LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

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A CATALOGUE

OF

ie TPE PIDOPTEKA

OF
NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM,
AND
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

BY

JOHN E. ROBSON, F.E.S., Lonpon.

HON. MEMBER OF THE LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENT. SOC. ;

AND OF THE CITY OF LONDON ENT. SOCIETY.

Vou. I1- MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

BEING

VOL. XV.

OF THE

NATURAL HISTORY TRANSACTIONS
OF

NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM AND NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

PRINTED FOR THE Naturat History Socrery or NorruuMBER-

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VOL. XV.—PART I.

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A CATALOGUE

OF

iat LEPIDOPTERA

OF

NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM,
AND

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

BY

JOHN E. ROBSON, F.E.S., Lonpon,

HON. MEMBER OF THE LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENT. SOC. ;

AND OF THE CITY OF LONDON ENT. SOCIETY.

Vor. I1.—MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
Part I.—PYRALIDINA AND TORTRICINA.

Aprit, 1905.

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PRELIMINARY PREFACE TO PART I.

A Frew words of introduction are considered desirable here, as
in the first part of the Catalogue, reserving the preface proper
till the next portion, completing the work, appears.

I have not had the assistance I expected from collectors in
preparing the Micro Catalogue, which is compiled from old lists
and records, with the assistance of Mr. Gardner, and a very
little help from others, I am aware that very few collect
Micro-Lepidoptera, which almost require different treatment
from the Macros, but every one must meet with small things
at times. If they would merely pin these and send them on
with locality attached, some of them would surely give me
fresh habitats, if not additional species.

It will be observed that I have included one or two species
without record. These are very common things that occur
everywhere, and quite certain to be found in these counties;
but either from inadvertence, or because they are so very
common, have not been recorded. I must say, however, that
we have not met with them near Hartlepool, and I will be
pleased to hear from any one who has taken them, that I may
announce the confirmation of their capture. I will also be
obliged for lists of Z2neena and Pterophorina with localities, or
even for pinned, unset specimens, named or unnamed. I am
rather surprised that none of the entomologists in and around
Neweastle collect these small things. It is true they require
different treatment and attention, and cannot be well collected
along with the Macro-Lepidoptera, but it is among these that
new discoveries may be made. The West and North-West of
Northumberland is almost untrodden ground to the entomolo-
gist, and while it is likely to produce something new, it is
certain that there may be found most or all of the rarities that
have been taken in Upper Teesdale, &c.

I will also be obliged for lists of Macro-Lepidoptera from any
locality, that the appendix to this volume may be as complete
as possible. Either additional species, new localities, or recent
confirmation of the older records will be esteemed.

Hartlepool, April, 1905.

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CATALOGUE.

Cuass INSECTA.
Order. LEPIDOPTERA.
Sec. Il. HETEROCERA.
NOCTURNI,
Grove. PYRALIDINA.

Following the arrangement of Stainton’s ‘‘ Manual,’’ we now
arrive at the Pyratmina. This is the first of those groups that
have generally been called Micro-Lepipoprera. Very many
Lepidopterists collect no further than the last group. A few
collect the Pyratipina, though many only take the Drrrorpzs,
which, indeed, are now often included with the Nocrurna.
These do not collect the Pyratipzs, the Torrricrna, the Trvera,
nor the PreropHorina. This neglect of the smaller species
prevents us having so many records of their appearance, and we
consequently have less knowledge generally of their distribution.
In this district, however, a few well qualified entomologists
have collected the whole of the Lepidoptera, and our knowledge
of them here, though very deficient in localities, is probably
not so in species. Less is known of the north-west of both
counties than of the other portions. Especially is this the case
with Northumberland, the north and north-west of which is
scarcely known.

2 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Modern arrangements have departed in many ways from the
sequence in which groups and genera were made to follow each
other, and also, to some extent, as to the group in which
certain genera and individual species should be placed. Thus
several species included by Stainton in the Pyratipina have
been moved elsewhere by more recent writers, whilst the
PrrRopHoRINA, which Stainton placed last of all, has now been
incorporated with this group. Some species, included here by
Stainton, have already been given where they are placed by
Barrett. To avoid any misunderstanding I will enumerate all
those occurring in the district, in the order in which they
appear in the ‘‘ Manual,” referring for details to the page in
the former volume, when they have already been included
there.

Newman’s work ceased at the end of the Macro-Lepidoptera,
and also that giving coloured figures of the larve by Owen
Wilson. These two therefore fall out of our list of references.
I will include Stainton’s ‘‘ Manual,’? and Meyrick’s ‘‘ Hand-
book ’’ as before, for the imagines, and Buckler’s figures of the
larve. I will add reference to “‘The British Pyralides,”’ by
the late J. W. Leech. This work contains fairly good figures
of all the British species, and of the Plumes (PreropHorra),
which most modern writers include with this group. These
figures may be of considerable assistance to beginners.

DELTOIDES, Latr.
HYPENIDZ, H.-Schr.
HY PENA, Sch.
1. Hypena proboscidalis, Linn. Tux §Snovr.

Hypena proboscidalis, Staint. Man., vol. 11, p. 127.

ae A Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. vi., p. 319.
is a Leech, British Pyralides, p. 7.
a ss Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 151.

! Imaco. Leech, pl.1i., fig. 2.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clxviii., fig. 1.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 3

See vol. i., p. 194. The broad wings and long palpi are not
very like those of the typical Noctua. This insect is common
wherever there are nettles, and though it is generally found in
open places, I have taken it regularly in Castle Eden Dene
among the spindled nettles that grow under trees.

HERMINIDA, Dup.
RIVULA, Gn.
2. Rivula sericealis, Scop. Srraw Dor.

Rivula sericealis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 130.

Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. vi., p. 328.
Iteech, Brit: Pyr., p. I

Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 169.

Imago. Leech, pl. i., fig. 9.
Larva. Buck., vol.ix., pl. exlviii., fig. 4.

A wood insect, generally plentiful where it occurs, and likely
to be found in most parts of both counties, but only one capture
has come to my knowledge. This Mr. Gardner took in Hezleden
Dene in 1899. It ought to have been given in vol. i., after
Proboscidalis, but I did not know of its occurrence till after
that sheet was printed off. The species is plentiful in many
places in the adjoining counties. The larva feeds on Brachy-
podium sylvaticum, which is a common grass in both counties.

HERMINIA, Latr.
3. Herminia barbalis, Linn. Fan-roor.
Hermima barbalis. Staint. Man., vol. 1., p. 131.
Pr ri Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. vi., p. 291.
Pechypogon ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 5.
Herminia 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 149.
Imago. Leech, pl.i, fig. 11.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cxlviit., fig. 6.
Mr. Patterson records this species from Corbridge, in South-
West Northumberland. These counties appear to be rather

4 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

beyond its range. The nearest locality on this side of the
island that I know of is York, which is quite a hundred miles
south of Corbridge. The insect appears to occur at Carlisle.
Its appearance at Corbridge is therefore in harmony with
its range on the west, and the district in the upper ranges of
the Tyne is also suitable for it. Still it is desirable to have
the record confirmed, as it may be an error for Nemoralis.
Barbalis is a wood insect, the larva feeding on birch catkins
and on oak. It should be looked for in the perfect state from
June to August. This species and the next were accidentally
omitted from volume i., where Mr. Barrett’s arrangement was
followed.

4. H. nemoralis, Fab. Smatt Fan-roor.

Hermima nemoralis. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 131.

% grisealis. Barr, Lep. Brit. Is., vol. vi., p. 298.
Zanthoclagna ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 2.
Aithia nemoralis. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 148. _

Imago. Leech, pl. i., fig. 1.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cxlvii., fig. 8.

Mr. Meyrick limits the northward range of this species to
York, but it certainly extends much further, and is no doubt
common in all the woods and denes of both our counties. It
is recorded for Newcastle, Meldon Park, &c., in 1884 in
Stephens’ Illustrations (Haustellata, vol. iv., p. 17). Mr.
Finlay found it still in Meldon Park, and generally common in
that neighbourhood. I have taken it freely in Castle Eden
Dene, often sitting exposed on the upper side of the low
herbage. It is equally common in Hezleden Dene. Leech
says the larvee feed on oak; Meyrick ‘‘ Sisymbriwm, &c.” ; Mr.
Doubleday found a larva on willow; and Mr. Buckler reared
the species on Polygonum aviculare (knot grass). I have never
reared it, but feel certain it occurs on low plants.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 5

PYRALIDA, Gn.
PYRALIS, Linn.
5. Pyralis costalis, Fab. Gotp FRinee.

Pyralis costalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 134.
Fe a Leech, Brit. Pyx., p. 11.
ss 7. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 427.

Imaco. Leech, pl. i1., fig. 5.

This is rather a southern insect, but it is recorded more than
once for York. It is in the Twizell list, which I thought must
surely be an error, though the species is a very distinct one,
but I find it has also been taken at Newcastle by the late W.
Maling (see Entom. ix., p. 19), ‘‘one specimen of the pretty
little Pyralis jfimbrialis.” Leech says the larva feeds on
‘“ stacked clover, preferring the lower and moister parts, living
in a web.” Other writers do not appear to know anything of
the larva, and Mr. Buckler never figured it.

6. P. farinalis, Linn. Meat Morn.

Pyralis farinalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 134.
ae : Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 12.
% A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 427.

Imaco. Leech, pl. ii., fig. 6.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cxlix., fig. 2.

A very common species in its peculiar haunts, flour mills,
meal warehouses, stables, &c., occasionally in houses. The
larva, which is said to live two years, feeds in a silken tube
among flour and meal refuse. It is frequently found on ledges
or projections in these places where dust accumulates, and does
not disdain straw, for I have bred the insect from larvee found
in a paillasse. The imago varies greatly in size, probably from
a plentiful or spare supply of food. The perfect insect comes
to sugar, and Mr. Gardner took a single specimen in this way
in Hezleden Dene, but is more generally seen in stables and

6 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

places where it has fed, sitting on the walls with its abdomen
erected in a peculiar manner. Recorded for Newcastle in
Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 26.

7. BP. glaucinalis, Linn. Dovste-srerpEp.

Pyralis glaucinalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 135.
nh AA Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 12.
s - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 427.

Imago. Leech, pl. it, fig. 7.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cxlix., fig. 3.

Mr. Gardner took a single specimen of this insect at sugar in
Hezleden Dene on 5th October, 1898. This appears to be a
very late date for the species, whose northward range Mr.
Meyrick limits to York, and I do not think the occurrence of a
solitary specimen can be taken as opposing that view. The
larve should be looked for on those ‘‘ nest like bunches of twigs
which may often be observed growing at the ends of branches
of birch trees.’”? Lord Walsingham first found it in such a
place, and he noted that on the 13th June he had “ larve,
pupe, and imagines of G'laucinalis all alive at the same time.”
' From one of these knots of twigs he bred 40 specimens.

AGLOSSA, Laitr.
8. Aglossa pinguinalis, Linn. Tansy.

Aglossa pinguinals. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 185.
” » Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 9.
9 90 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 428.

Imaco. Leech, pl. i, fig. 8.
Larva. Buck., vol. iX., Tol, @xdbbe,, wile, ah

This insect is attached to stables and similar habitats,
and will, no doubt, be found in such places over the entire
district; more particularly when they have been used as
such for many years. At present I have but few records.

CATALOGUE GF MOTHS. 7

The earliest is in Stephens’ Illustrations (Haustellata, vol. iv.,
p- 23), where he says that George Wailes reported it as
occurring at Newcastle. Recent collectors apparently have
not met with it there, but certainly because they have
not sought it where alone it may be found. Mr. Corder
got it at Sunderland, Mr. Gardner has taken it at Great-
ham, and we have both found it at Hartlepool. Stainton,
copying some continental writer, says the larva feeds on greasy
horse-cloths, but Buckler, who devoted some time to studying
the habits of the insect, states that the larva lives in com-
parative darkness among the chaffy rubbish on which they
feed. They spin a silken sheath, or gallery, and never leave it
until full-fed. Then they sometimes ascend the walls and
pupate in the interstices of the bricks. They will not touch the
greasy foods continental writers attribute to them, and in one
case, where a larva was under a cloth with a piece of lard upon
it, the larva was found there dead on the third day, having
neither eaten the lard nor the greasy cloth.

LURID, Gn.
PYRAUSTA, Schr.
9. Pyrausta punicealis, Linn. Purrre ann Goxp.

Pyrausta puniceals. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 1387.
es aurata. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 22.
i i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 414.

Imago. Leech, pl. ii., fig. 11.
iievs, Buck. vol. 1x., pl. el., fig. 1.

This pretty little species is widely distributed in Britain, but
is generally very local, and is much less frequent in the north.
Dr. Ellis does not record it for Cheshire, and only for two
localities in Lancashire, in one of which it is very scarce. Mr.
Porritt gives six localities for the large county of Yorkshire,
but marks it as common in only two of them. The ‘‘ Manual”
gives Darlington as a place where it occurs, but the specimens

8 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

were taken at Richmond in Yorkshire. The only habitat I
know of in these counties is Hezleden Dene, in some parts of
which it is very abundant, generally on the slopes of dry banks
not covered with trees, but sometimes on low open ground.
The larvee feed here on Origanum vulgare, but in some places it
feeds on Nepeta cataria (cat-mint). That, however, is rare in
these counties as a hedge side plant. Punicealis seems to
prefer a place where there is an abundance of its food. It
evidently likes the company of its kind.

10. P, purpuralis, Linn. Crimson ann Goxp.

Pyrausta purpuralis. Staint. Man., vol ii, p. 138.
ne 5 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 23.
& <5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 413.

Imago. Leech, pl. i1., fig. 12.

Another pretty little day-flying species of similar habit to
the last, but occurring in open ground at Black Hall Rocks, on
banks facing the sea. The ‘‘Manual’’ gives Darlington as a
locality. for it, but the specimens were taken at Richmond,
Yorkshire.

11. P, ostrinalis, Hub. Yurttow-panpep PuRpLe.

Pyrausta ostrinalis. Staint. Man., vol ii., p. 138.
3 a Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 24.
Imago. Leech, pl. 11., fig. 13.

It seems more than doubtful whether this is truly distinct
from the preceding species. They are nearly always found
together, the larve are not distinguishable, and feed on the
same plant. The chief differences in the imagines are that in
Purpuralis the band is broken into spots, while in Ostrinalis it
is continuous. Ostrinalis too is always smaller, and it may be
the reduced size causes the spots to run together. The differ-
ences are very well shown in Leech’s figures, but they do not
seem enough to constitute two distinct species. Ostrinalis
occurs at Black Hall Rocks, near Hartlepool, with Purpuralis.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 9

The ‘‘ Manual” says it occurs at Darlington, but as in the pre-
ceding species Mr. Sang’s specimens were taken at Richmond,
Yorkshire.

HERBULA, Gn.

12 Herbula cespitalis, W.V. Diney Porpte.

Herbula cespitalis. Staint. Man, vol. ii., ». 189.
5 Bs Geech, Brit. Pyr., p. 25.
Pyrausta,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 414.

Imaco. Leech, pl. ii., fig. 2.
arva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cl., fig. 2.

This is common at Black Hall Rocks and elsewhere along
the coast. I have no records for it beyond our own district,
but I would expect it to be found all along the coast of both
counties. It is double brooded, and flies in the sun; it loves
the top of a dry bank, but I have found it in rough pastures
a mile or two from the coast flying with Mana captiuncula.
The larve feed in a web below the leaves of plantain.

ENNYCHIA, Tr.

13, Ennychia cingulalis, Linn. Sriver-parrep Sasi.

Ennychia cingulalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 189.
9 53 Leech, Brit. Pyr , p. 25.
Pyrausta cingulata. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 413.

Imaco. Leech, pl. ii., fig. 3.

This species is given in the ‘‘ Manual’ as occurring at
Darlington. I do not know whether Sang took this or not,
but we have not met with it about Hartlepool as yet. The
larva feeds on wild sage, Salvia verbenaca. This is not a
common plant in these counties, but grows abundantly in
Hezleden Dene, Hawthorn Dene, and other smaller ravines in
the limestone of the Durham coast, and I have so little doubt
that it will eventually be found that I have included it here
from the ‘‘ Da” of the ‘‘Manual.’’ It extends to Perthshire
on the west of the island.

10 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

14. E, octomaculata, Fab. Erent-sporrep SaBie.

Ennychia octomaculata. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 140.
ae M Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 26.
Pyrausta 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 412.

Imago. Leech, pl. iii, fig. 5.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cl., fig. 4.

One of the more recent additions to our fauna. The first
specimen that I know of was taken at Dipton Wood on 22nd
June, 1898, by Mr. D. Rosie, of Newcastle-on-Tyne. Strange
to say it was taken again the next day, 23rd June, 1898, near
Hexham, by Mr. G. Nicholson, also of Newcastle. It is an
interesting addition, and quite likely to be found elsewhere.
The larva is said to feed on Solidago virgaurea, which is not a
rare plant in either county.

CATACLYSTA, H.-Sch.
15. Cataclysta lemnata, Linn. Smart Curna Marx.

Cataclysta lemnata. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 144.

0 5 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 47.

$6 of Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 402.
Imago. Leech, pl. vi., fig. 6.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cli., fig. 1.

This species appears barely to reach our southern boundary,
though on the western side of the island it occurs as far north
as the Clyde. I took it once on palings at Hartlepool, and
have met with it occasionally at Greatham. Mr. Sibson took
it at Stockton-on-Tees; and Mr. Sang met with it at Hell
Kettles, near Darlington. These are all on the extreme south
of Durham. The imago comes to light, and I have taken it at
night on the windows of Greatham Railway Station. The larva
is aquatic, feeding below the surface of the water on duck-
weed, a plant which floats about with its roots not attached to
the soil. Duckweed is common in small ponds and wet ditches,
and near such places Lemnata should be looked for.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. ila

HYDROCAMPA, Latr.

16. Hydrocampa nympheata, Linn. Brown Cura Marx.

Hydrocampa nympheata. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 145.
» * Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 48.
» x Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 403.

Imago. Leech, pl. vi., fig. 8.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cli., fig. 3.

Another species with an aquatic larva, but much commoner
than the last. It is recorded in Stephens’ Illustrations by Mr.
Wailes from ‘‘Meldon Park, Prestwick Carr, Marsden, &c.,”’
and by Mr. Hewitson from Newcastle (see Step. Illust., vol. iv.,
p- 39). Mr. Hewitson’s specimens were probably taken in
Jesmond Dene, where Mr. Henderson took it more recently.
Mr. Maling got this species on the boggy part of Newbiggin
Moor (see Trans., vol. y., p. 145). Mr. Finlay found it at a
lake to the west of Netherwitton, but does not mention Meldon
where Wailes took it so long before. Mr. Patterson got it at
Chopwell. It is recorded ‘“‘ among rushes in ponds near
Durham” in Ornsby’s work. Mr. Gardner and I have taken it
about Greatham. I also took it at Throston Carrs before this
place was drained, and I have seen it sitting on palings close to
the town. More recently I have taken it in damp hollows at
Black Hall Rocks, not near any pond. Mr. Jeffrey found the
larva would spin up on Myosotis, and it has been shown they
would eat almost any water plant. I cannot but think they
will be found to live on plants growing in damp places as well
as on true water plants. ‘The insect is common and widely
distributed, and is certain to occur all over both counties.

17. H.stagnata, Don. Bravrirot Curva Marx.

Hydrocampa stagnata. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 145.

i Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 49.
Nymphula Hf Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 402.
Imaco. Leech, pl. vi., fig. 9.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clii., fig. 1.

12 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

This is generally a very common insect, but it does not
appear to be so plentiful in our counties as the last species.
Stephens’ (Haust. iv., 39), on the authority of the late George
Wailes, says that it occurs at ‘‘ Meldon Park, Prestwick Carr,
Marsden, &c.’? Prestwick Carr has since been drained. Mr.
Finlay took it at a lake west of Netherwitton, and Mr. Maling
got it on boggy ground on Newbiggin Moor. Durham records
are no more numerous. Marsden, named above, is in Durham.
Mr. Sang took it in August, 1860, on a gas lamp at Darlington ;
Mr. Gardner and I have taken it about Greatham brick ponds,
but not elsewhere. The larva appears to feed on Sparganiwm,
though other food plants are given by various writers.

BOTYDZ, Gn.
BOTYS, Latr.

18. Botys lupulina, Clk. Hop Peart.

Botys lupulina. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 148.
» nubilalis. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 32.
Pyrausta ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 416.

Imago. Leech, pl. iv., fig. 4.

Mr. Gardner took a specimen of this exceedingly scarce species
behind the ropery at Hartlepool. This sheltered nook has
given us quite a number of rare insects—alas! it is now quite
destroyed by the extension of the town. Mr. Meyrick thinks
this is but a casual immigrant. It is difficult to accept this,
and equally difficult to suggest another explanation of the facts.
The larva feeds in the stems of hop, and it would be expected
the insect would occur where hop is cultivated. This is not so.
I am not aware it has ever been taken in such a locality.
It has occurred, always singly I believe, at places so wide
apart as Hartlepool, Manchester, and Sandown in the Isle of
Wight.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 13

19. B. verticalis, W.V. Moruer or Peart.

Botys verticalis. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 149.

5 ruralis. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 35.
Notarcha ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 406.
Imago. Leech pl. iv., fig. 8.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cliii., fig. 3.

Generally a common insect, found in June among nettles.
It is recorded in Stephens’ Illustrations (vol. iv., p. 45) for
‘‘ Newcastle, Gibside, &c.’? Mr. Henderson got it at Jesmond.
Mr. Corder found one in a garden at Sunderland, and Mr. Sang
got it about Darlington. Around Hartlepool it has occurred
sparingly among nettles in most places. It will be found much
more generally distributed than these few records imply.
Collectors do not trouble to collect around farm houses, or
places where nettles abound.

20. B. fuscalis, W.V. Diney Peart.

Botys fuscalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 149.
as cs Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 35.
Philyctenia fi Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 410.

Imaco. Leech, pl. iv., fig. 9.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cliii, fig. 5.

Generally a common insect. The larva feeds on cow-wheat
(Melamprium pratense), or yellow-rattle. It forms a cocoon in
August, but does not change to a pupa till the following spring.
It is given in the Twizell list. Mr. Finlay found it common in
Meldon Park; Mr. Wailes recorded it from Neweastle and
Gibside (Step. Illust. Haust., vol. iv., p. 39); Mr. Henderson
took it at Jesmond; Mr. Brady at Sunderland; Mr. Sibson at
Stockton-on-Tees; and Mr. Sang at Darlington. We find it
common about Hartlepool, and have taken it in most places
where we collect,

14 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

21. B, urticata, Linn. Smartt Maepre,

Botys urticata. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 150.
Eurrhypara ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 28.

- ne Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 407.
Imaco. Leech, pl. ii1., fig. 8.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cliii., fig. 8.

Meyrick limits the range of this species to York, but it is
common all over Durham and in South Northumberland, and I
expect it will be found over the ereater part of that county
wherever nettles grow freely. It is recorded for Neweastle-on-
Tyne by Mr. Wailes in Stephens’ Illustrations (Haust. iv., p. 44)
as far back as 1834, a record that Mr. Meyrick has evidently
overlooked. More recently Mr. Henderson found it about
Jesmond; Mr. Corder got it commonly around Sunderland;
it is given in Ornsby’s ‘‘ Durham’’; and Mr. Sibson found it at
Stockton. It is common enough around Hartlepool wherever
there are plenty of nettles, except in the immediate precincts
which it has deserted as the town extended.

EBULEA, Gn.
22. Ebulea crocealis, Tr. Ocnrerovs Prart.

Ebulea crocealis. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 151.
- a Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 37.
Phlyctema ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 408

Imago. Leech, pl. iv., fig. 12.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix, pl. cliv., fig. 1.

This species is marked ‘‘Da” in the “Manual,” and Mr.
Sang appears to have taken it near Darlington on 29th July,
1874, which is long after the publication of that work. There
is only one entry in Sang’s Diary, but I would suppose it
occurred regularly. It occurs commonly on the Durham coast,
among Inula dysenterica (flea-bane), from Black Hall Rocks,
where we take it regularly, to Sunderland, where Mr. Corder
has met with it. The imago flies before dusk, and I think
should be taken in many other places in both counties,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 15

23. E.Ssambucalis, W.V. Expse Peart.

Ebulea sambucalis. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 151.
% Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 38.
Phylctenia _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 410.

Imaco. Leech, pl. v., fig. 2,
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cliv., fig. 4.

These counties appear to be rather beyond the range of
Sambucalis, which Meyrick limits to York. Mr. Sang used to
take it at Hell Kettles, near Darlington, which is within a mile
of the Yorkshire boundary. I took a single specimen behind
the ropery, Hartlepool, flying in the sun, late in the afternoon,
and Mr. Gardner took another in Hezleden Dene in 1902. The
larva feeds on elder (Sambucus), and Stainton adds convelvulus.
There was no elder within some miles of the place where I
took it, but plenty of convolvulus. There is a great deal of
elder in Hezleden Dene.

PIONEA, Gn.
24. Pionea forficalis, Linn. Garprn Prssre.

Pionea forficalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 152.

an = Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 42.
Mesographe ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 425.
Imaco. Leech, pl. v., fig. 8.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cliv., fig. 5.

Common everywhere in gardens and elsewhere.

(Psamotis pulveralis, Hb., is recorded in Stephens’ (Illust.
Haust., vol. iv., p. 55) as having been taken at Meldon Park
by Mr Wailes. No other specimen has been taken there, and
Stephens subsequently concluded that the specimens taken as
above, and at Darenth Wood, were but varieties of Botys
fuscalis. Neither Stainton nor Doubleday recognised Pulveralis
as a British species, and it was not really taken in Britain till
1869, when Mr. E. G. Meek introduced it (see Ent. Mo. Mag.,
vol. vi., p. 141). The only reliable captures that I know of have
been at Folkestone and in the Isle of Wight, with the exception

16 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

of a single specimen taken at Ranworth by Mr. Barrett. A
figure is given in Wood’s ‘‘Index Entomologicus’’ from a
specimen taken at Darenth Wood, but this, like the Meldon
Park example, was subsequently considered to be but a variety
of Fuscalis. In the 1854 edition of this work, edited by West-
wood, the nomenclature underwent very strict revision by
Stephens himself and H. Doubleday, and altered names were
placed in brackets below the original name. Under Pulveralis,
the name [/uscalis, var.] is added, so that there can be no
doubt what the recorded specimen really was. It is necessary,
however, to give these details, as the record might be more
difficult to put right in after years).

SPILODES, Gn.
25. Spilodes sticticalis, Linn. Dzramonp Part.

Spilodes strcticalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 153.
Bs si Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 40.
Loxostege ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 418.

Imago. Leech, pl. v., fig. 4.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. cliv., fig. 8.

A single specimen of this insect was taken by Mr. Gardner
on the railway side at Hartlepool. Meyrick limits its range to
York, but it appears to be very widely distributed, though not
very common anywhere. It has been taken at Redcar, on the
south side of Hartlepool bay.

SCOPULA, Sch.
26. Scopula lutealis, Haw. Furvous Peart.

Scopula lutealis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 154.
se 5 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 29.
Phlyctana ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 408.
Imago. Leech, pl. iii, fig. 10.
This is much too plentiful in July and August, and appears
to occur everywhere. All lists that include this group say

Lutealis is abundant,

CATALOGUR OF MOTHS, 7

27. S. Olivalis, W.V. Oxtve Peart.

Scopula olwalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 154.

a Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 30.
Pyrausta ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 415.
Imaco. Leech, pl. ii., fig. 11.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clv., fig. 2.

Generally distributed and common in both counties. Meyrick
limits its range to York, which is a great mistake, for it extends
into Scotland even on the east coast. It is given in the
Twizell list, and Mr. Wailes recorded it for Newcastle in
Stephens’ Illustrations (Haust., vol. iv., p. 59). Mr. Patterson
found it at Chopwell; Messrs. Brady and Corder at Sunderland;
and about Hartlepool it occurs everywhere, and generally so
abundant as to be quite a nuisance.

28. S. prunalis, W.V. Dusky Pzart.

Scopula prunalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 155.

ax - Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 30.
Phliyctema ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 409.
Imaco. Leech, pl. iu., fig. 12.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. elv., fig. 3.

As yet only recorded by Mr. Finlay from the Morpeth
district, and by Mr. Gardner and myself at Hartlepool, but it
is certain to occur all over both counties. The larvee are not at
all particular in their food, and can find what will suit them
every where.

29. S. ferrugalis, Hub. Iron Grey.

Scopula ferrugalis. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 155.

e 99 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 31.
Phlyctania ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 409.
Imago. Leech, pl. iv., fig. 1.

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clv., fig. 4.

Meyrick says this species extends to the Clyde, and Stainton
says it occurs at Carlisle, but its range on the east coast
appears considerably restricted. Only two localities are given

: B

18 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

for Yorkshire, and I have only casual occurrences for Durham
and none for Northumberland. Mr. Corder took a single speci-
men ina garden at Sunderland. Mr. Gardner has taken two
or three on the railway side at Hartlepool near the Cemetery,
and Mr. Sang took it at street lamps in Darlington on 29th
September, 1859. It is mo food difficulty that prevents its
appearance here, as the larva feeds on common plants. I think
these counties are beyond its range in the east.

STENOPTERYX, Gn.
30. Stenopteryx hybridalis, Hub. Usuiaeurrovs.

Stenopteryx hybridalis, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 155.
Nomophila noctuella. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 21.
‘ 53 - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 410.
Imaco. Leech, pl. vii., fig. 2
Larva. Not figured, but described by Porritt, Buck.,
THONG 1b Rip 105 ILL
Generally distributed, and no doubt occurring in all suitable
places in both counties. Mr. Finlay found it on the moors
north and west of Morpeth; Mr. Henderson got it at Jesmond.
Mr. Sang took it at street lamps at Darlington ; and Mr. Sibson
found it at Stockton-on-Tees. About Hartlepool it is very
common, especially on the sandhills. It is very easily dis-
turbed in the day time, when it flies wildly away for a fee
yards and then settles again.

NOLIDA, Gn.
31. Nola cuculatella, Linn. -SnHorr CroaKED.

Nola cuculatella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 156.

) Newm. Brit. Moths, p. 25.
fr 55 Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. ii., p. 188.
= 55 Meyr. Hdbk Brit. Lep, p. 38.

Larva. Buck., vol. 11., pl. xli., fig. 3
. For particulars of this species see vol. i., p. 60, where it is

already given. Stainton is the only writer who places the
Nolide among the Pyralides.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 19

82. WN. cristulalis, Hub. Last Brack Arcuzs.

Nola cristulalis. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 157.

“a <5 Newm. Brit. Moths, p. 25.

,, confusalis. - Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. i1., p. 187.
Roesehia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 33.
Larva. Buck., vol. ii., pl. xliii., fig. 7.

See vol i., p. 60, for this species.

CHORENTIDA.
SIMAETHIS, Leach.
33. Simaethis fabriciana, Linn Nerrze-Tap.

Simaethis fabriciana. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 158.
Ss 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 707.

This is generally distributed and plentiful wherever it occurs.
Though records are few, it is certain to be found abundantly
throughout both counties, wherever there is nettle. It is in
the Twizell list, Mr. Finlay found it generally distributed and
common about Morpeth. Mr Maling records it for the New-
castle district in the Transactions of the Society for 1875,
p- 281. About Hartlepool it swarms everywhere. Stainton
followed Stephens in placing these insects among the Pyralides,
but more recent writers have transferred them to the Tortricina.
It fiies in the afternoon in the sun, and the larva feeds on
nettle, concealing itself in a white web.

34. S, pariana, Linn. Scarce Nerrrs-Tar.

Simaethis pariana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 158.
s EP Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 706.

A much scarcer species than the last, though generally
abundant where it occurs. It appears later in the year too,
and the imago hybernates, depositing its eggs in spring. It
has been found plentifully in thatch when hiding for the winter.
The larva feeds on hawthorn and apple. Mr. Sang took it in
Castle Eden Dene on 28th September, 1862, and Mr. Gardner
got a good series there some six or seven years ago.

20 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

CHOREUTES, Hb.
35. Choreutes scintillulana, Hb.

Choreutes scintillulana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 159.
- myllerana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 705.

The only record I have of this species is that Mr. Sang took
larvee on August 5th, 1874, at Hell Kettles, near Darlington.
It ought to occur elsewhere.

Like the two preceding insects, this has been moved by more
recent writers from the Pyralides. Mr. Meyrick places it
among the Tineina, following the genus Glyphipteryz.

EKUDOREA, Curt.
36. Eudorea cembrz, Haw. Laren Grey.

Eudorea cembre. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 161.
Scoparia ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 13.
- A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 423.

Imago. Leech, pl. xiv., fig. 1.

I have no doubt this insect is common wherever there is
plenty of coltsfoot, on the roots of which, and on Picris
hieracioides, the larvee feed. The late John Sang took it at
Castle Eden and around Darlington, and Mr. Lofthouse found
it on the Greatham salt marshes. It is common about Hartle-
pool, and I once found it swarming by the side of a newly
made road among the docks, the loose banks of which were
covered with coltsfoot. As the business purposes for which
the road was made gradually developed, the coltsfoot was
trodden out of existence, and the insect disappeared there, but
it is still plentiful elsewhere, especially where there is
abundance of coltsfoot on new made ground. I have no
records for Northumberland, but do not doubt it will be found
there.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 21

87. E.ambigualis, Tr. Smart Brown Grey.

Eudorea ambigualis. Staint. Man., vol. ., p. 161.
Scoparia 8 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 14.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 423.

3) 3)

Imago. Leech, pl. xiv., fig. 5.

A generally distributed insect, abundant almost everywhere.
Mr. Finlay says it is very common in his district. It is equally
so about Hartlepool, and though I have no further records I
expect it will be found in every part of both counties. The
larva is said to feed on moss growing on trees, and the imago
certainly sits on tree trunks. It must feed on other mosses,
for I have met with the insect in abundance far away from
trees.

38. E. ulmella, Knaggs (Dale, M.S.) Licnuen Grey.

Scoparia conspicualis. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 15.
5 ambigualis. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 423.

Imago. Leech, pl. xiv., fig. 8.

On the 13th July, 1844, the late J. C. Dale took three
specimens of a Scoparia from the trunk of a wych elm in a
wood at Hast Meon. He believed it to be new, and gave it
the manuscript name of Ulmella, but it was not until March,
1867, that any publication was made of the discovery. Then
(see E. M. M., vol. ii., p. 217) Dr. Knaggs introduced it as ‘‘an
hitherto unacknowledged species of Scoparia.”’ A very good
woodeut by Mr. E. C. Rye accompanies the article. No more
specimens appear to have been taken, and these three (one of
which was given to Mr. Curtis, and went to Australia with his
collection) were the sole representatives of the species for some
thirty years. Then the late J. B. Hodgkinson introduced as
new, a Scoparia which he had taken for a year or two previously
in the Cumberland Lake District. From its conspicuous appear-
ance as it sat on the tree trunks he proposed to name it Con-
spicualis. Within a year or two it was found at Burton-on-

IY) CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Trent by the late John Sang, at York by the late W. Prest,
Mr. Porritt recognised it as an insect he had taken at Hdlington
Wood near Doncaster, and I discovered it in great abundance
in Hezleden Dene near Hartlepool, and the following year at
Edder Acres, a wood near Thornley Station, and closely con-
nected with the upper end of Castle Eden Dene. In the dene
itself Mr. E. R. Bankes found it ‘‘ plentiful on tree trunks, and
very conspicuous.” Shortly afterwards it was found to be the
same insect that had been taken by Mr. Dale and named
Ulmella so long before. The new name, Conspicualis, ought to
have been dropped, but both names had been placed on our
lists, and still appear on some. This long explanation will
prevent future confusion.

For these counties I have no records except from the woods
and denes around Hartlepool, but the insect is so plentiful in
these that it must occur elsewhere, and if collectors will
examine the tree trunks in rather open woods in the latter
half of July and the beginning of August I will be euprec
if they do not turn up Ulmella.

Mr. Meyrick merges Ulmella with Ambigualis, but those
who have given special study to the group have no hesitation
in pronouncing them distinct species.

39. E. basistrigalis, Knages. Morney Grey.

Scoparia basistrigalis. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 14.
a ambigualis. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 428.

Imago. Leech, pl. xiv., fig. 4.

This is another insect introduced since the publication of
Stainton’s Manual. It was first announced in the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine, vol. ili, p. 1, and in the Entomologist’s
Annual for 1867, p. 140. This also has been ‘‘ lumped” with
Ambigualis, but it appears to have strong claims to distinctness.
It is larger and more robust looking, with broader forewings
and. more rounded costa. I never saw it alive myself, but those
who have tell me it is noticeably distinct as it sits on the trees.
There is also in Basistrigalis a thickening of the first line at

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 23

the costa, that is absent in Ambigualis. Another, and to my
mind an important point is that Basistrigalis has a tendency to
darken, almost to the production of melanic forms, a peculiarity
in which it is not followed by Ambigualis. The only local
record I have met with is that Mr. Finlay found it generally
distributed about Morpeth, but always scarce, It is certain to
occur elsewhere.

40. E. pyralella, Hb. Hoary Grey.

Eudorea pyralella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 261.
Scoparia dubitalis, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 16.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 423.

Imago. Leech, pl. xiv., fig. 9.

9) 9?

This is one of the commonest species of the genus. It is
said to occur in damp places, and the larva to feed on moss, on
oak and beech, but it is common on the dry railway banks at
Hartlepool, miles away from any trees. I expect it will be
found in all parts of both counties.

41. E, truncicolella, Sta. Srrratep Grey.
Eudorea truncicolella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 161.
Scoparia oe Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 16.
pe nA Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 422.
Imaco. Leech, pl. xiv., fig. 11.

This species is only recorded from Upper Teesdale by Mr.
Gardner, who found it scarce there. I think it will be found
generally in the western parts of both counties, and possibly in
places on or towards the coast also.

42. E. crateegella, Hub. Hawraorn Grey.

Eudorea crategella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 161.
Scoparia 5 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 18.

is > Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 422.
Imago, Leech, pl. xv., fig. 4.

24 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Rather a scarce species, and though found on the Durham
moors, it has not hitherto been recorded for Northumberland.
Mr. Sang took it in several places near Darlington, from July
to August in 1860, 1869, and 1871. Mr. Gardner has taken it
in Teesdale, but always found it scarce.

43. E, frequentella, Sta. Common Grey.

Eudorea frequentella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 162.
Scoparia mercurella. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 18.
aA Srequentella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 422.

Imago. Leech, pl. xv., fig. 3.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clv., fig. 6.

Mr. Sang recorded this insect from a lane near Darlington,
and Mr. Gardner has met with it on walls in Upper Teesdale,
where it is far from plentiful. It is generally a common
species, but appears to be much scarcer in the north. Mr.
Porritt: gives only three localities for it in Yorkshire, and Dr.
Ellis two in Cheshire and two in Lancashire. It appears to
reach the south-west of Scotland, and is even recorded from
Perthshire, but I doubt if it will be found in many places with
us on the east coast. Mr. Porritt’s localities are all westward.

44, KK. murana, Curt. Watt Grey.

Eudorea murana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 162.
Scoparia 5 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 17.
mi Aa Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 421.

Imago. Leech, pl. xv., fig. 1.

This appears to be a northern and western species generally.
It is widely distributed in Scotland, and in the west of
England, but appears almost to avoid the east coast. All the
Yorkshire localities for it are in the west of that extensive
county, and in our district its habits appear to be much the
same. In Northumberland Mr. Finlay found it generally dis-
tributed on the moors towards the Cheviots, and in Durham it
is fairly common on the moors in the west, in Upper Weardale

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 25

and Upper Teesdale, but I know of no habitat on or approach-
ing the coast. Perhaps the habit of the larva to live on moss
on old walls may partly explain this, and the insect should be
looked for wherever stone walls take the place of hedges.

45. E. lineola, Curt. Live Grey.

Eudorea lineola. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 162.
Scoparia ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 19.
a; 4 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 421.

Imaco. Leech, pl. xv., fig. 6.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clv., fig. 7.

A very local insect, and not abundant in the north of
England. Ellis does not record it either for Lancashire or
Cheshire, and Porritt only gives two localities for Yorkshire.
One of these, Redcar, is only a mile or two from the south-
east extremity of Durham. The only record I have for these
counties is Hoffall Wood near Durham, where Mr. Backhouse
met with it. The larva apparently prefers lichen to moss, and
has been reared on lichen growing on palings.

46. E. augustea, . Narrow Grey.
Eudorea augustea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 163.
Scoparia ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 20.
F Bs Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 421.

Imago. Leech, pl. xv., fig. 7.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clv., fig. 8.

This species is of somewhat similar habit to Murana, The
larva prefers moss growing on old walls. Its distribution seems
similar also, being commoner in the north and west than in the
south and east. It does not, however, avoid the east coast so
strictly, and though it is more plentiful in West Yorkshire, it
occurs at Scarborough and Redcar. So in Durham we have
taken it about Hartlepool, and in Hezleden Dene, but it is far
from common,

26 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

May I add a note here respecting the members of this genus.
Those who desire to obtain a fine series should take a killing
bottle with them when they expect to capture any Scoparia.
They are so restless when confined in small boxes that they
soon spoil their appearance, and in an hour or two may be
almost unrecognisable.

APHOMIA, Steph.

47. Aphomia colonella, Linn.

Aphomia colonella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 164.

te sociella. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 109.

uw 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 385.
Imago. Leech, pl. xiii., fig. 3.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clvi., fig. 2.

The sexes of this insect differ so much that Linnzus thought
they were different species, and gave them separate names,
describing the 3 first as Soczella, and the ? subsequently as
Colonella. The rule, which appears to be a perfectly proper
one, is that when both sexes have been named, the name of the
male takes priority. In this case too the male was named
first, and the species undoubtedly should be, and is now
generally known as Socdel/a. The difference in the sexes is so
great that Curtis placed them under different genera. The
larva of this species is said to feed in beehives, which I think
very doubtful, and in nests of humble bees. This may be so,
but it is certain that they live in wasps nests, eating the papery
substance composing the cells. Wasp’s nests are generally
common, and this insect is widely distributed and not at all
rare. Mr. Maling says, ‘‘I met with several specimens of this
moth in July near Hexham, the larva of which feed in bee-
hives”’ (Trans., vol. v., p. 280). Mr. Finlay took it occasion-
ally in Meldon Park. These are all the records I have of it for
Northumberland, and in Durham I only know of a solitary
specimen I took myself on the sand banks just beyond Hartle-
pool Cemetery, on the 17th July, 1874. I see no reason for
this apparent scarcity, and expect it will be found widely
distributed over both counties.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 27

ANERASTIA, Hb.

48. Anerastia lotella, Hb.

Anerastia lotella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 168.
m i Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 87.
HA i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 363.

Imaco. Leech, pl. x., fig. 3.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clvi., fig. 4.

An insect only to be found on sandy sea shores, and, so far,
only recorded from Hartlepool for these counties. Mr. Meyrick
limits its range to Yorkshire, possibly there has been no
published record of its occurrence here. It is rather common >
on the sandhills among marram-grass (Ammophila arenaria),
and I took it among Elymus arenarius in 1891. Mr. Buckler
reared it from larve feeding on marram, but it is known to eat
other grasses also. It lives in a silken case or gallery on or
below the surface of the sand. I see no reason why it should
not occur on the sand dunes of both counties.

EPHESTIA, Zell.

49. Ephestia ficulella, Barr.

Ephestia ficulella, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 95.
5 c Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 373.

Imago. Leech, pl. xi., fig. 6. 7

I introduce this species with considerable doubt. The only
notice of its occurrence that I have met with is that Mr. Sang
records haying bred a specimen on 29th June, 1858, from a
growing hazle nut, found at Barnard Castle on 7th October,
1857. ‘There is evidently some error, as the larva of Frculella
feeds on dried fruits, figs, currants, &c., and the imago is
generally found in wholesale grocers’ warehouses. It is a likely

species to occur anywhere, and Sang was particularly careful,
_ but there is an error somewhere, and I merely make the record,
and leave the correction to the future. ‘The insect was intro-
duced to the British list in 1875,

28 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

50. KE. interpunctella, Hb.

Ephestia interpunctella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 169.
Plodia 3} Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 98.

is 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 372.
Imago. Leech, pl. xi., fig. 11.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clvi., fig. 8.

This has no doubt been correctly transferred to the genus
Plodia, Gn. The larva feeds on grain and seeds, as well as on
dried fruits, but it does not appear to be particular in its food,
for Mr. Sang found it in a tea warehouse at Darlington, where,
apparently, it could only have tea dust to live upon. Mr.
Finlay has found the imago in Meldon Park in the open air,
but never very common, and he makes no suggestion as to the
food. Mr. Gardner got a specimen in a grocer’s shop at Hartle-
pool. Mr. Buckler reared the larve on locust beans, and Mr.
Porritt on dried figs. It evidently has considerable choice of
food.

Sly E, kuehniella, Zeller.
Ephestia kuehniella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 374.

A specimen of this insect was taken by Mr. Gardner at
Middle Thorp, near Hartlepool, three or four years ago, and he
took another last year. It is one of the more recent additions
to the British fauna. The larva feeds on flour. I had larve
brought me from a flour warehouse at Stockton that I expected
to produce this insect, but they never appeared.

HOMCEOSOMA, Curt.
52. Homoeosoma nimbella, Zell.

Homeosoma nimbella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 169.
x - Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 91.
4g x Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 377.
Imago. Leech, pl. x., fig. 12. .
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clvu., fig. 3.
The only Northumberland record I have for this insect is
from the west of the county, where Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson met
with it. Mr. Sang took it at South Shields on 28rd July, 1871.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 29

Mr. Gardner has reared it from larva found at Hartlepool feed-
ing on the flowers and seeds of Anthemis. At one time it was
not uncommon about Hartlepool, but I have not seen it in
recent years. Those that occurred here are probably the
variety (?) Saazcola, introduced as a new species by the late
Howard Vaughan, but now considered only to be a form of

Nimbella.

53. H, Senecionis, Vaughan.

Homeosoma senecioms. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 93.

5 cretacella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 377.
Imago. Leech, pl. xi., fig. 2.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clvii., fig. 5.

This was introduced by the late Howard Vaughan in the
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. vii., p. 131, as a species
new to science. It was subsequently found that it had been
described in 1866 by Dr. Rossler and named Cretacella. It is
not very uncommon among ragwort about Hartlepool, and Mr.
Gardner has reared it from larve found in the stems and flower
heads of ragwort. It was at one time rather plentiful between
the Ropery and the railway, a place often referred to, but now
destroyed entomologically. I also took it freely in an enclosure
outside the Cemetery between 1884 and 1887, but the sea has
spoiled this place, and I have not seen Senecronis for some years.
I have no record of its occurrence elsewhere. It has not been
recorded from Yorkshire, and Meyrick limits its northward
range to Gloucester and Norfolk.

PHYCILIDA, Rag.

The number of species in this group that are recognised as
British have been nearly doubled in number since the publica-
tion of Stainton’s Manual, but only two of the additional
species have been taken in these counties. The arrangement of
genera and the nomenclature have also been much modified in
recent years. I have followed Stainton in both respects, and
trust no confusion will follow from the difference between old
and new names and position.

30 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

ACROBASIS, Zell.
54. Acrobasis tumidella, Zinck.

Acrobasis tumidella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 171.
Rhodophea ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 108.
Acrobasis zellert. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 382.
Imaco. Leech, pl. xii., fig. 15.

Meyrick limits the range of this species to York, but it
reaches the south of Durham at least, as both Mr. Gardner and
I have taken it in Hezleden Dene. It is not common there,
however, and I know of no other locality. Mr. Gardner took
one at sugar in July, 1899, and another in 1902.

MYELOIS, Hb.
55. Myelois advenella, Zinc.

Myelois advenella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 173.
fthodophea ,, Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 106.
Eurhodope _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 380. —
Imago. Leech, pl. xi, fig. 12.

Mr. Sang records that he took this on the railway banks at
Croft, near Darlington, on 26th August, 1865. I have no
further knowledge of it here. It is rather a local species, but
reaches Scotland. The larva feeds on hawthorn in May or
‘June, and I see no reason why the species should not occur
elsewhere in either county.

HYPOCHALCIA, Ob.
56. Hypochalcia ahenella, W.V.

Hypochalcia ahenella. Staint. Man., vol. u1., p. 174.
Onocera i Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 108.
Hypochalcia _,, Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p. 369.
Imaco. Leech, pl. xiii., fig. 1.

The late J. B. Hodgkinson reports having met with this
species in Northumberland. I do not know the exact locality,
_but it was in the extreme west of the county. Mr. Gardner
and I have taken it occasionally about Black Hall Rocks,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. ol

generally flying off disturbed in a morning, but we never
learned enough of its habits to take it except singly. In
Yorkshire it is only recorded from Huddersfield, which Mr.
Porritt thought was an error, but he now announces that the
specimens were correctly named. I agreed with his earlier -
remarks that the locality was an unlikely one. It should be
looked for in hilly places where wild thyme grows freely.
I would expect the cliffs along the Yorkshire coast might
produce it. It has been taken in the south-east of Scotland.

NEPHOPTERYX.
DIORYCTRIA, Zell.”
57. Dioryctria splendidella, H. §%.

Dioryctria splendidella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 369.
This species is only given in Meyrick’s Handbook, who
speaks of it as having been recorded only from Norfolk and
Cheshire, but as probably overlooked. Mr. Gardner took a
single specimen flying behind the Ropery at Hartlepool in 1891.
It is very difficult to explain the occurrence of solitary speci-
mens like this. The larva feeds beneath the bark of Pinus
sylvestris, ‘‘ causing a lump of resinous exudation.”” The insect
itself is the largest and finest of the group, and Mr. Gardner’s
specimen is as fine as bred. Insects that must have crossed the
sea are sometimes in beautiful condition, and we may imagine
them carried in an upper stratum of the air absolutely without
‘injury. There is a fir wood a few miles west of where this
specimen was taken, but if it was bred there, we would expect

to have got more than a single specimen.

NEPHOPTERYX,
58. Nephopteryx roborella, Zinc.
Nephopteryx roborella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 175.
u; spissicella. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 108.
Phycita Be Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 870.
Imaco. Leech, pl. xii., fig. 6.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clviii., fig. 9.

ol CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Not an uncommon species, but more abundant in the south
than in the north. Meyrick indeed limits its range to York,
which is not very far wrong, so far as I know, as the only
record I have of its appearance beyond that county is that Mr.
Sang found larvee at Darlington, the extreme south of Durham,
on August 13th, 1874. he larve feed on oak, and apparently
spin the leaves together for concealment.

PEMPELIA.

59. Pempelia dilutella, Hb.

Pempelia dilutella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 176.
Phycis subornatella. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 101.
Pempelia dilutelia. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 364.

Imago. Leech, pl. xii., figs. 2 and 3.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clix., fig. 3.

It would appear that the <Adornatella and Subornatella of
Leech, plate 12, figs. 2 and 3, are now considered to be one
species. Dvlutella is given in Stainton’s Manual with four
localities, including Bristol and Edinburgh. Subornatella was
introduced as a new species in the Entomologist’s Annual for
1869 as taken “last season” by Mr. Greening, of Warrington.
The only claim the insect has to appear here is that Mr. Sang
records having taken it on 27th June, 1859, near Darlington.
The curious point is that in his Diary it appears.as ‘‘ Subor-
natella,” a name not apparently applied to it as a British insect
till nine years afterwards.

60. Pempelia fusca, Haw.

Pempelia fusca. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 176.

Phycis ie Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 100.

Salebria ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 366.

Imago. Leech, pl. xii., fig. 1.

‘This insect is rather common about Hartlepool in July,

occurring not only at Black Hall Rocks, where there is a little
heather, but on the sand hills and levelled ballast, where there

CAIALOGUE OF MOTHS, 33

is none. Meyrick says the larva feeds on Hrica, and Leech
that it will eat sallow in captivity, but it must feed on low
plants as well, for there is neither one nor the other in places
where we take it. It comes frequently to sugar, and may often
be taken from the flowers of Hieracleum sphondyllium. The
only additional record I have is that Mr. Sang took it at
Wolsingham on 28th June, 1874, and Mr. Gardner tells me it
is common in Teesdale.

61. Pempelia betule, Gn.
Pempelia betule. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 177.
Phyeis 5 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 100.
Salebria 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 366.
Imago. Leech, Brit. Pyr., pl. 11, fig. 14.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. elviii., fig. 10.

A single specimen of this insect was taken in Upper Teesdale
by Mr. Gardner. It is not a very uncommon species in York-
shire, and may probably be turned up in other parts of these
counties when these smaller species are more collected. The
Derwent Valley and the Hexham district appear to me to be
likely places for its occurrence.

62. Pempelia davisellus, Newman.

Nephopteryx genistella. Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 104.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 371.

Imaco. Leech, pl. xii., fig. 8.

? 9

Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clix., fig. 2.

Mr. Sang records that he took larve of this species (which
he calls Genistacolella) at Waskerley, in the west of Durham,
on 12th April, 1874; at Wolsingham on 7th June, 1878, and
imagines there on 27th May, 1884. He does not give the food
plant or any further particulars. The larva, so far as I know,
feeds on Ulex campestris, and it is very desirable to have these
records confirmed, as otherwise the insect appears to be con-
fined to the extreme south of England.

34 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

CRAMBIDA, Gn.
CRAMBUS, Fab.

—(Crambus cerussellus. Mr. Sang enters ‘‘ Cerusella” as
occurring in several places about Darlington from the middle
of June to the first week in July. As he never gave even the
initial of the generic name, I have been puzzled as to this
entry, the date of which agrees with the time of the occurrence
of Crambus cerussellus or cerussella. Hlachista cerusella is
given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at Darlington, but this
insect appears on the wing in May, and again in August, while
Sang’s entries are as above, June and early July. The larva of
the Elachista too feeds on Phalaris arundinacea, which is not
very likely to occur in the lanes around Darlington. On the
other hand Crambus cerussellus is not recorded for Yorkshire,
though it reaches Lancashire on the west. In Sang’s diary the
name is given with only one s in every case, and I can only
leave the matter with these remarks, and wait for elucidation
in the future).

63. Crambus pratellus, Linn? Clk.

Crambus pratellus. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 180.
54 as Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 75.
55 » Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 391.

Imaco. Leech, pl. vii, fig. 5. © ite iat §

Abundant everywhere.

64. C. hamellus, Thunb. ae
Crambus hamellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii, Ws Ul
Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 77.
9 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 389.
Imaco. Leech, pl, vii, fig. 9.

2? 9

Meyrick limits the range of this species to Lancashire in the
west, but does not give it in the east. I took it several years
ago at Hartlepool, but have no recent knowledge of it.- It has |
been taken at Scarborough. .

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 30

65. C. pascuellus, Linn.

Crambus pascuellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 181.

9 45 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 77.

= a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 390.
Imaco. Leech, pl. viii., fig. 10.

This species frequents wet meadows and boggy places. Mr.
Wailes recorded it from Prestwick Carr in Stephens’ Illustra-
tions (Haust., vol. iv., p. 321), and I took a single specimen
myself near Angerton Station, on the North British Railway,
when with the late Mr. Finlay. These are all the Northum-
berland records. In Durham I only know that both Mr.
Gardner and I have taken it in a few boggy places around
Hartlepool, and that Mr. Backhouse got it near Darlington.
It extends locally into Scotland, and even reaches the Shetlands,
so it is likely to occur in suitable places in both counties.

66. C. uliginosellus, Zell.

Crambus uliginoselius. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 182.

- 9 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 77.

i, a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 390.
Imaco. Leech, pl. viii., fig. 11.

This is a southern species, and rather local there, but it is
recorded in the Transactions of the Society in ‘‘ Notes on the
occurrence of Lepidoptera in Northumberland and Durham in
1874, by William Maling.” ‘ Crambus uliginosellus (a very
local species).—One of my best captures during the season. It
is generally taken singly ’’ (vol. v., p. 145).

The late J. B. Hodgkinson, of Preston, kindly marked a list
of species he had met with in Northumberland, and the only
Crambus there is the present species,

I had grave doubts of the correctness of Mr. Maling’s record
until I saw the species also named by Mr. Hodgkinson. Mr.
Maling is wrong in supposing it te be generally taken singly,
but the insect does not appear to range beyond Norfolk, and as
the death of both gentlemen prevents enquiry being made, it is
very desirable that some of the Northumberland collectors

36 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

should find the species and record the locality. Both captors
collected in the west of the county, Mr. Maling also about
Newbiggin and Cullercoats.

67. C. hortuellus, Hub.

Crambus hortuellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 182.
Rien a Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 86.
* a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 391.
Imago. Leech, pl. x., fig. 1.

Recorded for Newcastle in Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv.,
p- 822, and in all MS, lists including the group. It is a
common species occurring almost everywhere, and found in all
parts of both counties.

68. C. culmellus, Linn.

Crambus culmellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 182.

A na Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 85.

- 35 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 391.
Imago. Leech, pl. ix., fig. 12.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clx., fig. 4.

This is one of the very few Crambi in the Twizell list, and 3

it is generally distributed and very common in both counties, as
in all other parts of Britain.

69. C. geniculeus, Haw.
Crambus geniculeus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 183.
Bs ‘5 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 84.
5 Be Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 394.
Imaco. Leech, pl. ix., fig. 11.
Larva. Buck,, vol. ix., pl. clx., fig. 7.

At present this is only recorded from the Hartlepool district.
Mr. Sang found it at Seaton Carew, and it occurs fairly
commonly at Hartlepool, chiefly in sandy places, especially if a
little sheltered, such as behind the Ropery in the old days,
behind Warren Farm, and in the enclosure formerly between
the cemetery and the sea. I see no reason why it should not
occur elsewhere, especially on the sandy shores,

a

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 37

70. C. selasellus, Hub.

Crambus selasellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 183.
Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 81.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 395.

?? 99
?? ?

Imago. Leech, pl. ix., fig. 6.
anya. (Bucks, voljix:, plivelx., figs 9:

A local and rather scarce insect, and so closely resembling
the next, which is a very common species, that I have found it
necessary to make careful investigation of the records, most of
which proved to be the commoner species. By the kindness of
Mrs. Pattison, of Forest Hall, I am able to confirm the
Northumberland captures of the late W. Pattison, which, so
far, are the only specimens taken in that county to be relied
upon. In Durham it appears equally scarce. Mr. Sang took
it at Hell Kettles, near Darlington, and Mr. Gardner and I
have taken a very few, which are all I can rely upon. Meyrick
limits its range to Lancashire. It occurs at Scarborough and
other places in Yorkshire, but it is very far from common in
the north of England, and I would be glad to hear of additional
localities. It is best distinguished from Zristel/us by its rather
smaller size, and by a dark line above the white streak, which
is more distinctly four-branched.

“(le C. tristellus, W.V.

Crambus tristellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 183.
53 6 Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 82.
: rr Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 395.
Imaco. Leech, pl. ix., fig. 7.
This, one of the largest of the grass moths, is common every-
where in both counties. In Leech’s work, referred to above,

the figure of this insect on plate 9 (fig. 7), is named C. pratellus
in error. The reference on p. 82 gives the name correctly.

38 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

72. C. margaritellus, Hb.

Crambus margaritellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 183.

” ” Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 78.

” ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 398.
Imaco. Leech, pl. viii., fig. 13.

Mr. Sang took this pretty Crambus at Wolsingham, Upper
Weardale, on 9th August, 1874. It is met with in the Lake
District, so its occurrence in the western part of Durham is
what might be looked for. I have no other records as yet.

73. C. perlellus, Scop.

Crambus perlellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 184.

9 * Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 80.

*9 9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 393.
Imago. Leech, pl. ix., fig. 4.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clx., fig. 13.

The only locality I know of in these counties for this species
is a meadow adjoining the churchyard at Monk Hezleden, near
Hartlepool. The meadow slopes down to the top of the dene,
and the lower part is much grown over with stunted birch,
whin, and such like growth, the soil scarcely covering the
limestone rock. Here, of course, the grass is not cut, and
Perlellus occurs im abundance. The specimens are nearly
always silvery white, though it sometimes has darker streaks.
They are also distinctly larger than the Greatham specimens of
Warringtonellus.

74, CG. warringtonellus, Stainton.

Crambus warringtonellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 184.
si aA yee Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 81.
ar perlellus. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 393.
Imaco. Leech, pl. ix., fig. 5.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clx., fig. 14.

It is now considered doubtful if this be more than a variety
of form of Perlellus, but they certainly occur here in places of
widely different character. Mr. Gardner found Warringtonellus

we el en

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 39

on the salt-marsh at Greatham, a few miles south of Hartle-
pool. The specimens taken there are easily distinguished from
Hezleden examples. They are always smaller, yellower, and
much more streaked and marked with a darker shade. This
may result from the difference of habitat, this occurring in the
low swampy ground of a salt-marsh, and the other on a dry
limestone bank, but were there none but these two from the
Hartlepool district to consider they would certainly be reckoned

as two species.

CHILO, Zk.

75. Chilo phragmitellus, Hb.

Chilo phragmitellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 186.
Leech, Brit. Pyr., p. 70.

ie aR Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 397.
Imago. Leech, pl. vii, fig. 5.
Larva. Buck., vol. ix., pl. clix., fig. 7.

? 2?

We appear to be rather beyond the range of this species, or
it has escaped detection. The only occurrence I know of is
that it was taken at Hell Kettles, near Darlington, in July,
1874, by Mr. Stevenson. Mr. Bolam, of Berwick, had larve
believed to be this species from the extreme north of Northum-
berland. He did not, however, rear the insects. There is
a doubtful record from Perth, in Scotland. I would urge
collectors in suitable places to try and confirm the occurrence
of the insect in our district. The larvee feed and pupate within
the reed stem. We have not met with it about Greatham.

CHLG{PHORIDA, Steph.
CHLOEPHORA, Dup.
76. Chloephora prasinana, L. Grezn Srver Linzs.

Chloephora prasinana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 187.
Halas ig Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. ii., p. 175.
i F Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 36.

Hanya. Buek., vol. ix., pl. clxz., fig. 1.

For particulars of this species see yol..i., p. 59,

40 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

TORTRICINA.

This is a very extensive family, over three hundred species
being recognised as British. It has never been a popular one
with collectors. The insects, as a rule, are but little diversified
in appearance, are but dull coloured in most cases, and are
without any very striking style of marking. Add to this their
small size, for very few indeed are above an inch, and many
are less than half that in expanse. Where there are many
collectors but few study this group, here in the north of
England, very few indeed. I have thus but very scanty
records to draw upon for my account of their occurrence. I
have none for the north-west of Northumberland, very few for
the north-west of Durham. Many additional species are certain
to be found within our area, and additional localities for nearly
everything.

The sources from which the following list is compiled are, a
lengthy and important list of recent captures by the late James
Finlay, of Meldon, near Morpeth; a list supplied by the late
J. B. Hodgkinson, of Preston, Lancashire, of species taken in
south-west Northumberland, but which has no localities, and
contains names of some species such as Lupecethia vectisana and
afinitana, that could not possibly occur there; the notes of
the late Wm. Backhouse, of Shotley, and the “diary” of the
late John Sang. There are also a few records, without
localities, in the Transactions of the Society from the pen of the
late W. Maling, of Newcastle, a few notices of local species in
Stephens’ ‘‘ Illustrations,’ from the late George Wailes, and a
few others in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, &c. These
are all I have had to draw upon. Mr. Gardner, who has given
some little attention to the group, has rendered me all the
assistance in his power.

It is a very difficult group to differentiate. One writer will
give as a species what another considers to be two or three.
Some species, the ‘‘ Buttons” for instance, are wonderfully
variable; others are absolutely constant. No two authors
appear to agree as to the best method of dividing them into

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 4]

families and genera, nor to which genus certain species belong.
Stainton, it is true, accepted Wilkinson’s arrangement and
nomenclature, and adopted it in the Manual, but Stainton had
never studied the group. This arrangement I am following,
not that I consider it the best, but for reasons already given.
Mr. Barrett probably knows more of the Tortrices than any
other writer, but his work on the group is not yet ready for
issue. He has, however, been good enough to revise and
correct my MS.

The larve seldom feed exposed. Many. live in roots and
stems, others roll themselves up in the leaves of their food-
plant, hide themselves in seed capsules or flowers, and live
there in concealment. The habits of the perfect insects have
not been much written about. Some fly in the early morning,
some at mid-day, or later, but the bulk fly at or about sunset;
few, if any, after dark. Many, possibly all, ‘‘ assemble,” where
there is a virgin female.

The nomenclature in many cases is most frightfully confused.
I have done my best to make it correct here, but if I have
blundered, those who understand it best will be the readiest to
excuse any errors.

TORTRICIDZ.
SARROTHRIPA, Curt.
1. Sarrothripa revayana, W.V.

Sarrothripa revayana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 191.
oF 3 Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. vi., p 192.
” undulana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 35.
Larva. Buckler, vol. ix., pl. clxi., fig. 4.

For particulars of a solitary occurrence of this insect see
vol.i., p. 192. No additional records have reached me since
that was published.

This is a species whose place appears to be much disputed.
Dr. Staudinger gave it among the Bombyces. Mr. Barrett con-
siders it to be a Noctua. It is rather common generally, and
has been taken far into Scotland, but it does not appear to have
a habitat in these counties.

42 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

AMPHISA, Curt.

2. Amphisa gerningana, W.Y.

Amphisa gerningana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 191.
x, gerningiana. Wilk. Brit. Tort,, p. 13.
Philedone gerningana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 527.

More a northern than a southern species, occurring abundantly
on all the heatks and moors of both counties. It is not, how-
ever, strictly confined to such habitats, for Mr. Sang took it
on the banks of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, near
Darlington, on 10th July, 1878. A variety of plants are named
as affording food for the larva. The difference in spelling the
name in Wilkinson’s work is probably a misprint. He was not
one of those modern nuisances, whose chief study seems to be
to call insects by names different to other people.

3. A, prodromana, Hub.

Amphisa prodromana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 191.
ui Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 14.
5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 527.

Rather more exclusively northern than the last, but not yet

99
Philedone

recorded beyond the Clyde. It is not uncommon on the moors
of both counties, and is also plentiful on the sandhills between
Hartlepool and Castle Eden Dene, and probably in similar
places on the coasts of both counties. Stainton gives July as
the time for the appearance of the imago. That is a mistake,
it flies much earlier in the year. Sang records it several times
from the Durham moors about Waskerley, and his latest date is
19th April. Perhaps it appears later on the moors, for about
Hartlepool it is generally on the wing by the middle of March.
It flies about mid-day in bright sunshine, and is a lovely insect
when fresh. There appears to be some doubt as to the food of
the larva. Stainton says ‘‘Sallow”’ with a ? after it. Meyrick
says Potentilla. Wilkinson does not mention the larva at all.
In 1894, Mr. Finlay, of Meldon, collected a quantity of united
sallow leaves, hoping to breed Peronea hastiana. From these,

a

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 43

among other things, he reared Prodromana. It cannot feed on
sallow on Hartlepool sand-hills, for there is none. Mr. Gardner
has reared it from flower heads of valerian, and believes it will
eat any flowers. It seems strange, if this be so, that it is so
very local, though its early appearance may cause it to be
overlooked.

Curtis, believing the insect to be new to science, called it
Walkerana, after the gentleman who took it in New Lanark in
1827. Hubner had previously called it Prodromana.

Stainton says it “has occurred near Manchester and near
Lanark.’ Meyrick says ‘‘ Cheshire to the Clyde.’’ It would
therefore seem that its occurrence on the east coast is not
generally known. I think it will be found more freely dis-
tributed in our counties than appears at present.

HYPERMECIA, Gner.

4. Hypermecia augustana, Hub.

Hypermecia augustana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 191.
55 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 16.
Enarmonia cruciana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 478.

5. Hypermecia cruciana, Linn. See below.

There has been considerable confusion between these two
species, making it rather difficult to give intelligible references
to each. Meyrick increases the difficulty by giving Augustana
as amere synonym. The facts appear to be as follows.

Cruciana is a common insect in Britain, and was well known
to collectors under the name Augustana. The error was not
detected until 1866, when Lord Walsingham (then the Hon.
Thomas de Grey), took a single specimen of the true Augustana
at High Force, Durham. This he sent to Mr. Doubleday, who
pronounced it to be the Augustana of Hubner, new to Britain,
and that the insect hitherto known as Augustana was the
Cruciana of Linneus. Cruciana had already been appended
to that of Augustana with a ? as a doubtful synonym. The
species was introduced to the British list in the Ent. Mo. Mag.

44 : CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

for March, 1869 (vol. v., p. 251), and also in the Ent. Annual
for 1870 (p. 141). In this record reference to the first announce-
ment is given as ‘Ent. Mo., vi., 251,” instead of ‘‘ Ent. Mo.
Mag., v., 251.”

In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for 1872 (vol. ix., p. 125), Mr. Barrett
carefully differentiated the two species, pointing out a structural
difference in the narrowness of the wings of Augustana, towards
the apex, as well as the difference in markings.

The occurrence of the two insects in these counties, so far as
I know it, is as under.

Aveustana, Hub. First taken at High Force, Upper Teesdale,
in 1866, by Lord Walsingham. Taken there by Mr. Sang in
1877 and 1878, and near Darlington later. We have also
taken it about Hartlepool, and it is probably generally
common.

Crucrana, Linn. Mr. Finlay took this commonly at Throp-
hill Moor. Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions for
1875 (p. 281), but he gave no locality. Mr. Backhouse took it
at Shotley. Mr. Sang found it at Castle Eden in 1853, and
again in 1860. We find it common about sallows in Hezleden
Dene.

It must be remembered that it is always possible that records
prior to 18€6 may be of Augustana.

EULIA, Hub.
6. Eulia ministrana, Linn.

Eulia ministrana, Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 192.
Bs 55 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 17.
LOGIE ee Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 536.

Probably in all woods of both counties. Mr. Finlay found it
common in those where he collected. Mr. Henderson took it in
Jesmond Dene, and Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875 (p. 281), but gave no locality. Mr. Wailes took it at
Gibside nearly seventy years ago (see Stephens’ Illustrations,
vol, iv., p. 144), Mr. Backhouse got it in Hoffall Wood, near

|
|
;
4
q
2
a
q
7

eo

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 45

Durham, and at Rockwell, Darlington. It is very common
both in Castle Eden and Hezleden Denes. It flies freely before
dusk, early in June, and sometimes rests on trees, sitting with
its wings roof-like, a mode of resting in which it differs from
the genus TYortriz, in which Doubleday and Meyrick have
placed it. Wilkinson says, ‘‘Scotch specimens are mostly
darker than the southern ones, constituting the var. Z..
subfasciana. . ferruginea is an extension of the same variety,
but darker and more evenly coloured.” I have taken both
these varieties in Hezleden Dene.

BRACHYTAENTIA.
7. Brachytzenia semifasciana, Haw.

Brachytenia semifasciana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 192.
i 6 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 19.
Encosma ue Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p.461.

Rather a local species, but occurring in both counties. Mr.
Finlay found it in Meldon Park, but it was always scarce.
Mr. Sang beat it out of sallows in Castle Eden Dene, 17th July,
1853. It is sure to occur elsewhere.

ANTITHESIA, Steph.
8. Antithesia corticana, Hub.

Antithesia corticana. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 193.
a . Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 21.
Encosma F Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 461.

This is the Pzeana of Doubleday’s list. It is rather a local
species, but not uncommon where it occurs. Mr. Finlay found
it plentiful in Old Park, Netherwitton. Mr. Sang got it at
Castle Eden Dene on 12th July, 1857, and larve there on 8rd
June, 1860, and near Darlington on 20th August, 1859. It
also occurs at Edder Acres, near Hartlepool, on birch trunks,
not uncommonly. The larva feeds on birch.

46 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

9. A. betuletana, Haw.

Antithesia betuletana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 193.
-; 99 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 22.
Encosma a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 461.

Generally common on birch, but I have no records except
that Mr. Backhouse took it in Hoffall Wood, near Durham, and
we get it in Hezleden Dene, where it is quite plentiful. Mr.
Sang probably found it too common to be worth entering in his
diary.

10. A. preelongana, Gner.

Antithesia prelongana. Staint. Man., vol. ii.. p. 194.
50 5 Wilk. Rrit. Tort., p. 24.
Encosma sororculana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 462.

A local species, not generally common. In Northumberland
Mr. Finlay found it at the Old Park, Netherwitton, where it
was rather plentiful. In Durham Mr. Pattison found it at
Chopwell, Mr. Sang recorded it for Castle Eden Dene in 1858,
near Darlington in 1859, in Upper Teesdale in 1870, and at
Wolsingham in 1873 and down to 1882. We also take it in
Hezleden Dene.

11. A. cynosbatella, Linn.

Antithesia cynosbatella. Staint. Man, vol. ii., p. 194.
5 a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 26.
_ Encosma variegana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 462.

Generally a common species, and plentiful in most places.
It is in the Twizell list. Mr. Finlay found it generally dis-
tributed and common. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Trans-
actions for 1875 (p. 281). Mr. Backhouse took it at Jesmond
Dene, Newcastle, and at Hoffall Wood, near Durham. It is
common in Hezleden Dene, and no doubt in all the woods of
both counties. Mr. Sang did not enter it in his diary.

ee ee ee er ee

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 47

12, A. pruniana, Hub.

Antithesia pruniana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 194.
is - Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 27.
Encosma ¢ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 463.

The larva of this insect feeds on sloe, and the insect is no
doubt common everywhere. Mr. Finlay found it not at all
scarce in the Old Park, Netherwitton. It is recorded by Mr.
Maling in the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281). It is common
around Hartlepool, and Mr. Gardner has taken it in Hezleden
Dene. .

13. A. dimidiana, Tr.

Antithesia dimidiana. Staint. Man.. vol. ii., p. 195.
- - Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 28.
Encosma » | Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 464.

Confined to places where the food plant, bog myrtle (Myrica
gale) is found—the boggy moors that lie chiefly in the west of
the counties. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for
1875 (vol. v.), but without locality. He collected much on
Newbiggin Moor and in the neighbourhood of Hexham. Mr.
Sang found it at Wolsingham, and it is certain to occur on
the Teesdale moors, when looked for at the proper time.

14. A. marginana, Haw.

Antithesia marginana, Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 195.
33 5 Wik. Brit. Tort., p. 29.
Encosma oblongana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 463.

The. larva of this insect feeds in the seed heads of teazle
(Stachys betonica), and other plants of that kind. It is rather
a local species, but very widely distributed. So far it is only
recorded from the neighbourhood of Darlington by Mr. Sang,
who took it at boggy places on the Tees side; and by Mr.
Backhouse who found it at Shull.

48 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

15. A. palustrana, Zell.
Encosma palustrana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 466.

This is a new introduction, and Meyrick confines it to
Scotland, ‘Scotland to Ross,” but Mr. Gardner took it in
Upper Teesdale in 1897, and again in 1898, and it is certain to
occur in Upper Weardale and along the high land to the
Cheviots in Northumberland.

PENTHINA, Treit.
16. Penthina salicella, Linn.

Penthina salicella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 196.
ae i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 35,
Encosma i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 460.

This would seem to be a southern-species. Stainton says
‘‘Not rare in the South of England.” Wilkinson says it
‘appears in June, July, and August among Sallows and
Willows in the Metropolitan district, and the south and west
of England.” Meyrick says ‘‘ England to York.’’ Mr, Sang,
however, took the insect in the neighbourhood of Darlington,
and he subsequently found larve in leaves of Sala alba and
reared the moth. I have no other records. We never found it

near Hartlepool.

DICHELIA, Gner,
17. Dichelia grotiana, Fab.

Dichelia grotiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 197.
55 A Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 39.
Epagoge _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 527.

Mr. Backhouse took this in Hoffall Wood near Durham. It
is a local insect, but widely distributed in the south. Meyrick
limits its range to York,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 49

CLEPSIS, Guen.

18. Clepsis rusticana, Tr.

Clepsis rusticana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 197.
3 eae Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 41.
Tortria ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 538.

This should not be a very rare species on boggy moors, and
places where Myrica gale grows, but I have only one notice
from each county. Mr. Maling reports in the Transactions,
vol. v., p. 281, without locality, but almost certainly from
Northumberland. Mr. Sang got it at Eggleston in June, 1881,
having found larvee there the previous month.

TORTRIX, Linn.

19. Tortrix icterana, Frol.

Tortriz icterana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 198.
ie 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 43.
» paleana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 537.

Very generally distributed throughout both counties, though
it does not appear very plentiful anywhere. The larva feeds
on any low plant, but seems to prefer plantain and Centaurea,
folding back the leaves. Mr. Finlay found it in most places
around Morpeth. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875 (vol. v., p. 281). Mr. Sang took it around Darlington,
and found larve on the railway banks. It is common about
Hartlepool. I think I have found it most frequently on the
railway embankment.

20. T. viburnana, W.V.

Tortriz viburnana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 198.
i ‘8 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 44.
» viburniana, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 587.

This species is very abundant on the moors of Northumber-
land, and of Durham also, though I have no records from
Weardale, Mr. Wailes reported it for Meldon Park in Stephens’

D

50 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Illustrations (vol. iv., p. 69); Mr. Finlay found it on the moors
generally. I have taken it myself on Greenleighton Moor, and
the Rev. B. Harvey-Jellie took it at Shaften Moor in 1902.
Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281).
It is recorded for Darlington in a report of the Entomological
Society as taken on 3rd September, 1890. This is a very late
date, and the record must surely refer to some of the western
moors, Darlington itself being a most unlikely place. Sang
took the species at Eggleston in June, 1879, but Eggleston
is in Upper Teesdale.

21. T. viridana, Linn.
Tortrix viridana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 198.
5 Me Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 44.
. Pes Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 537.

A common insect in woods, sometimes much too common, the
larvee becoming quite destructive in their ravages. I have seen
the oaks in Hezleden Dene entirely stripped of their leaves by
their ravages. It is recorded in the Twizell list; Mr. Finlay
found it very general in the Morpeth district, Mr. Maling (with-
out specified locality) recorded it in the Transactions for 1875
(p. 281), Mr. Henderson found it at Jesmond, and Mr. Wailes
recorded it nearly seventy years ago from Gibside (see Step.
Illus., vol. iv., p. 69). Mr. Pattison got it at Chopwell in the
same district, and it appears in every little wood in the county
where oak grows, as noted years ago by Mr. Backhouse.

22. T. Forsterana, Fab.

Tortric Forsterana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 199.
Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 45.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 538.

A common insect in the south of England according to
Stainton, and I think it ought to be common here also, but I
have no records for Northumberland at all, and only for the

9) 99

9 9)

southern portion of Durham. It is scarce in Hezleden Dene,
Mr. Gardner has bred it from larve found at Barnard Castle,
and Mr, Sang took it long ago at Harewood Grove, near

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 51

Darlington. Meyrick states that the insect reaches Ross in
Scotland, it cannot be therefore that we are on the verge of its
range, and I fully expect many additional habitats will be
found.

23. T. heparana, W.V.
Tortrix heparana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 199.
a aA Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 47.
Pandemis ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 533.

Generally a common insect, and no doubt occurring all over
both counties. It was recorded for Newcastle as far back as
1834 by Mr. George Wailes (see Steph. Illust., Haust., vol. iv.,
p- 71). Mr. Finlay found it plentiful all around Morpeth.
Mr. Backhouse bred it from larve found on pear in his garden
at Darlington; Mr. Sang also took it in Cockerton lane there.
We get it in Hezleden Dene.

24. T.ribeana, Hb.
Tortriz ribeana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 199.
5 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 48.
Pandemis ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 533.

Another common species, occurring almost everywhere,
especially in gardens. Mr. Finlay found it generally dis-
tributed and common in his district. Mr. Maling recorded it
in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281, and Mr. Henderson got it
in Jesmond Dene. I have no records for Durham, but the
insect is common in gardens at Hezleden, and certainly occurs
all over the country. Mr. Backhouse took a variety of it by a
plantation hedge at Shotley—a form which Stephens considered
distinct, and called Grossulariana.

25. T, cinnamoneana, Tr.
Tortrix cinnamoneana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 199.
+ a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 49.
Pandemis fs Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 534.

This is not a common species by any means, and though
Meyrick limits its range to York, it occurs in South Durham,

52 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

and has been taken on Coniscliffe Moor, and at Elders, both
near Darlington, by the late J. Sang. No one else appears to

have met with it. The larva is a tree feeder, on larch, birch,
&e.

26. T.corylana, Fab.

Tortrix corylana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 200.
- dp Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 50.
Pandemis ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 533.
Rather a common insect, and very generally distributed. It
is in the Twizell list; Mr. Finlay found it generally; and Mr.
Maling recorded it in the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281); Mr.
Henderson also found it at Jesmond. In Durham it is equally

common, and appears to occur in and about all the woods and
denes.

PLECATA.
LOZOTENIA, Steph.
27. Lozotezenia sorbiana, Hb.

Lozotenia sorbiana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 202.
95 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 55.
Cacoecia ss - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 531..
Rather a southern species, indeed Meyrick limits its range to
York, but it reaches the southern extremity of Durham, having
been taken in 1880 by Mr. Sang at Hell Kettles, near Darling-

ton, and two years later he met with it at Wolsingham, high
up in Weardale.

28. L.musculana, Hub.

Lozotenia musculana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 202.
‘3 a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 56.
Cacoecia Fe Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 532.

A common species generally, and occurring everywhere.
The larva feeds on bramble, a universally distributed hedge
plant. I do not give localities, as it is in all the lists,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 53

29. L. latiorana, Stainton.

Lozotenia latiorana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 202.
a “5 Walk. Brit. Tort., p. 57:
Cacoecia costana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 531.

Meyrick is probably right for once when he follows Double-
day in merging this with the next species as a mere variety.
It was introduced as British in the Entomologist’s Annual for
1857, p. 100 (Wilkinson says 1837, but that is evidently a
misprint). It has been taken at most or all of the places where
Costana occurs, and is undoubtedly a mere variety of that
insect. I give it separately because Stainton does.

30. L,. costana, Fab.

Lczotenia costana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 202.
5 RA Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 58.
Cacoecia . ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 531.

Costana is rather a common marsh insect. It has been met
with on Newbiggin Moor by Mr. Maling. In Durham at Hell
Kettles, Darlington, by Mr. Sang, and on Greatham marsh by
Mr. Gardner, who has taken it this year (1904) at a pond at
Thorp Bulmer. I do not understand why Mr. Finlay never
met with it, and think some of the Newcastle collectors should
find many fresh localities for it in Northumberland.

31. L, unifasciana, Dup.

Lozotenia unifasciana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 208.
es Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 59.
Cacoecia i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 532.

The smallest of the genus, and generally common where
there is plenty of privet. It is recorded by Mr. Maling in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 281. Mr. Sang found it about
Darlington. We find it abundant in Hezleden Dene,

04 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

32. L,. fulvana, W.V.

Lozotenia fulvana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 203.
5 + Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 60.
Cacoecia podana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 530.

Generally distributed and common in both counties. The
larva feeds on a variety of trees and shrubs, and the insect is in
all the lists. This is the Pyrastrana, Hub., of Doubleday’s
catalogue.

33. L. roborana, Hub.

| Lozotena roborana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 208.
Me 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 61.
Cacoecia crategana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 530.

Rather a common species generally, but very rare with us.
Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281,
but without locality, which is rather unfortunate when I have
no other record. I have little doubt, however, that he took it
in Northumberland. I met with it at Hartlepool in 1884, but
have not taken it again. I have no other records. Meyrick
limits its range to York.

34, L, xylosteana, Linn.

Lozotema xylosteana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 203.
5% - Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 62.
Cacoecia *§ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 530.
A generally distributed species, occurring on oak, beech, elm,
honey-suckle, and quite a variety of trees. Mr. Finlay found
it not at all uncommon around Meldon; Mr. Maling and Mr.
Patterson both record it, but without localities. In Durham
Mr. Sang took it in Castle Eden Dene, &c., and Mr. Gardner
and I have found it fairly common in Hezleden Dene. It is
probably to be found in all woods and denes in both counties.

35. L. rosana, Linn.
Lozotenia rosana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 204.
3 4 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 63.
Cacoecia A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 531

CATALOGUE OF MOViis. fY5)

A very common species, occurring everywhere. It is in the
Twizell list as ZLozotenia levignana. It is recorded for
‘‘Neweastle, &c.,”’ by Wailes, in Stephens’ Illustrations,
vol. iv., p. 76. Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875. Mr. Finlay found it plentiful in Meldon Park and
elsewhere. In Durham I have few records, but it has been
plentiful wherever I have collected. The larva feeds on almost
everything (not low plants), so that it has no difficulty with
food. Two varieties, which Stephens considered distinct, are
recorded by Mr. Backhouse—Levignana, which he took in a
garden at Newcastle and also at Hoffall Wood; the other,
Nebulana, was taken at Shotley, and bred from apricot and

currants.
DITULA, Steph.

36. Ditula angustiorana, Haw.

Ditula angustiorana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 204.
oF 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 65.
Capua Be Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 528.

This is generally an abundant species, but I only have one
record from each county ; Longhirst, Morpeth, by Mr. Finlay ;
and Harewood Grove, Darlington, by Mr. Sang. The larva
feeds on any tree, but is especially attached to fruit trees. The
moth is certain to occur almost everywhere.

PTYCHOLOMA, Leach.
37. Ptycholoma lecheana, Linn.

Piycholoma lecheana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 205.
f, % Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 67.
Cacoecia ie Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.. p. 582.

A common species generally, appearing in all woods and
denes at the end of June or in July. It is recorded already in
the Transactions for 1875, and is in all the lists I have received,
It is therefore unnecessary to give localities,

56 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

NOTOCELIA, Hub.

88. Notocelia udmanniana, Linn.

Notocelia udmanniana. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 205.
< 55 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 69.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 488.

This is generally common among bramble, and I ought to

9 39

have more records than have reached me. The only Northum-
brian capture appears to be that of Mr. Maling’s recorded in
the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281). Mr. Backhouse took it at
Hoffall Wood near Durham, and we get it about Hartlepool.

PARDIA, Gner.

39. Pardia tripunctana, Fab.

Pardia tripunctana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 205.
- = Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 70.
Epiblema _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 492.

A generally abundant species, swarming in gardens, and by
hedge sides. It is in all the lists, and occurs wherever there is

rose.
SPILONOTA, Steph.

40. Spilonota roborana, Tr.

Spilonota roborana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 206.
49 99 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 71.
Notocelia Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 489.
An insect generally common on rose, and no doubt occurring

throughout both counties, but I have found no notice of its
appearance except that we take it around Hartlepool.

41. S, roscecolana, Dbld.
Spilonota rosecolana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 206.
B 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 72.
Notocelia A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 488.
I have no Northumberland records for this species, which
does not appear to be very common. Mr. Sang enters it once

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 57

only in his Diary, 12th July, 1871, when he met with it near
Darlington. At Hartlepool Mr. Gardner has taken two only.
I never met with it myself.

42. S. trimaculana, Haw.

Spilonota trimaculana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 206.
ts Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 73.
Notocelia 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 489.

Common in both counties. Mr. Finlay found it generally
distributed and plentiful in the Morpeth district. Mr. Maling
recorded it in the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281). In Durham .
it is found in all woods and denes. Mr. Backhouse got it long
~ ago in Hoffall Wood. Mr. Gardner says it sits on elm trunks.
It is common in Hezleden Dene.

43. S. amoenana, Hub.

Spilonota amenana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 206.
is 45 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 74.
Notocelia incarnitana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 489.

A local species in England, and here apparently occurring
only on the Durham coast among Rosa spinosissima. Mr. Sang
took it at Castle Eden Dene and at Black Hall Rocks. It
occurs also in the Cemetery close to the town, and on the rail-
way embankment near, and probably on all the coast sandhills.
I have no knowledge of it beyond Castle Eden Dene mouth,
and it seems doubtful if it reach the Northumbrian coast.

LITHOGRAPHIA, Steph.

44, Lithographia campoliliana, Don.

Lithographia campoliliana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 207.
“6 op Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 76.
Epiblema subocellana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit, Lep., p.492.

An insect of general distribution. The larva feeds on willow,
and the species occurs wherever there is willow. In these
counties it appears everywhere, and it seems unnecessary to
give localities.

58 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

45. L, cinerana, Haw.

Lithographia cinerana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 207
5 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 77.
Epiblema nisana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 493.

Both Wilkinson and Stainton consider this distinct, Meyrick
gives it as a mere synonym of the next species. Wilkinson
says ‘‘it is very like the grey specimens of Z. nisella, but
always wants the coloured blotch on the dorsal margin; it is
also larger in size.”’ I give it separate because Stainton does.
WNisella is a very variable insect with many named forms, and
. there is little doubt that Cinerana is one of them. It has been
noticed at Coal Law Wood by Mr. Finlay, who found it not
uncommon in July, and also in plantations at Darlington by
Mr. Backhouse.

46. L. nisella, Cl.

Inthographia nisella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 207.
a 5) Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 78.
Epiblema : Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 493.
Commoner than the last, whether it be species or variety.
Mr. Finlay found this plentiful in Coal Law Wood; Mr. Maling
also recorded it in the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281). Mr.
Sang took it in several places around Darlington. It is common
in Hezleden Dene, and Mr. Gardner has reared it from larve in
sallow catkins. It will be found in all suitable places.

47. L,. penkleriana, F. R.

LInthographia penklerrana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 207.
” » Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 78.

Fipiblema . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 492.

To be found everywhere among alder and hazel.

PHLAODES, Guen.
48 Phleeodes tetraquetrana, Haw.

_ Phile@odes tetraquetrana. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 207.
iM ay, Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 80.
Epiblema 9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 494.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 59

A very abundant species among birch and alder, to be found
wherever these may be, over the whole of both counties. In
all the lists except Mr. Sang’s, who doubtless thought it too
common to enter.

49. P. crenana, Hub.

Phleodes crenana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 208.
Ap 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 83.
Epiblema ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 493.

A scarce and local species. In the ‘‘ Manual” it was only
supposed to have been taken at Scarborough, but it has been
found in several places since then, and Mr. Sang took it at
Waskerley in April in various years from 1858 to 1873.

P4EDISCA, Tr.
50. Peedisca piceana, Haw.

Pedisca piceana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 208.
3 x Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 85.
Epiblema semifuscana. Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 498.

An insect that frequents willows in marshy places. Mr.
Finlay met with it in such places to the west of Netherwitton.
Mr. Sang took it at Wolsingham in August, 1877, and found
larve at High Force in June the following year. Mr. Gardner
tells me it is abundant about willows near ponds at Thorp
Bulmer near Hartlepool.

51. BP. stabilana, Steph.

Pedisca stabilana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 209.
i ‘ Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 86.
Epiblema sordidana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 498.

Rather a scarce species. Wilkinson gives no habitat for it;
Stainton only Whitlesea Mere. Meyrick on the other hand
says ‘‘England to York,’ but knows nothing of the larva,

60 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Sang took the insect first at Hell Kettles near Darlington, on
8th October, 1879. Next year he found the larve there on
17th June, and on 29th September he again took the perfect
insect. I have no other record.

52. P. solandriana, Linn.

Pedisca solandriana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 209.
Dp 30 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 86.
Epiblema 93 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 497.

An abundant insect everywhere. The larva feeds on many
trees, but appears to have a preference for birch, and wherever
there is plenty, Solandriana is common. Mr. Finlay says
abundant among birch in July and August. Mr. Maling also
recorded it in the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281). Sang found
it at High Force in July, 1873, and elsewhere. It is abundant
in Hezleden and Castle Eden Denes, and at Edder Acres, near
Thornley.

53. P. opthalmicana, Hub.

Pedisca opthalmicana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 209.
as Me Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 87.
Epiblema 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 497.

Rather a local species, and commoner in the south than the
north. Meyrick indeed limits its range to York, but that is far
wrong, for Mr. Finlay found it among poplars on Needless Hall
Moor. Mr. Sang found it in Castle Eden Dene in September,
1862. He afterwards showed me the place, a group of black
poplars, not very far from the mouth of the dene. We took a
good many of the moths flying round the trees in the afternoon
sun. Meyrick gives aspen as the food (Populus tremula), but
they certainly fed on Populus nigra in Castle Eden Dene. Mr.
Gardner subsequently bred it from larve found on the same
tree nearer Hartlepool.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 61

CATOPTRIA, Guen.
54. Catoptria fulvana, Steph.

Catoptria fulvana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 210.
53 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 89.
Epiblema ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 498.

An insect generally common, though not so plentiful as
Scopoliana or Hohenworthiana. It is abundant in Hezleden
Dene, and probably not entered by Mr. Sang because it was so
common. Yet I have no record for Northumberland, where it
is certain to occur.

55. C. hohenworthiata, W.V.

Catoptria hohenworthiata. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 210.
i i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 90.
Epiblema cana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 499.

Generally common where it occurs. It is recorded by Mr.
Maling (without locality) in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281.
Mr. Finlay found it generally distributed and fairly plentiful in
the Morpeth district. In Durham Mr. Sang got it at Castle
Eden Dene, and we find it in Hezleden Dene, at Black Hall
Rocks, Hartlepool, and elsewhere. The larva feeds on thistle
seeds, and may be found pretty nearly everywhere. The
nomenclature of this and Scopoliana is much mixed.

56. C. scopcliana, Haw.

Catoptria scopoliana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 210.
a 35 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 88.
Epiblema F Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 499.

A generally distributed insect, not very uncommon. It has
been taken in both these counties, though I find but few
records. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for 1875,
p- 81. We get it commonly among thistles around Hartlepool.

62 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS

57. CG expallidana, Haw.

Catoptria expallidana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 210.
s 5A Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 92.
Epiblema Ps Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 498.

The larva of this insect feeds in the seed heads of sow thistle
(Sonchus arvensis), and Stainton says it appears to frequent
marshy places. The only records I have of its appearance are
that Sang took it in 1860 at gas lamps at Darlington, and on
the railway side there in 1873. It is a very local species.

HALONOTA, Steph.

58. Halonota bimaculana, Don.

Halonota bimaculana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 211.
a a) Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 93.
Epiblema similana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 495.

Stainton says this is widely distributed but not common.
That appears to be its character here. Mr. Finlay took it at
Buckshaw, but it was never plentiful. Mr. Maling recorded it
in the Transactions for 1875 (p. 281). Mr. Sang got it near
Darlington in 1872, and at High Force, Upper Teesdale, in
1874. Mr. Gardner has taken it at Cole Hill, and we have met
with it in Hezleden Dene among birches.

59. H. trigeminana, Steph.

Halonota trigeminana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 211.
Ap 50 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 94.
Epiblema 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 495.

Of this species also Stainton says it is widely distributed but
not common. Here it has been recorded in the Twizell list—
one of the few Tortrices therein. That is North-East Northum-
berland. Mr. Sang took it in 1854 at Seaton Carew. That is
South-East Durham. Except these two records at the extremes
of our area, I have no knowledge of its appearance,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 63

60. H. cirsiana, Zell.

Halonota cirsiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 211.
fs . Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 95.
Epiblema pflugiana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 495.

Widely distributed, and probably occurring all over the
district. Mr. Finlay found it on Needless Hall Moor, but
never plentiful. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875 (p. 281). We find it commonly about thistles and
Centaurea round Hartlepool. The insect flies in June and July,
and will be found when looked for about the food plant. The
larva feeds in the stems, and is not very easy to rear.

61. H. scutulana, W.V.

Halonota scutulana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 212.
re e Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 96.
Fipiblema pflugiana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 495.

Perhaps only a large form of the preceding species. Neither
Stainton nor Wilkinson differentiate them other than by size.
Their habits and food are the same, and Wilkinson says the
larve can only be distinguished by size, and the imagines
appear at the same time. Yet Mr. Gardner holds they are very
distinct, and says Seutwlana is an inhabitant of woods only, and
Cirsiana of fields and lanes. Merrin, it may be noticed, says
Cirsiana occurs in lanes. Finlay records Pflugiana as generally
distributed and not uncommon, and Cirsiana he found in one
place only, and not plentiful. Both occur here at Hartlepool,
but others must decide whether there is one species or two.

62. H. grandzvana, Zell.
Epiblema grandevana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p- 496.

This appears to be confined to the county of Durham. It
was introduced as a British species by the late Christopher
Eales from .examples taken at South Shields. Mr. Gardner
found a specimen in a box of unnamed small things taken at
Hartlepool, and we made a special search for the insect and

64 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

discovered it in some numbers on loose ground among coltsfoot
near the Cemetery. The habit appeared to be to emerge about
dusk, fly a few minutes, and then settle on the upper side of the
coltsfoot leaves. That particular ground is now washed away,
but the insect still occurs in smaller numbers. Meyrick says
the larva feeds ‘‘in roots of Tusselago and Petasites.”” This is
scarcely correct. The larva forms a silken tube by the side of
the root, and feeds on the root, not in it.

63. H. brunnichiana, W.V,

Halonota brunnichiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 212.
5 5 Wilk. Brit Tort., p. 98.
Epiblema .; ~ Meyr. Hidbk. Brit. Lep., p. 496.

Generally distributed throughout the district, and plentiful
wherever there is a regular growth of coltsfoot on rather loose
‘ground. It is not necessary to give localities. Some years ago
I found it very abundant in a disused quarry in Hezleden Dene,
and quite a large number were without the white spot on the
forewing, that is characteristic of the species; there were also
many intermediate forms, with the spot smaller, or darker in
hue. Those entirely without the spot were exceedingly curious,
and very difficult to name without the intermediate forms. The
coltsfoot is now destroyed there, and both species and variety
have disappeared.

64. H. tetragonana, Steph.

Halonota tetragonana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p, 212.
3 - Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 99.
Notocelia “5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 489.

Rather a local species, and apparently not reaching Scotland.
I have no record of it for Northumberland nor North Durham,
and the paucity of records makes it undesirable to draw positive
conclusions. It occurs at Wolsingham, Upper Weardale, and
at Coniscliffe Moor, Teesdale; and Mr, Sang, who met with it
at these places, found it regularly around Darlington, and bred

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 65

it there. It is not uncommon in Hezleden Dene, and Mr.
Gardner bred one from Lotus corniculatus, on which it had
probably fallen from rose, on which the larva undoubtedly
feeds. Wilkinson says ‘‘larvee under moss on beech trees,”’
which is certainly wrong.

65. H. turbidana, Tr.

Falonota turbidana. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 212.
a a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 99.
Epiblema 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 496.

A very local species, feeding certainly on Petasites. Mr.
Sang met with the insect at Coniscliffe Moor, on the Teeside,
and at Blackwell in 1878 and 1880. Mr. Gardner searched for
this species for three years at Greatham without success, but
he found it at last, and took two specimens on 6th July, 1904,
among Petasites. One of them was in beautiful condition.

66. H. inopiana, Haw.
Halonota inopiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 213.
es 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 100.
Hysterosia _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 559.

A southern and western species, whose range extends to
York, according to Meyrick. Mr. Sang took it at Seaton
Carew on 28rd July, 1854. I have no other record. It should
be looked for among Inula dysenterica, on which the larva feeds.
Meyrick says it feeds on the roots of Artemisia campestris, but
this is a sad mistake, for which, Mr. Barrett tells me, Baron von
Nolcken was responsible.

67. H. foenella, Linn.
Halonota fenella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 213.
e a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 101.
re Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 496.

A southern species, limited in range by Meyrick to Kent, to
Hants, and Norfolk. Both Mr. Gardner and I have taken it in
Hezleden Dene. I only took it once; I believe Mr. Gardner

has met with more than one.
E

66 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

DICHRORAMPHA, Guen.

68. Dichrorampha petiverella, Linn.

Dichrorampha petwerella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 213.
‘ . Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 103.
Hemimene i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p.501.

Generally a common species, but not recorded for Northum-
berland, and Durham may be its northern limit on the east
coast. Meyrick says it reaches the Caledonian Canal on the
west. Mr. Backhouse took it on ling at Shull. It is very
common about Hartlepool and Darlington, but I have no other
records. The larva feeds on roots of yarrow and Zanacetum.

69. D. politana, W.vV.

Dichrorampha politana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 214.
As as Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 104.
Hemimene alpinana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 501.

Rather a common species generally, and reaching the
Caledonian Canal on the west. Here it has only been taken
in Teesdale by Mr. Sang on 16th May, 1880, and by Mr.
Gardner more recently, who found it common on the Teesdale
moors. Like the last this may be its northern limit on the east
side of the island. Meyrick limits its range to York.

70. D. alpinana, Tr.

Dichrorampha alpinana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 214.
pe 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 105.
Hemimene quastionana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit: Lep., p. 501.
A local species, occurring amongst tansy. Meyrick limits its
range to York, but Mr. Sang took it on the Teeside at Conis-
cliffe. I have no other record, but it may occur elsewhere.

71. D. herbosana, Barrett.

This species was first described by Mr. Barrett, in the
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. ix., p..27, from speci-
mens taken by ‘‘ the Rev. H. Burney, and by Mr. J. Sang, who

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 67

takes them on grassy slopes near Darlington.” Mr. Sang
found it first at Coniscliffe, flying in the afternoon sun. He
subsequently found it on the railway side at Darlington. Mr.
Gardner has taken it in his garden at Middle Thorp, and has
met with it also in Upper Teesdale. I have seen it flying in
the afternoon sun near Fill-poke, the adjoining farm to Middle
Thorp. Mr. Meyrick gives Herbosana as a synonym of
Tanaceti, a doubtful species at best, and certainly not
Herbosana. .

72. D. plumbagana, Tr.
Dichrorampha plumbagana. Staint. Man., vol. iL, p. 215. )

4 Walk-e Brite lonteapa lO.
Hemimene ‘5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 5038:

Though Meyrick calls this a very common species, it is only

common locally. Here I have no records except for Hartle-
pool, and only Mr. Gardner has met with it.

73. D. acuminitana, Zell.

—— Dichrorampha acuminitana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 215.

" 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 108.
Hemamene nes Meyr. Hdbk. Brit.:Lep.,
: Pepe oo:

A widely distributed species, but local. The larva feeds in
the roots of tansy and chrysanthemum, and the insect might
occur anywhere. I donot see why the insect is not reported
from Northumberland, but at present I have no records’ except
that Mr. Sang took it on Coniscliffe Moor, and near Darlington,
and Mr. Gardner‘ ha’ met with it near Hart Station.

74, D.consortana, Wilk.
Dichrorampha consortana. Staint. Man,, vol. ui., p. 215.
oe es Walk Brita hort: pselO 97m
Hemimene a Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p. 502.
Not a common insect, and so far I have no record but that of
Mr. Sang, who took it in several places close to Darlington.
The larva is said to feed in shoots of Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum. )

68 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

COCCYX, Treit.
75. Coccyx distinctana, Wilk.

Coccyx distinctana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 216.
Mi, ae Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 111.
Epiblema ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 494.

First taken at Braithwaite, near Windermere, which at one
time was the only known locality. It has since been taken in
other places, and Mr. Finlay found it on Needless Hall Moor,
but very scarce.

76. C. hyrciniana, Wilk.

Coccyx hyrciniana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 216.
$3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 112.
tedella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 494.

99
Tolerably common among fir trees, but only recorded once in
each county. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for
1875, p. 281; and Mr. Sang took it on Coniscliffe Moor on
June 18th, 1882. Since this was written Mr. Gardner reports
that it is very common in Teesdale among spruce firs.

CAPUA, Steph.
77. Capua ochraceana, Steph.

Capua ochraceana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 216.
- 59 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 113.
favillaceana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 528.

9)

A generally distributed but local species. Mr. Finlay found
it abundant in all parts of his district ; Mr. Maling also recorded
it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281. In Durham I have
fewer records. Possibly Sang thought it too common to enter
in his diary. Mr. Gardner took it at Eggleston, in Upper
Teesdale, the only Durham capture I know of.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 69

CARTELLA, Guen.
78. Cartella bilunana, Haw.

Cartella bilunana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 216.
Ws a Walk. Brit. Tort., p. 114.
Epiblema ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 497.

The larva of this insect feeds in birch catkins, and the species
should be looked for where there is an abundance of that tree.
It is recorded from the Old Park, Netherwitton, by Mr. Finlay,
who found it scarce. It is not common either in Hezleden
Dene, where Mr. Gardner met with it.

HEDYA, Hub.
79. Hedya paykulliana, Fab.

Hedya paykulliana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 219.
6 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 117.
Cydia ramella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 484.

Mr. Finlay never met with this species, though it is not by
any means rare. Mr. Maling, however, recorded it in the Trans-
actions for 1875, p. 281, the only Northumbrian record I have
seen. Mr. Sang found it at Wolsingham, &c., in August, and
Mr. Gardner took it in Hezleden Dene, where it is rather

common.

80. H. ocellana, W.V.

Hedya ocellana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 219.
95 Bf Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 118.
Turetocera ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 476.

Commoner in the south of England than in the north, and
here only taken at the southern extremity of Durham by Mr.
Sang, who took it in July, 1870, at Darlington. Mr. Backhouse
also took an insect which he called Comitana at Darlington in
July, which is doubtless this species.

70 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

81. H,. lariciana, Z.
Hedya lariciana.

This species is not recognised by any of the authorities to
whom I refer. Meyrick names it as a variety of Ocellana, but
it is given as distinct in the ‘‘ Entomologist’’ Catalogue. There
should be no doubt on the subject, for it has narrower fore-
wings than Ocellana, and is smaller in size and darker. Mr.
J. B. Hodgkinson met with it in the west of Northumberland,
and Mr. Sang in the west of Durham on Cotherstone Moor.

82. H. dealbana, Frol.

FHledya dealbana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 219.
ss x Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 120.
Gypsonoma ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 481.

This is another species that Mr. Finlay has not seen, but Mr.
Maling has recorded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281;
Mr. Sang took it in Dinsdale Wood, and in Neasham Lane,
near Darlington. Mr. Gardner has also taken it in Hezleden
Dene, where it is far from common.

83. H. neglectana, Dup.

Hedya neglectana. Staint. Man,, vol. ii., p. 220.
5 = Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 121.
Gypsonoma ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 482.

Certainly not a common species, yet one that ought to occur
in most places in both counties. It has been taken at Meldon
Park by Mr. Finlay, who found it scarce. Mr. Maling too
records the species in the list he published in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 281. I have no Durham records, but it is certain
to be found there, and should be looked for among willow.

84. H, aceriana, Dup.

Hedya aceriana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 220.
56 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 123.
Gypsonoma ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 482.

“CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 71

A very local species, and apparently not occurring in York-
shire, for it is not in Mr. Porritt’s catalogue for that county.
Yet Mr. Sang took it at Darlington in 1860 at gas lamps. It
would appear to frequent poplars.

85. H,. trimaculana, Don.

Hedya trimaculana. Staint. Man., vol. 11, p. 221.
= 2 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 125.
Cydia 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 483.

Not included in the list of Mr. Finlay’s captures, but recorded
for Northumberland by Mr. Maling in the Transactions for 1875,
p- 281. Mr. Pattison also found it at Newcastle. It is a
species generally common among elm, but the only record I
have for it in Durham is from Hezleden Dene, where it is very
abundant. Mr. Gardner has bred it freely from there. ~

STEGANOPTYCHA, Steph.

86. Steganoptycha nevana, Hub.

Steganoptycha nevana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 221.
“fs Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 128.
Eudemis - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 477.

Mr. Finlay found Nevana not uncommon to the west of
Netherwitton in July. Mr. Sang got it at Cockerton, near
Darlington, on July 26th, 1857, and at Castle Eden Dene on
September 25th, 1862. The Castle Eden date appears a very
late one. The larva feeds in the shoots of holly, and I found
it exceedingly abundant in a nursery garden at West Hartle-
pool among young holly trees. It ought to be plentiful in the
west where holly grows freely.

87. S. geminana, Steph.

Steganoptycha geminana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 222.
Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 129.

Meyrick considers this and the preceding insect to be but one
species, That is a matter fur others, it is enough for me that

9) 9

72 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Stainton considered them distinct. Geminana so far has been
recorded only from Wolsingham, where Mr. Sang took it on
15th August, 1877. In regard to its distinctness Wilkinson
says the hind wings are narrower than in Nevana, and also
that the larva feeds on Vaccintum myrtillus.

ANCHYLOPERA, Steph.

88. Anchylopera ramella, Linn.

Anchylopera ramella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 223.
i sy Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 132.
Ancylis lactana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 481.

The only record I have for this rather common species is that
Mr. Finlay was in the habit of taking it occasionally on
Needless Hall Moor in July. It is said to feed on white poplar
(Populus alba).

89. A. mitterbacheriana, W.Y.

Anchylopera mitterbacheriana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 223.

” 45 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 132.
Ancylis S Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 480.

Generally common among oaks, but I have very few records...
For Northumberland Mr. Maling recorded it in 1875 in the
Transactions for that year, p. 281. For Durham Mr. G. Wailes
took it at Gibside. See Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 117.
It is quite certain to occur elsewhere.

90. A, biarcuana, Steph.

Anchylopera brarcuana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 223.
99 3) Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 136.
Ancylis - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 480.
. Widely distributed, but not a very common insect. Mr.

Finlay took it in some numbers on Needless Hall Moor, the
only Northumberland record I have. Mr. Sang took it

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 73

occasionally near Darlington, and Mr. Gardner got it at Winch
Bridge, Upper Teesdale. The larva feeds on sallow (Salix
caprea), according to the books, but Mr. Barrett says dwarf
sallow, and sometimes Salix fusca. I see no reason why it
should not be taken elsewhere in both counties.

91. A. myrtillana, Tr.

Anchylopera myrtiliana. Staint. Man., vol ii., p. 224.
cs is Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 138.
Ancylis “5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 479.
I have no records of the capture of this species, but I am so
certain of its occurrence that I include it here without a
reference.

92. A, lundana, Fab.

Anchylopera lundana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 224.
=; 35 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 138.
Ancylis “3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 478.

This is a pretty but tolerably common species. It is one of
the few Tortrices in the Twizell list. Mr. Finlay found it not
uncommon on Needless Hall Moor. Mr. Maling has also re-
corded it without locality in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281.
Mr. Backhouse took it at South Shields and at Sunderland. I
have taken it at Barnard Castle, and it is always to be found
around Hartlepool. The larva feeds on Vicia, Lathyrus, &e.,
between united leaves. I have also reared it from Trifolium
pratense when breeding Lithocolitis insignitella.

93. A. paludana, Barr.
Anchylopera paludana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 478.

This was separated from Lundana by Mr. Barrett. It is an
insect frequenting swamps and fens, and was taken by Mr.
Sang at Hell Kettles, Darlington, on 22nd and 29th May, 1870.
Meyrick, unaware of these captures, limits it to the fens of
Norfolk and Cambridge.

74 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

94. A. comptana, Frol.

Anchylopera comptana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 225.

5 we Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 141.
Fe Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 479.
A species that appears chiefly on open chalk downs and hills.

Meyrick says it extends to Cheshire, but Mr. Barrett assures
me he knows of no record north of Cambridgeshire. Mr. Sang

Ancylis

records that he took the insect in a lane near Darlington in
1859! It may be so, but it could only be a stray specimen.
I give it here with grave doubts as to its correctness.

95. A. unguicella, Linn.

Anchylopera unguicella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 225.
An ae Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 148.
Ancylis 5. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 479.

Not uncommon among Erica. Mr. Finlay found it freely in
June on Needless Hall Moor. Mr. Sang found it at Wolsing-
ham on 38rd June, 1874, and again on 22nd June, 1878. He
also got it at Eggleston on 11th June, 1881, and found larve
on the Ist June, 1884. Mr. Gardner has also taken it on the
Teesdale moors.

BACTRA, Steph.

96. Bactra lanceolana, Hub.

Bactra lanceolana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 226.
a i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 145.
i 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 456.

An abundant species, well distributed over both counties,
and plentiful everywhere. Mr. Finlay found it ‘ Generally
distributed and very plentiful.’”’? Mr. Maling recorded it in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 281. It is abundant among rushes
in Hezleden Dene and elsewhere. Mr. Scott found it near
Stockton-on-Tees (see KH. W. I., vol. i., p. 164).

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 75

ARGYROTOZA, Steph.

97. Argyrotoza conwayana, Fab.

Argyrotoza conwayana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 227.
*, Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 148.

Tortrix i - Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p. 536.
_ The larva feeds on privet and on ash, and appears to occur
almost everywhere, though not always common. Mr. Finlay,
for instance, found it rather a scarce insect about privet hedges
in Meldon Park; Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 281. In Durham it occurs in most places, and is
very common in Hezleden Dene where privet is abundant and
elsewhere around Hartlepool.

DICTYOPTERYX, Steph.

98. Dictyopteryx contaminana, Hub.

Dictyopteryx contaminana. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 227.
Re 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 150.
Acalla Ms Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p.525.

Common by every hawthorn hedge or bush in both counties.
It is recorded by all whose lists cover the Tortricina, the
earliest notice being that in Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv.,
p. 169, for specimens taken by Mr. Wailes at Gibside.
Practically it occurs everywhere, only the higher moors being
without it.

99. D. loeflingiana, Linn.

Dictyopteryx leflingiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 227.
3 ‘5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 152.
Tortrix i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 537.

A generally distributed species, occurring in most or all”
woods and plantations. Yet Mr. Finlay never took it, but it is
recorded for Northumberland by Mr. Maling in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 281. Mr. Sang took it in Haughton Lane,
Darlington, in 1857, and Mr. Gardner has met with it in
Hezleden Dene, but never very commonly.

76 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

CRESIA, Hub.

100. Croesia bergmanniana, Linn.

Crasia bergmanniana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 228.
% i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 153.
3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 536.

Very common everywhere among rose. Swarming on the

Tortrix

sandhills amongst Rosa spinosissima, equally abundant amongst
dog rose in the hedges, and plentiful in gardens amongst the
standard and climbing roses therein. It begins to fly about
five o’clock in the afternoon in the early part of June, and flits
about leisurely for an hour or so. It is on all the lists sent me.

101. C. forskaleana, Linn.

Cresia forskaleana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 228.
aan + Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 154.
Tortriz i, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 536.

Generally common, and probably occurring wherever the
food plant, maple, grows. Mr. Finlay found it in Meldon
Park ; Mr. Maling also recorded it for Northumberland in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 281. I have no Durham records,
except that both Mr. Gardner and myself have met with it
about Hartlepool.

102. C. holmiana, Linn.

Cresia holmiana. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 228.
y Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 155.
Acalla . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 526.

A common species, and generally well distributed. In
Northumberland, however, I have but one record, that of the
Twizell list. In Durham, in the south of the county, it
appears common. Mr. Backhouse took it at Darlington. Mr.
Sang found it on the Teeside in Cockerton Lane and also at
Seaton Carew. It also occurs near Hartlepool on the railway
side and elsewhere.

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CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 77

HEMEROSIA, Steph.

108. Hemerosia rheediella, Cl.

Hemerosia rheediella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 229.
- a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 157.
Pammene ss Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 506.

Not a scarce insect, the larva feeding on hawthorn and apple.
Mr. Hodgkinson got it in the west of Northumberland, and Mr.
Finlay found it fairly common in Meldon Park. Mr. Back-
house took it at Sunderland; Mr. Sang at Darlington; and
Mr. Gardner at Hartlepool. It probably occurs all over both
counties.

CHEIMATOPHILA, Steph.

104. Cheimatophila mixtana, Hub.

Cheimatophila mixtana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 230.
Be 35 Wilk. Brit. Tort, p. 159.
Acalla 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 523.

Widely distributed in heathy places, and rather common
there. Mr. Finlay found it common on the moors; Mr. Sang
took it both at Waskerley and Wolsingham; and Mr. Gardner
also met with it on the Teesdale moors.

OXYGRAPHA, Hub.

105. Oxygrapha literana, Linn.

Oxygrapha literana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 280.
ae 4 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 160.
Acalla he Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 522.

This is not a common insect, being both local and scarce.
Mr. Finlay found it rare in Meldon Park. Mr. Henderson
found it in Jesmond Dene. In Durham Mr. Sang took it at
Eggleston and near Darlington. I got a single specimen on the
cemetery palings at Hartlepool, and Mr. Gardner got another at
the sea end of Hezleden Dene.

78 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

PERONEA, Curt.

106. Peronea schalleriana, Linn.

Peronea schalleriana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 231.
ah 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort. p. 165.
_ Acalla - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 524.

A common insect, and very generally distributed. Mr.
Finlay reports it so in his district; Mr. Maling recorded it in
the Transactions for 1875, p. 281. In Durham Mr. Wailes
recorded it in Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 159, as. taken
at Gibside; Mr. Backhouse took it at a plantation hedge near
Darlington; Mr. Sang took it at Hell Kettles in 1874, and at.
Aycliffe Station, and in the quarry there in 1879. The larva
feeds on sallow and willow, and the insect will be found
wherever these are at all plentiful.

107. P. comparana, Hub.

Peronea comparana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 282.
art 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 166.
Acalla schalleriana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 524.

A generally distributed species, and common among willows,
on which the larva feeds. Mr. Finlay found it all around
Morpeth, and always plentiful. Mr. Sang took it at Aycliffe
Station, and in the quarry also. It is common in Hezleden
Dene and elsewhere around Hartlepool. Meyrick puts this
and the preceding species together. Stainton and Wilkinson
give them as distinct. oh &, On Lae

108. P, commariana, Z.
‘Acalla commariana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 524.

Mr. Gardner took a single specimen of this insect on the
Teesdale moors. It occurs in Yorkshire and Lancashire, and
the Teesdale moors are a probable place for its occurrence. No
one else has met with it yet. It would appear to have been
introduced to the British list after the issue of Wilkinson’s
and Stainton’s works.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 79

109. P. perplexana.
Acalla perplecana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 524.

Of this comparatively new species Mr. Gardner took two
specimens at Greatham. No localities on the east coast are
quoted by Meyrick north of Norfolk, but he says it extends to
the Clyde on the west.

110. P. tristana, Hub.

Peronea tristana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 282.
-- : Wilk. Brit. Lep., p. 167.
Acalla logiana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 523.

The larva of this feeds on Viburnum lantana and opulus, not
very common plants in these counties. Mr. Wailes records the
insect for Newcastle and Gibside in Stephens’ Illustrations,
yol. iv., p. 157. Mr. Backhouse also took it by a plantation
hedge near Darlington. Stephens’ Plumbosana, a variety of
this species, was taken at Newcastle by Mr. Backhouse from
the garden hedge. These are all old records; I have seen
none more recent.

111. P. rufana, W.V.

Peronea rufana. Staint. Man., vol. l., p. 2382.
by oe Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 168.
Acalla rf Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 522.

A widely distributed insect, but never very common. The
larva is supposed to feed on willow and poplar, but I think it is
a much more general feeder, and will eat rose among other
things. It is scarce at Coal Law Wood, Mr. Finlay writes; he
found larve there in united leaves of sallow. Mr. Wailes
recorded it in Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 155, where it
is called Peronea autumnana, as taken at Gibside. Mr. Sang
found it at Hell Kettles in 1874, and at Castle Eden in 1878.
We find it on the Hartlepool sandhills, and Mr. Gardner has
reared it from Rosa spinosissima; it also occurs about the dog-
rose (Rosa canina). Mr. Barrett tells me it feeds also on
meadow-sweet, gale, sallow, &c.

80 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

112. P. favillaceana, Hub.

Peronea favillaceana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 232.
‘5 uA Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 170.
Acalla sponsana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 522.

A common and generally distributed species. According to
books, the larva feeds on beech, but Mr. Finlay, who was a
most careful and painstaking man, found Sponsana “not un-
common among maple.” Mr. Maling records it, without
locality or other note, in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281.
It is common in Hezleden Dene, but I have no note of the
food. Mr. Barrett tells me the larva is common on hornbeam,
but that is very rare in these counties.

113. P. maccana, Tr.

Peronea maccana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 2338.
7. 5 Walk. Brit. Torts; p. 171.
Acalla 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 528.

This is said to occur in Epping Forest, but it appears to be
rather a north-western species. Meyrick, right for once, says
Lancashire to Ross. The only record I have of its occurrence
here is that Mr. Maling has it in his list in the Transactions for
1875, p. 281. These were taken near Hexham in September,
and confirm Meyrick’s idea of its habitat; Hexham being in the
west of Northumberland.

114. P. hastiana, Linn.

Peronea hastiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 238.
55 iS Walks Brit.) ort. sp. ledle
Acalla is Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 521.

A common and generally distributed species, but I have few
records. Mr. Finlay found it not uncommon at the Old Park,
Netherwitton, where he bred the imsect from larve in the
united leaves of sallow. Mr. Gardner has also bred it from
dwarf sallow at Black Hall Rocks and at Cole Hill Wood, both
near Hartlepool. It probably eccurs in most other places.

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CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 81

115. P. umbrana, Hub.

Peronea umbrana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 233.
5 . Wilk, Brit. Tort., p. 173.
Acalla ss Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 521.

A very local species, and only recorded in Durham by Mr.
Maling, who recorded it in 1875 from Thornley Dene, in the
valley of the Derwent (see Ent. ix., p. 19). Meyrick says
‘‘Lancashire to Northumberland.”’ I have considerable doubt
in including this species. I imagine Meyrick got ‘‘ Northum-
berland’’ from the record in the Entomologist, which is dated
from Newcastle-on-Tyne, and does not say that Thornley is in
Durham. I know Mr. Maling took considerable pains with his
records, but I very much fear there is an error here. Time
will show.

116. P. variegana, W.V.

Peronea variegana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 234.
af 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 175.
Acalla i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 528.

The larva of this insect feeds on whitethorn, blackthorn, and
bramble, and the insect is abundant by every hedge side in
September. It is, as its name implies, a very variable species.
It is in every list, and I need not give localities.

PARAMESIA, Steph.

117. Paramesia aspersana, Hub.

Paramesta aspersana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 235.
3 i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 177.
Acalla <4 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 526.

Generally considered a local species, though abundant where
it occurs. In these counties it appears to be generally dis-
tributed and common. Mr. Finlay found it plentiful in Meldon
Park and elsewhere in his district. Mr Maling recorded it in
the Transactions for 1875, p. 281. Nearly seventy years ago
Mr. Wailes took it at Gibside (see Stephens’ Illustrations,

F

82 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

vol. iv., p. 160). Mr. Sang took it at Castle Eden Dene in
1858, and subsequently at Wolsingham, at High Force, and at
Hell Kettles. Mr. Backhouse took it by a plantation hedge at
Darlington, and also at Shull. It is very common in Hezleden
Dene, and Mr. Gardner has found the larva there on meadow-
sweet.

118. P. ferrugana, W.VY.

Paramesia ferrugana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 235.
5p .; Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 178.
Acalla 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 525.

A common species, and very generally distributed. Mr.
Finlay found it very plentiful in the Old Park, Netherwitton ;
Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281;
and Mr. Henderson took it in Jesmond Dene. In Durham Mr.
Sang took it in Castle Eden Dene; I have taken it in Hezleden
Dene; and Mr. Sang says it is very common in wooded ravines
in Upper Teesdale. I expect it will be found wherever there
is plenty of birch, on which the larva feeds.

119. P, caledoniana, Steph.

Paramesia caledoniana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 235.
- p Wilk. Brit. Tort:, p. 179:
Acalla A Meyr, Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 526.
Common on heaths and moors in both counties. Mr. Finlay
found it abundant on all moors in his district. Mr. Sang found

it year after year at High Force, and Mr. Gardner also reports
it as common on the Teesdale moors.

TERAS, Tr.

120. Teras caudana, Fab.

Teras caudana. Staint. Man, vol. ii., p. 236.
Ne o Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 180.
Rhacodia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 519.

A common species, and very generally distributed among
sallow. Mr. Finlay found it in all parts of his district, and not

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 83

uncommon. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for
1875, p. 281; Mr. Henderson got it in Jesmond Dene. In
Durham I have no records, probably because it is so plentiful.
Mr. Gardner says it is to be found wherever there is sallow.
I have taken it freely both in Castle Eden and Hezleden
Denes.

STIGMONOTIDA.
PC@z:CILOCHROMA, Steph.

121. Poecilochroma corticana.

Pecilochroma corticana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 238.
<5 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 185.
Enarmonia 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 475.

The larva feeds on oak and whitethorn, and the insect occurs
throughout both counties, though I have not many records.
It is given in the list Mr. Maling published in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 281, the only Northumberland notice I have met
with. Mr. Wailes took it at Gibside, and recorded it (as
Communana) in Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 140. Mr.
Backhouse records it from Hoffall Wood (as Communana, the
name used in Stephens), where he says the larva feeds on oak
galls. Mr. Sang got it around Darlington, and Mr. Gardner
has taken it at Edder Acres near Hartlepool.

122. P. Bouchardana, Doub.

Pecilochroma Bouchardana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 288.
sf 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 186.
Enarmoma rubiginosana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p- 4738

The only record I have of this species is that Mr. Finlay
took it on Needless Hall Moor, where it was always scarce.
There is no record of it for Durham. It should be looked for
among fir trees.

84 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

128. P. tenerana, Dup.

Peacilochroma tenerana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 238.
3 - Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 186.
Enarmonia rateburghiana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 475.

Widely distributed, and occurring among fir trees, on which
the larva feeds. Mr. Hodgkinson reported it from the west of
Northumberland; and Mr. Finlay met with it on Needless Hall
Moor, not very uncommonly. Mr. Sang got it at High Force,
on Coniscliffe Moor, and near Darlington, at various dates in
August, down to 1885. A single specimen was taken by Mr.
Gardner in JLezleden Dene in 1899.

124. P. oppressana, Tr.

Pecilochroma oppressana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 239.
oF 5; Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 189.
. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 475.

A very local insect. Fifty years ago only two specimens
were known. Meyrick now gives its distribution as ‘‘ Kent to
Hereford and Norfolk, Westmoreland.” To this I add North-
umberland. Mr. Finlay took it regularly, and not rarely on
Needless Hall Moor.

Enarmonia

ANISOTENIA, Steph.
125, Anisoteenia ulmana, Hub.

Anisotenia ulmana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 239.
5 i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 190.
i ig Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 556.

Not a common species here at all. So far as I know it has
only been taken by Mr. Gardner in Hezleden Dene. It ought
to be much more generally distributed. The larva is said to
feed on folded leaves of Ranunculus ficaria, which abounds
everywhere. I understand however that but a single collector
has found the larva there. Mr. Gardner believes that the larva
feeds on elm (Ul/mus), and that any found on pilewort had
fallen from the tree on which they fed.

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CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 85

SEMASIA, Steph.
126. Semasia populana, Fab.

Semasia populana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 240.
as bs Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 193.
Pammene ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 508.

Not a common species, and, so far, only taken by Mr. Finlay
at Meldon Park, where it was scarce; and at Hartlepool, where
I found larve, and bred the insect in 1884. The larva feeds
on sallow. Meyrick limits its northward range to York.

127. S. Woeberana, W.V.

Semasia weberana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 241.
35 oh Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 195.
Enarmonia weberiana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 476.

The larva of this species feeds under the bark of various
fruit trees, and the insect consequently occurs in gardens and
orchards. Here it has only been noticed by Mr. Maling, who
recorded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281, and by Mr.
Backhouse, who got it in gardens at Darlington.

128. S,. rufillana, Zell.

Semasia rufillana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 241.
55 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 197.
Laspeyresia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 510.

This insect is not recorded for Northumberland. Meyrick
gives York as its northern range, but it occurs generally in
South Durham. Mr. Sang took it in several places around
Darlington, and he also obtained it at Seaton Carew; Mr.
Gardner has met with it at Greatham, and it is not very un-
common at Hartlepool. The larva feeds on the seeds of the
wild carrot (Daucas carota), and it would be interesting if our
Neweastle collectors would gather a bag full of these in autumn.
We would then ascertain if South Durham be the limit of its
range.

86 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

129. S. vacciniana, Zell.

Semasia vaccinana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 242.
= 0 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 198.
Enarmonia _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 474.

The larva of this insect feeds on Vaccinium myrtillus, a
common enough plant in these counties, but the insect itself
has only been taken at Wolsingham by Mr. Sang. A careful
search should give many further localities for it.

EUCELIS, Hub.
130. Eucelis aurana, Fab.

EHucelis aurana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 242.
, % Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 200.
Epinotia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 517.

The larva of this insect feeds on seeds of Heracleum
sphondylium, and the imago sits on the flowers in bright
sunshine, and later in the day on the leaves. I have also seen
it on the wing, or beaten it out of willows where the food plant
was plentiful. It is only recorded for Castle Eden Dene by
Mr. Sang, and about Hartlepool. It is especially common in
Crimdon Cut, a well sheltered place above Hart Station.

EPHIPPIPHORA, Dup.
131. Ephippiphora regiana, Zell.

Ephippiphora regiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 243.
A se Wallkesbrit- Mort... 02s
es Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 508.

This insect is recorded for Northumberland by Mr. Maling in
the Transactions for 1875, p. 281. In Durham I have no
record except that Mr. Sang found it at Eggleston. It is very
common in Hezleden Dene in the larval or pupal state. Near

_ the base of the tree the bark of sycamore cracks and turns up,

Pammene

ae ee Oe ee

a ee ee ee

ee ee

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 87

becoming partly detached. There the larva or pupa may be
found freely. Mr. Gardner holds that the larva feeds on
sycamore seeds, and goes into these places to spin up. I think
this very likely to be so. I have never seen any signs of the
larva feeding there, nor of young larve. What we find appear
to be full grown larve in silken cases, or pupse They are
never free to move about. Though it is so common in this
stage, I never but once saw the imago in the dene at rest on
a tree trunk. Mr. Gardner also, who is in the dene much
more frequently than I am, never saw but one perfect
insect.

132. E. argyrana, Hub.

Ephippwhora argyrana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 2438.
is Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 202.
Pammene wer Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 507,

Rather a common species, occurring in both counties. Mr.
Finlay found it scarce in Meldon Park. Mr. Backhouse took it
at Sunderland, at Tothills, in Castle Eden Dene, and at
Darlington. Mr. Sang also took it around Darlington in
different places. Mr. Gardner says it is common in Upper
Teesdale, and that the larva feeds on oak bark. Stainton and
Wilkinson say the same, but Meyrick says it feeds on oak, and
perhaps on apple.

133. KE. nigricostana, Haw.

Ephippiphora nigricostana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 243.
3 45 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 204.
Ecosina 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 464.
Stainton says this is not rare in the south of England, and
Meyrick gives it as reaching York, but it has occurred in South
Durham once at least, for Mr. Sang took it in Dinsdale Wood
on July 1st, 1860. I have no other record.

88 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

STIGMONOTA, Guen.

134, Stigmonota internana, Guen.

Stigmonota internana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 245.
oF 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 208.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 511.

Laspeyresia _,,

Not a common species, and apparently not extending beyond
South Durham. Meyrick limitsit to York. Mr. Sang took it at
Croft, near Darlington. Mr. Gardner has taken it in Hezleden
Dene. It also occurs at Benridge reservoir among the whins
round there and elsewhere.

135. S. perlepidana, Haw.

Stigmonota perlepidana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 245.
i of Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 208.
Laspeyresia y Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 511.

Apparently not generally common, and only recorded here
by Mr. Sang, who took the imago near Darlington in 1870.
Wilkinson says the larva feeds on Orobus niger, and Meyrick
says ‘‘in pods of Lathyrus macrorrhizus.” Neither of these
plants grows in either county, but Mr. Barrett tells me it feeds
in Orobus tuberosus, which is ‘‘common upon heaths and the
borders of pastures.’’ (See Trans., 11., 154).

136. S. dorsana, Fab.

Stigmonota dorsana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 246.
a A Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 211.
Laspeyresia _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 512.

Another species recorded by Mr. Sang, and, so far, by no one
else. He found the insect on the railway embankment near
Croft, and subsequently bred it from larve in pods of Lathyrus
sylvestris. Meyrick says ‘‘in pods of Lathyrus macrorrhizus
(and perhaps LZ. pratensis).”” Mr. Sang’s larve therefore give
an additional food plant. Possibly the larve of the previous
species might also feed on Lathyrus sylvestris,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 89

ASTHENIA, Hub.
187. Asthenia coniferana, Reitz.

Asthenia coniferana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 246.
- 7 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 212.
Laspeyresia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 514.
Mr. Finlay took this species on Needless Hall Moor, the only
Northumbrian record. Mr. Sang found it at Elders, near
Darlington, and bred it from larve found in the bark of Scotch
fir (see Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, vol. viil., p. 76).

138. A. splendidulana, Guen.
Asthenia splendidulana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 247.
55 ‘ Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 21¢.
Pammene .; Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 506.
Mr. Sang found this in various places near Darlington, in
Park Lane, on the railway side near Croft, and elsewhere.
His dates are from May, 1857, to May, 1884. Mr. Gardner
says the insect flies about oaks in Upper Teesdale. The larvee
feed between oak leaves. He took one in Hezleden Dene in
1904.
RETINIA, Guen.
139. Retinia pinicolana, Doub.
Retinia pinicolana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 248.
5 ti Wilk. But. Tort., p. 208.
Evetria brobana. Meyr.(partim) Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p.470.

Another insect only taken by Mr. Sang, who met with it
around Darlington in July and August, and took larve in June
on Scotch fir.

140. R. pinivorana, Zell.
Retima pimvorana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 248.
wy a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 219.
Evetria “3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 471.

Mr. Finlay found this insect not uncommonly on Needless
Hall Moor. Mr. Sang found it near Darlington, and also at
Coniscliffe Moor, and bred it from Scotch fir. I have no other
records,

90 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

141. R. occultana, Doug.

Retina occultana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 249.
- 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 223.
Enarmonia pinicolana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 474.

Mr. Finlay found this species not scarce on Needless Hall
Moor, and Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson reported it from the west of
Northumberland. Mr. Sang took it in 1858 in Castle Eden
Dene, where Mr. E. R. Bankes found it in May, 1885. Mr.
Sang also took it near Darlington, and Mr. Gardner at Edder
Acres.

PAMPLUSIA, Guen.

142. Pamplusia monticolana, Mann.

Pamplusia monticolana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 249.
. 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 224.
Hs mercuriana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 470.

Mr. Finlay took this rather freely on the Northumberland
moors. Mr. Sang got it at Hell Kettles in the larva stage in
June and July, 1878 and 1879, and the imago there on
September Ist, 1879, and Mr. Gardner has taken it in Upper
Teesdale in August. I have no doubt it occurs on all the
moors and high land in the west.

CARPOCAPSID A.
ENDOPISA, Guen.
143. Endopisa ulicana, Gn.

Endopisa ulicana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 251.
AF 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 228.
Lipoptycha plumbana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 504.

This does not appear to be very plentiful here. The only
record I have is that of Mr. Sang, who took the insect on the
railway banks near Darlington. It is common about Hartle-
pool, and I expect will be found elsewhere. It extends as far
north as the Hebrides, and the larva feeds in the roots of
Chrysanthemum and kindred plants. It ought to be found in
most places.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 91

144. E. germarana, Hub.

Endopisa germarana. Staint. Man., vol. 1., p. 251.
Rs Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 229.
ce roseticolana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 510.
Meyrick limits the range of this species to York. It certainly
reaches South Durham, for Mr. Sang took it on more than one
occasion in a lane near the railway at Darlington. As the
larva feeds in the hip of the wild rose, I do not see why it
should not extend further.

145. E. nigricana, Fab.

Endopisa nigricana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 251.
3 + Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 230.
Laspeyresia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p 513.
Probably generally distributed, but only recorded by Mr.
Sang from Coniscliffe. The larva feeds on Vicea sylvatica,
Pisum sativum, &e., according to the authorities. Mr. Barrett
tells me the moth is abundant about pea fields in the south.

146. E. proximana, Haw.

Endopisa proximana. Staint. Man., vol. ii.. p. 251.
a op Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 231.
Laspeyresia mgricana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 513.
Meyrick is no doubt right in considering this and the pre-
ceding species to be alike, but as Stainton (following Wilkinson)
gave them separately, I must do so here; more particularly as

Sang enters both in his diary. They were both met with at
the same place, Coniscliffe, near Darlington.

CARPOCAPSA, Tr.

147. Carpocapsa splendana, Hub.
Carpocapsa splendana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 253.
ss - Wilk, Brit. Tort., p. 284.
a Pe Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 515.

92 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Not a common species, and only taken near Darlington by
Mr. Sang. The larva feeds in acorns, and the insect must be
looked for in oak woods.

148. C. pomonella, Tr.

Carpocapsa pomonella. Staint Man., vol. ii., p. 253.
oe ss Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 237.
‘ A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 515,

The larva of this insect feeds in apples and sometimes in
pears, but the imago is of very retiring habits, and it is not often
noticed in the perfect state. I have no records except at home.
Mr. Gardner says he has taken odd specimens, and I took it once
in my own house in Hartlepool.

GRAPHOLITA, Steph.

149. Grapholita albersana, Hub.

Grapholita albersana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 254.
on A Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 239.
Epinrota a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 517.

Mr, Sang records (Ent. Mo. Mag., vi., 170) having bred this
species from a larva found near Darlington. It is a species
more frequently found in the perfect state than as a larva, and
he only found one, in April. The books give August as the
time for the appearance of the larva, but it probably hybernates.
No entry of this insect appears in his ‘‘ Diary,” where most of
the others referred to in the note quoted from are duly entered.
The insect has been taken at Scarborough.

150. G. ulicetana, Haw.

Grapholita ulicetana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 254.
5, 55 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 240.
Laspeyresia_,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 534.

A most abundant species, flying in the day time around
every whin bush in both counties. Very common everywhere,

ba
+
is

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 93

CNEPHASID.Z.
CNEPHASIA, Cutt.

151. Cnephasia hybridana, Hub.

Cnephasia hybridana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 257.
i 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 249.
Isotrias 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 542.

Mr. Finlay found this generally distributed and not at all
uncommon. Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 281. It is not recorded for Durham, but is sure to
occur.

152. C. subjectana, Guen.

Cnephasia subjectana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, D. 257.
es 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 250.
Tortrix incertana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 540.

A common species, and generally abundant, the larva not
being very particular in its food. Mr. Finlay found it in most
parts of the Morpeth district. Mr Maling recorded it in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 281. In Durham I only have my
own records and Mr. Garduer’s. We have both found it
plentiful.

153. C, virgaureana, Tr.

Cnephasia virgaureana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 258.
3 iy Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 251.
Tortrix 56 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 539.

Generally a common species, the larva feeding indiscriminately
on many low plants. There is no doubt it occurs almost every-
where, but I have few records. Mr. Finlay says generally
distributed and common. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Trans-
actions for 1875, p. 281. These are for Northumberland.
For Durham I have no records. Mr. Sang would think it too
common, and it is not among the few Mr. Backhouse records.
About Hartlepool it is always very common.

94 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

154. C. alternella, W.V.

Cnephasia alternella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 258.
i 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 252.
Tortrix chrysanthemana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 539.

Rather a local species, and not recorded for Northumberland,
the only captures I know of being that Mr. Sang took it near
Darlington, and at Seaton Carew, near Hartlepool. The larva
feeds on several common plants, and its range here will no
doubt be extended by further captures.

155. CG. pascuana, Hb.

Cnephasia pascuana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 258.
55 9p Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 253.
Tortriz 4 Mcyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 540.
Mr. Finlay recorded C. senwana as ‘‘ generally distributed

and scarce.’’ I venture to transfer the record to this species.
Woeke (Staud. Cat. No. 780, 783, Ed. 1871) appears to have
mixed up these species, and perhaps Mr. Finlay’s insects were
thus wrongly named. Stnwana is not known so far north, even
in the west of England, while Pascwana is much more general,
and is recorded as far as York by Meyrick. I may say that
Mr. Barrett approves of the alteration.

156. C. conspersana, Doug.

Cnephasia conspersana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 258.
+ 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 254.
Tortrix 9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 541.

A local species, the larve feeding on heads of composite
plants on the coast. Mr. Gardner says it is common about
Hartlepool, but I never met with it myself, and have no other
record.

157. C. octomaculana, Haw.

Cnephasia octomaculana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 258.
. ae Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 254.
Tortria fd Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 541,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 95

A widely distributed species according to Stainton, but con-
fined to ‘‘ Cheshire to Caledonian Canal’’ according to Meyrick.
If Meyrick be correct it would seem to be a westerly species,
but it certainly occurs in both these counties. Mr. Maling
recorded it for Northumberland in the ‘‘ Young Naturalist,’’
vol. iv., p. 23; Mr. Gardner and I have met with it about
Hartlepool, not very commonly. It is an abundant insect in
Scotland. The larva feeds on common plants, Plantago,
Centaurea, &c.

ABLABIA, Hub.
158. Ablabia pratana, Hub.

Ablabia pratana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 259.
- oh Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 257.
Tortrix osseata. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 542.

Rather a local species, though plentiful where it occurs.
Mr. Finlay found it abundant on the Northumberland moors.
Mr. Maling recorded it, without locality, in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 281. Mr. Sang took it in Masham lane, and I
have found it about Hartlepool, generally in rough pastures
and such like places. The moth seems to fly about mid-day,
and to continue on the wing for four or five hours. I have
seen it on the wing in hundreds when taking Miana expolita.
Mr. Gardner has found it abundant in Upper Teesdale, and
thinks it occurs everywhere among rushes.

SERICORIDA.
EUCHROMIA, Steph.
159. Euchromia ericetana, Bentley.

Euchromia ericetana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 261.
55 i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 262.
EHucosma 4 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 469.

The only record I have of the occurrence of this species is
that I took it occasionally in my garden when I lived at
Bellerby Terrace, West Hartlepool, in 1880. The house was
then more than a mile out of the town, beyond the Cemetery,

96 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

and was surrounded by nursery gardens and fields. The speci-
mens were named by Mr. Sang, who had some of them. The
larva feeds in roots of Stachys arvensis, and the insect should
be looked for where that occurs.

160. EK, striana, W.Y.

Euchromia striana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 261.
35 a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 262.
Hucosma i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 469.
Rather a common species generally, but not yet recorded for
Northumberland. Mr. Sang got it at Dinsdale Wood, near
Middleton-one-Row, and Mr. Gardner has taken it at Greatham.
I have no further records at present.

ORTHOTAENIA, Steph.
161. Orthoteenia antiquana, Hub.

Orthotenia antiquana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 262.
59 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 264.
Eucosma 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 469.
Not a very common species, and in these counties only taken

by Mr. Sang, who found it at Hell Kettles, near Darlington.
The larva feeds in the roots of Stachys arvensis, and pupates
therein. The plant has been found in many places over both
counties.

SERICORIS, Tr.
162. Sericoris conchana, Hub.

Sericoris conchana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 262.
a as Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 266.
Eucosma rivulana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 466.

I have no Northumberland records for this species, and in
Durham only for Castle Eden Dene and places near Darlington.
The larva is said to feed on Genista tinctoria. I only know
one station for this plant in the Hartlepool district, a meadow
near Black Hall Rocks, but there is so little of it there that
it is not likely to produce any moths. Mr. Barrett has reared
this insect from an orchid.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 97

163. S. lacunana, Dup.

Sericorts lacunana. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 262.
sn Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 266.
Eucosma #3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 467.

An abundant species everywhere. Mr. Finlay says ‘‘ Generally
distributed around Morpeth, and plentiful.” Mr. Maling re-
corded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281. Mr. Sang, I
presume, considered it too common to enter. It is very
abundant around Hartlepool, and I have no doubt may be
found all over both counties.

164. S. urticana, Hub.

Sericoris urticana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 263.
si Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 267.
Eucosma 6 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 467.

Strange to say Mr. Finlay never met with this insect, but
Mr. Maling recorded it for Northumberland in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 281, and Mr. Backhouse for Jesmond as well as at
Hoffall Wood, Durham. Mr. Sang did not enter it—an evidence
of its abundance. Mr. Gardner has taken it in Teesdale, and I
have bred it from nettle at Hartlepool. It feeds on a vast
variety of plants, and is generally a plentiful hedge side insect,
though Meyrick says it gets scarcer northwards.

165. S. micana, Hub.

Sericoris micana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 263.
5 55 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p, 268.
Eucosma _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 467.

_ An insect fond of damp or swampy places. Mr. Finlay found
it not uncommon to the west of Netherwitton—the only
Northumbrian record. Mr. Sang took it near Darlington in
boggy places, and Mr. Gardner got it at a pond at Thorp
Bulmer, near Hartlepool, plentifully, taking fifty or more in a
season.

98 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

166. S. cespitana, Hub.

Sericoris cespitana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 268.
3 Ai Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 270.
Hucosma Pr Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 468.

Rather a local species. Mr. Maling recorded it for Northum-
berland in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281; Mr. Hodgkinson
also included it in his list of species occurring in the west of
that county. Mr. Sang does not appear to have met with it,
but it occurs near Hartlepool.

167. S. politana, Haw.

Sericoris politana Staint. Man., vol 11, p. 263.
es sf Walk. Brit Vorts py 271:
Tortriz s Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 538.

A moorland species, the larva feeding on Myrica gale, Erica,
and other moor plants. Mr. Finlay found it on Needless Hall
Moor, but never very common; and Mr. Hodgkinson took it in
West Northumberland. Mr. Backhouse got it at Shull, flying
by a plantation hedge. It does not appear to have been taken
in Upper Teesdale, but it is certain to occur there.

168. S. bifasciana, Haw.

Sericoris bifasciana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 264.
e 9 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 274.
Eucosma As Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 468.
A local species, occurring among fir trees. Mr. Sang took it
near Darlington on 6th July, 1870, and 26th June, 1872. I
have no other records.

MIXODIA, Guen.

169. Mixodia schultziana, Fab. 7
Mixodia schultxiana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 265.
56 Me Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 276.
Eucosma ss Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 466.

GATALOGUE OF MOTHS 99

A common insect on boggy moors, but not occurring else-
where. It is recorded for Muckle Moss in vol. v. of the Trans-
actions, p. 8. Mr. Finlay also found it plentiful on the
Northumbrian moors. I have taken it on Greenleighton Moor
myself. It is also common in boggy places on the Teesdale
moors.

170. M. palustrana, Zell.

Mixodia palustrana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 265.
z a Walle BriteeMortep 2 (ie
Eucosma i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 466.

This is really a Scotch insect, and recorded in the ‘‘ Manual”’
as being confined to that country, but Mr. Gardner found it
plentifully in one locality on the Teesdale moors. Lord
Walsingham confirmed the name. It will probably be found
on the more western of the Northumberland moors.

LOZOPERID &.
LOBESIA, Guen.

171. Lobesia reliquana, Hub.

Lobesia reliquana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 266.
+ 5 Walkesbrite) ort os 280s
» pernrxtana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 455.

Rather a southern insect, and only recorded here by Mr.
Maling in the Transactions for 1875, p. 281. There are no
localities in this list, but Mr. Maling collected chiefly, I believe,
about Newbiggin on the coast, and around Hexham in the west.
Reliquana does not appear to occur in Yorkshire, but Mr.
Barrett informs me there are records for Cumberland and
Westmoreland, and Mr. Meyrick gives Ayr as its northern
limit. If therefore Mr. Maling took it about Hexham, it is
where we would naturally look for it. If collectors in the
Derwent valley would look out I think it will be met with
there also.

100 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

PHTHEOCHROA, Steph.

172. Phtheochroa rugosana, Hub.

Phtheochroa rugosana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 267.

3 a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 281.
Commophila Bi Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p 555.
Limited to York by Meyrick, this insect appears only to
reach the extreme south of Durham. In fact, it is unable to
extend further, as the food plant, Bryonia dioica, does not grow
beyond South Durham. Mr. Sang took the insect in Dinsdale
Wood, near Middleton-one-Row, in 1867, and on Coniscliffe
Moor in 1889; both localities being close to the county
boundary.
ERIOPSELA, Guen.

173. Eriopsela fractifasciana, Haw.

Eriopsela fractifasciana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 267.
5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 288.
Cydia a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 485.

A very local species, and Wilkinson speaks as though it
were confined to chalk lands. Mr. Gardner took a single
specimen at Black Halls, where the rocks are limestone.
Probably only a casual, as it has not occurred again.

174. E, quadrana, Hub.

Eriopsela quadrana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 267.
Ms ae Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 284.
Enarmoma _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 474.
This species extends to Lancashire and Westmoreland,
according to Meyrick, and it appears to cross the boundary
on the west of Durham, for Mr. Gardner took it on 25th May,
1896, at Winch Bridge, Teesdale.

CHROSIS, Guen.

175. Chrosis tesserana, Tr.

Chrosis tesserana. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 268.
a Ks Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 285.
Phalona _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 548.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 101

Rather a common species generally, and extending far into
Scotland. Here it has, so far, only been taken in Headley
Lane, Darlington, by the late John Sang. The food plant,
however, is only recorded for a few places in Durham and none
in Northumberland.

ARGYROLEPIA, Steph.

176. Argyrolepia baumanniana, W.V.

Argyrolepia baumanniana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 269.
as 55 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 289.
Chlidonia is Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 554.

Rather a common species, and fairly plentiful in most places.
Mr. Finlay says it is ‘‘ generally distributed and sometimes
plentiful.” Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for
1875, p. 281. Mr. Sang got it about Darlington, and it occurs
in most places around Hartlepool.

177. A. subbaumanniana, Wilk.

Argyrolepia subbaumanniana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 269.

» 99 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 291.
Chlidonia ie Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 564.

Generally rather common, but here only taken by Mr. Sang
nearly fifty years ago. The larva is not known.

178. A. badiana, Hb.

Argyrolepia badiana, Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 270.
7 ay Walk sy Drntelonte noone
Phalonia 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 548.

Not generally a scarce species, but only occurring here in
Castle Eden and Hezleden Denes among burdock, on which the
larva feeds. Meyrick says in the stems and roots; Mr. Gardner
says in the seeds. I believe it really feeds on the seeds, but
pupates near the roots.

102 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

179. A. cnicana, Doub.

Argyrolepia enicana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 270.
af os Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 292.
Phalonia A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 548.

Very widely distributed, and recorded by most collectors.
Mr. Finlay says it is generally distributed about Morpeth, but
not plentiful. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for
1875, p. 281. In Durham Mr. Sang took it at Hell Kettles
and Elders, near Darlington. Mr. Gardner says Black Halls
and Hezleden Dene. I never found it in the dene myself, but
among thistles at Black Halls it is generally plentiful. In a
wet gully just beyond the last rocks I once found it positively
swarming.

CALOSETIA, Wilk.
180. Calosetia nigromaculana, Haw.

Calosetia mgromaculana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 271.
“ 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 295.
Cydia 85 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 486.

Of this species I have no records except at Hartlepool, where
both Mr. Gardner and I have taken it on the railway side
among ragwort, and Mr. Gardner took it this year (1904) at
Thorp Bulmer.

EUPCECILIA, Steph.
181. Eupcoecilia maculosana, Haw.

Eupecilia maculosana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 271.
-p 59 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 297.
+ & Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 555.

The only notices of this species that I have met with are that
Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson included it in his list of species occurring
in West Northumberland; and that Mr. Sang took it on 19th
and 26th May, 1889. It does not appear to abound in the
north, and is only recorded from five places in Yorkshire. The
larva is said to feed on the seeds of Sezlla nutans (Hyacinthus
non-scriptus), which abounds in our woods and denes.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 1038

182. E. atricapitana, Steph.

Eupecilia atricapitana, Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 271.
5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 298.
Phalonia 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 552.

Not a common species, but probably much overlooked. The
only Northumberland record I have is that Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson
found it in the west of the county. Mr. Sang took it on the
railway banks at Darlington. We formerly got it rather freely
in the small enclosure between the ropery at Hartlepool and
the railway banks, sometimes sitting on the brick walls of the
ropery, sometimes on the old sleeper fence of the railway. Mr.
Gardner has bred it from larve found there in ragwort stems.
The town has extended here, and this place is now enclosed as
gardens, and I have not seen Atricapitana for some years.

183. E. nana, Haw.

Eupecilia nana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 272.
3 5 Wilk. Brit: Lort., p. 30.
Phaloma ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 552.

Mr. Finlay records this from the Old Park, Netherwitton,
and says it is plentiful among birch. Mr. Sang took it at
Wolsingham only. We never met with it about Hartlepool.

184. E, rupicola, Curt.

Eupecila rupicola. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 273.
a S Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 305.
Phalonia y Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 550.

Rather a local species, and not extending into Scotland. It
only appears to reach the extreme of South Durham. Mr.
Sang took it many years ago at Hell Kettles, near Darlington,
and Mr, Gardner has taken it in Hezleden Dene, where he says
it is not very uncommon, but I never met with it.

104 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

185. E. vectisana, Westw.
Eupecilia vectisana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 278.
- +f Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 306.
Phalonia *, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 549.

Very abundant on Greatham salt marsh. The insect flies
just before sunset, and I have seen it flying in hundreds about
the food plant, Zriglochin maritimum. In the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine, vol. xxv., p. 178, is a most interesting
account of the larva from the pen of Mr. E. R. Bankes. It eats
the pith of the shoot, hibernates full fed, and sometimes changes
in the cocoon inside the flower stems, in which it passed the
winter ; sometimes it spins another cocoon, probably impervious
to water. Mr. Hodgkinson included this in his West Northum-
berland list, but that is evidently a mistake.

186. E. affinitana, Doug.
Eupecilia afimtana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 278.
6 af Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 307.
Phalona i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 549.

Another salt marsh insect, the larva feeding in stems of
Aster tripolium. It occurs on Greatham marshes, but not in
anything like the numbers of the last species. Mr. Gardner
has bred it from there. Mr. Hodgkinson included this also in
his West Northumberland list, certainly in error.

187. E. ruficiliana, Haw.
Eupecilia ruficiiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 274.
rs 5 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 310.
Phaloma ciliella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 551.

In the number of the Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer
for 11th June, 1859 (vol. vi., p. 82), Mr. V. R. Perkins, then
of Newcastle-on-Tyne, says this species occurs amongst furze
bushes on the sea coast. If this is intended to imply that the
larva feeds on furze, it is an error, for it feeds on seeds of
cowslip. It occurs as stated and elsewhere along the coast, and

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 105

on the railway embankments and other places where cowslip
grows freely. Mr. Finlay reported it as generally distributed
and plentiful around Morpeth. Mr. Sang found it at Conis-
cliffe, near Darlington, and we find it common near Hartlepool.
These are all the records I have, but it will be found wherever
there is plenty of cowslip.

LOZOPERA, Steph.

188. Lozopera straminea, Haw.

Lozopera straminea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 276.
= a Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 313.
Euzxanthis _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 557.

A well distributed species, and generally common. Mr.
Finlay recorded it thus, and Mr. Maling also (see Transactions
for 1875, p. 281). Mr. Wailes recorded it for Gibside in
Stephens’ Illustrations (vol. iv., p. 93 and 188). Mr. Sang
took it about Darlington; Mr. Gardner says it is common
everywhere about Greatham, and it is also common round
Hartlepool. I have little doubt it may be had everywhere.
The larva feeds in the heads of Centaurea nigra, a common
enough plant.

XANTHOSETIA, Steph.

189. Xanthosetia hamana, Linn.

Xanthosetia hamana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 276.
3 95 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 316.
Euxanthis 53 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 558.

A generally distributed species, but not abundant. Mr.
Wailes recorded it for Meldon Park in Stephens’ I1lustrations,
vol. iv., p. 192. Mr. Finlay said it was generally distributed,
but not plentiful in his district. It is one of the earlier entries
in Sang’s diary, ‘‘Seaton, 2nd August, 1853.’’ He does not
enter it again. He probably found it everywhere. It occur
all round Hartlepool, but never in large numbers.

106 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

190. X. zoegana, Linn.

Xanthosetia zoegana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 276.
ss 3 Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 316.
Kuzanthis i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 558.

Widely distributed, but never very common. Mr. Finlay
found it scarce at Meldon Park; Mr. Maling recorded it in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 281; Mr. Patterson met with it at
Chollerford; Mr. Sang got it at Castle Eden Dene; and Mr.
Gardner and I have taken it at Black Halls and on the railway
embankment. The larve feed in the roots of Centaurea nigra,
and perhaps in those of Scabrosa columbaria as stated in
Stainton and Meyrick.

TORTRICODID.
TORTRICODES, Gn.

191. Tortricodes hyemana, Hub.

Tortricodes hyemana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 278.
Cheimatophila tortricella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 548.

Wilkinson appears not to have considered this to be a Tortrix,
indeed Stainton did not, but he includes it with them in his
index. It is a very common species in oak woods, but is on
the wing so early in the year that it is not often noticed by
entomologists. Mr. Finlay reports it as plentiful in his district,
and Mr. Maling includes it in his list in the Transactions for
1875 (p. 281). Mr. Sang took it around Darlington, and we
find it common in Hezleden Dene. The lack of further records
must be explained by its early appearance.

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NATURAL HISTORY dy

+
mire!
vee

A CATALOGUE

OF .

mere LEPIDOPTERA

on
NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM,
AND
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
BY

JOHN E. ROBSON, F.E.S., Lonpon,

HON. MEMBER OF THE LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENT. SOC, 5

AND OF THE CITY OF LONDON ENT. SOCIETY.

Vou. Il.—MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
Part II.—TINEINA anp PTEROPHORINA.

Index to Vol. II.

EDITED BY JOHN GARDNER, F.E.S.

DECEMBER, 1912.

lv. INTRODUCTION.

rough sheets for all the species recorded with the exception of
the Pterophorids), when, owing to the state of his health, he in
December, 1910, sent to the Council of the Society the following
letter :

‘‘ With reference to the concluding volume of the Robson
Catalogue of Lepidoptera of Northumberland and Durham, it is
with the greatest regret that I write to ask if your Council will
kindly relieve me of my undertaking to edit the volume in
question and see it through the press.

‘* As you know, I have been hoping for a long time past that
my health might be sufficiently restored to enable me to carry
out my promise, but I fear that this is not to be, for the
temporary improvements that have taken place now and then
have not been maintained, and I am now suffering from
another nervous breakdown. This necessitates complete rest
and change, and I am therefore leaving home next week.

‘“‘During Mr. Robson’s lifetime I supplied him with my
critical notes on the whole of the manuscript that he had _pre-
pared for the volume (which manuscript was complete except
for the Pterophorids, and Mr. J. Gardner has since supplied the
omission). He did not live to make use of these notes, but
they are available for anyone who sees the work through the
press.

‘Mr, J. Gardner is a lepidopterist and much interested in the
completion of the Robson Catalogue. I have not of course
approached him on the subject, but perhaps he would be willing
to undertake the work if your Council saw fit to ask him.’’

The Council, acting upon Mr. Bankes’ suggestion, invited me
to undertake the work, and under the circumstances I felt that
I could do no less than accede to their request.

It might seem from the foregoing that there remained now
very little to do but to place the manuscript in the printer’s
hands. I found, however, that there was a great deal more to
do before this could take place. In the first place, as before
stated, a few sheets had already been printed off but not

INTRODUCTION. Vv.

corrected. The remainder of the manuscript was just as it
had come from Mr. Robson’s pen, a loose sheet being devoted to
each species. Mr. Bankes, as stated in his letter to the Council,
had written critical notes upon the whole of the manuscript
prepared for this part of the catalogue during Mr. Robson’s life-
time, but these the latter did not live to use. These notes,
which were very numerous and in some cases of considerable
length, it was necessary to incorporate with the manuscript.
This has been done to the best of my ability, full justice being
done to Mr. Bankes, and at the same time interfering as little
as possible with the original manuscript, which Mr. Bankes
himself was always careful to do. In many instances the in-
clusion of these notes entailed the entire re-writing of the sheets
to which they referred.

As previously stated, neither manuscript nor records for the
plume moths \Pterophorids) were forthcoming at the time of
Mr. Robson’s death, and I am therefore responsible for this
little group.

A short supplement appears at the end containing additional °
species to record, species requiring to be struck out, notes upon,
and additional records for, many species mentioned in previous
portions of the catalogue. In connection with the latter I have
to thank Mr. J. W. H. Harrison, late of Birtley, for a list of
species occurring in that neighbourhood, as well as for notes of
a few species found in other parts of our two counties.

I am much indebted to my friend Dr. C. O. Trechmann for
compiling the index and errata, and have also to thank him for
kind and willing assistance during the progress of this work ;
he went over every sheet before it was sent to the printer, and
assisted in correcting every sheet of proof which came from the
printer. His advice upon any doubtful matter was also always
at my service.

I have also to thank your Curator, Mr. E. Leonard Gill, for
his ever ready help in correcting proof and looking after the
typography generally.

Vi. INTRODUCTION.

I would also wish to acknowledge the deep debt of gratitude
which the Society owes to Mr. E. R. Bankes for the valuable
_ services he has rendered towards the compilation of this volume.
His cessation from active work, and the cause thereof, is a
matter of deep regret, for his contributions to entomology,
which have been great and many, can be badly spared.

The total number of species now recorded for our counties is
1169, being 56°7 per cent. of the total number of British
species, which Meyrick gives as 2061.

Mr. Porritt, in his list of Yorkshire Lepidoptera, gives 1379
species as occurring in that county, being 66:9 per cent.
of the British species according to Meyrick. As the area
of Yorkshire is more than double that of Northumberland
and Durham combined, we may congratulate ourselves that
our lepidopterous fauna compares so favourably with that
of the neighbouring county. That the list will be increased
when the high moorlands of both counties are worked by
competent collectors is to me almost a matter of certainty —
but to do this thoroughly requires the collector to be resident
from year’s end to year’s end in such a locality. A visit of two
or three weeks during the summer months cannot be expected
to reveal the entire fauna of a district; moreover, a stranger
could not collect after dark over such difficult ground in the
same manner as a resident collector would be able to do, and it
must be borne in mind that many species of both Macro-
and Micro-lepidoptera are never on the wing before darkness
sets in.

And now a word of advice to young collectors. Do not
collect Macros only, but Micros as well; the setting of the latter
will soon come easy, and more advanced collectors will always
be willing to assist in naming specimens.

J. GARDNER.

Laurel Lodge, Hart,

December 20th, 1912.

TINEINA.

We are now at the last of the larger groups, and the last but
one of the entire Lepidopterous fauna, after the arrangement of
_ the late H. T. Stainton. It was to this group that he gave
much of his attention, and he worked out many of the genera
and species very thoroughly. The sequence of no two authors
is identical, so, failing any generally accepted one, we prefer to
follow that adopted in Stainton’s ‘‘ Manual.’’ Very few of our
local entomologists -have collected the T1vetna. Those who
have done so consider it a most interesting group. It is also
that in which new discoveries are most likely to be made. The
few who have collected these in this district, have been already
enumerated in connection with the Torrricina. I cannot say
that I have ever collected the Trvera, though I have occasion-
ally taken a few, and have been fortunate enough to meet with
some of the rarer species. I have, however, had the great
advantage for this work of being aided by Mr. E. R. Bankes,
F.E.S., &c., of Corfe Castle, Dorset, who probably knows more
about British Lepidoptera than any other man, and especially
does he thoroughly know the British Trverna. Mr. Bankes
has not only given me all possible advice, but has most kindly
revised the MS., so that I do not think anything wrong will
occur through my personal want of experience.

Two or three species in this group occur in the district that
have scarcely been met with elsewhere in Britain. It is ex-
ceedingly curious how these minute creatures have found their
way here, to a locality hundreds, or perhaps thousands of
miles from any known colony of them. One insect, Acrolepia
betuletella, has not been recorded elsewhere than in the county
of Durham, though I believe a solitary example was taken by
Mr. Sang at Richmond in Yorkshire. Another, Lithocolletis
insignitella, whose entire life, in its larval and pupal stages, is
passed between the skins of a clover leaf, has not been taken in
England, except between Hartlepool and Castle Eden, where it
oceurs in enormous numbers. A third, Harpella bracteella, a

108 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

most brilliant little species, has only once been met with in
England, except in the county of Durham. Gelechia
tetragonella also, which is erroneously included in Porritt’s
Yorkshire list, has not been found at any northern locality,
except at Greatham Salt Marsh, Co. Durham, and its only two
other known stations are in Dorset and Norfolk respectively.

Other peculiarities of our fauna will be mentioned in their
places. I have no doubt, when both counties are fully examined
by competent collectors, many additional species will be found.
As it is, the bulk of those on the following list have been taken
by less than half-a-dozen collectors in the two counties.

EXAPATID A.
EXAPATE, Zell.
1. Exapate gelatella, Linn.

Exapate gelatella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 282.
ie congelatella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 5438.

Generally common, but occurring so late in the year, that it
is not often taken on the wing. Meyrick gives its most northern
recorded habitat as York (¢.e., Yorkshire), but Mr. Finlay found
it comparatively common in Coal Law Wood; Mr. Maling took
it at light in November (see Transactions, 1875, p. 282), and
Mr. Henderson found it in Jesmond Dene. In Durham we get it
in Hezleden Dene when we venture there in November or later;
Mr. Dixon took one at Hartlepool in 18838, probably a wanderer
from the dene; and Mr. Sang met with it around Darlington.
The female has very small forewings, and seems incapable of
flight. I have no doubt the species will be met with all over
both counties.

DASYSTOMA, Curt.

2. Dasystoma salicella, Hub.

Dasystoma salicella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 282.
Cheimophila ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 615.

Not a very common species ; Meyrick does not give its east-

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 109

ward range, but enters Westmoreland as its most western
recorded locality. The only notice I have of its occurrence in
these counties, is that Mr. Finlay took a single specimen in
Meldon Park. It occurs but rarely in Yorkshire. I have no

Durham records.

CHIMABACCHE, Hub.

3. Chimabacche phryganella, Hub.

Chimabacche phryganella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 282.
ce y Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 616.

Generally common, and probably occurring in most woods in
both counties. Meyrick does not give its range on the East
Coast ; on the west he gives Westmoreland as the most northerly
of its recorded localities. It is quite common in Northumber-
land as well asin Durham. Mr, Finlay found it plentiful in
Coal Law Wood in October, and in other woods around. Mr.
Backhouse took it at Shotley, Mr. Sang entered it in his diary
as occurring at Barnard Castle woods on October 9th, 1857.
He also took it in Castle Eden Dene in 1878. It is common in
Hezleden Dene and elsewhere around Hartlepool, and it will
probably yet be recorded from many woods in October.

4. C. fagella, W.V.

Chimabacche fagella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 282.
i - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 616.

Appearing in April, and plentiful in all parts of the district.
It was recorded by Wailes in Stephens’ I1lustrations (vol. iv.,
p- 238) as occurring at Newcastle on-Tyne. That was some 70
years ago. Now, it often appears much darker in hue, some-
times quite black, but the great majority are still of the normal
colour. The larva feeds on most trees, and the imago may
always be found in the day time resting on tree trunks. The
female has small wings, and seems incapable of flight, yet the

species occurs almost everywhere.

110 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

SEMIOSCOPIS, Hub.
5. Semioscopis avellanella, Hub.

Senuoscopis avellanella. Staint. Man., vol. it., p. 283.
99 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 616.

A generally distributed species, but rather local, and certainly
not plentiful anywhere in the north. For Northumberland I
have no records, and for Durham only two, both in the south
of the county. Mr. Sang took it near Darlington in 1861—
nearly half a century ago. Mr. Gardner has since met with the
species in Teesdale, but never commonly.

6. S, steinkellneriana, W.Y.

Semioscopis steinkellneriana, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 283.
ao - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p- 617.
This species is given in the “ Manual’”’ as having occurred at
Darlington. Sang, however, does not record it, nor have I any
knowledge of its occurrence in either county, except that I
took a single specimen on the wing some forty years ago in the
lane leading from West Hartlepool to the workhouse. I was
not sufficiently interested in the group then to seek more, nor
has it been taken since. The larva feeds on hawthorn and other
trees, so it ought to be commoner than appears by this. The
lane where it was taken is now ruined for entomological
purposes. Mr. Harding recorded that this species was on the
wing from daylight to sunrise (E.W.I., vol. i, p. 26). My
specimen was taken about sunset.

TINEIDA, Stain.
TALAEPORIA, Zell.
7, Taleeporia pseudobombycella, Och.

Talaporia pseudobombycella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 285.

$5 ra Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
pe ¢76.
Generally a common species, but scarcely recorded for these

counties, the only notice of it that I have seen being the

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 111

“Ne” (Newcastle) of the ‘‘ Manual.” The larva feeds in a
long slender case on lichens growing on palings and tree trunks.
We never found it about Hartlepool, nor is it entered in Sang’s
diary.

SOLENOBIA, Zell.
8. Solenobia inconspicuella, Staint.

Solenobia inconspicuella. Staint. Man., vol. u1., p. 286.
. ms Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 775.

There is a little uncertainty as to the exact number of species
belonging to the obscure genus Solenobia that have been found
in Britain. Stainton, Doubleday, and Meyrick each give two,
but the nomenclature was then in sad confusion. Stainton
gives tnconspicuella and douglas; Doubleday inconspicuella
and triquetrella, with douglas as a doubtful variety of the
first; Meyrick dnconspicuella and douglasi, with triquetrella
as a synonym of douwglasizz. There is no doubt but that these two
are wrong as to douglasw, which was long thought unique, and,
being distinct from every known species, is now placed in a
separate genus. Barrett gives another supposed species, wocki
(E.M.M., xxxi, 164.) This would appear to be an error also,
and the British species to be only enconspicuella, lichenella
(of which no male is known, the females being parthenogenetic),
clathrella, and according to Tutt’s ‘“ British Lepidoptera,”
possibly nickerli.

The authorities it will be observed agree on one point only,
inconspicuella. This, though a local species, is not particularly
rare, The larva feeds on lichens on tree trunks and palings.
The only record I have found of its occurrence in our counties
is the ‘“‘ Ne” of the ‘‘ Manual.’”’? Whether the specimens taken
by Wailes were found in Durham or Northumberland must
remain doubtful at present. When these insects are more
searched for I think it will probably be found in both counties.

9. S. clathrella, F.v.R.

This insect has never before been recorded as British, though
there is a misleading account of one ‘‘ supposed British example”

112 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

in Tutt’s ‘‘ British Lepidoptera.” The precise facts are as
follows. After the sale of his collection, the late John Sang
went to Burton-on-Trent to figure Coleoptera for Dr. Mason.
He resided there some time, then came back to Darlington and set
up house-keeping again. Here he commenced a new collection,
which was not very large when he died. Dr. Mason came down
to the funeral, and before his return home he purchased this
and took it to Burton-on-Trent with him. On examining it at
his leisure he found it contained five specimens of a Solenobia
(two @’s and three 9’s), which Sang had called ¢triquetrella,
but which were really clathrella. Knowing I was engaged in
the preparation of this catalogue, Dr. Mason wrote me in 1899,
informing me of this discovery, that I might include the species
here. I am not able to give the exact locality where they were
taken, all of them probably as larvee, but there is no doubt they
were taken in Upper Teesdale, where Mr. Gardner also found
larvee which were possibly those of clathrella, but which he un-
fortunately failed to rear.

Triquetrella, to which Sang referred these specimens, is an
insect that has never occurred in Britain, though, owing to
errors of identification, it has been recorded by Doubleday and
others as British. Whilst I am writing, four out of Sang’s five
clathrella are at Stevens’ saleroom, where they will probably
be sold before this portion of the catalogue is printed.* The
fifth specimen, a 9, has disappeared. It may have been
accidentally destroyed. Dr. Chapman mounted two 9’s very
carefully for Dr. Mason, but he has no knowledge as to the fate
of the third 2 specimen, which he never saw. There is no need
for me to point out the shortcomings of Tutt’s account of the
matter. Dr. Mason was an exceedingly brief letter writer, and

* These specimens are now in the possession of Mr. E. R. Bankes, of
Corfe Castle, who purchased them at the sale of Dr. Mason’s collection.
He says of them, “Of the two 4’s, one is on a black pin, and the pinning
and setting are peculiarly characteristic of Sang’s handiwork, while the
other is on a gilt pin, and does not show Sang’s manipulation to such a
marked degree. The different colours of the pins obviously show, I should
say, that the two 4’s were bred or taken in different years, for after Sang
adopted black pins, I do not think he ever used any other colour.”

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 113

may have unwittingly misled him. It seems sufficient here to
record the occurrence of the species in Britain. The genus is
doubtless a difficult one, and the insects are sufficiently rare to
make it not easy to obtain them in any number. The larve all
feed on lichens.

DIPLODOMA, Zell.
10. Diplodoma marginepunctella, Steph.

Diplodoma marginepunctella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 286.

= sh Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
Ws CMe

Mr. Sang took cases of this species at Baydales, Darlington,
on 19th April, 1855, and concerning them made one of his very
few notes, which runs, ‘‘ cases low down on tree trunks.”
Meyrick says, ‘‘in a three-sided case enclosed in an outer
shorter case, covered with fragments of refuse or dead insects,
fungus, &c.” Darlington is given as a habitat in the
‘* Manual.”

The species was first described by Stephens, who says, ‘‘ of
this very distinct species I have seen but a pair which are in
my own collection.”

OCHSENHEIMERIA, Zell.

11. Ochsenheimeria birdella, Curt.

Ochsenhermeria birdella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 287.
Af if Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 778.

A local species, but widely distributed in England, though
apparently not occurring in Scotland. The ‘‘ Manual” gives
“Ne,” which might mean the whole area or any part of it
in which Mr. Wailes collected, say from Morpeth to Castle Eden
Dene or Upper Teesdale. Mr. Maling also recorded it, in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 282, as ‘‘ flying in the sunshine among

’ No locality is given, but the specimens

long grass in July.’
were probably taken in Northumberland. Mr. Bankes took a
specimen at Hawthorn Tower, near Seaham Harbour, on

September Ist, 1885—the only undoubted Durham capture I

114 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

know of. The larva lives in grass stems, and the insect is
generally found in pasture fields.

12. O. bisontella, Zell.

Ochsenheimeria bisontella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 288.
A Ps Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 778.

Another local species, but widely distributed in England,
and reaching at least the south of Scotland. It is recorded for
Newcastle-on-Tyne in the ‘‘ Manual,” but I know no particulars.
Mr. Sang took it at Wolsingham, Durham, on 19th August,
1874, and at High Force, Upper Teesdale, on 1st August, 1878.
Mr. Gardner never took it there, but swept it up not un-
commonly from long grass on the sea-banks near the mouth of
Hezleden Dene. Although two or three pairs were in. cop.
when so taken, Mr. Stainton insisted, nevertheless, that all the
darker ones were Oisontella and all the paler ones were
birdella. Mr. Bankes, however, now says that the frenula
prove that every dark one is a male, while every pale one is a
female, and that they are all certainly bdrsontella, with the
female of which, he adds, Mr. Stainton was obviously most
imperfectly acquainted, for in the ‘‘ Manual,” ii, 287, he gives
the antenne of bisontella (7.e. in both sexes) as ‘‘ very slightly
thickened with scales nearly to the middle,” whereas in the
female they are strongly thickened thus to about the middle.
Two specimens previously taken in the same spot, and identified
for Mr. Gardner as vacculella, are pronounced by Mr. Bankes
to be typical besontella.

13. O, vacculella, F.v.R.

Ochsenhermeria vacculella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 288.
% . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit Lep., p.778.
This is given in Stainton’s ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at
Darlington, but it is not named in Sang’s diary. Meyrick says
it reaches Durham, but this statement was doubtless taken
from the ‘‘ Manual ”’ record, as he told me he had no special list
from Durham. I give it here, then, as an insect recorded from

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 115

Darlington nearly half a century ago, and can only hope that
conclusive evidence that it still occurs in Durham may soon
be forthcoming.

EKUPLOCAMUS, Latr.
14. Euplocamus boleti, Fab.

Euplocamus boleti. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 288.
Scardia 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 779.

Stainton says of this species, ‘‘ New Forest and Epping
Forest, scarce.”. Meyrick says, “‘ Hants, Essex, N. Ireland,
local and scarce.” I took a solitary specimen in 1862 in my
own house in Olive Street, Hartlepool. This seems to be a very
extraordinary occurrence, and I have no suggestion to make as
to the origin of the insect. The house faced the Moor, but
that was only a grassy place. The larva feeds in fungus.

TINEA, Linn.
15. Tinea rusticella, Hub.

Tinea rusticella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 290.
Monopis ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 785.

A common species generally, the larva feeding on refuse. It
is recorded in the ‘‘ Manual” both for Neweastle-on-Tyne and
Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it generally distributed about
Morpeth, and not uncommon; Mr. Maling also recorded it in
the Transactions for 1875, p. 282. In Durham it is also
common. Mr. Corder took it at Sunderland; Mr. Sang enters
it in his diary as being met with at Hell- Kettles, near Dar-
lington, rather a curious place for an insect whose larva feeds
on wool and other refuse. About Hartlepool it is generally
common, and Mr. Gardner has taken it in Teesdale also.

16. T. fulvimitrella, Sodof.

Tinea fulvimitrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 290.
. 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 788.

Not so common as the last, but occurring generally throughout
both counties. It is recorded from the Old Park, Netherwitton,

116 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

by Mr. Finlay. Mr. Sang found it at Waskerley. Mr. Gardner
has reared it from fungi found in Upper Teesdale, and I have
found it in Hezleden Dene also, but not very commonly.

17. T. tapetzella, Linn.

Tinea tapetzella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 290.
Tricophaga tapetiella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 785.

A generally common species, the larva feeding in a silken
tube or gallery. It seems to prefer skins of animals or woollen
cloths. Mr. Finlay found it at Meldon Park on rabbit skins
rather plentifully. Mr. Maling recorded it ‘‘ at rest on palings”
in the Transactions for 1875, p. 282. Mr. Backhouse got it
‘in houses, ete.,”’ at Darlington; Mr. Sang found it at Barnard
Castle and elsewhere. About Hartlepool I have found it in
houses and outside also, particularly near the rubbish accumu-
lated at the Ropery. The ‘‘Manual’’ gives both Newcastle-on-
Tyne and Darlington.

18. T. arcella, Fab.

Tinea arcella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 290.
Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 788.

Meyrick says ‘‘ England to Durham.” The most northerly
record I have is that of Mr. Backhouse, who took arcella at
Shotley in North-West Durham. Itis marked in the ‘‘ Manual”
as occurring at Darlington, and Mr. Sang took it both at Bay-
dales and Middleton-one-Row, near that town. Mr. Gardner
says, ‘‘One specimen in Hezleden Dene.” I have also taken

99 Ue)

one there at rest on a decayed tree trunk.

19. T. picarella, Linn.

tinea picarella, Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 290.
i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 789.

A very local and scarce species. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”
as occurring at ‘‘ Manchester and Neweastle-on-Tyne,” that
is, somewhere in the districts around those centres. I have no

idea where Mr. Wailes got his specimens, but probably on the

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 117

high land in the west of Durham. There Mr. Gardner found it
by pure accident. He had gathered fungi for breeding
Coleoptera, and much to his delight this rarity emerged. I do
not know what the fungus was, but it grew on alder in Upper
Teesdale. He has bred it several times since the first discovery.
In the Ent. Ann., for 1858, p. 104, Stainton wrote ‘‘ A remark-
ably small specimen of this pretty species was taken by Mr.
Wailes in July, on the stem of a birch tree. The larva will
probably be found in fungi on birches.’”’ No locality is
mentioned.

20. T. corticella, Curt.

Tinea corticella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 291.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 788.

A local species of the occurrence of which I have no recent

”? )

record. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as having been met with
at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and the specimens may have been taken
by Mr. Wailes in North-West Durham. Mr. Backhouse took
it in Kepier Wood, near Durham. Neither Mr. Finlay nor Mr.
Maling appears to have met with it in Northumberland, nor Mr,
Sang in Durham, the above records being more than fifty years
old. The larva feeds in fungus growing on trees, but Mr.
Gardner, who collects fungus to breed prcarella, does not appear
to have met with this species. I do not wish to throw any
doubt on these old records, but rather to induce others who
have the opportunity to try and rear corticella.

21. T. parasitella, Hub.

Tinea parasitella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 291.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 788.

The larva of this insect also feeds on fungi, and Stainton adds
‘rotten wood.’ The only notice of its occurrence is the ‘‘Ne”
of the “ Manual.’ Wailes collected in the Derwent Valley and
in Castle Eden Dene, as well as at many places in Northum-
berland, but I do not know where this was taken—probably in
the north-west of Durham. It is a pity that no one collects
these small things there now.

9 9)

118 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

22. T. granella, Linn.

Tinea granella. Staint. Man., vol. u1., p. 291.
a 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 789.

Very abundant in granaries and other places where corn is
stored. It was recorded for Newcastle-on-Tyne by George
Wailes in Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 347. Mr. Back-
house marked it ‘‘ corn lofts, ete.,” and the ‘‘ Manual” gives it
as occurring at Darlington and as being abundant at Newcastle.
These show how long it has been common. I have seen it my-
self on the outside of a corn warehouse on Newcastle Quay
sitting in countless thousands.

23. T. cloacella, Haw.

Tinea cloacella. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 291.
4 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 789.

A common species occurring in most places. It is given in
Stephens’ Illustrations, iv., 347, for ‘‘ Newcastle, etc.,”’ and in
the ‘“‘Manual”’ for both Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington.
Mr. Finlay reported it as ‘‘ generally distributed and common”
in the Morpeth district. Mr. Corder has met with it near
Sunderland, Mr. Backhouse at Shotley, I have taken it in
Hezleden Dene, and Mr. Gardner says ‘“‘ common everywhere.”
The larva feeds on fungus and rotten wood.

24. T. albipunctella, Haw.

Tinea albipunctella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 292.
a i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 790.

The only records that I have found of the occurrence of this
species are that it was taken by Mr. Sang at Seaton Carew on
August 2nd, 1858, and near Darlington on 18th June, 1859.
It is a local species and does not occur very far north,
these records possibly representing the extent of its range,
but it ought to have been met with again in the last half-
century.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 119

25. T. confusella, H. 8.

Tinea confusella. Staint. Ent. Ann., 1862, p. 112.
S 54 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 790.

A single specimen of this very local species was taken by
myself at Black Hall Rocks many years ago. There is but one
_other known English specimen I believe, taken by Mr. Murray
at Morecambe. ‘The species, which is rare and local on the
Continent, was introduced as British by the late C. G. Barrett,
who met with it at Howth in the first week* in August running
up stems of grass in the evening. I am told the larva feeds on
fungus, or perhaps rubbish about the dead stems of Stlene
inflata (Meyrick says ‘‘ probably on lichen”.) There was no
Silene within half a mile of where I took my specimen, but it is
very abundant on the railway embankment not a mile away.

26. T. fuscipunctella, Haw.

Tinea fuscipunctella, Staint. Man., vol i1., p. 292.
3; e Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 791.

Rather a common species, but apparently not reaching the
northern portion of our district; I have no record of its occurrence
here except in South Durham. Mr. Gardner has taken it in
Hezleden Dene; Mr. John Scott reared it at Stockton (see
Ento. Weekly Int., vi., 164); and Mr. Backhouse found it in
houses at Darlington. Itis marked ‘‘ Da.!!”’ in the ‘‘ Manual”
signifying its abundance there.

27. T. misella, Zell.

Tinea misella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 292.
FY ;, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 790.

Meyrick gives Yorkshire as the most northern habitat of this
insect, but it occurs in South Durham, if no further north. In
June, 1876, Mr. Sang took it both in Castle Eden Dene and
at Black Halls. No other collector appears to have met with
it except Mr. Gardner, who found it in stables in Hartlepool.
The larva is said to feed upon ‘ pressed skins, dried plant

* T have no idea who supplied the author with this information,—E. R, B.

120 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

stems, fungi, etc.,”’ so it is evidently not very particular in its
food.

28. T. pellionella, Linn.

Tinea pellionella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 292.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 791.

A house insect, generally too common. It is recorded in the
“Manual” as appearing regularly at both Newcastle-on-Tyne
and Darlington. Mr. Stainton adds, at the end of the localities,
‘*no doubt everywhere.”’ The larva feeds in a case on cloth,
feathers, wool, and such like substances, and the moth is of
very general occurrence in houses. Mr. Gardner marks it as

5)7) 9

being taken in Hezleden Dene.

29. T. pallescentella, Stainton.

Tinea pallescentella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 298.
Ae + Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 791.

Meyrick limits the northerly range of this species to Durham,
but Mr. Maling recorded it as a Northumberland insect in the
Transactions for 1875. It was also noted for Northumberland
by the late Mr. Patterson. Itis very common at Hartlepool, and
I have found it so regularly in timber yards, both here and at
West Hartlepool, that the larva must eat sawdust among other
refuse. It may always be disturbed among stacks of sawn
timber, particularly towards the bottom of the piles. Mr.
Gardner also makes note of its abundance in timber yards. It
is not uncommon in houses also among refuse.

30. T. lapella, Hub.

Tinea lapella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 293.
is . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 791.

Of this insect Meyrick says, ‘‘ England to Lancashire,” as
though it did not occur in the north-east of England. It
occurs, however, in both our counties, though perhaps not very
commonly. Mr. Finlay recorded it as ‘‘not plentiful” in
Meldon Park. The ‘‘Manual” gives Darlington as one of the

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 121

places where it occurs regularly. It is found also in Hezleden
Dene, and Mr. Gardner has bred it from birds’ nests collected
there. This is the Z’nea ganomella of Doubleday’s list.

31. T. biselliella, Hiimmel.

Tinea biselliella. Staint. Man., vol ii., p. 293.
Tineola ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 782.

This also is a house insect, much commoner than either
pellionella or pallescentella, the larva living in the lining of
chairs and sofas on the hair with which they are stuffed, or on
wool, cloth, ete. The ‘‘Manual’’ says it is abundant both’ at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington, and I have no doubt it is
equally so everywhere; it certainly is at Hartlepool. Mr.
Backhouse has marked it as occurring in Hoffal Wood, near
Durham, if I am correct in assuming that his 7. destructor is
this species.

32. T. semifulvella, Haw.

Tinea semifulvella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 294.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 792.

This pretty species is well distributed over both counties.

»}%) )

Mr. Finlay met with it in most parts of his district, but never
very commonly, In Durham Mr. Backhouse took it at St.
Johns, in the west of the county. It is recorded from Darlington
in the “‘ Manual,” and Mr. Sang took it on the railway side
there in 1861. It is also not uncommon in Hezleden Dene.
The larva feeds ‘‘ on wool, etc., in nests of birds.”

30. T, bistrigella, Haw.

Tinea bistrigella. Staint. Man., vol. 11, p. 295.
Phylloporia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 783.

The larva of this insect feeds in the leaves of birch, and
though said to be local, appears well distributed in these
counties. Mr. Finlay found it not at all uncommon among
birch around Morpeth. Mr. Sang got it at Wolsingham and in
Castle Eden Dene in May, June, and October. He also found

122 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

pup there on 3rd March, 1884, and subsequently. It occurs
in Hezleden Dene, and Mr. Gardner has also taken it in Upper
Teesdale.

LAMPRONIA, Steph.
04. Lampronia quadripunctella, Steph.

Lampronia quadripunctella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 295.

ss ie Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 781.

Rather a common species, but not recorded for Northumber-
land, which may be beyond its range on the Hast Coast. Mr.
Sang took it at Wolsingham, and all around Darlington, which
is given in the “Manual” as a place where it is abundant.
Mr. Gardner took it beside the ropery at Hartlepool. It also
occurs in Hezleden Dene,. though not very commonly. The
larva feeds in the shoots of rose, and the imago flies in June.

oo. L, luzella, Hub.

_Lampronia luzella. Staint. Man., vol. it, p. 295.
a a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 781.

This species is not recorded from Northumberland, and
Meyrick limits its known northward range to Cumberland. It
is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as found at Castle Hden Dene, and
Mr. Sang took it in 1869 near Darlington (see E.M.M., vi.,
p- 170). It also occurs in Hezleden Dene, but not very
commonly. The larva appears to be unknown.

BO, 1b, joresllencevle, Wyo Wc

Lampronia prelatella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 296.
5 5, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 781.

More widely spread both in Britain and in these counties
than the two preceding species. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”
as occurring regularly both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darling-
ton. Mr. Finlay found it ‘local but plentful,” in the Old
Park, Netherwitton. It occurs in Castle Eden Dene and in
Hezleden Dene, commonly in certain suitable places, but not
everywhere. Mr. Gardner reports it as common in Upper

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 123

Teesdale. The larva feeds in a case from September to May
on wild strawberry. It also has been found on Sprrea ulmaria,
Geum urbanum, Rubus and Alchemilla vulgaris, but it has not
yet been observed on all these plants in Britain.

37. L. rubiella, Bjerk.

Lampronia rubiella. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 296.
i 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 781.

The commonest of the genus, occurring wherever the rasp -
berry grows wild, and also plentiful in gardens among the
cultivated plants. The ‘‘Manual” gives it as occurring
regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and abundantly at Darlington.
Mr. Maling reported it in the Transactions for 1875, as ‘‘ flying
among wild raspberry plants in June” (p. 282). Mr. Back-
house found it in Kepier Wood in Durham at the end of May,
and at Shotley. Mr. Gardner has taken it at Hutton Henry
among cultivated raspberries in Mr. Barron’s garden. It is also
to be found at the reservoir near Benridge among wild rasp-

berries, and in Teesdale.

TEICHOBIA, H.S.

38. Teichobia verhuellella, Stainton.

Teichobia verhuellella. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 296.
a sh Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 777.

Mr. Sang is the only collector who has met with this insect
here. He took it in Castle Eden Dene and at Black Hall
Rocks on 11th June, 1858. He also enters in his diary that he
found larvee at Castle Eden on 4th June, 1865, apparently a
late date. He does not note on what he found the larve. It
is known to burrow among the fructification of Asplenium,
Scolopendrium, and Ceterach. The only one of these at all
common is Scolopendrium vulgare, which is plentiful in the
denes. Asplenium marinum occurs sparingly at Black Halls.
It is very small and stunted there, but as the larva has been
found freely on Asplenium ruta-muraria, the size of the plant

does not seem to matter.

124 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

INCURVARIA, Haw.
39. Incurvaria muscalella, Fab.

Incurvaria muscalella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 297.
* As Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 780.

Generally a common species, and given as abundant both at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington in Stainton’s ‘‘ Manual.”
Mr. Gardner tells me it is also very common in Upper Teesdale.
The larva mines hawthorn leaves when young, and afterwards
lives in a case among the fallen leaves.

40. I. pectinea, Fab.

Incurvaria pectinea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 297.
. 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 780.

Mr. Finlay found this species at Needless Hall Moor, but it
was not very plentiful. The ‘‘ Manual,” however, gives it as
abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne. In Durham it is only re-
corded from Teesdale by Mr. Gardner, who found it not very
common there.

41, I. canariella, Staint.

Incurvaria canariella, Staint. Ent. Ann., 1872, p. 122.

Lamprona pubicorns, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 781
(partim),
This species was not known to science until long after
the publication of the ‘‘Manual.”’ Mr. Gardner is the only
collector who has met with it in either county. He found it in
early June, not uncommon among Rosa spinosissima, at the
low end of Hezleden Dene, and on the sand banks on either
side. Mr. Bankes informs me that although Mr. Meyrick in
his ‘‘ Handbook,” and Dr. Rebel, who in Staudinger and
Rebel’s ‘‘Catalog’’ evidently copied Meyrick, have treated
canariella, Stn., as identical with pubicornis, Haw., these two

species are totally distinct.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 125

NEMOPHORA, Hub.

42, Nemophora swammerdammella, Linn.

Nemophora swammerdammella, Staint. Man., vol.ii., p.298.

» 5 Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep.,
p- 793.

Strange to say I have no record of the occurrence of this
common insect in Durham, beyond an old note of the late W.
Backhouse that he had taken it at Shotley. It is given in the
“Manual” as occurring regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne; Mr.
Finlay reported it as generally distributed in plantations
around Morpeth, and Mr. Maling made exactly the same note,
*‘ venerally distributed in plantations,’’ in the Transactions for
1875, p. 282.

45. WN. schwarziella, Zell.

Nemophora schwarziella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 298.
” 3 Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 793.

Apparently commoner than the last, or more frequently
recorded. It is given in the ‘“‘ Manual”’ as occurring regularly ©
both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington. In Northum-
berland Mr. Finlay found it generally distributed in plantations
around Morpeth; Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 282. In Durham Mr. Backhouse took it at St.
John’s; Mr. Sang got it at Wolsingham in 1872; I found it in
Castle Eden Dene in 1895; and Mr. Gardner has found it
commonly in Hezleden Dene.

ADELA, Latr.

44, Adela fibulella, W.V.

Adela fibulella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 299.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 794.

” )
Occurring regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington,
according to the ‘‘ Manual.”” Yet I have no other record from
Northumberland, though it is certain to occur elsewhere in that
county. In Durham Mr. Sang took it at Castle Eden Dene as

126 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

long ago as 1853, and also near Darlington. At Hartlepool it
is not uncommon on the railway side, and Mr. Gardner, who
has found the cases in early spring, says ‘‘in most places where
Veronica chamedrys grows.” In Germany the larva has also
been found on Veronica officinalis, though not in Britain.

45, A. rufimitrella, Scop.

Adela rufimitrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 299.
A - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 794.

The ‘‘Manual” gives this species as occurring both at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Meyrick on the other
hand limits its northward range to Yorkshire. The only
recorded localities I have been able to find are all close to the
river Tees, the southern boundary of the county of Durham.
Mr. Sang met with it in Dinsdale Wood in June, 1857; on the
railway bank at Croft in May, 1859, and at various dates in
May and June from 1872 to 1880 at Hell Kettles. I do not
think Mr. Wailes, who supplied the Newcastle list for the
‘‘Manual,” ever collected on the Tees-side except in Upper
Teesdale, and it is exceedingly desirable that the place where
he found rufimitrella be rediscovered.

46. A. viridella, Scop.

Adela viridella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 300.
ap Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 795.

Viridella is given in the “ Manual” as being abundant at
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and as occurring at Darlington, though not
in abundance. Mr. Finlay found it generally distributed
around Morpeth. In Hezleden Dene it is very common,* and
Mr. Backhouse took it at Darlington. I have no further
records, but think it will be found in most woods and denes.

* Mr. Gardner, on the contrary, does not believe that A. virddella
occurs at all in Hezleden Dene, for he has collected assiduously there
without ever having met with it.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 127

47. A, cuprella, Thunb.

Adela cuprella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 300.
” 2 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 795.

This extremely local species is given in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as
occurring both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington. I
have no other knowledge of it being taken in either county,
nor can I confirm the ‘‘ Manual” records. It is very desirable
that it should be met with again. The insect is on the wing
at the end of April, and Meyrick says it frequents the flowers
of Salix caprea.

NEMOTOIS, Hub.
48. Nemotois cupriacellus, Hub.

Nemotois cupriacellus. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 301.
s An Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 796.

The only record of the capture of this species is an entry in
Mr. Sang’s diary that he took it near Darlington on 22nd July,
1874,

MICROPTERYGIDZ.

MICROPTERYX, Hub.
49, Micropteryx calthella, Linn.

Micropteryx calthelia. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 302.
Eriocephala 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 806.

A very common insect. It is recorded in the ‘‘ Manual” as
being abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington.
Mr. Finlay found it in plenty at the Old Park, Netherwitton;
Mr. Backhouse got it at Shotley, and in Hoffall Wood near
Durham; I have taken it at Black Hall Rocks, and Mr.
Gardner says ‘‘ very common on the sea banks and in Hezleden
Dene. I have seen it in myriads on the flowers of the sand
rose.”

50. M. seppella, Fab.

Micropteryx seppella, Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 308.
Ervocephala aruncella, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 806
(parti).
Stainton gives seppella as distinct from aruncella, but

128 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Meyrick says ‘‘the variety of the ¢ with a posterior costal
mark has long been regarded as a distinct species under the
name of seppella; but the two forms are connected by gradual
transitions.”’ Mr. Bankes also believes that seppella, Fabr., is
merely a variety of aruncella, Scop. I use the name seppella
as Stainton did so, and also because the form so-called appears
to be the only one known in this district. The ‘‘ Manual”
marks it as occurring regularly both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and
at Darlington. Mr. Sang took it at Castle Eden Dene as long
ago as 1853; on the railway banks, Darlington, in 1872, and at
Hartlepool in 1889; Mr. Backhouse took it at St. John’s; and
Mr. Gardner has taken it on the Hartlepool sand banks,
especially common on the spiny rose.

51. M. allionella, Fab.

Micropteryx allionella. Staint. Man., vol. it, p. 303.
Eriocephala aureatella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 806.

This is given in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as occurring at Newcastle-
on-Tyne regularly and at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it
scarce at Longwitton Garden House. Mr. Sang took it at
Wolsingham in June, 1877 and 1878. I have no other records
than these. It is a ‘‘local” species, generally occurring in
woods.

52. M, thunbergella, Fab.
Micropteryx thunbergella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 308.
Ervocephala H Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 806.

Generally a common species in woods. I have, however, no
records from our district but those of the ‘‘ Manual,” which
gives it as occurring regularly both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and
Darlington.

53. M. purpurella, Haw.
Micropteryx purpurella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 803.
7 ke Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 803.

No doubt a common species, but the only record I have found
is the ‘‘ Manual’’ note of its regular occurrence at Newcastle-

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 129

on-Tyne. The larva feeds in birch leaves, causing a blotch
in them.

o4, M. salopiella, Staint.

Micropteryx salopiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 303.
sp 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 808.

Rather a local species, and not extending very far north.
Our only record is that Mr. Sang took larve of it at High
Force in August, 1877. Like the last it makes a blotch in
birch leaves.

oo. M. Semipurpurella, Steph.

Micropteryx semipurpurella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 304.
> 5 Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 804.

A common species, notwithstanding the paucity of records.
It is marked in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring regularly at
Newecastle-on-Tyne. It is common in Hezleden Dene, and Mr.
Gardner tells me it is also common in Upper Teesdale.

56. M,. sangii, Wood.
Micropteryx sangit. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 804.

Discovered since the publication of the ‘‘ Manual,” and only
taken here by Mr. Sang, after whom it is named. He found
larvee on the railway banks near Darlington on 7th June, 1866.
Meyrick, however, appears to doubt its occurrence in Durham,
giving, as its habitat, “‘South of England to Herts and Here-
ford,” and marking Durham with a “ ?.”

57. M. unimaculella, Zett.

Micropteryx unimaculella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 304.
- f Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 804.
Another insect generally common, but scarcely recorded here.
The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as of regular occurrence at Newcastle-
on-Tyne, and in Durham Mr. Gardner has found it in Upper
Teesdale. I know of no other notices of its appearance in
these counties.

130 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

58. M. Ssparmanella, Bose.

Micropteryx sparmanella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 304.
‘ 4 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 803.

Not recorded from Northumberland, and in Durham only
from Upper Teesdale. Mr. Sang met with it at High Force on
Ist August,* 1878, and Mr. Gardner has taken the moth at
Sharnbery Gill in Teesdale.

59. Micropteryx subpurpurella, Haw.

Micropteryx subpurpurella, Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 304.
» ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 805.

A very abundant species, apparently occurring freely every-
where. The oldest record I have seen is in Stephens’ Ilustra-
tions (Haust., vol. iv., p. 359), where it is given, on the
authority of the late George Wailes, as taken at Newcastle-
on-Tyne. The ‘‘Manual” also gives it as of regular
occurrence both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr.
Finlay found it ‘‘not uncommonly” in the Old Park, Nether-
witton; Mr. Backhouse met with it in Hoffall Wood, near
Durham; Mr. Sang got it near Darlington and at Eggleston.
Mr. Gardner took it in Hezleden Dene, where it is common, as
well as in Upper Teesdale.

SWAMMERDAMIA, Hb.

60. Swammerdamia apicella, Don.

Swammerdamia apicella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 305.
a combinella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 769.

Generally a common species. It is recorded as occurring
regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington in Stainton’s
‘‘Manual.”? Mr. Finlay found it commonly on plum trees in
Meldon Park. At Darlington Mr. Sang took it on the railway
side on 17th June, 1872, and Mr. Thomas Laws bred it from

* The species being single-brooded, and the moth out in April and May,
this date doubtless refers to the finding of the larva.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 131

a larva found there on plum (Ent. Weekly Intell., vol. i,
p. 77). Mr. Gardner has also taken.it in Hezleden Dene, and
the late Mr. W. Backhouse met with it at St. John’s.

61. S. oxyacanthella, Dup.
Swammerdamia cesiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 306
(partim).
5 lutarea. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 769
(partim).
This name does not appear in the ‘‘ Manual,’”’ but Mr. Bankes
telis me that the hawthorn-eating insect to which it belongs,
and the closely allied blackthorn-eating species S. spiniedla,
Hub., are confused together there under the name ‘‘ ceszella,”’
though the statement ‘‘ Larva on hawthorn” refers to oxy-
acanthella only. Iam, however, unable to tell to which of the
two species the ‘‘ Manual” entries, indicating abundance at
Darlington and Newcastle-on-Tyne, are really applicable,
though it is quite likely that this and spwella, Hub., are
plentiful in both localities.

62. S. spiniella, Hub.
Swammerdamia cesiella, Staint. Man., vol. 1i., p. 306

(partim).

ts ‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 769

(partim).

This species was, owing to imperfect knowledge, included

with the last in Stainton’s notice of S. cestedla in the ‘‘ Manual,”’

and as mentioned above, it may well be that this, as well as

the preceding, is abundant at Darlington and Newcastle-on-

Tyne. They are both common insects, and this is certainly the
insect Mr. Finlay found freely in the Old Park, Netherwitton.

62a. S. griseo-capitella, Stain.
Swammerdamia griseo-capitella. Staint. Man., vol. ii.,
p. 306.

on heroldella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p- 769.

A double-brooded species, on the wing according to Stainton
in May and August, but here occurring in June and September.

132 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

The ‘‘Manual”’ gives it as of regular appearance at both
Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr. Sang took it at
Wolsingham on 13th June, 1872, 21st June, 1877, and 28th
September, 1881. Mr. Gardner has taken it in Hezleden Dene.

63. S. lutarea, Haw.

Swammerdamia lutarea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 306.
- 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 769
(partim).
A comparatively scarce insect here as elsewhere, whose larva
feeds on mountain-ash. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as
occurring at Darlington. Mr. Sang only enters it in his diary
as being taken at Whessoe Fox Cover.

64. S. pyrella, Vill.

Swammerdama pyrella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 306.
x , Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 770.

A generally common species. Marked in the “Manual” as
being abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne. Mr. Finlay found it
very plentiful at Meldon Park in June. Though it is not
marked in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at Darlington, Mr. Sang
found the larve there in Grange Road. Mr. Backhouse has
taken it in Weardale at St. John’s, and Mr. Gardner has met
with it in Hezleden Dene.

HY PONOMEUTA, Latr.

65. Hyponomeuta padellus, Linn.

Hyponomeuta padellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 308.
Yponomeuta 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 696.

A common species in England, but apparently not extending
to Scotland. The ‘‘Manual” marks it as occurring regularly
both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. It is common
in Weardale, and Mr. Backhouse took it at Shotley; it is
plentiful too near Stockton-on-Tees and in Teesdale. We do
not find the species about Hartlepool, nor have I any record
of its occurrence near the coast.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 133

66. H. evonymellus,* Scop.

Hyponomeuta evonymellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 308.
‘ponomeuta cognatellus. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 696.

Generally common, but, like the last, apparently not reaching
Scotland. It is not marked in the ‘‘Manual’’ from our district,
ror have I found any record for Northumberland, the most
northern locality being Chopwell, where Mr. Patterson took it.
Mr. Sang met with it at Hartburn, Mr. Backhouse got it at
Darlington, and Mr. Gardner found it in Hezleden Dene. It
formerly occurred in Hart Lane, still nearer Hartlepool, where
there was a solitary spindle tree in the hedge. There the larva
could always be found in large numbers, but I have not seen it
for many years.

oe EL. padi,* Zell.

Hyponomeuta padi. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 308.
Yponomeuta evonymellus. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 695.

The ‘‘ Manual” gives this species as oceurring abundantly at
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and Mr. Finlay found it generally common
among bird-cherry around Morpeth, which is probably the most
northern known station for the species. Mr. Backhouse found
it at Shotley, and Mr. Gardner has also found it in Weardale,
as well as in Upper Teesdale. It does not occur near Hartle-
pool, but other localities than these will probably yet be found.
I have seen it abundantly just south of the Tees on the Yarm
road. Possibly it avoids the coast.

ANESYCHIA, Steph.
68. Anesychia funerella, Fab.
Anesychia funerella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 309.
Psecadia - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 631.
A very local species, only recorded here from Barnard Castle.

* Care must be taken not to confuse these species. The oldest known
name of No. 66, which feeds on Huonymus, is cognatellus, Hb., while that
of No. 67, which feeds on Prunus padus, is evonymellus, Lin., but the
author’s invariable rule throughout this Catalogue has been to adopt the
names used in Stainton’s “‘ Manual.”—E, R. B.

134 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Meyrick gives its northern distribution as ‘‘ York to Cumber-
land”’; and Barnard Castle, in West Durham, is not far from
Cumberland. I have no other record but that of Mr. Sang,
who took it there on 2nd June, 1865.

PRAYS, Hub.
69. Prays curtisellus, Don.

Prays curtisellus. Staint. Man., vol. u1., p. 310.
” ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 694.

A common species, very generally distributed. The ‘‘ Manual”
gives both Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington ‘as places where
it occurs regularly. .Mr. Finlay found it scarce to the west of
Netherwitton ; Mr. Maling says, ‘‘ In June, at rest on palings.
Very variable, some specimens nearly black. Found the larve
feeding in young shoots of ash in May” (Trans., 1875, p. 282).
Mr. Corder took it near Sunderland. In Hezleden Dene both
the type and the dark variety (var. rustica, Haw.) are very
common. There it sits on tree trunks. Mr. Backhouse also
records it from Shotley.

PLUTELLA, Schrk.
70. Plutella cruciferarum, Zell.

Plutella cruciferarum. Staint. Man., vol. 11, p. 312.
- os Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 702.

This is recognised as one of the more injurious of the Lepi-
doptera, though I am doubtful if it does as much harm as it is
blamed for. It is always common everywhere; and occasionally,
from immigration or other cause, it appears in enormous numbers.
The eggs are laid on cruciferous plants, especially on the turnip,
and the swarms of young larve devour the leaves of the
springing turnips. But the turnip is a quick grower, and soon
recovers the loss of the earlier leaves, though it must doubtless
be more or less thrown back. A few years ago this moth seemed
to come across the sea in unusually large numbers. The swarm
appeared first on the sea coast, and gradually spread inland,
missing certain sheltered places as it went on. This year, 1905,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 135

it has again been unusually abundant on the coast, and its
appearance in great numbers in the streets of Hartlepool appears
to me to point only to immigration.* It is called the ‘‘ Turnip
Moth,”’ from its habit of attacking the turnip, then in its early
stage; and the ‘“‘ Diamond-back Moth,” from the row of pale
diamond-shaped marks down the back of the perfect insect
when the wings are closed.

71. P. porrectella, Linn.

Plutella porrectella. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 812.
- os Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 701.

The ‘‘Manual”’ gives this as abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne,
and occurring regularly at Darlington. It is doubtless common
everywhere in gardens where the food plant, Hesperis
matronalis, is grown. Mr. Finlay found it in plenty in the
gardens at Meldon Park. Mr. Backhouse records it in gardens
at Neweastle-on-Tyne and at Shotley, and Mr. Gardner also
says it is common in gardens among Hesperis matronalis, near
Hezleden Dene.

72. P. annulatella, Curt.

Plutella annulatella. Staint. Man., vol, i, p. 312.
a e Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 702.

Mr. Wailes reported this as being abundant at Newcastle-on-
Tyne in the Entomologists’ Weekly Intelligencer, vol. i., p. 187.
It is also given in the ‘“‘Manual” as being abundant there.
- Mr. Sang found it at Hartlepool in 1879, but neither Mr.
Gardner nor I have taken it. I know of no other localities.
It appears to be an insect of peculiar distribution. Stainton
gives Newcastle-on-Tyne, Scarborough, Belfast, and the Isle of
Portland. Meyrick says ‘‘ Devon, Dorset, Denbigh, and York
to the Orkneys, N. and E. Ireland.”

* In occasional years this species suddenly appears in 8. England in
such immense and unwonted numbers that immigration seems to be the
only rational explanation of the phenomenon. Nor can IJ recall any such
invasion without similar ones, at about the same time, having been noticed

in the cases of some other migratory species, of which Plusta gamma is one
of the best known.—E, R. B.

136 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

73. BP. dalella, Staint.

Plutella dalella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 312.
i es Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 702.

An insect rather of northern habitat. It is given in the
‘‘ Manual” as abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne. Mr. Sang took
it at Waskerley, Durham. The larva feeds on Arabis, which
is common enough in most places.

CEROSTOMA, Latr.

74. Cerostoma sequella, Cl.

Cerostoma sequella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 313.
- Ae Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 701.

This is recorded in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring regularly at
Darlington, near which town Mr. Sang took it almost every
year from 1854 to 1871; he also captured it at Eggleston in
Upper Teesdale in September, 1879. Mr. Gardner has also
met with it in Teesdale, but reports it as very scarce. It is a
local species and not very common.

75. C. vittella, Linn.

Cerostoma vittella. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 318.
a Ks Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 701.

The ‘‘ Manual” gives this insect as occurring at Neweastle-
on-Tyne, and abundant at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it
not uncommonly at Meldon Park near Morpeth. Mr. Sang
took it near Darlington at various dates from 1854 to 1881.
Mr. Gardner reports it as very common in Hezleden Dene,
where I have taken it myself.

76. C,. radiatella, Don.

Cerostoma radiatella, Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 318.
” as Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 700.

A very common species. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as
abundant both at Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr.
Finlay found it generally distributed and common at the end of

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 137

August and in September. Mr. Maling too recorded it in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 282. In Durham I have no doubt
it is well distributed and common in most places, but the only
records I have are that Mr. Gardner found it freely both in
Castle Eden Dene and in Hezleden Dene, and that Mr.
Backhouse got it at Shotley.

77. C, costella, Fab.

Cerostoma costella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 314.
5 " Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 700.

Generally well distributed and common. It is given in the

‘¢ Manual’”’

as being abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and
occurring regularly at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it all
over the Morpeth district, but never very common. Mr.
Maling also recorded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 282.
In Durham Mr. Backhouse took it at Shotley, and Mr. Sang at
Castle Eden Dene, as far back as 1854. Mr. Gardner has
subsequently taken it there as well as in Hezleden Dene. He

found it common in both places.

78. C,. lucella, Fab.

Cerostoma lucella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 314.
. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 700.

A very local and rather scarce species. No one appears to
have taken it in these counties but Mr. Sang, who got it at
Elders, near Darlington, in 1869, 1870, and 1871, according to
his diary. In the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. vi.,
p. 170, he records the capture of this insect and says that
when beaten out of young oaks ‘‘by day they generally drop
straight down, but not towards evening.”’

79. (C. scabrella, Linn.

Cerostoma scabrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 814.
i - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 699.

A very local species, and apparently only occurring here in
the neighbourhood of Darlington. It is givenin the ‘‘ Manual”

138 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

as being taken there commonly, and Mr. Sang’s diary has
various entries of its occurrence in August from 1853 down to
1878. No one else appears to have met with the species.

80. C. nemorella, Linn.

Cerostoma nemorella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 315.
sa 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 699.

Another rather local species, but fairly well distributed here.
The earliest notice of its occurrence that I have seen is in
Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. 4, p. 17, where Mr. Wailes records
it from Neweastle and Meldon Park. Mr. Finlay reports it as
being scarce in Coal Law Wood. Mr. Maling recorded it in the
Transactions for 1875 as beaten from honeysuckle. Mr. Sang
took it at Castle Eden at dates from 1854 to 1859, and Mr,
Gardner says it occurs in Hezleden Dene, but is not common
there. The ‘‘Manual”’ gives it as occurring at Darlington,
but if the insects referred to are Mr. Sang’s captures they were
obtained at Castle Eden.

81. C. xylostella, Linn.

Cerostoma «xylostella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 315.
6s A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 698.

A common and generally distributed species. The “ Manual”’
gives it as occurring commonly at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and
abundant at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it over all his
district, and always common. Mr. Maling recorded it in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 282, as beaten from honeysuckle in
August. Mr. Backhouse took it at Shotley, St. John’s, ete.
It is also very common in Castle Eden and Hezleden Dene.

ORTHOTALIA, Steph.

82. Orthotelia sparganella, Thunb.

Orthotelia sparganella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 318.
4 Ms Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 697.

‘A local species, the larva of which feeds in the leaves and
stems of water plants, Sparganium, Iris, etc. The only record

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 139

from this district is that Mr. Sang took it at Hell Kettles, near
Darlington, in August, 1881. He took one on the 6th and four
more subsequently, so that it was evidently a very scarce insect
there. Mr. Gardner took one at a brick pond near Hartlepool
some years ago. This pond is now filled up, but there are
plants of Sparganium in some of the ditches near.

PHIBALOCERA, Steph.

83. Phibalocera quercana, Fab.

Phibalocera quercana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 319.
Carcina i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 613.

A very common species generally, yet I have had no record
sent to me of its occurrence here, and the only notice of it in
our district is in the ‘‘ Manual,” where it is marked as occurring
at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and regularly at Darlington. I do not
think it is found in Scotland, yet it is singular that no one
appears to have met with it during the last half century. It
may be that it has left the district, but this seems very unlikely.
Can no one find it now? The larva feeds on oak, beech, etc.,
and the moth should be beaten from these.

EXAERETIA, Stain.

84. Exeeretia allisella, Stain.

Exeretia allisella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 320.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 618.

” oe)

A very local species, and, so far, not taken in Northumber-
land. Indeed I have but two localities in Durham, though
others are sure to be found when this group is collected. The
insect is not uncommon on the railway side, Hartlepool, and
Mr. Gardner tells me it also occurs on the banks of the Wear
at Chester-le-Street. The larva feeds in stems and roots of
Artemisia, and I expect where that is plentiful the insect will
be found.

140 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

DEPRESSARIA, Hav.

85. Depressaria costosa, Haw.

Depressaria costosa. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 320.
5 “ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 620.

Generally distributed and common. It is given in the
‘‘Manual” as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and regularly
so at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it in all parts of his
district, and not uncommon. Mr. Maling recorded it in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 282. Mr. Sang found it at Castle
Eden as well as Darlington. Around Hartlepool it is tolerably
common. Mr. Corder has also taken it at Sunderland. The
larva feeds on furze, broom and kindred plants.

86. D. liturella, W.V. -

Depressaria liturella. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 320.
3 ee Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 621.

The earliest record of this insect is in Stephens’ Illustrations,
vol. iv., p. 200, where Mr. Wailes recorded it from Gibside
under the name of sparrmanniana. Then the ‘ Manual”
reports it as occurring regularly both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and
Darlington. Subsequently Mr. Finlay found it generally dis-
tributed in the Morpeth district, and not at all uncommon.
Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions for 1875,
p. 282. In Durham, besides Mr. Wailes’ Gibside record,
Mr Backhouse got it at Shotley. Mr. Sang found it at Hell
Kettles, and we have bred it at Hartlepool. The larva rolls up
the leaves of knapweed.

87. D. umbellana, Steph.

Depressaria umbellana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 321.
‘ Fe Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 621.

Another furze-eating species, but decidedly rarer than costosa.
It is recorded for Darlington in the ‘‘Manual,’”’ and Mr.
Finlay found it at Meldon Park, though always rare. Mr. Sang
took it at Waskerley and at Castle Eden Dene. Mr. Gardner
also has taken it at Hartlepool and bred it freely from furze.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 141

88. D. assimilella, Tr.

Depressaria assimilella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 321.
” ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 621.

I have only one record of the species beyond that of the
*‘Manual,’’ which is that it is abundant at Newcastle-on-
Tyne, and occurs regularly at Darlington. Mr. Backhouse
found it at Shotley and at St. John’s.

89. D. nanatella, Stain.

Depressaria nanatella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 321.
as . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 622.

This local species is only recorded from the neighbourhood of
Hartlepool, where Mr. Sang met with it in 1880 and again in
1884. The larva feeds on the carline thistle, which is common
about Black Halls, and on the railway banks from Hart Station
northward. Mr. Gardner has bred it freely from larve found
in Crimdon Cut.

90. D.scopariella, Hein.
Depressaria atomella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 322
(partim)
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 621
(partim)

The larva of this species, which is confused with atomella in
both Stainton’s ‘Manual’ and Meyrick’s ‘‘ Handbook,”’ feeds
on broom, which grows freely on the railway banks about
Darlington. There Mr. Sang took scopariella in 1861 and
again in 1866. It has not been recorded elsewhere in either
county, but may be expected in the west of Durham among the

”? 2)

food plant.

91. D. arenella, W.V.
Depressaria arenella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 322.
‘3 a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 622.
Rather more generally distributed than the preceding. It is
given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne,
and regularly at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it in Meldon

142 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Park. Mr. Sang found larve in July at Castle Eden, and also
on the railway side at Darlington. Mr. Gardner has taken it
in Hezleden Dene, and I have found it in Crimdon Cut close to
the Dene.

92. D. subpropinquella, Stain.

Depressaria subpropinguella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 322.

” ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 623.

Of the occurrence of this insect I have but a single record.
Mr. Sang found larve at Black Hall Rocks on 26th June, 1861,
and reared the moths. It feeds on the underside of thistle
leaves, and is certain to be found elsewhere when looked for.

93. D. alstroemeriana, Cl.

Depressaria alstremeriana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 323,
5 ss Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 625.

A species widely distributed and locally common. The larva
feeds on hemlock, rolling up the leaflets. The earliest record of
the insect here is in Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 202,
where Mr. Wailes says it occurs at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The
next is the ‘‘Manual”’ that it is abundant there, and occurs
regularly at Darlington. Mr. Maling records it in the Trans-
actions for 1875, p. 282. At Sunderland Mr. Corder has taken
it, while around Hartlepool it is very plentiful both in August
- and in spring after hibernation. Mr. Bankes has met with it at
Seaton Carew.

94. D. hypericella, Tr.

Depressaria hypericella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 328.
- ¥ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 628.

Recorded in the ‘‘Manual”’ as occurring regularly both at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. I have no other record for
Northumberland. Mr. Sang found it on the Tees side near
Blackwell Bridge, and it has been taken at Castle Eden by Mr.
Bankes. It is very abundant in Hezleden Dene. The larve
screw up the heads of the Hypericum before they flower, and the

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 143

imagines fly in the same places later in the year. I have no
doubt but it may be found in most places in the district, except
perhaps the more northern portions of Northumberland.

95. D. conterminella, Zell.
Depressaria conterminella. Staint. Man., vol. it., p. 324.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 624.
This is given in the ‘“‘Manual”’ as appearing regularly at
Darlington. Mr. Sang took it there by the river side near Old
Croft Bridge. I have seen no other record, but it is certain to

” ”

occur elsewhere among willows in the terminal shoots of which
the larva feeds,

96. D. angelicella, Hub.

Depressaria angelicella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 324.
A a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 625.

Mr. Finlay records this as taken at Needless Hall Moor.
Mr. Maling also gives it as a Northumbrian insect in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 282. The ‘‘Manual”’ gives it as
occurring at Darlington, but it is not entered in Mr. Sang’s
diary. Mr. Gardner has taken it in Hezleden Dene, where it
is common, and also near Hartlepool. I have bred it freely
from leaves of Heracleum sphondylium. My. Bankes tells me
this is an unusual food in Britain. I can only say that the
larva is very abundant upon it around Hartlepool, and I never
saw it on anything else.

964. D. carduella, Hub.

Depressaria carduella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 324.
9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 6238.

A local insect that feeds on thistle, and is given by Meyrick
as extending northwards to Westmoreland. I have no record
of its occurrence in Northumberland, and in Durham it has only
been met with at Hawthorn Tower, near Seaham Harbour,
where a specimen was captured by Mr. Bankes on August 27th,
1885.

144 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

97. D,. ocellana, Fab.

Depressaria ocellana. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 824.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 624.

99 be)

A common species generally, yet the only record is Darling-
ton in the ‘‘ Manual.’’ The larva feeds between sallow leaves,
and I expect the species will turn up in many other places.

98. D.applana, Fab.

Depressaria applana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 325.
Meyr. Hdbk, Brit. Lep., p. 626.

9 ”

The larva of this insect is not very particular in its choice of
food, and I have no doubt it occurs nearly everywhere, except
perhaps on the higher moorland. Records however are not so
numerous. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as abundant both at New-
castle-on-Tyne and at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it common
in Meldon Park and elsewhere. He marks it, like arenedla,
‘‘ October and in spring,” but the insect emerges in August,
continuing on the wing through October before retiring for
hibernation. Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions
for 1875, p. 282. It is very common everywhere around
Hartlepool, and vies with alstremeriana for abundance in

spring.

99. D. ciliella, Stain.

Depressaria ciliella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 325.
of - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 626.

Widely distributed and not uncommon locally. Mr. Finlay
found it ‘not uncommon ’’ in Meldon Park in ‘‘ October and in
spring.” Mr. Maling, however, thought it rare. See Trans-
actions for 1875, p. 282. It is also given in the “‘ Manual” as
occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The only record I have for
Durham is that Mr. Gardner bred a fine series from larve got
in Hezleden Dene upon Angelica.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 145

100. D. pulcherrimella, Stain.

Depressaria pulcherrimella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 326.

Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 629.

Rather a local species, but fairly well distributed here,
occurring in most places from whence I have any records. Mr.
Finlay found it in most parts of his district, but always scarce.
The “ Manual”’ gives it as occurring at Darlington. Mr. Sang
took it at Eggleston, Upper Teesdale, on the railway side at
Croft, and at Castle Eden. We have found it in Hezleden
Dene, and Mr. Gardner has taken it in Upper Teesdale.

oP ”?

101. D. weirella, Stain.

Depressaria weirella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 327.
“i ‘5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 629.

A local species that is recorded for Lancashire. The only

record I have is that Mr. Sang took it on the Tees side above
Darlington in August, 1878 and 1881.

102. D. cherophylii, Zell.

Depressaria cherophylli. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 327.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 628.

Rather a local species, and little known in these counties.
It is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as having occurred at Newcastle-
on-Tyne, and Mr. Maling records it in the Transactions for
1875, p. 282. Mr. Sang found larve in Grange Road, Darling-
ton, on 30th June, 1864. I have seen no other records.

oe) ?

103. D. nervosa, Haw.

Depressaria nervosa. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 327.
s 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 630.

A common species, extending far to the north, yet little
noticed here. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as having occurred at
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and Mr. Maling recorded it in the Trans-
actions for 1875, p. 282. Mr. Sang does not appear to have
met with it, but Mr. Gardner took it at Greatham.

146 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

104. D. badiella, Hub.

Depressaria badiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 328.
Pe 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 627.

Meyrick gives Yorkshire as its most northerly known station,
but it occurs both in Northumberland and Durham, though I
have but few records. Mr. Maling includes it in his list in the
Transactions for 1875, p. 282. Mr. Sang took it on the railway
banks at Darlington in 1878, and it was captured at Hawthorn
Tower, near Seaham Harbour, by Mr. Bankes in 1885.

105. D. pastinacella, Stain.

Depressaria pastinacella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 328.
- diserpunctella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 680.

A local species, and only taken in these counties by Mr.
Gardner, who captured it at Greatham.

106. D. heracliana, De Geer.

Depressaria herachana. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 328.
A. ee Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 629.

A very common insect, no doubt occurring wherever the food
plant grows. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as being abundant both
at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington.. Mr. Maling recorded
it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 282. Mr. Corder has taken
it at Sunderland, and it is very plentiful all around Hartlepool.
_ The larva feeds in the seed heads of Heracleum sphondylium.

GELECHIA, Hub.

107. Gelechia cinerella, Cl.

Gelechia cinerella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 329.
Recurvaria ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 607.

The only Northumbrian record I have of this insect is that
the late J. B. Hodgkinson marked it in a list he supplied me of
insects he had taken in the west of that county. In Durham
Mr. Backhouse got it at Shotley, the ‘‘ Manual” marks it as
occurring regularly at Darlington, and Mr. Sang took it there

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 147

as well as in Castle Eden Dene, where Mr. Bankes also took it
in 1885. Mr. Gardner took it at Hartlepool in 1879, and more
recently in Upper Teesdale.

108. G,. rufescens, Haw.

Gelechia rufescens. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 329.
Brachmia _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 606.

An insect that appears to have been seldom taken in these
counties. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions for 1875,
p- 282. In Durham Mr. Sang met with it at Seaton Carew
over fifty years ago. Since then Mr. Gardner has taken it at
Greatham, not far from Seaton Carew, and also at Hartlepool.

(Gelechia populella is marked by Mr. Hodgkinson as having
been taken by him in West Northumberland. I am inclined to
think he has made a mistake, and therefore do not include it
in the list. It does not occur in Lancashire, nor is there any
record in Yorkshire north of Scarborough and York. Perhaps
some of the Northumbrian collectors will make special search
for this insect, the larva of which feeds on sallow, birch, or
poplar, rolling up the leaves).

109. G. nigra, Haw.

Gelechia nigra. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 380.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 599.

This insect is given in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as having occurred at
_Neweastle-on-Tyne. Meyrick gives its range as from “ Kent to
Norfolk, Hereford, Northumberland.’’ Wailes, who supplied
the Newcastle-on-Tyne list, collected not only in Northumber-
land, but in North Durham, and even in Castle Eden Dene.
But I am inclined to doubt the correctness of the record
altogether, only I cannot well exclude it here. May I direct
the attention of the Newcastle collectors to the need of con-

”) 9)

firming the occurrence of the species. Wailes collected chiefly
in Meldon Park and the Morpeth district, and in the valley of
the Derwent. This is the Gelechia cautella of Doubleday’s
list. The larva feeds on poplar between united leaves.

148 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

110. G. velocella, Dup.

Gelechia velocella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 331.
” » Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 602.

Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson’s list is the only notice I have of this
species. It is an insect that occurs on the west of the island,
and not so unlikely to occur as populella. I therefore include
it here, making this note.

111. G,. fumatella, Del.

Gelechia fumatella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 331.
,, distinctella, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 601

; (partim).
Two specimens, taken at Hartlepool by Mr. Gardner, have
been identified as undoubtedly belonging to this species by Mr.
Bankes, who adds that Meyrick is certainly in error in treating
Jumatella, Dgl., as identical with distinctella, Z., these two
species being abundantly distinct in all their forms. Pumatella
is marked by Mr. Hodgkinson as occurring in West Northum-
berland, but Mr. Bankes tells me that the unconfirmed entry
must not be accepted, for (1) fwmatella seems to be entirely
confined, in Britain, to the coast line, and (2) Hodgkinson’s
determinations of the more obscure and less well-known micro-
lepidoptera, such as this, were frequently proved to be
erroneous, to say nothing of the fact that he relied upon his

memory, instead of upon notes, for details about his captures.

112. G,. ericetella, Hub.

Gelechia ericetella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 381.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 608.

An abundant insect on heathery moors, probably occurring
wherever there is heather or heath. Mr. Finlay says ‘‘on the
moors, plentiful, May and June.” Mr. Maling also recorded it
in the Transactions for 1875, p. 282. Mr. Gardner found it
common on the borders of Hardwick Dene, also near Sheraton,
and very common on the moors in Teesdale, and Mr. Back-
house got it at St. Jolin’s.

9 9)

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 149

113. G,. mulinella, Zell.

Gelechia mulinella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 331.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 603.

A common insect among whin and broom, the larva living on
the flowers. The ‘‘Manual”’ gives it as occurring at New-
eastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr. Maling also recorded it in
the Transactions for 1875, p. 282. Mr. Sang found it on the
railway side at Darlington, and larve at Coniscliffe. Mr. Gardner
reports it as common in Crimdon Cut, near Hartlepool. It
probably occurs in most places where the food grows freely.

3) )

114. G. longicornis, Curt.

Gelechia longicornis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 332.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 603.

Rather a common insect, recorded in the ‘‘ Manual” as
occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne. Mr. Finlay says it is scarce
to the west of Netherwitton. Mr. Hodgkinson also marked it
in his list of West Northumberland captures. In Durham the
only places where it has been taken are Wolsingham, where
Mr. Sang met with it in June, 1872, and St. John’s, where Mr.
Backhouse got it.

oP) )

115. G. terrella, Hub.

Gelechia terrella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 333.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 590.

99 )

A very abundant species everywhere. The larva is said to
feed on grass at the base of the stems, which may account for
its abundance, as well as for the length of time it was not

known.

116. G, desertella, Dgl.

Gelechia desertella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 333.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 590.

3) ”)

This is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring regularly at
Darlington, but the specimens referred to were taken at Seaton
Carew. Mr. Sang also found it at South Shields, and it is

150 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

common on the sandhills at Hartlepool, and probably all along
the coast. There is no record for Northumberland, but I see
no reason why it should not occur there also.

117. G. politella, Dgl.

Gelechia politella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 333.
5 4 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 590.

This is the expolitella of Doubleday. Mr. Hodgkinson
reported it from the west of Northumberland, and Mr. Finlay
found it plentiful at Needless Hall Moor. The only Durham
record is that of Mr. Garduer, who found it both in Upper
Teesdale and at Hartlepool. It is a local species, not occurring
either in the extreme north or the extreme south of our island.

118. G. intaminatella, Stain.

Gelechia intaminatella. Staint., Ent. WK. Int., vii., p. 140.
Aristotelia pulveratella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 576.

This species was introduced to our lists shortly after the
publication of the ‘‘ Manual.” It was first taken in Britain by
Mr. C. Eales on the railway banks some two miles from Dar-
lington, and was noticed by Mr. Stainton in the ‘‘ Entomologist’s
Weekly Intelligencer,” vol. vii., p. 140, and there named
Gelechia intaminatella. It has since been recognised as
identical with pulveratella, which had been previously described
by Herrich-Schaffer. Sang found the larva at Darlington feed-
ing between united leaves of Lotws corniculatus, and on the
Continent it also feeds in the same way on Coronilla varta and
Medicago sativa, whilst a single specimen is recorded (Ent.
Ann. 1864, p. 165) as having been bred from Achillea
millefolium, though this does not appear to have been confirmed
as a food plant.

119. G. acuminatella, Sire.

Gelechia acuminatella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 838.
a Ff Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 590.

Mr. Finlay found this insect ‘“‘ fairly common” in Meldon
Park, Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson also included it in his list

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 151

of West Northumberland captures. Mr. Sang’s captures in
Durham were at Castle Eden Dene, at Black Hall Rocks, at
Aycliffe Station and Aycliffe quarry, and at several places near
Darlington; Mr. Gardner also has taken it near Greatham.
Mr. Sang found a larva on a plant he did not know, which Mr.
Stainton said seemed to be a Cirsium. The larva appears
always to feed on thistles.

120. G. gracilella, Stain.
Gelechia gracilella. Staint. Ent. Ann., 1871, p. 97.
acuminatella, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 590

(partim).
Respecting this insect Mr. Stainton says, ‘‘ Mr. C. Eales, of

?

South Shields, has sent me three specimens of a G'elechia which
he believes to be new, and for which he proposes the above
name. They were taken in a green lane, about a mile from
South Shields, on the 29th May, flying at dusk among hawthorn.
I am strongly of opinion that these specimens really do repre-
sent a Gelechia hitherto unknown to us; certainly I know of
no species to which they can be referred.” ‘' Two of them
come very close to the male of G. acuminatella, but the hind
margin of the anterior wings is more rounded ; moreover, one of
these two is a female, and therefore very different from the
small pointed-winged female of G. acwminatelia.’”’ (Ent. Ann.,
not tsp. 97):

Mr. Eales writes concerning it—‘‘ Ever since I took the first
specimen of this insect in 1870, I have done my best to make it
common; but up to the present season I have not obtained
more than a dozen specimens; the locality where I took most
of them has been taken for building ground, and the hedgerows
replaced with brick walls. There yet remain two other places
where it has occurred singly, and where I hope to obtain
specimens for my friends.’’ (Ent., viii., 197).

Mr. Stainton’s note shows clearly that he believed it to be
a distinct species, but I know no more about it, nor whether it
has been taken at Shields recently.

152 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

121. G. senectella, Zell.

Gelechia senectella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 334.
9 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 589.

The only local record of this insect is that of Mr. Gardner,
who has taken it both at Greatham and Hartlepool. The only
Yorkshire localities are Redcar and Scarborough.

122. G. obscurella, Hein.

Bryotropha obscurella. Brt., Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2,i., p. 112.
Gelechia ‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 589.

A species taken rarely in Kent, Suffolk, Westmorland, and
Durham, and introduced as British since the publication of
the ‘‘ Manual”’ by Mr. C. G. Barrett in Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, i.,
112, in which he says of this species, writing in 1890, ‘‘more
recently Mr. Sang sent me specimens taken by himself in the
Darlington district which have been recognised by Mr. Warren,
from Heinemann’s description, as the same species.’’ More
recently Mr. Gardner has taken obscwrella in Crimdon Cut above
Hart Station.

123. G. mundella, Del.

Gelechia mundella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 334.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 589.

This is given in the “‘ Manual” as occurring at Newcastle-on-
Tyne, and Mr. Hodgkinson includes it in his West Northumber-
land list. Those recorded for Newcastle-on-Tyne would be
taken on the sandhills at the mouth of Castle Eden Dene, or on
the coast north of Tynemouth. It has not yet been taken in
the Hartlepool area, but is sure to occur. Mr. Sang has taken
it at Redcar, and I expect it will be found at Greatham and
Seaton Carew, and on the sandbanks north of Hartlepool.

99 9

124. G. similis, Stain.

Gelechia similis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 334.
9 a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 589.
ns confinis Sta. Staint. Ent. Ann., 1871, pp. 98-9.

The only known localities for this species in these counties

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 153

appear to be Crimdon Cut, where Mr. Gardner has met with it,
and Teesdale, where it has been taken freely by Messrs.
Gardner and B, A. Bower. In Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, ix., pp. 196-8
(1898) Mr. Bankes proved that confinis, which was described
by Stainton as a new species in Ent. Ann. 1871, pp. 98-9, and
erroneously sunk by Meyrick in Hdbk. Brit. Lep. 589 (1895) as
a variety of Grelechia affinis, is in reality a dark northern form
of semrlis, Sta., and he tells me that his Teesdale examples in-
clude var. confinis as well as the typical form. The larva feeds
on moss growing on old walls, roofs, etc.

125. G. affinis, Haw.

Gelechia afinis. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 334.
5 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 589 (partim/).
Given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at Darlington Mr.
Sang took it there in 1872 on the embankment of the North-
Eastern Railway. I have no other record.

126. G,. tetragonella, Stain.

Gelechia tetragonella. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii., 99.
Aristotelia a; Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 577.

Another new species, discovered by Mr. Sang at Greatham.
Owing to Mr. Sang announcing that he had taken it ‘down
Redcar way,” this is given in the supplement to Porritt’s list of
Yorkshire Lepidoptera as having been taken there. This was
not so, and the entries are quite clear in Sang’s diary ‘‘July 21.
1881. 7.” ‘July 23. 1881. 2.” Itisasalt marsh insect, the
larva feeding, as discovered by Mr. Bankes, in Glaux maritima
(see Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, vill., pp. 5-7), and could only have
occurred at Redcar by accident, as did Adactyla bennetii, q. v.
This species is extremely local, and has only been found else-
where in one locality in Dorset and one in Norfolk.

127. G. domestica, Haw.

Gelechia domestica. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 335.
f . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 588.

The only notice of the occurrence of this rather common

154 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

species is that of the ‘‘Manual” that it had occurred at
Newecastle-on-Tyne. The larva feeds on moss on old walls, and
the west of either county might readily produce it, but I cannot
more specifically locate it at present, except that it is also
marked in Mr. Hodgkinson’s list of West Northumberland
species,

128. G. umbrosella, Zell.

Gelechia umbrosella. Staint. Ent. Ann., 1864, p. 169.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 588.

9 )

This also was introduced since the publication of the
‘‘Manual.”’ It is principally a coast species, and had up to
1864 been mixed with affnis in collections. The differences
between the two species are given in the 1864 Annual, and
again in that for 1874, p. 15. There is but one local record
to my knowledge. Mr. Sang took it at South Shields on July
23rd, 1871; although its recorded range is only given by
Meyrick as extending northwards as far as Yorkshire.*

129. G. rhombella, W.Y.

Gelechia rhombella. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 3385.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 601.

) ?

Rather a local species, but very common around Darlington.
The larva feeds between leaves of apple, and Mr. Sang appears
to have found it about crab-apple in almost every lane there—
Grange Road, Coniscliffe Lane, Baydales, Teeside near Black-
well, etc., ete. He reared it in 1867 (see KE. M. M., iv., 158),
and in 1869 (H.. M. M., vi., 170), he said, ‘‘The larva of
Gelechia rhombella is very abundant in the apple bushes in
hedges about the town. The moths are all of a very dark grey
colour, none of them being light like southern specimens.”
I have no other knowledge of its occurrence here.

* T have since bred the species (in 1907) from moss got on the sand
hills near Hartlepool.—J. G.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 155

130. G. proximella, Hub.

Gelechia proximella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 335.
5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 597.

A common insect generally, the larva feeding on birch. It
is given in the ‘ Manual’’ as occurring regularly both at
’ Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it
*‘ plentiful among birch in the Old Park, Netherwitton, in
August and September’”’; Mr. Hodgkinson also met with it in
West Northumberland. In Durham, Mr. Backhouse took it at
Shotley ; Mr. Sang at High Force in 1870, and at Wolsingham
in 1872; Mr. Gardner has also taken it in Hezleden Dene. No
doubt it will be found in all birch woods in both counties.

131. G. notatella, Hub.

Gelechia notatella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 335.
se * Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 597.

Probably much more common than the records imply. Mr.
Hodgkinson reported it from West Northumberland, the only
notice I have of it from that county. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it
as occurring regularly at Darlington where Mr. Sang took larvee
in 1880. Mr. Gardner has found it in Hezleden Dene. The larva
feeds between united leaves of sallow, and as it is generally a
common insect, it will probably be found in most places.

132. G. humeralis, Zell.

Gelechia humeralis.. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 336.
Xenolechia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 584.

This species is local and often uncommon, and has only been
taken here at Castle Eden Dene by Mr. Sang. It is the
lyellella of Doubleday’s list.

135, G. vulgella, Hub.
Gelechia vulgella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 336.
- 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 598.
Another species probably more plentiful than the records
show. The only Northumbrian notice I have is that of Mr.
J. B, Hodgkinson for the west of the county. Mr. Sang took
D

156 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

it on the railway side near Croft and elsewhere near Darlington,
and Mr, Gardner has met with it in Hezleden Dene.

134. G. fugitivella, Zell.

Gelechia fugitivella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 336.
if a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 597.

Mr. Hodgkinson includes this insect in his West North-
umberland list. The ‘‘Manual’”’ gives it as occurring at
Neweastle-on-Tyne, and regularly at Darlington, where Mr.
Sang met with it in July from 1853 to 1881. I have no other
notice, but it may be expected elsewhere amongst elm.

135. G. ezthiops, Westw.

Gelechia ethiops. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 337.
be Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 583.

Neither Mr. Finlay nor Mr. Maling ever met with the
species, and the ‘‘Ne!” of the ‘‘ Manual” which is repro-

Xenolechia

duced by Meyrick as ‘‘ Northumberland,’’ may possibly refer
to some Durham locality. Mr. Sang took the insect at
Waskerley in 1858 and 1859, at Wolsingham in 1872-3 and —4,
and at Egglestone, Upper Teesdale, in 1880. Mr. Gardner has
taken it there more recently. Mr. Backhouse has also met with
it at St. John’s.

136. G. solutella, Zell.

Gelechia solutella. Staint. Man., vol ii, p. 337.
* Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 601.

A very local species, and only occurring with us at Wol-
singham, in Durham, where Mr. Sang took it in June from
1872 to 1882. It seems widely distributed in Britain, occurring
among Grenista both at the Lizard, Cornwall, and in Perth-
shire, but its known haunts are very few.

137. G. distinctella, Zell.

Gelechia distinctella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 337.
* 55 Mevyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 601
(partim ).

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 157

This also is a very local species, and it does not appear to
have any book record north of Yorkshire. Mr. Hodgkinson,
however, included it in his West Northumberland list, and Mr.
Sang took it at South Shields as long ago as 1881.

138. G. maculea, Haw.

Gelechia maculea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 387.

Bi es Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 593.
Rather a common species, and recorded in the ‘* Manual’’ as
occurring regularly at Darlington. Mr. Sang took it there in
Coniscliffe Lane, and found larve ‘in shoots of Cerastiwm”’
on 16th June, 1869, but Mr. Bankes doubts the accuracy of this
entry, the experience of others having always been that
G. maculea feeds on Stellaria holostea only, and suggests that

Sang probably wrote Cerastiwm in mistake for Stellaria.

139. G. tricolorella, Haw.

Gelechia tricolorella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 388.
i 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 594.

Tricolorelia is given in the ‘‘Manual” as occurring at
Neweastle-on-Tyne, and regularly at Darlington. Mr Hodgkin-
son also includes it in his West Northumberland list; and Mr.
Maling recorded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 282. In
Durham I only know of Darlington as a locality where it is
found. Mr. Sang got it in Coniscliffe Lane there in 1859 and
larvee in 1877.

140. G. fraternella, Del.

Gelechia fraternella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 338.
i is Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 594.

Darlington is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as one of the places
where this species occurs. Mr. Sang found the larve in the
North Road there in April and May, and the moth later. Mr.
Gardner has taken it on the railway banks, Hartlepool. These
are the only localities I know of, and it appears to be rather a
local species generally.

158 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

141. G. viscariella, Stain.

Gelechia viscariella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 388.
PY Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 594.

A northern species, and rather local. Mr. Hodgkinson ap-
pears to be the only collector who has taken it in Northumber-
land—in the west of that county. Mr. Sang took it at Dar-
lington nearly thirty years ago. More recently Mr. Gardner
has met with it in Hezleden Dene, and bred the insect from
larvee found feeding in shoots and stems of Lychnis.

142. G. marmorea, Haw.

Gelechia marmorea, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 339.
i _ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 596.

A coast species, abundant on many sandy shores, where the
larva lives in a tube below the sand, feeding on Cerastium. It
is given as a local species in Mr. Maling’s list in the Transactions
for 1875, p.282. In Durham Mr. Sang took it at Seaton Carew
in 1858, at Castle Eden Dene mouth, and at Black Halls in
1861. Mr. Gardner has taken it more recently at Hartlepool
and Hezleden Dene.

143. G. instabilella, Dgl.

Gelechia instabilella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 340
(partim: nec larva).
af * Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 592.

At the time of, and for fifty years after, the discovery of
G. instabilella, other closely allied species, showing like it
great variation but now recognised as distinct, were confused
with it under the name stabilella by all our leading
authorities, including Mr. Douglas himself as well as Mr.
Stainton. In 1894, however, in his monograph entitled
“(Tita instabilella, Dgl. and its nearest British allies,” and
published in the Ent. Mo. Mag.,, ser. 2, vol. v., p. 80, ete., Mr.
Bankes dispelled the deplorable confusion of ideas that had
accumulated round the group to which this and the four
following species belong, and his conclusions were adopted in

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 159

Staudinger and Rebel’s ‘‘Catalog”’ and in Meyrick’s Handa-
book. Unfortunately, owing to all this confusion, and the con-
sequent inconsistent and largely erroneous use of the name
instabilella, it is impossible to say to which of several distinct
species each of Mr. Sang’s entries really applies, nor are his
specimens, which in any case would be without data labels,
available for submission to an expert, both of his collections
having by now been dispersed piecemeal. We must therefore
ignore his references to enstabzlella, which would only perpetuate
error; but reliance can be placed on the correct identification of
Mr. Gardner’s captures in this group, as these have been named
by Mr. Bankes. Mr. Gardner forwarded a long series of his
captures (taken in the locality) to Mr. Bankes, who identified
only ¢wo specimens out of the lot as true znstabzlella, so that this
is the only local record we can at present rely upon. The true
G. mstabilella mines the leaves, not of Plantago maritima as
stated in the ‘‘ Manual,” but of the saltmarsh-loving Atriplex
portulacordes ; this plant grows ‘‘ about the mouths of the Tyne,
Wear and Tees sparingly’ (Transactions 1868, p. 238), so that
we may expect the species to be found on the Greatham
marshes.

144. G. salicornieze, Hering.
Gelechia salicornie. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 592.

A local coast species, taken here so far only at Greatham by
Mr. Gardner. The larva feeds in and on the leaves of various
marine plants, Aster, Salicornia, etc. This insect was only
added to the British list by Mr. Bankes in 1894.

145. G. atriplicella, F. R.

Gelechia atriplicella. Staint. Man., vol. it, p. 340.
a in Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 591.

A widely and pretty generally distributed species in England.
Mr. Gardner found the species abundant at Hartlepool and at
Greatham. I have no other record, but Mr. Bankes states
that he has good reasons to believe that Sang’s allusions to
*‘ obsoletella”’ are really referable to atriplicella, in which case

160 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

the insect under notice was taken by him at Darlington and at
Seaton Carew.

146. G. obsoletella, F.R.

Gelechia obsoletella. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 340.
‘5 s Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 591.

Somewhat similar to the last in choice of localities, but I have
no knowledge of its occurrence away from the coast in this
country, though it occurs inland on the Continent. Mr. Sang
notes its capture by himself near Darlington and at Seaton
Carew, but Mr. Bankes believes that the species met with was
atriplicella (which he certainly obtained in plenty, although,
be it noted, it is never mentioned in his diary, and could not be
so generally common as to prompt such omission) by the name
‘‘ obsoletella,”’ and he so far failed to find any evidence of the
capture by Sang of the true obsoletella, which is decidedly local
and seems confined in Britain to the coast. Its occurrence near
Darlington would therefore, in any case, be highly improbable.
If Sang ever met with the true obsoletella at Seaton Carew or
elsewhere, it is obvious that he must have mistaken it for a
pale variety of the genuine atriplicella, for his diary only con-
tains the one name obsoletella, which refers mainly, if not
entirely, to atriplicella. My. Gardner has met with the true
obsoletella at Greatham, his specimens having been verified by
Mr. Bankes.

147. G. plantaginella, Stain.

Gelechia plantaginella. Sta., Ent. Mo. Mag., xix., p. 253.
be - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 591.

Rather a common species, and much of a coast species, the
larvee feeding usually on Plantago coronopus or maritima,
though occasionally on P. lanceolata. Myr. Gardner found it
very abundant at Greatham, and Mr. Bankes informs us that
Sang, whilst living at Darlington, certainly met with the large
dark saltmarsh form of the insect commonly in our district,
and that he has little doubt but that some of Sang’s entries
about znstabilella refer in reality to plantaginella.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 161

148. G, sequax, Haw.

Gelechia sequax. Staint. Man., vol. u1., p. 341.
» “ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 599.

Rather a common species. Recorded in the ‘‘ Manual” as
occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne. I have no idea where Mr.
Wailes met with it, possibly in Castle Eden Dene, where Mr.
Sang took it, as well as at Black Halls, in 1876. Sang found it
nearer Hartlepool than this in 1884, but it could not be much
south of the Rocks, as the food plant, Helianthemum vulgare,
does not grow much closer to the town. Mr. Gardner has taken
it at Black Halls more recently, and also bred it from
Helianthemum.

149. G. mouffetella, W.V.

Gelechia mouffetella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 342.
Epithectis 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 581.
This is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at Neweastle-

on-Tyne, and Mr. Hodgkinson claims to have taken it in West
Northumberland. In Durham Mr. Backhouse took it at Shotley.
Mr. Sang bred it from Darlington larve in 1869 (see Ent. Mo.
Mag., vol. vi., p. 170). Mr. John Laws also bred it from there
in 1878. I have no other records.

150. G. dodecella, Linn.

Gelechia dodecella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 342.
- 7 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 598.

Durham is given in Meyrick’s Handbook as the northern
limit of this species, but Mr. Bankes says that it certainly ex-
tends far into Scotland, for he has proof of its occurrence not
only in Dumbartonshire but even in Morayshire, N.B. Mr.
Sang took the insect, and larva also, near Darlington (see Ent.
Mo. Mag., vol. vi., p. 178.) Mr. Gardner has taken it at Cole
Hill, near Sheraton, which so far is the most northerly known
station in this district.

162 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

151. G. tenebrella, Hub.

Gelechia tenebrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 342.
Aristotelia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 575.

A common insect generally, and no doubt occurring nearly all
over both counties, but at present only noticed in Durham. It
is given in the ‘“‘ Manual”’ as occurring at Darlington, but the
only record in Sang’s diary is that he took the insect at
Wolsingham fifteen years after the publication of the second
volume of that work. The only other note of the insect I have
seen is that Mr. Gardner took it on the railway embankment at
Hartlepool. The larva feeds on sheep’s sorrel (Rumex
acetosella), a common enough plant in dry places.

152. G. tenebrosella, Zell.

Gelechia tenebrosella. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 342.
Aristotelia tenebrella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 575.

This differs from fenebrella only in having the tip of the
antenne white, and Meyrick makes but one species of the two.
The only place where this has been found here is Hedley Lane,
Darlington, where Mr. Sang took it long ago. In giving them
separately, I do not express any opinion on their distinctness,
but give them so because Stainton, whom I am following, did
so. Mr. Bankes, however, says that it has been abundantly
proved that the so-called ¢enebrosella is merely the female of

tenebrella.

158. G. ligulella, Zell.

Gelechia ligulella. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 342.
Anacampsis vorticella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 582
(partim ).

Not a common species, and one that apparently does not reach
Scotland. Mr. Hodgkinson, however, has marked it in his list
of West Northumberland insects, but this is the only record for
that county. In Durham I have no records except in the ex-
treme south of the county. Mr. Sang took it in several places
around Darlington, and Mr. Gardner met with it at Greatham.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 1638

154. G, vorticella, Sc.

Gelechia vorticella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 343.

Anacampsis ,, Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 582
(partim ).
Stainton differentiates this from ligulella by its smaller size
and straighter fascia, although Mr. Meyrick treats them as
identical. I learn from Mr. Bankes that they are certainly
distinct. Mr. Sang records this species in his diary as taken
near Darlington.

1la5. G. tzeniolella, Zell.

Gelechia teniolella. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 348.
Anacampsis ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 581
(partim ).
In this species I have no Northumberland records except
that Mr. Hodgkinson gives it as a West Northumberland insect
in the list with which he supplied me. As a Durham species
I only have the record of the ‘“‘ Manual” that it had occurred
at Darlington.

156. G. sircomella, Stain.

Gelechia sircomelia. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 343.

Anacampsis teniolella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 581
(partim).

Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson gives this in his list of species occurring
in West Northumberland. Mr. Sang records it from various
places around Darlington from 1861 to 1882. In the Entomo-
logist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. iv., it is recorded as captured
there by him. In Meyrick’s Handbook szrcomella is said to be
a variety of tenzolella with the facia obsolete; this statement
is, we believe, open to question, and in any case our rule is to
follow Stainton.

157. G. anthyllidella, Hub.

Gelechia anthyllidella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 344.
Anacampsis _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 582.

Rather a common insect, but not recorded from Northumber-

164 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

land, except the west of the county, where Mr. Hodgkinson has
met with it. In Durham too it is only from the south that I
have any records. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as having occurred
at Darlington, and it is recorded in Sang’s diary from there.
Mr. Gardner has also taken it at Greatham.

158. G. sangiella, Stain.

Gelechia sangiella. Staint. Ent. Ann., 1868, p. 149.
Anacampsis ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 582.

Another species described after the completion of the
“Manual.” Mr. Stainton (Ent. Ann., 1863, p. 149) says
‘taken by Mr. Sang at Darlington at the end of June amongst
clover and Lotus corniculatus; the larva has not yet been
noticed.”” Inthe Annual for 1867, p. 21, the larva is briefly
described from ‘‘specimens received from Mr. Sang on the 20th
June. The larva feeds between the united leaves of Lotus
corniculatus.’ In Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, ix., 2-3, detailed
descriptions of the larva and pupa appeared from the pen of
Mr. Bankes, who believes that this species has, in Britain,
never been taken outside the county of Durham. The records
in Mr. Sang’s diary are from 1854 to 1874. The larve were
found on 20th May, the imago from 30th May to 3rd July in
various years. On June 13th, 1885, Mr. Bankes received from
Mr. Sang some larvee that had been collected by him at Dar-
lington a day or so previously. I have no other record except
that Mr. Gardner has bred it from larve got in Crimdon Cut
and on the railway banks at Hartlepool, not uncommonly.

159. G. albipalpella, H.S.

Gelechia albipalpella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 344.
Anacampsis _,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 582.

The only notice of the occurrence of this species in these
counties is that Mr. Sang found larve in Coniscliffe Lane,
near Darlington, on 15th April, 1860, and bred the insect. Mr.
Meyrick limits its northward range to York, and this Durham
habitat is not far from the Tees, the boundary between the
counties. The larva feeds on Genista anglica.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 165

160. G,. atrella, Haw.

Gelechia atrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 344.
Aristotehia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 575.
Somewhat local and uncommon, and not extending very far

to the north. The only Northumberland record I have is one
for the west of the county by Mr. Hodgkinson. The “ Manual”
gives it as found at Darlington, where Mr. Sang met with it, as
also at Castle Eden Dene. Mr. Gardner has met with it in
Hezleden Dene and in Crimdon Cut.

161. G. neeviferella, Dup.

Gelechia naviferelia, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 345.
Aristotelia stipella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 574.

Rather common generally, but here only recorded from
Barnard Castle, where Mr. Sang met with it in 1873. Mr.
Meyrick puts neviferella as merely a variety of stipella, and
states that the typical form of the insect, which is much:
yellower than var. neviferella, is confined to Southern Kurope.

162. G. pictella, Zell.

Gelechia pictella. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 346.
Aristotelia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 574.

This species, like hermanrella, swarms at Redcar, and has
been taken on Hartlepool sandhills by Mr. Gardner.

163. G. brizella, Tr.

Gelechia brizella.- Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 346.
Aristotelia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 575.

A coast insect, the larva feeding in flower heads of thrift
(Armeria maritima), Itis very common at Greatham where
thrift grows freely. This plant grew formerly on Hartlepool
Moor, at Black Hall Rocks, and in many places along the coast.
It has completely disappeared from Hartlepool Moor and is now
very scarce at Black Halls. Both Mr. Sang and Mr. Gardner
have taken drizel/a at Greatham and bred it freely from there.

166 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

164. G. osseella, Stain.

Gelechia osseella. Staint. Ent. Ann., 1861, p. 87.
Ptocheuusa ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 579.

Discovered in 1860 by Mr. Wilkinson at Scarborough, and
described and named by Mr. Stainton in the Entomologist’s
Annual for 1861, p. 87. He there speaks of it as not being a
true Gelechia, but it still remains on some of our lists, at all
events, under this genus. Mr. Sang took it near Darlington in
1872. I have no other record. Osseel/a is extremely local and
decidedly uncommon, and its larva and food plant are quite
unknown.

165. G. subocellea, Steph.

Gelechia subocellea. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 347.
Ptocheuusa ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 579.

Meyrick gives this species as not recorded from further north
than Yorkshire, but Mr. Gardner has taken it abundantly in
Hezleden Dene, which is, however, less than 10 miles from the
Yorkshire boundary. The larva feeds in a case on seed heads
of marjoram, which is very abundant in and about the Dene.

PARASIA, Dup.

166. Parasia lappella, Linn.

Parasia lappella. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 348.
3 A; Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 571.

A local species, the larva feeding on burdock (Arctium
lappa). The only record I have found of its occurrence here is
the ‘‘Ne”’ of the ‘‘ Manual,” signifying that it has occurred
at Newcastle-on-Tyne.

167. P. metzneriella, Stain.

Parasia metzneriella. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 348.
* 43 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 570.

The only Northumberland notice of this insect that I have
seen is that of Mr. Hodgkinson, who includes it in his list of

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 167

those occurring in the west of that county. In Durham the
“Manual” marks it as occurring regularly at Darlington. Mr.
Sang took it there in July, 1872. He had previously taken it
at Seaton Carew. Mr. Backhouse took it in the north-west of
Durham at Shotley Bridge. Mr. Gardner has found it on the
railway embankment at Hartlepool. Although the larva feeds
in the seed-heads of Centaurea nigra, which abounds almost
everywhere, the species is, like all its near allies, strangely
local.

168. P. carlinella, Stain.

Parasia carlinella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 348.
vr ¥ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 571.

The only notice of the occurrence of this insect here is the
“Manual” ‘*‘ Da,” implying that it has been found there. It
is never entered in Sang’s diary, and since he was glad to re-
ceive Dorset imagines and larvee from Mr. Bankes as recently
as 1885, it is obvious that he knew no locality for it in this
district.

CLEODORA, Curt.

169. Cleodora cytisella, Curt.

Cleodora cytisella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 349.
Paltodora ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 572.
Like the last, the only knowledge I have of the occurrence
of this insect here is the ‘‘ Ne” of the ‘‘Manual”’ signifying
that it has occurred in the Newcastle-on-Tyne district.

CHELARIA, Haw.

170. Chelaria huebnerella, Don.
Chelaria hiibnerella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 349.
- huebnerella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 610.
Rather a common species, and marked in the ‘‘ Manual” as
occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and abundantly at Darlington.
Mr. Maling also recorded it in the Transactions for 1875, p. 282.

168 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Mr. Backhouse took it at Shotley; Mr. Sang in Castle Eden
Dene. Meyrick gives the imago as being out during August and
September, Stainton during September and October; but the
latter especially mentions in the ‘‘ Manual” its occurrence at
Neweastle-on-Tyne in July, which is also the time of its
appearance in Hezleden Dene, where it is very common. Mr.
Bankes has taken it at the end of August both in Hawthorn
Dene and not uncommonly in Castle Eden Dene.

YPSOLOPHUS, Fab.

171. Ypsolophus marginellus, Fab.

Ypsolophus marginellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 850.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 608.

A local species. The ‘‘ Manual” gives but two places where
half a century ago it was known to occur, one of which is
Neweastle-on-Tyne. Meyrick’s Handbook gives its range as
covering Northumberland, viz., ‘‘ Lancashire to Northumber-

9 )

land.” Doubtless, however, Meyrick merely copied Stainton,
and entered it in this way for want of a Durham record, but
it is quite likely that the specimens in question were taken in
Durham. I have no other notice of its occurrence.

PLEUROTA, Hub.

172. Pleurota bicostella, Cl.

Pleurota bicostella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 852.
Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p. 614.

Rather common among heather, and generally plentiful on

) 9)

moors and heaths. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring
regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne ; this of course refers to some
of the moors near, perhaps Greenleighton Moor, where Mr.
Finlay found bdicostella very abundant. In Durham it also
occurs on the higher moors. Mr. Sang took it at High Force
in 1874, and Mr. Gardner has more recently met with it in the
same district. Mr. Backhouse took it at St. John’s,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 169

HARPELLA, Sehrk.

173. Harpella bractella, Linn.

Harpella bracteella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 353.
- bractella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 632.

This insect, which is very bright in colour, appears almost
confined in this country to the county of Durham. It was
originally taken in 1857 by a young collector near Gateshead ;
I believe the exact place was Shotley Bridge. It was introduced
in the Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, vol. iii., p. 179,
and in the Entomologist’s Annual for 1859, p. 152, in the
frontispiece to which volume it is most beautifully figured. Mr.
Wailes subsequently bred the insect, the larva feeding in rotten
wood. In 1880 I was fortunate enough to take the insect at
light in my garden at Bellerby Terrace, West Hartlepool (see
E.M.M., xvii, 237). I had a large greenhouse at the bottom
of the garden, and frequently took a light down there, to which
bractella was attracted. I only got one specimen, which I gave
to Sang. Those at Shotley, my specimen, and one taken in
Wales, are all I know of except for a single example which Mr.
Bankes informs me was captured in Notts. in 1901, and recorded
in Entom., vol. xxxv., 75.

HYPERCALLIA, Steph.

174. Hypercallia christiernana, Linn.

Hypercallia christiernana, Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 353.
Ap Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 613.

This very pretty little species was taken by Mr. Sang in
Castle Eden Dene on 19th June, 1853. I do not know of any
more recent captures. The larva on the Continent feeds on
Polygala chamebuzus, which is not a British plant, but on some
Continental larvee being sent to Mr. Stainton, he gave them
Polygala vulgaris (milkwort), which they ate readily. This
was announced in the Entomologist’s Annual for 1858, but it
was not until 1869 that Lord Walsingham (then the Hon.
Thos. De Grey) found larve in England feeding on P. vulgaris.

170 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

They draw the shoots together at the end of May. The larva
has a “ prettily speckled head and second segment,”’ which will
enable any one to recognise it, 2f they find st. It is extremely
local, but not nearly so rare as the last, though quite as
beautiful.

DASYCERA, Stain.

175. Dasycera sulphurella, Fab.

Dasycera sulphurella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 355.
Gcophora Hp Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 633.

A very common species, the larva feeding in rotten wood.
It is abundant everywhere about old hedges, and probably
occurs plentifully in all parts of both counties. Mr. Gardner
informs me that he has seen it flying freely between seven and
eight o’clock in the morning.

CECOPHORA, Latr.

176. CeEcophora minutella, Linn.

Gcophora minutella. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 356.
Acompsia Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 636.

A local species, and, so far, undetected here, except in the
west of Northumberland, where Mr. Hodgkinson tells me he
has met with it. It is marked in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring
in the Cumberland lake district, so that its capture in West
Northumberland is what might be expected, but I see no reason
why it should not occur elsewhere. It has been taken at
Scarborough.

177. CE, flavimaculella, Stain.

Ccophora flavimaculella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 356.
Cataplectica fulviguttella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 689.

Rather a common species, recorded in the ‘‘ Manual’ for
both Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. I do not know of any
other Northumberland records. In Durham it is common in the
south of the county at all events. Mr. Sang took it at Darling-

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 171

ton, Castle Eden and Hartlepool, and Mr. Gardner has met with
it at Black Hall Rocks. I have no doubt it is common in most
places in both counties, the larva feeding in seed heads of
Angelica, Heracleum, and Agopodium.

178. CE. similella, Hub.

CEcophora similelia. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 356.
Acompsia iF Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 636.
Not a very common species, and here it does not appear to

occur near the coast or on the east side of either county. The
records are West Northumberland, J. B. Hodgkinson ; Shotley,
Mr. Backhouse ; Wolsingham and Eggleston, John Sang. Mr.
Gardner also says it is not very uncommon in Upper Teesdale.
This is the stzpella of Doubleday’s list.

179. Ce. subaquilea, Stain.

Gicophora subaquilea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 357.
Acompsia ‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 636.
An insect frequenting moors and heaths, rather local, and

not recorded from any county south of Cheshire. Mr. Hodgkin-
son records it from West Northumberland. Mr. Sang has taken
it at Wolsingham and at High Force in June. Mr. Gardner has
also met with it in Teesdale, but not commonly. He has also
taken one specimen at Black Halls. Heather grows there in
fields by the cliff edge, but the food plant is unknown.

180. C:. fuscescens, Haw.
Gcophora fuscescens. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 358.
Acompsia os Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 637.
Generally a common species, but only recorded here by Mr.
Hodgkinson, from West Northumberland, and by Mr. Gardner,
who found it common in and near Hezleden Dene.

181. C&. pseudo~spretella, Stain.
Ccophora pseudo-spretella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 358.
Acompsia pseudospretella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 637.
A very abundant species everywhere, both indoors and out-
E

172 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

side. A few years ago a provision merchant brought me some
larvee which he said were destroying his flour in the sacks. I
expected they would be Ephestia kuehniella, but they proved to
be this species, which I believe will eat almost anything in the
way of soft dead matter, etc.

ENDROSIS, Hub.
182. Endrosis fenestrella, Stain.

Endrosis fenestrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 359.
s lacteella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 688.

Like the last, an excessively abundant species, both in houses
and outside. The larva will eat almost any dry rubbish, and
the insect is much too common everywhere. I once saw it
sitting in countless myriads on the outside wall of a grain ware- _
house at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The wall was absolutely covered
with the moths.

BUTALIS, Tr.
183. Butalis fuscocuprea, Haw.

Butalis fuscocuprea. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 360.
Scythris 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 687.

Mr. Sang took this insect at Darlington repeatedly during a
long succession of years. There appears to be no other record
of its appearance here. In Yorkshire it is only recorded at
Scarborough. The larva lives in a web on shoots of Lotus
corniculatus.

184. B. incongruella, Stain.

Butalis incongruetla. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 361.
Amphisbatis ,, Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p. 638.

A local species, apparently preferring the western portion of
the district. Mr. Hodgkinson took it in West Northumberland,
and Mr. Sang met with it at Waskerley in April, 1857, and
1858.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 173

ATEMELIA, H.S.
185. Atemelia torquatella, Zell.

Atemelia torquatella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 361.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 694.

9 )
Rather a local species, and apparently not occurring in Eng-
land south of these counties. Mr. Hodgkinson has taken it in
West Northumberland, but I have no other records from that
county. In Durham Mr. Sang has taken it in Castle Eden Dene,
and at Wolsingham. He found larve in Castle Eden Dene in
September, 1880. Mr. Gardner has also bred it from there and
from Hezleden Dene.

PANCALIA, Curt.

186. Pancalia leuwenhoekella, Linn.

Pancalia leuwenhoekella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 361.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 676
(partim ),
This species is not recorded for Northumberland. In Durham
Mr. Sang has taken it at Wolsingham and in Castle Eden Dene.
Mr. Gardner has met with it in Hezleden Dene, local, but not
scarce.

PP) 9

GLYPHIPTERYGIDA,
ACROLEPIA, Curt.

187. Acrolepia granitella, Tr.

Acrolepia gramtella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 363.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 771.

9) 1)

Meyrick gives Durham as the recorded northern limit of

this insect, but Mr. Hodgkinson marked it in his list of West

Northumberland species. I do not know anything of his

localities. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as having occurred at

Darlington, where Mr. Sang took it as long ago as 1856. I
have no other records.

174 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

188. A. pygmeeana, Haw.

Acrolepia pygmeana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 363.
i - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 772.

Meyrick says of this insect, ‘‘ England to Durham, local.” I
have been quite unable to find any published notice of this as
a Durham species, though presumably there must be one, as
Mr. Meyrick told me he had no private lists supplied in com-
piling his work. Itis not in any of the MS. lists I have in
my possession. The larva feeds in the leaves of Solanum
dulcamara, which is comparatively common in both counties,
and extends far up the western dales, though the food plant
abounds in many English districts from which the insect is
absent.

189. A. betulella, Curt.

Acrolema betulella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 363.
ks bs Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 771.

This pretty little species was first discovered on birch trees
in Castle Eden Dene in August by Mr. J. C. Dale, and was
described and figured by his friend Curtis in 1838. Mr. Sang
appeared to have some special knowledge of its haunts or habits,
for he not only took it regularly there, but he also found it at
High Force, Upper Teesdale, and took it there as regularly,
though it was scarce in both localities. The ‘‘Manual”’ gives
August as the date of its appearance, but it remains out a long
time, probably hybernating as an imago, and Sang’s dates run
from the 16th August to 9th October. I was with him in Castle
Eden Dene on 2nd October, 1862, when he took three specimens,
and I was fortunate enough to capture one. They were all, as
were most of Sang’s specimens, beaten out of yew. The larva
is not known, but an allied Continental species, A. assectella,
feeds in flower-stems and leaves of onions and leeks. It is
suggested in the Entomologist’s Annual for 1867, p. 25, that the
larva of betulella may feed on some species of Allium. Allium
ursinum occurs commonly in Castle Eden Dene, and Allium
scorodoprasum also grows freely in many parts. These are also

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 175

abundant in Hezleden Dene, but no one has taken betulella
there. I do not know that it has been taken since 1878, the
date of Sang’s last capture.

GLYPHIPTERYX, Hub.

190. Glyphipteryx fuscoviridella, Haw.

Glyphipteryx fuscoviridella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 364.
r ee Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 704.
A very abundant species, generally among flowering grasses,
yet the only record of it in the more northerly county is the
“Ne!” of the ‘‘ Manual,” signifying its abundance at New-
castle-on-Tyne. It is also marked there as occurring regularly
at Darlington. It is too common, I expect, for entry in Sang’s
diary. Mr. Backhouse got it at St. John’s, Weardale. Mr.
Gardner says, ‘‘common on dry banks in the district.” It does
not appear to reach Scotland, and notice of localities for it in
Northumberland, especially North Northumberland, are worth
publication. It must be remembered that the ‘‘ Ne” of the
“‘Manual”’ rather refers to the residence of the collector who
supplied Stainton with his list of captures than to the actual
capture of the species there.

191. G. cladiella, Stain.
Glyphipteryx cladiella. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 364.
ne thrasonella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 704
(partim ).
The ‘‘ Manual” gives cladiella as occurring only at Wicken

Fen, near Cambridge. Mr. Sang found it in a bog near Dar-
lington. There is no other record.

192. G. thrasonella, Sc.

Glyphipteryx thrasonella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 364.
. 4 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 704
(partim).

This is marked in the ‘‘Manual” as being abundant at

176 ' CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, and occurring regularly at Darlington. The
only additional notice I have is that Mr. Gardner says it is
common in Hezleden Dene. Meyrick gives this and the pre-
ceding as being but one species, and this opinion seems now
very generally held.

198. G. fischeriella, Zell.

Glyphipteryx fischeriella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 365.

Fe As Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 705

(partim).

Probably common everywhere throughout both counties. It

is given in the ‘‘ Manual’’ as being abundant both at Newcastle-

on-Tyne and at Darlington. Mr. Backhouse took it at St.

John’s, and it is very common around Hartlepool. The larva

feeds on Dactylis glomerata and can find food everywhere, and

though these are all the notices of it I can find, it is probably
because it has proved too common to mention

TINAGMA, Dup.

194. Tinagma sericiellum, Haw.

Tinagma sericiellum. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 367.
Heliozela sericiella, | Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 683.

This species, which is generally rather a common one, has so
far only been taken by Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson in West North-
umberland. It should be looked for in oak woods or where
oak is plentiful.

195. T. stanneellum, F. v. R.

Tinagma stanneellum. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 367.
Heliozela stanneella. | Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 683.

A very local insect, although the larva feeds on oak, which
grows everywhere. The only recorded locality for this
species in our counties is Darlington, near which Mr. Sang
found it.

— AS 5

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 177

196. T. resplendellum, Stain.

Tinagma resplendellum. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 367.
Heliozela resplendella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 683.
Rather a local species, and here reported once only from each
county. Mr. Hodgkinson met with it in West Northumberland,
and Mr. Sang found larve at Hell Kettles, near Darlington, in
leaves of alder. The ‘‘ Manual” marks it as occurring at
Darlington.

DOUGLASIA, Stain.
197. Douglasia ocnerostomella, Stain.

Douglasia ocnerostomella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 367.
eae BY Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 685.

This would appear to be strictly a south and east of England
species, but Mr. Sang records it in his diary as taken in Headley
Lane, near Darlington, on 26th June, 1859. There is no subse-
quent entry of the insect, the only food plant of which is
viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare).

ARGYRESTHIDZ.
ARGYRESTHIA, Hub.
198. Argyresthia ephippella, Fab.

Argyresthia ephippella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 369.
” 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 766.

Rather a common species, but not ranging very far to the
north. I have no notice of it in Northumberland, and for
Durham only that Mr. Backhouse got it at Shotley, except the
*‘ Manual” note that it is abundant at Darlington. I expect
it will occur in most parts of the district. There is no notice
in Sang’s diary, but that is generally the case with abundant
species, and I learn from Mr. Bankes that Sang certainly
obtained the insect frecly.*

* This species is common about the cherry trees in Mr. C, O.
Trechmann’s garden at Hudworth Tower, Castle Eden.—J. G,

178 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

199. <A. nitidella, Fab.

Argyresthia nitidella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 369.
” 35 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 766.

A very abundant species everywhere. It is marked so in
the ‘‘Manual’” for both Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington,
and is probably abundant by every hawthorn hedge in both
counties. Mr. Backhouse, however, is the only collector who
marks its occurrence.

200. A. Semitestacella, Curt.

Argyresthia semitestacella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 369.
» 96 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 767.

Generally common. Occurring both at Newcastle-on-Tyne
and Darlington according to the ‘‘ Manual.” Round the latter
town Mr. Sang took it in many places, also at Castle Eden Dene
and Black Halls. Mr. Gardner has also taken it in Hezleden
Dene. Sang’s Black Halls record is somewhat curious, for
beech, which certainly does not grow at Black Halls, is the only
known food plant. Mr. Bankes also took the species both at
Castle Eden and at Hawthorn Tower in 1885.

201. A. Spiniella, Zell.

Argyresthia spiniella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 369.
» 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 766.

The larva of this species feeds on mountain ash (Pyrus
aucuparia)* and the insect is necessarily confined to woods and
hilly districts. It is given in the ‘ Manual” as occurring
regularly at Darlington, but the captures were made at High
Force in July and August by Mr. Sang. Mr. Gardner has bred
it freely from flower-stems of mountain ash which he collected
in Upper Teesdale, and Mr. Backhouse has taken it at Shotley,
all in the west of the county. 3

* But in Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii., 263 (1886) Sang records a case in which
the larve had ‘undoubtedly ” fed on Prunus padus, and gives the very
strong circumstantial evidence upon which his statement was based. He

does not mention the locality, but his words prove conclusively that it was
not in the neighbourhood of Darlington.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 179

202. A. albistria, Haw.

Argyresthia albistria. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 370.
5) Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 766.

A very common species, occurring freely among sloe. It is
marked in the ‘‘ Manual” as being found at Newcastle-on-
Tyne, and abundantly at Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it not
scarce among sloe in the Morpeth district; Mr. Backhouse
took it at Shotley; and Mr. Gardner has met with it in Hezleden
Dene. These are all the records, but I have no doubt it
abounds almost everywhere.

2038. A. conjugella, Zell.

Argyresthia conjugella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 870.
a a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 765.
This, like spznzel/a, is to be found among mountain ash, on
the berries of which the larva feeds. It is given in the
“‘Manual” as abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne, the locality
probably being on the higher land to the west. In Durham Mr.
Gardner has found it commonly in Upper Teesdale.

204. A, semifusca, Haw.

Argyresthia semifusca. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 370.
- 9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 765.

Recorded by Stainton from the Lake District of Cumberland
and Westmorland, but so far as I know, not reaching Northumber-
land. Indeed, the few records I have are of South Durham.
The “‘ Manual” marks Darlington as a place where it occurs
regularly. Mr. Sang took it there by the Tees-side and else-
where. Mr. Gardner marks it doubtfully as occurring in
Hezleden Dene.

205. A. mendica, Haw.

Argyresthia mendica. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 370.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 765.

Though this is probably very common in most places in both
counties among sloe, I have no record of its occurrence except

oP) )

180 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

the one in the ‘‘ Manual,”’ which signifies that it is abundant
at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and occurs regularly at Darlington.
Neither Mr. Finlay in Northumberland, nor Mr. Gardner in
Durham, both of whom supplied full lists of all they had taken,
appear to have met with this species.

206. A. retinella, Zell.

Argyresthia retinella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 371.
» 99 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 765.

This also is probably common amongst birch and sallow in
most parts of both counties. I have no records, however, for
the more northerly of the two, beyond the ‘‘Ne!!” of the
‘‘Manual.” Mr. Finlay never met with it in his district. In
Durham Mr. Backhouse took it at Shotley; Mr. Sang got it in
Castle Eden Dene, at Darlington, and in Dinsdale Wood; Mr.
Gardner has met with it at Cole Hill, near Hartlepool, Hezleden
Dene, and a plantation near Hart Station; and Mr. Bankes at
Castle Eden in 1885.

207. A. dilectella, Zell.

Argyresthia dilectelia. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 371.
55 ms Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 763.
Dilectella has only been taken at High Force by Mr. Sang.
He notes having found larve there in juniper berzes. Meyrick,
copying Stainton, says in shoots of juniper. It may occur in
- shoots also. The species is likely to be found in all high land
in the west of both counties.

208. A. andereggiella, Dup.

Argyresthia andereggiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 371.
” 55 Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 763.

A very local species, the larva feeding on hazel and apple.
It is marked in the ‘‘Manual” as occurring at Newcastle-on-
Tyne; and Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson says he took it in West
Northumberland. I have no other records.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 181

209. A. curvella, Stain.

Argyresthia curvella. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 371.
cornella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 764.

A common species and extending far into Scotland. I have
no records of its occurrence in Northumberland, but it is certain
to occur. In Durham Mr. Backhouse has found it at St. John’s.
It is marked as abundant at Darlington, too common, I expect,
for Mr. Sang to enter in his diary. Mr. Gardner has also
taken it at Cole Hill, near Hartlepool. The larva feeds on

apple.

9)

210. A. sorbiella, Tr.

Argyresthia sorbiella, Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 371.
” > Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 764.

Rather a local species, the larva feeding in shoots of mountain
ash (Pyrus aucuparia), Mr. Hodgkinson marks it as a West
Northumberland insect. Mr. Sang has taken it at Wolsingham,
and Mr. Gardner and Mr. B. A. Bower in Upper Teesdale—both
in West Durham. Mr. Gardner has also found it not uncommon
in Hezleden Dene.

211. A. pygmeella, Hub.

Argyresthia pygmeella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 871.
” 99 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 764.

A very widely distributed species, and probably to be found
everywhere among willow. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring
at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and abundant at Darlington, but I have
no records except that Mr. Backhouse took it at Shotley and
Mr. Gardner at Edder Acres near Hartlepool, and in Hezleden
Dene.

212. A. goedartella, Linn.
Argyresthia gedartella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 372.
+ 5p Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 764.
A very common species among birch and alder, but I have
very few records. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as abundant both at

182 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington. Mr. Backhouse took it
-at Shotley, and Mr. Gardner found it very common both at Cole
Hill, near Hartlepool, and in Hezleden Dene. I have no doubt
it may be found plentifully in all parts of both counties.

213. A. brockeella, Hub.

Argyresthia brockeella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 872.
” 99 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 763.

A common species among birch. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”
as being abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and occurring regularly
at Darlington. I would expect it to be plentiful in all birch
woods. Mr. Finlay found it generally distributed around
Morpeth. Mr. Wailes recorded it nearly seventy years ago in
Castle Eden Dene (see Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. iv., p. 253),
where Mr. Sang took it in 1854, and where I have met with it
much more recently ; Mr. Backhouse also took it at St. John’s,
and Mr. Gardner at Edder Acres.

214. A. arceuthina, Zell.

Argyresthia arceuthina. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 372.
As i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 763.

The larva of this species feeds on juniper, and the insect need
only be looked for where that grows. It has been taken at
Wolsingham by Mr. Sang, and should also occur in Teesdale
and on the Northumberland hills.

CEDESTIS, Zell.
215. Cedestis farinatella, Dup.

Cedestis farinatella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 373.
Me at Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 760.

Mr. Hodgkinson took farinatella in West Northumberland.
In the ‘‘ Manual” it is given as being abundant at Darlington,
but I think the specimens were taken in the Teesdale woods,
where Mr. Gardner also met with it. There is not very much
Scotch fir in Hezleden Dene, but Mr. Gardner has taken
farinatella there also. I expect it will be found in most or all
of the fir woods of both counties.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 1838

OCNEROSTOMA, Zell.

216. Ocnerostoma piniariella, Zell.

Ocnerostoma piniartella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 878.

s + Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 760.

Rather common in Scotch fir woods, etc. In Northumberland

it has only been met with in the west by Mr. Hodgkinson. In

Durham the few records I have are from the south of the

county. Mr. Gardner found it very common in a young Scotch

fir wood near Cole Hill. Mr. Sang took it in several places

around Darlington, Dinsdale Wood, Coniscliffe Moor, Elders,
ete.

ZELLERIA, Stain.

217. Zelleria hepariella, Stain.

Zelleria hepariella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 374.
5 ‘i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 767

(partim ).
Castle Eden Dene is given in the ‘‘Manual’’ as one of the
habitats of this insect. There Mr. Sang took it as long ago as
1853, his notes reaching down to 1874. It is noted among his
captures at Darlington in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,
vol. vi., p. 170, where he took it in 1873 and 1874. Mr.

Gardner has taken it in Castle Eden Dene still more recently.

218. Z. insignipennella, Stain.

Zelleria insignipennella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 374.

5, Aepariella Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 767

(partim).

Stainton suggests that this is perhaps not truly distinct from

hepariella, and their identity is now considered beyond question,

but I give them separately because he did. The larger insect

has been taken at the same places as the smaller, viz., Castle

Eden Dene, where Mr. Sang took it from 1862 to 1879; and

Elders, Darlington, where he met with it in 1874. Mr, Gardner
also took it in Castle Kden Dene with heparvella.

184 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

GRACILARIID A.
GRACILARIA, Haw.
219. Gracilaria swederella, Thunb.

Gracilaria swederella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 376.
Ap alchimiella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 751.

Generally common among oak, but I have few records. The
“Manual” gives it as abundant at both Newcastle-on-Tyne and
Darlington. Mr. Finlay found it generally distributed around
Morpeth, and always common. Mr. Backhouse found it at St.
John’s; it is very abundant in Hezleden Dene, where Mr.
Gardner has taken it freely.

220. G. stigmatella, Fab.

Gracilaria stigmatella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 376.
a - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 751.

I have no records for the occurrence of this insect in North-
umberland, and Meyrick limits its recorded range northwards
to Durham. Mr. Backhouse got it at St. John’s; the ‘‘ Manual”’
marks it as occurring regularly at Darlington, and Mr. Sang
appears to have taken it at several places around that town. In
August, 1860, he took it at street lamps. JI have no other re-
cords. The larva feeds on willow and poplar, and I see no
reason why it should not be found in the more northern county.

221. G, stramineella, Stain.

Gracilaria stramineella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 376.
4 elongella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 752

(partim).

Described by Stainton as distinct from elongella, but now re-

cognised as an uncommon variety of it. The only records I

have of its occurrence here are from the west of the county,

High Force, and Egglestone, where Mr. Sang took it in 1878

and 1879. His dates do not agree closely with those in the

‘* Manual,” as he got it on Ist August, 1878, at High Force.

The Egglestone dates, 14th and 15th September, show the
ordinary time of the appearance of the second brood.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 185

222. G. elongella, Linn.

Gracilaria elongella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 377.
a “ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 752

(partim ).

Generally a common species, the larva feeding on birch or

alder. The insect is given in the ‘‘ Manual”? as occurring at

Darlington, and regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne. It has been

taken in West Northumberland by Mr. Hodgkinson. Mr. Sang

took it in Castle Eden Dene and at Black Halls in 1860, and at

High Force in August or September, 1878. Mr. Backhouse got

it in a garden at Darlington and also at St. John’s. Mr. Gardner
reports it scarce in Hezleden Dene.

223. G. tringipennella, Zell.

Gracilaria tringipennella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 877.
5 35 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 752.

A common insect, the larva feeding on Plantago lanceolata.
It is given in the ‘ Manual” as occurring regularly at New-
eastle-on-Tyne and abundantly at Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson
found the species in West Northumberland, and Mr. Finlay
found it not uncommon in the Morpeth district. In Durham it
is common on the railway side both at Hartlepool and Darlington,
and in other places around. Mr. Sang also took it in Castle
Eden Dene, and Mr. Backhouse records it from St. John’s.

224. G, syringella, Fab.

Gracilaria syringella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 378.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 752.

9) ee)
A very common species, occurring almost everywhere. It is
given in the ‘‘ Manual” as abundant both at Newcastle-on-
Tyne and Darlington. I have no other Northumberland record,
but it is widely spread and common in Durham. Mr. Wailes
took it at Gibside seventy years ago (see Stephens’ Illustrations,
vol. iv., p. 364.) Mr. Corder has taken it near Sunderland.
Mr. Backhouse took it at St. John’s. It is also common in
Castle Eden Dene, Hezleden Dene, etc., etc.

186 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

225. G. auroguttella, Steph.

Gracilaria auroguttella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 378.
” np Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p. 753.

Generally common among some of the species of Hypericum,
but not very plentiful here. It is marked in the “‘ Manual” as
occurring regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr.
J. B. Hodgkinson found it in West Northumberland. It occurs
in Hezleden Dene, but Mr. Gardner finds it scarce there.

CORISCIUM, Zell.
226. Coriscium cuculipennellum, Hub.

Coriscium cuculipennellum. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 879.
6 Pee Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 749.

A decidedly local species, and in this district only reported
from Durham county. Mr. Backhouse met with it at Shotley,
and Mr. Sang took it in Castle Eden Dene in September, from
1862 to 1879. Mr. Gardner has also taken it in Hezleden
Dene.

227. C. sulphurellum, Haw.

Coriscirum sulphurellum. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 379.
a 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 749.
A local species, but occurring much further north than these
counties. I have, however, no notice of its appearance here
except among the papers of the late Mr. Backhouse, who records
that he took it at St. John’s in West Durham. The moth occurs
among oaks, but the larva does not appear to be known.

ORNIX, Tr.
228. Ornix avellanella, Stain.
Ornix avellanella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 380.
Ne Fr Meyr. Hdbk, Brit. Lep., p. 748.

(partim ).
A very common species. The ‘“‘ Manual”’ gives it as occurring
at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and being abundant at Darlington. I

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 187

have no other Northumberland records, and for Durham only
that of Mr. Backhouse, who got it at Shotley, and of Mr.
Gardner who found it in Hezleden Dene. The larva feeds on
hazel, and the insect may be found everywhere, but this and
the following five species are more or less difficult to separate
except when bred.

229. O. anglicella, Stain.

Orniz anglicella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 380.
A 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 748 (partim ).

Another common species, perhaps commoner than the last. It
is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as abundant both at Newcastle-on--
Tyne and at Darlington. Mr. Backhouse took it at St. John’s,
and Mr. Gardner in Hezleden Dene. I have little doubt but
that it is plentiful almost everywhere among hawthorn.

230. O, betulee, Stain.

Ornix betule. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 380.
5 se Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 747 (partim/).

Also common, the larva feeding on birch. It appears, how-
ever, to occur more to the west of the district than the east.
It is given for Newcastle-on-Tyne in the ‘‘ Manual,” and Mr.
Finlay found it generally distributed about Morpeth. In
Durham Mr. Sang took it at Wolsingham, and also at High
Force; the first brood at Wolsingham, and the second at High
Force.

231. O. torquillella, Zell.

Ormizx torguillella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 381.
* “1p Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 747.

More local than the preceding, and more restricted in its
range, Durham being the published northern limit. It is given
in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as abundant at Darlington. The larva feeds
on blackthorn. I know of no other localities.

188 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

232. O,. scoticella, Stain.

Ornix scoticella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 381.
» 59 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 747.

Not at all common here. Mr. Backhouse took it at St.
John’s, Weardale; and Mr. Sang met with it at Barnard Castle,
where he found it scarce. It probably occurs still further to the
west at High Force, Upper Teesdale, and most likely on the
high land in West Northumberland also. At present there is
no record for that county.

233. O. loganella, Stain.

Ornix loganella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 381.
» 99 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 747.

Apparently not occurring in Northumberland, and scarce in
Durham. It is only recorded from Shotley by Mr. Backhouse;
from Wolsingham by Mr. Sang, who took it in 1874; and from
Hezleden Dene by Mr. Gardner, who says it is rare. The larva
feeds on birch. It does not appear to have been found any-
where south of Herefordshire.

234. O. guttea, Haw.

Ornix guttea. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 381.
5 ‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 747.

Generally rather a common species, but apparently not re-
corded from any station to the north of South Durham. Indeed,
the only records I have are from Darlington, which is marked
in the ‘‘Manual” as a place where guttea is abundant, and
where Mr. Sang has met with it.

COLEOPHORID A.
COLEOPHORA, Zell.
235. Coleophora laricella, Hub.

Coleophora laricella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 384.
2 % Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 649.

No doubt an abundant species among larch. Mr. Hodgkinson

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 189

took it in West Northumberland. Mr. Sang got it in Dinsdale
Wood, near Darlington. It is marked in the ‘‘Manual”’ as
being abundant at the latter place.

236. C. lutipennella, Zell.

Coleophora lutipennella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 384.
) si Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 648.

A yery common species, one that probably occurs all over
both counties. So far, however, it is only recorded for West
Northumberland by Mr. Hodgkinson. In Durham it is given in
the ‘‘ Manual”’ as having been taken at Darlington; Mr. Sang
took it at Barnard Castle, and Mr. Gardner in Upper Teesdale
and in Hezleden Dene.

237. C. fuscedinella, Zell.

Coleophora fuscedinella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 385.
Fe " Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 648.

No doubt a plentiful species in most places in both counties,
yet as is often the case with common insects, I have no records
except that the ‘‘ Manual” marks it as being abundant at Dar-
lington. This insect, however, does not appear to reach Scotland,
in which case the northern limit of its range will be somewhere
within these counties.

238. C. viminetella, Zell.

Coleophora viminetella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 385.
” “ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 648.

A common insect generally, and probably occurring every-
where. I have no record excepting from the west of North-
umberland, where Mr. Hodgkinson met with it. In Durham it
is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as appearing regularly at Darlington.
Mr. Backhouse took it at St. John’s; and Mr. Gardner has bred
it freely from cases on sallow collected in Crimdon Cut, above
Hart Station.

oe

190 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

239. C. siccifolia, Stain.

Coleophora siccifolia, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 385.
a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 647.

Not a generally distributed species, though the larva feeds on
birch, hawthorn, and apple. The only record I have of its
occurrence here is that Mr. Hodgkinson met with it in West
Northumberland, but Mr. Bankes informs me that in Nat. Hist.
Tin., iv., 88 (1859) Stainton recorded it as common at Stockton-
on-Tees. It is entered in Sang’s diary, without locality, as
taken (no doubt in the larval state) on 5th September, 1880,
but from the adjoining entries I do not think it was met with
in these counties.

240. C. gryphipennella, Bouché.

Coleophora gryphipennella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 385.
4p A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 647.

Doubtless a common species, yet I have very few records,
especially from Northumberland. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual ”’
as being abundant at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and occurring
regularly at Darlington. I have no other Northumbrian record,
but feel sure the insect must occur, more particularly on the
coast sandhills on the spiny rose (Rosa spinosissima). On this
it is very abundant on Hartlepool sandhills, and I have also
found it freely on the dog rose in the hedges and on garden
rose. Mr. Sang records it from Coniscliffe Lane, evidently by
the date, April 10th, in the larval state, on the hedge roses
there. I would expect it to occur all over both counties.

241. C. nigricella, Steph.

Coleophora nigricella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 385.
” » Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 647.

Generally a common species, and probably occurring every-
where. I have, however, only one record beyond those in the
‘‘ Manual,” which gives it as occurring regularly at Newcastle-
on-Tyne, and abundantly at Darlington. The one record is that

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 191

Mr. Sang took it in June near Darlington. The larva feeds on
blackthorn, whitethorn, apple, and other trees, so that it can
find food almost anywhere.

242. C. orbitella, Zell.

Coleophora orbitella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 886.
. us Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 648.

In the north at least orbitella seems to have a preference for
the western side of the island. Its range is said to reach West-
morland. Here it has been noticed only in the western part of
Durham. Mr. Hodgkinson does not give it as having occurred
in West Northumberland. Mr. Sang appears to be the only
collector who has met with it here. His captures were at
Wolsingham in 1878 and 1879 (the most northern locality),
Stanhope in 1874, and at High Force from 1874 to 1878. In
Britain it is better known by the synonym welkinsoni, Scott,
than by the name orbitella, Zell.

243. C. paripennella, Zell.

Coleophora paripennella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 386.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 647.

A local species, and apparently not found north of Durham,
in which county it has only been met with by Mr. Sang, who
bred it from larvee found at High Force on Ist August, 1877.
He does not appear to have seen it again.

9 )

244. (C,. albitarsella, Zell.

Coleophora albitarsella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 386.
- me Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 646.

The range of this species also does not appear to extend
beyond Durham, in the south of which it is fairly common locally.
The ‘‘ Manual”’ gives it as occurring regularly at Darlington.
Mr, Sang found larve in Grange Road, to the south of Dar-
lington, from 17th to 22nd May, 1872, and in Coniscliffe Lane,
to the west of the town, on June 4th of the same year. Stainton
and Meyrick give the larve as full fed in April, but I learn

192 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

from Mr. Bankes that even in South Dorset they may be
collected during May and part of June, and he has found them
feeding there as late as June 19th. Mr. Gardner has bred the
insect from larvee found, but not commonly, in Hezleden Dene.

245. C. aleyonipennella, Koll.

Coleophora alcyonipennella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 386.

o a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 646.
Not uncommon locally in England, and the ‘‘ Manual” gives
it as abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne, but Mr. Finlay never met
with it, and I have no other notice for Northumberland. The
“Manual” also marks it as occurring regularly at Darlington,
but Mr. Sang does not enter it in his diary as occurring there.
He took it in Castle Eden Dene as far back as 1857. Mr. John
Scott recorded the larve on leaves of black knapweed
(Centaurea nigra) at Stockton-on-Tees (see Entomologist’s
Weekly Intelligencer, vol. i., p. 20). Mr. Gardner has also bred.
it freely from larvee collected in Crimdon Cut and at Greatham.

246. C. frischella, Linn.

Coleophora frischella, Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 386.
af te Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 646.

Not being a micro-lepidopterist, I have been puzzled as to
why this species is now considered identical with C. melilotedla,
Scott, in face of the distinction pointed out in all the earlier
notices of the latter between both the imagines and the larval
cases. Mr. Bankes, however, in explaining the matter, informs
me that in a paper published in Ent. Mo. Mag., xxxy., 1-5
(1888) he proved the identity of frischella and melilotella, and
showed that the supposed imaginal differences were purely
imaginary, and that the reputed case of frischella, which finally
remained as the only obstacle to their union, did not belong to
this species but to conspicuella. When I first took the insect,
about 1862, we called it melilotella. By this name it was taken
all around this district, viz., at Darlington by Mr. Sang, at
Stockton-on-Tees by Mr. Scott, at Hartlepool by myself, and

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 193

at Hartlepool and also at Greatham by Mr. Gardner. Mr.
Hodgkinson, too, marks frischella as a West Northumberland
insect. Recently the plant (Mellotus officinalis) has been
collected largely hereabouts for the making of ‘‘herb beer”
and other purposes, and the insect, which was rather common
on railway banks, is now much scarcer, though still to be taken
where the plant occurs.

247. C, fabriciella, Vill.

Coleophora fabriciella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 387.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 645.

Mr. Hodgkinson reports this insect from West Northumber-
land. I do not know that it has previously been recorded from
beyond Durham. The ‘‘ Manual”’ gives it as occurring at Dar-
lington, where Mr. Sang found it on the railway embankment

) 9?

as recently as June, 1882.

248. C. anatipennella, Hub.

Coleophora anatiennella. Staint. Man., vol. it., p. 387.
i ib Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 651.

Generally rather common locally. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual ”’
as occurring both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington
Mr. Hodgkinson records it among the insects occurring in West
Northumberland. The larva appears to feed on various common
trees, including blackthorn, so that if it is rare here it is not for
need of food; but I have no other records,

249. C, albicosta, Haw.

Coleophora albicosta. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 388.
53 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 654.

A common and generally distributed species, and probably
occurring wherever whin is at all plentiful. Mr. Hodgkinson
found it in West Northumberland. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as
occurring regularly both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Dar-
lington. Mr. Backhouse met with it at St. John’s, and Mr.

194 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Sang took it at several places around Darlington, and also at
Wolsingham. Mr. Gardner has met with it in Hezleden Dene,
around which it is not uncommon.

250. C. pyrrhulipennella, Zell.

Coleophora pyrrhulipennella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 388.
A HE Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,

p- 653.

Rather a common species where its food plants abound, but it

apparently prefers the west to the eastern coast. Mr. Hodgkin-

son took it in West Northumberland, and Mr. Sang found larvee

at Wolsingham in western Durham. It is likely to occur else-
where on the moors as the larva feeds on ling and heath.

251. C. lixella, Zell.

Coleophora lixella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 389.
” a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 651.

A very local species, occurring here only in Castle Eden Dene
according to the ‘‘ Manual,” and at Black Halls, where Mr.
Gardner has taken it not uncommonly. The larva after eating
wild thyme at first, feeds up in the spring on grass. Meyrick
says, ‘‘ first in case made of a seed-capsule, on Thymus, after-
wards in ochreous cylindrical case of fragments of leaves on
Briza, Holcus, Poa, and other grasses.”

252. C. discordella, Zell.

Coleophora discordella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 390.
” 99 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 654.

Rather a common and well distributed species. It is given in
the ‘“‘ Manual” as being abundant at Neweastle-on-Tyne, and
occurring at Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson has met with it in
West Northumberland. Mr. Sang took it in several places
around Darlington, and Mr. Gardner has taken it both at
Greatham and in Crimdon Cut. It is an insect likely to occur
wherever there is an abundance of Lotus corniculatus, on which
the larva feeds.

a e

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 195

253. C. genistze, Stain.

Coleophora geniste. Staint. Man., vol ii., p. 390.
” 65 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 654.

A very local species, and the only record here within my
knowledge is that of the ‘‘ Manual,” which gives Newcastle-on-
Tyne as a place where it occurs. The larva feeds on Genista
anglica, a moor plant, so that it must have been on some of the
damp moors that it was taken, but Mr. Finlay never met with
it. I would urge upon the Newcastle collectors to find the
habitat.

254. CG. onosmella, Zell.

Coleophora onosmella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 390.
5 e _ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 655.

Mr. Sang entered in his diary that he took this insect in
Headley Lane, Darlington, on 26th June, 1859. It is not entered
again, nor is there any note or mark of its abundance or other-
wise. It may therefore have been but a stray specimen, as
Durham is much beyond its range. It does not occur in York-
shire, nor have I any knowledge of the insect on the east side
of the island. Mr Bankes thinks it not improbable that Sang’s
entry may have been due to an error of identification, and adds
that everyone makes at least a few erroneous entries in his
diary, especially in his younger days, but it is by no means
everyone who, if the errors are afterwards detected, remembers
to correct the entries. He points out that in 1859 Sang was
only 81 years of age, and was no authority on this difficult
genus Coleophora, nor is it known that the specimen was sub-
mitted to any expert.

255. C. therinella, Stain.

Coleophora therinella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 391.
i. 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 656.

A very local species, not recorded as extending northward
beyond Durham according to Meyrick, but Mr. Hodginson
entered it as found by himself in West Northumberland. In

196 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Durham I only have the ‘‘ Manual’’ record that it has occurred
at Darlington, and that Mr. Gardner has taken it at Black
Halls. Mr. Sang does not appear to have met with it either
about Darlington or elsewhere.

256. C. troglodytella, Dup.

Coleophora troglodytella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 391.
Bs Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 656.

Meyrick limits the recorded northward range of this species
to York, but it has occurred at Darlington, where Mr. Sang took
it, and in Crimdon Cut, where Mr. Gardner met with it.

257. C,. lineolea, Haw.

Coleophora lineolea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 391.
Ba 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 655.

A local species, but very widely distributed. I have no
other knowledge of its occurrence here than the ‘‘ Manual”
record, which gives it as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne. As
already said, the Newcastle list was supplied by Wailes, who
collected in both counties. Here is another enigma for our
Newcastle collectors to solve.

258. C. apicella, Stain.

Coleophora apicella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 391.
. 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 655.

Rather a local species, and not extending very far north. It
is not given in Porritt’s Yorkshire catalogue, but Mr. Sang took
it at Baydales, near Darlington, many years ago. Its redis-
covery would be important. This is the cacuminatella of
Doubleday’s list.

259. C. annulatella, Tengst.
Coleophora annulatella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 392.
. i laripennella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 657.
This, which is rather a common species, and was called
tengstromelia by Doubleday, is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 197

occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and regularly at Darlington.
There Mr. Sang took it in Neasham Lane, in Whessoe Lane, etc.
He also met with it at Seaton Carew, in Castle Eden Dene, and
at Black Halls. Mr. Gardner has also taken it commonly at
Greatham, and also close to his own house at Hart.

260. C, artemisiella, Scott.
Coleophora artemisiella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 658.

This species, which was not discovered until after the pub-
lication of the ‘‘ Manual,’”’ is very common amongst Artemisia
maritima on Greatham marshes. Mr. Gardner has taken the
insect, and bred it freely from larvee collected there. Mr. Sang’s
records in his diary are all for Middlesbro’, but it is certain that
he collected larve at Greatham when with Mr. Gardner, though
he has made no record of doing so.

261. C. murinipennella, Dup.

Coleophora murinipennella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 392.
ms 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 659.

Generally a common species, but its most northern recorded
station is given by Meyrick as Yorkshire. Mr. Hodgkinson,
however, marks it as taken by him in West Northumberland.
In Durham Mr. Sang found it on Coniscliffe Moor, near Dar-
lington, in 1880 and 1881, and Mr. Gardner has taken it at
Greatham. The Durham captures are not far from the York-
shire boundary, but Mr. Hodgkinson’s are perhaps a hundred
miles beyond it.

262. C. glaucicolella, Wood.
Coleophora glaucicolella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 659.

Meyrick says of this species, ‘‘S. England to Hereford and
Cambridge, common; not yet recognised elsewhere.’ Mr.
Gardner has taken it on Greatham salt marsh, the moths and
cases having been identified by Dr. Wood, so that Meyrick’s
statement is no longer correct. The larva feeds on seeds of
Juncus glaucus.

198 _ CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

263. C. ceespititiella, Zell.

Coleophora cespititiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 392.
* ¥ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 659.

A very abundant species, the larva feeding on the seeds of
various species of rush. Mr. Finlay has taken it on Needless
Hall Moor, the only Northumbrian record. Mr. Sang has taken
it in several places near Darlington. Mr. Gardner writes,
‘‘everywhere about rushes.’’ These are all the records, but
there is no doubt of its occurrence ‘‘ everywhere about rushes.”

ELACHISTIDA.

(Bedellia somnulentella, Zell., may be included among the
species that seem likely to occur in Durham, for although
omitted from Mr. Porritt’s Yorkshire list, it was found,
evidently commonly, in the larval state at Middlesbrough by
Mr. John Scott in 1857, and recorded by him in Ent. Wk. Int.,
vol, il., 149.)

BATRACHEDRA, Stain.

264. Batrachedra preeangusta, Haw.

Batrachedra preangusta, Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 896.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 661.

A common species, occurring among poplar and sallow. The

9 29

‘‘Manual” gives it as occurring both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and
Darlington. Mr. Sang took it near Darlington and in Castle
Eden Dene. Mr. Gardner has found it in Hezleden Dene.
Meyrick says larva ‘‘in catkins of poplar and salix (seldom
between joined leaves).”’

265. B. pinicolella, Dup.

Batrachedra pinicolella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 396.
“4 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 661.
A local species, whose recorded range northwards Meyrick
limits to Hereford and Norfolk. Mr. Sang found it on Coniscliffe
Moor in 1879. He sought it again in 1881, and took two
specimens on 3rd August, and one only on the 7th. He went

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 199

again in 1885 on the 2nd August, and was fortunate enough to
capture fifteen.

OINOPHILA, Steph.
266. Oinophila v-flava, Haw.

Oinophila v-flava. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 396.
as v-flavum. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 733.

An insect frequenting cellars, and especially wine cellars, the
larva feeding there on fungi and on wine corks. The ‘‘ Manual”
gives Neweastle-on-Tyne as one of its habitats, and Mr.
Hodgkinson reports it from the west of Northumberland. Mr.
Sang found it in “ Foster’s wine vaults” at Darlington on 12th
October, 1878, and makes the note ‘rather too late.’’ He got
it there again on 24th August, 1881, and continued to get it till
11th September. There are no later notes as to this species,
and I have no other records.

CHAULIODUS, Tr.
267. Chauliodus chezrophyllella, Goze.

Chauliodus cherophyllellus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 397.
Epermenia cherophylilella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 691.

A common species, and likely to be found in most parts of
both counties. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring both at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson has taken
it in West Northumberland. In Durham Mr. Sang has met
with it in Castle Eden Dene frequently, and on Coniscliffe
Moor. Mr. Gardner has found it common in Hezleden Dene.
The larva feeds on the underside of the leaves of Heracleum
and other plants.

LAVERNA, Curt.

268. Laverna propinquella, Stain.

Laverna propinguella, Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 398.
Mompha 53 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 680.

The only Northumbrian collector who has taken this insect is
Mr. Hodgkinson, who met with it in the western district. It

200 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

is given in the “ Manual” as occurring at Darlington, but it
is not mentioned in Sang’s diary. It occurs in Castle Eden
Dene and Hezleden Dene, in both of which places Mr. Gardner
has taken it. Doubleday calls this paludicolella.

269. L. lacteella, Steph.

Laverna lacteella. Staint. Man., vol. it, p. 398.
Mompha ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 681.

A local species generally, and here only recorded from South
Durham. Mr. Sang took it in Neasham Lane, Darlington, and
in Dinsdale Wood. In Neasham Lane he got it on ragwort
flowers. Mr. Gardner has taken it regularly in Hezleden Dene
and Crimdon Cut, but not at all commonly.

270. L. miscella, W. V.

Laverna miscella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 398.
Mompha ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 682.

The ‘‘ Manual” gives the species as occurring regularly at
Darlington. There is little doubt that the specimens referred
to were taken at Black Hall Rocks, where Mr. Sang took it.
Miscella is also entered in his diary as taken at Hartlepool in
1884, but there is no Helianthemum at Hartlepool, nor nearer
than a few hundred yards south of Hezleden Dene mouth. Sang
was probably staying at Hartlepool, and the specimens were
taken at Black Halls or very near thereto. Mr. Gardner has
also taken the insect there, and bred it from Helianthemum,

271. L. ochraceella, Curt.

Laverna ochraceella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 899.
Mompha a Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 681.

Meyrick gives Durham as the most northerly recorded habitat
of this species, but Mr. Hodgkinson has taken it in West North-
umberland, the only Northumbrian record however. It is
common in South Durham. The ‘‘Manual” gives it as occurring
at Darlington. Mr. Sang took it on Coniscliffe Moor. It is also
common in Hezleden Dene, where Mr. Gardner has taken it.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 201

272. L. atra, Haw.

Laverna atra. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 399.
Chrysoclista atra, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 678.

The northerly recorded range of this species is limited to
Yorkshire by Meyrick, but that is an error. The ‘‘ Manual”
gives it as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and regularly at
Darlington. I have no other Northumbrian record, or even for
North Durham, but Mr. Sang bred the insect from larve found
in Whessoe Lane, near Darlington, and Mr. Gardner states it to
be common in most of the hedges near Hartlepool. This is the
hellerella of Doubleday’s list.

CHRYSOCLISTA, Stain.

273. Chrysoclista schrankella, Hub.

Chrysoclista schrankella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 400.
Mompha 5% Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 680.
A very local species, and only taken by one collector in each
county. Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson took it in West Northumber-
land, and Mr. Gardner got it in Hezleden Dene, and bred it
from larve found there on Epilobium montanum.

274. C,. flavicaput, Haw.
Chrysoclista flavicaput. Staint. Man,, vol. i, p. 401.
<5 aurtfrontella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 677.
The ‘“‘Manual”’ marks this species as being abundant at
Neweastle-on-Tyne, and occurring regularly at Darlington. I
have no records except that Mr. Gardner has taken it both at
Greatham and in Hezleden Dene. I expect it will prove to be
common in most places in both counties.

ASYCHNA, Stain.

275. Asychna profugella, Stain.

Asychna profugella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 402.
Cataplectica ,, Meyr. Hadbk. Brit. Lep., p. 689.

202 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

A very local species, and only taken here once. Mr. Sang
recorded it as ‘beaten out’’ in August, 1869, at Elders, near
Darlington. The larve feed on seeds of several common
plants.

276. A. terminella, Westw.

Asychna terminella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 402.
Mompha 96 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 679.

Another local species, and only recorded here for Castle Eden
Dene, where Mr. Sang took larvee in September, 1878 and 1879,
and the Rey. F. G. I. Robinson and Mr. Bankes found them in
August and September, 1885. The larva feeds in leaves of
Circea lutetiana, which is common enough in Hezleden Dene
and most woods and denes in both counties, and I have little
doubt but that the insect will be found in many places.

CHRYSOCORYS, Curt.

277. Chrysocorys festaliella, Hub.

Chrysocorys festaliella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 402.
Schreckensteima ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 690.

This is generally a common insect, the larva feeding on
bramble and raspberry. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as
abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and occurring at Darlington.
The only notices that I have come across besides these are
Sang’s bare entry in his diary of his having met with it at
High Force on September 5th, 1879, and his fuller note,
evidently referring to the same occasion, in the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine, that the larve were in thousands at High
Force, and that the raspberry bushes were bleached in every
direction by them, and formed quite a feature in the landscape.
Mr. Backhouse also found it at St. John’s. It will probably
occur elsewhere in the west.*

* Nore.—Mr. C. 0. Trechmann has more recently (1909) taken the
insect at Edderacres near Castle Eden.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 203

STEPHENSIA, Stain.
278. Stephensia brunnichiella, Linn.

Stephensia brunnichella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 403.
a brunnichiella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 674.7

This species is only recorded from Northumberland by Mr.
Hodgkinson, who took it in the west of the county. In
Durham it is given in the ‘‘Manual” as occurring at
Darlington, where Mr. Sang took it in Coniscliffe Lane, and at
Low Coniscliffe. He also got it in Castle Eden Dene, and Mr.
Gardner has taken it in Hezleden Dene and bred it from larve
collected there.

ELACHISTA, Tr.
279. Elachista trapeziella, Stain.

Elachista trapexiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 404.
in et Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 666.

A local species, only reported from one locality in each
county. Mr. Hodgkinson took it in West Northumberland,
and Mr. Sang in West Durham, at Barnard Castle. The larvee
feed in Luzula pilosa, and Mr. Sang got them from April 2nd
to May 9th from 1859 to 1881.

280. E. gleichenella, Fab.

Elachista gleichenella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 405.
7 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 667.

Another species only recorded once from each county, and
from the same places by the same collectors, namely, from
West Northumberland by Mr. Hodgkinson, and from Barnard
Castle by Mr. Sang. The larva feeds in leaves of Carex, and I
do not see why it should not occur elsewhere. Mr. Sang’s dates
for larve are April 2nd and 8th, 1859 to 1877. He went once
on May 25th, marking his diary ‘‘ too late.”

204 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

281. E. albifrontella, Hub.

Elachista albifrontella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 405.
” ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 667.

Generally common throughout the district, and probably to
be found everywhere. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual’ as
occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and being abundant at Dar-
lington. Mr. Finlay took it in the Old Park, Netherwitton
Mr. Sang got it in Castle Eden Dene as far back as 1857; he
also took it in Dinsdale Wood, near Darlington. Mr. Backhouse
got it at Shotley; this also being nearly fifty years-ago. Mr.
Gardner says, ‘‘ generally common in the district.”’ I have
taken it myself near Hezleden Dene.

282. E. cinereopunctella, Haw.

Elachista cinereopunctella., Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 405.
s, . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 667.

Not a very common species, and only once recorded from each
county. Mr. Hodgkinson reported it from the west of North-
umberland, and Mr. John Scott recorded it from Stockton-on-
Tees in the Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, vol. i., p. 20.

283. KE, luticomella, Zell.

Elachista luticomella. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 406.
zs 6 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 668.

A common species, the larve feeding in the stems or leaves
of Dactylis glomerata. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring at
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and being abundant at Darlington. Mr.
Hodgkinson found it in West Northumberland, the only other
Northumbrian record. Mr. Sang found it.all around Darlington;
Mr. John Scott recorded it from Stockton-on-Tees in the
Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, vol. 1, p. 20. Mr.
Gardner has also found it in Hezleden Dene and in Crimdon
Cut, and I have no doubt it occurs throughout both counties. |

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 205

284. E. atricomella, Stain.

Elachista atricomella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 406.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 668.

9 )

The larvee of this species also feed in the leaves and stems of
Dactylis glomerata, and it is a tolerably common insect. It is
given in the “‘ Manual” as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne,
and regularly at Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson has taken it in
West Northumberland; Mr. Backhouse met with it at Shotley ;
Mr. Sang took it in Castle Eden Dene and several places around
Darlington; and Mr. John Scott recorded it for Stockton-on-Tees
in the Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, vol. i, p. 20.
About Hartlepool it is not very common, but Mr. Gardner has
taken it on the railway side near Hart Station and also near

Thorp Bulmer.

285. E. kilmunella, Stain.

Elachista kilmunella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 406.
- na Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 668.

This insect has been taken in West Northumberland by Mr.
Hodgkinson, and at Egglestone in Teesdale by Mr. Gardner.
Meyrick gives its range on the east of the island as only
extending to Norfolk. He has certainly overlooked the records
in Mr. Porritt’s Yorkshire lst. The larva feeds in Carex in
boggy places, and I expect it will be recorded from many such

localities in future.

286. E. alpinella, Stain.

Elachista alpinella. Sta. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin., p. 254.
i 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 668.

A moorland insect, the larvae mining in leaves and stems of
Carex paludosa. Mr. Hodgkinson found it on moors in West
Northumberland, and Mr. Sang on Teesdale moors in West
Durham. I learn from Mr. Bankes that this species, generally
known as monticola, Wck., should be called by the above name,
which was bestowed on it twenty-two years before that of

206 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

monticola; for although Stainton himself, after describing it
(l.c.) as alpinella, subsequently sunk it, in the index to the
“Manual” (ii., 472), as a variety of Ailmunella, he was in
error in doing so.

287. E. nigrella, Haw.

Elachista nigrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 406.
Pe 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 669

(partim).
Rather a common species generally, but I have few notices
of its appearance here. Mr. Hodgkinson took it in West
Northumberland, the only record from the county. The
“Manual” gives it as being abundant at Darlington—too
common probably for Sang to enter in his diary. The only
other records I have are that Mr. Gardner has taken it in
Hezleden Dene and nearer Hartlepool, and that it has been
captured at Sunderland by Mr. Corder. It is probably common

in both counties. The larva feeds in several grasses.

288. E. gregsoni, Stain.

Elachista gregsom. Sta. Ent. Ann., 1885, p. 70.
ns nigrella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 669
(partim).
This was introduced as a new species in the Entomologist’s
Annual for 1855, having been reared from the larva by Mr.
C. 8. Gregson; however Mr. Bankes informs me that the
imaginal and larval differences pointed out by Mr. Stainton
between gregsont and nigrella are held to be unreliable, and
that they are now considered to be one and the same species.
But I enter gregsont separately, keeping to my rule to follow
Stainton in all such cases. Mr. Sang took it “flying in the
sun, 3 to 4 p.m., in Coniscliffe Lane,’’ on May 15th, 1872; he
took it again at Hell Kettles, and the next year he found the
larvee there, April 5th to 19th, 18738. In 1877 he found larvee
in Coniscliffe Lane on April 3rd, and the following year he got
it again, but earlier, March Ist to 17th.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 207

289. E. obscurella, Stain.

Elachista obscurella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 407.
if eS Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 670.

This species was taken by Mr. Hodgkinson in West
Northumberland, and Mr. Gardner reports it as common in
Upper Teesdale. These are all the records I have under this
name. Mr. Sang notes the occurrence of subobscurella on the
railway side at Darlington, and at Elders, also near Darlington.
This is Doubleday’s name for the same insect.

290. E. perplexella, Stain.

Elachista perplexella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 408.
» 55 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 669.

A local species, but occurring in both counties, Mr.
Hodgkinson having taken it in West Northumberland. It
appears to occur all round the Darlington and Hartlepool
districts. Mr. Sang took it in Dinsdale Wood, on the North-
Eastern Railway embankment, and at other places near
Darlington, also in Castle Eden Dene and at Black Hall Rocks
near Hartlepool. Mr. Gardner has taken it in Hezleden Dene,
and bred it freely from larvee collected there.

291. KE. adscitella, Stain.

Elachista adscitella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 408.
5 megerlella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 671

(partim ).
A very local species, and I have no Northumbrian record.
The ‘‘ Manual” gives Darlington as a place where it occurs.
Mr. Sang found it in Castle Eden Dene; Mr. Scott has
bred it from Stockton-on-Tees; and Mr. Gardner has taken it

in Hezleden Dene, and also bred it from larve collected there.

292. E. megerlella, Stain,

Elachista megerlella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 408.
ie Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 671.
(partum).
The ‘‘ Manual” gives this insect as occurring both at New-

208 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

castle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson has taken it
in the west of Northumberland. Mr. Sang found it regularly
in Castle Eden Dene and at Black Halls, as well as near
Darlington. Mr. Gardner has taken and bred it from Hezleden
Dene. Itis rather a common species, and probably occurs in
most places. Meyrick has merged the preceding species, as
well as cinctella and obliquella, with megerlella.

293. E. zonariella, Tgst.

Hlachista zonariella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 409.
of af Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 671.

Rather a common species, and probably occurring in most
places in both counties. Yet I have only Mr. Hodgkinson’s
record for West Northumberland for the entire county. In
Durham the notices I have are all for the southern and south-
eastern portion. Mr. Sang found it in Castle Eden Dene, in
Dinsdale Wood near Darlington, on the railway side near Croft,
on the Stockton and Darlington railway, and also at Elders.
Mr. John Scott bred it from Aira cespitosa at Stockton-on-
Tees (see Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, vol.i., p. 12),
which is given in the ‘‘Manual’” as one of its places of
occurrence. Mr. Gardner has also bred it from Hezleden

Dene.

294. E. teeniatella, Stain.

Elachista teniatella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 409.
» : Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 670.

A local species, not extending beyond Durham, according to
Meyrick, but taken in West Northumberland by Mr. Hodgkin-
son. Mr. Sang took it at Darlington and bred it from there
(see Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. iv., p. 153). Mr.
Bankes tells me that in Nat. Hist. Tin., iii., 70, Mr. Stainton
wrote of it—‘‘ Mr. Scott met with the larvee, and also with the
perfect insect, near Stockton-on-Tees.”

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 209

295. E. cerusella, Hub.

Elachista cerusella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 410.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 672.

Not a common species generally. It is given in the
‘‘Manual”’ as being abundant at Darlington. Mr. Sang
records it in his diary, ‘‘ Railway, Harrogate Gate, June 18, 1854;
side of Skerne Bridge, July 7th, 1854; Skerne side, larve,
Aug. 8th, 1869; Hell Kettles, larve, June 4th, 1872.”” More
recently it has been taken by Mr. T. A. Lofthouse at Haverton
Hall-*

? 99

296. E., rhyncosporella, Stain.

Elachista rhyncosporella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 410.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 672.

A local species, and so far as the Durham records go, it

2? )

seems to prefer swampy or wet ground.t Mr. Hodgkinson
took it in West Northumberland, but I know nothing of the
place where he got it. Mr. Sang took it near Darlington in a
bog. Mr. Gardner took it on the margin of a pond on Stephen-
son’s farm at Thorp Bulmer, near Hartlepool.

297. KE, paludum, Frey.

Elachista paludum. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 410.
3 3 Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 672.

A decidedly local species. It was taken in West Northum-
berland by Mr. Hodgkinson. Mr. Sang got it at Hell Kettles.
His experience in breeding it is detailed in the Entomologist’s

* Mr. Robson seems to have been in doubt as to whether the entries
in Sang’s diary really referred to this species or to Crambus cerussellus ;
there can however be no question but that they all referred to Hlachista
cerusella, for in the index to his diary, written out by himself, the entries
are noted against the latter species. I have therefore cancelled Mr,
Robson’s notes on the species and included the records.—J. G.

+ This is the case everywhere, for its food plants are only found on
such ground.—E. R. B.

210 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Monthly Magazine, vol. v., p. 78. He says ‘they are scarce,
and difficult to find, as they seem to grow up all at once, and
are fearfully subject to ichneumons.”” That was in 1868, and
down to 1880 he still notes in his diary that the larve are rare.
On May 16th, 1868, he appends a note that they are then too
small to take; in 1880 he got them on the 12th—four days
earlier.

298. E, biatomella, Stain.

Elachista biatomella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 411.
os ) Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 672.

Rather a local species, and I have unusually few notices of
its occurrence here. The ‘‘ Manual”’ gives Newcastle-on-Tyne
as one of the places where it has been found. I have no idea
where the insect was really met with. Mr. Sang got it at
Darlington on the railway banks in June, 1880. I have no
other notice of it.

299. E. triatomea, Haw.

Elachista triatomea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 411.
a % Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 673.

Rather a common species, but I have few records. It is
given in the ‘‘Manual” as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne
and being abundant at Darlington, whence Mr. Bankes received
larve from Mr. Sang in 1885. Mr. Gardner has found it
commonly at Greatham, in Crimdon Cut, and elsewhere. It is
-probably plentiful in most places in both counties.

300. E, pollinariella, Stain.

Elachista pollinariella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 411.
3 i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 673.

This species has only been taken in South Durham. It is
recorded for Darlington in the “ Manual,’ and Mr. Sang took
it in several places around the town, and in Castle Eden Dene.
Mr. Gardner has also taken it on the railway side close to
Hezleden Dene. Mr. Bankes writes that it is not the true
pollinariella originally described by Zeller.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 211

301. E. subocellea, Steph.

Elachista subocellea, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 411.
* » _ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 673.
Limited in its northerly range to York by Meyrick, but
occurring in both these counties. Mr. Hodgkinson took it in
West Northumberland, and Mr. Sang took it in July in Castle
Eden Dene.

302. E. rufocinerea, Haw.
Elachista rufocinerea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 411.
> 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 673.

A most abundant species everywhere.

303. E. cygnipennella, Hub.

Elachista cygnipennella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 412.
ad mn Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 674.

Probably abundant everywhere. It is marked so both at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington in the ‘“‘ Manual.” It is
in all the lists I have seen, and always marked plentiful or
abundant.

TISCHERIA, Zell.
304. Tischeria complanella, Hub.
Tischeria complanella. Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 412.
a “5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 759.

A plentiful species among oak. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”’
as occurring regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and abundantly
at Darlington. Mr. Finlay also reports it as generally dis-
tributed in the Morpeth district, and common among oaks.
It probably occurs everywhere if oak is plentiful.

305. T. marginea, Haw.

Tischeria marginea. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 4138.
- x Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 759.

A common species, the larva feeding in bramble leaves. The
only records I have of its occurrence are those of Mr. Sang,

212 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

who took it at Dinsdale Wood and other places in the vicinity
of Darlington.

LITHOCOLLETIDA,
LITHOCOLLETIS, Hub.
306. Lithocolletis amyotella, Dup.

Inthocolletis amyotella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 415.
” ” Meyr. Hdbk, Brit. Lep., p. 737.

A very local species, yet apparently well distributed here.
Mr. Hodgkinson has taken it in the west of Northumberland,
and Mr. Finlay in the Morpeth district. In Durham it is
given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at Darlington, where Mr.
Sang records it from Baydales. Mr. Gardner has bred it from
larvee found near Hartlepool. He writes, ‘‘I have bred six
specimens of this good species, but cannot say from where I got
the mines ; they were however either from Hezleden Dene or
Greatham.”’

307. L. roboris, Zell.

Inthocolletis roboris. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 415.
a 50 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 737.

Another local species, but apparently to be found in both
counties. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring at Newcastle-
on-Tyne abundantly, and regularly at Darlington. I have no
further records for Northumberland, and for Durham only
that Mr. Sang collected it at Baydales, near Darlington, from
1859 to 1871.

308. L.Sylvella, Haw.

Lithocolletis sylvella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 415.
45 5 Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 737.

The northerly range of this insect is limited to York by Mr.
Meyrick, although the ‘‘Manual”’ states it has occurred at
Newcastle-on-Tyne. Ihave no other record than that in the
‘‘Manual.”” The maple is only doubtfully indigenous in

=,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 213

Durham, though the trees are plentifully enough planted, and
grow apparently wild almost everywhere.

309. L. cramerella, Fab.

Lithocolletis cramerella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 415.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 737.

9? 2?
A very common species among oaks, in the leaves of which
the larve feed. Itis marked in the ‘‘Manual”’ as occurring
regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and plentifully at Darlington.
Mr. Hodgkinson found it in the west of Northumberland, and
Mr. Finlay in the Morpeth district ‘‘ plentiful among oaks.”
Mr. Sang has never entered it in his diary—too common, I
expect. Mr. Gardner has taken it in Hezleden Dene.

310. L. heegeriella, Zell.

Lithocolletis heegervella. -Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 416.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 738.

oe) 1)

A local species generally, and here only recorded from

Darlington, where the ‘‘ Manual”’ says it occurs regularly, and

where Mr. Sang took it in Dinsdale Wood and at Elders, and
from Barnard Castle where he also got it.*

311. L. alnifoliella, Dup.

Inthocolletis alnifoliella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 416.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 738.

A very common insect among alder, in the underside of the
leaves of which the larva feeds. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual’”’
as abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr.
Hodgkinson has found it in West Northumberland, and Mr.
Finlay around Morpeth; he writes ‘‘plentiful among alder.”’
In Durham, besides Darlington, Mr. Sang found it at
Stanhope, Witton Junction, and Barnard Castle. Mr. Gardner
has bred it from Hezleden Dene and from Edder Acres. I have
no doubt it is to be got freely wherever there is alder in either

7) 9

county.
*] have taken it not uncommonly in Hezleden Dene.—-J. G,

214 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

312. L. insignitella, Zell.

Lithocolletis insignitella. Robson, Young Nat., xi., p. 54
(1890).
” ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 739.

The only British locality known for this insect at present is
in the neighbourhood of Hartlepool. It occurs very freely on
the railway side from a quarter of a mile above Hart Station
nearly as far as Hezleden Station. It may also be found in the
larval stage on hedge banks and waste places between the
railway and the sea. In places in this district it is so common
that it would be easy to collect a thousand mines of the larva
within a radius of ten yards. Yetit does not appear to occur
elsewhere in Britain. The larva here feeds only on Trifolium
arvense,* and never appears on either Zrifolium medium or
repens, both of which grow in the same places where znszgnitella
occurs. The occurrence of this minute species so far away
from others of its kind is not very easy to explain. Mr. Sang
appears to have been the first to discover this species in Britain.
His diary contains an entry that he took it near Hartlepool on
July 28th, 1861, but no detailed notice of its discovery in this
country was published until 1890!

*T have no doubt that “‘arvense” is a laps. cal. for ‘‘ pratense,”
for Mr. Gardner tells me that the food plant in the Hartlepool district
is ‘*the common red clover (?pratense),” whereas 7. arvense has only
white or pale pink minute flowers. But, even so, Mr. Robson’s statement —
is very puzzling, for in 1890 he wrote me word that he could only find
the mines on J. mediwm, that pratense was not common where insignt-
tella occurred, but that arvense was plentiful, though it had not yielded
a single mine! Moreover, he described the larval habits, and added that
‘a narrow-leaved plant like medzwm is therefore more convenient for it
than a broader ‘one like pratense.” When writing the above notice,
Mr.. Robson evidently became confused as to names of the various species
of clover and used them incorrectly. In order to settle the point, Mr.
Gardner has kindly sent me specimens of the only clover upon which
L. insignitella has been found in the Hartlepool district ; these bear upon
them some mines of isignitella, and are certainly T. medium.—E. R,
BANKES.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 215

313. L. nigrescentella, Logan.

Lithocolletis nigrescentella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 416.

a . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 738

(partim).

When Stainton’s ‘‘ Manual” was issued in 1859 this insect

was only known from a single specimen taken at Morpeth.*

It has since been taken by Mr. Hodgkinson in West Northum-
berland, and by Mr. Sang on the railway side at Whessoe.

314. KE. irradiella, Stain.

Ltthocolletis trradiella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 416.
- lautella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 738
(partim ).
Rather a local species,f but well distributed. I have only
one record for each county, Mr. Hodgkinson having taken it
in West Northumberland and Mr. Sang at Elders, near
Darlington. The larve feed in oak leaves.

315. L. lautella, Zell.

Inthocolletis lautella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 416.
a a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 738
(partim ).
Meyrick makes the preceding but a synonym of this species,
though both Stainton and Doubleday gave them as distinct.
Lautella is also very local, and the larva, like that of
trradiella, feeds in the underside of oak leaves. The only*

*In Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin., p. 269 (1854), Stainton tells us that this
specimen was taken ‘“‘in May by Mr. Scott.” Our author is mistaken in
saying that ‘the insect’? was only known in 1859 from this single
specimen, for in its ordinary form, which was then regarded as a distinct
species under the name bremiella, it was well known, and is given in
the ‘‘Manual” as common or abundant in three out of the four English
localities there mentioned. The much less common dark northern form
happens to have been the one first described, and is therefore the typical
form, while the much more common one must be called var. bremiella,
Frey.—E. R. B.

¢ See footnote to the following notice.—E, R. B.

216 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

record I have of the present species is that Mr. Hodgkinson took
it in West Northumberland. Of course, if these be but one
species,* Mr. Sang’s capture must be added here.

316. L. bremiella, Frey.

LInthocolletis bremiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 417.
nigrescentella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 738
(partim).
Another local species.—| The ‘‘Manual”’ only gives four
localities, Newcastle-on-Tyne marked for the insect occurring
regularly, and Darlington, where it is marked as abundant,
being two of the four.t Mr. Hodgkinson found it in West
Northumberland, and Mr. Sang got it at Barnard Castle,
besides in the immediate neighbourhood of Darlington. The
larva mines in leaves of Vicia sepiwm and occasionally in those

2

of other plants.

317. L. ulmifoliella, Hub.

Lnthocolletis ulmifoliella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 417.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 739.

Rather a common insect, and I expect well distributed over
both counties. It is given in the ‘‘Manual” as occurring
regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and abundantly at Darlington.
Mr. Hodgkinson has also taken it in West Northumberland.
In Durham Mr. Gardner has found it common in Hezleden
Dene. I have no other records, but have no doubt as to its
occurrence wherever there is plenty of birch.

9) ?

* The form originally described as distinct under the name trradiella
is a dark northern variety of lautella, Z., and is now known as var.
trradiella, Stain.—E. R. B.

+ But see footnote to notice of L. nigrescentella.—k. R. B.

tIn Nat. Hist. Tin., ii., 188 (1857), Stainton says that L. bremiella
‘‘has been found at Castle Eden, near Durham,” but does not mention
who found it there.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 217

318. L. spinolella, Dup.

LIuthocolletis spinolella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 417.
“5 a Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 739.

Rather a local insect, though often common amongst its
food plant Salix caprea. The ‘ Manual” gives it as occurring
regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and abundantly at Darlington.
Mr. Hodgkinson found it in West Northumberland, and Mr.
Gardner has met with it in Hezleden Dene and elsewhere
about Hartlepool.

oloe . SOrbi, Frey,
Inthocolletis sorbi. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 741.

A new species, introduced since the publication of the
*¢ Manual.” It is given in Meyrick’s ‘‘ Handbook ”’ as occurring
in Durham, and the only record I know of is that Mr. Sang
took it on June 2nd and 3rd, 1879, and on May 16th, 1880.
There must be some published record, or Meyrick would not
have it, as he had no private aid; but I have not found it.*

320. L. Salicicolella, Sire.

Inthocolletis salicicolella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 418.
» ” Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 740.

Rather a common species. It is marked as abundant at
Neweastle-on-Tyne, and is probably plentiful in both counties

* In Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii., 262-3 (1886), a note by Sang was published,
in the course of which he says that in the upper part of Weardale, on the
edge of the moors, in the autumn of 1854, “LZ. sorbi was plentiful on
the mountain ash, as it usually is with us, at high elevations,” and
that he then collected, in the same locality, some mines on Prunus padus
which yielded Z. sorbi in the following spring. The comma after ‘‘ us” in
the above quotation should obviously have been omitted, for Sang proceeds
to emphasize the fact that he found this species “‘on the high grounds ” only,
and neyer at Darlington. His note contains the first record of L. sorbi,
Frey., formerly more generally known in this country by Scott’s name
“ aucupariella,”’ as a British species, —E. R. B.

218 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

wherever there is plenty of common willow. Mr. Hodgkinson
found it in West Northumberland. Mr. Sang got it at Black
Hall Rocks. These are all the records I have, but that is
probably more on account of its abundance than its scarcity.

321. L. pomifoliella, Zell.

Lithocolletis pomifoliella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 418.

= % Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 740

(partim ).

This insect is very plentiful in most places, the larva feeding

in hawthorn and apple leaves. It is doubtless common all over

both counties, but I have no records. It is marked in the

‘‘Manual” as being abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and

Darlington.* It is plentiful also both in Hezleden Dene and at
Greatham. Mr. Gardner has taken it at both places.

322. L. spinicolella, Stain.

Lithocolletis spinicolella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 418.
re Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 741.

A common insect almost everywhere. It is given in the
‘‘Manual”’ as being abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and
at Darlington. I have no further Northumberland record, and
in Durham only from Grange Road and Coniscliffe Lane, near
Darlington, where Mr. Sang found it, and from Hezleden Dene,
where Mr. Gardner got it. The larva feeds in sloe leaves,
and wherever blackthorn is plentiful this species will be
found.

* See Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii., 262, where Sang states both pomzfoliella
(t.e., at any rate oxyacanthe) and spinicolella are common enough at
Darlington, but he never finds either on the high grounds where he gets
sorbi.

+ This statement clearly requires some modification, for in Ent. Mo.
Mag., xxii, 262 (1886), Sang wrote—‘Now I never find spini-
colella . . . on the high grounds”; he adds, however, that it is
‘“common enough” at Darlington.—L. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 219

328. L. faginella, Zell.

Inthocolletis faginella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 418.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 741
(partim ).

An abundant species, swarming about beech everywhere, the
larvee feeding in the leaves. It is marked in the ‘‘ Manual” as
being abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington.
Mr. Hodgkinson also marks it as occurring in West Northum-
berland. Mr. Gardner has taken it in Upper Teesdale and in
Hezleden Dene, and no doubt it occurs everywhere in both
counties, the paucity of records being an evidence in this case
of its being too plentiful to be worth noticing.*

? )

324. L. coryli, Nic.

Inthocolletis cory. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 419.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 742.

Rather a common species. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”

oP] )

as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and being abundant at
Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson reports it from West Northum-
berland, and Mr. Finlay found it not uncommon in Coal Law
Wood. In Durham Mr. Sang got it at Barnard Castle, and Mr.
Gardner says it ‘‘swarms in Hezleden Dene.’’f

325. L. vacciniella, Stain.

Lithocolletis vacciniella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 419.
5 Junomella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 742.

This is given in the “Manual” as being abundant at
Neweastle-on-Tyne. As the larva lives in the leaves of
Vaccimum vitis-idea, the reference must be to some of the

* One locality in Northumberland, viz., Morpeth, and one in Durham,
viz., Stockton-on-Tees, are given by Stainton in Nat. Hist. Tin., ii., 154
(1857), probably on the authority of Messrs. John Finlay and John Scott
respectively.—E. R. B.

7 In Nat. Hist. Tin., ii., 114 (1857), Mr. Stainton, probably on the
authority of Mr. John Scott, records its occurrence at Stockton-on-Tees.—

E. R. B.
H

220 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

higher moors where the food plant abounds. The same remark
applies to the Stockton-on-Tees record (Entomologist’s Weekly
Intelligencer, vol. i., p. 20). Mr. Scott probably found it in
Upper Teesdale, though, as he had been in Scotland the previous
year, he may have brought it from there. Mr. Gardner, how-
ever, has found it in Upper Teesdale.

326. L. quinqueguttella, Stain.

Inthocolletis quingueguttella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 419.
ie be as Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,

p- 742.
Of this species Meyrick says ‘‘ England to York, local.” It
certainly occurs very much further north, for Mr. Hodgkinson
records it from West Northumberland. For Durham I have no
records except from the Hartlepool district, Castle Eden and
Black Halls, where Mr. Sang took it commonly. Mr. Gardner

also has bred it from larve got at Black Halls on Salix repens.

327. L. quercifoliella, Zell.

Inthocolletis quercifolella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 420.
ma i, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 743.

A common species among oak. The ‘“‘Manual”’ gives it as
being abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington.
Mr. Hodgkinson met with it in West Northumberland. Mr.
Gardner found it common in Hezleden Dene. There are no
other records, probably because of its great abundance.

328. L. messaniella, Zell.

Lnthocolletis messaniella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 420.
3 95 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 743.

Generally common, and probably occurring in most parts of
both counties, but I have very few records indeed. The
‘‘Manual”’ gives it as abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne
and Darlington, and Mr. Hodgkinson marks it as occurring in
the west of Northumberland. No one else has recorded it,
perhaps, like others, because of its abundance.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 221

329. L. scopariella, Zell.

Lithocolletis scopariella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 420.
7 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 743.

A local species, the larva feeding in broom. It has only
been taken here by Mr. Sang, who met with it first in 1866 on
the railway side at Whessoe. He afterwards (1878 to 1881)
got it on Tees-side and on Coniscliffe Moor.

330. L. viminiella, Stain.

Lnthocolletis viminiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 420.
se 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 743.

Another species of which the larva feeds on willow, and
rather a common insect in most places. Yet the only North-
umbrian record is that of Mr. Hodgkinson, who found it in the
west of the county. The ‘‘ Manual” marks it as occurring at
Darlington, and Mr. Gardner has taken it in Hezleden Dene.*

331. L. corylifoliella, Haw.

Inthocolletis corylifoliella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 421.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 744
(partim),
A widely distributed species, common in some parts of the
country among hawthorn, etc. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual ”

) 9

as being abundant at Newcastle-on-Tyne,{ and as occurring at
Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson marked it as being found in
West Northumberland. About Hartlepool it swarms on every
hedge. I have no other records, but it is abundant wherever I
have been.

* In Nat. Hist. Tin., ii., 86 (1857), it is recorded, though without the

name of the observer, who was presumably Mr. John Scott, as occurring
at Stockton-on-Tees.—E. R. B.
t Another Northumbrian locality, viz., Morpeth, is recorded in

Stainton’s Nat. Hist. Tin., ii., 98 (1857). It seems natural to suppose
that it had been taken there by Mr. John Finlay.—L. R. B.

222 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

332. L. caledoniella, Stain.
Lithocolletis caledoniella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 421.

Be corylifoliella, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 744
(partim).
This, as suggested by Stainton, is now known to be but a
darker form of corylifoliella. The larva feeds in the same way,
in the upper side of hawthorn and other leaves, and the insect
appears at the same time. It would seem to be a northern
form, though corylfoliella occurs in the north also. Mr.
Finlay found caledoniella generally distributed and common
in those parts of Northumberland where he collected. It is given
in the ‘‘ Manual”? as occurring at Darlington. Mr. Sang took it
at Dinsdale, as well as nearer Darlington. Mr. Gardner records
it for Hezleden Dene only. I think it occurs on all our hedges.

333. L. nicellii, Stain.
LInthocolletis nicellx. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 421.
“ ss Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 744
(partim ).
A common species among hazel, on which the larva feeds.
It is entered by Mr. Hodgkinson in his list of West Northum-
berland species. It is given in the ‘‘Manual” as being
abundant at Darlington. Mr. Gardner finds it commonly in
Hezleden Dene. It is one of those abundant species that Mr.
Sang never entered in his diary.

334. L. dunningiella, Stain.
Inthocolletis dunningiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 421.
nicellre. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 744
(partem),
This insect is considered by Meyrick to be the same as the
preceding. The book description in Stainton ought to be

99

sufficient to distinguish them.* ‘The present species is reported
from West Northumberland by Mr. Hodgkinson, and from
Barnard Castle (West Durham) by Mr. Sang. I have no
further record.

* They are readily distinguishable, nécel/i being light and dunningiella
dark in colour, but the latter is, nevertheless, a dark northern variety of
the former, and should be known as ZL. nicedlii var. dunningiella, Stn.—
E.R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 223

335. L. froelichiella, Zell.

Lithocolletis frolichiella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 421.
froelichiella, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 744.

Rather a local species, the larva mining in the leaves of alder.
It is given for West Northumberland by Mr. Hodgkinson, the
only Northumbrian record I have seen. The ‘‘ Manual” gives
Darlington as a place where the insect occurs, but I have no
other notice of it there. Mr. Sang found it at Stanhope. Mr.
Gardner has taken it at Edder Acres, near Hartlepool, but
not commonly.

”?

336. L, stettinensis, Nic.

Lnthocolletis stettinensis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 421.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 744.

Another alder-feeder, and rather a local species. Mr.
Hodgkinson took it in West Northumberland—the only notice
I have for that county. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring
at Darlington, and Mr. Gardner has taken it at Edder Acres.
These are all the records.* Mr. Sang does not appear to have

9 9

met with it.

337. L. kleemannella, Fab.

Inthocolletis klemannella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 422.
kleemannella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 744.

»

The larva of this insect feeds also in leaves of alder. It is
rather a local insect, and the only Northumbrian record is that
of Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson, who found it in the west of that
county. The ‘“‘ Manual” gives it as occurring at Darlington.
Mr. Sang took it at Stanhope, to which the ‘‘ Da.” of the
Manual” may refer, and Mr, Gardner has found it at Edder
Acres, near Hartlepool.

* But in Nat. Hist. Tin., ii., 196 (1857), Mr. Stainton recorded it from

another Durham locality, viz., Stockton-on-Tees. He does not give the
name of the captor, who was most probably Mr. John Scott.—E, R. B.

224 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

338. L. emberizepennella, Bch.

Lithocolletis emberizepennella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 422.
$5 embervzipennella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,

p. 745.

A tolerably common species, probably occurring in most

places in both counties. The only record, however, of the

insect in Northumberland is that of Mr. Hodgkinson from the

west of that county. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as being abund-

ant at Darlington. Mr. Sang took it at Barnard Castle, and
Mr. Gardner has taken it freely in Hezleden Dene.

339, L. tristrigella, Haw.

Lithocolletis tristrigella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 422.
A 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 745.

The larva of this insect feeds in the leaves of elm. It is said
by Meyrick to be a rather local species, but I believe it to be
generally distributed in these counties. The ‘‘ Manual” gives
it as abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington.
Mr. Hodgkinson found it freely in the west of Northumberland.
It also occurs in Hezleden Dene, where Mr. Gardner has taken
it. The absence of records in Mr. Sang’s diary is an evidence
of its common occurrence.

340. L. trifasciella, Haw.

Lithocolletis trifasciella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 422.
% % Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 745.

Generally a common species, the larva feeding in leaves of
honeysuckle. It is recorded in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as occurring at
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and Mr. Hodgkinson has taken it in the
west of Northumberland. I have no records for Durham, but
it is certain to be found, probably in most places where honey-
suckle grows freely.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 225

341. L. comparella, Zell.

Lithocolletis comparella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 423.
» 99 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 746.

This is considered exclusively a southern species, and Meyrick
gives it as occurring only in Kent, Surrey, Berks, and Hereford.
Mr. Sang, however, enters it as having been met with at
Aycliffe Station and Quarry on September 20th, 1879. I have
no comment to make beyond recording the note.*

342. L. concomitella, Bankes.

Introduced as a new species by Mr. KH. R. Bankes after the
publication of the ‘‘ Manual’; see Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, x.,
pp. 241-255 and 284-288 (1899). The only record that I have
is that Mr. Gardner bred a long series in 1892, from mines got
at Greatham the previous autumn in crab apple leaves, and
which Mr. Bankes identified as this species.

LYONETID 2.
LYONETIA, Hub.
343. Lyonetia clerckella, Linn.

Lyonetia clerckella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 424.
,», clerkella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 757.

Generally a common species, and apparently well distributed
over both counties. In Northumberland, Mr. Finlay bred it
freely from leaves of cherry and apple collected in Meldon Park,
and Mr. Hodgkinson took it in the west of that county. In
Durham, the ‘ Manual”’ marks it as being abundant at Dar-
lington. Mr. Sang took it in Castle Eden Dene and at Black
Hall Rocks; he also met with it in Dinsdale Wood, near
Darlington, and Mr. Gardner has taken it at Greatham.

* Upon reference to Mr. Sang’s diary I find that the entry of com-
parella is really for Abbots Wood, South Kent, Mr. Robson having
included it in the line upon which the Aycliffe records are entered instead
of upon the line below referring to Abbots Wood—the entry of comparella
being between the lines, but with a A from the lower line. We
cannot therefore claim the species as a resident of these counties.—J. G.

226 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

CEMIOSTOMA, Zell.
344, Cemiostoma spartifoliella, Hub.

Cemiostoma spartifoliella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 425.
Leucoptera ef Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 755.
Common and generally distributed. It probably occurs in
both counties where there is plenty of broom. The ‘‘ Manual”
gives it as abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darling-
ton. Mr. Hodgkinson has taken it in West Northumberland, and
Mr. Sang records it for Darlington in his diary on July 27th,
1874. Ihave no other records. Broom is not common near
the coast, and does not occur at all near Hartlepool, nor yet in

Upper Teesdale or Weardale.

345. C,. laburnella, Stain.
Cemiostoma laburnella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 425.
Leucoptera ‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 755.
The only record of this species in these counties that I have
seen is that of Mr. Gardner, who took it at Barnard Castle.
Meyrick limits its range to Yorkshire, the boundary of which
county is the river ees, which flows past Barnard Castle. The
insect, however, is likely enough to occur elsewhere.*

346. C. wailesella, Stain.

Cemiostoma wailesella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 426.

Leucoptera o Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 755.

A very local species, the larva feeding in Genista tinctoria.

It is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring regularly at New-
castle-on-Tyne, and Mr. Hodgkinson found it in the west of
Northumberland. Mr. Sang found larve at Elders, near Dar-
lington, in 1873, and again in 1880, by the footpath through
the fields to Hurworth. I have no other records.

847. (C. scitella, Zell.
Cemiostoma scitella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 426.
Leucoptera by Meyr,. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 756.

* T now find that this species is common in my own garden at Hart,
and also in every garden in the district where laburnum grows—probably
the lack of records is owing to its being too common to mention.—J. G.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 227

Said to be local in England, but apparently well distributed
in these counties. Mr. Hodgkinson got it in West Northum-
berland, and it is given in the ‘“‘ Manual” as being abundant
about Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr. Sang also took
it at Barnard Castle, and Mr. Gardner bred it from hawthorn
at Greatham.

OPOSTEGA, Zell.
348. Opostega salaciella, Tr.

Opostega salaciella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 426.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 729.

Meyrick says this species extends to Westmorland, but gives
no range on the eastern side of the island. The only record I
have of its appearance here is that Mr. Hodgkinson took it in
West Northumberland, a region beyond Meyrick’s habitat, but
quite in accordance with it.

2? ”?

349. O. crepusculella, Zell.

Opostega crepusculella, Staint. Man., vol u., p. 427.
3 i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 729.
This insect does not appear to extend further north than
Durham ; indeed, I might say, than the south of Durham. The
‘‘Manual”’ gives it as occurring at Darlington, where Mr. Sang
took it, and also in Castle Eden Dene. Mr. Gardner has also
taken it in Hezleden Dene. The larva does not appear to be

known, but the insect occurs among Mentha palustris.

BUCCULATRIX, Zeil.
600. Bucculatrix aurimaculella, Stain.

Bucculatrix aurimaculella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 427.
3 nigricomella. Meyr Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 730.

Rather a common species, but not much recorded here.
The only notice of it in Northumberland is that of Mr. Hodgkin-
son in the west of the county. It is given as occurring at
Darlington in the ‘‘ Manual,” and Mr. Sang found it there
on the railway side, as well as in Dinsdale Wood and other
places near that town. Mr. Gardner has also found it in
Crimdon Cut, near Hartlepool.

228 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

361. B. cidarella, Zell.

Bucculatrix cidarella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 427.
» 9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 732.

Generally rather common amongst alder, but here only found,
by Mr. Sang, at Hell Kettles, near Darlington. He found the
larvee on September 7th, 1870, and again on the same day in
1880. I have seen no other record.

352. 3B. crateegi, Zell.

Bucculatrix crategi. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 428.
” » Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 732.

Of this insect, Meyrick says, ‘‘ England to Durham, rather
local.’’ It would almost appear that the species barely reaches
Durham county. The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring at Dar-
lington regularly, but the only place mentioned in Sang’s diary
is Dinsdale Wood, which is close to the river Tees at Middleton-
one- Row.

358. B. maritima, Stain.

Bucculatriz maritima. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 428.

” 2 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 781.

This insect is given in the ‘‘ Manual’”’ as occurring at New-
castle-on-Tyne, but that is clearly an error,* for the larva feeds
on Aster tripolium, a salt marsh plant, while Newcastle is some
miles from the sea. The insect is very common at Greatham
saltmarsh, where the food plant abounds. Mr. Sang took the
species there more than once, and Mr. Gardner also found it
very abundant.

* T certainly do not think that Stainton can, with fairness, be accused
of ‘‘error” for giving Neweastle-on-Tyne as a locality for this species
in the ‘‘Manual” (/.c.), and in Nat. Hist. Tin., vii., 94 (1862), where
he again includes it. He was perfectly well aware both of the require-
ments of the insect, and also of the precise position of Newcastle-on-Tyne,
but, as Mr. Robson himself has repeatedly pointed out in this Catalogue,
the term ‘‘ Newcastle-on-Tyne,” as used in the ‘‘ Manual,” denotes the
whole of a wide district surrounding that town, and extending eastwards
to the coast.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 229

354. B,.cristatella, Zell.

Bucculatrix cristatelia. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 429.
” 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 780.

A local species, though the larva feeds on yarrow, a plant
occurring everywhere. The insect appears to have rather a
western distribution, for Meyrick says, ‘‘ England to Westmor-
land,” ignoring the east side. It has, however, been taken
abundantly at Scarborough (‘‘ Manual,” /.c.). Here it has only
been taken by Mr. Gardner, who found it very abundant at
Greatham on the railway embankment.

NEPTICULIDZ.
NEPTICULA, Zell.

355. Nepticula atricapitella, Haw.
Nepticula atricapitella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 431.
5 9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 714
(partim ).

For the Nepticule I have very few records. Mr. Sang
collected them assiduously. Mr. Finlay and Mr. Hodgkinson
give very few Northumberland records. This list must be
taken but as a beginning, and others must add to it in the
future.

This species is pretty generally distributed among oaks, in
the leaves of which it makes an irregular, slender gallery. Mr.
Finlay found it in the oak leaves around Morpeth, and Mr.
Hodgkinson reported it from West Northumberland. The
“‘ Manual” gives it as occurring regularly at Darlington.

306. WN. ruficapitella, Haw.

Nepticula ruficapitella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 481.
. atricapitella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 714

(partim ).

Generally common among oaks. It is only distinguishable

from the preceding species by the colour of the head, which is

red, as the names implies, instead of black. The ‘‘ Manual”

gives this insect as occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and

regularly at Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson took it in West
Northumberland, but I have no other record.

230 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

357. N. pygmeella, Haw.

Nepticula pygmeella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 431.
- x Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 714.

The larva of this insect feeds in leaves of hawthorn. It is
said to be rather local. It is given in the ‘‘Manual” as
occurring regularly both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Darlington.
Mr. Hodgkinson met with it in the west of Northumberland.
Mr. Sang got it on the railway side and in Grange Road and
Coniscliffe, near Darlington, and also in Castle Eden Dene. I
think it will be found in most parts of both counties.

358. WN. pomella, Vaughan.

Nepticula pomella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 431.
H % Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 714.

Pomella is limited by Meyrick in its northward range to the
county of York, but Mr. Hodgkinson has met with it in
the West of Northumberland. Mr. Sang also found it in
Grange Road and in Coniscliffe Lane, near Darlington. These
latter places are not many miles from the Yorkshire boundary,
but when the Nepticule are more collected I quite expect this
species will be found widely spread.

359. WN. oxyacanthella, Stain.

Nepticula oxyacanthella. Staint. Man., vol. 1., p. 481.
s ms Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 716.

This insect is given in the ‘‘ Manual’”’ as occurring regularly at
Darlington, but Mr. Sang never recorded it in his diary. Meyrick
also says, ‘‘ England to Durham,” but that would probably be
taken from Stainton, as he had no original lists of species. It
is likely enough to occur, being abundant at Scarborough, but it
would be desirable that future Nepticule collectors should turn
it up. The larva makes a long gallery in hawthorn* leaves.

- * Other trees from which this species has been bred in Britain are
Cotoneaster affinis, Pyrus aucuparia, P. communis, and P. malus, as
recorded in Tutt’s Brit. Lep., i., 203.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 231

360. WN. viscerella, Stain.

Nepticula viscerella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 431.
ays A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 715,

This insect is in the same position as the last, viz., recorded
in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring at Darlington, but not given in
Sang’s diary or other list to which I have access.

361. NW. aucuparie, Frey.
Nepticula aucuparie. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 715.

I find no notice of this species in the ‘‘ Manual”’ or in the
‘¢ Entomologist’s Annual,” except that it-is mentioned in the
volume for 1870 of the latter work in some remarks on
NV. minusculella as somewhat resembling that insect, but having
a yellow instead of a black head. It was found by Mr. Sang at
Barnard Castle as long ago as 1856, and at other dates down to
1878. He also found it at Stanhope* in 1873. Mr. Hodgkinson
also got it in West Northumberland. I have no further know-
ledge of its occurrence, but from these places would judge it
to occur in the west only. Lancashire and Sutherland are
given by Meyrick as the only places where it can be found in
Britain.

362. WN, anomalella, Goze.

Nepticula anomalella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 482.
” 7 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 715.

This is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as occurring regularly both
at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson has
met with itin West Northumberland, and Mr, Finlay bred it
from rose leaves at Meldon Park. JI have no record of it in

* Another Durham locality, viz., High Force, is recorded for this
species, on the authority of Mr. B. A. Bower, in Mr. Tutt’s Brit. Lep.,
i., 197 (1899). —E. R. B.

232 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

Durham beyond that of the ‘‘ Manual.” It is not entered in
Sang’s diary.*

363. WN. cryptella, Stain.

Nepticula cryptella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 482 (partim ).
53 ar Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 726.

Cryptella is marked by Mr. Hodgkinson as havingt been
met with by him in West Northumberland. The larva blotches
the leaves of Lotus corniculatus, and though the species is said
to be ‘‘local,’’ I think it will be found in many other parts of
these counties.

364. WN. eurema, Durrant.

Nepticula eurema, Drnt., in Tutt’s N. H. Brit. Lep., i., 382
(1899). This species, whose very existence was unknown to

* Sang’s reason for not mentioning it was, without doubt, that he
considered it too common. I know that he bred it plentifully, and notice
in a series of his supposed ‘‘ anomalella”’ before me, all unfortunately
without data, some examples of the closely-allied NV. fletcheri, which, after
having been ‘confused with anomalella for many years, was at last
separated therefrom, and described as n. sp. in Tutt’s Nat. Hist. Brit.
Lep., i, 211 (1899). It is quite likely, therefore, that Sang’s fleécheri
were collected in Durham, but proof is wanting, so we cannot include
this species. Some of the records given above may, of course, really
refer to fletchert rather than to anomalella, but only an examination of
all the individuals that were captured and bred could settle this point.—
E. R. B.

+ Without seeing Mr. Hodgkinson’s Northumberland specimens, it is
quite impossible to tell whether they were referable to the cryptedla,
Stn., or to the closely-allied ewrema, Drnt., which was for many years
confused with cryptella, and was only separated therefrom in 1899. Mr.
Robson, unaware of this separation, and copying Mr. Sang’s diary, stated
above that Sang found crypted/a in Castle Eden Dene and at Darlington,
but I have reason for transferring these entries to my notice of ewrema
(q.v.). We have therefore no proof that the true cryptella, described by
Stainton in Ent. Ann., 1856, p. 41 (V.B. The ‘‘ Manual”’ description is
made from both species), occurs in these counties, but Sang perhaps took it
in Durham. I possess a lengthy series, bred, and perhaps partly taken, by
him, of his supposed cryptella, unfortunately without data, and although
the majority are ewrema, there are some cryptella mixed with them.—
KE. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 233

Mr. Robson, is entered here for the following reason. In his
Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep., i., 333, Mr. Tutt records it as found by
Mr. Sang both at Castle Eden and Darlington, and it is there
stated, on Mr. Gardner’s authority, that Sang collected larve
of ewrema on Lotus on July 11th, 1858, at Castle Eden, and
on June 28th, 1862, June 14th, 1872, and September 7th, 1873,
at Darlington. The evidence that Sang’s entries in his diary
relating to ‘‘cryptella”’ really refer to ewrema is not before me,
but it was evidently convincing, and, on the strength of Mr.
Tutt’s decision, I have removed them from the preceding notice
where they had been mserted by Mr. Robson, who mentioned
that Sang’s Darlington localities for ‘‘eryptella,” 7.e., for
eurema, were the railway banks around the town. No other
records of the occurrence of ewrema in these counties are known
to me.—E. R. Bankes.

365. WN. ulmivora, Fologne.

Nepticula ulmwvora. Sta. Ent. Wk. Int., ix., p. 18.
= oF Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 718.

This species was first recorded as British in the Entomologist’s
Weekly Intelligencer, vol. ix., p. 13 (1860), and the earliest
known British capture was published on p. 187 of the same
volume. It is a double-brooded species, and Mr. Sang found a
few larvee on July 13th, 1878, near Darlington. In September
of the same year, and of 1874, he found them again more freely.
I have no other record of its occurrence here.

366. N.septembrella, Stain. .

Nepticula septembrella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 482.
” 35 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 724.

Mr. Hodgkinson found this in West Northumberland, which
is an extension of the range given in Meyrick’s Handbook,
which limits it to Durham. It is given in the ‘‘Manual” as
being abundant at Darlington, but there is no Darlington record
in Sang’s diary. He found it, however, in Castle Eden Dene.

234 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

367. WN. Subbimaculella, Haw.

Nepticula subbimaculella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 433.
» 99 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 725.

A common species among oaks, given in the ‘‘ Manual” as
occurring regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and abundantly at
Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson got it in the west of Northum-
berland, and Mr. Sang found it very plentifully near Darlington.
Probably occurring everywhere among oaks.

The next two species, as entered in Mr. Robson’s MS., are
(1) N. argyropeza, Zell., with one Durham locality, and (2)
NN. apicella, Stn., with a single Northumbrian habitat. In
spite, however, of the frequent errors made in the applications
of these names, apzcel/a, Stn., is in reality identical with the
true argyropeza, Zell., and the former name must sink as a
synonym of the latter. The very rare closely-allied species,
wrongly called ‘‘argyropeza”’ by Stainton, and now known as
subapicella, Stn., of which the life-history is unknown, has
never been met with in these counties. In place, therefore, of
Mr. Robson’s separate notices and comments on the distribution,
ete., of the supposed two species, I must offer the following
synonymy and notice:

368. N, argyropeza, Zell.
Nepticula apicella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 483.

oF argyropexd. si » (partim).
,, apicella, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 726.

This local species, of which the larva feeds in the leaves of
aspen, was found commonly on Needless Hall moors in North-
umberland by Mr. Finlay, and was met with by Mr. Sang in
several places round Darlington, e.g., Grange Road, Elders, ete.
There appear to be no other ascertained localities in these
counties.—E. R. Bankes,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 235

369. WN. trimaculella, Haw.

Nepticula trimaculella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 433.
és 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 725.

This is limited in its northerly range to Durham by Meyrick,
but Mr. Hodgkinson got it in the west of Northumberland.
The ‘‘Manual”’ gives Darlington as a place where it occurs
regularly, and Mr, Sang found it freely all around that town,
Grange Road, Whessoe Lane, Neasham Lane, etc., being all in
his diary as places where he took it.

370. WN. Salicis, Stain.
Nepticula salicis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 434.
ie Me Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 723.

Generally a common species, but scarcely recorded here.
Mr. Hodgkinson got it in West Northumberland. The
‘*Manual’”? marks it as being abundant at Darlington.
Probably it was too plentiful for Mr. Sang to consider it worth
an entry in his diary. I have no more records.

371. WN. myrtillella, Stain.
Nepticula myrtillella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 434.
- . Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 723.

Locally common on some northern moors, but only noticed
twice here, once in each county. Mr. Hodgkinson found it in
West Northumberland, and Mr. Sang got it at Barnard Castle,
where he notes that it was scarce. Both these habitats are on
the westward side of our district.*

372. WN. floslactella, Haw.
Nepticula floslactella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 434.
a % Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 728.
Rather a common species. It is given in the ‘‘ Manual”’ as

* Mr. B. A. Bower has also met with it in West Durham, for from
larve collected plentifully by him in Teesdale in 1891, I bred a long and
beautiful series in the following year.—E, R. B.

236 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

occurring at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and being abundant at Dar-
lington. Mr. Hodgkinson found it in West Northumberland.
Mr. Sang got it at Barnard Castle, and at Baydales, near
Darlington. It feeds in hazel and hornbeam, but the latter
tree is a rarity with us.

373. WN. luteella, Stain.

Nepticula luteella. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 434.
t My Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 721.

This is given by Meyrick as only reaching Durham, but
that is an error, as Mr. Hodgkinson found it in the west of
Northumberland. The ‘‘Manual” gives it as occurring
regularly at Darlington. ‘Mr. Sang took it there, and also at
Wolsingham and Barnard Castle. These records show rather a
western tendency, but it may yet be turned up on the coast.
The larva lives in birch leaves, and is generally common where
birch occurs.

374. WN. ignobilella, Stain.

Nepticula ignobilella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 434.*
*. i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 720.

Rather a local species, and only recorded from West North-
umberland by Mr. Hodgkinson, and from Darlington by Mr.
Sang, who found it both in Grange Road and Coniscliffe Lane.

375. MN. arcuatella, H.-S.

Nepticula arcuata. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 484.
» arcuatella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 723.

A local species, found by Mr. Hodgkinson in West North-
umberland, and by Mr. Sang in Whessoe Lane, Darlington. It
is tolerably certain to occur elsewhere.

. * Stainton was in error in saying in the ‘‘ Manual” (/.c.)—‘ Head
reddish ”’ (2.e. in both sexes), for whereas the head of the male is red, that
of the female, as pointed out in Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, v., 47 (1894), is,
in reality, black.— E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 237

376. N. angulifasciella, Stain.

Nepticula angulifasciella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 435.
‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 722.

This species is given by Meyrick as only reaching
Durham, but he is wrong, as it was met with by Mr. Hodgin-
son in West Northumberland. The ‘‘ Manual” marks it as
being abundant at Darlington, and Mr. Sang got it in Grange
Road there. The larva feeds in rose leaves, and the insect is
tolerably certain to occur elsewhere.

377. WN. atricollis, Stain.
Nepticula atricollis. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 435.
p - Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 722.

Meyrick is still further wrong in the range of this species,
which he limits northwards to Lancashire and York. Mr.
Hodgkinson found it in West Northumberland. Mr. Sang got
it in both Coniscliffe Lane and Grange Road, Darlington. The
_larva feeds in leaves both of apple and hawthorn, and the
insect is double-brooded.

378. WN. microtheriella, Stain.
Nepticula microtheriella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 485.
Ke ‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 720.

Generally a plentiful species, and given in the ‘‘ Manual ”’ as
being abundant both at Newcastle-on-Tyne and at Darlington.
I have no other record, except that Sang got it at Barnard
Castle, as well as near Darlington.

379. WN. argentipedella, Zell.
Nepticula argentipedella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 435.
a ys Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 721
(partim ).
Probably common throughout both counties. Mr. Hodgkin-
son found it in West Northumberland, and Mr. Finlay in the
Morpeth district, where he marks it as ‘‘not uncommon
amongst birch.” In Durham, Mr. Sang got it at Wolsingham,
at High Force, Upper Teesdale, at Barnard Castle, and around
Darlington.

238 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

380. WN. betulicola, Stain.

Nepticula betulicola. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 436.
” 95 Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 720.

A tolerably common species, and probably occurring in most
places in both counties. Mr. Hodgkinson records it from the
west of Northumberland, and Mr. Finlay from the Morpeth
district; the latter found it particularly common in the Old
Park, Netherwitton. In Durham Mr. Sang has taken it in
several places in the west of the county, at Wolsingham, High
Force, Egglestone, Barnard Castle, etc. The larva of this
species also mines in birch leaves.

381. MN. plagicolella, Stain..

Nepticula plagicolella. Staint. Man., vol. 11., p. 436.
x a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 720.

Meyrick limits the northerly range of this species to Durham
county, but Mr. Hodgkinson has met with it in West North-
umberland. The ‘‘Manual’’ marks it as occurring regularly
at Darlington, and Mr. Sang has taken it both in Grange Road
and Coniscliffe Lane.

382. WN. malella, Stain.

Nepticula malella. Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 436.
96 95 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 722.

Another species limited in its range northwards to Durham
by Mr. Meyrick, but taken in West Northumberland by Mr.
Hodgkinson. It is given in the ‘“‘ Manual” as being abundant
at Darlington, and Mr. Sang took it in Grange Road and other
places near that town. The larva feeds in the leaves of apple,
and probably occurs in many other places.

383. WN. tityrella, Stain.

Nepticula tityrella, Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 436.
a 3 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 721.
5 fulgens. oe 3 p. 723.

CATALOGUH OF MOTHS. 239

Tityrella* is given in the ‘ Manual” as being abundant at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson found it
in West Northumberland, and Mr. Finlay said it was generally
distributed among beech, but uncommon. Around Darlington
Mr. Sang got it in Coniscliffe Lane and Baydales. I have no
doubt it is common in most places among beech, but I have no
further records.

384. WNW. glutinose, Stain.

Nepticula glutinose. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 486.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 721.

9 9

Another species limited northwards to Durham by Meyrick,
which Mr. Hodgkinson has found in West Northumberland.
The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring at Darlington. Mr. Sang
has taken it at Stanhope, well into West Durham. He gives no
Darlington habitat, and the insect may occur only in the west.
The larva feeds in alder leaves.

* This species should be called by its older name basalella, H.-S.,
but of course we respect our author’s rule to adhere to the names used in
the ‘* Manual.”

Great confusion prevailed until recently about our two closely-allied
beech-eating Nepticule. These should be known [See Tutt’s N. H. Brit.
Lep., i., 297-302 (1899) ] as (1) turicel/a, H.-S., which has the pale fascia
non-metallic, and (2) basalella, H.-S., in which the pale fascia is strongly
metallic. The latter is the true éc¢yred/a, Stn., as described by Stainton in
the ‘‘ Manual ” and elsewhere, but in 1888, failing to recognise it as such,
he unfortunately redescribed it as ‘‘ falgens, n. sp.”, under which name it
stood for some years in British collections, where also ¢wrice/la, H.-S., was
wrongly standing as ‘‘ te¢yrella.” As Ihave shown above in the synonymy,
tityrella, Stn., 2.e. basalella, H.-S., is entered as two distinct species in
Meyrick’s ‘‘ Handbook,” firstly under the name éztyrella, and secondly
under that of fulgens.

Presumably the Darlington and Neweastle-on-Tyne records in the
**Manual” belong to basalella, H.-S., but without seeing Hodgkinson’s
and Sang’s specimens I cannot tell whether their entries are really referable
to basalella or to turicella.—E. R. B.

240 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

385. N. gratiosella, Stain.

Nepticula gratiosella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 437*.
55 i Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 718.

Rather a common species, the larva feeding in leaves of haw-
thorn. Mr. Hodgkinson met with it in West Northumberland.
Mr. Sang got it in Coniscliffe Lane and Grange Road, Darling-
ton. It probably occurs in most places.

386. WN. lapponica, Wocke.
Nepticula lapponica, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 724.

I have not been able to discover when this species was intro-
duced to the British list, but it would be since the discontinuance
of the Entomologist’s Annual in 1874}. Meyrick gives its
range as ‘‘Sussex, Hereford, York to Westmorland.’”? The
last-named shows a westward tendency, and here it has been
met with only in Upper Teesdale, Mr. Sang having found it at
High Force aud at Eggleston, in the extreme south-west of
Durham, The larva feeds in birch leaves,

387. WN, regiella, H.-S.

Nepticula regiella, Staint. Man., vol. i, p. 437.
55 A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 716.

Mr. Meyrick is wrong also in the northerly range of this
insect, which he limits to Lancashire and York. Mr. Hodgkin-
son met with it in West Northumberland, and Mr. Sang around
Darlington, in Grange Road, Coniscliffe Lane, ete. The larva
feeds in hawthorn leaves.

* Tt seems advisable to mention that whereas, in the “ Manual,” the
imago 1s given as appearing in May, and the larva as being “yellowish ”
and feeding in September, the real facts are that the former emerges in
June, and that the latter is bright green and is to be found in July and
August, but becomes full-fed before September. [See Ent. Mo. Mag.,
ser. 2, v., 47 (1894) ].—E. R. B.

¢ NV. lapponica was added to the British list in Ent. Mo. Mag., xv.,
239 (1879), but the yellow larva feeds in June, and not in October as
there stated.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHs. 241

388. WN. eeneofasciella, H.-S.

Nepticula eneofasciata. Staint. Ent. Ann., 68, p. 48.
‘s eneofascrella. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 717.
The northerly range of this insect is erroneously limited to
Lancashire by Meyrick. Mr. Sang took it at Castle Eden in
1878, in Dinsdale Wood, near Darlington, in 1868, and at
Elders, also near Darlington, in 1871. TI have no other records,
but it is sure to occur elsewhere.

389. WN. alnetella, Stain.

Nepticula alnetella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 437.
He a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 719.

Mr. Meyrick limits the northerly range of alnetella to
Durham, but Mr. Hodgkinson met with it in the west of North-
umberland. The ‘‘ Manual” gives Darlington as a place where
the species occurs, but I think it occurs considerably further
westward. Mr. Sang met with it at Barnard Castle in 1856
and 1871. In the latter year it was very common. He also
found it at Stanhope in 1873 and 1874.

390. WN. marginicolella, Stain.

Nepticula marginicolella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 437.
5 4 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 719.
Generally a common species, and reaching West Northumber-
land, where Mr. Hodgkinson got it. The ‘‘ Manual’ marks it
as occurring at Darlington, and Mr. Sang took it there, both at
Elders and in Coniscliffe Lane. I have no other records.

391. WN. aurella, Fab.

Nepticula aurella, Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 438.
i , Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 717.

The ‘‘ Manual” gives this as being abundant both at New-
castle-on-Tyne and at Darlington. Mr. Hodgkinson has found
it in West Northumberland, and Mr. Finlay got it in Coal Law
Wood, near Morpeth. I have found no Durham records except

242 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

the ‘‘ Darlington” of the ‘‘ Manual,” but it is very common
almost everywhere, the larva feeding in bramble.

392. WN. sorbi, Stain.

Nepticula sorbt. Ent. Ann., 1861, p. 91.
59 9 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 721.

This species appears only in the north and west, so far as I
know. Meyrick says it occurs from ‘‘ Lancashire to Stirling.”
The only record of it in these counties is that of Mr. Hodgkin-
son, who got it in West Northumberland.*

393. WN. splendidissimella, H.-S.

Nepticula splendidissimella. Meyr. Habk. Brit. Lep., p. 717.
I have not found any record of the first introduction of this
species to the British fauna. The earliest notice of it which
I have seen is that Mr. Sang bred it at Darlington (see Ent.
Mo. Mag., iv., 153). The note is dated November 5th, 1867.}
He met with it again on the Tees-side at Blackwell, on October
13th, 1878. Mr. Hodgkinson also marks it as occurring in
West Northumberland. The larva feeds in bramble and rasp-
berry leaves.

TRIFURCULA, Zell.

394. Trifurcula immundella, Zell.

Trifurcula immundella, Staint. Man., vol. ii, p. 488.
y nF Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 727.

This insect also extends further than Meyrick records. He
gives Durham as its northern limit, but Mr. Hodgkinson took
it in West Northumberland. In Durham the ‘‘ Manual” gives

* In Tutt’s Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep., i., 289 (1899), N. sorbi was recorded
as found by Sang in the county of Durham, as well as at Richmond in
Yorkshire.

+ I believe that this note of Sang’s contains the earliest record of the
occurrence of WN. splendidissimella in Britain, though it is stated in Tutt’s
Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep., i., 245 (1899), that Stainton’s collection includes
specimens taken at West Wickham in 1857, and others bred by Healy in
1861.—E. R. B.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 243

it as being abundant at Darlington. Mr. Sang found it on the
railway bank at Houghton Lane, at Darlington itself, and on
Coniscliffe Moor. It probably occurs wherever the food plant,
the common broom, grows.

395. T. pulverosella, Stain.

Trifurcula pulverosella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 488.
Nepticula » Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 726.

York is given by Meyrick as the northern limit of this
species, but it extends over Durham to West Northumberland,
where Mr. Hodgkinson found it. Mr. Sang also got it around
Darlington, in Grange Road and Coniscliffe Lane. The larva
feeds in leaves of apple, and is sure to be found elsewhere
where there is plenty of crab apple.

244 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

We have now arrived at the concluding group of the
Lepidoptera—that of the ‘‘ Plume Moths,”’ a most interesting
group, many of them common in their respective localities, and
all of them beautiful. At the time of Mr. Robson’s death
(February 28th, 1907) neither manuscript nor records for them
were forthcoming. Several of his correspondents who had con-
tributed lists to him of their captures have also passed away,
and I am therefore now only able to give the ‘‘ Manual”’
records, those from the diary of my old friend the late Mr.
Sang, a few which I have recently obtained, and my own.

J. GARDNER.
Hart, January 31st, 1912.

PTEROPHORINA.
ADACTYLA, Stain.
396. Adactyla bennetii, Curt.
Adactyla bennetw. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 440.
Agdistis Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 441.

This species occurs regularly on the Greatham marshes, but
is rarely seen in the imago state in the daytime; larve, how-
ever, may be readily found in the early spring upon the food
plant (Statice limonium), the small holes which they gnaw
through the leaves drawing attention at once to the plants upon
which they are feeding.

This species is not difficult to rear upon potted plants of
limonium, but it is quite likely that Tortrix costana and
possibly a Gelechia or two will emerge as well, the larve of
which may have been concealed in the withered leaves of the
plant.

PTEROPHORUS, Geoffr.
397. Pterophorus ochrodactylus, Hiib.
Platyptilia ochrodactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 435.

This species was not recognised as British at the time the

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 245

‘‘ Manual” was published, and there has been considerable
difference of opinion as to whether it and the following species
bertramz (ochrodactylus of the ‘‘ Manual’’) were really distinct ;
this, however, is now generally admitted. The matter was very
fully gone into by the late Mr. Tutt in his excellent ‘‘ Monograph
of the Pterophorina of Britain,”’ in which the life history of
each species is given and the differences between both larva
and imago stated in every detail, together with the opinions of
our leading entomologists upon the subject (see pp. 23-31 and
31-35.)

Mr. Sang took and bred this species from larve got at ‘‘ Nags
Head,” near Darlington, and for many years I have found the
larve in abundance on the banks of the Wear at Chester-le-
Street, where tansy is very common. Mr. J. W. H. Harrison
(late of Birtley) writes me: ‘‘This is the commonest of our
plumes by far. The larve are to be had in multitudes on
tansy, third week in June, Birtley, Chester-le-Street, Lamesley,
etc.”

398. Pterophorus bertrami, Rossl.

Pterophorus ochrodactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 440.
Platyptilia bertrami. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 434.

This species, the ochrodactylus of the ‘‘ Manual,” is now
generally known under the name of bertramz. Mr. Tutt, in his
*“Monograph,”’ says ‘‘ bertramt was substituted owing to the
ochrodactylus of Hiibner being referred to the prior species.”’

The ‘‘ Manual” gives it as occurring regularly at Newcastle-
on-Tyne and commonly at Darlington, the latter being probably
Sang’s record in his diary for Low Coniscliffe, near Darlington,
July 1st and 20th, 1874. I have taken it freely flying about
yarrow on the railway side at Hartlepool near the ropery, and
sparingly in Hezleden Dene. ‘The larva feeds in shoots of
yarrow, but last summer (1911) I took three or four specimens
of the moth in my garden at Hart, the larve of which had
evidently fed on the garden variety of Achillea ptarmica,

246 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

399. Pterophorus trigonodactylus, Stain.

Pterophorus trigonodactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 441.

Platyptilia gonodactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 434.

This is one of our commonest plumes; it is recorded in the
‘Manual’ as occurring regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and
abundantly at Darlington. It is common everywhere in the
Hartlepool district wherever there is abundance of coltsfoot, and
has also been recorded from Stockton-on-Tees, Seaton Carew,
and Upper Teesdale. Mr. Harrison also records it as ‘‘ very
common everywhere at Birtley and neighbourhood, in two
broods.” No doubt it occurs commonly over the two counties
wherever the food plant is abundant.

400. Pterophorus acanthodactylus, Hub.

Pterophorus acanthodactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 441.

Platyptilia acanthodactyla, | Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p- 433.

The only records that I have for this species are that Mr.
Sang took it at Wolsingham, Sept. 28th, 1880, and of a single
specimen taken by myself at sugar in Hezleden Dene, October
22nd, 1898.

401. Pterophorus parvidactylus, Haw.
Pterophorus parvidactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 441.
Oxyptilus 5 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 432.
The late Mr. Sang recorded this species from Castle Eden
Dene, July 17th, 1862. I have taken it sparingly at Black
Halls, and commonly on a dry bank on the railway side close
to Hezleden Dene. Mr. Harrison in his Birtley list writes

‘¢ odd ones.”’

402. Pterophorus bipunctidactylus, Haw.
Pterphorus bipunctidactylus. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 442.

Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 441.

This species is given in the ‘‘ Manual ”’ as occurring regularly

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 247

at Newcastle-on-Tyne and commonly at Darlington. Mr. Sang
found it at High Force, Coniscliffe Moor, and Hell Kettles, the
last two localities being near Darlington. Mr. Harrison says,
*‘common on Waldridge Fell.” It is very common here on the
railway banks and at Black Halls. I have seen it in swarms
at the mouth of Hezleden Dene on the south bank, where
scabious is very common. No doubt it will be found to occur
in most places in the two counties wherever this plant is
abundant.

The plagiodactylus of Stainton’s ‘‘ Manual” is now con-
sidered to be only a variety of this species.

403. Pterophorus loewii, Zell.

Pterophorus loewit. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 442.
Stenoptilia zophodactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 440.

In the absence of any Northumberland record I appear to be
the only collector who has taken this species. My records are
one specimen near the ropery at Hartlepool, and three or four
on the borders of Hezleden Dene. It has probably been over-
looked owing to its resemblance to the previous species. Its
food plant, the common centaury, is abundant everywhere in
our district on the railway banks, dry fields and waste land,
from the Tees mouth to Castle Eden Dene, and there is little
doubt but that this species will be found to occur in many
places in the two counties when searched for at the proper
time.

404. Pterophorus fuscus, Retz.

Pterophorus fuscus. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 442.
Stenoptilia pterodactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 440.

A common species in the two counties wherever its food
plant (Veronica chamedrys) grows freely. The ‘‘ Manual”
gives it as occurring regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and
abundantly at Darlington. Mr. Sang does not mention it in
his diary, no doubt owing to its being too common to enter.

248 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

The late Mr. Robson recorded it for Killingworth and Harnham
in Northumberland. Mr. Harrison writes, “very common
everywhere—larvee equally abundant,’’ that is, in the Birtley
district ; it is equally common around Hartlepool wherever
speedwell grows.

405. Pterophorus lithodactylus, Tr.

Pterophorus lithodactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 443.
Alucita lithodactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 489.

This species is given in the ‘‘ Manual” as being common at
Darlington ; there is, however, no entry in Sang’s diary of its
occurrence there. I have taken it freely at Black Halls, and
seen traces of the larvee in Hezleden Dene.

406. Pterophorus pterodactylus, Hib.

Pterophorus pterodactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 448.
Alucita monodactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p.439.

A species of very general distribution and common in many
places. It is given in the “Manual” as occurring regularly at
Neweastle-on-Tyne and commonly at Darlington. The only
record in Sang’s diary is ‘‘ Castle Eden, Aug. 29th, 1858.” Mr.
Harrison records for Birtley ‘‘odd ones.”” I used to take a few
specimens every autumn at sugar on the borders of Hezleden
Dene, but it was never common; also occasional specimens on
the railway side.

407. Pterophorus microdactylus, Hib.

Pterophorus microdactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 448.
Marasmarcha microdactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 438.
- A common species in Hezleden Dene wherever its food plant
(Eupatorium cannabinum,) grows; also on the railway side
above Hart Station.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 249

408. Pterophorus tetradactylus, Linn.

Pterophorus tetradactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 444.
” 29 Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 436.

This species is given in the ‘‘ Manual ”’ as occurring regularly
at Newcastle-on-Tyne and commonly at Darlington. Mr. Sang,
however, has made no entry in his diary as to its occurrence.
It is common at Black Halls and near the mouth of Hezleden
Dene wherever its food plant, wild thyme, grows.

409. Pterophorus pentadactylus, Linn.

Pterophorus pentadactylus. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 444.
as Be Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 436.

This beautiful species is given in the ‘‘ Manual ”’ as occurring
regularly at Newcastle-on-Tyne and also at Darlington, but
like the last species, it is not recorded in Sang’s diary, no
doubt owing to its general occurrence. It is very abundant
with us around Hartlepool. I have seen it flitting about by the
score on the railway side near the ropery, and in fact all the
way up the railway side to and beyond and in Hezleden Dene,
wherever convolvulus grew. Mr. Harrison records for Birtley
‘Cone only at light in our own garden.”

ALUCITINA.
ALUCITA, Linn.
410. Alucita polydactyla, Hiib.

Alucita polydactyla. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 445.
Orneodes hexadactyla. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 442.

A common species generally wherever honeysuckle grows.
It is given in the ‘‘Manual” as occurring regularly at
Newcastle-on-Tyne and also at Darlington, but here again there
is no mention of the species in Sang’s diary. It is common in
and around Hezleden Dene, and I have frequently taken it in
my own garden at Middlethorpe close to the Dene. Mr. Corder
also records it as common in the Sunderland district.

250 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Additional species of Tineina to record since Mr. Robson’s

notes were written :—

15a. Tinea weaverella, Scott.

Tinea weaverella. Zoologist, 1858, pp. 5964-5965.
Monopis ,, Ent. Mo. Mag., Oct., 1910, pp. 221-228.

Mr. C. O. Trechmann took two fine specimens of this
interesting Tinea at rest on fir trees in Edderacres Wood in
June, 1910.

170a. Anarsia spartiella, Schrk.

Anarsia spartiella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 349.
Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 609.

9 9

I took a single specimen of this insect flying about whin

bushes at Black Halls at the end of July or early in August,
1909.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 951

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES.
By Joun Garpner, F.E.S.

ADDITIONAL SPECIES TO RECORD.

Vor. Xee
65a. Hadena glauca, Hiib.

Hadena glauca. Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 275.
Ey i Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. iv., p.,191.
Melanchra ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 82.

This beautiful species has by some means been unaccountably
omitted from the list, for I took it regularly for many years
previous to its publication, and would be certain to include it
in the records I gave to Mr. Robson.

It occurs freely at Egglestone in Teesdale at rest on stone
walls, rocks, trees and palings, etc., on the borders of the moors,
and also on the moors as well. Mr. Sang has entered it in the
index to his diary, but without reference to any record in the
diary itself; probably he had not troubled to enter any captures.
I expect this species will be found on the moors in both
counties if carefully searched for at the end of May and in
early June. The moth is, however, not readily seen on the
lichen-covered walls.

164a. Cloantha solidaginis, Hib.

Cloantha solidaginis, Staint. Man., vol. i., p. 281.
Lithonia Ee Barr. Lep. Brit. Is., vol. vi., p. 44.
Polia ns Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 51.

The late Alfred Pickard, of Wolsingham, has recorded in his
copy of the ‘“‘Manual” that he took this species at Shull,
August 22nd, 1897, on the trunks of Scotch fir. I also took a
worn specimen at sugar on the borders of Hezleden Dene at
Middlethorpe in 1905; probably this had come from the west of

J

252 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

the county in a coke truck. I have no doubt but that the
species will be found to occur generally in Teesdale and Wear-
dale ‘‘on the trunks of Scotch fir’’ in woods situated on the
high moorland.

lla. Selenia illustraria, Hiib.

Selenia illustraria. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 13.
ag mF Newm. Brit. Moths, p. 55.
,, tetralunaria. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 288.

In the December number of the Entomologist (1911), page
418, Mr. Harrison records that he beat a single larva of this
species from birch, which yielded a male specimen of the moth—
the first record for our counties.

Vou. XV.
MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
46a. Eudorea pallida, Steph.

Kudorea pallida. Staint. Man., vol. i1., p. 163.
Scoparia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 4238.

The late Mr. Sang has recorded in his diary that he took this
species at Coatham Bog on August 5th, 1858, August 10th,
1871, and August 2nd, 1881. Mr. Robson was evidently under
the impression that the locality was near Coatham in Cleveland
instead of near Aycliffe, and hence omitted the records.

128a. Semasia nanana, Tr.

Semasia nanana. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 242.
6 i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 198.
Enarmonia ,, Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 474.

Generally common among spruce fir, and only occurring
where that is grown. Mr. Finlay found it on Needless Hall
Moor, but it was always scarce there. Mr. Sang gives High
Force and Coniscliffe Moor and other places in the same

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 253

district, where he took it in June, July, August, and September
from 1869 to 1882. See also E. M. M., vi., 170.

Notr.—The above are Mr. Robson’s notes—I cannot understand why
he did not include them in the list.

150a. Grapholita hypericana, Hib.

Grapholita hypericana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 254.
Epinotia ‘ Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 517.

This has evidently been an accidental omission from the list ;
it is very common around Hartlepool, wherever Hypericum
grows, and will no doubt be found generally distributed
through both counties where this plant is abundant.

183a. Eupoecilia angustana, Tr.

Eupecilia angustana. Staint. Man., vol. u., p. 273.
i i Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 303.
Euxanthis A Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 357.

Probably generally common, but I have very few records.
Mr. Hodgkinson found it in West Northumberland, and Mr.
Finlay reported it as generally distributed and not uncommon
about Morpeth. It is also very common around Hartlepool.
I have no other records—possibly Mr. Sang considered it too
common to enter in his diary. The larve feed on the seed heads
of many different plants, and the insect appears to occur every-
where.

Norr.—Above are Mr. Robson’s notes—I am at a loss to know why
the species was not included in the list.

185a. Eupcecilia manniana, F. von R.

Phalonia manniana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 549.

This insect does not appear in Stainton’s or Wilkinson’s
books, being introduced after their publication. Mr. Sang met
with it on the railway banks (Stockton and Darlington) on
21st June, 1868. It is not recorded for Yorkshire, but

254 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Meyrick says it occurs in Westmoreland. He also considers it
synonymous with ldurzdana, Gregson. I have no other record.

Norr.—Above are Mr. Robson’s notes—I cannot understand his reason
for not including the species in the list.

280a. Elachista apicipunctella, Stain.

Elachista apicipunctella. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 405.
+ a Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 667.

This species appears to have been accidentally omitted by
Mr. Robson.

Mr. Sang has frequent entries in his diary of its occurrence
in lanes near Darlington—his first entry being June 10th, 1860,
and the last one March 2nd, 1878—the latter recording the
larva.

It also occurs regularly on the railway banks in Crimdon Cut
and close to the plantation near Hart Station.

SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE LIST WHICH REQUIRE TO
BE STRUCK OUT FOR REASONS STATED UNDER HACH.

Vor. XV.

MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.
Page 31.

Nephopteryx roborella.

The entry in Sang’s diary for August 13th, 1874, upon
which Mr. Robson depended for its inelusion, is ‘‘ Larvie
L. roborella,’ referring, of course, to Lrthocolletis roborella,
Doubleday’s list=roboris, Zell.

Page 32.
Pempelia dilutella.

The entry in Sang’s diary for June 27th, 1859, is for Headley
Lane, one of Stainton’s favourite collecting grounds in Surrey.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 255

Page 33.
Pempelia davisellus.

The entries in Sang’s diary under the name of genistecolella
at Waskerley on April 12th, 1874 (should be 1872), and at
Wolsingham, June 7th, 1878, and May 27th, 1884, all refer to
Coleophora geniste=genistecolella of Doubleday’s list, under
which species they are indexed in the diary.

Page 74.
Anchylopera comptana.

The records in Sang’s diary are June 26th, 1859, Headley
Lane, and August 2nd and 3rd, 1871, Folkestone.

Page 100.
Chrosis tesserana.

Sang’s record is again Headley Lane, June 26th, 1859.

Page 101.
Argyrolepia subbaumanniana.

The only records in Sang’s diary are June 26th, 1859,
Headley Lane, and June 1dth, 1872, Richmond. It is very
evident that Mr. Robson was under the mistaken impression
that Headley Lane was a locality in the Darlington district.

NOTES AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS.

Vor. XG.
Page 6.

Gonopteryx rhamni.

The statement on page 7 that rhamni ‘certainly does not
occur in Cleveland, ete., etc.,” is not borne out by facts, for
Mr. J. W. H. Harrison, late of Birtley, but now residing at
Middlesbrough, speaking of this species writes to me: ‘‘ It does
oceur in North Riding and within sight of Durham too, near
this place. We got it last August (1911), and buckthorn grows

where we got it.”

256 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Pages 28, 24, 25.
Argynnis aglaca.

6 euphrosyne.
i, selene.
Mr. Harrison states that all three species are very common
not far from Birtley.

Page 40.
Deilephila galir.

The statement in the last three lines of the notes upon this
species that ‘‘In the autumn of that year (1888) Mr. Gardner
found two larve on the sand hills to the north of Hartlepool,
but he failed to rear the perfect insect,” is incorrect. One larva
unfortunately escaped and was trodden upon—this larva the
late Mr. Dobrée, of Beverley, kindly preserved for me. The
other larva pupated, and the perfect insect duly emerged in
the following June; both it and the preserved larva are now in
my collection.

Page 47.
Sesia formiceformis.
With reference to this species Mr. Harrison writes me ‘‘ very
common in sallow shoots at Birtley.”

Page 75.
Orgyia antiqua.

Mr. Harrison records antigua as common in one limited
locality, Birtley.

Page 87.
Cerura furcula.
‘Another record for Northumberland is given by Mr. J. T.

Boocock, who took a specimen of the moth at Whittle Dene
near Prudhoe on July 3rd, 1912.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS, 257
Page 91.
Drymonia chaonva. e

My records for this species must have been mis-read. I have
taken three or four specimens of the moth both in Hezleden
Dene and also in Teesdale, and have reared a fine series from
ova deposited by females captured in both districts.

Page 105.
Agrotis suffusa.

I have taken suffusa regularly every season for many years.
It was comparatively common at sugar every autumn at
Middlethorpe on the borders of Hezleden Dene, and it now
occurs almost as commonly close to my present residence at
Hart.

Page 108.
Agrotis agathina.

The larva of agathina occurs not uncommonly both on the
Wolsingham and Egelestone moors.

Page 110.

Agrotis saucia.

This species I have taken frequently at sugar on the borders
of Hezleden Dene, and also close to my present residence at
Hart.

Page 118.
Triphena janthina.

Somewhat common on the borders of Hezleden Dene. I
have also bred large numbers from the egg. Mr. Harrison says
both this species and fimbria are common at Birtley, the latter
in the larval state.

Page 118.
Triphena interjecta.

Another locality is Birtley. Mr. Harrison writes ‘‘ my
mother got five from an are lamp in Birtley in 1907.’

258 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Page 115.
Noctua glareosa,

I have taken glareosa abundantly at sugar on the borders of
Hezleden Dene, including one specimen of the dark variety.
It also occurs not uncommonly at Hart.

Page 117.
Noctua triangulum.

The statement that ¢rrangulum ‘is not by any means a
common species in either county, though widely distributed,”
is far from being correct. It is by no means uncommon in the
county of Durham, the larva occurring freely in Hezleden
Dene, and the moth even more freely at sugar on the borders of
the Dene. Mr. Harrison writes, ‘‘ Except xanthographa and
typica this is by far the commonest noctuid larva in spring
throughout North Durham. I have several times had 200 in a
season.”

Page 120.
Noctua baja.

This is even commoner than friangulum both at Hezleden
Dene and close to my house at Hart. Mr. Harrison’s experience
at Birtley is somewhat similar.

Page 128.
Eurois herbida.

I took this species regularly every season at sugar when
living at Middlethorpe, though it was never very common.

Page 127.
Heliophobus cespitis.

I have taken two specimens of cespztis, one on palings near
the cemetery at Hartlepool and the other at sugar on the
borders of Hezleden Dene.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 259

Page 140.
Dryobota protea.

I have taken two or three specimens on trunks of oak in
Hezleden Dene, and have little doubt but that it will be found
in most woods in both counties if looked for in October.

Page 147.
Xylophasia hepatica.

Mr. Harrison reports this species as common at Birtley.

Page 152.
Euplexia lucipara.

My experience of this species is that it is common in the
woods near Hartlepool. I took it freely on the borders of
Hezleden Dene for many years, and it is not uncommon at
sugar close to my house at Hart.

Page 172.
Dyschorista upsilon.
Other records by Mr. Harrison are, ‘‘ Very common Chester-
le-Street, Winlaton—larvee in profusion.”

Page 173.
Calymnia diffinis.
I cannot understand how the mistake has occurred, but
afinis and not diffinis was the species I took, and which is now

in my collection—the latter therefore requires to be struck out
and affinis substituted.

Page 175.
Orthosia pistacina.

Mr. Harrison records this species as common at Birtley.

Page 182.
Calocampa vetusta.

Since Mr. Robson’s list was published I have taken probably

260 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

half-a-dozen specimens. Some on the borders of Hezleden
Dene, and about the same number near my own house at
Hart.

Page 184.
Plusia bractea.

Mr. Harrison writes of this species, ‘‘My uncle gets this not
uncommonly some years in his garden at Ninebanks, Northum-
berland.”’

Page 187.
Habrostola tripartita.

Mr. Harrison records this species as very common at Birtley.

Page 189.
Hehothis peltigera.
I took a worn specimen near Hartlepool in June, a few years

ago.

Page 195.
Brephos parthenias.

Another record for this species is given by Mr. Harrison,
‘‘ one locality near Birtley, very common.”

Page 202.
Selenia lunaria.

This occurs much more commonly than Mr. Robson’s notes
would imply. It was comparatively common in 1896 in the
upper part of Hezleden Dene, not very far from Middlethorpe,
and in that year I could take six or eight specimens in a
morning at rest on trees. I have also bred a few from pup
found spun up in withered leaves at the foot of cherry trees, to
which the larva must be partial as a food plant. Mr. Harrison
records it as occurring sparingly at Birtley.

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 261

Page 208.
Amphidasis betularia.

The black form of betularia appears to be increasing in the
county of Durham. Mr. Harrison records it for Birtley as
“common all black.”” I took a pair at rest on my cottage at
Middlethorpe in 1895 both black, from which I reared a large
number of moths, about two-thirds black, the remainder typical,
but with no intermediate forms.

Page 211.
Boarmia repandata.

Melanic specimens seem to be increasing also with repandata.
Mr. Harrison records it for Birtley, “ All black, no types.” I
take a few of the conversaria variety at sugar every season close
to my house at Hart.

Page 211.
Boarmia rhomboidaria.

Mr. Harrison also records this species from Birtley, “¢ All
dark, no types.”

Page 219.
Asthena luteata.
Another locality for /uteata is Birtley, where Mr. Harrison
states it is not uncommon. Candidata also occurs.
Page 221.
Eupisteria heparata.
Mr. Harrison also records this species as not uncommon at
Birtley as well as at Ebchester.
Page 221.
Venusia cambrica.

Another record for Northumberland is given by Mr. Harrison,
namely, Corbridge, where he finds it to be common, but quite
typical.

262 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Page 230.
Bradyepetes amatarva.

Mr. Harrison informs me that he has seen a specimen from
Whitley in Northumberland, which confirms its occurrence in
our counties.

Page 231.
Macaria liturata.

Mr. Harrison gives another record for Northumberland,
namely, Corbridge, where he states it is uncommon.

Hybernia aurantiaria.

Since Mr. Robson’s notes were published I have taken this
species, not uncommonly, on the hedges at Middlethorpe by
searching with a light at night. Mr. Harrison records it as
common but local about Birtley.

Page 243.
Anisopteryx escularia.

My notes on this species appear to have been omitted
altogether. When living at Middlethorpe I took the insect
regularly every spring at rest upon the fencing near my
cottage—six or seven every morning when it was out.

Page 247.

Oporabia autumnaria.

Another record is given by Mr. Harrison in the Entomologist
for 1911, page 412; he states, ‘‘I have discovered this species
in tolerable abundance in a mixed birch and alder wood at
Birtley ; the forms were quite typical.”

Page 247.
Oporabia filigrammaria.
Mr. Harrison also states in the same note that ‘‘ This too

occurs not uncommonly at Birtley. One locality is on heather,
but what it feeds on at the other, unless it is alder or hawthorn,

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 263
is a mystery to me.” He also states, ‘‘One female, O. christyz,
on a telegraph pole at Birtley.”

Page 250.
Larentia olivaria.

The statement that ‘‘ we never get it around Hartlepool” is
incorrect. I took a few specimens every season when living at
Middlethorpe, flitting about the hedges on the borders of
Hezleden Dene, and no doubt, had I specially desired, could
have taken more. I can see no reason why it should not occur
near the sea, as various species of galium (upon which the larva
feeds) are common enough everywhere in the district.

Page 254.
Emmelesia unifasciata.

Mr. Harrison gives two more localities for this species, one
for each county, viz., ‘‘ Birtley a few specimens, larve, 1911.”
‘* Have seen one from Killingworth.”

Page 262.
Eupithecia pygmeata.

Mr. T. A. Lofthouse informs me that he took two specimens
of pygmeata on Cowpen Marshes near Greatham about the
middle of June this year (1912).

Eupithecia imnotata.

Mr. Harrison writes of this species in the December number
of the Entomologist, p. 412, ‘‘ I obtained a few larvee last year
in Durham from scabious and rose, that I took to be EF.
Jraxinata. However, when the insects emerged this year they
proved to be # wmnotata. My friend Mr. Johnson, of Gates-
head, deserves the credit for detecting these larve on scabious,
for he took a fair number in 1909, from which no moths were
reared the following year. These food plants seem unusual,
but the larve from ova laid by bred females fed readily on a
potted plant of Artemisia absinthium which I had ready for

264 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

them. The females pair readily enough, but they have a
decided objection to depositing their ova. I secured about two
dozen, and have nine pup. A point worthy of note is that the
insect is double brooded in captivity, although perhaps the
present season has not been suitable for giving one a general
rule. I was unable to go for wild larve this year.”

Page 267.

Eugithecia fraxinata.

Mr. Harrison writes of this species, ‘‘ Common, Chester-le-
Street locality, many pupz Christmas week, 1911.”

4
Page 280.
Ypsipetes ruberaria.

Mr. Harrison records this species as common at Birtley.

Page 280.
Ypsipetes impluviata.
Mr. Harrison records ¢mpluviata as also very common at
Birtley.
Page 2838.
Melanthia albicillata.

Recorded by Mr. Harrison as not uncommon at Birtley.

Page 286.
Melanippe galata.

Mr. Harrison writes of this species, ‘“‘ I saw about eight very
curious looking specimens caught on Birtley Fell, and set on
common pins by a beginner this year (1911).”

Page 291.
Scotosia dubitata.

‘Mr. J. T. Boocock, of Heaton, gives another record for
Northumberland; he states, ‘‘I only took one specimen. It
came into the house here to light, May 19th, 1912. It is in
very good condition.”

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 265

Page 298.
Cidaria dotata.

Another locality is Birtley, where Mr. Harrison has taken a
single specimen.

Page 299.
Eubolia cervinata.

Recorded by Mr. Harrison as not uncommon at Birtley.
Cervinata still occurs in the Hartlepool district—larve feed
regularly every year upon the hollyhocks in my garden at Hart,
and also upon mallow growing in the hedge backs of fields near
Hezleden Dene.

Vou. XV.
Page 15.

Psammotis pulveralis, Hib.

With reference to Mr. Robson’s remarks upon the occurrence
of this species, Mr. Bankes makes the following note :—

“JT may mention that in Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, x., 289
(1899), I recorded the capture of a specimen in the Isle of
Purbeck, Dorset, by Master Rowley Helps in 1899; and in
Ent. Mo. Mag., ser. 2, xiii., 245 (1902), I recorded the capture
in the Isle of Purbeck of eight specimens by a friend and myself
in 1901, and of a solitary example by myself in 1902.”

Page 28.
Ephestia kuehniella.

This insect has appeared in considerable numbers in my
house at Hart. Spring cleaning disclosed a small bag of bread
meal in a closet, which had been overlooked, and which was
found to be swarming with larve. As the meal was obtained
from Hartlepool it is evident that kuehniella has got a footing
there. I had a somewhat similar experience several years ago
when I collected beetles. On this occasion a very small
quantity of meal, which had been left in a bag in a closet,
yielded a fine series of Gibbium scotias.

266 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Page 31.
Dioryctria splendidella.

Mr. Bankes writes re larva of splendidella, ‘‘ and also feeds in
cones of spruce fir.”’

Page 35.
Crambus uliginosellus.

Mr. Robson appears to have rejected Sang’s records for
Coatham Bog, no doubt concluding that if was near Coatham in
Cleveland, whereas it is near Aycliffe. Mr. Sang took uligino-
sellus regularly at this place, as the following records from his
diary show: June 28rd, 1874, July 7th and 21st, 1876, and
July 5th to 12th, 1877.

Pages 43-44.
Hypermecia angustana and cruciana.

As to the specific distinctness of angustana and cruciana,
Mr. Bankes makes the following notes, ‘‘ When the present
Lord Walsingham wrote his note in Ent. Mo. Mag,, v., 251-2,
(1869), he naturally adopted the general opinion held on the
Continent, and expressed in the first edition of Staudinger’s
Catalogue which he quotes, that the true angustana, Hiib.,
and cruciana, Linn., were distinct, but opinions have changed
since then, and the present belief both on the Continent, as
expressed in the latest (1901) edition of Staudinger’s Catalogue,
and in Britain, is that they are specifically identical. I have
studied the question and firmly believe them to be identical.
None of the differences pointed out by Barrett in E.M.M., ix.,
125-6, are at all reliable.”

Page 47.
Antithesia dimidiana.

The larva of dimidiana must feed upon other plants or shrubs
as well as on Myrica gale. I took three specimens of the moth
on the borders of Hezleden Dene in July, 1906, and one in my

CATALOQUE OF MOTHS. 267

garden at Hart in July, 1910. Myrica gale does not occur in
the county of Durham, so that Mr. Sang’s Wolsingham speci-
mens and also those which I have taken in this district,
evidently had another food plant.

Page 47.

Antithesia margiana,

fad

Mr. Bankes writes (line 5 from bottom) “For Stachys
betonica read Dipsacus sylvestris (wild Teasel). Stachys
betonica is ‘ Wood betony,’ and belongs to an entirely different
family from the Teasel.”’

Page 54,
Lozotenia roborana, Hiib. (= crategana, Hib.)

Mr. Bankes writes, ‘“‘I do not think that the statement
‘*¢ Rather a common species generally’ is at all borne out by
facts. In the course of over 25 years of assiduous collecting of
micros (chiefly in 8S. England) I have only met with it in one
very restricted spot (in Hants), though there it is common.
Generally, however, it is scarce even where it occurs, and
hardly any species that I have ever taken has been more badly
wanted by all my friends and correspondents who collect micros.
Stainton (Man.) says ‘“‘ Rather local,’’ and only gives three
localities. Wilkinson says ‘‘ Somewhat local, and occurs but
sparingly.” Weston in ‘‘Tortrices of Surrey, Kent, and
Sussex,” in Entom. xii., 217, says ‘‘ Widely distributed, but
scarce,” and gives four Kent, two Surrey, and two Sussex
localities ; it is probably more widely distributed in that part of
the country than in any other district. Meyrick says ‘‘ Local.”
I should call it, generally, ‘‘ Very local and usually scarce.”

Page 57.
Spilonota trimaculana.

My remark that ‘‘it sits on elm trunks”’ does not refer to this
species but to Hedya trimaculana.

268 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS.

Page 62.
Halonota trigeminana.

I took a few specimens of this insect at Egglestone in
Teesdale early in June, 1911, but it was decidedly scarce.

Page 65.
Halonota turbidana.

Since Mr. Robson’s notes were written I have taken
turbidana every season at Greatham in fair numbers, and last
year, 1911, Mr. Corder and I found the larva (which was
hitherto unknown) feeding on the roots of Petasites and bred
the moth (see Ent. Mo. Mag. for May, 1911, p. 111-112, and
Aweoust el Ops al92)):

Page 66.
Dichrorampha politana.

My records were for Serzcoris politana and not this species,
which I have never met with.

Pages 66 and 67.
Dichrorampha herbosana.

Mr. Bankes writes ‘‘I greatly regret that I cannot subscribe
to your concluding remark that tanaceti, Stu., is certainly not
identical with herbosana, Brt. Mr. Durrant, Lord Walsing-
ham’s curator, a very able micro-lepidopterist, worked out very
carefully, with the help of all Lord Walsingham’s and my own
material, the synonymy of the genus Dichrorampha and offered
his conclusions to Meyrick who accepted them; the only help
he accepted (he asked for none). I believe all Durrant’s con-
clusions and synonymy to be quite correct, and that herbosana
must sink as identical with ¢anacetz, Stn. Sang himself sent
me specimens as ‘‘ ¢anacett (herbosana).” 1n Ent. Mo. Mag.,
Xxl., p. 1, and xxii., p. 1, Barrett readily admits that
Warren’s conclusion (given in E.M.M., xxi, p. 190) that
herbosana, Brt., is identical with J¢anaceti, Stn., Wilk., is
correct.”

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 269
Page 70.
Hedya neglectana.

This species occurs in my garden at Hart every year—the
larva feeds upon Canadian balsam poplars, and the moth sits
upon the trunks of the trees generally, but occasionally on the
branches and leaves, flying about the trees on fine still nights.
I have also met with it at Greatham on aspen, and Mr. Corder
informs me that it is by no means uncommon among poplars at
Sunderland.

Page 72.
Anchylopera ramella=lactana.

Mr. C. O. Trechmann has turned up this species commonly
among aspens at Edderacres Wood near Castle Eden.

Page 83.
Pecilochroma bouchardana.

Another record is that Mr. T. A. Lofthouse took a specimen
at Rothbury, Northumberland, on June 27th, 1909.

Page 91.
Endopisa germarana, Hib.

Mr. Bankes writes, ‘‘for ‘“‘ #. germarana, Hib.” read “ Z.
roseticolana, Z.’’ While fully realising that you have made it
your rule to follow Stainton’s (7.e. Wilkinson’s) nomenclature,
and having no criticisms to make wherever the names he uses
are either those that should be employed or correct synonyms
of them, it is utterly opposed to all laws of zoological nomen-
clature to adopt a name which he erroneously uses, and attach
it to the name of the original nomenclator where the latter
employed it in a totally different sense. Your species ‘‘ 144”
is obviously the one that feeds in the hips of wild rose; it is
therefore not ‘‘ HL. germarana, Hb.” as entered—which is an
entirely different species—but is ‘‘ #. roseticolana, Z.,” by
which name it ought to be known. If you are anxious to
adhere to the name Stainton uses, the only permissible method
of doing so is to enter it as ‘‘144. EH. germarana, Stn. (nee,

270 CATALOGUE OF MOTHS,

Hib.),”’ which clearly explains the matter, and defies criticism,
though ‘‘ E. roseticolana, Z.’’ seems to be preferable, especially
since you give, immediately below, the Manual name.”

Page 95.
Ablabia pratana.

Mr. Bankes writes “‘re Mr. Gardner’s idea that 4. pratana
occurs everywhere (in Upper Teesdale) among rushes. If he
thinks there is any connection between pratana and rushes, my
experience and that of many others proves the idea to be quite
untenable. In our district it is only found in exceptionally dry
spots on our chalk and limestone hills and downs, and although
it is locally abundant, I have never seen it anywhere near
rushes. I find that I took a few in Castle Eden Dene in 1885,
and have no doubt of its being locally common there.”

Nore.—Notwithstanding the above, I have certainly taken pratana
freely about rushes in Upper Teesdale.

Page 95.

Euchromia ericetana.

I am able to confirm Mr. Robson’s records for this district,

having during the last few years taken several specimens in
Hezleden Dene.

Page 98.
Sericorts politana. °
My records for this species have been placed in error to
Dichrorampha politana, an insect I have never taken; they

refer to the above species, which is common on the Teesdale
moors

Page 102.
Eupeciha maculosana.

During the last few years I have found maculosana abundant
on the east bank of the spur from Hezleden Dene leading up to
Middlethorpe Cottage ; it flits about the wild hyacinth flowers

CATALOGUE OF MOTHS. 271

in the sunshine—and later in the season larvee are to be found
in seed vessels of the same plant.

Page 103.
Eupecilia nana.

This species occurs in Hezleden Dene among birches, where
I have several times taken it—it, however, is not common.

Page 104.
Eupecilia ruficiliana.
I find that raficeliana is equally common in marshy pastures
on the borders of the moors in Teesdale where no cowslip

grows. Probably in such situations the larva feeds upon either
the seeds of furze or lousewort ( Pedicularia palustris).

The following additional records for the ‘‘ Tineina’’ have
been received from Mr. J. W. H. Harrison while the present
volume has been passing through the press.

Dasystoma salicella.

This species, for which we have hitherto had only one record,
viz., that of a single specimen taken by Mr. Finlay at Meldon
Park, is now recorded by Mr. Harrison as being abundant at
Birtley, the larva feeding upon many plants.

Depressarvia assimilella.

Very common at Birtley.

Depressaria weirella.

One specimen at Birtley.

Depressaria nervosa.

Also very common at Birtley.

202

ERRATA.

ERRATA.

Page 2, line 7, for ‘‘has”’ read ‘have.’

4, line 16, for ‘‘ Zanthoclagna”’ read ‘‘ Zanclognatha.”
12, line 3, for ‘‘ Stephens’ ”’ read ‘‘ Stephens.”
15, line 4, for “ Phylctenia”’ read ‘‘ Phlyctenia.”
15, line 9 from bottom, for “‘ Psamotis”’ read “‘ Psammotis.””

15, line 10 from bottom, for ‘‘in Stephens’”’ read ‘‘ by
Stephens.”

17, line 14, for “‘ abundant” read ‘‘ abundantly.”

18, line 5-9 from bottom, for ‘‘cuculatella’’ read
‘* cucullatella.’’

21, line 4, insert partim after Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 423.

21, line 16, insert partum after Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep.,
p. 428.

22, line 11 from bottom, insert partim after Meyr. Hdbk.
Brit. Lep., p. 4238.

25, line 18 and 14 from bottom, for ‘‘augustea’’ read
‘‘angustea, Steph.”

28, line 11 from bottom, for ‘‘ they” read ‘‘ the moths.”

29, line 1, for ‘‘ larva” read ‘‘ larve.”’

29, line 9 from bottom, for ‘‘ Phycilide”’ read ‘‘ Phycitide.”’

30, line 7 from bottom, for ‘‘ Onocera”’ read ‘‘ Oncocera.”

31, line 10, delete ‘‘ Nephopteryx.”

? read

31, line 7 from bottom, for ‘‘ Nephopteryx ’
‘‘ Nephopteryx, Hib.”

32, line 8, for ‘‘ Pempelia”’ read ‘‘ Pempelia, Hub.”

88, line 5, for ‘‘ Mieracleum sphondyllium’’ read
‘“* Heracleum sphondylium,”

33, line 9, for ‘‘ betula, Gn.” read ‘ betule, Goeze.”’

ERRATA, 273

Page 38, line 8 from bottom, for ‘“ Ulex campestris’’ read

”?

oP)

99

3)

9

)

‘« Ulex europeus.”
34, line 19, delete ? after Lenn.
40, line 21, for ‘‘ Eupecethia”’ read ‘‘ Eupecilia.”
45 et seq., line 15, for ‘‘ Encosma”’ read ‘‘ Hucosma.”

51, line 5 and 6 from bottom, for ‘‘ cinnamoneana” read
‘¢ cinnamomeana.”
56, line 2 and 4, for ‘‘ udmanniana”’ read “ uddmanniana.”
b) ’

)

56, line 5 and 6 from bottom, for ‘‘roscecolana”’ read

‘‘ roseecolana.”’
o7, line 17, for ‘‘incarnitana” read ‘‘ incarnatana.”
58, line 4, for “‘nisana”’ read ‘ nisella.”’

60, line 14 and 15 from bottom, for ‘‘ opthalmicana,’ read
‘* ophthalmicana.”’

61, line 7 and 11, for ‘‘ hohenworthiata”’ read ‘‘ hohen-

warthiana.”’

67, line 17 and 18, for ‘“‘acuminitana’’ read ‘‘ acumina-
9 ?
tana.”’

69, line 6 from bottom, for ‘‘ Turetocera” read
‘« Tmetocera.”

78, line 7 and 8 from bottom, for ‘‘ commariana”’ read
‘¢ comariana.”’

79, line 1, for ‘‘ perplexana ”’ read ‘‘ perplexana, Barrett.”’
83, line 9, for ‘‘ corticana’’ read ‘‘ corticana, Hib.”

84, line 4, for “‘ ratzburghiana” read ratzeburgiana.”’

87, line 5 from bottom, for ‘‘ Hcosina” read ‘‘ Eucosma.”
89, line 12 from bottom, for ‘‘ brobana”’ read ‘“ buoliana.”’
90, line 8, for ‘‘ May, 1885,” read ‘‘ August, 1885.”

92, line 17, for ‘‘ Epimrota”’ read ‘‘ Epinotia,”

92, line 3 from bottom, for ‘‘ p. 584” read ‘‘ p. 514.”

94, line 16, for ‘‘ Woeke”’ read ‘‘ Wocke.”

274 ERRATA.

Page 95, line 14, for ‘‘ osseata”’ read ‘‘ osseana.”’
,, 106, line 11, for ‘‘ Scabrosa’’ read ‘‘ Scabiosa.”’
,, 180, line 1 and 2, for ‘‘ sparmanella” read ‘‘ sparmannella.’’

,», 165, line 12 from bottom, for ‘“‘ hermanrella”
“« hermannella.”

read

,, 209, line 11 and 12, for ‘‘rhyncosporella”’ read ‘‘ rhyn-
chosporella.”’

Ablabia

Acalla...75, 76, 77, 78; 79s oe

Acompsia
Acrobasis
Acrolepia
Adactyla
Adela
thia

A gdistis
Aglossa
Agrotis
Alucita
Amphidasis
Amphisa
Amphisbatis
Anacampsis
Anarsia
Anchylopera
Ancylis
Anerastia
Anesychia
Anisopteryx
Anisotenia
Antithesia
Aphomia
Argynnis
Argyresthia
Argyrolepia
Argyrotoza
Aristotelia
Asthena
Asthenia
Asychna
Atemelia

Bactra
Batrachedra
Bedellia...
Boarmia

45, 266, 267

INDEX

Page

95, 270

I, 82
170, 171
30

07, 173
153, 244
. 125

sco SBI
248, 249
. 261
42

sco LB

102, 103, 164

... 250

72, 255, 269
723 13> 74
27

... 133

. 262

84

.» 26
.. 256
ooo IPP
101, 255
75

»..L50, 153, 102, 105

. 261
5g teh)
... 201
.. 173
ad fe
- 198

. 198
. 261

INDEX TO GENERA,

Botys
Brachmia
Brachytenia
Bradyepetes
Brephos
Bryotropha
Bucculatrix
Butalis

Cacoecia
Calocampa
Calosetia
Calymnia
Capua
Carcina
Carpocapsa
Cartella...
Cataclysta
Cataplectica
Catoptria
Cedestis...
Cemiostoma
Cerostoma
Cerura...
Chauliodus

Cheimatophila

Cheimophila
Chelaria
Chilo

Chimabacche ...

Chiidonia
Chloephora
Choreutes
Chrosis
Chrysoclista
Chrysocorys
Cidaria
Cleodora
Clepsis
Cloantha

275

Page
ag.)
600 LH?
we =45
«. 262
. 260
50) LGB
. 227

. 172

see 525 551 55
sco BY)

. 102

wos 209

555 68

we L379
91

69

10
170, 20
foot Ol
... 182
--. 226
. 136
... 256
oo) OY)
77, 100
.. Z08
. 167
39

100, 2

Page
Cnephasia $00 ae Hl 193
Coccyx 00 tas .. 68
Coleophora 188, 255
Commophila ... sete ..» I00
Coriscium we ane ... 186
Crambus 34, 209, 266
Creesia at Bor saan ni®
Cydia 69, 71, 100, 102
Dasycera Bes a ... 170
Dasystoma ... coo =» LOB, Deval
Deilephila ae ae a. 206
Depressaria ... ..- 140, 271
Dichelia see i 48

Dichrorampha ... 66, 268, 270
Dictyopteryx ... tes coo
Dioryctria Bes coo Bly, BBS

Diplodoma __... “ir aso LIB
Ditula sata ie coo HS
Douglasia f56 ie con NG
Drymonia fe ne sao AB
Dryobota Be ae ... 259
Dyschorista ... ane 36d RY)
Ebulea ‘ide soon) ld
Elachista 34, 208, 254
Emmelesia . 263

Enarmonia...43, 83, 84, 85, 56,
go, 100, 252
Endopisa _ ie ee 90, 269

Endrosis 000 006 soa hy
Ennychia ap ane eo,
EHpagoge ahs ob6 S60,
Epermenia ... 666 LOO
Ephestia il xe 27, 265
Ephippiphora ... He oso SB

Hypiblema ...56, 57, 585 59, 0,

61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69
Hpinotia +» 00, G2, 253
Epithectis ae Se LO;
EHriocephala 127, 128
Eriopsela ~ ... ae ... 100

INDEX TO GENERA

Page
Eubolia ..» 265
Eucelis Ae ee .. §=86
Euchromia 95, 270

Eucosma...45, 46, 47, 48, 87,
951 90, 97 98, 99

Hudemis abe ie cnn | GEE
Eudorea sas 20, 252
Kulia aah wes we 44

Kupisteria ue ae ... 261
Eupithecia ... 263, 264
Euplexia 166 aa aca BaNS)
Euplocamus sh ceepelali
40, 102, 253, 270, 271

Kupeecilia

Hurhodope ... 606 coo
Eurois we aes son TS)
Hurrhypara ... 006 00 A
Huxanthis : 105, 253
Hvetria son 500 Sao) 1)
Exeretia sae 8 aco BY)
Exapate ia at ... 108
Gelechia 708, 146, 244
Gibbium “ies wee ... 265
Glyphipteryx ... sn Oy, WD
Gonopteryx... sist ... 255
Gracilaria an eats .. 184
Grapholita —... sine 92, 258
Gypsonoma ... as sco HO

Habrostola ote sao ... 260
Hadena... BAe dee .. 251

alias ... $00 ses sca 2)
Halonota 62, 268
Harpella 107, 169
Hedya ... 69, 267, 269
Heliophobus ... es ... 258
Heliothis BES ae ... 260
FTeliozela 900 coo) AO, L777
Hemerosia ae se me all

Henumene éc0 506 66, 67
Herbula... ne sas odo

Herminia
Homeosoma
Hybernia
Hydrocampa
Hypena
Hypercallia
Hypermecia
Hypoebalcia

Hyponomeuta ...

Hysterosia

Ineurvaria
Isotrias

Lampronia
Larentia
Laspeyresia
Laverna
Leucoptera
Lipoptycha
Tita
Lithocolletis
Lithographia
Lithomia
Lobesia ...
Loxostege
Lozopera
Lozotxnia
Lyonetia

Macaria

Marasmarcha...

Melanchra
Melanippe
Melanthia
Mesographe
Miana .
Micropteryx
Mixodia
Mompha
Monopis
Myelois ...

INDEX TO GENERA

Page

43, 266
.. 80
... 132

93

122, 724
... 263

. 85, 58, 89, 91, 92

. 199
. 226

107, 212, 254

02, 267

see 600 AGT
Loge
. 264

15

1.9, 95

5 ON

98

++-I9Qs 200, 201, 202

115, 250
30

Nemophila
Nemophora
Nemotois
Nephopteryx
Nepticula
Noctua ...
Nola
Notarcha
Notocelia
Nymphula

Ochsenheimeria
Ocnerostoma
(Cicophora
Oinophila
Oncocera
Oporabia
Opostega
Orgyia ...
Orneodes
Ornix
Orthosia
Orthotelia
Orthotenia
Oxygrapha
Oxyptilus

Peedisca
Paltodora

Pammene ae

Pamplusia
Pancalia
Pandemis
Paramesia
Parasia ...
Pardia ...
Pechypogon
Pempelia
Penthina
Peronea

277

Page
oa, LACS
... 125

. 127

OL, 33, 254
«6 229

... 258

18

ogo". eG

56, 57, O4

Il

AoC e009, LOY,
77, 85, 80, 37, 89

32, 254, 255
sl AS
42, 18

Phalonia...200, 101, 102, 703,

104, 253

278

INDEX TO GENERA

Page
Phibalocera coo HED
Philedone 42
Phleeodes 6 58
Phlyctema > By Ly 2G HO, 7
Phtheochroa . 100
Phycis ... 32
Phycita gr
Phylloporia . 12L
Pionea ... ae 1S
Platyptilia 244, 245, 246
Pleurota ooo IGE
Plodia .. yea!
Plusia ... 135, 260
Plutella... selon:
Peecilochroma ... 83, 269
Polia 5 Bae
Prays ... 134
Psammotis 15, 265
Psecadia p86. 22e
Pterophorus o. 244
Ptochewusa . 166
Ptycholoma 55
Pyralis ... ie 5
Pyrausta anally Gh LB, H7
Recurvaria 146
Retinia ... 89
Rhacodia 82
Rhodophea rYe)
Rivula ... 3
Roeselia 19
Salebria I?) 335
Sarrothripa 41
Scardia ee T15
Schreckenstenua 202
Scoparia 20, 252
Scopula... : 16
Scotosia . 264
Scythris 172
Selenia 252, 260
Semasia 85, 252

Page
Semioscopis . 110
Sericoris 96, 268, 270
Sesia . 256
Simaethis a he sae LO
Solenobia et ine 5 Intl
Spilodes en be Sen UG}
Spilonota sat 56, 267
Steganoptycha ... as sees lal
Stenopteryx ... BY ses altS
Stenoptiaia 240, 247
Stephensia ... 208
Stigmonota ... 500 Son, ele)
Swammerdamia . 130
Taleeporia soa LUO
Teichobia we boo 2B
Teras ... pa dn Hee 2
Tinagma ... 176
Tinea 115, 250
Tineola... sone
Tischeria ong Salil
Tmetocera ... wee 660 OO)
Tortricodes ... 106

Tortrix...44, 45, 49, 75, 76, 93;
94) 95> 98, 244

Tricophaga . 126
Trifurcula . 242
Triphena 560 ABI
Venusia . 261
Xanthosetia sae LOD
Xenolechia 155, 150
Xylophasia wee 259
Yponomeuta 0 LH
Ypsipetes ... 264
Ypsolophus . 168
Zanclognatha ... AA Bon wie
Zelleria ... ... 183

acanthodactyla
acanthodactylus
aceriana
acuminatella
acuminitana
adornatella
adscitella
advenella
ceneofasciata
zeneofasciella
zescularia
zethiops
affinis
afinitana
agathina
aglaia
ahenella
albersana
albicillata
albicosta
albifrontella
albipalpella
albipunctella
albistria
albitarsella
alchimiella
alcyonypennella
allisella
allionella
alnifoliella
alpinana
alpinella

alstroemeriana ...

alternella
amataria
ambigualis
amoenana
amy otella
anatipennella

INDEX

INDEX TO SPECIES.

Page
. 246
. 246

150, 757

153, 754, 259

142, r44

andereggiella

angelicella

anglicella

angulifasciella

angustana (Eupeecilia) -
a (Hypermecia)

angustea

angustiorana

argyrana sls

annulatella (Plutella)
5 (Coleophora)

anomalella

antiqua

anthyllidella

apicella (Swammerdamia)
», (Coleophora)

apicella (Nepticula) ...

apicepunctella ...

applana

arcella ...

arceuthina

arcuata

arcuatella

arenella

argentipedella ...

argyropeza

artemisiella

aruncella

aspersana

assectella

assimilella

atomella

atra,

atrella

atricollis

atricomella

atricapitella

atriplicella

aucuparie

141,

280

aucupariella

augustana

aurana

aurantiaria

aurata

aureatella

aurella ...

aurifrontella

aurimaculella ...

auroguttella

autumnana

autumnaria —... oe

avellanella (Semioscopis)
By (Ornix)

badiella
baja
barbalis
basalella
basistrigalis
bennetii
bergmanniana ...
bertrami ;
betula (Pempelia)
» (Ornix)
betularia
betulella
betuletana
betuletella
betulicola
biarcuana
biatomella
bicostella
bilunana
bimaculana
bipunctidactyla
bipunctidactylus
birdella
biselliella
bisontella
bistrigella

boleti

INDEX TO SPECIES

. 277 | bouchardana
43 | bractea
86 bracteella
. 262 | bractella
7 | bremiella
. 728 | brizella
. 241 | brockeella
. 201 | brunnichella
. 227 | brunnichiana
. 186 | brunnichiella
79 | buoliana

... 110 | cesiella
... 186 | cxspititiella
caledoniana
. 146 | caledoniella
... 258 | calthella
3 | cambrica
... 239 | campoliliana
Abb. | cana
753, 244 | canariella
76 | candidata
. 245 | captiuneula
33 | carduella
. 187 | carlinella
. 261 | caudana
. 174 | cautella
46 | cembree
... zo7 | cerusella
... 238 | cerusellus
.. 72 | cervinata
. 210 | cespitalis
. 168 | cespitis
69 | cherophyllella
... 62 | cherophyllellus
.. 246 | cherophylhi
... 246 | chaonia
113, zrg | christiernana
. 121 | christyi
. 114 | chrysanthemana
. 121 | cidarella
... 115 | ciliella ...

Page
83, 269
... 260

107, 169
... 169
215, 216
.. 165

. 182

- 203
od:

. 203
59

ban LGhE
. 198
coo)
so. 222
00 17/
. 261
von SDT
OD,
vee 124
... 261
33 9
.. 143
. 167
82

- 147
20

. 209
- 4
. 265
: i)
... 258
. 199
«+» 199
w. 145
.. 257
..- 169
. 263
ss OF
+. 228
. 144

cinctella
einerana
cinerella

cinereopunctella

cingulalis °
cinguata
cinnamomeana
cirsiana
eladiella
elathrella
clerckella
clerkella
cloacella
cognatellus
colonella
comariana
combinella
comitana
communana
comparana
comparella

complanella ...

comptana
concomitella
confinis
confusalis
confusella
congelatella
coniferana
conjugella
consortana
conspersana
conspicualis
conspicuella
contaminana
conterminella
conversaria
conwayana
cornella

corticana (Antithesia)
a (Pecilochroma)

corticella

INDEX TO SPECIES

Page
+ 208
58

I, yan

74, 255
)

corylana
coryli
corylifoliella
costalis
costana
costella
costosa
cramerella
crategana
crategella
crateei
erenana
crepusculella
cretacelia
cristatella
cristulalis
crocealis
cruciana
eruciferarum
eryptella

cuculipennellum

cucullatella
culmellus
cuprella
cupriacellus
curticellus
curvella

cygnipennella .

cynosbatella
cytisella

dalella ...
davisellus
dealbana
desertella
destructor
diffinis
dilectella
dilutella
dimidiana
discupunctella
discordella

4

33,

282

distinctana
distinctella
dodecella
domestica
dorsana
dotata
douglasti
dubitalis
dubitata
dunningiella

elongella

emberizeepennella
emberizipennella

ephippella
ericetana
ericetella
euphrosyne
eurema
evonymellus
expallidana
expolita
expolitella

fabriciana
-fabriciella
fagella
faginella
farinalis
farinatella
favillaceana
fenestrella
ferrugalis
ferrugana
JSerruginea
festaliella
fibulella
ficulella

filigrammaria ...

fimbria

fimbrialis

INDEX

Page

68

148, 156
. 16]

184, 185

95, 270

TO SPECIES

fischeriella
flavicaput
flavimaculella
fletcheri
floslactella
foenella
forficalis

formiczeformis ...

forskaleana
forsterana
fraternella
fraxinata
frequentella
frischella
froelichiella
fugitivella
Sulgens

fulvana (Lozotsenia)
Be (Catoptria)

Sulviguttella
fulvimetrella
fumatella
funerella
furcula
fusca
fuscalis
fuscedinella
fuscescens

fuscipunctella ...

fuscocuprea

fuscoviridella ...

fuscus

galiata .
galii
gamma
gelatella
geminana
geniculeus

genistacolella ...

geniste
genistella

..» 157
263, 264
.. 24
. 192
so. 220
... 156
. 238
54

61
MeO)
goo Ts)
. 148
... 133
... 256

INDEX TO SPECIES

Page
germarana 91, 269
gerningana ss. .... SO esr 4
elareosa .- 258
glauca : 300) AN
elaucicolella... iad so. UB
glaucinalis He nee oF Me)
eleichenella 203
elutinose sac was ... 239
geedartella ... 181
gonodactyla ... a ee 70 |
gracilella aso) JEpIt
grandevana... sds noo, (OB
granella Bee bse apo! 1ilfs}
granitella sae vee sq UB
gratiosella Be ue ... 240
gregsoni ee ae: ... 206
grisealis ae 550 sat 0:
griseo-capitella 56 sco 183
grossulariana eee obo, lz
grotiana ae bo .. 48
gryphipennella 567 cog GO)
guttea 300 200 -.- 188
hamellus ae ins » 34
hastiana 42, 80
heegeriella —... 50n 2s
heparana AGO tie ooo Bl
heparata uae ate ell
hepariella a es son Uf)
hepatica ee 36 sco, PARE)
heracliana fos ded :.. 146
herbida .-- 258
herbosana 66, 268
hermannella ... ihe sno MOE
heroldella 28 500 ooo FAH
hexadactyla ... 00 «+ 249
hohenwarthiana a Eel
holmiana oe ad ror KD
hortuellus eee S00 ee OG
huebnerella sca SY
humeralis see ae non WD

hybridalis Pr ba dite Syn

hybridana

hypericana
hypericella
hyreiniana

icterana
ignobilella
illustraria
immundella
impluviata
incarnatana
incertana
incongruella
inconspicuella ...
innotata 000
inopiana
insignatella
insignipennella
insignitella
instabilella
intaminatella
interjecta
internana
interpunctella ...
irradiella

janthina
junoniella

kilmunella
kleemannella
klemannella
kuehniella

laburnella

lactana ¥
lacteella (Endrosis)
lacteella (Laverna)
levignana
lanceolana

107, 214
158, z6o

284

lapella (Tinea)
5, (Parasia)
lapponica
laricella
lariciana
laripennella
Jatiorana
lautella
lecheana
lemnata
leuwenhoekella
lichenella
ligulella
lineola
lineolea
literana
lithodactyla
lithodactylus
liturata
liturella
lixella
leeflingiana
loewli
loganella
logiana
longicornis
lotella
~ Jucella
lucipara
Junaria
lundana
lupulina
luridana
lutarea
Jutealis
luteata
luteella
luticomella
Jutipennella
luzella

maccana

INDEX TO SPECIES

Page

. 120
. 166
. 240

- 254

I3!,

1352

.. 261
... 236
... 204
... 189

. 122

80

maculea
maculosana
malella
manniana
margaritellus
marginana
marginea
marginellus
marginepunctella
marginecolella
maritima
marmorea
megerlella
melilotella
mendica
mercurella wee
mercuriana
messaniella
metzneriella
microdactyla ...
microdactylus ...
microtheriella ...
ministrana
minusculella
minutella
miscella

misella
mitterbacheriana
mixtana
monodactyla
monticola
monticolana
mouffetella
mulinella
mundella
murana
murinipennella
muscalella
musculana
myllerana
myrtillana
myrtillella

47,

nevana
neviferella
THEE S Go
nanana
nanatella

nebulana Pac =

neglectana
nemoralis
nemorella
nervosa
nicellii
nickerlir
nigra
nigrella
nigrescentella ...
nigricana
nigticella
nigricomella
nigricostana
nimbella
nisella
nitidella
noctuella
notatella
nubilalis
nympheata

obliquella

oblongana = eh
obscurella (Gelechia) ..

(Elachista)

obsoletella ee was

occultana
ocellana (Hedya)

+ (Depressaria)
ochraceana
ochraceella
ochrodactyla
ochrodactylus ...
ocnerostomella
octomaculana ...
octomaculata ...

INDEX TO SPECIES 285

Page Page
71 | olivalis ode ae sei
... 165 | olivaria ate one coo 21883
... 271 | onosmella Ae hee 600 YS
. 252 | ophthalmicana a doo OO)
. 141 oppressana eis a LSE
... 55 | orbitella 600 aD doo HG)
70, 269 | osseana 500 600 000 OF
4 osseella Heh Ae -.. 166
... 138 | ostrinalis eh oe LES
145,171 | oxyacanthe .. 00c 500 BUS
.. 222 | oxyacanthella (Swammerdamia) 131
5 Lies Ke (Nepticula) ... 230

.. 147
... 206 | padellus as B68 ooo IBY
215, 276 | padi... on iss elise
91 | paleana aes a Beatie 20)
. 190 | pallescentella ... soo WD), er
_ 927 | pallida sh Se soy BES
87 | paludana Sita ioe odo 8}
98 | paludum BO Le poo 21018)
... 68 | palustrana ait tie ee 648
178 | parasitella ae oe sae LG
. 78 | pariana S40 % LY,
_.. 15 | paripennella ... Re soo JIG
72 | parthenias fey 35 ... 260
11 | parvidactylus ... ihe ... 246
pascuana soc ae 5 (OF
... 208 | pascuellus Hoe ie oD
47 | pastinacella... sie ... 146
... 152 | paykulliana ... Sob te OO
... 207 | pectinea wa 36 . 124
z59, 160 | pellionella ee eng NAO) war
... 90 | peltigera ae ee ..» 260
69,70 | penkleriana ... a3 500 BS
. 144 | pentadactylus ... aa .. 249
.. 68 | perlellus 300 ae boo he!
... 200 | perlepidana ... fae fo 88
... 244 || perplexana ~ ... ski coo OY)
244, 245 | perplexella .... 68 6 20%
-- 177 | petiverella ae nae .. 66
94 | pflugiana Or ae sad CB

10 | phragmitellus ... ae sta BY)

286

phryganella
picana
picarella
piceana
pictella
pinariella
pinguinalis
pinicolana
pinicolella
pinivorana
pistacina
piagicolella
plagiodactylus
plantaginella
plumbagana
plumbana
podana
politana
politella
pollinariella
polydactyla
pomella
pomonella
pomifoliella
populana
populella
porrectella
preangusta
prelatella
prelongana
prasinana
pratana
pratellus
proboscidatis
prodromana
profugella
propinquella
protea
proximana
proximella
prunalis
pruniana

66, 268, 270

INDEX TO SPECIES

Page

... 109
oe (GF
116, 777
59

.- 165

147, 748

pseudobombycella
pseudo-spretella
pterodactyla
pterodactylus
pubicornis
pulcherrimella...
pulveralis
pulveratella
pulverosella
punicealis
purpuralis
purpurella
pygmeana
pygmeata

pygmeella (Argyresthia)
" (Nepticula)

pyralella
pyrella
pyzrhulipennella

quadripunctella
questionana
quercana
quercifoliella
quinqueguttella

radiatella
ramella (Hedya)

ramella (Anchylopera)

ratzeburgiana
regiana

regiella
repandata
resplendella
resplendellum ...
retinella
revayana
rhamni
rheediella
rhombella
rhomboidaria ...
rhynchosporella

45;

INDEX TO SPECIES

Page
ribeana : See, al
roborana (Lozotexnia) 54, 267

» (Spilonota) DO
roborelia 31, 254
roboris 212, 254
rosecolana 56
rosana . ane OA
roseticolana gf, 269, 270
ruberaria 264
rubiella 123
rubiginosana ... 33
rufana 79
rufescens 147
ruficapitella 229
ruficiliana 271
rufillana 85
rufimitrella 126
rufocinerea 211
ruralis I?
rustica . 134
rusticana 49
rusticella 115
salaciella 227
salicella (Penthina) AS

» (Dasystoma) 108, 271
salicicolella 217
salicis 235
salicorniz 159
salopiella 129
sambucalis 15
sangiella 164
sangii 129
saucia 257
scabrella 137
schalleriana 78
schrankella 201
schwarziella 125
seintillulana 20
scitella Sar 226
scopariella (Depressaria) 141

5 (Lithocolletis) 221

scopoliana
scotias ...
scoticella
scutulana
selasellus
selene
semifasciana
semifulvella
semifusea
semifuscana
semipurpurella

semitestacella ...

senecionis
senectella
seppella
septembrella
sequax ...
sequella
sericialis
sericiella
sericiellum
siccifolia
siemilana
similella
similis
SinUana
sircomella
sociella
solandriana
solidaginis
solutella

somnulentella ...
sorbi (Lithocolletis)
» (Nepticula)

sorbiana
sorbiella
sordidana
sororculana
sparganella

sparmannella ...

sparmanniana
spartiella

288 INDEX TO SPECIES

Page

spartifoliella ... at ... 226
spinicolella ... aie son allt}
spiniella (Swammerdamia) ... 131
», (Argyresthia) Sau llers
spinolella ahs ae noo Zilli
sprssicella es abe B50) ee
splendana os an pope)
splendidella ... 4i0 31, 266
splendidissimella ae 36g) HF)
splendidulana ... see can (oh)
sponsana 000 aia 500 GO)
stabilana ss one boa. BS)
stagnata doe ane coo | lil
stanneella age Bh so HO
stanneellum ... use ooo LAG
steinkellneriana ses foo WO
stettinensis ... fe sce 27
sticticalis ite ifn cco IG
stigmatella ... aa ... 184
stipella ore 300 AOI AUIE
stramineella ... tig .. 184
subapicella ... bo coo 2A
subaquilea ner Ae ooo JAI
subbaumanniana Sets noe AND)
subbimaculella oA ... 234
subfasciana ... ine con AS!
subjectana sis dbo soot O83
subobscurella ‘ise ono OW?
subocellea (Gelechia) ... 166
i) (Elachista) ae oie
subocellana ... BEEN recta 74
subornatella ... an shat
subpropinquella fe sno 1A

subpurpurella ... ae ... 130
suffusa 06 aac p50 ZAM
sulphurella —... ane ... 170

sulphurellum .. 900 ... 186
swammerdammella ... Bee 5
swederella sat sid ... 184
sylvella ao ie apa, LI

syringella ae a ... 185

tanaceti
teniatella
teniolella
tapetiella
tapetzella
tedella
tenebrella
tenebrosella
tenerana
terella
terminella
tesserana

tetradactylus ... ee

tetragonana
tetragonella
tetralunaria
tetraquetrana
therinella
thrasonella
thunbergella
tityrella
torquatella
torquillella
trapeziella

triangulum —... aes

triatomea

tricolorella

trifasciella

trigeminana ...

trigonodactylus

trimaculana (Spilonota)
Ks (Hedya)...

trimaculella

tringipennella ...

tripartita

tripunctana

triquetrella,

tristana

tristellus

tristregella

troglodytella

truncicolella

67,

Page
268

... 208
. 163
. 116
. 116

. 162

68

- 162

. 149

84

«-. 202
se. 205
. 249

IO8,

64
153

. 252

58

.. 195
. 175
... 128
... 238
.. 173
... 187
=. 203
-.. 208
... 210
-«. 157

62,

. 224

268

. 246

vials

57
267

.. 235
-.- 18d
.-. 260

Tiseig.

. 224

Il2
79

- 196

tumidella
turbidana
turricella
typica

uddmanniana
udmanniana
ulicana
ulicetana
uliginosellus
ulmana
ulmella
ulmifoliella
ulmivora
umbellana
umbrana
umbrosella
undulana
unguicella
unifasciana
unifasciata
unimaculella
upsilon
urticata

vacciniana
vacciniella
vacculella
variegana
vectisana
velosella
verhuellella
v-flava
v-flavum

INDEX TO SPECIES

Page
son 0)
65, 268

. 239

so PES)

ano | OE
35, 266
84

21

.. 216
. 238

. 140

81

. 158

gl

74

.. 58
.. 263
- 129

OU
14

ob tehD
soo 2D
. 114
40, 81
Abort 240)
. 148
5 IB
5 EY
- 199

verticalis
vetusta
viburnana
viburniana
viminetella
viminiella
virgaureana
viridana
viridella
viscariella
viscerella
vittella
vorticella
vulgella

wailesella
walkerana
warringtonellus
weaverella
weirella
wilkinsoni
wockw
weoeberana
weeberiana

xanthographa ...

xylosteana
xylostella

zellert
zonariella
zophodactyla

. 259

.. 189

289

Page

13

49
49

50) BAA

. 126

93
50

ooo 1G)
-. Jol
. 136

162,

163

. 155

- 247

Ths poke

CONTENTS.
A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Northumberland, Durham
and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. By Joun E. Rosson, F.E.S.

Vol. II1.—Micro-Lepidoptera.
Part .I1.—Tineina and Pterophorina.
With portrait of the author and Index to Vol. II.

Edited by John Gardner, F.E.S.

PRINTED BY J. BPLL AND CO., RAILWAY LANE, PILGRIM STREET NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE

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