wah sade Get Sve peak She BARS soo, Nees Sere Spee Sa A gE rey Pas Goo olen eit aan pila See epee al ea aie hey erage i atm Fite siege er eee eee OEE yj x ] i 3 ="¥ *y. n we ; . i) ni E 7 : A - fj a ; ~ a 5 i f ' ir ecil « al is to ¥ na Ne TRANSACTIONS OF THE PO ye SOCLET Y OF EDINBURGH. VOL. XVIL—PART IL. CONTAINING THE MAKERSTOUN MAGNETICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS FOR 1843. EDINBURGH: PUBLISHED BY ROBERT GRANT & SON, 82 PRINCES STREET; AND T. CADELL, STRAND, LONDON. MDCCCXLVII. RGH. T, EDINBUI Z 4 ta = a & A a i) e) vu z - id | _ za n A a ZI a & es a OBSERVATIONS MAGNETISM AND METEOROLOGY, MADE AT MAKERSTOUN IN SCOTLAND, IN THE OBSERVATORY OF GENERAL SIR THOMAS MAKDOUGALL BRISBANE, BART., G.C.B., G.C.H., D.C.U., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., H.M.R.I.A., PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, In 1843. DISCUSSED AND EDITED BY JOHN ALLAN BROUN, Esa, DIRECTOR OF THE OBSERVATORY. EDINBURGH: PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY. MDCCCXLVIL. CONTENTS. IntRoDUCTION— — Position and Description of the Observatory, sfotsiaistafslelstsleloielolals sialsla(cla) suis siaievereiciaisieieierersisisisicie sieraiseieine ix System of Observation and Personal Establishment, .-...+-.......ss.seeccseeeeeseecees ease e xi Maeneticat InstRuMENTS— Declinometer— Deseripionyot te Dechinometer,: tes. ects. averse sojniiteaisonioinslesbaceinus das esses xii ialtecrotatheyocaler Divisions: -205-5-s-ce- 5-28. 7-2t8otovcoss-0s- cos eodaclove cugewccs xiii Sealepheading: for the Magnetic Axis, .-: 0.20.62: sssecsssscosecssereoveestecsarecserstes XV Correction for the effects of the Bifilar and Balance Magnets, «.---.+-+-+++++0e00+s Xvi Correction for the effect of the Copper Ring or Damper, «--+----+-..:.:eeeeeeeeeeee xvii Correction for the Non-Parallelism of the faces of the Plates of Glass in the Box, Xviil Correction for the Torsion Force of the Suspension Thread, «.+--.+:.seeeseeeeeee XVili acts nelating tothe SUSPENSION LHTeAdS, scod--5--c0cceerssoceeeresveanssescssnsarecs xix PNG CileT Cale SOUTCESHO fa Teens sclrsee asec ocet mc srone Ngo cieiastccderes waccboUhssameeeanenes xx IAGO plede Scale sZeTOS=-a.22 -ociaelyaveengsnlacnanesesner ese see sestoasevecsiovssesssncecebe see ses Xxi Time of Vibration of the Declination Magnet --...-......... ebediciade bn Guopyododucdene XXi IN OSolute NBAPTICLIC DECHMAMON)+-\-e.-c.+c0cseeeesevessvedcnec oe esos sieduieslesnnass casiees ces XXii | Unifilar Magnetometer and Observations of the Absolute Horizontal Intensity of thi Hurth’s Magnetism— Position and Description of the Instrument, .......-..--:.cscseseessceceeeeeeesnteeees Xxili Miodeate Observation and eed UCtlOny er sctcocseecccccenccssscdectacnsacacensstetessoo se Xxiv Observations of Absolute Horizontal Intensity, .............0.sseecsseereccrsesceceeee XXVI Bifilar or Horizontal Force Magnetometer— Mescriptionsom thew Un StrU MeN te wcrc ce snlle(eseeldeleosisina ses save sce ieceiossiscecsscnies seis Xxix Adjustments and Values of Constants, «....:<.--.-.22-ce-sesercsssnesovonseeseseoeeers xxxi Constants for Reduction after altering the Reading of the Torsion Circle,..---- XXxili Corrections for the effects of the Declination and Balance Magnets, --.------+-- XXXiv Mimerotavpbration of the Bitilar Magnet, |.-----2+2+s0209:ccesrcdseceacsssceccecoceees: Xxxiv NiGd eho MOMBeRV ALON este eee tee saint ne Cennaticced accu dea loets eceseeselocets XXIV MNemmperaunerorthon acne tamtat ts st ocuscsestea a aduawettaaceueetcon este te obesucs ssedky Balance or Vertical Force Magnetometer— Description and Theory of the Instrument, «---.+0+:-e sees eeeeee eee eee eee eeneee ees XXXV Practical difficulties in Dr Lioyp’s method of determining the Constants,----- xxxvi New method of determining the Constants (Note), ---+::.:+:sseeeeese sees eee eee ees XXXVI Another method (that used in this volume) of determining the Constants, ---- | xxxvii Values of Constants and Adjustments, douse dbo0ou0ns cna cdouOdnooUndedHooUneDdeasuaduubos XXXVI1L Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle, sod bddachootondndedadcoaadadusondods dudheaboud XXXVili Determination of the Temperature Coefficients of the Magnets— Temperature Coefficient of the Deflection Magnet.-----------++-+-++- were tee eee ee ees Temperature Coefficient of the Balance Magnet, -----+++++-+eeereeeree Pees ceeines ne Temperature Coefficient of the Bifilar Magnet, -----++-+-++ere--reereeeeeeeeeeeseeses: Inclinometer— Description of the Instrument ---++.+----.++++ sawed aslo ne de teaee RBeaE Reno ase comeeneeeae Facts relating to Observations,:+:-+-++++++ sTeleyeleieieloloteis)si(stelofe\stelat= docodouns7 dodocesuooddans dee METEOROLOGICAL InsSTRUMENTS— Barometer— Description of the Instrument, ----+--ee ser eer terre rete eters tre eee nee ee eee eee ces dd0655 Corrections applied to the Observations, Sob ade Ap Soenosdaooddd poaSaddadoeD ee eielelateisietclete/ stars Thermometers— Description and Position of the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometers, -..---- 558555 Position of Maximum and Minimum Register Thermometers,:--------+----+++- 536 Corrections for Thermometers °++:::++++° Sclestanpiae ntsc dele etocteeletraeeise adodcbasenoss Rain-Gauges— Description and Positions of the Rain-Gauges, --+------+++++++sessese++ er a0 3 ss Anemometer— Position and Description of the Anemometer, poutia atolaiotstefaieiele(elalereleersterielelereleeiats aocebd : Mode of Observation, -+::+++++++ +++ aiatefetaleletorehevstets afelelaieoterelaisleteteve Riolerstinistelsleleisielsleciecele aleretetoisleletes STATE OF THE SKY— Mode of estimating the Surface and Motions of Clouds, +++-++-++++-+++++++++++ voters eee Crock, Stove, anp Computineg Room— Mean Time Clock, --++-seeessseeeeeeeee ees jalebeteroieleisvecctets dosadda ailesienctiae Ab ondoEDuOoSnuSeadeS sisieiec Stove and Computing Room, sale foie'e susie ele oyeloreteletetemetelays misteleve sie etarelctoloisistetsniere(eierete Gopdanaeaconondes Description oF THE TABLES OF OBSERVATIONS— Description of Tables containing the Daily Observations of Magnetometers,--------- Description of Tables containing the ‘Yerm-Day Observations of Magnetometers,--- Description of Tables containing the Extra Observations of Magnetometers, ------- Description of Tables containing the Daily Meteorological Observations, ------------ Description of Tables containing the Term-Day and Extra Meteorological Obser- VatlONS, +++++-ees- BadoodacoousonSes00 acletetetelelotecs aieteiole’etaleceletsteralere sinlejeieieieiete Reference to Tables of Abstracts, .«::+cesseseeee esses easumantecens coestene sOsbiseworeroe Boch Account of the method adopted in Projecting and Printing the Curves of Term- Day Observations, -+-++--+- sie ulsc ce cirene ttceae an Lace toe eae aR eae GENERAL REMARKS— Reasons for the methods adopted in Reducing and Printing the Magnetical Obser- vations, eevee ereeeees weece tes ececenncs wee ee cence veces eveeeseses Udveuvenevevecncenceereunie eeneee PostseripT— New method of determining the Value of the Scale Divisions of the Bifilar Mag- netometer in Parts of the whole Horizontal Force, ----- weeeees see eee ees betes eee ees Results of Experiments in which the new method was employed, -+:+++--.::+++5+ liv lx lxiv lxy CONTENTS. MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS— DaILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, --++:etscessece tee ees ee secceeeceeencceenestsceseeeceeren TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, -ececscsessecce eee centee sce ceecscessseccsnssstee ees ExtTrRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERG, ++++ssscestr tts eeeeet ees cee ceeeceteeseereneteteeeenseeuee OBSERVATIONS OF: MAGNETIC- DIP} een eecesearcesewtes senses saveesens qeeecerseseeesceeseweecseconceees OBSERVATIONS OF ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL INTENSITY, -----+eeeeeceesee ees ceetereeet cence see ees METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS— DAILY. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, «--i0e--seneescccecsecercesscccssceusececccsessseseccceseces TerM-Day AND ExtTRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, --++++eceseseceseeceees eee eeeeeneee ees ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS, ABSTRACTS FOR THE MaGnetiIc DecLinaTIOoN— Annual Period, RSE SE Sate ci chels orerae ie Bie reicigre a ccsess Secular Change, CORO DE DOO EHO ODOOTIODD FCAT OM OCC MaOR Ua CoS eC Te rites Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation,.---- Diurnal Ranges with reference to the Position of the Moon, Maenetic Dip— Secular Change, aogdaduonuda pagdcatoo bao oddcocodeconUedeadbeadousrobanne Annual Period, ..--.2+:22:seseceeeee cnet er tec tee cere eeseeceneceneeeee Diurnal) Variation,--+-----+------2seeeersencererscneseeceeeerecereeee Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation, --- Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, ------- Torat Macnetic Force— ‘ Secular Change, Srercrigndestatoeleat siatalanvaletctasvebe crolateia lets tolelecaaiarsisla’ete ate eioncle Wala tele Annual Period, ----2-:-:seseese rete eee ne nese eee ee eens eee e renee ceteris Diurnal Variation, Biel avertots tale eletatataretetetelavaie ole telatelave leis ele eizicte oieless slaveisieleie.s/(e Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation,----- Variations with reference to the Position of the Moon, -----:- See ee cy eee ee rr ry eee eee ee Cee ees eeoreeseseeersssce oo eee ee cr Se ee a eee ey See ee eo ry ecm cece centric ee neccceeuscoes v1 CONTENTS. PAGE ExtREME Positions— During the Daily Observations ; with the Ranges, -+-----++-:++++212s1rere ret ceeeee cerns 254 During observed Disturbances ; with the Ranges,.------+---++-++re+er recess ter eeeee senses : 255 During Term-Days ; with the Ranges, abc tiseiarciaie elareieisieinislolele sineistelers winienstetienirlcleveliselseiaeleicer ieee 956 Mean Positive and Negative Excesses of the Extreme Excursions of the Three Magnets, Pee AET are eieterclele bia aiovaiS tole sie /elefeicloletereieselsze'e eVe|s(ejelajerajeretoleloleloteselslotelaletalelolelelelersieleteseTeteroterstexctelaveters 257 Of the Daily Means, «-+--:sscs-seeeceeseeeseessesseeseeeeeeescetsee eset aeeeeeeesseneeeesenees 258 Extreme Values of the Diurnal Ranges,::+-+++:+eresseeeeeereeeseeeeea eset eeeseeeeeeseeeeees 259 INCLINOMETER— Monthly Means of the Observed Magnetic Dip, -+++-+++++-1:sssesseetrsrsececeeeeeeeeseeeee 959 ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVA- TONG) cas siisattie Sisades tesssuasdadens's sonenRa dee tct2 eee ae nse eee ce re eee 261 TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR— Annual Variations -s.0.5<0+-ssc0eesoceeese co s-cetaest¢ensnacemee ce eeasnazn: ices cece eens 263 Diurnal: Variation,--.-----2--.000s21cceeenseesotn or sescnsieeesneenncecnonssvccne carers eneineeseants 264 Approximations to the Monthly Means from Two Observations, +-+---+++++++++++00005 265 Ditwnall Ranges ----- 0™, Bifilar Reading, for 557:2 read 537:2 — 41, 95 0m, Balance Reading, for 80°63 read 8063 — 44, 19> 5™, Bifilar Reading, for 815-1 read 515-1 — 44, 18 10™, Declination Reading, for 15°54 read 17°56 — 46, 144 30™, Bifilar Reading, for 217:2 read 517-2 — 54, Mar. 747» 53m, Balance Reading, for 004:1 read 1004-1 — 54, Mar. 748 13m, Balance Reading, for 1976°7 read 976-7 — 54, Mar. 124 75 15™, Balance Minute of Observation, place 15 before 1070-0 — 67, July 254 104 23m, Balance Reading, for 826°6 read 626°6 — 73, first line of figures, 8th column, for Dec. 284 2 read Dec. 284 3 — 86, Jan. 44, col. Max. and Min., for 26°5 read 34-0 ? — 146, July 214 84, col. Diff., for 3:1 read 2:9 — 170, Oct. 84 18", col. Barometer, for 30:229 read 29-229 ERRATA IN THE VOLUME OF OBSERVATIONS FOR 1841 AND 1842. Page xv., Introduction, 6th line from foot, delete between. . — XxX, lines 8 and 2 from foot, for A read A’ — Xx, — last line, after A add = 180° — A’ — XXXV,, last line but one for 2° 30’ read 12° 30’ — 187, Table ILL., delete 25° below Range. INTRODUCTION. DESCRIPTIONS OF INSTRUMENTS, ADJUSTMENTS, AND DATA FOR REDUCTIONS. § 1. PostTI0on AND DESCRIPTION OF THE OBSERVATORY. 1. The Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory at Makerstoun, in Rox- burghshire, was erected by General Sir THomMAs MAKDOUGALL BRISBANE, Bart., in the year 1841. The geographical co-ordinates are as follow :— Latitude, : ; : ‘ 55% 34) 45” N.* Longitude, : : ; : 0® 10™ 3:58 W. of Greenwich. Height of the barometer cistern above mean water at Berwick, 213 feet. The last ordinate was obtained by connecting the Astronomical Observatory with levels made from Berwick to the opposite bank of the Tweed, for a railway from Berwick to Melrose. This determination has been verified by the results of many series of barometrical observations, made simultaneously at Berwick and Holy Island by Sir T. M. BrisBaNngE, and at Makerstoun by Miss M. PrisBane. The following are examples of the results taken at random :— Height of the cistern of the barometer in Sir T. M. BrisBane’s library above mean water at Feet. Berwick, Aug. 21, 22 1837, 10 Comparisons, F se 2G Holy Island;Oct. ~9,- —4 pm. 1839, 2 ......2......%: 3 . 226-2 Octal OGG = “ORAM cre) IO) lai ac casernse ts : 5 PETS —Noon, ... (SE acme ene : mi eoicl: Ou Ee Mate rt Ec iicile se sicisetels ee : . 2293 AUS beta ROERn AG : . 220°9 Feet. Giving the results weights depending on the number of comparisons, the mean is 225°6 - The correction to the Observatory barometer cistern (by levels) : 5 . — 12:0 Height of Observatory cistern, . : : : : : : 6 : - 2136 * Ast. Nach., vol. x. p. 214. + Mem. Ast. Soc., vol, xi. p. 171. MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. c X INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Comparisons of simultaneous observations made at the Edinburgh Observatory by the late Professor HENDERSON, and at the Makerstoun Observatory, gave the difference of heights of the barometer cisterns :— Feet. Edinburgh Observatory minus Makerstoun Observatory, . 130 Height of the Edinburgh barometer cistern above mean water at Leith (by ecco) 352 Height of Makerstoun barometer cistern, : ‘ : : . aes 222 2. The Magnetic Observatory is situate nearly on the summit of a ridge, which occupies the left or northern bank of the Tweed, being 540 feet distant from, and 80 feet above that river. The Astronomical Observatory is upon the highest part of the ridge, 140 feet due west of the Magnetic Observatory. A fair horizon is seen from the Observatory hill, being bounded about 10 miles to the east by a slightly swelling ground, which, to the east-south-east, seems to join the Cheviot Hills. The view is bounded about a mile to south and south-west by a ridge, forming the right bank of the Tweed; about 500 feet to the south-west and north-west by masses of trees in the Makerstoun grounds ; and from 1 to 3 miles to north-west, north, and north-east, by an elevated ridge, which forms, to some extent, the northern boundary of the valley of the Tweed. From north, by the east, to the south, the elevation of the horizon, with a slight exception, is under 2°; from the north to the north-west, increasing from 2° to 4°; from the north-west to the south-west, the tops of the trees are elevated from 5° to 8°; and from the south-west to the south the eleva- tion is under 4°. The highest point of the Cheviots, which is 2656 feet above the level of the sea, is about 18 miles to the east-south-east ; it is occasionally referred to in the meteorological remarks on clouds. 3. The Observatory hill, it is believed, is composed of felspathic trap. The Tweed, immediately to the south, and for a mile to the east and west, flows more or less through this rock, which does not appear upon any part of the hill. The opening for a foundation to the Observatory shewed only masses of rolled pebbles, and boulders of greywacke and trap. 4. The Observatory is rectangular in its plan, 40 feet by 20 feet internally. It is formed of wood ; copper nails were used; and iron carefully excluded from every part of the structure. The pillars for the magnetometers and telescopes are of stone, from 22 inches to 19 inches in diameter, and are placed upon excellent stone foundations, completely disconnected with the floor, and every part of the building. By a reference to the plan and elevation, the follow: ing details will be understood. (Plate I.) There are two windows to the south, with the door between ; and three to the north, which open like folding doors. The dimensions of the principal apartment are, 40 feet long, 12 feet broad, and 12 feet high. The two ante-rooms are each L5 feet long, 7 feet broad, and 12 feet high. The instruments are indicated in the plan as follows :— SYSTEM OF OBSERVATION, AND PERSONAL ESTABLISHMENT. Xi D, The Declinometer. t, Its Reading Telescope. A, The Azimuth Circle and Transit. H, The Bifilar or Horizontal Force Magnetometer. t’, Its Reading Telescope. P, A Pillar for a Collimator (not used). V, The Balance or Vertical Force Magnetometer. I, The Inclinometer. B, The Standard Barometer. W, The Anemometer. W’, The Wind Vane Dial-Plate. T, The Thermometer Case. C, The Mean Time Clock. S, The Copper Stove. ns, The Astronomical Meridian. Dt, The Magnetical Meridian. The two vanes to the right in the elevation are those for the direction and force of the wind ; the other two were added after 1843. § 2. SysTEM OF OBSERVATION, AND PERSONAL ESTABLISHMENT. 5. The system of observation followed in 1841 and 1842 consisted of four daily observations of the magnetical and meteorological instruments, at the hours of 8 and 11 a.m., and 2 and 5 P.m., hours recommended by Dr Lioyp for one per- manent observer ;* of term observations, made once a month for 24 hours; of observations of magnetic dip ; and of extra magnetical observations, made during marked magnetic disturbances. The personal establishment in 1841 and 1842 con- sisted of one permanent observer, and three assistants on term-days. It seemed desirable to render the daily observations somewhat more complete ; and as this would also necessarily entail a greater amount of labour in reductions, Sir THomMas BRISBANE, on my suggestion, through Professor ForBEs, and with his advice, added another permanent observer to the establishment. Mr JoHn WELSH, a student in Arts of the Edinburgh University, was appointed in the end of December 1842. The term-assistants in 1843 were Messrs Hoce and Dons, who assisted in the pre- vious year. In 1843, the daily observations were made at every even hour of Got- tingen mean time, from 6 A.M. till 10 P.M., or at every two hours, from 5" 10™ a.m. till 9° 10™ p.m., Makerstoun mean time. The other observations consisted of term- * The observer had also the charge of a Transit Instrument, and of several Sidereal Clocks, which were compared daily. X11 INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. day and extra magnetical and meteorological observations, of observations of mag- netic dip, and of the absolute horizontal magnetic force. It will be allowable for me to express here, how much I owe, in the conduct of the Observatory, to the unceasing kindness of its founder and supporter, Sir THomas BRISBANE, as well as to his suggestions, and his uniform attention to every proposal that might in any way tend to the advancement of science. I owe a like acknow- ledgment to Professor J. D. Forpes, and also to Dr H. Lioyp. § 3. DECLINOMETER. 6. The declination magnetometer was obtained from Gruss of Dublin. The magnet is 15 inches long, § inch broad, and 4 inch thick. It fits into a stirrup, whose two eyes receive an axle attached to the suspension thread. Near the north extremity, it carries a scale divided on glass; near the other (about 12 inches, the focal length, distant from the scale) a lens of 14 inch diameter. A marble slab, cemented to the top of the declinometer-pillar, carries two copper tubes, 35 inches long, which are connected at the top by a mahogany tie, bearing the torsion-circle and the suspension apparatus; and, about 7 inches from the slab, by another wooden cross-piece, which supports a giass tube enclosing the suspension thread ; the latter cross-piece, together with two glazed lids, fitting on a wooden drum, com- pletes the enclosure of the suspended magnet, and of the copper ring used for check- ing the vibrations of the magnet. There are two glazed apertures in the sides of the box; one to the north, where a small mirror throws in light upon the glass scale ; the other to the south, between the lens and the reading telescope. Previously to September 1843, the glazed lids fitted loosely on the box, and the latter did not rest closely on the marble slab, so that the magnet was probably affected by exter- nal currents of air, In June 1843, a rectangular pasteboard box, open at the ex- tremities, was placed within the cylindrical box and round the magnet, which would have some effect im destroying internal currents: in September 1843, a wooden box was substituted, formed of two pieces fitting into each other in the middle by a groove and tongue, glazed at the extremities, and having only a small aperture for the suspension thread: at the same time, all the joints of the outer box, as well as the lower edge of the inner box, were covered with velvet, and the boxes were pressed firmly against the marble slab by means of leaden weights, which were pre- viously determined to have no effect on the position of the magnet. In order, also, to destroy any effect of radiation in the formation of aérial currents, both boxes were covered with gilt paper, internally and externally. 7. The pillar of the azimuth circle and transit used for determinations of the absolute declination, is between the pillars of the magnetometer and its reading telescope. The theodolite is by Troucuron; the cirele is 15 inches in dia- DECLINOMETER. xu ~ meter, is divided to 5 minutes, and is read to 5 seconds with the three verniers. By some accident, the circle has probably been flattened on one side, as there the verniers enter rather too much on the graduations ; the error due to this is, how- ever, very small. The lines of collimation of the theodolite and reading teles- copes coincide when the middle wire of the former is made to coimcide with the ver- tical wire of the latter. The circle is retained in the same position on its pillar, but the transit telescope is removed, excepting when required for observations of absolute declination. The reading telescope is fixed to its pillar. Following are the determinations of the data requisite in reducing the observations of the decli- nometer. 8. Value of the declinometer scale divisions in angular measure. The scale generally used consists of 500 divisions ; but, during observations of absolute horizontal intensity, the magnet with this scale is removed to the uni- filar magnetometer, and a magnet with a scale of 300 divisions is substituted in the declinometer. The observations, Table 2, Introduction, for 1841-2, gave one division of the long scale = 0-’6710. Observations were also made on December 2, 4, and 5, 1843, and on October 22, 1844. The results were as follow :— Dec. 2. 1843. Two series of observations, only one vernier of the circle read. 1st series ; measures of 200 divisions; one division of the long scale = 0’-6725 eI NE a EN ONE MR AIAN. 5, ees canine aiaie s weicbeiedaidonre daticaalllile sie od evalas.en = 06725 These results were obtained after applying a correction on account of the non-coin- cidence of the graduations of the vernier with those of the circle. Dec. 4. 1843. One series; measures of 100 divisions ; one vernier read; one division of the long scale =0-'6728. Dec. 5. 1843. Before the previous observation, it was found that the lens of the collimator was somewhat loose ; it was then, it is believed, made more so. This was owing to the frame not being screwed hard up into the collar, which was now done. One series ; one vernier read ; measures of 100 divisions ; one division of the long scale _ f 06715 B. = | oer ; observer { w. Oct. 22. 1844. Owing to the difference of the results on Dec. 5. 1843, from those on the previous occasions, the following short series of observations were made with much care. All the three verniers were read, the readings being made first with the right and then with the left eye; the mean of the two being taken as the true reading. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. d XV INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE 1.—Values of one of the Long Scale Divisions. Observer W. Observer B. Mean of Value of Saale Mean of Seale Mean of Value of three _one Division. us three Division. puhree Bist Verniers. Division. Verniers. Verniers. Division. Mean of Scale three Division, Verniers. Scale Division. ° , YW , ° , uv ° 7] 55 18 46-25 54 11 34-17 | 0-67201 54 59 9-17 53 51 51-25 0-67300 54 52 22-50 53 45 7-50| 67250 55 12 4-17 54 4 50-21| 67233 55 5 20-83 53 58 2:50} 67305 54 45 38-33 53 38 25:00) 67222 1st series, observer B; one long scale division = 067247 2d series, obServer W 3 cerrersreceseeecseeeeceeeee = 067257 The adopted mean value of one division of the long scale of 500 divisions = 0°6725.* Aug. 5. 1843. A short series of observations was made to determine the value of one division of the short scale of 300 divisions. Three verniers read ; measures of 50 divisions ; one division of the short scale 2 (007504) | eB = 0°7502 5 Observer W. Noy. 29. 1843. Two series of observations were made with one vernier. The readings in the following Table are the means of the readings by Mr WELsH and myself. TABLE 2.—Values of one of the Short Scale Divisions. First Series. 1%, Second Series. Value of Scale Scale | Value of ee re ant A Vernier B. Disigconl Vernier B. | __ one Division. Scale Scale WUe U . ¢ . Division. Vernier B. Division. Vernier B. BO Division. Division. 74902 74902 74667 74967 Ist series ; one division of the short scale of 300 divisions = 0°7504 P16 1-1 0 (PR eR a RE RM an Oe = 0°7486 The adopted value of one division of the short scale = 0°7500. wy nm . , . . . . . . * The differences in the partial results, it is believed, are not due to errors of graduation of the scale, as different comparisons give different results. If oreater accuracy could be gained in the read- ings of the horizontal circle, it is obvious that the mean of the angle subtended by one or two hundred scale divisions ought not to be taken as the value of the angle subtended by one scale division. DECLINOMETER. XV 9. From the adopted values of the long and short scale divisions, the co-efti- cient for reducing divisions of the short scale to the same value as the divisions of 7500 10. Determination of the scale readings at the magnetic axis of the declinome- the long scale, is = 1-115; the reciprocal = 0-897. ter magnet. For this purpose, the scale reading is first observed with the magnet in its usual position (direct), and next with the magnet inverted, the stirrup being made with prolonged sides to admit of this inversion. Simultaneous observations of the unifilar magnetometer are made in order to eliminate the changes of declination during the intervals. When these eliminations are performed, the mean of the reading with the magnet, direct and inverted, is the reading at the magnetic axis. Increasing readings (the magnet being direct), indicate decreasing westerly decli- nation. 1. Observations with the Long Scale. May 5.1843. 1 inversal (the copper ring used) gives the zero reading, 256-87 ilasy ~ @, INGHIS\ Sa) Seocndsbanesceebacemne cose eoacscaod50a0 en boo ERED SaCH SEs eeu EEE Bere R 257-30 clligy 11@), S418). @) aeedcassdocéeSatsdes aace desc bee ocoe sr eaueG eoEan Seco e eee EE Mee EA ear 256°88 Oct. 16. 1844. In the following series the copper ring was not used. TABLE 3.—Long Scale Reading at the Magnetic Axis of the Declination Magnet. Unifilar, minus Mean of each | ab : i 129 Sc. Div., two direct, | Reading for { Position of Declinometer Unifilar reduced to the and of each Magnetic Magnet. Reading. Reading. Declinometer Direct Inverted two Axis. MINUS U. plus u. inverted. Declinometer Reading. : 3 Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Direct : 268-83 Inverted . 245-75 268-65 257-20 Direct : 4e 268-46 245-69 257-07 Inverted 13)¢ 245-63 268-53 257-08 Direct : 268-61 245-62 257-11 Inverted : $ 245-61 268-69 257-15 Direct : 268-78 245-57 257-17 Inverted : 245-53 268-72 257-12 Direct -56 268-66 245-66 257-16 Inverted L- 245-79 268-70 257-24. Direct 268-74. The mean reading of the long scale for the magnetic axis = 25714. This determination has been adopted, as the varying position of the copper ring in the other series was apt to render the results uncertain. (See No. 12.) Xvi INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. The zero used for the observations 1841 and 1842=255-2 (Introduction, 1841-2, Table 4), was used till Jan. 13. 1843, after which the previous determination was taken, as it was conceived that some change might have occurred at that date in a slight adjustment of the appendages of the magnet, made for the purpose of balanc- ing it. 2. Observations with the Short Scale. TaBLE 4.—Short Scale Reading at the Magnetic Axis of the Declination Magnet. Unifilar, minus Declinometer Readin M f | Readi 3 Xs 3 g. ean 0 eading Dat Position of Ree Unifilar bets pve two direct for ate. : . Mga Reading. Reading. Declinometer Direct Inverted was S ad eee =u. MINUS Us plus u. : 3 d. h. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Diy. Se. Div. Se. Diy. July 31 3) Direct 148-91 257-15 + 6-42 142-49 Inverted | 147-16 | 258-27 7-42 154-58 Aug. 2 0} Direct 149-24 | 260-15 9-11 140-13 Inverted | 146-37 | 259-70 8-70 154-07 Direct 144-51 257-18 6-45 138-06 Aug. 2 3] Inverted | 148-90 | 259-41 8-45 157-35 Direct 145-75 260-10 9-06 136-69 Aug. 3 0} Direct 146-06 | 259-60 8-61 137-45 Inverted 150-71 255-50 4:94 Direct 142-04 | 254-74 4.25 137-79 Aug. 3 4) Direct 142-66 | 254-28 3-84 138-82 Inverted | 149-50 | 255-46 4-90 Direct 145-78 256-74 6:05 139-73 Aug. 3 7 Direct 157-15 267-80 15-97 141-18 Inverted 136-95 268-38 16-49 Direct 157-38 267-92 16-07 141-31 Inverted | 137-51 | 266-81 15-08 Direct 155-88 266-93 15-19 140-69 The mean reading of the short scale for the magnetic axis = 147-11. Corrections to be applied to the Scale Readings at the Magnetic Awis of the Declina- tion Magnets, in order to obtain the zeros of the scales. L1. Correction for the effects of the bifilar and balance magnets on the read- ings of the declination magnet. The effect of the bifilar magnet (by Table 5. of the Introduction to the Obser- vations for 1841 and 1842, north end west) = — 0-64 long scale divisions. Sept. 4. 1843, and Jan. 25. 1844. The balance magnet was removed for the purpose of determining its temperature co-efficient. Its effect (north end east) was found = + 0°79 and + 6°80 long scale divisions, om the respective occasions. DECLINOMETER. XVll The adopted effect of both magnets, and, therefore, the correction of the scale reading at the magnetic axis for the zero, = + 0-16 long scale divisions, or + 0-14 short scale divisions. 12. Correction for the effect of the copper ring or damper. In 1843 many series of observations were made in order to determine this cor- rection ; the reading of the declination magnet was observed with the copper ring in its place, and when removed from the box. ‘The results were contradictory, being, for the effect of the copper ring, from — 1°82 to + 1°89 long scale divisions, and led to the belief that the effect was small, if anything: the differences in the results, it was presumed, were due to the currents of air generated in lifting and shutting the box, to the changes of declination occurring at the time, and to the greatly increasing arc of vibration when the ring was removed. In July 1843, after an extra declinometer was obtained (§ 4), the results were equally contradic- tory, the differences being attributed to aérial currents, as before. The result of the best observations being nearly zero, the ring was therefore allowed to remain. Oct. 7. 1844. Careful series of observations were made, every precaution was taken, with the aid of the double boxes, to prevent internal currents of air, and the position of the ring on the marble slab was marked, so that it oceupied exactly the same place after each removal. It is conceived that it was owing to a failure in the latter precaution that many of the irregularities of the previous results were due. In the following series, each of the declinometer and unifilar readings is a mean of two or three series of comparative observations, the series being made at intervals of about ten minutes. TABLE 5.—Observations to determine the effect of the Copper Ring or Damper on the Long Scale Readings of the Declination Magnet. Unifilar reading, li minus 180 Se. Div., 3 Means of two Copper Ring Declinometer reduced to Declinometer on, and of two Effect of on or away. Reading. Meclinometer: MINUS Ue away. Copper Ring, =u Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. 9-51 266-01 7:38 267-25 265-70 — 1-55 5:76 265-40 267-35 — 1-95 4-18 267-45 265-74 —1-71 1-37 266-08 267-50 — 1-42 4-02 267-54 265-96 — 1-58 3-18 265-84 267-50 — 1-66 3-16 267-46 265-60 — 1-86 4-36 265-36 267-27 —1-91 6-30 267-08 265-23 — 1-85 6-57 265-10 The mean of the partial results for the position of the ring during these obser- vations = — 1-7 long scale divisions. The position of the ring in this case, how- MAG. AND MET. OBs. 1843. é XVlil INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. ever, differed slightly from that which it was conceived the ring occupied previously , and it should be remarked that when any cause (such as elimination of the torsion of the suspension thread) rendered it necessary to remove the ring, it was replaced, by means of marks on the marble slab, very nearly in the same position. After the above series of observations, the ring was moved till its north end was 5° to the east, and its south end was 5° to the west of its usual position, when the effect of the ring was found = + 4-2 long scale divisions. Oct. 15. 1844. Observations were made with the ring in its usual position, and in the position occupied during the series of observations in Table 5, when the effect in the latter position, compared with that in the usual position, was found = — 0°8 long scale division, so that the effect of the copper ring in its usual position would = — 0:9 scale division. A single comparison with the ring in its usual position and away, gave the effect = — 1-4. 13. The adopted effect of the copper ring during 1843 = — 1-0 long scale division. As the effect of the ring varied with its position, if its position remained con- stant it would also vary with the changing declination. When the westerly declina- tion diminished, the negative effect of the copper ring would be increased, and vice versa ; but this variation would be inconsiderable for the ordinary diurnal changes. 14. Correction for the effect of the non-parallelism of the plates of glass in the declinometer boxes. The magnet being caused to rest on wooden blocks, the scale readings were observed with the glass in its usual position, reversed, and away, but no difference in the readings could be detected; the effect is therefore zero. 15. Correction for the torsion force of the suspension thread, and the prin- cipal facts relating to the latter. The errors due to the torsion force of the suspension thread are produced, first, by the magnet moving out of the plane of detorsion ; secondly, by the variation of this plane (due generally to the varying humidity of the atmosphere).* The error due to the former, even in the most marked case, is less than the probable error of observations, and it is altogether inappreciable compared with the error due to the second. If the plane of detorsion be that of the magnetic meridian, and the magnet be deflected through the are wu by turning the arms of the torsion circle w, the torsion is ww —w, and the ratio wu _ __ torsion force for an arc = radius eeky w—u earth’s mag. foree xX mag. moment of the bar * This source of error was removed to a considerable extent in January 1844, by placing a thick cotton cover oyer the whole declinometer. t+ The symbols used in the “ Report of the Committee of Physics and Meteorology of the Royal Society,” and by Dr H. Luoyp, are generally adopted in this volume. DECLINOMETER. X1X is the quantity by which the deviations of the magnet from the plane of detorsion should be multiplied, to obtain the decrements due to torsion. If n be the observed deviation, (1 a) n = the true deviation. Following are the observations for the H : , value of —; no use has been made of them for this correction. EF 3 ° i) Jan. 1322", 1843. Areo1 w= { see are-lu= ee ; mean value of =0:00154. co} Pr, ANTES (se nce Are-1 » = { Pee aCe ie ash ; mean value of =0:00147. Ly 16. The second and most important error due to the torsion force is that pro- duced by the varying plane of detorsion. Unless when the period and extent of change is known, it can only be corrected practically. This is done occasionally in the following manner :—The magnet being removed, a brass bar of nearly the same dimensions and weight being suspended, and the box being completely closed, the extremities of the are of vibration are observed through the glazed lid. The marble slab beneath having radii drawn for every 5° on each side of the magnetic meridian, the position of rest being estimated, its deviation from the magnetic meridian is known, and the arms of the torsion circle are turned an equal amount in the oppo- ‘site direction. Much care and time were bestowed on these observations, the ex- tremities of at least two vibrations beimg observed, so that the torsion might be as completely eliminated as possible. Some annoyance was experienced by the break- ing of the suspension thread, which was formed of 20 fibres of untwisted silk. The necessity of removing the magnet for the purpose of eliminating the torsion, was, it is believed, occasionally a source of it, owing to the difficulty of holding the thread with a force exactly equal to the weight of the magnet till the suspension of the brass bar, and the consequent liability to strain, or by loosening, to alter the dispo- sition of the fibres ; but much graver errors would have been introduced by leaving the magnet wholly untouched. 17. The principal facts relating to the suspension thread. Jan. 2° 21". 1843. The plane of detorsion was found + 26° from the magnetic meridian (reckoning deviations to the east of the magnetic north positive). This change, since December 20. 1842, it is probable, was produced in taking out the magnet and inserting the brass bar, as it was found that a fibre of the suspension thread was then broken ; another fibre was probably broken on again inserting the magnet, as on Jan. 6. 1843, the error of the plane of detorsion was found + 30° ; the broken fibres were withdrawn on Jan. 13, and the torsion eliminated. May 264 3". Two fibres of the suspension thread were found broken ; the tor- sion was eliminated. June 16° 2". Three fibres of the suspension thread were found broken ; all the broken fibres were removed from the thread, and the torsion was eliminated. XX INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. a> June 224 9" 5™, About the termination of the term observations it was dis- covered that three fibres of the suspension thread were broken ; when the box covers were removed, the stirrup of the magnet was found resting on the copper ring. The observations for some time before this was noticed were found valueless ; and it is probable that they were affected by a varying torsion force throughout the day. June 224 22", While taking out the magnet and suspending the brass bar, the suspension thread broke fibre by fibre. A new suspension thread was prepared a week ago in the following manner :—A quantity of the compound silk fibre, about 23 times the length of the desired suspension thread, was run several times from one extremity to the other, between the thumb and index, until almost all the twist which the fibres receive in reeling was removed ;* the fibre was then wound side by side round two pins, placed at the required distance in such a manner that no twist was introduced in the winding; a weight was then suspended by the lower ex- tremity of the loop thus formed, so as to allow the fibres to take the same length, the torsion was so small that the weight did not revolve above 180°. After hang- ing thus for a week, the thread was to-day placed in the declinometer, great care being taken in pegging the extremity, and in winding up to keep the fibres in their respective positions ; this thread was not tied throughout its length, as in the pre- vious case several of the breaks were observed to occur at one of the lower ties. June 29. It was found that several trials gave different positions for the plane of detorsion. June 292 23". The plane of detorsion was found to have varied — 74°; this was eliminated. 'The brass bar was then lifted two or three times, so as to loosen the fibres, after which the error of the plane of detorsion was found — 26°; this was algo eliminated, and the bar again lifted, when another trial gave the error of the plane of detorsion — 205°. After elimination the magnet was inserted. 3043, The magnet being removed, and the brass bar inserted, the error of the plane of detor- sion was found + 544°, which was eliminated. It was quite evident that the fibres took different relative positions too easily, so that, in exchanging the brass bar for the magnet, or vice versa, considerable torsion might be introduced. At 30% 74, the thread was removed from the declinometer, and suspended on a pin, with the brass bar attached. When the latter came to rest, the thread was tied firmly (but not too tightly) at half-a-dozen places throughout its length with pieces of cotton thread ; the suspension thread was then replaced in the instrument, and, after careful wind- ing up, the torsion was eliminated. This thread, composed of 22 fibres, has an- swered well, improving as it got older. The greater changes of the plane of detor- sion will be found generally connected with some cause stated in the notes to the Daily Observations of Magnetometers. 18. Accidental sources of error. lhe fibre is termed untwisted silk; it is not, however, free of twist, as a slight examination will shew. DECLINOMETER. Xxl March 29. 1843. A small magnet, intended to be placed in the brass bar to facilitate the determination of the plane of detorsion, but which was never used, was found in the writing-desk ; the latter occupied a position to the east of the reading telescope of the declinometer, except on term-days, when, for convenience, it was moved to a position nearly midway between the declination and balance mag- netometers. In the usual position of the desk, the greatest effect of the small mag- net, on the reading of the declination magnet, might be from — 02 to + 02; and during term-days from + 11 to — 11. It is probable that the magnet remained in the same position in the desk, and, therefore, the effect would be constant for each position of the desk. The large copper stove, occupying the position S in the plan, was removed early in 1844. Its effect was tried on the balance needle, by approaching and re- moving it, and was found to be nothing. 19. From Nos. (11) and (13) we find the following corrections to be applied to the scale readings at the magnetic axis of the declination magnet, in order to obtain the readings which shall be used as the zeros of the scales :— Reading of the long scale at the magnetic axis, ue Gwe SEZ Correction for the effect of the bifilar and balance magnet (11), + 0:16 Correction for the effect of the copper ring or damper (13), — 100 Adopted zero for the long scale, . . . . ... . 256°30 Reading of the short scale at the magnetic axis, . . . . . . I4711 Correction for the effect of the bifilar and balance magnet (11), + 0:14 Correction for the effect of the copper ring or damper (13), — 0-90 Adopted zero for the short scale,. . . . . . +. 146°35 20. Time of vibration of the declination magnet with the long scale. The mean of 4 series of observations, given in the Introduction for 1841-2 (22), gives one vibration in 17°84, The following series were made in 1843 :— Gh 1G S. Feb. 28 0. 382 vibrations, the observations made at the extremities of the ares, give a mean of 17-64 90000 000000000 4\()) copdadosdo00 don cabdavasbHdabcobpadoopaodoadoUGGGs 7 1saKo lol ks) Deecceconcaccoccerssecessccesves 14 +G4 March 1 eyo errataratelerametentevare elticielsleraie creisiolcinetelcn inet ofsleslalsiersiciels CRT CMIULLES osieiicieiartensieleleisicieisieleieieisielsieielsieisis.e 17-81 scanheng aa OAM eLE LRN UNu se nee MMMM RREE ME LL middlail, lose cduccedendncserbesledeedsdeseee oh TOL April V7 8. 2D ccvcccnsnsee seccccnscccsacscccccercrccsesscrecces OXLTEMIEIC Se ceeisislelses sineis'es elaisle’e sleie\elsleicisiciele ele 17-93 The last series was not considered good ; the mean of the first ten vibrations of the series gives 17°85. 21. The observations of the declinometer are made in the following manner :— The points of the scale which coincide with the vertical wire of the reading tele- MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. ip XX INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. scope are noted 18 seconds before the minute of observation, at the minute, and 18 seconds after the minute ; the scale readings at these periods being a, 6, and ¢, a+2b+e ey eee 22. All the observations of declination in this volume are absolute. They are rendered so as follows :— The middle wire of the theodolite telescope is brought to coincide with the ver- tical wire of the fixed reading telescope (7); the three verniers of the horizontal circle are then read; the theodolite telescope is turned (on the vertical axis of the circle) until its middle wire coincides with the vertical line on the north meridian mark of Sir THomAs BrISBANE’S (the western) transit in the Astronomical Obser- vatory, and the verniers are again read. In order to obtain the reading of the horizontal circle for the astronomical meridian, the theodolite telescope was placed as nearly as possible in the meridian, and being accurately levelled, the time of the sun’s transit was observed by the Magnetic Observatory clock. The sun’s meridian passage was also observed by Sir THOMAS BRISBANE with his western transit in the Astronomical Observatory, and the clocks in the two observatories being immediately compared, the true time of transit by the clock in the Magnetic Observatory was obtained. The difference, if any, between the true and observed times, was due to error of azimuth; the latter, the mean is deduced by the formula being very small, was obtained from the former in multiplying by the factor, cosine sun’s declination cosine sun’s altitude 23. If A’ be the difference of the horizontal circle readings for the fixed tele- scope and for the north mark, Z be the azimuth of the north mark, and D be the angle at any instant contained by the line of collimation of the reading telescope and the adopted zero scale reading, the true westerly declination at that time will be 180°— A'+Z+D. The values of 180° — A’=A, obtained in 1843, are given in the following Table :— UNIFILAR MAGNETOMETER. XXlll TABLE 6.—Determinations of the Value of Angle A. Readings of Horizontal Circle For Declination Telescope. | For North Mark. Verniers. | Verniers. Mean. Mean. BS yi ig 3: / " / 52 5-0, 52 52 10-0) 52 52 0-0| 51 52 1-2 | 51 52 2.5| 52 Bl 52:5) 51 52 10-0| 52 52 40-0| 52 53 175 | 52 The mean value of angle A=23° 50’ 8°4. The value of angle Z, by the observations, Table 8, Introduction 1841-2, tlds 30 0. Whence A + Z = 25° 27’ 47"-2 = 25° 27'-79 (25° 27'-75 was used), which is the absolute westerly declination corresponding to the long scale reading (as corrected, No. 19.), 256-30, and to the short scale reading (as corrected, No. 19.) 146°35. For other scale readings, differing from these zeros by the angular quantity + D, the declination is obtained as indicated above. Tables have been formed from the above, and the known angular values of the scale divisions (8.), by means of which the scale readings observed are at once converted into the absolute westerly declination. § 4. UNIFILAR MAGNETOMETER AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL INTENSITY OF THE EartuH’s MAGNETISM. 24. In the beginning of April 1843 two small wooden houses were erected about 19 yards to the north of the Magnetic Observatory; the larger of the houses contains the unifilar magnetometer and the dip circle, and the smaller, which is 10 feet to SSE. of the larger, contains a reading telescope for the magnetometer. The instru- ments were in their positions in June, and the first observation of the absolute hori- zontal intensity was made in August. 25. The unifilar magnetometer rests on a strongly braced wooden stand, which is fixed by copper battens and plaster of paris to a stone slab, resting on a stone XXIV INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. foundation separated from the floor; the top block of the stand, a solid piece of mahogany, carries a vertical box enclosing the suspension thread and supporting the torsion circle, this box is open on two opposite sides near the stand top; a hori- zontal box slides on the vertical one, and when close to the stand top the magnet is completely enclosed ; an internal box was afterwards added, and all the precautions already indicated (6.) for the declinometer were taken. The magnet used when observations of absolute horizontal intensity were made was that usually in the declinometer, a spare magnet being fitted with a short scale (8.) was substituted for it; the telescope (that intended for a collimator to the bifilar) was placed in the smaller wooden house, on a stand in all respects similar to that for the unifilar: the two houses were connected, during observations, in the line of collimation of the telescope and magnet by a wooden tube blackened within. A beam of straight well seasoned fir, 11 feet long, 32 inches broad, and 12 inches thick, was placed on each side (outside) of the larger wooden house, in the line passing through the centre of the suspended magnet, and at right angles to the magnetic meridian ; each beam was let into the tops of two strongly braced wooden trestles, 7 feet apart, which rested on wooden posts driven into the ground, and which were fixed to the latter by catch pins, allowing a slight adjustment for the distance of the beams from the magnet; the trestles and beams being removed after each observation. The beams were carefully divided with the aid of a brass standard yard made by Messrs TROUGHTON and SruMs; the graduations were adjusted to their distance from the suspended magnet in the following manner :—a well seasoned fir rod, shod with brass at one extremity, and terminated at the other by a capstan-headed screw, by which the rod was accurately adjusted to a length of six feet, was passed through holes in the sides of the wooden house and unifilar box ; the middle of the rod coin- ciding with the suspension thread, the catch pins of the trestles were then loosened or forced in till the extremities of the six feet rod coincided accurately with the divi- sion 3 feet on each beam. The deflecting magnet was adjusted to the graduations on the beams with the aid of a lens; in 1844 the graduations were marked on brass pin heads placed in the beams. The fixidity of the trestles was verified in general after each observation, and the accuracy of the graduations on the beams was veri- fied usually before each observation. 26. ‘The value of the absolute horizontal intensity is determined from the ob- servations as follows:—if 7» be the distance at which the centre of the deflecting magnet is placed on the wooden beam (in the direction of the central line of the beams), and w be the corresponding angle through which the suspended magnet is deflected, then 1 ea le es 1 x2 i eae where m is the magnetic moment of the deflecting bar, X the absolute horizontal UNIFILAR MAGNETOMETER. xxv intensity in terms of the units used, and p’ and gq’ quantities depending on the mode of distribution of magnetism in the magnets. The term tan w is obtained from the formula oe tn ie tock) =a @, aes) | { ily =| [1+e (—4) +h (0,~ 500) | where uw, and ,w are the observed mean readings of the unifilar magnetometer, the deflecting bar, with its north pole towards the east, being at the distance r to the east and west respectively of the suspended magnet; similarly, w, and ,u are the readings when the deflecting bar, at the distance 7, has its north pole towards the west ; d,, ,d, &c. are the simultaneous readings of the declinometer corresponding to u,, uv, &c.; f=1-115 is the co-efficient for reducing the scale values of the decli- nometer to those of the unifilar; a@ is the angular value of one scale division of the ; H : : unifilar ; € alg >) =1-00212 is the torsion factor ; g=0-000288 the temperature co- efficient for the deflecting bar (60.); ¢, and ¢, its temperature at deflection for the distance 7 and for vibration, respectively ; & the co-efficient for reducing the scale divisions of the bifilar magnetometer to parts of horizontal force ; 6, the bifilar mag- netometer mean scale reading during deflection at the distance r. 27. The comparative observations for w and d were rendered simultaneous, thus : The times of vibration of the unifilar and declination magnet being nearly the same, the time at which the unifilar magnet attained one extremity of its are of vibration was instantly indicated by me to Mr WELSH, who could observe my motions through one of the north windows of the Observatory. He immediately commenced counting the beats of the mean time clock, and at the end of the 18th second (the time of one vibration) both observers commenced making readings of the magnetometers ; those by Mr WEtsH being made at the end of the 18th, 36th, 54th, &c., seconds, and those by myself at the extremities of the arcs of vibration. From 7 to 12 con- secutive readings were made thus at every position of the deflecting bar, and from these the mean readings are deduced. In order to render the arcs of vibration of the unifilar as small as possible, the deflecting bar was at first moved gradually up to its nearest distance (5 feet); in placing it at the next distance, it was moved rapidly nearly half way, and 18 seconds counted, when it was immediately shifted to the other half. When the farthest distance was attained, it was placed vertically, and after 18 seconds, laid down in the reverse position ; it was then moved as before, by half-shifts, to its next position, and so up to the nearest. After comparative readings for that position, the magnet was again placed vertically, and carried to the beam on the opposite side of the suspended magnet ; at the end of 36 seconds * The fofmula actually used was tan {a (wu, +&c.)}, as it was considered more convenient and sufficiently exact for such small deflections, especially when the method of determining @ was taken into consideration. (See note to No. 8.) MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. g XXV1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. it was laid down at the same distance, and with the north pole in the same direc- tion as before. In general, the vibrations were small, seldom above 10’; when larger, it was checked by slightly approaching or removing the deflecting bar at proper times, with reference to the directions in which the suspended magnet was moving. Mr Wetsu observed the bifilar magnetometer before and after each com- parison, and I observed the temperature of the deflecting bar after each comparison by means of a thermometer lying beside it.* 28. After the deflection observations, the deflecting bar was vibrated in the declinometer box ; it was suspended in a stirrup of silk of the same kind as that of the suspension thread, a small slip of paper was gummed to the extremity next the telescope, and the transits of the slip were observed. The following equation is then obtained :— mX= ay {14k (0-500) } i : é , 24.62 : where K is the moment of inertia of the magnet = = M, a being the length of the magnet = 1-25 feet, 6 the breadth = 0-0719 feet, M the mass = 6216-7 grains. m, the ratio of the circumference to the diameter = 3:1416, T, the true time of 5 aia: : . : : observation = 'T’ (1 i age T’ being the observed time of one vibration, as already defined (15.) and determined from the value 0-001465 for the declina- tion magnet thus; the moments of the declination magnet and deflecting bar are 1-000 were ae sel eo oondes 0-940" the value of r for the deflecting bar is therefore = 0042 = 0:0015562, as a and a’ are the semiares of vibration at the commencement and termination of the observations of vibration. The factor ¢1+k (b—500)i is the reduction of the value of X to the bifilar reading 500, 6 being the mean bifilar reading during vi- brations. The temperature of the bar during vibrations is observed, and the value of m is reduced to this temperature in the formula for deflections. 29. Observations of deflection were made on August 12 and 21, November 8 and 14, and on December 18. The observations on August 21 and November 8 were reduced by the method of least squares, the equations of condition having the form Dive, 1 mm —14+54+4+-.—.- ==0 IC pe mieR SW ean NIWA) He eD< SN ee ; nates APUR Anan = hs ayeya oa Tt was soon found that good observations could only be obtained on cloudy days, as the sun heated the building on cloudless days to such an extent as to produce internal aérial currents. On account of the manipulations with the deflecting bar being performed outside, rainy days would not do, and it was found ysipablo « ave « er at) .y Ne y r P » sjtu for . } desirablo that the days should be ealm ; independently, then, of the necessity for a magnetic calm, there was requisite for a good observation a day cloudy, dry, and calm: UNIFILAR MAGNETOMETER. XXVll The following Table contains the results of the equations for the different values of r. Aug. 21, —=2:88977 ; p= —0-1325 ; = —1-0574. Noy. 8, x “* =2-90250; p= —0-1013; g—= —2°8539. TABLE 7.—Results of the Equations of Condition. August 21, November 8. T bes = Results. Results. Feet. 5-00 +0-000002 —0-000051 5-25 + 0-000359 5:50 +0-000163 — 0-000275 6:00 — 0-000756 — 0-:000495 6-50 — 0-000610 +0-000144. 7-00 —0-000091 +0-001098 7-50 — 0-000556 — 0-000788 8-00 + 0-002780 8-50 +0-000631 9-00 — 0-001908 9-50 — 0-000333 August 12, November 14, and December 18 ;* on the first of these days deflections were made at three distances, and on the other two at four distances. ‘The results of the equations are as follow: TABLE 8.—Results of the Equations for August 12, November 14, and August 12. December 18. December 18. ™m ae 2:8928 2:8701 2-8662 28677 2:8688 2.8890 2-8738 2-8676 2-8745 2:8682 28762 * This method was recommended by Mr Atry (Proceedings of the Committee of Physics of the Royal Society, No. 1.) The results for Nov. 14 and Dec. 18, by the approximate formula (31.), shew to some extent how far it may be depended on. to temperature experiments between Nov. 8th and 14th. It should be remembered that the magnet was subjected XXVlil INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. 31. The observations, November 14 and December 18, have also been com- puted by the approximate formula in which q’ is neglected and p’ eliminated, namely, m fr, tanu,—r tanw DF 2 (r?—1) the results are as follow: Nov. 14. 7,=5-125 feet, r=6-750 feet ; x = 2.8762 i Mean — = 2.8726 m x r, = 5-250 feet, += 7-000 feet ; Xomi 2.8691 Dec. 18. 1,=5-000 feet, r= 6-625 feet; x = 2.8444 Pi ; Mean x= 2.8619 7, = 5-250 feet, r= 7-000 feet ; = = 2.8795 32. The following Table contains the values of ss of m X obtained by the for- mula, No. 28, from the Observations, pages 83 and 84, and the consequent values of m and X, together with the weight of the final results deduced from the formula Number of partial results Mean of the squares of the partial results minus the square of the mean’ Weight = TABLE 9.—Results of the observations for the Absolute Horizontal Intensity, reduced to the Bifilar Magnetometer reading 500. Temperature Number of of m Results. | Deflecting Bx Magnet. m X. 4 , Weight. o 3 69-6 2-8928 33-2505 9.8075 10 61-1 2.8898 33-4536 9-8322 43:3 2:9025 33-4698 9:8563 41-1 2:8682 33-1440 9-7501 46:3 28762 33-1695 9-7675 Results from the approximate formula. 41-1 2:8726 33-1440 9-7576 46:3 2:8619 33-1695 9-7431 Giving the determinations of X, values corresponding to their weights, the re- sulting value is X = 3:39762 the bifilar magnetometer reading 500 scale divisions. BIFILAR OR HORIZONTAL FORCE MAGNETOMETER. XX1x § 5. Brrinar or HorizontaL ForcE MAGNETOMETER. 33. This instrument was made by Gruss of Dublin, and is similar, in its gene- ral construction, to the declinometer. An inner box was applied on September 26, 1843 ; both boxes were gilt, externally and internally, and their joints covered with velvet. The magnet, whose dimensions are 15 inches, inch and + inch, is placed in a stirrup, which carries below it a lens and glass scale connected by a tube; the glass scale has 280 divisions, and the graduation at the 300th division, and increas- ing readings indicate increasing force ; the axle of a grooved wheel fits into the sus- pension eyes of the stirrup, the whole being borne by a silver wire passing round the grooved wheel, and having its two extremities fixed to a suspension roller ; the roller is supported by the torsion circle, which also bears beneath the roller a mi- crometer-headed screw, right-handed where it meets one wire (or portion of the wire), and left-handed where it meets the other. The screw serves to render the distance of the wires at the top equal to the distance at the grooved wheel. A copper ring encircles the magnet in order to check the vibrations. A thermometer by Ross, with a bulb 0:5 inch in diameter, is inclosed in a glass tube, and is fitted into the lid of the magnetometer box, leaving the bulb below, and the stem and scale above. This thermometer was intended to give the temperature of the magnet, but it was evident (especially while the box was imperfectly closed) that the temperature of the bar and of the air might differ considerably. In order to avoid this source of error, I had a thermometer made by Messrs ADIE and Son, whose bulb rested in a cup, in a brass bar of the same dimensions as the magnet, and was covered loosely by a small brass cap. The following comparisons were made of the indications of the two thermometers, the box being in its original state, and the rise of the tem- perature considerable. From these comparisons, the necessity of some method which will give the temperature of the bar is at once obvious. As the thermometer by ADIE is only partially in contact with the metal, it may be considered more as an indication of the temperature of the surface than of the interior of the bar. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. h XXX INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE 10.—Comparisons of the Thermometers with the Bulb free, and with the Bulb in a brass bar. Gottingen Thermometer. Mean Time. ; Difference. Ross. Adie. 1844. denen. oc ° ° Jan. 2 21 30-9 30-7 0-2 22 31:3 31-0 0-3 23 331 Opa eemonkes) 0-4 Jan. 3 0 33-9 | 33-0 0-9 1 38-9 37:6 1-3 2 42-3 41-0 1-3 3 44-7 43-0 17. 4 45-6 44-0 1:6 5 45-9 | 44-5 1-4 6 46-0 44-9 1-1 7 46-1 45-0 1-1 8 45-9 44-9 1-0 11 45-0 44-3 0:7 34. In the adjustment of the instrument, the magnet is forced to a position at right angles to the magnetic meridian, by turning the arms of the torsion circle. As, in forcing the magnet from the meridian, the upper extremities of the wire will move through a greater angle than the lower extremities, the wires will be no longer vertical, and the magnet and appendages will be raised ; the forces producing equi- librium will, therefore, be the weight suspended endeavouring to attain the lowest point, and the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic intensity acting on the free magnetism of the bar. 35. If vu be the excess of the angular motion of the arms of the torsion circle, or upper extremities of the wire, over w, that of the lower extremity or magnetic bar in moving the latter from the meridian, the equation of equilibrium will be B > e AS m X sin uw = W “7 Sine. m, X, W, a, and J being respectively the magnetic moment of the bar, the hor- zontal component of the earth’s magnetic force, the weight suspended, the interval, and the length of the wires. The differential of this equation (#=90°) divided by it, Qives AX ~ = na cotv + ¢(Q + 2e —e’) X n being the number of scale divisions from the zero, or scale reading when w=90"" a the are value in parts of radius of one scale division, ¢ the number of degrees Mahrenheit which the temperature of the maguet is above the adopted zero, Q the BIFILAR OR HORIZONTAL FoRCE MAGNETOMETER. XXX1 coefficient of the temperature correction for the varying magnetic moment of the Am : . . bar or the value of a for 1° Fahr., e and e’ the coefficients of expansion for the brass of the grooved wheel and silver of the wires. 36. The observations in this volume are given in scale divisions, and are cor- q a coty rected by the coefficient = q being the total temperature coefficient ; the abstracts are then obtained from the formula = = na cot v where n is the number of scale divisions corrected for temperature as above. 37. The following are the adjustments and values of the constants. The angular value of one scale division of the bifilar magnetometer = 1/1223 (See Table 10, Introduction, 1841-2); increasing readings indicate increasing force. The value of q, the total coefficient of the temperature correction, = 0-000247 (a) 38. It having been suspected that the zero of the scale (the scale reading when u=90°) had altered in some way since last adjustment on Oct. 20. 1841 (Introduc- tion, 1841-2, p. xxviii.), the following observations were made April 274 2" 39". Bifilar scale reading 196°9. 2" 44™. Bifilar scale reading 196-6; the magnet was then removed carefully, and the equivalent brass weight substituted. The torsion circle was then turned from the reading vernier A 289° 10’ to A 358° 16’, or through 69° 6’, the previous value of v (Introduction, 1841-2, p- Xxvili.), when the scale should have read 150, instead of which it read 212°2. As it seemed possible that this difference might be due to pressure exerted on the wires in withdrawing the magnet and substituting the weight, the magnet was again in- serted in the stirrup, the weight being removed, and the torsion circle turned till it read A 289° 10’, when the scale read 297. It was therefore evident that the pre- vious difference might be due in some way to the manipulation it was necessary, however, to go through the adjustment anew. After several trials the scale reading was found to read the same whether the brass weight or magnet was suspended, when the torsion circle read A 87° 30’. The weight being suspended, the torsion circle was turned 90°, when it read A 357° 30’. The collimator was then turned by its independent motion till the scale read 200. The magnet being again suspended, the scale reading was found 200 when the tor- sion circle was turned 69° 45’, it then read A 287° 45’. April 284 0" 20™. As the zero of the scale, 200, was taken too high, the adjust- ment was again performed. Bifilar scale reading 200. The magnet being withdrawn, the brass weight sus- pended, and the arms of the torsion circle turned from A 287° 45’ to A 357° 30’, the scale reading was found 199, so that the wires had not been affected in the previous adjustment. The collimator was then turned till the scale read 148, this being the mean of several readings; the magnet was again suspended, and the torsion circle XXX11 INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. turned through 69° 44’, reading A 287° 44’, the scale reading being 148. The westerly declination during adjustment was 25° 28’. November 84 21" 20". The bifilar magnet was removed in order to determine its temperature correction ; the brass weight being substituted, the arms of the torsion circle were turned from A 287° 44’ to A 357° 30’, when the collimator scale read 157-5, or 9°5 scale divisions greater than on April 28, the westerly declination being 25° 20’. As it is necessary to determine the changes of horizontal force during the observations for the temperature correction, the magnet used for deflections in ob- servations of absolute horizontal intensity was substituted. The moment of this bar was found too great for grooved wheel No. 8, previously in use (Introduction, 1841-2. 30.), wheel No. 9 was substituted, whose diameter = 0°459 inch; as the diameter of wheel No. 8 = 0-409 inch, and the value of one division of the micro- meter-headed screw = 0°0005194 inch, the wires were rendered parallel by turning the micrometer head through 96 divisions. The brass weight being suspended, the scale reading was 128-5 Whe Magnets: ets. cscrsecsee neteesedeaceeciesencet mete ceeen 126-0 The weight being suspended, the arms of the torsion circle were turned through 90°, when it read, vernier A 178° 0’, B 358° 0’; the collimator was then turned by its independent motion till the scale reading was 143; the magnet was suspended, and the scale reading was found 142 when the arms of the torsion circle were turned through 55° 17’5, the circle reading A 122° 415, B 302° 43”. November 10° 6". The temperature experiments having been made, the de- flecting bar in the bifilar magnetometer was removed, and the arms of the torsion circle were turned from B 302° 43’ to B 358° nearly, when the scale reading was 143, as in the previous adjustment. Wheel No. 9 was removed, and No. 8 substituted, the micrometer head being turned backwards through 96 divisions. The bifilar magnet being suspended, the scale reading was 93 he ibrass: weighty. cecctnosesescnpistccntciseeceoe maccecdteeeces 96 the arms of the torsion circle were turned through 90°, when the reading was B fa) ? te) 358° 35°; the collimator was turned by its independent motion till the scale reading was 172-4, the magnet was inserted and the arms of the torsion circle turned through 68° 18’, when the torsion circle reading was B 290° 17’, and the scale reading 173°. ? fe) ? eo) The bifilar thermometer 42°-4, and the absolute westerly declination 25° 18’. 39. The following are the values of v, of k = a cot v, and of q’ =. with the periods to which they apply in 1843. BIFILAR OR HORIZONTAL FoRCcE MAGNETOMETER. XXX TABLE 1]1.—Values of v, k, and g, in 1843. Periods to which the Values apply. aah Bech. a Jan. 1 —April27 4 0-0001248 April'28' 2—Nov. 8 22 0-0001205 Nov. 9 O0—Nov. 10 6 0-0002263 Nov. 10 8—Dec. 31 0-0001300 The values of & are given at the foot of each page of the magnetical observa- tions. 40. During considerable disturbances the collimator scale, which contains too small an angle, goes out of the field of the reading telescope, and it has been found necessary to turn the arms of the torsion circle until it again appears ; without this, it has happened that the greater part of a disturbance could not have been observed. As there was some doubt that turning the arms of the torsion circle after adjust- ment might affect the instrument injuriously, experiments were made in the end of 1842, during periods of slight change, which shewed, after turning the arms of the torsion circle a few degrees in either direction, that on recurring to the original value of v the scale readings were unaltered. 41. In turning the arms of the torsion circle the value of the scale divisions and the unit of force are changed, it is necessary therefore to reduce the observations to a common unit and zero; let 6 be the small angle through which the arms of the 2 torsion circle are turned, X =v + BP, mX =F, W = = G, (34.) The equation of equi- librium originally, « = 90°, is Pee Gas intone mera Oi sam Ne acco. ne) (Le) for the new value of v, ~=90 + A w=90 + Av where A v= the angular value of the scale reading at any instant from the zero reading mc, SOG ed ee cos AW Subtracting (1.) from (2.), and dividing by (1.), }’—F AF sin v’ — sin v COs F F sin v sin v Av If n be the number of scale divisions from the zero or scale reading for u = 90°, when v'=v+; and N be the number of scale divisions corrected for temperature from the zero corresponding to the same force when 6=0, then _ sin v—sin v COS etd n a cos Uv COS # MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843 a XXXIV INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. or adapting the first constant to logarithmic computation sao gis =) 4 no (v + 8) =H == COS -- n———+ 4 ¢ IN a COS v ae (c e 9 COs Vv ead: = A +n”B +t¢ @ is considered negative when v is diminished, n 1s negative when the reading is below the zero, and ¢ is the temperature of the magnet mius 26°. 42. It was necessary to turn the arms of the torsion circle once only in 1843, namely, on May 6% 10" 45", when vernier B was turned from 287° 44’ to 291° 45’, whence 6=—4° 1’, A=234:7 scale divisions, B=1:19, v being=69° 46’. May 64 13" 45™, the arms of the torsion circle were turned from B 291° 45’ to B 287° 41’, as this was 3’ different from the original reading, 3 scale divisions were subtracted from the abstracts of the observations from April 28* 2" till May 64 10%, the two hourly and extra observations are, however, affected to that amount. 43. The effect of the balance needle upon the readings of the bifilar was deter- mined, September 4° 1843, to be —4-03 scale divisions ; no correction has been ap- plied ; the effect of the declination magnet is zero, and the effect of the copper ring or damper has not been determined, but it is supposed to be small. 44. Time of vibration of the bifilar magnet. s Feb. 22. Mean of 88 vibrations, 1 vibration = 26:18 March 1. Mean of 28 vibrations, 1 vibration = 26:25 June 1. Mean of 27 vibrations, 1 vibration = 27:08 Oct. 25. Mean of 8 vibrations, 1 vibration = 26:99 Oct. 25. Another series, : : : 27:03 45. The natural are of vibration is generally very small, and when considerable the time of vibration is found different from that determined by artificial vibrations (Introd. 1841-2, p. xxix), namely, about 25 seconds, which has been used in the observations. The observations are made as follows :—the point of the scale coin- ciding with the vertical wire of the fixed telescope is estimated to a tenth of a divi- sion at 25° before the minute of observation, at the minute, and 25° after it; the mean reading is deduced from the three readings by the formula ae a, b, and ¢ being the three readings. The mean thus obtained is corrected to the tempe- rature of 26° Fahr., this being below the lowest temperature which occurred within the Observatory in 1843 ; a constant quantity of 300-0 has been added to all the cor- rected means. ‘Tables were formed giving the temperature correction for every tenth of a degree above 26° from the formula (¢—26) g'+ 300-0. 46. ‘The temperature of the magnet was obtained till November 274 18" from the thermometer by Ross, after that time from the thermometer by Messrs ADIE BALANCE OR VERTICAL ForcE MAGNETOMETER. XXXV and Son resting on a brass bar. From September 26* till November 274 the tem- perature of the magnet was probably worse determined than at any other time, as the bulb of the thermometer by Ross was outside of the mer box, while the magnet was within it. December 14‘ 1", the inner box was removed in order to compare the indications of the thermometers of Ross and ADIE; it was not replaced till January 10* 3" 1844. § 6. BALANCE oR VERTICAL ForcE MAGNETOMETER. 47. The balance magnetometer was made by Ropinson of London. It is com- posed of a needle 12 inches long, resting on agate planes; at the extremities of the needle are brass rings, each carry- and about ? inch broad, with knife-edged axle ing a cross of spider threads. The needle is placed horizontally at right angles to the magnetic meridian ; it is accurately adjusted by means of two fine brass screws ; one towards one extremity, working horizontally, balances the needle; the other, working vertically near the other extremity, regulates its sensibility. The appa- ratus is covered by a rectangular box, having glazed openings on two sides opposite the spider’s crosses; those on one side allowing light to be thrown on the crosses from two small mirrors ; those en the other for viewing them and determining their position, which is done accurately by means of microscopes carrying micrometers. A thermometer within the box gives the temperature of the needle. 48. If m be the moment of free magnetism of the needle, Y the vertical com- ponent of the earth’s magnetic force, W the weight of the needle, g the distance from the centre of motion to the centre of gravity, € the angle contained by the line joining these two centres and the magnetic axis of the needle, the latter being hori- zontal, the equation of equilibrium is mY = Wg cos € ifferentiating thi; 1ati ividing it, an Vi reg 1g A€, diiferentiating this equation, dividing by it, and having regard to the sign of we have NG Am = IntyN Go SS Mm XG the varying angle which the magnetic axis makes with the horizontal, a ¢, is ob- tained from the micrometer observations. See the section on the temperature cor- O 5 AM! rections for art 49. It is conceived that € cannot be determined with accuracy by the method of inversion, owing to mechanical difficulties in the formation of the axle, but Dr Lioyp has shewn* that if the needle be disturbed through a small angle 2, the mo- ment of the moving force brought into play by the disturbance is equal and opposite * Account of the Magnetical Observatory of Dublin, p. 38. XXXVI INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. to the change of the vertical component of the magnetic force, which would produce a disturbance = y, and hence he shews that the value of the constant tan e will be given by the formula T? tane Y M2 Gy wig = tane cot 0 Where 6 is the magnetic dip, T’ and T the times of one vibration of the needle, the former in a horizontal plane, the latter in a vertical plane. 50. This method has been found to fail in practice ; the determination of the time of vibration in a vertical plane has been proved to be a matter of much diffi- culty, if at all possible, mixed up, as it is, with several sources of error, which are not easily accounted for or eliminated.* It has been shewn with respect to the time of vibration in a vertical plane, * The following statical method might be substituted for that of Dr Luoyp :—Let 7 be the small angle which the magnetic axis of the balance needle makes with the horizontal, then the equation of equilibrium is (48) mY. 608 7;— Wigicos (E“4. 7) mo- Ver 2-04 ox ot oem a) if a magnet, whose moment is M, be placed vertically, with its centre at a distance r from the centre of the balance needle, and in the continuation of the magnetic axis of the balance needle when horizontal, the needle will then make an angle 6 with the horizontal, and the equation of equilibrium will be am Y" coed =| Wigicos (€ -1 16) 0). 9.) orem (es) where Oe) Cra eenaeoe tO lee rroeiiiac: |o.5 (3h) From equations (1), (2), and (3), cM tan 6 — tan 7 v2 Y~ cot é€ — tan » SAAC ANAC eae TUNE 9 (4) Now, if X be the horizontal intensity of the earth’s magnetism, and 6 be the magnetic dip, Pee Sie eae. orig) asm 4 (S. and if the deflecting magnet be placed in the line at right angles to the magnetic meridian passing through the centre of a freely suspended magnet, and w be the angle of deflection when the centres of the magnets are at the distance r,, then (No. 26.) =f, CAM Wish bree eo ele GO) By equations (4), (5), and (6), 3 3 r r 1, tan u —_tanwu 2° 7 tan € = 2 tan 0 (tan 6 — tan n) — tan u tan 9 i 2 tan @ tan (6 — n) SPproxiarnialyge and if 7 = 0, or be very small, as it is in general, when the needle may be considered horizontal, then > tan u tan € = —— te =a : 5 . e e e < 7 27° tan @ tan d 7.) If the deflecting magnet be placed at right angles to the suspended magnet (as in Dr Lamonr’s method), then sin w must be substituted for tan u. The BALANCE OR VERTICAL FORCE MAGNETOMTER. XXXV1i lst, That it is found increased after the needle has been vibrated by any means through a large are (2° or 3°). 2d, That it depends to a considerable extent, much more than theory will ac- count for, on the arc of vibration. 3d, That it is greater for the same arc, if it be deduced from a series com- mencing with a large arc, than if it be deduced from a series commencing with a small are. 4th, That it depends on the temperature of the needle. 5th, That it does not vary appreciably with the changes of position of the needle, unless as co-existent (4th) with the changes in the position produced by temperature.* It does not seem likely that the source of error indicated in the 4th conclusion can be eliminated ; any zero of temperature to which the times of vibration might be reduced would be altogether arbitrary. I have also found, since the above results were obtained, 6th, That the effect of one degree Fahrenheit on the time of vibration of the needle is variable, being sometimes as little as 0°05, at other times as much as 0°10. 51. The following method of determining the value of tan € has been adopted for the reductions in the abstracts :—if q be the temperature co-efficient, or the Am Syeiee value of —— for 1° Fahr., k = a tan e, where a = the arc value of one division of mM the micrometer head in parts of radius (52.), if it be assumed that the value of Z found, § 7, is dependent solely on the varying magnetism of the needle, or that the cause by which the time of vibration is affected has no effect on the position of the needle, assuming also that the value of g, determined by the usual method of de- flections, is accurate, then by the latter (Introduction, 1841-2, p. xliv), q = 0-000073, by the former (66.) “ = 7:90, whence k= ee = 0:0000092 ; 0-000009 has been adopted. The mean value of the angle 6 should be determined by placing the deflecting bar at the distance on opposite sides of the balance needle, and if the needle be nearly horizontal, the deflecting bar should be inverted in each position. This method has been tried since the previous portion of this note was written, and the mean of two results from deflections within the usual range of the instrument, which differ 0°0000008, gives k = 0:0000087, very nearly the value obtained No. 51, and adopted in the results; larger deflections seem to give about 0:000008, but they have not yet been completely reduced. The accuracy of this method seems to depend almost wholly on the determination of 6, and it seems possible to obtain this certainly within 2’, or that the error of k may not be above 0:0000002. * Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. xvi, p. 67. MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. ke XXXVIll INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Values of the constants and adjustments. 52. Value of one division of the micrometer head in angular measure. The micrometer heads have 50 divisions numbered at the tens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a brass needle with scales graduated to 10’, at an equal distance from the centre as the spider crosses in the magnet, was placed on the agate planes, and the moveable wires of the micrometer brought to coincide with the graduated lines of the scale, the micrometer heads being read at each coincidence. Left Mic. Right Mic. June 21. 1841 (Table 13, Introduction, 1841-2), one division = 01004 010038 Aa gO LSE ey ar: SC SORA RO rae DRUM ee aerate ee == )/071002 0’:0996 Sept. 4. 1843 Observations wave (.)) fi te..teeeseeeds = O-1012 INOW ABs PEERS ny il eee hah cease | Ma lie Rice mcrae = 01013 0°:0999 Adopted mean value of one division, 0/1003, whence a = 000002918, € = 17° 34’, k = 0:000009 this value of & has been used in the abstracts. 53. Time of vibration in the horizontal plane. The adopted mean of all the observations, Table 15, Introduction, 1841-2, is 120. 54. Time of vibration in the vertical plane. The needle being in its usual position on the agate planes, the moveable wire of the left micrometer is made to bisect the spider cross ; the needle is then vibrated, by means of a small piece of iron or steel, through an angle varying from 15’ to 5’, and the periods of the cross passing the wire are estimated. When large ares of vibration have been taken, the time of vibration is deduced from the last observations of the series, for the reasons stated, No. 50, 2d. The 4th conclusion given, No. 50, cannot be deduced from the observations for 1843, probably because constant ares of vibration were not used, and the errors indicated Ist, 2d, and 3d, being included in the results. The are of vibration was estimated till October 18, after which the are at commencing was measured by moving the wire of the right micrometer on the cross at the extremity of its arc of vibration ; the arc of vibration at the end is generally about I’, being the smallest possible at which the passage of the cross can be estimated with any nicety. The following is a specimen of the observations, and of the method in which the results in the following Table are obtained :— BALANCE OR VERTICAL FoRcE MAGNETOMETER. XXX1X ‘ TABLE 12.—Observations for the Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle in a Vertical Plane, November 244 0", 1843. Time of passing the fixed wire. Time of 10 Vibrations. Cross rising. Cross falling. || Cross rising. Cross falling. 33-6 54-8 15-9 19-0 40:0 1-0 Time of one vibration = 10:55. TABLE 13.—Values of T, the Time of Vibration of the Balance Needle in a Vertical Plane. eee Are at Number Time of | Tempera- oe Are at Number Time of | Tempera- Gottingen commence- of one ture Govtmgen commence- of one ture Mean Time. vibrations.| vibration. | of Needle, Mean Time. ment. vibrations.| vibration. | of Needle. 6 O Ss. d. h. G s. ic Jan. . “94 : TUNeMS OM we 75 30 9-72 59-5 Jan. : 54 . June 20 22 || 10-0 20 9-80 58-4 Feb. : : .. June 29 3 12-0 20 9-50 55-3 Feb. : . . July 13 8 8-0 20 9-25 67-8 Feb. 2: : 48: July PAW 7h 10-0 30 9-14 61-7 Feb. . -00* : July 260 a0 12-0 30 9-28 65-0 Feb. : : . July Ashi Of 10-0 20 9-36 61:3 Feb. : : . Aug. 4 23 7:5 30 9-35 60-0 Mar. . . : Aug. 18 3 7:5 30 9-45 71-2 Mar. . : . Aug. 925.22 10-0 30 9-25 54-6 Mar. . . | eS —_—— Mar. . . Aug. 25 0 10-0 25 10-75% | 60-5 Apr. . . . Aug. 29 22 | 14-0 30 9:97 54:5 Apr. a Apr. : : : Sept. 6 20 12-0 30 11-25 60-7 : Sept. 13° 41 12-0 30 10-75 62:3 Sept. 138-2 12-0 30 10-62 65-0 Sept. PIP) 8} 8-0 30 10-62 63-7 Sept. rah) 7-0 40 11-17f 51-9 Sept. 29 O 7:0 40 10-95 46-4 Oct. 1 20 4-0 10 11-04 56-9 * Feb. 16. This observation is from a natural vibration (produced by currents of air in the box 2). + Mar. 13. After this vibration the magnetometer box was lifted for an instant and then replaced. t Aug 23 and 31, and Nov. 12. The balance needle was removed for temperature experiments, and on Sept. 26 the magnetometer box was removed in order to be covered with gilt paper. xl INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE 13—continued. Arc at Time of | Tempera- Are at Number | Time of | Tempera- commence- of one ture ment. |vibrations.| vibration. | of Needle. Gottingen Mean Time. Gottingen ? commence- one ture Mean Time. ment. vibration. | of Needle. 5 b v s. Oct. 6-0 10-50 : Dee. Oct. 7-5 10-55 : Dec. 2-7 10-20 . Dec. 7:0 10-30 : Dec. 10-36 : Dec. 10-34 36: Dec. 10-40* . Dee. Dec. 11-20 . Dec. 11-25 . Dec. 10-88 . Dee. 10-88 . Dec. 10-64 : Dec. 10-67 . Dec. 10-58 : Dec. 10-47 . Dec. 10-62 . Dec. 10-55 . Dee. 10-06 2 Dec. 10-02 . Dee. 10-03 . Dec. 10-02 6 Dec. 10-05 .0- Dec. Dec. 55. The following are the mean values of T, and the consequent values of &, T’ = 12*0, 6 = 71° 10’:— : Jan. —Aug. 23. T= 952; & = 0-0000158, approximately & = 0-000015 Aug. 24—Sept. 1. T= 10-40; & = 0:0000133, approximately & = 0-000014 Sept. 5—Nov. 13. T= 1065; & = 0:0000126, approximately & = 0:000013 Nov. 13—Dec. T= 10:07; &=0-0000141, approximately & = 0:000014 The approximate values of k& are those given at the foot of each page of the Magnetical Observations. It will be observed that all of these values differ very considerably from that obtained, No. 51, which was adopted in the reductions for the Abstracts, after the above values of & were printed in the notes to the Magneti- cal Observations. 56, Adjustments. August 23. 1843. The balance needle was removed for the purpose of deter- mining its temperature coefficient ; the needle was placed in a small copper trough with a glazed lid, which trough was surrounded by water, contained in a larger trough. * Aug. 23 and 31, and Nov. 12. See note on preceding page. BALANCE OR VERTICAL ForcE MAGNETOMETER. xh Aug. 24. 1843. The temperature experiments were repeated; the brass rings containing the spider crosses were removed, and the needle was immersed in water of different temperatures ; at the end of the observations the needle was found con- siderably tarnished; the stains were partially removed by rubbing with crocus. After the temperature observations the needle was vibrated horizontally, and then adjusted. When the needle was placed on the agate planes it was altogether out of balance, the 8. end falling till caught by the Y ; the horizontal screw was then turned in till the reading of the micrometer was about 200 minus ; both microme- ters read the same, and the N. end was much better in focus than before. Sept. 1. 1843. The balance needle was again removed in order to determine the temperature coefficient, the previous observations not being satisfactory. Sept. 2. Temperature observations continued, the needle being placed in water as before. The stains were partially removed by rubbing with crocus. Sept. 4. After vibrating the balance needle horizontally, and determining the value of the divisions of the micrometer head, observations were made to verify the horizontality of the fixed wires in the micrometers, when it was found necessary to move the fixed wire of the right micrometer down 8 micrometer divisions. The micrometer heads were exchanged for convenience of reading, as the read- ings are almost always negative, or the north pole of the needle is generally above the horizontal. 57. The deviation of the line joining the spider crosses from the magnetic axis of the needle was determined, by repeated reversals, to be + 8 micrometer divisions ; merely lifting the needle by the Ys was found to give readings differing sometimes 20, 30, and even 40 divisions. The horizontal screw was moved till a negative reading of about — 130 was obtained; and as it had been previously found that lifting by the Ys altered the reading, the needle was not left till consistent read- ings were obtained after the different lifts. The following were the readings at each lift after the last movement of the horizontal screw :— — 120, — 126, — 121, — 120, — 127, — 138, — 134, — 131, — 134, — 136, — 1381. September 264 4"—6", 1843. The balance magnetometer box was removed in order to be covered, externally and internally, with gilt paper. November 13, 1843. The balance needle was again removed for the purpose of determining its temperature coefficient; the brass rings and spider crosses were removed, and the needle immersed in water as before. The needle was adjusted the same day. The value of the micrometer division was also determined, and the deviation of the line joining the spider crosses from the magnetic axis was found — 36 divisions. The needle was left reading about — 60 divisions. 58. Mode of observation and reduction. The moveable wire of the right micrometer is made to bisect the spider cross 5° before the minute of observation, and that of the left micrometer 5° after the minute MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. l xlu INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. of observation ; the mean of the two readings gives the position of the needle at the minute. The readings increase negatively or positively as the north pole of the needle moves above or below the horizontal wire ; the readings are generally nega- tive. The quantities given in the magnetical observations are obtained thus :— n being the observed reading of the needle, ¢ that of the thermometer, 4 = 7:90 the temperature coefficient, R the quantity in the Tables, R= 700+ % (¢— 26) +m increasing tabular quantities, therefore, indicate increasing vertical force. § 7. DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF THE DEFLECTION, BALANCE, AND BIFILAR MAGNETS. Deflection Magnet. 59. The magnet used for deflections in observations of the absolute horizontal intensity was placed in a copper trough, resting on a beam of the deflection appa- ratus (25.); the temperature was varied by means of ice and water of different tem- peratures ; a thermometer lying on the magnet indicated its temperature; the declination magnet was observed simultaneously with the deflected (or unifilar) magnet ; and the bifilar magnet before and after each change of temperature. 60. If m be the moment of the magnet, X be the horizontal intensity of the earth’s magnetism, 0 be the westerly declination, w the angle which the deflected magnet makes with the astronomical meridian, then m = X tan (wu — 0) differentiating, all the quantities being variable, and reducing Am Au—AOo IND, m sin2 (u— 0) PES kK y or if u and % are the unifilar readings, d and d, the declinometer readings, 6 and 6, the corrected readings of the bifilar magnetometer when the temperatures of the deflecting magnet are ¢ and ¢,; D is the mean deflection, in this case small; # the coeflicient for reducing the declinometer scale divisions to values of unifilar divisions, oh Ne : Am k the bifilar coefficient, then since =~ = g (t — ¢) w= % —fd=d , k(b—b) D (& — ¢) (4 — 4) The quantities in the last column of the following Table have been obtained from this formula. TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xh TABLE 14.—Observations for the Temperature Coefficient of the Deflection Magnet. | oy Re Bifilar Gottingen || Tempera- Reading jof Declino-| wu — up r Correction Mean Time, | ture of to —t. of meter minus for 1° Fahr. 1843. | Magnet. Unifilar. | reduced | f(d—d)).| Reading | Thermo- —I\9s | = fds Corrected.| meter. Gb AA ae a o Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Sc. Diy. O Nov. 10 23 24|| Magnet | away. 264-39 | 157-26 D3 OS)||td0°d0 10-73 156-65 501-0 42-6 Noweti90) 13) 5995 | qquq.| 12-05 | 156-17 | j'¢q | 501-7 | 427 | 00887 0 30 | 76-85 17-90 13-07 155-59 1-23 502-7 42:8 000278 0 46] 58-95 29.05 11-88 155-63 1-69 503-3 42-9 000309 1 6] 36-90 20-20 10-05 155-49 1-48 503-9 43-0 .000289 1 24}| 57-10 21-60 11-68 155-64 1-45 504-3 43-2 ~ .00026 || wom x r : 60 1 42 78-70 29.20 13-16 155-67 1-51 505-6 43-6 0002 m : 72 2 0] 56-50 19-90 11-11 155-13, 1-29 505:°8 43-8 .000265 218] 36-60 20-30 10-05 155-36 1-31 506-8 43-9 000253 2 38|) 56-90 25-05 11-50 155-50 1-91 507-4 44:0 .000307 2 54)|| 81-95 91-05 13-41 155-50 1-21 506-8 44:3 000233 3 14|| 60-90 94.05 12.50 155-80 1-61 507-4 44-6 000268 3 32) 36-85 30-50 10-78 155-69 2.2] 507-7 44.8 .000287 SH Doi ov-so 23.40 13-30 156-00 1-91 508-0 44.9 000394 4 10]| 43-95 99.55 11.72 156-33 1-79 507-8 45-0 .000315 4 28 66-50 7 13-88 156-70 508-1 45-0 4 45 Magnet | away. 264-35 | 157-02 The mean value of g = 0:0002877. Balance Magnet. 61. The value of the coefficient for the balance magnet was obtained by obser- vations, similar to those for the deflecting magnet, on 5 different days ; weight was given to the result of each day’s observations, depending on the formula, No, 32. The final result was q = 0:000073.* 62. The impossibility of determining the value of the micrometer divisions of the balance magnetometer by the usual method has been already pointed out. It is obvious, therefore, that if shut up to this method the temperature corrections cannot be applied even when the observations are left in the state of micrometer divisions. The doubt whether the changes of the magnetic moment of the needle occur as rapidly as those of temperature in all cases, and therefore, whether a co- efficient obtained from changes of 30° or 40° in a few minutes (as in the tempera- ture experiments) was likely to be applicable to observations where the changing temperature of the needle was rarely above 1° in the hour, and the fact that other sources of error (perhaps the effect of temperature on the points of support of the * Tables 19 and 20, Introduction to the Makerstoun Observations, 1841 and 1842. xliv INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. needle) were altogether omitted,* these induced me to apply a correction obtained by a method which first occurred to me in 1842, for the purpose of avoiding the necessity of removing the needle and breaking up the series of observations. This: method has already been described, and the final results have been given in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Vol. xvi., p. 73); the coefficients obtained by this method were used for correcting the results of the observations of 1841 and 1842;} they have also been used in correcting all the observations in this volume. It will be necessary to enter more fully into the investigations here. 63. A series of days being selected during which the readings of the instru- ment seem regular (rejecting any day of marked disturbance), and in which the changes of temperature from day to day are considerable ; the hourly or two hourly readings for the position and temperature of the needle are separately summed ; if y, be the sum (or mean) of the micrometer readings for the first day in the series, ya for the secondday, . . . y, forthe n™ day; ,% . . . @ being the cor- responding sums (or means) of the thermometer readings, if g’ be the temperature coefficient in micrometer divisions, and it be assumed that the vertical force changes gradually throughout the period, a being the sum (or mean) of the daily changes for all the hours summed for values of y, y, &c., we shall then have a series of equa- tions like the following, in which it is considered that the temperature of the pre- ceding day is either greater than that of the succeeding in all the series, or that it is less than 1t :-— y—- y= -a-(4— 4) Yn — Yoni = — 2 — (G— Gy) 7 AT SEY er 2a-—(4,-—&) 7 Yo — Ypr2 SS 2a—(t, — bso) a : . ° . . . =) Yu = Un =) am na — (4, tid Yo — Yorn = na — (b in bo sn+1) q Summing all those equations in which @ has the same coefticient, naming the dif- ferences Yp — Ypy1, 4913 tp — bax) 4 h, and since if ¢, > é, then y, < Y2, we shall have the equations ZA a Eat Iy =¢7 + — ZA A ty Lia LN ke ZA A 0 (2 SST 2h na ZA ty At * It will be evident, that the method of obtaining the value of the unit for the balance magnetome- ter, described No. 51, supposes no other source of error than that due to the varying time of vibration, or that the causes of error indicated above are of the second order compared with it, } The temperature coefficient, obtained by the usual method, had been applied, and the observa- tions so corrected had been printed before I had satisfied myself of the preferability of the new coefficient. TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xlv where, as it tends to simplify the investigation, and is at the same time sufficiently accurate, A f, is the mean of all the values of a ¢. Taking the difference of each of the equations with that of every one after it, series of equations of the following form will be obtained :— TAY 2AYprr __ __ ZA, 2AL,, ra A ty Summing these series of equations, we obtain the following :— ZAY, n—3(—* = Heres ae SANG _ ntil.n.n-1 a 6 ay SS) x a ZA h ZA n=l Q Summing equations (1.), we have ene! WAG) ae a 8 SAG Sea Ae From these two equations g’ will be obtained. 63. A period of 52 days, from June 1 till July 22, 1843, was selected as nearly free from disturbances (the 3d and 7th of June only being rejected on this account), and as containing considerable daily changes of temperature ; the sums of the micro- meter and thermometer readings for each day were entered in columns titled 3y, 32, each sum, from June 1 till June 26, was then compared with all the sums following, up to the 27th day after. The differences will be found in the following Table in two portions, namely those for which ¢, is greater and less than ¢,,,. The results for a second period, namely, from August 4 till September 18, 1844, are also given. TABLE 15.—Results of Comparisons at different Intervals. ta bos Cy Ue Interval Mean 3 between - f th = of the ©) ||) compari- No. of No. of results. om sons. Pantie = TAY soe Ohs ZA (y) compari- |— 2A Y) SAG ; compari- =A Y) — ZA (é) et E co \ ( ) 2A 2) sons. \ ZA (¢) pee Days. ce Mic. Div. har ieee, Mie. Diy . Mie. Div. Goreng Mic. Div. Mie. Div 1 7 1149-8 102-8 11-2 11 2916-7 325-8 8-9 9-5 a 2 7 2050-1 224-4 9-1 11 3925-7 477-0 8-2 8:5 SR 3 9 3171-6 379-2 8-4 9 4341-2 541-4 8-0 8-2 = 4 11 3879-0 | 446-5 8-7 8 4012-0 | 496-0 8-1 8-4 a 5 9 3230-8 386-2 8-4 10 3552-0 421-4 8-4 8-4 Re 6 7 2967-8 316-5 9-4 Ua 3035-0 363-6 8-3 8:8 | 7 5 2403-0 277-2 8-7 17 5294-4 685-2 77 8-0 tar) 8 4 1857-9 210-0 8-8 14 5314-9 694-1 7-7 7:9 zl 9 6 1391-3 167-9 8-3 12 6094-5 775-1 7-9 7:9 S 10 6 782-0 96-1 8-1 11 5281-9 724-6 7:3 7-4 S| 11 7 1853-8 196-0 9-5 11 5793-0 732-5 7-9 8-2 ar) 12 i) 1558-0 210-0 7-4 14 5488-3 669-2 8-2 8-0 6 1439-6 192-0 7-5 13 5656-1 734-5 7:7 7:7 MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. Tt xlvi INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE 15—continued. lp » ltr tp < lotr Be Interval Mean 2 between Ofethe o compari- lts. ms sons. No. of A ZA (t —2A (y) oe ZAG, —SA(t ZA (y) ai ee Ss A(y) Onan Ones (y) Oe A (i) Days. Mic. Div. ° Mic. Diy. Mie. Div. 2 Mie. Div. || Mie. Div. 14 6 1305-6 | 161-5 8-1 16 8350-4! 1053-9 7-9 7-9 15 5 867-6 | 116-0 75 13 7452-6| 928-7 8-0 8-0 06 16 1 249-2 190 13-1 17 6895-8} 878-3 7-8 8-0 ce 17 3 122-7 28-2 4:3 15 7329-7| 819-5 8-9 8-8 f 18 3 523-6 48-8 11-7 16 7453-3| 871-6 8-5 8-7 a 19 5 722-5 61:5 11-7 14 7758-3| 849-7 9-1 9-3 Bb 20 3 684-6 57-5 11-9 15 6731:9| 789-2 8-5 8-8 = 21 4. 371-8 25-0 14-9 18 9824-7} 1094-4 9-0 9-1 | 22 1 — 60:3 725 | 08-0, 7 7868-6| 901-8 8-7 8-6 mq 23 1 64-8 26-3 2-5 17 8330-0} 929-5 9-0 8-8 g 24 1 170-0 33-6 5-1 17 8277-3] 939-0 8-8 8-7 ie 25 3 322-0 88-1 3-7 16 8599-2| 961-7 8-9 8-5 26 5 445.0 | 125-6 3-5 14 7763-2| 861-2 9-0 8-3 Forallthed 1 130)” |33523-8; | 4003-4 8-37 357 =‘ |163340-7 | 19518-9 8-37 || 8-37 1 9 2291-0 | 281-9 8-1 9 3612-2} 359-7 | 10-0 9-2 2 11 4152-1 | 450-0 9-2 6 3270:8| 282-9 || 21-65 Ost 3 10 4586-5 | 399-1 11-5 6 2443-8] 216-4 | 11-3 |/11.4 4 8 3163-2 | 269-6 11-7 8 3292-5| 281-6) 11-7 ||11-7 “i 5 re 2738-0 | 372-4 7-4 9 6118-6] 572-17 |= 10:7, 9-4 + 6 6 2947-5 | 348.2 8-5 11 7982-3] 833-1 9-6 9-2 = 7 7 3026-9 | 342-7 8-8 8 4941-3} 609-6 8-1 8-4 oo 8 7 2422-9 | 364-7 6:6 10 6033-4] 690-0 8-7 || 8.0 on 9 5 2542-5 | 306-0 8:3 11 6990-6| 852-6 8-2 || 8.2 2 10 6 3128-4 | 394.9 7:9 10 8812-7} 979-3 9:0 || 87 g 11 7 2382-6 | 283-3 8-4 9 8056-0} 935-0 8-6 8-6 all 5 1859-8 | 255-3 7:3 11 7594-6| 967-3} 7-8 || 7-7 2 13 5 2446-5 | 310-3 7-9 11 7621-9] 1048-7 73 | 7-4 i) 14 6 2423-3 | 327-6 7:4 13 8301-4} 1106-1 1-5 eee 15 4 1029-4 | 145-1 71 12 7282-6| 952-0 7-6 7-6 % | 16 4 992-0 | 219.3 4:5 12 6617-7| 819-2 8-1 7:3 bp 17 5 1836-3°| 259-6 71 11 6533-0} 882.7 FS FS) a renis 4 1622-8 | 194.7 8:3 12 5914-3| 841-3 7-0 CES} | 19 3 929-6 | 110-6 8-4 13 6211-6] 912-9 6:8 7-0 | 20 4 1529-3 | 174.8 S7i ie 113 5500-6] 783-0 7-0 7:3 Wi eel 3 1348-5 | 212.7 6:3 12 5666-1} 684-3 8-3 || 7-8 22 6 2623-6 | 386-2 6:8 11 6152-6] 685-1 9.0 || 8.2 por ae N 182.2 |'52022:7 )116409:0 8-11 228 |134950-6 | 16295-4 8-28 || 8.24 From the series, June July, 1843, in which ¢, < €,,,. the following result was obtained :— 1 ZA (yx) , a re BS : mpi alt 8338 ; —— = 0:0375, a ¢, = — 54:7, a = — 2:05 or the mean daily 9 N 0 : A (6) INAS change = 9 = — 0.23; g' = 7:832 microm. div. 64. The series, June—July, in which ¢, > ¢,,,, and the series, August—Sep- tember, 1844, are either two irregular in the number of days compared, or the TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xlvii number of days compared are too few to give good results.* It is obvious, however, that if we consider the equation gy DN OE ees SPAGe ly Ad one : : that the value of g’ deduced from the quantity = a4 alone will be too much or too little according as the sign of a ¢, is positive or negative; whence, if a period of moderate length be selected, throughout which the mean daily temperature increases and diminishes considerably, we may neglect the sign of a t, and the quantity a, as in the summations the coefficients of the latter will nearly destroy each other. For periods of moderate length, and free from disturbances, it is the fact, as may be seen from the previous Table (with the exception of one day), that the signs of a Yr and A¢, are always opposite. The latter method, then, will be found the easiest, and, it is conceived, in general the most accurate. The mean results obtained for the series, June—July, when ¢, >» and < ¢,,,, are indeed exactly the same, and the partial results seem to indicate that the sign of a is itself so variable as to render its total effect nugatory. The same remark applies to the series August—Septem- ber 1844. The following Table contains a series of results obtained according to the latter method. In each series each day is compared with every day following it to the end of the series for the differences ay and A ¢:—_ TaBLe 16.—Determinations of the Temperature Coefficient for the Balance Magnet from Comparisons of the Daily Observations. Observed Period. SPA (2) SN (y) aie Remarks. 1843. © Mic. Div. : Jan. 16—Jan. 21 525-3 4315-3 ; 9. In ee teres? ey gee 2 ee 7/0) 93. : & vations, made at two-nourly iIn- pe eee an 28 ou U Deo : tervals, from 18" till 10%, mS BUA SUED plore K Sept. 2, the needle was removed in Feb. 6—Feb. 11 609-9 4080-6 : ; order to determine its tempera- ° June 1—June 30 |) 14320-4 114646-9 . ture correction by the method of Sept. 6—Sept. 16 1083-7 8730-4 : deflections. 1844. May 9—May 24 8415-4 66621-7 : In 1844 there were observations : made at every hour of the day. ee ee: g ee Tq Ese O;S The needle was removed between r the ser a 17933-0 141648-2 ; September 1843 and February 1843, 1844 for temperature experi- Horta) oe 48045-3 379730-4 : ments. The mean value of g’ from the series in 1843 is 7-90, and from the tempera- * Such as these results are, however, their disagreement with the result obtained by deflection ex- periments and vibration, is, in each case, even more than that of the adopted result. xlviii INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. ture experiments it is 4°9 micrometer divisions ; the mean of the two series in 1844 gives q’ = 7:91, while the temperature experiments give it 3°8 microm. div. 65. The following Table contains the results deduced in three cases when re- spect has been paid to the sign of ¢, — ¢,,,; the last column contains the value of q’, ~ 3a) 4 240) obtained by giving equal values to the quantities Za 234 0 TABLE 17.—Results of Comparisons, regard being paid to the sign of ¢,—t,,,. Mean bp > tor by < bor Value of za) |-2a@ ee) sa] za@ ER) © Period. 1843. ° Mice. Diy. Mic. Diy. ° Mic. Diy. Mic. Div. || Mic. Diy. June 1—July 22 4003-4 33523-8 8-37 19518-9 | 163340-7 8-37 8-37 1844. May 9—May 24 5404-3 37559-9 6-95 3011-1 29061-8 9-65 8-30 Aug. 3—Sept. 18 6409-0 52022-7 8-12 16295-4 | 134950-6 8-28 8-20 For all the periods | 15816-7 123106-4 7:783 38825-4 | 327353-1 8-431 8-107 66. The three final results obtained are g’ = 7-832, q’ = 7-903, and gq’ = 8-11; the adopted value of g/ = 7-9 micrometer divisions. 67. Early in the investigation of this subject it occurred to me that it might not be desirable to eliminate all the effects of change of temperature on the posi- tion of the needle, as the actual daily or diurnal variations of the earth’s magnetism might depend to some extent on the same cause. The results, obtained in many ways which it is not necessary to repeat wholly here, shewed that, at least for periods of a month, no such connexion exists, or that it is inappreciable. To such an extent had the supposition been refuted, that it was ultimately totally forgotten by me, and, of course, it was also forgotten that others might entertain a similar suspicion ; the fact that it has been proposed as an objection to the method will render it de- sirable that I should adduce distinct evidence of its futility. 68. As it will scarcely be supposed by any one that the earth’s magnetism varies immediately with changes of the aérial temperature, the results obtained from the comparison of one day with the next following may be first considered. As far as the results, Table 15, go, the comparisons of one day with the next following give a considerably larger value of g/ than that adopted, and, therefore, one differ- ing still more from the value obtained by the usual method; this at least tends to prove that the result adopted is much better than that by the other method. In the following, which also prove the same fact, one-sixth of the comparisons are of the readings on days with those on the second days following, namely, Saturdays with TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BALANCE MAGNET. xlix Mondays; the remaining five-sixths are of the readings on days with those on the days immediately following :— 1844. 123 Comparisons, g’ = 8:33. Approximate value of 9g’, by temperature experiments and vibrations, — 3:8 ees MDG Conran rst gfs 1:87 5 eee nate et ace cca oke so, se cnasesnaeeSiseaenssaststssuvsesvanosstensocdvactvss = 30 69. The most severe method of testing the accuracy of the coefficient thus obtained, is that of artificially heating the Observatory, and of comparing the in- strumental readings on days when so heated with those on days when the tempera- ture of the magnet depends on natural causes ;* the results of such a series of com- parisons are given below. In order to render the series perfectly trustworthy, all selection has been avoided, From January 1 till March 16, 1843, the stove in the Observatory was lighted every day, with the exception of January 23; it was not lighted on any other days of the year, excepting March 22 and 23, October 19, November 25, and December 21; the means of the instrumental readings, corrected for temperature by the adopted coefficient (7-9), on each of these days were compared with the means on the four or five days immediately preceding or succeeding, and the means on March 13, 14, and 15 (the last three days on which the stove was continuously lighted), were compared with the five succeeding days on which the stove was not lighted. The sums of the differences 3 4 (¢) and 3 4 (y) are given in the following Table, together with the sums of the differences of the external tem- peratures 3 a (T) for the same days :— TABLE 18.—Results of Comparisons when the differences of the Temperature depend on Artificial Causes. Day of No. of : com- Days compared with compa- ZA ( y) aes 2 ee parison. risons. coefficient. | coefficient. 1843. Mic. Div. | Mic. Div. | Mic. Div. 18—21, 24—28 + 195-7 +1-41 6-49 16— 21, + 85-7 + 2-42 5:48 16-291, Heeaaron | est |) (6e59 16—21, + 28-7 | 40-90 | 7-00 16—21, HONG 5. 1k OLN | 7279 16—21, — 58:3 —0-73 8-63 14—18, — 278-4 — 2-58 10-48 ote oa. O75. | O67 | 728 16—20, + 74 | +4007 | 7.83 OCOOOONNAANO The results of all the comparisons are— 2A (T) = — 551, 2 A (®) = 697°5, 2 A (y) = + 104:0 mic. div. ; error of adopted coefficient = + 0:15 mic. div. * This method was that first tried for the determination of the coefficient, but ultimately abandoned on account of the heated stove generating currents of air in the room and magnetometer boxes. MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. n 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. On three days the signs of 3a (T) and of 34 (¢) are the same, namely, on January 23, March 22, and March 23 ; if the comparisons with these days be rejected, we have =A (T) = — 2533, 3 A (t) = 4191, A (y) = — 39:9 mic. div.; error of adopted coefficient = — 0:09 mic. div. D ) P In all the previous comparisons the signs of 3 a (T) and 3 a (¢) are the same ; in this series they differ, and the coefficient is unaltered.* 70. In correcting the observations by this coefficient, no attention has been paid to the varying times of vibration in the vertical plane ; this, as has already been noticed, cannot be done. From the results in Table 16, it seems very doubt- ful if it should be done, as the correction deduced at various times does not seem to differ with the time of vibration. After correcting the observations made in the years 1844 and 1845 by the same coefficient, I was led, from the results, to suspect that some source of error still remained. Investigations for the temperature cor- rection at different times throughout these years have shewn me that the coefficient in micrometer divisions is not constant, and that it varies from some cause which I have not as yet determined ; certainly, however, it does not vary directly with the time of vibration in the vertical plane, as theory would shew (49, 51.), but rather inversely ; this, however, and other facts in connexion with the 6th conclusion (50.), will be considered in the Introduction to the Observations for 1844. It will be enough to mention at present, that the results for the value of q’, in 1844 and 1845, vary from 7-0 to 10-0 micrometer divisions ; by the usual method, at the end of 1845, it would not exceed 3:0 micrometer divisions. Bifilar Magnet. 71. The value of the temperature coefficient for the bifilar magnet, determined by temperature experiments on two days, which gave very consistent results, is q = 0:000304, See Table 19, Introduction, 1841-2 ; or if k = 0:00018, g = 2°34 scale divisions, this includes the theoretical correction for the expansion of the suspending silver wires and brass grooved wheels ; it did not seem improbable, however, that other sources of error might exist. The results for the balance needle shewed that this might be determined by comparisons of the daily observations ; such comparisons have been made, and the following Tables contain the results. The differences of the daily sums of the bifilar magnetometer readings are indicated by 4 (2), the Sy » t . . ve ses , ) are given in scale divisions whose value = 0:00013. results = a (0) * Tf other evidence of the accuracy of this method of determining the temperature coefticient should still be desired, I would refer to the coincidence of the results for the value of &, No. 51, and end of note, p. XXXvii. TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE BIFILAR MAGNET. hi TABLE 19.—Determinations of the Temperature Coefficient for the Bifilar Magnet, from Comparisons of the Daily Observations. ty > tor ZA (6) SSN (2) Mean of Mean results. result. Period. 1844. ° Se. Div. ¢ Sc. 5 Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. May 9—May 24 5334-9 | 13066-8 2359-6 4033-0) 1- 2:08 2:22 May 29-June 28 11938-2| 24597-2 2 : ‘7: 1-89 1:83 July 17—July 30 1843-1} 3004-0) 1-63 | 337: 470: ‘8: 1-73 1-77 Sept. 2—Sept. 25 27322-6| 53684-3 : 622-1 260- 2-08 1-99 1-96 Nov. 26—Dec. 13 17855-4| 36791-6 2143-7| 3104-5) 1-45 1-99 For all the Periods | 64294-2 131143-9 | 36482-7 The mean of the two final results gives g = 1-90 scale divisions; g = 0:000247 this value of g has been adopted, and all the observations in this volume are cor- rected by the equivalent values in scale divisions. 72. The following Table (similar to Table 15) contains the particulars of the comparisons for intervals of different length, from May 14 till June 28, 1844. TABLE 20.—Results of Comparisons at Different Intervals. Interval ty » Dat ty < botr Piel DGN7GG ee ee A ign compari- ee eee the com- | a compari- —2A (2) ZA (Z) pe A) compari- | 2A (2) —SA (6) I iapeacieraatial sons. ta ae Se. Div. ° 142-8 169-2 229-8 118-2 459-5 217-7 689-5 338-1 811-2 479-1 976-5 453-9 1194.2 590-7 949-9 502-9 790-7 413-4 805-6 362-9 864-5 390-9 1075-5 588-4 1324-3 698-2 1229-5 599-7 11543-5 | 5923-3 Se. Div. 8 311-6 8 656-8 8 1035-1 619-6 6 1255-5 650-5 w 1316-7 812-8 if 1574-1 896-7 8 2097-9 1198-1 Uf 1894-9 | 1081-4 6 9 8 8 6 9 5 = co 1821-9 | 1085-3 2030-1 | 1116-7 1970-3 997.0 1989-7 | 1147-8 1839-5 | 1087-9 1940-1 | 1171-5 21734-2 | 12623-2 WHAMDMOUNDWDAONOWHr 5 4 4 6 6 6 7 5 6 3 4 5) 7 6 4 Fo WO Re Rie eS eS SOSOHNNDOSOHRYORSO wT 10 intervals, For all eo ln INTRODUCTION TO THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. =A (2) ZA (é)? parisons have been of the readings on one day with those on the next following, the where the com- 73. With the exception of the results of the values of results are remarkably consistent for all intervals, and in no case does the result amount to that by temperature experiments ; as an evidence, however, that the first results differ from the others only accidentally, the following is given, which con- tains all the comparisons made of the readings on one day with those on the day immediately following, with the exception already mentioned for the balance magnet, No. 68 :— TABLE 21.—Results of Comparisons with One Day’s Interval. Period compared. No. of ZAE ZAZ comparisons. 1844. Se. Div. May 9—May 24 884-8 1792-6 May 29—June. 28 1262-5 1989-8 July 17—July 31 504-5 691-9 Sept. 2—Sept. 25 834-0 1551-9 Nov. 26—Dec. 13 842-9 1563-2 All the Periods 4329-0 7589-4 Tn this case it will also be remarked, that no partial result is as great as that from the temperature experiments. 74. As a farther evidence that the result obtained for this instrument is also independent of any cause, such as has been already suggested for the balance needle, the following Table contains the results of the comparisons on the same days as those already given for the balance needle, and on which the differences of tempe- rature depend on artificial heat :— TABLE 22.—Results of Comparisons when the Differences of Temperature depend on Artificial Causes. Day of No. of : ea ews E : - Error of | Resulting ae Days compared with ome ZA (T) =A (Zt) =A (2) | coodherant' Cerner 1843. 1843. ° ° Se. Diy. Se. Div, Se. Div. Jan. 23 | Jan. 18—21, 2428 ¥) +63-4 | 130-2 + 36:3 +0-29 1-61 Mar. 13 | Mar. 16—21, 5 —21-2 28-1 —14-6 — 0-52 2-42 Mar. 14 | Mar. 16—21, 5 — 27-5 26-1 — 8-0 —0:31 2-21 Mar: 15) | Mar, ai6==21' 5 — 29-0 28-1 + 4:8 +0-17 1-73 Mars 22)" Mara 16==olltod=——28 9 +791 62-4 +52-0 +0-83 1-07 Mar. 23 | Mar. 16—21, 24—28 9 +55-7 79-5 + 23-3 +0-29 1-71 Oct. 19 | Oct. 14—18, 20—25 9 —41-2 99-6 + 32-8 + 0-33 1-57 Nov. 25 | Nov. 21—24, 27—Deei. 1 9 — 84:5 97-0 + 29-9 +0-31 1-59 Dees 2is|| Dec, Né=20sou==o7, 9 —49-9 83-8 + 1-4 | +0-02 1-88 INCLINOMETER. hn The quantities a (wv) are obtained from the observations corrected by the co- efficient qg’ corresponding to the value g = 0:000247 (as in this volume), but are re- duced to scale divisions of the common value 0:00013. In one case only does the resulting coefficient exceed that by the temperature experiments. The final results are as follow :— = A(T) = — 55"1; = A (1) = 634°8, = A (2) = + 157°8 Se. div.; error of adopted coefficient — + 0-25 Se. div. If the three days, January 23, March 22, and March 23, on which the sign of 3 (T) is the same as the sign of 3 a (¢), be rejected, we shall have YA (T) = — 253°3; =F A (t) = 3627, Y A (a) = + 46:3 Sc. div.; error of adopted coefficient = + 0-13 Se. div. 75. It is not necessary to reason on these results; the remarkable agreement of the partial results by all the methods is at once evident. A cause of the differ- ence from the result by temperature experiments has been already pointed out, namely, the probable effect of temperature in diminishing the elasticity of the sus- pending wires. This source of error might be avoided by a silk suspension, but another of a much graver nature would be introduced, namely, the effect of varying humidity, which could not be eliminated. 76. All the observations of the bifilar magnetometer have been corrected by the equivalents in scale divisions of the coefficient g = 0°000247; the coefficients in scale division are given No. 39. § 8. INCLINOMETER. 77. The dip instrument was made by the late Mr Rosinson of London. The vertical circle is 95 inches in diameter ; it is divided to 10’, the graduations counting from 0° on the horizontal to 90° on the vertical; 1’ is estimated with the aid of lenses attached to a glazed case ; the vertical circle turns with a copper framework on a vertical axis, centred in a horizontal circle ; the latter is 6 inches in diameter, is divided to 30’ and is read to 1’ by means of a vernier. OD O OD or or Or Or Or TS SODADH “TOW WOR Te aT 20-10 19-27 25-43 31-76 33-54 31-22 26-94. 26-45 25:21 19-60 17:78 20-57 26-55 30-65 27-11 22-99 21-21 20-70 20-74 19-60 25-01 4. 24-65 90-¢ Aug. 30 28:33 || 506-6 | 60- 21:33 || 518-3 21-41 || 527-7 18:78 || 511-9 18-48 || 524-8 18-92 17:27 20-60 27-29 29-39 23-51 20-98 19-12 19-80 m. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OSS 1119'S SSS Ol SS StS 2S ONS SS 2S S279 F Sr Orr Or Or Or SrOrO Or Or Or pOsOrOrO1@ So oo.c ore So8 RY 6o 80 HOO o> We SK oon O Uw Cle Ww SCDHOaFrPNO EL Di Ds Ss Sd Or Or OF Cr Ct =" DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, circle reading,—Aug. 204 23h, 86°; 214 7h, 92°; 24a Th, 99°; 3Oa Bb, 98° BIri~ar, £=0:0001205. BALANCE. k=0:000014* approximately. Aug. 2la 7h, Deflection magnet vibrated in the Declinometer box. Aug, 234 0h 24d Gh. Magnot with short scale inserted in the Declinometer box, and the Balance magnet removed, in order to determine its temperature cor- rection, The Declination and Bifilar readings are corrected for the effect of the Balanee, x Aug Da The Balanco needle vibrated horizontally in the Declinometer box, and afterwards adjusted. Aug. 30d dh—Sept, Ld 22h, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer box, while the magnet with the long scale was used in the Extra Declinometer box for tomperaturoe experiments and intensity ouservations, DaAILy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AUGUST 30—SEPTEMBER 13. 1843. 19 Gottingen BIFILAR. BaLANce. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE, Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-j Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-} Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. } Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. a=) ok m. ° , Se. Div. © Mie. Div. © dq) hes'm 2 4 Se. Div. Q Mic. Div. 2 | | Aug.30 18 8] 25 17-92 || 510-3 | 57-6 |) 778-1 | 57-6 | Sept. 6 18 0|| 25 17-92 || 505-0 | 61-8 || 800-2 | 62-3 20 0O 16-36 ||504-2 | 57-3 || 789-1 | 57-4 | 20 O 17-43 || 489-3 | 60-2 || 839-2 | 60-7 ; 22) 0 19-74 || 494-3 | 57-8 || 788-3 | 57-8 2215 (0 17-45 | 489-2 | 60-5 | 848-7 | 60-9 Aug.31 0 0 26-28 493-7 60:3 || 773-3 | 59-7 | Sept. 7 0 0 24-28 || 494-8 | 62-9 || 834-2 | 62-6 Zw) 30-35 || 504-0 | 64-0 || 772-5 | 62-7 2 0 27-07 ||499-6 | 66.0 || 840-1 | 65-2 | 4 0 28-20 || 510-3 | 66-9 || 788-7 | 65-2 4 0 24-45 ||/510-1 | 69-9 || 838-6 | 68-1 : 6 0 25-87 || 512-0 | 67-3 || 804-0 | 66-0 } 6 0 19-57. || 506-3 | 72-1 |}839-5 | 70-5 8 0 21-45 ||516-0 | 66-8 | 810-7 65-6 8 0 19-87 ||511-2 | 71-6 || 816-1 | 69-7 10 O 21-82 || 516-1 | 65-5 || 787-3 | 65-0 | 10 0O 19-18 || 509-1 | 69-6 ||816-2 | 68-5 18 O| 25 18-03 | 506-0 | 61-3 || 772-4 | 61-5 18 0O|] 25 20-17 || 506-9 | 59-8 || 813-8 | 60-4 20 O 21-86 || 504-2 | 61-1 || 767-1 | 61-3 20 O 18-07 | 496-4 58:6 || 844-2 | 59-0 220 21-52 ||494-8 | 61-8 ||775-7 | 61-6 | 22 0 18-93 || 491-3 | 58-8 || 862-0 | 59-0 , Sept. 1 0 0 28-59 ||504-7 | 63-4 |] eee) | eeeeee 1 Sept. 8 0 0 25:46 ||493-9 | 61-9 || 847-0 | 61-5 2 0 31-89 |}514-3 | 65-2 |] --eee2 | ce eeee 2 0 27.20 || 495-9 | 67-0 || 850-2 | 65-5 . 4 0 27278) a5 25-0 66-0) Il =e. | .- 02. 4 0 25-12 {1518-2 | 71-8 || 837-1 | 69-5 6 0 19-42 ||491-8 | 67-0 |] --++-5 | eeeeee 6 0 21-07 ||508-7 | 74-9 || 860-9 | 72-4 8 0 17-60 || 511-8 | 66-9 || -----. | +... 8 0 20-55 ||507-6 | 74:0 || 823-7 | 72-0 } 10 O 17-70 || 503-5 | 66-0 || «+--+ | sees 10 O 16-18 ||506-7 | 71-9 || 811-0 | 70-6 18 O]] 25 19-14 || 505-4 | 62-8 || ------ | +--+. i 18 0|| 25 20-92 || 504-8 | 63-2 || 808-0 | 63-6 E 20 O 32-55 1478-0 | 62-7 |i --ee2 | cesses 20 O 18:00 || 496-0 | 62-0 || 826-0 | 62-5 PA) {N) 24-41 |/483-5 | 63-8 || -----) | eeeeee 223 0 22.85 ||482-9 | 61-9 || 840-6 | 62-3 Ly Sept. 2 0 0 26-83 |/485-6 | 66-7 |] -eeeee | ceeees Sept. 9 0 O 27-46 ||490-7 | 64-3 || 829-3 | 64-1 : 210 28-05 ||492-4 | 68-6 |] ------ | eee 250 30-33 || 505-3 | 68-9 ||822-3 | 67-5 i 4 0 26-60 || 503-8 | 69-2 || «+... Serctele 4 0 23-68 || 524-0 | 72-6 || 868-2 | 70-9 6 0 20-36 | 507-5 | 69-7 | ---. | ve 6 0 26-88 || 504-5 | 74-4 || 864-0 | 72-5 8 0 20:81 || 503-6 | 69-1 |] ----) | eeeeee 8 0 20-40 ||512-7 | 73-0 || 834-3 | 71-6 | 10 O 10:78 ||516-1 | 68-1 |) --+-e. | eeeeee 10 0O 13-89 ||504-1 | 71-0 || 823-7 | 70-0 4 Sept. SSO O50 18545) 50093) |) SSeS) Mlisccebe tbe eieets Sept.10 18 0|| 25 23-66 || 501-6 | 63-0 || 866-2 | 63-0 | 20 «OO MOG | AO5cOnl 5 Sea0 likctaes 1i|lUeseses | 20 0 23-40 ||494-7 | 62-9 || 869-7 | 63-0 22 0 18-60 || 495-8 | 58-7 |] --.--. | wee | 22 0 23-32 ||491-8 | 63-2 || 824-4 | 63-2 4 Sept. 4 0 0 93-68 ||498-0 | 60-6 |] ..---. | sees | Sept.11 0 10 29.25 ||495-2 | 65-0 || 829-0 | 64-6 f 2 0 SAO '5 03°40 |) G2x9) Wisma. | oe real 20 28-83 | 504-1 | 66-8 || 836-8 | 66-0 : | 4 0 BB3710) II) 1s) I) GV1C) Ingen one ntl | maeonee i 4 0 24.63 |1511-8 | 68-8 || 834-5 | 67-5 ! 6 0 DOMOWal 505 50 66:2 I --teee | ecce 6 0 29.21 507-5 | 68-9 || 833-0 | 67-7 4 3} .@) TQ 5 1GE9||5i2-OM 65-9) Wetkeees || «eet. ! 8 0 19-63 ||513-5 | 67-6 || 832-9 | 66-9 10 O TIEGQME ASG OU G3:Siallsseee ol) oeeene 10 O 16:08 || 506-5 | 66-2 | 823-3 | 66-0 | | TSMAONCS SMO OS al AOS al S50) Wicsccts ||| soees 18 0O|| 25 22-05 || 507-9 | 63-2 || 822-0 | 63-5 | 290 («OO NRG | ROL MSO): |Ieeccua ll eeacee 20 O 18-11 || 505-0 | 62-9 || 823-8 | 63-0 .| 292 0 DONO Sam AME a eb ae aeall nace |) cekie ss 22 0 19-59 || 492-5 | 62.9 || 816-0 | 63-0 ) PSept. 5 0 0 MielN0). |AGYRG) I GC). {Il Codene 21l aasooe | Sept.12 0 0 26-62 ||494-3 | 63-4 || 815-2 | 63-5 { 7 (0) 29-36 ||497-5 | 61-6 || 830-1 | 60-5 2/210 26-86 ||500-1 | 65-0 || 830-6 | 64-5 | 4 0 26-60 || 505-5 | 65-7 || 854-1 | 64-0 4 0 25:68 ||516-0 | 67-4 || 845-4 | 66-3 6 0 21-82 ||509-9 | 67-9 || 887-5 | 66-0 | 6.0 24-11 ||506-2 | 69-3 || 861-9 | 67-5 } | fy 0) 19-12 || 507-7 | 67-6 || 859-8 | 66-0 8 0O 21-22 ||514-3 | 69-0 || 833-1 | 67-5 p| 10 O 17-47 ||505-5 | 66-0 || 800-4 | 65-1 10 0O 19-44 || 507-5 | 67-1 || 812-3 | 66-5 | 18 O} 25 17-85 |/511-0 | 60-0 || 813-5 | 60-3 18 O|| 25. 18-97 ||501-5 | 60-1 || 792-5 | 60-5 20 O 22-36 ||496-4 | 59-8 || 817-5 | 60-0 20 O 17-49 || 500-2 | 59-1 | 819-1 | 59-5 22 0 26:56 ||489-9 | 60-9 || 834-1 | 60-7 2250 19-72 ||493-2 | 59-2 || 831-0 | 59-5 Sept. 6 0 0 27-37 |/499-1 | 64-0 || 805-0 | 63-4 [Sept.13 0 0 23-79 ||496-5 | 61-1 || 824-5 | 60-9 2-0) 27-03 ||506-0 | 67-0 || 822-2 | 66-0 2)>0 27.56 ||509-1 | 64-7 || 830-2 | 63-7 4 0 24-15 || 504-9 | 69-3 || 821-8 | 68-0 4 12 23-95 ||511-0 | 67-9 || 829-5 | 66-4 6 0 20-62 ||507-1 | 71-9 || 816-0 | 70-0 6 0 20-41 ||502-6 | 68-7 || 842-6 | 67-0 8 0 20-10 ||510-2 | 71-0 || 815-0 | 69-8 8 0 19-13 ||511-6 | 67-1 ||818-9 | 66-0 10 O 13-08 ||/518-4 | 69-4 ||S11-0 | 68-5 10 O 13-82 ||511-6 | 64.2 || 813-7 | 64-0 | DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Sept. 44 1", 53°* ; 124 23h, 82°. BIFILAR. ~k=0:0001205. BALANCE. k=0-000013* approximately. |. *Sept.14—54, The Balance magnet removed in order to determine its temperature correction : at 4¢ 1» it was vibrated horizontally in the Declinometer box, and afterwards re-adjusted. 20 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 13—27. 1843. a a a TY Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. | Gottingen BIFILAR, BALANCE, Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of IDECLINA= )|—— es Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-| Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. | Observation. | rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. idayjcbsiym. 2 Y Se. Div. 2 Mie. Diy. O ! qd oh. m. 2 fs Se. Div. ° Mic. Diy. c Sept.13 18 0]| 25 19-26 || 504-3 | 55-2 || 832-7 | 55-9 | Sept. 20 18 0|| 25 20-41 503-0 | 64-7 || 777-1 | 65-0 20 0 17-42 |1508-8 | 54-8 || 843-0 | 55-2 20 O 15-17 ||505-4 | 64-0 || 787-7 | 64.4 22 0 19-94 ||501-5 | 55-2 || 861-0 | 55-5 22 0 18-62 || 492-8 | 64-0 || 801-8 | 64-5 Sept.14 0 0 22-90 || 502-6 | 57-9 || 842-5 | 57-4 Sept. 21 0 O 23:09 ||496-7 | 65-4 || 805-3 | 65-4 240 26-17 ||511-3 | 61-3 || 825-0 | 60-0 2.0 26-32 || 500-0 | 67-3 || 799-6 | 67-0 4 0 23-79 ||511-4 | 64-7 || 827-0 | 63-0 4 0 26:45 | 512-1 | 69-7 || 799-2 | 68.4 6 O 20-37 ||516-1 | 65-9 || 831-5 | 64-0 6 0 22-43 | 506-3 | 70-8 | 828-9 | 69.5 8 0 15-83 ||510-7 | 64-9 || 842-5 | 63-6 8 0 8-46 | 505-1 | 68-9 || 829-1 | 68-0 107 10 17-81 512-1 | 63-6 || 830-3 | 63-0 10 O 18-75 | 509-6 | 66-8 || 812-0 | 66-9 18 0O/]| 25 18-82 || 510-6 | 60-2 || 816-1 | 60-4 18 O|| 25 19-56 ||495-8 | 57-3 || 768-9 | 58.2 20 0 16:80 || 508-4 | 60-1 || 830-0 | 60-1 20 O 19-00 |500-5 | 55-9 || 791-7 | 56-6 22 0 17-99 || 501-3 | 60-7 || 832-0 | 60-5 | 22 0 21-51 || 493-1 | 55-9 || 821-7 | 56-4 Sept.15 0 0 23-34 || 502-1 | 62-1 || 809-6 | 61-7 | Sept.22 0 0 24-87 |/499-0 | 58-3 | 813-6 | 58-1 2 0 25-81 507-6 | 65-3 || 816-5 | 64-2 | 2 0 27-58 || 518-1 | 62-9 || 824-1 | 61-9 4 0 22-32 ||505-2 | 68-3 || 816-0 | 66-6 4 0 26-19 ||517-1 | 67-4 || 868-5 | 65-5 6 O 19-37 ||514.7 | 69-7 || 803.4 | 67-6 6 0 22:92 ||516-3 | 70-0 || 816-8 | 67-6 8 0 19-13 || 511-8 | 68-7 || 799-3 | 67-0 8 0 18:55 ||513-5 | 69-0 || 813-4 | 67-5 10 20 19-15 || 512-3 | 65-7 || 796-0 | 65-2 10 O 14-72 | 507-1 | 67-0 || 804-6 | 66-0 18 O| 25 17-61 510-7 | 59-0 ||817-5 | 59-4 18 0O|) 25 20-11 500-3 | 57-4 || 815-4 | 58-0 20 O 16-87 || 506-1 | 58-0 || 834-5 | 58-5 20 O 20:03 || 501-2 | 56-1 || 821-8 | 56-8 220 20:10 || 501-0 | 58-2 || 840-6 | 58-4 | 22 0 20-32 || 490-2 | 56-1 || 824-7 | 56-5 Sept. 167 10"20 24:94 |1501-2 | 60-9 || 821-5 | 60-5 Sept. 23 OvnO 26-08 | 501-4 | 58-4 || 815-7 | 58-2 2 0 24-71 511-2 | 64:0 || 826-9 | 63-2 2 0 26-22 ||512-3 | 63-1 || 851-9 | 62-6 4 0 21:10 || 506-9 | 67-2 || 823-2 | 65-8 4 0 24-33 ||518-0 | 67-7 |) 837-0 | 65-7 6 0 19-94 ||514-3 | 68-2 || 826-1 | 66-9 6 0 15-19 | 526-9 | 70-7 || 834-0 | 68-3 8 0 19-40 ||516-4 | 67-9 || 807-8 | 66-8 8 0 20-01 ||/512-2 | 70-0. || 798-7 | 68-0 10 O 18:99 ||516-1 | 66-5 || 806-3 | 65-9 10 O 19-83 | 511-3 | 68-1 || 789-5 | 67-1 Sept. 17 18 O| 25 17-52 || 512-0 | 60-0 || 809-2 | 60-2 | Sept. 24 18 O]| 25 18-75 || 511-2 | 59-7 ||813-6 | 59-8 2020 16-62 || 506-0 | 59-8 || 821-2 | 60-0 20 O 16-80 || 507-3 | 58-6 || 824-7 | 58-6 22), 10 17-88 ||502-8 | 61-3 || 798-0 | 61-1 22), 0 20-23 | 491-8 | 57-9 || 823-0 | 57-9 Sept. 18 0 0 27-29 |1503-0 | 63-7 || 796-1 | 63-1 | Sept. 25 0 0 24:80 || 497-9 | 57-7 || 804-0 | 57-6 2 0 29-48 ||510-4 | 66-0 || 793-2 | 65-0 2 0 26-69 | 507-6 | 58-0 | 829-8 | 57-7 4 0 23-54 || 511-4 | 65-9 || 807-3 | 65-3 4 0 21-29 | 504-4 | 58-4 || 849-3 | 58-0 6 0 22-56 || 521-4 | 65-1 || 817-7 | 64-9 (0) 18-41 || 505-8 | 57-7 || 842-5 | 57-2 8 0 20-40 || 517-6 | 64-0 || 820-9 | 63-0 8 0 18-28 510-9 | 56-3 || 838-9 | 56-1 10 O 7:65 ||519-0 | 62-6 || 796-7 | 62-6 10 O 17-67 ||510-1 | 55-0 || 833-7 | 55-0 18 0} 25 19-98 || 502-9 | 55-7 || 761-4 | 56-2 18 0O|| 25 18-55 | 008-8 | 50-8 || 820-4 | 50-9 20 O 16-40 ||495-0 | 54-3 || 813-9 | 55-0 20 O 15-66 || 497-7 | 50-1 || 838-1 | 50-4 { 22)0 20-16 ||475-4 | 54-3 || 824-3 | 54-7 22), 0 19-96 | 488-2 | 50-6 || 832-9 | 50-5 | Sept.19 O 0 29-93 || 499.3 | 56-6 || 823-8 | 56-5 | Sept.26 0 0 27-34 |/491-6 | 51-2 | 822-6 | d1-1 2 0 27-19 ||512-9 | 60-0 || 828-6 | 59-3 2 0 28-47 502-5 | 52-6 || 827-1 52-0 4 0O 23-79 ||510-0 | 63-1 823-8 | 61-8 4 0 24-00 || 512-0 | 54-1 || 848-8 | 53-0 6 0 19-29 ||509-0 | 64:3 || 838-7 | 63-0 6 0 23:07 ||499-9 | 54-0 || 859-4 | 54-7 870 14-01 507-3 | 63-7 || 846-9 | 62-6 8 0 19-24 || 507-2 | 53-4 || 837-2 | 53-0 10 O 19-89 ||511-2 | 62:3 || 780-5 | 61-8 10 0| 12-90 || 504-9 | 52-7 812-8 | 52-3 18 0O]| 25 18-21 510-2 | 57-4 ||818-3 | 57-6 18 O/}|. 25 18-03 || 505-3 | 48-1 | 816-5 | 48-8 20 0 18-15 || 496-1 | 56-9 || 838-0 | 57-0 20:50) 16:97 || 499-6 | 47-4 836 3 | 48-0 h yp} (0) 23:06 ||492-4 | 57-3 ||831-8 | 57-5 q 22; 0) 17-88 || 489-0 | 47-9 || 829-1 | 48-2 Sept.20 0 0 23:39 ||500-5 | 60-6 || 822-0 | 60-0 Sept. eye: (N) (0) 24-06 | 489-1 | 49-8 | $11-2 | 49-6 2 0 28:45 ||508-8 | 63-0 || 823-9 | 61-6 2) (0) 25-95 504-0 | 52:0 || 813-7 | 50-9 4 0 28-67 ||514-7 | 65-9 || 830-2 | 64-6 4 0] 25:14 ||512:8 | 52:3 || 826-2 | 51-5 6) 0 19-83 || 513-3 | 66-9 || 833-6 | 65-5 6 0] 22-72 ||512-3 | 52.6 || 827-6 | 51-9 8 0) 16-17 ||512-4 | 66-0 || 831-0 | 65-3 8 0} 22-92 ||512-9 | 51-6 | $14-7 | 51-0 10 O} 15-49 ||510-0 | 65-0 || 806-4 | 64-5 1OPRO 21-31 || 514-2 | 50-0 || 811-6 50-0 DECLINATION, Torsion removed, circle reading,—Sept. 194 23, 75°; 274 3h, 73°, BirtmLaR. k=0:0001206. BALANCE. &=0°000013 approximately. | Sept, 264.—The Declination and Bifilar Magnetometers were supplied with closely fitting rectangular boxes, placed within the cylin- } drical boxes, for the purpose of destroying currents of air. The boxes of all the Magnetometers were covered inside and outside with gilt paper, The box of the Balance Magnetometer was removed after the observation at 4%, and replaced before that at 6, DaAIty OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 27—OcTOBER 11. 1843. 21 Gottingen | BIFILaR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. } Mean Time of DECLINA- |! Mean Time of || DrcriNna- . | Declination TION. | Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- /Thermo-|| Cor- /Thermo- I Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. t —— = —| d. h. m. © f Se. Div. 0 Mie. Div OD) Gay m. Q Z Se. Div. 2 Mie. Diy. 2. . Sept.27 18 0|| 25 20-32 |507-6 | 45-9 || 759-7 | 46-5 | Oct. 4 18 0O]| 25 23-46 | 511-4 | 58-1 ||737-3.| 58.3 20 O 22.20 || 506-4 | 45-1 780-3 | 45-9 20 O 23-86 || 506-2 | 57-9 || 747-0 | 58-0 22 0 23-66 ||478-5 | 45-3 822-2 | 45-9 220) 23-93 ||486-7 | 57-9 || 781-0 | 57-9 Sept. Zor 0) 10 31-36 || 480-1 | 47-3 823-9 | 47-2 |Oct. 5 0 O 32-53 | 493-6 | 58-2 | 770-2 | 58-1 200 30-89 | 501-2 | 50-0 || 838-2 | 49-1 2.-0 30-69 || 505-4 | 60-0 || 782-8 | 59-1 4 0 28-70 | 511-6 | 51-5 855-4 | 50-3 4 0 27-33 1513-2 | 61-6 798-4 | 60-4 6 0 23-06 | 512-4 | 51-9 | 847-0 | 50-7 6 0 25-31 || 505-2 | 61-5 | 849-6 | 60-5 8 0 22.25 510-4 | 51-0 || 832-2 | 50-4 $710 11-05 507-4 | 60-8 || 802-9 | 60-3 10 0 20-57 | 509-4 | 50-0 |/835-2 | 49-9 10 0 19-67 ||506-0 | 60-1 || 766-3 | 60-0 18 0] 25 20-79 ||504-7 | 44-9 || 809-1 | 45-9 18 O}] 25 22-83 503-2 | 58-7 746-7 | 58-5 ) 200 10 21-39 ||504-8 | 43-9 ||§20-4 | 45-0 20 0O 20-50 || 501-4 | 58-7 777-2 | 58-5 . 2210 20-79 || 493-2 | 44-1 ||847-3 | 45-0 2250 21-34 ||490-9 | 58-7 ||779-0 | 58-5 | Sept. 29) 10) 0 25:05 ||495-4 | 46-2 ||812-5 | 46-4 | Oct. 6 O O 28-50 1491-3 | 59-2 |765-6 | 58-9 } 7 (0) 27-29 ||508-4 | 50-0 || 812-0 | 49-0 220 27-60 506-2 | 60-6 || 782-3 | 59-9 4 0 26-45 ||519-7 | 51-9 817-7 | 50-5 4 0 23-17 512-4 | 61-1 790-7 | 60:5 6 0 23-83 515-7 | 52-3 ||842-1 | 51-1 6 O 20-41 ||506-6 | 61-1 785-4 | 60-7 8 0 17-99 ||502-9 | 52-1 || 854-3 | 51-1 8 0 21-35 | 508-6 | 60-7 | 775-7 | 60-4 10 0 21-10 |/511-4 | 51-9 | 831-5 | 51-1 10 0 18-73 || 502-2 | 59-9 ||775-1 | 59.8 | 18 Oj] 25 19-36 | 513-8 | 51-9 || 778-4 | 51-4 18 O|] 25 21-29 ||502-8 | 56-7 | 757-1 | 57-0 20 O 23-14 ||506-8 | 52-2 || 795-1 | 51-7 20 O 20-37 1504-3 | 56-4 | 775-2 | 56-6 2200 22.25 | 508-2 | 53-6 || 791-7 | 52-8 22 19 22.35 ||489-1 | 56-9 || 782-4 | 57-0 Sept. 30 0 O 25-38 ||502-2 | 56-7 ||782-8 | 55:5 | Oct. 7 O O 26-28 ||492-8 | 58-1 || 775-1 | 57-9 : 7 (0) 24-85 500-8 | 60-0 793-4 | 58-2 2) 10 27-43 ||504-7. | 60-0 | 767-4 | 59-2 4 0 26-43 ||514-9 | 61-9 || 789-0 | 60-0 4 0 24-06 1513-5 | 62:0 || 776-5 | 61-0 6 0 23-93 ||504-9 | 62-6 || 824-4 | 61-0 6 0 22-16 ||512-5 | 62:0 ||765-9 | 61-0 SiO 23-14 |/511-3 | 61-8 801-7 | 60-6 8 0 21-48 511-6 | 60-5 || 761-6 | 60-0 10 0 20-63 | 512-9 | 60-8 || 782-4 | 60-1 10 0 21.32 || 507-1] 59-1 || 767-6 | 59-3 Oct. 118 O|f 25 21-24 | 504-1 | 57-0 | 764-3 | 57-6 | Oct. 8 18 O|| 25 21-71 ||505-4'| 48-3 | 806-6 | 49.2 2050 23:53 ||497-9 | 56-1 || 779-5 | 56-9 20 O 19-87 1505-7 | 47-7 1815-1 | 48-5 22 0 23-21 || 494-2 | 56-1 || 791-0 | 56-6 22): 0 21-04 ||492-7 | 47-8 || 820-1 | 48-4 Oct, 2.10) 0 27-47 ||498-4 | 57-0 ||789-5 | 57-2 | Oct. 9 O O 25-18 ||489-6 | 49-1 || 822-1 | 49.2 ) 2 0) 28-15 || 503-1 | 58-6 || 792-2 | 58-1 2 0 27-94 ||499-3 | 50-2 || 810-1 | 49-9 4 0 23-27 ||489-9 | 59-7 || 811-1 | 59-0 4 0 25-22 ||506-9 | 50-8 ||814-6 | 50-3 6 0 23-39 || 510-8 | 60-0 || 801-6 | 59-2 6 0 21-37 || 508-3 | 50-7 |1822-1 | 50-1 8 0 21-32 ||509-0 | 58-7 || 805-4 | 58-4 8 0 23-17 || 513-8 | 50-1 1814-5 | 49.9 ' IO 0 22-30 505-3 | 57-0 || 797-3 | 57-1 10 0 21-84 || 510-7 | 49-7 ||814-6 | 49.6 18 0O|}| 25 22-16 | 506-5 | 51-6 ||792-6 | 52-2 18 O|| 25 21-98 511:7 | 47-7 ||812-8 | 48-0 | 20 0 31:04 ||497-6 | 51-2 || 768-6 | 51-7 20 O 25-48 1505-5 | 47-2 ||823-3 | 47-6 20 25-19 |497-4 | 51-5 || 789-5 | 51-5 22710 23-10 ||499:1 | 47-2 ||819-2 | 47-5 Oct. 3 0 O 31:32 ||493-9 | 52-6 824-3 | 52-4 | Oct. 10 0 O 24-60 || 494-0 | 47-7 || 811-2 | 47-8 20 28-15 || 506-0 | 54-3 || 801-3 | 53-6 2, 10 29-29 | 508-4 | 48-7 | 808-5 | 48-5 4 0 25-43 || 507-0 | 55-7 || 806-5 | 54-9 4 0 26-52 ||509-0 | 49-9 | 810-1 | 49.3 6 0 22-62 ||508-5 | 56-0 || 808-8 | 55-4 6 0 23-06 || 512-4 | 50-1 || 811-8 | 49-5 8 0 18-53 || 506-4 | 56-0 | 810-9 | 55-4 8 0 19-63 ||505-5 | 49-3 | 818-8 | 49.0 | 10 0O 20-88 511-7 | 55-7 || 798-2 | 55-2 10 O 15-74 ||499-9 | 48-1 || 809-2 | 48.3 | | 18 O]| 25 23-32 503-2 | 53-8 || 794-7 | 54-0 18 0] 25 21-96 ||510-5 | 45-2 |) 808-7 | 45-9 20 0 21-37 || 505-5 | 53-6 || 804-2 | 53-5 20 O 21-24 1504-4 | 44-9 || 819-8 | 45-5 ; 22 0 23-17 ||498-6 | 53-9 812-5 | 53-9 22500 19-93 ||494-6 | 44:9 | 818-4 | 45-2 Oct, 4 0 O 27-51 1500-3 | 55-9 || 812-1 | 55-0 | Oct. 11 O O 25-36 ||497-6 | 44-9 | 805-6 | 45-3 2 0 30-02 1512-6 | 57-9 || 801-1 | 56-8 2 0 26-64 ||504-3 | 45-1 | 811-1 | 45-5 4 0 25-14 ||519-3 | 60-3 || 803-1 | 58-8 4 0 25-19 ||517-1 | 45-3 ||819-2 | 45-5 6 0 21-59 | 513-8 | 61-3 || 789-6 | 59-8 6 0 23-16 1514-5 | 45-3 | 819-9 | 45-5 8 0 22-96 ||515:0 | 61-0 || 781-3 | 60-0 SEO 22.32 ||513-0 | 45-0 || 821-3 | 45-4 | 10 O 21-02 ||510-5 | 60-5 || 781-2 | 59-8 10 0O 21-42 |513-7 | 45-0 | 815-6 | 45-2 | DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, circle reading,—Oct. 64 1%, 88°. BIFILAR. k=0:0001208. BALANCE. k=0:000013 approximately. MAG. AND MET. ops. 1843. E 22 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, OCTOBER 11—25. 1843. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Mean Time of DECLINA- | Mean Time of DECLINA- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-} Cor- |Thermo Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Geo em. v if Se. Div. Go Mic. Diy. 3 Ges Leino fae SINAN Se. Div. . Mie. Diy. a 1 Oct. 11 18 0O|| 25 22-08 || 510-5 | 43-3 || 819-2 | 43-8 | Oct. 18 18 O] 25 16-89 ||514-2 | 53-6 || 754-6 | 54-6 - 20 0 20:82 || 507-5 | 43-2 ||818-9 | 43-5 20 0 16-43 ||514:5 | 53-4 ||794-0 | 54.9 j 22 0 20:52 || 496.4 | 43-1 || 819-4 | 43-5 | 22 0 17-88 || 500-3 | 52-0 || 820-2 | 54.0 /Oct. 12. 0 0 26-84 ||500-7 |:43-8 ||805-5 | 44-0 | Oct. 19 0 O 22-65 || 503-8 | 53-7 || 805-8 | 55-3 2...0 28-17 || 506-8 | 44-9 || 813-0 | 44-7 2 0 24-53 || 516-0 | 56-0 | 786-9 | 57-0 | 4 0 23:79 || 513-2 | 46-1 || 825-4 | 45-5 | 4 0 22:08 || 518-8 | 58-3 || 792-9 | 58.9 6 0 23-23 ||515-6 | 47-0 || 814-9 | 46-0 6 0 18-12 | 512-8 | 58-6 |/813-0 | 59-0 8 0 22-22 1515-4 | 45-9 || 813-7 | 45-5 | 8 0 19-71 ||512-3 | 58-1 ||816-2 | 59.0 10 0 19:56 ||510-8 | 44-0 || 802-1 | 44-4 10 Oj. 15-69 || 516-8 | 56-8 ||813-8 | 58-0 18 0] 25 20-70 | 508-1 | 37-7 | 820-8 | 38-9 18 0] 25 17-98 ||497-1 | 47-7 || 759-3 | 49-5 20 0 20-50 || 504-3 | 36-9 ||826-0 | 38-0 20 0 18:59 ||495-8 | 46-9 || 807-5 | 48-5 22 0 21-24 | 499-5 | 37-1 || 826-8 | 38-0 22 0 19-72 ||490-3 | 46-9 ||826-0 | 48-3 1Oct. 13 0 O 28-32 || 500-6 | 39-1 || 821-0 | 39-5 | Oct. 20 0 O 25-95 ||497-2 | 47-8 || 837-4 | 48-5 2° 0 30-13 || 513-5 | 42-0 | 835-5 | 41-5 2 0 25-10 || 511-0 | 49-0 || 836-1 | 49.0 4 0 27-20 || 514-6 | 43-7 ||865-5 | 43-0 4 0 23-40 | 513-8 | 49-7 | 838-2 | 49.5 6 0 23-50 ||513-7 | 43-6 || 848-7 | 43-0 6 0 22-23 ||/514-9 | 49-9 || 833-0 | 49.6 8 0 22-79 ||512-6 | 42-4 | 839-7 | 42-4 8 0 20-65 || 506-4 | 49-5 || 847-1 | 49.3 10 0 22-43 | 512-9 | 41-1 || 833-0 | 41:5 10 0 21-02 ||510-6 | 49-2 || 830-7 | 49-2 18 0|| 25 21-29 | 508-5 | 37-9 || 820-7 | 38-7 18 0O|| 25 20-47 ||510-3 | 48-0 || 818-4 | 48.4 20 0 20-30 ||512-5 | 37-5 || 824-6 | 38-3 20 0 20-25 ||507-3 | 48-0 || 830-1 | 48.3 H 22 0 27-29 || 490-3 | 37-9 || 847-7 | 38-5 22 0 21-30 ||503-0 | 48-3 || 836-6 | 48-4 Oct. 14 0 0 28-57 | 502-4 | 40-2 ||841-2 | 40-2 | Oct. 21 0 0 24:00 ||505-9 | 48-9 ||829-8 | 48.6 2 0 27-98 ||517:0 | 43-6 || 830-7 | 42-5 2 0 24-52 || 509-9 | 50-0 || 828-1 | 49-5 4 0 25-14 || 517-5 | 45-6 ||841-2 | 44-3 4 0 22-42 ||514-4 | 51-5 || 828-4 | 50-5 6 0 22-65 | 518-4 | 46-2 || 839-5 | 45-0 6 0 22-17 ||516-2 | 52-0 ||813-8 | 50-9 8 0 22:72 ||509-9 | 45-0 || 868-5 | 44-5 8 0 21-24 |/514-9 | 51-1 || 813-3 | 50-4 10 O 17-59 || 501-9 | 43-0 || 832-7 | 43-0 10 O 21-20 | 511-8 | 49-3 ||814-6 | 49.5 { Oct. 15 18 O| 25 21-91 || 504-6 | 34.9 |/814-2 | 36-2 | Oct. 22 18 0O]) 25 20-77 ||511-1 | 49-9 || 797-4 | 50.0 20 0 23-91 ||494-6 | 34-0 || 827-2 | 35-4 20 0 19-95 || 508-0 | 49-4 || 812-0 | 49-8 | 22° 0 24-13 || 493-2 | 34-0 || 834-1 | 35-0 22 0 21:90 || 499-0 | 49-5 || 817-4 | 49-6 | Oct. 16 0 0 27-33 ||491-8 | 36-2 ||845-0 | 36-5 | Oct. 23 0 0 26:02 || 504-5 | 50-2 || 808-3 | 50-0 2 0 25:96 | 512-8 | 39-9 || 856-0 | 39-3 2 0 25-87 |510-8 | 51-2 || 816-4 | 50-7 4 0 25:25 ||519-9 | 42-9 || 860-0 | 41-7 4 0 22:25 | 514-2 | 51-7 || 823-1 | 51-0 6 0 22:36 || 520-3 | 43-3 || 858-4 | 42-4 6 0 22:05 ||515-8 | 51-3 || 805-5 | 50-9 8 0 20:72 | 521-0 | 42-7 || 828-5 | 42-0 8 0 21-33 || 515-1 | 51-1 || 807-1 | 50-8 10 O 12-36 || 549-3 | 41-5 || 828-9 | 41-5 10 O 20-77 | 513-1 | 51-2 || 810-8 | 50-9 18 0O|| 25 21-88 || 508-4 | 38-7 || 844-6 | 39-4 18 0} 25 20-25 ||514-6 | 49-3 || 800-8 | 49-5 20 0 24:60 || 494-3 | 38-5 |) 841-9 | 39-2 20 0 19-40 | 508-9 | 48-7 || 814-2 | 49-0 22 0 24:01 | 497-9 | 38-3 || 840-3 | 39-0 22 0 19-55 || 496-0 | 48-4 || 818-6 | 48-6 1 Oct i107 10 24:89 ||495-9 | 38-5 | 846-4 | 39-0 | Oct. 24 0 O 26-86 || 502-7 | 48-6 || 809-9 | 48-7 2 0 18-41 || 492-4 | 39-3 ||901-7 | 39-7 2 0 28-14 | 503-9 | 48-6 || 819-3 | 48-7 4 0 25:32 |508-5 | 39-1 || 884-6 | 39-5 4 0 23-13 | 508-5 | 48-0 || 831-9 | 48-3 6 0 22-25 ||507-3 | 39-0 || 889-7 | 39-5 6 0 21-67 |/514-3 | 47-1 | 813-4 | 47-7 | 8 0 22-67 || 507-6 | 38-9 || 855-6 | 39-3 8 0 21-13 || 512-0 | 46-2 || 812-4 | 47-0 10 0 22:58 || 512-3 | 38-3 || 843-6 | 39-0 10 0 19-95 | 506-7 | 45-1 |821-9 | 46-0 18 0O]|| 25 22-32 | 500-3 | 34-9 | 833-0 | 36-0 18 0] 25 19-65 {510-9 | 40-2 || 825-2 | 41-6 | | 20 0 20:90 || 494-7 | 34-1 || 846-6 | 35-4 20 0 20-90 | 508-5 | 39-6 | 827-6 | 40-9 . 22 0 20:77 || 494-8 | 34-2 | 851-6 | 35-6 22 0 22:57 ||496-2 | 39-3 | 833-3 40-5 Oct. 18 0 0 24-67 ||494-7 | 36-8 || 837-9 | 36-8 | Oct. 25 0 0 24-86 || 504-3 | 41-0 || 827-5 | 41-5 | 2 0 27:50 ||518-5 | 42-0 || 830-6 | 41-7 2 0 25-65 || 511-0 | 43-6 | 820.7 43-2 4 0 24:52 ||521-8 | 45-9 || 827-0 | 45-0 4 0 23-00 || 514-0 | 46-1 || 842-6 | 45-2 6 0 23-00 || 519.6 | 49-0 || 832-8 | 47-8 6 0 23-28 ||517-6 | 47-2 || 840-1 | 47-0 8 0 23-29 || 514-9 | 48-2 || 832-7 | 47-7 8 0 21-11 |515-3 | 46-2 || 820-4 | 45-6 LOO 16-11 || 518-9 | 49-9 |} 816-5 | 49-8 10 0 20-34 | 510-9 | 44-9 | 820-8 | 44-9 | | DucLInaTION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Oct. 144 1, 97°; 174 23h, 100° ; 184 9b, 110° ;* 194 23%, 93°.+ BirinaR., £=0:0001205,. BALANCE. k=0:000013 approximately. * Oct. 184 Oh—8h, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer box. + Oct. 194 22h—254 22h, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer box. DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, OCTOBER 25—-NOVEMBER 7. 1843. 23 Gottingen BIFILAR. | BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Mean Time of DECLINA- | Mean Time of DECLINA- 4 Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|} Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION, Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-| Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. | a oh m. | o “4 Se. Div. o Mie. Div. 2. Gh m. S ud Se. Div. o Mie. Div. o Oct. 25 18 0] 25 19-18 ||513-9 | 39-6 || 815-3 | 40-8 | Nov. 1 2 O]] 25 23-64 ||511-7 | 38-3 || 847-5 | 38-4 20 O 24-82 ||507-6 | 38-8 || 808-5 | 40-8 ALD) 20-77 1517-8 | 41-0 || 849-4 | 40-4 22 0 21-97 || 497-5 | 38-7 || 824-7 | 39-6 6 0 18-89 ||517-8 | 41-9 | 832-0 | 41.2 | Oct. 26 0 0 25-27 || 493-4 | 40-1 || 853-8 | 40-6 S70 18-59 ||515-7 | 41-4 |} 828-8 | 41-0 2 0 26-28 || 507-9 | 42-9 || 848-7 | 42-5 | 10 0 14-42 || 514-5 | 40-2 | 829-0 | 40-5 9. f 4 z Fy 4 | ) att Baal oe ae Sede onl as 18 O}| 25 17-07 || 511-6 | 37-7 | 811-2 | 38-5 | 6 0 19-26 ||498-8 | 45-2 || 920.7 | 44-5 at at ; ; a 20 0 18-21 ||509-1 | 37-3. | 821-1 | 38-0 | SE ‘0 20-34 || 508-3 | 44-6 || 861-7 | 44-3 : Fall ec is 5 : TAG Mao aa aod all @oael_ 45.6 22 0 19-22 | 505-8 | 37-2 || 831-4 | 38-0 | & 7 23 0 20-20 || 506-4 | 37-5 |1832-3 | 38-1 | 18 0|| 25 21.04 |/507-9 | 36-3 ||s02-4 | 38.0 | Nov. 2 © 0 BE 80,2100) | 38-3 829°6") 38-6 Sale 2 x: 2 0 25-24 1517-6 | 40-6 ||830-7 | 40-4 20 O 20-13 || 504-1 | 35-2 || 823-8 | 36-7 ae |sze 190. Ul ebes ‘ ss ; 4 0 22.85 ||523-5 | 42-0 ||829-7 | 41-5 22 0 19-93 || 493-8 | 35-0 || 839-2 | 36-1 | ; e G nae ‘ ; " MS GinnO 22:00 || 525-3 | 42-6 |1817-9 | 42:1 Oct. 27 0 0 25:90 || 493-9 | 36-5 || 850-1 | 37-0 Bese en al Kier Ne : ae ; i on 8 0 20-13 ||510-3 | 42-6 || 834-9 | 42.3 2 0 24-17 |/515-1 | 39-6 || 857-8 | 39-3 ONAO 17-07 1511.6 | 42-4 |s30-2 | 49.5 4 0 20-40 | 507-6 | 41-3 | 877-8 | 40-8 te 6 0 19-84 ||510-3 | 41-9 || 861-5 | 41-4 18 0] 25 21-98 | 508-4 | 38-0 | 783-9 | 39-3 | S10 20-87 ||512-9 | 41-8 || 846-7 | 41-5 20 0 24-11 ||507-8 | 37-6 | 797-6 | 38-6 | 10 0 19:93 {1510-6 | 41-0 ||835-0 | 41-0 | 22 0 21-10 || 498-0 | 37-2 || 825-5 | 38-3 | 23 0 24:94 || 495-0 | 37-2 | 821-2 | 38.2 $i} 18 O|| 25 20-03 ||511-1 | 40-7 ||834-6 | 41-0 | Nov. 3 0 O 26-45 ||493-5 | 37-5 | 837-7 | 38-3 20 0 20-57 |1511-0 | 41-1 ||833-0 | 41-1 2 0 25-51 1503-7 | 38-3 | 859-6 | 38-8 | 22 0 20-82 || 502-3 | 42-0 || 835-2 | 42-0 4 0 22-33 ||512-6 | 39-9 | 855-0 | 40-0 | 238 (0 20-90 || 502-0 | 42-6 || 825-9 | 42-5 6 0 21-28 ||514-4 | 40-6 || 840-8 | 40-5 || Oct. 28 0 0 23-29 || 495-3 | 43-0 1830-1 | 42-9 Sto 13-71 ||517-6 | 40-6 ||836-5 | 40-5 | D0 23-93 || 508-9 | 44-0 || 828-3 | 43-6 10 0 21-05 ||510-2 | 40-2 | 832-6 | 40.3 | Papa se 1G oar ol B87 | 44-2 18 0|| 25 19-89 ||514-2 | 41-8 |816-2 | 41-7 6 0 20-63 1516-5 | 44.4 || 827-5 | 44-1 50410 90.48 1513.5 | 49.9 920.2 | 49.9 | Bae meme son 219-0), 44-0 8241) 440 22 0|| 20-70 ||505-5 | 44-0 | 819-5 | 43-9 | men fee re 22:9), 43-3. 9//820:8 | 43-5 23 0|| 23-76 ||505-8 | 44-8 [816-7 | 44-5 }Oct. 29 18 0|| 25 19-39 || 506-2 | 37-3 |s20.9 | 38-9 [Nov * 9 0 OE AIS AC NCEE eae : 2 0 24-77 ||522.7 | 47-8 ||814-4 | 47-0 20 0 18-60 || 507-4 | 36-7 || 830-3 | 38-0 2 ; e 2 atl esse 4 0 21-95 || 521-8 | 49-7 ||805-2 | 48-5 22, 0 19-83 || 495-4 | 36-3 || 841-3 | 37-5 Ee pre : i 6 0 21-78 ||517-2 | 49-9 || 793-3 | 49.0 | 23 0 23-32 || 495-0 | 36-1 || 830-2 | 37-4 aio pileun aia Goo Meese aco Oct. 30 0 O 24:74 |1494-5 | 36-3 || 836-7 | 37-4 onto SOeulleieael aes 758.9 Hed | Oa 27-36 || 497-2 | 36-7 |1851-5 | 37-5 . a) 25-92 ||507-1 | 36-9 ||873-3 | 37-5 | Nov. 5 18 0O|| 25 20-60 ||512-2 | 46-2 |801-8 | 46.3 | 6 0 21-37 ||510-1 | 37-0 || 864-2 | 37-6 20% 0 20:50 || 511-0 | 46-8 || 801-3-] 46-5 8 @ 22-62 || 511-0 | 37-3. ||851-3 | 37-8 22 0 23-19 ||506-4 | 47-3 || 801-3 | 47-0 10 0 17-76 ||507-3 | 37-7 || 854-1 | 38-0 23510 25-78 ||505-8 | 47-8 || 801-0 | 47-5 Nov. 6 0 0 27-91 ||507-4 | 48-6 | 805-1 | 48-0 18 O]] 25 19-39 ||512-4 | 37-5 ||826-8 | 38-0 2 0 27-87 ||514-.2 | 49-6 1812-1 | 49-0 { 20 O 20-07 ||507-8 | 37-0 || 836-9 | 37-6 4 0 23-90 || 511-2 | 50-9 ||816-2 | 50-0 Px) (0) 21-28 ||498-0 | 36-7 || 842-8 | 37-4 Ge0 20-70 ||515-6 | 51-0 | 800-3 | 50-0 | 23 0 27.70 || 491-7 | 37-0 || 840-4 | 37-5 8 0 20-10 |\514.4 | 49-9 |792-1 | 49.4 | Oct. 31 0 O 26-79 ||500-4 | 38-3 || 841-4 | 38-5 10 O 18-62 ||509-9 | 48-4 || 795-3 | 48-4 r| 5 (0) 23-93 1511-7 | 41-8 || 841-9 | 41-0 7 | 4) 22.65 517-1 | 44-1 847-1 | 43-0 18 O/]| 25 20-13 510-9 | 46-3 || 792-4 | 46-5 6 0 18-86 |1513-8 | 44-6 || 846-2 | 43-5 20 O 19-63 || 508-8 | 46-1 | 796-9 | 46.3 | 8 0 12.27 ||525-2 | 43-4 || 823-0 | 43-0 22 0 19-68 | 502-0 | 46-0 | 803-8 | 46-2 10 0 17-88 || 509-3 | 41-7 || 824-4 | 42-0 23 0 21.24 | 497-9 | 46-3 || 810-8 | 46-5 INOveEE a LOO 23.24 ||501-8 | 47-0 || 808-2 | 47-0 18 O|| 25 16-85 || 508-7 | 36-6 || 800-3 | 37-7 20) 24-82 |1513-6 | 48-7 ||810-1 | 48.3 20 O 17-96 ||507-1 | 36-0 || 809-7 | 37-0 4 0 24.53 || 509-2 | 49-8 || 822-9 | 49.0 2270 17-14 ||503-3 | 35-7 || 831-7 | 36-7 6 0 20-72 || 509-9 | 49-3 || 826-1 | 48-8 | 23 9 19-54 ||498-1 | 35-9 || 842-7 | 36-8 8 0 20-45 || 511-2 | 48-0 $14.6 | 47-9 | Nov. 1 0 0 21-98 1503-2 | 36-3 || 844-0 | 37-0 10%0 18-59 ||507-0 | 46-7 | 806-2 | 46-9 DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Oct. 254 23, 111°; 314 14, 108°; Nov. 14 233%, 109°. BIFILaR. k=0:0001205. BaLance. k=0:000013 approximately. 24 DAILY OBSERVATIONS Of MAGNETOMETERS, NOVEMBER 7— 20. 1843. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR. BALANCE. Mean Time of DECLINA- Mean Time of DECLINA-_ ||, | Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|} Cor- |Thermo- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. dejnaeh m. 2 i Se. Div. OQ) Mie. Diy. S GES ie | dark C i Se. Div. 0 Mie. Diy. ° Nov. 7 18 0|| 25 20-55 ||508-2 | 43-1 ||807-4 | 43-8 | Nov. 14 2 0O]| 25 19-15 || 508-2 | 41-0 || $49.2 | 41.4 20 O 19-84 | 505-7 | 42-2 | 811-8 | 43-0 4 0 20-40 ||515-8 | 43-0 || 865-3 | 42-9 22:0 18-28 ||501-3 | 41-7 || 811-7 | 42-4 6 0 17:79 | 513-4 | 43-6 | 864-8 | 43-4 f 23,5 (0 19-77 ||501-0 | 41-7 || 813-0 | 42-4 8 0 17-23 ||510-2 | 42-9 | 865-6 | 43-0 Nov. 8-0/0 21:05 || 503-6 | 42-0 || 812-5 | 42-5 10 O 15-09 | 503-8 | 41-8 || 869-2 | 42-0 2a Ol aN eagee ali pe aia a ei eee Oe s 18 35|| 25 17-40 |/506-7 | 38-6 |/865-2 | 39.9 | 4 0 22-62 ||510-0 | 43-6 || 833-2 | 43-5 SMS | 5 20 0 18-13 || 503-5 | 38-3 || 867-1 | 39-0 | 6 0 18:37 || 512-2 | 43-0 || 823-1 | 43-0 ie E } 22 0 17:19 | 504-6 | 38-2 | 870-2 | 38-8 8 0 18-42 || 508-6 | 41-8 || 822-4 | 42-0 23 0 18-45 |509-0 | 38-1 || 860-5 | 38 10 Of 15-45 || 499-7 | 40-1 |-830.0 | 40-7 ea ee ee 2 | ae Nov. 15 0 0 20-08 || 503-3 | 38-2 || 860-3 | 38-9 { 18 O}} 25 19-95 || 501-0 | 36-2 |804-6 | 36-9 20 22:99 ||510-4 | 38-7 || 868-6 | 39-0 | 20 0 20:92 ||511-3 | 35-6 || 795-6 | 36-2 4 0 20-48 || 507-9 | 38-9 | 884-0 | 39.4 | 2210 19-05 || «+++. & lliseecleiete 810-8 | 35:9 6 0 20-43 || 507-5 | 39-1 || 873-0 | 39-5 | 23 0 Di QD aN te pare rarss| esstersieve 814-9 | 35-9 8 0 15-49 ||508-2 | 39-8 || 880-0 | 40-1 | | Nov. 9 0 0 23:77 || 456-0 | 36-4 || 814-1 | 36-2 10 0 19-53 || 511-7 | 40-0 || 859-5 | 40-5 | Bd eure ees nore a noes al oat eae 1g o|| 25 18-15 |/511-6 | 38.0 842-7 | 385 | | 4 0 19-95 466-0 | 38-6 || 837-1 | 38-3 i 20 0 19-15 || 504-9 | 37-5 || 863-6 | 38-0 6 0 19-12 || 465-4 | 38-8 ||829-7 | 38-5 E | 22 0 19-29 ||504-8 | 37-1 || 858-7 | 37-7 8 0 18:37 || 465-4 | 38-3 || 824-8 | 38-3 as = 10 0 17-90 | 464-1 | 38-0 |820-0 | 38-0 23 0 19-80 || 502-7 | 37-1 || 859-8 | 37-7 if Nov.16 0 0 20-94 || 504-6 | 37-2 | 858-3 | 37-8 18 16]| 25 18-26 || 466-1 | 37-2 | 815-5 | 37-7 2 0 21-21 | 507-6 | 37-8 | 855-9 | 38-2 20 O 18-35 ||466-1 | 37-3 | 818-7 | 37-9 4 0 20-63 || 513-4 | 38-6 || 865-7 | 38-9 22 0 18-95 || 460-0] 37-7 ||824-5 | 38-0 6 0 21-98 || 512-8 | 38-9 || 864-9 | 39-6 23/0 19-70 ||460-5 | 37-9 || 824-1 | 38-1 8 0 15:86 || 505-3 | 38-8 || 877-8 | 39:0 Nov.10 0 0 20-51 || 462-6 | 38-2 | 818-7 | 38-5 10 O 15-19 || 504-5 | 38-8 || 882-3 | 39-2 Brille fh cance a Weal eemale cee ecce 18 0|| 25 19.86 ||509-7 | 40-5 | 846-0 | 40-6 4 0 19-98 ||/465-3 | 39-6 || 838-5 | 39-5 ‘ 20 0 17-86 || 511-7 | 41-8 || 849-5 | 41-6 6 0 20:08 || 467-0 | 39-9 || 831-6 | 40-0 Z Fe 22 0 19-06 || 508-9 | 42-9 || 852-5 | 42-8 8 0 18:37 || 505-2t} 42-4 || 828-0 | 40-5 z 10 0 18:07 {1507-0 | 41-9 |1811-2 | 40-7 23 0 20-41 || 509-0 | 43-7 || 850-3 | 43-9 Nov.17 0 0 21-02 || 509-2 | 46-0 | 861-5 | 43-0 18 O]] 25 16-87 || 510-4 | 40-8 | 808-4 | 41-0 230 21-35 || 515-7 | 46-3 || 859-3 | 45-3 20 O 17-62 || 508-9 | 41-3 || 810-8 | 41-3 4 0 19-71 | 519-1 | 48-2 || 854-2 | 46-4 22 0 19-61 || 501-7 | 41-9 || 818-3 | 41-8 6 0 18-65 || 516-7 | 47-0 || 851-4 | 46-3 { 23 0 19-95 ||500-8 | 42-1 | 815-9 | 42-0 8 0 19-15 | 514-5 | 45-8 || 852-3 | 45-5 Nov. 11 0 0 21:05 || 501-9 | 42-7 | 818-5 | 42-5 10 0| 16-71 || 514-4 | 44-7 || 853-3 | 45-0 : Farkit SorrUllo eee ase Ul cece Gee 18 0] 25 18-16 |509-8 | 41.0 ||s46-1 | 41-7 4 0 20:90 ||507-7 | 44-9 | 814-4 | 44-5 es . c 20 O 18-01 | 509-0 | 40-1 || 849-0 | 41-0 6 0 19-08 {503-2 | 45-0 || 818-7 | 44-9 - zc : 22 0 19:09 || 507-2 | 39-8 || 852-4 | 40-6 8 0 18-82 || 505-2 | 45-0 | 817-8 | 44-9 : leas = 10 0 16-27 |506-8 | 44-7 1816-5 | 44-7 23 0 20-20 || 507-3 | 39-8 | 840-7 | 40-4 Nov. 18 0 0 21-58 | 510-8 | 40-0 | 844-0 | 40-8 Nov. 12 18 0O|| 25 18-86 || 509-5 | 40-9 ||804-4 | 41-6 Pa ND) 21-91 || 515-4 | 40-9 || 848-9 | 41-3 20 0 17:88 || 520-7 | 40-9 || 803-7 | 41-6 4 0| 21-04 | 518-4 | 42-0 | 852-9 | 42.0 22 0 18:63 || 501-3 | 41-0 || 802-8 | 41-5 6 0 21-21 || 513-6 | 42-0 || 858-8 | 42-0 23 0 19-31 ||}503-0 | 41-1 f] vseeee | eeeeee 8 0 19-89 || 510-0 | 41-4 || 874-1 | 41-7 Nov. 13 0 0 21:91 || 507-4 | 41-6 |] --+08 eo] seseee 10 0O 17-91 | 509-7 | 40-7 || 865-2 | 41-0 D) 22.42 Ke CHG EP | apa t el Nae [ise pe See | ee Nov. 19 18 0|| 25 19-60 ||515-7 | 40-9 || 840-1 | 41-3 4 0 DAES OPA SOO sen aga ulltisciearey ip cesses : Se ele 650 93.23 |1511-8 | 46.0 é : 20 0 18-25 || 514-7 | 41-1 || 844-8 | 41-5 Bs A 24s OLS he aaa 22 0 18-28 | 510-4 | 41-3 || 846-6 | 41-6 8 0 15-30 SO2Z6 1 45-9) lMemenes loses SEN |r = 2 > 10 0 16:87 1504-1 | 45-0 ||805-0 | 45-0 23 0] 19-87 | 510-3 | 41-7 || 845-3 | 42-0 °™ [Nov.20 0 Of 21-15 |/512-3 | 41-9 || 838-4 | 42.0 18 0] 25 18-37 ||502-0 | 40-0 || 833-6 | 41-0 20) 21-34 || 515-8 | 42-0 || 844-4 | 42-1 20 0 18-56 |) 505-4 | 39-1 || 837-7 | 40-4 4 0} 19:67 ||518-2 | 42-9 || 851-1 | 42-9 22 0 20-62 || 501-4 | 38-6 || 842-0 | 39-5 6. 0] 19-29 519-6 | 42-9 || 843-2 | 43-0 \ BY oe 20-11 || 501-4 | 38-6 831-9 | 39-5 S01 19:02 | 517-1 | 42-3 || 841-7 || 4255 Nov. 14 0 0 22:87 || 503-4 | 38-9 | 827-0 | 39-8 10 0O 18-48 | 515-6 | 41-8 || 844-3 | 42-0 \] | | i DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Noy. 74 21%, 114°; 134 23h, 117°; 154 14, 108}°.|| Birinar. kt=0-0001300, BALANCE. k{=0°000014 approximately. Nov. 7d 22h—154 Oh, Magnot with short ee in the Declinometer box. juneen aks SAP for the purpose of determining its temperature correction ; a spare magnet was substituted, and the instrument ad- . t Nor. a a sate readjusted 5 observation made at Sh 40m, : ou u A JNOv. 1M. Dotlooting magnet Hieeoied neha Den ee ee mneraznre eaeeaat. TO Datty OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, NOVEMBER 20—DECEMBER 2. 1843. 25 meetingen i Filial BIFILAR. | BALANCE. geeaneen ? ‘ Se ee ean Lime 0. £ vA= iJiean Lime 0 ECLINA= | } Declination TION. Cor- Thermo-| Cor- /|Thermo- Declination | TION. | Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo-| afi Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. | rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. | Gk Tigg aan be Z Se. Div. S || Mic. Div. S d h = : Se. Div. ce Mic. Diy. S ] Nov. 20 18 0] 25 19-87 | 518-2 | 41-0 | 831-9 | 41-5 | Nov.27 2 0|| 25 20-54 | 590.2 | 52.2 1844-1 | 50.0 rf 20 0 18-35 || 516-4 | 41-1 || 835-5 | 41-5 4 0| 19-02 | 518-1 | 51-9 || 843-9 | 50-1 i 22 0 17-34 || 513-5 | 41-3 | 839-9 | 41-6 6 0 18-41 | 516-6 | 50-7 ||841-7 | 49.9 ay 23 0 19-20 ||}513-9 | 41-7 || 836-1 | 42-0 8 0 18-38 | 516-6 | 50-0 ||837-2 | 49-6 | Nov. 21 e : Zoe 516-2 | 42-3 || 835-9 | 42-5 10 0| 17-86 ||515-1 | 49-5 || 840-5 | 49-5 0-82 ||518-5 | 43-9 || 845-6 | 43. ee z OFS 2a) 2219 Bie aeohl aes 18 0] 25 17.04 |/516.2 | 48.4 |/g33.9 | 48-5 4 0 19-89 |/519-0 | 44.5 ||845-6 | 44-2 | she a }eeos0 20 0 18-48 | 517-7 | 48-3 || 831.2 | 48-5 6 0 19-26 || 516-3 | 44-0 | 851-5 | 44-1 z Se | eat Rex 22 0 17-41 || 512-9 | 48-2 | 839-0 | 48-5 8,0 14-28 || 507-3 | 43-8 || 864-0 | 44-0 |< | ab ‘nei MeiGee| cee lene Ieee 23 0 18-21 || 512-1 | 48-2 ||837-5 | 48-5 | Nov. 28 0 0 19-63 || 512-3 | 48-2 ||836-9 | 48-5 ) 18 0] 25 19-17 ||516-6 | 46-3 || 835-8 | 46-0 2 0 20-88 || 515-9 | 48-2 ||840-1 | 48-7 | 20 0 18-55 |516-7 | 46-2 | 830-8 | 46-0 | « 4 0 21-14 | 512-6 | 48-3 [851-0 | 48.7 22 0 18-95 || 513-4 | 46-1 | 829-8 | 46-0 6 0 20-54 | 508-4 | 48-3 | 862-3 | 48-5 4 23 0 19-83 ||513-1 | 46-0 ||825-1 | 46-0 8 0 17-94 ||511-5 | 48-2 ||880-9 | 48-7 | Nov. 22 0 0 21-82 ||514-5 | 46-1 || 822-3 | 46.2 10 0. 17-20 || 511-3 | 48-3 || 866-0 | 49-0 | 2 d 512- i 34.2 2 ey are | Ale orale ccoul see? | 460 18 0] 25 17-78 |/517-5 | 47-4 ||s36-7 | 47.0 § 4 0 19-26 ||514-4 | 45-8 | 845-9 | 46-0 ned zi 1 bie = le aan aaa 20 0 18-01 || 515-6 | 47-0 ||840.0 | 46-8 6 0 19-02 || 515-4 | 45-2 | 846-5 | 45-5 99 : . : 9 18-48 || 509-0 | 46-6 || 842-5 | 46.4 j 8 0 18-41 ||514-0 | 44-1 |/841-2 | 44.7 Behe : Pe io ton eistoll aso isio7 | 43.0 23 0 19-81 ||511-5 | 46-4 | 836-6 | 46-4 . “ | Nov. 29 0 0 20-75 511-2 | 46-3 || 837-5 | 46-5 18 0] 25 16-10 || 515-8 | 39-0 | 836-1 | 40-0 2 0 19-93 | 512-1 | 46-6 |848-1 | 47-3 20 0 18-90 || 511-2 | 38-8 || 831-1 | 39-5 4 0|| 20-54 | 508-5 | 47-3 ||859-6 | 48-0 22 0 19-46 || 507-0 | 38.7 || 840-2 | 39.4 6 0 17-85 ||516-3 | 47-6 |1851-8 | 47-5 23 0 20-34 || 504-5 | 38-6 || 834-7 | 39-2 8 0 16-67 ||515-3 | 47-0 || 846-3 | 46-9 0 0 21-55 || 508-0 | 38-6 || 832-8 | 39-1 10 0 16:44 | 515-0 | 46-3 || 846-0 | 45-9 PPA ee eet] 2885) 885-7 | 398 18 0|| 25 15-99 |515-1 | 42-3 [837-8 | 41-2 4 0 21-41 ||511-6 | 39-0 ||859-0 | 39-5 eee |e S = 2 2 20 0 17-72 || 511-7 | 41-5 || 844-2 | 40-5 6 0 18-46 ||514-6 | 39-0 | 859-5 | 39-5 : = ? 22an0 18-65 || 509-4 | 41-0 ||850-1 | 40-4 8 0 17-12 ||513-1 | 38-9 ||851-7 | 39.4 59 10 0 16-71 [513-2 | 38-7 |/852-9 | 39.1 NR epee omits Seite") 30:6 Nov. 30 0 0 19-37 ||511-8 | 40-8 || 849-4 | 40-8 18 0|| 25 18-21 ||514-8 | 35-8 ||837-9 | 36-5 2 0 18-65: || 514-9 | 40-9 ||847-3 | 41-1 20 0 17-29 ||512-3 | 35-0 || 837-7 | 36-0 4 0 17-20 ||516-6 | 41-4 ||846.9 | 42-0 22510 17-34 ||510-4 | 34-7 || 835-7 | 35-5 6 0 17-27 516-3 | 42-2 845-7 | 43.3 23 0 19-19 ||512-9 | 34-9 || 828-0 | 35-5 8 0 14-25 ||515-9 | 43-0 ||850-2 | 44.2 0 0 21-58 516-6 | 35-3 || 826-8 | 36-0 10 0 16-70 || 514-2 | 44.0 ||850-6 | 45-0 eee etal) of Onl Be8-2 | 39:1 18 0|| 25 17-27 ||513-0 | 43-7 || 832-3 | 43-5 4 0 21-41 || 519-4 | 43.2 || 869-0 | 43-4 Ses : 20 0 16-44 517-9 | 42-9 | 831-2 | 42-5 6 0 19-89 ||524-0 | 44.9 || 857-5 | 44-9 ie f e 22 0 18-55 || 507-0 | 42.0 |/836-9 | 41-5 8 0 19-86 || 519-4 | 47-0 || 865-0 | 47-5 5p 10 0 16-71 || 523-0 | 51-4 || 858-6 | 52-2 3 0] 21-78 | 508-2 | 41-8 | 841-9 | 41-3 Dec. 1 0 0 22-11 || 510-0 | 41-3 || 844.0 | 41-0 18 0] 25 17-81 || 521-9 | 55-3 || 848-3 | 57-0 2570 19-74 |511-7 | 40-9 |852-4 | 40-8 20 0 17-89 || 522-8 | 55-8 || 838-2 | 57-5 4 0 21-28 | 511-1 | 40-6 |/856-8 | 40-6 22 0 18-46 || 516-2 | 55-6 ||837-8 | 57-0 6 0 17-67 || 506-2 | 40-2 ||875-7 | 40-3 23 0 19-60 ||512-8 | 55-0 || 839-1 | 57-0 8 0 13-98 | 508-9 | 39-9 ||872-1 | 39-5 0 0 20-63 || 510-7 | 54-7 | 848-9 | 56-5 10 0 10-31 || 507-9 | 39-0 |/868-1 | 38-5 Peace ante sas 6 8529)) 368 18 0|) 25 17-69 |513-0 | 36-0 ||s38-1 | 35-5 | 4 0 19-39 ||517-3 | 54-8 || 860-1 | 56-7 20 0 16-38 ||515-6 | 35-7 || 835-5 | 35-3 6 0 18-38 ||518-5 | 53-9 || 866-8 | 55-9 : 22 0 17-88 | 503-9 | 35-6 ||845-4 | 35-8 8 0 18-41 ||519-3 | 54-2 || 859-6 | 56-5 aGun izon leies lene lecae | aes 23 0 21-31 |/501-5 | 35-7 || 848-5 | 36-3 Dec. 2 0 0 23.29 ||505-1 | 36-0 || 848-8 | 36-9 ov. 26 18 0|| 25 17-91 ||521-0 | 48-7 || 844-7 | 48-7 (0) 25-75 || 496-8 | 37-3 ||879-4 | 39-6 20 0 18-05 519-2 | 48-9 | 847-6 | 48-9 4 0 23-73 || 512-5 | 38-6 ||887-5 | 39-9 2 0 18-01 ||516-3 | 49-0 | 844-2 | 49-0 6 0 19-24 || 517-0 | 39-7 || 869-3 | 40-9 23 0 19-22 ||515-0 | 49-1 || 838-8 | 49-0 8 0 18-45 || 515-2 | 40-4 | 855.2 | 41-5 0 @ 20-34 ||516-8 | 51-3 || 839-6 | 49-5 10 0 17-88 514-6 | 40-8 ||851.2 | 41-6 DECLINATION. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Nov. 234 1», 1123°; 294 1}, 1163°. >= BIFILAR. k=0:0001300. BaLance. k=0:000014 approximately. Nov. 27418. The temperature of the Bifilar magnet, after this, is obtained from a thermometer with its bulb resting in a cup ina rass bar. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. eG; 26 DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 3—15. 1843. | Gottingen BIFILAR, BALANCE. Gottingen BIFILAR, BALANCE, Mean ‘lime of DECLINA- 1 Mean Time of DECLINA- Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo-| Declination TION. Cor- |Thermo-| Cor- |Thermo- Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. | Observation. rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. GES tee pace ° , Se. Div © | Mic. Div. ° ad. h m 2 u Se. Diy. s Mie. Div. 2 Dec. 3.18 O| 25 18-68 ||517-8 | 45-9 ||817-3 | 46-5 | Dec. 9 2. 0}) 25 24:38 | 516-3 | 46-0 || 834-2 | 46-5 20 «OO 90-14 ||515-1 | 46-0 || 820-1 | 47-0 4 0 21:98 || 520-0 | 46-3 || 843-4 | 47-0 22 0 19-80 ||513-3 | 46-6 || 820-6 | 47.2 6 0 92-36 | 512-2 | 46-7 | 853-7 | 47-0 23 0 19-29 513-7 | 46-7 || 817-7 | 47-5 8 0 9-84 | 527-3 | 46-7 || 852-5 | 47-0 Dee. 4 0 O 90-47 1511-9 | 46-8 |1818-0 | 47-5 10 O 18-15 || 510-4 | 46-9 || $49-0 | 47-7 2) 21-44 ||/513-7 | 47-3 || 825-4 | 48-3 Dec. 10 18 20|| 25 23-10 || 511-1 | 46-4 ||778-0 | 46-9 4 0 19-53 513-2 47-8 || 830-8 | 48-5 Se 20 0 19-20 | 512-9 | 46-3 ||804-8 | 46.7 6 O 18-03 14-1 48-0 || 829-3 | 48-7 292 0 20-99 || 501-9 | 46-2 || 821-8 | 46-6 8 0 17-61 ||513-9 | 48-0 || 829-6 | 48-5 23 (0 21-86 ||514-0 | 46-2 || 821-5 | 46-7 10 O 17-38 o11-5 | 48-0 837-8 | 48-5 Dec. 11 (0 O 23-19 511-2 | 46-2 832-1 | 46-9 18 O|| 25 18-92 1517-5 | 47-8 || 823.3 | 48.2 2 0 23-44 | 515-3 | 46-7 ||841-8 | 47-5 20 0 18-05 1517-8 | 47-9 || 824-8 | 48.2 4 0 23:16 || 517-7 | 47-1 || 852-5 | 48-0 92 0 18-41 1514-8 | 47-9 || 822.5 | 48.2 6 0 22-72 | 513-1 | 47-6 | 869-3 | 48-1 23 0 19-31 |508-9 | 47-9 || 823-3 | 48-5 8 0 6:05 || 530-6 | 47-9 || 867-9 | 48-9 Dec. 155 OL 20-50 |510-7 | 48-0 || 824-5 | 48-5 10 0 19-34 ||510-6 | 48-0 || 852-5 | 48-6 210 22.63 |/514-0 | 48.2 || 841-1 | 48-9 18 || 25 21-29 | 505-7 | 47-7 || 826-1 | 48-0 Sal eR TEAS | Sake ceo EHC 20 Ol) 21-28 | 518-9 | 47.5 || 834-0 | 47-9 6 0 17-94 512-5 | 48-2 | $50.2 | 48-5 22 0 20-63 || 514-3 | 47-2 || 832-4 | 47-4 id Ms tee | a SEG 23 o| 20-97 |512-9 | 47-1 || 830-3 | 47-4 10 O 17-95 | 509-5 | 47-1 || 853-9 | 46-7 ! Dec. 19°60 - 0 23-93 1511-9 | 47-0 || 835-0 | 47-3 18 O] 25 19-86 1514-9 | 44-1 |] 839-3 | 43-7 2 0 27-87 | 510-7 | 47-0 | 851-8 | 47-4 20 0 90-45 |1515-0 | 43-9 || 839.8 | 43-5 4 0 21-98 || 515-7 | 47-0 || 887-4 | 47-6 225 10 9}-32 1512-4 | 43.6 ||841-5 | 43-4 6 0 14-78 | 517-4 | 47-1 || 869-9 | 47-5 23 0 294-74 ||508-5 | 43-5 |1846-0 | 43-4 8 0 16-55 || 506-2 | 47-3 || 871-1 | 48-2 | Dee. 6 O O 24.57 |1511-0 | 43-4 || 847-2 | 43-5 10 0 19-39 || 513-9 | 47-3 || 826-1 | 47-8 2 0 25-58 1513-0 | 43-6 || 853-0 | 44-0 ” : ‘ ed 18 0]| 25 20-60 || 515-0 | 47-0 || 832-0 | 47-4 4 22 OP en Ole 2 00 8008 ere 20 0 21-10 | 514-3 | 47-0 || 832-3 | 47-6 SS] 203 ster jase [asco] ase | ao} oun |stza azo |snoa are 10 0 19-15 || 502-2 | 44.5 | $50.2 | 45-0 | ae pepe (ieee OC Nees |S 4 OP ieee es eON 0 99.29 || 513-5 | 46-9 || 839-5 | 47-2 18 O]] 25 17-88 ||520-5 | 44-2 |1816-1 | 44-7 | 2 0 22-99 ||514-9 | 46-9 || 838-0 | 47-3 20 0 19-87 ||516-0 | 44-3 || 827-8 | 44.9 Ae 10 21-84 ||518-8 | 46-9 || 846-6 | 47-3 22 0 20:70 |514-2 | 44.5 || 839.8 | 45-0 6 0 20-61 || 517-3 | 46-9 || 846-5 | 47-2 23 0 21-68 511-4 | 44-6 || $30.2 | 45-3 8 0 13-62 || 504-8 | 46-8 || 881-4 | 47-1 Dec. 7 0 O 93:26 |1512-1 | 44-7 || 831.2 | 45-5 10 O 21-28 || 512-6 | 46-9 | 849-7 47-2 AGO Giete \etee lee. lenel cee 18 0] 25 217 | 5148 | 469 | 8304 | 473 6 0 20-75 518-4 | 47-3 || 838-9 | 47-3 atone meee (eriea ees | cece | eo 8 0 90-34 || 515-6 ar a x 22 0 21-35 || 512-5 | 47-1 || 835-2 | 47-5 Be OTS 7-0 | 832-4 | 48-0 511-4 | 47-0 || 834-6 | 47-5 10 0 18-79 ||513-7 | 47-8 || 832.3 | 48-7 aut aes wl : : e Dee. 14 0 O 23-50 || 510-9 | 47-0 || 837-4 | 47-5 19 0] 25 19-89 1518-8 | 47-0 |ls19.4 | 47-0 2 0 21-95 || 513-5 | 48-2 | 844-1 | 47-9 20 40 20:50 1517-5 | 46-8 || 822.6 | 46-8 4 0 20-74 {1517-5 | 48-2 || 845-7 | 48.0 22 0 20-61 514-6 | 46-6 ||821-3 | 46-5 6 0 18-82 || 517-0 | 47-9 || 843-3 | 48-0 23/00 92-11 |1515-7 | 46-4 |1817-1 | 46-5 8 0 20-13 || 517-5 | 47-8 || 842-8 | 48-0 Dec. 8 0 O 22.80 [1515-7 | 46-4 1823-7 | 46.5 Ko = (0) 17-24 | 513-6 | 47-9 | 839-3 | 48-0 a oldie ane ecu ace eee aiees 18 0] 25 19-60 | 517-3 | 48-9 | 826-5 | 49-1 6 0 25-14 | 510.6 | 46.6 874.8 47.0 20 ee emai ace | 8 0 17-88 |} 502-8 | 46-7 [947.9 | 47-2 oem 20:48 || 814-6) 40-8 ooo ea 10 0 pion loueaaliaers aie A 23 0 21-05 | 513-7 | 49-9 | §34-2 | 50-0 = ; ee u Dee. 15 0 O 92-08 ||513-8 | 49-9 || 833-9 | 50-1 18 0] 25 22.55 |/530-7 | 46-3 | 816-0 | 46-5 | 210 22-40 | 516-6 | 49-9 || 834-3 | 50-0 20 O 24:24 1533-2 | 46-1 792-0 | 46-5 4 0 21-81 516-6 | 49-6 | 846-9 | 49-6 22 0 20-20 ||513-6 | 46-0 || S18-2 | 46-1 6 0 21-01 514-8 | 49-0 | 841-0 | 49-1 23 0 21-28 513-1 | 45-9 |1813-0 | 46-1 8 0 20-03 | 515-4 | 48-6 | 839-0 | 48-6 Dec. 9 0.0 22:58 912-5 | 45-9 {1826-9 | 46:3 10 O} 19-31 514-8 | 48-0 | 839-3 48:0 4 Q 3 rae Q)]0 SON ‘ no DECLINATION, Torsion removed, circle reading,—Dee. 54 3h, 113}°, LO8**; 144 3h, 119". BIVILAR. 4=0°0001800, BaLaANcE. k=0-000014 approximately. * Dee. 54 3, Aftor removing the torsion from the suspension thread of the Declinometer, the magnet, being too near the copper ring, was wound up a little, and the torsion again removed as above. Dec. 72.19%, A mistake in the time of an hour was made this morning, which was not discovered till S» 40™, when an observation was made, Dee, 14a 1h, Removed the inner box from the Bifilar Magnetometer for comparisons of thermometers. See Introduction. DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 15—28. 1843. Gottingen | Mean Time of DECLINA- | Declination TION. Observation. | os d. hb. Dec. 15 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oem OCF So OoloO | 516-8 | 517-4 | 510-8 | 516-4 | 5176 | 515-9 | 517-5 | 510-8 || 520-0 || 018-6 | 514-0 BIFILAR. BALANCE, Cor- |Thermo- rected. | meter. || Se. Div. S 517-8 | 44-6 | 519-2 | 44-0 1515-9 | 43-4 1515-4 | 43-2 | 515-2 | 516-9 | 518-0 517:8 520-4 517-7 512-2 516-7 519-1 517-9 519-5 518-0 520-0 518-0 518-9 O17-4 519-4 517-4 518-4 518-3 519-0 514-4 513-6 517-3 516-0 520-4 518-7 516-2 514-9 513-7 o17-7 518-9 Cor- | rected || Mic. Di 832-3 834-5 §39-0 | 835-3 || 836-2 | $35-6 | 837-9 || 838-9 838-8 | 841-5 | 819-3 | 893-1 827:3 || 827-2 828:8 833-9 §39-8 || 846-1 856-7 || 848-3 | 820-9 | 825-2 827-3 820-3 828-9 832-6 837-2 832-9 834-8 837-1 | 826-1 825-3 819-7 817-9 823-7 833-3 §56-5 843-6 840-5 | 839-8 | 824-6 831-1 834-5 836-7 | 843-5 | 840-7 | 841-3 || 841-2 Thermo- . | meter. Vv. DECLINATION. BIF1LarR. k=0:0001300. Dec. 184 0h—2 Gottingen Mean Time of Declination Observation. BALANCE. (=) =) (Sea =) ecocos DECLINA- TION. 20-10 18-63 18-08 17-59 16-91 17-74 17-24 17-54 18-01 19-26 20-20 18-87 18-60 18-33 16-84 17-49 17-31 17-36 18-68 21-21 20-75 19-56 18-12 18-01 16-60 19-00 17-18 17-85 19-46 20-70 22-47 19-91 19-13 17-88 17-41 16-38 17-83 19-76 21-24 22-65 21-21 19-94 20-81 17-92 17-04 15-14 17-44 24-60 23-07 23-07 23-32 21-41 20-57 17-20 17-11 BIFILAR. 27 BALANCE, Cor- rected. Thermo- meter. Cor- rected. Se. Div. 519-7 | 520-3 520-2 | 516-6 516-7 521+1 520-6 owhoOoe DW SoONONATw 49-0 49-3 49-9 50-1 45-7 839-8 | 841-5 836-2 834-8 831-8 827-4 826-3 827-8 825-5 | 827-5 | 828-8 838-3 837-1 837-3 836-5 815-7 816-1 (817-5 822-4 $23.9 /§28-0 | 829-2 (832-9 (832-5 831-2 | 830-0 827-9 833-1 | 827-9 836-0 830-5 839-3 836-4 834-2 | 831-2 822-5 823-0 823-0 829-4 830-1 | 827-7 840-5 876-4 885-1 858-7 824-1 828-9 (834.7 827-5 839-6 866-3 878-0 867-8 862-6 851-7 Mie. Div. Thermo- meter. Torsion removed, circle reading,—Dec. 174 23h, 1224°, k=0:000014 approximately. h, Magnet with short scale in the Declinometer. 28 Gottingen Mean Time of Declination Observation. ‘d-aehs Dec. 28 18 eccoooooscoCo SF DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 28—30. 1843. DECLINA- TION. 25 18-43 18-25 19-89 17-18 19-17 21-21 18-82 17-64 17-92 15-22 BIFILAR. BALANCE, BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen DECLINA- Mean Time of TION. Cor- |Thermo-|} Cor- |Thermo- Declination rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Observation. 2 4 Se. Div. © Mic. Div. °, dee 7h: m. 25 18-41 ||517-1 | 45-3 || 830-8 | 45-7 | Dec. 29 18 0 18:06 ||517-5 | 45-2 || 833-0 | 45-7 20 O 17:78 ||515-7 | 45-3 || 835-4 | 45-7 22 0 18-55 || 512-7 | 45-3 || 835-0 | 45-8 2310 18-93 || 513-7 | 45-3 || 837-5 | 45-9 | Dec. 30 O O 20-99 ||515-8 | 45-8 || 833-8 | 46-3 2 0 19-89 ||514-5 | 46-7 || 838-2 | 47-0 4 0 19-73 ||516-5 | 46-9 || 835-5 | 47-2 6 0 19-15 || 512-8 | 46-9 || 842-0 | 47-2 8 0 12:50 || 508-6 | 46-8 || 837-9 | 47-0 10 0 DECLINATION. ‘Torsion removed, circle reading,—Jan. 14 34, 1844, 120}°. BIFILAR. k=0:0001300. BALANCE. k=0:000014 approximately. Cor- |Thermo-|| Cor- |Thermo rected. | meter. || rected. | meter. Se. Div. © Mie. Diy. e 519-2 | 46-3 || 823-1 | 46-5 518-1 | 46-0 || 824-8 | 46.4 © 512-5 | 46-0 || 835-8 | 46-3 516-7 | 46-0 || 836-9 | 46-3 513-6 | 46-0 || 833-8 | 46-4 511-9 | 46-2 || 844-1 | 46.7 517-6 | 46-3 | 841-3 | 46-8 515-5 | 46-3 | 839-3 | 46-5 507-2 | 46-0 | 855-3 | 46-2 514-2 | 45-8 | 849-8 | 46-0 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETO METERS. MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY, 1843. 30 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. : Gottingen JANUARY 18, 19. ean Lime Dee netion DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- Biri,arR | BALANCE DECLINA- BirinarR | BALANCE | DeEctina- BIFILAR | BALANCE | Observation TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. | ° ‘ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. - / | Se. Diy. | Mic. Div. | Se. Div. | Mie. Div. ; ° uv Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. | 102. 144, | 18h, Q90h, 25 27-36| 533-5 781-8 | 25 27-85| 557-2 | 753-5 538-5 | 755-8 | 25 27-78 | 532-5 763-3 27-29) 533-6 781-3 27-58| 537-2 753-9 : 538-4 7548 | 28-08 | 532-1 764-2 | 26:79 | 533-2 781.7 27-13) 537-3 754-6 27-73 | 538-0 754-8 27-80} 532-6 761-6 26-69| 533-7 779-7 26-94} 538-1 754-6 27-65 | 538-2 756-4 28-00} 532-3 762-0 26-66 | 534-2 779-1 27-17) 537-5 755-4 28-05 | 537-9 757-9 | 27-58 | 529-5 761-9 | 26-75 | 533-9 776-0 27-29| 537-5 756-4 28-21} 537-4 758-6 27-71} 530-3 762-5 26-80} 534-5 775:4 27-34 | 538-3 755-6 | 28-34] 537-1 759-6 28-17 | 529-8 762-1 | 27-29) 534-5 774-4 27-56 | 538-7 756-2 | 28-14] 537-4 760-1 | 28-25 | 529-8 764:8 | 26-91] 534-8 773-6 27-78 | 537-9 756-7 28-27) 537-3 760-6 | 28-17 | 529-5 762-2 | 26-75 | 534-5 773-1 27-43 | 537-9 7571 27-96 | 537-9 761-2 | 27-93 | 529-4 762-5 26-28) 534-3 772-3 27-46 | 537-4 758-2 27:93 | 537-6 760-5 | 27-93 | 529-4 763-8 H 26-48! 534-3 772:8 27-34| 538-2 757-4 27-40] 538-6 758-2 | 28-15! 530-4 | 764-3 | 11, 15%, 192, 23h, 25 26-75 | 534-0 773-2 | 25 27-78 | 538-4 758-2 | 25 27-73 | 538-5 759-5 | 25 28-62| 528-9 | 764-1 | 26-86 | 532-2 772-6 28-10 | 537-7 758-9 27-67 | 537-8 759-6 28-88] 530-5 764-6 | 25-31} 532-6 769-9 98-50 | 537-3 759-5 27-83 | 537-5 757-2 | 28-88 | 528-9 768-8 | 22-99 | 533-1 769-2 28-42 | 537-5 759-4 27-80| 537-7 | 756-4 | 28-34| 527-8 | 768-7 | 21-55 | 535-4 768-2 28:42) 539.2 759-0 27-83 | 538-0 | 755-8 27-98} 531-4 769-5 20-23 | 539-2 764-8 28-50) 539-4 758-4 27-49 | 535-9 757-1 28-81] 530-5 | 770-6 | 18-68 | 543-3 762-6 28-82 | 538-8 758-0 | 27-34 | 536-7 | 757-6 28-89} 530-1 | 771-1 f= } 19-10| 546-6 | 762-7 28-27) 537-8 | 759-0 27-49 | 537-7 755'8 | 29-38| 527-6 | 772-9 20-61| 544-7 762-5 28-12 | 537-3 758-9 27-46 | 538-1 752:8 | 29-17| 529-2 | 772-1 21-39| 541-4 | 763-4 27-67 | 537-0 | 758-8 27-74| 537-8 | 751-1] 29-41] 529-3 | 771-7] | 22-03| 537-6 | 762-4 27-33 536-0 | 758-5 27-74| 537-4 | 750-5 | 29-21) 528-7 | 7722) | 22-62 | 537-3 | 762-8 27-09 | 537-4 | 759-2 27-98| 536-4 | 749-2] 29.68] 529-3 | 77201 | 12h, 162. 20h, oh, 25 23-29) 536-4 762-1 | 25 28-08 | 538-8 759-3 | 25 27-98) 536-2 747-7 | 25 29-83| 529-3 | 771:8 | 24-00 | 534-8 762-6 28-00} 538-8 758:8 | 27-96 | 536-0 747-6 | 30-05 | 529-4 | 773-4 24-06 | 532-8 762-4 28-44} 538-3 759-4 28:07 536-0 750-3 30-13 | 529-2 7728 23-86 | 534-3 761-5 28-52] 538-1 758-8 | 28-15) 536-1 748-2 | 29-95 | 528-8 | 773-5 i 24-30 | 536-8 760-8 28-48 | 538-4 756-6 | 28-07 | 536-0 749-1 29-88) 529-0 774-0 r 24:99 | 537-6 | 758-7 28-57| 538-7 | 756-6 | 28-00| 536-7 | 750-4] 30-25| 528-9 | 775-1) | 25-41)| 536-4 758-7 28-28 | 538-8 755:3 28-17) 535-9 755-2 30-63) 529-9 | 774-7 1] 25-41| 536-6 758-7 28-41 | 538-7 755-8 | 27-68 | 536-0 756-6 | 30-69} 529-2 | 776-9 ( 25-59 | 536-1 758-5 28-20) 538-8 755-4 | 27-76 | 536-0 760-4 } 30-68 | 529-1 | 776-6 [7 25-95 | 536-1 | 758-9 28-01 | 538-3 754-7 | 27:78 | 535-8 758:8 | 30-42| 529-3 | 776-4 1] 25-95 | 537-3 | 757-9 28-34| 537-8 | 755-3 | 27-67 | 536-4 | 759-3 | 30-53| 529-7 | 776-0} | 26-10 | 536-4 757-5 28-64) 537-7 757-2 | 27-80 | 536-4 761-1 | 30-71 | 531-0 | io |) 132, 174, 21h, 1h, | 25 26-26| 536-7 758:3 | 25 28-89| 537-3 756-6 | 25 27-98] 535-7 759-4 | 25 31-19 530-3 776-8 26-30 | 535-9 758-1 28-75 | 537-0 756-4 28-01 | 535-9 759°8 4 31-19 530-1 777°3 26-05 | 536-0 756-5 28-34 | 537-3 756-9 | 27-93 | 535-4 | 759-7 31-32) 529-6 776-7 25-95 | 535-4 756-4 28-03 | 537-2 756-5 | 27-71) 535-1 759-1 31:53 530-0 777-2 25-73 | 535-1 756-5 28-67 | 537-7 757-6 | 27:94) 534-7 | 759-3 32-20 530-8 776-4 : 25-95 | 534-4 756-9 29-65 | 537-9 757°3 27-96 534-3 | 763-0 32-27) 531-2 775-2 5 25-95 | 534-4 755-7 28-89 | 537-4 755:5 | 27°87) 534-1 | 762-0 31:99 530-6 7758 jc 25-95 | 535-3 756-1 28-32 | 537-6 755-3 | 27:78| 533-4 | 761-8 31-99, 531-3 774:5 26:22) 536-3 756-5 27-98 | 538-0 754-9 | 27-49 | 533-9 | 761-7 32-20) 531-9 774-4 4.6 | 27:29 | 536-7 756-9 27:90 | 538-2 757-4 | 27-53 | 532-2 | 763-8 32-05 530-4 776-4 27-90 | 537-0 755-9 27-83 | 538-2 756-5 § 27-26) 530-9 | 762-6 31-66 530-6 777-0 E 27-96 | 537:8 755-0 27-83 | 538-2 756-4 |} 27-40} 533-0 | 762-2 31-66 531-4 776-0 foo een Eee ——————————— Ee ea ee Moun, «0. s. . . sto [ar eas ae) a6 | des ay] en iren)| 120") fer) Resa a BIVILAR THERMOMETER, . . 568 | 57:7 | 58°6 | 59-7 | 60-4 | 60-9 | 61.4 | 61:3 | 6O-8 | 60-2 | 5s 95 | 59 59 0 59:3 | 58.8 | 58:3 | 586 BALANCE THERMOMETER, . . 58°2 | 58'8 | 59:5 60-4 | 612 2 61:8 62:2 } 62:2} 61:8 | 62:2 | GS $3.0 61:6 ] 6h 0 | 60:2 | 59°8 60:0 | | a OBSERVER’S INITIAL, . . . . B B Baath 23 D | D D Die Wi Vv Ww | W | W " I | I |x It { i — Bieinan, k=0:0001248., Observed 2™ after the Declination. BALANCE, &£=0:000015 approximately. Observed 3™ after the Declination. TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. SH SS Se | | Gottingen | JANUARY 18, 19. FEBRUARY 24, 25. t Mean Time | y Declination | Decuina- | Birinar | BALANCE | DEcLINA- Birizar | Barance | Decuina- Birizar | BALANCE | Dec ina- Brrinar | BALANCE " |Observation.| TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. | Corrected. | Corrected, TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. $ | a | = oe Min. |e Us | Se. Diy. | Mic. Diy. ° f Se. Div. | Mie. Diy. ¢ ‘ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ® f Se. Div. | Mic. Div. | gh. 64. 10% 14%, 0 || 25 31-99| 533-3 775-1 | 25 29-04] 540-7 767-9 | 25 20-16} 527-0 | 783-2 | 25 20-55 | 527-1 693-2 3) 32-05 | 532-2 775-1 | 28-67 | 541-7 765-4 20-48 | 526-4 | 782-9 21-37 | 528-4 699-4 10 31-86} 532-0 | 775-0 | 28-62} 541-1 766-5 21-07 | 526-9 782-1 21-98} 529-0 | 705-6 15 31-73 | 533-7 773-6 29-41} 538-9 765-6 21-53 | 525-2 784-5 22-42} 531-5 708-4 20 | 31-64 | 534-3 773-4 29-29! 540-1 766-0 21-82 | 523-5 784-5 23:06} 532-4 | 709-8 25 31-35 | 534-9 773-5 | 29-02 | 540-6 764-9 21-91 | 523-5 785-2 23-70} 531-6 | 712-5 30 31-32 | 535-4 773-5 29-29) 541-0 764-8 22-42 | 523-1 785-9 23-86 | 532-6 715-8 35 31:19) 536-4 773-5 28-97 | 540-2 764-8 23-19] 522-0 | 785-6 24-69) 533-8 | 716-1 40 31-19} 537-2 773-5 | 29-24} 539-0 765:8 24-08 | 521-2 | 785-4 25-14] 532-1 | 718-2 45 30-90 | 537-6 773-5 29-31] 538-2 767-6 20:77 | 527-1 | 776-9 25:18] 533-7 | 717-9 50 30-85 539-0 773-5 29-48 | 537-9 766-9 16:94} 527-1 769-9 25-14} 534-0 717-3 55 30-85 | 539-8 773-8 28:08 | 536-1 767-2 15:12| 526-7 | 764-0 24-25 | 532-9 | 721-2 ou Oe iE: 154, 0 25 30-90 | 540-5 774-5 | 25 27-83} 536-3 | 767-6 | 25 15-19] 527-6 760-4 | 25 23-90| 533-4 723-4 5) 30-83 | 540-0 774-6 27-17| 535-7 | 767-4 17:05 | 525-0 759-6 24-10} 535-5 724-4 10 30-65 | 540-6 775:8 27:00} 535-5 | 766-0 19-42 | 524-8 759-0 25-09 | 536-3 724-1 15 30-58 | 541-0 776°3 27-46) 536-0 | 765-8 26:93 | 534-7 748-9 25-66 | 536-7 723-4 20 30-18} 540-0 777-1 | 27-33) 537-2 | 765-9 32-10} 543-2 737-7 25-14] 538-9 720-5 | 25 30-02) 540-4 778-0 | 27-44| 536.9 | 763-0 36-56 | 544-3 718-9 24-22} 535.1 719-4 30 29-85 | 540-9 777-1 | 27-74) 536-9 | 764-9 35:53 | 534-7 | 691-1 22-03} 536-7 | 716-9 35 29-91] 541-7 | 778-0 } 27-83 | 536-7 | 762-0 31-07 | 526-2 670-6 21-91} 538-8 718-0 40 29-85 | 541-9 779-0 27-27 | 537-0 761-9 25-45 | 524.3 667-3 21-91 | 538-7 719-6 45 29-89 | 542-7 779-4 | 27-70 | 537-7 761-3 21-81.) 525-9 674-0 22-56 | 535-6 721-5 20 CO 29-85 | 542-5 780-2 | 27-88 537-9 | 760-5 18-86 | 526-5 679-8 22-85 | 534-6 723-7 | a0 29-88) 542-3 781-1 | 27:88 | 538:0 | 758-7 16-43 | 527-6 684-5 24-01 | 535-0 723-5 | | 4h, : gh, 120, 16, 0 25 30-00} 542-1 780-8 | 25 27-85 | 538-0 758-1 | 25 15:03} 526-9 692-5 | 25 24-50| 534-0 | 724-6 5 29-86] 541-4 779-0 | 28-07 | 537-9 759-1 18-95 | 514-5 699-8 25-14) 535.2 723-5 10 29-85] 541-4 779-5 | 28-57 | 537+5 759-4 23-76 | 505-7 705-8 25-32 | 536-5 721-7 | 15 29-62| 541-4 781-5 28-48 | 537-2 758-6 27-29 | 498-0 706-9 25-07 | 535-4 719-7 | 20 29-62) 542-4 779-2 | 28-59 | 536-8 757-5 32-02 | 495-2 702-1 24-40} 535-6 720-9 | 25 29-38] 542-0 778-8 28-52 | 535-8 7957-1 33-17 | 502-2 690-6 24-31| 536-3 721-7 | 30 29-58} 541-9 778-3 | 27-94 | 534-5 756-5 33-13 | 512-0 673-9 24-80} 534-5 | 723-4 | 35 29-49 | 541-7 777-6 | 27 16 | 534-9 756-0 30-77 | 519-5 662-8 24-67 | 533-2 724-4 | | 40 29-60} 542-1 775-7 26:70) 534-1 756-1 29-11] 528-2 660-4 24-99 | 532-4 726-4 45 29-38 | 541-7 776-3 | 26-33 | 534-1 756-4 25-90| 537-2 | 659-3 26-22 | 529-9 728-1 | | 50 29-46) 542-2 776-4 | 26:06 | 535-2 756-8 24-00) 536-7 656-4 27-47 | 526-8 728-4 55 29-31| 541-8 777-5 | 26:06 | 534-9 | 757-6 22-09 | 540-0 | 657-3 28-17| 525-5 | 728-4 | | 5h, gh, 13h, 174, ! 0 25 29-31| 541-5 775-9 | 25 26-48 | 534.4 758-4 | 25 20-99| 537-6 654-0 | 25 29-31] 527-0 725-9 | | B) 29-22) 541-3 | 774-4 | 26-79 | 534-1 761-6 18-36 | 535:3 651-5 29-78 | 530-1 724-0 | 10 29-26} 540-9 776-2 | 26-96 | 533-6 761-4 16-80 | 535-0 650-0 30-39 | 526-7 723-9 | 15 29-17) 541-2 773-9 | 26-99 | 533-8 761-3 14-20} 535-0 648-4 31-25 | 527-0 720-8 | 20 29-26 | 539-8 772-4 | 27-56 | 534-0 760-9 12-65 | 537-1 652-8 31-79 | 528-6 717-1 | =| 25 29-31 | 541-1 769-8 | 27-38 | 532-7 760-5 12-70 | 538-6 656-9 31-99 | 527-5 715-3 30 28-70} 542-2 769-4 | 26-15 | 532-2 760-7 14-70) 534-1 659-4 31-32) 529-4 712-0 | 35 28:59] 542-0 | 769-1 | 24-72 | 533-9 760-5 16-33 | 532-6 663-6 31-12) 531-8 710-9 40 29:04| 541-8 767-5 | 24-55 | 533-7 762-8 17-91 | 529-4 668-3 30-65 | 534-3 708-6 2a 28-95 | 541-4 771-1 | 24:94 | 535-0 763-8 19:36 | 526-5 675-2 30:58 | 536-9 | 706-0 | 50 29-01) 540-1 | 768-5 | 24:80) 533-8 765-5 19-98 | 524-2 680-8 29-38 | 538-7 703-5 | Bs) 29-11) 540-7 767-4 | 24-87 | 533-6 766-1 19-86 | 526-5 686-2 28-50 | 539-5 701-1 | on, Sa Re eae 8) [oi |iao| (jo) | an a2 | as | 4 | ae | a6 ar oo eee eeeeeeeeEeeee——yq&_&__——_—_—eEeee || Biritar Tozrmomerer, . | 58:3 | 583 | 59-0 | 59:8 | 60°3 | 60°6 | 60:3 | 59-7 | 59-2|52-7 | 52:3 || Batance Turrmomerer, . | 60-0 | 59°8 | 60-3 | 61-0 | 61.5 | 620 | 61-5 | 60-9 | 60-5] 54-2 | 54-1 | 540 | 553 | 55-0 DE: aoe SS eee —eyy————eE—E———E——— —_——>>>——e—y———eEy u | H | mae oe ales OBSERVER’S INITIAL, BIri~ar. k=0:0001205. Observed 2™ after the Declination. BALANCE. k=0-:000015 approximately. Observed 3™ after the Declination. February Term. For observations before and after this Term, see Extra Observations. 32 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. Gottingen || FEBRUARY 24, 25. Mean Time Teclination DECLINA- BiFILaAR | BALANCE BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BrIFILAR | BALANCE | DEcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE | Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected, Min. ° f Se. Div. Mic. Diy. Se. Diy. Mic. Div. 2 4 Se. Div. Mie. Div. Se. Div. Mice. Div. 18}, 99h, gh, ‘ 6h, 0) 25 27-85 | 539-2 701-2 529-2 743-4 | 25 28-70| 535-7 748-6 | 25 27-19| 534-5 750-1 5 27-70 | 537-2 695-5 530-3 743-7 28-70 | 536-1 747-8 | 535-8 749-3 10 26:96 | 536-2 703-6 530-1 744-0 28-64 | 536-2 746-4 | 536-3 751-8 15 26:08 | 537-4 703-5 530-5 744-0 28-57 | 535-6 746-1 | 536-4 753-1 20 26:22) 537-1 708-3 530-0 745:5 28-70}| 537-3 745-2 } 535-4 | 753-6 25 26-28 | 537-0 705-0 530-2 743-9 28-70 | 536-1 745-6 536-3 750-2 30 26-08 | 535-3 710-0 528-9 745-4 28-57 | 536-1 745-5 | 534-8 753-6 35 25-95 | 535-7 712-5 529-6 745-7 28-64) 537-0 745.4 | 535-1 752-5 40 25-95 | 535-3 714-1 526-5 746-1 28-65) 535-7 743-9 | 535-7 752-5 45 25-75 | 537-1 716-3 532-5 746-5 28-45 | 534-6 745-4 | 535-7 751-4 50 26-28 | 536-1 717°8 528-7 748-2 28-50} 535-3 744-8 | 535-8 749-6 55 26-08 | 538-0 | 717-8 529-9 | 747-8 28-50| 535-3 | 745-1 | 535-1 | 749.8 192, 932. 3h, 74, 0 25 26-43 | 538-4 716-4 530-2 748-9 | 25 28-39| 535-1 743-8 | 535-8 | 749-6 5 26:37 | 538-3 719-1 528-9 749-8 28-10} 534-9 743-6 | 536-3 750-1 10 26-35 | 537-6 723-7 530-0 746-0 |}. 28:03} 536-1 744-3 | 536-7 | 750-5 15 26-25 | 536-4 724-1 529-7 746-2 27-93) 535-3 743-5 | 537-7 749-1 20 25-95 | 536-3 725-4 529-3 746-1 27-94) 535-7 743:8 | 537-3 749-4 5) 25-63 | 536-1 725-5 529-0 745-2 27-83 | 534-9 745:3 | 537-1 756-0 30 25-78 | 535-9 727-5 529-4 745-7 27-93 | 535-9 747-0 | 538-2 7530-5 35 25-65 | 534-8 728-1 529-8 745-6 27-83 | 535-3 752-6 539-5 748-9 40 25:31) 534-7 731-4 530-2 745-4 27-85 | 535-5 748-1 | 538-1 | 749-3 45 25-48 |} 534-8 730-5 530-0 745:3 27-80} 535-8 751-7 | 536-7 | 749-8 50 25-45 | 535-1 733-7 527-9 746-4 27-96 | 536-0 747-0 | 537-5 | 750-1 55 25-81 | 534-4 733-6 528-5 746-0 27-80) 535:7 747-1 | 536-9 750-5 202, ob, 4h, gh, 0 | 25 25-58| 534-5 734-2 528-1 | see 25 27-70! 536-9 748-5 | 536-0 747-8 | 5 | 25:95 | 534-2 733-9 527-3 747-5 27:71) 536-1 749-1 | 536-0 748-5 10 25-48 | 534-3 734-7 526-0 747-9. 27-44) 537-9 748-7 | 536-5 | 748-9 15 25-63 | 533-5 734:8 527-6 747-1 27-73 | 537-3 750-4 | 538-1 7350-9 20 25-32) 534-2 734-8 529-6 747-0 27-22) 533-7 749-8 | 533-9 | 752-7 25 25:37 | 533-9 734-9 531-3 746-9 27-41) 537-4 749-0 | 535-4 732-5 30 25-16 | 534-6 735-5 531-0 746-8 27-70) 538-9 750-5 | 534-9 | 753-0 35 25-21) 534-1 736-9 530-0 746-8 27-20 | 536-8 752-6 | 535-7 | 752-4 40 25-54) 535-7 740-2 530:3 746-7 27-11} 536-2 752-7 | 538-0 750-2 45 26-35 | 530-7 740-9 531-8 745-6 27-11 | 536-3 753-0 538-8 | 749-8 50 25:58) 532-5 742-8 530-9 746-7 26-82 | 535-8 753-0 | 539-2 | 750-2 55 25-81} 531-8 742-1 531-8 747-1 26:77 | 535-5 753-8 | 539-4 | 750-6 21h, 1h, 5h, | gh, 0 25 25-36) 531-4 743:8 533-0 746-7 | 25 26-82 | 535-3 752-7 | | 541-4 | 751-0 5 25-75 | 530-7 741-4 533-2 748-3 26:94) 534-7 753-1 | | 539-3 | 7d1-2 10 25-14) 531-3 744-0 533-0 748-4 27-06) 534-9 752-8 | | 539-0 748-3 15 25-68| 531-1 742-3 533°3 748-5 26-69 | 532-7 752-0 | | 538-7 749-6 20) 25-54) 530-7 742-5 534-2 748-6 26-66 | 531-9 752-4 | 537-6 750-2 25 | 25-02 | 530-8 743-3 533-0 749-9 27-44) 535-1 751-8 } 536-5 751-4 30 | 26-42 | 529-1 743:8 532-6 749-7 27-80) 537-3 749-2 | 536-1 752-6 35 24-99} 531-0 743-6 534-2 750-5 27-22) 533-5 750-0 | 536-1 752-8 40 25-95 | 530:3 743-4 535-2 748-8 27-24) 534-5 750-1 | | 536-1 | 7a1.5 45 25-66 | 529-6 | 744-6 536-3 | 749-1 27-27| 535-2 | 750-8 | 536-0 | 7516 50 25:83 | 529-8 745-8 536-4 748-5 26:97 | 534-8 749-8 | | 535-7 751-4 55 25-56| 529-9 | 744.9 536-1 | 748-6 27-02| 534-7 | 750-4 | 535-9 | 748-1 sIPILAR THERMOMETER, 534 | 53° 53:2 | 53:0 | 53:0 | 52-9 | 52-8 | 53-1 | 52-9 | 52-4 | 52-1 | 51:3 | 51:5 | 52-2 | 52-8 | 530 BALANCE THERMOMETER, 55:8 | 55 55:2 | 55:0 | 55-1 | 54:9 | 54°8 | 54:9 | 54:5 | 54:0 | 538 | 53:0 | 53°1 | 53'S | 54-4 | 54:7 OBSERVERS INITIAL, . .. | I | i | I | iW | B B | B | B | H | = | w | Me | ‘: | - | ss 2 BirreaAr. k=0:0001248., Observed 2™ after the Declination. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately. Observed 3™ after the Declination. February Term. For observations before and after this Term, see Extra Observations. TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. oO Gottingen Marcu 22, 23. Mean Time | Peeiation DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE _ Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. Min. o f | Se. Div. Mice. Diy. 2 é Se. Diy. | Mic. Div. Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. 2 sf, Se. Div. | Mic. Diz. 104, 14h, 18}, Qgh. 0 25 20-87 | 548-0 724-4 | 25 22-03) 545-9 620-7 | 543-1 682-1 | 25 24-04} 530-6 690-8 5 21-29} 544-8 725-7 20-82) 541-0 624-7 | 545-7 681-3 23-97 | 532-9 689-8 10 21-88| 544-2 723-8 20-07 | 539-3 628-1 539-6 685-9 23-59 | 532-8 689-8 15 22-52} 542-8 722-1 19-61} 538-5 631-9 | 542-8 685-2 | 24-15 | 533-4 689-0 20 23-36) 542-4 721-7 18-97 | 536-3 635-5 544-2 683-1 23-56 | 531-0 688-7 25 24-15) 540-5 721-2 18-92 | 534-7 638-9 044-2 683-4 | 24-24 | 533-7 688-7 30 24-03 | 539-5 720-8 18-87 | 533-4 640-8 543-3 684-5 24-44 | 534.4 688-2 35 23-81} 540-2 717-7 18-25 | 533-6 640-8 543-5 684-1 | 24-15 | 534-3 688-3 40 23-64} 541-4 715-6 17-17} 535-0 640-5 542-3 685-1 | 24-47 | 533-6 688-1 45 23-29} 541-3 714-8 16-44} 536-4 641-7 541-9 685-3 | 24-01} 533-2 688-0 50 23-26} 540-0 712-8 15-70} 535-7 642-5 542-1 685-3 | 24-48 | 533-9 688-0 55 23-32 | 538-9 711-9 15-79 | 536-7 642-1 040-9 687-5 3 24-98 | 533-9 688-0 ie iby Os oe 0 25 23-17|{ 538-9 709-9 | 25 15-69| 535-0 | 641-9 540-1 689-6 | 25) 25-14) 534-2 688-0 5 23-29 540-8 709-2 16-92 | 533-3 647-8 93) 538-8 689-4 | 25-68 | 533-6 688-0 10 23-36 | 539-9 709-7 19-00) 530-7 654-1 3| 538-0 690-1 25-95 | 532-8 688-0 15 23-44 | 539-7 710-9 20:43 | 528-4 654-9 538-2 689-7 | 25-95 | 533-2 688-0 20 23-53 | 538-4 711-2 20-50 | 529-4 658-6 538-5 690-0 | 26-01) 532-2 689-3 25 23-50 | 538-3 711-6 21-73 | 530-4 659-5 538-9 689-2 | 26:48 | 532-9 689-3 30 23-97 | 539-1 719-2 21-91} 531-6 659-2 540-9 689-6 | 26-80} 531-9 689-3 35 24-33) 548-5 704-5 22-65 | 531-6 660-7 540-4 690-0 27-13) 531-4 689-3 40 24-65 | 555- 699-0 22-90 | 533-6 664-0 540-1 689-8 27-60 | 533-3 689-3 45 24-40) 557-8 694.6 23-23 535-1 661-9 542-3 689-5 | 27-80} 531-6 689-3 50 23-12 | 553-5 693-8 23-43 | 537-1 662-3 542-6 689-3 27-88 | 531-1 689-3 55 21-26! 552-9 690-6 23-29} 537-1 664-0 543-1 689-0 | 27-61 | 531-9 689-3 12}, 162. 204, 04, 0 25 20-40; 551-6 688-9 ; 25 23-12] 536-4 663-9 | 544-2 690-0 {| 25 28-07} 531-3 689-3 5) 20-40} 546-2 688-8 22-74) 538-8 663-0 | 542-6 690-7 28-74! 533-7 689°3 10 19-96) 541-1 690-5 22-92| 538-9 665-4 543-9 690-5 28-82 | 530-9 686-9 15 19-93 | 537-1 693-6 23-29 | 539-6 666-2 540-7 691-3 29-35 | 529-7 687-3 20 19-91} 536-2 693-9 23-39 | 540-4 666-1 | 542-2 691-4 29-76 | 530-4 687:3 25 20-28) 535-6 697-6 23-97 | 538-8 669-4 | 538-4 694-4 29-65 | 532-0 687-3 30 20-88 | 533-8 699-1 23-50) 539-4 668-3 536-6 696-4 30-48 | 533-8 687:3 35 21-07} 533-7 700-3 23-54 | 538-9 668-2 536-0 696-4 | 32-31 | 538-1 686-9 40 20-97 | 534-4 699-9 23-53) 540-0 669-3 535-9 698-3 31-99 | 533-2 687-3 45 21-48} 533-9 699.9 23-83 | 540-8 671-6 | 533-1 697-6 | 31-68 | 532-8 687-3 50 21-66} 534-4 698-2 24-15} 539-0 | 670-0 538-5 696-0 | 32-25 | 533-5 687-8 55 25-05 | 530-1 698-5 23-48 | 538-0 671-4 540-0 695-3 | 31-64| 531-4 689-1 1132) 17a Py 1a 0 25 26-99| 527-2 697-0 | 25 22-69] 539-1 671-0 542-6 696-3 | 25 32-20) 534-5 689-1 5 26-77 | 527-7 692-0 22-77 | 538-2 671-6 536-4 696-3 | 33-07 | 534-5 694-0 | 10 30-07 | 534-7 687-1 23-03 | 538-9 672-2 538-6 695-9 } 32-35 | 530-9 697-5 15 32-31} 545-0 675-9 23-19} 538-5 673-6 536-8 693°8 | 31-63 | 529-3 696-0 20 32-02 | 551-3 662-6 23-26 | 538-2 673-7 537-1 693-0 | 31-84 | 530-2 695-4 25 31-25 | 559-3 652-5 ° 23-44 | 537-7 677-5 537-9 694-3 | 31-68 | 531-5 695-8 30 30-05 | 562-1 642-0 23-44) 535-4 680-3 534-8 693°3 31-66 | 531-3 696-3 | 35 29-29 | 562-8 634-7 22-42 | 537-9 678-7 534-9 694-5 31-32) 530-0 695-5 § 40 29-14} 558-2 630-4 23-44 | 539-6 679-9 533-8 693-4 | 31:30} 529-8 696-0 7 45 28-00 | 558-3 625-5 25-21) 535-6 682-2 533-2 692-3 31-38 | 529-7 696-2 4 25-81) 555-9 532-7 693-4 | 697-3 | ; 531-0 | 690-6 | BiriLaR THERMOMETER, . BALANCE THERMOMETER, .. | 560 54:2 54°8 | 55°5 | 54:8 | 54:3 | 54:0 | 54:0 | 53°38 | 536 | 53-2 OBSERVER’S INITIAL, . . . . SWE Vie Wal lean rele Wi tee |e 3 B B BiFILAR. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k—0:0001248. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0-:000015 approximately. MAG. AND MET. ons. 1843. r 34 TermM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. | Gottingen Marcu 22, 23. APRIL, 19, 20. { Mean Time Declination DEcLINA- Birirar | BALANCE | DECLINA- | BirizaR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BiFiLaR | BALANCE Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. j (TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. Min. c. J Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 0 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 2 4 Se. Div. |! Mic. Diy. i Z Se. Diy. | Mic. Diy. gh. 64. 4 104. 14h, 0 25 31-83 | 533-2 695-9 | 25 24-87| 535-6 724-6 1 25 23-09| 543-8 683-9 | 25 20-57| 539-7 | 685-3 5 31-99} 535-6 695-3 1 24-11) 530-8 728-0 | 23-24) 543-9 684-2 20-52) 539-9 684-7 | 10 31-71 | 533-8 696-5 | 22-15 | 528-5 730-9 | 23-10} 543-6 691-1 20-57 539-8 684-1 15 31-86) 535-0 694-9 | 21-28} 536-9 732-8 | 23-03 | 543-8 690-8 20-45 539-7 683-5 20 32:05 | 537-6 693-4 | 22-79 | 533-1 735-9 | 23-10} 543-9 690-1 20-57 | 539-9 | 682-9 25 31-93 | 535-4 694-8 | 22-49 | 531-9 739-3 | 23-03 | 543-0 691-0 20-70 | 539-7 682-3 30 32:10) 538-7 694-8 | 18-75 | 536-8 738-0 | 22-92! 543-6 691-0 20-54| 539-0 681-7 35 31-79 | 535-7 695-7 | 13-44} 542-5 737-2 | 23-06 | 544-1 691-7 20-57 | 538-9 681-2 40 31-77 537-0 696-1 | 13-17| 547-0 739-5 | 23-06 | 544-6 692-2 20-57 | 538-8 682-1 45 31-48 | 540-9 694-2 | 15:36 | 544-7 739-9 | 22-85) 544.7 5 20-43 | 538-7 682-5 50 32.-20| 541-6 | 695-8] 16-84| 537-3 | 740-3] 22-80) 544-7 | 692-2 20-27| 538-7 | 681.8 55 31-61 | 540-2 697-9 | 16-80 | 538-8 737-5 | 22-72 | 544-3 * 20-45 | 538-6 682-2 3h, 7h, 112, 154, 0 25 31-56} 539-8 698-1 | 25 16-87| 530-6 735-4 | 25 22-62| 543-7 692-3 | 25 20-30) 538-4 683-3 5 31-16) 539-9 697-7 | 13:82 | 547-3 726-0 | 22-83 | 544-1 = 20-57 | 538-1 683-9 10 30-96 | 538-1 696-8 | 13-77 | 552-0 723°3 22-80 | 543-9 20-57 | 538-1 = 15 30-56| 538-1 | 697-0] 15-76| 552-4 | 723-6} 22-62] 543-1 5 20-57 | 539-0 4 20 30:36} 540-0 697-2 | 17-67 | 546-3 724-4 # 22-58 | 543-0 3 20-63 | 539-1 683-9 25 30°39 | 540-7 697-7 | 18-86) 544-0 724-6 | 22-67 | 543-0 - 20-43 | 538-0 684-4 30 29-91} 538-4 698-9 | 20-23 | 539-3 725-2 22-60 | 542-8 688-0 20-35 | 537-5 684-8 30 29-91] 540-2 698-4 | 20:57 | 540-9 721-2 i 22-58 | 542-8 35 20-43 | 537-9 | 681-4 40 30-12) 540-9 698-6 | 20-54} 539-2 722:3 E 22-58) 542-7 2 20-10 | 537-4 Rb 45 29-88] 541-4 698:8 |} 21-28) 538-1 725-3 \ 22-58 | 542-7 oa 20-03 | 536-9 678-8 50 29-55 | 541-8 699-0 | 22-02 | 538-9 78:7 fo aecene 542-8 687-2 20-10) 535-5 > 55 29-31) 542-1 699-7 | 22-63 | 539-3 719-0 ' 22-62 | 542-5 . 20-43 | 533-0 | |,, 4h, gh, 12h, 16%. 0 25 29-01] 540-5 701-0 | 25 23-43) 539-3 717-9 | 25 22-58 | 542-3 686-9 | 25 20-30) 533-8 681-5 5 29-19! 544-8 700-7 | 24-13) 538-5 717-5 | 22-52! 541-8 sp 19-96 | 534-9 = 10 29-12] 543-0 701-7 24:48) 537-7 716-0 | 22-55) 541-4 ry 20-34) 536-3 682-7 15 30-53 | 542-7 699-9 25-14) 536-0 716-0 | 22-47 | 541-4 5 21-17) 534-1 682-8 20 28-37 | 540-3 701-3 25-34) 536-4 714-6 } 22-40 | 541-5 691-1 21-24) 524-8 + 25 27-83| 536-7 | 701-5 25-16| 536-8 | 713-2] 22.32) 541-5 * 21-17| 534-8 = 30 27-91] 537-2 7033 25-39) 535-2 713-1 | 22-18] 541-0 > 20-97 | 535-7 oS 35 27-70 | 538-3 703:3 | 25-68) 534-7 713-1 i 22-20| 540-5 = 20-90} 535-7 | x 40 27-90) 540-8 705-4 | 25:68 | 534-9 712-9 | 22-23 | 540-6 689-1 20-57 | 537-4 679-1 45 28:23 | 539-4 704-9 | 25-81] 535-6 712-9 | 22-25 | 540-8 . 21-10) 536-7 | 679-7 50 27-09} 539-4 705-1 | 25:90) 536-0 711-4 § 22-11} 540-8 . 20-63 535-6 | 682-4 55 26-97| 537-2 | 704-8] 25-86] 536-8 | 710-1] 22.23] 5408 | ,, 21-17| 535-4 |- 5h, gh, 13h, 174, 0 25 27-33 | 549-6 704-0 | 25 25-79| 537-1 710-3 | 25 22-11] 540-5 687-2 } 25 21-10) 535-6 3 5 27-41} 545-1 712-3 | 25-95 | 537-5 709-4 | 22-08 | 540-3 686-9 21-17) 536-1 8 10 26-72 538-0 712-6 25-88 | 537-9 707-9 y 22-05} 540-2 686-5 21-17) 535-9 > 15 26-48 | 537-0 710-5 25:75 | 537-8 708-4 } 22-29] 539-7 686-2 20-87 | 536-9 >» 20 26:28] 538-2 711-5 | 25:46 | 538-2 708-2 22-13} 540-0 20-S1 |) 537-0 > 25 26-32] 536-5 714-2 25-18] 537-9 706:8 | 21-95} 540-0 + 20-63 | 536-9 | 6798 30 26-62 | 538-2 712-4 25-12) 538-2 705:1 22-02] 540-3 687-8 20-77 | 537-5 680-8 35 26-55 | 540-5 711-9 25-18) 538-0 704-7 20-70} 540-3 x 20-87} 536-6 | 681-2 40 26-72 | 545-2 713:3 25-05 | 538-0 704-2 20-61} 540-3 687-1 21-37 | 534-9 » 45 27-11) 544-9 714-4 24°77 | 536-9 704-0 20-57 | 540-2 686-8 21-51) 534-6 5 50 26-15} 540-5 714-2 25-02) 538-1 703-5 20-95) 540-L | 686-5 21-44) 533-6 | > 55 25-75) 541-1 | 719-0 | 24-67 | 537-0 | 703-3 20-70| 539-5 | 685-6 20-79 | 534-3 | Moun, Sh Se aie | 20 {aa | a2-| as |ae |a5 | eae BIVILAR THERMOMETER, . 53°2 | 54:0 | O44 | S44 | S42 | S44 | S43 | 54:0 | 53:7 | 58-7 | 585 58:0 | 57-2 56-8 | 56-0 | 55:5 | 546 BALANCE THERMOMETER, 534 | 539 | 542 | 54:5 | 545 | S42 | 543 | 543 | 540 | 585 | 58-5 | 58-2 | 58'0 | o7°5 566 | 560 ood OBSERVER’S INITIAL, . . | w W Il I B | Bae D | H | H | # | H | L - | z | - rte tn SS Ss April id 13h, BIPILAR. Observed 2™ after the Declination. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0:000015 approximately. k=0°0001 248. i L When double commas (,,) oceur in the column for the Balance Magnetometer, the needle was examined, and no change from the previous observa tion being appreciable, the Micrometors were not altered. It should be remarked that the permanent observers possess the power of detecting slight changes with moro facility than tho oceasional or Term assistants. Or TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 3 Gottingen APRIL 19, 20. Mean Time of 4 i | Declination DECLINA- BriFrizrar | BALANCE { DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- Birinar | BALANCE DECLINA- BiFILar | BALANcE } Observation. TION. Corrected.) Corrected. | TION. Corrected. | Corrected. } TION. Corrected. } Corrected. | TION. Corrected. | Corrected. } S uv Se. Diy. | Mic. Div. i 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. j 2 :, Se. Div. Mic. Diy. if } Se. Div. | Mie. Diy. 18h, , 99h, oh. | 6h, | 25 21-24| 533-9 677-7 5 19-71] 530-6 25 28-81| 534-2 669-7 | 25 22-49| 545-5 696-6 | 21-32| 533-5 | 677-0 | -94| 529-8 -64| 533-8 » | 21-79] 544-5 | 696-5 | 21-01} 533-9 676-3 } -93 | 529-5 2 | . 534-2 Ba } 21:91] 547-3 696-5 | 21-10} 535-1 675-6 § . 526-9 8 | . 533-6 672-6 | 21:64} 546.4 535-0 674-9 | : 528-0 * : 534-7 674-5 | 21-21} 545-1 535-2 674-2 | -63 | 528-5 : 28. 533-7 678-6 | 20-37 | 545-3 535-2 | 674-2 | . 528-6 . . 531-0 | 676-0 | 19-83 | 545-8 536-2 673-5 | : 527-6 0 | : 531-0 A | 19-61) 547-9 536-2 672-8 | : 528-8 S77 } : 533-3 oe 19-49 | 549.4 536-1 21% 527-9 “e . 533-6 681-9 19-89] 549-3 536°3 t : 526-6 -78| 532-7 20-57 | 549-2 536-0 : 526-9 88. . 533-7 21-01 | 547-6 192, 23h, 3h, 7h, 535-6 8 | : 525-7 : 5 27. 534-3 5 21-37| 549-0 535-8 2.1 | -91| 525-5 7 : 533-6 21-15| 545-3 536-8 : 2. 525-8 7: : 536-8 20-28 | 543-9 536-9 : : 526-8 ; 538-0 19-70| 545-0 | 537-8 373-2 | 3. 525-9 a7 ; 537-9 19-61] 546-5 538-0 8 | : 524-5 : 537-4 | 19-36| 547-0 537-8 4 | -61| 524-6 37: 85 | 537-7 19-67 | 546-0 538-2 oT By 524-5 x 26-37 | 538-0 : 20-18| 546-8 538-8 : : 524-2 ; : 536-9 20-84] 546-1 538-0 9 | : 525-3 25 | 539-8 21-21] 544-3 537-5 5 | 5. 524-6 : 535-6 90. 21-19| 545-7 538-9 376-1 | : 525-2 : ; 539-1 21-79 |.544-9 208, oh, 4h, gh, 538-5 7] -52| 527-4 3 | -41| 540-6 21-41) 546-3 38-4 7} 08 | 527-3 2 | 54| 542-0 59 | 546-5 538-3 7 | -82| 525-1 25-41| 540-6 35 | 547-3 538-5 6 | 55 | 523-6 27| 538-2 | 547-1 538-0 -42| 527-9 -41| 538-6 61) 547-5 537-8 80) 526-3 ‘07 | 539-2 -63| 548-2 538-1 4 07 | 525-2 1d 4-67 | 538-9 54| 545-9 537-8 0 | ‘97 | 525-0 -67| 540-0 Any 94] 544-9 537-5 0 | 8: 67 | 539-4 2 | -99| 543-7 539-0 0 | -82| 539-8 -97| 543-1 538-2 0 | 5 | -51| 540-0 05| 543-6 533-8 . 27. -60| 540-2 17| 543-6 212, 5h, gh, 534-6 2 | . . -O | . 539-6 543-6 535-7 . 31- ld : 541-3 | 543-2 532-4 . 29. . . 541-5 543-6 534-2 : 7-4 2 3 | ; 540-0 . 544-1 534-4 7. . 6 . 540-8 . 545-5 534.2 . . . . 540-9 | p 544.9 533-2 : ; : -24| 539-7 | 545-2 532-6 . . et . 543.7 544-6 531-6 . 29. 98 | ; 544.3 529-1 : . . | : | 543-8 530-4 : 34 . : 544-8 530-3 : . : | . 544-6 53:3 | 52:8 | 52: 1 | 56 56-0 | 55:9 | 5: fy BALANCE THERMOMETER, 54:5 | 53-4 | 52: p P p 4: p p P 55:7 | 55°6 OBSERVER’S INITIAL, . Birinar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. &£—0:0001248. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0-000015 approximately. Hour, BIFILAR THERMOMETER, . BALANCH THERMOMETER, (uastastaomepateonearecnnnmanteremessased ieee OBSERVER’S INITIAL, BIPInan. 36 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. Géttingen May 26, 27. Mean Time Desiination DECLINA- Birirar | Batance | Decurna- Brrivar | BaLance | Dectina- Birirar | BALANCE Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. § TION. Corrected. | Corrected. } TION. Corrected. | Corrected. Min. 0) 4 Se. Diy. | Mic.Div.f ° ’ Se. Diy. | Mic. Div. 2 v Se. Diy. | Mie. Div. 104, 144, 18}, 0 25 17-61 | 473-2 578-3 | 25 9-00} 491-4 599-0 | 25 17-04; 504-3 649-9 | 5 12-23 | 482-0 569-1 | 9.27 | 492-2 599-0 | 17-04} 504-5 651-5 10 9-40} 500-1 577-1 10-29 | 490-7 600-3 | 16-95) 504-1 652-3 i 15 7-24) 514-5 589-1 10-88 | 490-1 606-3 17-20| 503-8 654-1 20 7-85 | 519-0 592-0 11-15 | 493-5 606-3 | 16-84} 503-0 654-8 25 9:00 | 518-6 593-2 11-96 | 492-9 607-5 } 16-70! 502-6 654-8 30 10-72 | 522-3 600-2 12-94] 493-8 607-5 | 16:78} 502-7 655:8 35 13-51 | 520-1 610-2 13-46 | 496-4 613-7 17-39| 501-3 656-4 40 15:83 | 512-5 621-5 15-09 | 497-0 616-2 16-91} 501-1 a 45 17:74| 506-9 628-4 15-43 | 499-8 617-7 16-31} 500-0 658-0 50 18-73 | 498-4 634-2 15-90 | 502-8 622-1 16-58} 500-3 658-6 55 18-65 | 495-6 639-2 16-53 | 505.2 5 17-02| 499-6 5 114, list : 0 25 18-41| 500-3 | 628-2 | 25 17-07| 503-7 » | 25 17-79| 498-2 | 658-8 5 18-38} 506-0 | 640-1 | 16-70| 507-5 BS 17-02| 497-3 | 660-9 10 19-12) 510-9 | 638-5 | 15-86] 511-4 i 16-67 | 497-3 : 15 19-93 | 515-0 638-6 | 15-84] 512-1 619-8 16-46 | 497-1 x 20 20-41 | 516-6 637-8 | 15-86| 511-0 br 16-53 | 496-6 n ; 25 21:01) 517-2 636-0 | 15-56} 510-1 oF 16-91) 496-1 30 19-96| 515-1 | 634-3 | 15-14| 509-2 Mi 17-14| 495-7 s 35 19-89} 515-6 631-9 | 15-19} 509-7 5 16-91) 494-4 660-8 40 20-03| 514-3 | 631-8] 15-30] 509.2 i 16-48] 493-4 i 45 20-20) 511-0 631-6 } 15-56| 508-7 621-7 16:55] 493-3 659-7 50 18-99| 512-2 629-7 | 15-86 | 507-2 623-8 § 16-57 | 492-6 Mt 55 18-13} 514.4 628-8 15-43 | 506-9 op 16-60 | 491-0 $3 12%, 16}, | 0 25 17-98| 512-8 629-2 | 25 15-29] 508-5 ” f 25 16-41) 490-8 661-1 5 17-98 509-8 629-5 } 15-66) 511-0 628-6 | 16-57 | 490-1 op 10 17-91} 510-0 627-7 . 16-:71| 489-2 663-5 15 17-45 | 514-9 621-7 #% 616-98 | 488-2 664-3 20 15-93 | 519-7 613-6 17-29} 486-6 665-7 25 15:09| 514-1 610-1 17-14} 486-6 666-6 30 13-17| 509-6 | 606-3 16-97| 486-7 i 35 12-72 | 499-4 607-8 17:07 | 486-0 668-4 40 10-72 | 502-1 605-8 17:91 | 485-9 671-2 45 11-73| 500-6 604-4 17-88} 482-7 1 50 12-50) 495-0 604-6 17-14} 483-8 668-2 55 11-96| 495-1 | 599-0 17-54| 483-2 a 134, Y 0 25 11:69| 493-3 594-1 | 25 17-71] 482-6 668-4 5 10-55 | 490-1 593-1 17-83 | 482-9 668-1 10 9-87 | 486-0 . 18-21| 481-8 3 15 9-40| 486-0 i 18-53| 482-1 | 666-6 20 9-81 | 486-7 601-0 18-55 |) 481-9 op 25 10-11] 488-9 595-7 18-55 | 482-1 663-6 30 10-11) 488-1 593-4 18-70| 480-7 | 661-2 35 9-67 | 488-6 593°8 19-13 | 480:3 660-6 40 9-34 | 487-2 591-5 19-44) 480-4 | 659-8 45 8:57 | 487-9 593-1 19-39) 478-5 658:8 50 9:00] 487-9 595-6 19-78| 477-0 660-2 55 9-24] 489-1 599-0 21-12| 476-2 659-2 DECLINA- 25 v 2) TION. 20-67 21-14 21-34 21-49 21:31 23-79 23°81 23:21 23-41 23-64 23-91 24-20 24-60 24-77 25-29 25-38 25-61 25-96 26-42 26-43 26-77 27:17 27-33 27-54 27-76 27-90 28-18 28-34 28-44 28-50 28-70 28-88 29-11 29-15 29-17 29-31 | 29-29 | 29-31 29-31 | 29-36 29-56 | 29-65 | 29-73 29-78 29-68] 5 29-68 29-75 29-89 BIFILAR Corrected. | Corrected. Se. Diy. gon. 478-5 479.3 477-4 478-8 480-3 474-6 472-7 476-5 477-8 477-8 478-3 479-9 230 479-7 481-4 481-5 483-4 483-3 485-7 486-4 486-9 BALANCE Mice. Diy. 656-5 654-0 653-1 3? 658-9 657-7 | 653-5 646-7 Observed 2™ after the Declination. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. £5=0:000015 approximately. k=0:°00012058. LE May 278 1» 30m, J Clock error previously + 14. Clock set right. TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. Sif Gottingen May 26, 27. JUNE 21, 22. eco Laie ° Declination DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIritar | BALANCE DECLINA- BIrILAR | BALANCE DEcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE Observation. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. | Corrected. | Corrected. | = ea | REE SAA ere | | Se. Div. Mie. Div. | Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Diy. Mie. Div. c. Div. Mic. Div. Qh. 6h, 104, : 25 29-98| 504-5 | 644-8 23. 514-5 70- 5 20-57| 512-8 : 8 656-1 | 29-91| 505-2 | 645-8 | 23. 514-7 73. : 511-5 : 29-82| 504-0 | 649-8 | ; 515-5 74: -22| 510-9 29-85 | 502-9 | 650-4 512-4 3- -37| 511-0 29-62} 501-3 4 | : 510-6 74: -37| 508-9 29-51} 501-2 354-5 23-43 | 510-9 , ‘ 509-8 29-44} 503-5 0 | 3. 510-2 2.02} 510-0 29-63} 507-4 53-0 | 23-04] 510-9 : : 509-7 29-44| 509-9 3-26 | 512-4 95) 508-4 | ; 29-31| 511-4 | 654- 36 | 513-5 2.! 2.03} 507-9 29-31 | 509-7 . 3-53) 515- 2-16! 507-1 28-94 | 507-1 S 13. 513-5 2-56| 504-4 gh. 7h, 11%, 28-65 | 512-4 Is -26 | 7 5 22-72| 504-1 26-12 | 28-67 | 508-5 3-14| 510-4 06 | 505-8 25-98 28-64| 509-7 3-12) 510- 2-72| 506-5 25-95 512-0 3-26| 511- . 506-8 25-95 513-6 3 2. 3-19| 505-1 25-92 509-6 33-3 | 3- 512- 2.72) 504-6 25-72 | 505-0 3-12 | 2 | -12| 506-0 25-65 . 505-9 2:99} 512.4 2-87 | 505-6 95-31 | 505-8 365-6 | 2-72,| 512. -19) 505-7 25-27 505-3 22-74| 512. | *27-63) 505-5 25-27 | 510-9 2-65 512. 49) 504-1 25-18 517:3 2-6: . 60 | 504-3 25-16 | 4h, ; 12h, 514-8 . . 505-0 514-5 3: 514- . 505-6 514-1 Bs 15- -47| 504-5 512-6 3. j | 503-6 512-4 . . 02} 503-3 | -52| 509-4 | 98 | 512. -48| 502-9 -30| 508-9 Nast . . 502-5 508-3 . . 3-32] 503-4 ) -98 | 508-4 ae 9. : 08 | 502-9 . 510-1 14 . 75-5 | . 502-3 509-5 24) 511- -22| 502-1 | 510-1 : . . 502-5 | 5h, ) 132, ; 510-7 . . + . 502-6 511-3 2. . 5-95 | 501-4 | : 511-4 +82 . . 500-6 1 4 512-6 76 6 i . 500-5 . 512-9 : of 2. 5. 501-6 511-4 as 3. . 501-5 509-9 . “55 log . 501-2 510-4 6S . : 500-5 | 515-1 . . . . 499-8 520-9 . : . 499-3 519-2 9! : 499-9 516-3 . . . 499-9 | BIFILAR THERMOMETER, . 55°3 | 55:7 | 55° j | 56° | P 3° 5° ; 62:1 | 614 | 60°6 yi = | BALANCE THERMOMETER, . | 554 | 554 | 55-5 558 | 562 56-2 | 56:0 | 55:9 | 5581648 | 64:3 63:7 | 63-2 62:7 625 | 61-9 | 610 es OBSERVER’S INITIAL, . . 3 D |v | WwW | H | ug | | D | D | D | D BIFILaR. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0°0001205, BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &%—0:000015 approximately. * June 214, See note, page 38, on the Declination Observations. MAG. AND MET, oBs. 1848. K 38 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1848. Gottingen Mean Time |} Declination DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE Decuina- BIFILAR Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Min. o) Gf Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 4 Se. Div. 18}, Q9oh, 0 25 23-14) 497-1 663-7 Jo ceeereeee 500-5 | 5 22.92| 497-8 | 662-0 | sss. 500-4 10 22-72) 498-2 663-2 fo veeeeeeee 500-4 | 15 22-50| 498-4 | 663-5 | esse 501-3 | 20 22-63 | 497-2 gO tte eee 501-6 25 22-55 | 497-7 ape eee sisieiese 501-7 1 30 22.49 | 497-3 665-6 fo ceeeeeeee 501-9 1 P35 22.38) 496-9 rot Reet cemee 501-8 | 40 21-86| 496-5 yeh Lill eecosans 501-8 | 45 21-73 | 495-8 | 665-3 | csseeeee 502-1 50 21-89} 495-7 ee Ooo 501-2 | 55 21-62} 494-5 Nt eeodecontcs 500-9 19h, 23h, 0 25 21-79! 494-4 665-9 Jo reeeereee 501-1 5 92.53 | 495-9 Be eicear enon 500-1 10 22-60 | 496-4 59 fp eeasieleieseiaieiate 500-3 15 22-76 | 497-4 GG4-S Jo seseeeeee 500-0 20 22.90} 496-5 See ieeteee ea 499-3 25 23-14} 496-1 AA nb (eyaeoaons 499-4 30 23-19} 496-1 665-2 fo ceeeeeeee 499-8 35 23-64 | 496-1 99 PL valeieaiiereie 499.9 40 23-81 | 495-3 Bieee| fi pesecdece 499-2 45 23-34 | 495-1 666-4 Jo ceeeeeees 498-7 50 23-90 | 496-1 Pye lib basnbeais 498-1 55 24:28 | 497-5 667-2 ce eeeeees 498-3 202, oh, 9) 25 24-44) 496-3 665-7 Jo ceeeeeens 499.0 5 24-62) 495-9 666-0 ete eeeeee 500-2 10 24.77 | 495-9 Palit lh spacosaecs 500-7 15 24-87 | 496-6 671-9 J seers sors | 501-6 20 25.02] 497-4 Bee ||) GAbraotra 501-3 25 25-11 | 496-7 RON baste ee 502-2 30 25-21] 497-5 6B70:S Jo veeeseees 502-4 35 25-27 | 498-4 SNL Sastre 502-6 40 25:34} 498-4 666-8 Jo veeeresee 502-6 45 25-27 | 497-4. 664-3 J] ceeeveeee 502-6 50 25:72) 499.4 Rel | baGesmone 502-4 55 25-41| 497-7 Rabin eeneteee 503-2 21%, 12, 0) 25 25-43 | 499-6 GEST [serctelorereiste 502-5 5 25-56 | 499-1 aon heise ae 502-7 10 25-51] 499-0 sy) {t\doseapsas 502-7 15 25-81} 499-1 663-1 | veeeeeees 503-6 20 25-95 | 499-6 Fi il[ibitetelaferersteste 504-7 25 25:95 | 498-9 Fria. | a BRonadoph 504-9 30 26:10} 499-8 G61-1 | e--eeeeee 504-4 35 26-08 | 499-8 Ae Nae cierasicteict 504:5 40 26:03) 499-9 cp «| auoacnbasne 504-4 45 25-95 | 500-7 660-2 J eeeeeeeee 503-7 50 26-22} 500-9 Ay! 1} |, aooauanne 506-2 55 26.25 | 500-8 sda Sea he 504-7 Iioun, . JUNE 21, 22. BALANCE Corrected. Mic. Diy. 660-0 660-3 661-6 661-4 661-8 99 662-0 DECLINA- TION. eercovees ec oeseoes woe renee erecesece eee eeeene ee eesvcee eee eee ees es ee eeeee oe eee ene Oeerserre eoseveboe er eeoee ee etoerne eeeereene weet renee tee eeees er ey tree wees ween eee we ween eee Ceca ir BiritaR | BALANCE Corrected. | Corrected. Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. gh. 504-3 641-6 503-9 642-2 503-2 641-9 502-2 643-1 502-7 645-6 503-6 643-0 504-9 642-8 505-3 642-7 504-7 645-6 504-1 645-5 503-5 | 646-6 503-9 646-3 32, 503-9 646-4 503-3 647-3 502-8 645-9 501-8 644-9 502-5 643-6 502-9 642-7 503-2 642-3 503-1 642-4 502-7 642-7 501-7 642-7 502-2 642-1 503-5 640-7 4h, 503-7 643-7 504-0 Bs 504-6 5 505-6 642-5 506-0 P 506-4 ic 506-9 644-3 507-5 x 508-5 Es 508-4 643-3 508-4 = 510-1 am 5h, 509-5 643-8 | 510-5 “ 510-7 ‘ d11-1 643-0 512-9 e 513-8 i 513-5 648-5 513-2 ie 012-7 : 512-8 649-4 | 914-3 | 5 | 514-9}, g | 4 | 5 | BIFILAR Corrected. DECLINA~ TION. BALANCE Corrected. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 6h, we eceaces 514-5 651-2 A 514.6 a Leas 514-1 i BonsnGos 514-7 652-6 poosHD Sod 514-8 ” Le 515-8 eee eeree 516-3 3° oopgod0De 516-9 2 ea 517-0 ue shied 516-9 . SO0HaSKd 516-7 2 ae 517-4 2 ahs apcouncdo 517-7 654.9 Reraecee || Sila eeeoreses 517-8 39 eeorerere 517-4 rh) woeserese 517-1 7° ee 517-7 * msieteateite 516-5 > oratefelefateteta 016-0 2 alsralejaieloisie 015-3 > ae OM 516-1 > A ee 516-2 fe sieleteietersle 516-5 2 sh, papoOgGoC 515-3 | 657-4 seat Ge 516-0 5 pnend6000 515-7 658-2 SHdosaues 515-2 658-9 sislelsfaisielets 514-3 660-3 nGosodu0G 514-0 660-5 So0000 eee | O14-4 661-7 aletoererctoete 514-1 662-1 sielosieielelers 513-8 661-7 sielerstaleleteta 513-6 662-2 Saletoleiclents 012-9 > qaadgo000 012-9 | 662-8 gh, Rive aimatetahe 511-9 : pesos | 511-8 662-9 Sekine 510-8 3 Rintereforerefete 510-4 > Pee 511-0 662-2 Reece | 511-8 ry BobdSoNRS | 511-3 > Cie ae | 510-84} as Steimeteinelate 510:5 | ony Peete tae 510-1 7” SBR ioteihe 509-7 or) BE Eioctic | 509-9 656-5 SERENE: OBSERVER’S INITIAL, . BiriLar,. Observed 2™ after the Declination. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. k=0:000015 approximately. k=0°0001205. Bivi~AR THERMOMETER, 59:9 | 595 63:2 | 64:3 | 65:8 | 67:0 | 68-0 | 69-0 | 69-9 | 70°7 | 710 | 708 697 7 Ze ae Pe ae =a) | angel | a | | aa NS alle ere he ies ia lips ernst BALANCE THERMOMETER, 60:2 | 60-0 | 60-1 | 60:5 | 61-0 | 62:0 | 62-6 | 64:0 | G48 | 65-8 | 669 | 67-5 GS-4 | 68'S | 69:3 ose 684 | ’ June 994 Oh hm, Discovered several fibres of the Declination suspension thread broken, and, on removing the box cover, the stirrup of the magnet was found rosting on tho copper ring. ‘Tho observations of Declination are not given after 21d 22, as the fibres were probably breaking throughout the day ; the observations before 22h are probably atlooted by a considerable torsion foree. ; i “a TERM-DAy OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 39 Géttingen JULY 19, 20. | Mean Time Declination DECLINA- BIFILAR BALAaNcE DECLINA- Birirarn | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILaAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE Observation.| TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. ae Cae Ere aa || pe a a ad Min. © f Se. Diy. | Se. Diy. Mic. Div. O 4 Se. Diy. Mie. Diy, o U Se. Div. Mie. Div. 104, 144, 182, 29h, 0 25 20-88| 506-9 506-1 | 649-0 | 25 18-48| 500-9 | 647-1 | 25 20-72] 490-7 | 652-0 5 20-77 | 507-7 506:0 | 648-5 18:55| 499-7 | 648.4 20-57 | 491-7 eae 10 20-94| 508-6 506-68 |) ss, 18-10] 500-1 " 90-57 | 492-3 “3 15 21-12} 509-0 507-2 | 649-8 18-38 | 500-9 Pe 20-65} 492-7 | 647-7 20 21-41| 509-7 506-4 x 18-55 | 500-6 * 21-17 | 492-9 Pe 253 21-73) 509-2 506-2 i 18-12] 500-7 e 21-44] 492.5 a 30, 21-73) 509-3 5| 505-8 | 647-6 18-38 | 500-9 - 21-89} 491-7 ae i 35 21-88] 509-4 505-4 am 18-41] 500-3 | 647-5 22-09 | 491-7 | 647-9 | t 40 21-84} 509-3 BOS TE |) a5, 18-06 | 499-8 i“ 22.53 | 492-0 ab | 45 21-69} 508-6 505-5 | 646-7 18-05 | 499-9 | 647-9 22.76 | 491-9 Be 50 21-68| 508-8 504-0 e 17-89| 499-3 | 649-0 22.79 | 491-4 5 | 55 21-78! 509-2 503-8 y 17-88 | 499-4 | 648-6 23-14 | 490-2 fe > 11h, 15h, 19h, 23h, 3 0 25 22-05| 509-9 | 504-3 | 648-0 | 25 17-61| 498-4 Fe 25 23-24| 490-8 | 648-1 | 5 92-18 | 510-5 504-0 |_,, 17-39 | 497-8 a 23-27 | 490-2 ee 10 92-11| 511-3 504-6 | ,, 17-31} 498-9 | 650-2 23-54] 491-5 i. : 15 99.29) 511-1 | 503-6 | 650-1 17:74 498-3 | 652-1 23-93 | 492-2 i ; 20 22-52} 510-4 503-6 m 17-47 | 499-6 u 24-15} 490-8 y 25 22-65 | 510-4 | 502-5 b 17-47 | 498-2 | 652-3 24.37} 488-3 * ; 30 22.45 | 509-9 3| 501-4 | 649-3 17-32) 498-5 ee 24.47 | 487-2 in 35 99-45 | 508-8 3} 502-0 i 17-31 | 497-9 rs 24-60 | 489-8 _ 40 92.45 | 508-4 9! 501-5 a 17-14] 497-5 a 25-14| 490-8 x E 45 22.42 508-0 | 501-5 | 649-7 17-20 | 496-7 B 25-25 | 489.2 eM UE ' 50 22-08 | 507-1 500-4 is 17-34| 497-2 # 24.94| 487-7 | 642.7 | 1 55 22-05 | 507-0 PoOU4s |) os, 17-81 | 496-6 a 25-18 | 489-8 mm ai ; 12h, 162, 204, oh, ' 0 25 21-96 | 507-4 502-2 | 651-3 | 25 17-88] 495-7 fe 25 25-27| 488-8 ‘ | 5 21-86} 507-5 502-2 35 17-88 | 495-9 Ra 25-54| 487-1 . 4 10 22-05 | 507-9 502-2 me 17-88 | 495-5 ie 25-83| 489-9 | 641-3 ‘ 15 21-95 | 508-3 502-8 e 18-23 | 494.9 “i 25:90| 488-7 | 641-7 = 20 21-91 | 507-9 ROPES) IP ee 18-48 | 495-0 | 652-0 25-95 | 490-5 4 p 25 21-68 | 508-3 503-2 is 18-01 | 495-2 i 26-30 | 490-0 ie 30 21-78 508-2 504:6 | 645-6 18-01 | 495-5 654-7 26-60 | 490-2 ae 7% 35 21-84) 507-6 506-5 5 17-88 | 495-1 Bs 26-73 | 490-8 | 641-3 | my 40 21-61) 508-1 507-1 - 17-81} 494-3 | 656-3 27-09 | 490-2 53 ‘ 45 21-73 | 507-9 506-7 a 18-01 | 495-0 8 27-00| 489-7 . a | 50 21-84 | 507-5 506:9 | 640-6 18-48 | 494.4 fs 27-09 | 489-9 * 7 |i 55 21-59 | 507-1 508-8 a 18-55] 493-2 | 657-6 27-19| 489-8 i |} 134, 174, 21h, 14, x 0 25 21-64| 507-1 504-3 | 644-1 | 25 18-59] 492-8 | 659-0 | 25 27-26| 489-1 a : 5 21-75 | 506-5 504-4 ¥ 18-80) 493-5 m 97-29 | 489-6 i 10 21-64) 506-4 503-4 eS 18-99| 494-6 as 27-29 | 491-0 . 15 21:76 | 506-3 503-3 646-8 19-22] 492.2 i 27-53 | 490-5 | 640-3 @ 20 21-46} 506-4 502-3 ae 19-22| 492-4 |} 655-9 97.74 | 492-1 = a 25 21-56) 506-9 502-8 ee 19:80} 493-4 He 27-83 | 492-0 ve 30 21-71 | 506-5 502-0 | 647-3 19:93 | 492-3 | 654-8 27.61 | 490-3 - | 35 21:78 | 506-3 500-9 a 19-70] 491-5 | 653-9 97-46 | 492-1 640-8 | vA 40 21-86 | 506-4 501-4 F 19-96 | 494.2 | 653-2 27-61 | 493-6 wT a 45 21-84} 505-5 499-7 | 645-9 20-37] 491-8 | 653-5 27-56 | 494-8 is 3] 50 21-64 | 506-0 501-7 is 20-50 | 491-8 . 27-49 | 495.2 As 3 55 21-78 | 506-5 . 501-2 Me 20-52) 493-2 | 651-3 27-56 | 495-0 i moe... | 10 11 12 | 18 14 | 15 | 16 | a7 1s | 19 20 | 21 | 22 23} 0 | 1 4) SR ES Bivimar TuerMomerer, . . | 60-4 60-4 60°8 | 60-3 80:3 | 60-0 | 597 | 59-0 58-2 576 | or-4| 57-3 | sa | 57-4 | 57-3 67:3 | |) Batancz Turrmomeren, . . | so2 60:5 60:6 | 60-6 60:6 | 60:3 | 60-0 | 59°5 588 | 582 58-0 sr9 | ors | 57-6 | 57-3 B75 Opsenver’s Ininiat,. . . . | D D Dio a | a | =| z ot ee ees we ew velaw Birinar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. £=0-0001205, BALANCE. Observed 5™ after the Declination. &=0-000015 approximately. 40 TTERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. , Gottingen JULY 19, 20. AUGUST 20; 26: Mean ‘Time of H Declination DECLINA- Brertar | BALANCE | DeEcLINA- BIFILaR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIriLaR | BALANCE Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected., Corrected. Min. || © 4 Se. Diy. } Se. Div. ! Mic. Div. S Z Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. 2. ‘ Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. Qh, | 6h, 104, 14, 25 27-46 | 497-0 509-7 | 658-3 | 25 21-73| 506-4 | *815-8 . 503-3 | 794-1 27-60) 496-2 509-4 21-12] 507-5 | 812-9 65 | 502:4 | 794.9 27-61 | 497-9 -64| 509-6 20-70| 511-4 | 813-0 : 501-8 | 797-2 27-51| 497-2 : 510-3 22-05| 508-0 | 813-1 : 500-8 | 798-1 27-54| 499-2 . 510-7 22.22] 506-8 | 813-4 ; 798-8 27-36 | 498-1 . 511-0 504-5 | 816-0 -14 | : 798-9 27.29| 498-9 . 512-1 . 503-5 | 815-1 21-32) 502- 798-9 27-14 499-0 : 511-8 : 504-7 a | é 26-73 | 499-4 53 | 512-2 : 506-0 “i 2-82 | . 799-2 26-75 | 499-5 . 511-8 -65| 508-9 | 811-8 3-88 | ; 799-4 26-59 | 498-9 | . 511-7 : 510-7 15-93 | . 797-0 26-26 | 498-9 -44| 511-2 . 507-4 1G. 0 | 792eH 3h, 7h, 11, 26-15 | 499-2 . 510-3 : 507-7 25-95 | 498-9 . 510-0 3° 510-4 25-68 | 499-7 . 509-8 ; 509-6 25-31) 500-2 5-6 | : 510-1 3. 507-9 25-14 | 500-8 . 510-2 : 506-4 24-89} 502-1 -93| 510-7 By, 506-4 24-60 | 502-6 5 | -13| 510-9 . 506-9 24.37 | 503-2 | 22-11] 511-8 -14| 507-7 24-15 | 503-5 . 512-4 ; 506.4 24.10 | 504-4 3 | . 511-5 : 507-0 23.86 | 504-2 -38| 511-4 3 506-6 23-66 | 506-0 -42| 511-1 ; 505-0 4h, gh, 12h, 23-76 | 507-5 9-5 | ; 510-3 ; 507-4 23-59 | 507-1 2. 510-0 : 506-7 23-39 | 507-9 -47| 509-9 _ Q3- 502-8 23-26 | 507-7 . 509-5 . 504-6 23-12] 508-2 509-8 . 505-0 23-12| 507-4 | ; 508-9 4. 507-5 22-99| 507-1 | : 509-5 509-3 22-79 | 507-3 | 2. 508-9 : 509-9 22.65 | 507-2 ar 2. 509-1 508-7 22.58] 507-2 2.43 | 509-5 97 | 507-7 22-58 | 507-4 : 509-8 : 507-5 22-45 | 507-8 5 | 2. 509-8 é 509-7 5h, | gh, 13h, 29-38 | 507-7 2. 510-5 -74| 512-1 22.45| 508-1 2. 510-1 3 511-1 22.45 | 507-5 2-45 | 509-8 3 511-6 22.38 | 508-5 508-9 ’ 3-04 | 513-5 22-38 | 508-7 2.35| 509-9 2-63 | 514-0 22-38 | 507-9 22. 509-4 2-83 | 513-2 22.18! 508-6 98} 509-4 : 512-1 22.05 | 509-0 358-5 | c 508-9 2-85 | 510-0 21-98 | 509-8 2-05 22.50 | 507-0 22.05 | 509-1 : 2.38 F 22-181 505-5 90. 21-98 | 508-8 . 2.35 me 21-73 | 504-5 & 16-20 | 499-6 508-6 358-2 | 2-3: 351. 21-56 | 504-5 | 792. 16-17 | 499.1 oun) 2 3) er era ie 10 f10 | 1 | 12 | 13 wR > ae . ; Rn roe BiviLAR THERMOMETER, . | 57:3 | 57°6 | 57: O7°¢ : O82 | 58s 30} STOPOLT | G42 | 6L2] GL0 | 63-7 | | ! | 64-2 | 643 | +0 | 63s BALANCE THERMOMETER, . 57°6 | 57:5 | 57°8 | 67:9 | 58: 58:2 | 58:5 58-0 | 580 640 1 | Tr SS TT OBSERVER’S INITIAL, soit ] { y | Il | i | H | B | B | B | Biriuar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. %4=0:0001205, BALANcr. Observed 3™ after the Declination, k=0-000015 ; & (August) = 0:000014 approximately. * Mhe readings of the Balance Magnetometer during the August term are not comparable with those on the previous or succeeding terms, owing to re-adjustments of the instrument. TerM-Day OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 41 Gottingen Aveust 25, 26. 1 Mean Time ) Declination DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- | BIFILaR | BALANCE BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE f Observation. TION. | Corrected. Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. Min. 2 u Se. Div. | Mic. Div. C z Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. 2 f Se. Div. | Mie. Diy. ; 18, 29h, Qh: 6h, 0 25 16-37] 494.9 | 792-0 | 25 22-20| 485-3 809-3 505-0 818-0 | 25 21-07| 507-6 828-3 5) 16-08 | 498-9 793-2 22-76 | 482-8 811-0 004-9 . 20-85 | 508-7 826-9 10 16-77 | 496-9 796-1 22-92 484-8 o5 506-4 817-6 20-79 | 507-8 826-1 15 16-21) 498-9 a 22-77 | 481-4 814-8 504-0 5 20-95 | 508-0 826-0 20 17-20 | 498-6 = 22-49 | 483-3 815-2 506-5 5 20-81] 506-8 25 17-:17| 496-5 | 796-7 23-64| 483.2 i (aO4:5) ) 7 x 20:75 | 507-3 . 30 16-50 | 495-7 5 23-44 | 483-2 507-3 819-5 20-70] 507-7 822-6 35 15-90 | 495-3 796-1 23-81} 484-6 815-2 506-9 + 20-70] 506-5 40 15:90 | 497-7 3 y 23-95 | 483-2 815-2 503-2 823-7 20-70 | 507-4 ae 45 16-58 | 495-7 3 23-91 | 482-4 §13-8 503-0 822-7 20-701 507-5 819-9 50 17-20 | 493-1 797-1 f 24-27 | 485-2 811-4 504-3 - 20-61 | 507-1 A 55 17-07 | 491-6 » | 24-40] 485.2 i 507-7 i 20-57 | 506-6 is 19%, 232, aye wo 0 25 16-91 | 492-5 » | 25 25-25| 484-4 810-5 508-5 823-8 | 25 20-57] 506-5 816-1 5 16-95) 491-1 798-2 | 26-43 | 481-1 $13-5 508-4 "5 20-57 | 507-1 814-8 10 16-94} 490-6 798-8 26-28) 480-1 812-0 507-9 a 20-70 | 507-6 i 15 17-91 | 489-3 802-0 | 26:39 | 480-5 813-3 509-1 823-5 20-70 | 507-6 oF | 20 18-62 | 488-3 3 i 26-05 | 484-3 811-0 511-2 | 5 20-88 | 506-7 813-8 i 25 18-99 | 486-3 804-0 | 27-29 | 479-8 813-8 507-8 5 20-88 | 506-7 ri 4 | 30 19-33 | 483-5 805-2 | 26-75 | 480-5 813-3 507-1 828-1 21-04} 506-5 810-1 35 19-53 484-0 805-3 | 26-86 | 482-4 813-2 507-1 830-3 20 97 | 507-6 + 40 19-36) 485-1 805-6 | 28-03 | 484-7 814-7 509-2 829-0 21-04 508-0 ae 45 19-56 | 485-7 Pe elle 1827-76)0483-4 >|) 804-4 504.2 | 831-3 21-10} 508-2 4 50 18-45 486-8 804-8 28-57} 482-0 | 814-4 504-6 831-8 20-97 | 509-3 806-4 55 18-86 | 485-4 sel 28-37 | 487-1 §13-2 504-0 832-1 21-14| 509-0 _ | | 20h, on, 4h, sh, 0 25 16-53 | 488-3 » | 25 28-20! 487-9 811-4 505-3 831-6 | 25 21-31| 508-7 » ; 5 20-05 | 488-4 A 28-59 | 490-9 811-2 504-0 832-0 21-31) 507-1 ue | 10 19-83 | 490-2 es 28-91 | 490-9 5 804-6 831-6 21-65 | 508-8 53 iy o15 18-18| 492-0 is 28-97| 495-6 | 809-6 502-8 2! 20-95 | 511-6 x 20 21-66} 493-0 med 29-51 | 493-2 809-4 503-3 5 20-60 | 512-7 ws 25 21-51 | 490-4 801-2 | 29-26 | 493-0 810-5 502-8 830-8 20-41) 512-6 A 30 21-21) 491-6 802-3 29-65 | 493-6 809-9 502-2 831-3 20-27) 513-5 808-1 35 20-14 | 492.3 800-6 } 29-73 | 497-1 809-2 502-8 832-4 20-57} 514-5 5 40 20-23 | 487.2 798-2 | 29-48 | 497-2 810-0 503-7 832-5 20-82) 512-0 809-7 | 45 19-12} 490-4 796-8 30-12 | 498-0 808-6 502-6 832-1 20-70) 508-0 sa 50 18-68 | 490-8 iy 30-29 | 496-3 5S 505-3 832-0 20-67 | 504-8 39 55 19-83 | «sees. 5 29-58 | 492-9 810-3 506-9 3 17-20| 506-6 808-1 218, 1h, 52, gh, 0 25 21-17| 488-6 802-1 | 25 29-51| 497-3 808-9 505-9 832-0 | 25 15-59) 512-0 80-63 5 21-10| 490-6 802-8 | 28-37 | 500-5 805-9 506-1 830-4 15-12) 517-7 » 10 20-30} 489-1 803-4 29-44} 498-5 3 504-6 FP 15-96 | 519-1 » 15 21-14] 487-1 | 802-5} 29-17| 503-3 - 505-4 fs 17:20 | 518-3 a 20 19-98 | 488-5 801-7 | 29-08} 501-9 Sh 505:1 830-3 18-01 | 514-5 807-2 25 21-55 | 482-9 805-5 | 28-95| 501-0 809-7 507:3 Fs 18-12 | 512-6 a | 30 21-78 | 485-9 59 28-94} 503-5 811-9 510-0 828-8 18-52 | 511-1 : | 35 21-76 | 487-4 803-2 28-77 | 501-3 813-0 511-1 827-2 18-55 | 509-4 ; | 40 21-66} 483-0 804-1 29-29 500-9 . 510-2 828-0 18-55 | 509-5 # 45 19-89 | 486-1 803-7 28-30} 502-0 *5 508-8 828-8 19-10} 509-1 3 50 21-37 | 486-7 805-9 28-23} 503-2 815-9 508-6 5 18-82 | 508-7 806-5 | 55 22-58 | 485-1 807-2 28-08 | 502-7 i 509-0 He 18-99 | 508-9 4 BIFILAR THERMOMETER, | 61:0 | 60:2 | 59°8 | 59°7 | 60:0 | | Bazance THERMOMETER, . 61:5 | 60°8 | 60°4 | 6071 | 60°5 | 61:2 | 62:3 | 63:2 | 64-1 | 64-7 | 64:5 | 64:3 | 64-0 | 63°9 | 63:4 | 63:0 | 62°5 D D|w |w BIFILAR. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k=0°0001205, BALANCE. Observed 3” after the Declination. &=0:000014 approximately. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. H TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. Gottingen SEPTEMBER 20, 21. Mean Time Meclination DECLINA- BrrizaR | BALANCE | Deciina- BirivaR | BALANCE | DEcLINA- Birivar | BALANcE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. } TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. Min. My , Se. Div. | Mic. Div. v7 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. | ° 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 2. a Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. 102, 14h, 18}, 22m 0 25 15-49| 510-0 806-4 | 25 16-85| 508-0 790-9 | 25 20-41] 503-0 777-1 | 25 18-62) 492-8 801-8 5 16-41 | 508-0 | 807-6 | 16:60| 507-3 | 788-8 | 19-87} 504-5 a 18-57 | 492-0 % 10 16-84| 508-6 | 8066] 19-09] 498-4 oe Nhe ee 20:3 745041 - 17-99 | 491-5 e 15 16-01| 511-2 | 803-9] 22-23] 496-6 | 784-4] 20-37| 503-3 a 18-45 | 493-0 = 20 14-76 | 513-8 801-0 | 32-20) 507-8 754-9 | 20-37 | 503-1 19:00} 492-3 806-4 25 14-49 | 517-6 797-9 | 34-58 | 507-4 709-9 | : 18-36 | 490-5 805-1 30 15-02) 519-3 796-1 | 32-17 | 500-7 668-7 18-66 | 490-1 808-2 35 15-72 | 517-2 795-9 | 29:06 | 499-0 652-0 | 19-04 | 487-7 bp 40 15-83 | 516-5 795:3 26-57 | 509-7 651-5 | 19-98 | 484-4 813-3 45 15-63 | 513-8 796-3 | 24-10} 509-1 654-2 | 20-35 | 482-1 3 50 15-39) 513-4 796-7 23-93 | 511-6 666-7 20-16 | 485-1 815-6 55 16:06] 511-7 798-2 | 24-50} 512-2 678-4 20-72 | 486-9 3 114, 15%. 232, 0 25 16-73| 510-6 800-9 | 25 23-76) 511-6 687-3 | 25 21-05| 486-4 811-5 5 16-87 | 509-9 801°8 | 22-22 508-7 691-3 | 20-30 | 486-8 53 10 17-34 | 509-7 802-7 | 20-52 | 509-9 693-8 19-40} 493-1 808-5 15 17-88 | 509-7 803-5 | 20-05 | 508-4 698-4 | 20:85 | 488-2 5 20 18-01 | 510-5 801-1 19-31] 506-0 703-1 | 19-96} 489-2 809-2 25 18-62] 511-4 | 801-3] 17-71] 507-5 | 708-9 | 21-14| 492.0 : 30 19-42] 511-5 804-2 | 17-42 | 506-0 715-5 | 21-91 | 492-1 53 35 19-83 | 510-6 804-3 | 16:77 | 508-4 720-5 | 21:37 | 495-9 > | 40 19-36} 511-0 804-0 | 16-33 | 509-1 725-5 | 22-35 | 497-5 804-3 | 45 19-22; 511-9 803-3 | 16-51] 507-7 731-5 | 22-50 | 496-1 + | 50 19-22) 513-6 803-6 | 16-53 | 506-5 735°6 2- 55 19-63 | 513-9 803:8. 15-72 | 509-5 741-0 | phy TG? 0 25 19-42| 513-7 804-1 | 25 16-67] 511-6 a 5 19-56 | 512-8 804-6 | 16-53 | 510-6 744-5 : 10 19-36 | 512-4 805-2 16-13} 511-2 746-1 | 15 19-22] 511-9 B 16-26) 510-4 | 748-5 20 19-22} 511-7 3 15-86 | 511-6 Ah 25 19-22] 511-5 Me 15-59| 509-3 Bes 30 19:09] 512-2 p 15-86 | 507-1 754-6 | | 35 19-09] 512-8 op 15-86 | 507-7 760-5 | 40 19-09] 512:3 99 16-43 | 507-6 765-1 | 45 18-80} 512-0 % 17-44} 508-0 50 18-75 | 512-7 9 17-59 | 508-5 a 59d 18-59 | 511-4 1p 17-24 | 509-5 es 13%, | 0 25 19-27) 510-0 806-3 | 25 17-05] 509-8 es { 5 19-07] 509-4 aa 16-80} 508-5 es 10 18-68] 511-6 es 16-55| 508-5 | 766-8 15 19-10} 512-0 a4 16:50} 508-1 38 | 20 19-17] 512-9 i 16-75 | 504-8 | 772-3 25 19-09} 511-8 804-1 17-88 | 503-0 A 30 19-15 | 510-5 803-3 17-89 | 504-3 Rs | 35 18-57 | 512-4 800-1 18:59} 504-7 p 40 18-48 | 510-6 5p 19-17} 501-7 775-9 45 18-03 | 509-4 799-0 19-27 | 502-5 ss 50 17-74] 509:7 | 795-8 19-83 | 501-5 ‘i 17-20} 509-8 20-32 Tlour, BiviLaAR THERMOMETER, . 65:0 | 65:2 | 65:3 | 65:3 | 65-1 | 65:0 | 649 | 647 | 64:7 BALANCE THERMOMETER, 645 | 649 | 65:2 35°3 | 65:3 | 65:2 | 65:1 | 65:0 | G48 | 644 | OBSERVER’S INITIAL, k=0°0001205. k=0-000013 approximately. Observed 2™ after the Declination. Observed 38™ after the Decljnation. BIFILAR, BALANCE, Sept. 202 14h 35m, Bright auroral glare fron NW by N to N, extending from the horizon to about 12° altitude. No tions visible. At 15% the aurora had disappeared. pencils nor pulsa- TrERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETER, 1843. 43 10 | ua | 12 13 | 14 | 15 | a6 | 17 Birinar THERMOMETER, 519 | 52:0 | 53:0 | 531 | 53-1 | 53°0 69-7 | 70-6 | 70:8 | 699 | 68-9 | 67-9 | 66'8]49:9 | 50°7 | Gottingen SEPTEMBER 20, 21. OctToBER 18, 19. Pea lsation DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BiFinAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIrILAR | BALANCE | Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. i Min. 0 t Sec. Diy. |! Mic. Div. 2 a Se. Diy. | Mic. Div. | ° , | Se. Div. Mic. Div. c 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. | gh, 6h, 10%, 14%, 0 25 26-32) 500-0 799-6 | 25 22-43] 506-3 5 25 16-11] 518-9 816-5 } 25 20-01] 517-5 787-4 5 26-32} 501-9 | oF 22-16} 506-2 827-9 | 16-03 |} 519-0 i 19-81 | 517-8 . 10 26-57 | 505-4 803-2 22-30) 505-2 B 16-53 | 520-8 $15:8 19-29) 518-3 788-7 | 15 26-57 | 507-1 800-5 20-34] 510-7 822-4 17-58 | 521-2 Fe 19-15 | 517:3 bi ' 20 27-81) 509-8 799-9 20-05 | 513-8 821-4 17-78 | 520-0 814-2 19-44} 516-4 _ 25 28-28) 508-5 800-5 21-05| 513-5 +5 17-38 | 519-5 a 20-81} 514-9 st 30 28-28) 506.5 801-1 21-17} 509-4 5 16-80 | 516-1 811-6 21-79| 513-2 es I 35 27-38 | 502-6 801-2 20:75 | 510-0 3 15-93 | 517-5 809.2 21-71] 513-6 784-2 | 40 27-61 | 502-0 801-1 20-43 | 514-9 os 16-60 | 520-2 809-6 20-63 | 515-8 7793 45 27-27} 502-2 798-8 21-12) 519-0 814-8 17-32 | 520-7 807-8 20-55 | 516-5 774-2 | 50 27-24} 502-5 799-2 21-78} 521-4 a 17-64} 519-2 806-4 20-47 | 515-4 770-2 | By) 27-61 | 507-0 797-1 21-76 | 516-2 813-8 17-17 | 525-5 19-87 | 515-4 765-9 | gh, 7h, 114, 15}, 0 25 27-27| 507-2 797-8 | 25 20-65| 508-0 819-7 | 25 17-34] 521-4 804-0 | 25 19-89] 514-8 761-3 | b) 27-20] 507-2 ” 21-01 | 498-9 828-7 | 17-24] 521-9 801-1 20-61 | 512-9 759-7 | 10 26-80] 505-3 S 19-63 | 497-0 837-1 15:99 | 520-7 799-9 21-88 | 509-6 "a N 15 27-13 | 509-7 796-7 16-98 | 492-0 847-1 | 15-12} 521-4 op 22-87 | 504-6 754-0 | 20 27-14] 512-8 oF 10-01 | 494-6 849-8 | 14:67 | 522-4 798-2 23-76 | 501-7 751-9 | 75) 27-74| 517-4 794-6 4:42 | 506-1 840-2 | 15-05 | 523-6 795-5 25-18} 500-4 747-8 | 30 27-80} 515-1 795-1 3-58 | 510-4 838-9 | 15-76 | 522-0 798-8 26-75 | 500-2 744-0 |: 35 27-06 | 511-5 » 4-19] 511-1 | 836-4} 15-63) 520-2 | 797-3 28-14) 500-7 | 737-5 | | 40 26-86) 510-9 99 6-77 | 515-5 2 15:19| 519-0 | 798-3 29-02) 501-6 | 730-4 | 45 27-04) 511-5 797:8 9-25} 511-8 836-2 14-83 | 519-6 796-4 29-78 | 502-0 724-2 | 50 2G 511-2 5 10-59 | 507-3 833-0 16:31 | 518-7 53 29-83 | 505-9 715-5 | [ps 55 26-72| 512-4 | ,, 9-60] 504-7 | 829-4] 16-68] 515-9 | __,, 29:58 | 509-9 | 711-0 | 4h, gh, 12h, 16%, 0 25 26-48] 512-1 799-2 | 25 8-46] 505-1 827-6 | 25 16-52| 514-4 797-3 | 25 29-33| 514-3 706-4 | 5 26-39} 512-4 99 8-85 | 509-7 824-0 | 16-35 | 514-6 3 28-72 | 510-5 700-4 | 10 25-76 | 512-0 op 10-88} 511-3 823-0 16-17] 515-5 794-9 27-70| 522-1 693-9 | } 15 25-99| 511-1 5 12-74} 512-0 817-7 15:96 | 514-5 a 25-79 | 527-4 689-7 | i 20 25-72 | 509-7 op 13-75 | 512-2 815-8 15-86 | 514-8 5 24-62 | 529-0 686-1 | ie 25 25-48 | 509-6 ss 14-85 | 511-6 ‘ 16-23| 513-4 | 796-2 22.90| 528-1 | 682-3 | jj 30 25:25) 509-3 » 16-06) 507-5 | 813-7 16-82| 513-1 | 794-5 20-34) 528-2 | 684-6 | 30 24-78} 510-5 3 17-02| 507-8 810-6 16-51} 513-1 ue 18-45 | 527-6 688-7 | | 40 24-25 | 509-3 cs 17-69 | 506-1 - 16-53 | 514-0 i 17:76 | 524-8 694-7 | 45 24-11) 517-1 ” 18-82} 505-3 re 16-78 | 513-4 of 16-71 | 523-4 697-7 | j 50 23-98 | 513-9 807-5 19-02) 505-7 809-2 17-17 | 513-6 Ap 16-28 | 521-9 703-5 | | 55 22-72 | 513-5 809-4 19-12 | 505-2 i 17-41 | 514-2 3 15-43 | 519-3 706-9 5h, gh, 132. 172, 0 25 21-96| 514-1 812-8 | 25 19:46| 504-9 a 25 17-64] 515-3 796-1 | 25 15-00| 517-4 710-8 | 5 21-88} 515-2 815-0 19-36 | 505-6 AS 17-64 | 515-8 o 15-25 | 517-1 719-6 | 10 20-67 | 516-8 817-6 19-36] 508-1 803-8 | 17-17 | 515-2 5 15-56) 514-7 724-3 | 15 20-40} 517-8 819-5 19-39} 509-6 17-76 | 515-0 796-0 15-14} 513-5 728-9 | 20 20-63 | 522-3 §20-6 19-36} 510-3 801-3 18-10} 514-8 45 15-56 | 512-8 734-8 25 20-72| 521-4 821-0 19-60} 509-2 817-3 19-09} 515-0 ap 16-13 | 512-5 739-2 | } 30 20-10] 520-7 aS 20-14] 506-8 818-8 19-06} 516-6 793-6 16-71 | 511-2 743-4 | 35 20-85 | 520-0 3 19-80} 507-2 817-3 19-49} 517-3 55 16:73 | 512-7 738-8 | 40 22-00} 519-2 826-1 19-49} 506-0 a 19-96} 516:3 791:3 16-44} 516-1 744:3 | 45 22-87| 516-5 Fs 19-13} 506-6 816-6 | 19-93] 516-0 A 16-67 | 516-7 746-1 } 50 22-58| 509-1 829-1 19-53 | 507-0 ee 19-78| 516-1 es 17-12 | 516-2 750-9 | 507-2 19-07 | 508-8 812-9 19-65 | 517-6 787-8 17-12} 514:5 752-4 | | | i BALANCE THERMOMETER, . 68-4 | 69:3 | 69:5 | 68-6 | 68:0 | 67:5 | 66-9] 49-8 | 60:5 52:0 Bond 53-5 | 53:8 | 54-0 OBSERVER’s INITIAL, . | H D D | w W B | i Birinar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. k—=0°0001205. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. k=0:000013 approximately. 44 TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. G6ttingen OcTOBER 18, 19. \ Mean Time | Deelination DECLINA- BIFinaR | BALANCE | DeEciina- BririLarR | BALANCE DECLINA- BriFILaR | BALANCE DECLINA- BiFitaR | BALANcE Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected.) Corrected. Min. be Hy Se. Div. | Mic. Div. | Y Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. 2 £ Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. S, d, Se. Div. ' Mic. Diy. 182, 22h, gh, 62, . 0 25 16-89] 514-2 754-6 | 25 17-88] 500-3 820-2 | 25 24-53 | 516-0 786-9 | 25 18-12| 512-8 813-0 5 17-17 | 513-6 757-8 18-59 | 506-2 Bs 23-81 | 515-7 785-3 18-21} 514-3 811-7 10 15-54} 513-6 759-9 | 17-29 | 505-3 818-6 23-95 | 515-9 783-7 18-46 | 515-6 810-7 1h) 17-74 | 513-7 +5 18-62 | 504-8 818-5 23:93 | 517-4 ¥ 18-62 | 517-0 810-5 20 17-79) 514-1 764-1 | 18-82 | 506-5 818-1 24-85 | 518-7 787-2 18-93 | 517-8 810-0 25 17-85 | 515-2 763-9 | 18-93 | 502-9 816-6 24-60} 517-3 787-6 19-47 | 518-6 808-4 30 17-98 | 514-8 764-9 | 18.32} 504-1 815-2 24-51) 515-0 787-8 19-86} 518-5 808-5 35 18-15 | 514-8 765-4 | 18-60} 505-7 815-6 24-27) 513-4 786-0 20-37 | 519-1 807-8 40 18-25| 514-2 773-7 | 18-73 | 504-5 816-6 24-04) 514-8 785-3 20:54} 519-9 806-9 45 17-99 | 514-9 776-1 | 19-80} 504-4 815-9 23-29} 516-9 785-3 20-74| 518-8 806-2 50 18-30} 513-9 779-2 | 19-96 | 501-4 815-8 23-73 | 516-8 782-7 20-72} 520-0 804-2 59 17-72 | 515-1 779-2 | 18-68 | 500-9 814-3 23-12} 518-7 sf 20-35 | 520-2 803-8 19%, oghe , as 0 25 17-88] 514-9 A 25 18-59] 504-9 812-2 | 25 22-96] 517-5 780-3 | 25 20-45] 519.7 _ 5 17:96} 815-1 780-3 | 19-67 | 504-8 810-7 22-55 | 514-1 785-4 20-20} 519-3 5 10 17-67 | 517-5 780:3 | 20-23 | 505-9 811-0 20-25 | 519-9 804-9 15 17-42) 518-7 ue i 20-47 | 505-2 811-9 20-00 | 518-9 35 20 17-31] 517-7 of) 21-55} 511-1 808-1 20-11} 519-0 Ee 25 17-20) 515-8 781-7 23-59} 509-5 808-3 19-98 | 519-8 3 30 17-04} 513-0 782-2 22-65 | 502-1 809-6 19-42} 520-5 Ps 35 16-55} 513-1 783-8 | 21-95 | 504-8 808-3 19-33 | 520-4 5 40 16-84| 512-6 788-1 21-29} 500-3 808-0 19-71 | 519-0 805-5 45 16-92) 512-0 EA 21-88] 502-4 807-3 20:08 | 519-0 Pe 50 16-92} 512-6 790-4 | 21-53} 505-1 807-0 | 19-96 | 517-3 806-8 55 16-70 | 513-8 792-1 | 21-78 | 506-0 805-3 19-91 | 515-0 807-1 204, oh, sh, 0 25 16-43] 514-5 794-0 | 25 22-65] 503-8 Fs 25 19-71} 512-3 816-2 5 16-91 | 512-2 796-8 22:08} 505-1 804-0 19-70} 509-0 819-9 10 16-53 | 511-6 55 22-38 | 506-1 803-4 18-35 | 510-4 3 15 16-35!) 511-3 800-0 22-22} 506-4 800-9 17-67 | 510-6 $20-1 20 16:53 | 510-6 801-4 22-53 | 509-1 800-9 17-17 | 510-7 $20.4 25 16-85 | 510-5 ne 22-85 | 507-7 799-1 16-10) 511-0 821-2 30 16-78 | 508-9 803-7 22-72) 507-8 797-4 15-32} 512-5 Fr 35 16-89} 509-8 35 22-85 | 508-2 795-9 | 14:73 | 513-6 Pe 40 17-12} 509-4 804-8 22-70 | 510-4 793-8 | 14-51) 516-8 i 45 16-46} 511-0 nN 22-82| 510-8 - 15-32] 514-6 i 50 16-71 | 510-6 805-8 23-12} 510-8 792-6 15-29} 511-8 820-5 55 16-57 | 508-4 M4 23-24] 511-3 | 791-2 13-98| 510-9 |~ ,, 214, 1h, gh, 0 25 16-08] 508-2 808-5 | 25 23-32) 511-2 789-7 25 13-03] 513-0 | 818-1 5 16-53 | 507-3 set atl 23-63 | 512-7 788-5 13-03 | 513-6 817-8 10 16:31 | 506-6 812:5 23:63 | 510-6 788-6 13-91 | 513-2 817-8 15 16-17 | 505-7 6 23-76 | 510-7 788-5 14:58 | 511-6 819-3 20 16-41 | 506-0 817-7 23-63 | 509-6 787-6 14-38 | 512-8 $19-0 25 16-57 | 504-6 on 23:86] 510-3 788-2 14-80 | 513-9 818-0 30 16-37 | 505-3 821-0 23-83 | 513-3 786-4 16:01 | 509-4 818-6 35 16-64} 505-3 A 24-03 | 513-5 785-2 15-49 | 509-8 816-7 40 16:94} 506-5 822-0 24:03 | 516-4 785-0 15-32 | 508-7 815-9 45 17-64} 504-6 a 24:77 | 518-2 784-2 14-60 | 511-7 815-8 50 17-71 | 504-7 24:77 | 518-1 14:40 | 514-4 814-6 504-4. lloun, . [ocnsessennesmsssecenemcnseesece teers BIFILAR THERMOMETER, BALANCH THERMOMETER, . 54:9 540 OBSERVER’S INITIAL, Brrinar. Observed 2™ after the Declination. &=0°0001205. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0°000013 approximately. BirinaR THERMOMETER, . BALANCE THERMOMETER, 51-4 | 52:8 | 53-0 | 532 54:3 | 55-2 55:7 | 55:6 | 55:3 | 55-8 55-8 | Fa TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 45 | Gottingen NoveMBER 24, 25. | econ Time | eee) Decors | Bernas | Bacance| Pucca | Daman | Became] Pacuza | Buman | Barasce | Deouwa | Bienes | Barance Min © z | Se. Div. | Mic. Div. S ‘ Se. Div. | Mic. Div. ° us Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. t t/ Se. Div. Mic. oe. 102. 14h, 18h 99h, 0 25 16-71| 523-0 858-6 | 25 17-59! 520-6 847-9 | 25 17-81] 522-2 848-3 | 25 18-46| 516-2 837-8 5 16-75 | 523-9 | 857-3 17-86 | 521-9 | 847-2' 17-88 | 522-5 | 846.9 18-52| 516-3 ‘ 10 17-05| 525-1 | 864-4 18-19| 522-3 | 843-8 17-88| 522-2 | 846.6 18-46 | 516-0 ¥ 15 17-14) 526-1 863-0 18-52] 521-9 . 17-99 | 521-7 846-0 18-66 | 514-5 a 20 17-14} 525-0 860-5 18-92] 521-6 843-2 17-88 | 521-5 845-4 18-35 | 515-6 BS | 25 17-11} 524-3 | 860-3 18-38| 521-9 | 841-5 18-23] 521-4 | 845-5 19-07| 514-7 a 30 17:15 | 523.2 858-5 18-28 | 522-0 p 18-32] 521-3 843-4 18-79 | 514-4 837-8 35 17-17 | 523-1 857-0 19-07 | 521-3 op 18-18 | 522-0 842.9 19-26] 514-1 a 40 17-39| 523-9 | 855-0 19-44| 520-2 | 841-8 17-89| 522-6 | 841-8 19-22| 513-1 tt } 45 17-67 | 524-2 854-1 19-33 | 521-0 33 17-94 | 522.7 840-9 18:97 | 512-7 Ms | 50 17-81| 524-4 | 851.4 19-22| 521-0 | 839-4 17-64| 523-8 | 840-4 19-61 | 512-7 » 55 17-15 | 524-5 850-0 19-06 | 522-4 a 17-88 | 522-8 3 19-39 | 512-6 at 114, 152 19}, 23h, 0 25 17-39 | 524-5 850-3 | 25 20-23) 523-0 835-4 | 25 17-91] 522-9 840-3 | 25 19-60} 512-8 839-1 5 17-20 | 523-7 848:3 18-92| 523-6 837-3 17-88 | 522-6 rr 19-61) 512-2 ~) 10 16-67 | 523-2 846-9 18-62) 522-9 a 17-91 | 522-3 840-3 19-71} 511-7 841-7 | 15 16-71-| 522-5 846-7 (18-55 | 522-9 ap 18:03 | 521-6 839-3 19-70 | 512-6 840-4 / 20 16-51} 521-9 851-4 18-62) 522-6 836-7 18-28 | 521-4 838-8 20-14] 513-1 842-6 25 16-40} 521-4 851-3 18-55 | 522-8 Fn 18-43 | 521-4 839-0 20-45 | 512-9 843-9 *| 30 16-41} 521-0 853-3 18-30 | 523-4 833-6 18-39 | 522-2 837-8 20:57 | 512-1 845-1 ) 398 16-46 | 520-3 855-2 18-23 | 523-8 a 18-55 | 521-8 . 20-57 | 510-1 845-8 40 16-28 | 519-2 856-1 17-89 | 523-7 832-8 18-38 | 521-7 - 20-50} 511-2 = 45 16-01 | 519-9 859-6 18-25 | 522-7 An 18-41} 521-4 837-3 20-70 | 510-7 846-6 | 50 16-40 | 519-7 861-6 18-25 | 521-8 834-2 18-12} 521-7 836.8 20-60) 510-3 847-3 [P55 16-40| 519-8 | 860-8 17-62 | 522-7 i 18-01} 522-1 4 20-57| 511-3 a / 124, 16%, 20h ob, 0 25 16-40| 518-6 859-5 | 25 17-34| 523-7 833-4 | 25 17-89] 522-8 838-2 | 25 20-63] 510-7 848-9 5 16:04 519-7 860-5 17-20 | 523-9 836-4 17-88 | 522.3 838-1 20-65 | 511-3 a 10 16:06) 518-8 861-6 16-97 | 524-0 5 17-91 | 522-5 a 20-61} 511-2 * 15 15-86 | 518-2 863-4 16-78 | 523-9 a 17-92 | 522-6 838-6 20-81) 511-8 851-1 } 20 16-01} 518-4 op 16-67 | 522-9 835-2 17-91 | 522-6 838-7 20-74} 511-7 852-5 } 25 16.40) 518-5 864-9 16-37 | 524-1 a 18-26 | 522-1 840-1 20-84 | 511-7 at 30 16-68 | 519-0 865-2 16-46 | 523-9 835-7 17-94 | 521-4 840-7 20-84) 511-7 ie 35 17-07 | 518-8 866-4 16-85 | 523-8 op 17-88 | 521-5 841-3 20-60 | 510-7 s 40 17:09} 519-1 865-4 17:09 | 523-4 836-0 17-81 | 521-5 842.2 20-84) 512-2 854-0 45 17-83 | 518-7 866-5 17-24 | 522-8 on 17-89 | 522-2 841-6 20-90) 513-0 an | 50 19-51! 517-6 864-0 17-07 | 523-3 3 18-10 | 521-6 842-0 21-02) 512-1 aA | 55 20-03} 518-5 861-1 17-07 | 523-8 838-2 17-86 | 522-0 842-4 21-07 | 512-6 854-8 132, 172, Q 1h 1, 0 25 21-89] 521-3 855-4 | 25 17-20] 523-2 838-0 | 25 18-06) 521-5 842-4 | 25 20-97} 512.7 854-8 3) 21-89 | 522-7 850-7 17:27 | 525-5 3 18-01 | 520-8 842-3 21-07} 513-0 856-5 10 21-88 | 522-2 846-7 17-44 | 522-6 17-81 | 520-4 842-1 21-12) 512-7 A 15 21-08} 521-9 840-9 17-20} 523-0 844-4 17-85 | 520-2 842-5 20-87 | 512-1 857-4 20 19-65 | 521-3 837-4 17-22} 523-2 or 18-01] 519-4 840-5 20-60 | 512-3 858-2 | 25 18:23 | 522.2 835-5 17-25 | 523-1 848-2 17-98 | 518-7 840-8 20-41 | 513-9 a 30 17-27 | 522-3 833-2 17-20) 523-3 848-5 18-01} 517-9 840-2 20-74} 514-2 857-6 | 35 16-68 | 522.2 3 17-07 | 523-8 845-2 17-78 | 519-1 838-9 20-63 | 514-1 856-2 40 16-84] 521-2 834-7 17:09 | 524-0 5s 18-15] 518-1 837-8 20-54] 514-8 os 45 17-45 | 520-8 844-8 17-00 | 524-0 847-3 18-06 | 517-4 837-4 20:63} 516-0 i 50 17:74| 520-4 x 17-17 | 523-9 4 17-88 | 517-3 | 837-4 20-63 | 515-6 i 55 17:54] 520-9 845-0 17-44} 523-1 847-2 18-21] 517-3 837-1 20-54 | 515-0 855-6 55°6 | 55-0 | 54-7 | bard 52-2 | 53-0 | 535 | 54-0 | 55-9 | 56:3 | 57-0 | 56-7 | 5-0 | 57-5 | 57-5 | 57°3 | 57-0 | 57-0 565 56:5 OBSERVER’s INITIAL, ic | H | H | H WwW | w | w Ww k=0-0001300. k=0:000014 approximately. Observed 2™ after the Declination. Observed 3 after the Declination. | a | | BIFILAR. | BALANCE. | | MAG. AND MET. obs. 1843. us 46 TrermM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. | Gottingen NoveEMBER 24, 25. DrcEMBER, 20, 21. Mean Time f \ Declation DECLINA- Birinar | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE f DECLINA- BiFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE | Observation. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. | TION. Corrected. | Corrected. jf TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. Min. Y 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Div. | .° Se. Div. | Mic. Div. H ¢ Sc. Diy. | Mic. Div. ) 4 Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. oh. | 62, 108, 14h, 0 25 20-40] 514-4 855-6 | 25 18-38] 518-5 866-8 | 25 17-27| 516-0 839-8 | 25 18-70| 516-0 828-4 5 20-30 | 515-4 855-0 | 18-35 | 518-7 867°8 | 17-85 | 516-1 18-97 | 516-5 827-5 10 20-30} 515-0 San May 18-33 518-9 868-4 | 17-69} 515-4 840-0 18-99} 516-9 826-7 15 20-16) 516-1 855°8 | 18-36} 518-8 868-9 17-72} 515-1 5 18:62) 516-4 826-9 20 20-20) 516-7 856-3 | 18-28] 519-0 869-0 | 17-96 | 515-4 15-55 | 517-0 825-4 25 20:03} 516-9 ee 18-19] 519-3 8688 | 17-88 | 516-1 839-5 17:98 | 517-4 | 826-1 30 20:05 | 517-3 854-8 | 18-32] 519-2 868-9 | 17-76 | 517-1 833-9 18-41] 217-2 827-2 35 20-20 | 517-7 856-3 | 18-39} 519-3 867-2 | 17-69 | 517-7 3 18-55 | 516-4 e 40 19-91 | 517-9 Ay 18-25} 519-0 866-8 | 17-64| 516-5 837-0 18-55 | 515-8 828-3 45 20-20 | 518-2 Are 18-23] 518-7 | 866-8 } 17-27 | 514-5 Fs 18-84| 516-5 | 827-4 50 19-91| 518-6 | 856-5 | 18-32] 518-7 | 866-9] 17-36] 514-5 | 835-6 19-02) 516-9 | 828-8 55 19-89} 518-2 856-7 | 18-38 | 518-6 867-0 | 17-56 | 515-1 a 19-09| 516-8 828-2 3h, aus 11h, Es 0 25 19-86] 517-6 | 856-1 | 25 18-39] 518-8 866-2 | 25 17-47| 515-4 837-2 | 25 19-13] 517-2 | 830-0 5) 19-56| 517-4 857-0 | 18-38 | 518-8 864-4 17-42} 514-9 837-9 19-22) 516-9 829-6 10 19-60} 518-8 857-5 18-41} 518-8 864-2 | 17-74} 515-5 iS 19-22} 517-5 828-9 15 19-70} 518-2 858-2 | 18-48 | 519-0 863-6 | 17-89} 516-0 836-4 19-19} 517-1 828-3 20 19:49} 516-8 858:°8 | 18-50 | 518-7 863-0 | 17-86} 516-2 19-15 | 517-7 826-6 25 19-47) 516-8 858-3 18-52] 518-5 862-5 | 17-:76| 515-6 835-1 19-19} 518-0 827-7 30 19-22] 516.2 858-9 | 18-48} 519-1 862-7 | 18:30} 515-7 3 19-20 | 517-9 8278 35 19-20] 515-8 859-1 | 18-46 | 519-0 863-0 | 18-25 | 516-7 832-6 19-26} 518-0 828-9 40 19-31 | 516-8 858-7 | 18-35 | 519-0 860-1 | 18-53 | 517-8 833-2 19-22) 518-2 829-8 45 19-22} 516-7 859-5 | 18-05) 519-2 861-1 } 18-43 | 517-9 5 19-26 | 518-5 828-2 50 19-24| 516-3 859-5 | 18-32} 519-1 860-8 | 18-41 | 517-8 829-7 19-22} 519-1 828-0 5d 19-44} 518-1 859-7 | 18-32) 518-9 860-1 | 18-21} 517-0 3 19-33 | 518-2 829-3 (aah: gh, 12h, 164. 0 25 19-39| 517-3 860-1 | 25 18-41) 519-3 859-6 | 25 18-41 | 516-5 831-1 | 25 19-33| 518-3 829-7 5 19-46] 516-7 859-9 | 18-35] 519-5 Bh het 18-43 | 515-6 5 19-22} 519-0 828-1 10 19-22} 517-4 859-7 18-41} 519-5 857-6 | 18-25 | 517-3 829-1 19-36 | 518-9 | 828-6 15 18-97 | 517-6 859-4 18-39| 518-7 858-0 | 17-38 | 522-9 824-3 19-42} 519-3 827-3 20 18.72] 517-7 859-9 18-01) 518-8 Sy). 15-93 | 524-1 as 19-27 | 519-5 3 25 18-72 | 518-2 859-9 | 18-16} 518-7 857-1 15:77 | 522-3 822-1 19-36 | 518-7 > 30 18-68 | 517-5 860-4 18-15} 518-9 856-6 | 16-53) 518-1 825-1 19-36] 518-6 828-8 35 18-89| 518-1 861-0 18:16} 518-2 856-4 | 17-25 | 515-2 a 19-26} 518-9 | 828-6 40 18-68 | 518-6 862-1 18-25 | 518-7 894:8 | 17-88 | 514-7 831-3 19-29} 519-3 828-3 45 18-72} 518-6 861-9 17-94] 518-4 eae | 18-15} 515-0 830-2 19-24 | 520-0 827-7 50 18-70 | 518-4 861-8 17-85 | 518-7 853-5 | 18-38 | 515-5 5p 19-22) 520.4 826-1 55 18-75 | 518-3 861-6 17-69 | 518-2 853-4 | 18-23 | 516-0 831-4 19-24 | 520-0 826-6 oF gh. none ges 0 25 18-75 | 518-3 865-4 | 25 17-38} 520-1 854-0 } 25 17-96| 516-3 a 25 19-80! 518-7 828-9 5 18-72 | 518-5 867-5 17-34 | 519-1 854-6 | 17-79 | 515-9 827-6 19-89 | 518-1 $26:8 10 18-72) 518-6 868-4 17-47 | 518-9 855-7 | 17-89} 515-8 829-5 19-70 | 519-0 828-6 15 18-65 | 518-9 868:3 17-62) 519-1 855°8 | 18-21} 516-0 bs 19-67} 519-2 | 827-0 20 18:59 | 518-9 868-1 17-47 | 519-1 855-6 | 18-55 | 516-9 §30-0 19-22| 519-7 827-4 25 18-55) 518-9 867-9 17:32} 519-0 857-1 | 18-62} 517-9 826-4 19-12} 520-1 824-2 30 18-62] 518-5 867-8 17-24} 518-9 op 18-86 | 518-6 5 19-00 | 520-1 >) 35 18:73 | 518-6 867-8 17-27 | 518-6 857°8 | 18-53 | 517-7 825-9 18-68 | 520-4 824:8 40 18-63 | 519-1 867-1 17-:34| 518-0 a 18-79 | 517-0 829-1 18-63 | 520-6 | S241 45 18:57 | 519-0 867-4 17-74) 517-5 860-1 18-70 | 516-8 827-3 18-68 | 520-2 824-3 50 18:55 | 518-8 867-2 17-85 | 517-1 862-6 | 18-55 | 515-4 .s 18-62) 520-0 §23-7 55 18-43 | 518-6 867-0 17-89 | 517-0 862-2 | 18-55 | 515-1 | 827-4 18-55) 520-1 823-2 Hour, ee 5 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | a4 | 15 | 76a TE, OBSERVER’S INTIAL ’ BIPFILAR, Observed 2™ after the Declination. BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. &=0:000014 approximately. k=0:00013800. H BiriLwAR THERMOMETER, . 62:7 | 53:7 | 54:7 | 55-6 | 56:0 | 56°3 | 56-7 571 BALANCE THERMOMETER, O47 | 559 | 569 | 57-8 | 582 | 58-4 | 588 ttt ee a ee a en TERM-DAY OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, 1843. 47 | Gottingen DecEMBER 20, 21. at Mean Time al Declination DECLINA- BiFI~tar | BALANCE DEcLINA- BIFILAR | BALANCE DECLINA- Birinan | BALANCE DECLINA- BiriLAR | BALANCE { t Observation. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected. | Corrected. TION. Corrected.| Corrected. | | 2 & Sc. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Div. Se. Div. | Mic. Diy. os i Se. Div. | Mic. Div. 182. gah, oh. 6h, ; 25 18-53 | 520-4 824-6 516-2 834-5 517-7 840-7 | 25 20-63! 516-5 841-2 18-55 | 520-6 | 825-0 516-0 a 517-8 | 841-8 20:79| 515-6 | 840-1 | 18-46 | 520-2 | 824-5 “ 517-8 a 20-63 | 516-2 | 840-1 | 18-52} 520-3 823-4 . 515- 835-2 517-8 844-3 20-61 | 515-7 839-8 | 18-55} 520-1 | 823.2 -58| 515-7 | 834-6 | 517-9 ~ 20-61| 514-7 | 840-0 | . 18-63 | 520-2 823-8 “64 D: 834-3 | 518-2 842-7 20-55 | 513-9 a 18-63 | 520-1 826-2 . 834-8 . 518-8 845-5 20-30 | 514-2 839-7 18-55 | 520-2 | 824.6 . 35- -60| 518-2 | 843-8 20-13] 513-7 | 839-8 | 18-72} 520-0 825-7 . 515: 4 518-7 844-5 19-76| 513-1 840-0 18-62| 520-1 | 826-1 7-95 5: 35-5 518-9 | 844-6 19-76] 514-4 | 839-9 | 18-68 | 520-0 | 826.3 . 335- 518-7 > 19-81| 514-3 a | 18-68 | 519-4 826-2 : . 35: 518-6 843-9 19-94} 513-0 840-6 | | 19}, gh, 3h, ah, | 18-55 | 520-0 828-2 . . 518-5 843-9 19-74; 513-7 5 18-57| 520-1 | 830-6 : 38. 518-5 e 19-60} 513-4 | 841-7 18-55 | 520-0 | 830-8 . 39. 518-6 | 843-0 19-80] 513-2 | 843.2 | | 18-68 | 519-5 se 514: 518-7 As 19-83 | 513-4 | 842-3 | | 18-62| 519-6 | 830-1 - “§ 518-5 | 843-0 19-27 | 514-9 ae 18-62| 519-6 | 830-7 : 41. 518-9 ie 19-84] 515-8 | 840-5 | 18-55 | 519-7 es . 2. 519-0 843-1 19-89 | 515-2 840-1 | 7 | 18-55 | 519-3 | 830-5 : “ 518-3 ie 20-10] 515-5 | 840-8 | | 18-55] 519-1 | 831-6 : . 2. 518-1 | 842-1 20-01 839-2 | 18-50) 519-2 | 831-1 : 43: . 518-0 A 19-83 835-7 | 18-35 | 519-2 | 832.2 . . 518-3 ms 20-32 e | 18-35 | 519-2 831-1 : . 518-5 841-3 19-86 834-6 204, ; 44, } 18:41! 518-7 831-1 . 518-9 840-0 20-21 835-4 | 18-33 | 518-8 53 . : : 519-4 of 8: 835-3 | 18-16| 518-7 | 832-5 07| 518-9 | $40-1 8: 835-4 18-01] 518-4 | 830-8 3: 518-1 ae . 836-0 18-01 | 518-3 832-7 . . 516-7 839-6 ” | 18-01 | 518-3 831-4 : : 86} 516-8 839-9 . 833-5 ! 18-01 832-1 70| 518-8 . ; 833-4 | 18-01 A . 519-9 838-7 17-92 as . 521-3 | 838-8 | 17-92 831-8 . 519-7 | 840-4 | 17-88 831-9 : . ‘96| 517-6 841-1 17-88 . 517-3 & 5h, | 17-81 33. : 517-0 17-67 3. : 517-4 17-67 : : 517-6 17-56 4. -34| 517-1 | 17-49 [+ D: 518-2 17-45 515-5 17-38 : : 515-4 17-32 4 : 517-3 17-27 3: . . 518-0 17-27 . , 03) 517-7 17-24 . . : : . 517-8 17-20 : : 518-7 | BIFILAR TuERMomeETER, . | 57-0 | 57:0 | 57-0 | 57-2 | 57-0 | 56:4 | 6 Uilleea | 56:4 | 56-7 | 57-0 | 56:8 | 56-3 | 56:0 | 55-4 | 55-0 | 54:6 | BALANCE THERMOMETER, 59:3 | 59-1 | 59:5 | 59:6 | 59-2 | 58:4 | 58°5 | 58-5 | 58-6 | 59-0 | 59-0 | 58:6 | 58-2 | 57-6 | 57-0 | 56:3 | 55-7 |_Ossenven’s tina, . | D | De Deel we Hw |v Ww | w H | u |B | Bui | Diep vg | BIFILAR. Observed 2™ after the Declination. s&=0-:0001300. | BALANCE. Observed 3™ after the Declination. k=0-000014 approximately. EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS. . MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY, 1843. 50 Gottingen Mean Time. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. Min. Reading of : Obs. Reduced. ° a ™. 0 | 25 25-04 | Min. of Obs. Reading Cor- rected. Se. Div. 536-6 536-7 554-6 555°1 540-0 535-0 532-3 532-2 531-4 Min. of Obs. Reading Cor- rected. Mic. Div. 846-6 23-79 24-67 24-60 24-53 22-06 527-0 505-1 516-1 513-2 512-5 523-9 535-9 531-2 527-4 523-1 521-9 526-0 530-0 532-3 532-9 533-4 534-2 531-4 811-0 Gottingen Mean Time. Feb. a. 6 h. | 10 | . DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JANUARY 2—FEBRUARY 14. 1843. BALANCE. Reading Reduced. | | | | J Reading Cor- rected. Se. Div. 534-5 524:5 514:5 528-0 529-5 527-2 532-0 529-9 525-7 524-9 524-9 034-3 536-8 540-0 | Min. of || Obs. Reading Cor- rected. Mie. Div. 819-1 813-9 808-7 797-0 792-1 786-2 780-2 775-2 774-8 769-1 768-6 740-9 736-6 753-1 26-66 28-54 27-80 25-88 27-19 27-13 27-51 20-87 526-5 518-3 515-1 521-1 519-3 517-5 519-0 524-2 859-4 852-2 846-7 843-0 843-9 842-9 842-1 842-0 21-04 30-12 28:35 25-99 22-11 20-60 19-64 17-04 16-55 18-01 20-10 21-17 45-20 44:31 49-42 532-1 529-0 526-4 528-4 534-2 534+1 530-4 533-4 520: 538: 3 38: 806-8 798-9 798-6 797-7 794-9 796-6 800-3 801-7 Feb. 531-1 Feb. Feb. or or or oOsMINNOK, MN ou WODAWOOHUWNE © or or or or Or or NWONwWNWWWWNW we oud ot BO WIlON — = STO STO STO NT OST tO ONT OO oro Hw “Ibo ST bo or BIFILAR. k—0:0001248. BIFILAR THERMOMETER. BALANCE THERMOMETER, | BALANCE, k=0-:000015 approximately. 2° obo Feb. 64 9h, { be 53 3% ef 192 113, (51°3 1 54°-0" Vor the readings of the Bifilar and Balance Thermometers at the hours of the Daily Observations, see the section containing these obser- vations. EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, FEBRUARY 14—24. 1843. 51 ETOCS 9 | | DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. | BALANCE. | DECLINATION. BIFILaR. BALANCE. ed | ie Reading | Min. | Reading | Min.| Roary eS eeneen) Min Reading Min. aug, Min. RESETS ! Wee Reduced. | of | pore of Vole of Reduced of Cor- of Vor- | Obs. | Obs. | rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. * ||Obs.| rected. | Obs. | rected. ly Tig aang SO | m. | Sc.Div. || m. | Mic. Div. | d. oh. |} m. ONS m. Se. Div. m. | Mic. Div. | Feb. 14 10 | | 1 | 522-9 | 2 756-9 | Feb. 24 4 || 55 | 25 41-41] 57 |] 547-7 | 58] 796-1 | 4 | 25 22-08] 6 | 524.2 7 | 739-3' | Beb; 24 5 || 0 42-10|| 2] 546-0 3 | 798-3 | | | | | nase 41-12] 7 | 539.2 8 800-5 Feb. 16 6 || 0 | 25 27-34] 2| 542-0 | 3] 756-1 10 40-73, 12 | 537-9 Feb. 16 7 || 40 10-48 | 42 | -549-7 | 43 | 769-4 15 40-73] 17 | 540-6 | 18 | 803-0 | 45 12-36] 47 | 548-3 | 48 | 771-7 20| 41-18] 22 | 533-0 | 50 13-25] 52 | 542-8 || 53 | 770-5 25 40-77] 27 | 530-5 || 28 | 811-2 | 55 12-40|| 57 | 544-5 || 58 | 768-0 30 38-15] 32 | 527-1 || 33 | 819.4 Heb. 16 8] 0 14:06] 2| 543-8 | 3 | 767-8 35 | 36-63 | 37 | 528-4 | 38 | 827-5 \linole| 17-44), 7 | 536-7 || 8 | 769-8 40 34-73 || 42 | 531-2 || 43] 837-0 | 10 18-41] 12 | 531-2 | 13 | 769-3 45 33-34|| 47 | 533-1 || 48 | 853-0 | 15 17-34] 17 | 529-8 || 18 | 769-0 50 31-94 || 52 530-6 | 53 | 867-2 | 20 17-27 || 22 536-8 || 23 | 765-2 05 30:68 || 57 | 534-0 | 58 | 870-7 25 18-15] 27 | 534-3 | 28 | 766-8 | Feb. 24 6] 0 30-62] 2) 528-9 | 3 | 878-6 30 17-74 || 32 | 535-1 | 33 | 766-6 | B) 28-20] 7 | 526-3 8 | 879-3 35 V7-ol oie | oS O-ON 38") 761-4 10 24-37 || 12 | 532-6 || 13 | 876-7 Feb. 16 10 || 0 23-19|| 2 537-8 | 3 | 760-6 15 22-67| 17 | 536-6 | 18 | 872-0 20 21-88 || 22 538-5 || 23 | 873-3 | Feb. 23 18 O | 25 21-24] 2 544-1 || 3] 725-2 | 25 21-44] 27 | 534-4 || 28 | 876-8 | 50 21-17 || 52 543-9 || 53. | 727-5 30 22-49] 32 | 531-3 || 33 | 885-0 | Feb. 23 20 0 21-51) 2) 543-9 We 32) 9723-0 35 22.22] 37 | 527-3 | 38 | 889-2 Heb. 23 22 9 27:38 || 2 528-7 3 | 725-8 | 40 20-14|| 42 | 532-4 | 43 | 881-1 Feb. 24 0 0 32:27]) 2 539-1 3 | 727-8 45 19-20] 47 | 537-9 | 48 | 871-7 Heb. 24 1 || 35 34-21] 37 | 538-6 || 38 | 731-8 50 21-59] 52 | 537-9 || 53 870-6 | Feb. 24. 2 || 0 34-68) 2] 538-6 Suleoos Oe) 595 23-29|| 57 | 541-7 | 58 | 873-6 10 36-67 12 | 540-7 || 13 738-7 | Feb. 24 7 0 24-78) 2 545-3 | 3 867-7 15 36-95 | 5 28-08] 7 | 544-5 8 | 868-2 25 38-62] 27 | 536-4 || 28 | 742-8 10 32-72 || 12 532-8 | 13 | 886-7 30 38-75 || 32 535-1 || 33 745-0 | 15 30-42 | 17 533-5 || 18 | 896-1 35 38-72) 37 | 531-4 | 38 | 746-5 20 30-02 | 22 533-5 || 23 | 911-2 40 38-01 | 42 | 531-7 || 43 746-9 25 27-58 || 27 | 532-2 || 28 | 905-6 45 38-18] 47 | 5345 | 48 | 749-2 | 30 26-40 || 32 530-5 | 33 | 899-7 Feb. 24 3 0 40-33 || 2 536-8 | 3 751-9 35 26-66 || 37 | 531-2 || 38 |. 891-8 5 40-68] 7 | 540-6 8 | 753-5 40 -27-58 | 42 | 515-8 || 43 | 897-8 10 41-61] 12 641-3 |} 13 756-6 45 24-82 || 47 | 528-9 | 48 | 901-4 15 42:95] 17 | 543-5 | 18 757-4 50 28-15] 52 | 527-0 || 53 | 894.7 | 20 43-09 || 22 539-2 || 23 764-1 595 27-38 | 57 | 529-3 | 58] 889-6 25 42-43 | 27 539-9 | 28 | 768-9 | Feb. 24 8 0 26-79 || 2 523-5 3 | 887-8 30 41-86 | 32 544:0 | 33 | 771-5 5 22°79 onal 8 | 878-1 35 42.65 || 37 | 544-0 | 38 | 775-8 10 22-05 12 | 526-1 13 | 866-0 ae | 40 42-53 | 42 544-1 || 43 | 780-8 15 23:06] 17 | 521-4 | 18 |) 856.4 45 41-02] 47 | 546-4 | 48 | 782-4 | 20 22-25 || 22 | 519-8 || 23 | 855-9 | 50 41-04 || 52 550-4 || 353 785-4 25 20-10) 27 | 519-1 | 28 | 853-5 By) 41-39] 57 | 537-9 | 58 | 791-1 30 19-84] 32 | 522-4 | 33 850-1 . Feb. 24 4 0 43-60} 2 535-2 3 | 794-1 | 35 19-68 || 37 | 521-0 | 38] 850-0 ly 5 43-68 7 | 530-4 8 | 796-6 | 40 19-07 | 42 | 521-0 || 43 | 845-5 10 42-08 || 12 525-2 | 13 | 798-0 45 18-08 | 47 | 524-9 | 48 | 833-9 15 41:00] 17 | 526-8 | 18 | 795-5 50 17-98 || 52 | 526-0 | 53) 837-6 ‘| 20 40-33 | 22 527-1 || 23 | 794-3 | 55 18-26] 57 | 528-9 | 58 | 830-7 | 25 38-01) 27 | 534-0 || 28 | 792-1 | Feb. 24 9 0 18-18| 2 | 531-8 3 | 826-2 i | 30 38-18 || 32 DoT OM Sone Ol oy | 5 19-61] 7 | 532-6 8 | 821-2 4 35 37-81] 37 | 546-5 | 38 | 789-8 | 10 21-84] 12 | 529-3 | 13 |. 816-2 | 40 38.75 || 42 | 554-4 || 43 | 789-9 | 15 23-16] 17 | 525-9 | 18 | 811-1 | 45 40-65) 47 | 558-7 || 48 | 791-6 20 22-25 || 22 523-7 || 23 | 813-3 7 : 50 40-64 || 52 551-0 || 53 | 794-5 | 25 21-89 || 27 | 525-7 || 28 | 807-7 a Birizar. k=00001248. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately. 51°1 51°3 51°-8 52°5 | Sor } Feb, 244 14 35m, { 3; 242 3h) { ; 244 5h, eget 244 7h, ee 244 Qh, 54°-8" i BIFILAR THERMOMETER. | 52°5? 52°6? BaLaANcr THERMOMETER. 52 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, FEBRUARY 24—Manrcu 6. 1843. DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. | BALANCE. | || DECLINATION, | BIFILAR. | BALANCE, Site | ean \| | SS Gottingen [atin.| pending |/Min-| Reading | Min.| Reading | ypoumecn || Min Reading |Min.| Reading ||Min.| Reading of | Reduced. || of Cor- || of Corel | Of | Reduced. |) Of eons Oi Cor- Obs. Obs.| rected. |; Obs.| rected. | | Obs. |Obs.| rected. | Obs.) rected. Aig) Mesmgs nee m. | Sc.Div. || m. | Mic. Div. | a ty isoglt ot 17 m. | Se.Div. || a | Miepee | Feb. 24. 9 | 30 | 25 291-53+|32-) 2596-5. ||3 806-9 | Mar. 6 6 | 0 | 25 2810) 2) 535-1 | 3| 740-6 35 21-51] 37 | 526-5 | 38 | 806-2 | 15 26-28 17 | 526-3 | 18 | 751-57 40 20-57 || 42 | 527-0 | 43) 804-8 | 20 24-11] 22 | 531-9 | 23 | 753-8 45 19-04 47 | 527-4 || 48] 798-1 | 25 22-.82| 27 | 538-3 || 98 | 754-2 F 50 18-41 || 52 | 527-4 | 53 | 800-0 | 30 22-92| 32 | 541-8 | 33 | 754.4 | 55 18-89] 57 | 525-9 || 58 | 785-3 | 35 23-29 || 37 | 540-4 | 38 | 754-8 | Feb. 24 10.| 0 20-16 2} 527-0 | 3 | 783-2 | 40 22.06 42 541-0 | 43 | 755-4 45 21-21] 47 | 540-0 | 48 | 755-6 | Feb. 25 10 |} 0 | 25 16-40] 2) 544.3 | 3] 743-2 | 50 19-71 || 52 | 541.5 || 53 | “75%7e8 eyed 5 9-84] 7] 559-0 | 8 | 736-4 | [e55 19-54 | | 10 8-40| 12 | 567-3 | 13 | 730-0 | Mar. 6 7] 0j|- 20-08] 2)| 543-4 | 31 757-6 15 10-32 17 | 563-3 18 | 730-9 | 15 23-41] 17 | 540-4 || 18 | 759-8 20 11-82] 22 | 556-5 | 23 | 729-4 | | 25 21-32] 27 | 538-4 | 98 | 759-0 25 13-17 27 |- 549-0 || 28 | 731-5 | 30 22.25 | 30 14.78 | 32; 538-4 || 33.) 737-7 | Mar. 6-8 || 0 25-75) 2| 542-3-| 31 760-4 | 35 16-39 || 37 | 523-9 || 38 | 742-3 | | 15 26-62| 17) 536-7 | 18 | 7629 40 15-96] 42 | 516-5 | 43 | 744-9 | 30 25-92|| 32 | 533-8 | 33 | 765-4 45 18-92] 47 | 508-3 | 48 | 751-2 | 45 26-53 || 47 | 535-7 | 48 | 765-0 50 21-07 || 52, 508-3..|| 53.| 7525 | Mar. 6 99 | 0 23-03 || 2| 539-4 | 3] 759-4 55 21-89] 57 | 511-0 | 58 | 752-3 | 10 19-19 12 | 544-5 | 13 | 758-0 | Feb. 25 11] 0 22:45) 2) 515-7 || 3 | »750-0 | 15 14-29] 17 | 544-9 | 18 | 758-1 5 23.23) \7|, 519-4." 8)| 74455 9 20 10-73 | 22 | 552-2 | 93 | -751-0 10 23-44] 12 | 518-7 | 13 | 743-8 | 25 13-91 27 | 555-1 | 98 | 741-5 7 15 21-98] 17 | 5225 | 18 | 742-3 | 30 17-98 || 32 | 945-1 | 33 | 737-09) 20 20:13] 22) 530-5 | 23 | 737-7 | 35 16-64| 37 | 538-7 | 38 | 734-6 | | 25 19-27 || 27 | 535-1 || 28 | 737-7 40 15-20] 42 | 544.5 || 43 | 733-290) 30 18:75 || 32 | 536-8 || 33 | 732-8 45 14-65] 47 | 549-8 | 48 | 728-2 35 18-46] 37 | 536-0 | 38 | 732-8 | 50 16-10] 52 | 544-4 || 53 | 728-7 40 18-12] 42 | 540-4 | 43°) 733-1 | 55 15-86] 57 | 942-2 | 58 | 729-4 45 19-26] 47 | 541-9 || 48 | 732-2 | Mar. 6 10] 0 15.23] 2| 536-4 | 3] 7296-1 50 20-40] 52 | 541-0 || 53 | 730-2 | 5 15-52] 7 | 532-0 | 8 | yoga 55 20:87 || 57 | 539-5 | 58 | 729-7 | 10 14-51] 12 | 525-8 | 13 | 7253 ! | 15 13-32] 17 | 526-9 | 18 | 715-6 | Mar. 4 10]| 0/ 25 19-81] 2] 534-8 | 3] 755-4 | 20 16-10) 22 | 518-6 | 93 | 707-7 5 21-19] 7 | 532-3 || 8 | 756-4 | 25 18-99 || 27 | 507-5 | 28 | 7044 10 22-03 12 | 531-7 | 13 | 756.4 | 30 15-32] 32 | 514-0 | 33 | 703-4 20 19-70 || 22 | 537-2 | 23 | 744.9 | 35 15-86 37 | 523-0 | 38 | 6944 25 17-34] 97 | 541-8 || 28 |. 735-4: | 40 18-32|| 42 | 528-4 | 43 | 696-6 30 14-35 || 32 | 542-3 | 33 | 729-1 45 20-00 47 | 534-2 | 48 | 699-6 35 13-81 |. 37 | 532-1 | 38 | 730-3 50 19-71 | 52 | 525-5 | 53 699-9 40 13-07 || 42 | 530-9 | 43 | 732.2 55 15-70 | 57 | 529-0 | 58 | 700-6 45 14.28] 47 | 535-2 | 48 | 728-8 | Mar. 6 11] 0 12-51] 2] 527-1 3 | 694-0 50 18-12] 52 | 537-4 || 53 | 728-2 5 9-49) 7| 530-2 | 8) 678-9 55 22-25 57 | 534.8 | 58 | 726-5 | 10 8-23]/ 12 | 519-1 | 13 | 667-0 | Mar. 4 11|| 0 23-23 (Qui) 580-au7) Bin 725-4 15 6-45 || 17 | 513-9 | 18 | 6648 | 15 QUAN), S82aa lets \7e4od 20 4-45 22 | 522-7 | 93 | 670-6 20 20-43 || 22 | 531-7 | 23,| 723-5 25 4-08 || 27 | 522-7 || 98 | 6729 30 18-79 || 32 | 527-7 | 33 | 734-2 30 5-70 32 | 520-2 | 33 | 676-6 40 19-07 || 42 | 525-8 | 43 | 740-9 35 7-08 37 | 517-0 | 38 | 675-4 50 19-09 52 | 533-3 | 53 | 741-1 | 40 7-26 42 | 514-1 | 43 | 677-4 | Mar. 412] 0 19-96] 2| 5324 | 3 | 745.0 | 45 7-08 47 | 512-3 | 48 | 681-9 | <0 05 TT ae ee | 50 7-55 || 52 | 517-7 | 53-| 687-8 Mar. 5 18 | 0 | 25 22.96] 2{| 528-4 | 31} 7929.4 : | 55 8-98 | 57 | 522-2 | 58 | 695-9 30 25-54| 82 | 531-8 || 33] 719-2 | Mar. 612] 0| 10:92} 2| 5246 | 3| 7026 | Mar. 5 20] 0 30:37 2) 537-30 |» 39! 712-2 | 5] 12:58] 7} 5245 || 8) 7059 BIritaAr. k=0:0001248. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately. DavenlTReaueenese Feb. 254 10%—12, teaeer March 42 11, teas 6211, (eps: G2 12, { sek Feb, 244 10%, For the continuation of these observations, see the Zerm Observations. Keb, 252 10". Continued from the Term Observations. EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 6—7. 1843. 53 || DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. | BALANCE. DECLINATION, | BIFILAR, BALANCE, eee | Min. Reading | Min.| Reading | Min,| Reading cotmgen | Min Reading | Min.) Reading | Min.) Reading | of | Reduced. | of Corse) ok Por of | Reduced of Cor- of Cor- Obs. | Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. * |Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. feds Wms |i 2% ieee tscamivel | [ome Weaucunie djche 1) ms, |e |? ea eae m. | Mic. Div. Mar G 12 | 10 | 25 13-95] 12) 521-2 | 13-) 702-7 | Mar. 6 17] 5] 25 23-59] 7 | 517-1 8 | 580-6 | 15 14-4817 | 521-7 | 18 | 702-3 10 21-84] 12 | 521-7 | 13 | 587-5 | 30 18-13 | 32 515-3 || 33 704-5 15 19-89} 17 522-9 18 595-9 | | 42 | 507-0 | 43 | 685-3 20 18-68 | 22 | 521-9 || 23 | 601-7 45 24-80] 47 | 505-6 | 48 | 663.9 25 17-11|| 27 | 521-6 || 28 | 608-9 50 27-46 52 | 505-1 | 53 | 640-4 30 16-91 || 32 | 518-4 | 33 | 617-6 | 55 27-16 | 57 522-9 || 58 636-1 35 16-85 || 37 517-2 38 625-6 Mar. 6 13] 0 26-01] 2] 525-5 | 3 35-5 40 17-20|| 42 | 519-6 || 43 | 635-6 5 26:19] 7 518-5 8 632-1 | 45 17-07 || 47 521-9 || 48 647-7 10 25-43 || 12 509-6 | 13 620-3 50 17-45 || 52 526-1 53 654-7 15 23-70 || 17 503-4 | 18 617-2 55 17-98 || 57 526-7 58 659-5 20 19-87 || 22 506-5 | 23 623-0 | Mar. 6 18 0 17-61 || 2 525-4 3 661-6 25 16-40) 27 521-6 28 626-8 i a) 16-67 7 528-8 8 663-8 | 33 563°8 || 10 16-84 || 12 528-5 13 668-4 35 25-22 || 37 550-1 || 38 645-0 15 17-20] 17 528-3 18 671-3 40 33-49 | 42 543-4 | 43 639-1 20 17-71 || 22 527-7 23 670-5 45 32-65 || 47 532-1 48 637-8 25 17-72|| 27 529-2 || 28 672-8 50 29-75 || 52 526-1 | 53 641-8 30 18-65 || 32 530-3 33 674-6 55 20-54 |) 57 534-1 58 651-4 35 19-87 || 37 527-8 38 677-4 Mar. 6 14 0 12-16 2 540-9 3 659-8 40 20-58 || 42 526-5 43 684-4 3) 8-43 || 7 546-4 8 658-3 45 21-51] 47 527-9 48 688-0 10 7°58 || 12 048:5 13 652-1 50 22-77 || 52 521.7 53 690-0 15 9-67 | 17 540-5 18 648-2 55 23-12 || 57 526-5 58 692-2 20 | 11-02 || 22 537-3 || 23 650-9 | Mar. 6 19 0 23-04 2 528-3 3 697-0 25 11-98 | 27 536-0 | 28 645-7 5) 23-86 || 7 527-7 8 700-9 30 14-58 || 32 531-9 33 638-6 10 24.74 || 12 525-1 13 703-7 35 15-52 | 37 526-7 38 633-2 15 24-53 | 17 526-1 18 705-3 40 15-25 || 42 523-9 | 43 630°3 | - 20 24-60 | 22 527-8 23 705-6 45 14-29 | 47 519-8 48 622-7 25 24-40 || 27 530-9 28 705-7 50 12-16] 52 519-8 53 617:8 30 24-30 || 32 532-6 || 33 702-8 55 11-15 || 57 516-3 58 614-4 50 25-75 || 52 531-7 53 702-0 Mar. 6 15 0 9:82] 2 516-5 3 613-9 55 26-01 || 57 530-2 58 703-7 5 9-74 || 7 514-4 8 614-7 | Mar. 6 20 0 25-90|| 2 530-5 3 705-4 | 10 9-81] 12 513-9 13 616-6 25 23-53 || 27 528-5 28 712-5 15 10-52 || 17 513-0 18 619-9 30 23-16 || 32 529-3 33 714.1 20 | 11-19 22 512-2 23 621-5 40 22-03 | 42 531-5 43 715-2 25 11-80 || 27 515-0 || 28 626-9 50 21-91 || 52 532-9 || 53 717-5 30 13-10 || 32 512-3 33 629-7 | Mar. 6 21 0 22-00 2 531-8 3 718-8 35 13-79 || 37 513-7 38 630-1 20 22-08 || 22 527-6 || 23 721-1 40 14-01 || 42 515-8 | 43 631-4 25 21-79 || 27 528-8 28 722.0 45 13-15 || 47 515-8 | 48 632-1 39 23-14] 32 528-9 33 724-0 50 13-24 50 23-93 || 52 528-6 || 53 721-3 Mar. 6 16 0 14-45 2) 514-5 3 634-5 | Mar. 6 22 0 24.22 2 527-7 3 721-1 5 15-76|| 7 511-6 8 632-8 | Mar. 6 23 5 28-59 || 7 514-3 8 737-5 10 16-53 || 12 509-2 13 627-4 | 10 28-72) 12 513-4 13 737-8 15 18-52 | 17 508-5 18 622-3 20 29-31 || 22 518-2 || 23 737-8 20 20-16 || 22 504-2 || 23 619-3 30 30-40 | 32 514-8 || 33 737-8 25 22-38 || 27 503-0 28 614-4 40 29-78 || 42 517-8 || 43 737-8 30 23-39 | 32 501-9 || 33 604-8 35 24-29 | 37 494.5 38 605-7 | Mar. 7 0 0 | 25 30-05 2 521-5 3 739-7 40 27-90 | 42 | 495-0 | 43 | 607-2 | Mar. 7 1 | 20 35-35 45 31-14 | 47 902-6 | 48 597-6 | Mar. 7 2 0 31-33 2 536-4 3 759-5 50 30-32 | 52 503-8 53 584-1 | 35 33-92 || 37 530-6 38 765-9 59d 27-94 | 57 507-6 | 58 583-0 | Mar. 7 3 || 40 36-70 | 42 538-4 || 43 791-2 ‘Mar. 6 17 0 25-56 || 2 o11-5 3 579-2 ‘|| 45 35-53 || 47 539-5 || 48 792-2 Birinar. k=0:0001248. BALANCE. k=0-:000015 approximately. BIFILAR THERMOMETER. 56°°0 55°°5 55°1 55°-1 55°°2 55°°6 BaLaANce teeta even \ PUNE ED { Be One { 677-5) © 10"; { Bye pou sae { Bae nae { 58°03 es ee { 58°07 56°-0 64 20h, { 58o5. March 6¢ 144, Auroral light seen through the clouds to NNW. po gree : MAG. AND MET. obs. 18438. oy Extra OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 7—12. 1843. DECLINATION. BIFILaR. BALANCE. | DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. | BALANCE Gottingen : : : a : Gottingen |... | ; | Meanwlimer Min Reading Min.| Reading || Min Reading Mean Time. | Min. Readieal| Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading Of eaveent of Cor- of Cor- | of Redon i of Cor- | of Cor- | Obs. | Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. | . | Obs. +} rected. | Obs. |} rected. a. oh m. Cone [Pata il sey ee NUN Mies i. qd. she ematliagenn 4 | m. Se. Div. | . | Mie, Div. Mar. 7 0 | 25 39-46] 2 547-4 || 3 303-5 | Mar. 7 8 || 40 | 25 24-13) 42 | 527-8 || 43 895-2 10 38-18 12 | 549-6 | 13 |. 813-6 45 25-14| 47 | 528-0 | 48} 883-9 15 36-65| 17 | 548-6 | 18 | 820-5 50 25-09 || 52 | 528-5 | 53 | 875-8 20 36-70 | 292 548-4 || 23 830-2 590 25-27 57 | 529-1 | 58 869-2 25 34.65 97 | 543-9 | 98 | 834-3 Mar. 7 9 0 26-03 || 2]| 526-8 | 3| 864-7 30 31-09] 32 | 551-0 | 33 | 830-6 5 26-13 7 | 524-7 || 8 | 858-0 35 31-73 | 37 | 560-7 || 38 | 831-0 10 25-05) 12 | 528-0 | 13 | 851-8 40 32-75 | 42 | 551-2 || 43 | 830-5 15 25-31 17 | 529-3 | 18 | 848-6 45 32-:17| 47 | 543-9 | 48 | 832-9 20 26-52 || 22 | 523-5 || 23 | 844-1 50 33-67 | 52 547-2 || 53 838-8 25 26-19) 27 | 522-3 || 28 842-2 55 35-32| 57 | 555-9_|| 58 | 846-5 30 25-52 82 | 527-7 || 33 | 834-8 Mar..7- 75 |) 0 36.131 9 | 546-7 | 3 |. 875-3 37 | 531-2 || 38 | 826-0 5 32.38] 7 | 545-2 g | 3883.6 | Mar. 7 10] 0 25-83, 2 528-6-\| 3 | Sia=a 10 29.24] 12 | 543-7 || 13 | 901-8 | | 15 24.40 17| 536-2 | 18 | 908-4 | Mar. 9 6] 0| 25 25-73] 2| 5405 | 3] 7503 20 18-72 || 22 540-4 23 897-3 15 25-76 || 17 542-7 || 18 | 761-7 25 16-15 | 27 549-4 283 885-3 25 24.20 | ih 526-8 || 281 770-9 30 20-16 | 32 548-8 33 880-2 30 22-89 || 32 524-0 | 33 | 775-4 35 24.03|| 37 | 548-0 | 38 | 881-9 40 92.69] 42 | 529-2 | 43) 779.8 40 30-03 || 42 | 527-5 | 43 | 905-3 | Mar. 9 7] 0 21-91] 2] 523-1 || 3 | 7838 45 17-18] 47 | 547-6 || 48 | 895-6 15 29-11] 17 | 5348 | 18 | 7752 50 20-40] 52 | 551-1 | 53 | 8849 | Mar. 9 8] O 95-92] 2]: 533-9 || 3| 760-5 55 27.06 57 | 550-9 | 58 | 884-7 | Mar. 7 6| 0 29.80] 2| 546-8 3 | 887-8 | Mar. 10 8] 0 | 25 24.74] 2| 538-9 | 9| 7333 5 31.59 7 540-9 8 891-9 25 21-10 || 27 561-8 || 28 | 725-1° 10 26.46 || 12 553-8 13 888-2 30 24-42 || 32 | 552-5 || 33 728-0 15 31-64] 17 | 549-7 || 18 | 894-1 35 24.96| 37| 541-4 || 38| 729-6 20 29.95 || 92 551-9 23 883-7 | Mar. 10 9 0 21-61 2\ 539-9 | 3 | 728-7 25 35.27| 97 | 545-5 || 28 | 896-6 | Mar. 10 10] 0 23-07| 2| 537-0 | 3] 736-6 30 32.38 || 32 539-5 33 902-0 [ie | 35 30.07|| 37 | 550-3 | 38 | 900-0 | Mar. 11 8] o | 25 21-81] 2] 5463 | 3| 725-4 40 31.38 || 42 541-2 43 909-5 a | 9¢ = | a9 | w ; | 30 17-94 | 32 553-9 33 716-2 45 28.01 | 47 548-5 48 908-3 ~ or | Qa | = = 35 17-85 || 37 550-9 || 38 714-7 50 29.75 || 52 550-4 53 914-0 ~ 74. ~ An | | 4s 45 17-14] 47 | 545-1 | 48 | 715-4 55 30.20] 57 | 553-7 | 58 | 914-6 Ris 16-75 || 57 | 542-0 || 58) 712-3 Mars 700) 0 31.59], 2| 548-3 | 3 | 923-5 | Mar. 11 9 || 10 17.22|| 12 | 527-0 | 13 719-7 5 29-661) 7) 64290) 8.) 92d4 20 18.05 | 22| 520.7 | 93 | 7282 10 26.55| 12 | 551-4 | 13 | 921-0 25 7.381271 517.9 | ae As 25 17-38 || 27 317-9 28 730-8 5 28.64 || 17 545-7 18 921-5 ~ lac = ~ 3 30 15:90 || 32 | 518-5 33 | 728-9 0 27.93 92 | 548-2 | 23 | 917-6 Alesana se 35 14:48 | 37 521-1 38 731-0 25 29.65 || 27 5553 28 922-6 49 | BOS ms 3 % 40 13-81 | 42 523-3 43 731-2 0 33.31] 32 551-7 33 935-9 x D Il ee 596.7 = =O- : 2 50 14:98 | 52 526-7 53 733°6 35 32-05 || 37 550-7 38 953-1 Mar. 11 10 0 17-65 mc mor = : ar. 7:69 2 529-8 3 733:3 45 34.28] 47 | 548-6 | 48 | 995-1 : “iti, ae ; 50 Salas 59M) 538-95 oul a CO4s ) 1m en leneaellh aie 55 38.82 || 57 | 520-6 | 58 | 1016-8 | Mar. 12 5 | 30 | 25 26-00) 30} 560-0 | 30 | 794-0 Mar? 7.48 0 32.40] 2 513-5 3 | 1028-2 | Mar. 12 7 || 3 | 25 25-00 5 24.24|| 71! 510-7 g | 1012-1 | 16 | 24 45-00) 15 | 555-0 | 1070-0 10 18.08] 12 | 512-6 | 13 | 1976-7 | Mar. 12 9 | 25 | 25 18-00) 27 | 518-0: | 28 | 778-0 15 15-56 17 | 523-3 | 18 |. 951-2 ! 20 18-66 92 | 526-4 | 23 |. 934.1 | Mar. 12 12 | 53 | 541-9 95 22.00 | 27 524.4 || 28 925-7 | 55 | 25 20-13 |) 57 544-3 58 | 546-3 30 23.37| 32 | 522-8 | 33 | 917-6 | Mar. 12 13 0 23:50, 2) 550-7 3 | 9553-5 35 23.23 || 37 | 526-5 || 38 | 902-0 5 25-61) 7 | 540-9 | S| 5548 = { S - Birinar, k=0-0001248. BALANCE. k=0-000015 approximately. BIFILAR THERMOMETER. | March 124 13% ( 51°:3 BALANCE THERMOMETER. | ~ Se ae | 52°°7 March 74 8h, Auroral arch spanning 90° of horizon ; altitude of apex in the magnetic meridian 10°: breadth of the belt 8°; no pencils visible. March 12¢ 13%, the disturbance had increased very much at 7"; Maint auroral light; stronger four hours ago. March 12¢ 5% 30™, (Sunday.) A slight disturbance was observed, and a few observations, given above, were made ; continuous observations were commenced on Monday morning. it was noted that EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 12—21. 1843. 55 DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. ) eal Min.| Reading |Min.| Reading | Min.) Reading pene. Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading i of Reduseds of Cor- | of Cor- of Rednced of Cor- || of Cor- c Obs. | Obs.| rected. | Obs.| rected. Obs. * ||Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. d. h. | m. ° , m. Se. Div. | m. Mic. Div. ‘ds h m. ° ¢ m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div. ) ) Mar. 12 13 | 10 | 25 29-68] 12 | 524-6 || 13] 544-3 | Mar. 18 3 || 45 | 25 36.27|| 47| 542.2 | 48 | 797-4 | 15 29:21] 17 | 512-9 | 18 | 533-0 50 36-09 52 | 534-3 | 53 | 732-3 | . | 20 29-14 || 22 | 503-8 | 23 | 510-3 55 35-56 || 57 | 533-4 | 58 | 733-4 | 25 30-02 || 27 | 489-6 | 28 | 495-5 | Mar. 18 4] 0 35:47|| 2] 535-8 3| 733-2 30 27-67 || 32 | 488-4 | 33 | 493-9 10 35-74 12 | 541-8 | 13 | 733-6 35 24-77|| 37 | 499-7 | 38 | 493-3 | Mar. 18 5 | 53 26-60 || 57 | 541-0 | 58] 781-0 40 24-71 || 42 | 497-7 | 43 | 501-3 | Mar. 18 6] 0 13-91] 2] 559-9 || 31] 780-0 ' 45 21-58] 47 | 508-7 || 48 | 520.7 5 15-25] 7 | 572-6 8.1 772-0 50 19-36] 52 | 519-1 | 53 | 535-3 10 22-11] 12 | 564-8 | 13 | 769-3 55 19-49] 57 | 528-1 || 58 | 547-4 15 25-96 || 17 | 553-0 | 18 | 769-3 j) Mar. 12 14] 0 21-91] 2] 523-8 3| 557-5 20 26-06 || 22 | 544.2 || 293 | 768-3 5 23-09|| 7] 526-9 || 8| 571-3 | 25 26:46 || 27 | 547-3 || 28 | 766.3 ) 10 23-12] 12 | 534-1 || 13 | 580-6 30 28:05 || 32 | 537-7 | 33 | 768-8 15 22-89|| 17 | 523-0 | 18 | 592-9 35 25-72|| 37 | 531-1 || 38 | 768-8 ) 20 22-18 || 22 | 524-4 | 23 | 603-4 40 22.97] 42 | 537.3 | 27 | 519-9 | 28] 613-0 45 24.24) 47 | 535-2 | | 32 | 5145 || 33] 619-6 50 24-53|| 52 | 530-4 | 53 | 771-2 : 35 22.42| 37 | 516-4 || 38 | 629-3 55 23-06|| 57.| 531-2 || 58 | 768-7 40 22-02 || 42 | 515-0 || 43 634-2 | Mar. 18 7] 0 22.67|| 2| 535-8 3| 766-7 45 21-37] 47 | 517-5 || 48 | 636-6 5 24.97 7 | 535.9 8 | 766-7 7] | 50 20-87 || 52 | 520-1 || 53 | 636-7 10 26-25| 12 | 534.3 i 55 20-13] 57 | 525-5 || 58] 635-6 15 26-96 17 | 531-0 | 18 | 761-1 j |) Mar. 12 15 o 20:94 2] 526-2 | 31 631-6 20 26:55 || 22 | 530-9 ; 5 21-78] 7 | 526-7 8 | 630-6 | Mar. 18 8] 0 24.82|| 2] 535-5 3 | 748-3 4 10 22-05 || 12 | 526-7 || 13 | 626-2 |- - | 4 15 22-65] 17>] 527-6 || 18 | 623-1 | Mar. 20 10 || 0 | 25 19-15|| 2] 531-9 3 | 712-6 | 20 22-99 | 27 | 531-0 || 28 | 618-9 5 17-61 | 7 | 533-5 S| 712-3 q' 30 22.99 | 15 16:58 17 | 533-2 | 18 | 713-8 | | Mar. 12 16 12 | 520-2 || 13 | ~ 658-3 20 16-08 15 21:07|| 17 | 520-2 || 18| 657-5 | Mar. 20 11 | 5 21-71|| 7 | 526.2 8 | 701-8 20 20-84 || 22 | 522-1 || 23 | 660-5 10 QU37 12") 527-4) | 13-|) “702-1 5 30 20-37] 32 | 525-7 || 33 |. 668-8 | - 35 20-34] 37 | 525-6 | 38 | 673-2 | Mar. 21 8 || 0| 25 24-58] 2] 545-6 Seley lea | Mar. 12 18 | 0 22.25) 2| 527-7 || 3| 699.5 18 | 557-7 4 | | | 20 26-01] 22 | 560-9 | 23 | 699-3 Sy Mar. 14 4] 0 | 25 26-73] 2| 534-6 3| 724.4 25 25-76] 27 | 556-9 || 28] 696-0 | Mar. 14 5 17 | 524-4 | 18 | 752-5 30 24-96 || 32 | 547-7 | 33 | 696-6 | 20 17-71 35 21-98] 37 | 540-4 || 38) 695-5 S| 30 20-60] 32 | 529-3 || 33] 755-7 40 20-541 42 | 536-6 || 43 | 700-0 | 35 21-17 37 | 529-8 | 38] 7546 45 18-06 || 47 | 535-4 || 48 | 702-5 >) }Mar. 14 6] 0o 23-861 2| 5349 | 3| 745.3 50 16-08 | 52 | 538-1 | 53 | 706-0 | | | 55 15-16 || 57 | 539-1 | 58 | 706-9 | Mar 1S 0 || O| 25 31-14] 2) 527-1 3] 701-9 | Mar. 21 9] 0 14-92|| 2] 541.2 3 | 706-8 Mar. 18 1 | 35 34.36 || 37 | 539-5 | 38 | 700-6 5 15-83 7 | 542-0 40 34-85] 42 |- 536-9 || 43 | 702.9 20 20-63 | 50 34:48 || 52 | 535-2 || 53 | 704-2 | Mar. 21 10 | 0O 24.22] 2| 536-2 3) 707-3 i WMar. 18 2 0 34-26|| 2 | 539-3 3 | 701-2 | Mar. 21 13 || 0 23-79|| 2] 536-3 3| 698-6 ‘| 33 | 559-0 Mar. 21 14 || 0 23-84| 2] 540-9 3 | 691-6 35 25-59] 37 | 549-4 || 38 | 703-6 | Mar. 21 15 || 0 22.35|| 2| 535-7 3 | 693-8 50 36-21 || 52 | 552-3 || 53 | 707-4 | Mar. 21 16 | 0 91-95|| 2 | 538-8 3| 693-7 ‘| 55 35:59 57 | 547-7 || 58 | 708-4 | Mar. 21 17 | 0 21-64|| 2] 538-0 3 | 691-0 Siar. 18 3] oO 35:20] 2] 549.6 3 | 711-4 | Mar. 21 18] 0 23-32|| 2) 542.4 3 | 690-2 Ly 20 36-63 | 22 | 553-0 || 23 | 717-4 | Mar. 21 19 || 0 24-60] 2| 537-9 3 | 690-7 30 37-28 || 32 | 552-2 | 33 | 720-0 | Mar. 21 20] 0 29.721 21 536-7 3| 694.7 40 36:97|| 42 | 544-3 || 43 | 724.7 | Mar. 21 22] 0 22.23|| 2 | 532-5 3 | 694-0 BiFILAR. k=0:0001248. BaLANcE. k=0:000015 approximately. 3: _ i % BIFILAR THERMOMETER. ‘ 514 DU Arian MO OLianinontond LoL od ioute ne Room Omeoman cra (fOOrO): { BALANCE Tee enees| erate 550) uo eo Nee ee oan 50°62 Ao 2 505 Lo) Ae 59% 3) Sho 98 5O%5 5 5 48°-8 48°°6 | ABS OM UN (pASe Olu nul (CATT a Mala ll i(iAy od . 21¢ 13h, es: 214 14h, ee 5 214 155, ee 214 16%; | 48°43 PCE YAS 48°-0? PAKS KS 472-9" March 214 13517. Hourly observations made during the Meteorological Term. Gottingen Mean 'Time. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. Reading Reduced. | Mar. 22 1 Miari8227 22 1 Mars :22%3 | Mar. 22 4 m. 0 25 25-95 | 25 30-43 28-97 29-31 29-80 30-18 || 34-09 35:08 35-67 34-48 36-51 36-95 35-15 34°85 Reading Cor- rected. Se. Div. 028-4 527-0 520-5 027-5 536-5 536-9 544-9 545-6 548-3 544-6 558-0 554-0 544-9 540-9 535-4 530-9 525-9 522-6 526-0 538-6 538-5 542-9 | Mar. 29 6 | Mar. 29 7 | Mar. 29 8 | Mar. 29 9 BIFILAR THERMOMETER, BALANCE THERMOMETER. March 29¢ and April 54, April 54 5", The readings of the Bitilar from 5) 5™ till 45™ were estimated, as the seale, though in view, was of the telescope; at 174” the scale was completely out of the field, and the reading given is a rough approximation. The half minutes in the times of observations before 6% 5™ are due to clock error. Birinar. k=0: 544-4 551-0 555:5 501-4 544-2 545-0 540-9 543-6 543-6 537-4 538-4 522.3 518-1 532-9 537-2 535-9 534:9 536:8 538-1 529-0 531-6 534-1 31-4 533-9 037°3 537°3 530-9 527-0 529-2 522:8 522-4 Gottingen Mean Time. ad. oh. Mar. 29 9 | Mar. 29 10 | Mar. 29 11 Mar. 29 \| DECLINATION. | } BIFILAR. | Min.| Reading i of Cor- | Obs rected. m. Se. Div. 57 524.3 lier? 550-5 | 7 547-7 12 547-3 17 559-3 | 22 554-6 27 540-1 | 32 526-1 |42 | 505-9 | 47 507-9 52 517-2 57 524-0 | 2 532-0 | 12 | 529-8 | 17 524-7 | 22 528-2 | 27 532-4 15-99 22 533°3 532-7 533-7 533-9 536-8 537-1 538-2 Apr. 5 Apr. 5 Apr. 5 Apr. 5 or Or BB WW BO W dO (Se) bo bo bo oem w bd w uo ow 1 we ao wo wn aD >) oo. BO Oo I DO Re DW ATWO NTO NT ND ST WD NT DO NT WS ST OD ST WO NT WO NT 9 Oop P WWW ee MOWONOAMWSAMDAMOWSWOWNSD OWS Let LT Sf ta Ns tot RO bat Role RJ tole Role ROM Roles ROME Role RO)=r Role! Role! OJ bojet tO] | | Jt RO Rome RSE ROY RDF RO ROY ROA ROY LOE ND bot bolt bot bolle — worst 20-23 173 Lot Nt Rat Nt LS At lime Ble LS 049-5 524-0 526-2 550-8 550-1 542-8 on “TI Or or 6c Or Or OF Gr Or Cr Or On CWwWWwWW sd Be or or or EN PSD LS OMAre woonoupe © We or THDMDDOADAINDWMDUn fp } March 214 23, 0001248. See notes on Aurora, p. 61. es 480 ; 294 7 15m, { ae ss beyond the vertical wire D v9 2 a Jpnt L5|hmt 15} Sl te o) 02D oe D Hm OF EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 5. 1843. 57 DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE, DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE, pence Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading || Min.) Reading wo, Min.|} Reading || Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading of Reaaeed: of Cor- of Cor- of Reanoenk: of Cor- of Cor- | Obs. Obs rected. Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs. | rected. Obs rected, Gh BH, aan S 4 | m. Se. Diy. m: Mie. Diy. Goeah. m. 2 a m. Se. Diy. mm. Mie. Div. Apr. 5 5 | 203} 25 26-82] 212] 676. Apter a +4 31 457-9 | 31 987-0 223| 673- 232) 1161-9 322] 452-0 || 322] 1001-0 242] 1185-3 34 | 25 32-20 || 34 447-2 253 57:07 | 262) 665. 35 28°57 || 35 447-7 |272| 661. 283} 1162-9 374| 456-1 ||}373] 981-6 293 42-25 | 292| 1101-6 40 25-54 || 40 459-4 || 41 950-5 303 43-36 |303| 648- 314) 1103-3 421) 471-8 ||422) 947.2 333 31-86 | 323] 644. 334 1177-2 45 18-65 | 45 475-9 || 46 930-7 343) 645: 474| 488-1 | 473] 9292.9 354 24-20 354| 1147-4 50 15:39 || 50 498-2 | 38 646- 38 | 1102-2 523| 503-7 ||522| 904-2 4034 44:23 |/403| 635-2 59 16-01 | 55 513-5 | 43 632-0 ||43 | 1158-3 | 572] 610-6 | 573] 901-8 452 39-99} 453| 631-5 Apr) 5eS! | 0 16-57] 2 | 509-4 | 3 | 897-1 48 624-0 |}48 | 1239.4 5 17-88 | 7 493-6 8 886-7 503 25-75 || 502) 606-2 | 10 20-52 || 12 495-1 | 13 881-7 53 606-0 | 53 | 1188-5 15 20-77 || 17 490-1 | 18 860-7 553 22-72 | 572 605-0 | 583} 1148-7 20 18-95 || 22 490-5 | 23 851-3 593] 1125-6 25 19-17 || 27 474-9 || 28 840-4. Apr. 5 6] OF 23-56 || 32) 592-1 43| 1065-6 30 19-61 || 32 441-0 || 33 808-4 54 30:99) 72) 594-6 83} 1058-0 35 19-46 | 37 463-6 | 38 803-5 10 43-68 | 12 572-4 13 | 1111-8 40 17-11 || 42 510-5 | 43 801-6 15 33-57 || 15 553-5 45 14-82 | 47 494-4 || 48 826-7 174; 559-5 || 172| 1067-4 50 15-02 || 52 466-7 || 53 802-1 20 32-80 || 20 563-3 || 19 | 1055-7 55 12-04 || 57 483-4 || 58 806-1 22 35-15 | 222] 559-0 || 222| 1032-5 | Apr. 5 9 0 10-82) 2 460-3 3 771-4 24 | 1029-4 5 14-93 || 7 476-0 8 764-0 25 35-02 || 25 551-3 10 15-22 || 12 502-7 | 13 768-6 274| 545-9 || 272]. 1023-9 15 18-50 | 17 495-5 | 18 772-2 30 30-85 || 30 547-7 20 18-33 || 22 485-4 || 23 756-6 323} 557-4 | 322) 1023-8 25 18-10 || 27 478-6 || 28 739-0 35 29-65 || 35 571-0 | 36 | 1043-3 30 15-83 || 32 465-8 || 33 708-7 374| 558-0 || 373] 1040-0 35 15-19 || 37 445-3 || 38 672-9 40 32-69 | 40 550-6 40 14-76 || 42 459-6 || 43 660-5 421) §53-1 | 422] 1037-5 45 14-01 || 47 465-9 || 48 671-8 45 31-01 | 45 570-2 || 46 | 1057-2 50 19.24 || 52 472.2 || 53 683-7 474| 577-5 | 473) 1061-6 55 20-99 | 57 467-3 || 58 679-2 50 32-17 || 50 572-0 Apr. 5/10 0 20-47 | 2 468-1 3 679-5 522} 575-3 | 522) 1073-0 5 16-23 | 7 461-8 8 692-3 55 33°27 || 55 594-7 56 | 1095-1 10 16-20 || 12 482-5 || 13 700-1 574| 618-8 ||573] 1104-0 15 15-79 |) 17 518-4 | 18 697-2 mre 5 7 | 0 37-88 || 0 627-2 1 | 1124-0 20 18-65 || 22 496-8 | 23 673-7 4| 612-7 23} 1124-9 25 19-17 || 27 473-4 || 28 628-0 5 39-97 || 5 610-4 30 23-90 || 32 472.9 || 33 625.0 4) 607-0 74\ 1113-3 35 25-52 | 37 451-0 || 38 618-8 10 51-94], 114] 558-5 || 11 | 1052-0 39 491-5 123| 547-6 || 123] 1029-6 40 19-89 || 41 485-0 14 58-62 42 477-8 |43 660-7 15 598-12 15 568-0 | 16 | 1014-9 45 12-00 || 47 479-2 ||48 667-7 174] 602-8 || 174] 1028-4 49 468-1 20 52-82 | 20 608-2 ||}21 | 1068-3 50 7:73 || 52 481-2 | 53 638.4 223| 584-2 || 222] 1074.3 54 485-4 25 58-25 || 25 553-0 | 26 | 1027-9 55 2-15 || 57 486-5 | 58 619-8 274| 505-1 || 272] 1008-5 59 491-3 30 50-15 | 30 467:3 Apri i 5) Ti 0 4-75 || 1 500-6 BIFILAR. k=0:0001248. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately. BIFILAR THERMOMETER, Z 50°-0 50°2 BALANCE THERMOMETER, } AO eee ee { 50°-0° April 54, See notes on the Aurora, p. 61. ' MAG. AND MET. oss. 1848. P 58 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 6. 1843. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. Aen tin: Reading | Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading peringen Min. Reading || Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading of | Reduced. of Cor- of Cor- OfnlReduiced: of Cor- of Cor- Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. | Obs. , |Obs.| rected. |) Obs.| rected. d.. d. m. 2. “ m Se. Diy. m. Mic. Diy. | d. h.. m. Xd m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Diy. Apr. 5 11 2 500-4 3 634-6 | Apr. 5 13 34 460-6 5 | 25 5-80] 6 534-0 35 | 25 38-51] 35 455-5 7 544-5 36 452-7 8 546-1 8 688-1 37 | 466-2 || 37 502-4 10 | 25 6-54] 11 340-4 38 473-8 | 38 521-3 12 633:3 13 718-0 39 491-3 15 | 25 4-55] 16 513-7 40 6-41 || 40 501-9 17 516-1 18 711-4 | 41 517-9 19 520-7 | 42 526-9 || 42 507-3 20 | 24 55°61 || 22 530-0 || 23 690-6 43 530-8 || 43 482-0 24 536-4 44 531-9 25 | 24 56-21] 27 534-4 || 28 656-7 45 12:90 | 45 528-0 30 | 25 2-03 || 32 626-1 || 33 624-5 | 46 516-0 35 5-31 || 37 522-1 || 38 620-5 47 507-1 || 47 388-9 40 4:69 || 42 513-5 || 43 616-3 48 | 498-6 || 48 391-2 45 4-39 || 47 510-6 || 48 619-0 49 488-4 50 5-94]| 52 507-6 || 53 626-1 | 50 20-16 || 50 484-1 a By) 6-54|| 57 504-2 || 58 627-1 | 51 484-3 Apr. 5) 12 0 8-65|| 2 501-9 3 623-5 52 484.5 | 52 417-2 5) 11-24] 7 497-3 8 627-1 53 487-6 || 53 421-1 10 10-85 || 12 498-3 13 634.4 54 490-7 15 9-76] 17 | 498-2 18 624.4 55 18-18) 55 489-1 20 11-13] 22 498-0 || 23 616-4 06 487-5 25 12.87 | 27 496-1 || 28 610-8 57 | 485-4 | 57 | 413-9 30 15-02 || 32 489-1 || 33 597-7 08 483-2 || 58 411-7 35 15-32 || 37 481-2 | 38 572-7 59 | 479-0 40 14-60 || 42 471-8 || 43 551-21 Apr io yl 0 22.15|| O 476-4 45 11-69 || 47 474-2 || 48 543-1 2 467-9 3 421-0 50 10-55 || 52 485-0 || 53 562-1 4 | 468-5 Fens 05 11-26 || 57 482-3 || 58 583-0 5 20-68 || 5 468-0 | Apr. 5 13 0 14:55 || 2 458-9 3 579-8 6 467-7 | 5) 15:32 || 7 435-9 8 541-1 7 469-4 7 442-0 10 20-20 | ‘11 410-3 10 16-10 || 10 472-7 8 450-2 12 413-5 12 504-0 1l 474:3 13 422.2 13 486-9 12 475-8 || 13 462-1 14 461-0 14 | 486-5 15 23-43 || 15 461-4 15 14-67 | 16 492-6 16 453-2 17 | 495-4 17 430-9 il7/ 418-5 | 18 | 499-418 452-0 18 428-0 | 18 400-9 19 499-6 19 448-2 20 20-58 || 21 493-3 20 31-38 |] 20 478-3 22 489-0 | 22 | 427-3 21 516-1 24 487-1 || 23 | 429-8 22 539-7 || 22 | 480-5 25 23-91] 26 | 479-7 | 23 559-0 | 23 487-2 27 477-5 | 27 | 440-5 24 547-5 28 475-6 | 28 | 443-5 25 30-85 |) 25 537-8 30 23-48 || 30 475-5 | 26 | 520-6 | 32 | 477-5 | 32| 471-4 27 | 500-2 | 97| 477-0 133] 479-8 |33| 475-9 28 487-3 || 28 473-5 35 18:05 || 35 483-9 | 29 | 469-6 || 37 487-8 | 37 | 491-2 30 46:35 | 30 | 450.9 | | 38 | 494-1 31 448.7 40 15-76 || 42 488-9 | 43 | 496-2 32 461-2 || 32 409-0 45 14-76 || 47 | 493-4 | 48 489-7 33 465-3 || 33 419-2 50 16-50 | 52 484-0 | 53 | 485-2 Bremar, k=0:0001248, BaLance. k=0:000015 approximately. BIPILAR THERMOMETER, oes tate ASH Tue a istone fone ae 47°3 BALANCE THERMOMETER, \ ANDES 1 45763 SES ages DOH {39-0 April 54, See notes on the Aurora, p. 61. EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 5—6. 1843. 59 BIFILAR THERMOMETER, : 46°76. 46-0, 45°°7 | _ 4827. 49°°8 | _ {4922 BALANCE THERMOMETER, } Por sa a { 4g°-43 5° 16h, { Tis ee { Ap5n( 6 Le { 479.93 8° 5 { agg) 6% 128, { 49°:6 DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. | _ le aa Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading | Foie al Min! Reading ||Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading | | Of | Reduced. of Cor- || of Cor- Ot Reduced ell oo Cor- of Cor- } Obs. | Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. d. bh || m. ° 0 | m. Se. Div. m. draeh. m. > m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. baeapr. 5 14 | 54 | 494.2 Apr. 6 10 | 25 39-72] 12 | 541-0 | 13 | 755-3 | 55 |.25°15-36] 55 | 500-5 15 40:03] 17 | 539-6 || 18 | 772-1 | 56 | 501-5 20 38-35 || 22 | 539-1 || 23 | 778-0 | 30 39-29] 32 | 543-5 | 33 | 793-4 | 85 40-70 || 37 | 551-7 || 388] 804-9 Apr. 5 15 || 0 20-43] 0 | 499-4 40 41-14) 42 | 549-5 | 43] 823-5 ) 45 38-53 || 47 | 556-9 || 48 | 825-9 | 3 50 39-90] 52 | 556-5 | 53 | 825-1 5 18-48|| 71 497.6 8 55 42-19) 57 | 553-0 || 58 | 825.4 10 16-97 || 12 | 506-3 || 13 | Apr. 6 3] O 43-10|/ 2] 545.7 3 | 827-4 | 5 41-24|| 7] 545.4 8 | 836-7 15 16-5717 | 509-2 || 18 10 39-96 || 12 | 549-6 || 13 | 835-9 20 17-34 | 22 511-0 || 23 15 37-89 || 17 555-6 || 18 834-3 h 25 17-41 | 27 514-2 28 20 38-95 || 22 554:3 23 829-7 30 16-73 || 32 | 518-2 || 33 25 40-17] 27 | 553-5 | 28 | $24.7 35 16-97 || 37 | 520-7 || 38 30 41-24) 32 | 551-1 | 33 | 820.2 E 40 17-25 | 42 521-0 43 35 39-83 || 37 548-1 38 821-1 ; 45 17-61 || 47 516-8 48 40 40-03 || 42 545-7 43 §20:3 50 16-24] 52 516-8 53 45 40-20 || 47 543-0 48 819-9 55 15-19 || 57 517-0 58 50 40-48 || 52 538-0 53 817-5 | Apr. 5 16 6) 16:03 || 2 513-8 3 55 39-84 || 57 546-5 || 58 810-4 i 5 14:92] 7] 514-0 8 [Aspe (6! 410 40-91]/ 2| 555-1 3 | 804-9 H 10 14-48] 12 | 515-3 | 13 5 41-47] 7 | 562-0 8 | 802-0 | 15 15-39 | 17 514-4 18 10 41-69 || 12 554:8 13 807-2 20 14:97 || 22 | 509-9 || 23 15 40-24|| 17 |} 548-0 | 18] 808-5 25 14-85 || 27 508-4 28 20 39-43 || 22 558-4 23 806-7 30 14-08 | 32 | 510-8 || 33 35 13-91 | 37 511-5 38 | Apr. 6 -5 0 39-39 2 543°8 3 804-8 40 14-18 || 42 510-0 43 Apr. 6 6 0 32-69 2 543-4 3 803-3 45 14-51 | 47 510-3 48 10 31-38 || 12 538:6 13 802-7 | 50 14-82 || 52 509-4 53 | Apr. 6 8 0 26:35 2 540-3 3 726-9 | 55 14-89] 57 | 508-2 || 58 Apr. 610] 5 8-60|| 7 | 521-8 8 | 735-4 Apr. ES lr/ 0 15-09 2 505-0 3 10 6-05 || 12 522-1 13 740-3 | 5 14.92 7 504-3 8 15 8-21] 17 507-3 18 753-1 10 14-11] 12 | 506-9 || 13 20 452/22 | 517-0 || 23 | 748-1 15 14-20 | 17 508-9 18 25 6-42 || 27 521-9 28 746-9 20 14-06 | 22 510-7 23 30 6-05 || 32 528-3 33 744-4 40 13-95 || 42 | 513-8 || 43 35 8-41] 37 | 530-6 | 38] 741-1 | Apr. 5 18 0 14.23 2 515-4 3 40 12-33 || 42 531-0 | 43 744-9 | Apr. 5 19 || 55 24-00 || 57 517-9 58 45 14-92 || 47 531-1 48 741-3 | Apr. 5 20 0 23-63 2 519-2 3 50 14-62 || 52 536-5 53 724-9 | Apr. 5 21 || 50 30-25 || 52 505-0 53 55 15-32 ||. 57 515-0 58 706-5 | by) 29-14 || 57 503-7 58 | Apr. 6 11 0 15-09 2 540-7 3 699-3 Apr. 5 22 0 28-64 2 504-6 3 3) 16:43 7 534-5 8 690-7 10 16-94) 12 534-9 13 671-6 10 29-71] 12 | 508-6 || 13 15 17-62|| 17 | 534-3 || 18] 673-6 i 15 31-09 20 18-66 || 22 531-2 23 666-0 30 35-06 | 32 505-5 33 25 18-84 || 27 528-7 28 655-9 wpa o) 23 | 5 36-88 || 7 | 517-9 8 30 18-43 || 32 | 525-9 | 33 | 648.4 | ; 35 17-05 || 37 523-6 38 641-9 Apr. 6 0 0 | 25 34-82 2, 521-1 3 40 15-90 || 42 520-2 43 635-8 Apr. 6 1 0 39-44 2 532-8 3 45 15-02 || 47 518-7 58 626-9 | 30 38-87 || 32 529-7 33 : 50 14-36 || 52 517-0 53 615-4 | Apr. 6 2 0 41-98 2 533-5 3 746-1 55 14-11 | 57 508-7 58 606-3 | | 5 38:96 7 536-2 8 754-4 | Apr. 6 12 0 14-28 2 504-5 3 607-0 | | BIFILAR. k=0:0001248. BALANCE, k=0:000015 approximately. | j iy April 54. See notes on the Aurora, p. 61. 60 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 6—11. 1843. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. see e Sita Reading | Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading Ae eee, Min: Reading || Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading of Redineae of Cor- of Cor- of Reduced: of Cor- of Cor- Obs. Obs rected. Obs rected. Obs. Obs. | rected. Obs rected. de oh. m. S u m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div. dhs m. ° i m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div. Apr. 6 12 5. | 2513-55 ih 503-5 8 610-6 | Apr. 6 16 37 493-2 38 549-0 10 12-63 || 12 504-4 13 616-8 40 | 25 27-16) 42 499-4 43 551-9 15 11-12] (17 513-3 18 629-8 45 28-54 | 47 504-4 || 48 552-6 20 10-48 || 22 521-5 3 636-8 52 509-9 || 53 549-4 25 11-15 || 27 527-4 28 640-5 55 28-00 || 57 515-6 58 547-1 30 11-89) 32 529-5 33 638-4 | Apr. 6 17 0 27-43 2 519-9 3 547-0 SD 12-07 || 37 531-4 38 635°3 5 26:79 7 521-1 8 549-6 40 12-16 || 42 529-1 43 633-2 25 22-62 || 27 529-5 28 563-8 45 12-50 || 47 523-5 48 633-0 30 23-70 || 32 524-5 33 572-7 50 13-10] 52 §23-2 53 631-4 45 21-58 | 47 527-1 || 48 592-2 55 13-61 || 57 521-0 58 629-1 55 21-86 || 57 527-0 || 58 602-9 Apr: 6 13 0 14-51 2 518-5 3 627-8 | Apr. 6 18 0 21-68 2 527-6 3 607-8 20 14-72 || 22 512-4 23 606-9 | Apr. 6 19 | 10 22-05} 12 529-2 13 643-5 25 14:49 || 27 510-7 28 598-6 | Apr. 6 20 0) 21-91 2 530-1 3 659-3 30 14:16 |) 32 509-4 33 592-7 a 35 14-31] 37 508-3 38 587-8. ti Apres a vO 0 | 25 20-47 2 538-8 || 3 765-1 40 14-16 |) 42 503-2 43 581-0 5 20-70 U 549-0 8 763-2 45 14-23 || 47 495-8 48 568-9 10 22-45 || 12 543-8 | 13 762-8 50 16-21 || 52 483-5 53 549-1 15 23-29 || 17 546-4 | 18 760-1 55 22-09 || 57 460-1 58 51997 [ears 0 19-10 2 538-7 | 3 743-9 | Apr. 6 14 0 30-89 2 452-1 3 467-4 10 11-53 || 12 558-4 13 726-4 5 35-86 7 424-9 8 362-9 15 3-58 || 17 576-2 | 18 709-3 10 41-22]) 12 422-3 13 290-9 20 7:83] 22 586-4 || 23 703-0 14 | 442.9 25 12-74|| 27 | 576-4 | 28 | 703-9 15 42.21 )|) 16 429.2 30 14-87 || 32 570-5 || 33 702-1 17 420-4 18 273-2 35 18-48 | 37 558-2 || 38 701-3 19 | 434.4 40 19-33] 42 | 548-8 | 43] 699-3 20 38-95 21 294-3 45 20-41 | 47 543-7 | 48 699-2 22 449-2 23 312-7 50 20-74 | 52 537-3 || 53 698-8 29 511-7 28 351-3 55 20-67 | 57 532-5 || 58 696-8 30 25-93 || 31 | 514-9 Apr. 7 9] 0 19-09] 2 526-7 | 3 | 696-8 32 515-5 33 364-1 5 16-91] 7 527-2 | 8 692-0 34 517-0 10 14-48 | 12 527-8 || 13 690-8 35 27-02 || 37 520-2 38 364-1 15 12-48 | 17 532-3 || 18 687-6 40 27-31 || 42 524-8 43 371-6 20 12-16] 22 534-0 | 23 687.0 45 27-70 || 47 532-5 48 383-5 25 12-74 || 27 532-1 || 28 687-9 50 29-06 || 52 524-6 53 393-8 30 12-70] 32 530-1 | 33 691-1 55 28-37 || 57 519-5 58 404-2 50 15-22 || 52 536-5 | 53 691-6 Apr. 6 15 0) 27-29 2 508-8 3 412-1 Apr:~ 77 110 0 18-73 | 2 536-4 | 3 694-8 5 93-59, °7.| 511-3 8 | 429-5 | | 10 20-84], 12 | 511-0 | 13 | 435-7 | Apr. 7 18 | 0 | 25 23-90] 2] 544.5 || 3] 626-0 15 18-15 | 17 508-6 18 446-5 15 24-80 | 17 538-6 1s 630-9 20 15-39 || 22 505-8 23 454.5 |e 25 12-09 || 27 508-7 28 467-4 | Apr. 8 4 0 | 25 29.24|| 2 542-9 3 | 7163 30 10-48 | 32 510-9 33 478-6 | Apr. 8 5 || 55 15-76 || 57 557-9 58 | 779-0 35 10-21 || 37 509-0 38 491-6 | Apr. 8 6 0 16-62) 2 561-0 3 | 7738 40 10-41 || 42 510-0 43 502-6 10 17-20} 12 559-5 13 | 778-2 45 11-12 || 47 510-4 48 509-6 25 18:S0 | 27 046-0 | 28 783-7 H 50 12-16 || 52 507-0 53 510-3 30 18-55 || 32 546-5 33 | 783-1 |} Apr. 6 16 0 11-98 2 510-7 3 520-5 35 19-83 | | | | 10 15-66 || 12 502-2 13 531-1 Are (8. 87, 0 22-58 || 2 541-1 3 773-6 15 18:01 || 17 496-6 | 18 537-1 Apr. 8 8 0 20-67 | 2 543-2 3 | 756-7 20 19-80 || 22 | 492-9 || 23 | 542-8 | —||——} | 25 22-29 || 27 492-5 28 546-7 | Apr. 11 8 | 0] 25 16-10.) 2 527-4 | 3 714-5 30 24-77 | 3a 488.2 535} 546-5 10 | 12-87 || 12 Bp EP! ||) 1h) 720-2 Birivar, k=0:0001248. BALANCE. &=0:000015 approximately. BITILAR THERMOMETER. 5 ; 49°-0 49°-7 2 IF sy ay ea, ies 47°°2 , (475 BALANCE Loan apr Oe (ages Ge { 49°°5? OSU { 49°33 6° 160, { agra 3 6° 17, { 4geg 7° 19, \ 47°-0 April 74. See notes on the Aurora, p. 61. Nena met een mee enn, | EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, Marcu 29—ApnriL 7. 1843. 61 aes emer aE eter pl Shan a a a nee NOTES ON THE AURORA BOREALIS. | diye hs, om: March 29 An Auroral light was seen about 92 to NNW., assuming the form of a segment of a circle, which became rather bright about 9" 50™, the light being homogeneous ; at 10" 50™ the light was more spotted, but no pencils were visible. At 10" 25™ a meteoric light was seen, at first aed ae proceeding on a point 7 to the south of Zeta Orionis (which was then just seen 0 about WSW. above the surrounding trees), passing between Castor and Pollux, and lost in a nebula in the back of Leo Minor. It became gradually brighter till about 104 35™, when its brightness perhaps equalled the most vivid pencils of an aurora, and gradually diminished in intensity and length till altogether lost about 10" 55™. The breadth at Orion was about ile this being the brightest portion of the meteor, but increasing gradually upwards, filling the space between Castor and Pollux; the greatest length seen might be about 100.° There was no appearance of corruscations. This meteor, undoubtedly connected with the aurora, was singular in every way, whether we regard its form, position, isolation, or duration. The Aurora had disappeared at 12%. April 5 9 30. Aurora, altitude about 35° or 40°; streamers and corruscations, brightest to N. by E. 9 40. Bright auroral arch stretches from W. to NE., altitude 30°, sending streamers downwards to N. 10 15. Splendid aurora, originally with a double arch, the greatest having an altitude of 80°, the other of 60°, spanning 150° of horizon. An auroral pencil seen frequently in the same position as _that observed on March 29, but never having the same duration. The aurora is brightest to NE. by E., the E. extremity of the arch, although the moon being near that point renders it less obvious. A portion to the E., which is brightest, branches off in a cycloidal form. The arch is sometimes triple, the lowest being 10° altitude, with pencils of aurora between. 10 20. Arches more broken, and sending pencils up to the zenith. Arches broken into pencils, vivid from W., and directed a little to the S. of the zenith. | 10 22. Arch altogether irregular to E. as if broken into small arches, with a bright mass to NNW. and t | NW., extending to the W. extremity of the arch, but broken at the N.; the dark space below i having pencils occasionally. 10 25. Pencils to W., very bright ; arch strangely irregular, the light space being about 15° broad, and generally cycloidal at the terminations on the horizon. A long pencil seen frequently to W., as at 15™. 11 11. The arch now spans 180° of horizon, is 30° altitude, and 5° broad, with broad brushes of light below ; the western extremity of the arch is bent inwards towards the north. 11 34. Arch only 10° altitude. 12 30. Arch spans 130°, 12° altitude, 6° or 7° broad, and the form is cycloidal: no pencils at present. | | | 12 45. Again double arches, but close to each other; occasionally pencils from the NE. extremity. The moon is below the arch to WNW., and has a corona the breadth of its own diameter; the sky | is beautifully clear, the stars appearing very brilliant, and no clouds are to be seen. | / 13 0-5. Strong pencils from the E. extremity of the arch. A new arch commencing at NNW., is spring- ing up with the other; its altitude is 8°. The apex of the greater arch is about N. 5° W., and the breadth is increasing from 3° to 10°—much flickering. April 5 15 30. The sky became quickly covered with scud—the aurora gone. April 714 0. An aurora to N., in the form of portion of an arch, 10° broad, reaching from W. to NNW.— flickering, but no pencils. 16 0. Faint auroral mass of light, 8° high and broad, variable in brightness, flickering. | 14 0. Auroral arch much broken—altogether diminished ; patch of cloud to NNW. | t f | | 16 35. Auroral light still flickering to NNW.—strong twilight. MAG. AND*M " oss. 1848. Q mi 62 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, APRIL 11—May 6. 1843. DECLINATION. BIPFILAR. BALANCE. | DECLINATION. || BIFILAR. | BALANCE. Mean Toco. [Min] Reading |Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading | yrot agen, | Min.) Reading |Min-| Reading ||Min.| Reading of | Reduced. || of Cor- of Cor- ft OT Saye | OE Cor- of Cor- Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. | Obs, | Obs.}| rected. || Obs.| rected. ad ih: | m. 2: $ m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div. | ds. heni||- mae w Z | m. Se. Div. || m. Mie. Diy. Apr. 11 8 || 15 | 25 12-56] 17 534-3 18 723-6 | Apr. 12 9 || 30 | 25 10-14} 32 536-7 || 33 746-9 30 15-30] 32 | 535-9 || 33 | 726-0 | 35% 8-87 || 37 | 543-9 || 38 | 739.9 Apr. 11 9 |) 35 21-64 || 37 534-3 38 706-3 | 40 8-11 || 42 548-7 || 43 734-6 Apr. 11 10 | 0 22-45] 2] 535-4 || 3 | 706-6 | 45 9-37], 47 | 553-0 | 48 | 728-1 | 50 14:06] 52 | 548-9 || 53 | 723.4 Apr. 12 72 0 | 25 29-88 2 542-5 3 677-1 | 55 16-53 | 57 545:8 58 718-9 Apr. 12. 3 |) 45 28-23 || 47 561-6 48 680-7 | Apr. 12 10 0 18-55 || 2 542-2 3 712-5 50 28-47 5 19-86 || 7 538-9 8 709-0 Apr. 125.4 0 28-07 2 559-5 3 690-1 | 10 21-34 || 12 535-0 || 13 706-9 15 27-43 || 17 548-4 18 696-4 | 15 22.52) 17 530-1 18 708-0 Apr 12. 5. | 45 30:05 || 47 | 560-6 || 48 | 740-2 | 20 22-18 || 22 | 528-8 || 23 | 708-7 50 30-25] 52 | 555-1 || 53 | 748-5 | 55 33-54 || 57 533-3 58 767-1 | Apr. 13 18 O25) 2071 2 527-1 3 677-2 Apr. el 2 16 0 29-01 2 534-4 3 786-5 | Apr. 13 19 0 23-90 || 2 509-6 3 613-6 5 24-37 7 542-9 8 800-8 | 20 25-39 |) 22 525-5 23 624-5 10 16-92] 12 | 566-1 || 13 | 800-7 35 25-45 || 37 | 535-7 || 38 | 629-4 15 24:17] 17 557-7 18 810-1 | Apr. 13 20 0 22-50|) 2 539-3 3 638-0 20 23-16 || 22 551-5 23 $17-9 | i 25 21:91 || 27 547-1 28 820-4 | Apr. 14 10 0 | 25 21-58 2 533-1 3 646-0 30 21-86|| 32 | 543-5 || 33 | 821-6 | 10 19-26|| 12 | 534-8 | 13 | 657-9 35 22-45 || 37 | 543-9 || 38 |. 826-5 | 15 19-22] 17 | 535-3 || 18 | 662-5 40 21-81|| 42 | 546-6 || 43 | 822-9 | 45 23-71 || 47 545-4 48 822.7 | Apr. 15 6 0 | 25 17-51 | 2 549-9 3 722-7 50 24-20 || 52 547-0 53 819-2 | 5 20-54 di 996-5 8 724-3 | 05 26-17 || 57 542-4 58 823-9 | 10 21-32) 12 552-7 || 13° | 72522 Apr. 12 7 | 0 24:99|| 29] 541-7 3 \- 825-4 | Apr. 15 8 | 0 23-30|| 2| 542-0 3 | 710-6 Bul) c22:33 NN 5 Sae8 8 | 822-1 i 10 22-471 12 | 540-6 || 13 | 817-3 | Apr. 18 6 | 0 | 25 25-72] 2] 549-8 || 3| 739-6 15 22-85] 17 | 542-9 | 18 | 811-5 25 25-39 || 27 | 558-3 | 28 | 7444 20 22-56 | 992 540-4 23 810-1 30 23-12 || 32 560-4 || 33 750-4 25 21-62) 97 541-4. 28 807-4 35 24-38 || 37 561-5 | 38 |. 754-7 30 22-45 || 32 | 542.2 || 33 | 807-8 50 20-03 || 52 | 547-4 | 53 | 782-2 35 23-32] 37 | 538-6 || 38 | 808-3 55 16-97|| 57 | 545-3 | 58 | 802-3 40 23-36 || 42 533-5 43 807-6 | Apr. 18 7 || 0 15-72]) 2 044-3 || 3) 813-5 45 21-37|| 47 |. 537-4 || 48 | 802-3 5 10:58|| 7| 544-2 || 8| 802-0 50 21:73 || 52 | 545-7 || 53 | 797-6 10 11-80|| 12 | 547-9 | 13] 788-5 5Y5) 23-17 || 57 539-3 58 801-7 15 13-42 | WY/ 549-6 18 780-0 Apr. 12/8340 23-07] 2 | 537-0 3 | 800-7 20 15-12] 22 | 554-1 || 23 | 770-8 5 20-90 vi 538-0 8 804-3 25 16-87 | i, 5904-8 | 28 763-3 10 18-18] 12 | 537-6 | 13 | 806-2 30 19-04 || 32 | 558-0 || 33 | 754-5 15 13-07 || 17 538°5 18 799-6 35 20-30) 37 559-1 38 | 749-8 20 13-34] 99 | 538-8 | 293 | 7923 | Apr. 18 8 | 0 20-57] 2| 554-1 | 3] 7319 | 25 15-14] 97 | 539-7 || 28 | 787-1 | | ee | | 30 15-64|| 32 | 534-4 || 33 | 7844 | May 6 61] 0] 25 24.96] 2] 5166 | 31] 660-2 35 15-341 37 | 535-4 | 38 | 778-8 | May 6 8] 0 | 25 21-64] 2/| 5180 | 3) 70g 40 15-83] 42 | 537-2 | 43 | 769-9 | May 6 9 | 40 | 24 58-08] 42 | 437.2: || 43 | 532-5 45 16:78 | 47 | 534-5 || 48 | 766-0 | 45 | 24 50-67|| 47 | 443-8 || 48 | 525-1 50 17-41] 52 | 525-4 || 53 | 770-0 | 50 | 24 51-59 || 52 | 440-0 | 53] 4865 55 14-:15|| 57 | 528-8 || 58 | 769-5 | 55 | 24 57-94]1 57 | 448-5 || 58 | 461-1 Apr. 12 9] 0 13-68] 2] 524.7 3| 773:0 | May 610] 0] 25 4.10] 2) 422:7 3) 400-2 5 10-21] 7] 5249 | 8] 771-5 | 5 | 25 6-70) 7| 392-7 | 8| 3604 10 6-88 | 12 529.5 13 761-4. 10 | 25 6-91] 12] 416-6 | 13 |. 3758 15 8-46] 17 | 529-8 || 18 | 759-6 15 | 25 5-63] 17] 406-0 || 18 | 3430 20 9:99] 22 | 525-8 || 23] 757-2 20 | 25 4.89] 21 | 374-7 | 25 9-17 || 27 529-6 || 28 753°5 | 22 370:8 23 269-2 | | i Bivitan. Before April 27, L=0:0001248 ; after April 27, k=0-0001205. BALANCE. k=0°000015 approximately. BrritaArn THERMOMETER. 0 eS 42°°6 ee 55°°0 BALANCE THERMOMETER, J April 122 7, ‘aces 1s (oes May 6¢. Quite cloudy throughout this disturbance, but the aurora was observed near London by Sir J. Herschel, and described by him in the Athenwum, No, 811. EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, May 6. 1843. 63 D OTE 2°. BIFILAR THERMOMETER. \ May 62 12%, { Pas BALANCE THERMOMETER. 0° DECLINATION. || BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. } Rin. Min. Reading Min. Reading Min. Reading | ie Se Min Reading Min.) Reading | Min. Reading | : | Of Reduced. of Cor- of Cor- | of Reduced. of Cor- of Cor- } Obs. Obs. | rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected. { GN Ill Ben Oe m. | Sc.Div. || m. | Mic. Div. | dh. | m o m. | Sc.Div. || m. | Mic. Div. | | | May 6 10 W249 37027 May 6 11 | 37 | 25 34-85] 37 | 296-6 25 | 25 8-00] 27| 344.6. | 28] 196-1 38 | 221-2 | 38 | 465.1 . 30 | 25 10-48 || 32 |outorfeia.|| 33 | 126-0 39 | 25 26-89|| 39 | 297-8 | 35 | 25 9-54 40 | 25 21-78] 40 | 2922.6 | 41 | — 28.5 41 | 212-4 | 41] 341-1 43 | 25 18-32 42 | 216-9 | 42] 311.0 47 | 25 21-08] 47 | 155.8 43 | 226-2 | 43 | 291-7 | 48 | 168-5 | 48 | 101-5 44 | 25 11-82]| 44 | 250-1 149 | 185.2 | 45 | 25 9-05|| 45 | 268.8 50 | 25 24-2510 | 184-1 46 | 260-0 | | 51 | 199-1 47 | 256-0 |52| 229.3 | 52| 220-5 48 | 241-2 | 48] 2761 53 | 234.3 49 | 246.8 ) 54 | 234.4 || 54] 250-0 50 | 25 7-73|| 50 | 256-0 | 51 | 342.0 55 | 25 21-04] 55 | 221-8 52 | 271-5 ) 56 | 236-6 || 56 | 274-5 | 53 | 294-0 | 53] 288.0 | 57 | 25 19-67] 57 | 228-2 54 | 310-5 | 54 | 322.0 58 | 221-8 || 58 | 317-0 | 55 | 24 43-10|| 55 | 342-4 59 | 240.8 56 | 24 42-43] 56 | 348-1 | May 6 11 | O| 25 10-55) 1) 252.2 1| 454-0 57 | 331-9 || 57 | 417-0 2 | 25 7:14] 2| 263-0 58 | 346-9 | 58 | 427-5 . | 3) 248-2 | 3] 487-0 59 | 24 32-97] 59 | 348-9 | 4 | 298.7 May 612] 0 | 24 24.67] 0| 364-2 5 | 25 2.64] 5] 203-5 1 | 24 20-54] 1 | 370.2 6 | 204.3 2 | 24 18-94|| 2| 354-6 7 | 215-1 Fal 7089 3 | 343.9 3 | 459-6 | Sh -23541 Sy) 754-1 AN24 11-99) 4 | - 3297 } 9 | 257-7 9 | 803-0 5 | 24 4.92|| 5 | 303-7 ' 10 | 25 16-97] 10 | 286-3 6 | 299-5 6 | 480-7 ; Di es097 Nit 8860-1 7 | 23 58-05|| 7 |. 296-2 i 12 319-4. 8 318-2 8 | 494.0 13} 310-5 | 13 | 903-9 9 | 23 52-13] 9 | 333-9 14 | 301-6 10 | 23 51-71] 10'| 335-7 it 15 | 25 29-14] 15 | 280-5 11>)-23 52:64] 11 | 334-1 | 11 | 471-7 16 | 248-2 | 16| 8641 12| 346.4 17 | 25 7-15] 17 | 242-9 Lowe SOc ls), 975-0 18 | 208-7 | 18 | 940.2 14 | 24 2.39]1 14] 372.6 19 | 1642 | 19 | 973-4 15 | 24 6421115 | 364-0 20 | 25 20-03] 20 89-0 16 | 373-2 | 16| 275-0 21 84:0 | 21 | 930-3 17 | 24 14-63] 17 | 383-0 4 22 | 105-2 || 22) 911-0 13H) S372 WN WS’ 93327 23.| 149-7 || 23 | 853-0 19 | 24 21-24] 19 | 363.8 | 24 | 24 59-14] 24 | 169.4 20 | 24 27-36] 20 | 357-1 | 21 | 201.2 25 | 25 5-36] 25 | 188.3 92 | 374.4 | 26 | 168-6 || 26| 782-8 23 | 376-4 | 23 | 236.0 | 27 | 24 50-80] 27 | . 130-7 24 | 24 31-60]| 24 | 379.6 | / 28 | 134.9 || 28 | 755-0 25 | 24 29-38] 25 | 389.0 29} 146.2 26 | 398-3 | 26 | 259.0 30 |-25 0-60] 30 | 141-0 || 27 | 406-2 | Sele 167-3 28 | 420-7 || 28 | 260-5 32 | 184-8 || 32! 657-0 99 | 24 20-94] 299} 424.2 a 33 | 195-7 30 | 24 20-87|| 30 | 417-9 34) 25 33.97 34 | 186-1 . 31 | 409-2 | 31 | 299.0 35 | 25 33-17] 35 | 192-7 32 | 24 26-09|| 32 | 409-9 36 | 215-8 | 36 | 569-0 33 | 408-2 | 33] 181-5 BIFILAR. k=0-0001205, BaLANcE. k=0:000015 approximately. | | | f May 62104 45m, he scale of the Bifilar Magnetometer having gone beyond the field of the reading telescope, the torsion circle was turned from 287° 44’ to 291° 45’; the subsequent readings have been reduced so as to be comparable with those previous to the turning of the torsion circle.—(See Introduction.) 1a ita a 7) 64 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, May 6—JUNE 7. 1843. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE, DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. Mean time, (Min-| Reading |) Min.| Reading ||Min.| Reading | roan time, |2-| Reaaing || Min-| Reading | Min.| Reading of | Reduced. || Of Cor- of Cor- | Of-')" Reduced: | 20! Cor- of Cor- Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs. | rected. || Obs.| rected. } ds? he m. S i m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Div. { dh. m. Oo 4 m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Diy. | May 6 12 | 34 | 24 33-35] 34 | 400-4 | May 7 14 0 | 25 13-84 35 | 24 36-31] 35 401-2 i 5) 13-88 Zh 462-7 8 503-6 36 | 411-3 rhea 37 | 418.7 | May 10 2 0 | 25 30-16) 2] 514-7 3 664-3 38 | 412-8 | 38 125-0 | 42 |} 478-5 || 43 | 679-8 39 | 24 46-29)|| 39 | 410-8 1 May 10 4 0 26-13], 2 518-1 3 696-9 40 | 24 47-92] 40 | 409.4 i May 10 6 0 17-69} 2] 531-2 3 | 705-6 41 411-5 | 41 123-2 15 16-68 || 17 | 535-6 | 18 | 707-3 42 | 24 49-89|| 42 | 416-0 20 16-53 || 22 | 546-0 || 23 | 709-5 43 | 421-8 | 43 120-0 30 19-29) 32 | 528-2 | 33 717-7 44 | 24 55-81] 44 | 420.4 40 20-43 || 42 | 521-1 | 43 | 715-0 45 | 24 57-89|| 45 | 429.9 45 23-77 || 47 | 517-2 46 | 434-8 || 46 150-5 | May 10 8 0 23-48 |) 2 512-0 3 | 708-6 47 | 441-3 48 | 446-7 || 48 175-0 } May 15 8 0 | 25 23-91] 2) 523-9 3} 701-2 49 |} 25 7-65] 49 | 449.2 10 533-7 50 | 25 10-09|| 50 447.9 25 22.77 || 27 516-0 || 28 727-8 51 447-9 || 51 207-1 30 22-58 || 32 | 509-8 || 33 | 746-0 521 447.5 40 21-79} 42 | 512-7 || 43 789-1 53 | 449-9 || 53 2935-7 45 22-36 || 47 | 507-1 || 48 | 803-4 54. 448-5 55 19-22 || 57 502-2 58 840-6 55 | 25 14.48] 55 | 448.7 | May 15 9 0 17-61 |) 2 501-7 3 843-9 56 | 446-7 5 16-33 || 7 | 499-0 8 844-1 57 | 445.5 15 13-711 17 | 494-2 || 18 |. 831-1 58 441-4 58 276-3 20 12-13 || 22 496-0 23 814-6 59 441-0 30 16-73 || 32 4950 33 785-1 | May 6 13 0 | 25 9-81] O| 438.0 45 22-32] 47 | 497-3 || 48 | 760-3 1 437-4 1 330-0 | May 15 10 0 22-58 || 2 | 497-2 3 737-2 4] 4544 | 3] 351-0 | = 5 | 24 59-69 6| 388-5 | May 29 18 0 | 25 28-67) 2] 509-6 3 | 615-9 7 | 94 58-25|| 7 470-7 8 402-0 | 30 23-66 || 32 507-2 || 33 618-4 9 | 480-0 | May 29 19 0 19-89 10 | 24 58-01]| 10 | 484.8 | May 29 20 0 24:53 || 2) 493-3 3 | 646-0 11 488-4 11 414-6 10 23-39 || 12 491-0 13 643-2 13 | 492-1 12 | 420-6 | ees 15 | 25 2.33] 15 491-7 16 425.6. | June 2 20 0 | 25 15-79] 2 493-8 | 3 653-1 20 | 25 9.47|| 20 | 489-4 | 23 | 474.1 | Jume 2 21 | 15 28-14) 17 | 448-2 | 18 | 669-0 24 | 487-8 30 30-74 || 32 | 479-9 || 33 650-0 25 | 25 12-50] 25 487-0 || 26 509-6 35 30-82 || 37 480-5 | 38 644-8 eae June 2 22 0 34:85 | 2] 491-8 3 629-3 May: 7 10 || 37 |. 25 32-31] 38 | 463-5 || 39 586-0 10 34-61 | 12 | 493-8 || 13 626-4 40 30-45 || 41 460-0 || 42 580-0 30 33-42 || 32 489-0 || 33 629-6 | May: 7 12 58'| 531-7 40 31-66 42 | 486-5 | 43 | 638-4 | May 7 13 0 19:96] 2] 459.7 3 | 522.6 | June 2 23 0 30:05] 2] 491-4 | 3] 643-4 5 19-39 7 | 458-0 Sal 5202" | 10 19-73]. 12 | 454-1 13 519-6 | June 7 10 O | 25 32:35] 2] 510-1 | 3 | 6428 15 19-15 || 17 | 447-8 10 28-23], 12 | 515-9 || 13 | 638-6 20 17-34] 22 | 454.5 || 23 | 514-3 15 27-56 | 17 | 521-8 | 18 | 634-9 25 15-47|| 27 | 461-6 || 28 | 508-6 20 27-87 || 22 | 524-7 || 23 | 629.4 30 16-60] 32 | 461-5 || 33 | 512-1 25 28-10] 27 | 519-2 || 28 | 628-6 35 14-70] 37 | 459-3 || 38 | 501-2 30 26-89 | 32 | 513-2 | 33 | 627-6 40 14-42] 42 | 457-4 || 43 | 499-5 40 20-84) 42 | 525-5 | 43 | 6195 45 13-61] 47 | 459-1 | 48 | 496-9 45 20-481 47 | 512-2 | 48 | 6164 50 14-31] 52 | 460-2 || 53 | 496.2 50 19-93 | 52 | 506-0 | 53 | 617-4 Bp) 15-09 || 57 460-1 58 495-7 595 18-68 o7 499-5 | Bye} 617-9 \ | { BiFiLaR. k=0:0001205. BALANce. k=0:000015 approximately. BrIriLAR THERMOMETER. ae bee SUE Ne eam: 50°9 s 9°77 BALANCE THERMOMETER. } May oRS rt teres pee {bisa Bo { 50°86 SANS See { 19-6 May 64 13" 5™, The torsion circle was turned back from 291° 45’ to 287° 41’; the readings till 13h 25™ have been corrected by +3°0 s, div., in order to make them comparable with those before 10 30™, ExtTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JUNE 7—JULY 24. 1843. 65 DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. | BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. rac oe en Min Readies | Min.| Reading | Min. Reading ier daa Min. Reading Min. Reading || Min. Reading Benimetn |e pea used On Cor- | of Cor- [peOfus |e eta cag On Cor- of Cor- Obs. Obs. | rected. | Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. | Obs.| rected. d. bh. || m oy x ae ae re dao vanssg| m. | Sec.Div. || m. | Mic.Div. June 7 11 0 |} 25 15-99) 2 496-8 3 619-0 July 1 7 || 45 | 25 19-20] 47 542-0 48 678-1 5 14-01 Whe ak 493-9 8 620-5 50 22-67 || 52 538-7 53 681-6 10 13-03 | 12 | 495-0 || 13 | 619-7 55 25:16 || 57 | 529-5 || 58 | 680-7 15 14-33|| 17 | 490-8 | 18 | 623-4 | July 1 8] 0 25-48] 2] 520-5 | 31] 681-4 20 16-24|| 22 | 492:5 || 23 | 624-7 5 25-78 Zula olyeo. || *Scla 679:9 25 | ~ 18-01] 27 | 492-1 | 28 | 622-5 10 25-50 124) 516-1 30 18-86 || 32 | 490-9 || 33 | 615-7 20 24:75] 22 | 518-0 | 23] 674.4 35 19-22 || 37 490-1 38 608-3 30 26-62 || 32 909-9 33 676-8 40 19-76 || 42 | 490-7 || 43 | 602-1 35 27:07 | 37 | 503-3 || 38 | 679-5 45 18-57 || 47 490-8 48 597-2 | 40 26-13 |) 42 502-5 43 678-1 50 17-38 || 52 | 490-8 | 53| 591-7 45 25-341 47 | 504.4 Be 17:17 57)| 489-6 || 58 | 583-7 | July 110] 0 25:90 2 | 506-6 3 | 669-6 June 7 12 0 16-40}, 2 483-2 3 576:0 === |——— | 5 15-81 7 481-9 July 4 8 ON R252 26:05 1| 12 521-1 3 668-0 | 10 14-62|| 12 | 483-9 | 13 | 578-0 50 13-81] 52 | 530-3 | 53 | 668-6 15 14:06 17 | 488-5 18 580-9 55 15-46 || 57 533-1 | 58 - 20 14-43 | 22 | 491-6 || 23 | 587-1 | July 4 9] 0 17:94] 2] 526-4 || 31 670.0 25 14-60 | 27 496-7 || 28 593-2 5) 19-10] 7 520-4 8 671-5 30 15-97] 32 | 499-3 || 33 | 598-5 | 10 19-46] 12] 516-7 | 13 | 670-5 35 17-20 15 19-91] 17 | 514.5 || 18 z June 7 18 || 0 21-95|| 2] 484-6 3| 633-7 20 21-10] 22 | 514-5 | 23 3 30 25-43 || 32 | 485-3 || 33 | 636-2 30 93-24 || 32 | 512.3 | 33 . June 7 20 0 95.92|| 29] 489-1 3 | 6426 | July 4 10 0 25-86], 2] 512-5 3 | 667-4 June 9 20 || 0 | 25 19-54] 2| 518-7 | 3] 655-8 | July 24 6] 0 | 25 25.32] 2] 567-3 | 3] 621-0 | , 10 20-25 || 12 508-2 13 658-3 10 22-25 || 12 540.9 13 635-2 | 15 90-54. || 17 507-8 18 657-2 15 22-63 || 17 541-1 18 637-1 | 20 21-02 | 22 505-8 23 655-6 20 22-69 || 22 544-6 23 se June 9 22 0 24-06 2 497-2 3 657-5 25 23-14 |) 27 539-1 28 641-5 30 22-97 || 32 534-5 33 644-6 June 11 22 0 | 25 25-19 2 477-4 3 663-7 ! 35 22-11 || 37 527-4 38 646-8 June 11 23 5 29-48 7 467-5 8 673-9 40 22-62 || 42 529-2 | 43 647-2 June 12 0 0 27-83 2 492.2 3 663-8 45 22-58 || 47 536-3 48 4 —_|—_______ 50 22-38) 52 | 546-7 June 13 6 0 | 25 24-60 2 492-5 3 731-0 53 558-8 30 22-67 || 32 539-2 33 712-9 | July 24 7 0 23-53 2 522-6 3 656-4 35 24-65 || 37 034-2 38 710-6 5 24.27 7 518-7 8 659-6 40 25-21 || 42 530-3 43 709-9 10 24-67 || 12 521-0 13 es ; 45 25:73 || 47 523-9 48 710-3 15 25-01 ||. 17 524-7 7 50 26-62] 52 516-8 53 710-9 22 516-0 23 672-6 iv 55 26-10] 57 511-2 58 709-1 25 25-95 || 27 525-5 28 670-4 ? June 13 7 0 26-08 2 512-6 3 708-0 30 25-14 |) 32 523-8 33 672-6 4 June 13 8 0 26-62 2 510-4 3 695-9 35 25:07 || 37 525-3 38 675-8 > y————— 40 24-67 || 42 | 533-8 | 43 ci . June 30 18 0 | 25 25-14 2 488-8 3 582-2 45 24-67 || 47 528-1 48 675-6 4 30 23-26 || 32 494.4 33 600-5 50 24-58 || 52 523-8 53 679-5 5 | June 30 19 0 24-55 2 491-5 3 612-3 | July 24 8 0 22.99 2 524-7 3) 685-1 y 30 19-22 || 32 495-9 33 618-3 | July 24 9 5 18-43 Us 511-5 8 710-9 1g June 30 20 0 16-40 2 484-5 3 636-9 | 10 20-37 || 12 506-7 13 709-1 iy June 30 21 17 475-6 18 657-3 | 15 20-28 | 17 507-2 18 711-8 " 20 19-15 20 19-13 || 22 503-2 23 694-9 | 25 19-81 || 27 483-9 28 652-1 25 19-09 || 27 494-2 28 677-4 i June 30 22 0 20-92 2 481-4 3 647-6 | 30 17-88 | 32 499-3 33 654-2 | ‘ 35 17-47 || 37 | 495-0, 38 | 659-0 | a July 1G 0 | 25 28-64 2 517-8 3 666-5 40 12-74 || 42 474-8 | 43 631-7 BIFILAR. k=0:0001205. Batance. k=0:000015 approximately. BIFILAR THERMOMETER. A 56°°2 | wo f8220. aaa ny [:5478: Ha OOS tA lon arant( Gla8! BALANCE Teer Synaral ea. er ecg LEED 54°°0 SRNR 67°:0’ ce MAG. AND MET. obs. 1843. R 66 ExTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JuLy 24, 25. 1843. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. | BALANCE. ais ae a Reading Reading in.| Reading Priester Min Reading | Min. Reading | Min.} Reading Pall eeR sane Cor- Cor- Of ednccdeal| of Cor- || of Cor- rected. bs.| rected. Obs. (Obs: rected. | Obs. rected. ds oh. m™m. t Y m. Se. Diy. m. Mic. Div. aa ah: m. Sie ie, |. m. Se. Div. | m™. Mic. Diy. July 24 9 | 45 | 25° LOL] 47 490-5 || 48 628-3 | July 25 2 || 50 | 25 29-17 | 52 572-1 | 53 | 922-1 | 560 | 24 53-72 |) 52 524-3 || 53 634-7 55 25-29 || 57 584-8 || 58 937-4 | 5d | 24 52-22] 57 528-7 || 58 599-6 | July 25 3 0 33-07 || 2 598-8 3 | 942-0 July 24 10 0 | 24 55-11] 2 507-9 3 593-6 5 41-04) 7 580-8 | 8 975-4 | 5 | 24 57-041 7 493-4 8 608-2 10 28-08 | 12 569-6 | 13 944.3 10 | 24 56-95} 12 493-2 | 13 636-0 114 21-91 | 15 | 24 52-72]! 17 513-2 18 638-3 15 29-88 | 17 568-1 | 18 891-3 20 | 24 57-22) 22 516-7 || 23 626-4 17 33:54 25 | 25 6-67] 27 507-9 || 28 629-0 20 35-89 || 22 559-1 30 5:91 || 32 508-5 | 33 627-9 23 39-39 | | 23 898-1 35 6-77 || 37 | 508-2 | 38 | 6225 24 37-37 | 50 14-43 | 52 514-9 || 53 606-7 25 34-73 || 27 547-6 | 28 | 907-1 i 5Y5) 15-66 || 57 515-3 | 58 604-9 30 30-51 || 32 557-2 || 33 | 895-0 | July 24 11 0 17-20}, 2 518-0 3 601-1 35 35-69 || 37 560-6 || 38 899-4 5 20-25|| 7 511-2 8 603-3 40 32-27 || 42 586-3 | 43 | 899.4 15 22-29 17 516-4 | 18 604-8 45 46-94 || 47 558-7 || 48 928-1 I 46 48:53 | | | July 24 22 | 0} 25 31-03] 2 444-1 3 674-9 50 35-73 || 52 543-1 || 53 920-3 5 31-93] 7 | 438-0 | 8 | 678-6 54 23-48 | 10 32-57 || 12 436-0 13 678-6 55 24-03 || 57 572-8 | 58 895-4 15 33-22] 17 | 439-0 || 18 677-0 | July 25 4 0 28:12] 2 609-2 | 3 905-5 20 34-83 || 22 441-5 || 23 675-8 4 41-41 25 34-28 || 27 442-4 || 28 674:3 5 41-11 6 599-5 |) 30 34-72 || 32 440-3 || 33 ” Uf 597-1 | 8 | 947-3 35 33-47| 37 | 438-5 || 38 +9 9 34-11 literal 40 32-58 || 42 438-8 || 43 681-3 10 28-72 || 12 597-5 || 13 871-0 45 31-01 | 47 441-7. || 48 | 676-1 14 594-4 | 50 29-96 | 52 447-0 || 53 675-1 15 40-35 | j July 24 23 0 31:36) 2 451-5 3 ” 16 45-95 || 17 574-8 | 18 839-6 15 31-56 || 17 458-4 | 18 677-2 19 52-67 | 30 34-82 || 32 462-5 || 33 684-6 20 51-29 | 21 550-4 || 35 35-56 || 37 463-0 | 38 688-0 | 22 552-7 || 23 | 920-6 | 50 34-66 | 52 473-2 || 53 696-0 24 38-96 | | | July 25 0 0 33-15) 2 467-2 3 702-6 25 35-49 | 26 566-1 | 25 34:52 | 27 | 475-0 | 28 | 722-2 | 27 | 567-7 | 28 |) 890-9 Tie July 25 1] 10 32-05 || 12 497-6 | 13 745:3 29 39-27 | | 15 31-32 | 17 488-8 || 18 756-2 30 40-91 | 31 553-7 || 20 32-69 || 22 486-1 23 766-0 | 32 554-2 || 33 | 931-5 25 35-89 || 27 495-8 || 28 771°5 | 34 31-56 | | 30 38-69 | 32 494-0 | 33 776-9 35 29-60) 36 562-2 | 35 35-62 || 37 505-0 | 38 782-0 37 568-1 | 38 914-2 40} 33-96] 42 | 520-3 | 43 | 787-2 39 | 32-62 lie 45 34-92 || 47 519-4 || 48 790-0 | 40 33-76) 41 | 594-9 I 50 34-65 || 52 519-6 | 53 795-1 | 42 599-8 | 43 | 917-7 55 36-90| 57 | 518-7 | 58} 803-6 44 33-74 | July 25 2 0 35:59 | 2 517-5 3 814-0 45 33-60 | 46 627-7 || | 5 36:03 | 7 517-9 8 836-3 | 47 626-7 | 48 944.4 10 32-24 || 12 516-5 | 13 861-5 49 39-02 | | 15 30-16 | 17 524-6 18 853-3 50 39-63 51 602-8 20 30-37 || 22 536-7 || 23 848-2 | 52 | 606-6 | 53 875-5 25 34-85 || 27 | 538-0 | 28] 849-8 54 38-92 | | | 30 36-63 || 32 537-1 33 862-4 55 44-70 | 56 587-1 || 35 33°89 || 37 541-1 38 874-8 | 57 580-4 | 58 $29-6 40 33-44 || 42 551-0 || 43 882-3 | 59 54:73 | 59 | 571:7 | 45 30:29 || 47 570-2 || 48 908-9 | July 25 5 0) 06:04} 0 | 566-9 | Bivinar. k=0:0001205. BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately. BIFILAR THERMOMETER, G1 0ior 6252 opacont jlOece BALANCE THERMOMETER. f ey a {corns sEe { 60-73 oO Re (es-0° nn ee Gottingen -{ Mean Time. iy r dah. EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, JULY 25—AveusT 8. 1843. DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. | Min -. || Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading of a i nae of Cor- || of Cor- Obs. * | Obs.| rected. Obs.| rected. | m. o; td m. Se. Div m. Mic. Div. 1 562-1 1 ) 2 | 25 52-70 2 556-0 3 552-2 3 4 50-05 4 553-6 5 48-33 5 554-4 6 556-3 6 a 46-76 7 557-0 |] 8 558-4 8 10 44-43 | 10 559-3 12 40-53 12 | 559-9 13 561-1 118} 15 39-52 || 15 568-4 18 20 37-15 || 22 568-3 | 23 25 34-12 | 27 566-7 || 28 30 29-38 | 32 555-7 33 35 Beal Gi7/ 553-6 38 40 37-61 | 42 524-6 43 43 523-8 44 29-31 || 44 524-3 45 28-35 |) 45 526-6 | 46 525-9 46 47 525-9 48 50 30-40 |} 52 512-9 53 55 31-73 | 57 512-8 58 0 31-96 2 519-4 3 Q 5 30-74 a 520-8 8 812-7 15 25-58 || 17 530-6 18 798-9 20 28.27 || 22 530-4 23 784-6 25 30-42 || 27 526-5 28 789-1 40 22.38 || 42 520-7 43 784-9 45 19-63 || 47 510-0 48 772-6 50 20-34 | 52 518-0 53 769-8 bY) 22-53 || 57 518-3 58 771-7 0 19-63 2 508-0 3 736-0 0 20-10 2 474-3 3 663-7 10 18-97 || 12 479-7 13 658-8 15 21-91] 17 469-3 18 643-1 20 21-28 || 21 463-5 22 460-2 23 826-6 25 20-07 || 26 462-3 Dri 462-1 23 611-9 29 445-9 30 19-80 || 31 448.2 32 442-1 33 562-3 34 437-5 35 20:28 || 36 425-7 By 431-9 33 520-6 39 457-1 40 17-83 | 41 465-3 42 470-2 43 566-7 44. 476-5 45 13-71 || 47 486-6 48 576-1 49 476:3 50 13-44 || 52 460-2 53 567-0 54 467-2 BIFILAR. k=0:0001205. BIFILAR THERMOMETER. BALANCE THERMOMETER. 6 by \ July 252 114, { 640-4. 64°-2 DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. Gottingen Ree ; Mi eb é c { Mean Time. ‘| Reading ||4 in. Reading Min.| Reading | oft Redueede of Cor- of Cor- Obs. Obs.} rected. || Obs.} rected. dsj ch; m. S s m. Se. Div. m. fie. Diy. July 25 10 || 55 | 25 13-51] 56 | 478.4 57 484-7 | 58 602-7 59 488-0 July 25 0 12-60 2 486-6 3 649-3 4 481-9 5 11-77 Ui 480-8 8 671-6 9 483-5 10 10-55 || 12 487-0 3 679-3 15 14-03 || 17 484-6 18 671-6 20 16-95 || 22 482-8 23 674-5 25 19-27 || 27 482-0 28 676-9 40 20-68 || 42 479-0 43 667:8 50 21-88] 52 484.9 53 667-6 July 25 18 0 15-03 2 466-0 3 642-9 20 15-19} 22 485-9 23 640-7 30 15-32 || 32 484-1 33 639-0 Aug. 3.4 0 | 25 29-08 2 535:3 3 604-0 20 27-22) 22 524-9 23 615-6 Aug. ai a) 0 21-08 2 512-7 3 637-0 Aug. Ay Py 0 | 25 20-82 2, 466-7 3 625-5 35 26:19] 37 474.5 38 619-3 Aug. 4 0 0 31-43 2 490-3 3 601-8 47 34-90 || 48 508-0 49 608-0 Aug. ced | 20 29-38 || 22 522.2 23 663-8 45 31-36 || 47 512-4 48 660:1 Aug. 4 2 0 29.42 2, 512-9 3 682-0 Aug. 4 4 0 32-78 2 519-3 3 685-9 Aug. 4 5) | 20 21-24 ]) 22 536-4 23 7471 30 24-37) 32 518-4 Sie) 776°5 35 21-95 || 37 518-4 38 782-2 40 19-26 || 42 518-7 43 784-5 45 18-48 || 47 522-5 48 789-6 50 15-83 || 52 516-0 53 oa 55 11-24 || 57 532-6 58 778-6 Aug. 4 6 0 13-68 2 537-3 3 772-5 i) 17-15 7 532-2 8 767-0 10 19-37 || 12 528-6 13 7598 15 22-02 || 17 524-3 18 752-0 25 24-37 | 27 516-8 28 738-1 Aug. 4 8 0) 21-24 2 517-4 3 679-1 Aug. 8 18 0 | 25 37-51 2 461-8 3 475-2 10 38-08 || 12 466-6 13 462-9 15 42-41 || 17 456-6 18 451-6 20 43-74 || 21 468-0 22 472-3 23 448-7 24 476-7 25 43-49 || 26 480-3 27 481-8 28 447-6 30 43-80 || 31 487-8 32 490-5 833} 442-0 35 43-12 || 36 496-2 37 | 498-7 | 38 | 437-9 BaLance. k=0:000015 approximately. 68 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, AUGUST 8—SEPTEMBER 18. 1843. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE, DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. BALANCE, ’ H | || Monge, | Min.) Reading |Min-| Reading |/Min.| Reading | ,cO8°? latin Reading | 3lin.| Reading Min,| Reading of Reduceat of Cor- of Cor- 5 of Reduccaeall of Cor- | of | — Cor- Obs. Obs.| rected. || Obs.} rected. | Obs. |Obs. | rected. || Obs.| rected. } d. h. ||. m. ° , m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. | ds +h. m. © 4 | m. Se. Diy. I m. Mie. Diy, Aug. 8 18 | 40 | 25 42:23] 42 | 503-7 || 43 | 427-6 | Sept. 1 2/|| 3 | 25 31-22|| 5 | 507-7 | -- secees 45 39-20 || 46 | 508-6 24 31-00 || 22 | 517-9 |] «++ | eves 47} 508-6 | 48 | 421-5 | 25 | 500-0 || --- | scenes 50 37-771 52 | 512-3 || 53 | 426-7 | 46 32-42|| 44 | 518-6 |] --- | ese. ‘ 55 35-62|| 57 | 513-1 || 58 | 429-9 | Sept. 1 3 || 10 33-62 || 11 | 511-9 | ss. | cesses Aug. 819] 0 33-71) 2 | 512-5 3] 436-1 35 28-97|| 33 | 493-6 |) --- | see 5 32-95|| 7 | 512-8 8 | 445-5 || 35 | 490-9 |] --- | -raen 20 32:1'5 || 22 1 512-7. 23 | 457-2 37 | 496-6 || --- | “wane 25 30-10 || 27 | 504-6 || 28 | 482-9 56 | 521-2 || --. | «sees 45 23-06 | 47 | 502-2 | 48 | 512-0 | 58 28-30|| 59 | 529-1 || --- | eres Aug. 8 20] 0 19-49|| 2] 498-1 3 | 537-5 | Sept.-1 4] 0 97-78 || ©2 \2252530 |) =. lene Aug. 8 21 || 20 20-20 || 22 | 486-3 | 23 | 595-8 | 16: | 525-9) |)... |eceeee 25 20-21) 27 | 483-5 || 28 | 596-7 18 97-10.|| 19 | 51338) |---| eee | Aug. 8 22 || 0 21-95|| 21 478-8 3 | 605-6 39 | 502-9 || =-- | -omme — 40 29.35 || 42-| 5167 |l--. | eee Aug. 22 0]| 0| 25 31-76] 2| 498-8 3} 663-3 4 | 530-1) ||... eee Ang. 22 LP 5 39-39|| 71 490-0 | Sept. 1 5] 7 29.20) -S4| 582!4) || .. os) eee 10 37-03 12 | 477-7 | 13} 675-3 | 27 |" 506-3) || ---9] | eeeeee 15 36-38] 17 | 483-6 || 18 | 673-0 30 23-01 || 29 | 5113-2) ||... |e 20 38-11]} 22 | 492-1 || 23 | 671-7 47°| 514-2) |\<.-. | 25 39-59 27 | 505-4 || 28] 665-5 | 50 20-12|| 50 | 497-8. |---| eae 30 40-89 || 32 | 509-6 | 33 | 664-7 | Sept. 1 61 O 19-42] 92 | 499-8 |||... |/==eaeem 35 36-63 | 37 | 481-4 || 38 | 675-3 8 | 495-9 | + | ese 40 35-67 || 42 | 497-8 || 43 | 665-1 9 17-12|| 11 | 503-8 |) .-- |) seme 45 37-07 | 47 | 496-9 || 48 Bee | 46 23-05 | ===. | eee 50 36-60 || 52 | 494-9 | 53 | 668-8 | Sept. 1 8] 0 17-60) 2°) 5118 |) ---5) eee 55 34-65 || 57 | 490-3 || 58 | 672-9 | Aug. 22 2] 0 33-54|| 2| 487-4 3 | 675-0 | Sept. 1 20] 0 | 25 32-55] 2°| 478-0 || -.- | ---0- 20 33-98 || 22 | 530-0 || 23 3 15 31-72|| 17 | 489-6 || --- | = 25 33-84] 27 | 529-8 || 28 | 683.7 30 30-37 | 32 | 496-4 || «++ | esses 30 32-48) 32 | 516-8 || 33 | 689-2 45 28-17 || 47 | 503-1 || ses | seeree 35 31-46] 37 | 517-2 | 38 | 692-1 | Sept. 1 22] oO 24-41 |) 2] 483-5 |] os | sree . 42 | 526-3 | Sept. 2 0|| 0 26:83 || 2 | 485-6 |] +++ | sseeee 45 32-87 || 47 | 532-3 || 48 as 57 28-441 56 | 492-8 |] --- | --ssee 50 33-78 || 52 | 536-6 || 53 ee Sept. 2 1 || 18 28-35 || 18 | 497-6 |] --. | -ss+= 57 | 524.3 38 | 505-6 || +--+ | -ssees | Aug. 22 3 2) 521-3 : 55 | 489-7 |} --+ | scewes 5 33-17|| 7 | 524-1 8 | 705-2 | Sept. 2 2] 0 28-05 || 2] 492-4 |} .-. | -seens 17 | 514-6 ll 500:0 ‘|| --- | >sseeam 40 33-51|| 42 | 533-1 || 43] 708.3 | 14:| 510" || ... | 45 31-50] 47 | 512-0 | 48 | 715-6 28 | 507-0 | +++ | se 50 31-07 || 52 | 505-0 || 53 |. 720-4 | 31 | 497-6 | 57 | 495-2 | 48 | 505-1 ) Aug )22 1a) 0 31-22) 2 | 504-7 3| 718-9 | Sept. 2 3 || 10 27-37|| 11 | 498-1 | 0 30-42] 12 | 505-1 || 13 | 716-6 | 29 | 493-1 | Aug. 22 5 || 15 28.64|| 17 | 533-9 | 18 | 613-2 | Sept. 2 41] 0 26-60 2} 503-8 35 27-33 || 37 | 523-6 || 38 | 628-5 21 | 517-6 |} Aug. 22 6]| 0 26:94|| 2] 519.0 3 | 731-3 | Sept. 2 5 || 19 22:42 20 | 499.2 aa | | 38] 513-1 Sept. 1 O || 0 | 25 28-59] 2 | 504.7 |]... | sees Sept. 2 6] 0] 20:36] 2] 507-5 59 29-95 || 58 | 499-8 ||. | seeees |——| - | — Sept. Le 1 |) 0 2] 499-8 |]... | ccovee Sept. 18 10 | (25° 7-65)! | 2)| SiG Ones 21 30:73 || 22 | 505-5 | eww | seseee \ 5-65 || 12 | 530-1 || 13 | 43 31-22] 42 | 513-5 |] ov | casene ll 15y 4-28|' 17 | 539:5 | 18 | Sept. 1 2/1 0 31-89] 2 | 514.3 |] oe | sseeee | 20 5-33 22 | 539-7 23 Biviar, k=0:0001205, BALANCE. k=0:000015 approximately. Biri arn THERMOMETER, \ 60° 4 5 i o Sd h if ees OOU h s BALANCH THERMOMETER, | Aug. 8% 19%, DORON tas a a) lé mM G) const Aug, 224 Gf. aa%, Sopt. Te A faint Aurora observed for a short period this evening at Edinburgh. Observations made during experiments to determine the temperature correction of the Balance Magnet. a) att - a4 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, SEPTEMBER 18—OctTosEr 26. 1843. 69 DECLINATION. | BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR, BALANCE, caongen Min Reading ‘Min. Reading || Min.| Reading SeeenbeD: Min Reading || Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading | of | Reduced. |) of Gor: of Cor- OF Reduced: of Cor- of Cor- | Obs, || Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected. Obs. * Obs. | vected. {| Obs.| rected. eds m. o ¢ ern Sc.Div. || m. Mie. Diy. ds oh; m. ° , mm. Sc. Div. m. Mic. Div. : | Sept. 18 10 || 25 | 25 6-79] 27 539-7 28 774-9 | Oct. 4 23 9 25432-87927 471-9 8 "69-0 | 30 9-89 || 32 538-0 33 772-5 10 32-53 || 12 470-0 13 763-0 | 35 12-14. 37 535:7 38 766-8 15 32-35 || 17 473-3 18 781-5 | 40 11-64 || 42 533-2 | 43 760-7 20 31-46 || 22 480-1 | 23 798-4 45 _ 11-28 || 47 527-3 48 753-1 25 32-27 || 27 480-5 || 28 798-7 50 10-88 || 52 521-3. || 53 748-2 30 32-10] 32 | 485.5 || 33 779.6 55 10-50 | 57 515-4 58 754-9 35 32-10 || 37 4.90:5 38 749-8 Sept. 18 11 0) 9-47 2 513-7 3 761-7 40 32-62 || 42 491-0 || 43 763-6 D 10:08] 7 510-0 8 762-9 45 32-80 || 47 492-3 || 48 750-9 10 9-57 || 12 508-1 13 759-4 50 32-91 |) 52 491-0 53 771-0 ip 15 8-90 || 17 502-9 18 763-6 55 32-51 || 57 492-4 || 58 769:8 bi 20 83-40 || 22 | 495.9 31 765-7 | Oct. 5 O 0 32-53|| 21) 493-6 3 | 770-2 25 8-97 || 27 492-8 28 769-3 | Oct. 5 4 0) 27-33 2 513-2 3 798-4 30 11-731 32 | 492-2 | 33 | 776-0 | Oct. 5 5 || 25 16-44] 27 | 501-6 || 28 | 853.2 35 15:99 | 37 487-6 38 786-0 30 16-53 || 32 505-9 33 854-9 | 40 19-37 | 42 489-7 || 43 786-0 45 20-61 || 47 507-6 || 48 856-7 | 45 22-50 || 47 491-6 || 48 782.0 | Oct. 5 6 0 25-31 2 505-2 3 849-6 50 23-27 || 52 493-5 || 53 774.3) Oct. 5 7 || 55 15-19 55 22-11 || 57 503-1 58 759-5 | Oct. 5 8 0 11-05 2 507-4 3 802.9 Sept. 18 12 0 19-93 2 515-0 3 737-2 5 3-01 7 523-7 8 783-7 | | 5 20-90 7 523-3 8 726-1 10 2-74) 12 535-9 13 771-4 | 13 10 23-16) 12 520-4 13 721-3 15 6:97 || 17 537-0 18 763-6 1 | 15 24.27 || 17 521-3 18 |, 704-4 20 11-47 || 22 523-8 23 762-9 20 24.67 || 22 519-1 23 707-1 25 10-01 || 27 624-1 28 752-5 | 25 26-22 || 27 518-0 28 708-5 30 11-32 || 32 516-2 33 751-4 30 26-86 || 32 516-4 33 710-0 35 13-17 || 37 506-7 38 755-3 | 35 26-33 || 37 513-5 38 711-3' | Oct. 5 10 0 19-67 2 506-0 3 766-3 | Sept. 19 6 0 | 25 19-29 2 509-0 3 838-7 | Oct. 16 10 0 | 25 12-36 2 549-3 3 828-9 Bit 20 9-99 | 22 508:5 23 854-5 5 18-68 7 544-0 8 826-8 25 8:03 || 27 512-6 || 28 858-4 10 21-28) 12 537-0 13 823-0 30 7°95 || 32 515-5 33 862-2 15 22-63 | 17 519-6 18 821-7 35 9-47 || 37 514-7 38 863-0 20 21-29) 22 514-0 23 819-5 y 40 9-27 || 42 510-9 | 43 861-7 25 17-41 || 27 521-2 28 815-4 a 45 8-53 || 47 510-0 || 48 860-1 30 15-88 || 32 B47/cBs. | 838} 810-4 hy 50 7-56) 52 513-9 5x8} 850-5 35 17-18 || 37 525-0 38 810-4 } F 55 6:47 | 57 516-3 58 852-8 40 17-76 || 42 523.5 || 43 810-4 | ft Sept. 19 7 0 6:68 2 518-3 3 851-4 14 15 6:03 == ea =e —————} . 20 7:02 || 22 520-7 || 23 848-3 | Oct. 17 2 0 | 25 18-41 2 492.4 3 901-7 | ; Sept.19 8 0 14-01 2 507-3 3 846-9 5 16-73 7h 503-1 8 898.2 | i Sept. 19 10 0 19-89|| 2 511-2 3 780:5 10 21-02) 12 505-2 13 900-6 | 4 10 23-36 || 12 501-3 13 774:8 15 20-40 || 17 506-0 18 901-6 Bi 20 20-20 || 22 515-6 23 762-0 20 21-24 || 22 505-8 23 900-2 | 25 18-99 || 27 517-9 28 755°5 25 22-32 || 27 506-4 28 899-8 q 30 15-00 | 32 521-6 33 757-6 5d 24.69 || 57 506-1 58 875:8 35 11-53 | 37 528-7 || 38 754.7 | Oct. 17. 4 0 25-32 ||" 2 508-5 3 884-6 | 40 10-48 || 42 537-9 || 43 (49 fe cameaies ae | ae 45 12-20 || 47 534-8 48 750-5 | Oct. 26 4 0 | 25 22.99 2 500-8 3 879-6 at 50 14-03 | 52 530-8 53 751-2 10 17-78 || 12 502-1 13 893-0 | 55 15-77 || 57 526-3 58 754-3 15 16-38 || 17 504-5 18 897-7 | Sept. 19 11 0 17-02 2 520-8 3 757°4 20 14-11] 22 510-8 23 897-6 | ee ee eee ee ee 25 14-36] 27 | 518-0 || 28 | 894.9 | 4 22 0 | 25 23-93 2 486-7 3 781-0 30 15-84} 32 522-1 33 892-6 mea 23 0 32-13 2 469-6 3 771-8 | Oct. 26 6 0 19-26 2 498-8 3 920-7 SS ee I E—_—E——_ BIFILAR. k=0:0001205. BaLance. k=0-000013 approximately. BiriLarn THERMOMETER. 62°-0 | GING ra qatar) Osu doan: [,08-0. BALANCE actwosaee} Sept. 184 11, Wease 18% 12), eee ee | 62 Oct ae2at, 58°:0 Sept. 182.105 50m, A band of auroral light, about 10° altitude, seen among the clouds to NNW. Sept. 18¢ 115 45m, Auroral light still visible, but very faint. Sept. 184 12h 40m, 'The aurora has now almost entirely disappeared. Sept. 19210 0™, Lightish to NNW. Auroral light ? Sept. 194 11 0™, All traces of auroral light have vanished, the sky nearly clear. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. is 70 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, OCTOBER 26—DECEMBER 8. 1843. DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. | BALANCE. eee Min.| ponding || Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading een Min. Reading || Min. Reading | Min. Reading 0 Reducers Cor- of Cor- | (OfMnl ei aducsain | mon Cor- || of Cor- Obs Obs.| rected. Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs. | rected. | Obs. | rected. ad. ih. m. o 4 m. Sc. Div. m. Mie. Div. day ons m. 2 y, | m. Se. Diy. | m. Mie. Diy, Oct. 26 6 1] 56 | 25 5-63 | Now. 2°01 °20))25 14-15 | 22 480-0 | 23 784-4 Oct. 26 7] 0 9-89] 2| 531-9 || 3] 9876.7 | 25 15-14] 27 | 476-9 || 28} 775-5 5 16-03 ii 524-5 8 873-9 30 13-08 | 32 504-0 || 33 762-0 10 18-84] 12 522-7 13 867-3 35 11-76 | 37 515-0 || 38 743-6 20 22-80 || 22 504-8 23 864-5 40 15-16 || 42 5142 | 43 738-8 25 20-81 || 27 498-4 || 28 864-9 45 17-20 || 47 496-8 || 48 729-4 30 19-80 | 32 498-7 33 866-2 50 17-71 || 52 492-5 || 53 731-4 | 35 19-24] 37 | 499-3 || 38 | 868-4 55 16-53 || 57 | 491-1 || 58 | 735-7 40 18-45 || 42 502-5 43 867-5 | Nov. 2 12 0 14-46 2 491-0 3 737-1 Oct. 26 8 0 20-34], 2 508-3 3 861-7 5 12-68 a 492-9 || 8 726-2 Oct. 26 9 || 55 0-67 || 57 505-2 58 835-4 I Oct. 26 10 0 1-14 2 507-2 3 834-1 | Nov. 2 22 0 | 25 21-10 2 498-0 || 3 | 825-5 5 2-25 7 506-4 8 835-5 15 22-25 || 17 496-8 18 827-1 10 3-68 || 12 505-0 13 836-3 | Nov. 2 23 0 24-94 2 495-0 || 3 821-2 15 4.93 17 505-0 18 835-2 | Nov. 3 0 0 26-45 2 493-5 3 837-7 20 5-94 |) 22 508-7 23 833-0 | Nov. 3 1 0 27-61 2 503-6 || 3 54-8 25 6-89 || 27 507-2 28 830-7 | Nov. 3 2 0 25-51 2 503-7 3 859-6 30 7.53|| 32 | 509-8 || 33 5 | Nov. 3 6 0 21-28] 2) 5144 3 | 840-8 35 8-46 || 37 511-8 38 826-6 | Nov. 3 7 || 30 17-20} 32 508-0 40 9-32] 42 511-6 || 43 824-1 | Nov. 3 8 0 13-71 2 517-6 3 836-5 45 9-94 || 47 512-7 || 48 818-7 10 15-74 || 12 514-5 13 828-8 50 10-06 |) 52 512-1 53 815-5 | Nov. 3 10 0 21-05 2 510-2 3 832-6 | — | 10 20-84 ; Oct. 27 0 OA 25) 125-902 493-9 3 850-1 i ae ‘| Oct. 27--1../. 10 22-08 || 12 488-5 13 866-4 | Nov. 13 8 0 | 25 15-30 2 502-6 | Octe=27, 12 0 24-17) 2 515-1 3 857-8 | 10 10-57 || 12 497-9 | ——= 15 8-86 || 17 507-6 | | Oct. 30 10 O | 25 17-76 2 507-3 3 854-1 20 10-76 || 22 504-3 10 19-10} 12 517-7 13 853-9 | 45 9-73 || 47 501-9 1 Nov. 13 10 0) 16-87 || 2 504-1 | 3 805-0 | Oct. 31 6 0 | 25 18-86] 2 513-8 3 846.2 8 aaa | | —-—~ Oct e387, 55 12-00 || 57 525-3 58 822-8 | Nov. 16 10 0 | 25 15-19 2 5045 | 3 | 882-3 | Oct. 31 8 0 12-27 2 525-2 3 823-0 | 15 16-53 10 15-36] 12 | 520-3 || 13 >» ~~ ~ 15 15-66 | 17 515-6 18 822-6 | Dec. 1 10 0 | 25 10-31 2 507-9 | 3 | 868-1 20 15-19] 22 | 514-5 || 23 ‘9 10 12-40] 12 | 507-6 | 13 | 867-6 30 15-64 || 32 510-0 || 33 “5 25 13-95 || 27 508-4 || 28 866-0 Oct. 31 10 0 17:88) 2 509-3 3 824-4 —. 10 16-06 12 | 510-6 | 13] 833-5 | Dec. 6 8] 0 | 25 19-37) 2| 511-8 | 3] 8520 a 8 | 506-7 | | | Nov. 2 10 On 720/72 511-6 3 830-2 | 10 10-80 || 12 512-5 | 13 851-1 10 13-30 | 12 | 505-3 | 13 | 833-1 | 15 10-09|| 17 | 515-5 |18 | 8541 15 12-67] 17 | 504-7 || 18 | 830-3 | 20 10-75 | 22 | 516-6 | 23 | 855-8 20 8-84 || 22 502-8 23 831-8 | 25 11-98 | 27) 9515-6 | 28 | 853-5 25 6-37 || 27 499-8 28 830-5 | 30 4-11) 32 513-5 33 860-1 30 4-75 || 32 505-8 33 825-2 | Dec. 6 10 | O 19-15}} 2 502-2 | 3) 850-2 35* 2-98] 37 | 513-8 || 38 | 819-7 | Dec. 6 11 | 25 11-22]. 27 | 513-1 | 28] 817.8 40 4.22 42 | 516-9 | 43 | 816-5 | | 30 11-76 | | | 45 5-78] 47 | 514-6 | 48] 811.9 | Dec. 6 12 | 20 15-05 | aay 50 6-30] 52 | 510-4 || 53 | 806-3 = aoa 55 6-23 || 57 505-5 58 800-2 | Dec. 8 6] O| 25 25:14), 2 | 510-62) 3 | 8748 | Nov. 2 11 0 6:27] 2 502-5 3 793-5 | 10 25-27]| 12 | 504-8 || 13 889-5 | 5) 7-42 7 502-9 8 788-3 | 15 24-58 || 17 5048 | 18 | 895-6 10 10-77 || 12 494-7 13 788-8 20 24-80 || 22 502-4 || 23 | 902-3 15 13-00 | 17 | 481-1 | 18 | 790-8 | 25 23-39) 27 | 501-1 || 28 | 898-1 ( { Birimar. Before Noy. 104, =0:0001205 ; after Nov. 102, t=0-0001300. BaLance. Before Nov. 134, £=0:000013 approximately ; after Nov. 13¢, s=0:000014 approximately. BirtLarn THERMOMETER. S 50 F 42°3 ‘ 49°] : 44o-4 BALANCE REET grea Orton wrens A SE TS ESS: 2012, | Yong? Dec. 62 114%, | 442-9" Oct. 26° 9" 50, Aurora in the form ofa low arch, 8° high, stretching from NW to N. At 10% 0™it was fainter. No aurora was visible at 9". Oct. 264 10% 55™, Aurora imperceptible ; the north is partially covered with clouds. Noy. 24 10h 30m, Milky like to N.; perhaps auroral light, but doubtful on account of moonlight. Nov. 18° 8h, he Balance Magnetometer not in adjustment. An auroral light to N. like the reflection of a great fire as seen below a thick mass of clouds. ae». EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 8—11. 1843. 7h ae we ser cn RE — es oe DECLINATION, BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION, BIFILAR, BALANCE. yottingen | Min.| poagine |Min.| Reading | Min.] Reading Se canee at | Min, Reading |/Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading OUP maqueedia | Oo Cor- | of Cor- OD meduceai | Of Cor- || of Cor- Obs. Obs.| rected. | Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs. | vected. |) Obs.| rected. Gh s m. o s m. Se. Div. || m. Mie. Div. degen. m. 2 4 m. Se. Div. m. Mie. Div. Dec. 8 6 | 30 | 25 22.05] 32 500-5 || 33 911-9 | Dec. 10 13 |} 5 | 25 11-19} 7 503-7 8 758-0 35 21-88 37 | 502-3 | 38 | 916-0 | 10 12-27] 12 | 504-9 | 13 | 791-3 40 21-91 || 42 501-2 || 43 916-0 15 13-17 || 17 505-7 || 18 790-6 45 20-88 | | 20 14-48} 22 | 509-2 | 23 | 792-4 Dec. 8 8i| oO 17-88 2] 5028 | 3] 947-9 25 15-37 | 27 | 506-6 || 28 | 793-0 Weedeater 49023: 8 954-9 30 15-52 || 32 503-9 || 33 795-4 10 13-61], 12 | 493-1 |) 13 946-7 35 15-56 || 37 503-3 | 38 797-1 15 12:43 || 17 | 502-1 || 18 | 931-0 40 16-38 42 | 500-4 | 43 | 801-0 20 15-12|| 22 500-6 || 23 923-0 45 16-91} 47 500-4 || 48 803-3 25 12-90 | 27 500:8 || 28 928-0 50 17-47 || 52 503-5 || 53 805-8 30 11-98 || 32 496-1 || 33 927-0 55 17-88 || 57 504-1 |) 58 806-3 35 6-57|| 37 | 501-7. || 38 | 902-8 | Dec. 10 14 || 0 17-20|| 2| 502-3 3] 802-1 40 10:85 || 42 502-7 || 43 893-8 45 15-79 || 47 501-4 || 48 883-8 | Dec. 11 6 0 | 25 22-72) 2 513-1 3 869-3 50 19-27] 52 | 497-9 || 53 872-0 9 520-0 9 866-0 55 25-68 || 57 491-4 || 58 860-7 12 20-60 Mee. 8 9 0 | 25 25-27) 2 475-7 3 851-8 15 21-95 || 17 514-4 || 18 870-4 5 | 25 18-85] 7 | 467-2 8 861-3 398 24-44 || 37 520-0 || 38 865-2 10 | 25 3-25} 12 478-7 || 13 854-1 40 25-14 || 42 520-5 || 43 865-1 15 | 24 57-12] 17 491-1 18 843-0 45 26-35 || 47 515-5 |) 48 865-4 | 20 | 24 56-15|| 22 494-5 || 23 841-8 50 25-12 || 52 514-9 || 53 864-3 | 25 | 24 54:91] 27 | 496-9 || 28 840-9 598 24-94 | 57 517-5 || 58 860-8 | 30 | 24 56-73) 32 503-3 || 33 841-0 | Dec. 11 7 0 23-50) 2 517-3 3 859-5 35 | 24 59-22 || 37 506-2 | 38 839-8 5) 23-10 40 | 25 2-53) 42 505-3 || 43 839-0 | Dec. 11 8 0 6-05], 2 530-6 3 867-9 | 45 | 25 5-73] 47 | 499-0 || 48 840-8 5 COM 76 529-0 8 865-0 50 | 25 7-26]) 52 | 493-5 || 53 844-5 10 8-51 || 12 529-8 | 13 860-0 55 | 25 7-62] 57 | 492-5 || 58 847-0 16 10-48 || 17 527-4 || 18 857-8 Dec. 8 10 0; 25 8-23] 2] 494.4 3 851-2 20 12-43 || 22 526-6 |) 23 855-7 5 | 25 10-34] 7 | 496-8 8 851-5 25 13-89 || 27 525°1 28 852-3 10 | 25 13-14|| 12 498:°5 13 853-1 30 15-41 || 32 525-4 || 33 848-5 <<. Dec. 41 10 0 19-34|| 2 510-6 3 852-5 | Dec. 8 18 0 | 25 22-55 || 2 530-7 3 816-0 10 18-06 || 12 507-6 || 13 856-4 | 15 23-29 || 17 529-7 || 18 815-5 i) 17-59 | 17 510-0 || 18 855-7 40 24-33 || 42 530-4 || 43 814-2 20 15-99 || 22 512-4 || 23 853-8 | ——— 25 15-16 || 27 513-3 || 28 855-2 | Dec. 9 8 0} 25 9-84] 2 527-3 || 3 852-5 30 15-02 || 32 514-6 | 33 853-5 | 5 12-80) 7 533°3 8 847-3 35 15-10 || 37 515-4 || 38 853-1 10 14-40 |) 12 536-2 || 13 839-6 40 13-89 || 42 516-5 || 43 849-2 15 13-93 || 17 529-6 || 18 842-5 45 12-45 || 47 517-1 || 48 845-5 20 10-52 || 22 521-4 || 23 841-6 50 10-58 || 52 515-3 || 53 847:3 25 8-20 || 27 528-8 || 28 836-7 59 11-05 || 57 518-4 || 58 844-8 30 7-48 || 32 534-8 || 33 832-3 | Dec. 11 11 0 10-83 || 2 516-1 3 845°5 35 10-25 || 37 533-8 || 38 833-8 5) 11-35] 7 514-5 8 845-0 40 12-60] 42 528-4 || 43 836-4 10 13-10} 12 521-3 13 837-9 45 15-72] 47 521-3 || 48 839-5 15 15-52 || 17 534-3 || 18 827-9 | 50 15:39 || 52 518-0 || 53 839-3 20 20-41 || 22 535-4 || 23 818-9 59 17-00 | 57 511-9 | 58 843-2 25 22-43 || 27 531-5 || 28 811-4 Dec. 9 9 0 17-96 || 2 509-7 3 845-5 30 23-68 || 32 521-8 || 33 808-0 5 18-43 || 7 509-5 8 846-5 35 23-32 | 37 | 511-1 || 38 806-4 Dec. 9 10 0 18-15]) 2 510-4 3 849-0 40 20-32 || 42 507-0 || 43 802-0 45 16-28 || 47 512-7 || 48 794-2 )) Dec. 10 12 | 50 | 25 11-87] 52 495-8 || 53 778-6 30 13-96 || 52 515-1 || 53 793-7 55 10-58 || 57 500-2 || 58 781-9 55 14-95 || 57 518-8 || 58 791-3 | Dec. 10 13 0 10-41} 2 503-7 3 783-0 | Dec. 11 12 0 16-01 2 5295-4 3 788-7 BIFiILaR. k=0:0001300. BALANCE. k=0-:000014 approximately. BIFILAR THERMOMETER. 46°°8 | 46°°8 | : 46°°0 | AGRO aay arin aon: BALANCE tee eee Dea Cs { Wye 5725 2 tar De {4626 eam a7} TS el { 48°°7 Dee. 104. (Sunday). It having been observed that the magnets were disturbed to-day, observations were commenced at midnight (Monday morning). Dec. 114 10 20™, Auroral light to NNW. 12 EXTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 11—28. 1843. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. Barance. | DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE, (ei Nie Na Min.| Reading | Min.) Reading | Min.| Reading ee rabene Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading || Min.) Reading Of Rcaniceas Minos Cor- of Cor- Ofer peat eaay alleon Cor- || of Cor- Obs. Obs.| rected. |} Obs.| rected. Obs. Obs.| rected. ||Obs.| rected. Cote chs m. : S m. Se. Div. m. Mic. Diy. da. th. m. G U m. Sc. Div. m. Mic. Diy, Dec. 11 12 5 | 25 17-72] 7 524-5 8 787-5. | Dec. 13 8 || 10 |} 25 15-19] 12 507-0 | 13 879-5 10 16-46 |; 12 525-0 13 781-5 | 16 16-37 || 17 507-7 || 18 878-8 15 13-91 || 17 525-2 || 18 779-0 30 17-07 || 32 507-5 |) 33 873-1 Dec. 11 18 0 21:29 2 505-7 3 826-1 | Dec. 13 10 0 21-28], 2 512-6 3 849:7 14. 20-60 10 18-55 |) 12 518-7 || 13 846-1 20 22-74. || 22 512-2 || 23 827-6 | 15 19-36 | 17 517-3 18 843-6 25 23-44 || 27 512-2 || 28 830-1 | 20 19-58 || 22 516-8 || 23 845-3 t 30 23-27 || 32 511-2 | 33 829-7 ah al ——— Dec. 11 19 5 19-09] 7 519-0 | Dec. 21 10 OF 225 218-55) ||mee 522-1 3 820-7 10 20:77 || 12 517-8 13 836-0 5 9-81 7 520-8 8 823-4 15 20-92) 17 515-9 18 836-6 10 11-44 |) 12 516-6 | 13 827-8 20 20-30 || 22 516-4 15 13-15 || 17 513-4 || 18 830-2 | Dec. 11 20 0 21-28) 2 518-9 3 834-0 | 20 13-79 || 22 512-6 || 23 831-2 | Dec. 12 21) O 27.87|| 2| 510-7 3 | 851-8 | 25 15:03 || 27 | 512-6 || 28 a | 20 29:39 || 22 499-9 || 23 865-6 | 30 14-78 || 32 513-1 ao 830-2 25 26-72 || 27 493-5 || 28 869-1 |} 35 14-11 || 37 516-6 || 38 827-5 30 24-28 || 32 498-1 33 872-0 | 40 13-41 || 42 519-5 || 43 $24.9 Bis: 24-10 || 37 498-6 || 38 876-2 45 13-00 || 47 519-5 || 48 $23-5 40 21-44) 42 | 499-8 || 43 876-3 | 50 13-08 || 52 518-3 || 53 822-7 45 20-88 || 47 505:°3 || 48 878-4 | 55 13-14 || 57 516-1 58 $23.4 50 20-57] 52 | 496-2 | 53 883-0 | Dec. 21 11 0 13-24}, 2 514-3 3 821-0 | 55 18-57 || 57 498-6 || 58 Dec. 21 12 0 16-98 || 2 516-2 3 818-4 | Dec. 12 3 0 17-14]; 2 505-1 3 ol | 5 W717 07") 510:2 8 | Dec. 26 23 | 0 | 25 21-24] 2] 510-9 3 10 18-82] 12 515-6 || 13 35 23-86 || 37.| 514-7 || 38 15 20-50 || 17 512-8 || 18 Dec. 27 0 0 22-65 || 2 513°5 3 20 20-75 || 22 512-8 || 23 | Dec. 27 6 0 20-81 2 503-1 3 Dee. 12 4 0) 21-98] 2 515-7 3 i 10 21-04 |] 12 501-2 | 13 10 23-70 || 12 | 512-3 | 13 15 20-68 || 17 | 501-3 | 18 | Dec. 12 6 0 14-78 || 2 517-4 3 20 20-85 || 22 504-1 | 23 | 5) 16-43 || 7 511-2 8 25 22-11 || 27 502-6 || 28 10 14:98 | 12 506-7 13 30 20-52 || 32 502-4 || 33 15 12-83 || 17 509-6 18 35 20-52 || 37 501-2 || 38 20 11-91] 22 513-3 || 23 50 19-61 || 52 504-3 || 53 25 10-18 || 27 519-2 || 28 Dec.227; 37: 0 20-58 || 2 512-3 3 30 10-88 || 32 522-9 || 33 Yn fae eee H1LS7 (115) le 7 514-8 8 35 12-68 | 37 519-0 || 38 10 23-06 || 12 512-3 13 40 12-48 || 42 517-5 || 43 15 23-70 || 17 511-4 || 18 45 12-61 || 47 514-0 || 48 20 23-32 || 22 509-3 || 23 50 14-51 || 52 511-3 | 53 25 22-45 || 27 507-5 || 28 55 14-98 || 57 512-9 || 58 30 21-04) 32 507-3 |} 33 | Dec. 12 7 0 15:23 |, 2 509-2 3 40 18-26 || 42 509-3 || 43 5 14-06|| 7 | 512-2 | 8 45 17-88 || 47 | 510-3 || 48 10 13-61) 12 | 513-0 | 13 50 17-38] 52 | 5123 | 53 15 13:30] 17 | 514-8 || 18 Dee. 27 8 | 0 17-92] 2] 513-6 || 3 20 15-02 || 22 512-6 || 23 > | Dec. 12 8 0 16-55] 2 506-2 3 Dec. 27 22 0 | 25 24-60] 2 511-7 || 3 | Dec. 12 10 0 19-39 || 2 513-9 3 30 24.99 || 32 512-7 || 33 15 16-01 || 17 512-1 18 Dec. 27 23 0 23-07 || 2 516-5 | 3 20 15-22] 22 511-4 |) 23 Dec. 28 0 0 23-07 | 2 511-9 |} 3 25 15-70 || 27 509-4 || 28 Dec. 28 -1 || 15 25-78] 17 511-0 | 18 30 16-13 || 32 508-3 || 33 | 20 | 26-40) 22 | 512-9 || 23 = 25 23-88 || 27 | 509-5 | 28 | Dec. 13 8 0 | 25 13-62]| 2 504-8 3 | 30 24-99 | 32 508-9 | 33 5 14:55} 7 507-3 8 35 26-62 | | Biritar. k=0:0001800. BaLance. k=0:000014 approximately. Brian THERMOMETER, 3°°0 2 7:0 FS Tiss faith Sy 3 53°1 BALANCE Teno at Lo { ae-9 res easy HENS {2803 SE {55-03 eta { Seca fe ACEO oon ay ieee eK (ly flat rei 2821 ’ Y 440-9" Dee. 124 2% 20m, c¢ seg. The Declination and Bifilay Magnets vibrating irregularly 2 to 5 Scale division. Dec. 21¢ 10%, Continued from the Term Observations. Dec. 27° 64. Waint Auroral light to N.? ExTRA OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETOMETERS, DECEMBER 28—30. 1843. 73 | DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. DECLINATION. BIFILAR. BALANCE. nee Min. Reading |Min.| Reading || Min.| Reading ‘ee Min. Reading Min.| Reading | Min.| Reading | of Redoocd of Cor- of Cor- of Bodusea of Cor- of Cor- i Obs. Obs.| rected. |} Obs.| rected. Obs. * || Obs.| rected. || Obs.| rected, meer licm. |) oe ase mel SeDiv, | ml Mic. Div. 7 Hea Svea (fier el m. | Sc.Div. || m. | Mic. Div. . Dec. 28 1 || 37 | 25 28-03)|| 37 510-9 38 851-7 | Dec. 28 2 5 | 25 27-40 a 511-3 8 876-6 | 40 28-72 | 10 27-22) 12 511-8 42 27-96 | 42 510-8 43 853-7 15 26-67 | 17 512-0 18 879-5 | 45 28-37 20 26-59 || 22 510-7 47 27-90 || 47 509-9 48 855-1 25 25-95 || 27 509-9 28 880-4 50 27-83 || 52 502-1 53 859-2 30 25-38 || 32 509-3 55 23-97 || 57 500-5 58 864-4 35 24-69 || 37 509-1 Dec. 28 2 0 23-32 2 506-0 *33 866-3 40 23-81 || 42 508-5 43 881-3 5 22-35 7 511-8 8 865-4 45 22-47 || 47 509-6 48 880-9 10 23-23 || 12 511-6 13 866-6 50 21-31 | 52 511-8 53 880-4 15 23-93 || 17 513-1 18 866-8 55 21:26) 57 514-4 20 25-39 || 92 | 510-5 || 23 | 869-3 | Dec. 28 4 0 21-4 2) 515-3 3 | 878-0 25 26-08 || 27 509-8 28 869-4 == 30 26-77 || 32 514-7 33 868-9 | Dec. 29 10 OR E2az12:50 2 508.6 3 837-9 35 28.52 10 13-84], 12 | 511-7 | 13 | 838-5 37 29-31 || 37 516-3 38 870-0 15 14-75 || 17 511-2 40 30-51 20 15-19 || 22 511-8 23 838-2 42 30-65 || 42 516-0 43 871-9 35 16-47 || 37 514-4 38 836-8 45 30-62 || 47 513-9 48 873-1 40 17-07 | 50 30-76 Ea Sal Se | 52 30-85 || 52 | 512.3 Dec. 30 10] 0} 25 15-22] 2) 514.2 3 | 849-8 55 30-74.|| 57 505-9 || 58 876-3 10 16-38 | 12 514-6 13 849-4 | Dec. 28 3 1| O 28-80 || 2] 507-6 25 16-60 27 | 515-4 | BIFILAR. k=0-0001300. BALANCE. k=0:000014 approximately. IFIGAR THERMOMETER alls) ooalsiqgn [i cecese | ere THERMOMETER. } hae { 47°°2° eter Rance oe tlh De elentinlie vtec ides fap eens MAG. AND MET, ozs. 18438, s MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY, 1843. *. A — a ES —_ al = Z cb — = ay (==) oD) a S pec ol = = ao i a) rial S 76 OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC Dip, JANUARY 2—APRIL 18. 1843. ve Dura NEEDLE. Face or Circie E. FACE OF CIRCLE W. = Mean Time, it one Mean, | YiBPINE|| Observed ie Middle of Oveer- || Num-| em-| Bad Mark on Needle Mark on Needle ie 2 Observation, |) vation.|| ber. | tae imine! E. w. E. W. 5 a. bh mil m. ° Wieetcaveae| Solar, Ry eae, ; aoe a1 8) Se | [an [fa eo sbo [2p a0 [so soe 23 a65 | soem] casey | sous | J3an, 6 6 0] 50 | 1 | 59] 1x | G5 a0 | 73 arot| oo 250 | 73 aa | 71 sia7y| +2987 | 71 2194 fon oan ae] as oa | ar | [A | ah no | 3 re" | 0b a | eb | FSS) anon a a1 Jan 18 7 5] 45 | 1 | 52 | 14 | G5 460 | 23 430 | 09 200 | 73 188 | 71 satay) $2600 | 71 2112 tons apa] wo) a [ion || ghd | te [09 3180 | TSE) sane ns ann | Jan. 20 3 5] 43] 1 | 58) 1k | 79 135 | 73 80 | 69 540 | 72 555 | 71 sarah) +2100 || 71 2295 7 JJen. 23.23 5) 70 | 1 | 56/12 | J ses | o9 44s | 72 960 | 60 260 | 71 1o7sy| +2275 | 71 2242 [3 son 25 20] or | 1 | ar [| #2888 Jen 0 | 72 ao0 | so8 | 88 ase | a ona |Jan. 30 2235] 25 | 1 | 57 i SAT i vest aren Wesipeee Pay Brat 735} | +2900 || 71 21-75 fron 5 aao) as | x | os [4B |B 20 [ab ars [22 Sta | 42s [Ht P88 | 1 aw fron ose 0] ao |x | on fA | 22 |B Be | 0 | 2320) T1382) onan mao fra, so 310] co | 1 | os [1B | #2 S02 | ts | a aoe |S 180 | 1 2381) soo! ma ao | Feb. 13 22 45|) 40 || 1 | 45 e orca Wohnen teat ae ou tee een Ren eet 421-38 || 71 29-31 Feb. 17 325) 28 | 1 | 55 11K | 7a Ss [oa a5 | 60 aso | 73 110 | 71 sr7aj] $2228 | 71 289 |¥eb. 2022 40) 48 | 1 | 47 | 15 | fo gos | o9 46 | 72 260 | 69 905 | 71 1scos] +2848 || 71 2548 Feb. 27 22 32|| 35 || 1 | 46 va Poe itera eens cies eee Ree an weee +2487 || 71 22-19 jaar. 3530] 40 | 1 | 54/13 [73 roo | o9 a0 [72 260 | 69 128 | 71 11a9f| +2950 || 71 22-00 aa 10- 3 a0] co | a | so |B | 9s [8 488 | dao | 88190 | FS) aos | rs as as. 18 20 36} so | 1 | ao [4B | 8 | tee | $60 | aes | S888) orao| rs soa |Mar.17 320) 35 |} 1 | 47 a Ce to Eo aoa Be eet fests | Ee eae +2300 || 71 21-25% str a0 28 of os |x | ao [fA | 48 | ars [0303 G8 | FS86at) acy | ano wat 10] as Ja | ox [HR | HS |B | aes Teo ee aes | ona Jame 325 of oo | a | a Jf | ore [02 | ecto [0258 | Ser uo | a fare 7s of am [a Joo [A | Bits | 239 hes | 49 | Feet oo | naar [Apr.10 23.15] 45 | 1 | 36 a FO RWes cael ids cag tester lea sees] +2663 71 21-94 sors sao] om fc] an | fA | 88 [2 863 | 07333 | TEN as |r aon soeas oof as [a | oo [FR | 8 fe [8 38 | 28393) ae) aces or sa * Observations considered good. + Observations considered bad or doubtful. Jan. 164 22", In changing the poles of the needle the wrong end was at first taken, so that .A. north was strengthened ; the poles were = ° i . wards reversed. OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC Dip, APRIL 21—AvugGusT 7. 1843. nea Nesp. | | Fackor Cmome §, | Facr or Cincuz W. a Mean Time, on : A.dipping| Opecmvea | SSI Middle of ee ee tame ad Mark on Needle Mark on Needle Mean. ry Pees iyo. 32] ee atone ture, | ping. |B: Ww. E. W. - S| Ment 30) wo | a | or | [a Se [eee [22 are | es | 21 stam sesa0| a snr | feel [far Rm fe B ao ae aes | Hate aoe | aon | mort fff Ries [S082 |B eee (ae aes | ST anre| nae May 5 325/ 45 | 1 | 53 |e | 73 025 | 69 sis | 72 350 | 69 110 | 71 1000; | +2762 | 7 2981 |) W May 152245) 83 | 1 | 45 | 1. | 7a “85 | 73 305 | 60 ato | 73 185 | 71 asap | +9200 | 72 2842 | w May 20 3 0 1 | 51 {5 | 73 165 | 69 32.0 | 72 365 | 69 150 || 71 1000f | +2550 | 72 2275 | w apse sas] co] x [ss fo | Bie eb aro | aeo ae 3s | 1000 sean ns soa] |May 30 23.15] 60 | 1 | 48 eulees oN ee Se eee al eagle aout +27-37 || 71 21-69% | W foun 2 sao] os | 1 | so JR |e [S282 aro Bea F888 coors. nase | w June 5 2235| 40 | 1 | 48 ‘3 De Ae ae wee cence Wen i2e7t | +2625 | 71 26-00t |). B [June 9 340) 52 | 1 | 56 vi eee ment calco enna sime lit seast 423-87 | 71 97-19] W June 9 23 30| 6o | 1 | -.. \p TB sl ea ae +8225 | 71 21-501] W | focss on co] | a | [FR | aes [SORE |B se Fee tar | wee] | “|imneis 3 50] 52 | 1 | 76 & BoP GWCrRS He cer ese Mou ce gst | Ro287, [em an-s w eye] || 2s eee | ae [BS [Esse [a oar | fomezs 710] 20 | 2 | 74 115 | 73 550 | 69 200 | 72 305 | os 305 | 11 saof| +2087 | 71 2340") B Ppess sess] so | | oo [RB io So s0mr/ ds S38 BL ore ns onie | w| Ppsuseso sof [oa | our Hh |e | ee eee | ee ee ass |x aoa | Ppsay 52550] co | |r [| He |S Sta |S ora" SAL soo) ns asa] Ppiay 102s 20} oo | | ro [ft | $8 | ie |e he |e | TT ae | 2oee | | Hpoy sas] oo | 1 | re [| a8 | oe | ao |e aes | a sseo| meow | Ppsar es 50) as | 1 | or {8 So aee | 8 | a5 toe | aes | 708] ase os soit 3 | Macy 25 0 as] so | a | coy Hh | 388 | ats | 8a ae ato | Feel aco wu ero | w foal 26 210] eo | 1 | 66 | ie | oe Oo | bo ano | 72 460 | 68 so | ri inast| +2525 | 71 2987t |B | ey 22 5 50 1 | 14h | 69 400 | m4 60 | 68 503 | 74 a5e| 71 a2soy | +2753 | 72 2869 | W Pte 1 4 of iso | 1 | o2 | 15 [93 58 | bo aro | s9 40 | Go 200 | m1 inary) P2873 | 71 2008] B | Ppace + scof os fox | ne [JR 2 abs [0 Bea |e te | ao aes | Bed) agar | 2 ane] w | Aug. 723 of co |-1 | 65 \e SPs nese edeegeae drt eG, 420-13 | 71 2349 || W * Observations considered good. + Observations considered bad or doubtful. May 304, The Dip instrument was removed from the Magnetic Observatory to the wooden house erected for it and the extra declinometer. See Introduction. June 54—Sept. 12. The Dip instrument during this period worked imperfectly, chiefly in lifting the needle. See Introduction for details. MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. U 78 Gottingen Mean Time, Middle of Observation. dian hs Aug. 14 23 Aug.18 8 Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 22 I Sept. 4 23 | Sept. 8 8 | Sept. lOct. 6 3 m. 45 OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC Dip, AUGUST 14—DrEcEMBER 29. 1843. Dura- tion of Obser- vation. im. 120 40 60 55 45 95 50 55 100 60 70 48 NEEDLE. FAcr OF CIRCLE E. FACE OF CIRCLE W. Naim: Tem- End Mark on Needle Mark on Needle ber. | Pera- | dip- ture. | ping. E. Ww. E W. i ai i 73 36-5 | 68 51-0 || 73 5-0 | 68 51-0 A || 69 42-5 | 73 30-0 || 69 56-0 | 73 35-0 ' 73 ie 69 41-0 | 73 35-0 || 69 41-0 | 73 30-0 B | 73 16-5 | 69 26-5 || 72 44:5 | 69 17-0 : 57 f{B | 73 12-0 | 69 17-5 || 72 50-5 | 69 17-0 \A || 68 45-0 | 74 13-5 || 68 59-5 | 74 13-0 i “9 ie 68 36-0 | 74 10-0 || 68 56-5 | 74 22-5 B | 73 58-5 | 67 42-5 || 73 16-0 | 68 14-0 ; 66 i 74 4.0 | 67 32-5 || 73 22-0 | 68 20-0 A || 69 40-5 | 73 20-0 || 69 46-5 | 73 35-0 ; 66 a 69 44-5 | 73 27-5 || 69 41-0 | 73 33-5 B || 73 21-0 | 69 40-0 || 72 58-0 | 69 11-5 i #3 v 73 22-0 | 69 36-0 || 72 53-5 | 69 11-0 A | 69 37-5 | 73 31-5 || 69 35-0 | 73 41-0 ; na 5 69 33:0 | 73 31-0 || 69 34.5 | 73 44-5 B | 74 3-5 | 68 32-57 |] 73 25-0 | 68 21-0 \ "5 a 73 49-0 | 68 19-0f || 74 3-5 | 68 44.0 A || 69 49-5 | 73 15:5 || 69 51-5 | 73. 6-0 i 66 fe 68 11-5 | 72 54-0 || 68 29-5 | 73 8-0 B || 75 6-0 | 69 47-0 || 75 16-5 | 69 55-0 5 53 a 71 56-0 | 71 10-0 || 71 49-0 | 71 21-0 A || 70 9-0 | 71 50-5 || 70 8-5 | 72. 6-5 i 56 ie 75 10-0 | 69 54-0 || 75 13-0 | 70 0-0 A || 68 16-5 | 73 17-5t]|| 68 17-5 | 73 27-5 5 55 e 70 6-0 | 71 57-0 || 70 17-5 | 72 5-0 B || 71 59-0 | 70 56.5 || 72 4-5 | 71 0-0 i 40 ‘e 68 22-5 | 73 5-5 || 68 8:0 | 73. 8-0 B || 74 29-0 | 69 47-0 || 74 35-0 | 69 51-5 ‘a 74 34-5 | 70 3-7 || 74 23-8 | 69 58-6 J A | 68 32-6 | 72 58-3 || 68 25-7 | 72 55.4 i 71 55-1 | 71 16-2 || 71 55-4 | 71 13-0 2 A | 70 49-5 | 71 59-2 || 70 39-0 | 71 46-3 . 71 49-0 | 71 25-5 || 71 38-3 | 71 19-9 2 A | 70 53-5 | 72 21 || 70 40-3 | 71 406 9 49 e 70 50-0 | 72 1-5 || 70 37-5 | 71 38-5 B | 71 34:0 | 71 22-5 || 71 44-5 | 71 17-0 5 50 \ 71 51-0 | 71 15-6 || 71 42-9 | 71 12-9 A || 71 5-2 | 71 42.0 || 70 55-3 | 71 35-3 9 39 ‘3 70 47-0 | 71 52-5 || 70 49-0 | 71 53-7 BW 7a 57-2) 1-71 16-0 N71 48-3 | 71 2:3 5 48 ‘A 71 52-0 | 71 16-0 || 71 47-5 | 71 2-5 A | 70 30-5 | 72 27-0 || 70 6-0 | 71 51-5 5 Ae ‘3 70 28-0 | 72 24-0 || 70 7-0 | 71 51-0 B | 71 56-5 | 71 18-0 || 71 44.5 | 71 4.0 é Ne (BN 7a 58:07 nel 2055 0al740150-0).|\ eral. 850 \A | 71 5-5 | 71 59-5 || 70 45-5 | 71 36-07 9 eG fA || 71 5-5 | 71 59-0 |] 70 51-0 | 71 40-0 | WB 72> 5-O0Ls a7 22:Omi le 75320 ez d co 9 49 {B | 72 6-0 | 71 20-0 || 71 45:5 | 70 59-5 \A | 70 47-0 | 72 14-0 || 70 26-0 | 71 43-0 9 ar ie 70 54:0 | 72 13-0 || 70 23-0 | 71 40-5 B | 71 55-5 | 71 29:5 |) 71 37-5 | 71. 8:0 | 9 | ag | JB | 72 5-0 | 71 30-5 || 71 43-0 | 71 4-0 ~ | (A | 71 6-0 | 71 59-0 || 70 39-0 | 71 27-0 | i 4” fA | 71 8-0 | 72 3-7 || 70 42-9 | 71 2607 | 7 \B || 72 7-0 | 71 28-0 || 71 44-0 | 71 4-0 Mean. ee Observed B. dipping. Dip. Ht SST) «sao 71 asar a inet | 25-63 || 71 23-94% us ae + 43-50] 71 9-50+ uf Bea + 45-88 || 71 12-56+ te reat + 19-00|| 71 27-12+ as Shes + 20-63) 71 25-94* ee ee + 30-25 || 71 20-62 a ee + 16-75|| 71 22-254 a Foot — 110-37 || 71 35-94+ a aus — 30-38] 71 18-81+ ie ce, — 104-50 || 71 42-00 ut aah — 23-63] 71 18-19 oe ines — 39.62|| 71 25-81 ibe rea — 92-15 |] 71 29-08 oe fecal — 16-42]| 71 26-71 bs ieieh — 14.05 || 71 26-15 a 29.30¢ | 12-63 || 71 23-19* a faa — 11-15 ]) 71 25-02 a speek — 10-40 || 71 25-75 as terete — 15-75|| 71 21-62 ‘i oak — 18-25 71 21-62 z 21.62} | = 12:50 | 71 27-87 bs ea — 13-88] 71 30-814 eae Tel se6i alec os seat — 15-00) 71 25-12 rT gest | 1787) 71 26-69 71 20-32\11_ 15.43] 71 28.03% 71 35:75) | Observer’s Initial. * Observations considered good. + Observations considered bad or doubtful. Aug. 184 8h, Sept. 124—Oct. 64, Oct. 9°—Nov, 204, Nov 24¢ 3h, A first attempt to change the poles of the needle failed, probably from the wrong end of the needle being taken. The dip instrument and needles sent to Messrs Adie and Son, Edinburgh, to be adjusted. The observations in October were so unsatisfactory that they were discontinued for some time. Before this observation the instrument was levelled, as it was previously slightly out of adjustment. OBSERVATIONS OF ABSOLUTE HORIZONTAL INTENSITY. MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY, 1843. 21. 1843. OBSERVATIONS OF ABSOLUTE HorRIZONTAL INTENSITY, AUGUST 11 80 “UM LAWOLANSVIT UV TAT 9°19 Gols ' 80S98SF-0 || SOTPOG0'S || ZOEZOO-O+ 4] F164 | e.gpe |( 9680001 P19 | PGIS B19 | SSIS ANG Q: esecoop-o || spszser-s | cozzoo-0+ «| 21) | Pete |) arZ000-1 @19 | S615 L19 | 0-61¢ 86ES6Sb-0 | £92908 | ¢¢¢z00-0+ RG mere |¢ tso00-r . 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“VISURIY, “MOTPEIQTA “qISUeLy, | | “sISURI PAI 9 00g sewyy | -emom | — -209 jo uo jo WOTPeIGLA jo "MOHRIQTA | Suto “yo | MOTPeIGIA jo |" WOLRIGT A Suypeoy ueoyy | -soyy, | Surpeoy | — owry, Jo OWL, oun, JOON aunty, goON |) gooury, oul, 4 feu | ae 27e ‘UCLANOLINSV]Y UV IAT "AM ONIAONW LONOVI JO TTOg ‘Nh ‘G DNIAON LANOV]T 10 210d ‘N i H ‘NOILVUGIA AO ANI, AHL YO SNOILVAUASIO DAILY METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY, 1843. i . Pa i. ra j i § ty i i i, ; . i 4 ie 4 ie 1a | i rs | a | a | La | # , MAG. AND MET. oss. 1848. 86 DaILy METEOROLOGICAL ter THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Re Quan- Mean Time Rain tity of SAMS ' Max. |lGaver.| P2S8"Fe- | Direction of | Clouds moving from of Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. Wet. Diff. and Min. M Wind. Clouds ax. | Pres. doh m. in. 2 iy ° co in. Ibs. lbs. 0-10. {| Jan. 120 O 29-883 || 31-0 28-4. 2-6 37.6 1-2 | 0-0 7.5 23 0 904. || 32-0 29.2 2:8 99.8 0-007 0-5 0-2 NW by N. NNW. 5-0 Janse 2a 2 0 892 || 34-8 31-7 3-1 12 | 0-2 NNW. 2-0 5 0 925 || 31-4 29-1 2-3 0-1 0-0 N by W. 2-0 20 0 29-943 || 26.8 25-8 1:0 34.9 0-2 | 0-0 10-0 23750 929 || 31-7 30-4 1-3 20-8 0-003 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 Jan.) 23's-2)50 845 || 34-8 33-7 1-1 1:0 | 0:5 SSW. 10-0 5.60 802 || 35-2 | 34-1 1-1 ape Ade 10-0 20 O 29-385 || 41-0 38-2 2:8 44.9 3-0 1:5 W. 10-0 PByen (0) 476 || 37-2 34-1 3-1 26-5 0-117] 2° 1:5 W by §. 0-8 Jani 1472570 506 || 39-9 35-8 4-1 3:0 | 0-5 W by N. 3:0 5 0 475 || 36-5 34-2 2:3 1:8 | 0-8 W. 1:5 20 O 29-442 || 35-6 | 33-1 2. 41-4 3:0 | 0-2 W. 8-0 23 +O 580 || 34-0 31-2 2-8 34.0 0-021 1-2 1-0 NW by N. 0-2 Janeen ae) 659 || 36-8 32-6 4.2 2-2 | 0-8 NW. 0:8 By 0) 738 || 35-8 32-3 3:5 2-0 1:5 NW. NNW. 1-0 20 O 29-834 || 34-7 32-8 1-9 37.0 1-2 | 0-0 10-0 j 235.10 787 || 35-3 34-5 0-8 28.8 0-025 0-5 | 0-5 SW by W. 10-0 Janve 76" 22 0 652 || 40-1 | 39-2 | 0-9 1-5 | 0-8 | SW by W. sw. 10-0 5 0 578 || 43-9 | 43-9 | 0-0 1-2 | 0-8 | SW by W. W by N. 2-5 20 0 29-438 || 38-7 37-4 1:3 46-3 4:0 | 0-8 SW by S. WSw. 8-5 23240 336 || 40-4 38-0 2-4 33.9 0-021 2-5 2-8 | SW by W.v. WSw. 4-0 aehelgt 7h ede (0) 220 || 41-7 38-8 2.9 4-0 1-2 SSW. W by S. | 6-0 5. «(OO 174 || 36-1 35°3 0:8 5:8 | 0-5 SW by W. 10-0 | 41-2 Our | : Jan. 8 0 O 29.6 3:5 | 20 0 | 29-278 || 32-8 | 32.6?| 02 | 2, 0-2 | 0-2 | Woys. | 10-0 | 22 0 29-229 || 31:3 29-3 2.0 92.6 0-5 0-2 SW by W. 10-0 Jan. 9 0 O 29-077 || 34-7 34-1 0-6 % 0-650 3-5 2-2 SW. 10-0 2a) 28-960 || 38-1 36-3 1-8 3-5 1-0 SW. 10-0 4 0 28-846 || 37-7 36-8 0-9 3-8 2-2 SW by S. WSw. 9-5 6 0 28-688 || 38-1 37-1 1-0 3-5 1-2 SW by 8. 10-0 8 0 28-576 || 40-2 38-8 1-4 3°5 1-5 SW by W. Ww. 3-0 10 O 28-559 || 39-9 37-0 2-9 2:8 2-5 SW by W. 0-2 20 0 28-234 || 32-0 32-0 0-0 41-2 4-0 3-5 SW by W. 10-0 22 0 276 | 37-0 | 341 | 29 | Gon 5-0 | 4-8 | NWby Nv. W by N. | 10-0 Jans ol0710.730 415 || 37-0 33-1 3-9 0-092 5:8 | 4-1 W. | 9-8 2 0 476 || 34:8 31-0 3:8 6:0 | 2:8 | NWbyN.v. | -1-5 4 0 544 || 34-3 | 31-8 | 2-5 3-2 | 0-5 | SW by W. | 9.2 6 O 544 || 33-2 32-2 1-0 1-5 2-0 W. v. ; 0-0 8 0 563 || 32-9 | 29-7 | 3-2 2-8 | 20 | WbyS. | 0-0 10 O 541 33-0 31-2 1-8 2:0 2-2 W by S. v. 6:0 20 0 28-647 || 35-2 32-2 3-0 38.0 5°5 0-8 | SW by W.y. WNW? 6-0 22 0 687 || 32-6 | 30-2 2-4 30-7 0-5 | 0-5 W by 8. NW by N. 4-0 Jane sO) 5 681 || 34-7 32-3 2-4 0-000 1:0 | 0-2 W by 8. | 1:0 2a 651 35-4 33-2 2-2 1-0 0-5 W by 8. NW by N. | 1-0 4 0O 641 34-7 32-4 2:3 0-5 0-0 We? | 5:0 6 O 628 | 31-0 30:8 0-2 0-2 | 0-0 | 5:0 ts) 3} 684 || 30-5 vee vee 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 10 O 591 29-4. 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | i} Jan. 8¢ 20%, It is doubtful if the wet bulb was moist. Jan. 9¢ 1", By means of the rain gauge it was found that 6 inches of snow was equivalent to 0°65 inch of water. Jan. 11¢ 8h. The wet bulb read higher than the dry bulb, although the former was moistened and the water frozen. In future, when the dry bulb reads below 32°, and the wet bulb reading is not given, it is from this cause. OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 1—1]. 1843. 87 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. . Linear cirri radiating from NW. to SE.; loose cumuli on E. horizon. . Woolly cirri pointing from SE. + curl cirri to SW. pointing from NE., cumuli and linear cirri to SE. . Linear cirri to W. pointing N. by W.; cum. on the horizon from NE. to SW by S.; some patches of scud . Patches of woolly cirri + loose cumuli nearly as before; linear cirri to W. pointing N. and 8. [to E. . Cirrous clouds 2 Id; linear cirri. . Semi-fluid-like mass of cirro-stratus. . Scud, &e. . A bank of cirro-stratus to E., loose cumuli on Cheviot. . Seud. Id. . Scud, &c., linear cirri. . Cumuli to E., bank of cirro-stratus. . Cumuli and cirrous clouds to E. and NE., a few cirro-cumuli to S. . Loose cumuli and scud. . Cirrous clouds; red to E.; clouds breaking. . Homogeneous mass of cirro-stratus. . Scud + long cumuli on E. horizon; cirrous clouds above; breaking to S. Id. + cirrous clouds, linear cirri to W.; misty rain lately. Tid. +- id.; a few drops of rain. Id. Id. + loose cumuli on E. horizon, linear cirri to S. . Raining heavily. About 9" snow began to fall, and on the morning of the 8th about 6 inches had fallen. . Cirro-stratus. . Cirro-cumuli and linear cirri. . Cirrous clouds ? . Homogeneous cirro-stratus. Scud +~ finely reticulated cirri, pointing from NNE. and SW. . Scud, &e. weld. . A few patches of scud. . Snowing heavily—ceased in half-an-hour. . Light snow just begun. A little ago cirrous clouds seen above scud, which at 21" moved from W. by N., but now the clouds are quite homogeneous. The greater part of the snow which fell on the 7th and 8th . Scud + cirro-strati above. {has disappeared this morning. . Cirrous clouds and a few cumuli to E. . Haze and a few cumuli on horizon. . Patches of cloud to S. . Quite clear. . Loose scud. . Cirrous scud and loose cumuli; clearing off; some snow still on the ground. . Scud + fine linear and mottled cirri. . Scud and cirrous clouds. . Fine woolly cirri in zenith + scud on S. horizon. . A few patches of scud + linear, mottled and flame-cirri; linear cirri pointing NN W. and SSE. ; cirro-strati. . Sky nearly covered with cirrous haze. Lunar halo about 23° radius. . Nearly as before. Halo still seen. . Some cirrous haze? Halo more distinct and beautiful than ever. Se The clouds placed first have their motions given, the motions of those following the mark + are unknown; when more motions than one are given, the clouds to which they belong are placed in the same order, beginning with the lowest, and are likewise separated by colons. 88 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL : THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER. then fa Banos ae ae a ; ime sable ie ae ae Max. GaugE: Pressure. Direction of || Clouds moving from of Observation. OTLE CLEC Jie ° * land Min. ae. Wind. Clouds dy Vhs.) am: in. if in ° ee in. Tb. Tb. 0—10. Jan. 11 20 0 |) 28-625 || 22-1 | 22-1 | 0-0 35-7 0:0 | 0-0 3.0 22 0 660 | 22-0 | 21-9 | 0-1 | 556 0-0 | 0-0 a 5.0 Jan, 1250840 683 || 27-3 | 26-4 | 0-9 0.000 | 22 | 9:9 3-0 | 2 0 693 || 31-6 | 29-3 | 2-3 0-0 | 0-0 4.0 4 0 715 |) 31-4 | 28:9 | 2-5 0-0 | 0-0 8.0 6 0 718: 27-3:-| 26-2 | 1-1 0-0 | 0-0 1-0 3°40 720 || 25-6 | 24-4 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 10 0 695 || 24-1 | 23-5 | 0-6 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 20 0 || 28-029 || 33-9 | 33-8 | 0-1 | 31.6 23:0 SE. 10-0 22 0 || 27-909 || 34-3 | 33-3 | 1-0 | 59.5 3-5 | 3-0 | SEbyS. 10-0 | Jan. 13 0 0 | 27-864 || 35-6 | 34-7 | 0-9 0.200 || 22 | 93 SE. SSE? 9-8 2 5 || 27-837 || 37-6 | 35-3 | 2-3 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 4 0 || 27-850 || 35-6 | 34-7 | 0-9 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 6 0 || 27-874 || 34-2 | 33-7 | 0-5 0-0 | 0-0 WNw? 10-0 8 0) || 27-910. 34:2 || 33-5 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0 Ww. 10-0 10 O]|| 27-955 || 35-3 | 34-0 | 1-3 0-2 | 0-0 Nw ? 10-0 20 0 || 28-364 | 35-5 | 32:0 | 35 | ov 9 7.5 | 6-0 |NW by W.v. Ww. 10-0 22 0 403 || 34-2 | 32:3 | 1-9 | 55.6 4-5 | 25 | WNW.v. 3.0 |} Jan. 14 0 O 454 || 34-2 | 31-1 | 3-1 0.000 3-8 | 1-5 |NWby W.v. W by N Were 2 0 477 || 35-0 | 32-1 | 2-9 2.2 |0-8 | WhyS. W by 8 4-0 40 470 || 30-8 | 30-62] 0-2? 1-2 | 0-2 W by S. 4-0 6 0 465 || 30-3 | 30-22] 0-1? 0-5 | 0-2 W byS. 7.0 8 0 507 || 27-3 | 24-7 | 2-6 0-5 | 0-0 2.5 10 O || 28-525 || 26-6 | 24-0 | 2-6 0-5 | 0-2 WSw. 1:0 | Jan. 15 0 0 19-9 0-5 18 0 || 29-097 || 39-3 | 35-6 | 3-7 2-0 | 1-0 | Nby W. 10-0 20 0 2H6u ll 37-8 | 36-351) 155 |e. 15 {0-8 | Nby W. 9-8 2200 329 | 38-8 | 36-8 | 20 | |. 1:8), (1:0. |), Noby, W.- N by E | 7-0 | Jan.16 0 0 429 || 38-3 | 36-0 | 2-3 0-165 || £3 | 0-5 | NW by. N by W | 7-0 D0 516 || 39-9 | 36-8 | 3-1 1-5 | 0-8 NNW. 2.0 4/0 608 || 38-9 | 36-1 | 2-8 1-5 | 0-5 NW. N. 2.0 60 688 | 37-9 | 35-4 | 2-5 1:8 | 0-0 N. 5-0 8 0 756 WWiBd:3 Wosn all l-6 0-2 | 0-2 | NWbyN. 3-0 10 0 S00» 32:3 Wi tale2. | tet 0-2 | 0-0 0-1 18 0 || 29-810 || 35-0 | 33-2 | 1-8 0-5 | 0-5 Sw. | 10-0 20 0 772 || 36:3 | 34-9 1-4. 9.3 1:0 | 0-5 SW by S. 4 : | 10-0 22 0 750 | 38-5 | 37-1 | 1-4 | 99.3 2:5 | 2:0 | SW. SW by W. | 10-0 Jan. 17 0 0 739 || 39-8 | 38-5 | 1-3 ose oes SW by W. SWby W. || 10-0 2 0 725 || 41-3 | 40-1 | 1-2 SCA Hd NOK WS? WSW: WNW. | 9.9 4 0 752 || 40-3 | 39-6 | 0-7 0-8 | 0-2 | SW by W. WwW: NW. | 9-0 6 0 764 || 43-0 | 41-8 | 1-2 0-2 | 0-0 W by §. | 7.0 8 0 777 | 42-9 | 41-3 | 1-6 2.5 | 0-2 | SW by 8? | 60 10 0 812 | 44.2 | 428 | 14 1.0 | 1-0 |SW by 8.v W. | 98 18 0 || 29-915 || 44-3 | 43-8 | 0-5 1-5 | 0-8 | SW by W. WSW ? | 10-0 20 0 922 | 43-7 | 42-9 | 0.8 15 | 0-5 | SW by W. WSW: W? | 80 45-2 we (ed 290 938 || 44-5 | 42-9 | 16 | 39.69 2.0 | 1:8 | SW by W. | SW : W. 7.0 Jan. 18 0 0 960 | 46-3 | 43-9 | 2.4 leone ee sw. | WSW. | 9-9 2° "0 983 | 46-2 | 44-7 | 1:5 | 3-0 | 1-2 | SWbyS. | W. | 9.0 Jan. 114 20h 15™,) he difference of the dry and wet bulbs = 0°4. Jan, 15°18), The maximum temperature of yesterday was attained this morning, the maximum was therefore lost, and there was no minimum, as the temperature rose during the night; at 154 6b the temperature was 27° 4. Jan. 174 18h. The index of the minimum thermometer was at 36°4, which was probably the temperature at setting yesterday morn- ing; the minimum given is from the dry bulb reading at 17¢ 44, as the temperature was probably not below 43° during the night. ae | OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 11—18. 1843. 89 SPECIES OF CLouDs, &c. Observer’s Initial. . Linear cirri pointing NNE. and SSW., cirrous haze. . Patches of mottled cirri + cirri as before, but so thick to S. that the sun’s rays project but a faint shadow, a line of small cumulo-stratus to N. . Thick cirrous clouds to SE., fine curl, woolly, and linear cirri, the latter pointing N. and S, ? . Flame, woolly and reticulated cirri, the latter pointing N. by E. and S. by W,, cirrous clouds and cumuli . Woolly cirri; cirro-strati and cumuli on NE. horizon. {on horizon. A few linear cirri to E. pointing N. and S. Quite clear, Id. . Snowing. The wind has been very high during the night, but the vane of the Anemometer has been frozen up3 the present force might be esti- . Sleet. {mated at about 5 Ibs. . Scud + thick cirrous clouds, very hazy to E.; sky in patches to SW. . Homogeneous, except a few cumuli to S. Beginning to snow. Scud. Id. Id,; occasional patches of sky. Scud + cirrous clouds to E. . Woolly and contorted cirri; snowing to N. and E.? surface of the ground freezing. . Woolly cirri + fine linear cirri pointing WNW., cumulo-cirrous clouds. — id. id. loose cumuli on NE. horizon, cirrous scud to S.; sky red to N. and NE. linear cirri to W. lying N. and S., haze to S. Thin woolly cirri. Thin cirrous clouds on horizon; beautifully clear evening. 44dddeud degdddau se4eaaaq | Dark woolly-like clouds. . Raining since 18" 30™ scud; sky to NE. and SE. . Scud + cirrous clouds and loose cumuli to S. and on NE. horizon. . Thin scud +— woolly-edged cumuli. Loose cumuli on N. horizon, woolly cirri and woolly-edged cumuli to Patches of scud + loose cumuli to N., cumulo-strati to S. Scud, clearing off rapidly. Woolly cirri, a range of cumulo-strati to SH. . A small patch of woolly cirrus to SE. Clouds homogeneous. Id. Scud, moving rapidly ; ligh* rain. ; : fof rain. Loose strings of scud, very low and moving rapidly : thick scud, slowly + cirrous clouds ; occasional drops Thin scud : thick scud + cirrous clouds; large banks of white clouds to SH.; clouds blue to E. Scud + cumulo-strati to 8. Scud and cirrous clouds, Scud. Wind in gusts, Seud. Cirri chiefly linear, A coloured lunar corona, the innermost colour is a bluish-white of about 2 diameters in breadth, next yellow of # diameter, next a brownish or reddish colour of # diameter, next light-blue 14 diameter; the corona becomes elliptical, the major axis lying in the direction of the linear cirri which are probably a principal cause of it; red is afterwards seen to the outside of the blue and the inner red becomes yellowish or orange: the appearance of the clouds is very strange, the mass of clouds from the zenith to the SE. is a kind of cirro-cumuli, all which, in a radius of 30° from the SE. is intensely red; the clouds over the whole sky are more or less tinged with red. 92. Scud: cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri+-lincar cirri to E. pointing N. by W., masses of loose cumuli on E. horizon, cumulo-strati to N. 0. Cirrous scud, mottled, linear, speckled, and contorted cirri, large woolly cirro-cumuli, the clouds have a strange appearance, the scud seems spreading out into a sort of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirro-strati. 2. Scud + woolly, mottled, and striated cirri lying E. to W., loose cumuli on E. horizon, cumuli-strati to N. Buber ge oe. vale als! MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. “ 90 Datty METEOROLOGICAL ; THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen ere is Quan- Ny 5 vAIN i te, ae Niger D : Max. Give Presrute: Direction of Clouds moving from a Observation. See ete Dy, Wet. Diff. and Min. M Wind. Clouds. ax. | Pres, d. os Lake peel in. ° © 2 Gq in Ibs. Ibs. 0—10. Jan. 18 4 0 || 30-002 || 47-1 | 45-5 | 1-6 2:0 | 0-8 SW. W by S. 9.0 6 0 044 || 46-9 | 45-3 1-6 1:8 | 1-0 SW. 10-0 8 0 089 || 46-3 45-4 0-9 1-2 | 0-5 SW. 10-0 10 0 122 || 46-2 | 45-4 | 0-8 0-5 | 0-0 10-0 18 0 || 30-139 || 46-2 | 45-2 | 1-0 1-8 | 1-0 WSw. WSw. 6-0 90:0 174 || 45-6 | 44.2 | 1-4 46-7 1-8 | 0-5 WSw. 10-0 22 0 189 || 45-8 | 44.8 1-0 aid 0-5 | 0-5 | SW by W. 10-0 Jan. 19 0 0 196 | 46-8 | 45-7 | 1-1 jl o.006 | 975 | 0-8 | SW by W. WSW? 10-0 2 0 176 || 47-0 | 45-5 1:5 1:0 | 0-0 10-0 4 0 172 || 46-5 | 45-2 1-3 1:0 | 0-0 10-0 6a20 181 || 45-3 | 44-4 | 0-9 0-5 | 0-2 SW. 10-0 8 0 184 || 44-7 | 43.7 1-0 0-5 | 0-0 10-0 10 O 176 || 43-5 | 42-5 1-0 1-0 1:0 SW by S. 9.0 18 0 30-089 || 43-0 | 42-1 0-9 1-2 | 0-0 WSW. || 10-0 20 O 30-064 || 40-7 39-9 0-8 47-3 0-0 | 0-0 SW by W? 8-0 22 0 30-061 || 41-8 | 40-9 0-9 42.0 0-2 | 0-0 SW 9.5 Jan. 20 0 O |] 30-022 | 44-3 | 42.6 | 1.7 0.000 || 22 | 2-0 S by W. 8-0 2 0 29-995 || 43-2 | 41-6 1:6 0-2 | 0.2 SW by 8. S by W. 10-0 4 0 || 29-969 || 41-8 | 39.7 | 21 0-5 | 0-0 SSW. 10-0 6 O 29-951 || 40-0 38-0 2-0 0-2 | 0-0 Sby W? 7.0 8 0 || 29-930 || 34-7 | 33-8 | 0-9 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 10 0 || 29-909 || 33-0 | 32.3 | 0-7 0-0 | 0.0 0-0 18 0O 29-791 || 29-5 28-3 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 1-0 290 «OO 763 || 28-0 ahs 44.4 0-0 | 0-0 1-0 22 0 748 || 27-7 | «.. 96-8 0-0 | 0-0 5-0 Jan. 21 0 8 709 || 30-2 29.7 0-5 0-000 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 Qan0) 682 || 33-7 31-8 1-9 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 4° 0 662 || 35-8 | 33-0 | 2-8 0-8 | 0-2 | SW by W. SW. 9-0 6 0 678 || 34-8 | 33-0 1:8 0-2 | 0-0 SW ? 10-0 8 0 676 || 35-2 | 33-0 | 2:2 0-2 | 0-0 | 10-0 LOMO 674 || 36-2 34:3 1-9 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 43-5 Jan. 22 0 0 25.4 0-5 18 0 || 29-654 || 37-1 | 36-8 | 0.3 1-5 | 0-0 0-0 20 O 635 || 38-0 36-9 1-1 46-1 1-2 1-2 S by E. 2:0 22 0 628 || 38-9 | 37-5 | 1-4 36.0 1-2 | 0-5 S by E. SW?: NW2 9.0 2 : : ; . 5 rele cared a rane er | 4 0 489 || 44-1 | 41-6 | 2-5 1-2 | 1-0 S by E. Sby W: 8. | ous 6 0 wa es Age Bers ie Secale ol? calle (pe || eee 8 0 409 || 43-7 | 42-0 1:7 3-0 0-5 S by E. 10-0 10 O 362 || 44-0 | 42-8 1-2 2:8 1:5 8 by E, v. 10-0 18 0O 29-306 || 46-8 | 44-9 1-9 3°5 1-2 SSW. 8:0 20 0 325 || 46-9 | 45-3 I Gi ao 2:0 | 1-5 | SWbyS. Sy. 9.8 ton. 75 0) des ase |asa [£8 |? |g, [20 [os [arme | wore | a8 2 0 364 || 47-8 | 45-9 | 1-9 ; 2-5 | 0-8 | SW byS. 4 0 371 || 47-6 | 45-2 | 2.4 1:5 | 0-8 | SWbdyS. 6 0 379 || 46-4 | 44-0 | 2-4 10 | 0-8 | SWbyS. Sien0 400 || 44-7 | 42-6 | 2-1 15 | 1-2 | SWby8. 10 0 424 || 44-3 | 42-1 2-2 1:0 | 0-8 | SWbyS8. 18 0 | 29-446 || 44.0 | 42.0 | 2.0 25 | 2-2 | SW byS. Jan, 24104, The dry and wet bulbs, the maximum and minimum, and the standard thermometers, were placed to-day on the new re- volving frame, (See /ntroduction.) Seseneneeeanieeemeneneeeeee OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 18—24. 1843. es) _— eG SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Se ee 6 \ . Masses of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirro-strati + varieties of cirri; sky of a deep blue, the clouds have a bluish or greyish tinge. B . Clouds quite homogeneous. B - Dark; light rain. Ww . Light rain. W | . Scud, moving rapidly. D | Id.; light rain. D | Id., cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. W iY Id., nearly homogeneous. B | Id. Hf Id. B | Id., light rain. Hf . Clouds homogeneous, dark. W i . Cirrous haze, stars seen dimly; the moon rising red. BY . Scud, like a thin stratum of a semifluid pouring over the moon’s face. B | . Scud + the sky nearly covered with cirrous clouds and haze. BY Id. + fine woolly and silky cirri. W iI Id. + woolly cirri, loose cumuli on horizon from N. to E. W it Id. w | Id. + cirrous clouds to S. W | Id. + id. ; the scud covers all the sky except three-tenths to E. B ft . Stars seen indistinctly. W | Id. W | . Light cirri ; lunar halo at 174 50™. Ww iY Id. ; haze to E. and N., tinged with red to E. iStand’sioarsrosth “(uy . Linear and mottled cirri lying in strata from E. to W., becoming thick haze on all sides except to W.; fog, objects invisible at of a mile to B | . Hazy as before to E., fog clearing off. BY . Hazy round horizon. B | . Seud. W iI Id. W iY Id. B Id. B . Quite clear. . Linear cirri lying NW. to SE., loose cumuli on Cheviot. . Patches of scud on hor. : woolly cirri lying in strata from NW. to SE. . Nearly as at 22", clouds thicker. . Cirrous-edged cumuli. . Scud: mottled and woolly cirri moving very slowly. Raining heavily. Id. . Scud; rain; a flash of lightning seen ; clouds moving off. Id.; smart showers. Id. +- woolly cirri to E., loose cumuli to SW. Id. + woolly and mottled cirri. Id., moving quickly : cirrous clouds, slowly + fine cirro-cumuli to E. Id : Id.; smart shower commenced. . Scud to N. . Scud. q sss saun qa ssw ss . Scud ; cirrous clouds above ? 92 Datty METEOROLOGICAL Poy THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER,. ¥ Gottingen Bao. Quan- Mee SNe METER RaIn Pressure ‘ Clouds moving from tity of : Corrected lean Wet Diff Max. GAUGE, i Direction of § of Observation. BIO Cus 1+ land Min. ot Wind. Clouds. ax. | Pres. ds hee in. ° ° o) o in lbs. Ibs. 0—i0. | Jan. 24 20 O || 29-477 || 44.1 | 42-5 | 1-6 47.2 2:5. | 1-0 SW. WSwW. 10-0 22 0 530 | 45-0 | 43-0 | 20 | 443 1-8 | 1-5 SW. W by 8. 8-5 | Jan. 25 0 0 567 || 46-9 | 43-4 | 3-5 0.006 | 1:8 | 20 SW. W by 8. 9-5 2 0 569 || 47-5 | 43-5 | 4.0 3-2 | 1-8 |SW by W.v. Ww. 10:0 4 0 580 || 46-1 | 44.0 | 2-1 2.0 | 0-8 | SW by W? WNw. - 10-0 6 0 628 | 45-8 | 44-0 | 1-8 0-8 | 0-2 | SW by W. W by S? 8-0 8 0 620 || 46-8 | 45-1 | 1-7 1-0 | 0-8 | SW by Ww. 10-0 10 0 587 || 47-2 |'45-8 | 1-4 2-0 | 1-5 | SWbyS. 10-0 18 0 || 29-527 | 46-9 | 45-3 | 1-6 25 | 0-5 | WSW.v. WNW. 1-5 20 0 579 | 46-0 | 43-9 | 21 | yy 4 0-8 | 0-2 SW? WNW. 1-0 22 0 655 | 46-3 | 44-3 | 20 | aa5 0-8 | 0-5 Ww? WNW: WNW. 5-0 | Jan. 26 0 0 668 || 46-9 | 42-9 | 4.0 0.060 | 1:0 | 08 | WoyS. 10-0 2°20 669 | 46-8 | 41-9 | 4.9 0-8 | 0-5 | SW by W. W by N. 5-0 4 0 673 || 45-3 | 41-8 | 3-5 1-2 | 1-5 | SW by W. Ww. || 10-0 6 0 680 || 44.5 41-4 3-1 1-0 1-0 |SW by W. v. WNW. 10-0 8 0 644 || 43-2 | 41-3 | 1-9 1:8 | 0-8 | SW by W. 10-0 10 0 589 | 45-0 | 42-9 | 21 2-2 | 1-8 SW 10-0 18 0 || 29-425 | 50-0 | 48-7 | 1-3 6-0 | 2-2 SSW | 10-0 20 0 418 | 50-0 | 48-2 | 18 | 4 2.0 | 1-2 | SWbyS. WSsw. 7-0 22 0 382 || 49-5 | 47-7 1-8 42.9 3-8 | 2-8 SW. SW by W: W. || 10-0 | Jan. 27 0 0 363 || 49-9 | 48-1 | 1-8 0-000 || #8 | 4:2 SW. Wsw. | 10-0 2 0 319 || 49-2 | 48-0 | 1-2 5-2 | 4.5 SW. WSw. | 10-0 4 0 330) || 51°85 )),50°3: |2 125 4-0 | 0-8 Sw. W by S. | 9-9 6 0 333 || 55.2 | 51-8 | 3.4 2.2 | 1-8 SW. WSw. 9.9 8 0 293 | 54-9 | 51-6 | 3.3 3-5 | 2-5 SW. 9-0 10 0 292 || 53-9 | 50-9 | 3-0 2.5 | 28 SW | 8-0 18 0 || 29-154 || 48-8 | 43-0 | 5-8 9.0 | 7:0 | WNW. v. Ww. 0-5 20 O 167 || 47-3 | 42-7 4-6 5 Oulinas5) Varying. W. by N. 1-5 | 22 0 902 || 48-111 4310 | 5.0 | 0072 5-0 | 3-0 | WSW.v. V. 10-0 | Jan. 28 0 0 227 | 478 | 43-7 | a1 | 2°8 |, | 30 | 35 [SWoy Wer. W by S. | 10.0 : 2 0 185 | 47-5 | 45-4 | 21 5-0 | 3-8 | SW by W.v.| W by 8. | 9-3 4 90 193 || 46-5 | 42-8 3.7 6-2 | 6-0 WNW. v. WNW. | 3-0 6 0 293 44.9 40-9 4:0 8-0 2.8 WNW. WNW. 0-5 8 0 381 || 43-2 | 38-0 | 5.2 5.0 | 3-2 |NWby W.v. 0-0 10 0 439 | 42-9 | 38-0 | 4.9 6-0 | 5-2 | NW by W. 0-0 48-3 : Jan. 29 0 O . a0 4.8 18 0 || 29-121 || 47.6 | 43-1 | 4.5 5-0 | 3:0 | SW by W. WN. 1-0 20 0 104 | 46-3 | 42:0 | 4.3 54d 4-8 | 3-5 |SW by W.v.| Ww. 4.0 PPA (0) 109 || 44-8 | 40-2 | 4.6 46.4 7-2 | 8-2 | Wdby N,v. | W. by N. | 2:0 | | Jan. 30 0 0 110 | 47-8 | 41-6 | 6-2 * lo.ovo || 95 | 8:2 W.v. | W. by N. | 60 | 2 0 176 || 46-0 | 41-2 | 4.8 9-5 | 6-5 W. v. WNW. | 2.0 4 0 240 || 44.3 | 39-8 | 45 6-2 | 7-0 W. v. W. by N. 1.0 6 0 265 || 43-8 | 39-9 | 3-9 6-8 | 8-0 Nw. | WNW. | 0-5 8 0 317 | 43-8 | 39-4 | 44 9-8 | 6-0 NW. | 0-0 10 0 465 | 43-7 | 39.1 | 46 55 [18 | Whys. | | 18 0 || 29-499 || 42-0 | 40-4 | 1-6 25 | 1-2 sw. | 4.0 20 0 469 || 44.0 | 41-1 | 29 i 15 | 0-8 | SW by W. | W by 8? | 9.9 22 0 433 | 45-2 | 43.0 | 22 | 479 | 2-5 | 0-8 | SW by W. | SW by W. | 9.9 OBSERVATIONS, J ANUARY 24—30. 1843. SPECIES OF CLouDs, &e. Id. - Cirrous scud + mottled cirri; occasional drops of rain. Scud + beautifully mottled and striated cirri; cirro-cumuli becoming very thick to S.; the cirro-cumuli which cover the greater part of the sky lie in strata like fine snow-balls, in one place very distinct and separated from smaller ones by a sort of hazy edge, they get larger and more hazy to S.; the striated cirri are also of an uncommon kind, being like thick cirrous clouds lying in fine lines on the top of each other. Patches of scud + clouds of a thick, fibrous, woven, wavy texture, like a sort of cloth or matting; the line of hollows is from SSE. to WNW., giving a stratified appearance ; the fibres lie from WSW. or SW. by W., a few lines crossing from NNW. Pure and linear cirri in thick masses to NE., cirro-cumuli, also in strata; a few strips of sky to NE.; in a few minutes the cirri to N. point from WNW., there is a large bank of white cloud to W., below which the scud appears to come. . Flocculent and striated thick muddled cirri and cirro-stratus, moving slowly. Scud + cirrous clouds. Dark. . Masses of seud. Id., chiefly to E. + a few linear cirri to 8. Patches of scud: woolly cirri + linear cirri to NE. pointing NNW. ; loose cumuli and masses of scud to 8. . Thin woolly cirri covering nearly all the sky, linear cirri to 8S. lying E. and W. [the sky. Woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli +— linear cirri to E. pointing NNW.; a sort of cirrous haze covers most of _ Patches of seud ~ thick cirrous haze or cirro-stratus at 32 a bright spot was seen where the sun was, now it is quite thick and the sun invi- As before. [sible. Id. Id. Dark, scud. Scud + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli. [of sky. Scud, moving very rapidly and very low: cirrous clouds, moving slowly, very thick to E. + loose-edged cirro-cumuli to NW. ; occasional patches Thick scud. Id. ; light Scotch mist. Scud + cirrous clouds seen above. Id. + cumulous scud and cirrous haze to W.; very black to SE. Id.; _cirrous haze ? Id.; stars very dim. Patches of scud. Icke hazy to S.; wind varying from NW. to SW. Scud + cirrous clouds. Id. + idle; a few drops of rain. Td. + woolly cirri. Scud and cumuli + cirrous clouds to NW.; portions of rainbows seen since last observation. Scud. Clear; something like an auroral light to N., but no corruscations; a hazy cloud ? Id. Thin clouds shooting up from about WNW. Thick masses of cirrous-edged scud ; hazy to E.; stormy like. Patches of scud + haze and loose cumuli on horizon from §. to E.; faint linear cirri to W., pointing N. Seud ; occasional showers and rainbows. [by W.; occasional showers. Loose cumuli; passing showers. Id. Ids, rainbows. Small patches of scud ; cirro-strati on SW. horizon. Clear ; haze to S. Clear. Scud ? Scud + cirri and cirro-strati; clouds red to E. Patches of scud + a thick mass of cirrous clouds moving very slowly ; clouds blue-black to SE. 93 Observer’s Initial. we o Sad bsssew bd s srs Ss Sern sean Hosa was Soeur rssunw MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 2A 94 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL eee THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Bik Quan- Mean Time eer RAIN P : tity of Ee D Ww Diff Max. |/GauaGeE. ressure- | Direction of || Clouds moving from of Observation. Corrected. ry: ee ew jand Min. M Wind. | Clouds. ax. | Pres. Gy Ua bank in 2 : M : in. Ibs zi lbs. olen Jan. 31 0 0 || 29-366 |) 47-8 | 45-3 | 2-5 0.020 || 28 | 2:5 | SW by W. 10-0 2 0 279 || 49:0 | 47-3 | 1-7 : 2-8 | 2:0 | SW byS. SW. 9-8 4 0 225 || 50-2 | 47-7 | 2-5 4-2 | 2-5 SW. SW. 10-0 6 0 106 || 49-3 | 47-7 | 1-6 5-0 | 5-0 SW. SW. 10-0 8 0 102 || 50-8 | 48-2 | 2-6 7-2 | 4.0 SW. SW? 3-0 10 0 172 || 46-8 | 42-8 | 4-0 4-8 | 1-8 | SWbyS. 2.0 18 0 || 29-325 || 38-0 | 36-2 | 1-8 5-0 | 1-2 | SWby8. 0-0 20,0 320 || 40-6 | 38-2 | 24 | 21, 2-0 | 1-5 SW. Sw. | 1-5 22/00 381 || 40-3 | 37-7 | 26, | 5... 3-0 | 1-5 SW. W?: WSW. 3-0 Feb. 1 0 0 380 || 42-5 | 39-1 | 3-4 0.092 || 3 | 2:8 SW. WSw. 1-5 2-'0 315 || 44-9 | 40-2 | 4-7 4.2 | 3-2 Sw. SW by 8. | 3:5 4 0 231 || 45-0 | 40-8 | 4-2 5-2 | 4-2 | SW by Sv. SW. | 9-5 6 0 171 || 42-0 ae ay 6:8 ae SW by W. | 10-0 8 0 164 || 40-0 | 38. 4.5 | 1- SW. | 9-0 10 0 143 || 42-4 | 39-8 | 2-6 5-2 | 2-5 SW. | 4.0 18 0 | 29-026 || 39-9 | 36-7 | 3-2 6-2 | 3-0 SW. 4.0 20 0 026 || 38-1 | 34-8 | 3-3 | 449 4-5 | 1-8 SW. SW by W. | 6-0 22 0 061 | 36-8 | 33-1 | 3-7 | 325 4:0 | 1-2 SW. v. W by S. | 6-0 Feb. 2 0 0 115 || 37-4 | 33-3 | 4-1 0-346 | 42. | 28 | Woby N.. | 9-0 2E10 149 i\|) BBs 82:2) ides 3-8 | 4-0 | SW by W. | 8-0 4 0 147 ||\35:7 |°82:3\-|) 3-4 Domi aie? SW. W by S: W. 8-5 6 0 138 || 33-6 | 31-9 | 1-7 2-8 | 1:5 | SW by W. W by 8. || 7-0 8 0 106 || 35-4 | 32-8 | 2-6 2-5 | 2-5 Sw. wW. 1-0 10 0 088 || 33-2 | 33-2 | 0-0 3-5 | 2-0 Sw. 10-02 18 0] 28-881 || 32-9 | 32-2 | 0-7 5-2 | 1-2 SW. | 1-0 20 0 | 28-810 || 34-0 | 33-5 | 05 | ao¢ 2-5 | 1-0 |SW by W.v. W. | 10-0 22° 70.28:805 | 32:0 esis: MN eO:s ale 3-0 | 0-5 | SW by W. W? | 3-0 Feb. 3 0 0 | 28-785 || 33-6 | 30.7 | 2.9 | 2° 1-2 | 0-7 WNW. v. W. | 2.0 2 0 || 28-770 || 32-7 | 30-4 | 2.3 387 I5.5 | 15 | Nw by W. NW. 3-0 4 0 || 28-834 || 30-9 | 29-92} 1.02 3-0 | 2:8 | Nby W. Nw. 7-0 6 0 || 28-952 || 26-7 | 26-1 | 0-6 5-5 | 3-2 N. / 10-0 8 0 || 29-022 || 23-0 | 22-2 | 0-8 4.2 | 1-2 | Noy w. | 0-0 10 0 |) 29-068 || 23-5 | 22-9 | 0-6 4:0 | 4:8 | NNW.v. / 10-0 18 0 || 29-162 || 34-6 | 32-9 | 1-7 8-0 | 6-8 | NW by N. | 10-0 : : ‘ 2 . N r N | 9. 2 o| 420/374 | sao | a | 249 ioiel Mast ll nue ee Feb. 4 0 2 || 37-7 | 34-3 213 5215-0 | Noy W. ve | 70 f 90] 573 | s65 | a40 | 2s 0166 | S570 | xeyw. aa | bY i . Oo | 7: N by W. 3 4 0 619 || 36-0 | 32-4 | 3-6 5-5 | 6-0 | Nby w. N. | 7-0 # | 6 0 o88 33-6 | 30-9 | 2.7 7-0 | 2-0 NNW. N by E. | 7-Olmeen 8 0 18 || 33-8 | 31-6 | 2-2 2-2 | 1-2 NNW. N. by E. 6-0 10 0 728 || 32-0 | 31-0 | 1-0 1-5 | 0-2 | NW by N? 3-0 | 38-6 Feb. 5 0 0 b6 are se wae 30.5 1:8 18 0 || 29-827 || 30-7 | 29-1 | 1-6 1-5 | 1-0 NNW. | 0-5 | 20 0 844 || 29-7 | 28-1 | 16 | 94 1-2 | 0-8 NNW. | 2-0 | 22 0 862 || 29-8 | 28-0 | 1-8 99-1 0-8 | 0-5 NNW. NNE. 8-0 Feb. 6 0 0 867 || 34-3 | 32:8 | 15 | Wooo || 1:5] L2 7) NNW. NNE. 9-8 2 p ee son ee 3:3 Le We N by W. NNE. oe 30 || 35-9 | 33. 2-8 2. N. NNE. 9-S 6 0 860 || 36-5 | 34-5 | 2.0 | 2:5 | 1:2 | Nby Ww. N by BE. 10-0 8 0 882 || 35:3 | 34:9 | 0-4 20/08 | NbyE. | NNE. 9-8 10 0 890 || 36-3 | 35-0 | 1-3 0-2 | 0-2 NNE. || NNE. | 0-5 OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 31—FEBRUARY 6. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. h. 0. Scud creeping along horizon, cirro-cumuli, cirrous haze, bluish-black cirro-stratus to E.3; rain apparently falling to S. and W., very stormy like. 2. Scud + very fine mottled cirri; sky to E. 4. Id.; some of the clouds have a blue tint. 6. Id. very thick. Bi AGIs 10. Long strips of clouds pointing from SW. to NE. extending through 120° ; a flash of lightning. 18. Clear. [192. 4, 6. 8. 10, . A great mass of cumuli or nimbi on horizon to S. and SE. ; a few drops of rain; a flash of lightning about . Patches of scud to N.: mottled cirri, striated at the edges, the striex pointing NNW + cirrous haze and cumuli on S, horizon. . Patches of scud + loose cumuli on 8. horizon; a number of sea gulls seen flying from eastward. . Scud + woolly cirri. Id.; sky on E. horizon. . Heavy rain. . Scud; like haze in some places. . Loose seud, light rain. . Seud. Id. + woolly and linear cirri, cirro-cumuli. . Cirrous scud + a large mass of cirro-stratus on E. and 8. horizon ; a slight fall of snow. . A smart shower of snow. scud. oy) . Scud: woolly cirri + cumuli and nimbi falling in snow to 8S. and E. Id. + cumuli round horizon. Id. . Snowing; lightning seen before and after this. . Clouds to NW. and SE. . Scud. . Cirrous scud + woolly cirri, large masses of cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. . Woolly cirri + cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. Id. + role loose cumuli to §. . Woolly cirro-strati, falling in snow on all sides but the 8.; quite overcast, with snow in a few minutes. . Cumuli to NW. . Clear. . Overcast. . Homogeneous, a slight fall of snow. Scud ; a few drops of rain. . Loose vapoury clouds falling in powdery hail ; beautiful cumuli to SE. . Cirrous scud + loose cumuli to §. . As before. . Cirrous scud. Id. Id. . A bank of clouds to E. . Woolly cirri and cirrous scud to E. . Large woolly cirro-cumuli +~ linear cirri to SW. Id. Id. Cirrous scud +—- a homogeneous mass to 8.; a slight shower of snow. Id. + cirrous clouds. Seud ; light rain; coloured lunar corona. Loose cumuli. Swe WW SSeS Sew ses wos ve weddunwed dtvuds Hess nnwSes 96 DaItry METEOROLOGICAL PERRYS THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. | Gottingen Pinos Quan- Mean ‘Time § RAIN . tity ae (METER ( Max. |lGaver.|| P%essure- | Direction of || Clouds moving from A Observation. Corrected. || Dry. Wet. Diff. and Min. | Wind. | Clouds Max. | Pres. | 4 GIG dele aay in. ° F 2 Si in Ibs. lbs. 0—10. Feb. 6 19 0 || 29-990 | 39-3 | 38-1 | 1-2 2.0 | 0-8 | NEby N. 9.8 20 0 |, 30-020 | 39-8 | 38:8 | 1.0 | 5.5 1:0 | 0-2 | NEby N. NE: ENE. 9-5 22 0 || 30-042 | 40-2 | 39-3 | 0.9 | 3,6, 0-5 | 0-5 NNE. ENE. 10-0 | Feb. 7 O O || 30-058 | 41-1 | 39.2 1-9 : 0-016 0-8 | 0-5 | NE by N. NE by E. 10-0 | 2 0] 30-063 | 41-2 | 39-9 | 1-3 0-5 | 0-2 | NbyE. NE. 10-0 4 0 || 30-044 | 40-8 | 40-2 | 06 0-5 |-0.2 NNE. 10-0 6 0 || 30-058 || 40-3 | 40-0 | 0-3 0-8 | 0-5 | NEby N. 10-0 8 0 || 30-052 || 39-7 | 39-3 | 0-4 15-010 NNE. 10-0 10 0 |] 30-051 | 40-5 | 39-3 | 1-2 1-5 | 0-5 NNE. 10-0 18 0 || 29-988 || 40-1 | 39-7 | 0-4 2.2 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 || 30-000 | 40-0 | 39-7 | 03 | 41, 0-5 | 0-2 | NEbyN. ENE. 10-0 22 0 | 30-011 | 40-2 | 40-0 | 0-2 | 95 0-2 | 0-0 ENE. | 10-0 | Feb. 8 0 0 | 30-023 | 41-0 | 40-5 | 0-5 0.041 || 02 | 0-0 ENE. 10-0 2 0 || 29-996 | 41-2 | 40-8 | 0-4 0-0 | 0-0 ENE. 10-0 4 0 | 29.978 | 41-3 | 40-9 | 0-4 0-0 | 0-0 ENE. 10-0 6 0 || 29-979 || 41-0 | 41-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 ENE. 10-0 8 0 || 29-980 || 40-2 | 40-2 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 ENE. | 10-0 10 0 || 29-983 || 39-8 | 39-8 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 18 0 | 29-953 | 38-8 | 38-0 | 0-8 0-2 | 0-2 | NbyE. 10-0 20° 0 || 29.963 | 39-1 | 37-8 | 13 | 45, 0-5 | 0-2 | Nby E. NE? 10-0 22 0 | 29.996 | 36-7 | 36-0 | 0-7 | 30. 2.2. 4\50-9) 4 4 Neby, Hi. NE by N. 10-0 Feb. 9 O O | 30.002 | 38-0 | 34-8 | 3.2 0.943 | 32 | 3:0 | NbyE NNE | 9.5 2 0 || 29-998 || 36-7 | 33-5 | 3-2 3-5 | 1-5 N. NNE. | 10-0 4 0 || 29.993 || 35-4 | 32-4 | 3.0 3:0 | 2.2 | NbyE. NNE. | 9.9 6 0 | 29-992 | 34-8 | 31-5 | 3:3 3-5 | 2.0 N. NNE. | 9.8 8 0] 29-998 | 33-1 | 31-8 | 1.3 3-0 | 2-0 | NbyE. NNE. 7.0 10 0O 30-005 || 34-2 | 31-9 2-3 2.8 as N by E. N by E. | 9.9 18 12 || 29-967 | 33-2 | 32-5 | 0-7 3-2 | 0-2 NNE. | 8-0 20 0 980 || 33-9 | 31-7 | 2-2 36-4 1-2 | 0-5 NNE. NNE. | 30 9210 980 | 34-9 | 32-8 | 21 | oy 5 2.5 | 0-8 NNE. NE. | 25 | Feb. 10 0 O 986 || 37-1 | 33-2 | 3-9 0.095 | 1:5 | 1:2 NNE. NNE? | 3-3 210 956 || 38-3 | 34-8 | 3-5 2-8 | 0:8 NNE. NNE. | 9-2 4 0 958 || 37-6 | 34-5 | 3-1 2:0 | 1-0 | NEby N. NE by N. | 9-9 Gia0 963 || 37-1 | 34-1 | 3-0 1:2 | 1-0 | NEbyN. | 10-0 8 0 983 | 36-7 | 34.0 | 2.7 12 | 1-0 | NEbyN. NE. | 9-5 10 0 995 || 37-1 | 33-7 | 3-4 1-0 | 0-8 | NE by N. NE. | 10-0 18 0 || 29.986 | 37-0 | 33-3 | 3-7 1-2 | 0-8 NE. | 10-0 20 0 || 29.998 | 36-8 | 33-1 | 3:7 | 3.4 1-0 | 0-2 NE. | 10-0 22 0 || 29-994 | 37-3 | 33-0 | 43 | 30.4 0-5 | 0-5 NE. NNE. 10-0 Feb. 11 0 0] 30-019 || 38-0 | 34-0 | 40 |“ Ilo nog || 0:8 | 0:2 NE. NE by N. | 10-0 | 2 0 || 29-999 || 39-0 | 349 | 4-1 0-8 | 0-8 NE. NE by N. 100 | 4 0 || 29-995 || 38-8 | 35.0 | 3-8 eed Psa) NE. | 10-0 | 6 3 || 30-001 || 37-1 | 349 | 2.2 0-5 | 0-2 NE. | 10-0 f | 8 0 || 30-030 || 36-3 | 35-0 | 1-3 0-5 | 0-0 NE by N. / 10-0 | | 10 0 || 30-038 || 36-3 | 35-0 | 1-3 | 0-2 | 0-0 | | 10-0} | 38-6 2 Feb. 12 0 0 35.3 0-8 | | 18 0 || 29-888 || 28-8 | 28-3 | 0-5 | 0-8 | 0-0 SSW ? | 3:0 | 20 0 870 | 30-9 | 29-7 | 1-2 | 406 | 0-0 | 0-0 Sw. | 99 | 22 0 854 || 32-1 | 30-5 | 16 | 569 | 0-0 | 0-0 W. | 9-9 | Feb. 13 0 O 822 || 34.9 | 32.2 | 2-7 0-021 || 2:9 | 0:0 W. | 10-0 2 0 766 || 36-0 | 33-0 | 3-0 =~ 1 0:2 10:2 WNW. W. | 9.8 | 4 0 736 || 36-8 | 33-0 | 3-8 | 0-8 | 0-5 | WNw. WNW. | 35 Wob, 64 22h, Probably no minimum temperature during the night. The reading given is taken from the observations of yesterday afternoon. Keb, 8¢ 6'—10", No difference between the dry and wet bulbs owing to the mist which has been falling. Keb. 12¢ 0h, he maximum temperature is taken from the readings of the dry thermometer yesterday. t Feb. 124.18>. Although the temperature is considerably below freezing, the snow water in the cistern of the wet bulb has not been frozen | this morning. : OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 6—13. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. h. 19, 20. Two currents of scud. 22. Scud + cirrous scud to S.; very thick to E. 0. Cirrous scud. 2. Scud. 4, Light rain, Scotch mist. 6. Id. id. 8. Id., seud, 10. Scud. 18. Homogeneous. 20. Scud ; light rain. 22. Id. id. ON Wid: id 2. Male id 4, Id. id 6. Id. id. Ga Olid: id . Clouds breaking a little, mist.gone. . Very thick and dark. . Patches of scud, haze. . Scud; raining. . Seud + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli. Id. Id., moving from different directions between N. and E. . Heavy black scud. . Thin seud, snowing a little. . Scud. . Loose seud, about 1} inch of snow has fallen during the night. Id. ; some snow falling. . Cirrous scud and woolly cirri + a few cumuli to S.; snowing to N. . Cirrous scud and woolly cumuli + cumuli to NW. . Loose cumuli and seud. . Cirrous scud. . A shower of fine hail. . Cirrous scud. Id. Seud. . Cirrous scud. Id. Id., light rain, , Large cirro-cumuli + linear cirri and haze to E, . Scud. . Cirrous scud moving slowly. . Scud, motion scarcely perceptible. Id. . Loose scud. MAG. AND MET, ops. 1848. QR ce) aT Observer’s Initial. oj bd | 4440 4aaue wwsdwwnds dduendddww widdwnwdd dd dds wassuw 98 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL SNE THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen B Quan- Mean Time aes Rain ‘ Reps tity of METER ; : Mao Gear: Pressure. | Direction of Clouds moving from of Observation. Corrected. || “Dry. | Wet. | Diff. jn Min. ie |e | nd: Clouds. Max. | Pres. a. Te in. 2. 2. G) 2 in. lbs. Gi lbs. i 1—10. Feb. 13 6 O | 29-677 || 34-0 | 32:0 | 2.0 0-5 | 0-2 1-0 8 0 662 || 32:3 | 31-2 | 1-1 0-2 | 0-0 0-2 10 0 636 || 34-2 | 32-4 | 1-8 0-2 | 0-0 2.0 18 20 || 29-601 || 28-7 | 27-5 | 1-2 1-2 | 0-8 N by E. N? 9-8 20 0 599 || 27-0 | 25-4 | 1-6 36-9 2-0 | 0-5 N. NNW. 3-5 22 0 587 || 27-2 | 24.5 | 2-7 05.6 0-2 | 0-2 N by W. _ NNW. | 5-0 Feb. 14 0 0 572 || 26-9 | 24.2 | 2-7 0-000 22 | 1-5 N by W. N by W: WNW. 2-5 2 0 542 || 27-0 | 24-8 | 2.2 3:0 | 1-8 | NNW. v. 4-0 4 0 515 || 25-0 | 23-6 | 1-4 2-5 | 1-8 N by W. 2-0 6 0 503 || 24-0 | 21-9 | 2-1 1-5 | 0-5 NNW. 1.0 8 0 493 || 24-1 | 22.9 | 1-2 0-8 | 0-5 NNW. 0-5 10 0 477 || 23-1 | 22-0 | 1-1 0-8 | 0-2 NNW. 0-1 18 0 | 29-357 || 19-6 | 19-0 | 0-6 0-5 | 0-0 0-2 20 0 334 || 19-3 | 18-0 | 1:3 | 905 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 22 0 320 || 22-7 | 20-6 | 2-1 18-5 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 Feb. 15 0 O 268 || 26-3 | 23-3 | 3-0 0-000 | 9:2 | 99 0-2 240) 219 || 28-6 | 25-4 | 3-2 i 0-0 | 0-0 N by W. 2-5 4 0 163 || 28-9 | 26-0 | 2-9 0-0 | 0-0 7-0 6 0 121 || 28-1 | 26:0 | 2-4 0-0 | 0-0 W by N. 10-0 8 0 099 || 27-3 | 26-3 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 9-8 10 0 096 || 26-6 | 25-3 | 1-3 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 18 0 || 29-047 || 22-0 | 21-5 | 0-5 0-0 | 0-0 9.5 20 0 058 || 22-4 ae caaalog 5 0-0 | 0-0 N by W 5-0 22 0 082 || 22-0 | 20-2 | 1-8 19.6 0-0 | 0-0 0-3 Feb. 16 0 0 091 || 31-2 | 28-7 | 2.5 ; 0-000 || 22 | 90 NbyE 6-0 z ; bse ane 28-8 | 3-0 : 0-2 | 0-2 | Nby W. N by E. 3-0 1 1:8 | 29-9 | 1-9 0-2 | 0-0 N 3-5 6 0 130 ||. 28-9 | 27-0 | 1-9 0-2 | 0-0 2-0 8 0 165 || 23-3 | 22-0 | 1.3 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 10 0 194 |) 24-4 | 23-4 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 7-5 18 0 || 29-316 | 25-8 | 24.2 1-6 0-5 | 0-5 N by W. N by E. 7-0 | 20 0 360 || 27-0 | 25-8 | 1-2 1-0 | 0:8 N by W. 10-0 | 22 0 407 || 28-0 | 26-9 | 1-1 ae 0-2 | 0-0 NNE 7.0 Feb. 17.0 O 440 || 31-2 -| 30-2 | 1-0 : 0-054 || 0:2 | 9-0 10-0 2 0 453 || 33-8 | 32-2 | 1-6 ; 0-0 | 0-0 NNE 8-0 - 0 468 || 32-2 | 31-2 | 1-0 0-2 | 0-0 NNE 7-5 | 0 499 || 23.9 aie nes 0-2 | 0-0 NNE 2-5 870 520 || 20-3 | 20-0 | 0-3 0:0 | 0-0 0-5 10 0 531 | 188 | 18-0 | 0-8 0-0 | 0-0 00 | 18 0] 29-552 | 82 | 7-0 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 | 20 0 568 7:3) 73.0000) oo. 0-0 | 0-0 | 3-0 22 0 573 || 13-8 | 11-8 | 2-0 6.9 0-0 | 0-0 NE. | 0-5 Feb. 18 0 0 580 || 24-6 | 24-0 | 0-6 ; 0:0 | 0-0 NE. | §.5 20 566 || 32-4 | 30-0 | 2-4 Fe Hey OW | 85 | 4 0 534 || 31-7 | 30-2 | 1-5 0-0 | 0-0 NE. 9-0 6 0 534 || 24.4 536 ne 0-5 | 0-0 3-5 S10 537 |).24-0 +) 21-3 | 9:7 0:0 | 0-0 0-5 10 0 534 || 24-4 | 23-7 | 0-7 0:0 | 0-0 1-0 0 0 0 0 SCOaRNS — 18. 20. 22. OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 13—19. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. . Flocculent cirri to W., red; haze to E., reddish. . A few patches of cirrous clouds to E. . Linear cirri pointing from WNW. to ENE. A lunar corona about 123° radius. . Scud. . Cirrous scud. . Loose cumuli; a few flakes of snow a little ago. . Loose-edged cumuli: fine woolly and linear cirri. Td., with cumulo-strati; cirro-strati to SW.; snow falling from some of the cumuli to E. . Scud and loose cumuli on horizon. Id., from NW. to NE., cirro-strati to SE. . Loose cumuli on FE. horizon. . A patch of cirro-stratus to SE. . Cirro-stratus on SE. horizon. . Cirro-strati and cumulo-strati on E. and SE. horizon. . Ranges of cumuli on horizon from N. to E. Id. . Thin woolly cirri to NW., like haze near the horizon + cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. . Woolly and tangled cirri, apparently dropping to E. and 8.; cumuli on horizon. . Cirrous scud, a few flakes of snow. ike. cumulo-strati on horizon to E. Id. . Seud. {them tinged with red. . Cirrous scud +— large and beautiful masses of cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from N. to E., some of . Range of cumuli on E. horizon. . Cirrous scud + cumuli on E, and N. horizon ; snowing to E. . Loose-edged cumuli and cumulo-strati. . Masses of cirrous scud + cirrous-edged loose cumuli to E., cumuli to S. . Large masses of cumuli and cumulo-strati to §., and on horizon from N. to E. . A few patches of clouds on N. horizon. Loose cumuli. . Cirrous scud + cumuli to NE.; a few flakes of snow during the night. . Scud, light fall of snow. Id. + loose cumuli to NE. ; light shower of snow 10™ ago, Id. ; a shower of snow. . Cirrous scud +— cumuli on horizon from N to E.; snowing since last observation till within 15™. . Cirrous scud + beautiful ranges of cumuli on N. and E. horizon. . Scud + beautiful cumulo-strati to SE., some with cirrous crowns ; splendid pyramidal cumuli on N. hori- . Patches of seud; a few flakes of snow. . Clear. . Some patches of scud. [masses of scud. . Cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from NW. to E. and to S., linear cirri to S. pointing towards ENE., . A few patches of scud + cumuli on N. horizon. . Large masses of cirrous-edged cumuli + piles of cumulito N. . As before ; snowing to N. ? [zon ; sky hazy, red to EH. and NE. Scud + woolly cirri to S., cumuli on S. horizon; beginning to snow. . Masses of scud, woolly cirri, loose cumuli round the horizon, . Patches of clouds to N. . Snowing lately. Homogeneous. Id., a few flakes of snow. A sort of hail-snow falling. 99 Observer’s Initial dau | WW Send w ss Senn sesesow wos swe ss See nsssduw wesswwss wes 100 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. d. Feb. 20 Feb. 21 Feb. 26 m. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bano- METER Corrected. DaIty METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Wet. Max. and Min. ANEMOMETER, Pressure. Direction of Wind. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. v. ENE? E by N. ENE. NE by E. ENE. ENE ? NE by E? NE by N. Eby N. NE? NE by N. NE by N. NE by N. NE by E? NE by B? NE by E. NE. NE by E. NE by N. NE by N. NE. NE. NE. NE. NE by N. NE. NE by N. Clouds moving from OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 20—26. 1843. 101 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Ohserver’s Initial. h. 0. A few flakes of snow. 2. Light shower of hail-snow. 4. A few small hail-stones. 6. A few flakes of snow. 8 10. Id. 18. Light rain. 20. Scud ; a few drops of rain. o2eelde: id. OF Td. id. Dad id., a Scotch mist. 4. Scotch mist. 6. Scud; clouds breaking to SE., cirrous clouds seen. 18. Scotch mist. | 20. Id. ) 99. Id. 0. Id. a Id. 4, Td. 6. Id. 8. Id. 10. Id. 18. Light rain. 20. Scud; light rain; cirrous clouds seen. OB), Iicls 2 id. 18. Light rain. |} 20. Scud + cirrous clouds seen above. | | 22. Scotch mist. | 0. Scud + cirrous clouds. 2. Id.; a few drops of rain. | 4. Id.; light rain. Oey id..; id. 8. Id. 10. Id., a lightish appearance to N., Auroral light ? 18. Id. 20. Cirrous scud : woolly cirri, single patches in zenith resembling fleeces of wool; heavy cloud to E. | | 22. Cirrous scud. 0. Id. +— patches of loose scud. 2. Seud; thick to NE. 4, Cirrous scud ; hail lately. 6. Loose scud + cirrous clouds. 8 0 . Very dark. Id. = CUSSMerns Seeeeesun fe eeseesun seegunngs wwsdgunewss wosduw MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1848. 2¢ 102 DaAILty METEOROLOGICAL { Z THERMOMETERS, ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Baoe ae ana METER. : Max. ge Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. Wet. Diff. and Min. Wind. Max. | Pres. dy: him. in. S 2 2 0 in. lbs. lbs. Feb. 26 18 0 29-094 || 34-7 | 32-3 2-4 1-2 | 0-8 NE by N 20 O 29-071 || 33-7 | 32-0 1-7 39.3 1-0 | 1-0 NE. ENE: ENE 22 0 29-056 || 34-3 | 33-2 1-1 39.6 2.2 | 1-2 NE. Feb. 27 0 0O 29-015 || 36-9 | 34-2 2-7. 0-000 1-2 | 1-2 NE. ENE. 25250 28-973 || 39-0 | 35-7 3°3 1-8 | 1-0 NE ENE 4 0 28-962 || 37-7 | 36-0 1-7 2-5 1:5 NE ENE 6 6 28-972 || 35-6 | 33-1 2-5 1:8 | 0-5 NE ENE 8 0 28-991 || 34-8 | 31-9 2-9 0-8 | 0:8 NE. 10 0O 29-001 || 33-5 | 32-9 0-6 1-5 | 1-0 NE. 18 0 29-046 || 33-6 | 32-5 1-1 1-8 | 0-2 NE by N. 20 O 085 || 34-3 | 32-3 2:0 39.3 0-5 | 0-2 NE by N. ENE. 22 0 139 || 35-1 | 33-9 1-2 32.7 1:0 | Q-2 NE by N. NE by E. Feb. 28 0 0 194 || 35-8 | 35-0 | 0-8 0.042 | 18 | 0:5 | NEbyN. NE by E. 2 0 234 || 38:3 | 34-4 3-9 0-5 | 0-8 NNE. NE by E. 4 0 276 || 36:0 | 33-6 2-4 2:0 | 0-2 NE by N. NE by E. 6 0 329 || 34-6 | 31-5 3-1 1-2 | 0-2 NE by N. NE by E. 8 0 387 || 32-2 | 30-0 2-2 0-2 | 0-0 10 O 428 || 31-2 | 30-9 0:3 0-2 | 0-0 18 0 29.524 || 28-2 | 27-0 1-2 0-8 | 0-2 NNW. 20 O 566 || 29-9 | 29-3 0-6 39.3 0:8 | 0-0 22 0 608 || 31:3. | 29-7 1-6 26-4 0-5 | 0-2 N by W? NNE. Mar. | O O 639 || 33-8 | 31-2 2-6 0-091 0-2 | 0-2 N by W. 2 0 652 || 36-6 | 33-3 3:3 0-8 | 0-2 N by W 4 0 676 || 35-7 | 32-3 3-4 1-0 | 1-0 N. 6 0 699 || 33-9 | 31-4 2-5 0-5 | 0-0 N?2 8 0 732 || 31-6 | 30-2 1-4 0-2 | 0-0 10 0O 754 || 33-0 | 30-5 2:5 0-2 | 0-2 N by W 18 0 29-824 || 29-8 tee 0-5 | 0-0 20 O 854 || 30-7 | 29-0 1-7 37.3 0-2 | 0-2 N N. D210 868 || 34-7 | 31-2 | 3-5 | 50° 0-2 | 0-2 N NNE Mar. 2 0 O 898 || 34:8 | 31-8 3-0 0-000 1-2 | 0-5 NNE. 2 0 894 || 36-8 | 33-0 | 3-8 0-8 | 0-5 N by W 4 0 904 || 36-2 | 32-4 3-8 1:0 | 1-2 N 6 0 913 || 35-2 | 32.3 2-9 1:0 | 0-2 N N 8 0 939 || 35-0 | 31-8 3-2 0-2 | 0-2 N 10 O 949 || 34:0 | 31-3 2-7 0:5 | 0-2 N 18 0 29-958 || 32-8 | 30-7 2-1 0:5 | 0-0 20 O 29-973 || 33-2 | 31-1 2-1 36-7 0-2 | 0-0 22 0 29-995 || 34:3 | 31-1 3-2 29.7 0-2 | 0-2 N by W. NE. Mar. 3 0 O 30-007 || 36:3 | 33-0 3-3 0-000 0-5 | 0-2 N by E. N 2 0 || 30-023 || 38-0 | 34-2 | 3:8 0-2 | 0-2 N 4 0 30-017 || 37-8 | 34:3 3-5 0:5 | 0-2 N, NNE 6 0 30-037 || 36-6 | 33-6 3-0 0:0 | 0-0 NNE 8 0 30:078 || 33-9 | 31-7 2-2 0:0 | 0-0 10 O 30-095 |) 35-0 | 31-5 3-5 0:0 | 0-0 18 0 30-111 || 23-8 | 22-9 0.9 0:0 | 0-0 20 0 137 || 20:9 | 20-3 0:6 38.1 0:0 | 0-0 22 0 149 || 28-4 | 26-9 1:5 20-2 0-0 | 0-0 Mar. 4 0 0O 141 || 35-9 | 33-0 2-9 2 0-000 0:0 | 0-0 NW? 2 0 112 39-6 35-2 4-4 0-0 | 0-2 W. 4 0 104. 41-0 35-6 5-4 0-5 0-2 WAwW. 6 0 083 || 36-4 34.2 2-2 0-5 | 0-0 | 8 0 O91 33-0 31-3 1:7 0-2 0-2 SW by W. 10 O 083 || 31-7 30-6 1-1 | 0-5 | 0-2 SW by W. OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 26—Marcu 4. 1843. 103 a as sr SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. > s a5 h. 18. Scud ; a slight sprinkling of snow has fallen during the night. Ww 20. Id: linear cirri; very fine snow beginning to fall. Ww 22. Nearly as before ; fine snow; sky to NE. B 0. Scud + woolly cirri, cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. WwW 2. Large masses of loose cumuli and scud. B 4. Scud +~- woolly cirri and large cirro-cumuli, cumuli on NE. horizon. Ww 6. Scud on horizon + large cirro-cumuli, loose cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon. Ww 8. B 10. Occasional slight showers of snow. B 18. Scud; a large mass of clouds to E. Ww 20. Loose scud + cirrous clouds. WwW 22. Loose cumuli +~ fine cumuli to NE. and E. B 0. Loose cumuli and scud ; snow and hail lately. B 2. Id. B 4. Masses of scud and cumuli + fine mottled cirri. Ww 6. Loose scud + cirro-strati to N., loose cumuli on N. and NE. horizon. Ww | 8. Thin scud to NW. B 10. A slight fall of snow since last observation. RP 18. Scud to E.; 2 inch of snow has fallen during the night. Ww 20. Snowing. WwW || 22. Cirrous scud. B ) 0. Loose cumuli to SE. and cirri to S. B | 2. As before. B i 4. Scud to W.; cirri; cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from N. to E. Ww i 6. Thin scud + thick cirrous clouds to NE.; cirri and cumuli to S. Ww i 8. B +} 10. Scud. B me 18. Id. WwW | 20. Cirro-cumulous scud + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli. Ww it 22. 5 B | 0. Id. B 2. Id. B 4. Scud and loose cumuli, woolly cirri; cumuli to N. and W. WwW 6. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirrous clouds. WwW 8. B ) 10. B |] 18. WwW | 20. Cirro-cumulous scud. Ww ie 22. : B 0. Woolly cirri lying in lines radiating from N.; cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. B 2. Loose cumuli + woolly cirri and cirrous haze. B 4, Scud + fine woolly cirri. Ww 6. Id. + id. Ww 8. B 10. B 18. Haze on E. horizon. Ww 20. Thin cirrous haze to E. Ww 22. Id., and N. 234, Thermometer exposed to the sun 65°. B 0. Network and beautifully mottled cirri, moving very slowly; cirrous haze round horizon. 2. A few patches of cirrous clouds near horizon to E. and 8. 4, Very fine curled and mottled cirri, patches of loose cumuli to S. and E.; haze on E. and N. horizon. 6. Linear cirri pointing towards NNE., woolly, striated, and reticulated cirri; haze to N. 8. Thin haze to W.; a small corona round the moon. 0. A bank of clouds on N. horizon. ee 54% 104 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL Gittingen THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. one Mean Time aE Ran | tity ie yee : Max. ||GauGr. ressure. | Direction of of Observation. Corrected. | Dry. Wet. Diff. and Min. Meeapose Wind. Clouds da. h.>m. in 2 ° ° ie 92 in lbs. Ibs. 0—10 Mar. 5 0 O 29-0 1-3 18 0 || 29-919 || 36-1 | 35-1 | 1-0 2.5 | 0-0 7.0 20 O 925 || 37-3 36-4 0-9 44.4 0-0 0-0 9.5 22 0 925 || 43-1 | 40-6 | 25 | 346 0-0 | 0-0 9.5 Mar. 6 0 O 921 || 46-0 43-1 2-9 0-000 0-0 | 0-0 SSW. 9.5 2 0 910 || 48-4 | 45-3 | 3-1 0-2 | 0-2 SSW. SSW. 9-0 4 0 925 || 47-8 44-9 2-9 0:8 0-2 SSW? SSW. 10-0 6 O 926 || 45-0 43-6 1-4 0-2 | 0-0 SSW. 9.9 8 O 946 || 42-8 | 42-3 | 0-5 0-2 | 0-0 10-0 10 0 957 || 42.0 | 40-8 | 1 0-2 | 0-0 10-0 18 0 || 29-970 || 38-2 | 37-7 | 0-5 | 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 || 29-978 || 40-8 | 39-5 | 1:3 | 50.5 | 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 2250 29-982 || 42-1 40-6 1-5 34.3 | 0-0 0-0 S by E. 10-0 Mar. 7 0 0] 29-994 || 45-8 | 42-7 | 3-1 0-2 | 0-2 8. S by E. 10-0 2 0 | 29-987 || 44-9 | 39-8 | 5-1 OOOO i? let-0 S. S by E. 3.0 4 0 29-979 || 45-3 40-0 5:3 1:0 0-8 8 1-0 6 O 29-995 || 40-7 37°3 3-4 0:5 0-2 1-0 8 0 30-025 || 34-3 32-7 1:6 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 10 O 30-030 || 32-7 30-6 2-1 0-0 0-0 ‘ 0-0 18 0O 30-105 || 24-3 24-0 0-3 0-0 0-0 0-0 20 O 125 || 24-0 23-0 1-0 46-8 0-0 0-0 0-0 22). 10 143 || 29-1 28:4 0-7 21.2 0-0 0-0 0-0 Mar. 8 O O 158 || 35-0 32-7 2-3 0-000 0-0 0:0 0-0 2 0 148 || 41-7 37-7 4-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 4 0 135 || 43-7 39-2 4-5 “0-0 0-0 0-0 6 O 120 || 41-2 38-1 3-1 0-0 0:0 0-0 8 0 138 || 33-3 31-7 1-6 0-0 0-0 0-0 10 O 148 || 28-9 27-4 1-5 0-0 0-0 0-0 18 0O 30-148 || 27-2 26:6 0-6 0-2 | 0-0 2-5 20 O 150 || 29-7 28:8 0-9 44-1 0-0 0-0 NW 2 6:0 22 0 135 || 33-0 31-3 1:7 24.9 0-0 0-0 1-5 Mar. 9 O O 120 || 39-9 37:3 2-6 0-000 0-0 0-0 2-0 2 0 085 || 43-3 | 38-8 | 4-5 0-5 | 0-2 SW. | 6-0 4 0 085 || 42-6 | 39-0 | 3-6 0-5 | 1-2 WSW ? SW. | 9.0 6:20 062 || 38-8 37-0 1:8 0-5 0-0 W by S. | 9-0 8 0 042 | 38-3 | 36-6 | 1-7 0-2 | 0-0 : WSW. | 9.9 10 0 027 | 36.4 | 34-7 | 1-7 0-2 | 0-0 | 20 18 0 || 29-836 || 35-1 | 33-6 | 1-5 0-2 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 815 || 35-1 | 34-0 et) aes 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 22 0 784 || 35-4 | 34-8 | 0-6 30.1 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 Mar. 10 0 O 777 || 39-2 38-7 0-5 0-230 0-0 0-0 10-0 2.70 731 36-6 36:3 0:3 a 0-0 0-0 10-0 4 0 728 || 41-2 | 40.0 ile} 0-2 | 0-0 SW by W. 10-0 6 O 748 || 40-1 39-6 0-5 0-0 0-0 W by S. } 3:0 8 0 783 || 34-7 | 34-6 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 | 10 0 806 || 32-7 | 31-9 | 0-8 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 | 18 0 || 29-884 || 35-8 | 35-4 | 0-4 | 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 908 || 38-0 | 37-7 | 0:3 44.9 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 22 0 918 || 42-8 | 42.0 | 0-8 30-5 0-0 | 0-0 Ww. 9.9 Mar. 11 O O 902 || 49-0 | 46-1 2.9 0-013 | 0.0 | 0-0 WwW. 10-0 2 0 872 || 48-9 | 46-1 2.8 0-2 | 0-0 Ww. 10-0 40 844 || 48-8 | 45-6 | 3-2 0-2 | 0-2 SW? Ww. | 10-0 OBSERVATIONS, Marcu 5—11. 1843. 105 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. | 18. Cirrous clouds and haze. 20. Scud and cirro-strati to E., sky to E. 92. Scud, cirro-strati to S. and E. 0. Scud + cirro-strati to 8. and E. 2. Id. + fine woolly cirri; cumulo-strati on horizon from NE. to S. 4, Id. +-cumuli to E.; patches of sky occasionally. 6. Id. + id. os oid. 10. Id. B= Td: 20. Id. 92, Id. and mist. 0. Scud and loose cumuli. 2. Cirrous scud, loose cumuli, and cirro-strati. 4, Patches of cirrous clouds, hazy on horizon. 6. Id. id. 8. A distinct auroral arch, altitude 10°, breadth 8°, its crown being in the magnetic meridian ; no pencils. 10. Clear. Nee Id. 20. Id. 22. Id., cirrous haze on horizon. Omid: id. Os Aca id. 4. Id., id. @; ade id. 18. Linear cirri or cirrous haze to E. 20. Loose cirro-cumuli in zenith + thick woolly cirri to E., very red at 19; cymoid cirri at 19». 22. Patches of cirro-cumuli; linear cirri to SW., pointing NW.; cirrous haze on horizon. 0. Cirro-cumuli and fine woolly and mottled cirri; haze on horizon. {haze near horizon. | 2. Long lines of cirri lying in different directions, but chiefly towards WNW., as if indicating wind ; cirrous 4, Scud moving quickly +— thick cirrous clouds and haze over the sky. 6. Cirro-cumulous scud moving slowly + woolly cirri, thick cirrous clouds ; cirrous haze on horizon. 8. Cirro-cumulous scud. 10. Patches of cirrous clouds; faint lunar halo, 20. Light fall of snow. 22. A few drops of sleet. 0. Light rain. 2. Raining. 4. Seud. {cumulous scud to E., fringed with woolly cirri. | 6. Patches of loose scud + patches of woolly and curled cirvi, linear cirri to W. pointing N. and S., cirro-stratiand cumuli to NE.; a long mass of 8. Patches of cirrous clouds. 10. Td, | 18. 20. Seud. 22. Cumulous scud +~ cirrous clouds seen above to S. 0. Id. 2. Scud. 4, Id, + cirrous haze above. WEAZWH SSERSSSERUW Ses seeuw segggqssguyw seen sser eeqrgsgeue MAG. AND MET. oss. 1848. 2D 106 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. Mar. 13 0 Mar. 14 0 Mar. 15 0 Mar. 16 0 Mar. 17 oS oOooco ooocooceocje co ceo oo oc 600 0 OS O5S79-°O1S 1 O=--O'O. O10 O O:9790°Ox C1 O.O OO cc Bano- METER Corrected. 29.821 794 766 29-255 256 245 228 217 213 198 186 155 29-123 155 182 195 211 206 215 250 266 29-447 501 559 586 601 616 637 697 755 29-811 824 813 795 756 698 647 604 575 29-472 496 510 511 522 5205 515 540 550 29-584 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Dry. | Wet. | Dim. |, ar 44-5 | 43-0 | 1-5 42-8 | 421 | 0-7 42-8 | 42.0 | 0-8 53-0 42.3 37-6 | 35-3 | 2-3 38-4 | 36-6 | 1-8 41.7 | 382 | 35 | 2. 43-7 | 42.2 | 1-5 43-7 | 39-4 | 43 42:3 | 36-7"| 3-6 40-9 | 37-8 | 3-1 39-6 | 36-4 | 3-2 38-9 | 36-0 | 2-9 31-2 | 30-3 | 09 34-6 | 33-0 | 1-6 30-7 | 36-9 | 28 | See 43-0 | 38-6 | 4-4 43-8 | 40.3 | 3-5 46-7 | 46.0 | 0-7 Ai7 | 38-0. 103-7 38-2 | 37-0 | 1-2 Brg) aoa 26 28-3 | 27-6 | 0-7 30-4 | 29-7 | 0-7 37-0 | 36-2 | 08 | Ore 43-2 | 39-3 | 3-9 47.8 | 466 | 1.2 47-3 | 40-9 | 64 43-7 | 40.0 | 3-7 39-1 | 37-1 | 20 37-2 | 354 | 1.8 33-5 | 32:8 | 0-7 34-8 | 33-6 | 1-2 308 | 37-7 | 24 | Bi 41-9 | 39-0 | 29 41.0 | 38-8 | 2-2 41-3 | 39-4 | 19 41-9 | 40-3 | 1-6 41-6 | 41-0 | 0-6 43-2 | 42:3 | 0.9 44.6 | 43-2 | 1-4 444] 433 | 11 | agg 4471) 455 | Leann 46-8 | 44-9 | 1-9 46-8 | 44-9 | 1-9 47-6 | 45-3 | 23 46-3 | 44-6 | 1-7 45:8 | 44.1 | 1-7 46-1 | 44-6 | 1-5 43-1 | 42-4 | 0-7 0-015 0-031 0-007 0-000 0-000 ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Direction of Max. | Pres. Byan: lbs. lbs. 0-5 0-2 SW. 0-5 0-5 SW. 0-5 0-2 SW. 1-5 1:8 0-5 SW by W 0-5 0-5 WSW 1-2 1-2 SW by W 9.8 1-8 SW by W 5-0 1:0 WNW. 9.8 1-2 WNW. 1-2 0-2 WNW. 0:5 0-2 0-5 0-5 WSW. 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 0-0 0-8 0-2 WSW. 0:8 0-5 SW by W. 0-5 0-5 SW by W. 0:8 0-2 0-2 0-0 0-5 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-5 0-2 SW by W. 0:8 0-2 0:5 0-2 NE by N. 0-5 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 0-0 1-0 1-2 SSE. 1-2 0-2 SSE. 0-8 0-2 S by E. 0-2 0-0 0-8 0-2 SSE. 0-5 0-0 2-8 1-0 SW by 8. 2:0 0:8 SW. 1-0 0-5 SW. 1-2 1-0 SW. 1:8 1-0 SW by W. 1-5 0-5 SW by W. 1:7 0-7 SW by W. | 1-2 0-0 | 2.5 1:0 SW by W. | 1-2 | 0-0 Clouds moving from nM S by W. SW by SW by SW by Wsw. WSw. WSW. Sw. Dp ip } OBSERVATIONS, Marcu 11—17. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. " Observer’s Initial h. 6. Seud. Sep lide HOF Td: 18. Masses of scud. 20. Loose scud +— woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli to E., cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon. 22. Masses of scud to W. and 8.; woolly cirri to E.; patches of scud and cumuli on horizon. 0. Scud + cirrous clouds to 8. and SE.; loose cumuli on N. and S. horizon, a slight shower in 10 minutes, 2. As before. [showers around. 4. Scud + loose cumuli on horizon to N. and NE.; passing showers. 6. Id.; cirrous clouds ; cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon, light shower. 8. Scud, having a cirro-cumulous disposition.” [very narrow. HON ds, id. ; cirrous haze above; at 10" 10™ a beautiful lunar halo, the ring 18. Small patches of scud to N. 20. Td. 22. Loose cumuli and scud. 0. Id. De Td) +— cumulo-strati to N.; rain to 8S. and SE. 4, Masses of scud +~- loose cumuli on horizon, cirro-strati to E. Sea-gulls seen coming from the sea. . Scud + cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon from NE. to S.; slight shower. . As before ; slight shower lately. . Scud + thin cirrous clouds. . Cumuli and cumulo-strati on NE. and E. horizon; ground covered with hoar-frost. . Fine woolly and striated cirri +- patches of loose cumuli to S. and E. . Masses of woolly cirri, curled at the edges, pointing from WNW. ; finer cirri above. . Nearly as before ; detached masses of scud and loose cumuli + some of the cirri are linear and flame-like, the lines branching off from the main body, which lies NW. and SE., and point to WSW. or SW. . Scud, loose cumuli and cumulo-strati + cirrous haze to E. A thermometer in the sun, sheltered from the wind, shewed 85°. . Loose cumuli + woolly cirro-cumuli. . Seud + large cirro-cumuli, linear cirri to S., pointing E. and W.; loose cumuli all round the horizon ; rain falling to N, from dark seud. . Seud. id? Scud, cirrous clouds above. . Hazy cirrous clouds; cumuli and cirro-strati on horizon. 22. Scud; haze above 2 0. Patches of scud + thick mass of cirrous haze or cirro-stratus. 2. As before; a few drops of rain. 4. Scud. 6. Id.; a few drops of rain. 8. Scotch mist. 10. Scud, clouds breaking. 18. Scud. 20. Id. 22. Id.; light rain. iepld.; id. occasionally. Dd. 4, Id. 6. Loose scud +— cirrous clouds, linear cirri to S. pointing towards W by N., loose cumuli to N. and E. 8. Scud. HOS Id. 18. Masses of scud to N. and E., woolly cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri lying SW. and NE.; cirro-strati to SE. Zane GZ Wwe ews s CHS swe Sss Bess oss 108 DaAILy METEOROLOGICAL een THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Bano Mean Time of METER Pressure. A i @londsnmovinoys Direct f g from Corrected. E z Diff. Max. irection 0 and Min. Wind. Observation. Max. | Pres. | Mar. 29-616 Mar. S1S19.9'O' S10 S18 SSW WAWES, WOH WOW So E. E. SSE. SSE. SSE. NE by E. || ENE:SEby E:SWby W. E. EbyS:SEby EH: 0? oomwoooo oocoococeso art 1s. Varying. SSW. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seeorrsce aDanawo Onwmpnwnaodn NE by N. E by N. NE. ENE. SOoooo cOoSseooSseoes ceca PSO OS OE eae) artes wHbhRS PBaAMTANADS AENWKD -Ooc & OBSERVATIONS, Marcy 17—24. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Woolly cirri, cirro-cumuli, and fine linear cirri, all lying WSW. to ENE.; masses of loose cumuli near horizon all round, cumulo-strati to E. . A few patches of scud + loose cumulo-strati; cirrous haze. Patches of scud ; large loose cirro-cumuli; cumulo-strati to NNE. Masses of scud -— cumulo-strati above cumuli to N. and E. Large loose cirro-cumuli; cirrous haze. [point. Patches of scud moving quickly + lines of cirro-strati and linear cirri rising from a semicircular nucleus on E. horizon and radiating from that bo bo OW OF * SOMO RID — 18. Scud. 20. Thick scud ; breaking to ENE. where cirrous clouds are seen above. 22, Loose scud + patches of woolly cirri; ranges of loose cumuli to S. and E. 0. Scud + cirrous clouds. 2. Thick scud ; raining to NW. [the horizon seems covered with the thin scud. 4. Thin misty scud apparently close to the ground and moving very rapidly: thick scud moving less quickly: woolly cirri moving very slowly ; 6. Thin scud: scud: cirrous clouds. 8. Scud. 10: Id. 18. Id.; light rain. 20: Id. [horizon. 22. Id. + woolly cirro-cumuli and fine linear cirri lying N. and S.; cumulo-strati and loose cumuli near 0. Scud and loose cumuli + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli. 2. Detached masses of cumuli +~ cirro-cumuli. 4, Scud and masses of woolly cirro-cumuli. 6. A large mass of electric clouds moved up from SSW. ; at first the W. was covered, but the tendency of the whole is towards the E.; the clouds at first appeared to be acted on by several currents, now they appear to move from SSE, and SE.; large drops of rain; sky to E. with beau- 8. Heavy showers, scud. [tiful cumulo-strati to SSE. 10. Clear. 18. Scud in different strati, moving very slowly +- cumulo-strati and cirro-strati to E., the latter quite red. 20. Seud ; light rain. 22. Raining. 0. Patches of cirrous scud + A mass of clouds covers the sky from NW., by E. to SE. to an altitude of 40°, curled cirri at the edges, apparently becoming haze to NE.; cumulo-strati near horizon ; cumuli to SW. 9. Detached masses of loose cumuli + the sky almost completely covered with thin Rea woolly cirri; cirrous haze on E., horizon, 4, Masses of loose cumuli and cumulo strati +- woolly cirrous clouds. 6. Large masses of cumulo-strati +- cirrous clouds, 8. Thick masses of scud. 10. 18. Seud. 90. Id. 22. Id.; smart shower. 0. Id. + cumulo-strati to §.; breaking to S. De ld. 4, Id.; light rain. ; 6. Hazy clouds on E. horizon. 8. Small patches of scud ; cirrous haze on horizon. 10. Scud. 18. Thick fog. 20. Fog clearing off. 22. Fog. 0. Scud; light rain. 2. Scud; raining lately ; clearing to S. Observer’s 109 Initial. HwWsasuns S4g00 CSnigeeers eeends sow dow odds Saunddcun 110 Datty METEOROLOGICAL ae THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Quan- A BARo- R Mean Time papa LAIN pissin Cloud: eth tity of : Max. |/GauGn. men’ | Direction of OUCS ONAL Sau LOLe of Observation. Corrected: and Min. Wind. Clouds. h. 0—10. a E by N. 10-0 E by N. E by N. Eby N. ENE. ENE. S. ENE. Eby S:EbyS. ENE. E by S. ENE. Eby N: 5. E by N. ESE. W. d. Mar. 24 NE. NE. So jes] Co td eS tt bd tet be 804 29-842 858 : . : . . E by N. 857 6 . . : E: WNW. 858 ‘6 : yg Various : NE? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 836 823 S by W. Sby W? S. o oocoooo°o ooo oc:0 00 © SW by W. OBSERVATIONS, Marcy 24—30. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. h. 4, Seud. Gs old: 3 lid: 10. Dark. 18. Different strata of clouds, the lowest scud ; a few drops of rain. 20. As before ; no rain. 22. Scud: cirrous scud + cirrous clouds. 0. Id. + patches of woolly cirro-cumuli to S. 2. Id.: scud + loose cumuli on horizon. 4, Scud or loose cumuli. 6. Loose cirrous clouds, chiefly to E., moving very slowly. 8. Clear. 10. Id.; several shooting stars seen. 18. Scud; snowing; a small quantity of snow has fallen during the night. 20. Id.; a few flakes of snow. 22eid. id. On eld: De AGI 4. Id. G2 ld: 8. Id. HOS eld: Hg. od. 20. Id. 22. Scud or loose cumuli in large masses. 0. Id. id. Ms dele id. 4. Id. id. 6. Detached masses of loose cumuli and scud. 8. 10. Scud 2 18. Patches of loose cumuli to W.; cumulo-strati on E. horizon; cirrous haze to S. 20. Thin scud + cumulo-strati to N.; linear cirri to 8. lying ESE. to WNW. [NW. to SE. 22. Detached patches of loose cumuli in strata on N. and E. horizon: linear cirri lying and pointing from OQ. Masses of cirrous scud, some of which at an altitude of about 80° from ENE. is evidently in an eddy, as the mass remains nearly stationary, whilst its parts move in all directions, tending principally towards NE., but vanishing in its evolutions: linear cirrous clouds. 2. Patches of cirrous clouds; patches of cumuli to N. 4. Patches of cirrous scud to W., which grow quickly into larger masses and then disappear + small patches of cumuli to N. 6. Cirrous clouds on E. horizon, 8. Clear. 10. Id. An auroral arch, the crown to NNW., altitude 15°; it shortly loses the form of the arch ; no streamers. 18. Cumulo-strati on E. horizon; cirrous haze all round the horizon ; much hoar-frost. 20. Chiefly woolly cirri; indistinct linear cirri in cirrous haze to N., lying ESE. to WNW..; cirrous haze all 22. Thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze. [round the horizon. 0. : 2. Cirrous scud + cumulo-strati to N. and E.; loose eumuli to S.; cirrous haze. 4, Small patches of cirrous scud + long lines of linear cirri to NE. lying NNW. to SSE., curled to S. ; sky covered with cirrous haze. 6. Loose scud; cirrous haze; light rain till 52 50™. 8. Scotch mist. 10. 4 18. Masses of scud moving quickly +~ fine linear cirri to NE. pointing NNW.; cirrous haze. diwudadue dane | 4 eedddduds dgdgeu edd oddddundd uddaduess lll Observer’s Initial. le of ; d. f Mar. 30 | Mar. 31 Gottingen Mean Time Observation. h. 2 2 0 2 0 2 4 6 esocccocco coooooc]: | i=) SiS OS SrO7O OOO OOO 1(O1O Oe O19. O19 (O11 OrOr Or 19 -O207O7rOrO 19 Baro- METER Corrected. 139 140 29-220 269 315 361 426 454 495 538 574 29-478 415 361 308 265 236 THERMOMETERS. Daity METEOROLOGICAL ANEMOMETER. Dry. Rain Pressure Max. ||GauGeE. ; Wet. Diff. if and Min. Max. | Pres. : % 3 a Ibs. | Ibs. 44-6 | 2-0 oe ee 46.9 | 2.7 oe Bor Nae 48:3 | 3-9 9.069 | 72 | 2° 48-0 | 3-7 pein is 9.8 9.2 0:8 47.3 | 2.9 nae lene 45-7 | 0-9 mie tee 46-2 | 1-3 Oars AeA ise 0-5 | 0-0 see 1-9 0-5 0-0 47-6 | 2-7 ne some 48-0 | 4-8 G:000 |e. eee 51-0 | 2-8 Bee eee Baiueg lh alee) eouiee 50-4 | 2-6 pes aus iets 1-0 0:8 | 0-5 47-5 | 1-2 Oe ROS 45-7 ay 44.2 | 0-8 0-8 | 0-0 47.0 | 2.0 0-2 | 0-8 48.9 | 5.0 | 388 1-0 | 0-5 482 | 5.4 | 443 |. | 20 | 0-8 47.6 | 6-4 1-0 | 0-5 48-5 | 63 1-0 | 0-8 45.2 | 5-0 12 | 0-8 40-2 | 1-7 0-5 | 0-0 39-0 | 1-9 0-0 | 0-0 38:8 | 1.5 0-0 | 0-0 43-0 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 47.0) | 2:8 | 30 0-8 | 0-5 47-3 | 2-4 0.000 | 1:0 | 0-9 48.6 | 2-6 12 | 12 48-0 | 2.3 12 | 02 44.3 | 1.3 0-5 | 0-5 43.3 | 1-2 0-5 | 0-5 43-5 | 1-2 0-5 | 0-2 41-0 | 0:8 0-8 | 0-0 413 | 1.9 0-0 | 0-5 44.6 | 2.9 es 0-5 | 1-0 44.2 | 4.4 mega ze ee 43-2 | 37 18 | 08 46-3 | 3-5 0:8 | 0-8 45.0 | 3-7 0-8 | 0-0 40-6 | 4-1 0-8 | 0-0 38-7 | 1-9 0-0 | 0-0 37-0 |. del 0-0 | 0-0 42.0 | 18 | , 0-2 | 0-2 44.3 | 9:3 | 308 0-8 | 0-5 47.0 | 2:3 0.008 | 1:9 | o5 50-3 | 27 2.5 | 2.0 49-4 | 3-7 2.0 | 0-8 Direction of Wind. SW. SW by 8. SW by S. SW by S. SW. SW by 8. SW by 8. W by S. Wsw. WSW. SW by W. SW by W. ESE, SE. E. NE. K. Ni? Wsw. WSwW. NW. Nw. NW by N NNW. SSW. SW by W. | SW. Clouds moving from SW by W. WSW. WSwW. SW by S: WSW. SW. SW by W. SW by S. SW by S. SW by S. W. Ww. WSW : WSW. WSsw. SSE. SE by 8:8. ESE. SE by E. SE by S. SE. ESE. ESE ? WNW : NNW. WwW. NW by W. NW by W. NW by W. WW. SW by S. SW. OBSERVATIONS, Marcu 30—Apnrit 6. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. h. 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 . Scud + cumuli on NE. horizon. . Cirrous scud + linear cirri to E. lying N. and 8.; clouds very thick to 8. . Large masses of loose cumuli. . Loose scud: cirrous scud + linear cirri to W. pointing N. by E.; cumuli to S. . Seud. PEG . Loose scud, very low + cirrous scud. 10. 18. Loose scud. Id, +— cirrous haze; cumulo-strati on horizon. . Patches of scud + a dense mass of cirro-stratus. . As before, but more scud. Td. id. . Loose scud +~ loose cumuli to N. and E. £ Id. +— cirrous clouds. . Light rain. 0 P. 4. Scud ; dense cirro-stratus ; raining. 6 8 0 18. Cirro-cumulous scud, the lower portion moving quickly; sky milky. 20. Scud : large banks of thick cirrous clouds to W. 22. Masses of scud and loose cumuli. + fine woolly cirri to NE. lying WNW. to ESE. ; cirrous haze to SW. and 8. 2. Loose cumuli + woolly and mottled cirri and fine cirro-cumuli mostly lying WNW. to ESE. 4, Masses of loose cumulo-strati: cirrous clouds of all kinds moving slowly. 6. Cumulo-strati to NE., patches moving across the zenith + chiefly linear and woolly cirri. 8. Diffuse cirri to W., woolly cirri, patches of cirro-strati to N. 10. Cirrous clouds and haze near horizon. [hazy. 18. Masses of scud, moving quickly : thick patches of cirro-cumulous and cirro-stratus clouds stationary ; sky 20. Large detached masses of scud, very low and moving quickly : thick woolly cirri moving slowly ; the cirri are of different kinds, lying in strata, in sheets, and becoming haze; the highest probably stationary. 22. Masses of loose cumuli to N., cirrous scud + thick mass of cirrous clouds, stationary. 0. Scud + cirrous haze to Ii. 2. Scud + thick mass of cirrous clouds; sky nearly covered with cirrous haze. 4. As before; light rain. . Low patches of scud +- thick cirrous clouds, stationary. . Scud. 10. Raining. 18. Two currents of scud, the lower detached patches, the upper a thick extended mass ; a few drops of rain; it has been raining heavily lately. 20. Nearly as before. 92. Scud + cirrous clouds and haze. 0. Masses of loose cumuli + cirrous haze. 2, Id. id. ; less scud. 4, Id. tds cirrous haze stationary. 6. Loose scud +— large woolly cirro-cumuli, stationary ; loose cumuli and cirro-strati on horizon. 8. Cumuli and cumulo-strati on E. horizon. 10. Clear. 18. Loose scud +— woolly cirri tinged with red ; cumulo-strati to FE. 20. Scud + cirro-strati. 22. Id. + thick cirrous clouds; light rain. Os Ad: Deli. 4, Id. + cirrous haze; cumuli on horizon. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 2k 113 Observer’s Initial. waged wnss HEEequnSs SUSSee See sesun gfvneggn w dguneggun 114 Gottingen Mean ‘Time of Observation. a. Apr. 6 Apr. -7_ 0 Apr. 8 Apr. 9 0 Apr. 10 0 Apr. 11 0 Apr. 12 S10. -O- O19 O10 10S ClO] S19 0.9 O17 OOS (== KS (ie) BaRo- METER Corrected. in. 29-203 176 164 29-141 29-121 29-094 29-049 29-003 28-978 28-970 28-976 28-979 28-988 28-977 28-980 29-010 29-063 29-165 29-268 29-350 29-411 THERMOMETERS, Wet. 46-2 44-7 43-0 39-8 43-2 48-0 46-0 48-4 47-5 46-0 43-6 39-2 36-3 DaAILy METEOROLOGICAL Diff. Max. and Min. 55:1 39-3 48-3 34:3 43-9 28:3 42-0 27-2 44:3 23:8 0-000 0-144 0-010 0-002 0-000 ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Max. | Pres. lbs. lbs. 0-8 | 0-2 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-8 | 0-0 1-5 | 6-8 1-2 | 0-5 1:0 | 0-5 1-2 | 0-2 0-2 | 0-0 1-0 | 0-5 0-5 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-2 1-2 | 0-8 2:0 | 0-8 2:2 | 2-2 2-2 | 0:8 1-0 | 0-0 0-5 1:0 , 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 1-0 1-0 1-5 1-0 1-5 | 0-2 2:5 | 0-8 2-8 | 0-5 0-5 | 0-2 0-5 | 0:5 1-2 | 1-0 1.2 1-2 2-0 | 0-8 1-7 1-0 1-0 | 0-5 3-2 | 0-2 0-8 | 0-0 1-8 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-2 0-8 | 0-8 1-2 | 0-8 3-0 | 3-0 5:0 | 3-0 5:5 3:8 3-0 1-5 2-2 | 0-8 2:5 | 0-5 Direction of Wind. SW by W. SW. SW by W. SW. SW by W. NNE. NNE. NNE. NE. NNE. NW by N. Nw. WNw. NW by N. N. NW by N. NW. NW. NNW. N by W. NNW. NW by N? WNW. W by 8. W by S. Wie W. WNW. N. N by W. N by W. Clouds moving from W by 8. Wsw, WSsw. SW by W. W by S: W by S. W by S: WbyS. WSW. W by N. WSW. WSW. N by E. N by E. N by E. N by E. NW ? NNW ? NW by N. NW by N. NW by N: WNW? N by W. N by W. INGSRING N. N by W: NW by W. WNW. NW by W. NNW. NNW. WYW. WNW. Ww. W by N. N. N by E. Clouds. 0—10. 10-0 10-0 10-0 1-0 7-0 10-0 OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 6—12. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. 115 Observer’s Initial. . Thick and ragged masses of scud +~ cirrous haze, &c. . Loose scud; thick mass of cirrous clouds; red to W.; a few drops of rain. . Scud. . A long mass of scud on §, and SE. horizon, moving slowly. . Masses of scud and loose cumulo-strati + linear, woolly and reticulated cirri, with cirro-strati. . Scud. . Scud + woolly cirri to W. . Homogeneous scud ; light rain. . Scud : woolly cirri. Id.: id. . Scud. . Clear; small patches of scud to N. and E, . Sheets of woolly cirri. . Scud ; light rain. Id. Id.; raining. [woolly cirri to W. . Woolly cirrous scud, moving slowly + loose cumuli to W. and S.; small detached cumuli to N. and E. ; . Large masses of scud, . Rain. . Scud + cirrous clouds to N. . Cirro-cumulous scud ; about 10™ ago it was acted on by various currents. . Patches of cumuli + cumulo-strati on E. horizon ; woolly cirri and cirrous haze over the sky. . Patches of scud ; cumuli on E. horizon; cirrous haze covers the sky. 2. Scud + thick cirrous haze. . Loose-edged cumuli. . Large masses of black seud, cumuli and nimbi, falling in snow all round: cirrous clouds. . Loose-edged cumuli; snow falling to N. . Scud + large masses of cumuli to E. and §.; a shower of snow. . Cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon, falling in showers of snow (?) to SW. . Cumuli to SE. . Clear, except a bank of cirro-stratus and loose cumuli to E. . Cumulo-strati on N. and E. horizon. . Scud, moving quickly : woolly cirri, slowly. . Cumuli. . Scud: cumuli. . Scud and loose cumuli + large masses of cumuli to E. . Cirrous scud +— large ranges of cumuli to N. and E.; passing showers of snow. . Thick cumuli to NW. and on S. horizon ; cirro-strati to S. . Scud. . Cirrous scud + cumulo-strati on E. horizon. [NE. . Patches of cirrous scud ; ls S fine linear cirri lying E. by N. to W. by S.; cirrous haze to . Scud to W. and NW. +a long line of patches of cirrous-edged cumuli to SSE., feathered and assuming a considerable likeness to the cymoid cirri; sky nearly covered with thick cirrous haze. . Patches of scud + cirrous haze. . As before, but more scud. . Detached masses of scud + dense mass of cirrous clouds and haze. . Rain. . Several heavy showers of snow since last observation. . Masses of scud. . Scud + loose ragged cumuli on horizon. Wa Zen weeeuw sen 24 wwedwwnds wwssuunds S wSessunnw 116 Datty METEOROLOGICAL Gottingen Sno THERMOMETERS. 7 ANEMOMETER. Quan- Mean. Time E RAIN : tity of METER : Max. ||Gaver.|| Pressure: | pirection of || Clouds moving from of Obroreations Corrected.|| Dry. Wet. Dif. |nd Min. Pe eS: Wind. Clowdel Max. | Pres. a oh m. in. c co °. 2 in. Ibs. Ibs. 0—10. Apr. 12 20 0 | 29-699 || 34.0 | 32-0 | 2.0 | je, 15 | 1-0 | Nby W. N by E. 7-0 22°70 742 ||.36-1 | 32.2. | 3-9 588 2:0 | 0-8 NNW. N:N by E. 3-5 Apr. 13 0 0 758 || 39-9 | 34-9 | 5-0 0-114 | 8 | 22 N. N by W: N. 5-5 2 0 763 || 40-0 | 34.1 | 5-9 15 | 0-5 | Nby W? NNW. 8-5 4x0 745 || 40-1 | 34-7 | 5-4 0-5 | 0-2 | NW by N? WNw. 10-0 6 0 719 || 38-5 ‘| 32-8 | 5-7 0-2 | 0-0 WNW? 10-0 8 0 697 || 35-9 | 33-2 | 2-7 0-5 | 0-0 Ww. Ww. 10-0 10 0 657 || 35-0 | 32-8 | 2.2 0-5 | 0-2 | WbyS8? 10-0 18 0 || 29-323 | 47-0 | 44-6 | 2-4 Bidsye || 26) WSW. Ww. 9-9 20 0 332 || 48-1 | 45-8 | 23 | o96 2:5 | 1-5 | WohyS. W by N: NW. 10-0 ZOO B41, Seo are 38 |) ong 4:0 | 3-5 | WbyS. Ww. 9.7 Apr. 14 0 0 383 || 56-0 | 50-5 | 5-5 0.053 || 2 | 38 | Woy. 9.5 2F 0 444 || 55-9 | 48-3 | 7-6 3-8 | 2-0 | W by 8. WNW: WNW. 8-6 Ava) 489 || 57-6 | 49-6 | 8-0 2.2 | 1-2 | NW by Ww. NW by N. 75 6 0 537 || 53-0 | 48-0 | 5-0 1-2 | 1-2°| Wby NW: NW. 9-7 8 0 591 || 50-1 | 46-8 | 3-3 1-5 | 0-0 NW : WNW. 10-0 10 0 625 || 49-8 | 47-0 | 2-8 2:0 | 0-8 | WbyS. 10-0 18 0 || 29-725 || 46-8 | 44-6 | 2.2 1-2 | 0-2 | SW by W? W. 10-0 20 0 743 || 48-4 | 45-8 | 26 | 7 4 0-5 | 0-5 | SWbyS. Ww. 9-0 92 0 756 || 51-4 | 47-9 | 3-5 | ane 0-8 | 0-8 WSw. Wsw? 9-0 [Apr 150, “0 778 || 53-0 | 49-2 | 3-8 9-000 || 2-9 | 20 | SW by W. WSW : W by N. 7-0 | 2G 776 || 53-0 | 49-0 | 4-0 1-2 | 1-5 SW. WSW. 9-9 4 0 768 || 52-9 | 47-3 | 5-6 1-2 | 0-8 SW. WSW. 8-0 6 0 760 || 49-0 | 45-0 | 4-0 1:0 | 0-8 SW. Wsw. 9-9 8 0 764 || 46-4 | 43-5 | 2-9 0-8 | 0-5 WSw. 9-5 10 0 759 || 45-0 | 43-0 | 2-0 0-5 | 0-0 10-0 55-4 ? Apr. 16:.0-"0 eager 0-8 18 0 || 29-738 || 42.7 | 42-0 | 0.7 0-5 | 0-0 Ww? 10-0 20 0 749 || 50-2 | 48-0 | 22 | ., 0-0 | 0-0 7-0 | 2200 781 | 54-8 | 50:1) 47 | 77. 0-0 | 0-0 S?: SSE 9-9 ear. 17° 0, 70 785 || 58-7 | 52:0 | 6-7 0-000 || 29 | 9-0 SSE 9-9 2 0 783 || 58-0 | 50-5 | 7-5 0-0 | 0-0 SE 9-7 4 0 786 || 60-1 | 52-7 | 7-4 0-0 | 0-0 S 9-0 6 0 787 || 56-8 | 49-1 | 7-7 0-0 | 0-0 18 8 0 804 || 48-5 | 46.2 | 2.3 0-2 | 0-0 SSW, 3-0 10 0 822 || 47-0 | 45-0 | 2-0 0-0 | 0-0 SSW 3-5 18 0 || 29-826 || 40-0 | 39-3 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0 SW by W 8-0 20 0 824 44-8 | 42-9 | 19 | go 6 0-0 | 0-0 WS 10-0 220 814 || 55-0 | 50-6 | 4-4 | 506 0-2 | 0-0 SSW. 10-0 | Apr. 18" 10°20 813 ] 54-3 | 48-0 | 6.3 0.000 || 1:2 | 1:2 | SWby W. SSWe 10-0 210 W782 \'55:3 1150-0" |. 95-3 i 2:0 | 1:0 SW. SW by S. 8-5 4 0 769 || 52-0 | 48-3 | 3-7 2:0 | 0-8 | WSW. SW by S$. 10-0 6 0 761 || 51-0 | 48-6 | 2-4 1-5 | 0-5 SW. SW by S. 10-0 8 0 747 || 50:8 | 48-6 | 2-2 0-8 | 0-2 WSW. SW by W. 9-7 10 0 753 || 49-5 | 47-5 | 2-0 15 | 1-2 SW. 6.0 18 0 || 29-719 || 47-8 | 47-1 | 0-7 1:0 | 0-2 SW. SW. 9-5 20 0 720 || 51-1 | 47-8 | 3:3 | 234 1-0 | 0-5 SW. | SW : SW. 9-0 2250 721 | 57-2 | 52-4 | 48 te 0-8 | 0-0 SW. 9-7 Apr..19 0 0 703 | 60-8 | 54.0 | 68 | 707 0-000 || 9:5 | 25 SW. NW : 8 by W- 8-0 OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 12—19. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. Cirrous scud + thick scud to E.; cirrous clouds to W.; occasional showers of snow. Two currents of cirrous scud. Id. Loose-edged cumuli + linear and curled cirri radiating from N.; sky to W., covered with cirrous haze. Loose cumuli. Masses of cirrous scud + thick cirrous haze over the sky; half of a solar halo seen, radius about 23°; the space within the halo is much darker than without it, being dark gray; the edge of the halo is brownish and passes into the bluish-white of the cirrous haze without. Scud + cirrous haze over the sky. Dense cirro-stratus ; a few drops of rain. Scud + cirro-strati to NE. lying SSE. to NNW. Loose scud, quickly: thick cirrous clouds and haze covering all the sky +~ cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. Detached masses of scud on horizon + thick linear cirri over the sky, generally becoming haze, radiating from NW.; cirro-cumuli to S, Nearly as before; the cirri radiating more distinctly than before, and from WNW., intersected at right angles near the zenith by fine lines of cirri. Detached masses of cumuli and scud round horizon: long strips of flame-like cirri rising from woolly cirri, pointing from WNW.; sheets of cirri to SW. appear superimposed upon each other. Cirrous clouds ; rather large cirro-cumuli lying in rows towards SSE. with sheets of woolly cirri interspersed. Thick cirrous clouds 5 cirro-cumuli to W.; cirro-strati and linear cirri to E. lying NNW. to SSE. ; patches of scud on N. and S. horizon. Seud : cirro-cumuli, in sheets radiating from NW.; the sky very stormy like. Nearly as before. Scud + masses of loose cumuli on SE. horizon; cirro-strati on E. horizon. Id. + large woolly cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati and cumulo-strati to E. Thick scud: + cirro-cumuli and sheets of cirri. Scud, moving quickly : cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri, &c., slowly. Seud. Scud + linear cirri, pointing from WNW. Id. Id. + cirro-cumuli; clouds red to W. Id. Thick cirro-cumulous scud, the patches of various colours ; motion very small. As before. Patches of scud and loose cumuli on horizon: cirro-cumulous scud. Loose cumuli, motion scarcely perceptible. Cirrous scud, moving very slowly + loose cumuli near horizon. Cumuli and cirrous scud. Cirro-cumulous scud (as throughout the day) ; masses of cumuli on horizon to SE. Cirro-cumulous scud. lying in strata to N. + cirrous haze and rippled cirri. Scud + haze. Detached masses of scud +~ patches of cirrous clouds to W.; sky nearly covered with cirrous haze. Scud + woolly cirri and cirrous haze. Id. +— cirrous clouds and haze. Id. + cumulo-strati on E. and NE. horizon. Loose scud, very low, moving quickly +- masses of cirrous clouds; cirro-strati to NW. Scud. Scud + irregular cirro-cumuli. Id., low and moving quickly : large loose cirro-cumuli, slowly + finer cirro-cumuli and linear cirri. Seud + cirrous clouds, principally large cirro-cumuli with fine linear and woolly cirri; cumulo-strati to E. Loose-edged cumuli in two currents + cumulo-strati on horizon; fine linear and woolly cirri and cirrous haze. In a short time the great mass of the scud and cumuli are from W. by 8.: sea-gulls flying very high. MAG. AND MET. oss. 18438. 26 117 Ww B B B Ww Ww B B Ww Ww B B B Ww W Yt B B Ww vil B | B B | W i wi B | By q fue S45 egadun edqunddduw 118 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. Rony Apr. 1 —_ SCHOGQK NWF Apr. 20 0 Ape. 21170 Apr. 22: Apr. 23 0 Apr. 24 0 Apr. OS O-O1S O91 O19 OS Si1O: OO OrOrny f) BAno- METER Corrected. DAILy METEOROLOGICAL 224 234. 29-229 THERMOMETERS. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. ane 61-6 | 52-4 | 9.2 61-3 | 51-3 | 10-0 ERr/argan| Pisuiletsy 0 fae) 53-7. | 50-1 | 3-6 49-0 | 46-7 | 2.3 36-3 | 36:0 | 0-3 44.0 | 42.2 | 1.8 53-3 | 47-0 | 6-3 ss 55-8 | 49-0 +68 | ° 55-0 | 50-0 | 5-0 5 OSimled Sal gna 51-3 | 47-5 | 3.8 49-4 146-9 | 2.5 50:0 1.4 77 02-8 54-2 | 50-9 | 3-3 ee 55 50:3 al) 54 58-0 | 51-6 | 6-4 57-0 | 50-0 | 7-0 55-4 | 49-5 | 5.9 52:0 | 49-0 | 3.0 49-1 | 46-9 | 2.2 LT NAG OU eld: AS To nage4 Nl iiles 50-2 | 48.0 | 22 | 22° 50:0 | 48-8 | 1-2 51:0 | 48-9 | 21 49:30 47661) Ae, ADO N47eo) dey, 46-8 | 46-3 | 0-5 45-0 | 43-8 | 1-2 52-2 40-9 35-3 | 34-3 | 1-0 39:5. 1, 38-20 11-3 50-0 | 45-3 | 4.7 ae 53-9 | 47-0 | 6.9 56-4 | 48-6 | 7-8 55-8 | 47-9 | 7.9 51:6 | 46-7 | 4.9 A785 441s WieSa7i 46-7 | 43-3 | 3.4 43-0 | 41-0 | 2-0 S125) |40-00 2a ee 40:S3999:2 || aeGuulsn 44.0 | 49.4 | 1.6 | 299 50:8 | 46-4 | 4.4. 51:6 | 46:0 | 5:6 50:0 | 44:0 | 6.0 45-3 | 40-8 | 4.5 41-4) 538.0, essa: 37:0 | 35:0 | 2.0 0-000 0-000 0-172 0-468 0-067 ANEMOMETER. Pressure. | Direction of Max. | Pres. wine lbs. lbs. 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-5 | 0-5 ENE. 0-8 | 0-2 E by N. 0-2 | 0-2 E by 8. 0-5 0-0 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 | 0-5 Sw. 0-5 0-0 0-5 | 0-2 SW. 0-5 | 0-5 SW. 0-5 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 0-2 SE. 0-2 0-2 SE. 0-5 0-0 0-0 0:0 0-0 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0:0 0-0 1-5 S06 0-0 0-0 0-8 0-8 S by E. 1:5 1-0 8. 2-2 2-0 S. 2.0 1-0 S by E. 1-0 0-8 8. 1:5 0-8 8. 3-0 1:8 Sby E 3-8 4-0 8 3-2 3-0 8. 4:8 2-2 8. 3-0 1-0 1:0 1:5 NW by W. 1-8 1-0 WNW. Pars 1:2 NW. 1-2 0-2 WSW ? 0-8 0-5 WASW. 0-5 0-0 SE? NW by N: SSE. S by E. SSE. S by W. S by W. Sby W. : | S by W. ; | S by W. ee TR Ww: SW? Sw. S by BE. NW. NW. ] 7) W: NNW? OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 19—25. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. 119 Observer’s Tnitial. . Scud and loose cumuli + cumuli and cumulo-strati on horizon ; a few drops of rain. . Scud and loose cumuli: cumuli + hazy on E. horizon. . Nearly as before. . Scud and loose cumuli; thin fog; sky red to W. . Scud. . Loose cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri; thick fog. . Cirrous clouds, woolly cirri, &c. . Sky covered with cirrous clouds and haze; cumulo-strati and cirro-strati. . Scud + cirrous clouds ; cumulo-strati to S.; a few drops of rain. Id. + thick mass of cirrous clouds; ranges of cumulo-strati to SE. and S. Id. + cirro-stratus to E.; cirrous clouds to NE. Id. + large cirro-cumuli. Td. Id. Id. + woolly cirri; ranges of cumuli to S. and E. . Scud and loose cumuli; sky to E. Id. ; id.; cirrous clouds and haze. - Loose cumuli + woolly, mottled and curled cirri and cirrous haze. . Cirro-cumulous scud + cirrous clouds. : Id., motion scarcely perceptible + cirro-strati to NE. lying SSE. to NNW. . Scud; dark, . Sky very milky ; some patches of scud ; thick cirrous haze ; light rain. . Scud ; light rain. Id.; id. iielys id. Id., moving very slowly ; a dark mass of scud rising like a curtain from SW. ; heavy rain immediately. . Cirro-cumulous scud +— loose seud on horizon ; a few drops of rain, . Patches of scud: scud ; light rain. . Raining since last observation. . Scud. . Scud ; hoar-frost. . Masses of scud to SW. . Loose-edged cumuli +- cumulo-strati on horizon. . Cumuli and cumulo-strati. Id. . Cumuli, scud, &c. Id., id.; afew heavy drops of rain lately from a dark mass of clouds. . Scud and loose cumuli + cirrous haze. . Homogeneous. . Loose seud, moving quickly +~ thick cirrous haze above ; light rain. . Scud ; rain. . Two currents of scud + cirrous haze ; light rain. . Scud. . Scud and loose cumuli: woolly cirri; smart hail shower lately. ‘ +— cirrous clouds and haze above. . Thin scud +— woolly and curled cirri; cumulo-strati on horizon. [red to WNW. . Cirrous clouds, principally woolly and diffuse cirri, becoming haze; masses of cumuli to E. in haze; clouds . Masses of cirrous clouds, lying NNW. to SSE.; thick cirrous haze to E. . Masses of cirrous scud + woolly cirri; thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze on E. horizon. Ww adhd Pes) SS Aa a ae ee q{ 44e40eeds eegugueds 120 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL a a a 1 | a ieee THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Binos Mean Time Rain i be METER Mal Gacen Pressure. Directionor Clouds moving from Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. Wet. Diff. land Min. , Wind. Tax. | Pres. Gls rn m. in. o io. Q 2. in lbs. lbs. Apr. 25 20 0 || 29-250 || 39-9 | 37-0 | 2.9 51.8 0-8 | 0-5 Ww. Ww. 22. 0 259 || 44-2 | 39-2 | 5.0 35-7 0:8 | 0-2 Ww. WNw. Apr. 26 0. 0 262 || 47-2 | 41-6 | 5-6 0-012 0-5 | 0-8 W. WSw. 2 0 264 || 43-8 | 39:0 | 4-8 0-5 | 0-2 W. SSW. 4 0 274 || 44.0 | 40-4 | 3-6 0-2 | 0-0 SH 2 6 0 315 || 40-8 | 38-6 | 2-2 0-8 | 0-8 NE. NE by E. 8 0 377 || 40-2 | 38-2 | 2-0 0-8 | 0-0 NNE. 10 0 443 || 37-0 | 35-5 | 1-5 0-0 | 0-0 18 0 || 29-613 || 34-3 | 33-3 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 20 O 644 | 38-0 | 36-3 | 1-7 50-1 0:0 | 0-0 22 0 646 || 47-0 | 44.0 | 3-0 39.5 0-0 | 0-0 SSW. Ss Apr. 27° 0 40 646 || 51-1 | 45-4 | 5-6 0.015 || 9% | 8 Sby E 8 2 0 615 || 55-0 | 48-2 | 6-8 1-2 | 1-0 Ss 4 0 581 || 54-7 | 47-3 | 7-4 2-2 | 1-1 SSW. S 6 0 551 | 53-9 | 47-0 | 6-9 1-8 | 1-3 SSW. 8. 8 0 541 || 48-9 | 45-0 | 3-9 1-1 | 0-6 SSW. S2 10 0 533 || 45-9 | 43-3 | 2-6 0-9 | 0-1 8. 18 0 || 29-392 |} 43-8 | 41-5 | 2-3 1:8 | 0-7 S. SSW. 20 0 375 | 44-8 | 42-1 | 2-7 | po 4 Icey OL IS) DS e SSW. 220 368 || 46-0 | 43-7 2-3 43-2 1-8 | 0:8 S by E S by W [Apr 28:00 354 || 46-8 | 44-8 | 2-0 0-104 || 1:3 | 9-9 S by E. S by W 2 0 353 | 46-8 | 45.2 | 1-6 1:3. | 0-5 SSW. S by W 4 0 353 || 44-3 | 43-4 | 0-9 0-7 | 0-0 S by W 6 0 356 || 44-6 | 43-1 1-5 0:0 | 0-0 SSW. Si 20 382 || 42-6 | 41-7 | 0-9 0:0 | 0-0 10 0 409 || 41-6 | 40-6 | 1-0 0:0 | 0-0 Ww 18 0 || 29-458 || 34-6 | 34.2 | 0-4 0-2 | 0-0 20 0 488 || 42-1 | 41-3 | 0-8 49.47 0-0 | 0-0 Ww? 22 0 517 || 48-0 | 45-9 | 2-1 33.4 0-0 | 0-0 S by BE. |} Apr. 29 0 0 534 | 51-3 | 46-8 | 4-5 0.297 0-1 | 00 E by N. 2 0 565 | 53-2 | 47-8 | 5-4 0-5 | 0-5 NE. NNE. 4 0 579 || 52:0 | 46-6 | 5-4 0:7 | 0-5 | NEbyE. 6 0 615 || 47-2 | 44.8 | 2-4 0-5 | 0-5 NE. NNE:E by §. 8 0 676 || 45-0 | 44-0 1-0 0-4 | 0-1 ENE? 10 0 741 || 44.3 | 44.0 | 0-3 0-4 | 0-0 | A 54-0 | Apr. 30 0 0 . 42.3 0-000 || 1-0 18 0 || 30-186 || 34-8 | 34-4 | 0-4 1-5 | 0-0 ENE? 20 0 195 | 44-0 | 42-9 | 1-1 | 5. 0:0 | 0-0 B 22 0 193 || 52:9 | 49-5 | 3-4 2.0 0-1 | 0-0 | May 1 0 0 200 || 57-0 | 50-0 | 7-0 0.000 0-7 | 0-7 ENE. ENE. | 2 0 193 || 60-0 | 50-7 | 9-3 0:7 | 0-7 ENE. 4 0 174 || 58-6 | 50:0 | 8-6 0-8 | 0-7 | NEbyN. 6 0 161 || 56-0 | 49-0 | 7-0 0-8 | 0-5 | NEbyN. B? 8 0 173 || 51-2 | 47-7 3°5 0-5 | 0-0 | 10 0 179 || 45-3 | 44-2 | Ll 0-0 | 0-0 18 0 || 30-153 || 36-7 | 36-0 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0 | 20 0 141 || 41-8 | 40-2 | 1-6 60-5 0-0 | 0-0 ENE? 22 0 128 || 49-7 | 45:0 | 4-7 35.3 0-0 | 0-0 May 2 0 0 091 || 52-8 | 47-8 | 50 | ° 0.000 | 0-4 | 0-4 ENE. 2 0 059 || 52-6 | 48-7 | 3-9 | 0:6 | 0-5 Eby N. NE? OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 25—May 2. 1843. 121 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. bserver’s Initial. h. 20. Patches of cirrous scud +~ cirrous clouds and haze on E. horizon; cumuli on S. and SE, horizon. 22. Cirrous-edged cumuli and cumulo-strati. 0. Many cumuli + nimbi to E. and SE. Scud and loose-edged cumuli; a smart shower of hail lately. Seud +- cumuli near horizon ; woolly cirri to SE. ; most of the sky covered with a thick milky haze. Seud +~ thick cirrous haze ; cumuli near horizon ; light rain. lig, = id. ; sky to NW. Seud ? Clear ; cirro-strati on S. and E. horizon. Cirro-cumulous scud to E. Thermometer in the sun 77°. Loose-edged cumuli. Id. Id. Loose cumuli +— cirrous clouds to W. [on horizon. Scud and loose-edged cumuli +~ mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli to W.; cumulo-strati to E. and SE.; haze Cirro-cumulous scud +~ cirrous haze; sky stormy-like. Nearly as at 8, more scud. Scud +— sky covered with a thick milky mass of clouds; a few drops of rain. Id. + thick cirrous haze above. Id. ; light rain. ld; id. ide; id. Id.; id. Scud and loose cumuli + patches of cirri to S.; cirro-strati to NE. Cirro-strati, cirro-cumuli, and mottled cirri. Cirro-cumulous scud, with which the sky was suddenly covered about half an hour ago. waddewwdd wedduods wudggund | ° Masses of mottled and diffuse cirri and cirro-cumuli; thick mass of cirro-strati and haze near the horizon. A parhelion to the S. of the sun 5 it is of about the same size, and at the same altitude as the sun, but soon becomes elongated like a portion of a halo; the side nearest the sun is orange and the other greenish-yellow. Patches of scud, moving along N. and S. horizon + woolly and diffuse cirri and cirrous haze. Many cirro-cumulito E. + masses of scud, twisting and moving in all directions ; linear cirri to W.; cumuliand cumulo-strati on N, and S. horizon. Scud and cumuli + linear and reticulated cirri, becoming cirrous haze. Patches of loose cumuli and scud + sky covered with cirrous haze ; the cirri at 1 were cymoid and moved from S. Mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli, cirrous haze; scud moving along E. horizon. Two currents of scud + cirro-cumuli. . A dense mass of cirro-stratus and haze. Scotch mist. Wns shnnweS Linear and mottled cirri; thick fog; much hoar-frost. Woolly, mottled, woven and curled cirri pointing from E. Woolly and reticulated cirri, linear cirri to E. and N.; masses of fleecy cirrous clouds to W.; cirrous haze near horizon. Thin woolly and striated cirri, lying from ENE. to SSW.; thick cirrous haze to N. and E. Woolly and curled cirri; a band of curled cirri stretching across the sky from E. by N. to W. by S.; cirrous haze on N. and E. horizon. Cirrous haze near horizon ; patches of woolly cirri. Cirri, scattered over the sky in all directions. Woolly and reticulated cirri; cirrous haze on horizon. Clear ; a streak of cirro-stratus to N. . Woolly and woven cirri to ESE.; thick fog rising from the hollows ; heavy dew. Long lines of flame-like cirri like long feathers 5 the flame-like cirri rising from a midrib which points from ESE., the cirri pointing from NNE. Chiefly woolly and striated cirri; sheets of woolly cirri to W. and S., near horizon. Beautiful flame-like cirri. Flame-like cirri, more curled, woolly cirri; scud and haze on E. horizon. Sfww Sen sssasuw = MAG. AND MET. oss. 1848. ’ 2H 122 Daity METEOROLOGICAL a THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen BARo- Mean Time A eraae RAIN | Presine ; ; Cloud ai tity eae Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. Maz Gor peasant is Direction of || patio gets of Observation. and Min. | Maw leprae Wind. Clouds. t dad. ch. m: in. e c o in. Ibs. lbs. | | 0—10. May 2 4 0] 30-018 || 52-0 | 48-0 | 4-0 0-5 | 0-4 | NEby EH. | | 2.0 6 0 || 29-998 || 47-8 | 45-6 | 2.2 0-4 | 0-4 ENE. lh ais 8 0 || 29-979 || 42-0 | 41-2 | 0-8 0-5 | 0-5 ENE. | NE? ' 10-0 10 0 || 29-970 || 40-6 | 40-0 | 0-6 0-5 | 0-0 | 10-0 18 0 || 29-831 || 40-0 | 39-4 | 0-6 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 801 || 41-2 | 40:3 | 0-9 |... 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 22 0 MANAGE W446) 2M iG oie 0-0 | 0-0 Sby W?:NE. | 6-5 May 3 0 0 728 || 52-1 | 48-8 | 3-3 0.000 || 22 | 9-0 0-2 (0 694 || 57-1 | 51-1 | 6-0 0-2 | 0-1 NE. 0-3 4520 643 || 57-1 |.50-8 | 6-3 0-5 | 0-5 | NEbyN. 0-3 6 0 607 || 56-8 | 51-2 | 5-6 0-3 | 0-1 NE. eet <: S240 587 || 51-0 | 47-8 | 3-2 0-2 | 0-0 0-3 10 0 570 | 44-7 | 43-7 | 1-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-3 18. 0 || 29-475 || 41-8 | 40-5 | 1-3 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 20 0 457 || 48-8 | 46:3 || 25 || 22, 0:0 | 0-0 | 0.3 22 0 428 || 56-2 | 49-7 6-5 38.5 0-6 | 0-6 SSW. S by E. | 5-5 May 4 0 0 423 || 57-7 | 49-3 | 8-4 0-000 || 0:7 | 05 | SW hy 8. 8. | 95 20 385 || 61-6 | 52-0 9-6 08 | 1:0 SW by S. S by W: | 6-5 4 0 361 || 58:8 | 51-0 | '7-8 0-7 | 0-9 | Sby W. S by W. | 9-9 6 0 344 | 54.0 | 49-3 | 4-7 0-8 | 0-0 Ss | 7-0 8 0 312) || 50:1. | 47-7 | “2.4 0-4 | 0-0 S | 10-0 10 O 280 || 49-2 | 47-7 1:5 0:0 | 0-0 | 10-0 18 0 || 29-270 | 38-4 | 37-0 | 1:4 1-7_| 1-3. | SW-by S. SW. 2-0 20 0 294 | 43-0 | 403 | 27 | oy 0-6 | 0-4 SSW. SSW : SW by S. 3-5 22 0 204 /1l|,40:9 1145-0 Aa Oo aan 2.0 | 1-1 SSW. SSW. | 6.0 May 5 0 0 291. || 50-0 | 44-7 | 5-3 0-064 | 22° | 10 S. SSW. | 9.0 2 0 304 || 46-7 | 42-9 | 3-8 4-8 | 2-5 8. SSW. 9.5 4 0 266 || 50-8 | 45-3 | 5-5 4:3 | 1-7 SSW. SSW. | 4.0 6 0 246 || 51-9 | 43-2 | 8.7 4.3 | 3-8 S SSW. 3-0 8 0 257 || 45-7 | 40-3 | 5-4 3-0 | 1-1 S by W. ssw. | 5-0 10 0 236 || 44-0 | 39-9 | 4-1 2-9 | 1-3 Ss. SSW. | 4-0 | 18) 1O4\|" 29-328 4140 eSOo i d-9 2-8 | 0-2 SSW. SSW. | 3-5 20 0 331 | 45-3 | 42.0 | 33 | 244 0-4 | 0-4 SSW. SSW : SSW. | 7-5 22 0 322° 46-9 | 42-7 | 4.2 | 525 06 | 0-6 SSW. WSW : 8. | 7-0 May 6 0 0 314 || 52-0 | 46-7 | 5.3 Oni C8 13:8 WSw. | 10-0 i) 276 || 53-8 | 46-7 | 7-1 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 4 0 244 || 53-7 | 47-0 | 6-7 0-0 | 0-0 W by N. | 10-0 6 0 246 || 48-0 | 44.0 | 4.0 O77 0a E? WNW. | 10-0 8 0 229 || 45-0 | 42.0 | 3-0 0-0 | 0-0 WNW. 10-0 10 0 208 || 43-8 | 42-2 | 1-6 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 55-5 May 7 0 40-6 0-8 | 18 0 || 29-517 || 41-7 | 41-0 | 0-7 2-6 | 0-0 | Bby 8. | 10-0 20 0 541 |i'45-1 | 43-7 | 1-4 | Pen 0-2 | 0.2 ENE. || ESE. | 9:0 29580 556 || 48-2 | 45-0 | 3-2 | 30. 0:5 | 0-7 E. E. | 9-7 May 8 0 0 578 | 49-3 | 46-0 | 3-3 0.294 || 1:4 | 11 E by 8. B by 8. | 10-0 270 620 | 46-7 | 42-6 | 4-1 aN 1-6 | 1-2 Eby 8. || E by 8. | 9.9 4.0 626 | 48-3 | 43-3 | 5.0 3 Jee INE. | E by 8. | 9.0 6 0 545 || 48-7 | 44-0 | 4-7 1720 IES ENE. | E. 8-0 8 0 665 || 45-0 | 42:0 | 3.0 1-0 | 0-3 ENE. | ENE. | 10-0 10 0 670 | 44.0 | 42:0 | 2.0 | 0-2 | 0-2 NNE? | | 10-0 18 0 || 29-674 | 45-3 | 425 | 28 0-7 | O-1 NE? | | 8.0 | OBSERVATIONS, May 2—8. 1843. 123 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. 2 C h. 4, Flame and mottled cirri to W.; a bank of scud and haze on E. horizon. Ww 6. Flame-lilke and woolly cirri and cirro-strati to W.; scud and haze on E. horizon. B 8. Scud, homogeneous. Ww Os Tdi; id. Ww 18. Thick fog. B 20. Fog clearing off. B 22. Two currents of scud. Ww 0. Patches of loose cumuli on S. horizon; haze on E. horizon. WwW 2. Detached masses of scud and loose cumuli on N. and S. horizon; masses of mottled cirri to W. W 4. Cumulo-stratus to 8. and a thick sheet of cirro-cumuli to SW. 6. Til. id. 8. lid; patches of cirri to SSW. 10. Patches of cirrous clouds to W.; haze and clouds on S, and SE. horizon. 18. Very thin cirrous haze, principally on E. horizon, 20. Cirro-strati to E. 22. Cirrous clouds, chiefly cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze to S. and E.; cumuli on N. horizon. 0. Woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze ; ranges of cumuli on N. horizon. . Scud and loose-edged cumuli +- masses of cirrous clouds and haze. . Masses of cumuli in haze ; sky stormy-like. . Scud and loose cumuli; a few drops of rain. . Scud. . Masses of seud, moving quickly +- cumulo-stration NE. horizon. Thunder heard last night and this morning. . Thin scud : thicker scud, moving slower ; a few drops of rain. . Scud and cumuli + cumulo-strati on horizon. Id. _ id. . Seud + cumuli near horizon; drops of rain. . Cumuli, cumulo-strati and nimbi + cirrous haze to E.; passing showers. . Scud, cumuli and cumulo-strati. . Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-strati and cirrous haze. . Scud. . Strata of scud and linear and woolly cirri. . Strata of scud to E.: thick and large masses of woolly cirri, becoming flame-like. . Scud and loose cumuli: cirrous clouds, chiefly cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri. . Detached masses of scud +— thick cirro-stratus and haze. Jilye id. Scud aus id. Td. + id. Id. — id. Light rain. . Scud + dense cirrous clouds ; cumuli on horizon; rain till now. Id. + mottled and reticulated cirri and cirro-cumuli. like. . Scud and loose cumuli, moving quickly + pyramidal and common cumuli, moving very slowly; sky stormy- . Scud and loose cumuli. Id. . Loose cumuli +— large cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri. . Scud and loose cumuli + cirrous clouds and haze. . Seud rising from E. + thick sheet of cirro-stratus ; long blue bank of cirro-stratus to E, . Nearly as before ; cirri ribbed, ribs lying N. and S.; less even surface of clouds. . Cirrous clouds; large cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri; cirrous haze; very thick to W.; cirro-strati to NE.; bank of scud to SE. = waodsuwnds Qqrueeeegrn erneegeunr s4eereeen 424% 134 DaILy METEOROLOGICAL aa | THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. | Gottingen Binal Quan- wees ae | METER || aN Pressure. . : Clouds moving from ay) oF 1s || Corrected. Dry. | Wet. Diff. mex GROGE | ees pieceen of A a Observation. | and Min. lamas’ [Speen Wind. Clouds. ad. h. m. i in. | ~ o Y 2 in. | lbs. lbs. 0—10. May 8 20 0 || 29-704 || 48-0 | 44-8 | 3-2 50-1 1:0 | 0-7 NE. NE: E bys. 8-0 22 0 731 || 51-41 47-8 | 3-6] jog 0-8 | 0-6 NE. | NE:Eby&. 8-5 May 9 0 0| 749 || 49-5 | 46-5 | 3-0 one lees NE? | NE: 0. 8-0 2 0 763 || 51-3 | 47-5 | 3-8 Pct Tsai Th) ENE. | E: NE by. 7.0 4 0} 782 || 49-7 | 46-2 | 3-5 | 1-2 | 0-5 NE. NE by E. 9.9 6 0) 791 || 50-0 | 46-3 | 3-7 0-7 | 0-6 NE. | NE? 0-5 8s 0] 823 || 47-2 | 45-0 | 2-2 0-5 | 0-4 NE. 0-3 10 0] 853 | 43-8 | 43-0 | 0-8 0-4 | 0-1 NE. ENE, 7-0 18 7 || 29-939 | 42-8 | 40-8 | 2.0 0-2 | 0-0 NE. 10-0 20 0 |} 29-961 || 44-2 | 41-7 | 25 | ., 5 0-2 | 0-1 | NEbyE. NE. 9.5 22 0 || 29-986 || 48-0 | 45-0 | 3.0 | So 0-5 | 0-4 | NEbyE. NE. 7-5 May 10 0 0 29-998 | 48-0 | 44-3 | 3-7 “loco || 28 | 05 | SBbyE E. 6-0 2 0 || 30-006 || 48-4 | 45-0 | 3-4 0-7 | 0-4 NE. ENE. 5-0 4 0 || 30-005 || 49-1 | 45-2 | 3-9 0-7 | 0-5 | NE by E. 0-3 6 0 || 30-003 || 48-1 | 44-7 | 3.4 0-9 | 0-6 | NEbyE. 0-2 8 0 || 30-020 | 45-6 | 42-8 | 28 0-6 | 0-2 NE. 0-2 10 0 || 30-035 || 39-2 | 38-8 | 0.4 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 18 0 || 30-035 || 37-9 | 37-6 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 || 30-032 | 40-7 | 40-3 | 0-4 | 44, 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 22 0 | 30-017 || 45.0 | 43-0 | 2.0 | 320 0-0 | 0-0 NNW. 4.0 May 11 0 0 | 29-989 | 50-7 | 46-2 | 4.5 pai | Coa Ok 0-2 2 0 | 29-968 || 55-8 | 48-8 | 7-0 ; 0-1 | 0-2 ENE. | 0-3 4 0 || 29-928 || 59-0 | 51:0 | 8-0 0-4 | 0-4 NNE. S by W 2-5 6 0 || 29-904 || 60-0 | 52:3 | 7-7 0-7 | 0-7 SE. SSW. 3-6 8 0 || 29-917 || 53-8 | 48-3 | 5-5 0-8 | 0-5 s. SSW. 6-0 10 0 || 29-928 || 45-8 | 43-9 | 1-9 0-4 | 0.0 0-3 18 0 || 29-909 || 41-1 | 39-6 | 1-5 0-0 | 0-0 SW? 9.9 20 0] 893 || 48-7 | 45-7 | 3-0 | .14 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 22 0}|| 874 || 54-0 | 48-6 | 5-4 ¥ 0-0 | 0-0 SSE? 10-0 May 12 0 0 g44 |! 58-0 | 51-9 | 6-1. | 36° 0-0 | 0-0 SW by S 10-0 2 0 796 || 57-3 | 50-7 | 6.6 0:0001/-0-0° |"'0°0 SSE. 10-0 4 0], 744 || 55-2 | 51-0 | 42 0-0 | 0-0 SSE. 10-0 6 0 | 701 || 56-0 | 50-5 5-5 0-6 | 0-5 SE. S. 10-0 8 0| 686 ||51-4 | 50-8 | 0-6 0-6 | 0-0 10-0 10 0] 637 || 50-3 | 49-3 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 18 0 || 29-476 || 51-6 | 51-1 | 0-5 0-5 | 0-0 S by W 10-0 20 0] 462 || 53-0 | 51-5 | 1-5 |, 0-6 | 0-2 S. SSW. 10-0 : 22 0] 460 || 54.0 | 52-3 | 1-7 | 0%! | 0-4 | 0-6 | SW by S? SW by W. 10:0 | May 13 0 0 459 | 55-8 | 528 | 3.0 | 49° | | 11 | 06 SW. W by S. 10-0 2 0|/ 461 | 56-8 | 52-8 | 4.0 0-154 | 1.1-| 0.8 | SW by w. | W by S. 10-0 4 0 465 | 55-7 | 51-5 | 4-2 1-8 | 0-9 | SW by W. | W by S. 10-0 6 0 489 || 51-6 | 49-7 | 1-9 2.0 | 0-9 | SW by W W. 10-0 8:20 512 || 51-5 | 49-0 | 2-5 | 1-2 | 0-5 Wew. Ww 10-0 10 0 542 || 50-7 | 48-2 | 2.5 1-3 | 0-6 | 10-0 d Meee fl 222 ‘ 18 0 || 29-394 || 47-1 | 46-0 | 1-1 0-9 | 0-4 NE. | E by N. 9-9 20 0 398 | 47-9 | 465 | 1-4 | ,o. | 0-6 | 0-0 | E by N. 10-0 22 0 397 || 49-1 | 47-0 | 21176 6 | 0-6 | 0-4 ENE | E by N. 10-0 May 15 0 0} 399 || 49-1 | 47-6 | 1-5 ~~ lNowoi9 | OS | O2 NE E by N. 10-0 2 0]; 400 | 48-2 | 46-8 | 1-4 ~~ 10-6 | 0-4 | NEby BE. | E by N. 10-0 4 0 394 || 47-9 | 46-2 | 1-7 | 1-0 | 0-7 EbyN. | E by N. 10-0 6 0) 395 || 47-2 | 45-0 | 2.2 | 0-9 | 0-7 | EbyN | E by N. 10-0 | | | OBSERVATIONS, May 8—15. 1843. 125 SPECIES oF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. . Scud: woolly cirri and cirrous haze. Id.: id. gt. id., stationary. . Two currents of scud + linear cirri. . Seud. Masses of scud +~ cirrous haze to W. and SW. . Scud on horizon. . Scud. Id. Id. Id. Id. . Seud and loose cumuli. . Patches of scud and loose cumuli on E. and S. horizon. P 7: Ihe ioe cirrous haze to E. . Patches of woolly cirri to W.; cirrous haze to E. . Clear. . Thick fog. be SG Bs clearing off. . Seud. . A few patches of scud ; haze to E. . Detached masses of scud and loose cumuli; haze on E. horizon. . Scud + haze near horizon. . Loose-edged cumuli + haze near horizon. Id. i ; - id. ; woolly and mottled cirri over most of the sky. . Cirrous haze to N. . Cirro-cumulous scud, moving very slowly + cirrous haze round horizon. . Sky covered with cirrous clouds and haze. . Scud + cirrous haze. Id., cirro-cumulous scud. Id. + thick cirro-stratus and haze. Id. + id. Id. + id.; a few drops of rain. . Smart showers of rain. . Scud + thick mass of cirrous clouds above to S.; cirro-strati and cumulo-strati to E. and NE. . Scud ; light rain. dz id. Id.; passing showers. da: id. Id. Id. ; slight shower. Id. widduoudd widdduedd ww dddduds wadddddug ondduows Id. . Great masses of thin scud. . Seud. Omnia: Da ld. Gh NIGIe (Geeta ddddsuw q | MAG. AND MET. ops. 1843, | a i i ze 126 Datiy METEOROLOGICAL wok THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Danae Quan- Mean Time esi RAIN P 3 tity of MEIER ; Max. ||Gaver.|| ~ "| Direction of || Clouds moving from of Ohiereation: Corrected. |) Dry. Wet. |’ Diff. jana Min. Wind. | Glouds! ax. | Pres. d. De epms in. 9° io cl 2 in Ibs. Ibs. | 0—10. May 15 8 0] 29-407 | 46-3 | 44-5 | 1-8 0-9 | 0-8 ENE. E by N. | 10-0 10 0 420 | 45-6 | 43-7 | 1-9 1-2 | 0-3 | NE by E. E by N. | 10-0 18 .0 || 29-387 || 45-2 | 43-8 | 1-4 0-9 | 0-8 | NEbyN. E by N. 10-0 20 0 386 | 46-3 | 44-2 | 2-1 | yo, 1-9 | 1.4 NE. B by N. _ 10-0 22 0 383: 45-7 | 44-4 | 13 | 445 2-0 | 1-2 NE, 10-0 May 16 0 0 382 || 45-8 | 45-0 | 0-8 0.077 || 24 | 16 | NEbyB _ 10-0 20 379 || 45-8 | 45.0 | 0-8 1-7 | 1-6 NE. 10-0 4 0 377 || 45-2 | 45-0 | 0-2 2:0 | 0-7 NE 10-0 6 0 372 || 45-7 | 45-5 | 0-2 1-0 | 0-5 ENE. 10-0 8 0 409 | 45-6 | 45-1 | 0-5 1-1 | 0-6 | NEbyE 10-0 10 0 443 | 44-6 | 43-9 | 0-7 1-4 | 0-6 ENE. | 10-0 18 0 || 29-522 | 44.2 | 43-0 | 1.2 1-9 | 1-1 ENE. ENE:EbyN. || 10-0 20 0 554 || 45-7 | 43-2 | 25 | ye, 1-8 | 21 ENE. ENE: E by N. 10-0 22/.0 584 || 45-2 | 42:3 | 29 | 413 2-5 | 1-3 | NEbyE. ENE. | 10-0 May 17 0 0 614 || 46-0 | 42-0 | 4-0 0.189 | 29 | 0:6 | NEbyE. ENE : NE. 9-0 2 0 636 | 48-1 | 42-7 | 5.4 2-1 | 12 | NEbyE. ENE. 9-8 4 0 655 || 46-3 | 42-2 | 4-1 1:7 | 0-8 | NE byE. ENE. | 10-0 6 0 687 | 45-6 | 41-8 | 3-8 1-2 | 0-6 | NEbyE. ENE. | 10-0 8 0 714 || 43-7 | 41-3 | 2-4 0-8 | 0-4 | NEbyE. _ ENE. | 10-0 10 0 740 | 41-6 | 39-8 | 1-8 0-5 | 0-0 ENE. _ 10-0 18 0 || 29-794 | 39-9 | 38-2 | 1.7 1-2 | 0-0 ENE, | 10-0 20 0 815 | 43-0 | 40-7 | 2-3 | ao) 0-1 | 0-0 ENE. _ 10-0 22 0 832 | 46-0 | 42-8 | 3.2 | 3.4 1-2 | 0-0 E by N. 9-2 May 18 0 0 842 || 47-4 | 43-6 | 3-8 0.013 | 9-9 | 1:0 ENE. Eby N. | 9-8 Py) 844 || 48-0 | 42-8 | 5-2 0-8 | 0-6 | EbyN. E | 10-0 4 0 847 | 48-8 | 43-6 | 5-2 0-9 | 0-6 H by N. E | 9-9 6 0 851 | 46-3 | 40-8 | 5-5 1-0 | 0-5 ENE. E | 5-0 8 0 865 | 45-3 | 40-4 | 4.9 0-6 | 0-2 ENE. ENE 1.0 10 0 867 | 37-0 | 36-4 | 0-6 0-0 | 0-0 ENE? 2-0 18 0 || 29-869 | 35-0 | 34-3 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0 E by N 5-0 20 0 882 | 42-8 | 40-7 | 21 | 499 0-0 | 0-0 Eby N 3-0 22 0 876 | 46-8 | 42-3 | 45 | 344 0-4 | 0-3 | SEbyS E 7-0 May 19 0 0 865 | 49-3 | 42-9 | 6-4 0.004 || 1:9 | 0-8 | EbyN. ESE | 9-7 2/0 858 | 50-8 | 43-6 | 7-2 1-2 | 0-8 | EbyN. ESE | 9-5 4 0 841 || 51-2 | 43-6 | 7-6 1:3 | 1-0 E SE 8-0 6 0 833 | 48-3 | 41-7 | 6-6 14° | 0-6 BE SE | 5:0 8 0 830 | 45-2 | 41-4 | 3-8 10 | 0-3 | EbyN. Se | 8.0 10 0 839 || 43-0 | 40-3 | 2-7 0-6 | 0-3 | Eby N, Ste | 9-0 18 0 || 29-774 || 43-3 | 41-2 | 21 0-4 | 0-4 E. ESE. | 9-5 20 0 765 | 46:0 | 42-6 | 34 |. 4 1-1} 1.0 | EbyN. ESE | 10-0 22 0 764 || 47-8 | 44-3 | 3-5) Ga 18 | 1-2 | EbyN. SE | 97 May 20 0 0 752 || 51-8 | 47-3 | 45 0.000 || 16 | 1:6 | Eby. ESE : SSE 8-5 270 734 | 56-2 | 49-8 | 6-4 Ie5s |) Tel B by 8. EbyS | 7-0 4 0 726 || 53-9 | 47-3 | 6-6 1-6 | 1-5 10 ESE 6-0 6 0 723 || 50-3 | 45-7 | 4-6 1-9 | 1-2 E by 8. ESE. 7-0 8 0 722 | 46-4 | 43-0 | 3.4 1-7 | 14 | BbyN. BE 6-0 10 0 709 || 43-8 .| 41-8 | 2-0 1-1 | 0-5 ENE. Eby S 8-5 56-9 May 21 0 0 42.9 1-4 | 18 0 | 29-555 || 44-6 | 44.0 | 0-6 1-7 | 0-5 NE. 10-0 20 0 560 || 45-0 | 44-6 | 0-4 | a4 0-8 | 0-7 | NE by. NE by E. 10-0 22 0 561 | 44-8 | 44-2 | 06 | 455 0:7 | 0-6 | NEbyN. | NE by B. | 10-0 . Cirrous scud and loose cumuli + linear cirri and cirrous haze. . Cirrous scud + loose cumuli; cirro-cumuli, cirri and cirrous haze. Id. 4+— cumuli; masses of mottled and woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli, becoming haze in some places. . Scud, very low, and loose cumuli + a sheet of thick woolly cirri from zenith to W. horizon; cirro-cumuli to N., cirro-strati to S.; all nearly OBSERVATIONS, May 15—21. 1843. 127 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &. > Be £8 h. 8. Scud. WwW 10. Id. Ww 16: Id. B 20° Id. Ww 228) lds rain: Ww 0. Id.; light rain. W 2 IGE id. B 4, Id.; heavy Scotch mist. WwW @ dicks id. Ww 8. Scotch mist. Ww 10. Id. 18. Two strata of scud. B 20. Ww 22. Scud. Ww 0. Two strata of seud +- woolly and mottled cirri and large cirro-cumuli. Ww 2. Scud and loose cumuli. W 4, Id. WwW 6. Id. Ww 8. ee: shower of rain. W 10. Id. Ww 18. Scud + thick cirrous mass; cirro-strati and cumulo-strati to NE. WwW 20. As before. WwW 22. Scud and loose cumuli. W 0. Id. Ww 2. Id. Ww 4, Id. Ww 6. Id. + cirro-stratus on NE. horizon. WwW 8. Large woolly cirro-cumuli + mottled cirri and cirro-strati to NE. and E.; masses of cumuli on §. horizon. W 10. Dark cirro-cumulous scud to N. + cirrous clouds on E. and NE. horizon. Ww 18. Cirro-cumulo-stratus +- masses of loose scud ; hoar-frost. WwW 20. Large woolly cirro-cumuli +— sheets of mottled and woolly cirri; masses of scud and cumuli. WwW 22. Scud and cumuli + woolly and mottled cirri. W 0. Id. WwW 2. Id. +— cirro-stratus on E. horizon. Ww 4, Scud + detached masses of cumuli. W 6. Id. + cirro-cumuli; cumuli on horizon. W 8. Id. + id. W 10. Id. + ranges of ragged cumuli on N. horizon. WwW 18. Id. + cumulo-strati on horizon ; cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze. WwW 20. Id. + cirrous clouds. WwW 22, Id. + id. B dl: id. B B Ww WwW B B 18. 20. 22. . Scud + cirrous haze in some places. [stationary, Thick Scotch mist. Scud ; light rain. Id.; rain. ras Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. d. May 22 May 23 0 May 24 0 lor) _ May 25 0 May 26 May 27 0 o bo i) CooosDoCC CO CoCo CoCCoeooO cococoeooocoSo coocooooocoeoo cooscoocoeooco SeoSoooos BaRo- METER Corrected. DAILY METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Dry. | Wet. | Dig. | uae 45-6 | 45-0 | 0-6 46-3 | 45-9 | 0-4 46:8 | 46-2 | 0-6 46-3 | 46-0 | 0-3 45-2 | 45-0 | 0-2 44.7 | 44.5 | 0.2 45-3 | 45-2 | 0-1 45.6 | 45-3 | 0-3 465 | 460 | 05 | 477 48-2 | 47-8 | 04 47.9 | 473 | 0.6 47-0 | 46-8 | 0-2 47-0 | 468 | 0-2 47-2 | 47.0 | 0-2 47-0 | 46-8 | 0-2 46-3 | 46-0 | 0-3 46-7 | 46-2 | 0-5 47-0 | 46-3 | 0-7 re 47-8 | 46:8 | 1.0 43-2 | 47.0 | 1-2 47-9 | 45-1 | 2-8 47-3 | 44.7 | 2.6 45-3 | 44.0 | 1-3 44.6 | 44.2 | 0-4 45-7 | 45-5 | 0-2 47-3 | 47-1 | 0-2 49-3 | 49.0 | 0.3 | 30° 51.0 | 50-0 | 1-0 51-3 | 50-0 | 1-3 50-7 | 49-9 | 08 51-3 | 49-7 | 1-6 50-7 | 48-3 | 24 48-3 | 46-3 | 2.0 51-7 | 49.4 | 2.3 54-2 | 51-2 | 3-0 ao || Ee 57-6 | 53-6 | 4.0 56-2 | 526 | 3-6 57-0 | 53-0 | 4-0 54-2 | 50-1 | 4-1 50-9 | 48.0 | 29 49:8 | 47-3 | 25 47-3 | 46-5 | 0-8 50-0 | 47-6 | 24 |g. 50:8 0\/47/7 44) 931M ea aie 54-7 | 49-7 | 5.0 53-0 | 49-3 | 3-7 542 | 53-1 | 11 54-2 | 50-1 | 4-1 51-0 | 49-3 | 1-7 49-0 | 47-9 | 1-1 0-039 0-133 0-149 0-064 ANEMOMETER. pressure. Direction of Max. | Pres. Wind. Ibs. lbs. 0-8 0-5 NE. 0-8 0-5 NE. 0-6 0-6 NE. 0-5 0:3 NE. 0-5 0-2 NE. 0-2 0-1 NE. 0-2 | 0-0 0-6 0-1 NE? 0-5 0-2 NE by E 0-4 | 0-2 NE. 0-9 0:8 NE by & 1-0 0-2 NE. 0-4 0-2 NE. 0-2 0-1 NE. 0-2 | 0-2 NE by N 0-7 | 0-2 ENE. 0:7 | 0-4 NE by E 1-2 0-6 ENE. 0-6 | 0-7 | NEby E 1-1 1-3 ENE 1-6 1-3 NE. 2-0 1:9 NE. 2:8 1-3 NE. 1-5 0-6 NE. 1-6 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-3 0-6 SW. 0-8 0:7 SW by S. 1-0 0-2 SW by S. 0-4 0-5 SW by 8. 0-7 0-4 SW by 8. 0-2 0-1 SW by S. 0-3 0-0 1-1 0-4 SW by 8S. 1-0 0-7 SW by 8. 1-6 0-6 SW by 8. 1-3 0:8 SSW. 0-8 0-8 SW. 1-6 1-3 SW. 1-2 0-4 SW. 0-7 0:3 SW. 0-2 0-0 0-4. 0:3 WAsw. 0-2 0-0 0-4 0-1 WSW. 0.7 0-2 SW. 0:6 0-0 0-5 0-2 SW by W. 0-3 0-0 0-0 0-0 3-0 Clouds moving from NE by E. NE by E. NE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. ENE. E by N. ENE. ENE. SW by W. SW by W. SW by W. SW by W. SW by W. sw. SSW : SSW ? S by W : SSW. S by W. S by W. SW. SSW. WSw. W. W. W. WSW. WSW. W by W by W by 8. OBSERVATIONS, May 22—-28. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Id., + dense cirro-stratus and haze; sky to SE. h. 0. Seud ; rain. das id: Alda sid: 6. Scotch mist. 8. Td. 10. Id. 18. Thick Scotch mist. 20. ‘ 22. Homogeneous scud ; light drizzle. 0. AS id. 2: Td. ; id. 4, rds; rain. 6. Scotch mist. 8. Scud; Scotch mist; very thick to N. and W.; clearing to E. and SE. 10. Scotch mist. 18. Homogeneous scud; mist. 20. Ids id. 22. Scud, breaking ; mist. 0. Id.;. rain. Dede mist: 4, Id. + cirrous clouds and haze. 6. Id. — id. 8. Loose scud ; light rain. 10. Id ; id. 18. Rain 20; Id. 22. Thin scud, falling in rain + dense watery-like cirro-stratus. 0. Id., id. —_ id. Dyous Ed., id. ae id. 4, Id., id. <— id. 3; breaking to S. 6. 8 . Chiefly woolly cirri and cirrous haze + scud to NW.; cirro-strati on E. horizon; sky to E. . Nearly as before; strips of feathered cirri pointing from SW. to NE. . Masses of scud and cumuli to SW.; cumulo-strati on S. horizon. . Scud : cirrous scud +~ cirro-strati and cumuli to S. and E. . Loose-edged cumuli: cirrous clouds, moving slower + cumulo-strati on horizon. . Loose cumuli + cirrous clouds ; a shower lately ; rain to SW. Id. — ids slight shower. . Scud and loose-edged cumuli +~ cirro-cumulous clouds, stationary. . Scud and loose cumuli + masses of cirrous clouds above. . Sky covered with a sort of grey cirrous mass, falling in a slight shower; scud on horizon, . Cirro-cumulous scud. . Scud + cirro-strati all round ; light drizzle. Id. -+— cirro-strati on 8S. and E. horizon. dea id. NE. horizon. Id. Td. Id. ; a few drops of rain. Id. + cirrous clouds and haze to E. Id. . Light rain. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 129 Observer’s Initial. 4duuheddy unddawodd auddewedd dddduuedd wudduuwds daddow | 130 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER.,. Gottingen Bane pais ea NPS ate Sea uw se PAA Quan- ers hil METER i Max. eee __ Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from a Obuervation: Corrected. || Dry. | Wet. Diff. {ond Min. sea mn iceaeess Wind. Clouds. d. e m. in. 2 9 °, - in. lbs. Ibs. 110. May 28 18 0 || 29-679 || 37-1 | 37-0 | 0-1 2.2 | 0-0 SW: W by N. 9-0 20 0 693 |, 40-1 | 39-0 | 1-1 | yoo 0-0 | 0-0 SSW. RE 22°50 704 | 44-6 | 41-2 | 3-4 | 375 0-4 | 0-2 WSW. Ww. 3-5 May 29 0 0 687 | 51-4 | 45-0 | 6-4 p.408 || 22) 0:2 MuDmS: Ww. 7.0 22.0 689 || 47-7 | 43-2, | 4-5 2:0 | 0-6 WNw. Ww. 9-5 4 0 702 || 43-0 | 42-0 | 1-0 163° }) tat WSw. W. 9-7 6 0 712 | 48-8 | 44-8 | 40 1-4 | 0-6 | SW by W. NW: W. 9-0 8 0 744 | 47-4 | 44.0 | 3-4 0-8 | 0-1 NE. NW by N. 5-0 10 0 779 || 41-9 | 39-4 | 2-5 0-0 | 0-0 WNw. 6-5 18 0 || 29-801 | 42-8 | 41-3 | 1-5 0-0 | 0-0 Ww 9-0 20 0 810 | 45-2 | 43-2 | 20 | .0 4 0-0 | 0-0 WwW 9-0 22 0 816 | 50-6 | 46-7 | 3-9 | 365 0-1 | 0-0 Ww 9-7 May 30 0 0 803 || 52-2 | 47-1 | 5-1 0-137 || 22 | 0-0 Ww 9-5 2. 0 774 || 56-7 | 49-0 | 7-7 0-0 | 0-0 W 9-3 4 0 772 || 51-0 | 48-0 | 3-0 0-7 | 0-0 _ Various. 10-0 6 0 767 || 46-3 | 45-0 | 1:3 0-5 | 0-2 NE. Various : W by 8. 10-0 8 0 739 | 48-0 | 46-0 | 2-0 0-2 | 0-0 W?: W byS. 10-0 10 0 728 | 45-8 | 43-9 | 1-9 0-3 | O-1 ESE. ESE, 10-0 18 0 || 29-560 || 43-3 | 43-0 | 0-3 0-9 | 0-5 | NEby N. ENE. 10-0 20 0 555 | 43-8 | 43-2 | 06 |... 0-7 | 0-4 | NEbyN. ENE. 10-0 22 0 535 | 44-6 | 43-9 | 0-7 | 455 0-6 | 0-5 NE. 10-0 May 31 0 0 528 | 46-8 | 46-2 | 0-6 0.2477 | 6 | 0-3 | NE by N 10-0 2.0 518 || 47-9 | 47-1 | 0-8 0-3 | 0-2 | NEbyN. ENE. 10-0 45.0 516 | 48-3 | 47-7 | 0-6 0-2 | 0-1 NE. ENE. 10-0 6 0 513 || 47-8 | 47-0 | 0-8 0-1 | 0-0 NE. 10-0 8 0 515 || 47-0 | 46-7 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0 NE. 10-0 10 0 510 || 46-0 | 45-7 | 0-3 0-1 | 0-0 NE. 10-0 18 0 || 29-429 || 44-8 | 44-7 | 0-1 0-4 | 0-2 NE. ENE. 10-0 20 0 ANZ 46-3) 146 113 OG ov, 0-2 | 0-2 NE. ENE. 10-0 22 0 396 || 48-6" | 47-7 0-9) | Jog 0-9 | 0-6 NE. ENE. 10-0 June 1 0 0 381 | 48-0 | 47-0 | 1-0 0.40 || O7 | o4 ENE. ENE. 10-0 210 346 || 48-6 | 47-7 | 0-9 i 0:7 | 0-5 | NEby E. ENE. 10-0 4 0 295 | 48-4 | 47-7 | 0-7 0-6 | 0-5 ENE. ENE. 10-0 6 0 238 | 48-8 | 48-1 | 0-7 0-7 | 0-2 NE. ENE. 10-0 8 0 209 || 48-3 | 47-9 | 0-4 0:3 | 0-0 ENE. 10-0 10 0 185 || 47-8 | 47-4 | 0-4 0-0 | 0-0 ENE. 10-0 18 0 || 29-110 | 48-8 | 48-2 | 0-6 0:0 | 0-0 S by W. 10-0 20 0 | 29-094 || 53-8 | 53-0 | 08 | yo. 0:0 | 0-1 Ss. SSW. 10-0 22 0 | 29-092 | 57-1 | 55-0 | 21 | gee 0-5 | 0-1 SSW. SSW. 10-0 June 2 0 0] 29-084 | 57-9 | 55-6 | 2-3 0.191 || 93 | 0-0 SSW. 10-0 2 0] 29-057 || 53-7 | 51-9 | 1-8 ee 0-9 | 0-9 | NE by E. NE. 10-0 4 0] 29-032 ] 49-8 | 48-7 | 1-1 0-8 | 0-7 | NEby N. 10-0 6 0 || 28-983 | 49-0 | 48-2 | 0-8 0-9 | 0-5 | NEbyN. | 10-0 8 0 || 28-976 || 46-6 | 46-4 | 0.2 1:0 | 0-5 NNE. NNE. 10-0 10 0 || 28-970 || 46-2 | 46-0 | 0.2 0-8 | 0-6 | NE by N. NNE. 10-0 18 0 || 28-994 | 45-8 | 44.5 | 1-3 1-6 | 0-5 NYE. N. 9-9 20 0 || 29-046 || 46-2 | 44.2 | 2.0 1-6 | 0-6 N by E. N by E. 10-0 22 0 || 29-118 || 46-8 | 43-6 | 3-2 rie 0-9 | 06 | NbyE. NNE. 10-0 June 3 0 0 || 29-175 || 47-5 | 44-0 | 3.5 ” To.ago | Et | 0-4 | _NNE. NNE. 10-0 2 0 || 29.234 || 46-5 | 43-9 | 2-6 1-1 | 0-4 | NEby N. NNE. | 10-0 4 0|| 29.277 || 45-2 | 43-1 | 2-1 1-1 | 0-6 | NE by N. NNE. | 10-0 May 314 7, New silk put upon the wet bulb thermometer. June 24 22h, ‘The maximum temperature given is rather doubtful. The maximum at one time was observed to be 61°5. If 66°1 is an accurate indicate, the leap must have been sudden. OBSERVATIONS, MAy 28—June 3. 1843. SPECIES OF CLouDs, &e. . Patches of scud moving quickly: scud + linear cirri; line of scud creeping along N. horizon. Snow seen on some of the surrounding hills, and lying on the ground an hour ago. . Scud and loose cumuli. passing showers. +5 . Scud ; raining, heavy shower of hail lately ; sky to N. . Low masses of scud and cumuli: cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli + long ranges of cumuli and nimbi, of great height, to E.; raining heavily to E. and S.; sky electric looking. . Scud + ranges of cumulo-strati to N.; patches of mottled cirri. . Loose cumuli + cirrous clouds. . Thick cirro-cumulous secud ; sky to N. Id., more dense +~ scud and cumuli on N. horizon; sky getting more to NE. . Scud and loose cumuli + cirrous clouds to NE. Id. +— thin cirri to E. Id. + linear cirri to NE., lying WNW. to ESE.; raining heavily to S. At 2 27™ black, loose, ragged scud began to move from N., W., and E., and the wind began to blow 0-7 lb. from SSW. . Scud moving from various directions, chiefly from SW. by S., and also from N. by E.; rain. . Patches of scud moving from E., NE., and W.: cirro-cumulous scud + cumulo-strati to S.; rain. . Patches of scud : cirro-cumulous scud + thick cirrous haze; solar halo. . Scud ; light rain. Id.; rain. Id.; heavy rain. . Homogeneous ; light drizzle. ide: id. . Scud ; light rain. Id.; id. lighe id. liGls id. idee id. Id. ; id. Id. ; id. dss id. ligk id. Id. ; id. likes id. Id. ; id. ide; id. Id.; id. . Scud, nearly homogeneous ; light mist ; broken a little to E. and ESE. . Scud + cirrous clouds. Id. Id. [up, moving from NE. - Homogeneous scud; half an hour ago the clouds were moving from S., the wind changed suddenly to NNE,, and a lower stratum of scud sprung . Homogeneous scud ; mist; light rain just commenced. Id.; id. ; id. Scud; light rain. ae; id. . Scud + an opening to NNE. where cirrous clouds are seen. Id Id. + cirro-strati on NNE. horizon. Id. Id.; light rain. Id. ; id. 131 Observer’s Initial. waddue adeudddee d4duddeew 2dgeaddee 132 DaIty METEOROLOGICAL HANG THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Bano: z ae aa SSN SHS i Max. Guan Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from ee Observation. Corrected.|| Dry. | Wet. | Diff. |.naMin. eee Wind. Clouds. he} yer in. 2 ° by ° in. Ibs. Ibs. 0—10. 6 0 || 29-313 || 44:3 | 43-2 | 1-1 1-4 | 0-3 | NE by N. NNE. 10-0 8 0 360 || 43-7 | 42-6 1-1 1-2 | 0-5 NE. NNE. 10-0 | 10 0 396 || 43-9 | 43-3 | 0-6 0-9 | 0-7 | NEbyN. NNE. 10-0 48-0 0 0 41.9 || 0092 | 1-2 18 0 || 29-660 || 43-7 | 41-8 | 1-9 1-8 | 0-5 NE. NE. 10-0 20 0 682 || 43-9 | 40-8 | 31 | yo 1-1 | 06 | NEbyE. NE. 10-0 22 0 690 | 44-0 | 40-5 | 3-5 | Aon 1:5 | 0-7 NE. NE? 10-0 0 0 693 || 43-1 | 41-5 | 1-6 soos dt eu? NE. 10:0 2 0 694 || 43-4 | 41-8 | 1-6 1-2 | 0.6 | NEbyN 10-0 4 0 687 || 44-1 | 41-7 | 2.4 1-5 | 0-7 NE. 10-0 | 6 0 682 | 42-6 | 41-3 | 1-3 0:8 | 0-8 | NEbyN 10-0 | 8 0 695 | 42-2 | 41-6 | 0-6 0-9 | 0-2 | NEby N 10-0 | 10 0 691 || 42-1 | 41-3 | 0-8 0-5 | 0-4 NNE. NNE 10-0 18 0 || 29-688 | 43-7 | 43-0 | 0.7 0-6 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 700 | 46-6 | 45.0] 16 | ,34 0-4 | 0.3 NNE. NNE 10-0 22 0 711 | 48-0 | 46-4 | 16 | 472 0-5 | 0-4 | NNE. NNE. 10.0 OO 71d || 49-9) 01 4763.00) <0 0.179 | 24 | 02 | NEbyN NNE. 10-0 2 0 714 | 49-5 | 47.0 | 2-5 0-6 | 0-2 N, N by E. 10:0 A 40 706 || 52-4 | 48-9 | 3-5 0-2 | 0-0 N by W. 9.9 6 0 690 | 51-9 | 48-6 | 3-3 0-0 | 0-0 N by W. 9.9 | 8 0 680 | 51-4 | 48-5 | 2.9 0-1 101 | Nby Ww N. 9-9 10 0 667 | 48.2 | 46.4 | 1-8 0-0 | 0-0 N 10-0 | 18 0 || 29-571 || 47-8 | 46-0 | 1-8 0:0 | 0-0 10-0 | 20 0 559 | 51-4 | 47-3 ).41 | 55.5 0:0 | 0-0 10-0 22550 534 || 52-7 | 46-8 | 5.9 | Jo 0-6 | 0-5 | WSW Ww 9-3 | 0 0 502 || 53-4 | 47-2 | 6-2 0.006 | 03 | 0-5 WSw. 5-0 2 0 457 || 57-0 | 51-0 | 6-0 0:3 | 0-6 | Sby W Wsw 10-0 4 0 419 | 56-2 | 52-8 | 3.4 0-6 | 0-2 | SWbyS SSW 9.9 | 6 0 359 || 56-3 | 53-9 | 2-4 0:3 | 0-0 SSW 9.9 8 0 299 || 55-4 | 51-9 | 3-5 0-4 | 0-4 | SbyE S 9-9 | 10 0 225 || 53-3 | 50-8 | 2-5 1-1 | 0:5 SSE S by B 10-0 18 0 || 28-912 || 53-3 | 50-2 | 3-1 2.2 | 1.2 SSE S by W 3.0 20100 881 | 53-8 | 50-0 | 38 | 25 2-6 | 1.2 S S by W 7-0 22 0 854 | 56-3 | 51-5 | 48 | Jo. 3-6 | 1-4 | Sby W S 10-0 0 0 836 || 55-0 | 50-8 | 4.2 o-1es | 28 | 34 | SWhys S by W 9.5 2 0 809 || 58-0 | 52-9 | 5-1 3:4) | 1-8: sla" S by W. SSW 8:0 4 0 789 || 58-0 | 53-0 | 5-0 3:3 | 2-4 | Sby W.v S by W 9-0 6 0 776 || 53-6 | 50-1 | 3-5 2-8 | 0-4 | Sby W S by W 9.8 80 747 || 54-0 | 49.2 | 4.8 2-4] 0-7 | SbyE. s. 9.9 10 0 716 || 52-2 | 48-7 | 3.5 2:0 | 2-8 SSE. S. 10-0 18 0 || 28-618 || 50-7 | 49.2 | 1.5 2-7 | 0-4 | Sby E. S by W. 10-0 20 0 | 28-656 | 53-0 | 51-9 | 11 | go, 0-3 | 0-0 W. 10-0 22 0 | 28-726 || 56-7 | 52-0 | 4:7 | Agi 0:7 | 0-5 | WobyS. W. by N 9-7 0 0 || 28-804 || 53-3 | 48-8 | 4.5 ere ei| aes | Sees. W. 9-9 2 0 || 28-860 || 55-2 | 50-2 | 5-0 19 | 1-6 | Wby 8. v. W. 10-0 4 0] 28-915 || 58-2 | 51-4 | 6-8 2-4 | 1-3 WAw. W. 9-8 6 0 || 28-966 || 54-6 | 50-7 | 3-9 2-9 | 1.2 | WSW.v. W. 9:8 8 0 || 29-019 || 52-9 | 49-6 | 3.3 2-1 | 0-6 | SW by W. W. 10-0 10 0 || 29-078 || 52-0 | 48-7 | 3.3 1:9 | 1-6 W. v. W. 10-0 18 0] 29-248 | 51-2 | 48-3 | 2.9 1:9 | 0-8 W. W: Nw. 9.7 20 0 315 || 52-7 | 49.5 | 32 | 7) 1:0 | 0-6 W. v. NW. 9.9 22510 370 | 57-6 | 51-8 | 5-8 | fo. 1:0 | 1-2 |NwbyN.v.||W: Nw by W: NNW. 4.0 June 74, Several swallows found dead, either from the cold or the want of food. June 94, The River Tweed about 5 feet above its mean height. ! eee eae oo OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 3—9. 1843. 133 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. h. 6. Scud ; smart showers. 8. Id.; light rain. 10. Id. dau | .; a few drops of rain. ; light rain. id. 3 rain. . Scud ; rain. . Homogeneous scud. . Scud. .; afew drops of rain. id., occasionally ; clouds breaking. . Scud and loose cumuli ; sky to N. ids; id. E. . Cirro-cumulous scud, moving very slowly + cumuli on N. horizon; cirro-strati to E, id. id. id. . Cirro-cumulo-strati, stationary ; cumulo-strati and cirro-strati on E. horizon. Id. [very lately. . Cirro-cumulo-strati, moving slowly + cirro-strati to N. and E.; black to S.; the wind commenced blowing . Cirrous scud and loose cumuli. . Scud. Id.; sky to SSE. Id. + cirro-strati to E.; a shower of misty rain half an hour ago. Id. + cumuli to N.; cirro-strati to E. . Cirro-cumulo-strati. . Scud + cumuli on E. horizon. Nigh” = id. ; a few drops of rain. Id. ; light rain. Id. + cirrous clouds; cumuli on horizon. Id. +— mottled cirri and cirrous haze ; heavy showers occasionally. . Scud and loose cumuli + linear and woolly cirri and patches of cirrous haze; heavy showers occasionally. . Scud + cirrous clouds. Id., some of it very low + cirrous haze. Id. ; light rain. Id. ; the clouds have a bluish appearance to E.; a few drops of rain. Id.; light rain. . Scud and cumulo-strati + cirrous clouds. . Scud; occasional showers ; sky to W. Id.; id. Id. + cirrous clouds; drops of rain. Id. +— id. Id. Id. . Patches of loose scud to S.: cirrous scud + large cirro-cumuli and thick masses of cirro-strati and haze. . Dense mass of cirro-stratus + patches of scud to 8.; broken to N.; shower of rain. [horizon. . Scud: scud: cumuli and cirro-strati; currents of the lowest scud varying from N. to W.; cumulo-strati on Wes Wes nnwss wos dowss weds ss we sswwss ows srwss MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 21 134 Datty METEOROLOGICAL 64:7 | 59-6 | 5-1 66-0 | 60-0 | 6-0 64:8 | 60-1 | 4:7 61:0 | 56-7 | 4-3 57-0 | 55-0 | 2-0 5740 56:3 1-1 61-0 | 59-0 | 2-0 65-5 | 62-7 | 2-8 oe 65-6 | 62-5 | 3-1 66-7 | 63-4 | 3-3 65-3. | 62-8 | -2-5 64-2 | 61-2 | 3-0 62-4 | 60-0 | 2:4 59-5 | 57-3 | 2-2 51-5-| 49-5-| 2-0 56-1 | 52-3 | 3-8 61-3 | 55-2 | 641 ae 63:3 [55-8 ||) 7-5 64-1 | 55-8 | 8-3 61:8 || 54-2 | 7-6 60-0 | 55-0 | 5-0 57-7 || 51-87 |°.5-9 54-6 | 52-3 | 2-3 51-2 50-9 | 0-3 54-8 | 52-9 | 1-9 BOO 5505) les} as 64-1 | 58-6 5-5 : 59-9 | 54-7 | 5.2 58-9 | 54:0 | 4-9 53-0 | 52-3 | 0-7 53-4 | 51-9 | 1-5 59-9) 51-6) |) 1:3 54-0 | 53-0 | 1-0 60-8 | 58-0 | 28 | Gow 63-0 | 57-6 | 5-4 | 2). 65:0 | 59-4 | 5-6 |? 61-3 | 56-9 | 4.4 57-3 | 55:0 | 23 58-7 | 54.2 | 4.5 55-0 | 53-2 | 1-8 53-8 | 51-0 | 2-8 66-5 49-2 52:0 | 50-5 | 1-5 0-000 0-005 0-007 0-056 0-074 ANEMOMETER. uessure: Direction of Max. | Pres. Wand: lbs. Ibs. 0-2 0-1 NNE? 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 W. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 SSW. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 SW. 0-0 0-1 SW by W? 0-0 0-3 SSW. 0:7 | 0-7 | SWbyS. 1-4 0-8 SSW. 1-7 1-3 SW. 1-9 0-6 SW by S. 1:3 0:3 SW by S. 1:3 0-4 SW by 8. 1-4 0-1 W by S. 0-6 0-2 SW by W. 1.2 1-2 WSw. 1-2 | 0-6 W by S. 1-9 1:5 W by N. 2-3 1:8 W.v. 1-3 0-2 W. 1-1 0:8 NNW. 0-7 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 0-1 SSW. 0-4 0-2 SW by 8. 0-7 0-4 SSW. 0-4 0-1 SSW. 0-2 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-2 | 0-1 SSW. 0-1 0:3 SSW. 1-6 | 0-7 SW by S 1-3 | 0-7 | SWbyS 1-9 0-5 SW. | 0-9 0:3 SW. 0-3 0-5 SW by W 0-6 0-0 0-2 0-0 0-6 1-7 0-0 Clouds moving from SW? WSwW. WSW. WSw. WSwW. WSW. W by 8. WNW ?: WSW. WNW. W: W by N. W. W. W by N. NW. NW by N. NW. W. SSW : NW. WSW : NNW. WSW : NW. SW : NW. SSW ?: N? SSW. W by S: SW. SW: WSW. S by W. WSW. SW: W byS. WSW ? W by 8. W. W. 7-0 18. OBSERVATIONS, JULY 24—30. 1843. 149 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. > 3 Dee 2g s) Cirro-cumulous scud and cumuli. Dark lowering masses of scud have moved up, at first deeply tinged with red near the horizon. Linear and woolly cirri + patches of cirro-cumulous scud to N. and SW.; cirro-strati to E. Cirro-cumulo-strati + linear cirri to N. Id. +— detached masses of cumuli to N. and E.; dense cirrous haze. Scud and cumuli, moving very slowly + cirrous haze, Id. + id. Scud + cirrous haze. Id. Td. Cirro-cumulo-strati. Homogeneous. Id. Scud + dense cirro-stratus and haze. Ile es id. - Id. +— id. Id. + id., and thick cirro-cumuli. Id. + id. ids -«— id. Id. + cirrous haze ; thin cirro-cumuli; clouds to E. slightly tinged with red. Scud to W.: patches of cirro-cumuli + mass of linear cirri and cirrous haze, fringed with curled cirri; cirro-strati to E.; watery cumuli on Scud + a few patches of linear cirri and cirro-strati to E. [Cheviot. Scud and cumuli: cirrous scud + detached masses of cumuli on N. and E. horizon. Id. +— patches of cirri. Td. + id. ; cirro-cumuli. Cirro-cumulous scud +- cumuli round horizon; rain to E. Thick masses of scud +~ cirrous scud ; passing shower; cumulo-strati on horizon. Dark scud +- cumuli; shower. 682 10™. A complete double rainbow. Scud + cirrous haze to W. ‘ Ragged and cirro-cumulous scud, and cirro-cumuli + linear cirri and cirrous haze to E., fringed with curled cirri; cirro-strati; clouds on Cheviot ; about 4° of a solar halo visible, being at the southern extremity of the horizontal diameter ; in the midst of it is a parhelion about 1° in diameter shewing prismatic colours, this is in interlaced linear cirri. 184 30™, The lowest scud from SSW., the upper cirro-cumulous scud from W. Scud: woolly cirro-cumuli, becoming haze near horizon and thick and ribbed to E.; sky in zenith; portion of a colourless halo visible ? Masses of scud : large cirro-cumuli + thick cirrous haze to E. Scud : cirro-cumulo-strati. Masses of scud : dense mass of cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze. Patches of scud to S.: dense mass of heterogeneous cirri, moving very slowly. Id.: Adis light rain. Scud + dense cirrous haze. Homogeneous scud. Cirrous and cirro-cumulous scud: woolly cirro-cumuli. [0°8 lbs. Scud, moving rapidly: cirrous scud and cirrous-edged cumuli. 20" 10™. The wind commenced blowing Scud and cumuli + beautiful ranges of cumuli to E.; cirro-strati to E. Scud. Two currents of scud; dense cirro-stratus and haze. Scud ; heavy showers. Scud and cumuli + cirrous clouds to E. Scud + patches of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri, and cirrous haze ; a double rainbow lately. Scud. Id.: cirrous scud + cumulo-strati on N. horizon. MAG. AND MET. oss. 18438. | 2p Zegqvedeha dgungddun Heeeqqarh ae Saar eSSRo Sere Seer 4 150 Gottingen Mean Time Bano- of METER Observation. Corrected. d:- ih. )+m% in. July 30 20 0 29-546 22 0 567 July 31 0 0 584 2, 0 581 4 0 575 6 O 576 8 0 594 10 0O 605 18 0 29-528 20 0 508 22010 503 Aug. 1 0 O 490 210 496 4 0 494 6 0 491 8 0 477 10 O 472 18 0O 29-352 20 0O 334 22 0 304 AU. 27010 270 2,0 238 4 0 197 6 0 149 8 0 176 10 O 165 18 0O 29-103 20 0 115 22°70 126 Aug. 3) 0".0 129 2 0 121 4 0 130 6 0 136 8 0 141 10 O 145 18 0 29-132 20 O 145 22-0 152 Aug. 4 0 0 155 2 0 184 4 0 197 6 0 228 8 0 257 10 O 275 18 0 29-411 20 O 434 22 0 444. PN, BBY (Oe (0) 458 2020 455 4 0 447 6 0 432 DatLty METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS, Dry. (| Wet feDuh tu yan 56-6 | 53-9 | 2-7 582 (|'52-3 | 59! | oe 59-7 | 55-7 | 4-0 66-1 | 59-7 | 6-4 64:0 | 56-0 | 8-0 60-0 | 54-2 | 5:8 55-9 | 51-9 | 4-0 53-8 | 50-3 | 3-5 52-4 | 50-7 | 1-7 54-6 | 52-3 | 2-3 56-2 | 544 | 1-8 ae 58-8 | 56-4 | 2-4 61-0 | 58-0 | 3-0 59-0 | 56-9 | 21 59-1 | 56-7 | 2-4 57-7 | 55:3 | 24 55-8 | 54-4 | 1-4 54-3 | 52-7 | 1-6 56-5 | 54.0 | 2-5 57-8 | 550 | 28 | ce 0 60-8 | 57-5 | 3-3 60-4 | 56-8 | 3-6 63-0 | 59-0 | 4-0 63-7 | 58-9 | 4-8 56-3 | 54-4 | 1-9 55-1 | 53-3 | 1-8 54-4 | 53-8 | 0-6 57-0 | 56-0 | 1-0 CO || EHO a) cae aes 65-3 | 59-4 | 5-9 65-6 | 58-9 | 6-7 66-0 | 58-3 | 7-7 61-0 | 56-6 | 4.4 55-3)| 63-8. 1-5 52-3 | 51-7 | 0-6 52°39) 51:3) M0 58-0 | 56-0 | 2-0 62-3 | 58-3 | 40 oan 66-9 | 59-7 | 7-2 61-0 | 56-3 | 4-7 64-0 | 59-0 | 5-0 57-1 | 55-9 | 1-2 57-3 | 56-6 | 0-7 55-6 | 54:8 | 0-8 50-6 | 48-4 | 2.2 54-6 | 50:8 | 3-8 59:0 | 929. || 6st i coe F fe 46-2 62-0 | 55:0 | 7-0 63-1 | 56-0 | 71 63-1 | 56-6 | 6-5 57-8 | 53-0 | 4:8 0-193 0-121 0-026 0:068 0-004 0-150 ANEMOMETER. Eressure: Direction of Max. | Pres. Wipe Ibs. lbs. 0-0 | 0:0 ‘te, 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-9 | 0-7 | NW by W. 0-9 | 0-3 W. 0-5 | 0-1 W by N? 0-2 | 0-0 | SW by W? 0-4 | 0-0 0:7 | 0-5 | SW by W. 1-4 | G9 | SW by W. 1-8 | 1-2 SW. 2-3 | 0-6 SW. 1-6 | 1-2 SW. 1-4 | 0-2 WSW. 1-3 | 0-4 SW. 1-3 | 0:3 SW. 0-9 | 0-0 0-4 | 0-0 | Sby EB? 1-0 1:0 Sby W. 1-1 | 0-7 S by W. 1-5 | 0-7 S. 1-2 | 0-4 s. 1-1 2-2 SSW. 2-1 | 0-2 SSW. 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 1:0 | 0-7 SW. 0-9 0-8 SW. 1-1 | 0-6 SW. 1-2 | 0-3 WwW? 0:7 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-1 N. 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-4 | 0-1 SW. 0-4 | 0:3 Sw. 0-7 | 0-5 | SW by W. | 0-8 | 0-2 | SW by W. 1-1 | 0-8 | SW by W. | | 14 | bl | SWbyS. | 1-9 | 0:7 SW. | Clouds movin g from Nw. W by N. WNW. WNw. W by N. NW by W : NNW. WNW? SW : SW. WNW. WNW. W by N. W: W by N. W by N: WNW? Wsw. | WSw. WSW : W by S. SW. OBSERVATIONS, JULY 30—Avcust 5. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. h . Seud. . Cirrous scud and cirrous-edged cumuli. . Scud. . Cirrous scud + masses of curled and flame-cirri, pointing from N. . Cumuli to E. and S.; cirrous haze and linear cirri. . Scud + dense cirrous mass. . Patches of secud: sky nearly covered with cirrous haze and linear cirri, dense to W., whence branch off fine parallel cirri; beautifully mottled and papillose cirri-like strings and masses of beads. . Scud + cirrous haze. Id. Id. + dense cirrous clouds and haze. Id. + Ids; heavy rain. Id. + dey: light rain. : ey mass of scud in ranges +~ loose cirro-cumuli; occasional patches of sky. . Seud. Id. + cirro-strati to NE. Id. + cirrous mass. Id. + id. Id. + dense cirro-stratus and haze. Id. + id. Id. + ids light rain. Id. + id. ; id. Id. + id. ; id. a) ald. . Scud and cumuli + cumulo-strati on E. horizon. [wind lately. . Patches of seud : moist-looking cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri + sheets of cirro-strati; heavy showers with . Scud, cirro-cumulous scud. . Thin seud + thick cirro-cumulous and cirrous mass; openings to SW. and N.; light rain. . Scud, cirro-cumulous scud +— thick cirrous mass to N, and E.; woolly cirri to SW.; loose cumulion N. and . Cumuli and scud: cirrous scud: woolly cirri + ranges of cumuli near horizon. [S. horizon. . Ranges of cumuli: cirrous scud, woolly cirri + cumulo-strati to N. . Loose scud and ranges of cumuli +— woolly cirri and cirrous haze to E. . Scud and cumuli + sheets of woolly cirri. Tdi; the scud, thin below; cumuli in ranges and near the horizon, mixed with cirro-strati ; to the NE. ragged castellated cumuli; varieties of cirri; a few drops of rain, . Thick masses of woolly and brush cirri to W. moving slowly + white cumuli, nimbi, and cumulo-strati. . Scud + cirri. . Scud, moving slowly. . Cirrous scud, moving slowly ; slight shower. . Woolly cirri or cirrous scud + piles of cumuli near horizon. . Cirrous scud and cumuli; showers around. [peals of thunder. . Thick scud + piles of cumuli on horizon; cirrous clouds and cumuli; heavy shower; one or two faint . Cirrous scud +— piles of cumuli all round the horizon. . Scud; misty to N., E., and S.; electric-looking to W.; heavy shower. Id. + cirrous scud; masses of loose scud lying low on Cheviot. Id. . Masses of scud near the horizon. . Patches of loose scud : masses of thin cirro-cumulous scud. . Cirrous scud: sheets of woolly cirri +—- ragged cumuli on horizon. . Scud + ragged cumuli on horizon. Id. + id. . Masses of cumuli: cirro-cumuli, undulated to §S. . Scud + cirrous clouds, cirro-strati to E.; light rain. 151 bserver’s Initial | i) Sewonas wees srwss wows ween ss weds ss weds ss ww Wass Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. DN ios ip) Aug. 80 bo bo SCmMOODRNONOS Aug. 10 — Aug. 11 0 OOO .O:O 3O OO S Osi OO SO 20 OOO CO. O1O7OrO i) iw) SSeS) i=) (=) = SS SSS) ceooocooco OOF BARO- METER Corrected. DaIty METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. lees 56-3 | 53-2 | 3-1 52:8 | 49.0 | 3-8 66-1 46-2 49-2 | 47-2 | 2.0 53-9 | 51-7 | 2.2 62:4 | 581 | 43 oe 61-8 | 58-7 | 3-1 59-2 | 56-9 | 2.3 60-7 | 57-8 | 2.9 59-3 | 58-3 | 1-0 61-5 | 60-2 | 1-3 61-5 | 60-5 | 1-0 57-7 | 57:7 | 0:0 57-7 | 57-7 | 0-0 60-8 | 60-1 | 0-7 ae 64-3 | 63-5 | 0-8 : 68-6 | 65-0 | 3-6 66:0 | 62-6 | 3-4 64:3 | 61-3 -|- 3:0 57-0 | 56-8 | 0-2 56-5 | 56-0 | 0-5 53-2 | 52-0 | 1-2 56-8 | 53:0 | 3-8 58-8 | 54-9 | 3-9 ae 62-3 | 56-3 | 6-0 65-2 | 57-0 | 8.2 66-3 | 56-3 | 10-0 63-2 | 56-7 | 6-5 58:3 | 56-0 | 2-3 53-5 | 52:3 | 1-2 47-2 | 46-6 | 0-6 57-3. | 55-0 | 2.3 586 | 54-7 | 3.9 | O29 62:2 | 55-6 | 6-6 63-1 | 56-1 | 7-0 63-1 | 54.9 | 8.2 61-9 | 54-1 | 7-8 56:8 | 53-6 | 3-2 53-1 | 52-1 | 1-0 50-4 | 49-7 | 0-7 55-2 | 54.0 | 1-2 A 63-7 | 58-8 | 4-9 me 66-0 | 60-8 | 5-2 68-1 | 621 | 6-0 66-4 | 61-2 | 5-2 64.6 | 59-9 | 4-7 61-0 | 58-6 | 2.4 55-9 | 55-0 | 0-9 0-060 0-171 0-067 0-000 0-000 ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Direction of Max. | Pres. iG: lbs, lbs. 2-7 1:6 SW. 3-2 0-6 WASW. 1-4 2-2 0-0 0-1 0-0 SW by W? 0-0 0-0 0-3 0-2 S? 0-8 0-4 S by W. 1-5 0-5 SSW. 0-5 0-1 SW by 8. 0:6 0-6 SW. 0-3 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-4 0-0 SW. 1:5 0-1 SW by S. 1-5 0-8 SW by S. 1-3 0:0 0-0 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-1 NNE. 0-0 0-0 NNE. 0:0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 0-1 NE by E? 0-2 0-1 ENE. 0-2 0-1 ENE. 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0:3 0-1 SW. 0-7 0-3 SSW 0-5 0-2 SSW 0-2 0-1 SSW. 0-4 0-1 SW by 8. 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 Clouds moving from SW : WSW. SW ? NW by N. SW? SSW. SSW : WSW. SW by S: SSW. WNW : SSW. WNW : SW. W. W by S: SW. WNW : SSW. NNE. NE by E: NNE. N by E. NNE. NNE. N by W. SE: NW. Wsw. NNW : NNW. NNW. W ? W. W by S. W by S: NNW. Wsw. W by S: NNW. OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 5—11. 1843. 153 A a4 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. ae | Dew 28 ae h. 8. Patches of scud: scud + masses of cirri, cirro-strati to E. B 10. Id. + cirro-strati to N. and 8. B I 18. Linear, woolly, and mottled cirri + cirro-cumuli. 20. Linear cirri and cirrous haze, 22. Patches of scud on E. and S. horizon; dense mass of cirro-stratus. 0. Masses of scud +— thick cirrous haze ; light rain. 2. Scud — id; a few drops of rain. 4. Smoky scud: cirrous scud + woolly cirri; clouds breaking. 6. Homogeneous scud ; occasional showers. 8. Two currents of scud. 10. Seud ; occasional showers. 18. Scud, nearly homogeneous; light rain, mist. 20> es Id, id. ; id., id. 22. Homogeneous seud ; rain till 21" 45™. 0. Two currents of scud + cirrous haze. 2. Seud; raining towards Cheviot. 4. Id. + cirrous clouds. 6. Scud, hanging in ragged curtains and dropping rain, moving quickly + cirrous clouds. 8. Thin scud, cirrous clouds; showers; scud low on Cheviot. 10. Seud; cirrous clouds. 18. Woolly cirro-cumuli and cirro-cumulo-strati. 20. Id. + cirro-strati and linear cirri to NW. 22. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-strati to E. and W.; patches of mottled cirri. [strati to SE. QO, Cirrous-edged cumuli, moving very slowly, apparently acted on by different currents ; feathered linear cirri to W. pointing from SSW. + cirro- 9. Cirrous-edged cumuli, as before: masses of cirro-cumuli, rather large at the middle and getting gradually smaller, till at the edges they become small points almost indistinguishable from haze, the cirro-cumuli move faster than the cumuli + cirro-strati and haze to SE. 4, Ragged-edged cumuli from W., the edges near the zenith breaking into zigzag cirrous fragments, which move in various directions +~ woolly cirri; hazy to E. 6. Ragged-edged cumuli as before: linear cirri, civro-cumuli of all sizes, small cumulo-strati, &e. + cumulo-strati; cirrous haze to E. 8. Cumuli and scud: beautiful ranges of cirro-cumuli to E., flame-cirri in zenith, mottled cirri to W. alllying from SSW to NNE. 10. Cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati, and cirrous haze. damon = geun sere egenn odes loads cia 18. Loose cumuli, the edges broken into patches which dissipate + thick mass of linear cirri to E., range of small cumuli to NNE., heavy mist on the ground. BY 20. Two currents of scud. B | 22. Cirrous-edged cumuli + patches of cirri. W | 0. Id. and seud. W | 2. Id. W iY 4. Ragged-edged cumuli, in ranges on §. horizon. B | 6. Cumuli on §. horizon. Ww I 8. Scud to 8. and W.: flame-cirri to W. +— cumuli on S. horizon. W iI 10. Cirro-cumulo-strati; a streak of hazy cirrus moving across the face of the moon. W iY 18. Cirro-cumulous scud : cirrous clouds over the sky, in uniform sheets having a sort of stratified form point- ing from NNW. to SSE., the lowest portions of it becoming cirro-cumulous at the edges. B | 20. Patches of seud + homogeneous cirrous mass through which the sun is seen like a bright spot one-half his diameter: a bright strip to E. B 22. Linear cirri and cirrous haze + cirro-strati near horizon ; patches of scud. WwW 0. Scud, moving slowly + thick cirrous haze. WWE 2. Id. id. WwW 4. Scud: a dense mass of cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + linear cirri and cirrous haze. W Yt 6. Scud. W I ; 8. Cirro-cumulous scud : flame and linear cirri -— cirro-strati to W. | W | : 10. Cirro-cumulous scud, cirrous clouds and haze all deeply tinged with red at 95; patches of cirro-cumuli. W iY MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1848. 2a Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. o ooo ooocoeco eocoococoo$t 0 0 0) 0 ‘ 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BaRo- METER Corrected. Datty METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Wet. Diff. Max. and Min. ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Max. Direction of Dae Wind. SW by 8. SW. SW by S. SW by 8. SW by S. WSsw. NE. Clouds moving from SW by S. W by S. W by S: WSW. W. NW by W: W by N. W by S? SW. : SSE. SE? S$? S and SSE. 8. Ss. SSW ? SSW ? NE by N. ENE. NE by E: SE. SE by E. NE: SH by E: ESE. NE:S. NE. SW. SW: WNW. OBSERVATIONS, AuGust 11—17. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. A patch of mottled cirrus to NW.; very hazy round horizon; heavy dew. Scud + streaks of linear cirri to W.; hazy on horizon. Patches of clouds near horizon, loose cumuli on S. horizon, cirrous haze to NW. Patches of seud +— linear cirri to NW.; cumuli on N, horizon; cirrous haze round the horizon. Loose-edged cumuli: woolly cirri. Mottled, linear, hazy, and diffuse cirri +- ranges of cumuli on horizon, Scud : cirri, nearly as before. Scud, moving very slowly. Scud. Loose scud to 8.: large cirro-cumuli, Patches of cirro-cumuli. Patches of cirri, moving slowly +— cirro-strati and haze near horizon. Small patches of scud, increasing +— cirri. Ragged-edged cumuli +- mottled cirri and cirrous haze. Large cirro-cumuli + cumuli and seud on E. horizon. Cirro-cumuli + linear cirri and cirrous haze; a bank of scud and loose cumuli on EF. horizon. Varieties of cirri, lying in patches and sheets in all directions +~ cirro-strati, the edges breaking into cirro- Loose cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze, cirro-strati. [cumuli. Thin smoky scud + dense scud on E. horizon; cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri. Seud. Two currents of scud. [cirrous haze. Scud ; heavy rain since last observation from the lowest scud, just ceased, that current having disappeared ; Thin smoky scud : cirrous scud : woolly cirri; heavy showers. Id., homogeneous: woolly cirro-cumuli seen at 34 30™, Scud, nearly homogeneous. IGE id. Homogeneous. Homogeneous, misty. aes id. Id., id. Id., id. Pinnacle-cumuli to §.; hazy on horizon. The clouds broke up at 1. Id. id. Patches of clouds to 8.; haze on horizon. Scud and mist came on rapidly about 72. Very thick mist. Thick mist. Id. Scud: patches of cirri; the clouds have just broken, the mist clearing off. Cauliflower and pinnacle-cumuli round the horizon except to NE.; a few patches of linear and radiated cirri. The vane still points NE, About 1» the cumuli to the W. began to break in cirrous edges, while patches of scud came up from S. or SW., the temperature having risen to 76° at 1h 20m; at 15 45m the sky became nearly covered with scud and nimbi, and rain began to fall; the wind also rose, blowing from WSW; the temperature fell to 69°. Scud, pinnacle and ragged cumuli and nimbi; light rain, heavy to NE. 3. Several peals of thunder from NE. and E., distant. Cirrous-edged, piled, and cauliflower cumuli, broken into cirrous scud + linear cirri and cirrous haze. Scud: cirro-cumuli + piles of cumuli on horizon in a sort of haze; electric-looking. Loose and pinnacle-cumuli + linear cirri, cirrous haze round horizon ; light mist falling. Linear cirri; mist. Scud + cirro-cumulo-strati to W. and NW.; heavy dew. Id. Id. 155 Observer’s Tnitial. | Saree eeaue WEQ beeen sese Sees unvee Hosen ss Bast wWasw Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. a. Aug. 18 wNonwoe = CSCNOOM COADANOF Aug. 19 COE bb Aug. 20 Aug. 21 Aug. 22 0 10 18 20 22 Aug. 24 0 2 4. _ or SS O-O OOSea) SxS) cooooo ooocooooooo ooooeoces ococooooooo SooSCoSooosE Baro- METER Corrected. 64-9 50-6 44:8 52-7 47-7 39-2 45-2 54:4 62-0 67-6 67-7 DaIty METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Wet. Diff. 66-4 3-7 67-3 6-9 68-0 7-6 65-6 6-8 63-9 2-7 61-0 | 2-0 54-0 0-6 57-0 0-6 63-0 1-9 67:4 5-2 66-0 | 10-0 66-5 | 10-6 66-0 8-6 64-9 4-1 62-0 2.9 43-6 1-4 47-8 2-1 52-7 3-4 55:8 4:8 55-0 6-4 52-5 6-4 52-0 5-1 51-0 4-0 51-4 3:8 51-3 2-1 53-0 2-0 54-9 1-7 56-6 1-4 56-6 1-7 56-3 3-0 54:6 3-9 §2-2 2-0 49-4 1-2 44-0 0-8 50-2 2:3 51-7 4:3 53-0 4-4 53-7 7:5 53-7 7-7 52-1 6-4 50-1 2-6 47-0 0-7 38-1 1-1 44-3 0-9 52-7 1-7 57:3 4-7 59-0 8-6 57-9 9-8 Max. and Min. 78-7 51-8 64-7 41:0 63-4 51-7 61-6 40:3 62-4 36-5 0-000 1-411 0-000 0-128 0-058 | 0-000 ! ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Direction of Max. | Pres. Ryo lbs. lbs. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 0-0 E. 0-2 0-1 SE by S 0-1 0-0 SSE. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 SE by S. 0-2 0-1 SSE. 0-2 0-0 0-3 0-1 SSE. 0-1 0-0 SSE. 0-1 0-0 SSE. 0-5 1-1 0-0 0-1 0-0 WSW 0-1 0:3 SW by W 0-3 0-1 WSW 1-1 0-4 SW by S 1-2 0-9 SW by 8S 1:0 0-5 SSW. 0-8 0-5 SSW 1-2 0-3 SSW 2-0 1-1 S. 1-1 0-5 8, 1-2 0-5 S by E 0-8 0-5 8. 1-9 0-1 SSW. 0-4 0-1 SW. 0-7 13 SW. 0:3 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-8 0-3 SW. 1-9 0-8 SW by S. 1-9 1:5 SW by 8. 10:17, 1-2 SW by S. 1-2 0-7 SW by 8. 1-57 1033 SW. 0-4 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 | | 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 SW? 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | O-l 0-0 | 0.2 SW. Clouds moving from SSW ? SE and SW. SSW. S by W. SW by 8. NNW? WSw. WSw. WSw. SW. SSW : SW by 8? SW by S. S by W: SW. Sby W. S by W. S by W. S by W. SW by W:S by W. WSW :S by W. SW. SW. SW. SW : SSW. SW. SW. SW. | SW. ————— | OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 18—24. 1843. 157 n we SPECIES OF CLOUDS, Ke. > g Be ou ss i h. 0. Misty cumuli round horizon, broken cirrous masses; very hazy to E, B : 2. Loose cumuli; very hazy round horizon. B | 4, IG § milxy haze near the horizon. W | 6. Cirrous scud ; very hazy near horizon. WwW ‘ 8. Cirro-cumulous scud; thick haze. WwW 10. Homogeneous. B ; 18. Thick fog, apparently no clouds above; heavy dew. Ww | 20. de id. ; the sun’s disc faintly visible. WwW 22. Hazy on horizon. B 0. One or two patches of scud +— large masses of cumuli to W.; patches of light cirri to S. [halo. W | 2. Woolly cirri in zenith + cumuli with cirrous crowns to NW. ; patches of cumuli; upper portion of a solar B | 4, Cirrous-edged cumuli + hazy on horizon. ; WwW | 6. Patches of clouds; cumuli to SE.; haze on horizon. WwW 8. A mass of pinnacle-cumuli to S.; cirro-strati to E.; cirrous haze and linear cirri round horizon. B 10. Cirro-strati to NW. B | 93. A tremendous thunder-storm occurred during the night. The thunder was first heard about 12}, the storm attained its height about 145 | when sometimes three bright flashes were secn in the course of as many seconds, the thunder occasionally rattling in half a second after the lightning: thunder was heard till about 174 but distant. This storm was felt all over Scotland, many accidents occurred. 1°411 inch of rain has fallen since midnight. 18. Linear cirri, becoming cirrous haze to E.; cirro-strati to SW. B | 20. A patch of cirrus +— cirro-strati and cirrous haze. B 22. Scud and loose cumuli. Ww | 0. Td. Ww | D, Id. Ww 4, Dark scud and cumuli + linear cirri to E. [ance. WwW | 6. Scud: woolly cirro-cumuli + rows of cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati; the sky has a very disturbed appear- B 8. Cirro-cumulous scud + cirro-cumuli in bluish cirrous haze. W 10. Scud. W 18. Thin smoky scud : cirro-cumulous scud, breaking in scme places into the finest cirro-cumuli + fine woolly cirro-cumuli and cirri; clouds of all tints from white to blue in frequent alternation. 20. Scud + a homogencous mass ; rain. 22. Id. + id. id. | 0. Id. id. id. 2aelidk id. id. 4, Id.: cirro-cumulous scud; cirrous haze. | 6. Dark, heavy scud to N.: cirro-cumuli and patches of cirri + cumuli on S. horizon ; raining to N. / 8. Id., black cumuli and a dark mass of cirrous-edged cloud + cirro-stratus and haze on E. horizon; raining to SE. | 10. Scud. [and here lately. } 18. A range of scud to S. + cirrous-edged cirro-strati to E.; masses of cirri to S. | 20. Id. id. id. $| 22. Masses of loose and ragged cumuli: sheets of mottled cirri, cirro-cumuli, and cirro-strati. 0. Cumuli and cirrous-edged scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon; a shower lately. | 2. Masses of cumuli. ' | 4, Td. + patches of cirri to W. | 6. Id. + cirrous haze to §. | 8. Scud and cumuli on N. horizon; cirro-strati and haze on SE. horizon. | 10. Clouds on W. horizon. | [dew. 18. Thick fog + fine cirro-cumuli, linear cirri and cirrous haze to E., the sun’s image well defined in it; heavy | 20. Smoky scud + large cirro-cumuli to W.; cirrous haze to E. 22. A bink of cirrous haze to E.; patches of cumuli near the horizon. 0. Loose detached cumuli + cirrous haze on EK. horizon, | 2. Loose cumuli and scud + cirro-strati to 8.; black to SE.; cirrous haze to E. | 4, Loose-edged cumuli and cirrous scud. SSSSRe Sevssesun fe eeeceun MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. QR 158 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. d. h Aug. 24 6 10 Aug. 25 0 Aug. 26 0 Aug. 27 0 Aug. 28 0 Aug. 29 0 Aug. 30 i=) —) eooococoocoo ooocoocoocoon oooococoodoo COS 6: S:9'O'O:O coeooocoococdco ©.6:908 BaRo- METER Corrected. 802 848 29-916 931 942 938 938 935 943 941 963 29-935 Daity METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. MO 65-2 | 58-7 | 6-5 56-2 |°53-2 |. 3:0 52-7 | 51-8 | 0-9 48-9 | 48-0 | 0-9 53-3 | 521 \ot-2 60-9 | 55-0 | 5-9 he 64:6 | 57-3 7:3 66-3 | 57-4 | 8-9 63-2 | 56-8 | 6-4 60:6 | 57-0 | 3-6 59-0 | 56-4 | 2-6 56-6 | 54-9 | 1-7 50-2 | 49-8 | 0-4 53-2 | 51-8 | 1-4 61-2 (57-9 | 33 | gee 64:0 | 58-0 | 6-0 65-2 | 59:0 | 6-2 53-4 | 53-3 | 0-1 53-7 | 53-4 | 0-3 50-9 | 50-3 | 0-6 51-0 | 50-3 | 0-7 66-6 42-8 46-8 | 46-5 0:3 52:0) 150-8) | 1-2 SO) |) EN Ee || ea 62:3 | 57-8 | 4.5 61-2 | 57-9 | 3-3 63:0 | 59-6 | 3-4 62:9 | 60:0 | 2-9 60:7 | 60-0 | 0-7 60-2 | 60-0 | 0-2 50-7 | 49.4 | 1.3 52:0 | 49-4 | 2-6 55-9 | 51-1 | 4-8 ne 58-1 | 51-5 | 6-6 62:7 | 54:3 | 8.4 i 63-1 | 54-8 | 8-3 61-0 | 53-3 | 7-7 55-3 | 50-3 | 5-0 48-8 | 46-9 | 1-9 40-0 | 39-7 | 0-3 SE) ua: 55:3 | 51-7 3-6 37.2 60:0 | 54-4 | 5-6 64-2 | 56-7 | 7-5 62:9 | 54:0 | 8-9 61-2 | 54:5 | 6-7 54:6 | 52:0 | 2.6 51:0 | 50-0 | 1-0 49:5 | 48-5 | 1-0 0-000. 0-000 0-330 0-000 0-105 0-000 | ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Direction of Max. | Pres. Ryand: lbs. lbs. 0-4 0-2 S by E. 0-2 0-2 SSE. 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-9 0-9 Ss. 1-9 1-2 S by W. 1-9 0-9 8. 1:8 0-4 S by W. 0-6 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 0-0 SW by S. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-6 0:3 SSW. 0-6 0-1 SW. 0-4 0-1 SW. 0-4 0-0 SW. 0-3 0-4 WSW. 0-4 0-0 0-2 0-2 SW. 0-8 1-4 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-6 | 0-6 S by E 1-1 0-9 Sby E 2-9 | 1-4 Sby E 2-5 1-0 Ss. 1-7 1-4 s. 1-4 0-4 8. 0-6 0-2 SW. 1:3 0-2 WNW. 0-4 0-1 WSW. 0-4 0-1 WNW. 0-5 0:3 NW by W. 0-9 0-5 W. | 0-8 0-1 W by N. 0-5 0:3 W. 0-3 0-2 WAW. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0.2 0:0 W. 0-2 0-0 SW? 0-1 0-0 NNW. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 Clouds moving from S. S: WSW. SSW. SSW. S: SSW. S by W. Sby W:Sby W: SSW. | S by W. S by W: SSW :S by W. SSW ?: SSW. SW. SW. SW. SW. SW. WSsw. WSsw. SSW. 8. 8S. SSW. SSW. 8? NW and NNW. W by Nand Nw. || Ww. WNW. Ww. WNW. | Ww. W by 8. } W. W. i SSW. WSw. OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 24—30. 1843. 159 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. . Cirrous scud and cumuli + linear cirri to S.; hazy to E. . Scud and cumuli: thin cirrous haze and light cirri over most of the sky. . Sky almost covered with thin cirrous haze and linear cirri; patch of seud to W. . Cirro-cumulous scud and woolly cirri + thick mass of cirro-strati to E. and SE.; mist; heavy dew. - Loose cirro-cumuli, mottled and feathered cirri, cirro-cumuli to E. having the appearance of a bridge + cirro-strati to E.; range of cumulo- 22. Masses of loose cumuli: sheets of cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E. [strati to N. 0. Loose cumuli + patches of cirro-strati. 2. Detached cumuli: cirro-cumulous scud : thin mottled cirri. 4, Scud + thick mass of cirrous clouds ; cirro-strati and cumuli to E.; a few drops of rain. 6. Id. + id. ; id. 8. Loose scud near horizon: cirro-cumulous scud. 10. Scud. 18. Cirrous scud to W.: feathered and woolly cirri to 8. + thick mass of linear cirri and cirrous haze to E. 20. Cirri; haze to E. 22. Scud and loose cumuli. 0. Td. + cirrous clouds. 2: Id.; dark scud to SW. 4. Scud + thick cirrous haze. Thunder and heavy showers at 3}, 6. Id. + cumuli on 8. horizon; heavy shower. 8. Scud and cirrous clouds near horizon. 10. Seud. . Woolly cirri and large woolly cirro-cumuli +— cirro-strati round horizon. . Thick nearly homogeneous cirrous mass +— cirro-strati to E.; a few drops of rain. . Thick mass of cirro-cumulous clouds, scud and cumuli to S.; clouds breaking, sky to N. and S.; cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. and S. . Scud + dense cirrous mass. lid. == id. 1 Re id. ; black to N. . Loose scud +~ cirrous clouds ; a few drops of rain. . Thin scud, nearly homogeneous ; light rain. Tae id. ; light rain; the wind blew 0:8 lb. in a few minutes after this. . Scud and cirro-cumuli to SE. ; cirro-strati on E. horizon ; fine linear cirri to W. . Cirro-strati to E. and to W. lying NE. to SW. . Loose cumuli and scud + cirrous haze to E. Id — id. [from W. . Loose cumuli in detached masses which have an internal motion from NW. and W., the whole moving . Loose cumuli. Id . Cirrous haze to E.; patches of loose cumuli to E, . Very clear, not a speck of cloud to be seen. . Cirro-strati to N.; heavy dew. . Linear cirri to E.; patches of clouds to E. . Loose cumuli + linear cirri and cirrous haze to E. . Loose cirro-cumulous cumuli. Td. Id.; cirrous haze to W. . Loose gray cirro-cumuli, scattered over the sky, which is quite milky. Id. id. . Cirro-cumulous scud + cirrous clouds and cirro-cumuli. on dduuddduu gaa | Observer’s Initial. SZ WW enn nSs Hessen ss Hess nss 160 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. Sept. 1 Sept. 2 0 Sept. 3 0 Sept. 4 0 | Sept. 5 0 | Sept. 6 O i) COIS: 9O°OrO OO OOS OOOO O-S101. 9S) O39 OS SO SS. CSC O8S1O C19 SO OO SO O20. OOO OO 20 Ooos8 Baro- METER Corrected. 30-199 200 189 162 139 111 “101 107 088 30-065 065 058 048 038 025 DaIty METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Dry. 53:0 56-7 63:3 67-1 67-0 62-7 59-3 58-1 59:3 58:3 65-4 66-7 66-3 68-1 66:8 60-7 59-0 60-0 62-3 67-4 71-0 70-6 69-9 68-1 63:5 61-9 51-0 53-9 58-0 60-2 62-2 63-0 61-2 55:5 50:6 39-7 46:8 53-4 60:0 65-9 68 2 65:2 59-6 57:1 54-0 59-0 66-8 72-2 71-2 72-2 Wet. Diff. 51-1 1-9 53-0 3-7 56-0 ri) 59-1 8-0 59:8 7-2 58-4 4-3 56-8 2:5 56-2 1-9 54-4 0:9 57-6 0:7 62-6 28 62-6 4-1 62-6 3-7 64-0 4-1] 63-7 3-1 59-0 1-7 58-0 1-0 58-2 1:8 60-4 19 64-1 3:3 66-9 4-1 67-8 28 65-0 4-9 63-1 5-0 62-2 1:3 60-4 1-5 47-4 3-6 52-9 1-0 52-9 5-1 52-3 7-9 53-1 9-1 53-3 9.7 52-9 8:3 51-0 4:5 47-9 2-7 38:6 1-1 44-8 2-0 49.9 3:5 54:8 5-2 59-1 68 58-9 9-3 58:3 6-9 56-2 3-4 55:6 1:5 52-7 1-3 57-2 1-8 62-7 4-1 66-0 6-2 65-0 62 66-0 6:2 Max. and Min. aon w= Qo Go 70-9 56-5 63-4 36:8 68-6 49-7 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-010 | ANEMOMETER. | Pressure. _| Direction of | Max. | Pres. Wand: Ibs neared 0-0 | 0-0 | WobyN. 0-0 | 0-0 W by N. 0:0 | 0-2 SW by S. 0-0 | 0-2 | SWobys. 0-2 | 0-0 WSW. 0-2 | 0-0 | swoys. | 0:0 | 0.0 SW by S. || 0:0 | 0:0 | NW by Ww? 0-2 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 | SW by W. | 0-1 0-0 WSW. 0-1 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-1 | 0-0 0-1 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-2 0-1 WSW. 0:3 | 0-0 0-4 | 0-5 | SW by w. | 0-5 | 0-0 0-3 | 0-1 | SWby W. 0-4 | 0-3 | WodyN. 0-5 0-0 W by N. 0-1 | 0-0 | Woy 8s? 0-2 | 0-1 | SW by w. | 1-9 3-6 | 0-6 | WbyS. 0-6 0-4 WSW. i 0-7 0-5 NW. 1:0 | 0-4 NW. 1:0 0-5 NNW. 1-0 1-1 NNW. 0-6 | 0-1 0-4 | 0-1 0:3 | 0-0 SW. 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 | 0-1 SW. 0-1 | 0-0 | 0-4 0-2 NW by N. | 0-4 | 0-2 | NW by W. | 0:0 | 0-0 | 0-1 0:0 Ww? 0-1 0-0 I | 0-1 | 0-1 WodyS. | 0-1 | 0-0 | 0-7 | 0-0 W bys. | 0-1 0-0 WbyS. | it | } | | Clouds moving from W by N. W. WwW? SW by W. W. SSW. WSw. WSW. W by N: W. W. W. W. Ww w. Ww WNW. WNW. || NW by W : NW by W.| NW by N, NNW. NW by N. NW by N. NNW. NNW. NW. NW by W. NW by W. NW : NW. WNW. W by N. W. 3-3 . Ph a Ee oe ha Ot OS OO OBSERVATIONS, AUGUST 30—SEPTEMBER 6. 1843. 161 Te eee eee eee eee eee eee n He SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. P S od Qa =) ney 20. Cirrous haze and linear cirri. 22. Fine cirro-cumuli, becoming very small at the edges, lying in lines from NW. ; linear cirri lying in diffe- rent directions, chiefly from NW.; woolly and flame cirri, all moving slowly; cirrous haze to E. Q. A few patches of woolly cirri or cirrous scud? + sky nearly covered with fine linear cirri and cirrous haze; solar halo. 2. Thick large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze to FE. 4, Thick cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati round horizon. 6. Thin scud, moving slowly +~ thick cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze ; slight rain lately. 8. Thick cirrous clouds, black cirro-cumuli below; a little ago, sky seen with beautifully mottled and feathered cirri and cirro-cumuli. 10. Cirrous clouds ?; sky in zenith. 18. Cirro-cumulo-strati +- linear and mottled cirri to E.; cirro-strati on E. horizon; loose seud lying on 90. Id. +— cirro-strati to E. [Cheviot. 22. Id. ~ id. 0. Scud + thick cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati on horizon. 2. Id. + cirrous clouds. 4, Id. + 1d: loose cumuli on N. horizon. 6. Cirro-cumulo-strati + loose scud near horizon. 8. Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze; dark to E.; light rain, 10. Scud and cirrous clouds. 18. Seud + thick mass of cirrous clouds. OM), lila = id. 22. Cirrous scud: woolly cirro-cumuli; cirrous haze. 0. Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds. Do Nie = id. 4h Jil B= id. 6. Id. + id. 8 0 . Cirro-cumulo-strati and cirro-strati; cirrous haze to E. 10. Scud + cirrous haze. WHESeenes wo Seeqrses Hosen <= 18. Beautiful strata of mottled, reticulated, and woolly cirri, the lines lying at right angles to the direction of the strata; patches of scud to SW. 20. Sheets of thin, woolly, fretted, and cirro-cumulous cirro-strati, lying from WNW. streaks of fine mottled cirri; cirrous haze; loose cumuli on Cheviot. 22. Loose cumuli, agitated by different currents: large woolly cirro-cumuli to N. and E. + cirro-strati to N. 0. Loose cumuli + cirro-strati to N. and E. {and EK. 2, Id. oo id. 4. Scud and loose cumuli + cirrous haze to NE. 6. Id. a id. 8. Cirro-strati to NE. 10. Streaks of cirro-stratus to NE. 18. A sheet of cirro-stratus to E.; heavy dew. 20. A strip of cirro-stratus to NE. 22% Id. 0. Id. 2. Sheets of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri, cirro-strati + cirro-strati and cirrous haze on NE. and N. horizon. 4, Id., id. — id. id. 6. Id., id. ~ id. id. 8. Id., id. 10. Thin scud, cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati; light shower; a lunar rainbow for a few minutes, quite complete. 18. Cirro-cumulo-strati +— patches of woolly cirri above cirro-strati to I. 20. Id. — id. 22. Masses of loose cumuli and scud to W.: sheets of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri + cirro-strati on horizon. 0. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-cumuli; cumulo-strati on I. horizon; dark to SW. 2. Cirro-cumulo-strati + cumulo-strati to SE. ; cirro-strati. 4. Woolly cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + cumuli on S§. horizon. WHEW SSdnsegnw senodsssuw bs to MAG. AND MET. oss. 1848. 162 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL Gottincen THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Quane Mean Time BAEC lls Raw || 5. tity of nena all Dey. | Wet ners Max. Gaver. | ee Direction of Clouds moving from of Observation. Hy 2 y * land Min. \SMfanlepeese Wind. Clouds. di) he? yam. in. 2 be ¢ 2 in Ibs. Ibs. 0—10. Sept. 6 6 0 || 30-018 || 68-7 | 64.4 | 4.3 0-2 | 0-1 WSw. W by N. 3-0 8 0 026 || 62-5 | 60-7 | 1-8 0-0 | 0-0 W by N. 7-0 10 0 028 | 60-7 | 59-0 | 1.7 0-0 | 0-0 8.0 18 0 || 30-040 || 44-1 | 43.0 | 1-1 0-0 | 0-0 WSW: W? 4.0 20 0 056 | 52-3 | 51-0 | 13 | wo 6 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 22 0 054 || 60-3 | 54-8 | 5-5 ve ; 0-1 | 0-1 Wsw. 0-3 Sept. 7 0 0 052 || 65-6 | 56-4 | 9.2 grooo eee nes Sw. 0-1 2:0 039 | 69-0 | 59-0 | 10-0 0-4 | 0-3 | SWdbyS. 0-1 4 0 033 || 71-3 | 61-8 | 9-5 0-6 | 0-0 | SW by W. 0-2 6 0 027 || 68-0 | 61-0 | 7.0 0-3 | 0-0 0-4 S300 038 || 59-0 | 57-2 | 1-8 | 0-1 | 0-0 0-1 10 0 048 || 54-2 | 53-3 | 0.9 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 18 0 || 30-051 | 42-0 | 41-2 | 0-8 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 20 0 055 || 49:3) 47-8 | 15 | 714 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 220 057 | 59-9 | 56-6 | 3:3 | 40. 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 Sept. 8 0 0 051 || 71-5 | 63-2 | 8.3 6000) Osta Ox Sw. 0-2 2 0 027 | 75-6 | 65:8 | 9-8 0-2 | 0-0 SW. 0-3 4 0 009 | 76-3 | 65-0 | 11-3 0-0 | 0-0 WSsw. 1-0 6 0 000 || 73-6 | 67-8 | 5-8 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 8 0 007 || 62-8 | 60-0 | 2-8 0-0 | 0-0 1-5 10 0 017 || 56-6 | 54-9 | 1-7 0-0 | 0-0 3-0 18 0 || 29-993 || 49-3 | 48-9 | 0.4 0-0 | 0-0 1-5 20 0 | 30-006 | 52-0 | 52-0 | 0-0 i 0-0 | 0-0 2.0 22 0 || 30-009 | 60-0. | 58-9 | 1-1 | joy 0:0 | 0-0 0-5 Sept. 9 0 0 || 29-985 || 69-3 | 64-0 | 5:3 | ““" IA oa, | 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 2 0 || 29-945 || 75-6 | 64-3 | 11-3 0-2 | 0-1 SE 0-3 4 0 || 29-923 || 76-0 | 63-8 | 12-2 0-6 | 0-2 SSE 1-0 6 0 || 29-915 || 70-9 | 60-8 |10-1 0-3 | 0-1 SSE 0:5 8 0 || 29-922 |) 62-3 | 58-4 | 3.9 0-3 | 0-0 0-3 10 0 || 29-920 || 54-7 | 54-3 | 0-4 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 76:7 Sept.10 0 0 46.4 || 0-000 |) 0-2 18 0 || 29-675 || 57-9 | 57-4 | 0-5 0-3 | 0-0 SE 9:0 20 0 || 29-729 || 59-7 | 59-3 | 04 | 214 0-0 | 0-0 SE by S. | 10-0 22 0 | 29-763 | 62-0 | 61-2 | 08 | pa. 0-2 | 0-1 | NEby N. NE : SSE. | 65 Sept. 11 0 10 || 29-798 || 65-2 | 62.6 | 2-6 Were Oe, On NE. EB: SE: SSE. | 8:0 2 0 || 29-832 || 68-3 | 64.6 | 3-7 0-2 | 0-1 WSW and NNW: SEbyE.|/ 10-0 4 0] 29-869 || 63-1 | 61-6 | 1-5 0-6 | 0-2 | NEbyN. 10-0 6 0] 29-904 || 61-8 | 60-5 | 1-3 0-3. | O-1 NNE. ENE, | 8-0 8 0 || 29-948 || 59-6 | 59-0 | 0-6 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 10 0 || 30-002 || 57-2 | 57-1 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 18 0 || 30-087 || 58-0 | 57-7 | 0-3 0:0 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 124 | 57-9 | 57-6 | 0:3 | 794 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 22 0 136 || 60-0 | 59-3 | 0-7 A : 0-0 | 0-0 E? 10-0 Sept.12 0 0 144 | 63-3 | 61-9 | 14 | °°? | oo, || 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 2.0 133 || 67-7 | 64:3 | 3-4 0-2 | O-1 ENE. SSE and SE. | 7-0 4 0 117 || 64-6 | 61-9 | 2-7 | 0-5 | 0:3 ENE. | 10 6 0 110 || 64-7 | 61-2 | 3-5 SsinltOe ENE. | 1-0 8 0 131 || 59-3 | 58-7 | 0-6 | 0-2 | 0-1 ENE. S. | 95 10 0 131 || 56-2 | 55-6 | 0-6 | 0-1 | 0-12] BNE. | 8:0 18 0 || 30-086 || 47-0 | 46-6 | 0-4 | 0-0 | 0-0 | 3-0 20 0 083 | 50-7 | 50-1 | 0-6 | .54 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 22 0 069 || 55-2 | 54-7 | 0-5 | 449 0:0 | 0.0 | SSE. | 10 | Sept. 944". When the dry and wet thermometers were carried to the H. end of the Observatory the readings were 75°S and 62°2, OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 6—12. 1843. 163 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. 3 ce j=) h. . Woolly cirro-cumuli, moving slowly +- cirro-strati to E., sheets of cirro-cumuli. Id. + cirro-cumulo-strati to W., cirro-strati. Cirro-cumuli; a dark mass of cirro-cumulous scud to W. . Fog on the ground : sheets of fretted woolly cirri. . Diffuse cirri. . Light cirri to N. Id. NE. . Small patches of cirrus, thin cirrous haze on E. horizon. . Diffuse cirri to NE. Id. Small patches of cirrus, cirrous haze to E. . Beautifully clear. . Patches of mottled and diffuse cirri, cirrous haze to I.., fog, heavy dew. Id id. id., id. ; . Streaks of cirro-stratus to NE. . A few patches of cirro-cumuli. . Bundles of flame-like and curl cirri to N. and NW.,, cirrous haze on N. borizon. . Curled, mottled, and flame-like cirri; hazy on horizon. . Pathes of cirrus, thick cirrous haze on 8. and E. horizon. Id. . Thin cirrous haze covering a great part of the sky. . Patches of cirri; thick fog and very heavy dew. Id. id. id. Ikalse cirrous haze on N. and E. horizon. Id. ; id. Id. ; id. . Thin cirri forming ; id. . Diffuse cirri; brown haze to E. . Cirri and cirro-strati to N. and NW. . Streaks of cirri and cirrous haze to N. Cirro-cumulous scud +~ loose scud ; rain during the night. . Scud + loose misty scud, very low, creeping along N. horizon. [streaks of mottled cirri. . Thin smoky scud, very low, moving quickly, sometimes covering the whole sky : masses of woolly cirrous cloud or loose cumuli, moving slowly ~- . Thin scud: scud: woolly scud + fine cirri. . Smoky scud in two currents, lately : woolly scud + cumuli to S. . Homogeneous misty scud. . Thin misty scud +- loose cumuli to SW.; general haze. . Thick misty scud. Id. . Fog. Id. . Homogeneous seud ; fog. Id. ; fog, distant. . Woolly loose cumuli; hazy. . Loose cumuli on §. and E. horizon ; hazy on horizon. . Loose cumuli and scud on E, and 8. horizon; hazy on horizon; streaks of cirri to NE. . Loose, ragged, detached, smoky seud. Id. . Clouds near the horizon, thin fog, heavy dew. . Thick fog. . Loose cumuli, patches moving across the zenith evaporate ; clouds of mist rising from the ground to E. dduddddue dududdduw ddowddguw dao weg weddeweds odddunndd 164 Dairy METEOROLOGICAL we THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. | Gottingen Quan- Mean Time Banro- RAIN tit of MG } Max. GAUGE. | Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from a Corrected yr Diff, eal Observation. orrected.|| Dry. Wet. 1. Jand Min. M Wind. Clouds ax. | Pres. a. -h, m in. ° ° ° ° in. | lbs. Te, | 0-10, Sept.13 0 0 | 30-036 | 62-1 | 58-4 | 3-7 000T NO Leto SSE. SE? 0-3 2 0 || 29-995 || 65-9 | 59-0 | 6-9 se 3|-0-3) |) SE by-B: 0-3 4 0] 29-958 | 64.0 | 56-8 | 7-2 + | 0-2 | SE by S. | 0-2 6 0 || 29-936 | 59-6 | 55-6 | 4-0 0-5 | 0-2 SE. 0-2 8 0 || 29-931 | 52-6 | 50-9 | 1-7 -- | 0-0 0-2 10 O || 29-910 || 47-8 | 46-8 | 1-0 0-0 0-1 18 0 || 29-807 || 43-9 | 43-7 | 0-2 =--~.[) 0-0 SE. | $0 20 0 798 || 50-0 | 49-6 | 0-4 | gx 4 seen 180°0 10-0 22 0 | 798 | 55-7 | 55-0 | 0-7 | 37. 0-1 SE ? NE. | 165 = u 2 . Sept. 14 0 0 783 || 62-4 | 57-8 | 4-6 0-000 0-0 ENE? Various. 1-3 2 0 757 || 65-6 | 59-1 | 6-5 0-4 | 0-3 ENE. SSE : SSW. 4.0 4 0 755 || 64-8 | 58-2 | 6-6 0:3 | 0-2 | NEby E. Ss. 7.0 6 0 753 || Glu | 57-2 | 3-8 ea Os1 NE. S. | 9.0 (o0) 763 || 57-0 | 55-7 | 1:3 een Ort NE? | 10-0 10 0 761 || 56-2 | 55-3 | 0-9 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 18 0 || 29-753 || 55-9 | 55-3 | 0-6 be |022 NE. | 10-0 20 0 776 || 57-0 | 56-4 | 0-6 65:8 Peon |O:0 10-0 22 0 773 || 59-9 | 58-5 | 1-4 Bale 0-4 | 0-3 NE. NE. 10-0 Sept.15 0 0 756 || 64-4 | 61-0 | 3-4 aan | OF 0-4 NE. ESE? | 0-3 2 0 733. || 67-9. |°63-2. | 4-7 ; | 0-6 | 0-5 | NEbyE. | 0.2 4 0 711 || 67-2 |59-1 | 8-1 0-5 | 0-5 NE. 0-3 6 0 717 || 63-0 | 58-0 | 5-0 0:4 eee 2.0 3710 730 | 56-7 | 54-8 | 1-9 0-3 | 0-0 ESE? 0-2 10 20 745 | 51-8 | 51-2 | 0-6 0-2 | 0-0 0-2 18 0 || 29-763 || 46-0 | 45-9 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0 | 4.0 20 0 783 || 49.6 | 49-3 | 0-3 pote 0-0 | 0-0 Ss 9-0 22 0 782 || 58-2 | 57-0 | 1-2 ae 0-1 | 0-0 1:3 Sept.16 0 0 782 || 69-9 | 64-4 | 5-5 PEN Pee ee | SS S:SbyE | 7-3 2 0 767 || 71-9 | 63-4 | 8-5 | 1-3 | 1-2 S by W. S:S | 5.0 co) line es | ics | see ie oN) 797 || 59-2 | 58-8 | 0-4 0-0 | 0-0 Sby W:S | 3.0 10 0 831 || 55-6 | 54-9 | 0-7 0-0 | 0-0 | 0-8 Sept. 17 0 O 74.2 0-7 SSW. | Si 48-6 18 0 || 29-758 | 53-8 | 53-7 | 0-1 0-7 | 0-0 | SWbyS. SW : SSW. | 9-0 20 0 751 || 60-3 | 59-1 1-2 0-9 | 0-7 | SWbyS. SW. | 7-0 22 0 762 || 63-3 | 59-0 | 4-3 Ae 2-1 | 18 SW. SW by 8. | 7-0 Sept. 18 0 0 755 || 67-7 | 63:5. | 4:2 ; oosa | 23 1-4 SW. SW. | 9.5 2 0 773 || 66-1 | 62-6 | 3-5 ; 9.7 | 1-3 SSW. Sw. (10-0 |. 4 0 827 || 59-2 | 56-7 | 2-5 1-1 | 0-1 Ww. SW. | 10-0 6 0 858 || 59-6 | 56-1 | 3-5 10.1 | 0-1 W? SW. | 9.5 8 0 918 || 54-3 | 52-2 | 21 0-2 | 0-0 7-5 10 0 951 || 50-3 | 49-1 1-2 | O-1 | 0:0 2-5 18 0 || 30-069 | 39-3 | 38-7 | 0-6 0-1 | 0-0 | 2.0 20 0 093 | 43-4 | 430 | 04 |. . | 0-0 | 0.0 SW. | 4.0 22 0 103 | 51-0 | 49:7 | 13 | ony | 0-0 | 0-0 SW. | 4.0 Sept.19 0 0 095 || 59-7 | 55-1 | 4-6 , Morty (alee | Oe SW. 8-0 2 0 066 || 64:0 | 580 | 60 iam 0s0/8|0:0 Sw. | 3.0 4 0 037 || 66-2 | 59-9 6-3 | 0-2 | Q-1 ESE? SW. 9-5 6 0 027 || 59-3 | 56-1 | 3-2 0-0 | 0-0 SW. 9.5 | | September 134 7h—144 23h, The suspending cord of the Anemometer weight having broken, the observations during this period were estimated. OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 13—19. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. 0 PRL OF Patches of loose cumuli; hazy to E. ligls id. . Cumulo-stratus on E. horizon. . Scud and loose cumuli low on E. horizon. Id. Id. . Scud. L Thick fog. ; f [ground to E. . Thin seud, much of it having a rotatory motion +~ loose-edged cumuli on horizon; mist rising from the . Loose cumuli moving from all directions between ESE, and SSW., breaking into ragged patches which vanish before reaching the Prime Vertical; mottled cirri and cirrous haze to S. and E, . Cirrous scud : varieties of cirri + cirro-strati to S. . Cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri and cirrous haze + patches of cumuli to N. . Cirro-cumuli and thick cirrous haze + patches of scud on E, horizon, Id. — id. ; red to NW. . Homogeneous; a few drops of rain. . Homogeneous. Id. lige foggy cloud. . Patches of loose cumuli + cirrous haze to W. . Patches of scud to N. and of cirro-strati to S. . Sheets of cirro-cumuli, mottled cirri and cirro-strati to S.; patch of scud to N. . Large cirro-cumuli + masses of scud on E. horizon; woolly and mottled cirri to N. . Patches of cirro-strati and cirro-cumuli. Id. . Foggy. Id.; linear and woolly cirri. . Cirro strati and linear cirri to N. Loose cumuli: cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri; cirro-strati on horizon. Loose cumuli: cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati on E. and S. horizon. Id. +— haze on E. horizon. Id. +— id. Id. : elrro-cumuli. -+- 174 8h 20™—9h, Much lightning was observed due south, frequent and bright flashes, but often faint ; no clouds nor thunder, . Thin scud : thick secud ; clouds breaking ; thick to E.; sky milky. . Scud + patches of cirro-strati. Id., moving rapidly + patches of linear cirri; cirro-strati on 8. and NE, horizon. Scud + linear cirri. Id. + id. . Thick scud ; occasional showers. . Woolly cirri + patches of scud and dark cirro-strati. . Patches of scud ; cirrous clouds. A faint aurora beyond clouds to N.; slight pulsations. . Red cirro-strati to E.; rather thick fog; heavy dew. Feathered, diffuse, and crystallized-like cirri, moving slowly. . Woolly and curled cirri, moving slowly + large cirro-cumuli to S.; cirro-strati near horizon. . Cirro-cumulo-strati + linear cirri and cirro-strati. . Cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri, and cirrous haze. . Loose woolly cirro-cumuli. Id. +- woolly cirri. MAG. AND MET. OBs. 1843. Q7 165 Observer’s Initial. geggdddug wwddewegs wuddew odd woddow | WEESqne Senn geguaw 166 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. Sept. 20 0 Sept. 21 0 Sept. 22 0 Sept. 23 0 Sept. 24 0 Sept. 25 0 i) SaeKSe SSS) OS Sa SIO) BaRo- METER Corrected. DatLy METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS, Dry! lewetsl| opin) |e 55:0)| 53-70 1 odes 55:3 | 53-7 | 1-6 50-3 | 49-9 | 0-4 50:5 | 50-2 | 0-3 61-7 | 59-1 | 2-6 ve 67-5 | 62-9 | 4-6 66-1 | 61-3 | 4:8 66-8 | 61-7 | 5-1 64-1 | 60-6 | 3-5 59-0 | 57-6 | 1-4 59-3 | 57-8 | 1-5 59-7 | 56-6 | 3-1 60-7 | 57-4 | 3.3 63-5 | 59-0 | 45 oe 64-3 | 58-0 | 6-3 | ©. 63-4 | 56-5 | 6-9 64-9 | 57-6 | 7-3 60-9 | 55-8 | 5-1 51-1 | 50-1 | 1-0 47-2 | 46-1 | 1-1 41-9 | 41-8 | 0-1 45-7 | 45:0 | 0-7 52-4 | 51-0 | 1-4 ae 59-4 | 56-0 | 3-4 66-2 | 59-3 | 69 69-7 | 60-3 | 9-4 64-1 | 60-3 | 3-8 55-3 | 55-02| 0-32 51:0 | 49-7 | 1:3 42:0 | 41-8 | 0-2 45-5 | 45-0 | 0-5 sa0) | 518°) 13 eae 62:8 | 59:0 | 3-8 68-8 | 61-8 | 7-0 71-9 | 62:3 | 9-6 66-1 | 62-0 | 41 61-7 | 59-6 | 21 55-2 | 54-2 | 1-0 71:5 51-5 48-9 | 48-8 | 0-1 48-1 | 47-6 | 0-5 | go» 48-0 | 45-3 | 27 | es 50:0 | 44-6 | 54 |“ 50-9 | 44.4 | 65 50-1 | 44-6 | 5:5 49-0 | 44:9 | 4-1 46-0 | 42-9 | “3-1 43-0 | 41-1 | 1-9 44-2 | 40-9 | 3-3 45-6 | 42-5 | 3-1 47-5 | 43-0 | 4-5 ae 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000 ANEMOMETER. Pre eure: Direction of Max. | Pres, | Wind. lbs. Ibs. 0-1 | 0-0 ESE. 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 | 0:3 S by E 0-7 | 0-3 SW. 0-7 | 0-6 SW. 1-0 1-0 SSW 1:0 | 0-3 SW. 0-5 | 0-2 | SW by W? 1-2 | 0:3 SW. 0-6 | 0-1 0:9 | 0-3 SW. 0:3 | 0:3 WwW. 1:0 | 0-7 NW. 0-9 | 0-5 WwW. 0:3 | O-l 0-2 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 0-0 WNW? 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-1 | 0-0 0-1 | 0-0 NE. 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 S$? 0-2 | 0-0 8 0-1 0:3 0-2 NE by N. 0-2 | 0-0 NE by N. 0-7 0-4 N by E. 0:8 | 0-9 N. 1:5 | 0-9 N. 2:0 | 0-5 N. 0-5 | Ol N by E. 0-2 | 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-4 | 0-2 NNW. 0:3 0-0 N by W. 0-4. 0:3 NNW. Clouds moving from NE. WNYw. NE. NE. NE. N: NNW. N: WNW. N. N by E. Clouds. 0-10. 75 9-8 Led — o> OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 19—25. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. Observer’s Initial. 8. Cirrous scud, woolly cirro-cumuli. 10. Scud ; a lightish appearance to NNW., like aurora. 18. Scud and loose cumuli, moving slowly + cirro-strati; sky hazy ; light mist. 20. Patches of scud: feathered cirri. 22. Tide: woolly cirro-cumuli; haze on E, horizon. 0. Loose cumuli and scud + patches of linear and woolly cirri. 2. Id. id. 4. Scud. 6. Id. + cirrous clouds to N.; cumuli on N. horizon. 8. Masses of scud near horizon. 10. Cirro-strati to N. 18. Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon. DO! wd. «— id. 22. Id. + feathered and woolly cirri. 0. Cirrous-edged and loose cumuli +— varieties of cirri. 2. Masses of scud + cirri and_cirro-strati to E. 4. Loose cumuli + cirro-strati to S. 6. Cirro-strati on S. horizon; cirrous haze on E. horizon. 8. Clear. OS Bld: 18. A streak of cirro-stratus to NE.; light mist. 20. Cirrous scud to N. and NE. 22. Clear. QO. id. 2. Id. 4. A few patches of hazy cirro-stratus to NNW. Gs Id. 8. Id. 10. Clear. 18. Cirro-strati on NE. horizon; stratus in the valleys; heavy dew. 20. Mottled cirri and cirro-strati to N. and E. 22. Streaks of cirro-strati to E. 0. Hazy cirro-strati to E. 2. Woolly and linear cirri + hazy cirro-stratus on E. horizon. 4, Patches of cirri; haze to E. 6. Id. to N. 8 0 SSeS aaa feguegsuy Hews snsgsy veeeseestuw 44 18. Scud + linear cirri and cirro-strati to NE. 20. Woolly cirri and large cirro-cumuli + heavy dense masses of cirro-strati all round the horizon. 22. Scud. . Clear. 10. Id. 18. Scud; slight drizzle. WwW DOs eid. 5 id. Ww 22. Id. + cirro-strati and cirrous clouds. WwW 0. Masses of scud to S.: woolly cirri + cirro-strati to NE. Ww 2. Seud: cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri. WwW 4. Scud and loose cumuli + cirrous clouds. Ww 6. Td. — id. WwW 8. Scud and cirrous clouds. WwW 10. WwW WwW W WwW 168 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL Na THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. | Gottingen Binion Mean Time aa RAIN Pressure. A A G of : Max. ||GAUGE. Direction of Clouds moving from Observation. Corrected.| Dry. Wet. Diff. and Min. Wind. Max. | Pres. d. hem, in ° ) ° ° in. lbs. lbs. | Sept. 26 0 0 || 29-949 || 49-0 | 43-0 | 6-0 0.000 || 9°7 | 9-6 NNW. NNW : N by E. 2 0 914 || 52-7 | 45.4 | 7-3 1-1 | 0-4 N. N. 4 0 862 || 51-4 | 44.4 | 7-0 1:0 | 0-3 N by W. N by W. 6 0 809 | 49-7 | 43-0 | 6-7 0:3 | 0-1 NNW. N. 8 0 760 | 48-3 | 43-8 | 4.5 0-1 | 0-0 10 0 730 | 46-7 | 45-2 | 1-5 0-1 | 0-0 18 0 || 29-627 || 40-5 | 38-0 | 2-5 0-7 | 0-0 N: NW. | 20 0 606 || 43-9 | 40-9 | 3.0 | 554 0-6 | 0-2 NNW. N by W. DOO 599 | 46-7 | 41.0 | 5-7 | 304 1-5 | 1-2 | N by W. N. Sept. 27 0 0 585 || 49-3 | 43-9 | 5.4 0.005 | 1:6 | 0-4 N. N by E. 2 0 571 || 49-3 | 43-7 5:6 1-6 1-0 N by W. Nby E: Nby E. 4 0 568 || 48-6 | 44-0 | 46 1-4 | 0-6 N by W. N by E. 6 0 574 | 43-0 | 41-3 | 1-7 2-1 | 0-2 N by W. N by E. 8 0 582 | 43-2 | 40-9 | 2-3 0-9 | 0-1 N by W. N by E. 10 0 586 || 45-0 | 41-4 | 3-6 0-6 | 0-9 N by W. 18 0 || 29-600 | 40-6 | 38-5 | 2-1 1:0 | 0-2 | NW by W. N by E. 20 0 616 || 41-6 | 39-0 | 2-6 50.2 0-3 | 0-2 | NW by N. N by E. DOFeX0) 623 | 46-6 | 41-7 | 4-9 37.7 1:3 | 0-7 | NWby N. Sept. 28 0 0 623 | 48-1 | 42-2 | 5.9 0.012 || 24 | 22 N by W. N. | 2 0 634 | 50-2 | 44.2 | 6-0 2-2 | 1-6 N by W. N. | 4 0 629 | 51-1 | 44.9 | 6-2 1:8 | 0-8 N. N:N. 6 0 656 | 47-1 | 43-7 | 3-4 16 | 0-1 N. N by W:N. | 3:0 685 | 44-3 | 42-0 | 2.3 0-2 | 0-0 10 0 705 | 42-4 | 40-8 | 1-6 0-0 | 0-0 | 18 0 || 29-741 || 35-0 | 34-4 | 0-6 0-1 | 0-0 NW. 20 0 749 || 35-6 | 34-7 | 0-9 51.8 0-0 | 0-0 NNW. 22 0 746 | 45:0 | 42-9 | 21 30-6 0:0 | 0-0 NNW. Sept.29 0 0 735 || 49-0 | 44-4 | 4-6 0-005 || 92 | 0-1 NW? W: NNW. 20 694 || 53-1 | 47-8 | 5.3 0-3 | 0-5 | SW by W. W : NNW. 4 0 683 | 51-8 | 47-7 | 4-1 05 | 0-1 W by S. W by N. | 6 0 635 || 50-9 | 47-9 | 3-0 0-3. | 0-1 W. W. | 8 0 614 || 49-9 | 47.2 | 2-7 0-6 | 0-2 | SW by W. i 10 0 555 || 48-1 | 47-9 | 0-2 0-7 | 0-3 SW. 18 0 | 29-385 | 53-9 | 52-7 | 1-2 15 | 00 WNW. 20 0 428 | 560 | 54-3 7 | gag 0-1 | 0-0 | . NW by W: Nw. 22 0 468 | 60:0 | 56-8 | 3-2 46-5 0-3 | 0-4 WobyS. || WNW: WNW. Sept. 30 0 0 490 || 64-0 | 58-9 | 5-1 9-259 || 9:9 | 05 WSwW. NW by W. 2 0 512 || 62-2 | 57-2 | 5-0 SSM alot |} iteil Ww. WNW :NW byN. |] 4 0 542 || 62.0 | 57-1 | 4.9 16 | 0:3 W. WNW : NW. \ 6 0 568 || 57:0 | 55-3 | 1-7 0-5 | 0-1 WNW. WNW. 8 0 563 || 55-1 | 54-9 | 0-2 0-2 | 0-1 SW. 10 0 552 || 55-7 | 55-5 | 0-2 0-3 | 0-2 SW. Oct. 1 0 0 reg 0-404 | 1:3 [0-7 | sw. 18 0 | 29-626 || 51-1 | 47-9 | 3.2 2.4 | 0-5 WSW. || WNW:WbdyN. 20 0 658 || 51-1 | 48-0 | 3.1 i 1:0 | 0-5 W. W by N. 22 0 671 Ws430i49-0 so qulmooe 1.6 | 1-6 Wo Swipyennenve Oct. 2 0 0 685 155-6 "50:3 | 6.3m gos F104 |e WNW. || WwW: WNW. 2 0 695 | 57-6 | 50-9 | 6-7 VENICE e.g by N.v. || WbyN: WNW. | 4 0 711 || 56-9 | 50-2 6:7 1-8 | 1-2 W by N. | W by N. | 6 0 731 || 52-1 | 47-6 | 4-5 2:0 | 0:8 W by 8. | 8 0 777 149-3 | 46-5 | 28 0-7 | 0-1 Wsw. WNW: WNW. | 10 0 796 | 46-5 | 44.4 | 21 0-3 | 0-1 WAw. WNW. | | | | | | | | OBSERVATIONS, SEPTEMBER 26—OCcTOBER 2. 1843. 169 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. Observer’s Initial. . Two currents of scud. . Seud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds. Id. + cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati on horizon. Id. + cirrous clouds. h 0 2 4 6. Bi Tigh, eS id. 10 18 Id.; slight drizzle at 9, . Seud: thin cirro-cumuli to S. 2D eral: 22. Large cirro-cumuli + masses of scud near the horizon ; cirro-strati on S. horizon. 0. Scud and loose cumuli. Pee Id.: cirri. 4. Scud and cirrous-edged loose cumuli + loose nimbus to E.; occasional slight showers. 6. Id. + loose cumulo-strati on E.and NE. horizon; nimbi to S. and SE.; passing showers. 8. Scud ; passing showers. Id. 18. Id. 20%) ad: 22. Seud and cirro-strati near horizon. 0. Scud + cirro-strati to 8S. and W. ’ 2. Seud and loose cumuli + cirro-cumuli. 4. Masses of scud : large cirro-cumuli. 6. Id. id. 8. Scud and cirro-cumuli. 10. Scud. 18. Scud + linear cirri to NW. lying ENE. to WSW.:; hoar-frost. 20. Varieties of cirri + cumulo-strati on E., and cirro-strati on S. horizon. 22. Woolly and diffuse cirri with cirrous haze. 0. Masses of scud : woolly and curled cirri. De Id.: large cirro-cumuli. 4. Seud. 6. Id. + cirrous clouds and haze. 8. Id.; a few drops of rain. 10, Heavy rain. 4445 45 eeeqesse fase eeess 454545455 454545 | 18. Scud. 20. Id.: woolly, linear, and mottled cirri. Oh liGlee id. ; cirro-strati on horizon. 0. Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-cumulo-strati to SW. 2 Id.: cirro-cumuli + linear cirri to E.; thick mass of cirro-strati to W. WwW 4, Id.: id. +- dense cirro-strati all round the horizon ; woolly cirri. W 6. Dense homogeneous mass of cirro-stratus ; light rain. W 8. Light rain. W 10. Raining rather heavily. W 18. Masses of scud to NW.: cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri and cirrous haze moving off. AY 20. Masses of seud. MW, 22. Patches of loose scud : sheets of woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli +— cirro-strati to EK. and S. W 0. Loose scud : cirrous-edged, very loose cumuli +— cirro-strati to 8. WwW 2. Scud and loose cumuli: mottled and linear cirri. W 4, Seud and loose cirrous-edged cumuli. We 6. Masses of cirrous scud ; loose cumuli on N. and S. horizon; patches of cirri. W 8. Scud: mottled cirri, causing an indistinct coloured lunar corona about 4° radius. WwW 10. Scud + cirro-strati to S, Ww MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 2u 170 Datty METEOROLOGICAL | Gittingen E THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Quan Mean Time ARO- RAIN Pres C é tity of eee D y Diff Max. ||GauGE. ressure. | Direction of ‘louds moving from of Observation. Corrected. aye Vet. M+ land Min. Wind. Clouds. Max. | Pres. a hy 2m: in. 2, . o © in. lbs. lbs | 0—10. Oct. 218 O|| 29-797 || 47-6 | 45-5 | 2-1 0-5 | O-1 Wsw. W by N. 9-0 20 0 797 OSI Aro REST 0-1 | 0-1 | SW by W. SSW : W. 10-0 ¢ Lyf A 50. 5 35 . d: Ww Hi WAI ol) ee hess ark lao |e we tae | Ge ae ee | esol: 778. a2 452.8 a PABA SW N i 7 : . : . : WSwW. W by N. i0-0 4 0 766 || 57-9 | 52-7 | 5-2 0-6 | 0-2 | SW by w. W: NW by W. 9-8 6 0 761 || 55-0 | 50-9 | 41 0-3 | 0-0 WNw. 9-8 8-0 763 || 53-4 | 51-1 | 23 0-2 | 0-0 SW. : 9-5 10 0 767 || 51-9 | 50-1 | 1-8 0-1 | 0-0 WNw. 9-5 18 0|| 29-780 | 50-3 | 50-0 | 0-3 0-1 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 775 | 50-9 | 50-7 | 02 |. , 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 22 0 a3 259-9) 57:2) 1927 NG 0-4 | 0-7 | WobyN. WNW. 9-8 ee a acl ee Le oe 1050) ti ale) eae ¥ 73 4 0 748 || 63-0 | 57-8 | 5-2 1-6 | 0-9 SW. W:W. 9-0 6 0 754 || 60-0 | 55-8 | 4-2 1-9 | 1-1 | SWby W. w. 9-5 8 0 770 || 58-1 | 55-0 | 3-1 1:0 | 0-1 SW. W. 9-8 10 0 763 | 57-9 | 55-0 | 2-9 0-3 | 0-2 | SWbyS. W. 8-8 a 18 0]|| 29-735 || 55-3 | 51-8 | 3-5 0-8 | 0-2 SW. W. 10-0 20 0 740 | 55-0 | 53-0 | 20 | .,, 0-2 | 0-0 W. 10-0 22 0 736 || 57-0 | 53-7 | 33 | 2° 0-2 | 0-2 | SWbdyS. W bys 10-0 Oct. 5 2 0 723 || 60-0 | 55-8 | 4-2 mo Oe (ae SW. Wsw 10-0 0 694 || 63-3 | 58-1 | 5-2 0-7 | 0-4 SSW. Wwsw 9-8 4 0 664 || 61-0 | 55-6 | 5-4 0-6 | 0-2 SW. Wsw 9-8 6 0 640 || 58-1 | 54-8 | 3-3 0-6 | 0-2 SW. Sw. 5-0 8 0 625 || 55-1 | 53-4 | 1-7 0-1 | 0-0 sw. 9-8 10 0 578 | 55-6 | 53-6 | 2-0 0-1 | 0-1 SW. SW? 10-0 18 0] 29-316 | 58-0 | 54.9 | 3-1 0-9 | 14 | Sby W. SW by S 10-0 20 0 ae Doe SLO OT eG 1-9 ae S by W. pte aa 22 0 7 lh58-1 56:8) [0 13 1:0 | 0- SSW. y 8. : Oct. 6 0 0 196 |hG0'0) e579) 2 oe ome ren 22. [let i sue SSW : SW by 8 9-5 2 0 170 || 61-7 | 58-1 | 3-6 leo 2-7 | 1:6 | SWbyS. SW by S$. 10-0 4 0 135 || 60-5 | 57-5 | 3-0 1:8 | 0-6 | Swoys. | SWbyS:SWby W. | 9-8 6 0 093 | 58-0 | 55-7 | 2.3 1-4 | 0-8 | SWbyS. SSW. 10-0 8 0 064 | 54-7 | 52-9 | 1-8 0:9 | 0-4 | SWbyS. SSW : SW. 7-0 10 0 034 || 53-9 | 53-1 | 0-8 1:5 | 0-3 SSW. SW by S. 9-5 18 0|| 29.031 || 52-7 | 51-7 | 1-0 0-8 | 0-2 | SWby W. W. 8-5 20 0 070 | 54-6 | 53-0 | 16 | go 6 1:0 | 0-2 SW. W. 3-0 22 19 O81 || 57-9 | 54-3 | 3-6 40.4 1-0 | 0:5 SW. W by S. 5.0 Oct: 7, 0" 10 096 || 58-4 | 53-7 | 4-7 : o-1g2.|| 1:6 | 9-6 SW. W by S: W byS. 4-0 2 0 099 | 61-6 | 53-1 | 8-5 Pgulko-60 18 SW. W:W. 7-0 4 0 081 || 58-0 | 51-6 | 6-4 2.8 | 2:0 | SW by W. W by S: W. 2.5 6 0 062 || 53-9 | 49.6 | 4.3 9.4 | 1-1 Sw. W by S: W. 4.0 8 0 049 || 52-5 | 49.9 | 2.6 el (20:2 SW. : 10 0 018 || 50-7 | 50-0 | 0-7 0-2 | O-1 Sw. Oct. 8 0 0 | oe) | 0-253 | 23 18 0 || 30-228 | 39-3 | 38-8 | 0-5 3-8 | 0-0 W. 20 0 229 || 43-0 | 42-7 | 0.3 te 0-0 | 0-0 Ww. 22 0 241 || 48-1 | 46-3 | 1-8 ak 0-0 | 0-0 NNW? Oct. 9 0 0 260 || 50-2 | 47-7 | 2-5 os | 0-2 | O-1 NNW. NW by X. 2 0 296 | 47-7 | 46-6 | 1-1 0-012 | 0.3 | 0.2 | NE by N. NNE. 4 0 343 || 46-9 | 44-5 | 2.4 0-5 | O-l NE. N by W. OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 2—9. 1843. 174 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. . Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon, tinged with red. . A line of loose seud to SE.: scud + cirro-strati to E. . Smoky scud on E. horizon: seud. . Scud, thick to N. + cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati to S. Id. + cirrous clouds and cirro-strati. Id.: woolly cirri, cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati, and cirrous haze. . Cirro-cumulo-strati; cirrous haze. . Dense mass of cirrous clouds and haze. . Large cirro-cumuli +— cirro-strati on horizon. . Scotch mist. Id. . Two kinds of scud, one very thin. . Scud + cirro-strati to N. Id. + cirrous haze to N. Id.: woolly cirri + cirrous haze and cirro-strati to N. [cirro-cumuli. : a +— cirri-like rolled masses of curls, and somewhat bentlike cymoid cirri, other varieties of cirri; . Scud. Id., moving rather quickly. Id. Id. Id. Id. Id. Id. Id. and cirro-cumulo-strati. Id. Id. . Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon tinged with red. Id. + thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze ; a shower since 183. Id. + id. ; light rain, . Two currents of scud ; light rain. . Scud + cirrous clouds and haze ; light rain. Id.: id. id. cirro-cumuli. moving quickly + cirro-cumuli; occasional showers; heavy shower immediately. oy) Id. Id. + cirro-strati to S. Id. + patches of cirro-strati. Id.: mottled and linear cirri +— patches of cirro-strati; raining to E. . Scud and loose cumuli: mottled, woolly, and linear cirri. 5 Ile, in patches: woolly and curled cirri. . A mass of scud: woolly and diffuse cirri and loose cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati. . Thick mass of diffuse cirri and cirrous haze; masses of scud and cirro-cumuli. . Scud; thick cirrous mass; light rain. WwW WwW WwW W W WwW W WwW W WwW WwW WwW B B B B B B WwW W B WwW WwW WwW W B B WwW W B B WwW WwW WwW WwW WwW W WwW WwW WwW W WwW WwW W WwW . Scud + woolly and diffuse cirri. . Woolly cirrous scud. Id. + cirrous clouds, cirro-strati and haze. . Seud + cumuli; cirro-strati to 8. Id. . Cirrous scud + scud, lower. Wessun eZ DAILY METEOROLOGICAL ANEMOMETER. Géttincen THERMOMETERS, } Que Meant Time Os 1 | Ran = Raen : tity of : Goa Dae hewer Diff. Max. GAUGE. parte eee Direction of || Clouds moving from of Observation. and Min. Mae peas: Wind. Clouds. GIT likey Bak, in. 2. °. Q g in. Ibs. lbs. 0—10, Oct. 9 0 || 29-420 || 45-8 | 43-9 | 1.9 0-2 | 0-0 N by W. 10-0 8 0 482 || 44-0 | 43-0 | 1-0 0-1 | 0-0 10-0 10 O 543 || 43-9 | 42-9 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 10-6 18 0 || 29.634 || 42-3 | 41-9 | 0.4 0-0 | 0-0 10:0 20 O 632 1422.) AO 0.35 8 4 0-0 | 0-0 NNW : NE? 10-0 22 0 619) 400 | 446 | 0-3 1 r 0-0 | 0-0 ENE : W by S. 10-0 Oct. 10 0 O 595 || 44-0 | 43-4 | 0.6 0-039 || 0-8 | 0-0 S. 10:0 2 0 559 || 47-6 | 45-7 | 1-9 “|| 0-0 | 0-0 W 9-0 4 0 511 || 45-7 | 44-7 | 1-0 0-1 | 0-0 W. 9.8 6 0 481 || 42-1 | 41-5 | 06 0-0 | 0-0 Ww 10-0 8 0 443 || 39-1 | 38-8 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 10 0 395 || 38-7 | 38-4 | 0.3 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 18 0 || 29-122 || 40-0 | 39-9 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 || 29-066] 41-0 | 40-8 | 0.2 | .., 0-0 | 0-0 ESE. | 10-0 22 0 || 29-009 || 42-6 | 42-3 | 0-3 | oF’. 0-0 | 0-0 ESE. 10-0 Oct. 11 0 0 | 28-958 | 45-2 | 443 | 0.9 | °7? | 0,0, |) 0-0 | 0-0 ESE. | 10-0 2 0 || 28-879 || 43-6 | 43-3 | 0-3 ss 0-0 | 0-0 ESE. || 10-0 4 0] 28-826 || 43-4 | 43-1 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0 ENE ?: ESE. | 10-0 6 0] 28-771 || 42-0 | 41-6 | 0.4 0-1 | 0-1 NE. SE. ~ |) 10-05 8 0 || 28-755 || 42-1 | 41-5 | 0-6 0-2 | 0-2 NE. 10-0 10 0 || 28-760 || 42-1 | 41-1 | 1-0 0-4 | 0-8 NNE. | 10-0 18 0 || 28-867 || 42-0 | 39-7 | 2-3 7-5 | 4.4 N by E. N by BE. | 10-0 20 0 || 28-949 | 40-7 | 40-1 | 06 | 4). 5:3 | 1s N by/E. NNE. | 9-8 22 0 | 29-048 || 42-0 | 39-3 | 2-7 38 5 5-0 | 2-4 | Nby W. N: N by E. | 9-5 Oct. 12 O O || 29-126 | 41-8 | 39-0 | 2-8 | °° 0.890 | #3 | 22 N by W. N. | 9-0 2 0 || 29-155 || 43-6 | 38-0 | 5-6 a 3-8 | 1:9 | NW byN. NW? | 25 4 0] 29-138 || 45-0 | 38-4 | 6-6 2.2 | 1-0 WNw. NW? 3-0 6 0 || 29-140 || 42-0 | 38-3 | 3-7 21 | 0-9 Ww. | 25 8 0 || 29-210 | 34-6 | 33-3 | 1-3 2:8 | 0-0 | NW by N? | 3:0 10 0 || 29-232 .|| 33-5 | 30-2 | 3-3 1-2 | 0-5 NNW. | QI 18 0] 29-309 || 31-3 | 29-9 | 1-4 2.4 | 0-2 W. | 0-3 20 0 311 || 32-3 | 30-2 | 21 | 4. 6 0-3 | 0-2 | SW by W. | 0-2 22 0 293 | 38-4 | 34-0 | 44 0-5 | 0-4 W by 8. | 0.2 Oct. 13 0 0 971 || 42.3 | 371 | 5.9 | 223 oo12 | 4h | 14 W. | 0.8 250 275 || 43-9 | 38-9 | 5-0 : 3-0 | 0-9 W. NW by N. 95 4 0 249 || 37-9 | 36-9 | 1-0 1-1 | 0-1 | NW dy W. NW. | 6-0 6 0 273 || 37-9 | 35-9 | 2.0 0-4 | 0-0 NW? | O5 8 0 288 || 35-9 | 33-1 | 2-8 0-5 | 0-3 | NW by W. 2.0 10 0 338 || 35-9 | 33-6 | 2.3 || 1-5 | 0-2 | NW by w. | 3.0 18 0 || 29-502 | 34-0 | 32-6 | 1.4 0-8 | 0-2 | Nw by W. NNE? | 03 20 0 538 || 36-4 | 34-0 | 2.4 45.3 0-2 | 0-6 NW. NNW ? | OS 22 0 562) 410° | 37-4) 3-6 sees 0-4 | 0-2 | NW by Ww. | 0:3 Oct. 14 0 0 582 | 44-6 | 39-3 | 5-3 py || 0-8 | 0-2 NNW. NNW. eeu 2 0 587 || 45-7 | 40-1.| 5:6 0-077 | 0.5 | 0.2 | NNW. NNW:Nw. || 50 4 0 588 || 44-6 | 39-0 | 5-6 0:3 | 0-0 NW 4-0 6 0 587 || 36-0 | 34-8 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 | NW? 5.0 8 0 584 || 29-9 | 29-6 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0 0-3 10 0 580 || 28-4 ane 0-1 | 0-0 1-0 | Oct. 15 0 0 46:3 0-4 | 25-5 | | 18 29-451 || 26-4 | 25-7 | 0-7 1-2 | 0-0 NW. | des 20 0 452 || 26-0 eo ele 0-1 | 0-0 NW. 3-0 22 0 431 || 32-6 | 30-2 | 24 | O14 0-1 | 0-1 wsw? | NW. |, 3-0 OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 9—15. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. . Seud + cirrous clouds. Id. + id. Id. ; a slight shower lately. . Scud and cirrous clouds. . Thin smoky scud : smoky scud on 8. horizon +~ woolly cirri; slight shower lately. . Thin scud: thin cirrous scud and haze, moving slowly ; slight shower lately. . Scud ; a few drops of rain. . Loose cumuli and seud : cirrous scud. . Black, ragged, loose, electric-looking cumuli along N. and S. horizon + thick mass of woolly and linear cirri and cirrous haze; solar halo 22° . Sky covered with woolly cirri, patches of cirro-cumuli, thick cirrous haze + masses of loose scud on horizon. . Toick cirrous mass; heavy dew. . Quite homogeneous. [radius. . Homogeneous ; light rain. . Scud + homogeneous clouds above ; light rain. Id. + das id. Id.; raining. ary ad: . Two currents of scud ; heavy rain. Scud ; breaking up a little to SE.; rain ceased at 52 15™, : . Homogeneous. . Scud. . Homogeneous smoky scud, the Moon seen through it; light rain. . Scud + woolly cirri. . Loose seud : cirro-cumulo-strati + cirro-strati to N. . Two strata of scud +~ patches of cirri. . Patches of woolly cirri +- loose cumuli near horizon. . Masses of cirro-strati +—- seud and cumuli on N. and NE. horizon. . Scud and loose cumuli all round the horizon. . Scud ; a shower of hail about 7. . Small patches of clouds on horizon. . A strip of cloud on E. horizon; sky very clear; ground covered with hoar-frost. . Cumuli on E. horizon. . Cumulo-strati and cirro-strati on NE. horizon ; faint streaks of cirrus to SE. . Cumulo-strati on E. and NE. horizon; masses of scud moving along N. horizon; cirro-strati to S. . Scud and loose cumuli. Id. +— cumuli on E. and N. horizon; heavy shower of hail 15™ since, passed off to S. . Patches of scud +— piles of gray cumuli to SE.; blue haze and cirro-strati to E. . Seud. . Loose scud. . Cirro-strati on horizon. . Cirro-strati, moving slowly +- cumuli on E. horizon, . Patches of cumuli and cirro-strati on E. and N. horizon. . Patches of scud and loose cumuli + cirro-strati to N. and 8. . Masses of loose cumuli: woolly, mottled, and linear cirri and cirro-strati. . Cirri as before + cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon ; masses of cumuli. . Scud to S. + diffuse cirri over the sky ; cumuli to E. . Clouds to N. . Cirrous clouds, much hoar-frost. {arch. . An Auroral arch about 15° altitude, with bright streamers at the extremities and fainter ones within the . Light cirri + cumulo-strati to E.; cirro-strati to E. and NE. . Mottled, woolly, and linear cirri, cirro-strati + cirro-cumulo-strati to N.; cumulo-strati on E. horizon. Id. + id, id. | Observer's | Initial. WW SEEK eaqnW Zen MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. Dx 174 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL ae THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER, Gottingen BaARo- — Bes Mean Time METER AN Pressure || Cloud ing fi of Goaracted lene Wet. | pig, | Max: /Gaven “TET Direction of | ecard cs Observation. 5 ie An it. land Min. Wind. Max. | Pres. | d. h. m. in. o Cc) © o in. lbs. lbs. | Oct. 16 0 O| 29-402 || 40-0 | 34-5 | 5-5 0-2 | 0-2 WSw? Nw. 2 0 370 | 41-3 | 35-7 | 5-6 0-017 | 9.9 | 0.0 | wsw. WNW. AO 332: || 41-8) 37-7) | 4:1 0-2 | 0-1 wsw. | W. 6 0 304 || 35-1 | 34-3 | 0-8 0-2 | 0-1 WSw. SSW. 8 30 280 || 35-3 | 33-5 .| 1-8 0-1 | 0-0 WSw. 10 0 245 | 34.8 | 32-2 | 2.6 0-0 | 0-0 18 0 || 29-208 | 36-4 | 34-7 | 1-7 0-4 | 0-1 NE. 20 0 262 | 35-7 | 35-0 | 0-7 | yeg 1-0 | 0-5 NNE. NE by E. 29770 299 || 34-3 | 33-3 | 1-0 31.4 0-5 | 0-0 ENE. Oct. 17 "0 10 325 || 39-8 | 39-2 | 0-6 ; 1-8 | 1-2 N by E. ENE. 2 0 371 || 35-8 | 35-5 | 0-3 0-387 1 3.1 | 14 | NNE. NNE. AneO 411 || 36-5 | 36-3 | 0-2 Pee it hess NNE. NNE. 6 0 465 || 37-2 | 37-0 | 0-2 1-8 | 0-3 N by E. 8 0 515 || 37-2 | 35-0. | 2.2 1-7 | 1-6 N. 10 0 SFA e35-1) 82-820 2-3 1:7 | 0-6 NNW. NNE? 18 0] 29-688 | 98-8 | ..- 0-9 | 0-0 20 0 | 29-719 | 28-1 | 27-6 | 0-5 | 99 0-2 | 0-1 NW? N. 22 0 | 29-768 | 36-2 | 32-2?) 4.07] 5.5 0-1- | 0-1 NW? | Oct. 18 0 O/|| 29-808 || 39-7 | 35-7 | 4-0 > || 0-4 | 0-2 | Noby w. | N. 2 0 | 29.842 || 41.0 | 38.0 | 3.0 0333 | 9.5 | 0.4 |. NNW. N by E. 4 0] 29-878 | 43-0 | 39.4 | 3.6 0-2 | 0-1 N. N by E. 6 0 || 29-929 || 35-4 | 34-3 | 1-1 0-2 | 0-1 N. 8 0 || 29-966 || 32-2 | 31-0 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 10 0] 30-014 || 30-3 | 29-6 | 0.7 0-0 | 0-0 18 0 || 30-120 || 24-0 | 23-62] 0.4 0:0 | 0-0 20 0 153 || 26-2 | 26-02] 0-2 | yoo 0-0 | 0-0 22 0 152 || 33-0 | 31-0 | 2.0 | 5), 0-0 | 0.0 w. Oct. 19 0 0 161 || 40-4 | 35-9 | 4.5 0.007 0-1 | O-1 W by S. WNw. Din 124 | 44-4 | 39-3 | 51 ; 0-3 | 0-2 W by S. 4 0 110 || 44-7 | 39-8 | 4.9 0-4 | 0.4 WSW. 6 0 107 || 39-6 | 37-2 | 2.4 0-3 | 0-1 SW. 8 0 079 || 39-2 | 37-2 | 2-0 0-1 | 0-0 10 0 061 || 37-2 | 36-0 | 1.2 0-0 | 0-0 18 0 || 29-926 || 42.0 | 40-4 | 1-6 1-1 | 0-4 | SW by W. | Be 0 890 | 45-3 | 43-4 | 1-9 | yet 0-6 | 0-5 Seen W by S. 0 880 || 47-2 | 45-2 | 2-0 SW by W. | Ww. Oct. 20 0 0 858 ae ceil) BS. EPS aaa ag aS SW by W. | W. | 2 0 815 || 50-5 | 47-5 | 3-0 0-9 | 1-0 sw. | W byS. | 4 0 753 || 50-9 | 47-9 | 3-0 15 | 0-3 | SW by W. || WSW: WSW: W: Nw?! 6 0 703 | 48-1 | 45-6 | 2-5 Os7nlmOul Sw. SW. 8 0 648 | 47-0 | 45-4 | 1-6 0-2 | 0-3 SW. WSW. 10 0 589 || 47-2 | 45-8 | 1-4 0-5 | 0-4 | SWbyS. 18 0 || 29-428 || 47-0 | 46-8 | 0.2 1:6 | 0-0 | 20 «OO 488 || 47-8 | 46-6 1-2 5 hel 0-5 | 0-8 | NW byN. NW by N: W? 29°70 559 || 48-7 | 45-7 | 3-0 Aas 0-7 | 0-3 | NWby W. || NwbyN: We? Oct. 21 0 O 619 | 50-8 | 46-9 | 3-9 0.063 || &9 | 9:3 NW by W. W by S. 200 647 | 50-5 | 44-8 | 5-7 , 0-9 | 0-3 | NW by W. | WNw. 4 0 671 | 51-5 | 44-5 | 7-0 0-5 | 0-4 WNW. | WNW. 6 0 684 || 44-1 | 41-1 | 3-0 0-3 | 0-0 | WNW. 8 0 711 || 41-2 | 39-2 | 2-0 0-1 | 0-0 | 10 0) 708. |) 40-1) 938-7 |) “1:4 0-2 | .. | SW by W2] Oct. 22 0 0| 29-440 29°3 |/0.007 | 4.2 | 24 | SW by W. | { { | | | | | | | an i, | OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 16—22. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. 175 Observer’s Initial. . Mottled, woolly, and linear cirri, cirro-strati +— cirro-cumulo-strati to N.; cumulo-strati on E. horizon. . Cirro-cumulo-strati and woolly cirro-cumuli +— cumuli to E. . Scud. Id. + cirrous haze. . Cirrous clouds 2 icles Auroral light to NNW ? . Thick cirrous clouds; scud below to N. . Scud + cirrous clouds and haze; stormy-looking to SE.; a few drops of rain. . Scud; rain, hail, and sleet. id eeeide nid. id.; Cheviot white. Id.; heavy shower of hail and sleet from 2" 0™ till 2" 15™ when it began to snow. Id.; heavy showers of snow and rain since last observation ; breaking to N. . Cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze, stationary ; scud and loose cumuli on horizon; showers. . Scud; a few drops of rain. . Scud to E. . Cumulo-strati on E. horizon; cirro-strati to N. . Cirro-cumulo-strati + cumulo-strati on I. horizon. . Well-defined cumulo-strati to NE.; cirrous-sided to E. and SE. . Cumulo-strati, with cirrous crowns, or changing into cirro-strati or sheets of cirri. . Loose and cirrous-edged cumuli +- cumuli, crowned with cirri and apparently falling in snow. . Loose cumuli. on E. and N. horizon. . Cirro-strati to E. . Cirro-strati on E. horizon; cumuli in zenith. . Woolly cirri + patches of mottled cirri. . Woolly, mottled, and linear cirri and cirro-strati. . Cirro-strati to S. : . Cirrous haze and cirro-strati on N. and E. horizon. Id. Id. Id. . Scud; cirro-strati, cirrous clouds and haze. Id. +~ thick cirrous clouds and haze. . Smoky scud +~ sheets of faint woolly cirro-cumuli. . Cirro-cumulo-strati and large woolly cirro-cumuli; cirro-strati on E. horizon. . Scud + cirrous clouds. . Thin smoky scud: woolly cirro-cumuli: woolly cirri: mottled cirri. . Scud + cirrous clouds. Id. + cirro-strati to N. Id.; light shower since last observation. . Light rain. . Patches of thin smoky scud, low: thick dark mass of cirrous clouds and haze. : id. ; sky to N. and W. oe: aS . Woolly cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati, moving slowly ; sky to W. and N. . Loose cumuli. . Loose woolly cirro-cumulous cumuli. . Scud to E. + cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze to W. . Haze near horizon; sky hazy. . Cirro-strati scattered over the sky. « WHeSnnnSes Hee sedwses wosersnns fuddurwss wedgueegs waged | Oct. 24 Oct. 25 Oct. 26 1 Oct. 28 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. BARo- METER Corrected. THERMOMETERS. Diff. Max. and Min. SoH#Hhad wnwnw RP epwpoornkweH od Hun cotton Ee or we area 48.7 30:8 47-7 28-1 46- 23-¢ we (Se) Cr cre =I 0-008 0-054 | 0-005 0-004 0-005 | Dainty METEOROLOGICAL ANEMOMETER. S ro Be ct Be co ont = my OF ON aD Cc Pressure. Pres. lbs. 0-3 0-3 S ww eS) ie yo wwownobhod howwss SESS e¢ Be fey) eS) Direction of || Wind. SW by W. SW. v. W.v. W by N. vy. WSW. v. SW. SW. SW. SW. SW. SW. SW. WSwW. WSW? WSwW. SW. |SW., SW by W. sw. SW by W. WSW. SW by W. SW by W. WSW. Wsw. NW. NW. NW by W. WNw. NNW. NW by N. WNW. Clouds moving from W by N: WNW. W by N: W by N. W by S: WNW. WSW. W by 8. W by S. W by S. W:W2 W. W by S. WSw. W by N. Ww? W by N. W by S. W. W : NW. NW. NNW? WNW. WNW. WNW. SW: W by N. W? SSW? ois SeCoOUwWan we [oi] So OS es me OU et SS et on OBSERVATIONS, OCTOBER 22—28, 1843. Area SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. Observer’s Initial. se Na TT h. 18. Cirro-strati to E. 20. Thin scud, moving quickly: diffuse, woolly, and mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli. 22. Scud: woolly cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri and cirro-strati. 0. Id.: woolly cirri. 2. Cirrous scud +~ cirrous clouds and haze. 4. Scud + cirri. Gs) Ick 32 ld. OS id: 18. Homogeneous ; a few drops of rain; wind in gusts. 20. Thin smoky scud : strata of woolly and woven cirri and cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E. 22. Loose scud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds to S. 0. Scud ; a slight shower lately. 2. Light rain. 4. Scud + cirrous clouds ; a few drops of rain; occasional showers. 6. Id. + cirro-cumulous scud to S. 18. Streaks of cirro-strati to N. and SW.; hoar-frost. 20. Patches of cirri + cirro-strati to SH. and N. 22. Woolly cirri + id. S.; scud to W. 0. Scud and loose cumuli +~ patches of cirri and cirro-strati. 2. Loose cumuli + patches of cirri and cirro-strati. 4. dishes woolly cirri, moving very slowly + cumuli on S. horizon. 6. Woolly cirri; patches of seud. 8. Masses of scud. Much lightning without thunder seen about 8" 20™ by Mr Rule, the land-steward. 10. Patches of cloud. 18. Cirro-strati, chiefly to N. and E.; hoar-frost. 20. Sheets and patches of woolly cirri. 22. Cirro-strati and patches of cumuli on E. and NE. horizon; a patch of cirrus to W. 0. Loose cumuli to S. and on N. horizon. 2. Loose cumuli. 4, Masses of cumuli near horizon; cirrous haze to E. and S. 6. Loose cumuli. 8. lich, very faint Auroral light, low on N. horizon. 10. Auroral light to N., more distinct 10™ ago, when it was an arch 8° altitude, stretching from NW. to N.; no Aurora was visible at 9h. 18. Hoar-frost. 20. Cirro-cumuli and linear cirri to SW. 22. Cirro-cumuli, fine woolly linear, and mottled cirri + loose cumuli on SE. horizon; cirrous haze on horizon. 0. Masses of scud : large cirro-cumuli + linear cirri and cirro-strati to E. and SE.; cirrous haze to S. 2. Thick mass of cirrous clouds and haze, with thick linear cirri, the motion scarcely perceptible + masses of 4. Patches of scud + very thick woolly and diffuse cirri obscuring the sun. [scud to S. and SE. 6. Very thick, homogeneous cirrous mass. 8. Hazy clouds. 10. Id. 18. Very dark; light rain. 20. Scud ; light rain. 22. Loose scud; drizzle; Scotch mist. 0. Peli: 2. Scud and loose cumuli; breaking to E. 4, Loose scud : woolly cirri + diffuse cirri to W. 6 8 0 . Scud. Id.; occasional slight showers. (S440dddue dduedggee gedaadeuy gquededee 4egngadou 44gneaaue | DaiILy METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. i Max. Wet. Diff. Bein ne 48.2 39-5 30:0 | 0-7 REN OG | rc B18 | ale2e aay 32-6 3-1 34-9 | 1-9 36:0 | 0-9 37-0 | 0-2 37-6 | 0-3 372251) Onl 32:0 | 0-7 32-5 | 0-5 a 37-7 1-3 40:0 | 2-1 40:0 | 1-8 33-6 | 0-4 28-1 | 0-5 31-34) \O-4in ine, 32-1 | 0:3 585 36-0 | 1-2 40-4 | 1-7 A0s7 ult 2-1 36-4 | 0:3 30-0 | 0-1 33-6 | 0-2 3375) |: 0:3 37-5 | 0-2 an 42-4 | 0-1 ; ADS onl ealls7 42-8 | 1-2 lee Ne (ze 41-1 | 0:8 35-4 | 0-0 eae OTN ias 4 36-5 | 0-0 | o 39-5 | 0-2 ‘ 43'S alaeles AZ. KOS 375) | Ou 38-9 | 0-4 40:6 | 0-4 47-0) | ky “WR AN silee/ z bs 45-6 US 178 Gottingen Mean Time Baro- of METER Opsctration® Corrected. || Dry. a hem, in. O Oct. 29 0 O 29-051 2 30 29-146 18 0 29-364 || 30-7 20 O 355 || 30-0 22 0 348 || 33-0 Oct. 30 0 O 317 || 35-7 2 0 268 || 36-8 4 0 219 || 36-9 6 0 170 || 37-2 8 0 118 || 37-9 10 O 090 || 37-3 18 0 29-105 || 32-7 20 O 175 || 31-0 22 0 242 || 33-0 Oct. 31 0 O 280 || 39-0 2 O 307 || 42-1 4 0 332 || 41-8 6 0 363 || 34-0 8 0 373 || 29-0 10 O 371 29-3 18 0 29-411 || 28-6 20 O 445 || 31-7 22 0 495 || 32-4 Nov. 1 0 0 519 || 37-2 2 0 530 || 42-1 4 0 551 || 42-8 6 0 579 || 36-7 8 0 605 || 30-1 10 0O 631 30-8 18 O 29-650 || 33-8 20 0 660 || 33-8 22 0 679 || 37-7 Nov. 2 0 0 687 || 42-5 2 0 664 || 44-0 4 0 647 || 44-0 6 0 640 || 41-9 8 0 624 || 41-9 10 O 604 || 35-4 18 0O 29-449 || 31-0 20 O 431 33-1 22 0 404 || 36-5 Nov. 3 0 0 367 || 39-7 2 0 316 || 44-8 4 0 274 |) 42-0 6 O 259 | 37-6 8 0 255 || 39-3 10 O 244 || 41-0 18 O 29-107 || 48-7 20 O 124 || 48-9 22020 251 || 46:3 Nov. 3¢ Ob 40™, Noy. 3¢ 20h, ANEMOMETER. RAIN P GAUGE. nessun: Direction of Max. | Pres. Nyind: in. lbs. lbs. 0-117 || 5-7 | 4:3 SW. 6-1 6-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-007 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0:3 0:3 NE. 0:3 0-1 NNE. 0-3 0:1 NNW. 0:3 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-1 SW by W. 0:3 0-3 SW by 8. 0-452 | 0.3 | 0.2 | SW dys. 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-006 0-0 0-0 0-0 0:0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0:0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-010 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 ENE. 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 0-0 c 0-2 0-0 W by S$. 0-003 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-1 0:0 || U7, ae asa: SSE. | 2-4 0:8 SSW | 21 | 0-5 | SSW3W Clouds moving from SW by S. NNE. WNW : WNW? WNW : SSW. SSW. NE: SSW. SE. SE by E: SE? SE by E:S by W. S by E: S by W. S:Sby W. S by W: Si W. New floss silk put upon the wet bulb thermometer, the other having become quite green. The reading of the barometer is perhaps 0:05 inch too low. OBSERVATIONS, OCTOBER 29—-NOVEMBER 3. 1843. 179 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. : ie Pa Qe fo) h. ae 18. Sky nearly covered with thin clouds and haze. WwW 20. Loose cirro-cumuli, woolly cirri, and cirrous haze. Ww 22. Dense cirro-stratus ; patch of scud to SE.; patch of sky ; light mist. B 0. Homogeneous cirrous mass. B 2. Id. ; light rain. B 4. Id. ; id. Ww 6. Scud + homogeneous mass of clouds ; light rain. WwW 8. Light rain. Ww 10. Continuous rain. B 18. Clouds to SE. 20. Cirri and cirro-strati on E. horizon. A large flock of wild geese seen. 992. Id. 0. Id. 2. Loose cumuli to N. and W.: diffuse cirri. [E. horizon. || 4. Loose cumuli to S., lately covering the sky : light cirri, moving quickly + cirrous haze and cirro-strati on 6. Woolly and diffuse cirri + cirrous haze, on horizon. 8. Cirro-strati to SE. 10. Large woolly cirro-cumuli: diffuse cirri, becoming haze. 18. Scud to E. 20. Cirrous scud, moving very slowly +~ patches of cirro-stratus. 22. Loose cirro-cumulous cumuli: varieties of cirri, becoming haze to N. and E. 0. Cirro-cumulous scud : woolly, linear, flame, and diffuse cirri. 2. Fd. : id. | 4. Loose cumuli: reticulated and linear cirri. 6. Linear and diffuse cirri; loose cumuli round the horizon. 8. Large woolly cirro-cumuli + patches of cirri. 18. Quite overcast ; a streak of light to E. ~20. Cirro-cumulo-strati + cirro-strati to E. 22. Thin smoky scud : cirro-cumulo-strati. 0. Woolly cirro-cumuli + cumuli on N. horizon; dark and hazy, with scud to E. 2. Seud. 4. Two strata of scud + cumuli on E. horizon; haze on horizon. 6. Scud; slight fog. 8. Scud and loose woolly cirro-cumuli. 0. Patches of scud and cirro-strati on horizon. wddggueeds edggueeds wagduenss - 18. Clouds on E. horizon. 18" 28™, A meteor was seen moving from about 30° to the S. of the zenith towards E. by S., it disappeared at an alti- tude of about 10° above the SE. point of the horizon, leaving a narrow train of sparks; it was of a bright white colour, apparently about 10’ to 15’ in diameter (about the size of a cricket-ball): only about 30° of its course was seen. 20. Loose scud : cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati to E. 22. Thin scud: dense semifluid-like cirro-stratus over the sky. 0. Id. : id. See note below. 2. Scud: large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to E. 4, Woolly, mottled, and dense diffuse cirri + cirro-strati on horizon all round ; dark cirro-strati on E. horizon. 6. Loose cirro-cumuli + diffuse cirri to W.; cirro-strati round horizon ; slight fog on the ground. 8. Scud. 10. Sheets of cirrous haze or thin cirro-strati; lunar corona and portion of a halo. 18. Scud; dark to NW. 20. Loose seud : large woolly cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri. 22. Id. + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. wad wddduww < Nov. 34. 0h 40™. Quite calm. A sound heard to E., gradually increasing in intensity, and then gradually subsiding, like a strong wind blowing through a mass of leafless trees. At 52™ Kelso town clock (4 miles distant) was heard very distinctly to strike 12 o’clock. 180 Datty METEOROLOGICAL bc THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen B Quan- Mean Time BK RAIN P i tity of Gants Dr Wet Diff Max. ||GAauGE. ressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from of Observation. Sree Gs ry: cus T+ land Min. Meee lGpeee: Wind. Clouds. (Ege dalae cheats in. 2 5 a S in. eee lbs. 0—10. Nov. 4 0 0] 29-310 || 53-2 | 48-9 | 4.3 0.008 || 14 1-1 SSW. SW : SW by S. BYR 2 0 347 || 53-3 | 48-8 | 4-5 1-4 | 0-9 SSW. SW by S. | 4.0 4 0 397 || 51-9 | 48-0 | 3-9 1-8:.| 1-11 SSW ds. SW by S. | 3.9 Sees Wich rag One i PO eke eee oc i 3 : 5 : SSW. \iee720) 10 0 562 || 41-0 | 40-8 | 0-2 0-2 | 0-0 SSW. SW: SW. 8-8 Nov. 5 0 10] 29-779 2og | 0:029 || ou 18 0 || 29-347 || 48-7 | 47-5 | 1.2 4-5 | 0-8 SSW. SSW? | 10-0 20 0 361 | 48-3 | 47-0 | 13 | yo 2:8 | 1.0 | SW3W. | WbyS: WSW: SW. || 9-0 22 0 371) )) 40-7 47-6) |) 21 eae 0-8 10-5 | SWEW. SW ?: SW by W. | 4-0 Nov. 6 0 0 417 50-8 47-1 3-7 0-056 1-2 0-4 SW is. WSW : SW by W. | 8-0 2150) 441 || 50-7 | 45-9 | 4-8 2-0 | 0-9 SW. W by 8. | 2.0 4 0 484 || 48-3 | 43-1 | 5-2 1-7 | 0-9 | SW by Ww. W by 8. leesnise 6 0 526 || 42-9 | 41-0 ue 1-0 | 0-3 Sw. WSW 3 W. | 4-0 8 0 511 || 43-1 | 40-9 : 1-7 | 0-9 | SW by W. | 0:5 10 0 470 || 43-0 | 40-9 | 2-1 10 | 0-4 | swds. | 10-0 18 0 || 29-082 || 44-2 | 43.2 | 1-0 3-3 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 135 ||| 45-6) 4305) ea el, 0-4 | 0-3 | WbyS. WNW:WNW. || 1-5 22 0 190 || 46-2 | 43-1 | 3-1 | Ja. 1-4: |* 1-0 W. Win 2.0 iNov.! 7 10:0 217 || 47-6 | 41-9 | 5-7 0-019 | 22 | 38 W. W by N. 0-3 2 0 257 || 45-3 | 42-2 | 3-1 i 4.2 | 0:5 WOSw. Ww. 2.0 4 0 277 || 43-3 | 41-3 | 2.0 ove |ale7/ wsw. W. 7.0 6 0 293 || 37-9 | 36-5 | 1-4 ONaleOst SW. Ww? 0-5 ud) 286 || 40-8 | 39-2 | 1-6 1-6 | 0-2 | SSW3wW. W by S 8.0 10 0 249 || 41-0 | 39-6 | 1-4 1-0. 19421 SW. W. | 5-0 | 18 0 || 29-152 || 36-0 | 35-7 | 0-3 2.9 | 0-1 sw. | Wsw |. 9.3 20 0 17 G2) (oa. A i leB ioe 0-6 | 0-3 | WoyS. 0-3 22550 189 || 37-3 | 34-9 | 2.4 io 0-9 | 0-3 WSW. 0-3 | Nov. 8 0 0 247 || 40-0 | 36:0 | 4.0 | °* 000 PB) I Th) NW. WNW. 1-0 2 0 288 oe 36-1 | 4-7 ; 3-4 | 0-9 | NW by N. NW by N. 2.0 4 0 356 || 37-6 | 33:0 | 4-6 3-0 | 0-6 NNW. 0-5 6 0 435 || 34-4] 31-0 | 3-4 1-2 | 0-8 | NW by N. Nw. 0-5 8 0 503 || 34-5 | 31-0 | 3-5 0-7 | 0-6 | NW-by W. | ; | 08 10 0 578 || 34-0 | 30-4 | 3-6 1:8 | 0-2 | NW by W. NNW Wen:6 18 0 |] 29-693 || 31-3 |'30-7 | 0-6 0-7 | 04 | NWiw. N by W | 0.8 aa ee ee Now. NSiOnO 696 | 37-0 | 33-1 | 3.9 | 27° 6:93) |: oconteeuanR NW. eo | 2 0 631 || 37-6 | 33-6 | 4.0 OOM OW NW : NW. 4.0 4 0 568 || 35-2 | 32-7 | 2.5 0-2 | 0-0 NW. 9-8 6 0 526 11038-4. (831-5 1te9 0-1 | 0-0 SSW ? | 10-0 8. 0 458 || 33-9 | 32:0 | 1-9 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 10 0 372 || 35-0 | 32-8 | 2.2 0-2 | 0-0 S by E 10-0 18 16 || 29-156 || 37-5 | 37-0 | 0-5 0-5 | 0-0 S? | 10-0 20 0 175)|037-2)\ 37-1 | (0-1 eee 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 22 0 206 || 38-6 | 38-4 | 0.2 a 0-0 | 0-0 SSW | 9-8 | Nov. 10 0 0 249 || 39-7 | 39-4°| 0-3 0.373 | 00 | 0-0 10-0 2 0 300 || 39:7 | 39-4 | 0-3 NTN 4] (OO | BE. 10-0 4 0 335 || 40.9 | 40-5 | 0-4 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 6 0 410 || 39-1 | 39-0 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 4—10. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. - Scud in eddies turning to N.: cirrous-edged cumuli and cumulo-strati; a stratum of cumuli extending from SSW. to ENE., which is scud beneath moving in different directions ; splendid solar rays cross the notches of the clouds reaching about 70° towards the zenith. . Loose cumuli and scud + ranges of cumuli. Id. — id. Id. Id. ; passing showers. . Masses of scud, moving quickly : patches of mottled cirri. . Seud. Id., moving very quickly : cirro-cumulous scud, moving very slowly : woolly, mottled, and diffuse cirri. . Loose cumuli on NE. and S. horizons: large woolly cirro-cumuli. . Scud: large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati on E. horizon. . Scud and loose cumuli. - Loose cumuli to N. + cumulo-strati on S. horizon. . Scud + cumuli on §S. horizon; a few drops of rain, . Cirri and patches of scud. . Sky covered with thin misty scud ; faint lunar halo shortly after this about 20° radius. . Homogeneous seud ; light drizzle. . Thick scud, chiefly to E.: patches of cirro-strati to W. . Scud and loose cumuli. . Masses of loose cumuli. . Masses of woolly cirro-cumuli and cirri + loose cumuli and scud near S. and NW. horizon. . Scud + cirro-strati and cumuli on horizon; rainbow. . Scud to W. . Scud ; occasional showers. . Large woolly cirro-cumuli. . Large thin woolly cirro-cumuli + scud passed off to W. with light rain. . Scud and cirro-strati on E. horizon. . Cumuli on NE. horizon ; loose cumuli on Cheviot. . Loose cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati + cumuli on NE. and SE. horizon. . Cumulo-strati round horizon + cirro-strati to S. . Loose cumuli round horizon ; a shower of snow ? passed along to the N. and E. half an hour ago. . Masses of scud and loose cumuli. . Loose cumuli. . Patches of scud. . Scud + cirro-strati to E. . Loosely mottled cirri and cirrous scud. . Woolly, linear, and mottled cirri + scud and loose cumuli to SE. . Woolly cirri and loose cirro-cumuli + patches of scud ; cirro-strati on horizon. . Woolly and flame cirri, cirrous haze and cirro-strati: lines of patches of cumuli to N. . Thick woolly cirro-cumuli; when it became overcast about an hour ago, the clouds were very fine cirro-cumuli which gradually became thicker and larger; they radiate from NNW.; masses of cirri on E. horizon. . Dense cirro-stratus. . Nearly homogeneous. . Thick mass of clouds; a few flakes of snow. . Light rain. Id. . Woolly cirri, cirrous haze and cirro-cumuli; moving very slowly + loose scud and mist to N. . Dense cirrous clouds ; foggy. ag scud occasionally. Id. Id. 181 Observer’s Initial. Hessuw Wesgghe aque deduw sogdedduw wsnwdddun deegagguy MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. PAY 182 DaiLy METEOROLOGICAL Géttingen THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. . | hate BARO- 2 een time ares : Max. Pee | Pressure. Direction of | Clouds moving from Observation. | Comectdal| Dtye Wi Wiet. 3 Dae. and Min. le ee Wind. X. res. ds ohm. in. | 3 2 O ) in Tbs. lbs Nov. 10 8 0 || 29-471 || 39-3 | 39-1 | 0-2 0-0 | 0-0 10 0 524 | 38-9 | 38-8 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0 18 0 || 29-710 | 44-3 | 44-0 | 0-3 | 0-2 | 0-0 Neate | 20 0 766 || 44-0 | 43-3 | 0-7 | aig | 0-3 | O-1 NNW. NNE. 22 0 823 | 46-1 | 45-2 | 0-9 | 37. | 0-4 | 0-2 | NEbyN. NNE : NNE. Nov. 11 0 0 866 || 47-6 | 45-7 | 1-9 0.098 | 95 | 0-2 NNE. NE. 200 877 || 48-0 | 46-3 | 1-7 0-5 | 0-2 | NEby N. NE. 4 0 917 || 45-6 | 43-8 | 2-8 | 0-3 | 0-0 | NEby N. ENE. 6 0 941 | 43-4 | 42-0 | 1-4 0-1 | 0-0 ENE. 8 0 957 || 42-8 | 41-7 | 1-1 | 0-1 | 0-0 10 0 980 || 41-1 | 39-9 | 1-2 0-0 | 0-0 SSE. 48-6 Noy. 12 0 0 33.9 0-3 18 0 || 29-909 || 40-6 | 39-6 | 1.0 0-7 | 0-0 Ww 20 0 926 | 39-4 | 39:0 | 04 | 45, 0-0 | 0-0 SW PAA NL) 956 || 39-0 | 39-0 | 0-0 | oo. 0-1 | 0-0 SSW ? SW | Nov. 13 0 0 968 || 42-6 | 41-1 | 15 0.035 || 02 | 0-1 SSW SW 2-0 970 || 44-7 | 42-9 | 1-8 0-2 | 0-2 °| Sby W WNW. 4 0 971 | 41-4 | 40-0 | 1-4 | 0-2 | 0-1 | Sby W WNW 6 0 986 || 38-9 | 38-1 | 0-8 0-3 | 0-1 | SWbySs WNW 8 0 996 | 38-0 | 37-4 | 0-6 0-2 | 0-0 10 0 995 || 37-1 | 35-9 | 1-2 0-3 | 0-1 | SWdS 18 0 || 30-013 | 31-0 | 0-2 | 0-0 NW. 20 0 045 | 30-3 | « So Sis 0-0 | 0-0 NNE. | 22 0 073 || 35-0 | 32-7 | 23 | 52°. 0-2 | 0-2 | Nby W. | Nov. 14 0 0 091 || 40-8 | 38-1 | 2-7 0-000 || 0:3 | 0-2 | Noby w. NE. 20 092 || 42:0 | 39-0 | 3-0 1:0 | 05 Niw NNE. 4 0 095 || 42:0 | 38-9 | 3-1 | 1:0 | 0-5 | Nby W 6 0 116 || 40-9 | 38-3 | 2-6 | | 0-6 | 0-2 NNW N by E 8 0 145 || 32-8 | 32-2 | 0-6 0:3 | 0-0 NNW 10 0 143 || 34.2 | 34.0 | 0.2 0-0 | 0-0 18 35 || 29-993 || 34-3 | 33-4 | 0-9 | 0-1. | 0-0 20 0 961 | 36-9 | 34-9 | 2.0 | 0-2 | 0-2 SSW NNW | 2210 907 || 37-4 | 36:8 | 0-6 a 0-7 | 0-2 | SWbyS8. SW: NW. | Nov. 15 0 0 857 || 39-1 | 38-9 | 0-2 0.072 | 29 | 05 | SW4W. SW. 2 0 757 || 37-6 | 37-3 | 0.3 ™“ 1 2.2) 1-6 | SWH Ww. sw. 4.0 652 || 39-6 | 39:0 | 0-6 | 2-5 | 1-7 | Swas. | SW: W. 6 0 616 | 42-4 | 41-8 | 0-6 | 3-8 | 0-8 WSW. | 8 0 661 || 43-0 | 41-3 | 1-7 | 0-7 | 0-7 NNW. 10 0 746 || 38-4 | 36-9 | 1-5 | 0-9 | 0-0 | Nby We | 18 0 | 29-829 || 34.2 | 32-6 | 1-6 | 0-3 | 0-1 We sadaal 20 0 871 || 32:6 | 31-9 | 0-7 | 44, | 0-0 | 0-0 | NNW. 22 0 896 | 35-1 | 34:5 | 0-6 31.3 | 0-2 | 0-0 | NNW ? | Nov. 16 0 0 880 || 39-8 | 37-9 | 1.9 0.200 || 2:2 | 0-0 | NNW. Qex0 837 || 42:7 | 40-5 | 2.2 lao ns || Os on80:0 | 4 0 809 || 39-7 | 38-0 | 1-7 | 0-2 | 0-0 N by W. 6 0 787 || 36:8 | 36-0 | 0-8 | 0-2 | 0-0 | 8 0 726 || 38-0 | 37-5 | 0-5 | | 0-1 | 0-0 | 10 0| 693 || 39-9 | 39-0 | 0-9 | 0-5 | 00 | SWbys 18 0 || 29-381 | 47-6 | 45-7 | 1-9 | 3-0 | 4-0 | SSW3W. | 20 0 339 || 47-8 | 46-8 | 1:0 | go» | 2-9 | 1:0 | SWbyS. | SW. 22 0 288 || 49-2 | 47-4 | 18 | 3.8 39 |1.2 | ssw. || SWbyS:SW OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 10—16. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. 183 Observer’s Initial. . Dense cirrous clouds. Id. . Light rain. . Thin scud. Id.: thicker scud. . Seud. Id. and loose cumuli. Id. Td. Selds . Cirro-cumulous seud. . Thin seud + large cirro-cumuli. . Scud and large woolly cirro-cumuli. . Loose large cirro-cumuli. ; Id. . Loose cumuli. Patches of scud +— mottled cirro-strati to NW. ; cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon. . Scud and loose cumuli + cirro-strati to NW. . Sky to NW.; an Aurora seen beyond the clouds, no streamers or corruscations visible. . The Aurora has disappeared. . Seud. . Thin cirro-cumulo-strati -— cumuli to E. . Cumuli to E.; patches of scud to N. and S. . Patches of scud +— cumuli to E. . Seud and cumuli. . Scud and loose cumuli. . Cirro-strati 2 to N. . Sheets of cirro-strati?; faint Auroral light to NNW ? . Homogeneous. . Dense mass of cirro-cumuli lying in strata and ridges N. and S., moving very slowly; the clouds tinged with red to E.; in a few minutes the clouds to E. are of a very bright golden yellow, and slightly tinged with it all round the horizon. . Gray scud to W.: a homogeneous mass of clouds, milky, cirrous, mottled, &c., cirrous scud. . Patches of loose scud +- homogeneous mass of clouds above ; light rain. id same ; heavy rain. . Two currents of scud ; light rain. - Scud ; light rain occasionally. . Scud ? . Sheets of cirro-strati. . Patches and streaks of light clouds. . Cirro-cumulo-strati + cirro-strati on E. horizon; red to SE. . Dark, mottled, loose cirro-cumuli +— dense cirro-stratus. . Large woolly cirro-cumuli + large feathers of cirri; hazy to N. and E.; sky milky. . Thick homogeneous mass of cirri; faint solar halo about 20° radius. . Cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati in thick cirrous haze on horizon. . Cirro-strati and cirrous haze. . Dark; light rain. . Cirrous clouds and haze. . Thick seud. . Scud; a few drops of light rain. . Thin scud: thick woolly cirro-cumuli; cirrous haze; blue cirro-strati reposing in the gray mass to E.; a few drops of rain. eee ee400 45 wad weddwnded wedded gd f wodddeods ddddsduds DAILty METEOROLOGICAL Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. d. Nov. 17 Nov. 18 | Nov. 19 | Nov. 20 | Nov. 21 | Nov. 22 —) O11. Oe O11 O- Ot SO OOOO OOOO OOS: O11 S291) ocooooocoooco oooooods BanRo- METER Corrected. in. 29-234 189 191 196 188 167 29-087 076 070 043 038 041 050 069 075 29-35 28-987 28-951 28-983 29-065 29-133 29-197 29-235 29-233 29-183 29-105 29-115 29-142 29-158 29-155 29-112 29-046 28-906 28-738 28-658 28-647 28-706 28-788 29-060 29-158 29-246 29-293 29-302 29-228 220 201 180 153 127 139 161 184 THERMOMETERS. RAIN i “Max. ||GAUGE. Dry. Wet. Diff. rill Min. °o oO ce ° in. 50-9 | 49-0 | 1-9 : 50-6 | 47-7 | 2.9 O03 45-6 | 42-5 | 3-1 39-9 | 37-6 | 2.3 38:9. | 37-8 |. 1-1 37-9 | 37-2 0-7 37:0 | 35-4 | 1-6 36-6 | 36-0 | 0-6 51-0 41-3 39-2 2-1 0-067 41-0 4 39-2. | 1-8 40-0 | 38-0 | 2-0 37-0 | 35-6 | 1-4 35-9 | 35-0 | 0-9 35-8 | 35-2 | 0-6 41-9 30-3 Al-7)\ A100 0:7. 42:0 | 41-5 | 0-5 42.9 | 427 |-0.2 | oe, 39-6 | 38-9 | 0-7 0-146 43-0 | 40-6 | 2.4 42-8 | 39-3 | 3-5 39-8 | 37-0 | 2-8 36-0 | 35-0 | 1-0 40-3 | 39-8 | 0-5 40-2 | 39-9 | 0-3 42.2 | 41.8 | 0-4 42.0 | 39-9 | 2-1 aie 42-9 | 41-0 | 1-9 0.020 42-3 | 40-9 | 1-4 At-6° || 4020 165 41:0 | 40-1 | 0-9 40-8 | 40-5 | 0-3 50-0 | 49-8 | 0-2 46-3 | 44.2 | 2-1 46-8 | 44.7 | 2-1 46-0 | 44-1 1-9 ae 44-3 | 40-8 | 3-5 0-460 44.9 | 40-9 | 4.0 49:7 | 38:8 || 3:9 37:0.°) 36:0 || 180 36-7 | 35-6 | 1-1 37-8) | 36:3. | 1c5 35:9 | 35-8 | O-1 36:8 | 36-2 | 0-6 35-9 | 35-1 | 0.8 | 3oe 38-7 | 38-1 | 0:6 0-007 | 39:0 | 38:1 | 0-9 | 38-1 | 37-6 | 0:5 36-9 | 36:3 | 0-6 36:8 | 36:0 | 0-8 33-0 | 32-9 | 0-1 ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Direction of Max. | Pres. Nga Ibs. lbs. 2.5 1-4 SSW. v. 9.0 9.3 SSW. 2:4 | 0-3 SW by 8. 0-2 0-1 SW ?. 0-3 0:3 SSW. 0-3 0-2 SW by 8? 1-4 | 0-4 SW. 1-9 0-3 SWS. 1-6 | 0-4 SSW. 2.4 0-6 SSW. 4:5 0-7 SSW. 9.6 0-7 SSW. 1-3 0-6 SSW. 1-4 | 0-2 SSW. 1-1 0-1 SSW. 0-8 2:6 | 0-1 E by N? 0-5 0-2 NNE? 0:2 0-0 5-1 1-7 NW. 2-6 1-3 NW iw 2-5 0-9 W by N 0-7 0-3 W by N 0-3 0-1 SW ? 0-1 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-4 Were 1-0 0-2 SW iW 0-5 0-5 SW3S8S 0-3 0-2 SSW 0-2 0-0 0-2 0-0 0-2 0-0 3-6 3°8 SSW. 6-2 1-2 SW by W. 4-6 2.4 WSW SS. 4-1 1-6 SW by W. 752 3-2 NW. v. 4:3 2-5 NW 3N. 2-0 1:7 W by 8S. 1-0 0-1 WSW. 0-6 0-5 SW. 0:8 0-6 Sw iW. 0-2 | 0-1 SW ? 0-3 0-0 SSW ? 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 Clouds moving from WwW? WSvw. W by S. WNW. WNW. WNW. OBSERVATIONS, NovEMBER 17—23. 1843. 185 SPECIES OF CLOUDs, &c. bserver’s Initial h. 0. Scud + dense cirro-stratus ; light drizzle. 2. Id. + fine feathers of beautifully mottled cirri pointing NNE.; cumuli and cirrous haze to E. 4, Masses of loose-edged cumuli. 6. Scud to W.; patches of cirri. 8. Cirrous scud. 10. Cirro-strati. 18 . Quite clear. 20. Loose seud ; light showers. S19). Id.: diffuse cirri + nimbi to S. with fine cirrous crowns; cirro-strati to E. 0. Nearly as at 22; cumuli to E. 2. Cirrous-crowned nimbi and scud, masses of woolly and diffuse cirri. 4, Cumuli; nimbi and diffuse cirri on horizon. 6. Thin scud; cumuli on horizon. 8. A patch of scud to NW.; passing showers and masses of nimbi. 0. Cirrous scud 2 wwedehdads wees b 18. Very dark; a few drops of rain. 20. Seud; light rain. Poe Ad..s id. 0. Id. + homogeneous above ; light rain. 2. Lines of patches of loose scud : woolly cirro-cumuli and cirri + loose cumuli to S. 4. Cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. 6. Scud to SW. 8. Scud. OM olcs 18. Id . 20. Scud and nimbi; passing showers. 22. Masses of scud and loose cumuli: fine cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati on horizon; cumuli on Cheviot. Q. Linear cirri and patches of cirro-cumuli + thick cirrous haze and diffuse cirro-strati; masses of loose cumuli to NW. 2. Thick, woolly, and diffuse cirri and cirrous haze +- mass of scud to NW.; cirro-strati on horizon. 4, Thick, dense, cirro-cumulous mass, like a semifluid. 6. Light rain. 8. Rain; very dark. 10. Light rain; the wind feels very warm. 18. Scud. 20. Id.; slight drizzle. 22. Loose scud + large cirro-cumuli to §.; slight shower. [much. 0. Scud and loose cumuli. At 234 10™ the wind had shifted to WN W. blowing from 4 lbs. to 7 lbs., varying 2. Seud, loose cumuli. 4. Id, id. 6. Cirro-strati on horizon. 8. Thin scud. 18. Sheets of cirrous scud ? to E. and S. 20. Woolly cirro-cumuli: woolly cirri. 22. Woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati and cirrous haze. 0. Cirrous scud, woolly cirri, and cirro-cumuli, all moving very slowly. 2. Masses of scud +~ thick cirrous mass. 4. Dense cirrous mass. 6. Id. 8 0 Sdeudsdeu geundddew dduddddun dduedsdue . Clearing off from SW. . Clouds to E. MAG. AND MET. ozs. 1843. 186 Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. d. Novy. 23 Nov. 24 0 Nov. 25 0 Nov. 26 0 — o oO O'O1S O1@29) SS 71S S59 KS. OO a O10 1S O77 O 2 O10 CO SOO Oa SO OOO BaRo- METER Corrected. in. 29-253 460 29-430 29-017 THERMOMETERS. DAILY METEOROLOGICAL Wet. Diff. Max. and Min. 37-1 27-9 37-0 26:5 52:6 47-5 51-3 45:9 0-004 0-006 0-274 0-121 0:027 ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Max. | Pres Ibs. lbs. 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 1:0 4:3 | 3-1 4-4 2-4 4.7 1-6 3-0 1:0 1:6 0-7 1:7 | 0-9 2-0 1:5 1:8 | 0-7 1-2 0-4 0-9 | 0-2 0-3 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-0 0-7 | 0-5 0-9 | 0-2 1-2 | 0-5 1:0 | 2-7 2-1 0-9 4:7 | 2-7 4:5 | 3-0 4:2 | 4-1 4:8 2-5 4:7 | 4:3 4-8 1-0 1-4 0-1 0-2 | 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-1 0-7 0-2 | 0-6 2-2 Direction of Wind. SSW. SSW. SSW. SSW. SSW. SW. SWS. SW. W by S. W. SSW 2 WSW ? WSW ? SWS. SW. SW iW. WNW. v. WNw. WNW. Nw. NW iW. W by S$? Clouds moving from ane SW? SSW. SW. SW. WSW : SW. SW by W: W by 8. WSW. W ? WwW? OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 23—30. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. 187 Observer’s Initial. . Streaks of cirro-strati to N. and 8S. . Linear and woolly cirri; smoke shews the wind to be from SSE. - Woolly and linear cirri and cirrous haze. Id. id., cirro-strati ; masses of scud on N, horizon. Id. id . Linear and flame cirri radiating from SW. Id. . Sky covered with thin scud. . Clouds on horizon ; cirrous haze. . Woolly cirri, cirrous haze ; cirro-strati to S. and E. . Thick cirrous mass; shower of snow. . Large woolly cirro-cumuli, scarcely moving. . Cirrous scud and loose cumuli. . Cirrous scud and woolly cirri. . Cirrous clouds ; foggy. . Thick fog. Id. . Scud. . Thick scud ; sky on NE. horizon. . Scud, in different strata + woolly cirri; rain, rainbow. . Scud, woolly and feathered cirri; light rain. . Thick seud : woolly cirri; drizzle. . Two currents of scud ; shower. 6. Scud; light rain. Sanpld: 10. Cirrous scud. 18. Seud. 20. Id. + woolly cirri; cirro-strati on E. horizon. 22. Id. + cirrous haze, linear cirri, and cirro-strati. 0. Id. + cirrous haze covering the sky; the sun shining faintly. 2. Id. + dense cirrous mass; occasional drops of rain. 4. Id. + id. 6. Id. + id. 8. Id. id. ; light rain. 10. Cirrous haze to E.; scud to S. 18. Clear. 20. Loose scud on §. horizon + cirrous haze on E. horizon. 22. Id. 0. Scud to SE. 2. ay [scud. 4, Mottled, reticulated, and cymoid cirri, with cirrous haze, forming over a great part of the sky ; masses of 6. Clear. 8. Cirrous haze to SW. 10. Clear. 18. Scud. 20. Homogeneous ; cirro-strati on E. horizon. . Thin smoky scud + dense cirrous clouds. Id. — id. ; light rain. Id. oo id. . Loose scud ; light drizzle. SwoSeeted eau eeaun qeeeds wuddbeedd esdduewdd edddeneds eeoooos SOOO ooo © bo S2O1O10 OO o eo cocoooo cooooscoococoe BARo- METER Corrected. in. 29-720 719 738 29-888 905 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Wet. 48:3 49-1 47-6 33-0 31-3 Max. 49-9 30-4 38-8 25:3 48-1 38-2 50-2 45:6 51:5 48-4 w on oS and Min. pM Poo mw PP BEenaunree OOF Sewer yy mw Dwowwrew Bao Clouds moving from SW. NW. WSsw ? WSW: W. SW by W: W. SW by W: WNW. W:WNW: NW. WNW. WNW. WW. W. W by 8S: W. SW. | SW by W: W by N. | SW. | SW by 8. SW. SW. WSw. SW. SW. SW. WSW : WSW. WSW. Wwsw. W. W. W iN. W iN. WNW. W by N. WNW. W by N. OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 30—DEcEMBER 6. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. 189 Observer’s Jnitial. Loose scud ; light drizzle. Id. ; id. Large woolly cirro-cumuli + cirrous haze to SW. Clear. Cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. and S. Thick, ribbed, and evenly mottled cirrous clouds, nearly homogeneous. As before, but much thicker. Irregular, hazy, woolly, and linear cirrous mass, with a little hazy sky in zenith; breaking a little. Cirro-cumuli of all varieties and forms, passing from the finest spots to the largest masses 5 some of them hanging like bags, lying in strata, and other forms ; in some places of a bluish-grey, with patches of whitish-yellow + hazy linear cirri under the cirro-cumuli to NE., radiat- ing from NNW.; thick and hazy to E.; feathered and woolly cirri above the cirro-cumuli, Woolly cirri to 8. Long ribbons of thin woolly cirri, radiating from WSW., of different lengths, some of them stretching from the WSW, point of the horizon to 45° past the zenith, i.e. 135° 3 the whole move from about NNW..; stars of small magnitude are visible through the strips; in passing over the moon they cause a small corona. Uncommonly thin haze over the sky; streaks of ribbon-cirrito E. A beautiful lunar halo 23° radius, the complete breadth of the ring is about 4°. Scud + cirrous clouds. Scud: cirro-cumuli. Woolly and diffuse cirri cover the whole sky; strata of loose cirro-cumuli moving slowly : a great band of dense secud with attendant patches of loose thin scud, moving rapidly from WSW., the patches quickest; the whole issues from a misty mass to SW., the patches moving over all parts of the sky and far below the cirrous clouds. Nearly as before, but the sky is more completely covered by thin smoky scud. Two currents of scud + cirri. heninank Masses of loose smoky scud in two currents: large loose cirro-cumuli, moving slowly + cirrous clouds ; bands of cirro-strati and scud near the Cirri and patches of scud; lunar corona. Scud + cirrous haze to E. Id. Scud + cirrous clouds. Id. Loose scud : linear and mottled cirri. Scud + cirro-strati to E. Loose secud: large cirro-cumuli. Seud + linear cirri and cirro-cumuli. Scud + cirrous clouds. Id. Id., moving rapidly. Scud. Thin detached masses of scud, very low + the upper scud is red below. Scud + dense cirrous clouds; slight drizzle. Patches of seud, cirro-cumulous scud + the upper mass of cirrous clouds breaking up into woolly and linear cirri and cirrous haze, Masses of scud: woolly, mottled, and diffuse cirri and cirrous haze; part of a solar halo lately. Scud on horizon ; nimbi to S., with cirrous crowns; very black to SE; beautiful strata of cirro-cumuli and mottled cirri, chequered in diffe- rent ways, the strata lying ENE. to WSW., but passing 20° to the S. of the zenith. Scud. Id. Id. Id. Id.; light rain. Masses of scud near horizon. Masses of thin scud ; passing showers. l Id.; cirrous haze to E. and N. Masses of scud +~ linear cirri to SW., radiating from NNW.; cirrous haze on N. and E. horizon. Scud + patches of cirri to SH. HhnWsSs Has 43 Sa ww Waedsuww Bwtasaw sane Sesanw Sstnndasuw MAG. AND MET. ops. 1848, Dec. 12 100 30-021 190 Gottingen Mean Time Baro- of METER Observation. Corrected. m in. Dec. 0 || 29-902 10 O 940 18 0 29-790 20 O 732 22 O 656 Dec. 7 0 O 637 2-0 629 4 0 556 6 0 544 8 0 584 10 O 638 18 0 29-837 20 40 856 22 0 876 Dec. 8 O O 888 2 0 865 4 0 887 6 0 914 8 0 919 10 0O 947 18 0 30-009 20 O 30-016 22 0 30-024 Dec. 9 O O 30-024 2 0 30-002 4 0 29-992 6 0 29-988 8 0 29-984 10 O 29-970 Dec. 10 0 O 18 20 29-894 20 O 29-889 22 0 29-916 Dec. 11 O O 29-920 2 0 29-935 4 0 29-966 6 0 29-986 8 0 30-023 10 O 30-044 18 0 30-123 20 0 128 22 0 152 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DaILty METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. learedl 46-6 | 42-8 | 3-8 43-5 | 40-9 | 2-6 45-3 | 43-3 | 2-0 45-1 | 44-1 | 1-0 473 1,453 | zonal see 48-9 | 47-0 | 1-9 50-1 | 48-7 | 1-4 54-0 | 50-8 | 3-2 53-6 | 50-7 | 2-9 53-6 | 50-9 | 2-7 52-1 | 49.2 | 2-9 44-6 | 41-7 | 2-9 45-3 | 41-9 | 3-4 47-0 | 43-0 | 4-0 eee 48-3 | 44-7 | 3-6 48-2 | 44.3 | 3-9 48-2 | 44.3 | 3-9 47-6 | 44-6 | 3-0 47-0 | 44-7 | 2-3 46-7 | 45.0 | 1-7 43-3 | 42:9 | 0-4 45:3 | 44.9 | 0-4 47-2 | 46-0 | 1-2 a 48-7 | 47-6 | 1-1 49-1 | 47-8 | 1:3 48-3 | 47-0 | 1-3 46-6 | 45-9 | 0-7 45-3 | 45.0 | 0-3 46:0 | 45-5 | 0-5 49-2 38-7 44-3 | 42-4 | 1.9 46-9 | 44-7 | 2.2 47-7 | 46-0 | 1-7 ya 49-7 | 47-4 | 2.3 50-5 | 47-8 | 2-7 48-7 | 46.9 | 1-8 48-3 | 46-8 | 1-5 47-5 | 46-3 | 1-2 44.2 | 44-0 | 0-2 46:3 | 45-6 | 0-7 A341, 143-0 | V0.0 ena 46-2 | 45-8 | O4 | 405 49-0 | 47-6 | 1-4 49-1 | 47-2 | 1-9 47:8 | 45-8 | 2-0 47-0 | 45-0 | 2-0 46-8 | 43-7 | 3-1 47-2 | 44.8 | 24 47-4 | 45-6 | 1-8 RAIN GAUGE. in. 0-182 0-253 0-012 0-000 0-000 ANEMOMETER. Pressure. Direction of Max. | Pres. Nas lbs. Tbs 4-4 | 3-9 W. 4-2 | 0-0 2-9 1-4 SWS 2-1 1-7 SWis 4:9 | 3-7 SW. v. 3-4 1-3 SWiWw 3-2 1-8 SW. v 2-4 1-4 SW.v 1:9 | 0-4 Sw 2 3:8 | 2-6 |SW by W.v 2:3 1-4 WSW. 1-8 | 0-6 | WbyS.v 0-6 | 0-2 WSW ? 1-2 1-1 WSW ES. 2-3 1:0 SW. 3-2 1-8 WSW. 16 | 1-1 WbyS 1-6 0-3 WSW ? 1-4 | 0-5 WiN 0-6 | 0-2 W. 0-3 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-2 | 0-1 WSW iS. 0-1 0-1 SW 34 W. 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 |; 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-7 | 0-1 SWiS. 0-2 | 0-2 SSW 4 W. 0-9 | 0-0 1-1 0-8 SW. v. 1-2 | 0-2 SW iS. 0-4 | 0-2 SW. 0-4 | 0-1 SW 34 W. 0-1 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-0 | 0-0 0-0 0-2 SSW. 0-1 0-2 SW 4S. 0:3 0-1 SW iS. 0-5 0-3 SSW. 1-1 0-2 SSW } W. 0-6 0-2 SSW iW. 9.7 | 15 SW tS. Quan- Clouds moving from ey Clouds. 0—10, W by N: NW. 7-0 W. 6-5 SW.: WNW. 9-0 SW: WNW? 9.8 SW: WNW: WNW. 7-0 W:WNW? 9-8 W. 10-0 W by 8: W. 10-0 10-0 W by N. 10-0 W. 3-0 WNW. 1:5 WNW. 8.5 WNW. 9.5 W by N. 9-5 WNW. 4.0 WNW : WNW. 6-0 WNW : WNW. 35 NW. 3-0 NW? 2.0 NW ? 1:3 W. 9-8 SW by W: W 10-0 SW. 10-0 SW: W 10-0 Ww. 9-8 Ww. 10-0 Ww. 9.8 10-0 SW : WSW 4-0 SW. 9.8 SW by S | 10-0 SW. | 9.8 Sw. | 9.8 Sw. | 10-0 SW. 10-0 SW. 9.9 SW 2 5.0 9-8 Sw. | 2-0 SW. | 9.8 SW. 10-0 SW. 9.8 Sw. 9-8 Sw. 10-0 10-0 10-0 SW? 10-0 Dec, 64 8h. The reading of the barometer is very doubtful, the observation was evidently hurried, and not entered into the note-book. OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 6—12. 1843. 191 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. h. 8. Scud: sheets of cirri, crossed at right angles by linear cirri; coloured corona about the moon, first yellowish-white, passing into brown, blue, and green successively ; the radius of the outer circle being about 4°. At 84 15™ a distinct halo of 20° radius. 10. Scud + diffuse cirri and cirro-strati ; a few minutes ago there were a lunar halo and coloured corona. ; 18. Masses of thin scud : sheets of cirri; a coloured lunar corona; occasional drops of rain. 20. Patches of scud: a thick cirrous mass over most of the sky; light rain. [slowly. 22. Small patches of thin scud : cirro-cumulo-strati and cirro-cumuli: woolly and diffuse cirri, moving very 0. Scud: thick cirrous clouds. 2. Id.; light rain. 4, Two currents of scud. 6. Very thick scud. 8. Scud; a few drops of rain. 10. Id. 18. Scud + cirri. 20. Id. + linear cirri to E. 22. Id. + id. N. 0. Id. + linear and mottled cirri to SE. 2. Id. + patches of cirri. 4, Id.: beautifully mottled and reticulated cirri in strata radiating from SSE. and WNW. 6 8 0 Id.: streak of woolly cirrus. . Id. + linear cirri and cirrous haze. . Patches of scud + linear cirri, cirro-strati, and cirrous haze; the linear cirri in short lines pointing SSE. and these in strata lying WNW. to ESE. wenn sgedww Zerneeern 44 18, Scud + cirrous haze all round the horizon. 185 30™, Scud passing over the Moon produces a coloured corona; yellow, orange, blue, yellowish- green, and orange, are the colours from the Moon outwards ; the extreme radius being 6°, 20. Cirrous scud. 22. Scud: cirrous clouds. 0. Id. + id. 2. Masses of scud : cirrous scud and cirrous clouds. 4. Cirrous scud and woolly cirri, moving very slowly. 6 Id. 8 0. Id. Zane reeern . Overcast. 18. Scud: patches of mottled cirri and cirro-cumuli, moving very slowly. 20. Id.; clear on E. horizon. 22, iid. fis from S. 0. a scud + mottled, woolly, and diffuse cirri and cirro-strati; wind in gusts, when blowing strongest it 2. d. id. 4. Thick scud. 6. Id. 8. Id. 10. Thin scud + cirro-strati to E. 18. Cirro-cumulous scud ; cirro-strati to SW. 20. Loose scud, moving quickly ; heavy dew since 18}. 92. Loose scud ; clouds blue, yellow, and gray. 0. Scud. 2. Id.; the lowest thinnest and moving quickest. | 4, Id. + loose cumuli to S. iim G6. Id. 8. Id.; Auroral light? to NNW. 0. Id.; very dark. | 18. Thick scud. GZ wwSssnewes wwstsunnss 192 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL Rees THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen pine: Quan- Mean Time RaIn P : | Clona Stnotre tity of atte D : Max. ||GAUGE. euee ine Direction of | See Ova iene of Observation. Corrected. rye Wet. Diff. |and Min. Max epee Wind. | Clouds. Gh neat in. 2 2 2 G in. Ibs. Ibs. 0—10. Dec. 12 20 0 || 30-022 || 46-9 | 44-0 | 2-9 | Jo, 3-6 | 1-5 SW. Sw. 10-0 22 0 033 || 46-7 | 44-0 | 2-7 | 7. . 3-5 | 1-7 | SWS. SW by W. 10-0 Dec. 13 0. 0 051 || 46-7 | 44-4 | 2.3 0.000: | 18 | o2 | SW as: SW by W. 10-0 2°70 032 || 46-0 | 43-8 | 2.2 2-8. | 1:6°| SW358. SW : Sw? 7-0 4 0 038 || 46-0 | 43-9 | 2-1 2-1 | 0-6 | SSW 3 W. SW by W. 9-8 6 0 051 || 45-7 | 44.3 | 1-4 1:8 | 0-2 | SWbyS. 10-0 8:0 051 || 46-0 | 44.7 | 1-3 1:2 | 0-9 | SWHS. 10-0 10 0 070 || 47-2 | 46-3 | 0-9 2-1 | 0-3 | SW4S5. 10-0 18 0 || 30-022 || 48-4 | 47-0 | 1-4 9-3) 1-2 | SWS. WSW. 7.0 20 0 | 30-012 || 45-9 | 44:3 | 16 | yoo 0-8 | 0-2 | SW3W. WSW. 4.0 22 0 || 30-015 | 48-3 | 45-9 | 24 | goog 1-1 | 0-5 SW. v. WSW 35. 10-0 Dec. 14 0 0] 29-997 | 48-9 | 46-0 | 2-9 0.013 Woe | ee || SWoRyeS: v2 28 We by ae ESE 9-9 2 0 | 29-948 || 49-0 | 46-1 | 2-9 4.7 | 9.1 SW. v. SW by W: WNW. 9-8 4 0 || 29-935 | 48-7 | 45-6 | 3-1 4-1 | 1-0 | SW38. WSW 3 W. 8-0 6 0 | 29-898 | 49-2 | 46-0 | 3-2 2.2 | 2.2 SW. 4-0 8 0 | 29-845 || 48-9 | 46-6 | 2-3 5-7 | 4:8 Sw. Wis. B85 10 0 || 29-838 || 51-0 | 47-2 | 3-8 6-1 | 4-8 SW wis 7-0 18 0 || 29-744 || 52-7 | 49-0 | 3-7 7-5 | 4.0 | WSW.v WiN 9.8 20 0 739 || 53-0 | 49-4 | 36 | 4o4 5-5 | 5-2 W..v. WwW 8-0 2240 793 49.7, 149-07 0000 Nhe og 3-4 | 1-8 W. v. Ww: W 9-5 | Dec. 15 0 0 846 || 48-7 | 46-2 | 2-5 “ll o.o00 || 28 | 98 W WN. 9-8 20) 854 || 47-1 | 44-6 | 2-5 2-1 | 1-1 | Wby N? W by N 8-5 4 0 869 || 45-8 | 43-1 | 2-7 1:7 | 1-2 W. W by N: W. 8-5 6 0 889 || 44-9 | 43-1 | 1-8 14 | 0-4 | WbyN 6-5 8 0 922 | 44-3 | 40-9 | 3-4 16 | 0-3 | Wby N? 2-5 110° 0 953 |) 42-2 | 40-0 | 2.2 0-6 | 0-0 0-5 18 0 | 30-001 || 39-3 | 36-4 | 2.9 0-8 | 0-1 WSW? WNW 3-5 20:50 013 || 39-6 | 37-0 | 26 | ..4 0-3 | 0-3 WSW 1-0 22750 052 || 38-0 | 36-3 | 1-7 | 35.6 0-3 | O-1 NW by W. 2-0 | Dec 16 0 0 067 || 42:0 | 38-5 | 3-5 0.000 || 27 | 4 | WSW ES. WNW? 1-0 | 2 0 088 || 42-6 | 39-0 | 3-6 0-8 | 0.2 | WbyS? NW? 1-5 4 0 101 || 39-5 | 37-5 | 2-0 0-3 | 0-1 WSW ? NW. 1:5 6 0 107 37-90 386-7) 5 1-2 0-2 | 0-0 0-5 8 0 103 || 40-3 | 38-7 | 1-6 0-1 | 0-0 10-0 10 0 079 || 42-9 | 41-4 | 1-5 0-2 | 0-0 10-0 42-8 Dec: 17% 0) 10 36-6 3-1 Ww 18 0 || 30-166 || 44-7 | 44-0 | 0-7 1-1 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 AlN ope a CER | Une oe 0-1 | 0-0 W. 10-0 22 0 194 || 44-9 | 44-3 | 06 | 5,9 | 0-0 | 0-0 WSW?: W. 8-0 Dec. 18 0 0 196 | 47-3 | 45:8 | 1-5 | °°" [ig oog | O21 | O-0 Sw? Wsw? 9-9 20 194 || 47.3 | 45-4 | 1.9 le 0-1 | 0-0 WSW. 9-9 4 0 191 || 45-3 | 43-6 | 1.7 | 0-3 | 0-1 | SWS. Wsw. 9-9 6 0 192 || 42-9 | 41-7 | 1.2 0-1 | 0-0 Wav. 8-8 8 0 200 || 43-6 | 42-5 | 1-1 0-0 | 0-0 | 10-0 | 10 0 205 || 42-9 | 41-8 | 1-1 0-0 | 0-0 9-8 | 18 0 | 30-161 || 42-8 | 41-5 | 1-3 0-3 | 0-0 | 10-0 20 0 150 ia2-7) 41-1) 6a eis! | 0-1 | 0-0 || 10-0 22.0 1d6) |) 42:70 | 40-2) 1-5 ag | | 0-0 | 0-0 | SW. 10-0 Dee. 19 0 O 146 || 44-7 41-8 2.9 | 0-008 | 0-0 | 0-0 Sw. | 10-0 2.10 119 || 44-3 | 41-7 | 2-6 | ~ || 0-2 | 0-1 | SWoyS. | 10-0 4 0 113 || 44-0 | 41-7 | 2:3 | | 0-3 | O-1 ssw? | WSw $8. 10-0 6 0 111 |} 43-8 | 41-9 | 1-9 | | 0-2 | 0-0 | 10-0 | i Dee. 144 22%) The minimum temperature is taken from the readings of the dry bulb thermometer. OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 12—19. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. h. 20. Scud. 22. Id., in loose masses. O, lke id. Be. yd... id: woolly and mottled cirri, moving very slowly. 4, Id. + cirrous clouds. 6: Id: hich 10. Id.; very dark. 18. Scud + thin cirrous clouds to S. 20. Patches of loose scud + linear cirri and cirrous haze; very thin cirro-strati on horizon. 99. Thin low scud + thick cirrous haze, mottled cirri, and cirro-strati, covering the sky; the mottled cirri, radiating in sheets from SSE } E. 0. Seud: cirrous clouds; nearly as before. 9. As at 0; clouds quite blue to SE., sky to WNW. 4, Scud + mottled, waved, and reticulated cirri; cirrous haze. 6. Id. + thin cirrous clouds and cirrous haze. 8. Id.; slight drops of rain. Os Ld. Be ld’: 20. Id.; a few drops of rain. 22. Thin scud: woolly woven cirri, radiating from E. and W.; light rain. 0. Id. + cirri; light rain. 2. Id. + id.; drops of rain. 4, Id.: mottled and interlaced cirri. 6. Scud. 8. Id., radiating from W. and E. 10. Patches of scud. 18. Scud + bands of light cirri lying E. and W. 90. Cirro-strati and linear cirri; masses of scud to S. 99. Flambeaux of woolly cirri reaching from E. horizon to zenith, radiating from about ENE. ; linear cirri to S. lying ESE, to WNW. 0. Strips of mottled cirri + cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon. 2. Cirro-strati, sheets of reticulated, mottled, and curled cirri. 4, Thin woolly cirri and masses of cirro-cumuli +~ cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon ; masses of scud. 6. Cirro-strati. 8. Dark. On iid: Wey AIG 20. Scud. 22. Patches of loose scud: large, loose, woolly cirro-cumuli + woolly cirri. 0. Thick cirro-cumulo-strati +- masses of loose scud to S. 2. Scud + cirro-strati to E. 4 Jighh ee id. 6) 1d. Gieeld: 10. Id. 18. Dark. 20. Thick scud. 22. Id., moving slowly. U: Id. Id. MAG. AND MET. oss, 1843. 3c Observer’s Initial. * wuddewodd wedduondd wwdsdooods wdddgdu” | BGO sae aa ao 194 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Banos : Quan- nae ae Aero f Max. eee Pressure. | Direction of || Clouds moving from a Observation. Corrected.) D yo Wet. Diff. and Min. Max. | Pres Naat Clouds. d. he ‘mm! in. ° ° ° ° in lbs. Ibs 1—10. Dec. 19 8 O|| 30-095 |] 43-7 | 42.2 | 1.5 0-3 | O-1 S by W. 10-0 10 0 098 || 45-3 | 43-6 | 1-7 0-3 | 0-0 10-0 18 01 30-074 | 46-7 | 45.4 | 1.3 0-6 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 || 30-048 || 45-7 | 44.1 | 1-6 ah 0-1 | 0-1 SSW ? SW. 9-9 22 0 || 30-036 | 45-7 | 43-9 | 1-8 0-3 | 0-1 | SSW4W. WSw. 9.8 Dec. 20 0 0|| 30-010 || 46-6 | 446 | 9.0 | #14 o.002 | °2 | 02 | SSW 4. | SW: SW? 10-0 2°0|| 29-973 || 47-5 | 45-8 | 1-7 ‘ 0-2 | 0-0 SW: WSW? 9-8 4 0 || 29-956 || 49-4 | 48-3 1-1 0-5 | 0-1 SW iW: WSw. 9-8 6 0|| 29-941 || 49.2 | 47-0 | 2.2 1-1 | 0-2 Sw. 10-0 8 O| 29-913 | 48-5 | 46-0 | 2.5 1-1 | 0-6 SW. 6-5 10 0] 29-891 | 47-7 | 45-6 | 2-1 0-5 | 0-2 Sw. 10-0 18 0 || 29-940 | 45-5 | 44-5 | 1-0 0-0 | 0-0 7-0 20 0 || 29-994 | 39-0 | 39-0 | 0-0 | 45 0-0 | 0-0 Ww 0-3 22 0|| 30-055 || 38-9 | 38-7 | 0-2 564 0-1 | 0-0 SW. WNW? 0-3 Dec. 21 0 0O|| 30-077 || 43-4 | 42-3 | 1-1 |- ante 0-1 | 0-1-| SSw. Ww. 5.0 2 0|| 30-086 || 45-0 | 43-6 | 1-4 0-2 | 0-0 0-5 4 0|| 30-103 || 40-8 | 40:6 | 0-2 0-0 | 0-0 1s 6 0] 30-109 || 37-1 | 37-0 | 0-1 0-0 | 0-0 2-0 8 0O|| 30-105 || 39-6 | 39-3 | 0-3 0-0 | 0-0 3-0 10 0 || 30-067 || 38-6 | 38-0 | 06 0-0 | 0-0 0-5 18 0 ]| 29-925 |] 44.2 | 43-7 | 0.5 0-3 | 0-0 WSW? 3-0 20 0 871 || 45-3 | 44-1 | 1-2 Aas wee | eee 7:02 22 0 826 | 48-3 | 46-2 | 21 | 3.5 vs see See Dec. 22 0 O 759 || 51:0 | 48-6 | 2.4 0-000 | 28 | 1:4 SSW. SSW. 10-0 2 0 691 || 53-0 | 51-0 | 2-0 4-5 | 3-4 | SWbyS. SW by §. 10-0 40 636 || 53-7 | 51-8 | 1-9 6-0 | 48 | SSW 3 W. | SW iW. 7.0 6 0 631 || 53-7 | 50-5 | 3-2 7:3 5:6 ie SS Wis Wie SW? | 7.0 8 0 660 || 52-2 | 48-2 | 4.0 5-8 | 3-9 | SWbyS. | | 7:5 10 0 710 || 51-0 | 46-8 | 4-2 4-7 | 2:1 | SWbyS. | | 10-0 18 0 || 29-887 || 50-0 | 46-8 | 3-2 5.2 | 21 | SWbyS. WSsw. | 6-0 20 0 937 || 48-5 | 45-2 | 3-3 53.9 1-9 | 1-1 | SWbyS. W by 8. 7-0 92 0 964. || 46-8 | 45-6 1-2 ; 955 | a3 SWiS. ||SWbyW:W:WbyN.]| 6.0 Dec. 23 0 0| 996 | 49.0 |46-9 | 21 |7°° | | a5 | 1-7 | SW. SW by W: W. 7-5 2 0 984 || 50-7 | 48-6 | 2-1 1-7 | 0-4 SW. SW: W. | 9.0 4 0 961 || 50-2 | 48-2 | 2-0 0-7 | 0-2 SW? SW by W. | 85 6 0 984 | 51-0 | 49-7 | 1-3 0-6 | 0-5 WSwW. | 8-0 8 0 969 || 51-9 | 50-9 | 1-0 2.1 | 0-6 SW. | 10:0 10 0 965 || 52:0 | 51-2 | 0-8 3-5 | 14 | SW3W. 10-0 52-0 i Dec. 24 0 O yO 3:4 tee SW. 18 0 || 30-186 || 49-6 | 49-0 | 0-6 1-1 | 0-0 10-0 20 0 184 | 50-6 | 49-7 | 09 |... 0-0 | 0-0 SSW. | 98 22 0 179 || 51-3 | 50-3 | 1:0 0-3 | 0-2 SSW. SW by S$ 10-0 Dec. 25 0 0 166 | 51-1 | 50-2 | 09 | 44° | jos | 05 | ssw. SSW} W 10-0 2 0 132 || 51-8 | 50-0 | 1-8 , 0-2 | Ol SSW SWis 10-0 4 0 095 || 50-2 | 48.0 | 2.2 15 |02 | Sby W SW: SSW }W 9-5 6 0 079 || 48:0 | 45-7 | 2-3 22 | 1-6 | WSW4S 2-0 S50 074 || 48-1 | 45-8 | 2-3 14.1) ASeIRSWadwen ie SW | 6-0 10 0 085 || 48-7 | 46-3 | 24 1-4 | 0-1 SSW ? | 80 18 0 || 30-078 || 47-6 | 45-4 | 2.2 | 3-0 | 1-1 | SWbyS. | 45 20 0} 095 | 46-9 | 45:1 | 91:8) Ie | 16 | 03 | SW3W. | SW by W. | 7-0 22 0 130 || 47-8 | 46-2 | 1-6 ee 10-6 | 0-1 SW: W bys. | 9-0 Dec. 20% 22h, The maximum and minimum are taken from the dry bulb thermometer. Dec. 214 20% and 22%, The meteorological observations are interpolated for the purposes of summation from the observations at 194, 21", and 23 (see Lvtra Observations), the observations at 20" and 22% being accidentally lost. OBSERVATIONS, DECEWBER 19—25. 1843. 195 ‘| e aa pes SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. 53] ae (es) h. 8. Scud. OE Vid. 18. Thick clouds. 20. Scud + cirro-strati to SH., with a patch of reddish sky. 22. Loose scud + dense homogeneous cirrous mass; cirro-strati on E. horizon 0. Scud: cirrous mass. 2. Loose scud: cirro-cumuli and dense cirrous clouds. 4. Id. : id. 6. Scud. Say ld: Oe etd: 18. Strata of clouds lying ENE. to WSW. 20. Scud to S. + cirro-strati on E. horizon. 22. Patches of scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to SE. 0. Woolly and linear cirri. 2. Patches of mottled and woolly cirri; cirrous haze and cirro-strati on horizon. 4, Cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri to NW.; cirrous haze on horizon. 6. Sheets of cirro-strati reaching from SSW. to E. 8. Clouds on E. and §. horizon. 10. Streaks of clouds. 18. Scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. 20. Scud and cirrous clouds. 22. 0. Scud. 24, AIG, 4. Id.; clouds just clearing off. 6. Id. Seid: HO} eld: | | Gs) old: 20. Id. 22. Two currents of scud : woolly and linear cirri and loose cirro-cumuli. 0. Seud: cirro-cumuli. 9, Scud: two strata of cirro-cumuli + cirro-strati to SE., having the appearance of an oblique section of thin layers of sandstone, slightly contorted. 4, Scud + sheets of cirro-strati, cirro-cumuli, and cirri, in different strata. About 4% 20™ the cirro-strati to 6. Principally cirro-strati. [E. were very red. 8. Overcast. 0 Id. sadgudddue ddouds ow dmuddniduw ddsudddew fq | 33) Td. Ww 20. Scud. WwW 22. Id. B 0. Id.; the slightest spit of rain. B oe Kd. B 4, Id., in two currents. w 6. Id w | | Go) LUGE Ww | | 10, Id. B ts: Id. Ww | 20. Id. + woolly cirri, slightly tinged with red. w Powe Ld..: cirri. B 196 DAILY METEOROLOGICAL Gottingen Mean Time of Observation. d. Dec. 26 Dec. 27 Dec. 28 Be 743) . 30 Dee. 31 OrOiS ee OOO Orr Orr Orr OrO7O SSS SIS) o o BARo- METER Corrected. THERMOMETERS. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. lanes 49-6 | 47.3 | 23 49-6 | 47.2 | 9.4 48-3 | 46-1 | 22 45-6 | 44-3 | 1.3 49-1 | 49:0 | 0-1 44-8 | 44.3 | 0-5 45-0 | 43-9 | 1-1 44.3 | 43-6 | 0-7 46-3 | 45-3 | 1-0 ete 48-0 | 46-1 | 1-9 48-8 | 46-3 | 2-5 45-0 | 43-9 | 1-1 42-7 | 41-8 | 0.9 40-7 | 40-1 | 0-6 41-0 | 40.2 | 08 42.3 | 42.2 | 0-1 42.5 | 42:0 | 0-5 48-8 44-7 | 446 | O1 | So's 46-9 | 46-0 | 0.9 48.2 | 45.9 | 2.3 46-7 | 44.9 | 1-8 46-0 | 44.3 | 1-7 46-0 | 43-8 | 2.2 46-0 | 43-0 | 3-0 45-7 | 49.9 | 2.8 45-6 | 43-2 | 9.4 46-1 | 43.8 | 23 | 47) 47-7 | 45-0 | 27 47-9 | 45.2 | 2.7 47-0 | 44.9 | 21 46-9 | 44.9 | 2.0 PGi ib Csstoy. ile 47-7 | 45-7 | 2.0 44.5 | 42.4 | 24 45-9 | 43-5 | 24 47-5 46-0 | 436 | 24 | 36° 47-9 | 43-1 | 48 45.8 | 49.7 | 34 44.0 | 41-7 | 2.3 43-4 | 41-3 | 3-1 44.9 | 49.7 | 2.9 45.2 | 42.9 | 23 46-6 41-6 47-7 26-7 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000 ANEMOMETER. ena Direction of Max. | Pres. Wand: lbs. Ibs. 0-3 0-3 Sw 48S. 0-9 | 0-4 Sw 3 W. 0-4 | 0-2 SW. 0-6 0-3 SW. 0-2 0-0 0-1 0-0 0:3 0-3 SW by 8 0-5 0-4 SW3S8 0-8 0-1 SW by 8 0-5 0-1 SWis 0-2 0-1 SW348 0-2 0-1 SW. 0-8 0-2 SW458S 0-3 0-1 SW ? 0-2 0-0 0:3 0-1 SSW ? 0-2 0-0 0:0 | 0-0 0-3 0-2 SWis 1:8 1:8 SW. 1-6 0:3 S by W 0-8 0-6 SSW. 0-7 0-3 SWiS 0-4 | 0-3 SWi8 1-3 0-2 SW38 1:5 0-3 SW48 0-9 0:3 SW. 0-5 0-4 SW. 0-5 0:3 SWS. 1-0 0-3 SW by 8. 1:7 | 0-2 | SSW3W. 0-3 0-1 SW by S. 1-1 0-1 SW by S. 2-7 0-2 SW. 1-7 0-7 SW by S. 3-4 2-1 SW 3S. 9.1 0-8 SWS. 3-7 | 3-0 SWS. 2:3 0-2 SW by S. 1-7 0-6 SSW 3 W. 2.5 | 1-1 | SWbyS 2-1 1-1 SW by 8 4-2 Clouds moving from SW: W by S. SW. SW by W. WSW. SW iW. SW by W. SW by W. Wsw $8. WSsw iS. WSW 3 W. WSsw. WSW 38. | WSW. SW by W: W. W by S: WHEN. WSw iw. WSW : W. WSW: W. | | SW by W: WSW: SWby W?)) SW by W: WSW : SW by W? WSW : WSW? WSsw. Wsw. Way. OBSERVATIONS, DECEMBER 26—31. 1843. 197 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Observer’s Initial. h. 0. Cirrous scud : woolly cirri + cirro-strati. 2. Scud. 4. Id. 4 : : [the Moon. 6. Masses of scud to N.; lines of cirro-cumuli to S. lying WSW. to ENE.; thin cirri causing a corona about 8. Scud. 10" > Id. 18 . Scud ; a few minutes ago the quantity of clouds was 6. 20. Masses of scud near horizon; cirrous haze to E. 22. Scud. On id. We AGH 4, Id. 6. Masses of scud. 8. Patches of scud. 10. Id. 18. Streaks of clouds on N. and S. horizon. 920. Masses of scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze on horizon. 22. Cirro-cumulous scud or large cirro-cumuli with loose edges + cirro-strati with haze to E.; uncommonly heavy dew, hanging in large drops on the palings, &c. 0. Loose cirro-cumulous scud + masses of loose cumuli to S. and E.; cirro-strati to E. 2. Id. +— thin scud below. 4, Very loose scud + patches of cirro-strati to N. 6. Scud. Sa Ld: 10. Id. fey dG 20. Id 22. id 0. Cirro-cumulous seud + thin seud to SE. 2. Thin scud: watery woolly cirri. 4. Loose scud: cirrous scud + patches of cirro-strati to E. 6. Scud. | GL Il. | 1@; ll | 18. Masses of loose scud. 20. Dark scud to S.: masses of loose woolly cirrous scud. DPX, Id. 9 id. +— between the scud and cirri are cirro-strati in strata one above another, and with cirrous and cirro-cumulous edges. 0. Scud: loose and other cirro-strati: mottled and linear cirri. %, lielse id.; id. Apelilen: id. 6 8 0 Id. + linear cirri and cirro-strati; the Moon seen distinctly through the scud. [strati to N. . Masses of loose scud +~ bands of linear cirri and cirrous haze reaching across the sky, lying SW. to NE.; cirro- . Cirro-cumulous scud + sheets of cirri. eudmume <4 wwddunudd deddude ¢¢ veddedudd weddde | MAG. AND MET. ows. 1843. 3D er er) ice eee. ie, © eee eet aie Di ete ee ee TERM-DAY EXTRA METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATORY, 1843. 200 TERM-DAY AND EXTRA METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Quan- | i BAROMETER tit aia ae Css a iy de Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from Ae Observation. y p : ae = Wind. Clouds. ax. res. Gb ks sh in. Mf 2 e lbs. lbs. 0—10. Jan 9 20 47 28-221 Jan. 12 20 0O 28-029 33-9 33-8 0-1 0:3 SE. 10-0 20 52 27-978 Pe 0) 971 2210, 909 34-3 33°3 1-0 3:5 3-0 SE by 8. 10-0 23). 30 885 23 235 870 Jan. 13 0 O 864 35-6 34-7 0-9 3-2 0-5 SE. SSE? 9-7 0 35 849 PPB) 837 37-6 35-3 2-3 0-0 0:0 10-0 4 0 850 35:6 34-7 0-9 0-0 0-0 10-0 Jan, 18 10 0 30-126 46-2 45-4 0:8 0:5 0-0 10-0 1! O 12% 46-2 45-0 1-2 0-3 0-3 WSw. 10-0 12 0 130 46-3 45-4 0-9 0:5 0-5 Ww. 9.5 320 133 46-2 45-5 0-7 0-5 0:5 W. 9-7 14 0 139 46-1 45:3 0:8 0:5 0:7 W. 10-0 15 9 150 46-8 45-7 1-1 0-8 0-5 SW by W. WSsw. 10-0 16 0O 153 46-9 45-4 155 1-0 0-0 Ww. 10-0 hep 0) 132 46-0 45-2 0-8 1-2 2-0 SW by W. W. 5.0 18 0 139 46-2 45-2 1-0 1-8 1:0 WSw. WSw. 6-0 19 O 147 46-0 44-8 1-2 1-5 0-5 SW by W. WSsw. 9.0 20 0O 174 45-6 44.2 1-4 1:8 0-5 WSwW. 10-0 21.10 179 45:5 44-0 1-5 0-3 0-0 10-0 22080, 190 45-8 44-8 1-0 0-5 0-5 SW by W. 10-0 23-510 203 46-1 45-2 0-9 0-5 0-0 10-0 Jan. 19 0 O 196 46-8 45-7 1-1 0-5 0-8 SW by W. WSW ? | 10-0 1 O 182 47-0 45-9 1-1 1:0 0-5 SW by W. 10-0 2 0 176 47-0 45-5 1-5 0-0 0-0 10-0 3. (0 172 46-3 45-2 1-1 1-0 0:0 10-0 4 0 172 46-5 45-2 1:3 0-0 0-0 | 10-0 5 0 180 46-2 45-2 1-0 0-5 0-0 10-0 6 0 182 45-3 44-4 0-9 0:3 0:3 SW. 10-0 i XO 182 45-0 44-0 1-0 0-5 0-3 SW by W. 10-0 8 0 184 44-7 43-7 1-0 0-3 0-0 | 10-0 9 O 172 44-0 43-0 1:0 0-5 0:5 SW by W. 9.0 10 0O 176 43-5 42-5 1:0 1-0 1:0 SW by S. 9.0 Feb. 24 10 0O 29-586 35:6 34-7 0-9 0-0 0-0 | 10-0 tO 583 35-2 34-6 0-6 0-0 0-0 | 10-0 12 0 579 35:3 34:6 0-7 0-0 0:0 | 10-0 key, 0) 580 34:8 34:3 0-5 0-0 0-0 | 9-0 14 O 586 34:8 34-2 06 0-0 0:0 | 9-0 ss 0) 582 34-9 34-4 0-5 0-0 0-0 9-0 16 O 575 34-7 34:3 0-4 0-0 0-0 | 10-0 ee @) 584 34-5 33-9 0.6 0-0 0-0 10-0 18 0 582 34-7 33-8 0-9 0-0 0-0 10-0 19 0O 590 34:5 33:5 1:0 0-0 0-0 8-0 20 0 596 33-0 32-4 0-6 0-0 0-0 SSE: N 9.0 > ae O) 586 34-6 33-9 0-7 0-0 0-0 E by N, 10-0 22) 10 590 35-5 34-0 1:5 0-0 0-0 10-0 Pp} {0) 586 36-5 34-2 2-3 0-0 0:0 10-0 Feb. 25 0 0 579 36-6 34:3 2:3 0-0 0-0 E. | 10-0 XO) 568 37°5 34-8 2-7 0-0 0:0 10-0 2 0 559 37-6 35-4 2-2 0-0 0-0 10-0 OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY 9—FEBRUARY 25. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. 201 Observer’s Initial. 14 | rab 20 47. 20 0. Snowing. 2. 22 0. Sleet. 0 0. Scud + thick cirrous clouds; very hazy to E.; sky in patches to SW. . Homogeneous, except a few cumuli to S. S . Light rain. . Very light rain. . Scud and cirri. Scud ; cirrous clouds. Id. ; id. Scud, moving rapidly. Id. + cumulo-strati on horizon, Id. + woolly cirri. Id., moving rapidly. Id. Homogeneous scud ; light rain. Seud. Id. ; cumulo-strati on NE. horizon. Homogeneous scud ; clearer to NE ? Scud, nearly homogeneous. Homogeneous scud. Id. 2h 30™. The wind blew a gust of 1 lb. from WSW. Id. Id. Id. Light rain. Dark. Id. . Apparently haze over a portion of the sky, as the stars are but dimly seen. . As at last hour. ° . Scud. A lightish appearance to N.; Aurora? Id. Id. Id.; a lightish appearance to NE.; Aurora ? Patches of scud; dark clouds to NW. Id. ; id. . Lightish streak on SE. horizon. Scud ; a light streak on NE. horizon. Cirrous clouds to E.; clear on EH. horizon. Cirrous scud : woolly cirri + patches of cirro-cumuli; heavy clouds to E. Id. . Clearing to S. . Cirrous scud + patches of loose scud below. Id. . Seud, thick to NE. eoscssossssssssssss | ssssssessssssssossessesssoo| oo: MAG. AND MET. OBS, 1843. 3E Hn ghitidithidmmhinieddd | wed obivokbw ee dvouvdddduuUe 424 4 202 TerM-DAY AND ExtrRA METEOROLOGICAL aioe THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Quan- Ree egeaeas : Pressure: Direction of Clouds moving from oe Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. To ee Wind. Clouds. d. h. =m. in. © cS °. Ibs. Ibs. 0—10. Feb. 25 3 O]| 29-554 37-3 34-6 2.7 0:3 ee ENE? 10-0 4 0 547 35-3 34-5 0-8 0-3 | 0-0 E. 10-0 5 0 548 36-0 34-8 1-2 0:0 | 0-0 E 10-0 6 0 547 35-3 34-1 2 0-0 | 0-0 E 10-0 7.0 563 34.8 33-8 1.0 0-0 | 0-0 10-0 8 0 571 34.4 33-4 1-0 0:0 | 0-0 10-0 9 0 566 34.6 33-6 1-0 0:0 | 0-0 10-0 10 0 551 33.3 32-8 0-5 0:0 | 0-0 10-0 Mar. 614 0|| 29-975 38-0 37-6 0-4 ns ae 2.0 16 0 974 37-2 36-9 0:3 ac Mar. 12 13 0 || 29-250 41-2 38:2 3-0 2.5. |. 1-5 W. W by N. 2-0 14 0 252 41-1 38-1 3-0 Dy ll less W. W by N. 2-0 Mar. 20 18 0 || 29.212 41-8 41-4 0-4 0:5 | 0-0 SSE? 10-0 19 0 206 42-9 42-0 0-9 0-3 | 0-0 E. SSE. 10-0 20 0 200 43-8 43-0 0:8 0-0 | 0-0 SSE. 10-0 21 0 192 45-2 44-6 0-6 0:3 | 0-0 ESE. SSE. 10-0 220 197 49-8 49-1 0:7 0-5 | 0-3 SE by 6. SSE. 9-8 2300 187 50-6 48-1 2.5 1-Soe1eO S. SSE : SSH? 3-0 Mar. 21 0 0 189 52-4 49-7 2.7 15 | 1-0 S by E. S. 9-5 a) 187 53-8 50-3 3.5 1-2 | 0-5 SSE. SSE:S 3.5 20 184. 54-1 49-2 4.9 1-8 | 0-8 SSE. S. 7:0 ) 182 55-6 50-2 5.4 1-5 | 0-8 S by E. S. 9-9 4 0 182 54-2 50-0 4.2 05 | 0:3 SE by 8. 8. 8-5 Bi) 179 54:9 50-7 4.2 0-8 | 0-5 SE. 9-0 6 0 218 49-3 46:3 3-0 10 | 0:3 SW by S? Varying. 9-0 7 0 216 48-0 46-0 2.0 0-0 | 0-0 SE by S. 10-0 8 0 228 45-5 44-5 1-0 0-5 | 0-0 SSW. ' 10:0 9 0 212 44:2 43:3 0-9 0-4 | 0-0 1-0 10 0 200 43-0 42-7 0-3 0-3 | 0-0 0-0 11 0 198 44:8 44-2 0-6 0:0 | 0.0 0-1 12 0 187 45:3 44-1 1-2 0-3 | 0-0 | 0-3 13 0 187 46-0 45-0 1-0 0-3 | 0:3 SE. | 8:0 14 0 181 47-7 45:9 1-8 0-5 | 0:3 E by N. | 6-0 15 0 156 46-0 44-6 1-4 0-3 | 0-0 | 7-0 16 0 148 44-7 43-6 V1 0-3 | 0-0 | 10-0 17010 132 45:3 44-1 1-2 0-3 | 0-0 10-0 18 0 127 47-7 45-7 2.0 0-0 | 0-0 S by W? 10-0 19 0 113 47-3 45-5 1-8 0-3 | 0-0 SSE 10-0 20 0 122 47-5 46-0 1-5 0-3 | 0-3 S by B. SSE. 10-0 22 0 136 48-0 47-0 1-0 0:8, | 0:3 S by B. | 10-0 23 0 117 49-0 47-8 1-2 0-5 | 0-0 Ss. 9-9 Mar. 22 0 0 ze 53-7 50:6 3-1 1:3 1.3 S by BE. SSE. 4-0 2 0 127 58-0 52-4 5-6 2:5 | 1:5 S by W. S by W. | 7-0 350 134 58-8 51-0 7:8 2-0 2-7 S by W. | 7-0 4 0 134. 59-2 51-8 7-4 1:3. | 0-8 S by W. SSW. 7-0 50 166 56-7 50-2 6-5 1-2 | 0-5 S by W. S by W. 7-0 6 0 175 54-0 48-8 5-2 0-3 | 0-3 S by W. SSW. 75 70 207 50-0 47-0 3-0 0-3 | 0-0 S 5-0 8 0 219 || 47.7 | 45.6 21 | 00 | 0.0 S | 5.0 9 0 227 49-6 47-0 26 || 0-0 0-0 3-0 10 0 239 46-2 44-7 15 || 0-0 | 0-0 | 8-0 | iI OBSERVATIONS, FEBRUARY 25—Manrcu 22. 1843. 203 . Patches of cirrous scud + a mass of clouds covers the sky from NW., by E., to SE. to an altitude of 40°, curled cirri at the edges, apparently becoming haze to NE; cumulo-strati near horizon; cumulito SW. Detached masses of loose cumuli + the sky almost completely covered with thin crossed woolly cirri; As at 22, [cirrous haze on E. horizon. . Masses of loose cumuli and cumulo-strati +— woolly cirrous clouds. Masses of cirrous-edged cumuli +- ranges of cumuli on E. and 8. horizon; thin mixed woolly cirri. Large masses of cumulo-strati +— cirrous clouds. Masses of scud ; the sky quite milky with cirrous haze. Thick masses of scud. Seud. Id. Sd SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. q SY] a hy, 0. 3 0. Scud; rain to ENE ? B 4 0. Cirrous scud ; hail a short time ago. Ww it 5 0. Scud + cirrous seud. WwW 6 0. Loose scud + cirrous clouds. Ww ae 0) Id. + id. B 8 0. Very dark. D Sp Oh) Id. D | OF 0: Id. D | 14 0. Cumulous seud to NW. Light seen through the clouds to NNW., and when the clouds clear away a bank of light is seen along that portion B } 16 0. of the horizon, B 13 0. Seud. Faint auroral light, stronger four hours ago. B | 147,05 Id. B | 18 0. Scud; light rain. R 19 0. Loose thin scud. B 20 0. Scud. B | | 91 0. Id. + loose-edged cumulo-strati and loose cumuli to E. and SE. 22 0. Id. + woolly cirro-cumuli and fine linear cirri lying N. and §.; cumulo-strati and loose cumuli near w | 23 0. Large detached masses of secud : cirro-cumuli. [the horizon. W | 0 0. Scud and loose cumuli + woolly cirri and cirro-cumuli. w | 1 1 0. Thin scud: cirrous clouds. Ww | 2 0. Detached masses of cumuli + cirro-cumuli. WI }| 3 0. Loose cumuli + woolly cirri. w I | 4 0. Scud and masses of woolly cirro-cumuli. B | | 5 0. Scud; very dark to SSW.; thunder ? B 6 0. A large mass of electric clouds moved up from SSW. ; at first the W. was covered, but the tendency of the whole is towards the E.; the clouds | } at first appeared to be acted on by several currents, now they appear to move from SSE.; large drops of rain; sky to HE. with beautiful ! ecumulo-strati to SSE. B I q 7 Thick scud, falling in showers, the drops very large; hazy to E.; very black to 8. and W. B tl 8 0. Heavy showers, scud. | B :3| 9 Clear, except a few clouds to N. w | | 10 Clear. Ww 11 Id., except a small patch of scud to E. Ww 12 0. Patches of loose scud. Ww | ' 13 0. Thin scud. w | >| 14 Id. w I 15 Id. w | 16 Id. w | 17 Id. w | 18 0. Scud in different strata, moving very slowly + cumulo-strati and cirro-strati to E.; the latter very red. BY A 19 Thick scud, a few drops of rain; cirrous clouds or haze above ? B Seud ; light rain. B 22, Raining. w | 23 Thick scud ; clearing up from SSW.; rain. w I WwW WwW WwW B B B Ww Ww WwW ee iw) S&S essssssss sssssssessesee—os9 SOOT OP & bO — 204 TeRM-DAY AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Tean Tim BAROMETER Mea ei Pressure, of Corrected. bi Direction of Observation. z G Wind. Pres. Mar. WAADOCOwWNATH Woe OOWRKR RK WDNR Ree eceeocoeoococoocoooeoeoecooscooeoscoooOs 7 or bo Clouds moving from ij) ooo ==) oo win indi aware O°O. 67919290195 S 1429 OOO 10'S OO) OS So => S or or or Gr ocooco So OBSERVATIONS, MArcH 22—Aprit 20. 1843. 205 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. 2 8 £ 5 bey m0. 11 0. Seud. Ww 12 | ORS AGE H 13805 Id: H 4 0. Id. W to 30: Id: B 16 0. A few drops of rain. The wind since last hour has moved round by E. to N. B 17 0. Scud; a few drops of rain; wind beginning to blow. B WBN 0) Id: H 19 O. I2d., some of it very low + cirrous clouds. B BOO. - 1d. H 21 0. Id.; drops of rain. H 22 0. Id.; smart shower. B 23 0. Rain. Ww 0 0. Scud + cumulo-strati to S.; breaking to S. Ww 1 0. Id. + large cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze; cumulo-strati and cumuli on horizon; clearing to S. W 2 0. Seud. D 3 0. Cirrous seud. WwW 4 0. Seud; light rain. W aeeO} yd. H 6 0. Heavy clouds on E. horizon. H 7 O. Scud. D 8 0. Small patches of scud ; cirrous haze on horizon. Ww oF 0: Id. WwW 10 O. Seud. W 12 0. Aurora before this time. (See Extra Magnetical Observations.) 12 0. Aurora. (See Extra Magnetical Observations.) W 14 0. Id.; patches of clouds to NNW. B 16 0. The sky became quickly covered with scud at 155 30™, B 12 0. Scud. Ww 14 O. Aurora. WwW Ge 02) Id. 10 0. Seud WwW Os Td: B He 0! STd? D 13 0. Clouds and haze on horizon. H 14 0. Hole dark. H 15 0. Linear cirri to SSE. B 16 O. Seud 2 D 17 0. A sheet of loose cirro-cumuli; thick fog. D 18 0. Loose cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri; thick fog. B 19 0. Loose scud; foggy. D 20 0. Cirrous clouds, woolly cirri, &e. B 0. Id., id. H 92 0. The sky covered with cirrous clouds and haze; cumulo-strati. Ww 23 0. Nearly as before ; large cirro-cumuli + cumulo-strati near horizon. Ww 0 O. Scud + cirrous clouds; cumulo-strati to 8.; drops of rain. WwW 1 O. Id. + cirro-cumuli; the horizon dark with clouds to W. H 2 0. Id. + a thick mass of cirrous clouds ; ranges of cumulo-strati to SE. and S. WwW 3 0. Id. + cirrous clouds to NE. H 4 0. Id. + cirro-strati to E.; cirri to NE. H 5 0. Id.; dark clouds to W. if 6 0. WwW Id. + large cirro-cumuli. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3F 206 TerM-DAY AND Extra METEOROLOGICAL Gottingen THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER, Quan Tim BAROMETER ‘ tit sees f © Cea | Pressure. Dircchion' ot Clouds moving from aa Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. Wind. Clouds. Max. Pres. da. hs -m, in. O ° io) lbs. lbs. 0—10. Apr. 20°27 40 29-479 50-9 47-9 3-0 0-0 0-0 SSW. 10-0 8 0 482 49.4 46-9 2-5 0-0 0-0 SSW ? 10-0 9 0 507 48-7 47-3 1-4 0-0 0-0 10-0 10 0 500 50-0 47-7 2.3 0-0 0-0 8-5 May 714 0 29-470 41-8 41-0 0-8 May 26 10 0 29-181 49-8 47-3 2-5 0-7 0-3 SW. Wsw. ll 0 181 49-1 47-0 2-1 0-5 0-2 12 0 179 48-2 46-9 1-3 0-2 0-0 13 0 172 48-4 47-1 1-3 0-0 0-0 14 0 161 48.4 46-4 2-0 0-2 0-0 15 0 148 48-2 46-2 2-0 0-2 0-0 Ww. 16 0 139 48-2 46:3 1-9 0-2 0-1 SW by W. Ww. 17, 10 144 48-0 46-2 1:8 0-4 0-0 18 0 150 47-3 46-5 0:8 0-2 0-0 Ww. 19 O 151 48-7 47-0 1-7 0-4 0-0 Ww. 20 0 151 50.0 47-6 2.4 0-4 0-3 WSW. Ww. | 21 O 150 51-0 48-2 2-8 0-2 0-0 W by S 22 0 148 50-8 47-7 3-1 0-2 0-0 W. 23 «0 147 53-0 49-1 3-9 0-4 0-3 WSW. SW. Mavi 27 140)50 144 54-7 49-7 5-0 0.4 0-1 WSw. WSW. 10 140 53-0 48-8 4.2 0-7 0-0 WSw. 2 0 134 53-0 49-3 3-7 0-5 0-2 SW. WSW. 3 0 125 54-3 52-7 1-6 0-6 0-2 SW by W. WobyS 4 0 121 54.2 53-1 1-1 0-6 0-0 5 0 112 53-3 50-4 2.9 0-5 0-5 SW by W. 6 0 108 54-2 50-1 4-1 0-5 0-2 SW by W. WbyS Gt @ 110 52.7 49.2 3-5 0-3 0-0 8 0 117 51-0 49.3 1-7 0-1 0-0 W by S 9 0 132 50-3 49.2 1-1 0-1 0-0 10°.0 141 49-0 47-9 1-1 0-0 | 0-0 | June 7 12 0 29-136 56-2 56-0 0-2 2-5 0:7 SSE. | June 20 18 0 29-745 54-2 51-0 3-2 0-8 0-6 SW by S. NW. 19 O 733 54-8 51-8 3-0 1:3 0-6 SW. NW. | 20 0 737 56-2 53-6 2-6 1-5 0:3 WSsw. WSW: W. 21 0 730 57.4 54-9 2-5 0-8 0-3 SW. WwW. 22 0 a 59-1 54.2 4:9 0-7 1:4 SW by W. Ww. 23 -O 727 60-6 55-8 4-8 1-2 1-0 WSw. W by S. i June 21 0 0 732 60-2 54-4 5-8 1-0 0-2 WSsw. w. | 1 0 707 62-2 56-0 6-2 2.0 0-9 W by S. vy. WNW. 2 0 Malis 63-1 56-7 6-4 1-0 1-0 W by S. W. 3 0 723 65-0 57-1 7-9 1-8 0-8 W. v. W by N. | 4 0 713 64-7 56-7 8.0 1-1 0-8 Wsw. W by N. \ 5 10 701 65-6 57-4 8-2 0-8 | 1:0 W by 8. W by N. | 6 0 696 63-3 56-3 7-0 11 1:0 WNW v. 7 0 704 63-0 55-2 7-8 1-5 0-5 W by N. 8 0 703 61-7 54-8 6-9 0-9 0-7 W vy. i 9 0 714 57-9 52.9 5-0 0-5 0-1 W. | 10 0 741 53-4 50-2 3-2 0-2 0-0 ik °@) 757 51-5 48-8 2.7 0-0 OO) ils | 12 0 761 49-1 47-0 2-1 0-0 0-0 l 13 0 771 49.6 47-4 2.2 0-0 0:0 I 14 0 777 48-1 46-2 1-9 0-0 0-0 W by XN. | 5 . OBSERVATIONS, APRIL 20—JUNE 21. 1843. bo oS “J SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. > 2 25 Seud. WwW Id. ‘W Id. D Id. W B Cirro-cumulous scud. H Id. D Seud. D Id. D Id.; luminous opening to NE. by N. portion of horizon. B Td. W Id. W lil. Id.; cirro-strati all round ; slight drizzle. NGIs8 1d: id. Id.; cirro-strati on 8. and E. horizon. Id. ; id. to NE. lik id. Id.; a few drops of rain. ols id. des srain: Id. + cirrous clouds and haze to E. As before; slight shower. Scud . Light rain. Id. Rain. eeosssssssssssssssssss|©| sesssssssssssessssssssssses|s| osoos . Cirro-cumulo-strati and large cirro-cumuli, moving slowly +— mottled cirri, Id. id., and mottled cirri + cirrous haze near horizon. Seud to §.: cirro-cumulo-strati. Scud, moving rather quickly + dense cirrous clouds. Mottled, ragged, and other kinds of scud +~ dense cirro-cumuli and cirrous haze ; electric-looking. Scud + dense cirrous clouds. Id. + cirro-strati and linear cirri. [turned to N. Large masses of cirrous scud +- cumulo-strati on horizon ; curled cirri to S. lying S. and N., the curl Scud and loose cumuli + cirri to 8. Id. + cumulo-strati on E. and 8. horizon. Id. Td. Id, Cumuli and cumulo-strati on N. and 8. horizon; fine cirri forming. Cirro-strati on horizon. Cumulo-strati and cirrous haze on E. and N. horizon. Cirro-strati on horizon to E. and N.; red to N. Cirro-cumulous scud, stationary ; cirro-strati on horizon. Id. ; cirro-strati near horizon. Id., moving very slowly + cirro-strati on E. and N. horizon ; very thick to E. Vaddduewdeddd w wo ddd] 4| ni dgownomuemsdddud 208 TERM-DAY AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL nies THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen Mean ea ey: Pins ee ; a) orrec . , irection 0 Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. M Wind. aXe Pres. Cegaaehis m. in. iS S O lbs. lbs June 21 15 O 29-771 46-7 45-0 1-7 0-0 0-0 16 O 770 47-7 46-0 1-7 | 0-0 0-0 170 785 48-7 47-0 17 = |- 20:0 0-0 18 0 792 51-3 48-1 3-2 0-0 0-0 19 O 811 55-4 51-2 4-2 0-0 0-0 20740 813 57-0 51-0 6-0 0-0 0-0 2150 819 58-4 51-7 6-7 0-0 0-0 22 O 818 59-4 52-2 7-2 0-0 0-0 23, 180 816 61-6 53-9 7:7 0-0 0-0 June 22 0 O 822 61-0 52-1 8-9 | 0-0 0-0 0) 825 61-3 3-0 8-3 | 0-0 0-0 2 0 819 62-7 54-0 8-7 0-1 0-0 Sa 816 64-6 54-0 10-6 0-2 0-0 SW by S. 4 0 815 63-7 54-7 9-0 0-2 0-3 ENE. 5 0 807 65-6 56-6 9-0 0-1 0-0 6 0 804 64-0 54-8 9.2 0-0 0-0 fae) 799 62-8 54-6 8-2 0-0 0:0 8 0 815 60:8 54-2 6-6 0-0 0-0 9 0 830 56-2 51-8 4-4 0:3 0:3 NNE. 10 O 837 52-3 49-1 3-2 0-3 0-2 NE by N. July oy ONO 29-510 62-9 60-3 2-6 150 493 rs Y) 477 66-0 62-0 4-0 3. «(C0 448 4 0 431 62-7 60-4. 2:3 5 O 415 6 0 389 61-1 61-0 0-1 ED 337 3 40 303 58-5 57°8 0-7 10 O 322 57-0 56-9 0-1 18 O 272 56-8 55:5 1:3 20 O 284. 58-9 55-6 3°3 Zii0 297 220) 287 61-6 57-1 4:5 yy (0) 305 July 6 0 0 306 63-0 58-0 5:0 1 O 308 2570 337 64-8 59-0 5:8 5}. 4 (0) 369 4 0 406 61-8 55:3 6-5 OBSERVATIONS MADE AT BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. July 5 3 40] 29-670 58-8 4 0 667 58:8 4 35 661 56-6 by 0) 655 56-7 - 5 30 642 55:6 5 45 662 56-1 (} (0) 661 56:6 8 5 541 54-8 | 8 30 531 55-1 | 9 0 546 55-1 l Clouds moving from Ww. W by N. W by N. INIW iene NW. W by N. W by N. NW by N. NW. NW. NW. NW. NW? NNW. July 5—6, Che above observations were made at the end of the pier at Berwick for the purpose of determining the height of the barometer at Makerstoun above the level of the sea, but were rendered valueless for that purpose by the occurrence of a thunder-storm. Height of the cistern of the barometer at tho Berwick pier above the mean level of the sea = 32 feet. OBSERVATIONS, JUNE 21—JuLy 6. 1843. 209 SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. Observer’s Initial. Id.; id. Scud and loose cumuli. id=; patches of cirri. Id. m. 0. Cirro-cumulous scud +- cumulo-strati on E. and N. horizon. NY; 0. Cirrous scud +~ cirri; cirro-strati near E. horizon; clouds tinged with red to NE. ME 0. Scud and loose cumuli + cumulo-strati to S.; cirri to N. W 0. Cirro-cumulous scud +~ cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri; cumulo-strati on E. and 8. horizon. aw: 0. Scud + cirro-cumuli, cirro-strati. H 0. Cirro-strati diverging from NW.; dark cumuli to N.; cirro-cumuli to E. and S. H 0. Scud + cirro-cumuli. H 0. Cirro-cumulous-cirrous-edged cumuli; fine linear cirri. H 0. As before. H 0. Scud and cumuli + cirrous haze on I!. horizon. W 0. Id. H 0. Cirrous-edged cumuli + masses of woolly cirri; the temperature has been as high as 65° since last hour. ee 0. Id. 0. Ids in detached masses + masses of cirro-cumuli to E. Wi 0. Id. Ww 0. Patches of cumuli on horizon. H 0. Patches of scud + cumuli on horizon. B 0. Cirrous seud. D 0. Cirri and cumuli. D 0. Red and gray cirro-cumuli to N.; hazy to E. D 0. Scud; dense cirro-stratus ; a few drops of rain. hid 0. @; licks id.; hazy. Ww 0. W OFetds: id. WwW 0. W 0. Seud, cirrous clouds ; heavy thunder-showers. W 0. WwW 0. Thunder-storm. (See Daily Observations.) W 0. Id. WwW 0. Seud ; cirrous clouds and haze. WwW 0. i 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Id. ones Thunder and rain. moo co SSoKewrsec OMO ADCO (Se) leolecdooMesMoomes Moros Bornes) MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3G 210 TrERM-DAY AND ExtrA METEOROLOGICAL | | | | | | Se THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER, Gottingen Quan- i ROMETER 0 tit oe yen i Pressure. Direction oc Clouds moving from a Observation. Dry. Wet. Diff. Wind. Clouds. Max. Pres. dae hae nm: in. Chg ° © lbs. Ibs. 0—10. July 5 22 0 29-532 60:0 22 30 517 60-6 23 0 527 60-9 : 23 30 529 61-1 July 6 0 O 531 61-3 0 30 524 61-6 1 O 525 61-7 1 30 526 63-3 20 526 62-7 July 19 10 0] 29-490 51-0 49-7 1-3 0-1 0-0 W. 10-0 11 O 498 51-4 50-0 1-4 0-0 0-0 9-9 12 0 497 50-0 49-0 1-0 0-0 0-0 9.7 13 O 486 48-7 48-0 0-7 0-0 0-0 9-9 14 0 479 49-8 48-7 1-1 0-0 0-0 10-0 15 O 458 48-7 47-8 0-9 0-0 0-0 9-9 16 0 450 46-7 45-9 0-8 0-0 0-0 Ww. 8.0 17, (0 444. 46-0 45-2 0:8 0-0 0-0 W by S. 4.0 18 0 442 47:5 45-5 2-0 0-0 0-0 NW ? 9.8 19 O 427 50-0 47-2 2:8 0:3 0-2 SW by W. 9.9 20 O 409 51-3 48-5 2-8 0-4 0-2 SW. NW ? 10-0 21 0 389 54-0 50:8 3-2 0-5 0:3 SW. W by S. 10-0 22 0 373 53-6 50-6 3: 0-6 0-4. Sw. WSw. 10-0 23 0 356 51-6 49.9 1-7 0:6 0:3 SW. 10-0 July 20 0 0 326 51-2 50-1 1-1 0-5 0-4 SW by 8. 10-0 1 0 287 52-2 51-2 1-0 0-4 0-7 SW. 10-0 2 0 260 53:8 52-2 1.6 0-6 0-2 SW. WY 10-0 3.40 239 55-0 52:6 2 1-1 0-8 WSwW. 10-0 4 0 228 55-9 53-0 2.9 1-3 0:3 SW. W by S. 10-0 5 0 215 55-9 53-1 2-8 0:7 0-2 SW. W. 10-0 6 0 205 56-4 53-0 3-4 0-8 0-4 Wi. 10-0 “0 212 55-7 52-1 3-6 1:3 1-0 Ww. | 10-0 8 0 214 55-1 .| 52-0 3-1 1-0 0-8 WSW. WNW. 9.0 9 O 221 54-8 51-4 3-4 0-9 0-2 SW by S. WNW : NW. } 7-0 10 0O 232 52-7 50-8 1-9 0.9 0-5 W by S. NW. 7.0 Aug. 25 10 0 | 29.545 BGG. Alea 7 Moone too SW by S. | 35 ll O 571 55-6 54-1 1:5 0-2 0-0 SW by 8S. 6-0 12 0 578 52:8 52-2 0-6 0-0 0-0 1:5 13. 0 580 50-7 50-4 0:3 0-0 0-0 0-5 14 0O 592 49-0 48-7 0:3 0-0 0-0 0-7 15 O 592 48-8 48-0 0:8 0-0 0-0 1:0 16 O 599 47-5 47-5 0-0 0-0 0-0 1-5 17 O 603 49-0 48-7 0:3 0-0 0-0 3.5 18 0 608 50:2 49:8 0-4 0-0 0-0 SSW ?: SSW. 5:0 19 O 621 48-6 48-6 0-0 0-0 0:0 lew 20 O 622 53-2 51-8 1-4 0-0 0-0 1-0 21 O 619 57-0 55-0 2-0 0-1 0-0 Sw. 2.0 220 616 61-2 57-9 3:3 0-6 0-3 SSW. Sw. 5-0 23 0 615 62-9 57-6 5:3 0-5 0-1 SW by 8. SW. 8-0 Aug. 26 0 0 614 64-0 58-0 6-0 0-6 0-1 SW. SW. 9.0 1 O 610 64-3 58-2 6-1 0-4 0.2 SW by 8. | SW by S. 7-0 2°10 604. 65-2 59-0 6-2 0-2 0-1 SW. | SW. 8-0 3. (0 601 59-0 57-2 1-8 0-1 0-0 | SW. 10-0 4 0 616 53-4. 53:3 0-1 0-4 0-0 Sw. | SW. 10-0 5 (0 608 54-9 54-5 0-4 0-0 0-0 sw. 10-0 6 0 625 53-7 53-4 0-3 | 0-3 0-4 WSW. | SW. 9-8 ue (II 643 53-9 52:9 1-0 | 0-2 0-1 SW. {| WSw. 7-0 1 ee 1 28, 0: 22 30. 23510: 23 30. (0) Oy 0 30. iO: 1 30. YO OBSERVATIONS, Juty 5—AveGustT 26. 1843. Zi a ; eae SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Paice 25 fo) | A streak of light to NNE. Id. Scud. Id.; very red to E. . Cirro-cumulous scud ; sky red to E. ‘ + linear cirri; scud on Cheviot. Scud + cirro-strati on E. horizon. Tigls es id. Id. Id. + cirrous clouds. Rain. Id. Id. Scud ; light rain. a8 id. Id. Id.; passing showers. Id. ; the sun’s dise just visible through thick cirrous haze. Id. Id. + cirrous clouds. Loose scud : cirro-cumuli and cirrous scud. Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirrous clouds; dark mass of seud to E. sosossseSssesecssssssss|sssssssssssssssssssssossss Seud. Cirrous clouds and cirro-strati. Loose cumuli ?; cirro-strati. Cirro-strati. Tides a small patch of cumulus to §S. Cirrous haze, linear cirri, and cirro-strati. Fine linear cirri and cirrous haze, becoming thick to E. Cirrous scud to W.: feathered and woolly cirri to 8. + thick mass of linear cirri and cirrous haze to E. Nearly as before. Cirri and haze. . Masses of scud + cirro-strati to W.; cirrous haze on E. horizon. Scud and loose cumuli. Id. +— cirrous clouds to W. Id. — id. Scud + cirro-cumuli and cirro-strati. Scud and cumuli; dark scud to SW. Dark electric scud ; thunder; a shower lately and a heavy one immediately. . Scud + thick cirrous haze. Thick, nearly homogeneous cirrous mass + patches of scud near horizon. . Scud + cumuli on 8. horizon ; heavy shower. . Cirrous scud + cirro-strati and scud to E. Saeseaesetntsesesesurnnbvytwwws gduvweddddddserrhowe nod soe eee | Ae, TeRM-DAyY AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen # Quan- [ean Time AROMETER tit ; of Corrected. Dey Wet We Pressure: Directionvof, Clouds moving from we Observation. ; eS Dies: Wind. Clouds. d jue gob in. < B lbs. Ibs. 0—10. Mus. 26° 28.570 29-651 50-9 50-3 0:6 0-4 0-0 2-5 9 O 678 49-8 49-3 0-5 0-0 0-0 1-0 10 0 697 51-0 50:3 0:7 0-2 0-2 SW. 0-3 Sept. 18 12 0 29-988 47-7 46:8 0-9 0-1 0-0 3-0 Sept. 20 10 0 29-790 59-3 57-8 1-5 1-2 0-3 1-0 11 0 783 59-7 58.2 1-5 0-8 0:5 WSW ? 6-0 12 0 770 58-9 57-9 1-0 0-5 0:3 1:5 13 O 769 59-6 58-3 1:3 1-0 0-3 2-5 14 0 769 59-0 57-6 1-4 0-4. 0-1 SW. 1-0 15 0 779 58-0 56-7 1:3 0-2 0-2 WSsw. 3-0 16 0 776 59-2 56-4 2:8 0-3 0-3 SW. 1-5 17 0 Wat 58-8 56-4 2-4 0-6 0-1 SW. 3-0 18 0 797 59-7 56-6 3-1 0-6 0-1 W by S. 9.5 19 0 813 59-7 56:7 3-0 0:8 0-5 WSw. W. 9-5 20 0 833 60-7 57-4 3-3 0-9 0-3 SW. 9-7 21 0 862 62-2 58-7 3-5 0-5 | 0-0 W. 8-0 2210 874 63-5 59-0 4:5 0-3 0-3 Ww. Ww. 7-0 230 893 63-0 58-0 5-0 0-5 0-4 NW by N. W. 7-0 Sept. 21 0 0 908 64-3 58-0 6:3 1-0 0-7 Nw. W by N. 3-0 nO 923 63-6 57-2 6-4 0-6 0:5 WAwW. 3-5 (0) 935 63-4 56-5 6-9 0-9 0-5 Ww. W by N. 2-0 3 0 944. 64-2 57-0 7-2 0-4 0-2 WNW. 1-0 4 0 958 64-9 57-6 6-3 0-3 0-1 5 10 971 62-9 57-5 5-4 0-4 0-3 NNW. 6 0 29-990 60-9 55-8 5-1 0-2 0-0 uw 30-008 56:3 53-6 2.7 0-0 0-0 8 0 042 51-1 50-1 1-0 0-0 0-0 9 0 073 48-0 47-7 0-3 0-0 0:0 10 0 082 47-2 46:1 1-1 0-0 0-0 11 0 099 49-1 47-9 1-2 0-0 00 12 0 109 47-0 46-2 0-8 0-0 0-0 13 0 118 45:3 44.8 0-5 0-0 0-0 14 0 145 44-6 44-3 0-3 0:0 0-0 15 0 148 43-2 43-0 0-2 0-0 0-0 16 0 162 43-2 42-7 0-5 0-0 00 17 0 167 42-4 42-3 0-1 0-0 0-0 18 0 190 41-9 41-8 0-1 0-0 0-0 19 0 210 40-8 40-8 0-0 0-0 0-0 19 30 225 42-6 42-0 0-6 0-0 0-0 20 0 231 45-7 45-0 0:7 0-0 0-0 21 0 248 49-2 48-1 1-1 0-0 0-0 22 0 264 52-4 51-0 1-4 0-0 0-0 23 0 267 56-6 54-4 2.2 0-0 0-0 Sept. 22 0 0 266 59-4 56-0 3-4 0-1 0-0 WNW? 0 261 63-0 58-7 4-3 0-0 0-0 2. 250 66-2 59-3 6-9 0-0 0-0 310 244. 68:8 61-7 7-1 0-0 0:0 4 0 244 69-7 60-3 9.4 0:0 0-0 570 246 69-2 61-7 7-5 0-0 0-0 6 0 264. 64-1 60-3 3:8 00 0-0 a O 273 60-0 58.3 Le elle 0-0 8.0 279 55:3 55-02 0-32 || 0.1 0-0 NE 9 9 288 53:3 52.1 TOS ealle0:0n (0:0 10 0 301 51-0 49-7 13 “i 0:0 0-0 Oct. 18 10 0 || 30-014. 30:3 29-6 0:7 || 0-0 0-0 OBSERVATIONS, AuGuUsT 26—OcTOBER 18. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &e. . Seud and cirrous clouds near horizon. Seud. . Faint Aurora. CMOS OP wONWr OS . Cirro-strati to N. Scud + cirro-strati. . Cirro-strati. d. for pulsations visible. Id. andsend. 14h 35m, Bright Auroral light from NW. by N. to N., extending from the horizon to about 12° altitude; nostreamers . Scud. The Aurora has disappeared. Masses of scud. Id.; cirro-strati on E. horizon. Seud + cirro-strati on E. horizon. Id, + id. Id. + cirrous clouds. Id. + feathered and woolly cirri. Id. + id. Id. + cirro-cumuli, Cirrous-edged and loose cumuli + curled, feathered, and mottled cirri. . Masses of loose cumuli + woolly and curled cirri. Masses of scud + cirri and cirro-strati to E. Loose cumuli + cirro-strati to S. Id. oe id. 2 Loose patches of scud; cumuli on S. horizon ; haze on E. horizon. Cirro-strati on 8. horizon; cirrous haze on E. horizon. Thick cirrous haze to E, Clear. Id. Id. Id. Id. Id. Id. Td. Id. Id. A streak of cirro-stratus to NE. ; light fog. Foggy ; cirro-strati to NE., moving down E. horizon. Sky covered with scud. . Cirrous scud to N. and NE. . Strips of hazy cirro-stratus on E. horizon. Clear. A small patch of scud to NE. Clear. Id. Id. Cirro-strati to NW. A few patches of hazy cirro-stratus to NNW. Id. oo Id. Clear. . Patches of cirro-strati to NNW. Clear. Id. i (=) 0 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. @), 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. — Bs MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3 4| ddd4e4e42444 dou cron enn doo dmemdeddeddeduuoy| |aae | bo — (Je) Observer’s Initial. THERMOMETERS. TERM-DAY AND EXTRA METEOROLOGICAL ANEMOMETER. Pressure. WWWWWWNNWNWNWN WW Ww OO DM UW RH ST OD He WwW OO Co UW PAwWWOoOMONOOAdapAA) whoWROoOHMHMWAHOOK ; | Pres. | 0-3 Wsyw. Sood | rete] ANOS CCM ee) LO oy be | a o ne iy mm l|ooooooooo i a) Gottingen | Mean Time BAROMETES | of Corrected. | Observation. i a:)) ian in. Oct. 18 11 01} 30-029 12 Oj 041 13 0 O61 | 14 0} 078 | 15 0 090 16 O 102 17 Of} 115 18 0 | 120 19 0} 139 20 0} 153 21 Of}; Tod 22 0} 152 23 0 154 Oct. 19 O Of 161 A 0 147 2 0} 124 | 3 0 115 | 5) 0 | 104 | 6 0 | 107 | 7 Of} 09s | 8 0 079 |} 9 0} 069 | 10 0} 061 | Oct. 27 22 O}} 28-522 23 0 464 | 23 30 427 | Oct. 28 0 0 417 | DS 415 0 30 422 1 30 |} 431 2 Of 423 3 30 jj 425 4 0 424 Nov. 212 0 29-571 Nov. 24 10 0 29-460 11 0} 465 12 0} 477 13 0 476 | 14 0) 474 15 0 | 460 16 0O 446 | 17 oO 430 18 0} 430 | 19 0 435 20 0} 429 21 0} 424 PBA) 423 23 0 | 422 Nov. 25 0 0] 390 1 QO 368 2 0 383 3.0 385 4 0} 387 5 0 364 ee) re} oO] wo alee Shy > POATUO: OOH oOMn, 1. ONT Ostosy: wWoooOKNMAN WL 4 ue te |=} Clouds moving from W. W. WNW. oo SE OS SS SS ee eS Se eS Se S'S S'SE OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 18—NovEMBER 25. 1843. SPECIES OF CLOUDS, &c. Clear. Id. Td. Id. Cirro-strati to E. Clear. Slight cirrous haze to E.; faint lunar halo. Cirro-strati to E. Id., tinged with red. Cirro-strati on horizon; cumuli. Cirro-cumuli; haze on horizon. Woolly cirri, moving slowly + patches of mottled cirri. Diffuse and mottled cirri. Woolly, mottled, and linear cirri and cirro-strati. Cirro-strati to S. Cirrous haze; patches of scud to S. Cirro-strati and cirrous haze on NNE. horizon. Haze with patches of scud. Cirrous haze and cirro-strati. Cirrous clouds and haze. Id. Cirrous clouds on horizon. Cirro-strati and cirrous haze. Loose scud ; drizzle; Scotch mist. Scud ; light drizzle. . Loose scud. . Scud and loose cumuli, breaking to E. . Loose scud: woolly cirri + diffuse cirri to W. . Patches of scud + cirro-strati to N. w wo I 22) 2 OOP OOO OOP 2 2222 2oeoS . Sky covered with thin clouds. Scud 2 Id. Clear on E. horizon. Cirrous clouds ? Scud ?; sky to E. and S. Clouds on horizon. like cirrous haze. Cirrous haze ; stars of the third magnitude are visible in the zenith. Woolly cirri and cirrous haze ; cirro-strati to S. and E. Thick woolly scud + cirro-strati to NE.; cirrous haze. Snowing. Thick cirrous mass; cirro-cumulous scud below to N. Large woolly cirro-cumuli, moving slowly. Cirrous scud and loose cumuli. Id. . Massive, zigzag, thunderbolt cirro-strati, radiating from S.: woolly cirri. . Cirrous scud and woolly cirri. . Flame cirri to S.; cirrous haze. bo =" Or Initial. Observer’s 44m4qqqnouemwuwonmdd| 216 TERM-DAY AND ExTRA METEOROLOGICAL THERMOMETERS. ANEMOMETER. Gottingen SenBw UM seats 2 Ws acute EE ae a de Quan- Ti BAROMETER 2 tit oor Ree a ae es Pressure. Direction of Clouds moving from al Observation. y: Max. Pen Wind. Clouds d. h m in. °C iS) oC Ibs lbs 0—10 Nov. 25 6 0O 29-364 BYQen 4 Gdodad 0-0 0-0 2.0 7° 0 375 OR eS enileuarsistalats 0-0 0-0 0-5 8 0 366 29-3. | sesiees 0-0 0-0 10-0 2? 9 0 368 31-7 31-7 0-0 0-0 0-0 10-0 10 O 339 CYP bP chan 0-0 0-0 7.0 Dec. 10 13 0 29-942 46:8 44.7 2-1 0-5 0-2 SSW. SW. 10-0 14 0O 29-939 47-0 44-8 2-2 0-2 0-2 SSW 10-0 Dec. 11 12 O 30-087 47-0 46-1 0-9 0-1 0-0 10-0 Dec. 20 10 O 29-891 47-7 45-6 2-1 0-5 0-2 SW [ 10-0 To) 893 48-3 46:3 2-0 0-9 0-7 SW 10-0 1220 896 49-3 46-8 2-5 1-5 0-2 SW ? 9:0 13 0 899 48-2 46-4 1-8 0-4 0-3 SSW 10-0 14 0 872 47-6 46-1 1-5 1-0 1-5 Sw ? 10:0 15 0 870 48-3 46-9 1-4 1-0 0-5 SSW. 10-0 16 0 892 48-4 47-9 0-5 0-8 0-6 SW 10-0 17 O 927 46-4 45-8 0:6 1-0 0-1 WwW 10-0 18 0 940 45:5 44:5 1-0 0-0 0-0 7-0 19 O 971 39-9 39-7 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-2 20 O 29-994 39-0 39-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 W 0-2 21 O 30-022 42-1 41-5 0-6 0-0 0:0 0-5 22 0 055 38-9 38-7 0-2 0-1 0-0 SW WNW ? 0-2 23 0 073 43-0 41-5 1 0-1 0-1 0-2 Dec. 21 0 0 077 42.9 41-8 1-1 0-1 0-1 SSW WNw. 5.0 1 O 081 43-4 42.2 1-2 0-1 0-2 SW by 8. 3:0 2 0 086 45-0 43-6 1-4 0-2 0-0 0-5 5) 101 43-5 42-5 1-0 0-0 0-0 W by N. 4-0 4 0 103 40-8 40-6 0:2 0-0 0-0 1-5 5 (OO 113 37-4 37-2 0-2 0-0 0-0 2-0 6 0 109 37-1 37-0 0: 0-0 0-0 2-0 7 0 117 38-7 38-3 0-2 0-0 0.0 9-7 8 0 105 39-6 39-3 0:3 0-0 0-0 3-0 9 0 083 39-1 38-7 0-4 0-0 0-0 0-5 10 O 066 38-6 38-0 0-6 0-0 0-0 0-5 ll O 061 39-0 38-8 0-2 0-0 0-0 9-5 12 0 046 39-4 39-2 0-2 0-0 0-0 4-0 13 O 018 40-0 39-7 0:3 0-0 0-0 9-7 14 0 30-002 40-7 40-4 0-3 0-0 0-0 7-0 15 0 29.979 41-3 40-9 0-4 0-0 0-0 10-0 16 0 957 45-3 44-7 0-6 0-2 0-2 SSW. 9-0 le 940 46-1 45-3 0:8 0-9 1-0 S by W. WwW? 3-0 18 0 925 44-2 43-7 0-5 0-3 0-0 WSwW ? 3-0 19 O 897 44-1 43-6 0-5 0:0 0-0 WSW ? 9-5 21 O 845 46-6 44-7 1-9 0-7 0-5 SSW. SW : SW. 8-0 23 0 808 50-0 47-7 2-3 3-7 tee SW by S. 10-0 Dec. 22 0 O 799 51-0 48-6 2-4. 2-8 1-4 SSW. SSW. | 10-0 IX) 718 50-0 49-3 1-5 2-1 1-4 SSW. SW by 8. | 10-0 2 0 691 53-0 51-0 2-0 4:5 3-4 SW by S. SW by S. | 10:0 3} (0) 659 53:8 51-6 2.2 4-8 3-1 SSW. SWIS:SWIW. | 10:0 4 0 636 53-7 51-8 1-9 6-0 4-8 SW by 8. SW iW. 7-0 5 0 647 54-2 50-9 3:3 5-4 5-4 SSW. SW: WSW. 9.0 (ay (0) 631 53-7 50-5 3:2 7:3 5:6 SSW. SW ? || WO v0) 665 52-9 49-1 3-8 5:9 3-7 SW by S. SW. | 2S 8 0 660 92-2 48-2 1-0 5.8 3-9 SW by S. | 7-9 10 0 710 51-0 46-8 4.2 4-7 2-1 SW by S 10-0 SCOeoNOOrWNWrH oS pa seccsssssssssssssssssssssssssssosssssssssssssss|s|ss|sssoos OBSERVATIONS, NOVEMBER 25—-DECEMBER 22. 1843. SPECIES oF CLOUDS, &c. Foggy; cirrous clouds. Cirro-strati to S. and E. . Thick fog. Id. Id. Seud. 217 Observer’s | Seud. Id. Id. Id. Slight rain. Id. Rain heavier. Light rain. . Strata of clouds lying ENE. to WSW. . Cirro-strati on E. horizon. Scud to S. + ribbed cirri; cirro-strati on E. horizon. Patches of scud on N. and S. horizon ; woolly cirri; cirro-strati to S. Patches of scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to SE. . Patches of cirrous clouds and haze. Woolly and linear cirri. Woolly and mottled cirro-strati on horizon. Patches of mottled and woolly cirri; cirrous haze and cirro-strati on horizon. Woolly cirri and thin woolly cirro-cumuli. Cirro-cumuli and woolly cirri to NW.; cirrous haze on horizon. . Cirro-cumuli to W.; cirrous haze to E.; cirro-strati to N. Sheets of cirro-strati reaching from SSW. to E. Seud. Clouds on E. and S. horizon. Streaks of clouds. Id. Loose scud. Id. Scud + cirro-strati and cirrous haze to E. Mel, ss id. Thin gray smoky seud: beautifully mottled cirri and bunches of woolly cirri, coloured orange-yellow~~ linear cirri and cirfo-strati to E. Seud. Id. Id. In strong gusts of wind the vane indicates SW. by S. Id. Id.: masses of cirri. Id.; clouds just clearing off. Two currents of scud. Scud. Id. Id. Td. . AND MET. oss. 1843. i 31 Initial. guemy | dg uo ¢ dwwwndddddddddm dew dd denn dowwwoouudds| 218 Extra METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, OcTOBER 1842—DEcEMBER 1843. Gottingen Mean Time of Observations. Temperature of Water. P; : ump Wells River Cottage.| Garden. Tweed. Gottingen Mean Time of Observations. March 4 18 27 CO) Om T SS SS ois Re IN PRS IS SIS TS RON eS Temperature of Water. Gottingen Temperature of Water. Pump Wells. Mean Time River fats oe servations. Cottage.) Garden. Ie Cottage.| Garden. Pump Wells. t+ The thermometer used before this was broken. River |. Tweed. ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS MAGNETICAL OBSERVATIONS, GENERAL SIR T. M. BRISBANE, Bazr., MAKERSTOUN. 1843. 220 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. In order to avoid repetition, it may be remarked generally,— First, That the results for the month of January are more imperfect than those for the succeeding months, as on the first week of 18438 only four daily observations were made, and on the second week only eight. Attempts have been made to render the means comparable and as complete as possible, by means of observations made at all the 24 hours in 1844: these will be found explained after the various Tables. Second, In obtaining the hourly means for the month of January the first week’s observations were wholly rejected. Third, It is obvious that the daily means from the nine observations, whatever attempts at correction may have been made, are imperfect, and that the results deduced from these means cannot be expected to be so distinct as they would have been from twelve two-hourly observations. Fourth, As no observations were made on Sundays, the places which the means for Sundays would have occupied have been filled up by the means of the three preceding and three succeeding days; these means are therefore weekly means, and may be considered as approximate means for the Sundays. They have been used in the summations having reference to the moon’s position, as it was considered that the want of any means on these days would affect the accuracy of the results more seriously than the use of the approximations. Fifth, The time used in all the Tables is Gottingen mean time astronomical reckoning ; but in the Remarks on the Tables, Makerstoun mean time civil reckoning is used, unless the reverse is stated ; thus 20" in the Tables is equivalent to 7" 10™ a.m. in the Remarks. TABLE I.—Mean Westerly Declination for each Civil Day, as deduced from the Nine Daily Observations, for each Week, and for each Month in the year 1843. } Day. January. | February.| March. April. May. June. July. August. |September.) October. November.| December. 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° Pi a [ere ] 25-15 24-67 25-46 23-18 25-74 26-29 22-45 22-71 [23-93] 18-92 17-48 1 2 27-67 25:32 24-98 | [24-98] |] ------ 26-43 [26-02] | 22-41 23-28 23-76 20-73 20-03 3 26-49 25-22 24-92 25-76 24-04. 27-07 26-66 22-55 |. [22-41] | 25-04 21:95 | [19-16] 4 26-77 24-28 25-43 26-22 24:87 | [25-96] | 26-79 23-11 20-03 24-01 21-95 | 19-23 5 27-01 [24-80] | [25-87] | 25-09 24-01 25-82 26-78 22-26 23-20 24-20 [21-35] | 19-44 6 7 8 9 27-08 21-34 25:95 27-98 22-15 25-01 23-99 | [22-88] | 22-12 22-71 22-60 | 21-46 24:26 26:41 28°51 24.52 | [23-42]} 25-70 23-45 22-15 20-80 22.97 21-31 | 20-52 [25-57] | 26-25 25:43 24-54 23-54 25-34 27-42 21-96 21-42 [23-20] 19-56 20-14 ry} 25-48 26:58 25-50 | [25.02] | 22-82 24-17 | [24-98] | 25-27 22-71 23-04 20-12 } 20-70 10 25-24 26:35 24-84 24.42 23-13 25-67 26-28 22-91 [21-92] | 23-27 19-32 | [20-48] 11 24:33 25-11 24-81 23-87 24-40 | [25-88] |] 24-72 22-69 23-45 23-02 19-10 20-13 12 23-73 [25-52] | [24-92] | 24-78 25-00 26-09 24-00 22-93 22-63 23-03 | [19-42] |} 20-86 13 24-85 24:06 26:54 25-10 24:20 25-27 24-25 [23-28] | 20-54 24-09 19-99 | 20-54 14 25:59 26-28 24-21 24-90 | [24-77] | 28-75 22-24 23-52 20:39 23-73 18-90 20-72 15 [25-47] | 24-72 23-60 24:12 25:45 28-37 23-97 24-25 20-30 | [23-17] 19-08 20-73 16 26°73 24-66 23°36 | [24:59] | 25-95 28-33 | [23-35]]| 23-41 20-41 22-66 19-16 | 20-58 17 25:63 25-70 24-20 24-56 23-62 28-14 23-84 23-17 [20-65] 22:96 | 19-26 | [20-05] 18 26:35 24-92 25-98 25:07 24-28 [25-26] | 22-16 23-64 20-33 22-56 19-87 | 19-63 iy) 28-64. [25-17] | [25-28] | 23-77 24-19 23-05 23-67 24-01 21-18 19:33 [19-32] 18-85 20 29.34 24:47 25-76 22-72 23-29 21-56 22-22 [23-79] | 21-27 21-62 19-45 19-77 21 27-84 25:25 25:73 23-82 [23-72] | 22-11 23-73 23-20 19-97 21-84 18-73 18-24 22 [26-95] 26-01 26-63 23-70 23-84 | eseeee 23-33 26-66 21-66 [21-62 19-47 18-30 23 24-50 25-71 25-90 [23-47 22:66 | sevens [23-32] 22-04 21-35 22-32 18-92 18-29 24. 25-03 28-69 25-13 23-74 24-05 27-90 20-57 21-24 [21-00] | 22-23 19-27 [18-54] 25 26-06 25-97 24:80 23-45 24-95 [26-74] | 26-13 22-82 20-32 | 22-37 18-81 18-49 26 25-48 | [26-08] | [24-48] 23-38 24:18 26-52 23-96 21-88 21-02 20-14 [18-85] 19-06 27 26-21 25:70 24-89 23-84 23-09 26-19 23-74 | [22-36]| 21-66 | 21-36 18-72 18-84 28 25:51 25-75 23-75 23-19 [24-72] 26:37 22-80 23-30 | 24-78 | 21-28 18-92 20-43 29 [25-36] 22-40 23-05 24-98 23-14 22-81 23-02 22°74 [20-67] 18-49 18-38 30 24:99 23-36 [23-46] 26-23 26-46 [22-88] 21-88 23-24 21:95 17-31 18-51 3h 24-85 24:02 24-91 23-05 23-11 20-35 | [19-85] | Mean 26-00 25:41 25-01 24-44 24-12 25:50 24-19 23-03 21-67 22-53 19-61 | 19-59 | | MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 221 The quantities in brackets are the means of the three preceding and of the three succeeding numbers ; they are, therefore, the weekly means, and they may be considered as the approximate westerly declinations on the Sundays, whose place they occupy, and on which no observations were made. The means for the first week in January are means of the four daily observations in that week corrected by — 0°84. The means in the second week are the means of the eight daily observations in that week corrected by —0'14, These corrections were obtained by comparing the observations at the four and eight corresponding hours in 1844 with the observations at the nine hours corresponding to the observing hours in 1843. ANNUAL PERIOD OF DECLINATION. Differences of the mean westerly declination, deduced from the observations made in 1844 at the hours 18, 20, . . . 10, from that deduced from the 24 hourly observations made on each day (excepting Sundays) in that year. 24 Observations minus 9 Observations :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. —0°33 —0'47 —0'75 —0°-49 -0°85 —0'58 —0'56 —0"%68 —0'75 —0'°76 —0'-73 —0'-35 The variation of these differences is not sufficiently great to affect the character of the annual period, as de- duced from the monthly means at the foot of the previous Table. When these quantities are subtracted from the monthly means of the nine observations in 1848 we obtain the following :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 25-67 24°99 24/96 93'-95 93/27 25/22 23763 22°35 20-92 21-77 18°88 19/.24 From these we see that the westerly declination diminishes very regularly till May, increases considerably from May to June, diminishes again regularly to November, with the exception of an increase in October, which, however, is nearly made up for by the more rapid diminution in November ; in December there is a slight increase. It will be found, Table III., that the retrogressive or secular change of westerly declination has a value of about 6’ in one year; if we add proportional parts of this to the different monthly means, the annual period will be more distinct. The monthly means will then be, when the secular change is thus eliminated :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 25:67, 25-44, 25-26, 25-45, 25-27, 27-72, 26-63, 25-85, 24:92, 26:27, 23-88, 24.74, These means are still affected by the varying torsion force of the suspension-thread,—the error due to this cause cannot be eliminated ; it is probably greatest in the mean for June, in which month the suspension-thread broke. An examination of the variations of the plane of detorsion in several of the other months (see the notes to the Daily Observations of Magnetometers) will shew that the error from this cause is generally small ; keeping this in view, if a curve be run freely through the projected means for the 12 months, there seems to be a minimum of westerly declination about March, and a maximum perhaps in July or August. Having an eye to the result for 1844, and also to the result for the horizontal and vertical components of intensity, I am inclined to believe that the annual period of magnetic declination will be found to consist of a minimum at the vernal and a maximum at the autumnal equinoe. The means for the four seasons are— , Spring. Feb., March, and April, mean : A y ; : : 25°38 Summer. May, June, and July, mean ‘ : : 9 : : 26 54 Autumn. Aug., Sept., and Oct., mean é é f : A 25°68 Winter. Jan., Nov., and Dec., mean % : : ; : ; 24:76 These means indicate the maximum in Summer and the minimum in Winter; but there is little doubt that the mean for June is too high, and those for September, November, and December, too low. After correcting the monthly means of the nine observations to the monthly means of twenty-four observations, the mean westerly declination for the year 1843 is found to be 25° 2285. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1848. 3k 222 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE II.—Mean Variations of Westerly Declination, after Eliminating the Secular Change, with Reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth, for 1843. Variations Variations || After |Variations| After | Variations || Before | Variations| Before | Variations Moon’s| of West | Moon’s}] of West Moon | of West | Moon | of West and of West and of West Age. | Declina- | Age. Declina- ||farthest| Declina- |farthest| Declina- after | Declina- | after | Declina- tion. tion. North. tion. North. tion. Perigee.| tion. |Apogee.| tion. Day a Day. U Day. Day. Day. U 15 0-85 0 0-19 0 7 7 0-88 16 0-94. 1 0-30 1 6 6 0-93 17 1:07 2 0-00 2 5 5 0-54 18 1-04 3 0-43 3 4 4 0-18 19 1-10 4 0-71 4 3} 3 0-19 20 0-89 5 0:96 5 2 2 0-08 21 0-35 6 0-88 6 1 1 22 0-32 UL 0-71 a 12 A 23 0-11 8 0-71 8 1 1 24. 0-25 9 0-14 9 2 2 25 0-66 10 0-32 3 3 26 0-84 11 0-96 4° 4 27 0-06 12 0-92 fs) 5 28 0-30 13 1-04 6 6 29 0-32 14 0-73 7 7 The above Table was formed from the daily means in Table I. in the following manner :—The mean westerly declination on the 12 days, between January 15. 1843 and January 4. 1844, on which the moon’s age was 15 days, were summed together, similarly for 16 days old, 17 days old, . . . the means of these sums were then taken, and the differences from the lowest mean are given in the above Table. In these summations the approximate means for Sundays were used, as it was conceived that the want of any means on these days would affect the results more seriously than the use of the approximations. As in some lunations the 29th day was awanting, the mean of the declinations on the 28 day and the day of new moon was summed instead. For the variations of westerly declination with reference to the moon’s meridian altitude, the day on which the moon was farthest north was numbered 0, and the days after this were numbered up to 26 or 27, the day before the moon again attained its greatest north declination ; if there were only 26 days the mean of the declinations on the 26th and Oth day was substituted for the mean on the 27th day ; the mean westerly declination was then ob- tained for all the days of the same number from January 13. 1843 till January 3. 1844, each mean being the mean of the westerly declinations on 13 days; the differences from the lowest were then taken, and are inserted above. For the variation of westerly declination with respect to the moon’s distance from the earth, it will be seen in the foregoing Table that the days before and after apogee and perigee are numbered from 1 up to 7; in some instances there are only 5 days before apogee and 5 days after perigee, or before perigee and after apogee ; in these cases, for example, the 5th day before apogee has been numbered also as the 6th and 7th after perigee, and the 5th after perigee as the 6th and 7th before apogee ; when there are 11 days between apogee and perigee, or perigee and apogee, the 6th is counted as the 6th and 7th before and after; when there are 12 days between, the 6th before apogee is counted as the 7th after perigee, and vice versa ; when there are 18 days, the 7th day is counted as the 7th before and after, and when there are 15 or 16 days, the mean of the declinations for the 7th and 8th days is used as the mean for the 7th. The mean westerly declinations for the days with similar numbers, between January 12, 1843 and January 5. 1844, were then obtained as in the previous cases, and the differences from the lowest mean are given in Table II. ; each number is the mean of 13. It would have simplified the summations, and this statement of them, to have rejected the means on the 8th, 7th, and 6th days (of themselves they would have been useless), but it seemed better to combine them with other means nearly similarly related to the distance of the moon than to throw them away. After the summations for each of the above cases had been performed, and the means obtained, the secular change was eliminated at the rate of 0°0165 per diem. The above statement will apply to the similar summations for the horizontal and vertical components of mag- notice force. MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 223 VARIATIONS OF WESTERLY DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE Sun, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE MoOn’s AGE. A glance at the numbers in the first portion, Table II., shews, with some irregularities, which may be ex- pected where the effects of irregular causes have not been eliminated, the same result as is deduced from the means for the following groups, namely, that there is a maximum of westerly declination when the Sun and Moon are in opposition, and a minimum when they are in conjunction. Means of Groups. 19 oF to 26 oe 8 days including the Third Quarter, mean : : : 0:56 ieee: oO Te Roe act the New Moon, __...... : : . ? 0:23 Pee LD Pattie Os Gash etaersiee Beles the First Quarter, ...... : : ‘ é 0:67 Oe eT Bin Ree eg teen hee oat Mp the, nll Moone Mya... . ‘ 4 : 0:94 The westerly declination also has its mean value at the quadratures. VARIATIONS OF WESTERLY DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. The second portion of Table II. gives the following :— Means of Groups. ‘ 4 days to 10 days, 7 days, including the Moon’s passage of the Equator southwards, mean 0:78 TD sare by Geese A UI RU eS eee a greatest south declination, = =... 1:00 Swe SE ealoaieinw eis OO SHA OUR OO ORC SO UC OAD ORREE passage of the Equator northwards, ...... 0°33 OMe Sol joeinclowlels BRAG Team MER NOSES 8 or ‘greatest north declination, —......... 1:07 From these, and from the partial means, it appears that a maximum of westerly declination occurs both when the moon has its greatest nor th and greatest south declination, the maxima being nearly equal, and that minima occur about the time at which the moon crosses the equator, the principal minimum occurring when the moon is moving northwards. VARIATIONS OF WESTERLY DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH. The third portion of Table II. gives the following :— Means of Groups. ’ Perigee, 3 days before it and 3 days after it, mean : 0 : 0-50 8 days about the mean distance, the Moon moving from the Earth, mean. 5 : 0-69 Apogee, 3 days before it and 3 days after it, mean : : . : 0-20 8 days about the mean distance, the Moon approaching the Earth, mean wih A : 0-72 As the periods of Apogee and Perigee in 1843 are nearly the same as of the moon’s passage of the equator, the results for the mean distance will be similar to those for the greatest north and south declination. It will require two or three year’s results to determine to which period the changes are referable. As it is my belief that the apparent variations of the magnetical elements with the moon’s distance are really due to variations of declina- tion, I have not in this, or in succeeding cases, pointed out the conclusions to which the means lead. 224 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE Il1.—Mean Westerly Declination at the Observation Hours for each Month in 1843. Month. 1843. s 4 ; 25 4 2 25° January . . . 27-50 28-95 . 25-85 February . . : 27-84 29-41 . 25-92 March 2. : . 27-15 29-78 . 25-14 April . : 2- 27-78 31-19 : 24-06 May 27.05 | 29-72 24.55 June . . : 28-91 31-70 : 26-15 July ; 27-17 | 30-04 . 25-15 August . . 21: 26-89 29-31 26- 22-47 September : . . 25-82 27-51 24:94 | 21-29 | October : . . 26-37 26-67 24-14 21-90 November : : . : 22-02 22-06 20-99 19-76 December : . . : 21-57 22-42 21-05 19-73 Mean , : : 26-34 28-23 26-10 23-50 21-98 20-69 The above Table is intended chiefly as a key for comparing the tabular observations. The mean at 18" in January is rendered comparable with the means at the other hours thus: the daily means from January 9 to 14, being the means of 8 daily observations, were corrected by — 0-14, obtained, as for Table I., in order to reduce them to the mean of 9 daily observations, then s Men na Mirth: Decmeto January 9—31, =2 20:05 seoveeee January 16—31, = — 2-20 Difference, : : : ; : : = 0-42 The mean for 18", deduced from the observations January 16—31, was therefore corrected by —0-’42, in order to reduce it to the mean from January 9—31 as for the other hours. SECULAR CHANGE. By comparing the means at 20", 23”, 20, and 5", the observation hours in 1842 (Table I., p. 136, 1842), h with the means at 20", ay 2nd 4 + a for 1843, we obtain the following results for the yearly retro- gression of westerly declination :— 20h 23h 2h 5b 1842, 26-61 29-80 33°80 30°40 1848, 20°89 24-22 28°23 24.80 Difference, 5°72 5:58 5:57 5:60 IMicanwiauacdnieen a ocoae > MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 225 TABLE IV.—Diurnal Variation of Westerly Declination for each Month in 1843. Period. January February || 2-88 | 3-15 March | 0-80 | 1-29 April | 0- 0-00 May 0-00 June | 1-13 | 0-00 July | 0: 0-00 August -32 | 0-00 September : 2:79 October : 2-69 November || 1-12 | 1-37 December : 2-33 Spring ele 2 ON 22 Summer | 0-83 0-00 Autumn -15 | 0-90 Winter 1-23 | 1-54 The Year || 0-39 | 0-20 Table IV. has been obtained from Table III. in subtracting the lowest mean in each month from all the other means. Spring in the above Table consists of the months of February, March, and April. DIURNAL VARIATION OF DECLINATION. The least westerly declination occurs in the first three and last four months of the year, at or after 9 10™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time; in the remaining five months at 7? 10™ a.m. Mak. The greatest westerly declination occurs in each month at 1" 10™ p.m., but in the winter months the maximum probably occurs before this time. The westerly declination increases with more rapidity to the maximum at 1» 10™ p.m. than it diminishes after it, and in nine months the rapidity of diminution is less after 5" 10™ p.m. than before it. In the winter months, the westerly declination does not begin to increase rapidly till 9° 10™ a.m., whereas in summer, it does so at 7" 10™ a.m. While this fact seems to shew some relation to sunrise, there is no corresponding one to sunset, but rather the reverse ; for in winter the westerly declination diminishes with nearly equal rapidity from the maximum at 15 10™ p.m. till 9° 10™ p.m., whereas in summer, on the whole, the rate of diminution seems to receive a check about 5° 10™ p.m. The minimum of westerly declination occurs in spring, autumn, and winter at or after 9° 10™ p.m.; in spring and autumn a secondary minimum also occurs about 6" 10™ a.m. In summer the principal minimum occurs at 7" 10™ a.m. The principal maximum occurs about 05 40™ p.m. in winter, and about 1 10™ p.m. in summer. In the mean for the year The maximum of westerly declination occurs about 1" 0™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. AMOS seahbarnaaibban) CoO bb ang Boo Oda oo\caa sea Bad copooo are ac) TNO ate aiettaley stats A minimum seekinecsci sissies eee eaAbOUta; ~.0) sAuMs The exact periods of the principal minimum, and of the secondary maximum, cannot be determined from these observations ; they are found, however, from the Term-day Observations in the years 1842 and 1843. The fol- lowing Table contains the results of the summations of the observations at 0™ on 11 Term-days of 1842 (January Term-day being rejected), and on 11 Term-days of 1843 (June Term-day being rejected). MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3 L 226 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE V.—Diurnal Variation of Westerly Declination deduced from the Observations at 0™ on 11 Term-days in 1842, and also on 11 Term-days in 1848. 1842. | 1843, & 1842, | 1843. 1842. | 1843. Both years give nearly the same result; the observations at 10" and 11" Gott. M.T. are affected by dis- turbances in 1842. The mean shews :— The maximum of westerly declination, about 0? 40™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. IMO TUTTI TATIN «o's «inio'= soins o's ere'= lerels/eielelotossieisiefoieleleceisla'=|slavs"ole 102 10™ p.m. A. secondary maximum vrerrrsreereeeeeee ere eeees 25 10™ A.M. A secondary VOINIMUM tse cereserecseecevcece aielorsisiels 7h 10™ am, RANGES OF THE Montuuy MBANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATION. The ranges given in the last column of Table IV. are probably very near the truth, for though the mini- mum takes place after 10" Gott. M.T., the diminution after that time must be small. The range increases considerably from January to April, and diminishes as much from September to December, but there is little difference in the ranges of the six months from April to September. The range of the means for the summer quarter is twice as great as the range of the means for the winter quarter, the former being 1034, and the latter 509. MacGnetic DECLINATION. 22. TABLE VI.—Diurnal Range of Magnetic Declination for each Civil Day, as deduced from the Nine Daily Observations, with the Mean for each Week and for each Month in 1843. July. August. |September.| October. | November. December. | , / / / 17-36 11-00 14.29 [9-35] 25 11-80 11-95 21.77 6-91 j 9.37 12-62 | [14-75] | 12-79 74 [6-71] 19-10 13-28 9-00 . 4.06 Holl 11-89 21-48 . 5.25 [13-30] | 13-29 9-77 2 6-43 9-46 9-64. i 7:06 62 5-38 13-47 11-02 | [9-44] 2 16-91 18-02 16-44 |" 8-07 . 14.54 10-01 | [12-13] 3. . [12-78] 12-96 13217 . -42 17-39 | 15-51 8-75 ;. 5! 13-09 [11-61] |. 13-74 9-63 : 9-37 13-03 10-34. zt . 6-26 10-98 9-01 . . 3-09 7-19 8:07 +f . 2.97 10-56 | [13-06] . 64 [4-52] 8-27 21-83 “3 . 5-13 11-77 15-92 . 4. 3-98 [10-83] | 13-18 «f 3- 5-67 10-28 17-99 5 6 12-33 14.27 12-86 . . 3-19 9-85 11-03 . 5-45 3:36 | Shieh. (Psy 74 . [5-84] | 10-76 9-89 : . 4.61 11-83 15-57 5-14 04 5-29 [11-09] 8-98 : 10-17 11-04 5 é 12-87 9.30 25-60 | [12-29] | 12-12 7:07 11-14 13-99 10-12 12-38 11-00 12-13 12-30 11-78 12-67 Montuouy MnaAns or THE DIuRNAL RANGES. The means of the diurnal ranges for January, November, and December, do not differ much from each other, but they differ considerably from the means for the remaining nine months, which differ little from each other. The means for the four seasons are :— Winter; January, November, and December, mean of diurnal ranges, . = 638 Spring smhebruary “VlianchsandeAspril enn. acsca.lo-iaeseciiesce cose se «re pe 0786 Summer-aViava June, anded ul ysmeepucremen. «ch len osesloesistas selec octecieu . 211-81 Autumn August. September andi October,: is.s.0-+-se+ssasecnees ++ 50>: Be emt IG AR aves SAGE A ag NR EN A KEL UN OS a GE a : =10:10 The quantities in Table VI. shew that the monthly means are much affected by irregular disturbing causes, and that if some of the larger diurnal ranges were removed, the monthly means would differ little from the ranges of the monthly means of the diurnal variations. It is obvious that the means of the diurnal ranges only differ from the diurnal ranges of the means in that the minimum or maximum of certain days does not oc- 228 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. cur at the same hour as the minimum or maximum of the monthly mean; as these departures from the mean are probably due to irregular disturbing causes, the following differences may be taken as some measure of these disturbances in the different months of the year :— Monthly Means of Diurnal Ranges minus the Ranges of the Monthly Means of the Diurnal Variation :— Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. O74 ATE V2 TO 86 07 0°99 2680 0 oor 2h One Lo 22mg The difference is a minimum in January, it increases to a maximum in March, diminishes to a minimum in June; and, if we except the sudden increase in July, it again becomes a maximum in September. The means of the differences for the four seasons are :— Winter; January, November, December, mean . : : : ; : 1:29 Spring; February, March, April, _...... : : 5 : : 5 1-93 Summer; May, June, July, Babich nos : é : : : 1:47 Autumn; August, September, October, ...... : : . : : : 1:54 From this we are perhaps entitled to conclude, that a certain class of disturbances have their greatest offect at the equinoxes, and their least effect at the solstices. Those disturbances which increase the diurnal range of the mean are evidently not included in this result. TABLE VII.—Means of the Diurnal Ranges of Magnetic Declination with reference to the Moon’s Age and Declination for 1843. | After Moon After Moon | Moon’s Age. | Mean Range.| Moon’s Age. | Mean Range. farthest |Mean Range.| farthest {Mean Range. ( North. North. D = OOMOTHOMNAWHH OF pay CSCO MONOAUNKHRWNHNH SO — — © i w bo This Table has heen formed from Table VI. in the manner already described, Table II. HorizoNTAL CoMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 229 VARIATIONS OF THE DIURNAL RANGES OF MAGNETIC DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE SuN, MooN, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE. The partial means are very irregular, their general aspect when projected is that of a maximum near the time of new moon, and a minimum near the time of full moon; in groups, the results are as follow :— 19 days to 26 days, 8 days including the Third Quarter, mean : ; : 9:70 Qeakcn 2. 2 ed (RR too cepacia cate New Moon, __...... : : . 10-41 CoE Ia ee Bo RENEE Serpe First Quarter, ...... 5 : Peal OF 10 deel 113) LAs ihe a7 / Medina auepasnercoone Full Moon, ocaet : : . 10-04 From these means the maximum would appear to occur in the First Quarter, and the minimum in the - Third Quarter. f i VARIATIONS OF THE DIURNAL RANGE OF THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. In the partial means there is an appearance of a secondary maximum at the moon’s greatest south declination, but this disappears in the following means :-— 4 days to 10 days, including the moon’s passage of the Equator southwards, mean 10°11 DO re eliec. 1 7f eae eer eaten ne AR ee Ae greatest south declination, = —....... 9:64 MB eek 3 DAs OE cia cleo os Sa eenace passage of the Equator northwards, ....., 10:05 D Obie ices S38 Gi Nenana ha Wi anaseees Gcioncee greatest northdeclination, = —S—_........... 11-27 Or, the diurnal range of the magnetic declination 1s a maximum when the moon has its greatest north declination, and it is a minimum at the time of the noon’s greatest south declination, HorIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. . TABLE VIII.—Mean Values of the Variations of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force, the ‘| whole Horizontal Component being Unity, for each Civil Day, as deduced from the Nine Daily Observations, for each Week, and for each Month, in the Year 1843. January. | February.| March. April. May. June. : August. |September.) October. | November.) December. 0-00 0:00 0-00 0-00 ; 0-00 0-00 0:00 0-00 0-00 1808 1804 2068 2722 y 2766 3093 [2982] 3572 3695 1952 [1540] 2033 3097 y 2537 3200 2617 3851 3695 1973 1533 2418 2569 3476 [2904] 2862 3204 [3911] 1991 1420 24595 [2791] 3025 2590 3342 3919 4059 | [1670] 1613 2323 2566 2638 2449 2863 z 3969 1736 0848 1807 2722 [2745] 2949 2728 3926 1114 1097 [1995] 3067 : 2870 2638 2899 3294 4318 1255 1729 1037 2265 2478 2759 [2923] ) 36858 1636 [1320] 1664 2432 1984 2752 2833 4670 | 1603 1185 3352 2679 [2794] 2977 [4122] | 1708 1276 Z [2622] é 2626 2771 3241 2 4059 [1456] 1784 2679 2754 2958 3321 [ 3943 1079 1620 y 2293 [2644] 2886 3353 4055 1220 1594 5 2711 16) 2470 3342 3337 3¢ 4113 1493 2511 2524 3289 [3291] : 4265 1029 5 2415 ‘| 2812 3398 3655 4420 1254 2598 2944 [3249] 2747 [4326] | 1667 [2735] 2652 2827 3613 3335 ) 4238 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 230 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE VIII.—Continued. January. 0:00 1638 1760 1926 [1703] 1321 1940 1637 1524 2033 1434 [1635] 1609 1566 1744 February. 0:00 [1817] 1716 1739 1764 1906 1467 1577 [1744] 1856 1855 1758 March. April. 6:00 0:00 [1509] | 1790 1440 | 1850 1564 | 1838 2099 1571 1662 2428 June. 0:00 2903 3189 2797 2929 2552 2857 [2751] 2823 2648 2693 3152 3120 2756 July. 0°00 2832 2588 3033 2805 [2836] 3829 2911 1852 2343 2302 2731 [2547] 2604 2653 August. 0-00 2617 [2890] 3008 3086 September. 0-00 2731 3119 2818 3141 3287 [2961] 2993 2619 2908 2672 3093 3308 2976 October. 0-00 3678 2885 3505 [3370] 3482 3218 3451 2866 3093 3458 [3232] 2875 3526 3160 November. 0:00 [3972] 4236 4218 4144 3807 4531 4459 [4213] 4478 3992 4013 4076 Table VIII. was formed in the following manner :—the means of the bifilar magnetometer scale readings, corrected for temperature, for each civil day, were first obtained, and these means were reduced to parts of the horizontal component by the following formula :— Jan. 1—April 26. f = (n — 530) 0:0001021 + 0-001000 April 29—May 6. = (n — 488) 0:0000986 + 0-001000 May 8—Nov. 8. f = (n — 485) 0-0000986 + 0-001000 Nov. 11—Dec. 31. ¥ = (n — 485) 0-0001064 + 0:001000—0-000008 where f is the quantity in the previous Table, n the mean scale reading corrected for temperature. The Bifilar magnetometer was twice adjusted in 1848 (see Introduction, No. 38). As the means for the three days immediately preceding the adjustment on April 27—28 were nearly equal to each other, and the means for the three days succeeding the adjustment were also nearly equal to each other, it was assumed that the mean force, n, for the three days succeeding the adjustment was equal to that, n’, for the three days preceding it. 530 having been taken as a convenient zero for the means before the adjustments, < the zero for the means after the adjustment was obtained from the formula (n—530) 0:0001021 = (n/ —z) 0:0000986 whence z = 488. On May 6 the torsion circle was turned, and was not returned to its previous position, producing a dif- ference of about three scale divisions, the zero after May 6 is therefore 485. On the adjustment, Nov. 9-10, the same process was adopted as for that of April 27-28, which gave the zero nearly as before, 484:93 ; 0-001000 has been added to each mean in order to render them all positive. The means of the four daily observations in the first week of January were corrected by —0-000025, and the means of the eight daily observations in the second week by + 0°000016, corrections to the mean of nine observations obtained by comparisons of the observations m 1844. The factors used for the above and following Tables in converting the scale divisions into parts of the whole horizontal component, are those given in the Postscript to the Introduction. ANNUAL PERIOD OF THE HorIzZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC Forcen. Differences of the monthly means deduced from the observations in 1844, at the nine hours of 18, 20, 10, from those deduced from the 24 hourly observations made on each day, excepting Sundays, in that year. HoRIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 231 24 observations minus 9 observations. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 00000 |. —36 -—G6Gl -69 +24 -24 +13 +29 -34 +68 +46 -06 -28 These quantities being applied as corrections to the monthly means, foot of Table VIII., we obtain the following :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0-00 | 1708 1697 1502 1686 2404 2769 2682 2753 3044 3206 3784 4179 From these it appears that the horizontal component diminishes from January to March, increases from March to June, diminishes again slightly from June to between July and August, and then increases again till December ; the whole range being 0-002677, and the increase of force from January to December being 0:002471. The annual period can only be rendered distinct when this seculay change is eliminated. It has been found by a comparison of the monthly means of 1843 with those of 1842 and of 1844, that the mean annual change during the 12 months of 1843 is 0:002826. When proportional parts of this are subtracted from the means after January, we have— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0-00 | 1708 1462 1031 0980 1462 1592 1269 1105 1160 1087 1429 1589 We have here a well marked annual period, consisting of maxima near the solstices, and minima near the equinoxes. The maximum is rather greater in the winter than in summer, but the difference is less than the effect of half a degree Fahrenheit on the bifilar magnet. The range of the annual period is 0000728, or about half the mean diurnal range for the year. It may be desirable to examine the annual period for the year 1842 in a similar manner. If we reduce the monthly means of four observations, Table IX., Abstracts for 1841-2, to parts of force by the formula Ff = (nm — 530) 00001021 + 0:003000 where n is the mean in scale divisions in the Table referred to, we obtain the following values of f, which may be rendered comparable with the means, Table VIII., by subtracting 0:002000. The second line below con- tains the corrections for each month of the 4 observations to the 24 as deduced from the observations for 1844, and the third line contains the corrected means. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0-00 0960 0994 1188 0840 1646 1803 1743 1836 2016 2488 2772 3270 0-00 | —0057 —0045 —0003 +0294 +0245 +0309 +0352 +0390 +0318 +0187 +0068 —0020 0-00 0903 0949 1185 1134 1891 2112 2095 2226 2334 2675 2840 3250 If the secular change be assumed the same for 1842 as for 1843, and if this be eliminated, we have— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. 0-000 | 903 714 714 428 949 935 682 578 450 556 485 660 These means shew the same law as the means for 1843, with more irregularity, it is true, but this may be accounted for by the fewness of the observations, and the possible inaccuracy of the corrections. 232 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE TX.—Mean Variations of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force, after eliminating the Secular Change, with reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth, for 1843. } Variations Variations || After | Variations | After | Variations || Before | Variations Variations 1 Moon’s| of Hori- | Moon’s| of Hori- Moon of Hori- Moon of Hori- and of Hori- of Hori- zontal Age. zontal farthest zontal farthest zontal after zontal zontal Component. Component. || North. | Component.} North. | Component. igee.| C c gee.| Component. 0-000 D 288 213 322 260 288 311 242 115 178 083 038 090 125 043 173 0-000 265 0-000 000 o 9 S Fa is) WOONANHRWMH OS 0 1 2 3 4 3) 6 GQ 8 9 WANK WHE MWe wWOWwWhaan NOUR WNHHE PE NWWh ODT Table IX. was formed from Table VIII. in the manner indicated for the magnetic declination, Table IT. VARIATIONS OF THE HorizONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE SUN, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon's AGE. The partial means in the first portion of Table IX. shew distinctly. what is more distinctly evident in the following means, namely, the maximum about the period of new moon, and the minimum at the period of full moon :— Means of Groups. 14 days to 16 ee Full Moon, 0:000124 29 days to 1 ae New Moon, 0°000243 INE Sabon 20 0000194 Diirt danse 5 0-:000295 ties 24... 0:000278 LS Hemscna: Sigs 5 0000154 PAS) dbs PAS) ca 0:000318 Oe seers UST 68 0:000074 It should be remarked that there is a secondary minimum shewn in these means at the time of new moon; this would not have been seen so distinctly, or at all, had larger groups been taken. As this minimum is also shewn, and nearly to the same extent in the mean for 1844,* it may be allowable to conclude, that the principal minimum of the horizontal component occurs at the period of full moon; a secondary, and not very de- cided minimum, at the period of new moon ; and maxima, nearly equal, immediately before and after the period of new moon, * Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. XVI., Plate IV. HorizoNTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC ForRcE. 233 VARIATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. Means of Groups. 27 days to 1 oa Moon farthest North, 0:000232 13 days to 15 tere, Moon farthest South, 0:000218 or tecreieere Sie. 0:000138 WG ess HOM: 0:000165 Gaara. (oh Bee 0:000184 PADS BauRoD Pee ese 0:000213 US CORA We ae 0:000207 DBA isis 26) 0:000187 From these means we may conclude that there are maaima when the moon has its greatest north and south declination, and minima when its declination is zero ; the principal minimum occurs when the moon is on the equator moving southwards. VARIATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH. Means of Groups. 6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0:000322 | 6 days after Perigee to 6 days before Apogee, 0:000191 5 days to 2 days before Perigee, . . . 0:000145 | 5 days to 2 days before Apogee, . . . 0:000205 1 day before to 1 day after Perigee, . . 0:000210 | 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, . . 0:000235 2 days to 5 days after Perigee, . . . 0:000261 | 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, . . . 0°000240 TABLE X.—Means of the Bifilar Magnetometer Readings Corrected for Temperature, at the Observation Hours for each Month in 1843. Month. : 20, 9 5 : i 4h, Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Di . Diy. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. Se. Div. January . 537-95 33. 34. 538-80 | 540-62 | 538-19 February . 539-04 3+ 4-9; 538-23 | 540-14 | 537-43 March 34- 534-22 28: ‘O07 | 535-96 | 540-36 | 540-54 April ‘63 | 533-37 . 25- 536-19 | 543-66 | 548-25 ————— | a May : 492-82 . 9: 501-94 | 506-84 | 512-85 June . 495-70 : : 502-11 508-64 512-19 July . 495-32 . : 499-48 512-98 515-88 August 98: 494.37 oe 91. 505-11 | 512-13 | 514-71 September . 500-25 : : 505-57 512-57 509-50 October . 504-51 : : 508-25 512-18 512-64 509-00 : : 7 512-41 515-16 516-06 November pe GS AES A LO . 513-08 : : : 513-66 514-04 614-41 512-09 December . 518-14 514-01 : : 014-38 516-53 514-82 514-48 Table X. is intended chiefly as a key for comparing the tabular observations. The cross lines indicate breaks in the series from new adjustments, which will be found alluded to after Table VIII. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 3N 234 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. The mean at 18" in January is rendered comparable with the means at the other hours thus; the daily means from January 9-14, being the means of 8 daily observations, were corrected by + 0°15 sc. div., obtained as for Table VIII., in order to reduce them to the mean of 9 daily observations, then,— Se. Div. Mean of Bifilar readings, January 9-31, = 537-36 BER see OMHORNC Bitietecaieceses: LOLOL .5 BL OOngle: Difference, (Oy The mean for 18 deduced from the observations January 16-31, was thuiefore corrected by + 0:22, in order to reduce it to the mean from January 9 to 31, as for the other hours. TABLE XI.—Diurnal Variations of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force in 1843, the whole Horizontal Component being Unity. Periods. 18h, 204, 22h, 23h, On. 2h, 4h, 6h, 8. | 10. || Range. Months. 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0-00 0:00 0:00 0-00 January 0448 | 0433 | 0000 0041 | 0519 | 0705 | 0457 | 0347 | 0378 || 0705 February 0217 | 0543 | 0000 0124 | 0461 | 0655 | 0379 | 0472 | 0375 || 0655 March 0697 | 0628 | 0042 0000 | 0806 | 1255 | 1273 | 1045 | 0946 |) 1273 April 1037 | 0919 |. 0000 0122 | 1207 | 1969 | 2438 | 1827 | 1279 || 2438 May 1009 | 0617 | 0000 0270 | 1516 | 1999 | 2591 | 2563 | 1499 |] 2591 June 1229 | 0759 | 0000 0337 | 1391 | 2034 | 2384 | 2747 | 2263 || 2747 July 1131 | 0912 | 0000 0198 | 1322 | 2653 | 2938 | 2727 | 2048 || 2938 August 1107 | 0686 | 0000 0443 | 1745 | 2437 | 2691 | 2492 | 2345 || 2691 September 1353 | 0836 | 0000 0477 | 1360 | 2050 | 1747 | 1867 | 1746 |} 2050 October 1220 | 0872 | 0000 0175 | 1241 | 1629 | 1674 | 1641 | 1529 || 1674 November || 0587 | 0495 | 0000 |—0071| 0117 | 0637 | 0745 | 0799 | 0555 | 0430 || 0799 December 0543 | 0550 | 0110 0058} 0071 | 0150 | 0379 | 0196 | 0160 | 0000 || 0550 Quarters. Spring 0636 | 0683 | 0000 0068 | O811 | 1279 | 1349 | 1101 | 0853 || 1349 Summer 1123 | 0763 | 0000 0268 | 1410 | 2229 | 2638 | 2679 | 1937 || 2679 } Autumn 1227 | 0798 | 0000 0365 | 1449 | 2039 | 2037 | 2000 | 1873 || 2039 Winter 0489 | 0456 | 0000 0040 | 0399 | 0573 | 0447 | 0317 | 0233 || 0573 Half-Years. . Winter 0593 | 0562 | 0000 0063 | 0610 | 0869 | 0771 | 0678 | 0584 || 0869 Summer 1144 | 0788 | 0000 0308 | 1423 | 2190 | 2465 | 2370 | 1863 || 2465 The Year 0868 | 0674 | 0000 0185 | 1016 | 1529 | 1617 | 1524 | 1223 || 1617 SECULAR CHANGE OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. The mean change of the horizontal component from 1842 to 1843 has been determined in the following manner. By the means for the year 1844, it has been found that the mean of the observations at 225 and 04, is greater than the mean at 23% by 0:000162, and that the mean of the observations at 4% and 6" is greater than the mean at 5" by 0:000027, whence from the last line of Table XI.,— Mean of 22 and 02 = +0:000092, corrected to mean for 288 = —0-000070 Mean of 4" and 6" = +0:001573, corrected to mean for 5& = +0-001546 HorIzZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 235 The last line of Table XI. also gives the mean of the horizontal component for the year greater than the mean at 22 by 0:000960, and, from Table VIII., the mean of the horizontal component for the year 1843 = 0-002624, whence— Mean at 20" less than the mean for the year by 0:000286, or = 0:002338 FTN th nie eee cis os Fe a he clas 0:001030, or = 0:001594 Mean-at 2" greater .2.......-+ Rare pttses snilsja.s 8 0:000056, or = 0:002680 Mie ambaty es sr as Moen ae mrcerantestry eye clsiciasele Sete 0:000586, or = 0:0038210 From Table IX., Abstracts for the Observations of 1842, we obtain the following means in scale divisions :— 1842. 20 = 514-56, 23h = 510-09, 2h = 521-82, 5" = 526°37. Converting these means into parts of force by the first formula given after Table VIIT., we obtain the following results :— 208, 23h Qn, 5h, 1842. —0:000576, —0-001033, 4 0:000165, +0-000629 1843. + 0:0023388, +0-001594, +0°002680, +0:003210 Secular Change. +0°002914, +0:002627, +0-002515, +0-002581 Mean Secular Change, 1842 to 1843, = +0:002658 DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. The means of the nine observations in Table XI. indicate two maxima and two minima in the months of January, February, November, and December ; only one maximum and one minimum is visible in the means for the remaining months. The means for the four seasons are types of the months which compose them. The principal minimum occurs in each month, and in the mean for the year about 9" a.m, The principal maximum occurs at 32 10™ p.m. in winter, about 42 10™ p.m. in spring and autumn, at 6” 10™ p.m. in summer, and at 5 10™ p.m. in the mean for the year. A secondary maximum occurs in winter about 6" a.m. The principal maximum in December occurs at 6" 10™ a.m., in all the other months the principal maximum occurs in the afternoon. In order to determine the periods of the secondary maximum and minimum, the observations made at 0™ on the Term-days of 1842 and 1843 have been made use of. The observations in 1842 were corrected by the temperature coefficient obtained by the method of deflections, those of which the means are given in the following Table were farther corrected by the coefficient — 0:46 Sc. div., the difference between the temperature coefficient obtamed from deflections and that deduced from comparisons of the daily observations. The means in the following Table are then deduced from the observations at 0™ in 1842 thus corrected, and the observations at 0™ in 1848, as corrected in this volume. The winter solstice includes the months of November, December, January, and February, 1842 and 1843; the equinoxes, March, April, September, and October, 1842 and 1843; and the summer solstice, May, June, July, and August, 1842 and 1843. TABLE XII.—Diurnal Variation of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force deduced from the Observations at 0™ on the Term-days of 1842 and 1843, the whole Horizontal Component being Unity. inter Summer /inter b 1 9 ¢ Rees. Solstice. aeistea! REN Saas toe Tap HEE | 0-00 0°00 0-00 0-00 nen 0-00 ican | 1547 22 0169 0224 0005 0156 0080 0119 | 1729 23 0042 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 j 1814 0 0000 0361 0337 0342 0095 0219 1649 1 0250 0861 0686 0656 0514 0585 | 1425 4 0531 1357 1420 1835 0842 1089 1174. 3 0731 1845 1520 1532 1170 1351 | 1242 4 0755 1957 1881 1663 1370 1517 1190 5 0757 1942 1996 1656 1446 ila 0784 6 0724 1899 2197 1832 1352 1593 0482 7 0522 1681 2466 1714 1370 1542 0324 8 0636 1376 2224 1416 1380 1398 0234 9 0556 1404 2140 1356 1349 1353 236 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Besides the occurrence of some considerable disturbances, the number of observations seems too few to exhibit the secondary maximum and minimum well. The results for the principal maximum and minimum are the same as those deduced from Table XJ. It may perhaps be added, as true for both, that the principal mini- mum occurs nearer noon in winter and summer than at the equinoxes. The secondary minimum occurs near midnight in the mean for the months about the winter solstice ; per- haps about the same time in the mean for the months about the equinoxes, but this part of the diurnal curve is very irregular from disturbances ; the secondary minimum cannot be said to be at all visible in the mean for the months about the summer solstice, and it is very imperfectly shewn in the means for the year. The secondary maximum occurs about 6 A.m. in the winter solstitial and equinoctial months, and perhaps earlier im the means for the year. RANGES OF THE MONTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT oF MAGNETIC FORCE. \ The quantities given in the last column of Table XI. are rather less than the true ranges, the minimum occurring near 23", The least diurnal range is that for December, and the greatest that for July. The range is nearly constant for the winter months, and also for the summer months, the most rapid increase occurring at the equinoxes; the following means will exhibit the rate of increase ;— Jan. & Dec. Feb, & Nov. March & Oct. April & Sept. May & Aug. June & July. Ranges, 0:000627 0:000727 0:001473 0:002244 0:002641 0:002842 Differences, 0:000100 0000746 0:000771 0:000397 0:000201 The range of the monthly means is more than four times as great for the summer as for the winter months. TABLE XIII.—Diurnal Ranges of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force for each Civil Day, as deduced from the 9 Daily Observations in 1843, with the Weekly and Monthly Means. Day. January. | February.| March. April. May. June. July. August. |September.| October. | Novem December. 0-0 00 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 1 [sss J 0067 0046 0214 0231 0322 0385 0266 0328 [0220] 0194 0116 2 0067 0045 0109 [0389] 0249 0308 [0344] 0230 0375 0206 0192 0215 3 0127 0092 0091 0190 0213 0207 0378 0461 [0294] 0175 0237 [0124] 4. 0089 0070 0115 0215 0198 [0271] 0395 0696 0278 0204 0169 0067 5) O111 {0104] | [0172] 1265 0302 0285 0251 0319 0278 0261 [0162] 0110 6 0173 0162 0174 0515 0939 0229 0224 [0425] 0281 0212 0097 0154 7 0029 0172 346 0207 [0447] 0272 0289 0287 0217 0240 01595 0097 8 [0138] 0085 0199 0391 0476 0278 0412 0255 0265 [0226] 0124 0259 9 0227 0088 0189 [0331] 0288 0224 [0330] 0528 0405 0239 | ....-. 0242 10 0104. 0092 0139 0197 0482 0302 0442 0427 [0252] O1S2 | eee [0199] 11 0187 0142 0169 0289 0275 [0295] 0281 O3511 0213 0222 0102 0305 12 0079 [0132] | [0166] 0388 0256 0417 0337 0294 0231 0189 [0142] 0141 13 0062 0182 0242 0292 0170 0361 0330 [0289] 0182 0149 0213 0149 14 0120 0144 0124 0340 [0281] 0188 0290 0285 0144 0277 0153 0070 15 [0097 ] 0146 0136 0362 0366 0307 0231 0222 0152 [0274] 0103 00495 16 0099 0149 0219 (0317 ] 0333 0285 [0275] 0196 0152 0567 O114 0043 17 0140 0090 0182 0332 0287 0321 0259 0239 [0200] 0196 0109 [0058] 18 0078 0139 0335 0355 0274 [0303] 0281 0213 0183 0267 0119 0102 19 0098 [0117] | [0217] 0223 0202 0348 0256 0251 0370 0182 [0101] 0028 20 0083 O1LLS 0143 0193 0280 0294 0212 [0282] 0220 0242 0099 0061 Horizontal COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC Forcr. 237 TABLE XIII.—Continued. January. | February.| March. April. May. rust. |September.| October. | November.| December. 0-0 0-0 0:0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0075 0101 0206 0166 [0251] : 0191 0130 [0089] 0110 0218 0220 0246 [0186] 0094 0083 0140 : 0236 4: 0362 0165 0089 0210 0195 0298 [0245 ] 0183 0096 0164 0119 23% 0224 OSs 0211 0075 [0119] | [0161] y 0438 : 0235 0202 0094 0092 0146 0357 0249 0188 0160 0119 0151 [0312 0334 0209 [0100] 0215 : 0339 0261 [0214] 0115 0240 y 0252 24. 0139 0163 0086 0206 0266 0330 01061 01191 01774 03116 03130 02484 02227 From the means at the foot of Table XIII. it will be seen that the least mean is that for January, and the greatest that for July; the same results may be deduced from these quantities as from the ranges of the monthly means, thus— ; Jan. & Dec. Feb. & Nov. March & Oct. April & Sept. May & Aug. June & July. Ranges, 0:001141 0:001234 0:002000 0:002602 0:003154 0:003291 Differences, 0:0000938 0:000766 0:000802 0:000332 0:000155 The mean of the diurnal ranges is about three times as great for the summer months as for the winter months. If we take the differences of the monthly means of the diurnal ranges, and of the diurnal ranges of the monthly means, we shall have some measure of those irregularities which cause the two to differ, From the means for each couple of months we have the following differences :— Monthly means of the diurnal ranges, minus the diurnal ranges of the monthly means. Jan. & Dec. Feb. & Nov. March & Oct. April & Sept. May & Aug. June & July. 0:000514 0:000507 0:000527 0:000558 0:000493 0:000449 The difference is greater at the solstices than in the winter or summer, and is least in summer, TABLE XIV.—Diurnal Ranges of the Horizontal Component of Magnetic Force, with reference to the Moon’s Age and Declination for 1843. Mean . / Mean Diurnal i Diurnal Range. farthest North. Day. : 5 0-00 0 2375 2022 1960 2026 2166 1858 2168 2146 2057 1925 2124 2088 1962 2437 i-) S =I CANQAUKWNOH OS OONAUKR We Table XIV. ae formed from Table XIII. in the manner indicated for the declination Table II. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 30 238 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. DIURNAL RANGES OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCH, WITH REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE SUN, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE. The general aspect of the partial means, much affected by disturbances, is that of a minimum near the time of new moon, and a maximum near the time of full moon. Means of Groups. 14 days to 16 a Full Moon, 0:002359 0:002163 0:0019038 0:002494 29 days to 1 a New Moon, 0-002106 a. 2 avast 0:002122 Crs edocs 29 0-002882 TO sree: 13 0:002390 if we reject those for the 28th, 6th, and 7th days, which are DIURNAL RANGES OF THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. 27 oe to 1 2 Moon farthest North, 0:002680 5. PA eUatie 0:002882 Gey Oe es. 0:002304 Oiitseenct liane. 0:002209 Means of Groups. 20 23 soa00s 19 13 days to 15 a Moon farthest South, 0-002278 16 0:002002 0:002124 0:002025 These and the partial means indicate maaima about the periods of greatest north and south declinations, and minima when the declination is zero; the maximum at the period of greatest south declination is not well marked. VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. TABLE XV.—Mean Values of the Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force (the whole Vertical Component being Unity), for each Civil Day as deduced from the Nine Daily Observations, for each Week, and for each Month in the year 1848. Dey. January. | iebruary. 0-01 0-01 Vall Mfesesse seal 6830 2 7042 6896 3 6997 6853 4 7078 6772 5 7020 [6834] 6 6988 6869 7 6933 6821 8 [6991] 6792 9 6881 6809 10 6984. 6820 11 7140 6652 12 7012 [6744] 13 6997 6696 14 7041 6737 15 [6988] 6746 16 6927 6758 17 6983 6747 18 6969 6667 19 6890 [6701] March. 6686 | 6553 7120 6664. 6715 6606 6513 [6569 } 6587 6507 6484. 6452 6502 6524 [6421] April. 6282 6224 6310 [6258] 6101 6247 [6160] 6097 6197 6172 May. 0:01 5974 5971 5939 5951 5996 5702 [5965] 6102 5969 6073 6034 6107 6054 [6063] 6034 6089 6062 5962 6013 June. 0-01 59952 5905 5937 [5919] 5904 5886 5931 5935 6024 July. August. O01 0-01 5837 5696 [5953] 5688 5879 5633 6013 5895 5902 5713 5886 [5620] 6005 5574 5982 55049 [5964] 5351 5988 5683 5992 | 5673 5862 | [5737] 5823 | 5789 5825 | 5800 [5828] | 5732 5856 | 5717 5829 | 5869 5775 | 5967 September. eeeeee October. 2048 November. | | | DUnwnrODwnrrotk a 5351 [5304] December, [5223] 5137 Civil Day. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Means. VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 239 TABLE XV.—Continued. January. | February.| March. April. May. June. July. August, |September.| October. | November.| December. —__ 0-01 0-01 0-01 0-01 O*OL 0-01 0-01 00L 0-01 O0L O-OL 0-01 6980 6689 6371 6171 6025 5945 5849 (6049 | 5437 5417 5254 5169 6972 6671 6314 6173 [5959 | 5973 5/713 6117 5242 5415 5258 5173 [6853] 6677 6358 6144 5927 5883 5819 6244 5325 [5356] 5188 5169 6700 6690 6294 [6070] 5905 5953 [5925] | cooeee 5391 5300 5279 5147 6712 6981 6330 5971 5920 5999 5742 | eevee [5385] 5344 5292 [5163] 6870 6658 6275 5956 5917 [5981] 6619 5921 5461 5460 5337 5087 6878 [6718] [6252] 6005 5778 6008 5805 5866 5502 5649 [5287] 5159 6787 6705 6235 6037 5930 6014 5670 [5805] 5389 5596 5243 5247 7000 6651 6164 6049 [5888] 6030 5683 5748 5396 5469 5301 5314 [6860] 6216 5990 5900 6050 5773 5686 5449 [5557] 5269 5184 6833 6105 [5993 | 5868 6035 [5701] 5609 5141 5626 9282 5207 6833 6025 5932 | 5702 5652 5532 [5206] 6940 6758 6457 6153 5968 | 5997 5875 5757 0405 5373 0002 5207 Table XV. was formed in the following manner ; the means of the balance micrometer readings, corrected for temperature, were first obtained for each civil day, and these means were reduced to parts of the vertical component by the following formulee :— January 1—August 22. f= n x 0:000009 August 25—August 31. f= (nm — 160) 0:000009 September 6—November 11. f= (m — 222) 0:000009 November 14—December 31. / = (m — 260) 0:000009 Where f is the quantity in the previous Table and n the mean micrometer reading corrected for tempera- ture. The balance needle was removed three times in 1843 for the purpose of determining its temperature correc- tion, namely, on August 23 and 24, on September 1, 2,3, 4, and 5, and on November 13. These removals neces- sarily broke the series of observations, but it 1s conceived that the different portions after August have been reduced to nearly the values which they would have had, had there been no removal, by the following methods :-— 1st, To connect the observations after November 13, with those immediately before it,— Mean of the micrometer readings, week, Oct. 16— 91. = 830°3 RES ae aioe sieite sicies) it tiei'oie aa seljclasisin mers Oct, 23— QO —HO2OLG Seca sit ancaia nis salsiseis aiaie siainisislosiais cs'acian Oct. 30—Nov. 4. = 829-7 ‘ _f— 06 sconoosbesgie t ea ee ee Nov. 6— ll. = as Change in 14 days— { 5:0 Mee ccie ce stele fesien acne ones period, Oct. 16—Nov. 11. = 8261, before adjustment. The mean corresponding to October 30 is, therefore, 826:1, and the mean change for 14 days being — 7:8, the mean corresponding to November 18 will be 818-3. Mean of micrometer readings, week, Nov. 14— 18. = 858°3 eee ae nieeracatan) ou ayia civ eteeuveun cee IN OWN oO 95. = 845:3 eee neue nsec actieaicie os Sateeoheal st NOM ON == DOC...) 2. 0 =='848'8 : - f — 95 Re pee 9 837.3 | Change tee aye =: { — 8-0 vesteseeeseecssreeeseeees perlod, Nov. 14—Dec. 9. = 847-4, after adjustment. The mean corresponding to November 27 is, therefore, 847°4, and the mean change for 14 days being — 8-7, the mean corresponding to November 13 will be 856-1. This gives nearly 38-0 micrometer divisions more than the previous result ; 38:0 was therefore subtracted from all the daily means in micrometer divisions after November 13, 1843. 240 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. It will be obvious from a consideration of the above weekly means, that this correction cannot be far from the truth; indeed, the mean of the micrometer readings for November 10 and 11 is 819-6, and for November 14 and 15 is 860°1, which, supposing the change for two days small, will give nearly the same difference. 2d, To comnect the observations after September 6, with those before August 22. This has been a matter of greater difficulty than in the previous case, both on account of the greater in- terval elapsed, and also on account of considerable changes occurring in the daily means before August 23 ; for this reason, the weekly changes could not be compared with any confidence, and the following method was adopted :— Mean of balance magnetometer readings corrected, January 1842—August 1842, = 920:3 Ea Lele Cbeenya ety Anan RRM Acs Lita cicrticiatitete eis eeiaisiiaecteh ers January 1843—August 1843, = 1693.0 Annual change corresponding to the beginning of May 1842-43, : : : = 227°3 Mean of the balance magnetometer readings corrected, September 1843—April 1844, = 78390 Se eicn ice na vem cerita scassccdiececersesestessscsevcdvessses eprember 1844 — April 840,55 neo oo.0 Annual change corresponding to the beginning of January 1844-1845, : ‘ =193-0 Hence, mean annual change corresponding to the beginning of March 1843-1844, = ALSO) Mean of balance magnetometer readings corrected September 1842—August 1843, — 736-0 corresponding to the beginning of March 1843, a Therefore the mean in the beginning of March 1844 should be. = 623:0 But the mean, September 1843 to August 1844, ee ee to the n mean in the ~ 745-0 beginning of March 1844, was : : 5 ie Whence the micrometer readings after September 1843 are more than those before Ri 222-0 eptember 1843, by After the corrections in the first case had been made, all the means after September 5, 1843 were cor- rected by — 222-0 micrometer divisions, which, it is believed, is not farfrom the truth. The correction for the six daily means, August 25-31, was obtained by interpolating between the means of the preceding and succeed- ing weeks for the mean of the six days, the correction applied was —160 micrometer divisions. As it has been found from the observations in 1844, that, in the month of January, the mean of the 4 daily observations corresponding to those made in the first week of January 1843, and of the 8 corresponding to those made in the second week, differ little from the mean of the whole 24, no correction has been applied to the means of the 4 or 8 daily observations. ANNUAL PERIOD OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF THE MAGNETIC FORCE. Differences of the monthly means deduced from the observations in 1844, at the hours 18,20, . . . 10, from those deduced from the 24 hourly observations made on each day (excepting Sundays) in that year :— 24. observations minus 9 observations. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec. —0-0000 | 16 16 82 70 59 12 22 66 66 74 55 14 These quantities being applied as corrections to the monthly means at the foot of Table XV., we obtain the following :— Jan. Keb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. t 0-01 | 6924 6742 6875 6083 5909 5984 5858 5691 5339 5299 5277 5193 Krom these it appears that the vertical component diminishes considerably from January till May, increases from May till June, diminishes slowly from June till August, more rapidly till “September, and slow ly from Sep- VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 241 tember till December. The diminution from January till December is 0:001731; if we refer to the previous attempt to connect the different series of observations, we find the mean annual diminution from the beginning of March 1843 till the begmning of March 1844 =213 micrometer divisions ; this, together with the rate of this change, will give 210 micrometer divisions (= 0-001890) for the diminution from January 1843 to January 1844. If proportional parts of this be applied to the monthly means above, the secular change will be elimi- nated, and the annual period rendered more distinct. The corrected means are as follow :-— Jan. Feb. March. = April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0-01 | 6924 6899 6690 6555 6539 6771 6798 6793 6599 6716 6852 6925 This indicates a maximum at mid-winter and at mid-summer, a minimum about April and a minimum in September. It seems, therefore, very probable that the same law holds for the vertical component as has al- ready been shewn to exist for the horizontal component, namely, maxima at the solstices, and minima at the equinoxes. From the above the minima at the equinoxes seem to differ little, but the maximum at the winter solstice is considerably greater than that at the summer solstice. The range ‘of the annual period is 0:000386. TABLE XVI.—Mean Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, after eliminating the Secular Change, with reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth, for 1845. Variations Variations|) After |Variations| After | Variations || Before | Variations! Before | Variations | Moon’s| of Ver- | Moon’s| of Verti- || Moon | of Verti- | Moon | of Verti- and of Verti- and | of Verti- tical Com-| Age. | cal Com- | farthest) cal Com- farthest| cal Com- after | cal Com- | after | cal Come | ponent. ponent. | North. | ponent. | North. | ponent. |/Perigee.) ponent. |Apogee.| ponent. 0-000 0-000 077 118 063 108 046 191 101 071 078 107 073 071 105 105 091 090 046 064 0-000 078 054 067 067 041 043 053 055 000 046 064 114 114 129 110 0-000 De 025 017 050 076 035 024 147 045 9 i] & NONKRWNHYE BE NWWhUANE 0-000 055 056 081 057 048 077 076 058 076 068 057 057 090 © 049 071 062 028 000 144 : 009 051 O11 CHOWAN ARWNH OF OMDWANMAwWwoeH Of TOUR wWNHOR Pe wOwhuany Table XVI. was formed from Table XV. in the manner already indicated, Table II. for the declination. VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE SuN, Moon, AND EARTH, AS INDICATED BY THE Moon’s AGE. The means shew, with considerable irregularities, mavima near the quadratures, and minima near the syzigies. The principal minimum occurs at the period of full moon, the following means of groups give the same result :— 14 days to 16 ae Full Moon, 0°000041 29 days to 1 a New Moon, 0:600031 AZ fence 20 0-000066 PEASE 5 0:000046 74) a ea 24... 0-000067 GE tenses Oats 0000079 DOR snore PAS tee 0:000083 LO LNBs va 0:00008 . MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. 3P 242 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1848. VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. The second portion of Table XVI., in groups, gives the following means :— 27 days to 1 me Moon farthest North, 0-000107 Dayo) 5 0:000099 Girone radii 0:000066 OD aaeaice 12 0:000043 13 days to 15 ae Moon farthest South, 0:000077 UG il eeense 19 20 aes 22 Zoi pence 26 0:000027 0:000016 0:000034 These means indicate a well marked minimum at the passage of the equator northwards ; a well marked maximum at the period of greatest north declination ; a diminution of the component from thence till after the passage of the equator southwards ; and a secondary maximum at the greatest south declination. Though the latter is not well shewn in these groups, the means on the whole shew, maxima of the vertical component at the periods of greatest north and south declination, and minima when the Geelipanion’ is Zero. VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE MOON’S DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH. Means of Groups. 6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0°000116 5 days to 2 days before Perigee, 0:000110 1 day before to 1 day after Perigee, 0:000084 2 days to 5 days after Perigee, 0:000098 6 days after Perigee to 6 days before Apogee, 0°000060 5 days to 2 days before Apogee, 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, 0:000054 0:000036 0:000084 TABLE XVII.—Means of the Balance Magnetometer Readings corrected for Temperature at the Observation Hours for each Month in 1848. Month. 182, 20h, 22h, 23h, Oh, Qh, 4h, 64, 8h, 102, Mic. Diy Mie. Div. Mie. Diy. Mie. Diy. Mie. Diy. Mie. Diy. Mie. Diy. Mie. Div. Mic. Div. Mic. Div January 756-0 762-6 765-7 768:°3 769-2 767-7 774-4 777-0 774-7 February 740-0 745-5 746-6 744-2 745-5 BBE 761-9 763-9 797:2 March 707°5 713-8 715-9 708-6 707-1 71558 730-0 735-5 722-0 April 662-2 668-9 676-9 669-7 670-4. 688-3 721-6 709-2 685-9 May 659-8 667-0 664-5 650-5 649-4 665-2 674-7 679-6 657-4 June 662-2 671-4 668-6 655-6 651-4 664-6 677-3 673-8 669-4 July 638-9 647-6 651-3 643-7 648-6 659-4 664-5 667-8 653-7 628-2 638-5 641-7 624-8 634-5 643-6 656-4 653-3 638-8 august \ 793-1 | 803-4 | 803-1 790-2 | 790-5 | 799-7 | 807-6 | 806-0 | 793-4 September 805-9 823-5 829-0 817-8 824-4 831-5 836-0 824-7 810. 9 October 801-1 812-0 821-1 819-4 821-5 830-9 829-9 821-3 | 814-0 ( 804-2 808-4. 817-8 819:3 821-2 827-0 829-5 821-3 818-9 816-9 November —|—— 841-1 843-1 845-4 840-7 841-3 849-3 856-9 856-0 859-3 855-9 December 824.2 826-1 830-2 829-6 833-4 839-9 848-1 $49-1 853-4 842-9 Table XVII. is intended chiefly as a key for comparing the tabular observations. Table indicate that a break has occurred in the series ; other. XV. The cross lines in the the means so separated are not comparable with each The periods at which the needle was removed have been already mentioned.—See remarks to Table VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 2438 The mean at 18" in January is rendered comparable with the means at the other hours, thus :— Mic. Div. Mean of balance magnetometer readings, January 9—31. = 768°8 Mecsas ence wcnaisa py aestsmeseae qaaleneate ses + January 16—31. = 764°5 Difference, : ‘ é = 4:3 The mean for 18" deduced from the observations January 16 to 31 was therefore corrected by + 4:3 micrometer divisions, in order to reduce it to the mean from January 9 to 31, as for the other hours. TABLE XVIII.—Diurnal Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force in 1843, the whole Vertical Component being Unity. Periods. 18}, 204, 22h, 23, 0h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 102. Range. 0-00 0-00 0-00 000 =| 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 January 0000 | 0059 | 0087 0111 | 0119 | 0105 | 0166 | 0189 | 0168 || 0189 February 0000 | 0049 | 0059 0038 | 0049 | 0119 | 0197 | 0215 | 0155 || 0215 March 0004 | 0060 | 0079 0013 | 0000 | 0078 | 0206 | 0256 | 0134 || 0256 April 0000 | 0060 | 0132 0067 | 0074 | 0235 | 0535 | 0423 | 0213 || 0535 May 0094 | 0158 | 0156 0010 | 0000 | 0142 | 0228 | 0272 | 0072 || 0272 June 0097 | 0180 | 0155 0038 | 0000 | 0119 | 0233 | 0220 | 0162 || 0233 | July 0000 | 0078 | 0112 0043 | 0087 | 0184 | 0230 | 0260 | 0133 || 0260 August 0030 | 0122 | 0133 0000 | 0067 | 0149 | 0254 | 0230 | 0103 || 0254 September 0000 | 0158 | 0208 0107 | 0166 | 0230 | 0271 | 0169 | 0045 |) 0271 October 0000 | 0098 | 0180 0165 | 0184 | 0268 | 0259 | 0182 | 0116 || 0268 November 0000 | 0026 | 0073 | 0052 | 0063 | 0127 | 0176 | 0142 | 0151 | 0126 || 0176 December 0000 | 0017 | 0054 | 0049 | 0083 | 0141 | 0215 | 0224 | 0263 | 0168 || 0263 Spring 0000 | 0055 | 0089 0038 | 0040 | 0143 | 0312 | 0297 | 0166 | 0312 Summer — 0035 | 0110 | 0105 0001 | 0000 | 0119 | 0201 | 0222 | 0093 || 0222 Autumn 0000 } 0116 | 0167 0081 | 0129 | 0206 | 0251 | 0184 | 0078 || 0251 Winter 0000 | 0034 | 0071 0086 | 0129 | 0165 | 0177 | 0201 | 0154 |) 0201 Winter Solstice 0000 | 0038 | 0068 0074 | 0109 | 0154 | 0182 | 0204 | 0154 || 0204 Equinoxes 0000 | 0093 | 0149 0087 | 0105 | 0202 | 0317 | 0257 | 0126 || 0317 Summer Solstice || 0032 | 0111 | 0113 0000 | 0015 | 0125 | 0213 | 0222 | 0095 || 0222 The Year 0000 | 0070 | 0100 0043 | 3066 | 0149 | 0227 | 0217 | 0114 || 0227 DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. An examination of the monthly means will shew, that they may be arranged into three very distinct groups, namely, the months January, February, November, and December, about the winter solstice; the months March, April, September, and October, about the equinoxes ; and the months May, June, July, and August, about the summer solstice. A consideration of the monthly means, however, will shew, that the diurnal curves pass gradually from the type of the one group to that of the next following. In the means of the months about the winter solstice there is but one maximum and one minimum dis- tinetly shewn; the diurnal curve is single. The minimum occurs before 5" 10™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time. The maximum occurs between 6" and 7" P.M., .......20c.ceeeees There is a slight inflexion in the curve about 11 a.m., tending to a minimum; this minimum is more or less shewn in the separate monthly means, but never very distinctly excepting in February. In the mean of the months, about the equinoxes, there are two maxima and two minima shewn ; the diurnal curve is double :-— The minimum occurs between 9" p.m, and 5" a.m., Makerstoun mean time. hesmMaximnumMoccursratwOn wh ODePeMe a la 5 8 setasisccteeacciesece A secondary maximum occurs about 92 10™ AM.) 9... ...c.eseeeeeces A secondary minimum ............ TE LO rei a nT aa SoBe Se BEE 244. ABSTRACTS OF MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Each of the four months gives nearly the same result. In the means of the months about the summer solstice, there are two maxima and two minima, the diurnal curve is also double :-— The minimum (as far as it can be deduced from the 9 observations), occurs at Noon, Makerstoun mean time. The maximum occurs about 6° 10™ p.m., Ga OG OOIGN0 960 000 doo A minimum occurs between 9" p.m. and 5h A.M., bo oles youn eee A secondary maximum occurs about 8" a.m., ' Ba HOG 800 086 000.500 800 Whether the principal maximum occurs near noon or near midnight cannot be determined from the obser- vations, but an examination of the monthly means will shew that the noon minimum becomes more marked from January till June, and then becomes less so till December. The result for the whole year is exactly that for the equinoctial months. As the above results agree on the whole with those for the year 1844,* it may be permissable to con- clude, that,— 1st, The diurnal curve is single in winter, unequally double at the equinoxes, and nearly equally double at midsummer. 2d, The minimum near noon occurs at the same hour in the equinoctial and summer months ; the morning maximum occurs nearer noon in the equinoctial than in the summer months ; the principal or evening maximum oceurs nearly at the same hour in the winter and summer months, and farther from noon than in the equinoctial months. In order to determine the period of the principal minimum, the observations made at 0™ on the term-days of 1842 and 1843 have been used. The observations in 1842 were corrected by various temperature coeffi- cients, depending on the method of deflections, the means in the followimg table were obtained after farther cor- rections had been applied for the differences of the first coefficients from that obtained by comparisons of the daily observations. The means in the following table are deduced from the term observations at 0" in 1842 thus corrected, and, from the term observations in 1843, as corrected im this volume. The winter solstice includes the months of November, December, January, and February, 1842 and 1843; the equinoxes, the months of March, April, September, and October, 1842 and 1843; and the summer solstice, the months of May, June, July, and August, 1842 and 1843. TABLE XIX.—Diurnal Variations of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, deduced from the Observations at 0™ on the Term-Days of 1842 and 1843, the whole Vertical Component being Unity. San nD UU I Winter |y..- Summer Winter : Summer 2 EK xes.| ‘ 42, : Tean. | Hour. : E Xes. : 1842. | 1848, a Solstice. Ch eroncey Solstice. ioe Bie Aha PEO Solstice. reine Solstice. see 0-00 0-00 0:00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 | 0-00 0250 0572 0299 0492 | 0281 | 0357 22 0141 0589 0351 0510 | 0238 | 0344 0190 0532 0256 0410 | 0267 | 0309 23 O151 0590 0298 0478 | 0240 | 0329 0080 04.20 0153 0292 | 0170 | 0201 0184 0552 0241 0460 | 0218 | 0309 0000 0083 0029 0000 | 0101 | 0021 0220 0517 0253 0478 | 0194 | 0306 0051 0000 0000 0008 | 0052 | 0000 0229 0510 0288 0500 | 0211 | 0326 0078 0064. 0036 0144 | 0000 | 0042 | 0225 0556 0359 0547 | 0238 | 0363 0077 0099 00738 0186 | 0007 | 0067 0251 0671 0382 0622 | 0274 | 0418 0063 0178 0189 0264 | 0049 | 0126 0248 0729 0401 06382 | 0313 | 23 0058 0312 0262 0345 | 0103 | 0194 | 0228 | 0783 0425 0638 | 0345 | 0462 0083 0420 0341 0447 | 0142 | 0265 0227 0788S 0441 0661 | 0336 | 0469 0095 0530 0336 0483 | O184 | 0303 0197 0707 0473 0632 | 0313 | 0448 OAT AGRwWNe oO 0129 0587 0347 0492 | 0242 | 0337 0194 0604 | 0448 0563 | 0293 | 0399 | | In the mean for all the periods, the principal minimum occurs at midnight, or 12 aw. In the mean for both years, the principal minimum ocewrs at 1" a.m. The principal minimum perhaps occurs nearer noon in * Transactions of the Royal Society of Kdinburgh, Vol. XVI, p. 187. VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. 245 winter than in summer, as there is an indication of a minimum about 5? a.m. The following are the results from the mean of both years :— The principal minimum at 15 10™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time. The principal maximum at 6" P.M., . A secondary maximum at 9" 10™ a.m., A secondary minimum at 11 40™ a.M., The same results may be deduced from these means as have been already deduced from the means Table XVIII. SECULAR CHANGE OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE. The means for the year 1844 shew that the means of the observations at 22" and 0", and at 4" and 64, are respectively very nearly the same as the means of the observations at 23" and 5", Assuming that they are equal for the year 1843, we shall have from the means for the year at the foot of Table XVIII. = 0-000100 and from the mean for the year deduced from the means at the the foot of Table XV. = 9°015935. Mean at 20" less than the mean of 9 observations from Table XVIII. by 0:000040, or = 0:015895 Wigs (are Dee amas sec tess sa PUBS eae oar a ner 0:0000389, or = 0:015896 ingen xh GED cab cha et ee mga cg ee ce 0-000044, or = 0-015891 RUC HMEL ORR EROCCA LCI yeaa catens Snel sesectaecsre hes veteisstoscnressiees cles ses 0:000078, or = 0:016013 From Table XVII., Abstracts for the observations of 1842, we have the means in micrometer divisions at the corresponding hours in 1842, these bemg converted into parts of force by the first formula given in the remarks to Table XV. we have, 1842 ; 208 = 0:017902, 238 = 0:017962, 2 — 0-017980, 5" = 0-018147. The means above for 1843 bemg subtracted from these, we have— Secular change, 20"= — 0:002007, 23"= — 0:002066, 2®= —0-002089, 5" = —0-002134. Mean secular change 1842 to 18438, = —0-002074. RANGES OF THE MontTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS. The ranges given in the last column of Table XVIII. must be very imperfect for some months, since the minimum actually occurs in general a little after midnight. It is very obvious, however, that the range is greatest at the equinoxes, and that it differs httle in summer from winter, thus the diurnal range of the mean for the winter group of months is 0:000204, for the summer group 0°000222, while for the group at the equinoxes it is 0:000317. ‘The corresponding groups in Table XIX. give the following ranges :— Diurnal range; winter group = 0:000251 ; summer group = 0:000492; equinoctial group = 0:000788 ; or nearly in the ratios of 1, 2, and 3. TABLE XX.—Diurnal Ranges of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, as deduced from the 9 Daily Observations in 1843, with the Weekly and Monthly Means. January. | February.| March. April. June. July. August. |September. October. |November.| December. 0-00 0°00 0:00 | 0:00 0:00 0-00 0°00 H 0:00 feet) 0227) 15 0130) “|; 0296 0292/0492) NW O21T slic +... 0400 0099 | O111 | [0865] 0414 | [0363] | 0297 | ....-- 0468 0159 | 0135 | 0371 0597 | 0406 | 0366 | [..--- [0270] 0162 | 0474 | 0332 O405i | 5 0185) We yl536 ies. 0184 [0283] 3738 0469 | 0238 | 0288 | «-- 0286 0802 0373 0264 | 0274 | [0798] 0166 0355 1416 0398 | 0300 | 0266 0247 0123 1330 0421 | 0945 | 0807 5! 35 1177 [0838] 0139 | [0361] | 1526 0555 0363 0254 | 0378 | 0353 [0633] 0434 [0387] | 0140 | 0399 0822 1112 0499 | 0129 | 0143 0552 OCOnonrPwnye MAG. AND MET. obs. 1843. 3 Q 246 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XX.—Continued. Day. January. | February.| March. April. May. June. July. August. |September.| October. | November.| December. 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 000 | ~— oo 0-00 13 0172 0440 0634 0738 0403 0691 0461 [0283] 0451 0402 | ------ 0445 0430 | 0380 | 0100 [0387] | 0213 | O184 0412 | 0356 | 0083 0553 | 0139 | [0201] 0316 | 0301 | 0337 0590 | [0236] | 0152 0790 | 0114 | 0347 0210 | 0289 | 0205 [0383] 0231 14 0127 0724 0446 0835 [0417] 0318 0523 0407 0324 15 [0149] 0224 0327 0473 0882 0210 0206 0256 0324 16 0127 0340 0234 [0573] 0584 0642 [0307] 0142 0309 7, 0211 0297 0445 0299 0303 0211 0281 0244 [0377] 18 0129 0411 0709 0835 0400 [0302] 0229 0318 0252 19 0298 [0287] | [0389] 0259 0322 0265 0233 0275 0769 20 0059 0364 0218 0277 0285 0365 0157 [0344] 0284 21 O119 0110 0207 0287 [0328] 0212 0292 0175 0468 22 [0185] 0199 0517 0145 0304 0240 0305 0706 0896 23 0157 01359 0383 [0239] 0566 0354 [O706] | «sees. 0562 24 0175 1483 0197 0382 0294 0290 0823 | sereee [0497] 25 0302 0440 0166 0169 0497 [0298] 2258 0463 0408 26 0107 [0407] | [0291] 0178 0885 0395 0599 0356 0419 27 0159 0102 0122 0381 0274 0269 0643 [0316] 0226 28 1331 0148 0103 0210 [0511] 0238 0190 0191 0861 29 || [0400] 0773 | 0246 | 0539 | 0235 | 0438 | 0260 | 0407 30 0441 0325 | [0263] | 0531 | 0618 | [0390] | 0309 | 0414 31 0131 0197 0339 0558 | 0344 0297 0337 0432 0616 0506 0357 0442 0426 0452 0400 0275 0325 TABLE XXI.—Diurnal Ranges of the Vertical Component of Magnetic Force, with reference to the Moon’s Age and Declination for 1843. eee Moon’s Moee Ae een nace en Diurnal yee Diurnal Carihest Diurnal farthest Diurnal Range. © Range. North Range North Range 0000 Day. 0-000 Day. 0-000 Day. 0-000 411 0 : 362 0 603 14 528 346 1 261 1 383 15 362 461 2 255 2 567 16 351 338 3 434 3 463 17 421 361 4. 392 4 724 18 273 306 5 343 5 397 19 331 325 6 877 6 448 20 308 311 U 624 7 437 21 327 229 8 540 8 371 22 307 275 9 403 9 342 23 325 408 10 472 10 270 24 397 368 11 411 11 298 25 514 424 12 444 12 475 26 301 607 13 493 13 469 27 461 387 14 385 This Table has been formed from Table XX., in the manner indicated for the declination, Table VII. MAGNETIC Dip. 247 DIURNAL RANGES OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s AGE. The general aspect of the partial means is exactly similar to that of the means for the horizontal com- ponent, Table XIV., and, with similar exceptions, namely, of the means for the 28th, 6th, and 7th days, the result is the same, or a minimum about the time of new moon, and a maximum about the time of full moon. Means of Groups. 14 days to 16 oe Full Moon, 0-000381 29 days to 1 a0 New Moon, 0000837 1 7 nce ae 20 0:000366 Dares 5 0:000356 74) A Pd ar 0:000285 Grr ines. OF cs 0:000611 PB). WeegOBe PAs eae 0:000452 VO sects Toro. 0:000455 DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE VERTICAL COMPONENT OF MAGNETIC FORCE, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. Means of Groups. 27 days to 1 oe Moon farthest North, 0:000482 13 days to 15 He Moon farthest South, 0-000453 73E Bakes Dd. 0:000537 LGe en tccess 19 0:000344 GO) eae. 8 ... 0°000419 QO Fe tesates PDS See 0:000314 See he ane UPA oh 0:000846 | 23 ...... 26a. 0:000384 These means shew the same result as that already obtained for the horizontal component (Table XIV.), namely, maxima about the periods of greatest north and south declination, and minima near the periods when the declination is zero; the maximum at the period of greatest south declination is better marked than for the horizontal component ; the principal minimum occurs when the moon is moving northwards. MaAGNeEtIc Dip. The following results are deduced from the variations of the horizontal and vertical components by means of the formula Oe 2 sin 2 0 (=- ~ 0:0002909 \ Y xX ) where = is the quantity in the tables for the vertical component, = the quantity in those for the horizontal component, @, the magnetic dip assumed to be 71° 18’, A O the variations of dip given in the following tables, and 0:0002909 the value of 1’ in parts of radius. SECULAR CHANGE OF MAGNETIC DIP. From the mean secular changes for the two components of magnetic force, pages 235 and 245, we obtain Mean Secular Change of Magnetic Dip 1842 to 1843 = — 4'-92. ANNUAL PERIOD OF MAGNETIC Dir. From the quantities, pages 231 and 241, exhibiting the annual periods of the two components of magnetic x 248 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. force (the secular changes being eliminated), the following quantities have been obtained, which shew the varia- tions of the magnetic dip for the different months of the year :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0°145 0374 0605 0°518 0°000 07106 0°470 0686 0°377 0578 0360 0269 These quantities indicate maxima of magnetic dip about the periods of the equinowes, and minima about the periods of the solstices. ‘ TABLE XXII.—Diurnal Variations of Magnetic Dip, deduced from Tables XI. and XVIII. Period. : ; : i 108. , | January 0-406 } February . 4 0-328 March 50: : “De : 0-380 ' April : : ; 0-870 | May ‘ : 0-973 ; June 4 : : : : 0-443 | July 24 0-824 | August : 0-202 September . : : 0-124 | October : . 0-048 | November : 0-367 | December 0-740 | Spring 0-467 | Summer . . 0-637 } Autumn : : : . 0-040 1 Winter : : : 0-427 | Winter Solstice . . : 0-339 | Equinoxes : : . : : . 0-286 | / Summer Solstice 0-513 |) i The Year DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF MaGnwetic Dip. Spring in the foregoing table consists of the months of February, March, and April. The means for the quarters may be taken as types of the months from which they are obtained. In winter the diurnal curve is double; it is probably double also in spring; these means only shew portions of a single curve in summer and autumn. In the mean for the year,— The maximum of dip occurs about 9" 30™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time. The minimum «++ --- 0.2 -seees eee eon 69 O™ Pime., In the mean for winter,-— The maximum oceurs about 10° 10™ a.m., Makerstoun mean time. The minimum occurs before 5" A.m., A secondary minimum occurs about 3° 1O™ p.m, +++ see eee eee A secondary maximum occurs after 9" P.M., +++ +++ eee see eee eee Nearly the same periods occur for spring, the minimum at 3" 10™ p.m. being the principal minimum ; the minimum occurs as late as 62 p.m. in summer, In order, if possible, to obtain the periods of maxima or minima not shewn in the 9 daily observations, the following table has been formed. , MAGNETIC Dip. 249 TABLE XXIII—Diurnal Variation of Magnetic Dip, deduced from Tables XII. and XIX. Winter Eaui Summer | 1842 and ott. Winter Equi Summer | 1842 and Solstice. | 11U7XS+| Solstice. 1843. .7T. | Solstice. | WLUPOXeS-| Solstice. | 1843. 0-499 0-000 0-735 0-514 0-509 . 0-877 0-484 0-345 0-955 0-125 1-013 0-733 0-354 0-282 0-450 0-207 0-468 0-238 0-264 1-136 0-240 0-324 0-587 0-235 0-054 0-623 0-248 0-000 0-659 0-457 0-182 1-147 0-307 0-360 1-549 0-389 , OCONAUBRWNHNH OS In winter the principal minimum occurs at 6" a.m., the secondary maximum about 10" p.m. The means are too irregular in the other periods to give the times of the secondary maximum and minimum ; in other re- spects they agree with those in Table XXII. RANGES OF THE MONTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP. The annual variation of the diurnal ranges seems to bear a similar relation to the sun’s declination, as the annual variation of atmospheric temperature does to it ; this will be seen distinctly if we place under the ranges of the diurnal variation of magnetic dip the ranges computed on the assumption that one degree of the sun’s altitude is equivalent to a diurnal range of 0’-05 of dip. Range. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. True OR OcO2) a 1-26 wheat 2h e260 2/79) 2/93) 2:68) 1 2c1P 170: 10°76 O74 Womputedynd/-69 1/09 . 1-63, 2°21 2:66 2°87 2°78 240. 1°86. 1:28 0°80 0°57 Thus, in the first half of the year, the true range is less than the computed, but in the second it is greater. If this similarity to the mean monthly increase of temperature should be found to hold for succeeding years, it is probable that no other connection will be found to exist; a glance at the mean temperatures for each month in 18438, in the succeeding abstracts, will shew that there is no distinct relation between range and temperature for that year ; there will, however, be evidence of some cause of retardation of the solar influence which produces the diurnal motion of the needle. The diurnal variation of dip is about 0:7 in winter, and four times as great in summer; the mean of all the monthly ranges is 1:75, the diurnal range of the mean for the year being 1/55. MAG. AND MET. oss. 18438. TABLE XXIV.—Variations of Magnetic Dip, with reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth, as deduced from Tables IX. and XVI. Moon’s Age. ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Variations of Moon Magnetic | Dip. 0-150 14 ce Variations of Magnetic Dip. After | Variations Moon of farthest | Magnetic North. Dip. Days. 0) 0-178 1 0-189 2 0-164 3 0-154 4 0-392 i) 0:374 6 0-340 a 0-251 8 0-127 9 0-164 10 0-260 11 0-000 12 0-136 13 0-147 After | Variations Moon of farthest | Magnetic North. Dip. Days. f 14 0-157 15 0-187 16 0-251 17 0-200 18 0-134 19 0-080 20 0-046 21 0-184 22 0-085 23 0-143 24 0-121 25 0-142 26 0-200 27 0-172 Before | Variations and after Perigee. Days. NOuPwnwortrewowrhuayN of Magnetic Dip. 0-115 0-179 0-273 0-438 0-312 0-166 0-245 0-204 0-155 0-181 0-214 0-154 0-103 0-029 0-167 Before and after Apogee. Days. 6 5) 4 3 2 1 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 U VARIATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s AGE. Variations of Magnetic Dip. 0-263 0-326 0-161 0-223 0-142 0-179 0-136 0-240 0-000 0-115 0-136 0-204 0-192 0-089 0-092 A glance at the quantities in the first portion of Table XXTV. will at once shew that the dip 2s a maximum when the sun and moon are in opposition, and that it is a minimum when they are in conjunction. This result is perhaps more distinct in the following Means of Groups. 14 days to 16 ae Full Moon, 0’:249 2 days to 1 2p New Moon, 0114 Lf ase 20 Oie2 O 2B icine 2 aie et ay 0-076 Die aastaats 24 0°112 ; siamese wg 0':257 DOr rceyleree 28 0'-090 UDvndesers MG} 0':290 The maximum of dip occurs in these means rather before full moon, and there is an indication of a secondary maximum at the time of new moon, the mimima occurring immediately before and after ; this indication of a secondary maximum is probably too indistinct to be trusted. VARIATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. Means of Groups. of days to 1 pe Moon farthest North, 0-180 13 days to 15 days, Moon farthest South, 0°164 SH A0UT 5. 0"271 16 19 0° 166 3 masters 37 0°239 20F ase 22 0105 MP asRooee Mp AS 0140 245 Hasabote. 26 0°151 The result from these means does not seem very distinct ; on the whole, there seems to. be a maximum of dip about the time the moon is on the equator moving southwards, and a minimum about the time it is on the equator moving northwards. bo oe TotaL MAGNETIC FORCE. VARIATIONS OF MAGNETIC DIP, WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DISTANCE FROM THE EARTH. Means of Groups. 6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0’-119 6 days after Perigee to 6 days before Sap 0’-197 5 days to 2 days before Perigee, . 5 0':297 5 days to 2 days before Apogee, . 0176 1 day before to 1 day after Perigee, : 0’:201 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, : 07125 2 days to 5 days after Perigee, : 0163 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, 5 ; 0162 TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE. The following results are deduced from the variations of the horizontal and vertical components by means of the formula AVBye AY) ang FAY Wg Ag Rr iY ( ) R Si , A X where _ is the quantity in the following tables, a= and ~~ a the quantities in the tables for the vertical and horizontal components respectively, and 0 the magnetic dip = 71° 18. SECULAR CHANGE OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE. From the mean secular changes for the two components of magnetic force, pages 235 and 245, we obtain Mean Secular Change of the Total Force, 1842 to 1843, = 0-001587. ANNUAL PERIOD OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE. From the quantities, pages 231 and 241, exhibiting the annual periods of the two components of magnetic force (the secular change being eliminated), the following quantities have been obtained, which shew the varia- tions of the total magnetic force for the different months of the year. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0-000 | 406 358 127 000 036 257 248 227 058 156 3138 395 These quantities indicate maxima of the total force about the periods of the solstices, and minima about the periods of the equinoxes. One minimum occurs after the vernal euqinox, and the maximum at the winter solstice is greater than that at the summer solstice. TABLE XXV.—Diurnal Variations of the Total Force of the Earth’s Magnetism, Geese from Tables XI. and XVIII. Period. Range. peer ~~ IF o000 | 0-000 | 0-000 | 0-000 | 0-000 0-000 | 0-000 | 0-000 0-000 January 000 052 032 058 150 159 144 159 February 000 | 078 | 031 025 194 | 219 | 156 219 March 063 | 107 | 063 000 304 | 325 | 206 325 April 034 076 045 000 658 494 250 658 May 151 168 085 000 434 471 182 471 June 144 171 | 070 000 385 411 309 411 July 057 105 041 000 450 455 271 455 August 095 | 136 | 082 000 459 | 417 | 288 459 284 205 081 284 September 000 | 089 | 048 006 252 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XXV.—Continued. Period. 18h, : DPR AY | OB ps 0.000 0-000 0-600 0-000 October 000 040 November 000 —011 | 009 December 000 — 006 Spring 024 Summer 118 Autumn 016 Winter 000 Winter Solstice 000 Equinoxes 013 Summer Solstice |} 112 The Year 032 DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE. Spring, in the foregoing table, consists of the months of February, March, and April. The diurnal curve is double in each month of the year. In the mean for the year,— The principal maximum occurs about 6" p.m., Makerstoun mean time. A minimum occurs about LIB 10™ am, on. esc eecceesescencces A secondary maximum occurs about 72 10™ A.M., .........seeceeeeeees A minimum occurs between 9" p.m. and 5 A.M,,.....cc02.ssoceesseecers These observations do not shew the period of this minimum, nor whether it is secondary or principal. The principal maximum occurs as late as 7" p.m. in winter and in summer, and as early as 4% and 5? p.m. in some of the months about the equinoxes. The secondary maximum occurs at the same hour, 7* 10™ a.m., throughout the year. In the winter months, the principal minimum occurs between 9" 10™ p.m., and 5b 10™ a.m. The minimum near noon occurs about 95 40™ a.m. in mid-winter, and about 115 10™ a.m. in mid-summer. The following table has been formed in order to obtain, if possible, the period of the earliest minimum. TABLE XXVI.—Diurnal Variations of the Total Force of the Earth’s Magnetism, deduced from Tables XII. and XIX. rott. Jinter A Summer Gott. Winter i Summer wee sean EIEN Cee Solstice. Mean, M.T. | Solstice. Equinoxes. Solstice. Mean. ui. 0-000 0-000 0-000 0000. H. 0-000 0-000 0-000 0-000 10 213 600 281 355 22 081 397 168 206 11 152 509 260 298 23 077 375 120 181 12 045 413 177 202 (0) 102 378 104 186 13 000 010 049 O11 1 160 398 133 221 14 029 000 000 000 2 197 443 257 290 15 071 045 006 031 3 214 535 331 351 16 064 014 046 032 4 240 649 389 417 17 044 148 145 103 5 237 698 418 442 18 062 278 169 161 6 216 744 460 464 19 096 382 209 220 7 195 726 503 465 20 090 444 188 231 8 180 622 506 427 Bes 106 461 188 242 | 9 168 533 | 475 | 383 A e TotAL MAGNETIC FoRCcE. 253 From this table, the principal minimum occurs about 1" 10™ a.m. in the mean for the year, about midnight in winter, and about 2" a.m. at the equinoxes and in summer. The results from Table XXVI. differ little from those deduced from§Table XXV. The secondary maxi- mum occurs earlier in summer than at the other periods, namely, about 6" a.m. in summer, and about 8" a.m. in winter and at the solstices. The following are the periods for the year :— The principal maximum occurs at 6" p.m., | Makerstoun mean time. The principal minimum occurs at 1" 10™ a.m., ....... meiteseneereceses A secondary maximum occurs at GHENT Sage oe ae te re A secondary minimum occurs at 10" 40™ a.M., RANGES OF THE MonTHLY MEANS OF THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE. It is evident, from the previous results, that the quantities in the last column of Table XXV. are not at all the diurnal ranges, as the minimum occurs near midnight. From Table XXVI., however, it appears that the range of the mean diurnal curve for the months about the winter solstice is 0000240, about the equinoxes is 0:000744, and about the summer solstice is 0:000506 ; or, that the ranges are nearly in the following ratio :— Winter Solstice : Summer Solstice : Equinoxes = 1: 2: 3. TABLE XXVII.—Variations of the Total Force of the Earth’s Magnetism with reference to the Moon’s Age, Declination, and Distance from the Earth, as deduced from Tables IX. and XVI. Variations Variations || After | Variations| After | Variations|| Before | Variations| Before | Variations Moon’s of Moon’s of | Moon of Moon of and of and of Age. | Magnetic | Age. | Magnetic || farthest] Magnetic |farthest| Magnetic || After | Magnetic | After | Magnetic Force. Force. North. Force. North. Force. ||Perigee.| Force. |Apogee.| Force. Days. 0-000 Days 0-000 Days. 0:000 Days. 0-000 Days. 0-000 Days. 0:000 15 037 0 040 0 130 14 073 7 107 7 052 16 058 1 025 1 087 15 057 6 086 6 022 17 073 2 066 2 146 16 033 5 164 5 051 18 064 3 083 3 092 17 005 4 058 4 045 19 048 4 049 4 064 18 033 3 040 3 027 20 082 i) 042 5 035 19 017 2 062 7 025 21 087 6 145 6 041 20 027 1 083 1 040 22 071 a 040 7 056 21 009 Ie 053 A 031 23 076 8 067 8 066 22 O15 1 056 1 000 24 073 9 048 9 042 23 028 2 087 2 035 25 095 10 036 10 026 24 000 3 084 3 051 26 084 11 053 11 043 25 060 4 076 4 094 27 049 12 001 12 053 26 037 5 080 5 095 28 154 13 000 13 087 27 085 6 043 6 120 29 058 14 016 7 047 7 101 VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE MOON’S AGE. Means of Groups. 14 days to 16 days, Full Moon, 0:000037 29 days to 1 day, New Moon, 0:000041 le ee OX) Bo! 0-000067 Dies Bis 0-000060 Osha OY be 0000077 Greatest One: 0-000075 DBP: ast sce OL) eae ©:000095) | 10 °:.-:-. 130s: 0000022 From these means the total force is a minimum when the sun and moon are in opposition and in conjunction, and a maximum about the quadratures. The principal minimum occurs at the time of full moon. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 35 254 northwards ; ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DECLINATION. 27 days to 1 ap Moon farthest North, 0:000101 0:000084 | 16 .... 0:000058 | 20 .... 0:000041 | 23 Means of Groups. eee 13 days to 15 ae Moon farthest South, 0:000072 0:000022 0:000017 0:000031 There seem, therefore, to be mazima of the total magnetic force when the moon has its greatest north and south declinations, and minima about the time when the moon is on the equator. when the moon has its greatest north declination, and the principal minimum when it is on the equator moving The principal maximum occurs the secondary maximum and minimum are not shewn so distinctly. VARIATIONS OF THE TOTAL MAGNETIC FORCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE Moon’s DISTANCE FROM 6 days after Apogee to 6 days before Perigee, 0:000108 5 days to 2 days before Perigee, 1 day before to 1 day after Perigee 2 days to 5 days after Perigee, peeoe EXTREME POSITIONS. Means of Groups. 0:000081 0:000064 0:000082 THE EARTH. DQ seer ereaaree feces ee ee 6 days after Perigee to 6 days after Apogee, 0-000041 5 days to 2 days before Apogee 1 day before to 1 day after Apogee, 2 days to 5 days after Apogee, 0:000037 0:000024 0:000069 TABLE XXVIII.—Differences of the Extreme Readings of the Three Magnetometers from the Monthly Means for the Hours at which they occurred, for each Month in 1843, as deduced from the Nine Daily Observations, together with the Ranges of the Three Magnetic Elements in each Month. Westerly Declination. Bifilar Magnetometer. Balance Magnetometer. Ranges. pies Greater than Less than Reading greater; Reading less Reading greater Mean. Mean. than Mean. than Mean. than Mean. ji 843. N d. h. ; d. h. : d. h.| Se. Div. : d. ii h. | Se. Diy. a ; h. Mic. Dive d. Jan. | 16 2/4 4-15/23 8]-- 464/16 6)+ 9-4|/28 8/—12-9]28 6/4 85-0) 27 Feb. | 24 4/+15-95| 6 10)/—36-75 | 12 20|+10-0|14 10)—14:5] 24 8/+4123-9} 13 Mar. | 7 4/+10-94)29 10}/—15-41)}18 6)/419-4) 7 8|—24-8|) 7 8/4292-7)31 Apr. 6 2)+10-79| 6 10/—12-85] 5 6/+43-9| 5 10/—68-8] 5 6/4+344-0| 5 § May |}26 2/+ 4-22} 6 10|—18-44/}10 6/+18-4] 6 10|—79-1] 15 10)+ 79-8] 6 June | 30 2/+ 7-96)29 20!— 6-50] 30 6/+13-3/11 22/—10-6]13 6|+ 53-7] 4 July |} 25 2/+ 5-55) 24 10)/—26-31] 25 4/+96-2]24 22)-—42.0//25 4/+246-1] 0 Aug. | 22 2|/+ 4:23) 4 6/- 8-79] 4 6/+22-6| 8 18/—36. 4 6/+116-1] 8 Sept. 1 20)+13-00)18 10}/— 9-11] 23 6)+17-4/18 22)—164] 5 6]+ 51:5 | 27 Oct. 5 O}+ 6-16]26 10)—17-63] 16 10}+38-1] 4 22 | = iG 26 6/+ 90:8) 4 Nov. | 6 Oj/+ 5:89] 3 S]— 4.22/24 2/4108] 3 0|/-10-3] 3 2/+ 32-6] 2 Dec. | 12 2/+ 5-45])11 8}/-—11-22 3 20/+15-1) 8 10/—18-6) 8 8/4 94-5) 10 Reading less | than Mean. Decli- -| Mic. Div. , — 44:5 ~ 153-0 || 19-86 46-2 | 24.90 — 63-8 | 31-39 20:3 14-20 46-2 | 21- 82 Horizontal nation. Jcomponent 0:00239 -00267 -00474 -01265 ‘01069 00474 | -01627 00744 -00508 00617 -00335 | “00412 | Vertical component. (0-00138 -O0171 | .00335 00452 00303 00097 00291 00268 00115 -00165 00068 00153 ~) EXTREME POSITIONS. 255 b XXIX.—Differences of the Extreme Readings of the Three Magnetometers from the Monthly Means during the Extra Observations in 1843, together with the Ranges of the Three Magnetic Elements during each of the Observed Disturbances. Westerly Declination. Bifilar Magnetometer. Balance Magnetometer. Ranges. Greater than Less than Reading greater} Reading less Reading greater} Reading less Declina- | Horizontal Vertical Mean. Mean. than Mean. than Mean. than Mean. than Mean. tion. component. | component. Mic. Diy. . | Mic. Div. x18 yet 0:00242 0:00031 -00314 *00076 00247 *00059 °001385 09006 00438 00043 "00203 ‘00014 00438 ‘00169 “00602 00021 00169 00030 *00708 ‘00168 “00510 00260 -00200 00030 00254 -00010 00367 00021 00731 “00519 00465 “00072 “00260 “00014 00383 “00029 00506 00249 02927 00755 °01445 *00507 “00609 “00125 00203 ‘00062 00423 00134 00308 00057 °00177 00073 04278 “00902 00155 “00081 00665 00048 “00389 00129 “00449 00038 00429 00060 *00032 06068 “00014 “00004 wo: ied i aOmoodOogn = = : NTE ORDNCONDWDOOHN. ro red SCOONOON tet t+ ttteee ett a ae = or ala Ss f=) i a ONDOHH bo NOMANONANHYHNACHAKAWIAIRMWAOWwWMOOdOP, eb me bo bo DODONKMFPOCOHDHANOAADHLEUDNWNADANOAWOD $+tett +e t¢tte+rses ODA KH DOM ONHENDNIDAHWH Hm OO: Dow: bo bo? On: bo ARON: [~ 5 NOQ- He OUR © 0D HE tS OO 0 09 a NO = CNHNOMRPDHHO: DEP RDWOODONORMNOM: No: ARDDOMAHDHONOM: onmnnwmnoddr~aTtnys: _ (Jv) ise bot i + 256 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XXX.—Differences of the Extreme Readings of the Three Magnetometers from the Monthly Means, for the Hours at which the Extreme Readings occurred during the Term-Day Obser- tions in 1848, together with the Ranges of the Three Magnetic Elements during each Term-Day. Westerly Declination. Bifilar Magnetometer. Balance Magnetometer. Ranges. ] Date. di ’ Readi : 3 Greater than Less than a ie n | Reading less cSermret Reading less ||Declina-|Hor. Comp.|/Ver. Comp. Mean Mean Brewver w0e2 | than Mean. || ® than Mean tion. | of Force. | of Force ? ; Mean. i Mean. 3 ‘ : : 1843. h. 4 h. e h. | Se. Div. h. | Se. Div. h. |Mic.Div.| h. | Mic. Div. 2 X=1. Y=1. Jan, 18, 19 1 |+ 4-05) 11 |-— 5-32] 12 |+ 9-6} O |}|— 6-5] 10 |4+ 7-1) 20 |— 15-0} 13-59 | 0-00194 | 0.00031 j Feb. 24, 25 || 11 |+ 16-00] 13 |— 7-35] 11 |4+ 7-3} 12 |—41-3]) 11 |4+30-9| 13 |—101-6] 23.91 | -00501 | -00124 ) Mar. 22, 23 1 |+ 4-61 wT | = a aS bo _— eo +26-:8} 13 |— 8-8] 7 |+ 8-1] 14 |— 86-3) 19-90 | -00363 | -00114 | Apr. 19, 20 2/— 1:91] 21 }- 3-39] 7 |/+ 41) O}-— 2:0] 8 |— 8-6; 2{—- 0-7} 10-95 | -00263 | -00028 | May 26, 27 2|+ 0-26} 10 |—15-30] 10 |4+20-5| 22 |—-13-9]| 9 |4+ 7-0) 10 |— 88-3] 22-74 | -00489 | -00096 June 21, 22 |} --- | ceeees cee | see eee 7 |+ 3-8] 19 |— 3-7]) 20 |4+ 0-5} O|— 18-4]! -----. -00231 | -00031 | July 19, 20 1 |- 0-77] 20 |— 2-95] 8 ]/-— 1-3] O/}- 1-0] 21 |+ 9-6} 1 ]— 5-8}10-69 | -00249 | -00017 } Aug. 25, 26 1 2:19} 9|/— 6-08} 9 |]+ 7-2} 23 |— 7-2] 5 |+28-9| 16 |— 28-1] 15-17 | -00388 | -00063 | Oct. 18, 19 || 16 aL | Sept. 20,21 | 14 |+ 646) 7 |—16-55)]) 5 }+11-3} 23 |— 8-9] 7 |416-8| 15 |—148-5|/ 31-00 | -00396 | -00176 + 9-33] 9 |- 6-68] 16 }4+21-0| 22 |+ 4.6] 22 |+ 1-9} 16 —117-7 | 16-80 -00283 | -00127 a | Nov. 24, 25 || 13 4-89) 12 |— 1-14] 10 |+14-0} 0 0:0} 5 |+12-0|} 16 |- 7-2] 6-03 | -00170 | -00032 Dec. 20, 21 2/— 1-34] 10 |— 6-84]) 12 |+12-1}/ 8 /-— 2-0] 3 |4+ 1-5) 10 |— 21-3] 11-23 | -00124 | -00021 When the hours at which the extreme positions occur are between 10 Gott. and 18" Gott., approximate means have been taken, in order to deduce the differences between the extreme position and the mean position. The differences of the greatest and least readings in the year from the monthly means for the hours at which the extremes occurred, together with the ranges for the year, are as follow :— . From the Daily Observations, | West Declination, greatest, Feb. 244 4h, +1595; least, Feb. 64 10%, — 36°75; Range of Declination =59°29. : Bifilar Magnetometer Reading, greatest, July 254 4h, + 96:2 Sc. div.; least, May 62 10%, —79:1 Sc. div.; Range of Hor. comp. =0°01839. : Balance Magnetometer Reading, greatest, April 54 6, +344:0 Mic. div.; least, May 64 10", — 257-2 Mic. div.; Range of Ver. comp. =0:00599. From the Extra Observations, and from all the Observations. West Declination, greatest, April 54 7%, 4.3543; least, May 64 12h, — 90°29; Range of Declination =126"91. Bifilar Magnetometer Reading, greatest, April 54 54, +151-:0 Sc. div.; least, May 64 11», — 417-0 Se. div.; Range of Hor. comp. =0:05678, Halance Magnetometer Reading, greatest, April 54 64, 4517-8 Mic. div.; least, May 64 11", — 6855 Mic. div.; Range of Ver. comp. =0-01141. From the Term-Day Observations. West Declination, greatest, Feb, 24¢ 11", +16°00; least, Sept. 21¢ 7%, —16"55; Range of Declination =32"98. Nifilar Magnetometer Reading, greatest, Oct. 184 164, +21-0 Se. div.; least, Feb, 24¢ 12h, —41°3 Sc. div.; Range of Hor. comp. =0°00789. Ialance Magnetometer Reading, greatest, Feb, 244 11%, +30°9 Mic. diy.; least, Sept. 204 15, — 148-5 Mic. div.; Range of Ver. comp. =0:00321. EXTREME POSITIONS. 257 TABLE XXXI.—Means of the Quantities in the three preceding Tables for periods of Three Months, and for the Year 1843, with the Mean Positive and Negative Excesses of the Excursions of the Magnets. West Declination. Bifilar Magnetometer. || Balance Magnetometer. Ranges. Period. Above | Below E Above | Below E Above | Below — Declina- Hor. Ver. Mean. | Mean. xcess- || Mean. | Mean. | ~*°°SS:/ Mean. | Mean. a CceS ule tions Comp. Comp. Observations. rn = ——— tr 4 4 - | Se. Div. | Se. Div. || Mic. Div.| Mic. Div.| Mic. Div. D.C alt Yel Spring 12.54 | 21-67 |— 9-13 36-0 |—11-6 || 253-7 | 68-5 |4+185-2 0-00669 | 0-00319 Summer 5-91] 17-08 |—11-17 43-9 1-3 || 126-5 | 117-5 : 0-01057 | 0.00230 Autumn 7-80 | 11-84 4-04 20-7 5:3 . 87-7 . 0-00623 | 0-00183 Winter 5-16} 6-69 1-53 : . 2-1 37-0 0-00329 | 0-00118 The Year | 7-86] 14-32 . . . 2-4 77-6 . 0-00669 | 0-00212 Spring 6.23] 7-39 4:7|| 10-1 | 62-9 0:00376 | 000089 Summer |—0-25] 9-12 : : : 1:5 : 37°5 : 0-:00323 | 0.00048 Autumn 5-99| 9-77 : : 9-4 : 98-1 . 0-00356 | 0-00122 Winter 2-53 | 4:43 : : . 9-1 . 14-5 : 0:00163 | 0.00028 Term-Day. The Year . 7-55 : . . 3-9 : : : 0-00304 | 0-00072 Spring . 13-50 |— 7-19 . : 1-7 : p : 0-00529 | 0.00143 Summer 16-22 |—11-13 . : : 0-007 28 | 0.00158 | | Autumn : 7:60 |+ 0-41 : : . : . 0:00436 | 0.00089 Winter 11-00 |— 6-47 : . : 0 : 0-00273 | 0-00060 The Year : 12-41 |}— 5-88 : . . . : 0:00507 | 0-00121 The foregoing Table has been formed from the three preceding it by taking the means of the excesses or defects, and ranges, for periods of three months. The extremes, given in Tables XXVIII. and XXIX., are evidently imperfect, as the observations include only a limited portion of the 24 hours; the conclusions to be drawn from the previous Table must, therefore, be very restricted. From all the observations, the excursions of the declination-needle towards the east are shewn to exceed those towards the west; they all agree also in making this excess greatest in Summer. The results of the horizontal component differ in the three kinds of observations ; on the whole, the devia- tions from the mean seem to be more negative than positive. For the vertical component, it has already been shewn that no result for ranges can be trusted that does not include observations between midnight and sunrise. The term-day observations which include the 24 hours give the excess negative; and although the number of days from which this result is obtained are few, yet it is true for 9 out of the 12 term-days, and for the remaining 3 the positive excess is very trifling. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1848. out 258 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XX XII.—Differences of the greatest and least Daily Means of Magnetic Declination, and of the Horizontal and Vertical Components of Magnetic Force, from the Monthly Means for each Month in 1848, together with the Monthly Ranges of the Daily Means. Westerly Declination. Horizontal Component. Vertical Component. Ranges, Month. im im a eat) Day: aro] Day. |aece |. Dey. lancer | D8 liseass (2: ames | (a8) es laeeeeull epee gee ve — ee —| | / / 3 0:09 0:00 0-00 0:00 G | 0:00 January 20 | 3-34 12 | 2-27 16 | 0614 23 | 0423 11 |0200 23 |0240]| 5-61 | 1037 February 24. | 3-28 6 14:07 | 4 | 0628 14 |0511 24 |0223 28 | 0107 || 7-35 | 1139 March i 7 |3-50 29 | 2-61 22 |0528 16 | 0542 7 | 0663 31 |0432|| 6-11 | 1070 April 6 | 3-54 20 | 1-72 29 | 0453 6 |0814 5 1.0527 25 |0197 || 5-26 | 1267 May 30 | 2-11 6 | 1-97 29 | 0952 8 |1391 12 |0139 6 |0266|| 4-08 | 2343 ; June 14 | 2-95 20 | 4-24 10 | 0596 8 | 0491 17 |0199 22 |0114|| 7-19 | 1087 July 8 | 3°23 24 | 3-62 24 |1176 26 |0801 25 10744 27 | 0205 6-85 | 1977 August 22 | 3-63 24 | 1-79 3 | 0689 9 |0803 22 10487 9 |0406 5-42 | 1492 September 28 | 3-11 21 | 1-70 18 | 0637 5 | 0527 11 |0147 30 |0264]) 4-81 | 1164 October 3 | 2-51 19 | 3-20 19 | 0518 2 | 0543 17 |.0377 7 |0442]|| 5-71 | 1061 November 6 | 2-99 30 | 2-30 24 | 0741 8 | 0734 15 |0156 22 |0144]} 5-29 | 1475 December 6 | 1-87 1 |2-11 25 | 0465 8 |0519 2 |0163 25 |0120)| 3-98 | 0984 The Year | Jan. 20 |6-50 | Nov. 30 | 5-53 Dec. 25 | 2048 Apr. 6 |1776|| Jan. 11 | 1205 | Dec. 25 | 0848 || 12-03 | 3824 The last line in the above Table contains the difference of the greatest and least daily means from the mean for the year. Westerly Declination.—In opposition to the result obtained for the single observations, Table XXXI., the daily means deviate farther to the west of the mean than to the east of it. The mean of the greatest daily means in each month is 300 above the mean. The mean of the least daily means in each month is 263 below the mean. The greatest deviation of a daily mean to the west of the mean for the month is 3/63, occurring on August 22; the greatest deviation of a daily mean to the east of the monthly mean occurs on June 24, being 4/-24. The greatest deviation of a weekly mean, as given Table I., to the west of the mean for the year, is 4-11, occurring January 19—25 ; the greatest deviation of a weekly mean to the east of the mean for the year oceurs December 21—27, being 4’-30. The greatest range of the daily means for any month is that for February, being 7°35; the least is that for December, being 3°98. The whole range of the daily means for the year is 12’-03. Horizontal Component.—The mean of the greatest daily means in each month is 0:000666 above the monthly means, the whole horizontal component being unity ; the mean of the least daily means in each month is 0:000675 below the monthly means. The greatest excess of a daily mean above the monthly mean is 0:001176, occurring July 24; the greatest defect of a daily mean from the monthly mean occurs May 8, being 0-001391. The greatest excess of a weekly mean, as given Table VIII., above the mean for the year, occurs December 21—27, being 0-004500 ; and the greatest defect of a weekly mean from the mean for the year occurs April 6—12, being 0-001304. The greatest range of the daily means for any month is that for May, being 0-002343 ; the least is that for December, being 0°000984. The range of the daily means for the whole year is 0:00382¢. Vertical Component.—The mean of the greatest daily means in each month is 0:000335 above the monthly means, the whole vertical component being unity. The mean of the least daily means in each month is 0:000245 below the monthly means. The greatest excess of a daily mean above a monthly mean is that for July 25, being 0-000744; the greatest defect of a daily mean from a monthly mean is that for March 31, being 0:000432 below the mean | for the month. The greatest excess of a weekly mean, as given Table XV., above the mean for the year, occurs January 5 | —11, being 0:001056 ; the greatest defect of a weekly mean from the mean for the year occurs December 21 —27, being 0:000792. The greatest range of the daily means for any month is that for March, being 0°001095 ; the least is that for December, being 0:000283, The whole range of the daily means for the year is 0°002053. EXTREME .POSITIONS. 259 TABLE XXXIII.—Greatest and Least Diurnal Ranges of the Magnetic Declination, Horizontal and Vertical Components of Magnetic Force, for each Month in 1848, as obtained from Tables VL.. XITI., and XX. Declination. Horizontal Component. Vertical Component. Greatest Greatest Least Greatest Least 5 Ri ; R Day. Rang : Ri Range. 5 ange. Range. ange. ange. 0-0 a 0-00 January . . | 0227 1331 February 03 . 0210 1483 March : . | 0346 3300 April 3- | 1265 3738 May : ; 6 | 0939 2713 June 0691 July 2258 August 1536 September 0896 October 1011 November 0681 December 1177 bo bo 1 00 [oer bo OwounhawQan INCLINOMETER. TABLE XXXIV.—Monthly Means of the Observations of the Inclinometer for the Magnetic Dip. No. of Observations. Magnetic Dip. Month. A.M. P.M. 23 Gottingen. 4h Gottingen. Mean of all. 1843. % i © if : f January 5 4 71 20-94 71 21-69 71 21-27 February 4 3 Tl PEIN, 71 21-90 71 22-62 March 2 5 71 21-46 71 22.29 71 22.04 April 4 3 71 21-76 71 22-85 71 22.23 May 2) 4 71 22-40 71 22-57 Tle 22252 June 5 5 Ge 23-67 71 23-65 71 23-66 July 3 4 71 25-64 71 29-50 71° 27-85 August 4 5 71 23-67 71 19-53 71 21-37 September 1 2 71 25-94 71 21-43 71 22-94 October 2 2) 71 30-40 71 27-06 71 28-73 November 2 4 71 25-58 71 26-20 71 25-99 December 4 5 71 25-32 71 26-27 71 25-85 The Year 38 46 71 23-72 71 23-69 71 23-70 The inclinometer worked very imperfectly after the month of June, see Introduction, § 8. No correction has been applied for the error of axle, as in the previous year, when a correction of — 12’ was made. The mean aneeueue ape for the oat six months of 1842, uncorrected, was 7. 1 24-39 sees --- 1843, seoveeee IS 71 22-39 Bee Mee tar eeu atte sits hee hd 1842, stoceeseseee was 71 23°95 Rey Nee reece lc ease vos 1GYIBN cos woodenana ys Hg Al eB B7(0) x : — ~~ = 5 . - SO; Semenes Sn pos. i 2 ‘ x ‘ = « ‘ 264 5 ‘ . "= 5 is i By; I rE be mi : tne J \ it zs Ky ' \ t \ ‘ : ‘ ‘ ABSTRACTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, MADE AT THE OBSERVATORY OF GENERAL SIR T. M. BRISBANE, Barr., MAKERSTOUN. 1845. MAG. AND MET. OBS, 1845. 200 OMNAunsBwnwne Mean 262 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. In the following Tables, containing Daily Means, the places of the Sundays are occupied, as in the pre- vious Tables of Magnetical Observations, by the means of the three preceding and three succeeding days ; these means are considered as approximate weekly means, and have mot been used in summations as approximate means for the Sundays. Different methods have been adopted in order to obtain good approximate daily means from the nine daily observations ; these will be found described after the various Tables. Means obtained by these methods have been compared with the actual means where a complete series of two-hourly observations has been made, and they have been found to differ very little. In the following Tables, Spring has been considered as composed of the months of March, April, and May, and so on for the other seasons. TABLE L—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Temperature of the Air, as deduced from the Readings of the Dry Bulb Thermometer for 1848. or | ean] oN ON OT ON on pay (ea Or or Or Or U1 SD Or Or aBnwnonrekhanwaawed DRTRAPARAA or or [o¢) The daily means, T, contained in Table I., were obtained from the nine daily observations as follows :— S being the sum of the nine observations, 18 the observation at 18", 10 at 10", then pa S+2x18 4+ 10 = ek Roe For the first week in January, the mean of the observations at 20> and 5" was taken for the mean of the day ; and the second week, S being the sum of eight observations only, 3 x 20 was substituted for 2 x 18 in the pre- vious formula. January. | February. April. c st. October. | November.| December. TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. 263 nd TABLE I[].—Means of the Maximum and Minimum Temperature of the Air for each Day in 18438, as deduced from the Self-Registering Thermometers. Civil Day. January. fo) 1 33-0 2 32-0 3 32-8 4 39-02 5 39-5 6 37-5 7 37-5 8 31:5 9 31-9 10 35:3 11 33-2 12 26-1 13 29-2 14 34-8 (6) 8) ikonoosn 1(6) = \\ > @eoded 17 37-2 18 43:2 19 44-3 20 43-2 21 35-1 22 35-7 23 40-0 24 45-0 25 45-3 26 45-3 27 49-0 28 47-5 29 48-0 30 47-0 31 46-5 Mean 38-7 February. ° 41-1 39-0 32-3 33-4 March. 50-5 April. May. 51-5 46-2 52-5 44-8 50-2 48-3 44-4 50-1 45-8 46-1 44-7 47-2 45-8 49-3 41-9 45-3 39-1 47-1 35-1 44-4 35-7 48.4 35-0 47-8 34-2 54-0 45:3 54:6 50-5 45-8 50-5 45-2 52-1 44-7 49-0 44.3 55:5 40-9 ‘46-4 | 49-0 50-5 45-1 48-9 45:3 45-1 46-2 44-3 47-7 45-8 47-8 42-9 51-1 44-8 51-7 46-4 46-0 43-7 43-1 49.2 47-3 45-3 45-6 47-1 June. ° 45-7 July. ODDNBDOODHE NO 0 r Or Or Or Or Or Or Ot Cr GD Or On y WIDOW OWHHAThwO August. September. fe} 62-1 64-9 64-3 06-4 52-7 61-6 56-2 58-7 62-0 58-7 62-6 64-3 00-4 51-6 61-1 59-7 58-8 57-3 51-8 57-7 61-0 54-0 09:0 57-1 48-3 46-5 44-5 44.7 42-4 09°) 56-2 October. fe} 59-7 53-9 48-5 56-4 58-6 58-7 55:9 48-9 44-4 44:8 40-5 41-7 36-8 39-4 34:8 34-1 30-6 35:2 33-3 43-3 48:8 48-4 49-3 45-9 39-2 37-1 34-3 41-9 41-7 November.| December. a = 35-1 34-6 37-4 36-7 36-6 44-2 44-3 48-9 38-9 49-4 43-1 42:3 44-6 48-1 37-6 45-9 33-1 45-2 37-1 44-4 43-0 47-2 38-2 44-9 42-8 46-8 35:8 47-1 37-1 50-7 37-0 37-8 43-7 43-8 37-1 42-2 38-0 44-0 40-5 45-2 43-5 42-2 42-8 45-0 33-9 49-1 31-9 52-2 32-4 48-1 39-5 48-0 49.4 44-0 48-9 43-7 45-8 46-0 39-2 45-0 44-6 39-6 45-1 Annual Variation of Temperature.—The mean temperature is least for the month of February and greatest for the month of August; the means for April, May, and December differ little from the mean for the year. The monthly means differ slightly in Tables I. and II.; one cause of this difference will evidently be found in the means for Sundays, included in Table II.; when these means are deleted, the monthly means from the self-registering thermometers are as follow :-— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. SOOM on a 400) 145-3) 4629 boo 57 oT -9) bb" 7° 4374 9 890"°8 44%9 These quantities differ from the means, Table I., from the observations of the dry bulb thermometer by Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. OR See Oeste lee Og ie On tment) 1 Or3 405-6. Or. alot) 00°? "= 0°:3 These differences evidently have a law, the amount being greatest near the equinoxes and least near the solstices. * * These differences and their variations are probably due to three causes; jirst, difference of exposure of the register and dry bulb thermometers ; second, difference in the form of the diurnal curve for the various months; third, less conducting power of the spirit of wine of the minimum thermometer than of the mercury of the maximum. From the last, the registered minimum will, in general, be higher than the true minimum, and so much the more when the change of temperature is most rapid, or when the diurnal range is greatest, namely, near the Equinoxes. See Table III. 264 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. If we apply a correction to the monthly means, Table I., for the Sunday means awanting, which may be derived with sufficient accuracy from a comparison of the monthly means from the self-registering thermometers, when the Sundays are included and omitted, we obtain the true means for 1843 as follow :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 38°°4.-333820..%¢ 393,444.29 0 4647 518 5648 507 2 bbe g 4028. 2 8Oe Aaa. Winter, 39°0 ; Spring, 43°°6 ; Summer, 55°°3; Autumn, 46°0. Mean Temperature for the year 1843 = 46°05. It is evident that, for the year 1843, the months of January, February, and March constitute the meteoro- logical season, Winter ; and July, August, and September constitute Summer. The means for this mode of grouping are— Jan., Feb., March, 36°°9; April, May, June, 47°°8; July, August, Sept., 56°6; Oct., Nov., Dec., 42°5. TABLE II.—Mean Temperature of the Air at the Observation Hours for each Month and Quarter of 1843. Period. 18, 20%. 22h, On, Qh, 4h, 6b, 8h, 10. Mean. || Range. oO oO a ie) | ° Ee fo} ny oO =| ° al ° a ° | ° ze ° January 38-10 | 37-81 | 38-07 | 39-80 | 40-60 | 40-05 | 39-30 | 38-54 | 38-07 || 38-72 2:79 February | 31-85 | 31-99 | 32-66 | 34-94 | 35-74 | 35-20 | 33-35 | 32-18 | 32-05 || 32-98 || 3.89 March 34-84 | 35-85 | 39-22 | 43-07 | 44-76 | 44-64 | 42-08 | 38-84 | 37-91 | 39-07 9-92 April 39-26 | 42-70 | 47-32 | 49-47 | 50-76 | 50-17 | 47-44 | 44-15 | 42-40 || 44-55 11-50 May 42-10 | 45-18 | 48-45 | 50-62 | 51-47 | 50-98 | 49-80 | 47-13 | 44-47 | 46-57 9-37 June 48-35 | 51-00 | 53-41 | 55-05 | 55-92 | 56-25 | 55-47 | 52-99 | 49-24 | 51-97 7-90 July 52-13 | 56-33 | 59-73 | 61-28 | 62-41 | 61-30 | 59-66 | 56-67 | 54-10 || 56-83 10-28 August 50-10 | 54-26 | 59-46 | 63-13 | 64-91 | 64-76 | 62-25 | 57-92 | 55-25 || 57-29 14-81 September 47-80 | 50-96 | 56-56 | 61-77 | 64-24 | 64:10 | 60-80 | 55:50 | 52-63 | 55-22 16-44 October 39-12 | 39-88 | 43-60 | 47-01 | 47-77 | 47-07 | 43-32 | 40-95 | 40-17 || 42-27 8-65 November 38-22 | 38-68 | 39-93 | 42-30 | 43-33 | 42.03 | 39-15 | 38-49 | 38-24 | 39.59 o-11 December 44-40 | 44-44 | 45-98 | 46-85 | 47-35 | 46-28 | 45-07 | 44-77 | 44-59 || 45-26 2-95 | Spring 38-73 | 41-24 | 45-00 | 47-72 | 49-00 | 48-60 | 46-44 | 43-37 | 41-59 || 43-40 || 10-27 Summer 50-19 | 53-86 | 57-53 | 59-82 | 61-08 | 60-77 | 59-13 | 55-86 | 52-86 || 55-36 || 10-89 Autumn 41-71 | 43-17 | 46-70 | 50-36 | 51-78 | 51-07 | 47-76 | 44-98 | 43-68 | 45-69 | 10-07 Winter 38:12 | 38-08 | 38-90 | 40-53 | 41-23 | 40-51 | 39-24 | 38-50 | 38-24 | 38-99 | 3-15 The Year 42:19 | 44-09 | 47-03 | 49-61 | 50-77 | 50-24 | 48-14 | 45-68 | 44.09 || 45-86 8-58 | In obtaining the means for the month of January, the observations in the first week were rejected ; no observation having been made at 18" in the second week, a correction was applied to the mean for that hour of —3°:29, obtained from Table I. as follows :— {Mean temp., Jan. 9—31 = 40°32 minus, mean temp., Jan, 16—31 = 43°81} = — 3°29. The means were afterwards corrected by —0°-9, in order to render the mean for the month similar to that obtained, Table I., from the whole month. Diurnal Variation of Temperature.—The period of minimum temperature is not indicated by the above observations. The maximum temperature occurs nearly at the following periods in the means for the four meteorological seasons :— Spring, maximum temperature, occurs at 1" 30™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time, Stmmery, 1. edocs Hacenee ee eee DEE 12k chek re eee Cee aCe . ARUN) has cacectes eens cece er eee 1 ERS J 5 RR Pen renee AT AR Uae ely Wanters 1 es88 sclelag bac llasd cath Se Neem ie 0 eee Ren ee cacy raha agi 4 MO he: Mears ih aciait ct nee eee eee BSS OY sae If we examine the monthly means separately, it will be found that the maximum occurs about the same time, namely, 1? 10™ in the months of January, February, May, July, October, November, and December, no TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. 65 and considerably later in the other months, being about 2" 40™ in June. astronomical quarters, we arrive at the following result :— If we group the months into the Spring, maximum temperature, occurs at 1" 40™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. SUMMED rere ccrecciscisie slersteerncs oe eal eieise TENS Oe ce haere oe nen es PAAGLIIIAN 565279 stele o 2telos siattacleahe cote aetna [IES 50 2 pea eae et A ee Me ASIC ET oko. wpa Ziciciclelainamaie Caen ea ai BROT cones see retin Ate Rea G r, that the maximum temperature occurs later in the day at the equinoxes than at the solstices, It will re- , e fiona Aiea ae ; quire other years observations to prove the generality of this fact ; but it seems to bear some relation, and that apparently not of difficult explanation, to the amount of the diurnal range of temperature. The mean temperature for the year occurs at 8° 22™ a.m. eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee The interval between these periods is 10" 37" The critical interval varies with each month, and is greatest in June, being 11" 46™, and least in Feb- ruary, being 82 11™. 65 59™ p.m. TABLE IV.—Errors of the Approximate Mean Temperatures for each Month and Quarter in 1843, deduced from one or two Daily Observations. Periods. January February March April May June July August September October November December Spring Summer Autumn Winter The Year 38-72 32-98 39-07 44.55 46-57 51-97 56-85 57-29 55-22 42.27 39-59 45-26 43-40 55:36 45-69 38-99 45:86 The 12 months. Mean of Errors Range of Errors Approximate Means (+) greater, or (—) less than true Means. 182 and 64, ° } — 0-02 | — 0:38 | —0-61 = 1-20 —0-62 — 0-06 — 0-94 Neil — 0-92 — 1.05 —0-91 —0-53 — 0-82 — 0-70 — 0-96 —0-31 — 0-70 0-70 1-18 19h and 64, ° — 0-10 — 0-34 — 0-36 — 0-34 +0-15 + 0-60 +0-11 — 0-08 —0-13 + 0-86 —0:79 — 0-52 —0-19 +0-21 — 0-59 — 0:32 — 0-25 0-36 1-65 20h and i pss 20h and 8h, ° —0-55 —0-90 =e} S18 — 0-42 + 0-02 = (0:33 Sey — 1-99 |— 1-86 Sei — 0-66 —1-10 — 0-50 — 1-66 — 0-70 — 0-98 0-98 2-01 The quantities given as the true means are from Table III. ; they must be very near the truth. obtained from Table II., after deleting the means for Sundays. 21h and 8h, oO — 0:48 — 0-73 — 0-88 +0-03 + 0-40 + 0-62 +0-52 +0-10 — 0-59 + 0-93 — 0-70 —0-27 —0-16 + 0-41 — 0-74 — 0-50 — 0-24 0-52 1-81 by taking the mean of the even hours between which the odd hours lie. The couple of hours best fitted for observations, in order to obtain the best approximation to the monthly means, must evidently be determined by QQh and Qk: ° — 0:54 — 0-59 — 0-28 + 0-74 +0-55 +0-61 +0-72 +0-73 +0-09 —0-19 — 0-45 + 0-07 — 0-34 + 0:58 — 0-18 — 0:36 + 0-09 22h and 104, fo} — 0-65 — 0-63 — 0-51 + 0-33 —0-11 — 0-65 + 0-08 + 0-06 — 0-63 —0-39 —0-51 + 0-02 = O11 —0-17 — 0-50 — 0-42 — 0-30 0-38 0-98 1st, The smallness of the mean of the monthly errors, 2d, The smallness of the range of the monthly errors. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1848. 23h and 104, fo} — 0-22 — 0-06 + 0-45 + 0:84 +0-43 — 0-24 +-0-47 +0-98 + 0-67 — 0-46 + 0-08 + 0-24 +0-57 + 0-40 +0-41 — 0-02 +0:34 0-43 1-44 | +0-23 +0-41 — 0-12 —0-17 — 0-21 — 0-27 — 0-13 — 0-68 — 0-44 +0-79 + 0-67 +0-36 —0-18 ~— 0:36 + 0-34 + 0-33 + 0-04 0-37 1-47 8h, oO —0-18 | —0-80| — 0-23 | — 0-40 | + 0-56 | + 1-02 —0-16} +0-63 { + 0-28 — 1-324 1-10) —0-03 | +0-50| Or 18 — 0-49 { —0-18 | 0-60 | 2.34 | they are, therefore, only approximate, but The errors of the mean from the maximum and minimum thermometer are The means for the odd hours were obtained 266 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. The smaller the second is the more nearly will the approximate curve resemble the true curve in form, and the smaller the first the more nearly will the approximate curve approach the true curve in position, In the foregoing Table, the range of the errors, and their mean for the 12 months (independent of sign), are given for each couple of hours. The hours which seem best to satisfy the two conditions are— 1st, 18" and 5" Gottingen, or 5° 10™ a.m. and 4? 10™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. 2G) 22> and. OB eoaeas. or: 92 Ot a areand... 921 O Ub pines ee eee eee Bd, 188 ands, 02 4.340 .0.; Orb? 10™ ain ands bP ehOm ranch hae ee eee eee oe 4th. V9) sand {\62 Gane ee or 62 102 a jands (oS 0M pies eke cere eeceeece Sth, Do opand sl Oe se chien, or 10210™ a.m. and 9210™ pm. ..... Noga aN tee ca Ne Gie 2 2) ander 9 Den ee or. 92 10™ Aas-and™ {820 O23 PM. | | cecae sh enon emcee The first couple of hours is considerably superior to any of the others, the mean of the errors being only 0°24, and their range only 0°-68, while the error for the year is only —0°:17. The second couple of hours is more convenient. For ordinary purposes, the maximum and minimum register thermometers seem sufficiently accurate.* TABLE V.—Diurnal Ranges of Temperature for each Civil Day in 1843, as deduced from the Observations of the Maximum and Minimum Register Thermometers. oe January. | February.}| March. April. May. June. July. August. |September.) October. |November.| December. fo) ° ° ie) ie) ° ° ie) ° ° ° ° i 9-2 7:3 10-9 13-7 28-5 5-7 16-9 12-0 17-6 11-4 17-7 8-4 2 4-4 1-1 8-2 13-6 19-0 19-5 17-0 13-9 16-8 11-0 15-9 22-8 3 24-1 403 8-4 11-9 20-0 3:5 9-6 17-0 12.4 19-8 18-0 12-0 4 4:9 17-3 21-0 13-1 23-2 6-9 20-9 20:0 13-9 16-0 20-4 5:9 5 3: 3-2 15-4 9-1 14.4 1-2 15-0 19-9 31:8 12.7 16-2 2-0 6 17-5 7:9 15-6 20:8 16-6 11-0 13:3 18-7 23-9 8-5 16-6 7-9 7 7:3 6:8 12-5 13-0 17.4 13-5 22.4 21-0 29-5 13-0 7:8 11-3 8 39 2-9 22-9 12-8 9-6 9-9 18:5 13-9 56:5 5:8 7:2 4-9 9 18-6 | veeees 19:3 9-6 9-5 7-9 12-1 17-4 29-3 18-0 11-2 8-0 10 5:3 6:5 12-1 13-7 9-5 12-5 15:3 21-3 24-6 8-6 8-9 11-5 11 5-0 6-2 22-5 17-1 24.9 12-9 12-7 23-7 15-6 8-0 11-1 78 12 11-0 4-7 9-9 22-5 22-6 4-0 21-7 23:8 15-7 6:5 10-1 8:8 13 17-4 8-0 8-7 10-8 9-0 8-6 13-7 27-9 21-0 17-0 8-7 2-7 14 2-0 2-6 18-6 24:0 16-4 17-1 23-3 27-5 28-3 13-8 14-6 38 iHsyeul|be eopsona 9.7 23-1 9-8 6-5 18:3 17-1 14.2 15:3 18-6 13-9 5:0 WG | oaane 14.2 11-2 13-6 1-8 25:0 16-3 15-5 28-9 24-9 11-4 10-0 17 15-9 13-9 6-9 21-0 6-8 19-9 19-9 22-2 20-5 8-5 14-5 14:5 18 6-9 29-5 19:9 18-8 11-2 13-1 11-6 27-2 20-5 16-1 9-5 10-0 19) 59 19-6 12.8 17-7 21-0 71 13-5 26-6 30-9 23-5 15-5 4-8 20 2-4. 6-3 10-9 21-7 15:8 24-8 11-0 12-9 21-3 15-6 9-2 7-6 21 16-7 a9 18-4. 15-6 4-5 16-8 13-1 22-4 9-2 9-0 16-05 hee 22 20-7 4-1 16-2 6-5 3:6 20-4. 24-1 9-9 30-8 19-1 6-9 17-7 23 8:0 2-7 10-0 8-5 4:2 27-4 11-0 22-1 33-0 9-6 10-3 5-7 24 4:3 4-1 8-9 25-9 2:0 21-6 20-6 33-4 11-2 5:6 10-3 4-8 25 4-] 3-0 4-9 11-9 8-1 8-9 31-2 19-7 6-0 16-9 9-1 6-5 26 4-2 6-6 11-0 14.4 19-2 11-9 14:3 21-1 11-5 18-0 26-1 5:3 27 12-2 6.7 3°7 24-7 10-3 14-4 15:8 21:3 11:8 22-1 3:8 9-6 28 | 1-5 6:6 9-3 6-5 6:3 11-3 17-5 20-7 14-1 12-5 6-1 10-5 29 12-2 26-0 20-6 18-3 17:5 15-0 14-6 23-6 4:5 3-4 3-0 30 | 1-2 27-6 13-8 22.4 16-8 16-8 30-7 18-0 11-4 21-4 3-1 3 10:5 11:5 6-1 17-5 23-3 15-9 6-1 Mean ||__ 9-0 7:8 14-1 15-2 13-3 13-6 16-7 20-2 | 20.8 | 13-6 12-4 8-1 * here are three couples of homonymous hours given in the Table, but only one couple gives satisfactory results. It will be found that twelve or thirteen combinations of hours, having the common interval of eleven hours (nearly the critical interval), will give a mean error for the year from a third to a half less than that from the twelve combinations of homonymous hours, the combina- tions commencing with LO” P.M, and 9” a.M., 11> p.at. and 104 A.M., and so on to the twelfth or thirteenth couple. TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. 267 Diurnal Range of Temperature-—The diurnal ranges deduced from the means, Table III., are imperfect, as the hours of the minima are not included in the Summer months. Making every allowance for this defi- ciency, there is little difficulty in perceiving that the ranges are greater, on the whole, for the months near the Equinoxes than for the Summer months. This fact will. be seen more distinctly in the means at the foot of Table V. From this Table, we find that the smallest mean of the diurnal ranges oceurs in February and December, the mean of the ranges increases till April, diminishes in May and June, and again increases till August and September, when it is a maximum.* From Table III., the range of the mean diurnal curve for the year must be about 9°. From Table V., the mean of all the diurnal ranges for the year =13°-7. TABLE VI.—Extremes of Temperature for each Month from the Register Thermometers ; Extremes of Daily Mean Temperature for each Month, deduced from the Daily Observations ; and Extreme Diurnal Ranges for each Month from the Register Thermometers. Extreme Temperatures. Extremes of Mean Daily Temperature. Extreme Diurnal Ranges. Month. Highest. Lowest. Range.| Mean. Highest. Lowest. Range. | Mean. Greatest. Least. d. e d. © © 2 d. ° d. @ 9 Q a. ° a. 2 January 27 | 55-1 | 15 19-9 | 35-2 | 37-5 || 27 | 51-1 3 | 30-1 | 21-0 | 41-0 3 | 24-1 | 30 1-2 February 1 | 44:8 | 18 6-9 | 37-9 | 25:8 ee 20-6 ils 18-6 | 22-0 | 29-6 | 18 | 29-5 2 1-1 March 18 | 61-5 4} 20-2) 41-3 | 40-8 || 22) 49-9 4 | 30-1 19-8 | 40-0 || 30 | 27-6 | 27 3-7 April 19 | 64-4 | 12 | 23-8] 40-6 | 44-1 || 19 | 53-3 | 11 | 33-6 | 19-7 | 43-4 || 24 | 25.9 | 22 6:5 May 14 | 62-8 | 19 | 30-4 | 32-4 | 46-6 || 13 | 52-5 | 29 | 42-6 9-9 | 47-5 1 28-5 | 16 1:8 June 23 | 72-7 6 | 41-3 | 31-4} 57-0 || 21 | 57-7 5 | 42-7 | 15-0 | 50-2 || 23 | 27-4 5) 1-2 July 14 | 69-5 | 25 | 36-4] 33-1 52-9 || 26°| 61-5 | 20 | 51-7 9-8 | 56-6 || 25 | 31-2 3 9-6 August 18 | 78-7'| 24 | 36-5 | 42-2] 57-6 || 19 | 65-2 | 30] 51-8] 13-4 | 58-5 || 24 | 33.4 |] 22 9-9 September 8 | 77-0 | 29 | 30-6 | 46-4 | 53-8 2) 64-4 {pH 44-1 | 20-3 | 54-2 8 | 36:5 | 25 6-0 October 1 | 65-4 | 19 | 21-6} 43-8 | 43-5 6 | 57-2 | 16 | 32-7 | 24.5 |] 44-9 || 16] 24.9 | 29 4-5 November 4 | 54:5 | 26 | 26-5 | 28-0 | 40-5 || 27 | 48-9 | 25 | 30-8 | 18-1 | 39-8 || 26 | 26-1 | 29 3: December 24 | 54-6 2 | 25:3 | 29-3 | 39-9 | 23 | 49-8 1 | 31-8 | 18-0 | 40-8 2 | 22-8 By) 2:0 Extremes of Temperature, 1843. Highest temperature occurred --------.+----- August 18, a aye WN eda Cease eee Ass) Lowest Beer aialataicolctcleles sisinersicalelevseloweioe sisesices February 18, = 6°9 ie a a 8, mean = 42°8. Highest daily mean temperature occurred August 19, = 60.2.) Bi tye Beso! IL@WESE ado. bobSta cos bod Gab boo cop bodode bod dod February 18, = 18°°6 ee £6°6, mean = 41°-9. _ Highest weekly mean peal Saas occurred August 14—19, = 61°5 are Wowace Binlene(sreYalcievere slisteievcieleys selieieol elslelslclele'sieisioeteies February 3——8.— 94°°9 a 36° 6, mean = 43°2, Highest monly mean nee ature occurred August, == Dia perio. sid 4p} ILOTWGRR — Saooed odd'donieus Gue.qon bopoUb OUD ado GoD.o60 February, = 33°:0 TORS 24°-3, mean = 45°1. In each case, the interval between the highest and lowest is exactly six months. The greatest diurnal range of temperature occurred ...............+5- September 8, = 36°5 Mhevlowest . ) 2. i Chordie SOSH RERGO RAGE on Oa ROOT Eee er ers February 2, =a) lho The greatest range of temperature for a month occurred ............ February 18—March 18, = 54°:6 The greatest range of daily mean temperature for a month occurred February 18—-March 18, = 28°:2 * In this volume, I have followed the practice of meteorologists, and have grouped the months into the meteorological seasons. As far as the results for the year 1843 go, the value of this mode of grouping seems very questionable. With the single exception of the mean temperature, the facts (diurnal range, critical intervals, and periods of maxima) are more directly related to the astro- nomical seasons. HKven for the mean temperature each year would require a particular mode of grouping ; it is only on the average of a number of years that June, July, and August are entitled to be called Summer. In 1843, it will be seen that July, August, and September are the three months with the highest mean temperature. The cause of the diminished diurnal range in the midsummer months is obviously due to the sun’s approach to perpetual appari- tion, as has been pointed out elsewhere.—See Professor Forpus’s Supplementary Report on Meteorology, Report Brit. Assoc. 1840, page 52. 268 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE VII.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Temperature of Evaporation, as deduced from the Nine Daily Readings of the Wet Bulb Thermometer in 1843. Fo po |] eae nor gL GRC pA TASH LONG PURO GRO ee | TERT A SRG nN | ac ce a eee | ea ae | Jan Feb. March. | April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov Dec r ° ° ° y fo) ° ia ° ° ° a fo) ° al ° 5 ° | i [ere ] 38-2 29-3 | 47-5 43-9 46-4 53-2 53-9 59-0 [48- 1] 32-1 31-4 2 | 29-4 33-4 30-5 [43-4] 41-6 49-3 [53-0] 54:7 61-9 47-6 37-2 39-9 3 >| (29-1 28-3 31-4 44-3 44-6 43-3 55:6 55:2 [55-8] 49-4 36-5 [40- 7| 4 | 36-5 32-0 23:3 43-3 46:5 [45-7] 52-5 55:1 50-2 53-9 45-5 47-3 1 5 | 32-2 [33-8] | [382-6] | 41-7 40-6 40-9 57-7 51-4 50-4 53-6 | [39-6] | 43-4 i Gesilenodoeo: 31-2 39-7 43-0 42-3 45-7 04-4 [55- 0] 59-6 55-0 44.3 40-1 7 | 37-6 38-6 36-7 42-9 [43-0] 48-9 53-6 55:1 52:8 51-4 40-9 46:8 8 [33-6] 39-6 29-2 38-6 42-3 50-2 53-7 59-1 o4-7 [47-5 33-1 43-1 Oo e342 34:1 32-6 [36-0] 44-4 49-7 [53-8] 53-9 56-2 42-6 31-0 44.9 LOW Wed te 2 32-8 34-7 30-3 41-9 49.9 54-3 52-0 [55-5] 41-5 38-0 44-8 onal 30-8 33-6 40-6 30-1 43-8 [48-8] 52°3 990°9 59-4 41-1 42-9 44.7 1 12 23.7 [29-5] [35-8] 31-2 46-9 45-7 54-6 57°3 58-9 36-7 [36-7] 45-0 13 33.5 30-3 36-8 32.2 50-5 46-0 56-1 | [56-0] | 51-3 33-0 38-5 44-5 14 99-1 23-9 35-4 46-7 [45-3] 51-4 54-2 54:3 52-6 33-5 33-6 45-9 15 [33-7] 22.2 34-8 45-2 45-3 52-7 55:5 56-8 56-3 [33-3] 36-5 44.9 16 34-5 23-6 37-2 [44-2] 44-0 51-7 [54-0] 59-7 50-2 30-5 35-5 37-5 il7/ 37-7 24:3 43-7 46-7 41-5 49.0 54-3 61-9 [54-2] 34-6 42.9 [43-0] 18 44-0 17-5 45-1 45-4 39-7 [50-5] 54:3 60-8 595-4 31-4 35-9 43-2 19 44.1 [28-1] [43-0] 49.2 39-5 46-1 49-9 61-2 49-6 31-8 [39-2] 41-5 20 38-4 32-2 40-1 44-1 43-5 50-3 49.5 [55-9] 56-3 44-2 39-3 45-2 24 30.2 35-0 44.7 49-1 [43-0] 53-0 50-7 49.7 54-4 43-4 41-5 40-3 22 [39-8] 36-1 47-0 46-4 44.4 51-0 03:3 52-8 50-7 [40-1] 40-0 46-7 23 39-3 35-6 45:8 [43-2] 46-0 52-5 [52-5] 48-9 52-6 46-1 30-4 47-8 24 43-8 36-3 40-9 41-8 45-1 51-2 49-3 49-8 [47-6] 39-2 30-7 [45-0] 25 43-2 33-2 38-5 41-0 47-4 [49-1] 53-0 53:5 44-8 35-7 30-5 47-9 26 42-8 [33-2] [37-0] 37-0 50-1 48-9 59-4 52-5 42-7 32-0 [38-1] 44-8 27 49-2 32-7 31-7 41-2 48-2 46:8 52-5 [51-6] 40-6 32-8 46-8 42.8 28 41-3 31-9 33-1 42-0 [45-8] 44-3. | 52-7 54-9 40-7 41.2 45-9 43-2 29 [42. 7| 31-8 41-9 4.0:3 48-1 54-3 00-3 42.2 [34-0] 39-1 43-9 30 40-5 37-5 [42-5] 44-3 51-1 [53-5] 48-6 59-0 Sol: 42.4 42.2 31 44-1 45-9 44-8 52-7 54-0 32-6 [36-0] Mean 36:8 31-5 37-1 41-7 44.2 48-6 53-6 54-6 52-4 40-3 38-3 43-4 The daily means have been obtained from the daily observations by the formule already given, Table I., for the dry bulb thermometer. Annual Variation of the Temperature of Evaporation.—This follows the same law as the temperature of The greatest monthly mean is that for August, the least is that for February. The means for the meteorological seasons are as follow :— the air, Table I. Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn, Dec., Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Stine 41°-0 §2°°3 Nov., 43°°7 Feb., Jan., iNav * May, : Aug., Nov., July, Oct., The year 1848, 43°-54. Mar., June, Sept., Dec., 35° 1 44°°8 53°5 40°-7 TEMPERATURE OF EVAPORATION. 269 TABLE VIII.—Hourly Means of the Temperature of Evaporation, as deduced from the Readings of the Wet Bulb Thermometer, at the Observation Hours for each month in 1843. Period. January February March April May June July August September October November December Spring Summer Autumn Winter The Year The observations in the first week of January were not made use of in obtaining the hourly means for that month. No observation having been made at 18° in the second week, a correction was applied to the mean for that hour of —3°-11, obtained from Table VII. as follows :— {Mean temp. Jan. 9—31 = 37°99 minus mean temp. Jan. 16—31 = 41°:10}= — 311. The means were afterward corrected by —1°-00, in order to render the mean for the month from these means equal to that obtained, Table VII., from all the daily observations. Diurnal Variation of the Temperature of Evaporation—The maximum temperature of evaporation occurs rather later in the day than the maximum temperature of the air in Spring, and rather earlier in the day in Summer and Autumn. The hours of the maximum, Makerstoun mean time, for the four meteorological seasons, with their differences from the hours of the maximum temperature of the air (Table ITI.), are as follow :— Spring, 1 35™, occurring later than max. temp. of air by 5™. Summer, 15 20", .....-.:- earlier - Dome Autumn, yh LOM, cee een eee ece eee eee ese nee eet eeeteeeeeecsereees OGM, Winter, 12 10™, veers cee cee eee cee eee cect eee see eee eeeceeeee OM, The Year, 12 L5™, css cseceecesececeeaee cee ctecee eee ceeeeecseeee [5m, The period of the minimum is not to be obtained from the nine daily observations. The mean temperature of evaporation for the year occurs at 8° 18™ a.m. SCS BOSUGHERHOBO OBS RON HSC 5kbi dddo0d8 AU A OB ANH EN BEN RBEaNTe aan Hata TAN Om pie The interval between the two periods is IWS a Tee Range of the Diurnal Variation of the Temperature of Evaporation.—The ranges in the previous Table are imperfect, on account of the minimum being awanting in the Summer months ; but it seems as evident here, as in the case of the temperature of the air, that the range is less im the Midsummer months than for the months immediately preceding and succeeding them. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 3 Y 270 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE IX.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour in inches of Mercury, as deduced from Tables I. and VII. ee | Jan. Feb. March. | April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | in. | in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. | in. in. 1 | Le. ]| 0-221 | 0-162 | 0-322 | 0.264 | 0-326 | 0-374 | 0-403 | 0-483 | [0-324]| 0-193 | 0-191 2 | 0-154 183 -167 | [ -275] -256 -355 | [ -371] -410 529 -300 +236 254 3) || 170 -166 -166 272 -281 278 404 -414 | [ -423] 337 -232 | [ -257] 4 197 173 157 279 -286 | [ -306| 346 417 319 396 296 321 5) 163 | [ -200]| [ -184] 253 +225 253 471 344 338 386 | [ -245] 268 6 211 178 244 269 247 301 -396 | [ -413] 481 417 280 227 rth 220 241 210 267 | [ -258] +322 +384 423 366 359 250 310 8 [ -191] 259 163 228 257 333 -395 498 394 | [ -331] 177 261 9 204 195 184 | [ -205] 278 334 | [ -387] 383 419 275 174 306 10 177 178 210 150 -255 322 *384 361 | [ -423] 275 245 | [ -293] Hieuel 174. id, 258 151 265 | [ -327] 301 426 504 272 281 294 12 141 | [ -164]| [ -210] 166 301 -296 -414 453 493 202 | [ -227] 299 13 202 172 206 165 357 -312 -431 | [ -432] 365 178 241 290 14 156 134 201 288 | [ -294] -365 -393 394 385 184 197 296 15 [ -202] 125 199 282 300 +304 398 458 437 | [ -186] 224 283 16 192 135 225 | [ -270] 294 -333 | [ -396] 504 418 167 212 217 17 229 143 284 291 249 327 -408 541 | [ -408] 207 273 | [ -273] 18 293 107 297 280 228 |[ -333] -401 501 428 180 215 285 19 294 | [ -166]) [ -275] 317 217 +303 345 499 342 177 | [ -243] 260 20 238 167 249 271 260 +323 342 |[ -431] 438 285 246 -298 21 174 218 294 320 | [ -273] -361 337 329 +392 271 271 -260 22 | [ -250] 228 -304 315 304 319 | -397 390 356 |[ -245]} -239 | -308 23 | 243 223 -303 | [ -265] 324 360 | [ -375] 324 -380 289 222 323 24 281 223 261 238 306 -348 | -308 335 | [ -312] 238 186 | [ -299] 25 273 196 223 239 331 | [ -317 379 383 282 208 186 331 26 -263 | [ -194]| [ +220] 207 359 +322 489 389 -229 LO NAP 23,74] 294 27 +342 ‘181 +182 +235 328 -296 -357 | [ -363]} -231 *185 311 -279 28 +224 -182 174 -264 | [ -307] -256 | -385 425 +233 -264 | -295 -281 29 [ -259] -176 261 241 -298 | -399 ‘331 -262 [ -202]| -220 277 } 30 -217 -224 | [ -260] 277 -334 | [ -386] -320 -418 198 | -283 | -258 | 31 -286 -299 -308 | 365 | 390 196 [ -220] l | } Mean | 0-220 | 0-184 | 0-223 | 0-253 | 0-281 | 0-320 | 0-387 | 0-409 | 0-382 | 0-245 | 0.238 | 0-280 The quantities in Table IX. have been deduced from Tables I. and VII. by means of Dr Apsonn’s for- mula, taken approximately, namely (Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 1840), 9: ; 6 fi = < x pea the temperature of evaporation being above 32° “ ‘ g z below 32° if ii _ 96 x 30:0" SOOOUDDUOODOCOOUUDODOOODOUDUTOUCUODUCOCUGD eLow Where /” is the tension of aqueous vapour in the air, given in the previous Table; 7’, the tension of aqueous vapour, the air being saturated at the temperature of evaporation ; d, the difference between the temperatures of the air and of evaporation ; 29-7, the mean barometric pressure. The values of /’ were obtained from the Table, page xl., Introduction to the Greenwich Observations, 1842. The errors for the monthly or hourly means, from the use of the approximate formula, are small, the greatest error is probably under 0:003 in. The errors of the daily means will be due chiefly to the want of the three two-hourly observations. The Annual Variation of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour follows the same march as the temperature of the air. The greatest monthly mean is that for August, and the least that for February; the former being 0°409 in., the latter being 0°184 in., and the annual range of the monthly means 0-225 in. The means for the mean meteorological seasons, and the meteorological seasons for the year 1843, are— in. in. Spring, Mar., Apr., May, 0-252 Apr., May, June, 0°285 Summer, June, July, Aug., 0°372 July, Aug., Sept., 0°393 Autumn, Sept,, Oct., Nov., 0°288 Oct., Nov., Dec., 0°254 Winter, Dec., Jan., Feb., 0°228 Jan., Feb., Mar., 0°209 The year 1843, 0°283 inch. PRESSURE OF AQUEOUS VAPOUR. il TABLE X.—Pressure of Aqueous Vapour, considered in relation to the Moon’s Age and Declination. | = After e After | No. of | | No. : on8 Mean || Moon’s 2 caok Mean Moon | Sel Mean || Moon Seve Mean A Daily Patek rm Daily | pros faeth Dai ily | Pp r Daily Age. Means. | ressure. | Se. | yeans, | Pressure. | farthest | Means. | Pressure. || farthest! yroans, | Pressure. North. | N orth. OCOnanrnpwnwnrods This Table has been formed from Table IX. in the manner already indicated, Table II. of the Abstracts of the Magnetical Observations, excepting that no means for the Sundays were employed. Pressure of Aqueous Vapour with reference to the Moon’s Age.—From the above, and the following means of groups, there seems to be a maximum of pressure about three days after the time of full moon, and a mini- mum about three days after the time of new moon. in. 12 days till 18 days, Full Moon, 0:296 27 days till 3 days, New Moon, 0°284 Dias alae PAE) 0-301 OR Sere. fei 0-281 OMe. PAD Be 0-295 Ae Rea: 1D lees 0-289 UR KN ete PAS) eee 0-292 | Sas ey 4 0290 Pressure of Aqueous Vapour with reference to the Moon’s Declination—The means in the above Table seem very irregular. The projected quantities shew four maximum peaks, which occur at intervals of seven days, namely, on the 2d, 9th, 16th, and 23d days after the Moon has its greatest north declination ; but these may be at once traced to the less number of observations from which the means are deduced for these days, and ulate due to the want of means for the Suny The means of groups are as follow :— 25 days till 3 > Moon farthest North, 0- 279 11 days till 17 oe Moon farthest South, 0-302 0 eee) 0-273 Paes boa. 20 0-298 wy 5 ee LOW: 0:279 Bh erp: OAR in: 0-299 ao cs eywune De Sy sPROni Pav es Dhay Beers 0°295 | These means shew the minimum about three days after the Moon has its greatest north declination, and the maximum about three days after it has its greatest south declination. Extreme Daily Mean Pressures of Aqueous Vapour and the Ranges. Jan, Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. Greatest, 0-342 0-259 0-304 0-322 0-359 0-365 0-489 0-541 0-529 0-417 0-311 0-331 Least, 0-154 0-107 0-157 0-150 0-217 0-253 0-308 0-320 0-229 0-167 0-174 0-191 Range, 0-188 0-152 0-147 0-172 0-142 0-112 0-181 0-221 0-300 0-250 0-137 0-140 The greatest daily mean in the year is that for August 17, being : : 0:541 in. IN Gey GEIS Soda oueteataon scene Bed maa oeeS een meee February 18, being _ . : 0-107 . The greatest range of the daily means in any month is that for September, being 0°300 . The est SAU GDR BOUAO ROAR OUTS RGD OSE COne ONO SEAL HB ONETER OR ORC nO CC June, being 0-112. The range of the daily means for the whole year 1843, is ‘ ‘ : 0-434 ... 272 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XI.—Hourly Means of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour for each Month, as deduced from Tables III. and VIIL, with the Means for the Quarters and Year 1843. Period. 18h, 20%, 22h, Oh, Ze Ans 6h, 8h, 10%, Mean. || Range. | | in. in. in. in. in. in. in. | in. in. in. in. January 0-212 | 0-213 | 0-210 | 0-214 | 0-219 | 0-221 | 0-222 | 0-211 | 0-208 | 0-213 || 0-014 February -178 | -177 | -176 | -180 | -184} -185 | -183 | -179 | -183 -180 || -009 March -201 | -207 | -221 | -236 | -239 | -235 | -231 | -223 | -218 || -220 || -038 April +231 -248 | -263 | -260 | -265 | -261 -259 | -256 | -244 -250 -034 May -264 | -280 | -287 | -292 | -289 | -293 | -285 | -284 | -279 || -281 || -029 June -308 317 | -321 -322 | -336 | -332 | -333 | -318 | -312 -319 | -028 July -364 | -393 | -398 | -404 | -407 | -395 | -403 | -392 | -378 || -387 || -043 August 355 | -392 | -423 | -444 | -443 | -4385 | -437 | -433 -415 -411 | -089 September -324 | -360 | -396 | -414] -417 | -405 | -414 | -402 | -380 || -381 || -093 October -233 | -241 -251 -264 | -258 +259 | -252 | .243 | -237 +245 | -031 November -230 | -235 | -239 | -242 | -249 | -239 | -232 | -232 | -229 | .235 || -020 December 273 | -273 | -275 | -288 | -289 | -285 | -277 | -273 | -273 || -277 || -016 Spring -232 | -245 | -257 | -263 | -264] -263 | -258 | -254 | -247 | .250 | 032 Summer -342 | -367 | -381 | -390 | -395 | -387 | -391 | -381 | -368 || -372 || -053 Autumn -262 | -279 | -295 | -307 | -308 | -301 | -299 | -292 | -282 || .287 || -046 Winter -221 | -221 | -221 | -228 |] -231 | -230 | -228 | -221 | -222 || .297 || -010 The Year -264 | -278 | -288 | -296 | -299 | -295 | -294 | -287 | -279 || -283 035 The previous Table has been formed from Tables III. and VIII. by means of the formula given after Table IX. The Diurnal Variation of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour also follows somewhat nearly the march of temperature of the air; there are, however, some apparent irregularities in the progression of the former that neither appear in the latter nor in that of the temperature of evaporation. In January, the maximum of pres- sure occurs about 4 p.m., in February, about 3 p.m., while, in the other months, it occurs nearer 1 p.m. than any other hour. In some of the months there are one or more secondary minima ; some of these are so marked as to render it probable that they are not accidental. In the month of April, a secondary minimum occurs about 11 a.m.; in May and October, about 1 p.m.; and in June, July, August, and September, about 3 p.m. ; the maxima occurring about two hours before and after the mimima. The minima are most distinctly meted in July, August, aa September. The occurrence of minima, as here mdicated, is, perhaps, what might have been expected from the non-coincidence of the periods of maxima for the temperature of the air and the temperature of evaporation, Thus, taking the most marked case, the month of August, the temperature of the air and the temperature of evaporation go on increasing together till a little after 1 p.m. ; the temperature of evaporation then commences falling ; the temperature of the air, however, increases for nearly three-quarters of an hour after this. The increasing pressure of aqueous vapour will, therefore, evidently receive a sudden check at the time of the maximum temperature of evaporation, and it will diminish rapidly while the temperature of the air and of evaporation are moving in opposite directions. When, however, the temperature of the air commences falling also, the pressure of vapour will diminish less rapidly, until the falling temperature of the air makes up for its lost time and gains ground on the falling temperature of evaporation, thus producing a second maximum of pres- sure ; after this they diminish together, according to nearly the same law as they increased in the morning. The occurrence of the maximum temperature of evaporation later than that of the air will evidently produce a minimum before the temperature of evaporation attains its maximum.,* * The afternoon secondary maximum and minimum seemed to me, at first, due to a local cause, namely, the action of the sun on the soil near the thermometers when it approaches the prime vertical, producing in this way an abnormal state of the atmosphere near the thermometers. I have, however, been induced to reject this hypothesis for the following reasons :—With a similar amount of sunshine, a similar action should be visible in the morning, but there is none visible; the effect should be most distinct near mid- summer, whereas it is most evident in August and September; it should be as well marked in March, April, and May, but it is not evident at all in these months. The comparative amounts of sunshine for the year 1843 can only be estimated from the observed surface of cloud, and this differs little before 7 A.M. and after 5 p.M., but it is evident that the quantity of vapour may be connected with the surface of cloud by other than local considerations, as will be seen on examination of the tables for the surface of cloud. Winally, the minimum occurs at 14 p.m. in May and October, and at 11" A.M. in April, when the cause supposed could not operate. RELATIVE HumIpITy. 23 The periods of maxima for the four meteorological seasons are as follow :— Spring, 12 10™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. Summer, 12 O0™ pm. .-.--- Autumn, 0° 45™ p.m. Winter, 1° 30™ p.m. The Year, 1? 0™ p.m. A secondary minimum occurs in Summer at 3" 40™ p.m., and a secondary maximum about 5" p.m. There is a marked inflection in the curve for Autumn at 3" 10™ p.m. In the mean for the whole year, the secondary minimum probably occurs about 4° p.m., the secondary maximum about 5” p.m. The periods of maxima and minima for the four astronomical seasons are— Spring, principal max., 1 40™ p.m. Summer, --------------- 1220™ p.m. Secondary min., 4° 10™ p.m. Secondary max., 5" O™ p.m. Autumn, --+eee eee eee eee OuiedOMENoonedetossiese oxrie- spa Oe 40D: pian seccsecseeeeeee 5h 10m py, Winter, seeeeeeeeeeeeee 12 10™ Pim. The mean pressure of aqueous vapour for the year occurs at 8? 10™ a.m. 82 10™ p.m. The interval between the periods is, . ‘ : oe LA Oe Range of the Diurnal Variation of the Pressure of Aqueous Vapour.—The range is inexact for the sum- mer months; it is here, however, as evident, as in the previous cases of temperature, that the range is less in the summer months than in the months immediately preceding and succeeding. The greatest range is that for September, being about 0-100 inch. TABLE XII.—Mean Relative Humidity for each Civil Day, Week, and Month of 1848, Saturation being = 1. Day. Jan. Feb. March. | April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1 [cress ]} 0-819 | 0-835 | 0-880) 0-772 | 0-973 | 0-792 | 0-884 | 0-893 | [0-825]|} 0-946 | 0.965 | 2 0-766 -803 *819 | [ -854] -850 944 | [ -779] ‘S61 874 -763 971 3 | -914 -922 -769 -795 °829 883 ‘775 847 | [ -821] *842 987 | [ - 4 ‘749 “801 *844 ‘S91 -753 | [ -891] :709 -867 714 -$48 -860 5 ‘718 | [ -884]| [ -831] -827 -726 872 -935 “759 -790 -821 | [ -882] 6 *894 -868 ‘881 “851 -765 °875 815 | [ -851] -841 -876 -841 ih -843 +923 *827 -845 | [ -786] ‘797 812 -894 ‘779 831 -856 8 [ -847]]. -985 849 841 821 ‘778 *857 952 ‘790 | [ -899] ‘776 9 ‘911 *852 -848 | [ -788} *822 -811 | [ -814] -790 804. 911 -849 10 *859 ‘798 -929 -698 -831 -745 -770 *802 | [ -857] ‘975 992 |[ - 11 ‘857 758 | -:918 ‘716 -784 | [ -827] -742 804 -956 -978 927 : 12 -928 | [ -828]) [ -861] -776 ‘807 -848 ‘887 -880 946 “774 | [ -920] 13 935 -869 ‘792 -733 -877 920 -864 | [ -870] 867 784 ‘931 14 ‘796 “854 831 -754 | [ +852] “859 814 812 *881 | -807 895 15 [ -883] *845 +847 ‘801 -895 733 -758 -939 878 | [ -828] +929 16 -814 877 -896 | [ -765] -939 -697 | [ -835] 935 -865 -819 -902 17 *898 917 *896 -768 -$14 -818 ‘879 -926 | [ -877] ‘912 -881 | [ - 18 9301| +870) |.v-887 j-c778 | «786 |] -764]| -844 |. -839 -895,.|° -874). -900.] 19 -930 | [ -893]| [ -881] -758 731 863 804 804 *859 831 | [ -898] 20 :915 749 -892 “802 ‘772 ‘731 -864 | [ -842] 883 872 -918 21 -888 -969 -896 ‘779 | [ -865j “744 -769 “787 -798 “839 951 22 [ -894] :979 -817 913 -974 -676 -892 -890 -860. | [ -844] +839 23 -900 -970 -881 | [ -801] 991 -768 | [ -825] -808 *856 ‘787 -978 24 873 933 922 -739 939 ‘791 -710 -809 | [ -791] 872 964 |[ - 25 -861 -907 814 784 935 | [ -755] +826 ‘S11 -822 863 ‘974 26 827 | [ -890]| [ -845] +787 -913 797 -889 | -907 654 -840 | [ -897] 27 -881 -826 875 -753 -872 -785 -756 | [ -834] -757 “845 -864 28 -687 867 ‘757 °877 | [ -891] ‘715 ‘875 -910 -764.| .° 923 831 29 [ -798] 822 864 834 -729 -§38 -763 -856.| [ -904] -769 30 -687 -875 | [ -824] 822 -732 | [ +833] -806 -880 930 ‘973 C 31 “885 -854 972 +782 812 -938 [ -886] Mean | 0-852 | 0-873 | 0-855 | 0-800 | 0-845 | 0-803 |- 0-820 | 0-850 | 0-837 | 0-860 | 0-904 | 0-878 MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. 3 Z 274 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Table XII. has been formed in the following manner :—/ being the elastic force of vapour, the air being saturated at the mean temperature ¢ (Table I.), and /” the elastic force of the vapour actually in the air (Table IX.), then h, the relative humidity in the previous table, is obtained from the formula, The values of f were obtained from the tables in the Introduction to the Greenwich Observations, 1842. Annual Variation of Humidity.—This has not the same period as the temperature of the air or the pres- sure of aqueous vapour; the minimum occurs in June, and the maximum in Winter; in the beginning of the year February is a maximum, and in the end of the year November is the maximum, The following are the means for three different classes of seasons, viz. :— The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August, constitute summer. The meteorological seasons for the year 1843, for which July, August, September, constitute summer. The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, July, constitute summer. Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical. Spring, 0°833 0:816 0:843 Summer, 0:824 0-836 0:823 Autumn, 0-867 0-881 0:849 Winter, 0°868 0-860 0-878 The year 1843, 0848. For the year 1848, the most regular group is that of the astronomical seasons. The greatest range of the means is that for the meteorological seasons of 1848, being 0:065 ; that for the astronomical group being 0-055, and that for the mean meteorological seasons being 0:044, The range of the monthly means is 0-104. Extremes of the Daily Means, and the Ranges for each Month, Jan. Feb. March, —‘ April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec. Greatest, 0-935 0-985 0-929 0-913 0-991 0-973 0-935 0-952 0-956 0-978 0-992 0-965 Least, 0-687 0-749 0-757 0-698 0-726 0-676 0-709 0-759 0-654 0-763 0-769 0-759 Range, 0-248 0-236 0-172 0-215 0-265 0-297 0-226 0-193 0-302 0-215 0-223 0-206 November 10th was the most humid day, and September 26th the least humid day in the year, the ratio to saturation for the former being 0°992, and for the latter 0-654. The total range of the daily means for the year 1843 is therefore 0-338, The greatest monthly range of the daily means is that for September, being 0-302, and least monthly range is that for March, being 0°172. TABLE XIII.—Relative Humidity, Saturation bemg = 1, with reference to the Moon’s Age and Declination. No. of daily | Humidity. Means. 9 0-843 11 854 10 873 11 “870 10 *858 9 853 12 “849 9 *850 Il 880 10 “862 ual 851 10 “862 9 ‘829 11 “899 9 “862 No. of daily Means, Humidity. 0-833 “844 847 841 ‘846 -848 -830 “850 872 -860 853 +852 819 1823 -831 After Moon farthest North. IOURWNE © No. of daily Means. Humidity. 0-852 -829 -863 -839 “848 -8395 857 +856 ‘831 -826 “S10 ‘S61 -860 S61 After Moon farthest North. No. of daily | Humidity. Means. ne 12 This Table has been formed from Table XII. in the manner already referred to, Table X. Or RELATIVE HUMIDITY. 27 Humidity with reference to the Moon’s Age.—The following means of groups indicate a minimum of hu- midity about four days before full Moon, and a maximum about four days before new Moon. 12 days till 18 oat Full Moon, 0:°845 | 27 days till 3 ee New Moon, 0°851 Ia ae era 22 0-857 iy Sone rl 0°842 Oe sat 26 0°859 | Be aye cits ee 0°851 28} as teeae Ose 0-864 Sig tet ok MGS 6 0:844 Humidity with reference to the Moon’s Declination.—The following means of groups indicate a maximum of humidity about four days before the Moon attains its greatest north declination, and a minimum about four days before it attains its greatest south declination. 3 days till 3 ae Moon farthest North, 0:847 11 days till 17 days, Moon farthest South, 0-849 hee 0:846 IA eee XG ia 0-842 A 2 eee LOM. 0-838 TBn OE 0857 fe eed Lie 0°844 Die ere ht DG he 0-861 TABLE XIV.—Hourly Means of the Relative Humidity for each Month and Quarter in 1843. Saturation being = Period. ° 204. 2h, : 24% An, Ds c Dh, || Mean. || Range. | January 0-844 || 0-058 | February | 877 ||- -109 | March . . S36 . f 275 . 5 . ‘ +857 -156 f April : : : : : 5 aE ralll 3 : 807 || -203 May 845 || -195 | June 87: | -800 || -153 | July { : : .! : 75 8! .8 824 || .190 August *857 || -236 | September 852 || -260 | October . d : are a7/ 84 d é -857 -170 | November 902 || -091 | December : . : . : -866 | - . : 873 042 | Spring 836 Summer ‘ 827 Autumn d : A 3 . -76 d 9 870 Winter . : +85 . 823 | -8 . : : 865 The Year (| A c é A 3 é ' 6 -850 Table XIV. has been formed from Tables III. and VIII. by means of the formula given after Table XII. Diurnal Variation of the Relative Humidity —The maximum humidity occurs between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. The minimum occurs as early as 10" 30™ a.m. in December, and as late as 2" 30™ in March and September. The progression is regular in each month, with the exceptions of June and December ; a secondary maximum occurs in the former at 1" 10™ p.m., and in the latter at 11" 10™ a.m., the minima occurring two hours before and after. The following are the periods of minima for the four meteorological seasons, and also for the four astronomical seasons :— Meteorological Seasons. Astronomical Seasons. Spring, 1° 40™ p.m. Spring, 2" 0O™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. Summer, 2" 30™ p.m. Summer wl DoMep Mean ni NN SUN. Autumn, 2' 10™ p.m, Anitumns 2 oe 2 0C Sp Me ac ey ee Winter, 0? 30™ p.m. Wanters- O85 0M pine ono se oreese denewes The year, 1 50™. 276 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. From the periods for the four astronomical seasons, it is evident that the minimum humidity occurs earlier in Summer than in the preceding and succeeding quarters. For the astronomical seasons, the minimum hu- midity occurs after the maximum temperature of the air im Spring and Autumn, while it occurs before the maximum temperature in Summer and Winter. In the mean for the year, the minimum humidity occurs about 20™ after the maximum temperature, and about 50™ after the maximum pressure of aqueous vapour. The secondary maxima and minima, shewn in some of the monthly means for the pressure of aqueous vapour, have no counterparts in the means for the humidity. The ascending or forenoon branches of the diurnal curves of temperature and pressure of aqueous vapour exhibit more rapid changes than the afternoon or descending branch ; while, for the humidity, the afternoon or ascending branch has the most rapid variations, In the mean for the year, however, the variation is but slightly more rapid in the afternoon than in the forenoon branch. These remarks have reference to the portion of the diurnal curve included in the limits of the observations for 1843, viz., 5 a.m. till 9 p.m. The mean humidity for the year occurs at 8? 28™ a.m. aerayetnewletet 65 40™ p.m. The interval between these periods is, 10% 12™ Diurnal Range of Humidity —The diurnal ranges, as far as can be judged from Table XIV., are some- what less in the summer months than in the months immediately preceding or succeeding them. TABLE XV.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Height of the Barometer in 1848. § Civil Day. Jan. Feb. March. | April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. in. in. in. im. in. in. in. im. in. in. [eteeeees j} 29-256 | 29-630 | 29-026 | 30-184 | 29-335 | 29-558 | 29-505 | 30-059 |[29-677]| 29-515 29-901 | 29-093 | 29-881 |[29-243]) 30-070 | 29-055 |[29-530]| 29-264 | 30-078 | 29-700 | 29-645 29-880 | 28-914 | 30-015 | 29-369 | 29-717 | 26-189 | 29-471 | 29-130 |[30-060]| 29-780 | 29-358 |[ 29-460 | 29-469 | 30-108 | 29-185 | 29-399 |[29-400]] 29-661 | 29-190 | 30-075 | 29-767 | 29-328 ¢ [29-559 ]/[30-008]} 29-382 | 29-270 | 29-682 | 29-458 | 29-424 | 30-146 | 29-684 |(29-385] 29-713 | 29-856 | 29-929 | 29-318 | 29-272 | 29-693 | 29-379 |[29-545]) 30-046 | 29-204 | 29-424 29-292 | 30-026 | 29-991 | 29-050 |(29-544)} 29-449 | 29-579 | 29-826 | 30-042 | 29.056 | 29-232 [29-108]| 29-997 | 30-125 | 29-132 | 29-585 | 28-848 | 29-695 | 29-838 | 30-032 |[(29-295]| 29-325 28-967 | 29-987 | 30-098 |[29:429]| 29-756 | 28-838 |[29-734]| 29-865 | 29-962 | 29.337 | 29-585 10 28-443 | 29-978 | 29-806 | 29-678 | 29-982 | 29.429 | 29-864 | 29-926 |[29-997]| 29-537 | 29-323 |[ iI 28-632 | 30-007 | 29-847 | 29-763 | 29-976 |[29-502]| 29-999 | 29-993 | 29-823 | 28-952 | 29-838 12 28-669 |[29-757]|[29-623]| 29-631 | 29-796 | 29-983 | 29-891 | 30-022 | 30-111 | 29-060 |[29-770]} : 13 28-022 | 29-777 | 29-218 | 29-693 | 29-498 | 29-956 | 29-841 |[29-920]} 30-011 | 29-290 | 29-957 14 28-389 | 29-550 | 29-196 | 29-473 |[29-614]| 29-961 | 29-805 | 29-886 | 29-788 | 29-544 | 30-080 15 ||[29-049]) 29-242 | 29.572 | 28-745 | 29-401 | 29-975 | 29-739 | 29-830 | 29-746 |[29-409]) 29-836 16 29-453 | 29-107 | 29-722 |[29.693]| 29-397 | 29-916 |[29-6991| 29-861 | 29-781 | 29-368 | 29-800 17 29-777 | 29-420 | 29-520 | 29-778 | 29-618 | 29-884 | 29-848 | 29-890 |[29-837]| 29-371 | 29-384 18 29-985 | 29-550 | 29-665 | 29-791 | 29-830 |[29-877 | 29-506 | 29-875 | 29-818 | 29-824 | 29-073 19 30-169 |[29-340]|(29-473]| 29-679 | 29-856 | 29-839 | 29-454 | 29-649 | 30-044 | 30-105 |[29-226] 20 30-014 | 29-327 | 29-550] 29-519 | 29-749 | 29-911 | 29-317 |[29-567]} 29-844 |. 29-803 | 29-094 21 29-730 | 29-325) 29-219 | 29-561 |[29-690]| 29-738 | 29-360 | 29-597 | 29-924 | 29-602 | 29-042 22 |\[29-725]) 29-310 | 29-163 | 29-548 | 29-555 | 29-809 | 29-362 | 29-137 | 30-238 |[29-564]| 28-963 23 29-535 | 29-390 | 29-250 |[29-495]| 29-601 | 29-852 |[29-601]} 29-255 | 30-323 | 29-503 | 29-192 24. 29-365 | 29-551 | 29-594 | 29-775 | 29-549 | 29-862 | 29-793 | 29-502 |[30-015]) 29-240 | 29-343 25 29-538 | 29-570 | 29-860 | 29-270 | 29-320 |[29-736]| 29-938 | 29-520 | 30-100 | 29-129 | 29-395 OONOnNA WH bo Ne} a 2 w 26 29-616 |[29-397]|[29-683]] 29-298 | 29.243 | 29-742 | 29-839 | 29-625 | 29-900 | 29-257 |[29-438]} ¢ 27 29.372 | 29-027 | 29-800 | 29-580 | 29-141 | 29-627 | 29-725 |[29-633]) 29-603 | 29.280 | 29-087 28 29-260 | 29-216 | 29-774 | 29-390 |[29-456]} 29-525 | 29-678 | 29-530 | 29-638 :| 28-586 | 29-643 | < 29 = ||/[29-340] 29-822 | 29-565 | 29-710 | 29-525 | 29-237 | 29-688 || 29-679 |[29-192]} 29-967 30 29-218 29.436 |[29-751]) 29-776 | 29-506 |[29-495]} 29-931 29-500 | 29-256 | 29-909 31 28-316 29-063 29-546 29-564 | 29-956 29-259 | Mean 29-358 | 29-498 | 29-661 | 29-488 | 29-622 | 29-620 | 29-637 | 29-656 | 29-935 | 29-404 | 29-475 | § i 8 erm nn nn a A | ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 7A The daily means in this Table have been obtained from the nine daily observations in the following man- ner :—If S be the sum of the nine observations from 18" till 10", 18 be the height at 18%, 10, the height at 10" preceding the 18, and 10, the height at 10" succeeding the 18", then the daily means for the Mondays were obtained from the formula, 2x 18+S8 + 10, 12 and for the other days of the week from the formula, 10,+ 18+ 8 + 10, 12 It was found, from other observations, that means thus obtained differed very little from the truth. Annual Variation of Atmospheric Pressure.—The lowest monthly mean pressure is that for January, being 29°358 in. ; the highest monthly mean pressure is that for December, being 29°963 in. ; the range of the monthly means is therefore 0-605 in. The following are the mean pressures for three different classes of seasons, Viz. :— The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer. The meteorological seasons of 1843, for which July, August, and September constitute summer. The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July constitute summer. Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical. Spring, . . 29°590 29°577 29549 Summer, . . 638 743 -626 Autumn, . : 605 614 °665 Winter, : ¢ 606 "506 "599 Range of Means, . 0:048 0:237 0-116 The second group is the most marked ; it indicates the maximum pressure in the warmest quarter of 1848, and the minimum in the coldest quarter. The mean pressure for the year = 29-610. TABLE XVI.—Height of the Barometer, with reference to the Moon’s Age and Declination for 1843. Number | | Height Number areas of of , farth F Days. | Barometer. t ae a : . |Barometer. . |Barometer. > og o in. b in. 29-558 29-566 -587 “599 561 -859 516 °085 +582 -687 744 743 -600 -641 29-732 -093 653 -702 ‘751 723 674 698 +082 -622 685 -560 . -492 628 : 514 -553 io] CoONAMNAwWMWH OS 0 1 2 3 4 5) 6 7 8 9 10 This Table has been formed from Table XV. in the manner already referred to, Table X. MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1843. 4a 278 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Atmospheric Pressure with reference to the Moon’s Age.—From the means in the Table, and the following means of groups, it is distinctly evident that a maximum of pressure occurs about two days after full Moon, and a minimum of pressure about two days after new Moon; the same result has been obtained, Table X., for that portion of the atmospheric pressure due to the aqueous vapour. 12 days till 18 me Full Moon, 29:668 | 27 days till 3 oe New Moon, 29-576 I Rehaooor: 22 691 OMe cee 7 ‘052 19yo Done 662 | 4 LE Tea “609 23), eee. PAS iat ‘608 Sie Lae er ‘668 Atmospheric Pressure with reference to the Moon’s Declination—The means in the previous Table, and in the following means of groups, indicate two maxima and two minima. The principal maximum occurs about two days before the Moon is on the equator moving northwards; the two minima are nearly equal, the one occurring when the Moon is farthest north, the other about two days before it is farthest south ; the secondary maximum occurs about one day before the Moon is on the equator moving southwards. 25 days till 3 ee Moon farthest North, 29°584 11 days till 17 eae Moon farthest South, 29°599 Oe aserles 6 605 ee 20 684 A ee eel Oe 640 GNM VN: he Ne 669 Mitan ane i eee 579 ite yt CEans Qf By 625 TABLE XVII.—Diurnal Range of the Barometer for each Civil Day, with the Weekly and Monthly Means for 1843. March. : . 0-153 | [0-122] | 0-260 311] : ° . : -049 “171 -083 : -207 D : : -105] -036 -360 ea +269 0 24 : : -212 : -455 4 434 3 9 3 é : d 359] -410 -12: 4 J é -444 +194 . . ; C ‘ . -388 -4.34 * . . . . . “426 -251] ) ‘081 ‘058 -330 -206 +334 -153 167] ‘088 : -089 ois d 304 102 -130 : : . 302 156 oils 5 2 267] -076 3 0 Sg 510 -130 é ¢ +295 367 266] ‘04 04 . -269 -509 oie 0% “Is -184 -509 : : -O4-¢ -O87 214 : 4 : at Lisi +203 . . -046 222] “180 . ‘08% -256 -333 -332 . : 385 -464 [ -228] : 046 20% os 037 OOnQuP wd = | Mean 34: 0-180 | 0-206 | 0-235 Le 0-169 *19¢ 0-166 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 279 The diurnal ranges have been obtained, in the first week in January, by taking the differences of the highest and lowest readings included between the first observation on the civil day and the first observation of the next civil day; the range for the 7th (Saturday) was obtained by including the last observation on the 6th. For the remainder of the year, the range for Mondays was obtained by including the first observations of Tuesday, and the range for the other days of the week by including the last observations of the previous days. Mean of the Diurnal Ranges of the Atmospheric Pressure.—The diurnal ranges are least in May, the mean for that month being 0-151 in., and greatest in November, the mean beg 0:355 in. The following are means for the three classes of groups, namely, The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer. The meteorological seasons for the year 1843, for which July, August, and September constitute summer. The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July constitute summer. Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical. Spring, oR, 0-185 0-207 Summer, , : leiG 175 ike eih Autumn, ; : -268 -982 205 Winter, : ; °243 243 301 Range of Means, . 0-092 0107 02130 The diurnal ranges are least for Summer of all the groups, and greatest for Autumn in the two meteoro- logical groups, but greatest for Winter of the astronomical group. ‘The latter group seems the most distinct, the difference of the means is also greatest for it. The mean of all the diurnal ranges for the year 1843 = 0-221 inch. TABLE XVIII.—Hourly Means of the Height of the Barometer for each Month and Quarter of 1843. Period. 208, 22h, On, 2h, 4h, 6h, gh, 10h, Mean |) Range. | Pressure. I 5: in. in. a in. in. is in. : in. =| in. ql in. a in. “|| in. i in. January 29-333 | 29-353 | 29-363 | 29-365 | 29-353 | 29-357 | 29-358 | 29-367 | 29-374 || 29-357 || 0-041 February 474. -482 D001 -O11 -498 -493 501 O15 -520 -499 | -046 March -647 -662 -669 -670 -662 -656 658 -670 -672 -662 || -025 April -480 -484 -486 -484 ‘477 472 477 -494 507 -487 -035 May -633 -636 -634 +628 ‘619 -606 098 607 -610 -620 -038 June -614 -621 -624 -627 -624 -616 -608 -613 +622 -619 ‘019 July -641 -641 -641 -642 -633 -629 +622 627 -632 635 -020 August -662 -669 -668 -660 -652 -641 -635 -645 657 -656 -034 | September -926 941 ‘949 +944 +933 -926 -926 -935 941 -935 -023 October -402 +414 -419 “415 ‘407 +394 -389 391 -391 -401 -030 November 431 -441 -460 -470 476 -481 +493 -499 -503 -471 072 _ December -962 -962 975 977 959 1953 956 -957 ‘961 -962 -024. Spring 587 -594 -596 594 086° 578 578 590 +596 -590 -018 Summer -639 -644 644 -643 ‘636 -629 -622 -628 -637 637 022 Autumn -586 -099 -609 -610 -605 -600 -603 -608 -612 -602 -026 Winter -090 -599 ‘613 -618 -603 -601 -605 613 -618 -606 028 The Year -600 -609 -616 ‘616 -608 -602 602 -610 -616 -609 -016 The observations in the first week of January were not made use of in obtaining the hourly means for 1 280 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. that month ; no observations having been made at 18" in the second week, a correction was applied to the mean for that hour of —0°327 in., obtained from Table XV. as follows :-— Mean pressure, Jan, 9—31, = 29:271 in. minus mean pressure, Jan. 16—31, = 29-598 in.t = — 0-327 in. P p The means were afterwards corrected by + 0-090 in., in order to render the mean for the month from these means equal to that obtained, Table XV., from all the daily means. Diurnal Variation of the Atmospheric Pressure.—The means for the majority of the months indicate the existence of two maxima and two minima; the periods of only one maximum and one minimum can be deter- mined from the nine observations. The means for the month of November present the greatest departure from the usual diurnal variation ; in that month the pressure increases continuously from 5 a.m. till 9 p.m. The following are the periods of the maximum and minimum, included in the observations from 5 a.m. till 9 p.m., for the mean meteorological and astronomical seasons. Mean Meteorological Seasons. Astronomical Seasons. Maximum. Minimum. Maximum. Minimum. Springs ee wo OM CAEN. 45 10™ p.m. 108 40™ a.m. 35 30™ p.m. Summer, . . 92 O™ a.m. 5) 10™ p.m. 9h O07 aM. 5h Om p.m. Autumn, . .. 102 20™ am. 35 20™ p.m. 8 40™ a.m. 4h 50™ p.m. Winter, . . 10° 50™ am. 2h 40™ p.m. 108 40™ a.m. 25 0” P.M. The maximum seems to occur earliest in the warmest quarter, and the minimum latest in the same quarter ; the maximum also occurs latest in the coldest quarter, and the minimum earliest in the same quarter. In the meteorological group, the principal maximum occurs at or after 9° 10™ p.m. for Spring, Autumn, and Winter, and the principal minimum occurs at or before 5" 10™ a.m. in Autumn and Winter. In the mean for the year, The principal minimum occurs at or before 5" 10™ a.m. Makerstoun mean time. A maximum occurs at 3 é coh VOR LOR vAcwi erie ee ees eee A minimum occurs at : F ; 4b 0 pity yor Saat a ene A maximum occurs at or after . : 95 10™ p.m. The pressure at 5" 10™ a.m. is very little less than that at 4" 10™ p.m., and the pressure at 9% 10™ pa. is exactly the same as at 99 10™ a.m., and 11" 10™ a.m. The mean pressure for the year occurs at 7> 10™ a.m. HARA se ae ORWS.c8 Ginn SAC an AMOS an HERR DEER eens OF 54™ p.m. Cees pee cesee stoat ane scars 65 54™ pM. The interval between the first two periods is 5? 44™ BAA ee nA nna Hat Gan second two periods is 6? 0™ Range of the Mean Diurnal Variation of Atmospheric Pressure.—The greatest diurnal range for any month is that for November, being 9-072 in.; the least is that for June, being 0°019 in. The diurnal range is greatest in Winter and least in Summer. The diurnal range of the quarterly means is greatest in Winter (whatever mode of grouping be adopted); it is least in Spring for the meteorological groups, and least in Summer of the astronomical group; the result for the latter is therefore the same as already obtained, Table XVII, for the mean of the diurnal ranges. The diurnal range of the means for the year 1843 is probably under 0°020 in., or about one-eleventh part of the mean of the diurnal ranges for the year. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 281 TABLE XIX.—Extreme Readings of the Barometer for each Month; Extreme Mean Daily Heights for each Month; and Extreme Diurnal Ranges for each Month, together with the Ranges and Means of the Extremes. Extreme Readings. Extreme Daily Means. Extreme Diurnal Ranges. | Month. Lowest. Range. Highest, Lowest. Range. | Mean. Greatest. Least. L in. A in. in. d. in. : in. in. : in. F in. | January 2 |27-837| 2-359 19 |30-169| 13 |28-022 29-095 1-044 0-060 February 28-770} 1-293 7 |30-026| 3 |28-914 29-470] 4 | 0-660 5 | 0-047 | March 28-969) 1-189 8 {30-125} < 29-063 29-594 0-669 0-053 | April 8 | 28-953] 0-883 29-791 29-026 29-408])*. \| 0-509 | 0-058 | May 29-108} 1-092 30-184 29-141 29-662 0-400 0:033 | June 28-618) 1-378 29-983 28-838 29-410 0-597 | 0-021 | July 29-135) 0-895 29-999| 29 |29.237 29-618 0-519 3 | 0-025 | August 29-065} 0-983 30-022} 3 |29-130 29-576 0-510 | 0-034 | September 29-385) 0-983 3 |30-323 29-500 29-911 0-412 | 0-029 } October . 28-415} 1-746 30-105 28-586 29-345 0-724 0-030 November 28-647| 1-518 30-080 28-963 29-521 0-655 | 2 |0-083 | December 29-462) 0-745 | 30-187 29-545 29-866 0-481 0-044. | Extremes of Atmospheric Pressure for 1843. in. , , Highest barometer occurred --- September 221 22 = 30-368 ee aes: JLAOGEIE: 040.506 dod O60. 00eho ono ODeedn January 134. gh — 27°837 Range = 2 531, mean = 29:102. Highest daily mean occurred--- September 234 = 30°323 pean Hypa s Hvowest. iscecsces enone manuary. a 134 — 28-022 Range = 2°301, mean = 29:172. Highest monthly mean occurred December = 29-963 ae A MM OWiEStiiciiniecereerceereeietasialeclarelsialelne January — sea Range == 605, mean = 29°660. in. The greatest diurnal range of pressure occurred .................. January 94, = 1:044. pI eR CaS Lemement severe < sie were actos alate PTI Po crates ols eles'sie\iels' sie atte June 1:29" 020211 The greatest range of pressure for a month occurred ............ January 134—194, = 2°359. sp OMe AStAM Mi fri. so tiacesiels «cchiosmtes sea eteiceiace vs ctiaineeicdedsiee rab December, = 0°745. The greatest range of mean daily pressure for a month occurred January 13¢—194, = 2147. TONS ICES Fal terion band Gage canH Seo nino sercd cunt ABBR HOH Er Iman Sass terete December, = 0°642. The mean of the highest and lowest readings in the year is 0°507 in. less than the mean for the year; the mean of the highest and lowest daily means is 0°437 in. less than the mean for the year. If we compare similarly the means of the highest and lowest readings and daily means in each month with the. monthly means, we obtain the following results :— Monthly Means minus Mean of Highest and Lowest Readings in each Month. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. +0°341 40-083 4+0:099 +0°092 —0-034 +0:312 +0:053 +0:100 +0:059 +0113 +0-065 + 0-128 Monthly Means minus Mean of Highest and Lowest Daily Means in each Month. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. in. in, in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. + 0-262 +0:029 +0:068 +0:079 —0:042 +0-:209 +0:017 +0:080 +0:024 +0:056 —0:050 + 0-096 MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1848. 4B 282 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. The monthly means exceed the means of the highest and lowest readings in each month excepting May, the mean of the twelve monthly maxima and minima being 0°118 in. less than the mean for the year. The monthly means exceed the means of the highest and lowest daily means in each month with the ex- ceptions of May and November; the mean of the twelve monthly maxima and minima of daily means being 0-069 in. less than the mean for the year.* TABLE XX.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of the Dry Air in 1848. Day. Jan. Feb. March. | April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. INoy-ea|e Dec: in. ie in. in. el in. ei in. 7 in. % in. i in. ® in. 3 in. si in. 4 in. if [etereees J} 29-035 | 29-468 | 28-704 | 29-920 | 29-009 | 29-184 | 29-102 | 29-576 |[29-353]] 29-322 | 29-712 29.747 | 28-910 | 29-714 |[28-968], 29-814 | 28-700 [29-159] 28-854 | 29-549 | 29-400 | 29.409 | 29-640 | 29-710 | 28-748 | 29-849 | 29-097 | 29.436 | 28-911 | 29.067 | 28-716 |[29-637]| 29-443 | 29-126 |[29-577] 29.263 | 29-296 | 29-951 | 28-906 | 29-113 |[29-094]| 29-315 | 28-773 | 29-756 | 29-371 | 29-032 | 29-624 | 29.440 |[29-359]/[29-824]| 29-129 | 29-045 | 29-429 | 28.987 | 29-080 | 29-808 | 29-298 |[29-140]| 29-277 29.502 | 29-678 | 29-685 | 29-049 | 29-025 | 29-392 | 28.983 |[29-132]| 29-565 | 28-787 | 29-144 | 29-583 929.072 | 29-785 | 29-781 | 28-783 |[29-286]] 29-127 | 29-195 | 29-403 | 29-676 | 28-697 | 28-982 | 29-368 [28-917]| 29-738 | 29.962 | 28.904 | 29.328 | 28-515 | 29-300 | 29-340 | 29-638 |[28.964]| 29-148 | 29-607 | 23-763 | 29-792 | 29.914 |[29-224]) 29-478 | 28-504 |[29-347]] 29.482 | 29-543 | 29-062 | 29-411 | 29-689 28-266 | 29-800 | 29-596 | 29-528 | 29-727 | 29-107 | 29-480 | 29.565 |[29-574]] 29-262 | 29-078 |[ 29-650] 28.458 | 29-830 | 29-589 | 29-612 | 29.711 |[29-175]| 29-648 | 29-567 | 29-319 | 28-680 | 29.557 | 29-656 | 28-528 |[29-593][29-413]] 29-465 | 29-495 | 29-687 | 29-477 | 29-569 | 29-618 | 28-858 |[29-543]| 29-820 27-820 | 29-605 | 29-012 | 29-528 | 29-141 | 29-644 | 29.410 |[29-488]] 29-646 | 29-112 | 29-716 | 29-757 28.233 | 29-416 | 28-995 | 29-185 |[29-320]| 29-596 | 29-412 | 29-492 | 29-403 | 29.360 | 29.883 | 29.657 [28-847] 29-117 | 29-373 | 29-463 | 29-101 | 29-621 | 29-341 | 29.372 | 29.309 |[29-223]] 29.612 | 29-562 29.261 | 28-972 | 29.497 |[29-423]| 29-103 | 29-583 |[29-303]| 29-357 | 29-363 | 29-201 | 29-588 | 29-837 29-548 | 29-277 | 29-236 | 29-487 | 29-369 | 29-557 | 29-440 | 29-349 |[29-429]| 29-164 | 29-111 |[29-754] 29.692 | 29-443 | 29.368 | 29-511 | 29-602 |[29-544]| 29-105 | 29-374 | 29-390 | 29-644 | 28-858 | 29-902 29-875 |[29-174]|[29-198]| 29-362 | 29.639 | 29-536 | 29-109 | 29-150 | 29-702 | 29.928 |[28.983]) 29-874 29.776 | 29-160 | 29-301 | 29-248 | 29.489 | 29-588 | 28-975 |[29-136]] 29-406 | 29-518 | 28-848 | 29-694 29.556 | 29-107 | 28-925 | 29-241 |[29-417]] 29-377 | 29-023 | 29.268 | 29.532 | 29.331 | 28-771 | 29.776 [29-475]| 29-082 | 28-859 | 29.233 | 29-251 | 29.490 | 28-965 | 28-747 | 29-882 |[29-319]| 28-724 | 29.476 29-292 | 29.167 | 28-947 |[29-230]] 29-277 | 29-492 |[29-226]| 28-931 | 29-943 | 29.214 | 28.970 | 29-611 29.084 | 29-328 | 29-333 | 29.537 | 29-243 | 29.514 | 29-485 | 29-167 |[29-703]| 29-002 | 29-157 |[29-720] 29.265 | 29-374 | 29-637 | 29.031 | 28-989 |[29-419]] 29-559 | 29-137 | 29-818 | 28.921 | 29-209 | 29.805 29.353 [29-203]|[29-463]| 29-091 | 28-884 | 29-420 | 29-350 | 29-236 | 29.671 | 29-078 |[29-201]) 29-808 29.030 | 25-846 | 29-618 | 29-345 | 28-813 | 29-331 | 29-368 [29-270] 29-372 | 29.095 | 28-776 | 29-842 29.036 | 29-034 | 29-600 | 29-126 |(29-149]| 24-269 | 29-293 | 29-107 | 29-405 | 28.322 | 29.348 | 29-899 |[29-081] 29-646 | 29-304 | 29-469 | 29-227 | 28-838 | 29-357 | 29-417 [28-990}]| 29-747 | 29-787 29-001 29-212 |[29-491]) 29-499 | 29-172 |[29-109]| 29-611 | 29-082 | 29-058 | 29-626 | 29-511 | 29-030 28-764 29-238 | 29-199 | 29-566 | 29-063 [29-463] —t tie Mean || 29-138 | 29-314 | 29-438 | 29-235 | 29-341 | 29-300 | 29.250 | 29-247 | 29.553 | 29-149 | 29-237 | 29-683 | | | | | This Table has been formed by subtracting Table IX. from Table XV. Annual Variation of the Pressure of Dry Air—The pressure of the dry air is least in January, being 29138 in. ; it increases from thence till March, then diminishes in April; after a slight increase in May it dimiishes till August, the pressure being nearly the same in that month as in April; it then increases con- siderably im September, and diminishes to a greater extent in October and November; the greatest pressure oceurs in December, being 29°683 in, The range of the monthly means is therefore 0-545 in. If the pressure in December be kept out of view, the annual variation for 1848 mdicates maxima in the equinoctial months, and minima near the solstices. The following are the means for the three different groups, namely, * J have pointed out elsewhere (Transactions of Sections, Report of Brit. Assoc. 1845, p. 15), that the means of the monthly maxima and minima are probably always less than the mean pressure in certain latitudes (including 50° and 60° north), but that in other latitudes the reverse is the case. he explanation of this fact will probably be found in the prevalence and excessive pressures of particular winds. PRESSURE OF Dry Arr. 2835 The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer. The meteorological seasons for the year 18438, for which July, August, and September constitute summer. The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July constitute summer. Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical. in. in. in. Spring, : . 1.) 29:338 29:292 29°329 Summer, i 4 -266 *350 297 Autumn, : : 313 356 °316 Winter, : : 378 297 358 Range of Means, . 0:112 0-064 0:056 For the mean meteorological and astronomical seasons, the dry air is greatest in Winter and least in Summer ; but the meteorological seasons for 1843 give the pressure greatest in Autumn and least in Spring, and do not shew any distinct connexion between the pressure and temperature. Such a connexion, indeed, is not perceptible in the monthly means ; the high value of the winter means is due to the high pressure in December, a month, in as far as temperature is concerned, more autumnal than hibernal. The mean pressure of the dry air for 1843 = 29-324 in. TABLE XXI.—Hourly Means of the Pressure of Dry Air for each Month and Quarter of 1843. Period. 184, 20h, 22u, Ob, Qh, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, Mean. || Range. | in. in. in. in. in. in, | in. in. in. in. in, January | 29-121 | 29-140 29-153 | 29-151 | 29-134 | 29-136 29-136 29-156 | 29-16 29-144 || 0-045 February +296 +305 +325 +331 +314 +308 | -318 -336 +337 ‘319 | -041 March -446 +455 448 434. -423 -421 | +427 447 “454 442 | -034 April «249 -236 -223 +224 +212 SONS 218 -238 -263 -237 || -052 May -369 +356 347 -336 +330 “313 313 -323 +331 +339 -056 June -306 “304 -303 -305 288 +284 +275 +295 :310 -300 035 3 July -277 -248 +243 +238 +226 234 | +219 +235 +254 +248 -058 August :307 -277 +245 -216 -209 -206 | -198 -212 +242 -245 || -109 September -602 O81 553 -530 -516 +521 -012 ‘533 -561 -554 || -090 October -169 +173 -168 -151 -149 -135 +137 -148 -154 ‘156 || -038 November - -201 -206 +221 22 Sialmeso Orth 242 261 -267 274 236 || -073 December 689 -689 -700 689 -670 668 679 684 | -688 685 || .032 Spring +355 +349 +339 331 | +322 “315 +320 -336 +349 -340 | :040 Summer :297 277 +263 +253 +241 +242 231 +247 -269 +265 -066 Autumn +324 -320 +314 :303 -297 +299 -304 -316 33 -315 033 Winter | +369 378 +392 -390 372 371 ‘377 +392 -396 -382 027 The Year -336 331 +328 -320 -309 307 | 308 +323 Bei7/ 326 -030 This Table has been formed by subtracting Table XI. from Table XVIII. Diurnal Variation of the Pressure of Dry Air.—An examination of the monthly means will shew that ‘they may be separated into two classes, namely, months in which two maxima and minima are visible, and months in which it is probable that only one maximum and minimum occur; the same division was noticed in the case of the total atmospheric pressure. One month, September, which shews a double maximum and. minimum of total pressure, shews only one of each for the dry air. The months in which double maxima and minima evidently occur are January, February, March, June, November, and December. | A maximum at 95 40™ a.m. A minimum at 2" 20™ p.m. Summer, { Astronomical Seasons. A maximum at 8210™ 4.m. The minimum at 2> 40™ p.m. Summer, The maximum before 55 a.m. The minimum at 4? 40™ p.m. Autumn, The maximum before 5" a.m. The minimum about 4" 20™ p.m. Winter The maximum after 9" p.w. The minimum before 5" a.m. eae a maximum at 92 40™ 4m. A minimum at 1® 40™ p.m. : The maximum after 92 p.w. A minimum before 5® a.m. Spring, The diurnal variation for the year 1843 gives— The maximum between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. The minimum at 3" 20™ p.m. The division, then, of the total pressure of the atmosphere into two parts, namely, the dry air and aqueous vapour, indicates only a single maximum and minimum in the diurnal curve for the year (as has been shewn by M. Dove and Colonel Sasine). The minimum pressure of dry air takes place nearly two hours after the maximum temperature. We have still the double maximum and minimum in the Winter months. Why are both exhibited in the pressure of the dry air in Winter? We have seen that the diurnal range of the aqueous vapour follows, to some extent, the diurnal range of temperature, and that it is greater in Summer than in Winter. We have also seen that, for the year 1843, the diurnal variation of the total atmospheric pressure has a greater range in Winter than m Summer. It seems curious that the diurnal range of total pressure should diminish when the ranges of its two components increase, and that, when the diurnal ranges of the two components diminish, the diurnal range of the compound pressure should increase. There is no difficulty in seeing, even if the theory be at fault, or if the pressure of aqueous vapour be imaccurately determined, that the comparatively great diurnal range of aqueous vapour pressure for the summer months, and for the year, will swamp the smaller range of the total pressure, and produce a curve for the dry air, with a smgle maximum and minimum, inverse to that for the pressure of aqueous vapour. ‘The fact that, when the diurnal range of the aqueous vapour pressure is least, namely, in Winter, the diurnal range of the total pressure is greatest, and the double maximum and minimum most distinctly marked both for the assumed dry air and total pres- sures, leave this mode of resolution with its original difficulties. It was pointed out, Table XI., that a secondary maximum and minimum of the pressure of aqueous vapour occurred in several months about 1, 3", and 5" p.m. No such periods were observed for the humidity or total atmospheric pressure. Of course, then, in assuming the total pressure to be composed of the pressures of dry air and of aqueous vapour (as calculated), we may expect to find the dry air accommodating itself to the calculated vapour pressure. Accordingly, as has been noticed above, secondary minima and maxima of dry ur occur at the same times as the secondary maxima and minima of aqueous vapour. This does not seem very probable, > — a a PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 285 Month. Highest. Lowest. Range. Monthly Mean minus Mean. d. in. d. in. in. in. in. January | 19 29-875 13 27-820 2-055 28-847 || +0-297 February 11 | 29-830 | 3 | 28-748] 1-082 | 29-289 | +0-030 March | 8 | 29-962] 31 | 28-764 | 1-198 | 29.364 +0:079 April 11 | 29-612 1 | 28-704 | 0-908 | 29-158 || +0.079 May | 1 | 29-920 | 27 | 28-813 | 1-107 | 29.366 — 0-027 June 12 | 29-687 9 | 28-504] 1-183 | 29-095 | +0-205 July | 11 29-648 | 29 | 28.838 | 0-810 | 29.243 + 0-005 ; August | 30 | 29-611 3 | 28-716 | 0-895 | 29-163 || 40-082 4 September | 23 29-943 | 30 29-082 | 0-861 29-512 | +0-042 } October | 19 | 29-928 | 28 28-322 | 1-606 | 29-125 || +40-031 | November | 14 | 29-883 | 22 | 28-724 | 1-159 | 29-303 || -0.067 | December | 18 | 29-902| 5 | 29.277] 0.625 | 29.589 +0.096 This Table has been formed from Table XX. in. The highest mean daily pressure of dry air occurred March 84 = 29-962 da etee Mary Tae Nomex. ah Ne eter on een ae nee Jan. 13¢ = 97-820 | Fe ee a This mean is 0°433 in. less than the mean for the year. The mean of the 12 monthly maxima and minima of the daily means is 0-071 in. less than the mean for the year. The greatest monthly range of the daily means occurred January 13—19 = 2-055, HMhopleas tm aut ce desman cAN ES cata auc ahaa « auaktes’ December = 0°625. The ranges and means give nearly the same results as have been obtained for the total atmospheric pressure. TABLE XXIII.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of Wind in Pounds on the Square Foot of Surface, deduced from the greatest Pressures occurring between the Two Hourly Observations. Civil Day. March. WCOWMMA Wwe [0-58] 0-07 MAG. AND MET. OBS. 1848. 4 286 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XXIII.—Continued. The means in this Table have been obtained from the daily observations by the following formula :—The observation at 18 being that of the maximum pressure of wind which has occurred from 10" of the previous evening (excepting Monday mornings, when it is the maximum pressure which has occurred from about noon of the previous day), the observation at 18" may be used as the maximum pressure belonging to some one couple of hours in the previous morning (excepting on Mondays), M being the daily means of the maxima in the previous Table, S the sum of the nine daily observations, 10,, the maximum observed at the 10" preceding the 18" observation, 10, the maximum observed at the 10" succeeding the 18" observation, then mM — 5+ 10 + 20 + 10, 12 For Mondays the means have been obtained by the formula 9 +3 x 20 + 10, 12 M = where S’ is the sum of the eight observations from 20" till 10"; the observation at 18" obviously could not be used for the daily means on Mondays. The means of the four daily observations were taken for the daily means in the first week of January. Annual Variation of the Means of the Maximum Pressures of the Wind.—The greatest monthly mean is that for January, bemg 2°02 Ib., and the least is that for September, being 0°321b. The pressure diminishes from January till March, when there is a mimimum, the means for the four months following being greater ; it increases from September to December. The following are the means for the three groups of seasons, namely, ‘The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August constitute summer, The meteorological seasons for 18438, for which July, August, and September constitute summer. The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July constitute summer. Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical. Ib. Ib. lb. Spring, 3 ; 0°71 0-76 0-96 Summer, : ' 0°58 0°45 0°68 Autumn, ‘ ' 0:72 1:08 0:52 Winter, : c 1-62 1:34 1:47 Range of Means, . 1:04 0-89 0°95 The pressure is greatest in the coldest quarter and least in the warmest quarter of 1843. The mean for the year of the maximum pressures = 0-91 Ib, PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 287 TABLE XXIV.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the Pressure of Wind in Pounds on the Square Foot of Surface, deduced from the greatest Pressures observed within 10™ a¢ the hours of Observation. March. Ib. 0-22 0-28 0-07 0-08 [0-11] 0-03 [0-48] 0-42 0-18 0-77 0-22 0-47 0-07 [0-21] 0-23 [0-24] | 0-03 0-25 0-49 0-39 The means in this Table have been obtained from the nine observations by the formula already given, Table I., for the temperature of the air. The daily means in the first week of January are the means of the four daily observations. Annual Variation of the Means of the Maximum Pressures of Wind at the Hours of Observation.—Naming these pressures the mean pressures, for which they may be taken approximately, we find the same law of varia- tion as for the maximum pressures. The mean pressure is greatest for January, the mean being 1°29 ]b.; it diminishes till March, in which there is a minimum, the means for the four months following being greater ; the least pressures occur in August and September, the mean for the latter being 0°16 lb. ; the pressure then increases till December. The following are the means for the three groups of seasons :— Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. Astronomical. | Tb, lb. 1b. Spring, : : 0:40 0:43 0°56 Summer, ‘ é 0°31 0:23 0°38 Autumn, . . 0:35 0:54 0°25 . Winter, : ; 0:96 0°83 0.83 Range of Means, . 0°65 0:60 0°58 288 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1845. The mean pressure is greatest for the mean meteorological winter, and least for the warmest quarter of 1848. The mean pressure for the year 1843 = 0:50 lb. The monthly means of the maimum pressures, Table XXIII., bear to the monthly means of the mean pressures, Table XXIV., the following ratios :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1:57 1-66 178 1:80 Lr 7| 1:30 1-80 2°35 2:00 2:00 2:08 1:98 The mean for the year of the maximum pressures is 1°82 times greater than the mean for the year of the mean pressures. TABLE XXV.—Maximum Pressure of Wind in each Civil Day in 1848, with the Monthly Means. re Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ib. lb. lb. Ib. lb. Tb. lb. Tb. | Ib. lb. 1b. lb. 1 2.0 6-8 1-0 2-8 0-8 0-9 3-0 2.3 0-2 2.4 0-1 0-8 2 1-2 6-2 1-2 0:8 0-6 1-0 3-8 2.2 0-5 2-4 0-0 2-0 3 1-0 5-5 0-5 2.0 0-5 1-6 5-1 1.2 3-6 0-7 0-2 2-5 4 3-0 | 12:8 0:5 1-2 0-9 1-8 1-3 0-2 1-1 1-9 2-4 3-0 5 3-0 1-8 2.5 2-8 4-8 1-5 0-9 2 0-4 0-8 4-5 7-6 6 1-5 25 0-8 2-5 2-8 0:6 2.2 2.2 0-7 2.7. 2-8 5-5 7 5-8 2.0 1-2 1-5 2-6 1-1 0-6 1-5 0-6 2.8 4.2 4:9 8 3:5 2.2 0-0 2.2 1-7 3-6 0-5 1-5 0-2 3-8 3-4 3-2 9 3-8 3.5 0-5 1-0 1-4 2.9 0-6 0-1 0-6 0-5 0-7 0-2 10 6.0 3-2 0-2 2-8 0-9 3-5 1-7 0-2 0-3 0-1 0-5 0:7 11 5.5 1-2 0:5 3.2 0-8 1-7 0-7 0-7 0-6 0-8 0-5 1-2 12 0-0 0-8 1-8 5-5 0-6 0-7 1-9 0-6 0-5 7-5 0-7 1-1 13 3-5 0-8 5-0 2-5 | 2-0 1-2 0-5 0:3 0:5 4-1 0-3 | 3:6 14 7.5 3-0 0-8 4-0 1-2 1-4 1-1 1-0 0-4 0-8 10 | 6-1 15 2.0 0-5 0-8 2-0 1-2 0-8 2-6 0-8 0:65. | awl? 3-8 7-5 16 1-8 0-2 1-2 0-8 2.4 1-0 2-6 0:3 2-1 0-2 0-5 0-8 17 3-0 1-0 2.8 0-5 2.5 0-4 0-6 0-5 0-7 3-1 3-9 3-1 18 3-0 0-5 1.2 2.0 1-2 0-5 3-4 0-2 2.71 0:9 4.5 | 0:3 19 1-8 1-5 1.2 1-0 1.4 1-0 1-3 0:3 0-2 0-4 2-6 0-3 20 1-2 3-8 0-5 0-8 1-9 0-2 1-3 1-1 1-2 1-5 5-1 1-1 21 0:8 2.5 1-8 0:5 1-7 1-5 1-6 1-2 1.0 1-6 3-8 0-2 22 1-5 0-8 2.5 0-5 0:8 0-3 0-6 2-0 0-1 4.2 7-2 7:3 23 3-0 1-2 2.0 1-5 1-0 1-2 6-1 1-9 0-2 4.7 0-3 5-2 24 3. 0-8 2.2 3-0 2-8 0:5 0-4 0-4 0:3" | 2 4:9) /=0:0 3-4 25 3-2 0.2 3-0 4-8 1-6 0-5 0-2 1-9 2:01" | 0:7 | 00 2.2 26 2-5 1.2 4-0 0-8 1-6 0-5 1-9 0-6 1-1 0-6 | 4:3 3-0 27 6-0 2.5 2.8 2.2 0-7 2.0 2.3 1-4 2.1 1-0 4.7 0-8 28 9-0 2.0 1-2 1-8 3-0 2-8 0-7 2-9 2.4 CG alas 1-8 29 5-0 0-5 0-7 2.0 1-5 1-9 1.3 O:7.- |246: laa ees 1-7 30 9-8 0-5 1-5 0-7 1-9 1-7 0-2 1-6, | 20:3) eeo Da mance 31 7-2 3-8 0-9 0-9 0-2 0-3 | | 4-2 Mean || 3-60 | 2-54 | 1-56 1-96 | 1-58 | 1-34 | 1-74 | 1-11 | 0:97 | 2-14 | 246 | 2.87 If the maximum pressure observed at 18" on Monday morning was greater than the maximum observed about noon on Sunday, the former was taken as the maximum for Sunday. The monthly means of the maximum pressure of wind in each day follow nearly the same law as the monthly means, Tables XXIIT. and XXIV. PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 289 TABLE XXVI.—Means of the Maximum Pressures of Wind between the Hours of Observation for each Month and Quarter of 1843. Period. January February March April May June July August September October November December Spring Summer Autumn Winter The Year The observations in the first week of January were not made use of in obtaining the hourly means for that month in Tables XX VI. and XXVIII. No observations having been made at 18" in the second week, a cor- rection was applied to the mean for that hour of —0-11 in Table XXVI., and of —0-14 in Table XXVIL., obtained from Tables XXIII. and XXIV. as follows :— {Mean pressure, January 9—31 = 2:21 minus mean pressure, January 16—31 = 2°32} = — O11. {Mean pressure, January 9—31 = 1°43 minus mean pressure, January 16—31 = 1:57} = — 0-14. The means for January in Tables XX VI. and XXVII. are further corrected by —0:15 and — 0-10 re- spectively, in order to render the means for that month equal to those obtained Tables XXIII. and XXIV. Diurnal Variation of the Maximum Pressure of Wind.—The means for the months of January, February, and December are very irregular, presenting two or three maxima and two or three minima within the nine daily observations ; in the other months only one maximum is evident, occurring between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. The minimum occurs after 9 p.m. and before 7 a.m. ‘The following are the interpolated hours for the maximum for the mean meteorological and astronomical seasons, obtained on the assumption that the means correspond to the middle of the interval to which they belong ; for example, that the mean of the maximum pressures occur- ring betwixt 04 and 2" correspond to 1" :—* Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Astronomical. Spring, : : 15 20™ p.m. 1" 40™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. Summer, . : 12 10™ p.m. SD OREM ey Hc ah lt. oes an BS Autumn, . eee te Op te eed ORO MAUM I Cates ease ss-cccoeeistt Winter, 3 : OF 10™ Peat: TSU.» SKE Sad meget ei The maximum pressures occur latest in the day in Spring, and earliest in Autumn and Winter, A secondary minimum and maximum occur in Winter of the meteorological group about 2" p.m. and 4 p.m, respectively, and in Winter of the astronomical group about 4" p.m. and 6” p.m. respectively. The maximum in the diurnal variation for the year occurs at 0° 30™ p.m. ‘The value of the maximum pressure increases regularly from 8> 10™ a.m. till 02 30™ p.m. at the rate of 0-08 lb. per hour, and it diminishes from 0° 30™ p.m. till 8? 10™ at the same rate. * This assumption is obviously inexact, as the means of the maximum pressures, while the pressure is increasing, will most pro- bably belong to nearly the termination of the periods in which they occur, but since, while the pressure is diminishing, they will probably correspond to nearly the commencement of the periods, the interpolated time of maximum will not be affected by the error of the hypothesis. MAG. AND MET. oBs. 1843. 4D 290 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XXVII.—Means of the Maximum Pressures of Wind within 10™ a¢ the Hours of Observation for each Month and Quarter of 1843. Period. January February March April May June July August September October November December Spring Summer Autumn ‘Winter The Year | 184. 202, 22h, ob, 2h, Ib. 1b. Ib. Ib. 1b. 123533) 1627p U7)" 140 0-87 | 0-80 | 0-75 | 1-10 | 1-15 0-29 | 0-18 | 0-31 | 0-50 | 0-60 0:37 | 0-46 | 0-63 | 0-85 | 0-89 0-20 | 0-33 | 0-44 | 0-56 | 0-71 0-24 | 0-32 | 0-50} 0-62 | 0-62 0-25 | 0-28 | 0-48 | 0-39 | 0-56 0:05 | 0-07 | 0-27 | 0:33 | 0-34 0:06 | 0-07 | 0-27 | 0-40 | 0-44 0-48 | 0-35 | 0-44 | 0-62 | 0-68 0-57 | 0-52 | 0-40 | 0-82 | 0-57 0-75 | 0-71 | 0-78 | 0-58 | 0-95 0-29 | 0-32 | 0-46 | 0-64 | 0-73 0-18 | 0-22 | 0-42 | 0-45 | 0-51 0-37 | 0-31 | 0-36 | 0-61 | 0-56 0-95 | 0-95 | 1:05 | 1-15 | 1-17 0-44 | 0-45 | 0-57 | 0-71 | 0-74 4h 62, lb. lb. 1-15 1-16 1-13 | 0-86 0-61 | 0-22 0-58 | 0-63 0-65 | 0-70 0-61 | 0-50 0-67 | 0-41 0-31 0-33 0-32 | 0-09 0-48 | 0-33 0-50 | 0-33 0-62 | 0-67 0-61 | 0-52 0-53 | 0-41 0-43 | 0-25 0-97 | 0-90 0-63 | 0-52 gh 10h Mean. | Range. Ib. Ib. lb. | lb. 1-07 | 1-10 || 1-28 | 0-70 0-62 | 0-70 || 0-86 | 0-53 0-14 | 0-21 || 0-32 || 0-47 0-24 | 0.26 || 0-49 || 0-65 0-36 | 0-20 || 0-40 | 0-51 0-39 | 0-30 || 0-41 || 0-38 0-32 | 0-15 || 0-34 || 0-52 0-16 | 0-06 || 0-17 || 0-29 0-03 | 0-07 || 0-16 | 0-41 0-24 | 0-23 || 0-41 || 0-45 0-21 | 0-37 | 0-47 | 0-61 0-98 | 0-55 || 0-71 || 0-43 0-25 | 0-22 || 0-40 || 0-51 0-29 | 0-17 || 0-31 | 0-36 0-16 | 0-22 || 0-35 || 0-45 0-89 | 0-79 || 0-95 || 0-38 0:39 | 0-35 || 0-50 || 0-39 Diurnal Variation of the Mean Pressures of the Wind.—The means for the month of December are ir- regular, presenting three maxima and three minima within the nine observations ; February, March, October, and November indicate two maxima and two minima in the twenty-four hours. in general, about 1” p.m. astronomical seasons :— Seasons. a Ue Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, The maximum pressure occurs, The following are the periods of the maxima for the mean meteorological and Mean Meteorological. Ob 50™ p.m. Qh §0™ p.m. 115 40™ a.m. Ob 50™ p.m. Astronomical. 0» 30™ p.m. Makerstoun mean time. 22°20" PM: Ob 40™ pia. 115 50™ a.m. ee ee i The periods for the astronomical group are the most distinct and regular ; from these the maximum pres- sure of wind occurs latest in Summer, about an hour after the maximum temperature, and earliest in Winter, about an hour before the maximum temperature. an hour before the maximum temperatures. pressure occurs at 7? 10™ a.m. and another at 7" 10™ p.m. In Spring and Autumn the maximum pressures occur about In Autumn of the mean meteorological group a minimum of In Spring of the astronomical group minima occur at 7° 10™ a.m. and 72 10™ p.m. =) 5S In Autumn In Winter ee ee iy a minimum occurs at 7" 10™ a.m. a minimum occurs at 5° 10™ p.m., and a maximum at 7" 10™ p.m. In the means for the year the maximum pressure occurs at 0? 25™ p.m, or an hour before the maximum The pressure increases regularly from 7" 10™ a.m. till 0" 25" p.m., at the rate of temperature of the air. 0:06 Ib., and it diminishes from 0» 25™ till 7" 10™ at the same rate. The forenoon and afternoon branches of the mean diurnal curve are therefore straight lines, forming the same angle with the ordinates. ‘PRESSURE OF THE WIND. TABLE XXVIII—Maximum Pressures of Wind, with the Maxima of the Daily Means, Tables XXIV. and XXV., and corresponding Directions of the Wind for each Month in 1848. January February March April July August September October November December Maximum Pressure. Max. of Daily Means of Maz. Pressures. SW. SW by W. | Max. of Daily Means of Mean Pressures. SW by W. NNW. NNW. WNw. SW. The greatest pressure of the wind in the year 1843 occurred February 44 205-22", being 12-8 lb., the wind blowing from N. by W. The greatest mean daily pressure occurred January 304, the wind blowing from W. ; being, for the maxima between the hours of observation, 6°6 lb., and for the maxima at the hours of observation (or mean), 5:0 Ib. The maximum pressure of the wind in three months occurs between 1" p.m. and 9) p.m.; the greater number of the monthly maxima seem to occur between midnight and noon. The monthly maxima occurred on five months while the wind was blowing in the quadrant from N. to W. ; on four months while the wind was blowing from between 8S. and W.; on one month while blowing from S. ; and on two months while blowing from between N. and E. All the monthly maxima of the daily means occurred with winds from between NW. by W., and SSW. ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XXIX.—Number of times which the Wind blew from each Point of the Compass at the together with the swms of the Pres- January. February. March. April. May. June. Wind blowing from Times. | Press. || Times. | Press. || Times.| Press. || Times.| Press. || Times. | Press. || Times. | Press. 1b. lb. lb. 1b. lb. lb. N. 5 | 82 3-9 3 4] 08:2 7 \i 5-8 N by E. 10 | 13-1 0-4 BL | osx NNE. 11 6-7 4 2-6 2 0-6 11 4.9 | NE by N. 25 | 13-0 3 | 06 11, >|) 5-4) Wesel nig o NE. 22 | 16-3 4 | 24 6 || «4:7 | 38 4/°20-0.ni| 27m aio) NE by E. g | 44) 3 | a2 | 9 |) 05 oo. \i5-4 5 liam ieee ENE. 12 Wats5 elton atte? 2 | 30:6 |l24 16:9) | ae ey E by N. Vere al oGy alee 1 | 0-2 3) 12' )|2-8-9 E. Atal DN 0:7 6 | 43 Tee ees | E by S. 101038 1. 40:2 6-2 | ESE. Tl 0-5 1 0-1 | SE by E. SE. 3.7 16-5 1 10:2 3 0|| aleG PN Thee) | SE by S. 13.0 Sealers i | 03 | SSE. Bile 32 Be || Chaya S by E. Sis 73 6 | 3-3 8 | 88 3 1:5 | a 4 | 22 | 11 | 166 | 9-3 Oa Reacs| | S by W. 3.1 2:5 hoe aienOr 20 | 5 | 66 | SSW. 7 16:6 2 | 04 4.7 Siailieas.s eh Gut | SW byS. D1 25-4 2 5-4 7 | 10-5 0-5 12 7-0 4 4.3 | SW. 96))| 51-1 || 18 | 262 (I 12 }9-6 | 19 \\rl-onl| 7 ||) 42) leans | SW by W 44 | 543 Bi MdcOy ll we disl 8275) XO} alea9:3 Sulla dea: 3 | 22 | WSw T\eges 5 | 26 9°91) 6:8. 760715. 8 ee ete W by S. 14 | 12-6 9 | 14-2 Ps OS 6 wlapses Ww. 15 | 33-9 2 | 04 6 | 7-7 10 | 9-0 W by N. 1 | 82 1 pass 1 1-2 | eel OE | WNW 4 | 18:3 4 1-6 3 2-4 4 ely he i 0-6 2 2-4 | NW by W 5 | 21.9 1-5 Oye ech) Nw. g | 188 Goi zap 3 | 22 | NWbyN S| 14-6 Mian |oa7-0 Gh gasboal 2 | 3.0 NNW PP aoe |e any) es 1 | 0.2 ie Mech | 3-1) eel | Nby w. 3 | 2:81 905, 1) 41Om nea gas Be | SiS) | 2 |) ate | PRESSURE AND DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 295 Observation Hours, with a Pressure of one-tenth of a pound or upwards on a square foot of surface, sures for each Month in 18438. July. Times. | Press. Ib. 3 0-9 2 0-3 9 2-5 3 1-2 2 0-2 5 1-4 2 0-3 1 0-1 2 0:6 1 0-2 3 0:5 2 0-7 15 6:6 17 11-1 45 41-0 9 4:5 8 4-4 5) 2-3 9 5-2 5 3:5 | 2 0:8 2 0-5 2 2-3 2 0-3 | August. Times. | Press. Ib. 1 0-1 1 0-1 1 0-1 3 0-6 3 0:5 3 0-8 1 0-1 1 0-1 5 1-0 5 3:6 13 8:8 5 3-7 11 5-2 17 8-3 24 12-0 6 3-2 6 1-6 3 1-1 1 0-1 2 0-3 1 0-3 MAG. AND MET. oss, 1848. September. Times. | Press. Da Oo O wore HON o or 0-1 0:3 0-4 0-2 0.4 2:0 1-2 1-2 2-3 1-0 6:3 1-6 1-2 1-2 2-6 0:3 0-1 0:4 1-9 1-1 3-0 8-1 i ® DO DO — —& WHO WO = |—CO — = Jo. I~? \? °° October. November. ¢ December. Times. | Press. || Times.| Press. || Times. | Press. Ib. 1b. Ib. 3 1-8 1 0-5 4 7:7 5 4.2 2 0-3 1 0-2 0-4 6 1-1 3-4 1 0-1 4-4 1 1-4 2 0-9 1 0-1 2 2-5 3 0-4 3 0-6 4 2-7 32 33-0 25 17-9 11 5-2 5 1-8 19 20-0 32 19-3 31 19-8 90 91-1 16 7:3 4 4-6 1 2-6 17 3:9 8 6-5 18 13:3 4 1-5 5 3-7 3 1-9 8 7:2 5) 5-2 10 19-3 5 6:5 2 1-2 4 4:8 5 4-2 4 9-9 9 2.4 2 0-8 3) 1:3 9 17-8 3 3-4 2 1-7 8 2-4 4 1-6 3 4-7 3 0-9 Wind blowing from 294 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. In forming the sums for January in Table XXIX., the following quantities, estimated from the four daily observations, were used as belonging to the first week in that month :— Wind. Times. Sums of Pressure. Wind. Times. Sums of Pressure. 1b. 1b. NNW. 1 0:2 W by S. » 3:0 NW by W. 4 2-4 SW by W. 15 13-4 NW. 5 4:3 SSW. 3) 3:2 W 9 6-2 Annual Variation of the number of times which the Wind blew, as deduced from the observations made at 9 two hourly intervals. The following are the sums of the times which the wind blew at the observation hours for each month, as obtained from Table XXIX. :— Jan. Feb. March, April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dee. 177 149 127 —s-185 170 187 161 113 113 159 126 173 The number of times which the wind blows is a maximum in January, the number diminishes to March when it is a minimum, it increases to June when it is a maximum, diminishes agai to August and Septem- ber when it is a minimum, and increases till December when the number is nearly the same as in January. The only exception to the regularity of this increase and diminution is in November, in which month the num- ber is less than in October. In the year 1848 the wind blew most frequently at the solstices and most seldom at the equinowes. The range of the variation of the numbers is 74, or 2 of the greatest number, 187, that for June. Annual Variation of the number of points of the compass in which the Wind blew.—The following are the number of points of the compass in which the wind blew for each month :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec. Lf 17 24 27 20 25 24 21 29 24 20 9 The wind, therefore, seems to be least variable at the Winter solstice, and more variable at the equinoxes than at the summer solstice. Annual Variation of the sums of the Pressure of the Wind.—This, of course, is the same as has been already obtained, Table X XIV., for the means of the pressures ; or the maximum near the winter solstice, minima at the equinoxes, and a secondary maximum near the summer solstice. The sums, as obtained from Table XXIX., are as follow :— Jan. Heb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. lb, Ib. lb. lb. tb. lb. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. lb. Ib. 561-6 191-4 829: 122°9 - 4111-64 L0G:4: 9:4 62:2 45:8 100:34) 1UIGiawaRs Annual Variation of the Mean Pressure of the Wind when blowing.—-The means, Table XXIV., are the mean pressures throughout the 24 hours. The following means are obtained by dividing the sums of the pressures by the number of times which the wind blew :— Jan. Keb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 1b. Ib. 1:48 1:28 0°65 0-91 0:66 0:57 0°57 0:46 0-41 0-63 0:89 0-99 The mean pressure of the wind when blowing is a maximum in January and December ; it is a minimum in September. There is also a minimum in March, but it is not sufficiently marked to produce a distinct maxi- mum near the summer solstice, as shewn by the swms of the pressures. From this the wind seems to blow with the greatest force near the coldest, and with the least force near the hottest period of the year. The range of the monthly means of the pressure of wind while blowing is 1:07 Ib. PRESSURE AND DIRECTION OF THE WIND. 295 TABLE XXX.—Sums of the Pressures of Wind in Table XXIX., resolved for each Month and Quarter into the Four Cardinal Points of the Compass, together with the Value and Direction of the Resultant. Resolved Sums in Resultant. Period. - N. E. S. W. Sums. Means. Directions. |” ae. Ib. Ib. cen Ib. ras ° January | 49-8 7:7 113-3 216-7 218-4 1-23 Wi lies: February 120-2 42-4 29-1 55-7 92-1 0-62 N. 8 W. March 26-6 30-1 33-8 25-8 8-4 0:07 S. 31 E. April 27-8 9-7 50-9 63-4 08-5 0-43 W. 23 8. May 34-5 63-4 30-8 15-7 48-9 0-29 E. 4N., June 50-7 32-8 21-6 30-9 29-2 0-16 N. 4E. July 9-4 4-5 50-2 58-6 67-8 0-42 W. 37S. August 1-6 2-9 40-0 22-0 42-9 '| 0-38 S. 26 W. September 20-4 4-6 14-5 17-7 14-4 0-13 W. 24 N. October 29-7 11-9 30-6 55-2 43-3 0-27 Weeeles: November 21-9 0-9 53-5 71-6 76-5 0-61 W. 2458 December 0-9 0-0 105-0 122-9 161-1 0-93 W.408 Mean Met. Qrs. | Spring 88-9 | 103-2 | 115-5 | 104-9 26-7 0:06 | Si 4°W. Summer 61-7 40-2 111-8 111-5 87-1 0-19 W. 358 Autumn 72-0 17-4 98-6 144-5 129-9 0-33 W. 128. Winter 170-9 50-1 247-4 395-3 353-6 0-71 W.1358 Astron. Qrs. | Spring | 174-6 82-2 113-8 144-9 87:3 0-21 W. 44 N. Summer | 94-6 100-7 102-6 105-2 9-2 0-02 8S. 29 W. Autumn | 517). 14 | S61 | 949 |) 82% | 081 |° W248. Winter | 72-6 8.6 | 271-8 411-2 449-2 0-94 W. 268. The Year | 393-5 | 210-9 | 573-3 | 756-2 || 574.2 | 0-32 | W.18S. The mean resultants are obtained from the sum resultants in dividing the latter by the numbers of times which the wind blew. Annual Variation of the Resultant Pressure of the Wind.—The resultant sums and means of pressures are the maximum in January and the minimum in March, a secondary minimum occurs in June, secondary maxima occurring in the months before and after it, and a minimum occurs in September, differing little in value from that for March; the resultant increases from thence till December. The quarterly periods for the astronomical group seem most regular. The resultant is nearly zero for the astronomical summer, it has about equal values in Spring and Autumn, and it is greatest in Winter. The direction of the Resultant is between 8. and W. seven months of the year, namely, in January, April, July, August, October, November, and December; it is between N. and W. two months, namely, in February and September ; it is between N. and EK. two months, namely, in May and June; and it is between S. and E, one month, namely, March. The direction of the resultant wind for 1843 is W. 18° S. 296 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XXXI.—Number of times which the Wind blew from each Point of the Compass at foot of surface, together with 18, | 204. 22h, Ob. 2h, 4h, Wind blowing from Times. | Press. || Times.| Press. || Times.| Press. || Times. | Press. || Times. | Press. || Times. | Press. a ae 1b. Ib. Ib. lb. Ib. lb. N 1-1 3 2-2 0-5 6 4-7 4-8 a 4-8 N by E. 3 5-4 3 2-6 3 3-2 3 4-4 2 0-4 2 2-3 NNE. 2 0-3 6 2.0 "4 2-0 6 2-8 Uf 4:8 (| G7/ NE by N. 12 5-4 12 3-8 14 4-1 10 4:3 11 4-7 12 5-9 NE. 9 3-0 8 4-0 10 6-5 12 7-6 12 6-2 18 11-9 NE by E. 1 1-0 a 3-2 3 1-9 9 4-1 9 5-2 12 5-9 ENE. 5 4-5 5 3-2 8 5-9 9 6-0 16 12-2 10 6-9 E by N. 2 0-3 2 2-4 4 4-7 4 3-0 3-4 5 4-8 E. 3 3-4 1 0-2 2 1-2 2 0-9 2 1-1 4 3-0 E by 8. ooo 1 0:8 2 2:7 2-5 ESE. see eee ate eee 1 0-5 oils Sou ae S00 D) 0:3 SE by E. 1 0-3 SE. 2 3-2 2 3-2 1 0-1 1 0-5 2 1-3 1 0-2 SE by S. 3 3-5 1 0-8 2 0-4 SSE. 2 2:6 1 0-2 2 1-3 4 1-5 3 1-2 S by E. 1 0-4 3 2-1 7 3-7 U 7:3 3 ‘4.2 3 2-2 S. 3 5-8 5 5-0 3 3-4 a 4.4 6 8-1 5 3-5 S by W. 1 1-4 4 2-0 3 2-9 3 2-0 6 5:7 7 5-1 SSW. 8 11-7 9 4-9 16 9.2 16 10-9 16 9-5 13 13-5 SW by 8. 8 9-8 11 8-1 10 7:9 16 16-6 20 17-3 15 12-1 SW. 28 | 31-4 28 | 23-7 32 | 33-9 42 | 34-7 39 | 42-0 41 | 32-9 SW by W. 11 | 7-8 12) )| 12-05) 17 196°) 12 | 05-45) Wa} 15-85) arensleO%G WSW. 9 9-4 12 6-2 11 7-9 12 4:8 12 8-8 12 8-4 W by 8. 4 1-5 7 4-1 8 6-8 8 7:8 8 35) ea aoe W. 6 2:3 7 12-3 8 9-3 7 16-4 9 14.2 | 11 15-9 W by N. 4 9-4 2 6-4 5 | 8-6 4 2:5 || WNW. 3) ore ale noel Mars Bi] a7 eo | to amish limotaan 115 | NW by W. 3 6-4 1 6-0 2 0-5 4 2-6" 3 3-3 3 | 2-0 | NW. 2 1-4 5 2-1 6 4-6 11 15-7 3 | 4:2 1 | 0:5 | NW by N. 1 6:8 2 1-0 4 7:7 3 6-4 4 6-4 4 1-4 || NNW. 4 15 | 4 1-2 4 2-4 6 2-4 7 4-5 6 3-4 N by W. 3 2-0 4 10-6 10 11-8 9 12-5 | 8 12-2 6 12-0 PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 297 each Observation Hour, with a Pressure of one-tenth of a pound or upwards upon a square the swms of the Pressures. | 6, 8h. 10%. 9 Observations. 12 Observations. ° Mean Wind blowing || Pressure. from Times. | Press. || Times. | Press. || Times.} Press, || Times. Press. Times. Press. lb. lb. 1b lb. | 1b. 1b 6-8 Beles 1 en0:2 39 | 284 | 43 | 303 | 0-70 Bese eto esa OM ato. 25 | 25-4) | 32, | 963 || 1-18 Imese latoce ae lore 5 | 21 46 | 22-0 56 | 256 || 0.46 | 98 Gal 7 | 23 Ovi 37) eatoo) |) 40-3. ||. 131, | 53-9) |) 0:41 | 21 | 92 | 19 | 79 8 | 35 | 117 | 598 | 142 | 69-5 || 0-49 PP We bees By ay 2 | 08 || 55 | 265 59 | 29.2 || 0-50 9 | 68 9 | 28 Ayal 1c3 75 | 49-6 ss | 583 || 0-66 Fle (2:8 als 27. 4 | 28 34 | 26-9 43 | 315 | 0-73 30:9 el -O6 18 | 11-2 23 | 163 | 0-71 ae fee1-2 7 7.2 7 WoW 1:03 : 1a er 0s1 0:9 5 1:0 | 0-20 0:3 1 0:3 || 0-30 Aw) 5 13 | 10-0 i6 | 148 | 0.92 feel: 7 4-8 7 4:8 | 0-69 2 | 02 4 | 0-7 Dieililes.3 20 | 11-0 26 | 19:9 | 0.77 QP ey By Ut aly 4 | 42 34 | 27-4 42 | 343 | 0-82 4 | 6-2 Sa as7 Om eae4 38 | 39-5 46 | 50-3 || 1.09 2 | 06 DP all| cone ete 2g | 20-9 30 | 23:0 | 0.77 14/136 | 10 | 3.2 Tales GU MOOe ap S2-laell 1374) 112) I, 0-81 fOMMle7-0) || 11 | 10:8 5 | 11-4 |. 118 | 101-0 | 152 | 139-8 | 0-87 40 | 323 | 33 | 34-7 | 31 | 27-4 || 314 | 293-0 | 403 | 381-2 | 0-95 IGM 13-30 (104 || 8-0 4 | 38 || 108 | 99:3 | 149 | 131-6 | 0-88 TOW 5-3, || 10 |wolg Syl 400 96. |, 57:6 |, 129.) 77-7 || 0-64 2 |) ido 21) saara I Be 49 | 39-9 66 | 540 | 0-82 Sil 57 6 | 7.0 Be os 67 |) 85:4 95 | 100.0 | 1-05 AW 3.3 2 | 0-4 10:2 22 | 30:8 Oa ated | 1.35 a | oy Dl) Bes 30 | 45:0 38 | 65:5 || 1-72 1 0:2 4 | 4.9 Sin amscG 24 | 30-8 33 | 488 || 1.48 Aen n11-0 Dit AGal. “lh leaky MIG 34 | 45-6 42 | 52.0 | 1.24 VO Teeien0:8 OPN. 22 | 32.0 330 45.99 001-39 | 5 | Sei Coulis hea Goniiaay, JN 29:0, 162 1,140.7 |) 0.66 2 | 14 A aw By 18) 4g | 65:8 ST len zAsTy wnde2 6 MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 298 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. After the number of the times which the wind blew, and the sums of the pressures for the observation hours, the sums of the times blowing and pressures for all the 9 observations are given, and next the sums of the times blowing and pressures for 12 observations, three times the mean of the sums for 18" and 10" being taken as the sums for the three observations wanting to complete the day. The following quantities have also been made use of in forming the sums for 12 observations :— Direction. Times. Sums of Pressures. Direction. Times. Sums of Pressures. Tb. lb. NNW. 1 0-2 W by S. 2 3:0 NW by N. 6 2-7 SW by W. 18 14:9 NW. 5 4°3 SSW. 5) 3:2 W. 14 Wed These being estimated for the first week of January, and for the observation at 18", omitted in the second week. Diurnal Variation of the number of the times which the Wind blew in 1843.—The following are the sums of the number of times which the wind blew, at each observation hour, with a pressure of one-tenth of a pound or upwards on a square foot of surface, as obtained from Table XXXI. :— 54 10m, 74 10m, 9h 10™, 115 10™ a.m. 1510™P.mM. 3h 10™. opm; 7» 10™, 9h 10™. 138 166 205 233 256 242 212 171 124 Differences, 28 39 28 23 14 30 41 45 The number of times which the wind blew increased from 5" 10™ a.m. till 1" 30™ p.m., the interpolated period of maximum, and diminished from 1 30™ p.m, till 9" 10™ p.m. The number increases most rapidly about 8" a.m., and diminishes most rapidly about 8" p.m. The wind, therefore, blew most frequently exactly at the time of the maximum temperature of the air. Diurnal Variation of the number of Points of the Compass in which the Wind blew.—The numbers of the points of the compass in which the wind blew at the observation hours, are— 5b 10m, 7h 10m, 9h10™, -11510™ a.m. 1410™ pM. 3h 10m, 5b 10m, 71 10m, 9h 10™. 27 27 30 29 31 30 30 26 25 The wind, therefore, seems to blow less steadily from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m. than before the former and after the latter of these hours. Diurnal Variation of the Sums of Pressures of the Wind.—This, of course, is the same as that of the means, Table XXVII., or a maximum about 25™ after Noon. The sums are as follow :— 5h 10m, 7» 10m, 9h10m, 11 10™ am. 1510™ p.m. 3» Om, 55 10m, 75 10m. 9» 10m, Ib. lb. Ib. lb. Ib. lb. Ib. lb. Ib. 139°5 133°5 170-4) 211:5 224-0 192:1 156:1 118-7 103°8 Diurnal Variation of the Mean Pressure of the Wind while blowing.—This is obtained by dividing the sums of the pressures by the number of times which the wind blew, and is as follows :-— 5h 10m, 7h 10™, 9h 10”. 115 i0™ a.m. 15 10™ P.M. 3h 10™, 5b 10m, 7h 10m, 9b 10m, Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib, Ib. Ib. 1:01 0:80 0°83 0-91 0:88 0-79 0-74 0°69 0°82 The wind, while blowing, was a minimum about 7? 40™ a.m. BE oc Ane Hat Sceeris | ose bosdnd maximum at Noon. « claws oftoce sie moines oe sin eels ORRCR TRI minimum about 7? 10™ p.m. The greatest force occurred at 5" 10™ a.m.; the maximum pressure of the wind while blowing probably occurs, therefore, at or after midnight. The fact that the wind blows with the greatest force at Noon, but the greatest number of times at 1" 30™ p.M., the time of the maximum temperature, explains why the swms of the pressures attain their maximum be- tween these two periods, PRESSURE OF THE WIND. 299 Times which the Wind blew from the different Points of the Compass.—The wind blew most frequently from the SW., and least so from SE. by E.; the number for the former, from 12 daily observations, being 403, and, for the latter, 1. If we take the sums of the times from 12 observations, for the five points SSW. to WSW., corresponding to SW., from WSW. to WNW., corresponding to W., and so for the others of the 8 principal points, we find that the number of times which the wind blew was the maximum at SW., a secondary minimum at NW., a secondary maximum at NE., and the minimum at SE. The sums are as follow :— SW. W. NW. N. NE. BE. SE. Ss. 963 344 208 250 476 166 55 281 The wind blew twice as often from the points included between N., W., and S., as from the opposite semi- circle N., E., and S. Sums of the Pressures with which the Wind blew from the different Points of the Compass.—The greatest sum is that for SW., being, from 12 observations, 381 Ib., and the least that for SE. by E., bemg 0°3 lb. Summing the pressures for each five points, including the 8 principal points as above, we have, for 12 observations,— SW. W. NW. N. NE. i. Sh. S. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib; Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 834:5 328°3 252°9 204°6 236°5 114°3 40°8 238°7 The sums of the pressures are, therefore, greatest about SW. ; they diminish round by W. and NW. to N., where there is a secondary minimum, a secondary maximum occurs about NE. ; the sums then diminish to SE., about which they are the minimum, increasing from thence to SW. Mean Pressure of the Wind while blowing from the diferent Points of the Compass——The mean pressure of the wind was greatest while blowing from WNW., being 1-72 lb., and least while blowing from the opposite point ESE., being 0:20 lb. If the sums of the pressures about the 8 principal points be divided by the times which the wind blew about the same points, we obtain the following means :— SW. W. NW. N. NE. i. SE. Ss. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. Ib. 0:87 0:95 1-22 0°82 0:50 0-69 0-74 0:85 The mean pressure with which the wind blows is therefore greatest about NW., it becomes less at the N., and is least at NE., from which point it increases gradually by SE., S., SW., and W., to the maximum at NW. TABLE XXXIJ.—Sums of the Pressures of Wind in Table XX XI. resolved for each Hour into the Four Cardinal Points of the Compass, together with the Value and Direction of the Resultant. Resolved Sums in Resultant. Hour Gottingen “Mean Time. Directions. ° 28 8. 168. Sum of 9 Obs. Sum of 12 Obs. 45 4445545322 The mean resultants are obtained on dividing the sum resultants by the number of times which the wind blew. 300 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. Diurnal Variation of the Resolved and Resultant Pressures of the Wind.—The sums resolved in the E. attain their maximum latest in the day, about 2" p.w; the sums resolved in the W. attain their maximum earliest, about Noon; while the sums resolved in N. and in §. attain their maximum about 1" p.m. The re- sultant sums of pressures attain their maximum about 0» 30™ p.m., minima occur about 74 a.m. and 8? p.m. The mean resultant attains a maximum about Noon, the minimum occurs about 32 40™ p.m.; the maximum probably occurs near midnight, a secondary minimum occurs about 7? a.m. The Direction of the Resultant seems to have a diurnal variation, being more towards the south of west in the morning and evening than about mid-day, TABLE XX XIII.—Differences of the Directions of Motions of the Lower and Upper Currents of Air, as deduced from the Comparisons of the Direction of the Wind and Motions of the Clouds. Quadrant N. to E. Quadrant E. to S. Quadrant 8S. to W. Quadrant W. to N. Currents. No. of | Diffs.of| Mean || No. of | Diffs. of | Mean || No. of | Diffs.of| Mean || No. of | Diffs. of| Mean Obs. | Motion.) Diff. Obs. Motion. | Diff. Obs. | Motion.} Diff. Obs. | Motion.| Diff. fe} re) fe} 7 (eo) | ° ° fe} fo} Saudleniics 75 |+27-9 22) | 99-3 177.) -|+ 23-7 44 |+18-5 Wind Bere staa7-4 + 9-5 + 19-0 a 8h7/ 30 — 44.2 a — 53-0 20 |—22-6 | 18 |—32-3 Civ eat ones 15 j+48:3 12 |+ 50-0 87 |+47-6 23 |+26-8 “Wind = ile’) + 33-2 | +35°4 + 1-7 14 |-55.7 2 — 67:5 12 |—23-7 12 |—46-6 . Sane 14 {441-8 7 |+ 11-9 57) |4+34-5 28 |+20-3 See 4+ 5.6 + 36 4.23.9 a5. ee 9 |-—50-6 2 — 25-3 14 |-—19-7 19 |—50-7 pie ep 8 |+66-4 3 |+ 82:5 42 |+46-7 10 |+23-9 ae +13-4 +82-5| $345, =o 6 1257-2 OM Wswiees. | 7 |—38-6 | 5 |—50-6 } eile ee | 7 |+33-7 I + 67-5 | 22 |+32.7 | 16 |+19-8) Cee | 421-3 | — 45.0 | + 20-1, — 15-9 | 2 — 25-0 1 — 157-5 x — 35:6 | 8 |—87-2| | This Table has been formed by taking the differences of the motions of the surface wind as observed on the anemoscope and the motions of the clouds. In order to arrive at any definite result, it was necessary to group the comparisons into quadrants of the compass. In several quadrants there are still too few comparisons to give satisfactory results. The first column under each quadrant contains the number of times which an upper current was observed to proceed from a poimt plus, and the number of times which it was observed to proceed from a point minus, the direction of a lower current, from N. to E., 8. and W. being the direction of reckoning. The second column under each quadrant contains the mean of the positive differences, and also the mean of the negative differences ; the third column contains the mean diflerence of the motions from ali the observations. Taking the first case for an example—the wind blowing from a point between N. and E, the scud was observed on 75 occasions to be moving from a point on an average of 27°°9 south of the point from which the wind was blowing; and on 30 occasions from a point on an average 44°2 north of the point from which the wind was blowing. From ald the 105 observations, the scud was found to move from a point 7°-4 south of that from which the wind blew. In every quadrant, the upper currents were observed more frequently to be moving from points plus than from points minus those of the lower currents. In every quadrant, however, excepting S. to W., the average difference (with two exceptions) is greater for the minus than for the positive observations. In the quadrant S. to W, this is not the case: not only are the number of observations greatest for the upper current positive of the lower current, but the average difference of motion is also greatest (with one exception) when the upper Mortons oF CLoups. 301 current is positive of the lower. If we take the mean difference from all the observations we arrive at the fol- lowing results :— The direction of the scuds or current immediately above the surface wind is always plus, reckoning from N. to E., S., and W., that of the surface wind, the average difference is greatest in the quadrant between S. and W.; in this quadrant the scud is, on the average of 197 comparisons, 19° more westerly than the surface current. The difference is least in the quadrant W. to N., where the scud, on an average of 62 comparisons, is only 3°°7 more northerly than the surface current. The direction of the cirro-strati, or current immediately above the scuds, differs most from the motion of the surface wind in the quadrant from §. to W., being, on the average of 99 comparisons, 39°-4 more westerly than the surface wind, or nearly twice the deviation of the scud. The difference in the quadrant E, to S. is also positive, bemg 36°:9 on an average of 14 comparisons. In the other two quadrants the difference is very small, The direction of the cirri, or current immediately above the cirro-strati, differs most from the motion of the surface wind in the quadrant E, to S., but there are only 3 comparisons. The difference in the quadrant S. to W. is nearly the same as for the cirro-strati; there is reason to believe, indeed, that, on many occasions, the two species are confounded, as the cirri frequently pass into cirro-strati. The mean differences of the mean motion of the three currents, scud, cirro-strati, and cirri, from the motion of the surface wind, are as follow :— N. to E., 147 comparisons ; mean upper current minus surface current = + 6:2 FE. to S., 46 cee cee cee cee cee vec cee cee cee tee cee cee cen cee cae iclseieisleferstela's = + 23-2 Si, tO WES BAS) soc coocceccbiangincecoquccads oad osoana co cuSona oss cen SCH ERS CnOay ma eee As W.itoN., L1 QD wre cee cee ccn cee coe cee ce cen cae cee cre scenes vec cceccscescescescesecs <= +t D5 The difference of the directions of motion of the surface and mean upper current is therefore a minimum in the quadrant from W. to N.; the mean upper current is half-a-point 8. of the surface current in the quadrant N. to E. ; two points S. of the surface current in the quadrant E. to 8. ; and about two points and a half N. of the surface current in the quadrant S. to W. Tf all the cases be taken in which the motions of the upper currents of cirro-strati and cirri were observed simultaneonsly with the current of scud, we obtain the following differences of motion of the mean upper cur- rent (cirro-strati and cirri), and lower current of clouds :— N. to E., 32 comparisons ; cirro-stratus current minus scud current = + 11:1 RRC OMS meus a ety eter cian miaptiestee ects sic siae ay'e b.diajnieeieewaeccieas-ees eens =— 58 SS UOMVV tO Glide cas.cars aedteicwie ott oletrraslsiajsierelsieieaige’s depoocbcoGboge so bresievaesteiece Se Aa IWoRLOMNG Op elinine REP ent ARs Sans 2 a Alon tcdnel ded aeale wien oeredete sues —s PED) The numbers of comparisons in the first two quadrants are too few for a good mean; from the other it appears that the current of cirro-stratus in the quadrant 8. to W. is more than two points north of the current of scud ; but, in the quadrant W. to N., it is about one point south of the scud. If the mean differences of motion, scud minus wind, and cirro-stratus minus wind, were well determined, it is evident that, in subtracting the former from the latter, we would obtain the differences, cirro-stratus minus seud ; and similarly for the differences cirri minus scud. The means for these two differences, thus obtained, are— N. to E., cirro-stratus and cirrus current minus scud current = — 2-0 EE COMO mE nites Secreta meee Mera Awe ckarcuiliGiai wl Men rme ns = + 54:7 SHtOMWs, Men eas SA A scie Sas: BRE OSER Se ECE een anes i = +197 AVS LORIN earn teprpe puiten aplaturteenat rm ERM ea Ua oe = — 33 As before, the difference for the quadrant E, to 8. depends on too few observations, which is indeed the case with all the quadrants excepting that of S. to W. MAG. AND MET. oss. 1843. 4G 9 302 ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 18438. TABLE XXXIV.—Daily, Weekly, and Monthly Means of the estimated surface of the Clouds, the whole sky covered being 10-0. ae Jan. Feb. March. | April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. ay. 1 fv] 7-3-8 4.4 10-0 2-2 10-0 8-2 10-0 8-4 [7-8] 6-3 3-2 2 4-1 6-5 9-2 [7-7] 4.2 10-0 [7-8] 8-9 7-8 4-7 7-9 5-7 3 10-0 4-8 7:6 6-2 4-0 10-0 6-2 7-5 [6-2] 9-6 5:5 [6-4] 4 4-3 7-1 0-9 8-9 5:8 [9-9] 4-8 8-5 2-9 9-4 6:8 9-6 5 2-5 [7-2] [5-3] 7-4 4.5 10-0 10-0 4-6 2-7 9-5 [5-8] 7-2 6 9-9 o-1 9-0 9-9 79 10-0 7-4 [7-7] 6-8 9-6 6-6 4-0 7 ‘7-1 9-9 5-4 5-0 [6-6] 9-5 9-3 9-7 1-1 6-7 5-1 8-3 g || [61] | 10-0 0-0 a O68 | eere7 7:8 9-9 0-9 | [9-2] | 29 4.4 9 7:7 9-7 4-6 [7-0] 6-7 9-9 [8:1] 6-0 0-8 9-7 5:8 7:8 10 6-1 8-0 7-0 5-9 4.9 7-0 8:8 2-7 [3-6] 9-9 10-0 [7-8] 11 3°3 10-0 10-0 4-7 4.7 [8-3 5-2 8:5 9-1 10-0 9-6 7-6 12 2.7 [6-8] {6-5 8:8 10-0 10-0 9-9 1-9 7-9 5-8 [7-2] 9-2 13 10-0 4:8 7-2 7-1 10-0 9-9 6:5 [5-6] 1-8 2-2 a-4 9-7 14 5:8 4.0 4-2 9-5 [9-1] 4-6 4.7 3 7:2 1-5 o-1 7-0 15 [7-1] 4.2 6-2 9-4 10-0 0-5 4-7 9-6 4-4 [4-0] 7-6 7-0 16 Beas) 5:3 10-0 [8-3] 10-0 4:8 [6-9] 7-6 3-7 5-5 6-5 4-0 17 9-3 5-5 9-9 7:3 9.9 6-1 10-0 6-6 [5-8] 7-8 5-7 [7-9] | 18 9-4 3-1 9-0 8:5 74 [5:8] 7-1 5:6 7:7 1-1 1:8 9-7 19 8-8 [7-3] [9-3] 8-1 6-9 9-5 8-4 3-9 6-3 2-1 [5-6] 10-0 20 6-9 10-0 9-6 8-6 8-3 7-9 9-4 [5-5] 5:5 8-6 8-2 9-6 21 4-8 10-0 9-5 9-2 [8-8] 6-2 7-1 6-5 4:3 6-5 7-1 2-9 22 [7-0] 10-0 8-0 10-0 10-0 5-3 9-7 8-9 0-1 [5-2] 4-1 7-1 23 6-5 10-0 7:8 [7-9] {0-0 5-4 [8-6] 1-3 0-3 6 59 | 78 24 o:9 9-9 10-0 6-3 10-0 2-9 8-4 3-8 [4-8] 6-6 4-3 | [6-5] 25 9-2 9-9 5-0 7-9 9-5 [6-5] 7-1 6-0 8-1 1-4 7-2 | 86 26 63 | [8-3] [6-7] 5-2 7:8 8-7 10-0 5-1 9.2 1-4 [5-3] 7-2 27 9-5 1 10-0 6-1 10-0 8-3 5:6 [5-1] 6:8 4-9 6-3 5:3 28 3-0 6-5 6-7 7:7 [9-0] 8-6 9-9 9- 5:9 9-5 7:9 5:8 29 [5-1] 1-0 8-9 7-4 8-1 9-5 1-9 8-2 [5-5] 0-4 8-2 30 1:5 6-6 [5-5] 9-5 9-3 [8-8] 4-5 8-9 9-0 8-6 3-5 31 6-5 7-0 10-0 6:8 8-9 2-1 [5-4] Mean 6-40 7:38 6-88 7-77 7:82 7-72 7:87 6-33 5-26 6-20 6-10 6-94 The daily means in this table have been obtained from the 9 two-hourly observations by the formula given for the temperature, Table I. The daily means in the first week of January are the means of the 4 three-hourly observations, Annual Variation of the Surface of Cloud.—The surface of cloud is a minimum in January, the maximum in April, May, June, and July, the means for which four months differ little from each other ; the minimum surface occurs in September, after which the surface increases till December. The following are the means for the three groups of seasons, namely,— The mean meteorological seasons, for which June, July, and August, constitute Summer. The meteorological seasons for 1843, for which July, August, and September, The astronomical seasons, for which May, June, and July, Seasons. Mean Meteorological. Meteorological for 1843. \stronomical. Spring, 7:49 WCTET 7°34 Summer, 7°31 6°49 7°80 Autumn, 5°85 6°41 293 Winter, 6:91 6°89 6:48 Range of Means, 1°64 1:36 1:87 The astronomical group is the most distinct. The maximum occurs in summer and the minimum in autumn of that group. The greatest monthly mean is that for July, being 7°87; the least is that for Sep- tember, being 5:26. The mean for the year 1843 = 6:89. AUST SY OSTA S93). > 63 | ATINWANOWOWHRASO | COONAN A WOES WOOMONAMAARWWHO De ENS ns OBS er ices iS RPO OORLNAQH WO This Table has been formed from Table XXXIV. in the manner already indicated, Table X. Surface of Cloud, with reference to the Moon's Age.—The following means of groups indicate that the surface of cloud is a minimum about new moon :— 12 days till 18 Oe Full Moon, 69 ai days till 3 Se New Moon, 6:5 UG) een 22: MOWER MAE lithog of LAO Meask: 7 6-7 1) SRR BBE PASE (el souoa 1 ea oc 7:0 DRM. sit DO ee 6-9 Sh canine Lay isos 7:0 There is an appearance of a secondary minimum at full moon, but the differences of the means are very ‘small.* Surface of Cloud, with reference to the Moon’s Declination.—The following means of groups seem to indi- cate that the surface of cloud is greatest a few days before the moon is farthest south, and least a few days be- fore it is farthest north :— 25 days till 3 ee Moon farthest North, 6°6 11 days till 17 ave, Moon farthest South, 7°3 0)" saanae 6 6:9 a Poobaat 20 6°6 CS lela 10 6-9 Oyen eee 24 6-7 Uo Caiaae 13 74 7A a oe 27 6°6 Extremes of the Daily Mean Surface of Clouds for each Month, with the ranges of the monthly means, and number of days in each month wholly overcast :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Greatest, 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 9.2 10-0 10-0 10-0 Least, 1-5 3-1 0-0 4-7 2-2 0:5 4:7 1:3 0-1 1-1 0-4 2-9 Range, 8-5 6-9 10-0 5-3 7:8 9-5 5-3 8-7 9-1 8-9 9-6 71 No. of Days Overcast, 2 6 3 2 9 6 3 1 0 1 1 1 The surface of clouds was 10-0 on nine days in the month of May, and in the month of September no day was quite overcast. Only on one day was the sky perfectly free of clouds, namely, on the 8th of March ; on the 22d and 23d of September the amount was very small. * If the heat from the Moon have any effect on the dissipation or formation of clouds, it is obvious that the effect will be greatest during the night, when the Moon is about full; the want of observations from 9» P.M. till 55 a.m. would therefore vitiate the results more markedly than in previous cases investigated, where any effect of the Moon must be supposed sufficiently permanent to affect the means during the day as well as the night. 304 ; ABSTRACTS OF THE MAKERSTOUN OBSERVATIONS, 1843. TABLE XXXVI.—Means of the Estimated Surface of Cloud at the Hours of Observation, for each Month and Quarter in 1843. Period. January February March April May June July August September October November December Spring Summer Autumn Winter The Year The observations in the first week of January were not made use of in obtaining the hourly means for that month ; no observations having been made at 18" in the second week, a correction was applied to the mean for that hour of — 0°48, obtained from Table XXXIV. as follows :— {Mean cloud, Jan. 9-31, = 6°68, minus mean cloud, Jan. 16-31, = 7:11} = — 0-48. The means were afterwards corrected by + 0°30, in order to render the mean for that month from these means equal to that obtamed, Table XX XTV., from all the daily means. Diurnal Variation of the Surface of Cloud.—The means for the various months present considerable ir- regularities, the maximum surface of cloud, however, occurs, with two or three exceptions, between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. The following are the interpolated periods of the maximum surface of cloud for each of the mean me- teorological seasons (as in the previous Table) :— Spring, the max., 1° 0™ p.m. Summer, «++ +++ ++ 105 0™ a.m. Autumn, «+++e+- 7” 0™ a.m.; a Secondary min. about 92 30™ a.m.; a Secondary max. 1" p.m. Winter, eho che seiniers 115 O™ a.m. Seletolsiel cieteliclesveteietelcretsle pl ki O™ P.M.; wsceeaiow clnes eee seo MO DU RDeRS There are other secondary maxima and minima, but they are probably accidental. The periods for the astronomical group of seasons are as follow :— Spring, the max., 3" p.m. Summers. pavaceces 92 am. ANG UO eaters cists: 2 p.m.; a Secondary min. 9" a.m.; a Secondary max, 6" a.m Winters) a acqssce 5 Ug The secondary minimum and maximum are well marked for autumn of this group ; there are also inflexions or minima in the summer and autumn about 3" p.m., the time at which inflexions occur in the curves for the aqueous vapour (Table XI.) From the astronomical group, the maximum surface of cloud seems to occur after noon in the spring and autwmn, and before noon in the summer and winter. The minimum occurs after 9) P.M. The maximum in the means for the year oceurs shortly before noon ; a sccondary maximum is shewn about 7> a.m.; and a secondary minimum about 9" a.m. The Diwnal Range of the Surface of Cloud, as far as it can be deduced from the 9 two-hourly means, is aminimun im autumn and a maximum in winter, QUANTITY OF RAIN. 305 TABLE XXXVII.—Quantity of Rain for each Month in 1848, by the Observatory Garden and Greenhouse Gauges. Observatory Month. Gauge. a eS January 1:978 February 1-926 March 0-934 April 2-231 May 3-237 June 1-311 July 2-676 August 2-752 September 1-080 October 3-645 November 2-038 December 0-949 Sums, 24-757 The quantity of rain for February, in the garden gauge, is estimated, the register for that month having been lost. The greatest quantity of rain in any month is that for October, being, by the Observatory gauge, 3-645 in. The least monthly quantity is that for March, being, by the same gauge, 0-934 in. The quantity of rain is a minimum in the solstitial and equinoctial months of 1843, maxima occurring in the intervening months, No conclusions can be drawn as to the cause of the differences of the sums for the Observatory and Garden gauges, as the gauges are not only at unequal heights above the level of the sea, but also above the soil. The results for the Greenhouse gauge shew, that such a position is suflicient to destroy the value of the instrument as a pluviometer, (See Introduction, page lviii.) The greatest amounts of rain found in the Observatory gauge at noon, having fallen within the previous 24 hours, for each month are as follow :— Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June, July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. 0-650 0-387 0-290 0-468 0-403 0-420 0-386 1-411 0-252 0-890 0-460 0-253 The numbers of days in each month on which more than one-thousandth, one-hundredth, and one-tenth of an inch of rain was found in the Observatory gauge, are as follow :— More than Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 0-001 23 22 16 19 23 16 22 19 12 30 27 17 0-010 14 17 11 13 17 10 14 15 6 19 16 7 0-100 6 6 3 9 1] 7 8 8 2 10 6 2 The variation of the numbers follows nearly the same law as the variations of the monthly sums of rain fallen. In 1848, more than one-thousandth of an inch of rain fell on 246 days, or on about 6 days out of 9 ; more than one-tenth of an inch fell on 159 days, or on about 4 days out of 9; more than one-tenth of an inch fell on 78 days, or on about 2 days out of 9. In dividing the monthly sums of rain by the number of days on which more than 0:001 inch fell, we ob- tain the following means for the quantity of rain which fell on days in which more than 0:001 was found in the Observatory gauge :—, Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. in. in. in. in, in. in. in. in. in. in, in. Me 0-086 0-088 0:058 0-117 0-141 0-082 0-122 0-145 0-090 0-121 0-113 0-056 These quantities follow nearly the same law as the monthly sums. We may therefore conclude, that for those months which have the greatest number of rainy days, the mean daily fall of rain is greatest ; or, that the oftener it rains, it rains the heavier. MAG. AND MET. OBs, 1848. 4u " ¥e a $ "1 j t ‘ ‘ . 4 i - , 4 ‘ - PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY, EDINBURGH. © Be, ‘a Ade oe if MAKERS TOUN MAGNETIC OB SERVATORY . PLALE I. Royal Soc.trans.Ldin Vol XVI p 2 . WEAK. Johnston Se ie ‘ en (7 at MAKERSTOUN MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY... ezare z. Royad soc. trans.Bdin Vol. IVILp 5 ie) 10 20 a °o 40 j H ¢ RISES =e : [ WLATToknston Se | j } t i he Marg ews /” 2. OM a kerstoun OD serve love Term -D ay Magn elical Obs er Gottingen? MeanTime§ jp Wh ah 13h (ah bh Ve 7h igh (gh 204 2yh | I ESE E 5 | al Seale asl inleala| $20. | iE ry Ele] 22 N | 24 -S Ze l Nol 9 ie [ S | 2s TH 8 30 [| + —t =, 4 EEEEECEEEEEEE | 32: fel i —- i | - i | | | [ ja i HH Slee TE | = il ia [ : +> i Deel ae ile} inlet i ~ ce ct CI : +4 aI IB 4 is 540 Lhort¢zoretal Cé amporient (eal [| IIE | 535 ist | a a Bes IE | | F380 r r lal | | 4 _ a a | | ial cia re \ | ae | | a i j iDiey i | | MucW ty. Fa 5 790 L [ ils S : S 77 \ Nj Sa ey sooo | by s qj X st | | a ea es | | Gottin envio? We ee IE! lah 73h 76% 77s 78? 79% 20! B77. Meanlime: oicending Curves tredicate Cecreaslneg weste « 7 Plate Il. 22h 23% on 72 2h ah gh 3h on yh gh gk 10) lesa sIe To | { Ee [ { He fleet tase EEebE It 1 t i] Tima laa | | [ | at | WE yey JN a | He im CI [ | inn + onl + “Tf | ; | ia | Ct |_| | | || ma ml | Be oo eal T 1 iT am aeeeeee EEE Eee OEE +} it | + CI Cet [ IN |_| j. 1 IE ny 122’ Ee on ve ge Be 4% yy Te & Ce 0 4p Ytions Jonuary 18,19, 1843. eclinalton and increastn og foree. OM kerstoun Observations Term-D ay Magn efical Obs erv Goitingen’t MeanTime§ 4 Wh sak PENG (4h ish 76h 17h 3 toh 204 2h Declinallorv Os dso iS] = | ees —+ +—1—+_ = 340 7 8 G 525 Hortzortal Comp O77 C7E szot-} a ieDiv} 780 740 hertical Comp or-e#e fF 66o|-|— ime ele EE | | FA Gottingen tor HW! Mean 4h 13a 76% W7: 78? 79? 20% 2A! me, : if etscending Curves Gedicate Lecreestnrg westert t ins Rebrincim 24,25. 1S43 fiate Lf ih 23h of 72 2k 3h 4h 5h (ia qh iG J0R i. . - fat + aE Lae ia [ et ie i i { SEH PEE it faaialelcieio 4 7 4 1 ina [ eal ~—+ 1— “= — i | ri Boece Eee eae! — - 7 + ae H SEGS0 008000006 a a ! coo tH A ap _| |_| | al i [ FE ia i oo oO E CI ae HH EEEEEEEEEEH il : A | eb Mi [ +t He t al as! FH t Wedded TT El 4 [ +4 laa 44 ENE on 7h Zz Be 44% J G Ge ry ge YON Ly ecltnatton arid LUCTEASING force. Bah Cae Pans Ma herstoun Observe tions , Term-D ay Magnetical Obser Gottingen} MeanTime § 94 Wh ak Vian (4h we thie 77h igh (gh 204 212 | | as | | alt [ | “4 Be ie ae Fala ql mets] | = 5/6: ] ap ii St 20 2 I | i IE al: | < i S 2: = N Ny 2h pot IL x | y 26{+ |_| oe = . Baas yh i sl al i 3 HE | sles : | H ct ei | | si Guee ecepeuane a) Ueeuees (iceceacant | yeiatatasetiutes EEEEHEEEEE EEE et Ne Dy, x iF las = QS SSO BE at oF 1 au - | 5 Cr al lel 4 in | | Siz Hh [ { - Si -- 4 a taal | i | XN as 8 |s40 | : R ic : R oe a fale: ime a B is ~ S35 8 alsa = ih ii Bl = |_| y a i = Ie [ aE at | a | epee ay : : IEEE | | ales Sas : aL Ol i ca a a +y , A lala 1 3 ‘ 680 a at | © [660-44 afl be iN on zi Sle ln | NN 640 4 ae alli — a 620 — ate Ute \ IE (eso aa I TAB Se | in Sadeegaaueeae a i cE : PEE EE zi ale im i} | | i] a een ae ttt SAIS 1a GE Gottingenyo4 Wi RS 19h MG pr 76% we 78? 79% 204 et eanlime4 vicending Curves tridicate decreasing wester ill 4 Mptions March 22,23. 1843 Pilate LV 228 23% or 7z 2% Br 4h bh on yh gh gh 10} [ | | + — a = sie | | ia ines IP 7 f if 1 t whe ; jNDEe coe ssoeE | | | ol st Ls Leal b =} f | Eee | TI | H : | + (| ] CT ize _ ia | [| i aga | [ i Be ! | | | / } i LI aI | G H cy elt | | i | 1287 PY: on 7 Ze gia Ge ey: 6 emme. gh oF 77 y\eclination and increasing force. is ae a Brees Rist : Mu Rerstoun Observations Term-Day Magnetical Obser Gottingen) : ; : MeanTime § 94 Wh ah 430 (ah wh 7b 17h igh 19 204 ash im es] e aa tie | al 163 EAA ‘i oa + i saa IE Ser t mS 25/8 | = ala Se a 1 N a Rt x ae S =I Qo | 2% | 8 im t CI + eae 2 | 3 E aan aE see iil HH i Boe ee! | BOReEuEaEE eDiv [ 1a oe! | I al i SFO i Py fasaseventavea auOTantastvanta(tanatoatafaseafelatll S | sus Peal] [ Sue H pela [ NY | ‘ EE R340 S a a ® lott it : 538 EL NS f | cH aR Ry 5330 S| EH EEE} $25 al ileal [ Je | Ny UCU ty] | | 8 }y00 1 Se ny = ! x) ero | | Ss 580 an | aa ~ : + 2 [oso | < Teste ‘ [ N 1 IL. | | | | [ze 7 SIAL [ jaa MEI Eo tL. ae | ile 1a BEECH EEE | qleia| al [ leo sa | ) 4 al - Peer Gottin genio” HW! 12 73! Lake Zor 76% We 78? 79! 20¢ er MeanTime. vthicending Curves trdicate decreasing wester Mhtions April 19,20. 1843. Plate 22h 23% or 7# ah Bh gh 5h on 7h gh gh 70; || | EE i auto i zl EEE EERE EEE ee | ISS | ie Bi it 7 E [ Ee 1 1-7 + I ileal ie He ls se (es CT iets + a [S| lle T Val T | ARS iz + +H te bd + + SEE i HH Oo | | if FH a | rh BeBe eer eeoeeeeeeescecer slelaalsha Ie ls |aistetet ella _ o Co 1 | +H t t ila 4 | f +H | | | | } | CI i | | | - f mn zz 29! on 7h 2 ae 4h ey 6 7h 7a’ wip tecltnation and creasing force. oF OMu Rerstoun Observe tions Term-D ay Ma gn elical O bs e] Gottingen MeanTime§ p94 Wh Ah 130 “ak NG ae Ue igh (gh 204 2sh Declination e [ 3 ie) HMortzoréal Comp or7vené isi | | Oo kertical Cony oreen? e 600 t Gottingen /o# HW! £4 19% Ee 130 J6% hes 78° ge 2or 2h MeanTime: vércending Curves trdicate Lecreawlrg weste, he . M@ations May 26,27, 1843. } p é Plate V7. Lid 294 25% of ie ah Bh 4h 3f oh Ge ie gt ) 1 - z SSE | EA Saag 1 ii ie et CC ate =I TT mac fF Jbl ~ te = | ait — i i | i . le [oul iDEee Pit iia H Laat af sid! | | Eas + r [ah — land r aaoall Ar { a! ia a | le | a i + =e | | ; J = i \ SEt | 4 gt Bb: i! Ti I ie 227 £9! on we PB Bh TRE 5 6” rhe oF V0. _hcdeclinattion and (ncreastn Ya LOree. Be TeT HA N= ee EM tesa 2 = se Ma Kerstoun Observations Term-D ay Ma on ehical Obs er Gottingen} | MeanTime§{ 94 Wh igh iG (4h “he tb kk. “gh _ “gh 204 2h Pee heals] seal Te a IEEE ieee alia H ul Ete Ge ele in sisiat + 1 | aol ical 7 + [ t | 5 jj } 1. I ie II a (a Base Bn ooeor 4 =a a | ++ a is ; ESE ie Sie 2 a eal i is | L i | ia | N 4 J} ttt} ~S 22 7 1f 8 Coo | aN a += 1 { 12 + tesa N Q 26 1 faa v a c sa ia nm ia i QR " ale ee oe | es ial is | nt en a alas Div. J ia jo se i aL | | $20 t | Ny | min b | | = = s S15 ila ni H +H H 1 N coo 4 S il [ N ial iL io [ S $10 i Sein r 8 FAH 4 aI iB i. | & |sos 3 EL 1 N | SEE pa cate a 0 I i ia 4 ® 1500 mm 8 os | S| FEEEEEEEEEH 19] | si 1S =| a ee I R iD. v © eo? nieialsias i | 9 a Shoo i S soeee Salemi Nye ane ic ay) o | a ~ a S 4 a peeeeges HEH IRE am i | al in| Ge | AS | al la mee Gottin geno’ HW 72.4 AY: He 752 767 77 78? ig £08 EE MeanNme. Q Ascending Curves tredicale Lecreastng wesle? NMtions June 21,22, [843. Plate VII 22h 23% On 72 2h Be 4h 35h oF 7h gh PG 70; if T ae | | Per | | aI -- { | i imala — a [ 7 — tr a +1 il | | | | EE | i} | } imialgilala| ia HA scneoa an 7 lo IL | { o Cer u + | | [ a a | | {i im =) a ir +—+ | } Ik lL ill +} Jt | + itt on iE CT lu 7 | II a ii i a_i lanl eae q r o HH 3 +-+ {- + to i LI aT aie he Te | | dg | a I { Li] [ | ) \ i if 7 + 1} T TT +- | \ | | tu it 1] Lid } id : | ie aSele p flee? SEE on ye ee BE ah BE 6? Ue bh We 10. wieeckination and inereasing force. ON a kherstoun Observations Term-D ay Ma on elical Obs er Gottingen} MeanTime § 94 Wh ‘gh AKG 4h ish bh 17h igh _ 19h 204 21h 95 18 22; Meclinallor SOO KOS Llorizorntal Carp OF CFF 1 © 9) hertical Comp ore er F o Le} Gottingenyo? I! 724 13 V4 ign 76" q7: 78¢ 19! 20% a MeanTime: etycending Curves indicate decreasing weste Scone ToDEEEEaCEEECSODGATiLtoeatidiassdaitisdaiesstiit ese latinas ale alee siwleialmlehsietoteteiala Eee ee eee EEE EE is ee) | onsen] | [elim 4 Lea es | es ee ws | | a a | | iA 4 0. a a a M/ o | a a a B q = st i iB a = | | & [| 4 a | | al g [| A a a | | | a a) i a i cy a ai a él al rl a CI ry ry Beco a gh Plate WI. sltceess Beeoae Booscesamsne! seane gece age HeeS FEE 3% BE ain & 3g! em ee [8 [| a (a |e ea a Fa || a a so a HE SaREhS Shee aE Rene BeBe eee ESBekeEeeeeee HE BSSBhne RURREE SESS ealh sass eh Seeo fa | ws a vf Sf ce | ai || a ee a] ea af Oe i (8 eS i a a aa eS LS [5 [A | a ee ae a i | fa a ea] | FS [a Sa cn a aa | | ds) [fT [Se i | a | sa a i | fc | a Sa a | a] es ee a i 7 a HH mis Be be a Ea a Bu i a fas ies Hal oo ee Ae Be EE Aa EE Hd Re BB Be & 7h Hitec H Haeeo rH - BE a co AN f A x | a B a a |_| a | A a |_| @ r | | Bi i r] aE ‘o aaa EIS DESEEHRREESSS BH Walasaes EEERREEEEE BeOS AaNteeeaebess {Geet ea es a es fs aN [ee 3? Reese Sees H nga sisal HEEEEHEEEH | | fal HEBD Saaeao esa) one Bes N aa 4h LI sa FTN HEB OBEaae Boe Bea a A asta alias eaten allay Bea enero a = (a ol ig Be BX | | FE A 3B! GUEBRER SSRERZ 4 B Som | | | [| a ld EBBEESheaa ESSERER” GHaSEae'4a UoDooE EseceaeMeeod LA Bandana anne BE0GE52GERR88 Beco ss i ARMaS a et Hees BEES a Baas Baeae BEE EERERaESs roo TANT I TT =e ~y 4 | | SBRBREESSSeGboon BENS BEESS Pease heae HESOREERE SEaSlSlSSeaeGnERe Gapsr/2oeeeoos 7% fl B BE Bi la) DEG SSGE 4G SERSED BABI EaeAERs a JED SSSO EDS 90h SS SESE Eee eee ee Ae mee ee NOS ee eee re |_| [| L YN |_| a @ incl ol z on [| a DESSeShea UDO CaS aRe See 23% DOC ESE Ea eee DEO ESE ee OBS05 SRG ae as eh Daas ieee OBES BS BEL MY, o ia | | | [a [a CLC SoS eae eee JID eESEsEeees DODDS Skeets eaeee OBO EES aE aesen EIS Skeets DDD EBS Sanaa a Ss De Gf DOS GO GOO SSeSbR SESS S00 bR00R OR RSUaSORSSHRbSbb08 zai a a oe i iu it ala fe] maa ee gc cae lai fai La i i Li Li ——— SN A SL a ST FD PS CS me a ss os as me e= ee ete a a oe rm i Y JEU SN CREE eee JBOD SRR RNS Se eee JOU ES Sasa is oH 28 a5 ns / 22h BREE HHH IGS SSS EES HARE HE DSSS Ca aaa SRa eee Nerhtions July, IS 20, WSS) uli declination and increasing force. OM a kerstoun Observations ; Term-D ay Ma on eh cal Obser | Gottin Mees jo8 Wh ah ae “4h XG bh 77h “gh UN _208 2h — - aE {4 tetattale io (oa ea CI | $1644 ala 1 ca ie Seas Sea 20 ete [| S oa 2 | No |_| N 2 . =e S Ww 2 IE lotrel . Ld + {+ ea Q 28 | | iI HH I . r 7 T A f. i if 4 | CI + eDiv. z |_| 510 — — L 4 Ne ie afi f ! itt Ces a UES { y [505 cH + H = Ni 1 9 eee Wisoc | SSN) isl Q = alee + S lost T4 co N ao] sas HH 8 aa L 1. | || N } —{—_|- +— — “ts 1490 A . : | i ABS HH H g 5 Are ile re icDiv, at} N 1.0 Ht ala =i SE jae | | BBR Bel \ Sue --+ Ht : mE fat S Peeteeer See S feo laeiaisiela al 0 Wega see eeedgs4 | | AQ 1 x 75a IEA qaesceaaas easier | | | 4 iano il {++ If [ | |_| coe Se ee ae Eee! Gottingeny/o4 Ue igh 197 VU; Tbr 76% We 78? 79% 20? af! Me anlimn es ; Q Ascending Curves tadicate decreasing weste. ‘Mhtions Qu Plate LX. ba ee Base eS S500 ee beeeeeen iecteaaaees jh 4h Me ar 7h HHH Sate PEPER z BSC OSCE oT Sra aeEeuEOeeoe T Aaeecad Beeman BESS alee Seem alas ale LH | eee a a | | [ef | | | 1 lea aii guene a misialalala ae Benes r CO SHED EDS Eesenooo HH cone BEEBBEEERSA Hh ia — ane Eoeeso0e H SCH aaa r] SeEGes0ou Beene) co a ea GEGEGE SES So 0000S0E Sere osneeeesocce ch BEoee Bmoooucd SORonooo Ge oo oS a ec || ES | Ht sees] fesse fin | i Lr [a : DUSRe sf is ff eof os | HEBae EBRaaiSSee DEB BER SERGE bEBSabs Pegnce BOSSGE SeGe BEG Sess BeOS So6o0 HHH | Staal FECHA Oe ed Sees EA || KT Ba lia SERED SSoSS Shouse lleeeasq™ a O BEUEE EN Sa 0 Renn Ses EWeOCCEECoy \ a NESCOGe Glos Sore ee o0ebs seeeooosoS a BS si HOC CoLONSESSo Coe e Soon s ene oores Bi } moe fc na oye oo | a oi Bo Bevo) a nf en os fs eet a ee non ae Sanam BSE GOB 0 We coo 000000) nassnasq0s00n Heoossec Haase ape a eae ee a a 4 ADEE BEEBE HHH SE & +H HH J eHIEB ppog nnoeee est a i es | a IE) BegasgE ene Lieu en | |e ie an i ia EIR | |_| BE ROEESEBERESes | es a | ee Ur SESE seeoeoSaranns ECE Soon BeGEerS ESSE a Coreen Bie AS oo elaala re i A a aoe ee on |e is a ee oo an ao en on ea 6 i na | CT HEN a | a fo een Ne a i aE ee! mee _ aS oo Roe ooo oo Selo Sooo Oo oNG BSS Oooseeooeoeeo ie] EES BEA es aE epee en | |] | ||| Ras | ee [a my | ee) [i [ee a a El FEE |_| (can L BERR DES Sb>==2bS SEDER SSSE0 OESesesa98 a [a es [| (| | i is ca BODES Se=cCeooUS Sooo oEeso0ods fa |e |e a A oH rf aff ci ot | a lia wo] | nc os | OeSog PORSSReos oo a a eo a | i eat on a bY sdemegecssocgsnaCor Beas HLA EERE REECE cen nu a CT ea ao ai ea 04 efi i La ee a 8 9 ot | oie oe no | i a BREREN REEHHEHREE : i an HEBSEREESEBRESoHSh H | ts B ite 2 4 ae aS BE ES aaa Ra a Her a gu HO PAGSS SSI OG Sea Ses CT He i a ae fo ea HH LH ga yo [it | i | nee Kei AAAS RSH SE Se Scere LT Gesono SReSob00 aan NOCCU0OS SoSes Soe Boooos Han manhBae SOEREo HH Baa Ta _ GEA Ltt BEE a oo aensies onogaa coo @OODOCODRG o H SSI HEBAE Soo Alo COU COS APS pecameee oes Hee SSAA A SSSR Seer Se SSeG er Saab eebe Ce ceee= sa qcgeeacael Boe ea eeee seec eed ss | 4 AS beso Ceials GaSe SOO Boone Oost =so0 oe aos | | a (| | [a ee So a aAAaE mSseeooseso® force. % i ] | yuaceclination and increasin ; 2 z f 5 j , i iy * 7 1 —— ‘ I 1 4 - : i ; ' f ‘ - i Hi i ‘ i { % i ‘ Hoe i i : , , , et Hs 4 ~ » ; 2 | a i Hehe y . i } : e t : Bi 4 { ti < i Wt if ae ’ 4 _ ' 4 a iL 4 4 a = } : > § ‘ z + = = QZ Nha erstoun Observations Term -D ay Ma gn etical O bservat Gotti ; , Peneen 104% Wh AG sgt ah ws tbh 17h ig he (gh 204 Qik 2 aes) Tah BOG Hon esse im ot ellos Lime ila + ee r 12 a4 uo (a | SI) ia io 1g i I, ! lt | | ul a ve a AE Tcealueleal T w : A jects | a + SN FAR [ A S 1 flea [ a! { alt X | S|, Nz | i | L -< | hale iz : 8 TRSSae a | ++ Ht B Q | aft 2 SESS { — IL Ik aE CNE EEE EEE at | PEE | ScDiy. 4 dE ESE ate al | =| |_| 315 t it alee a1 7 or > i | T mn tt 5 iehealallech ts | SE : | § aims oy : < H s 310 + ; i Se ES tasse aa | : A BL |} t ; NS 4 | BN} 505 ) i S - la | LH IE s i | cI | | \ aime [500 We ais Lint Bal at i 8 = Palit $—_} ! ? 495 qj 8 i a aS EEEEEE yoo} icDivy =| B2O as NS felons) BN : : i x if Pcl 7 | xS froo RE Ht 1 ™ = | 8 f ww 4/40 we 4 | | SX [720-7 700 a IIE (GRD i l | | [Gottin enyo4 Wi 124 iY, 7; 78? 76" 77: 787 79% 204 SL hd = LL ie nnn nan ee LE | wtrcending Curves indicate decreasing westerty ctl valine September 20, 21,1843 22 23h Oe 7% 2% Bh 4h 3h zh gh gh 10} | | Baal zea a + | | | | 1a) TI —— Lt Bae Baas! enol | 28 ala | LU i | ia ] | | a | — jaa ae | ml | iz Ee | + | + Taat | T 4 | =| Ir i | | St | 1 r ee | . dk jal | ae | i | Taal Taal — | | | | 5 — ; = Ta eV Hor i | | | + Cen eae ees rf laa |_| a 1 i SS aie a ile a in. = | T if: lala + 1 ma | | moe + is | re - ea 1 |e a za ain | } | ale ! ++ a L a | 1 | a a SSI ft SS + + |} bd i a! od =; T sl if hes al | | a qt BB Baae : 1 BEE 1 = [a LE i) a {+ | EE 78 on 4% 3h 7h gh oF 70 y Alination and increasing force. Mu herstoun Observations Term-Day Magnetical Obsen Gottingen? MeanTime § 94 ih jah 3% ak XG tht 7h dg he 1gh 2048 21k Meclinwllor LS) Nw j bo [e's) J T = Ge WS oe ~ G be & Ss Hortszoréial Corp oF? CFE S Le rs we. DD. 2 Ss i ~ a ie) n Ss 2 SS i) kertical Cony o7-er TF bs Goitin geny/o? UW! 12% 73% lan 732 76% Tis 78% aC 20% Th MeanTime: \ ; rtrcending Curves tedicate decreasing westert 7 ta tS bate X | His gh he jh 1 cr BSG ecoecou t : Ss SASSae t jae iE r L el afaatea = ila aaa | en ae | T [ | { : a ie) (eater i cee + ale [et Tease JOR) | 4 ENE i elt cy [| [ eer ea pale z| | | t Seer Peed cae iC Bee SUE soeo00 —t = Ee Ss sls = L Ee ae ia cI eae ah i BSEBSSSESsnoee 1 t REECE a] a i alsa isle i 1 5 ime 1 | eet : Be ee ea | cr { HEE i; (aise c SDepE COS naE i SIE JERE JOBE | + Tet ‘tyittions October 18,19, 1843. 2! wiiteclination and increasing force. i h 5 AN one I Ie Tes SE as a ee an ee 4 a Bie | | . : + 5 - OM kerstoun Observations Term-D ay Magnetical Obser Goh Wi : : MeanTines jo# Wh Zak Aa gh “52 thie 17h dg he Loh 20% 21h ] | | Cl i | iia | | ; 4——_} | = suseuveddseeesacesaraeaavegs F a Ta a t 2512 ea t Mo N /k : S | SE | ~ 16 tps 1 SI CI S| t : > Be a i.) 2 r Q | i 2 | 4 = t | i i imi + t eee Ht He = 1 ~ EEEEEEPEEEE EEE ! > BeDed | TT iat i | s S25 =| im = S [ | Nis20 Ss al \ Ey N 5)5 ct S|| eaaegaced ae S 5}0 S| ELE K N Di s| 1 ® Peco HE 8 +a ate oaleal 8 can N Jseof+ ttt N RY He C NS h an ies a i | \ z NX Ee : F 1oSaee Oo | } | ~ — i] ] Bes | iat -— ml ’ j a FE | | a { a 5 PA tt ! ] H | pi 28 a ak Al See Gottingh lor a! 1g4 Jor 7% “gr 76% we 7&8? 79! 20° 24 Meanlme: : ; vscending Curves tredicate decreasing westen * eee pay 22 gar Wy Cecltnation and tirereasing force. i ie mee fees S } | H i if £ j 1 H j | f | | | | | | } I | ‘ a hain Wy OR pe rom er et OD y pe aos ae > Pe ee! a oes eS Soy SoS, SE Ste TS.