EE ae Pe eT Swit = a HARVARD UNIVERSITY. SSS SS SSS SSeS LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. | TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS R tot Wank OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. WD Ts ae For 1897-98. (Wit SEvEN PLaTEs AND THREE Wooncuts. | Yi i // | J dle VEL! . - + EDITED BY PROFESSOR R. TATE. ISSUED DECEMBER, 1898. “Adelaide : = W. ©. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed **per W. C. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.”’ Aopal Hon. Gre WALTER R Society of South Australia. Patron : HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. > OFFICERS. [ELECTED OcTOBER, 1898. ] president: W. L. CLELAND, M.B. Vice-President: PROFESSOR RALPH TATE. (Representative Governor.) WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S. ASULEL: Hon, Secretarp: UTT;) Cot 6. MAYO, CE Members of Council: REV. THOS. BLACKBURN, B.A. PROFKSSOR E. H. RENNIE, SAMUEL DIXON D.So., F.E.8. MAURICE HOLTZE, F.L.S. W. H. SELWAY, Jun. J. S. LLOYD E. C. STIRLING, C.M.G., M.D., M.A., F.B.S. Cw? N EEN ‘Tae. PART I. (Issued July, 1898.) ETHERIDGE, R. : A further Cambrian Trilobite from Yorke Peninsula (Plate IV.) - - - - : - - MASKELL, W. M.: On some Australian Insects of the Family Psyllidz (Plates I.—III.) - - - - - Howcain, W.: Further Discoveries of Glacial Remains in South Australia Age : : - : ph . BLACKBURN, Rev. T.: New Genera and Species cf Australian Coleoptera (X XIII.) - - - : - Tate, Pror. R.: On two Deep-level Dapuaits of Newer Pleistocene in South Australia - - - - . - ‘CorBin, H. B.: Noteson the Graphitic Slates and associated Rocks in the Kalgoorlie District : - - - - Maven, J. H., and EK. Bercue: On a New Myoporum from South Australia . afl - - - - - - PART II. (Issued December, 1898.) TaTE, Pror. R. : On Two New Cretaceous Bivalves = . On Some Australian Species of Eulimide and Pyramidellidse (Plate IVa. pars.) - - ————-- OnSome Recent and Fossil Australian Species of Philobrya (Plate IVa. pars. ) - - TuRNER, Dr. A. JEFFERIS: Notes on Australian Lepidoptera (Plate V.) : : - - - Kocu, Max: A List of Plants lien on Mount Lyndhrs Run, S.A. - : - - - ‘TaTE, Pror. R.: On some New or Little- known South Austen Plants” - - - - - - —————+—-—— Dimorphism in two South Australian Cruciferous Plants - - - - Nortn, A. J.: List of Birds collected by the Calvert Expedition in West Australia ; incl. Field Notes by G. A. Keartland . Moreay, Dr. A. M.: Notes on the Nest and Mees of Porzana jluminea - - - - : - Tate, Pror. R.: On deep-seated Eocene Strata in she Croyilon and other Bats : . - - - : TuRNER, Dr. A. JEFFERIS : den of New Microlepidopters from Queensland - = S 1 Torr, Dr. W. G., and E. Asusy: iio of ese iow Species of South Australian Polyplacophora (Plates VI. and VII.) — - BLACKBURN, Rev. T.: New Genera and Species of Australian Coleoptera (X XIV.) - - - : - - Browne, J. Harris : Use of the Wedge by Aborigines — - : PAGE m le 4 lV. APSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS - : : . ~ AnnvuAL REPORT - . - - . = BALANCE SHEET E ye 24 a F : PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS pi : : % 2 DonaTIons TO LIBRARY tg 2 Bre rig) Be 2g Se List or FELLOWS E ae ee oe ve nf : ome ~ APPENDICES. PRocEEDINGS, ANNUAL REPORT AND BALANCE OF THE NATURALISTS’ SECTIONS - : = eae ae . oe ASTRONOMICAL SECTION ~ coe eee oe “ 4 GENERAL INDEX : - : 2 z a 4 oo é " ’ ar : ch . FA ae s* it \ K ‘ ’ » ; r J (i) ee “ ’ Las ; Lae ham ) c ’ A al om cd dye Lip biecy) ? ’ ae P ‘ yl TY a ar fs ‘a Ls bie - : 4 A . EY fen . eRe oh ia ht AS 3 Pte WH? Pa ‘ou . ¢ an ¥ gy , ak bd . Y Y, vie i y m Fe ‘ hae’ wee” ° : aoe 7 4 my) ? : . OCT 4 1898 A FURTHER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE FROM YORKE PENINSULA. By R. ErueripGe, Junr., Hon. Fellow, Curator, Australian Museum, Sydney. [Read November 2, 1897.] Plate IV., figs. 1-3. In 1884 Dr. Henry Woodward described* two Cambrian Trilobites from the Parara limestone of Yorke Peninsula, to hich ha cava the names of Dolichometopus Tatei, and Cono- ERRATA. pp- 80-89, and legend on Plate iv. (Mollusca) read Plate iv. d¢s. p. 145, line 30, read were never seen. p. 162, line 12 from bottom insert a¢ after shot. pp. 173, 175-8, 181, 183, insert Brockman before Creek. p. 217, line 30, read Plate 6 instead of Plate 7. UcUlUgival wurrey. It eapeare that Zenker, in 1833, proposed the name of Conocephalus for a blind Trilobite, previously known as Trilobites Sulzeri, Schlottheim, and in 1839 Emmrich added a second species termed Conocephalus striatus, but possessing eyes. The incongruity of this appears to have struck Corda, who in 1847 pointed out that Conocephalus was, at the time of its enunciation, by Zenker, a preoccupied name, and proposed to substitute for the blind Conocephalus (C. Sulzert) the name of Conocoryphe, and for the species provided with eyes (Conocephalus striatus) that of Ptychoparia. Subsequently the illustrious paleontologist Barrande, without separating the two forms, endeavoured to * Geol. Mag., 1884, I. (3), p. 343. + Trans. R. Soc. S. Austr., 1892, XV., Pl. II., p. 187. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL REPORT ~~ - BALANCE SHEET f PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS DONATIONS TO LIBRARY _ List or FELLOwsS - Proceepincs, ANNUAL REPORT AND BALANCE ~ APPENDICES. - 4 - j U ‘ ‘oy a OF THE Fier. a al 1 - NATURALISTS’ SECTION” - ot - ia. +” v , ASTRONOMICAL SECTION | - - : - 2 aia GENERAL INDEX ~ E 8 Li AT AH ey 5 eat) A ra ( wececle a y 4 «3 5 bei } ho FOP i ha Sh © te , veer ora. aie ae We ei " ! t oe tip, ' t’ s* i) % = * Pi: 4 \ i th ; : ‘ ‘ a | . i =a) | ” Ang ae OCT & 1898 A FURTHER CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE FROM YORKE PENINSULA. By R. Erueripee, Junr., Hon. Fellow, Curator, Australian Museum, Sydney. [Read November 2, 1897.] Plate IV., figs. 1-3. In 1884 Dr. Henry Woodward described* two Cambrian Trilobites from the Parara limestone of Yorke Peninsula, to which he gave the names of Dolichometopus Tatei, and Cono- cephalites australis. Since then Prof. R. Tate has describedt two others from the same district—Olenellus (1) Pritchardi and Microdiscus subsagittatus. Quite recently the Mr. W. Howchin transmitted to me a portion of the cephalic shield of another Trilobite, found by him at Ardrossan, that is in my opinion congeneric with Woodward’s C. australis, but differing specifically, as I hope to show in the sequel, by a very important character. It will, however, be necessary in the first place to review our position in a generic sense. Dr. Woodward, following my determination of the Caro- line Creek Trilobites, in Tasmania, referred his species to the genus Conocephalites, Barrande, both of us using this name as it was then commonly accepted. Through later researches amongst Cambrian Faunas, and the literature relating thereto, it has been ascertained that Conocephalites as a generic name will not stand, but must give place to that of Ptychoparia, Corda. No one has done more to clear up this point than have Messrs. F. B. Meek and C. D. Walcott, the latter the energetic director of the U.S. Geological Survey. It appears that Zenker, in 1833, proposed the name of Conocephalus for a blind Trilobite, previously known as T'rilobites Sulzeri, Schlottheim, and in 1839 Emmrich added a second species termed Conocephalus striatus, but possessing eyes. The incongruity of this appears to have struck Corda, who in 1847 pointed out that Conocephalus was, at the time of its enunciation, by Zenker, a preoccupied name, and proposed to substitute for the blind Conocephalus (C. Sulzeri) the name of Conocoryphe, and for the species provided with eyes (Conocephalus striatus) that of Ptychoparia. Subsequently the illustrious paleontologist Barrande, without separating the two forms, endeavoured to * Geol. Mag., 1884, I. (3), p. 343. + Trans. R. Soc. S. Austr., 1892, XV., Pl. IL., p. 187. 2 surmount the difficulty by substituting the name Conocephalites for Conocephalus*. In 1872 the late Mr. F. B. Meek, whose great care and perspicuity it is a pity more of us do not follow, adoptedt Corda’s names to the exclusion of Barrande’s substituted one. Finally in the words of Mr. Walcott :—“ This division [7.e., of Conocephalus, Zenker] appears to me to be one demanded by the characters of the two types, and I fully endorse the opinion of the late Mr. F. B. Meek ( . . . . ) that Mr. Corda’s names should be adopted, and the subsequent name Conocephalites, proposed by Mr. Barrande, in 1852, treated as a synonym.{” In these terms I now employ the name Ptychoparia for Conocephalites australis, Woodw., and the fragmentary cephalic shield, lately obtained by Mr. Howchin, for which I propose the name of— Ptyehoparia Howehini, sp. nov. Pl. IV., figs. 1-3. Sp. Char.—Glabella oblong, with sides almost parallel, narrow- ing but very slightly towards the front, which is evenly rounded; surface convex, and slightly arched in the middle line, most so posteriorly ; furrows in three pairs, the first or posterior pair being the strongest marked, consisting of shallow depressions extending inwards nearly to the arched median line ; second or middle pair still shallower and shorter, issuing from the axial grooves halfway between the first pair of furrows and proximal ends of the ocular ridges ; third or anterior pair very short and faint, mere nicks in the lateral margins of the glabella, exactly opposite the proximal ends of the ocular ridges ; basal lobes the most pronounced, the anterior lobe the largest, gradually sloping downwards to the well developed frontal furrow, which is wide and gently concave ; fillet (bourrelet) of the limb prominent, thick, and rounded. Facial sutures anterior to the ocular ridges, straight (7.e., parallel to the longer axis of the glabella), giving to the anterior portions of the united glabella and fixed cheeks a square appearance. Fixed cheeks gently convex, but not wholly preserved. Ocular ridges very well marked, broad and_ rather flat, very oblique to the longer axis of the glabella, bounded pos- teriorly by faint furrows. Axial furrows broad and not deep. Ornament consisting of granules of two orders, small, and minute respectively, interspersed with one another, and distributed over the whole surface, including the frontal furrow, limb, and ocular ridges. * Syst. Sil. Bohéme, 1852, I. p. 415. + 6th Ann. Report U.S. Geol. Survey Territories (Hayden’s), 1872, p. 487. I regret that I have not this work at hand to refer to. + Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey (Powell’s), No. 10, 1884, p. 35. Obs.—The central portion of the cephalic shield, or cephalon, is all that is preserved of this interesting crustacean. The reason for separating it from P. australis, Woodw., sp., are the follow- ing :—(1.) Presence of the strong ocular ridges, absent in the latter ; (2) direction of the facial sutures, which in P. australis are said to be ‘‘ somewhat oblique,” but here are certainly straight anterior to the ocular ridges, and do not commence near the - anterior angle(s) of the glabella ; (3) absence of oblique striz in advance of the eyes ; and (4) the position the eyes would occupy were they preserved. As regards the last point of difference in P. australis the anterior ends of the eyes are decidedly well forward, but I believe the corresponding points in P. Howchini will be found to be much more posterior in position. In most Ptychoparie possessing ocular ridges, the anterior terminations of the eyes are situated at the distal or posterior ends of the ocular ridges. Now these points in P. Howchini are much more posterior than the corresponding positions in P. australis. Herein, in my opinion, lies a fundamental difference between the two types. To Ptychoparia are also referable, in all probability, most, if not all the fragmentary cephalic shields, described by me from Caroline Creek, Tasmania.* [The Type specimen is in the Australian Museum, Sydney, presented by Mr. Howchin. | 3 EXPLANATION TO PLATE IV. PrycHoraRIA HowcHInNl. Fig. 1, The cephalon or head shield as far as preserved, front view. 2. The same, side view. 3. Granules forming the sculpture, much enlarged. * Proc, i; Soe. Tas. for 1882 (1883), pp. 153-157. ON SOME AUSTRALIAN INSECTS OF THE FAMILY PSYLLID.Z.* By W. M., Maske tt, Hon. Correspondent. [Read December 7, 1897. ] Plates I.—ITI. The Australasian Psyllide have not, as far as I am aware, been sufficiently studied. T. Dobson, in the Papérs and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land, in 1850, wrote upon the waxy secretion, or ‘‘manna,” produced by some Tasmanian insects, and gave some figures both of this manna and of adult. insects ; but ‘he seems to have known of only three species. I possess some waxy shields corresponding to his figures 3 and 5, but have not their adults; and it is not possible to make out from his figures 4 and 6 exactly what genera or species are repre- sent.d by them. Since his time I do not know of any systematic attempt to describe Psyllidz in this part of the world, except my own paper in the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 1889, in which I reported four new species, one of which was probably an importation from Australia. Mr, E. Rubsaamen, in the Berlin Entom. Zeitschrift, 1893, has a paper on some galls on Eucalyptus, amongst a number of which he mentions one from Australia which contained a Psyllid pupa; but no adult was. found. I gathered from a letter a few years ago from the late Mr. Olliff that he proposed to form a new genus, “Xylolyma,” for some of the species which have waxy shields ; but the specimens. which I possess of four of these would belong rather to Signoret’s proposed genus “ Spondyliaspis.” Probably, however, the adults of these forms, when found, would not be, separable from the ordinary Psyllid genera, like Asphalara tecta of the present paper; and both Spondyliaspis and Xylolyma would be aban- doned. I think that Mr. Olliff never actually published anything on his suggested genus. If any other papers exist on Austral- asian Psyllide, I have not seen them, nor can I find references. to any in the “ Zoological Record.” But there must be many fine species yet to be discovered in these regions. The principal character for generic separation in this family is the venation of the forewing of the adult. In order to illustrate * This is a posthumous article, the author having died before receipt of proofs. —[ Ep. ] 5 this point in the present paper I have inserted in the figures of wings letters denoting the parts referred to in the text. Although I could not, on account of the dark patches, put such letters in fig. 3, but the letters of figs. 10 and 17 will serve also for them. I have also placed letters to the figures of the male genitalia. Genus Psy, Geoff. Head prolonged anteriorly in two processes. Stalk of the cubital vein in the forewing shorter than the stalk of the sub- costal vein. Psylla Lidgetti, sp. nov. Pl. i., figs. 1-4. Insects not forming any gall or shield. Pupa naked, active (Fig. 1). Colour, dorsally, dark brownish- yellow, with a dark-brown patch on the head on each side of a longitudinal light stripe ; thorax with an anterior brown patch and six others in two rows; abdomen transversely banded with brown. Wing-cases dark-brown, almost black. Ventrally, the general colour is dark-red. Antenne and feet greenish, the ter- minal joints of each dark-brown. Eyes red. The general form of the insect in this stage is elliptical, the head smoothly rounded in front, the abdomen terminating in a minute projection. Antenne as long as the whole body, rather thick, with eight joints, six of which are ringed and bear numerous hairs, and on the Jast are two unequal spines. Feet thick and swollen, rather short ; the dimerous tarsus, claws and pad are normal of the genus. The margin of the whole body and head is fringed with numerous short hairs, and a number of these are also scattered over all the dorsum. Length of the pupa about 1} mm.=; inch, The adult insect (fig. 2) is of a general brown colour with some irregular patches of reddish yellow ; the antenne and feet yellow ; eyes red. Head broader than long, somewhat depressed in front and produced beneath in two short roundly-conical pro- cesses. Eyes semi-globular, sessile, numerously facetted. Antenne moderately long and slender, with ten joints, of which eight are ringed. Feet presenting no special characters. In the forewings the sides are nearly parallel, each side very slightly concave in the middle, the ends broadly rounded. The primary stalk of the veins reaches to about one-fourth of the length of the wing; the stalk of the cubitus* is about one-half the length of the stalk of the sub-costa ; the sub-costa forks close to the margin * On aceount of the dark bands on the wing in fig. 3 the veins cannot be well distinguished by lettering ; but the letters in figs. 10 and 17 will answer also for this. 6 with one short branch and another almost parallel to the margin, but there is no pterostigma in the enclosed space; the radius is wavy, joining the costal margin about the apex ; the upper main branch of the cubitus is convex, forking at two-thirds of its length and its upper secondary branch reaches the margin a little below the apex ; the lower main branch forks at about three- fourths of its length, the shorter secondary branch turning sharply to the margin, the longer extremely convex ; the claval vein is short and very slightly concave. On the surface of the wing are several brown patches ; a few, small and scattered, near the base of the wing; one across the middle, much broader near the costal margin and narrow near the dorsal margin; a third, towards the extremity, very broad at the dorsal margin; and a fourth, very small, separated from the third by a crescent-shaped hyaline space, just above the apex. The hind wings are hyaline, with only the usual three longitudinal faint veins. The genitalia of the male insect (fig. 4) consists of the usual dorsal processes ; the genital-plate (a) is curved slightly backwards, with its basal portion very broadly rounded posteriorly ; the forceps (6) con- sists of two narrow cylindrical processes bent slightly forwards ;. between these organs is the penis (not shown in the figure) ; the abdominal extremity (c) is blunt and turned upwards. The genitalia of the female have not been observed, but in all pro- bability they do not differ greatly from those of the next species. Habitat.—In Australia, on Acacia implexa. My specimens. were sent by Mr. Lidgett, of Myrniong, Victoria, from whom I have ventured to name the insect. The differences between this and P. acacie will be readily seen by comparison of the wings and the genitalia, although in colour and in habit the two do not greatly differ. The brown bands on the forewing of P. Lidgettt are much more close and conspicuous than the scattered patches on P. acacice, and the dorsal hairs of the pupa are also distinctive. Grenus APHALARA, Jorster. Head either swollen or produced in conical processes ; stalk of cubitus in forewing longer than the stalk of the subcosta ; radius. curved. I follow F. Low in including amongst the generic characters. the processes of the head. Scott (Trans. Entom. Soc., London, 1876) says :—“ Face not lobate.” Aphalara tecta, sp. nov. PI. ii., figs. 5-10. Insects covered in the pupal stage by a waxy scale or shield. The colour of this shield is reddish-yellow; the form is sub- 11 elliptical or pear-shaped, tapering anteriorly, somewhat convex, the secretion exhibiting very fine transverse striations, and in some specimens also a few obscure corrugations radiating from the pointed end; the margin is smooth all round; the average length is about 4 mm.=+ inch, with a width at the broadest part of about 3mm. The texture of the dorsal part is thin and not very solid; the marginal part is thickened by an accretion which, on turning over the shield, is seen to form a ventral scale not extending over the whole median space. The enclosed pupa is yellow, both dorsally and ventrally, and the antenne and feet are likewise yellow; the wing-cases are dark-brown. On the dorsum there isa short transverse black band at about the separation of the thorax and the abdomen ; on the head and thorax are two longitudinal rows of black quadrangular spots, and on the abdomen two similar rows. of short black bands in pairs; the extremity of the abdomen bears a black patch. On the abdominal margin is a quantity of white cottony secretion, not forming a fringe. Antenne moderate, with eight joints, of which six are ringed. Feet short and thick. The adult female is yellow, with the thorax and abdomen marked dorsally with a few black patches ; eyes reddish, facetted, semiglobular, sessile. Head broader than long, depressed in front, produced beneath in two rather long sub-cylindrical pro- cesses. Antenne yellow, with brown tips, of the usual ten joints. Feet yellow, normal. Forewings hyaline, without spots or bands ; the primary stalk of the veins (a 5) is very short, only about one-sixth the length of the wing ; the stalk of the cubitus (6 c) is a little longer than the stalk of the sub-costa (6 d); the sub-costa (dg) forks close to the margin; the radius (df) is rather convex, and reaches the margin near the apex, and a little above it ; the upper branch of the cubitus (ce, c h) forks at some distance from the inargin, its branches bending sharply down- wards ; the lower cubital branch (c &, c m) forks at a short dis- tance from its source, and its longer branch is not very convex ; the clavus (a 7) is concave. Hindwings hyaline, with the normal three longitudinal veins. Genitalia of the male (fig. 14) with a sub-conical genital-plate, the sides straight, the end truncate ; the forceps is very broadly dilated at its tips, and is bent sharply forward beyond the genital-plate. Genitalia of the female formed of two simple conical valves enclosing the ovipositor. Habitat.—On Eucalyptus stuwartiana. My specimens were sent by Mr. French from Victoria, the exact locality not mentioned. The appearance of the pupal shield in this species might cause it to be easily mistaken for a coccid of the genera Chionaspis or 8 Mytilaspis, but examination of the enclosed pupa shows it to be undoubtedly a Psyllid. Genus Trioza, Forster. Head produced in two conical processes ; stalk of the cubitus in forewing entirely wanting. Trioza multitudinea, Tepper. PI. iii., figs. 11-17. Ascelis (?) multitudinea, Tepper, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Australia, 1893. Figs. 15-21. Insects forming large galls on leaves, in the pupal stage. These galls, in the fresh state, have a greenish colour, but when quite mature or old they become red, or reddish-yellow; the normal form is subglobular ; rarely, specimens are slender and cylindri- cal ; the outer surface is rough and wrinkled ; the texture is soft and leathery. ach gall usually contains a single cavity—some- times there are two or three cavities; the interior walls are always quite smooth. The gall is attached to the leaf by a narrow base, and on the other side of the leaf there is usually a depres- sion, but this is not entirely constant. The galls vary in size from a diameter of 3mm.=+} inch, to 12 or more mm. And I have seen a few almost 1 inch. Within the galls are found the pupz, which when alive have dorsally a palish-browr colour, banded with faint yellow bars ; dead specimens are dark-brown, and the bands almost obsolete ; ventrally the colour is pale yellow, the feet and antennz the same. Dorsally the wing-covers are plainly visible, also the eyes, which in fresh specimens are bluish. The margin of the pupa all round bears a fringe of short yellow hairs. The general form is elliptical, with a length of about 2 mm.= ,4, inch. There is no special character in the antenne and feet, which indeed do not vary greatly in the genus Trioza. The larva has not been observed. The adult female is almost entirely yellow, with a darker tinge | on the thorax, dorsally, and at the extremities of the antenne and feet; the eyes are red, semi-globular, facetted, placed on a short tubercular base. The head is broader than long, depressed in front and produced beneath in two moderately long sub-conical processes ; the rostrum is cylindro-conical. The antenne have 10 joints, all elongated, sub-equal and ringed, except the two first, which are short and smooth ; on the last joint are two short sub- equal spines. Feet normal, with dimerous tarsi and double claws. The genitalia of the female (fig. 19) consist of two longish, sharply-pointed processes enclosing the ovipositor ; one of these is rather shorter than the other ; both are numerously ringed, the 9 outer margins of the rings smooth to the tip ; the inner margins are also smooth for about halfway, but those near the tip are very sharply serratulate. Forewings hyaline, with a very minute sparse punctuation and without marginal hairs; the dorsal margin (fig. 21, a mh) is slightly concave in the middle, the costal margin (age) is nearly regularly convex; the primary stalk of the veins (a 6) extends to nearly one-third of the wing ; the cubitus (5 e, b &) has no stalk, forking directly with the sub- costa (at 6); the upper branch of the cubitus (0 e, b h) is convex, forking near the apex, the terminal branches reaching the margin at about equal distances from the apex ; the lower branch forks near the dorsal margin with one short branch (to m) and one longer and convex (to k); the radius (df) is very slightly wavy, and leaves the subcosta (0 g) at about half the length of the latter ; the clavus (a7) is nearly straight ; the costal vein (a g eh 7) runs all round the margin. The hindwings are hyaline, with three faint longitudinal veins, of which the posterior one is forked. The genitalia of the male have the usual dorsal processes ; the genital plate (a) is broad at the base, with slightly emarginate tapering sides ending in two divergent sub-conical teeth ; the forceps (6) is somewhat similar, but narrower, and is bent forwards almost to the plate. The length of this insect is about 2 mm=~, inch, with an expanse of wings about 5 mm. Habitat.—In Australia, on various species of LHucalyptus ; principally, I believe, on what is known as “ Stringybark.” | Mr. Tepper sent me specimens from Marino, South Australia; Mr. Froggatt, from New South Wales; Mr. French, from Victoria ; and Mr. H. 8. Dove, from Tasmania. The generic position of this insect is clearly defined by the character vf the wings, which are quite normal of the genus Trioza. Specifically, it may be distinguished by the genitalia of the female, which seems to be different from any hitherto re- ported, as well as by the character of the galls which the pupz inhabit. Psyllidz, as has been found of late years, are almost as varied as Coccide in their ways of covering themselves ; and this seems to be especially the case with the Australasian forms, for I do not find that Low and Scott or Riley draw particular attention to this point respecting Psyllide of other regions. In this part of the globe, however, we have some uncovered (¢.g. Rhinocola fuchsie in New Zealand), some with cottony secretion (as Rhinocola eucalypti in N.Z.), some excavating pits for them- selves (as some undetermined Australian forms), some forming elaborate waxy tests of elegant design (as the species described from Tasmania by Dobson in 1850 and others not yet fully worked out), and some again, such as the one now under dis- 10 cussion, forming large and conspicuous galls. I possess several specimens of very beautiful waxy pupa-cases, of which one is certainly that for which Signoret founded his genus Spondyliaspis in 1879; but some of these are empty, and in others there are only dead pupe, so that I cannot well describe them. It would be worth while for an Australian entomologist to take up the study of these forms, and to describe the adults. In 1893 Mr. J. G. O. Tepper published in the Transactions of this Society a paper on “South Australian Brachyscelid Galls,” — in which he described one species as of the genus Ascelis, namely, A, multitudinea. Having previously had galls of this (sent by Mr. French), and having extracted from them only Psyllid pupe, I was convinced that Mr. Tepper’s description of them to the Coccide could not be correct, and I asked him to let me have specimens, which he very kindly did at once. From the galls which he sent me I bred four adult insects, which are those described above. Mr. Tepper must have been led into his error on account of a principle which he laid down in his paper. Speaking of some of my Coccid genera—Vrenchia, Cylindro- coccus, &c.,—he said :—‘ On account of a general similarity of habit, I consider that they also should be included in the family [Brachyscelidee]. They form woody galls similar in structure to those of Brachyscelis.” Undoubtedly, the galls of Trioza multi- tudinea might easily be taken as very closely allied to those of such species as Brachyscelis nux or Opisthoscelis subrotunda or others, as long as the enclosed insects are not examined. But the study of these at once shows that the principle embodied in the words just quoted (and which I have italicised) is essentially erroneous. Clearly both Psyllide and Coccide have a “ general similarity of habit ;” yet it is quite impossible to unite the two. There is only one point as to which I am in doubt. Mr. Tepper describes not only the gall of his species, but also the enclosed insect. This, he says, is “ yellow, rather flat, elliptical, with long hairs . . antenne dorsal . . legsnone . . last segment of abdomen deeply emarginate, the sides forming thick, obtusely acuminate appendages, without bristles or sete.” What was this. insect ? The description does not seem like that of a Coccid, and the figure given by Mr. Tepper (in bis Plate V., fig. 4d) has no Coccid features. In all the galls of this species opened by me I have found Psyllid pupe, in which the legs are a very conspicuous character ; but in some I found also yellow, elliptical things, with dorsal antennz, which were pup of parasites, and from one of which emerged a long-bodied, long-winged fly of some Hymen- opterous genus. I think, on the whole, that I have rightly attached Mr. Tep- per’s insect to 7’rioza. The specific name given by him is quite appropriate, and I have not disturbed it. 1] INDEX TO FIGURES. Norr.—In the figures of wings a 6 is the “‘ primary stalk ;” bc is the ‘* stalk of the cubitus;” b dis the ‘‘stalk of the subcosta;” bg, bf, is the ‘‘subcosta ;” a fis the ‘“‘radius;” ce,ch is the ‘upper branch of the cubitus ;” ck, ¢ mis the “‘ lower branch of the cubitus ;” an is the clavus.” In the figures of genitalia, a is the ‘‘ genital-plate ;” bis the ‘‘ forceps ;” c is the ‘‘ abdominal extremity.” All the figures are highly magnified, except fig. 16. Fig. 1. Psylla Lidgetti, pupa. ee ss adult insect, dorsal view. Se a forewing. apy 6s genitalia of male, side view. 5. Aphalara tecta, shields on leaf. 6. “ ‘¢ pupa. 7. ‘é ‘¢ head of adult. 8. 6s es antenna. 9. << ‘« genitalia of male. 10. 6 ‘* forewing. ll. Trioza multitudinea, galls on leaf. 12. < e pupa. 13. &< “e adult insect. 14. & “ genitalia of female. 15. = a a *< more highly magnified. 16. és 6 genitalia of male. 17. oT a forewing. FURTHER DISCOVERIES OF GLACIAL REMAINS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By Watter Howcuin, F.G.S. [Read May 3, 1898.] The Inman and Hindmarsh Rivers enter the sea within one- and-a-half miles from each other at Encounter Bay, with the town of Port Victor situated between their outlets. The Inman takes its rise in the Bald Hills and follows a E.S.E. course, whilst the Hindmarsh River rises in a series of springs among the “ Tiers,” twelve miles north of Port Victor, and has a course almost due north and south. In a previous paper read before the Society* it has been shown that the Inman valley carries abundant evidences of former glacial conditions, and that the trend of the ice was from south to north. Ice-borne stones have been traced rounding Cape Jervis, and studding the eastern shores of the Gulf. Similar erratics have been carried overland, across the Cape Jervis peninsula, and northward as far as Hallets Cove, at least fifty miles from’ their source. All the evidence thus obtained pointed to the fact that the granite ridge of the southern coast had been a centre of dispersion for the ice, and as the Hindmarsh Valley, like the Inman, is included in the radii from this ceutre, it seemed highly probable that it would supply additional proofs of the extent of this extinct icefield. To test this point by direct observation, I spent a few days last month in a walking tour through the Hindmarsh Valley and Ranges, across to Myponga and Sellick’s Hill. The superficial deposits to some extent mask the geological features of the Valley, yet the results show that the Hindmarsh Valley has been under an equal measure of glaciation as the Inman Valley. The geological formations of the district are as follows :— Recent.—1. River wash, consisting mainly of fine silt. Newer Tertiary.—2. Horizontal beds of variegated marls and sands, with thin lenticular beds of fine gravel. Older Tertiary.—3. Pink - coloured fossiliferous limestone (limited to the head waters of the Hindmarsh). * Trans. Roy. Soc., 8S. Aus., xxi, p. 61. 13 Geological Horizon Doubtful.—4. Glacial clays and sand- stones, with erratics. Primary. —5. Metamorphic quartzites, sometimes passing into schistose structure. In no part of its course (south of Nettle’s Hill) does the Hind- marsh River flow over the Primary rocks, and consequently no opportunity presented itself of finding such examples of -polished ice pavements as occur in the Inman. The Valley flats and minor hills are composed of Newer Tertiary beds, as described above. In the lower reaches of the Valley these beds attain a considerable thickness, and effectually obscure the underlying beds. Good sections may be seen in washaways and steep cliffs up to 50 ft. in height, and it is in these Newer Tertiary beds that the river has cut its way and laid down more or less a secondary deposit of recent alluvial wash, In some parts of the valley, especially on the higher flats, the surface is a loose white sand, densely occupied by scrub. On all sides there were presented the strongest proofs that in post glacial times the valley has been subjected to much silting up, the glacial deposits have been wasted, rearranged, or blinded by an excess of cover, and the wonder is that any evidence of their presence has been left to tell its tale. A very large granite boulder was met with on Mr. Alexander Hutchison’s land, distant from the river about three-quarters of a mile, on its western banks, and immediately on the line of fence separating Sections 205 and 218, Hundred of Encounter Bay. The stone was originally so large that it formed an obstacle to the fence, and had to be blasted before the wire could be carried through. Two shots had been inserted, reducing the part exposed above ground to half a dozen pieces, the largest of which measures 4 ft. x 3 ft. x 3 ft. The base is still set firmly in the ground, and the part exposed measures seven feet across. It isa red granite with the characteristic features of the Port. Victor and Port Elliot granites. Two other large granite boulders were pointed out to me by Mr. Hutchison occuring on his land on the eastern side of the river. One of these was situated near the eastern edge of Section 117, Hundred of Goolwa, and the other near the middle of the adjacent Section 143. Both boulders are nearly even with the ground, and have an exposure of five feet and four feet respec- tively, but it was apparent that if the soil had been removed their dimensions would have been shown to be much greater. Following the road for about two miles, and rounding the prominent spur of the Peeralilla Hill, as the road passes through Section 136, a low cutting on the right hand side of the road exposes a drift bed containing many erratics, including a 14 granite boulder which is uncovered to the extent of about 2 ft. Tt is not unlikely that this bank-of drift has slipped down from higher ground. A few hundred yards further north, at a point nearly opposite the gates of Beaudesert, occupied by Mrs. Hutchnison, two large granite boulders are seen on the right hand side of the road, near the crest of the foot hills. They are at an elevation of about 80 ft. above the road, and as they exhibit flat faces toward each other, it is very likely that they originally formed one block which has split along a line of weakness into two. They are now 3 ft. apart (one having slid a little down the bank), and are about of equal size, measuring, respectively, 7 ft. x 3 ft. above ground. Miss Hutchinson, of Beaudesert, kindly directed my attention to a very fine erratic which occupies the bed of a dry tributary of the river about a quarter of a mile below the farmstead. It is a solid block of granite, 6 ft. x 5 ft. x 3 ft. 6 ins. high, and has a fragment lying beside it which appears to have at one time formed part of the larger mass. The boulder rests on a whitish sandstone, somewhat flaggy in structure, which is set irregularly with erratics of all sizes. This ylacial sandstone is well seen about ten yards further down the creek, where it occupies the whole bed of the stream and has a dip of 18° N.N.E. Between this spot and the Beaudesert farmhouse there is a bed of laminated black clay in the bottom of the Hindmarsh River which has much the appearance of the black shale of the Inman Valley, where it is found to be intercalated with the glacial sand- stone. Half a mile further north the glacial sandstones are said to be again exposed in the bed of the river at the confluence of a tributary, and the retaining wall of the Mount Billy bridge, which crosses the stream in Section 138, Hundred of Goolwa, rests upon the same beds. Large granite boulders, I was told, occur on the top of the foothills to the right of the Mount Billy bridge, but I had not the opportunity of visiting them. On Mr. Abel Gray’s property, at Condolley Farm, Section 59, Hundred of Encounter Bay, there is an exposure of glacial sand- stone which forms a cliff 15 feet high. The beds have a dip 12°8., 3° E. The stone is moderately hard, and Mr. Gray when building his house put in two shots to test the quality of the stone for building purposes, but it proved too friable for use. The beds at this place are comparatively free from large stones, but several small granite boulders were seen on the surface which had probably been weathered out from the upper beds, the largest of which measured 18 inches in length. Mr. Gray informed me that the same sandstone could be seen in the creek on the other side of the Green Hill opposite his house, 15 and also at a more distant locality at the Square Water Hole, on the road to Willunga, about 20 chains N.N.W. of the Old Square Water Hole House, and five to six chains from the Adelaide road on the left hand side going north. The surface of the stone at the latter place, he states, has been loosened by weathering, and is more or less covered by blown sand. It seems highly probable that the extensive deposits of Newer Tertiary sand beds, which have to a great extent choked the Hindmarsh Valley, have been derived as rearranged material from the glacial sandstones, which at several points are seen to underlie them. The Hindmarsh Valley proper comes to an abrupt termination at Nettles Hill, about nine miles from Port Victor. After passing Mount Billy Bridge, the road makes a steep ascent of several hundred feet, and enters on a hiily plateau known as the “Hindmarsh Tiers.” I saw no granite boulders, nor could I hear of any having been noticed in these Ranges. On the hilltops there frequently occur, however, beds of sandy clay, in which pebbles are promiscuously distributed. These pebbles are much worn, and in some examples appear to be facetted. They are, indeed, exactly similar to the rounded and facetted pebbles which occur plentifully in undoubted glacial drift at Yankalilla and Cape Jervis. I am by no means certain that they have any con- nection with the glacial phenomena of the district, but their occurrence is peculiar and worth recording. Similar beds with pebbles distributed irregularly through them can be seen at Myponga on the southern flanks of Sellick’s Hill. At the head of the Hindmarsh River there occurs a very re- markable fossiliferous limestone of Eocene age. The stone con- sists almost entirely of organic remains, forming a very pure carbonate of lime often of a delicate pink colour, and is quarried in the neighbourhood and burnt for lime. The outcrop, which is of an inconspicuous character, is confined to the sides of a narrow creek on land farmed by Mr. Geo. Maslin, within Sections 600 and 601, Hundred of Encounter Bay. The rock is in places massive, and is exposed to a height of twenty feet above the level of the stream, but as the stream has not cut its way to the base of the formation its thickness is unknown. The same limestone can also be seen in a small tributary a little further to the west, but I did not visit the place. This limestone has been generally spoken of as the ‘ Mount Jagged limestone,” but it is situated more than three miles from Mount Jagged and is nearer Mount Cone, which is a more considerable elevation. The spot where it occurs is marked by several strong springs which form the head- waters of the Hindmarsh River. 16 The considerable altitude of this limestone invests it with special interest. The numerous Eocene outcrops of the colony are, with this exception, all within a height not exceeding 200 feet above sea level, whilst the Eocene outlier of the Upper Hindmarsh cannot be much less than 1000 feet. The water parting of this elevated plateau occurs about three miles north of the Eocene outcrop, reaching its greatest altitude in Mount Cone and Mount Jagged, the former, according to the Survey Office records, is 1,380 feet above sea level, and the latter 1,230. feet. The Peeralilla Hill, which is three miles further down the valley than the outcrop in question, hasa height of 910 feet. The exact height of the Eocene beds is not known, but is probably some- where between 800 feet and 1000 feet. IT hoped, in visiting this outcrop, some evidences might be found that would throw light on the stratigraphical relationship of the Eocene limestone to the glacial beds of the districi, but neither the base nor the upper limits of the Lower Tertiary beds were exposed. A great thickness of rich loamy soil forms the banks of the creek at this place, and the upper posts of limestones. have been weathered into large boulders (after the manner of limestones), with soil as cover and filling the intermediate spaces. The occurence of Eocene beds at an altitude which gives them a. unique position for rocks of this age in southern Australia raises some interesting questions in stratigraphical geology, concerning which we have at present no satisfactory solution.* It is worthy of note that a few months ago I picked up several sea-worn boulders of Eocene limestone of a pinky colour on the beach near Sellick’s Hill. In some respects they bore a close re- semblance to the limestone of the Upper Hindmarsh, but differed from the latter in containing rounded grains of quartz. There are Eocene beds on the beach near where the pink limestone boulders were found, but they appeared to possess very distinct lithological features from the rolled fragments. The origin of these sea-worn boulders is, therefore, a little uncertain. If de- rived from the upland outcrop they must have crossed the water- shed. It is perhaps more likely that they have a local origin in some calcareous band which, when broken up and exposed to sea water for some time have suffered some alteration in their ferru- ginous constituents, and, by oxidation, have developed a pink colour. Such a change, so far as I know, is not common in our Eocene limestones, and may be taken into account when an * Professor Tate says—‘‘ Catyclismal disturbance must account for the presence of fossiliferous beds of this age (Eocene) in the Encounter Bay district at elevations above 600 feet.” Roy. Soc., N.S. Wales, Vol. xxii, p. 242. (1888). 17 attempt is made to correlate stratigraphically these upland Eocenes with their low-level equivalents. The observations detailed in this paper, whilst enlarging our knowledge of the geographical extent of the extinct ice-field of South Australia, unfortunately, do not throw any additional light on the age at which the glaciation took place or the kind of agency by which the ice operated. We may reasonably expect, however, that when the thick and varied deposits of this period have been submitted to careful examination these two questions will be solved. 18 FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA wiITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Buackpurn, B.A. [Read May 3, 1898.] XXITI. LAMELLICORNES. MELOLONTHINI (Tribe). This aggregate of genera appertains, in Lacordaire’s arrange- ment, to the second “ Legion” of the family “Lamellocornes” on account of some of the abdominal stigmata being placed on the ventral segments. Lacordaire divides this second “ Legion” into “Tribes,” of which the Melolonthini is one and is distinguished by those of the abdominal stigmata which are placed on the ven- tral segments not diverging strongly from the line in which the dorsal and ventral segments meet. The “Tribe” Melolonthinz is divided by Lacordaire into “sub-tribes,” of which, so far as I know, only four are represented in Australia,—viz. Systellopides (separated since Lacordaire’s time from his sub-tribe Pachypodides) Sericides, Sericoides, and Melolonthides (true). The Systellopide, are distinguished from the rest of the above-named sub-tribes by the atrophy of the maxillary lobe in combination with the posi- tion of the labrum on the same plane with the clypeus ; while the true Melolonthides differ from the remaining two by the front coxe being (not conical and prominent but) transverse. Lacordaire distinguishes the Sericides and Sericoides by the relation between their clypeus and labrum, the latter being in the Sericides intimately connected (soudé) with the clypeus so as to be “indistinct” while in the Sevicoides it is “free.” Here it is to be noted (as Lacordaire remarks) that in some genera (e.g. Diphucephala) the clypeus is divided by a suture which gives its front part the appearance of a free labrum, and it must be admitted that there are genera in which it is exceedingly difficult to say that the piece in question is not the real labrum. As an instance I would mention Phyllotocus. Comparing an example of this genus with some of the Systellopides I cannot discover any difference of structure justifying the assertion that the front piece of the head is a part of the clypeus in one and the labrum in the other. It must be remembered doubtless that Lacordaire 19 does not appear to have actually examined any Systellopid spe- cies, and that it is Dr. Sharp who states that it is the labrum which in the Systellopides is attached to the front of the clypeus and is on the same level with it. I do not venture to assert that either of these accomplished entomologists (both extremely eminent anatomists) is wrong,—which would be highly presump- tuous in any but a specialist on anatomy,—but I draw attention to the matter in order to show that Lacordaire’s method of dis- tinguishing the Sericides from the Sericoides is at any rate not easy of application to the ordinary student. However, there can be no doubt that these sub-tribes of Melolonthint form two very natural and distinct aggregates in each of which moreover there is a highly characteristic relation between the clypeus and labrum, and I think this can be expressed in terms (different from those of Lacordaire) which at any rate as a supplementary statement of characters will be found useful inasmuch as it avoids the necessity of determining in difficult cases whether the front piece of the head is or is not a true labrum. In the Sericides, whether we regard the front piece of the head as a labrum or follow Lacordaire in regarding it as an extension of the clypeus and the labrum as invisible, it stands good that the front face of the front piece of the head looked at from in front has very little downward vertical or oblique development, so that the insertion of the palpi is very little below the plane of the clypeus, but in the Sericoides it is far otherwise. In them (and also in the true Melolonthides), the labrum is attached to the clypeus at a position considerably below the plane of the upper surface of the latter, so that if the latter be looked at from in front it seems to be strongly thickened downward (in some species obliquely downward and hindward) and the labrum is attached to it at a point considerably down this thickened front face. As in the Sericides so in Sericoides there are genera in which the labrum is not very easy to see as an organ distinct from the clypeus, and moreover the labrum itself is of very variable form in the Serzcoides (in some genera even becoming an erect lamina the apex of which rises considerably above the plane of the clypeus) ; nevertheless a result of the attachment of the base of the labrum being as indicated above is that the palpi are inserted considerably below the plane of the upper surface of the clypeus and all the observations I have made confirm the opinion that their being so inserted is reliable evidence that the relation of the clypeus and the labrum are of the Sericoid rather than the Sericid type. The adoption of this view of the distinctive characters of the Australian Sericides and Sericoides involves some little re-adjust+ 20 ment of the species to be attributed to those sub-tribes respectively, inasmuch as it renders necessary the removal of Mceechidius from the former to the latter and of Pachytricha and Phenognatha from the latter to the former. These transfers, however, appear to me to tend altogether to a more natural classification. All the three genera affected by it are extremely isolated in their characters, and it is probably open to question whether each of them may not eventually be regarded as representing a distinct sub-tribe, but even so it seems to me that in a natural arrangement the sub-tribes containing Phenognatha and Pachytricha would stand before the Sericides in the Melolonthini, and that containing Mechidius certainly after the Sericoides. If the arrangement I thus suggest be followed it will have the effect of associating together in the Sericides species having remarkable sexual characters in the front tarsi (unless Phenognatha of which I know only one sex be an exception) and in the Sericoides species not exhibiting such sexual characters (or at least only in a slight degree and in occasional members of a genus) and also of making the Sericides of Australia consist entirely (unless Lpholcis Phenognatha and Pachytricha, which I have nct seen alive, be exceptions) of genuinely flower-frequenting day-fliers, and the Sericoides (so far as I know, and I have collected nearly all the genera) contain no genus at all with similar habits ; for although a few Heteronyces and Liparetri are sometimes to be met with ‘on flowers (as indeed what insect are not? I once found some flowers thickly studded with a Hydrophilid) certainly neither Liparetrus nor Heteronyx can be reckoned a flower-frequenting genus. Since the publication of Lacordaire’s volume dealing with the Lamellicornes numerous Australian genera have been added, and as their diagnoses are scattered over a wide field of literature it seems desirable before passing to the description of some new species that are before me to make some remarks on the aggre- gates to which those new species are referable. I will begin with the SERICIDES (sub-tribe). Excluding Mcchidius and including Pachytricha and Phenognatha (as proposed above), four genera known to Lacordaire would form the Australian contingent of this sub- tribe. To these five genera must now be added (including two new ones described below and one formerly described under a nom. proce). A. Head (at any rate of the male) armed with a horn ia nee ns .- Phenognatha. AA. Head unarmed. B. Each claw bidentate beneath ... ... Pachytricha. BB. Claws not bidentate beneath. 21 C. Hind coxz elongate. D. Hind tarsi with claws elongate slender and simple. E. Basal four joints of front tarsi of male together much longer than apical process of tibia. F. Intermediate claws similar to hind claws . ... Phyllotocus, FF. Intermediate claws short (in male thickened and with long appendages) . Phyllotocidium, gen. n. EE. Basal four joints of front tarsi to- gether shorter than apical process of tibia a ... Cheirrhamphica, gen. n. DD. Hind tarsi with short claws. E. These claws simple ... Neophyllotocus, gen. n. EE. These claws appendiculate ... Chetragra. CC. Hind coxe short and parallel. D. Eyes free or nearly so Diphucephala. DD. Front part of ae divided by a canthus - Epholcis. PHYLLOTOCUS. Many of the species of this genus are incapable of certain identification where comparison of types is not feasible. Unfor- tunately 30 names are attributed to it. In Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W., L., pp. 80 &e., the late Sir W. Macleay published a review of the then existing names and added nine more, but although he complained of the imperfection of Boisduval’s descriptions his own descriptions were of the same kind as Boisduval’s,—one of them consisting of eight words of Latin and 13 of English in which no definite character is mentioned apart from color, and the rest are not much better. I have had the advantage of examining some of Sir W. Macleay’s types and therefore am in a position to attempt a contribution towards the elucidation of the genus. In Trans. Ent. Soc., N.S.W., II., p. 187, Sir W. Macleay described two additional species, and in P.L.S., N.S.W., 1887, p. 225, another. Although most of Boisduval’s descriptions are in my opinion incapable of being definitely attributed to any particular species it seems to me desirable, as Sir W. Macleay has applied them to species in his collection, to accept his identifications and to let the insects in question bear Boisduval’s names. These names are preusta, rufipennis, australis, and mestus. The first of them (preusta) Sir W. Macleay regards (correctly I think) as a syno- nym of Macleayi, Fischer, which last is a species that can be confidently identified. Boisduval described another species (Lottinz) which he referred to Phyllotocus only with doubt and which Sir W. Macleay believed to be a Liparetrus ; it certainly may be disregarded. 22 Erichson described one species (P. bimaculatus) ; it is easily recognisable. Blanchard followed with three species (erythropterus, navicularis and wstulatus) ; all are easy to identify. Burmeister was the next describer, and he also added two names (discoidalis and pectoralis) the former of which he gives as Mr. W. 8. Macleay’s name (no doubt MS.) and states that it is identical with australis, Boisd. It seems to me decidedly that it is a variety of the species that Sir W. Macleay has called australis, Boisd., and that the insect which Sir W. Macleay sub- sequently named zridescens is the same thing. Pectoralis (as Sir W. Macleay points out) is not a Phyllotocus. In 1858 Bohemann described three species (marginicollis, oblongus and velutinus) which Sir W. Macleay says (I think correctly) are all founded on varieties of the species that he calls. meestus, Boisd. Then Sir W. Macleay follows-with his 12 names on which I make the following remarks. Assimilis is excessively close to Macleayi, Fisch. Its author states that the only good specific character to separate it by is a slight groove on its forehead. After examining a long series I have failed to find such a groove constantly present or absent in either species, and doubt whether the two are distinct. Kingi is undoubtedly a good and distinct species. I believe it to be the insect which Boisd. called rufipennis, but as Sir W. Macleay has attributed that name .to another insect I shall not disturb his nomenclature. Marginipennis has puzzled me considerably. Its author states. that it is abundant in the neighbourhood of Sydney ; yet I have seen nothing among the numerous Phyllotoci collected by me (or sent to me from) near Sydney which agrees with the description. Unfortunately I can find no reference to it in the notes I made when examining Sir W. Macleay’s types,—so I must pass it by with the remark that unless there is some clerical or printer’s error in the description it is probably a good species unknown to me. Iridescens (as noted above) I have little doubt is identical with awstralis, Boisd. Palliatus is decidedly a var. (not I think sexual, as Sir W. Macleay conjectures) of discoidalis. Marginatus its author conjectures to be the female of marginipennis. Judging by the description I have no doubt it is a form of that species, though I doubt the difference being sexual. Ruficollis I cannot identify confidently. The colours are differently described in the Latin diagnosis and the English 23 following it. It is possible that the species I call rzwficollis in the following tabulation may be wrongly identified. Scutellaris is a good species. Apicalis (from Northern Queensland) is a good species. Sericeus, its author states, resembles australis, Boisd.; but no difference from that species is pointed out, and the description applies perfectly to the species named australis in the Macleay collection. I have not seen the type of sericews, which is not in the Macleay Museum, but is doubtless in the “ Australian ” Museum. Varucollis I think I know; the type specimen is no doubt with that of sericews, and I have not seen it, but I have an ex- ample from the neighbourhood where variicollis was taken, which agrees well with the description. It seems to be a good species. Vittatus is an extremely isolated species from tropical Queens- land. The remaining three species (occidentalis, Meyricki, and dispar ) are of my own nomenclature. It will thus be seen that after all necessary weeding out eighteen species remain which may be regarded as at present forming the genus Phyllotocus. The following tabulation shows satisfactory structural characters for distinguishing most of the described species. There are however two (apicalis, Macl. and marginipennis, Macl.) which I am unable to place in the tabula- tion owing to the vagueness of their descriptions. A. Elytra glabrous (or nearly so) except along their lateral margins. B. Elytra nitid, not velvety, with interstices similar inter se and not (or scarcely) convex. C. Maxillary palpi elongate, their apical joint narrow and cylindric or nearly so. D. Front tibiz in both sexes externally tridentate (including the apical process). E. Prothorax rectangular at base ... Macleayi, Fisch. EE. Hind angles of prothorax strongly obtuse... bimaculatus, Er. DD. Front tibiz with only one tooth above the apical projection. E. Head testaceous ... 4 ... occidentalis, Blackb. EE. Head black ig te ... Meyricki, Blackb. CC. Maxillary palpi much shorter, their apical joint somewhat oval 2M ate BB. Elytra more or less opaque, often velvety, with convex unequal interstices. C. Hind femora black or nearly so. D. Prothorax strongly lobed in the middle of base... pi ase ... scutellaris, Macl. DD, Prothorax not (or scarcely) lobed in middle of base. E. Puncturation of prothorax faint and obscure (as usualin the genus) .. wustulatus, Blanch. meestus, Boisd. 24 EE. Puncturation of prothorax ‘iseitiiienl strong and well defined.. ... variicollis, Macl. CC. Hind femora testaceous vittatus, Macl. AA. Elytra clothed with erect hairs (at any rate along the base and suture). B. The hairs fringing the prothorax black or nearly so. C. Prothorax entirely black. D. Head very coarsely unevenly and by no means closely punctulate. E. Convexity of prothorax (viewed from side) even,—at any rate in the middle. F. Elytra entirely set with erect pilosity erythropterus, Blanch. FF. Disc of elytra glabrous rujfipennis, Boisd. EK. Prothorax strongly declivous hind- ward all across base . Kingt, Macl. DD. Head closely oy and somewhat finely punctulate .. navicularis, Blanch. CC. Prothorax red, or at any rate with its sides broadly red. D. Prothorax very strongly lobed hindward at middle of base ... rujicollis, Macl. DD. Prothorax not or but little ites at base australis, Boisd. BB. The prothorax fringed pire: with close- set white pilosity és dispar, Blackb. It seems desirable to say a word réiitding the sexual characters of Phyllotocus, which to some extent vary “with the species. In all of them the male has one of the claws of its front tarsi more or less (in some species very much more than in others) dilated. There is also a tendency towards darker coloring in the males than in the females of some species, and in several species the elytra of the female are much more hairy than those of the male. This latter character is very noticeable in P. australis, Boisd.; but is extremely developed in P. Kingi, Macl., the female of which has its elytra densely set with velvety pile while in the male the elytra are nearly glabrous on the disc. Sir W. Macleay is certainly justified, I think, in regarding Lacordaire as in error when he finds sexual characters in the antenne of Phyllotocus. I do not observe any sexual differences in the armature of the front tibie. PHYLLOTOCIDIUM (gen. nov. Sericidarum ). Mentum sat elongatum sat angustum; palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo obconico; palpi maxillares sat breves (fere ut Cheiragre), articulo apicali elongato-ovali quam ceteri conjuncti vix breviori; labrum breviter transversum (a Cheirrhamphice parum dissimile); oculi modici; antennz modice, 8-articulate, clava (maris quam feminz magis elongata) 3 -articulata; prothorax equalis; scutellum modicum ; elytra maris haud, femine vix manifeste, striata ; pedes robusti minus elongati; tibia antice extus (processu 25 apicali vix extus directo excepto) haud dentate ; unguiculi modice elongati (ab articulo 5° tarsorum longitudine haud multo dissimiles), simplices, maris anterioribus incrassatis et appendicibus 2 elongatis membranaceis instructis; coxe postice quam metasternum paullo breviores ; corpus supra sat glabrum, subtus pilosum. Type P. (Chetragra), Macleayi, Blackb. The tarsal character of this species (mentioned by me in describing it, P.L.S., N.S.W., 1891, p. 482) must, I am now con- vinced, be regarded as inconsistent with a place in the genus Chetragra ; its facies moreover is quite swi generis, the glabrous nitid upper surface being suggestive of certain Phyllotoci while its head is that of a Cheiragra; the structure of the legs (and especially the claws) is quite different from that of any other species known to me, while the coppery (or purplish) gloss of the upper surface distinguishes it among its allies. CHEIRRHAMPHICA (gen. nov. Sericidarum). Mentum sat elongatum sat angustum; palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo obconico; palpi maxillares modici (quam Phyllotoct Macleayi, Fischer, multo breviores), articulo ultimo subcylindrico ad apicem subacuminato ; labrum breve transversum a clypeo sutura vix manifesta divisum ; oculi modici, fere ut PAyllotoci ; antenne modice, 8-articulate, clava brevi 3-articulata; prothorax equalis; scutellum modicum ; elytra oblonga, parum manifeste striata ; pedes elongati fere ut Phyllotoci, sed maris tibiis anticis compresso- dilatatis et tarsis anticis brevibus (harum articulis basalibus 4 brevissimis, articulo apicali quam tibia antica vix breviori, unguiculo permagno deformi) ; coxe postice quam abdomen vix breviores ; corpus pubescens. Tt will be seen from the above diagnosis that this genus must be placed in Lacordaire’s “Groupe” Phyllotocides and that it differs from Phyllotocus notably in the front piece of the clypeus being very short, strongly transverse, and not separated from the preceding piece by a sharply defined suture, also by the very remarkable sexual characters in the front legs of the male, and the very different maxillary palpi. The hind coxe are very elongate, their hind edge being (on the lateral margin) scarcely farther from the apex of the abdomen than from the hind margin of the metasternum. C. pubescens, sp. nov. Sat ovalis; pube pallida sat elongata ad- pressa vestita ; subnitida; nigra, vix «nea, antennis palpis pedibusque brunneo-testaceis (nonnullorum exemplorum pro- thorace elytris abdomineque brunneo-testaceis, nonnullorum 26 femoribus posticis vel 4 posterioribus infuscatis); capite prothoraceque sparsim sat fortiter, elytris minus sparsim minus fortiter, pygidio leviter squamose, punctulatis ; pro- thorace transverso, antice leviter angustato minus emar- ginato, lateribus sat arcuatis, basi bisinuata, angulis posticis obtusis ; scutello modico ; elytris haud (vel vix manifeste) striatis ; tibiis anticis extus bidentatis. Long., 1?—24 1 ; lat. 4—14 1. In the male the basal four joints of the front tarsi are incras- sated and very short,—together scarcely reaching to the apex of the apical process of the tibia. The fifth joint is excessively dilated and as long (without including the claws) as the preceding joints together. One claw is as long as the fifth joint has a very large lamina like appendage at its base and is attached to the apex of the fifth joint in such fashion that it is directed back- wards almost parallel with the tarsus. The other claw is normal. The apex of the basal part of the fifth joint is thickly clothed with long hairs. W. Australia; taken by Mr. Lea at Swan River and Geraldton. C. interstitialis, sp. nov. Mas.—Ovalis; parum lata; pube brevi erecta pallide ferruginea vestita ; sat opaca ; nigra, antennis palpis pedibus anterioribus 4 tarsisque posticis plus minusve rufescentibus ; capite crebrius subtilius, prothorace sparsim sat grosse, elytris quam prothorax magis crebre vix minus grosse, pyg gidio minus perspicue, punctulatis ; prothorace vix transverso, antice sat fortiter angustato, lateribus modice arcuatis, basi vix bisinuata, angulis pos- ticis obtusis ; scutello modico ; elytris costis obsoletis angustis circiter 4 instructis ; tibiis anticis extus haud (processu eyes excepto) dentatis : ; _ tibiis posticis robustis. Long. 2415 Lat. 141. I see no reason to separate this species generically from the preceeding although as will be seen by comparing the descriptions the two are not much like each other superficially. The erect (not adpressed) hairs with which it is clothed, its clypeus more evenly rounded in front, its much less transverse prothorax its elytra with distinct traces of coste, its very stout hind tibie, the much more numerous setz at the apex of each tarsal joint, &c., contribute to make this species extremely distinct from the pre- ceding. Its facies, indeed, is very much that of a Cheiragra, but I do not see how it can justifiably be placed among species with short appendiculate claws while (as is the case) its claws are altogether as characterized in the diagnosis of Cheirrhamphica. Perhaps eventually it may be regarded as the type of a new 27 genus. The male characters of the front tarsi are quite as in C. pubescens except in the basal lamina of the large claw being scarcely developed. N. Queensland ; sent by Mr. French. NEOPHYLLOTOCUS (gen. nov. Sericidarwm). Type V. (Macrothops) rostrata, Macl. I propose this name as a substitute for Macrothops, Macl. nec Boisd., which is a nom. preocc., having been used by Boisduval for a genus already named Phyllotocus by Fischer de Waldh. Sir W. Macleay’s diagnosis is not very complete as it does not in- clude any reference to the claws, where the most obvious distinc- tive characters of the Phyllotocides are to be found. In the present genus the claws are extremely short (about half the length of the 5th tarsal joint), and are all simple in the female. In the male one of the claws on each of the 4 anterior tarsi is bifid. Sir W. Macleay described a second species of his genus Macrothops under the name pallidipennis which he stated was founded on specimens that had lost their “ palpi, tarsi &c.” It is therefore, impossible to say whether that species is rightly as- sociated with the present insect. CHEIRAGRA. Sir W. Macleay formed this genus for a number of species which he described so briefly that it is impossible to identify any of them (as species) with certainty except by comparison, which has not been practicable for me. I have before me a considerable number of specimens evidently attributable to the genus. Sir W. Macleay in his diagnosis of the genus omitted to mention that the claws are appendicuiate and furnished at their base with large membranous processes, which I take to be the most reliable generic character. In the male the front tarsi have one claw similar to those of the female while the other claw is enormously developed and turned back against the surface of the tarsus. With the exception of two examples (from a far Northern locality, unfortunately both females and therefore undesirable for description) I cannot satisfy myself that the specimens of this genus before me represent more than one species. They are from various localities in Victoria and N.S. Wales and differ to a remarkable extent in coloring, so that it is hard to find two quite alike. This species does not appear to be Phyllotocus pusillus, Blanch, (which Sir William seems to regard as the type of Cheiragra) as its prothorax is not black in any variety that [have seen and certainly could not be described as ‘‘haud punctatus.” 28 I suspect it is C. ruficollis, Macl., but unfortunately there is a discrepancy between the 12 words of Latin and the 33 of English of which the description consists, as the Latin makes the elytra testaceous and the English implies that. they are black (at least in the male). However, the specimens before me include elytra entirely black, entirely testaceous, and black with various testace- ous blotches. There are no differences among Sir W. Macleay’s descriptions of C. ruficollis, pallida, lurida, and atra except in respect of color and slight distinctions in size. C. pygmea is probably a distinct species which I have not seen, and aphodioides may be distinct, as Sir W. Macleay says that the front tibize of the male are more slender than in its allies. EPHOLCIS. This genus bearing much superficial resemblance to Mechidius has entirely the Sericid relation between clypeus and labrum. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse in founding it expressed the opinion that it is intermediate between Diphucephala and Mechidius. Its coloring and the character of its sculpture as well as the presence of appen- dages at the base of the claws are certainly suggestive of thelatter, though it is to be noted that the claw appendages are not really characteristic of Mechidius, being absent in many species, and an analogous structure being found in an isolated species (Nosphisthis) described below. But the structure of the head is totally different from that of Mechidius and if it were to be regarded as allied to that genus rather than Diphucephala it would upset the validity of Sericides and Sericoides as distinct sub-tribes. I have little doubt that it is a flower-frequenting genus. Mechidius Albertist and bilobiceps of Fairemaire are evidently referable to Epholcis. I suspect that the former is identical with £. divergens, Waterh., in which case its name must sink as a synonyn. I refer provisionally to this genus Mechidius gracilis, Waterh. which its author says is “very unlike all the others in that genus.” It appears to me impossible to consider it a Mechidius or even closely allied thereto, inasmuch as its prosternal sutures are not open to receive its antenne and its mouth structure is of the Sericid type, the front of its labium being almost in contact with the apex of the clypeus without the intervention of a visible labrum. Its facies is undoubtedly highly suggestive of Mechidius and very different from that of Epholcis, but never- the-less I can find no character to separate it from the latter genus which is not evidently merely specific in other genera, e.g. Diphucephala and Mechidius. The following is a new species allied to £. (Mechidius) gracilis. 29 E. longior, sp. nov. Sat elongata; sat opaca ; picea, antennis palpis pedibus et corpore subtus rufescentibus ; setulis brevibus gracilibus adpressis, et pilis erectis elongatis sparsis, testaceis vestita; capite antice truncato elevato-reflexo, lateribus sinuatis ; prothorace sat transverso, antice fortiter angustato crebre rugulose sat grosse punctulato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, angulis anticis sub-acutis minus promi- nulis posticis rotundato-obtusis, basi rotundata; elytris obscure seriatim punctulatis, lineis 3 obscurioribus vix ele- vatis instructis; tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis, a 3° sat remotis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basaliquam 2° multo longiori; ungui- culis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis armatis. Long. 341.; Lat. 141. Larger and more elongate than /. gracilis, Waterh., with the prothorax much mor? coarsely punctulate ; the clypeus consider- ably more refiexed in front (causing the labium to appear less nearly in contact with the edge of the clypeus when the head is looked at from beneath), and with its sides more sinuate. N. Queensland ; sent by Mr. Cowley. SERICOIDES (Sub-tribe). This sub-tribe is by far the most numerously represented among the Australian Melolonthini, and moreover presents extra- ordinary difficulties in classification, owing to the presence of the most remarkable structural differences between insects that apart from those differences are not even very notably distinct from each other as species. These differences are found in the number of joints in the antenne, the structure of the antennal club, the form of the labrum and the hind coxa, and even, to some extent, the structure of the claws. To regard such differences as generic (which one would do unhesitatingly in the case of almost any other Coleoptera) would require an enormous multiplication of the genera known at present and would split up numerous genera. that are among the most natural aggregates in the whole coleo- pterous series. For example, to regard those differences as generic would involve the formation of at least nine new genera out of Heteronyx, than which in a natural arrangement a more homo- geneous aggregate could hardly be found, and changes almost as. sweeping would be required in nearly all the other large genera. However at present the sub-tribe is in a state of extreme con- fusion. Numerous genera have been formed since the publication of Lacordaire’s work, but their diagnoses are scattered over a wide field of literature and so far as I know have not been systematically classified. The result of this is that anyone hav- ing new species to describe is faced with the greatest difficulty in 30 ascertaining the genus to which (at Jeast some of them, in all probability) should be referred. I propose therefore, before pro- ceeding to describe various new species before me, to review the Sericoid genera and endeavour to set forth their characters in a tabulated form. JI shall not, however, attempt the ambitious task of placing the genera in anything like a permanently satis- factory condition, as in my opinion that would be at present impossible, and moreover would require very extensive alterations that should be made by someone who has a wider knowledge than I possess of the Sericoides of other parts of the world. I may say, in passing, that I believe the character which should have the greatest weight in the classification of the Sericoid species into genera to be the nature of the sexual distinctions. There are far too many species of which the sexual characters are at least uncertain to allow of this system being carried out to-day, but I am convinced that in it will be found the key to the essential distinctions among the Sericoid genera. What I shall attempt will be simply to determine which of the existing generic names can be retained as founded on characters that are (at any rate among other characters) valid, and show the relation of them to each other,—making as few additions as possible, and not attempting to split them up even in cases where T have little doubt that a fuller knowledge of the sexes will eventually require that they be split up. It is necessary however to add a few new genera. Tt will be observed that in the following classification of genera considerable weight is conceded to characters seeming very slight in comparison of others which are treated as of little value though apparently more important ; as where the nature of the elytral striation is made generic and the number of antennal joints specific. On this I have to remark that in what I believe will be the really scientific classification characters founded on the nature of the sexual distinctions will take the place of the apparently unimportant characters now employed and also that, however superficial some of these make-shift characters may appear, long and careful observation of a very extensive series of species from many collections has convinced me that they accompany real generic difference and that there is no fear of future observations requiring the genera thus slightly characterized to be suppressed, but that the effect of future observations will be only to show the necessity of further sub-division of the genera now distin- guished by apparently slight characters. The following may be noted in respect of the result of my observations regarding the Australian Sericoides, 1. The nature of the armature of the claws where the claws are not simple cannot be relied upon as generic, but the difference between claws 31 that are either bifid or appendiculate and those that are simple (disregarding membranous basal appendages) is strictly generic. 2. The number of antennal joints and the number of joints forming the antennal club are not generic (although the difference between the number of joints in the club where it is sexual probably zs generic). 3. Characters founded upon the granula- tion of the eyes are strictly generic. 4. The difference between simple and geminate striation of the elytra is nearly always combined with reliable generic differences. 5. Marked differences in the form of the clypeus (at least in many cases) are much more generic than differences in the form of the labrum. 6. Differences in the hind tibie are generic. From these general observations I now pass to some remarks on the generic names that at present stand attributable to the Australian Sericoides. These are, I believe, 34 in number {excluding “ Melolontha” which seems to have been applied loosely by some of the earlier authors to species of this subtribe). Of these Cotrdia and Colobostoma are mere names given (without mention of characters) by Boisduval to species that cannot be identified. It is not unlikely that Colobostoma was founded on the insect since named Platydesmus sulcipennis by Sir W. Macleay, but the evidence is not strong enough to upset the later name. I Lave already discussed this point in Proc. Linn. Soce., N.S. W., 1890, p. 517 (note). Haplonycha=Colpochila. Stlopa and Hostilina = Heteronyx. Philochlenia and Omaloplia = Caulobius. Of the names sunk as synonyms in the above statement I regard it as possible that two (Haplonycha and Philochlenia) may have to be restored as repre- senting valid genera when the sexual characters of Colpochila and Caulobius are known in a long range of species, but I do not find any other generic character that seems sufficient to confirm them. After the above eliminations there remain 28 genera, to the validity of which I am not able to bring any definite objection, but of them there are four that I have not been able to identify among the large collections of Melolonthini that I have examined. On each of these a few remarks seem called for. 1, Automolus. This genus was formed by Burmeister for a small Tasmanian species, to which Erichson seems to have attached the MS. name Liparetrus angustulus. Burmeister says that its antenne are nine-jointed. Assuming the correctness of that statement I should say that the genus is a good one and that I have not seen it. If it could be that Burmeister had counted the joints incorrectly and that they are really eight (it is easy to go wrong about the minute antennal joints of a small Liparetrws) I should suspect that the species is one of those which Sir W. 32 Macleay calls ‘Section II” of Liparetrus, and in that case | am not at all sure that it would not be justifiable to retain the name Automolus and regard Macleay’s ‘‘ Section II” as forming a dis- tinct genus. But in this uncertainty I must pass the genus by with the remark that it is certainly very closely allied to Lnparetrus. 2. Microthopus. This is another genus (from W. Australia) which Burmeister characterises as closely allied to Ziparetrus. If its author is right in saying that it is founded on a male example it is unknown to me. If he was mistaken about its sex I should regard it as possibly identical with my genus Macleayia (in which case my name would lapse). Here again I must pass the genus by as uncertain. 3. Homolotropus. This genus was founded by Sir W. Macleay (Tr. Ent. Soc., N.S.W., IT., p. 193) on an insect that I am unable to identify. Apart from the antennz I find no character in the diagnosis that seems realiy generic, and the antennal characters alone do not appear to me conclusive. Nevertheless, from the description of the species, I take it that the genus is likely to be a good one, but there is no character mentioned by the author that enables me to place it in a tabulation. Moreover as Sir W. Macleay asserts that the position of Homolotropus is near Xylonychus (which Lacordaire places among the true M/2/olonthides, where I think it is certainly more at home than in the Sericordes) it is quite possibly not a member of the sericord group. 4, Odontonyx. Another of Sir W. Macleay’s genera concern- ing which I cannot speak positively. The diagnosis would fit Eurychelus but in the description of the species the author states that there “seems to be” a kind of membranous appendage beneath the last joint of the tarsi, and this remark I am afraid compels me to pass the genus by, with the observation that it is probably near Lurychelus. To the above I have to add nine new genera bringing up the total number to 33. A. Prosternal sutures normal. B. The claws simple (disregarding membranous appendages). C. Winged species. D. Femora glabrous and very slender and elon- gate se oe A! & ..° Telura. DD. Femora shorter and stouter and more or less pilose. : E. Elytra very short exposing much of the propygidium (all small species). F. Clypeus margined in front. G. Antennal club 3-jointed in both sexes .. Lnparetrus. GG. Antennal club 5-jointed in the male .. Macleayia. FF. Clypeus not margined in front... ... Comophorus. EE. Elytra of normal length (except in a very few large species). 9° vv F. Eyes large (projecting laterally at least as far as clypeus), nitid, and scarcely (or very finely) granulate. G. Front tibiz not as in GG. H. Antennal club not setose on the faces of the joints in either sex. I. Tarsal joints not bearing tufts of long soft hairs. J. Labrum distinct (at least by a suture) from vertical front face of clypeus. K. Free outline of clypeus an even curve (or nearly so) L. Base of prothorax margined. M. Elytra geminate-striate. N. Hind tibiz short, their inner outline not nearly straight. QO. Apical joint of labial palpi conic, not much longer than penultimate ... Aneucomides. OO. Apical joint of labial palpi longer and more cylindric. P. Labrum (viewed from above) trun- cate or emarginate in front. Q. Canthus cutting into front of eye well defined... < ..» Colpochila. QQ. Front of eye entire (or all but entire) ae fe ... Petinopus. PP. Labrum strongly projecting, re- flexed and angular at apex... Glossocheilifer. NN. Hind tibiz more elongate, their inner margin straight. O. Antennal club differing sexually (always longer than apical joint of maxillary palpi) <= .. Scitala. OO. Antennal club ia both sexes not or scarcely longer than apical joint of maxillary palpi... ... Anodontonyx. MM. Elytra not geminate-striate. N. A membranous appendage at the base of eachclaw ... ha ... Nosphisthis. NN. No membranous appendage at base of claws. O. Eyes widely separated. P: Spurs of hind tibiz normal. Q. Apical joint of labial palpielongate and cylindric... fe ..- Frenchella. QQ. Apical joint of labial palpi short and more or less conic ... Platydesmus. PP. Hind tibize without spurs distinct from the fringing cilia ... Anacanthopus. OO. Eyes very large, subapproximate above and beneath the head... Engyops. LL. Base of prothorax not margined. M. Transverse carina of hind tibixs want- ing (as in Scitala). N. Sterna clothed with long pilosity ... Colpochilodes. NN. Sterna almost glabrous ... Sericesthis. MM. Transverse carina of hind tibize well defined (as in Colpochila) eve * LVESO, 34 K.K. Front of clypeus with sharp lateral angles, its sides straight... ... Sciton K.K.K. Front of clypeus emarginate ..« Byrrhomorpha. J.J. Labrum entirely confused with vertical front face of clypeus Dysphanocheila. I.I. Tarsal joints each with an isolated tuft of long soft hairs beneath Ocnodus H.H. The faces of the joints of the antennal elub clothed with erect setz . Diphyllocera. G G. Front tibie excessively dilated and sinuous (not dentate) externally Pachygastra, F.F. Eyes smaller, and more distinctly granulate ; : surpassed by clypeus. G. Front tibiz not having a tooth close to the base externally be Haplopsis. G.G. Front tibiz with a minute tooth close to the base externally oe . Caulobius. C.C. Apterous species... ‘ ua ... Callabonica. B.B. Claws bifid or appendiculate. C. Apterous species aes i wit ... Pseudoheteronyx. C.C. Winged species. D. Antennz with more than 7 joints. E. Tarsi of male normal. F. Form strongly depressed ... a. ie Be F.F. Form notably more convex Heteronyzx. E.E. Anterior four tarsi of male strongly dilated. -Veoheteronyx. D.D. Antenne with only 7 joints ae A.A. Prosternal sutures open to receive the antennz ... Mechidius. ANEUCOMIDES (gen. nov. Sericovdarum ). Mentum antice emarginatum; palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo breviter conico quam precedens parum longiori ; palpi maxillares sat elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens sat longiori ; labrum modice exstans, antice late rotundatum (superne visum); oculi sat magni nitidi vix manifeste granu- lati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antennze (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 4-aPticnints (hac maris quam articuli precedentes conjuncti parum breviori, femine haud observatz); prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata ; tibiz antice extus 3-dentate, posticis perbrevibus ad apicem valde dilatatis; unguiculi simplices; sterna femoraque pilosa. The species for which I propose this new generic name is an extremely puzzling one. Its facies is strongly suggestive of a small Dynastid of the Oryctomorphid group, but its abdominal stigmata are decidedly those of a Melolonthid, its antennal struc- ° ture moreover being quite inconsistent with the idea of a Dynastid. It is a short robust insect with hind femora and tibiz very short and incrassate, and bears no resemblance in facies to any other Melolonthid known to me. Nevertheless, I have failed to discover any structural character that I can rely upon to dis- 5 JD tinguish it from Colpochila except the conic form and unusual brevity of the apical joint of the labial palpi and the somewhat peculiar labrum (slightly approaching that of Glossocheilifer ), which viewed from above appears as a lamina projecting to a moderate degree from the lower part of the vertical front face of the clypeus, and having its free outline broadly rounded. In the unique male before me the abdomen is remarkably short but this may possibly be the result of distortion merely, and I also observe that the bristles forming the apical fringe of the hind tibie are unusually short and thick. A. coloratus, sp. nov. Brevis, sat latus; sat nitidus ; supra sat glaber sed prothorace pilis fimbriato, subtus in sternis femoribusque pilosus; rufus, elytris nigro-piceis; clypeo subtilius crebrius, capite postice magis fortiter, prothorace ut. clypeus sed minus crebre, elytris crebrius fortiter, pygidio subtiliter sparsim, punctulatis ; clypeo antice rotundato sat fortiter reflexo; prothorace postice marginato, fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, angulis anticis acutis minus prominulis posticis (superne visis) fere rectis, basi utrinque vix sinuata ; elytris parum distincte striatis (striis geminatis), interstitiis planis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2"* vix breviori. Long.,51.; lat., 24 1. This small species is notable for its coloring, the whole insect being of a somewhat full red color except the elytra which are black (or nearly so), with a little tendency to rufescence about the shoulders. S.W. Australia ; Eyre’s Sand Patch. COLPOCHILA. C. Roei, Burm., is certainly, I think, identical with C, crassiventris, Blanch. The latter is the older name. PETINOPUS (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum antice profunde triangulariter emarginatum ; palpi labiales modici, articulo ultimo gracili cylindrico; palpi maxillares sat elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens multo longiori ; labrum a clypei parte antica verticali bene discretum sed vix prominulum (fere ut Scitale) ; oculi magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice fere integri ; antennze (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata quam pal- porum maxillarium articulus ultimus parum longiori (maris quam feming haud longiori) ; prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata; tibie antice extus 3-dentate, posticis modicis latis intus sat fortiter arcuatis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterha parce pilosa; tarsi posteriores 4 maris subtus longe dense pilosi. 36 The species for which I propose this new generic name has the appearance of a Colpochila,—though very much smaller than any Colpochila known to me,—but is at once distinguishable from the species of allied genera by the sides of its clypeus not cutting into the eye. I find however a faintly marked smooth but scarcely elevated line on the eye occupying the position that in allied genera is occupied by the canthus-like prolongation of the clypeus. Another notable character consists in the long closely placed pilosity on the underside of the hind and intermediate tarsi in the male which gives those organs an appearance from a. certain point of view suggestive of a feather. In the female the hind tarsi are glabrous except at the apex of each joint. The mentum, moreover, is remarkable on account of the very deep triangular excision (reaching nearly half-way to the base) of its apical margin. P. egrotus, sp. nov. Sat brevis; sat latus; sat nitidus; supra fere glaber ; brunneo-testaceus ; clypeo minus crebre, capite postice crebre subaspere, prothorace vix crebre minus for- titer, scutello fere ut prothorax, elytris fortius subcrebre, pygidio fere ut prothorax, punctulatis ; clypeo antice rotun- dato reflexo; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, antice minus angustato, angulis anticis sat acutis parum productis posticis rotundato-obtusis ; scutello magno triangulari; ely- tris leviter geminato-striatis, interstitiis nonnullis angustis subconvexis ; tarsorum posticorum articulis 1—4 inter se longitudine subeequalibus. lLong., 441.; lat., 251 N. Territory of S. Australia; in my collection, also in 8.A. Museum. GLOSSOCHEILIFER (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum antice latum fortiter emarginatum ; palpi fere ut Diphyllocere (labialibus modicis articulo ultimo sat elon- gato apicem versus angustato, maxillaribus sat elongatis articulo ultimo quam precedens sat longiori) ; labrum for- titer productum, ad apicem angustatum et reflexum ; oculi sat magni, sat nitidi, fere leves, antice a cantho profunde incisi ; antenne (speciei typicz) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata hac maris articulis antennarum 2-6 conjunctis equilonga, feminz sat breviori; prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata; tibiz antic extus 3-dentatz, posticis minus elongatis (parte apicali sat fortiter dilatata); unguiculi simplices ; sterna pilis elongatis dense vestita; tarsis maris quam femine multo longioribus robustioribus. This genus differs from all its allies in the remarkable form of its labrum, which is very large and projects forward from the lower extremity of the front (subvertical) face of the clypeus, 37 ‘bending obliquely upward, and viewed from above looks like a protruding tongue. G. labialis, sp, nov. Elongato-ovatus; nitidus; supra fere glaber, subtus in sternis femoribusque pilosus ; piceo-niger, antennis palpisque rufis, pedibus (presertim coxis anticis) plus minusve rufescentibus ; clypeo minus crebre, capite postice confertim (hoc exemplorum visorum in medio fovea Jeviter impresso), prothorace sparsim (ad latera magis crebre), elytris sat sparsim, parum fortiter punctulatis ; pygidio in medio sublevi, ad latera sparsius subtiliter punctulato ; clypeo antice rotundato sat retlexo ; prothorace postice marginato, sat transverso, lateribus sat fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis minus productis posticis rotundato-obtusis, basi utrinque sinuata; elytris in disco distincte striatis (sed striis minus perspicue geminatis), latera versus minus distincte striatis (sed striis perspicue geminatis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2™ sat breviori. Long. 6$—7l. ; lat. 341. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. Lea at Mt. Barker. SCITALA. In Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., 1890, pp. 539-545, I wrote at some length on the claims of this name to retention,—it having been substituted by Burmeister and Lacordaire for Sericesthis. I need not now repeat the arguments I then employed, but merely observe that I contended for the claims of Sericesthis to be re- tained in preference to Scitala. In doing so I followed the dis- tinguished authors quoted above in the assumption that the type of Sericesthis is congeneric with the type of Scitala. Lately however I have seen reason to consider that assumption unwar- ranted. I take it that the type of Sericesthis is the species for which Boisduval first used the name,—viz. S. geminata,—and that is undoubtedly a later name for Melolontha pruinosa, Dalm. Now the type of Erichson’s genus Scitala is S. sericans, Er., a species which I am not sure that I know, but I have before me numerous species undoubtedly congeneric with it (judging by the generic diagnosis), and there appear to me sufficient reasons for the conclusion that they are not congeneric with Sericesthis geminata, Boisd. Erichson states that in Scitala the apical joint of the labial palpi is obconic and incrassate (as it is in the numerous species referred to above) and he so figures it. But in S. geminata, Boisd., it is elongate, cylindric, and very slender. The shape of that joint is a very important character which that eminent specialist Dr. Sharp relies upon as a leading distinction of his genus Anodontonyx. I find, moreover, that all the species known to me congeneric with §S. sericans have the base of the 38 prothorax margined while in Sericesthis geminata, Boisd., the prothorax has no basal margin. On these grounds I have con- cluded that Scitala and Sericesthis are both valid genera, and I know of no other species than geminata, Boisd. (=pruinosa, Dalm.) that can be attributed to the latter. Dr. Sharp’s genus Anodontonyzx has the labial palpi of Scitala as figured and described by Erickson [a fact which Dr. Sharp seems to have overlooked,—probably taking S. prusnosa on Lacordaire’s authority as the species of (so-called) Scitala with which he compared his Anodontonyx,—though he probably has seen also some true Scitala for he says that the apical joint of the labial palpi in Scztala is “ generally” slender]. Anodontonyx however is perfectly distinct from both Sericesthis and Scitala by another character (mentioned by Dr. Sharp) viz. that the antennal club is short. This is more fully expressed by saying that in Anodontonyx the antennal club is alike in the sexes while in Scztala it is much longer in the male than in the female and in both sexes is considerably longer than that of Anodontonyz. Boisduval and Erichson appear to have included species of other genera in their Sericesthis and Scitala respectively (a matter with which I hope to deal in the next part of this series of papers) but that does not appear to touch the validity of the genera inasmuch as their characters should rest in the one case on the characters of the species to which the name was first applied (without a diagnosis) and in the other case on the diagnosis. The seven species described by me in my paper referred to above under the name Servcesthis (on the assumption that Sericesthis and Scitala are identical) I must now transfer to Scitala (regarding that genus as distinct from Sericesthis ). NosPHISTHIS (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum antice vix perspicue emarginatum ; palpi labiales sat breves, articulo ultimo subconico; palpi maxillares parum elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens vix longiori ; labrum sat prominulum, antice (superne visum) emarginato- truncatum ; oculi sat magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (speciei typicz) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata, quam palporum maxillarium articulus ultimus haud longiori; prothorax transversus ;. elytra striata (haud geminatim); tibie antice extus 3- dentate, posticis sat brevibus ad apicem dilatatis intus arcuatis ; unguiculi parvi simplices, sed ad basin lamella membranacea instructi; sterna pilis longis minus dense. vestita. 39 if, This genus has the facies of Frenchella, from which it is readily distinguished by the membranous Jamella at the base of each claw, as well as by the form of the apical joint of the labial palpi and of the antennal club. I suspect the type is a female, but I have no doubt the male scarcely differs in external structure; I do not recollect an instance of an Australian Melolonthid having an extremely abbreviated antennal club in the female and a longer one in the male. I judge the type to be a female only because its tarsi are short and slender. The sexual distinctions in the genera to which this is related are very slight, usually almost confined to the length of the tarsi where the antennal club is not in both sexes notably longer than it is in the insect before me. NV. parvicornis, sp. nov. Fem.? Sat nitida; rufo-ferruginea ; pilis elongatis fimbriata ; corpore subtus pygidioque pilosa ; capite confertim rugulose punctulato, clypeo late truncato- rotundato, antice fortiter reflexo; antennis 9-articulatis, clava perbrevi quadrata 3-articulata; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, sparsius (quam caput multo minus crebre) punctulato, lateribus sat squaliter arcuatis, angulis anticis vix acutis posticis obtusis, basi minus fortiter bisinuata; scutello punctulato; elytris sat fortiter sat sequaliter striatis, interstitiis fortius vix crebre punctulatis; pygidio subopaco, creberrime subtilissime ruguioso-punctulato ; tarsis brevibus ; articulo apicali inter unguiculorum baseos lamina instructo; unguiculis brevibus fortiter curvatis. Long., 6}.1. lat. 34]. N.S. Wales ; taken by Mr. Lea at Forest Reefs. FRENCHELLA. In addition to the species of Blanchard and Burmeister already mentioned by me (Pr. Linn Soc, N.S.W., 1892, p. 104) as probably needing to be transferred from Haplonycha to Frenchella, I find that H. zridescens, Blanch., is almost certainly a Frenchella ; I have examples before me which seem to be clearly that species The following are new ones. F. hispida, sp. nov. Sat nitida ; ferruginea, prothorace prope marginem lateralem medium macula obscura notato; supra pilis elongatis fimbriata et in capite elytris pygidioque pilis longis erectis sparsim vestita ; subtus sat pilosa; capite crebre fortiter rugulose punctulato, clypeo antice rotundato modice (minus quam /. lubrici, Black.) reflexo; antennis 8-articulatis, clava sat elongata 3-articulata ; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, quam caput multo minus crebre punctulato, lateribus superne visis a yO ae basi ad medium fere parallelis hinc antrorsum subsinuatim convergentibus (a latere visis, paullo pone medium rotundato dilatatis), angulis anticis acutis posticis acutis nonnihil dentiformibus, basi bisinuata ; scutello punctulato; elytris sat equaliter striatis, interstitiis subconvexis sat fortiter punctulatis ; pygidio fere ut elytra punctulata et pilosa. Maris antennarum clava quam articuli ceteri conjuncti haud breviori ; feminz paullo breviori. Long. 6—641,; lat. 3 —3# i. For remarks on this species see the following (/. approximans). Victoria and N.S. Wales. Bilt ee enon, sp. nov. Sat nitida ; fusca, antennis palpisque dilutioribus, nonnullorum exemplorum elytris et corpore subtus plus minusve rufescentibus; ut /. hispida pilosa ; capite antennisque ut /. hispide ; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato (nonnullorum exem- plorum obsolete canaliculato), quam caput vix minus crebre punctulato, lateribus superne visis fere ut /. hispide sed a latere visis multo minus fortiter (et vix pone medium) rotundato-dilatatis ; cetera ut /. hispide. Long. 6—7 1. ; lat. 24—4 1, This species is readily distinguishable from nearly all the other described Australian Sericoid Lamellicornes with simple claws by the long slender erect hairs that are thinly placed in longitudinal rows on its elytra. It is, however, extremely close to F hispida from which it differs by its darker color, the considerably closer puncturation of its prothorax and the different lateral outline of its prothorax. If this be looked at from the side it is seen in F. hispida to form a strong curve the extreme convexity (that is, the point where the prothorax is at its greatest width) of which is markedly behind the middle, whereas in the present species it is only very feebly curved outward, and the extreme convexity of the curve is scarcely behind the middle of the length of the lateral margin. Owing to the declivity of the sides of the prothorax this difference is scarcely noticeable when the prothorax is looked at from above. N.S.W.; Sydney and northern districts. F. hirticollis, sp. nov. Sat nitida ; fusca, plus minusve rufescens ; fere ut F. hispida pilosa sed pilis erectis in prothorace ut in elytris vestita ; capite ut /’. hispide ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata 3-articulata ; prothorace sat fortiter trans- verso, antice angustato, dupliciter punctulato (puncturis majoribus solis setiferis), lateribus superne visis modice arcuatis (latitudine majori pone medium posita) basin versus sinuatis (a latere visis fere ut J’. hispida sed etiam magis fortiter rotundato-dilatatis) ; cetera ut FM hispide. 4] Maris antennarum clava quam articuli ceteri conjuncti haud breviori; femine paullo breviori. Long., 7— 7} 1.; lat., 34—3¢# 1. Allied to the preceding two, but easily distinguishable by the following characters :—The antenne nine-jointed, the prothorax (as well as the elytra) clothed with long erect pilosity, the pro- thoracic puncturation consisting of two kinds of punctures inter- mingled (one kind manifestly smaller than the punctures on the prothorax of hispida and non-setiferous, the other kind much larger and setiferous), the sides of the prothorax very manifestly sinuate behind the middle (viewed from above) and evidently more abruptly—aindeed almost sub-angularly—dilated behind the middle, and more abruptly declivous (viewed from the side). N.S.W. ; all the specimens I have seen are, I believe, from the Sydney district. F. aspericollis, sp. nov. Mas. Sat nitida; fusco-rufescens ; pilis elongatis fimbriata, capite pygidioque pilis erectis vestitis, corpore subtus piloso; capite antennisque ut F& hispide ; prothorace fere ut & hispide sed creberrime aspere punctu- lato ; elytris magissubtiliter punctulato; pygidio (exempli typici) longitudinaliter fortiter carinato; cetera ut JF. hispide. Fem. latet. Long., 54 1. ; lat., 31. Near /. hispida but with elytra devoid of erect setz (I do not think this is due to abrasion). Very distinct also by the extremely close asperate puncturation of the prothorax and the very evidently finer puncturation of the elytral interstices, as well as by the strongly carinate pygidium,—though I do not find the carination of the pygidium a reliably constant character in all the Australian Lamellicornes. N.S. Wales ; Armidale ; given to me, I believe, by the late Mr. Olliff. LF’. sparsiceps, sp. nov. Mas. Sat nitida; rufescens ; pilis elon- gatis fimbriata, corpore subtus piloso ; capite postice minus fortiter minus crebre haud rugulose (parte media fere levi), clypeo (hoc minus brevi antice rotundato) magis crebre magis equaliter, punctulatis; antennis 9-articulatis, clava quam articuli ceteri conjuncti sat longiori ; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, sparsius (quam /. hispide sat minus crebre) punctulato, cetera ut F. hispide ; scutello sat levi; elytris fere ut /. hispide sed interstitiis multo minus grosse punctulatis. Fem. latet. Long., 61.; lat. 33 1. I have seen two males of this species—both in inferior condi- tion and both taken by Mr. Lea near Sydney. The species is at 42 once distinguishable from all the preceding by its much more sparsely and smoothly punctured head. In both the examples before me there are two large faintly marked impressions between the eyes, but this is probably not a constant character. J. sparsiceps is also distinguishable from all the preceding except hartcollis by its nine-jointed antenne, and from that species by its considerably longer antennal club and the absence of erect pilosity on the upper surface. N.S. Wales. ANACANTHOPUS (gen. nov. Sericoidarum ). Mentum subangustum ; palpi labiales sat breves, articulo ultimo: minus elongato subovali; palpi maxillares elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens duplo longiori; labrum parvum sed distinctum, parum exstans, antice (superne visum) emar- ginatum ; oculi modici sat nitidi, subtiliter granulati, antice a cantho incisi; antennee (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata [hac maris (7) quam articuli 2—6 conjuncti vix longiori|]; prothorax transversus; elytra striata (haud geminatim); cox postice quam metasternum parum breviores ; tibize antice extus bidentatz, posticis brevibus ad apicem valde dilatatis spinoso-ciliatis (sed haud calcaribus a ciliis distinctis armatis) certo adspectu bilobis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna breviter sparsim pilosa. A very remarkable genus which I refer with much hesitation to the Sericoides. The species described below has the facies of a Dynastid, and I have not a specimen which I can afford to damage to the extent that would be necessary to examine its abdominal stigmata, but its nine-jointed antenne justify me I think in excluding it from the Dynastides. Assuming it to be a Melolonthid there is nowhere to place it but in the Sericoides from which I can find no structural character to separate it. But wherever it be placed the remarkable structure of its hind tibiz should make it easy to recognise. These are extremely dilated at the apex where they bear a continuous fringe of strong stout spines but nothing that can be distinguished from the rest of these spines as being “ apical spurs.” It is to be noted that its eyes are smaller and more distinctly granulated than in most of the genera allied to Colpochila and Sericesthis, and thus ap- proximate to the Caulobius type, but as they project laterally as far as the clypeus I think the genus should be grouped with the former two rather than the last-named. The evident resemblance on facies to the next genus (Hngyops) which is certainly a Sericoid tends to contirm this in the place I have given it. I am uncertain of the sex of the specimen before me but I do not think that important since (from the analogy of allied genera) it is 43 unlikely that if it be a female the male differs materially except in probably having a longer antennal club. I have not been able to make a proper examination of the front margin of the mentum (which is rugulose and clothed with extremely long sete, and therefore difficult to study without dissection). A. inermis, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; minus convexus; sat nitidus ; supra sat glaber ; supra piceo-niger, corpore subtus antennis palpis pedibusque rufescentibus ; capite cum clypeo crebre grosse, prothorace sparsim minus fortiter, pygidio sat grosse, punctulatis; prothorace leviter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, basi utrinque subsinuata, angulis anticis acutis vix prominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis; elytris substriatis, striis sat fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis subtilius seriatim punctulatis sat planis ; tarsorum posticorum gracilium articulo basali quam 2° sublongiori. Long., 34 1.; lat., 14 1. Tropical Queensland. ENGYOPS (gen. nov. Sericoidarum). Mentum sat angustum ; palpi labiales sat breves, articulo ultimo minus elongato, subdilatato, ad apicem acuminato; palpi maxillares elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens duplo longiori ; labrum modicum, bene exstans, antice (superne visum) emarginato-truncatum ; oculi permagni inter se sub- approximati, sat nitidi, subtiliter granulati, antice a cantho incisi ; antennze (speciei typice) 9-articulatz, clava3-articulata (hac maris quam articuli 2-6 conjuncti paullo longiori) ; pro- thorax transversus ; elytra striata (haud geminatim) ; coxe postice minus elongate ; tibiz anticz extus 3-dentate, posticis sat brevibus ad apicem modice dilatatis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna sparsim pilosa. The species for which I propose the above yeneric name must certainly I think stand near the preceding one (Anacanthopus inermis) on account of the close resemblance between them in respect of the oral organs (the narrow rough mentum clothed with very long sparse sete, the very long apical joint of the _ maxillary palpi, &c.), and a decided agreement in facies. The present insect however has a less marked resemblance to a Dynastid and differs from the preceding in several important structural characters. It is distinguished from all the other Aus- tralian Sericoides so far as my observation goes by its very large eyes, the interval between which is so narrow that the middle part of the head (limited in front by the clypeal suture, on the sides by the eyes, and behind by a line joining the hind extrem- ities of the eyes) is scarcely if at all wider than long. 44 £. spectans, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis ; minus convexa ; subnitida ; suprasat glabra; ferruginea; capite crebre fortius, prothorace sparsim minus fortiter, pygidio fortiter minus crebre, punctu- latis ; prothorace sat transverso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus-leviter arcuatis, basi utrinque vix sinuata, angulis anticis acutis vix prominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis ; elytris sat fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sat fortiter nec seriatim punctulatis subconvexis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2"* sublongiori. lLong., 33 1.; lat. 141. Southern Queensland, COLPOCHILODES (gen. nov. Sericotdarum ). Mentum antice sat fortiter emarginatum ; palpi fere ut Frenchelle (labialibus modicis articulo ultimo sat.elongato sat cylindrico, maxillaribus sat elongatis articulo ultimo quam precedens sat longiori) ; labrum totum plus minusve exstans, antice (superne viso) truncato vel late emarginato ; oculi sat magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articu- lata (hac maris angusta elongata quam articuli precedentes conjuncti vix breviori, feminz multo breviori) ; prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata; tibie antice extus tridentate, posticis fere ut Sericesthis (elongatis, gracilibus, intus fere rectis) ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna pilis elongatis dense vestita. The species for which I propose the above new generic name cannot be satisfactorily placed in any previously characterised genus. With the general characters in other respects of a Colpochila it combines the hind tibie of a Serzcesthis,—slender, elongate, and having their inner edge straight, which gives it a facies quite unlike that of either of the above named genera. Besides the species described I have seen two others from W. Australia, but as each of them is represented by a unique female it would not be wise to describe them at present. C. raucipennis, sp. nov. Elongato-ovatus; sat nitidus; supra fere glaber, sternis femoribusque pilosis; ferrugineus vel piceo-ferrugineus ; clypeo crebre subfortiter, capite postice acervatim minus fortiter, prothorace sparsius (ad latera sat crebre) sat fortiter, elytris sat grosse rugulose, pygidio minus crebre subfortiter, punctulato ; prothorace postice haud mar- ginato, sat transverso, lateribus (superne visis) pone medium fere rectis, angulis anticis subacutis minus prominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis, basi utrinque sinuata; scutello levi; elytris geminato-striatis, interstitiis nonnullis angustis convexig sed sculptura nonnihil propter rugositatem obscura , 45 tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2". parum breviori. Long., 7—8$ 1. ; lat., 34—4 1. W. Australia; Perth, Albany, Wc. NESO (gen. nov. Sericoidarum ). Mentum antice leviter emarginatum; palpi labiales modici, articulo ultimo subcylindrico haud vel vix dilatato, sat elongato; palpi maxillares modici, articulo ultimo quam precedens sat longiori; labrum in medio vix prominulum, antice (superne visum) emarginato-truncatum ; oculi magni nitidi subtilissime granulati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (specierum cognitarum) 9-articulatz, clava 3-articulata (hac maris quam articuli 1-6 conjuncti haud breviori, feminze sat breviori) ; prothorax transversus, basi haud marginata ; elytra varie striata; coxz postice minus elongatze ; tibie antice extus 3-dentatz, posticis sat brevi- bus ad apicem dilatatis intus arcuatis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna sparsim pilosa. This genus (which seems peculiar to tropical Australia) differs from Colpochila in facies more widely than in structural charac- ters. It is however distinct by several good characters,—espe- cially its prothorax not margined at the base its short hind cox and the sparseness of the pilosity on its sterna. The canthus cutting into the front part of the eye moreover is much less divergent from the clypeal outline than in Colpochila, being evidently a mere prolongation of the clypeus, while in Colpochila it has the appearance of a carina distinct from the clypeal out- line. It should be noted that this genus presents the very rare (among the Australian Sericoides) character of including among species with simply striate, one at least with geminate-striate, elytra. In the latter however the striation is very different from that of Colpochila, Scitala, &c., the width of the interstices between stria and stria of the pairs being very little less than of the alternate interstices and all the interstices being equally flat, whereas in Colpochila, &c., the wider interstices are twice as wide (or more) as the narrower ones and the latter are distinctly more convex than the former. NV. usta, sp. nov. Ovata; sat convexa; nitida; supra glabra ; rufo-brunnea, capite prothorace pedibusque obscuris ; capite cum clypeo sat crebre sat grosse, prothorace sparsius sub- fortiter, punctulatis; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus sat rotundatis, basi retrorsum declivi utrinque vix sinuata, angulis anticis acutis subprominulis posticis rotundato-obtusis; elytris subtilius punctulato-striatis, interstitiis subtilius confuse punctulatis, planis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2° sub- breviori. 46 Maris antennarum clava quam articuli 1-6 conjuncti vix longiori, pygidio nitido sparsim distincte punctulato. Femine antennarum clava sat breviori, pygidio minus nitido subobsolete punctulato. Long., 44-531; lat., 24 —3 1. Tropical Queensland. NV. yorkensis, sp. nov. Ovata; modice convexa ; nitida ; supra glabra ; rufa, elytris antennisque testaceis ; capite cum clypeo crebre fortiter, prothorace sparsim subfortiter, pygidio sparsim subtilius, punctulatis; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice fortiter aungustato, lateribus sat rotundatis, basi retrorsum declivi utrinque manifeste sinuata, angulis anticis acutis subprominulis posticis obtusis (vix rotundatim) ; elytris minus regulariter striatis, striis fortius punctulatis, interstitiis sat planis sparsim fortius punctul- atis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2™* distincte breviori. Maris antennarum clava quamarticuli 1—6 conjuncti fere sesqui longiori. Femine antennarum clava quam articuli 1—6 conjuncti sat breviori. Long., 5$ 1; lat., 24 1. Differs from the preceding in color, also in the much longer antennal club of the male, the prothorax notably less strongly declivous hindward across the base, the considerably stronger puncturation of the elytra, the absence of sexual difference in the sculpture of the pygidium, &c. Tropical Queensland. NV. planicollis, sp. nov. Ovata; modice convexa ; nitida ; supra glabra ; rufa vel rufo-testacea, capite infuscato, prothorace magis obscure rufo, elytris antennisque pallidis; capite quam clypeus manifeste minus crebre, prothorace sparsim subfortiter, punctulatis; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice sat fortiter angustato, lateribus sat rotundatis, basi haud retrorsum declivi utrinque parum sinuata, angulis anticis acutis parum prominulis posticis obtusis (vix rotun- datim) ; elytris geminato-striatis, striis sat fortiter punctu- latis, interstitiis (ex his, alternis quam cetera paullo angustioribus minus punctulatis vix convexioribus) sat fortiter confuse punctulatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2"* sat breviori. Maris antennarum clava quam articuli 1—6 conjuncti plus quam sesquilatiori, pygidio sparsim subfortiter punctulato. Femina latet. Long., 54 1.; lat., 3 1. Resembles the preceding (NV. yorkensis) in color but differs from it in the considerably longer antennal club of the male (which to a casual glance looks about twice as long as all the 47 preceding joints together), in the basal part of the prothorax not being declivous hindward, in the elytral stria distinctly running in pairs, Xe. Tropical Queensland. SCITON. For the original diagnosis (P. L. 8., N.S.W., 1892, p. 101) it will be well to substitute the following fuller one. Clypeus aatice truncatus, lateribus sinuatis; mentum antice emarginatum, lateribus pone apicem profunde excisis ; palpi labiales modici, articulo ultimo dilatato; palpi maxillares parum elongati, articulis robustis (apicali 2° longitudine eequali quam 3" sat longiori) ; labrum vix exsertum, antice (superne viso) truncatum vel late vix emarginatum ; oculi magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho pro- funde incisi; antenne (specierum cognitarum) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata (hac maris* cogniti quam articuli precedentes 5 conjuncti paullo longiori, femine paullo breviori) ; prothorax transversus ; elytra geminato-striata ; tibie antice extus tridentate, posticis fere ut Sericesthis (elongatis, gracilibus, intus fere rectis) ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna pilis erectis sat brevibus minus perspicuis vestita, pedibus sparsim pilosis. A very distinct genus on account of the form of the clypeus (recalling that of Mcchidius), the peculiar excision of the sides of the mentum disclosing the extreme base of the labial palpi, and the scarcely exserted labrum resembling that of the genus I take to be Ocnodus. S. paullus, sp. nov. Ovatus, minus elongatus ; subopacus, non- nihil pruinosus; supra glaber; rufo-ferrugineus, antennis palpisque testaceis ; clypeo nitido in medio subgibbo crebre squamose, capite postice prothoraceque vix manifeste, elytris parum distincte, pygidio nitido subtiliter sat crebre, punctu- latis; prothorace sat transverso, antice minus angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, basi utringue leviter sinuata, angulis anticis acutis minus prominulis posticis superne visis sat (nec acute) rectis; elytris geminato-striatis, interstitiis alternis angustioribus subconvexis; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" paullo longiori. Long., 5—52 1. ; lat. 24—3 1. Very much like S. ruber, Blackb., but much smaller, and easily distinguished inter alia by its clypeus being quite gibbous in the middle longitudinally (so that from a certain point of view it appears foveate on either side) and by the notably longer basal * 2¢. 8. paulli, sp. nov. 48 joint of its hind tarsi. I have before me a third species of this genus (also from W.A.) which is not however in fit state for description. W. Australia. DYSPHANOCHILA (gen. nov. Sericoidarwm). Mentum antice leviter emarginatum ; palpi labiales modici, arti- culo ultimo subconico sat dilatato ; palpi maxillares elongati, articulo ultimo quam precedens multo longiori; labrum a clypei parte antica verticali nullo modo discretum ; oculi magni nitidi vix manifeste granulati, antice a cantho pro- funde incisi; antennze (speciei typice) 9-articulate, clava 3-articulata (hac maris quam articuli precedentes conjuncti multo longiori, femine haud observatze); prothorax trans- versus ; elytra haud manifeste striata ; tibie antic extus 2-dentate, posticis elongatis minus robustis intus fere rectis ; unguiculi simplices ; sterna femoraque pilosa. This genus is easily distinguished by the total absence of any distinction between the labrum and the deep downward-vertical front face of the clypeus (which is even more complete than in the genus that I take to be Ocnodus), in combination with hind tibize of the Serrcesthis type. Its facies is something like that of Anodontonyx. D. pilosipennis, sp. nov. Sat brevis, sat lata; modice nitida ; supra pilis subtilibus elongatis erectis sparsius vestita, subtus in sternis femoribusque pilosa; brunneo-testacea; clypeo crebrius fortiter, capite postice sparsim sat grosse, prothorace fere ut clypeus sed paullo minus crebre, elytris crebrius sat fortiter, pygidio fortius minus crebre, punctulatis ; clypeo antice rotundato-reflexo ; prothorace postice in medio haud marginato, transverso, antice angustato, angulis anticis minus acutis minus prominulis posticis acutis leviter retror- sum prominulis, basi utrinque sinuata ; elytris haud distincte striatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" paullo breviori. Long., 43 1.; lat., 221. An easily recognisable species on account of the long erect hairs clothing the upper surface. In one example I can detect no indication of elytral striz, in the other there are very faint traces of strive arranged in pairs; they are however scarcely dis- tinguishable, but sufficient to show that the striation, such as it is, is of the geminate type. W. Australia; Swan R. Taken by Mr. E. F. W. Blackburn and Mr. Lea. HAPLOPSIS. M. Lacordaire regards this genus as identical with Heteronyzx. His remarks seem to imply that he had seen at least one of its OO 49 species, but it is difficult to believe he can really have done so, as he says that it has “entirely the general appearance” of Heteronyzx, —which is far indeed from being the case. Together with a very different facies, it has simple claws and the club of the antennz remarkably elongated. Structurally it is near Cawlobius (which Lacordaire also merges in Heteronyx, quite erroneously I am convinced). Superficially it is easily separated from Caulobius by the presence (at any rate in all the described species) of con- spicuous pubescent vittz on the elytra; but it is difficult to specify satisfactory structural distinctions because Caulobius must I think for the present be allowed to embrace species that will probably have to be treated eventually as types of distinct genera. The insect which Burmeister has described as Caulobius (Sericesthis cervina, Boisd.) is I think pretty certainly not con- generic with C’, pubescens, Le Guillou ; but as I have not to my knowledge seen the former I am unable to deal with the matter confidently, and must treat Caulobius sufficiently loosely to in- clude in it both those which Burmeister attributes to it. Re- garded thus, the only one of Burmeister’s characters that seems reliable is a very slight (but as far as my observation goes a very constant) one, viz. the presence in Cawlobius but not in Haplopsis of a minute tooth on the external margin of the front tibiz close to the base of those organs. In his tabulation Burmeister dis- tinguishes the two genera by the form of the labrum, which in Caulobius is said to be,—and in Haplopsis not to be,—prominent and separated by a distinct suture from the vertical front face of the clypeus. This holds good in respect of Haplopsis and Caulobius pubescens but not in respect of some other species be- fore me which, I feel confident, are congeneric with C. cervina. So again Burmeister says there are eight joints in the antennz of Cwwlobrus and nine in those of Haplopsis,—but the variability of the Australian Heteronycides in very closeiy allied species of numerous genera is so great as to render this character worthless. The other notable distinctive character mentioned by Burmeister, —viz. the presence of sexual variation in the clypeus of Haplopsis and not of Caulobius,—is an important one if constant,—but I have not before me (and still less had Burmeister before him) a sufficiently long series of species and specimens to say confidently whether it 7s constant. That Haplopsis and Caulobius are two thoroughly good genera I should say there is not the shadow of a doubt,—nor have I much doubt that all Burmeister’s distinctive characters (except that founded on the number of antennal joints) will stand, but I suspect that Burmeister’s diagnosis of Caulobius was drawn up on C. pubescens only and that C. cervinus if examinéd would be found not to correspond with the diagnosis of C. pubescens in respect of the labrum and to differ in other D 50 respects of generic importance. Owing to this suspicion I have included among the new species under Cauwlobius (below) some species which I place in the genus only provisionally (as probably congeneric with C. cervinus, Burm.,? Boisd.), but for which I think a new generic name will be required eventually. H. debilis, sp. nov. Piceo-nigra ; subzenescens ; subnitida ; capite prothoraceque pilis elongatis erectis pallide brunneis, elytris pilis decumbentibus griseis vittatim positis, corpore subtus pedibusque pilis albidis sat crebre, vestitis; capite pro- thoraceque sat crebre nec fortiter punctulatis; hoc fortiter transverso, antice angustato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis productis posticis obtusis; elytris obscure rugulosis, 5-lineatim (plus minusve manifeste) longitudina- liter convexis, lineis glabris vix rugulosis. Maris clypeo antice truncato subtiliter marginato, antennarum clava elongata. Femine clypeo rotundato, antennarum clava minus elongata. Long., 24—3 1.; lat., 14—12 1. Easily distinguishable by the form of the clypeus which in front is simply truncate in the male and rounded in the female with its margin not reflexed. The prothorax is notably less coarsely punctulate than in its allies and the tarsi are much more slender than those of H. lineoligera, Blanch. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. H. Ollifi, sp. nov. Obscure viridis; subnitida; supra pilis griseis (in elytris vittatim dispositis), subtus pilis albidis vestita; capite prothoraceque grosse minus crebre punc- tulatis; hoc minus fortiter transverso, antice angustato lateribus arcuatis, angulis anticis productis posticis obtusis ; elytris granulato-rugulosis, 5-lineatim (plus minusve mani- feste) longitudinaliter convexis, lineis glabris vix rugulosis. Maris clypeo antice fortiter reflexo, producto, late truncato ; antennarum clava modice elongata. Femine clypeo antice vix producto, anguste reflexo, late trun- cato ; antennarum clava vix minus elongata. Long., 3 1.; lat., 12 1. The decidedly green coloring of this species distinguishes it from all its known congeners except viridis, Blackb., and the clypeus of its male strongly produced and upturned in front with the apex sharply truncate distinguishes it from them all. Northern N.S. Wales ; given to me by the late Mr. Olliff. ~~ H, lineoligera, Blanch. The synonymy of this species was given wrongly by Burmeister, and has been taken over by other authors from him. A very casual comparison of descriptions renders this manifest, and it seems incomprehensible that Bur- 51 meister could have made such a mistake; equally so that he should have re-described under another name (grisea) an insect. which he believed to be already described by Blanchard and then have deliberately placed Blanchard’s name as a discarded synonym below his own. Is it possible he can have thought this course justified by the fact that the specimen he described bore a MS. name affixed to it by Hope at a date possibly earlier than that of Blanchard’s publication? However that may be H. pilosa, Burm. (and not grisea, Burm.) is evidently the same as lineoligera, Blanch., and therefore the name pilosa, Burm., must drop (as a synonym of lineoligera) and grisea, Burm., must stand as a good species. CAULOBIUS. I have discussed this genus above in connection with Haplopsis. The following species are I think new. C. punctulatus, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; subcylindricus; rufes- cens, capite prothorace metasternoque picescentibus ; pilis brevibus pallidis suberectis minus confertim vestitus ; capite rugulose sat grosse sat crebre punctulato, clypeo antice truncato sat fortiter reflexo ; prothorace transverso, antice angustato, rugulose grosse sat crebre punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita) basin versus subsinuatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis subrectis, basi media modice lobata; scutello parum manifeste pun- ctulato ; elytris fortiter sat grosse crenulato-striatis, inter- stitiis angustis inequaliter nec fortiter convexis; tibiis anticis dentibus 2 prope apicem sat magnis et altero minuto ad basin externis armatis; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti vix breviori; tarsis 4 anterioribus (posticis exempli typici carentibus) modice elongatis, articulis ad apicem fortiter clavatis’ 2° quam 1" - longiori. Long., 31.; lat., 121. I am uncertain of the sex of the unique type of this species, as I do not find any very reliable external sexual characters in Caulobius. The labrum is scarcely distinct from the front face of the clypeus and is pointed behind, its point being opposite to an emargination of the mentum. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. Meyrick, near Albany. C. advena,sp. nov. Subnitidus ; subcylindricus ; piceo-brunneus antennarum stipite tarsis elytrisque plus minusve rufescent- ibus ; pilis brevibus pallidis suberectis subtilibus minus confertim vestitus ; capite crebrius minus grosse minus pro- funde punctulato, clypeo antice truncato sat fortiter reflexo, antennis 9 (?) articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceterl conjuncti vix breviori ; prothorace transverso, antice 52 angustato, crebre minus profunde (nullo modo grosse) punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita) basin versus manifeste sinuatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis sat acute rectis, basi media modice lobata ; scutello vix manifeste punctulato ; elytris ineequali- ter subtilius punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sat latis ineequali- ter minus fortiter convexis ; tibiis anticis et tarsis anteriori- bus 4 ut C. punctulati, tarsorum posticorum articulo 2° quam 1" plus quam duplo longiori. Long., 31.; lat., 12 1. Very close to the preceding structurally but with the sides of the prothorax evidently more sinuate near the base, the hind angles distinctly sharper, the color throughout (very notably that of the antennal club) quite different, the puncturation of all the upper surface much feebler and finer, &c. It should be noted that there is a difference in the form of the clypeus between these two species for although it is truncate in both when viewed from _ above, its front outline viewed from in front is straight in this. species but sinuate in C. punctulatus. The labrum seems to differ somewhat in form from that of C. punctulatus the middle of its hind margin not appearing pointed, but that difference is possioly only apparent as in the unique type of the present species the labrum is closely in contact with the mentum and in the other is fully exposed. The antenne are in a very unfavor- able position for examination of the minute joints that form the funiculus and I cannot get sight of them with a microscope but T am almost sure they are 9-jointed. Australia or Tasmania; exact habitat not known, but pro- bably Tasmania, as a considerably broken specimen in my collec- tion from that island does not seem to me to differ from the type except in larger size (long. 33 1.) and decidedly more rufescent elytra. C. discedens, sp. nov. Subnitidus; brevior ; niger, capite pro- thoracis lateribus sutura antennis pedibusque obscure rufus- centibus ; pilis brevibus suberectis albidis sat confertim ves- titus ; capite sat fortiter minus crebre vix rugulose punctu- lato, clypeo antice truncato sat fortiter reflexo ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti vix breviori; prothorace sat transverso, antice angustato, rugulose grosse sat crebre punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita) basin versus subsinuatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis subrectis, basi media modice lobata ; scutello coriaceo ; elytris confuse vix perspicue sed sat grosse punctulato-striatis, interstitiis minus, angustis leviter valde inzequaliter convexis ; tibiis anticis ut C. punctulati sed brevioribus magis latis ; tarsis anterioribus 53 4 fere ut C. punctulati sed brevioribus minus gracilibus ; tarsis posticis sat brevibus, articulo 2° quam 1” vix duplo longiori. Long., 231. ; lat. 121. Differs from C. punctulatus (apart from color and size) chiefly as follows :—The clypeus viewed from in front is not sinuate ; the prothorax is less strongly transverse ; the sculpture of the elytra is extremely confused (and difficult to describe) consisting of coarse but not deep punctures which run unevenly in indistinct strie and have an ill-defined appearance, their interstices very little raised and much wider than in pwnctulatus and extremely irregular (here and there almost disappearing in vague rugulosity) and generally much serrated by the seriate punctures (in punctulatus the punctures of the striz being markedly coarser and deeper and much more regularly seriate) ; the tibie are con- spicuously shorter and evidently wider (though with similar external dentation, two well defined teeth close to the apex and one minute tooth at the extreme base) ; the anterior 4 tarsi are manifestly stouter and shorter ; the whole insect is shorter and wider. The much coarser puncturation of the prothorax readily ‘separates this species from C. advena. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. E. Meyrick. C. compactus, sp.nov. Subnitidus ; brevis; niger ; palpis anten- narumque stipite dilutioribus; pilis erectis in capite pro- thoraceque sat longis ferrugineis, in elytris brevibus pallidis vestitus ; capite sat grosse crebrius rugulose punctulato, clypeo antice truncato fortiter reflexo ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti haud breviori ; prothorace minus fortiter transverso, antice angustato, grosse rugulose sat crebre punctulato, lateribus arcuatis, (latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita), angulis anticis acutis posticis subrectis, basi media modice lobata ; scutello coriaceo leviter inzquali; elytris minus distincte punctulato-striatis, interstitiis angustis vix convexis obscure rugulosis ; tibiis anticis ut C. punctulate ; tarsis anterioribus 4 fere ut C. punctulatt sed intermediis.quam antici sat brevioribus ; tarsis posticis elongatis gracilibus, articulo 2° quam 1° plus quam duplo longiori. Long., 2—22 1.; lat. lyo—hil. This species is in general facies much like C. discedens but is notably blacker with the prothorax less strongly transverse and mauch more closely punctured ; the elytra also are very differently sculptured ; to a casual glance their sculpture might be described as closely rugulose the rugulosity having a seriate arrangement, but when closely examined they are seen to be in reality closely striate-punctulate, the rows of punctures so close as to be almost 54 confluent and the intervals (both between series and series and between puncture and puncture of the series) squamose-rugulose in such fashion as greatly to obscure the puncturation. Mountains of Victoria and N.S. Wales. C. evanescens, sp. nov. Minus nitidus ; sat brevis ; niger, palpis. anternarum stipite et nonnullorum exemplorum tarsis. dilutioribus ; pilis pallidis decumbentibus vestitus ; capite crebrius sat grosse punctulato, clypeo sat elongato antice minus lato subrotundato vix reflexo ; antennis 9-articulatis, clava sat elongata quam articuli ceteri conjuncti vix bre- viori ; prothorace leviter transverso, antice leviter angustato, crebrius rugulose sat grosse punctulato, lateribus arcuatis (latitudine majori vix pone medium posita), angulis anticis. acutis posticis obtusis (sed bene determinatis), basi media minus fortiter lobata; scutello coriaceo parum inequali ;. elytris crebre minus fortiter seriatim punctulatis, parum rugulosis, interstitiis minus distinctis ; tibiis anticis fere ut C. punctulati sed brevioribus latioribus; tarsis ut: C. discedentis. Long., 14 1.; lat., 4 1. This miuute Lamellicorn is evidently allied to C. discedens but may be at once separated from it and from all the other described Caulobit by its clypeus evidently more elongate and very much less strongly reflexed at the apex. Although I have not broken off an antenna for examination under a microscope (the only way to be absolutely certain of the number of minute joints in the funiculus) I have, I think, seen quite plainly through a Codding- ton lens that there are four joints in the funicle,—so that the antenne are nine-jointed. W. Australia; taken by Mr. E. Meyrick. MCHIDIUS. This genus presents the difficulty usual in Australian ento- mology of containing a certain number of species so vaguely described that it is impossible to identify them without examin- ing the types. The number of names that have been given to species of Machidius is, I believe, 33 (excluding Albertisi, Fairm., bilobiceps, Fairm., and gracilis, Waterh., which have not the pro- sternal sutures open to receive the antenne and have the Sericid structure of the mouth ; they are allied to Diphucephala and are members of, or very near to, the genus Epholcis). Of the 33 names really appertaining to Mechidiws four must be dropped as synonyms, viz. Kirbyanus, Westw.=spurius, Kirby, excisus, Waterh. = rugosicollis, Macl., raddonanus, Westw. = sordidus, Boisd., and sinuaticeps, Blackb. = mellyanus, Westw. Of the remaining 29, two (viz. obscwrus, Macl., and parvulus, Macl.) are so slightly described that it is impossible to form a clear idea of — 5D them and I am obliged to pass them by. Thus I regard the genus as at present consisting of 27 valid species to which I shall presently add eight additional ones. Of the 27, there are six that I have,been unable to identify, on which I offer the follow- ing notes. M. spurius, Kirby is from N.S. Wales. It is a large species (long., 5 1.) with simple claws, the clypeus very feebly emarginate, the basal angle of the prothorax obtuse, the elytra with rows of minute tubercles, and the hind tibiz with their external apical process extremely elongate. This latter character enables me to place it confidently in tabulating the genus. I have no doubt the Mechidius from W.A. which Mr. Waterhouse (Tr. E. S. Lond. 1875 p. 193) thinks a possible var. of spwrius is mellyanus, Westw., which at p. 201 of the same paper the author mentions as unknown to him. M. brevis, Waterh., from North Queensland, is_ scarcely described, the remarks on it consisting of little more than the mention of certain differences from M&M. ater, Waterh., without any definite statement whether in all respects not specified the description of If ater stands good for VW. brevis. Thus there is a considerable element of doubt about some of the characters,— e.g., the color (which is unusual and probably constant in IZ. ater). If M. brevis is of the same deep black color as MW. ater, I have not seen it. If it is of a different color the description is valueless. M. corrosus, Waterh., is a large species (long., 54 1.) from Tas- mania with appendages to the claws, and the hind angles of the prothorax “not at all acute.” I have seen nothing like it. M. sexdentatus, Waterh., is a rather small species (long. 33 1.) from Adelaide with the head “ tridentate on either side.” Among the numerous South Australian examples of Mechidius that I have seen there is not one with the head sculptured as that of sexdentatus is said to be. The only species I have seen from any locality with sculpture at all approaching it has the sides of the prothorax excised (which they do not appear to be in sexdentatus) and is from Sydney and agrees very well with the description of M. emarginatus, Waterh. M. Froggatti, Macl., is a species of moderate size (long., 4 1.) from N.W. Australia. The only very notable character in the description is a costa running hindward from the humeral angle (ithe humeral “ callus”). I do not think I have seen the insect. M. antennalis (described below) has such a costa, but is quite different in other respects from the description. M. bidentulus, Fairm., is a small species (long., 3 1.) from Queensland. It has simple claws and is said to be notable by the presence of two blunt teeth on the head. Iam satisfied that I have not seen it. 56 It should be added that the identification of M. sordidus, Boisd., seems rather doubtful. Boisduval’s description would apply to almost any Mechidius, but Mr. Waterhouse (loc. cit.) gives some information regarding it which he says is founded on “authentic specimens,” but without stating the grounds on which he considers them “ authentic.” Moreover there is a considerable difficulty in understanding his remarks. Under the heading of M. sordidus he says that that species is one of the commonest Mechidi in 8. Australia, and describes its prothorax as “ very slightly narrowed posteriorly, the posterior angles slightly less than right angles.” I can at once identify the insect (which is the only common one in 8. Australia, and also occurs in Victoria and N.S. Wales) on which that description is founded, but under — the description of the next species (Jf. emarginatus) Mr. Water- house speaks of the “ posterior emargination” of the prothorax in “the preceding (species)” and says that emarginatus is closely allied to it. These statements appear quite impossible to recon- cile with each other. I, however, suppose that by some means the place of emarginatus in the memoir was changed after the description was written and that sordiduws was not intended by “the preceding,” but some other species (perhaps excisus, Waterh.). Therefore I take sordidus, Waterh., to be the insect on which the remarks under the name “ sordidus” were founded, —not that referred to (under the heading “ emarginatus”) as ‘“‘the preceding.” Mechidius is a genus in which the species are for the most part easily distinguishable anter se by well marked characters, and are readily tabulated. There is however one character that it is impracticable to disregard in a tabulation, but which nevertheless cannot conveniently be used without a few preliminary remarks, and that is the form of the hinder part of the prothorax, which is alike in scarcely any two species of the genus. But the grada- tions of difference from one species to another are not marked enough to make easy the division of the species into groups founded on this character. In a few species the base of the prothorax is straight or evenly curved, with the sides also evenly curved; then we find species in which the base is more or less sinuate and the sides evenly curved; then species in which the sinuation of the base becomes so strong that it should be called rather an “excision” (in some the exci- sion being so angled at both ends that there is an opening for question which is the true basal angle); and then species in which the excision takes in more or less of the side of the pro- thorax so distinctly that there can be no hesitation in calling the hinder extremity of the excision the “hind angle of the pro- thorax.” JI have tried several methods of forming groups on this D7 character and find the most workable to be founded on the differ ence between a “sinuation” and an “excision” without regard to the question whether the inequality is in the side or the base. Even taking this as the crucial point, there is nevertheless a possibility of doubt in respect of a few species which group the insect should be referred to, and therefore it seems desirable to specify M. clypealis, acutangulus, and imitator as species in respect of which there is room for doubt whether the emargination of the hind part of the prothorax should be regarded as a strong sinua- tion or a moderate excision. With this qualification I believe — that it will be easy to distinguish the described species by means of the following tabulation. A. Claws without basal appendage. B. Upper surface not clothed with long erect hairs. C. Hind tibiz normal (not as CC), D. Prothorax not excised in its hinder part. E. Hind tarsi not particularly slender,—their basal joint notably shorter than the next two together. F. External apical process of hind tibize very long,—about same length as longer spur on inner side. G. Hind angles of prothorax acute mel/yanus, Westw. GG. Hind angles of prothorax obtuse spurius, Kirby. FF. External apical process of hind tibize notably shorter. G. Hind angles of prothorax very acute and strongly prominent hindward. H. Elytra with well defined costz Jatus, Waterh. HH. Elytra not costate ater, Waterh. GG. Hind angles of prothorax right or moderately acute, not (or scarcely) prominent hindward H. Clypeus very strongly triangu- larly excised in front. I. Prothorax of normal convexity major, Blackb. II. Prothorax strongly convex longitudinally ... ... gtbbicollis, Blackb. HH. Clypeus widely and feebly emarginate in front. I. Basal joint of hind tarsi about same length as apical joint. J. Base of prothorax feebly sinuate Fis ... crendaticollis, Blackb. *JJ. Base of prothorax pro- foundly sinuate on either side ... a ... clypealis, Blackb. II. Basal joint of hind tarsi not- ably shorter than the apical joint Pe a ... ordensis, Blackb. GGG. Hind angles of prothorax obtuse (though not at all ronnded off) coll/aris, Blackb. EE. Hind tarsi slender,—their basal joint about as long as the next two to- gether. 58 F. Hind angles of prothorax acute FF, Hind angles of prothorax obtuse (much rounded off)... . DD. Prothorax in hinder part distinctly ex- cised,—the basal edging not continu- ous round the excision. FE. A distinct angle immediately in front of the excision. F. The prothorax considerably nar- rowed in front. G. Basal joint of hind tarsi very short, not longer than apical spur of tibiz *H. The angle at front of proth- oracic excision strongly denti- form £8 er Ri. *HH. The angle at front of excision not dentiform ... ee GG. Basal joint of hind tibiz consider ably longer than apical spur of tibice van ne es FF, The prothorax as wide in front as at base ae Me Bae EE. No angle at front of prothoracic excision Ly A fs CC. Hind tibis angularly dilated externally at about the middle of their length. D. Prothorax very sparsely punctulate DD. Prothorax closely punctulate ae BB. Upper surface clothed with long erect hairs. C. The uppermost external tooth of front tibiz placed at about the middle of their length ‘< a se a CC. The uppermost external tooth of front tibize placed much below the middle of their length ae sits 488 AA. A quill-like appendage at the base of each claw. B. Prothorax not excised in front of the hind angles. C. Joints of the antennal club shorter than the rest of the antennal joints together. D. Uppermost tooth of the front tibiz placed at about the middle of the length of the tibiz. E. Base of prothorax strongly sinuate on either side, so that the angles are acute. F. Puncturation of prothorax not par- ticularly coarse. G. Interstices of the elytral strice wide (each with two rows of punctures) ... ang a GG. Interstices of elytral striz much narrower, —the strie being much more numerous longitarsis, Waterh.. rufus, Hope. acutangulus, Waterh. imitator, Blackb. rugosicollis, Macl. modicus, Blackb. hopeanus, Westw. tibialis, Blackb. rugosipes, Blackb. pilosus, Blackb. variolosus, Macl. sordidus, Boisd. multistriatus, Blackb. * These species may be considered intermediate between the group in which the pro- thorax is excised and that in which it is merely sinuate in its hinder part. 59 FF. Puncturation of prothorax ex- tremely coarse macleayanus, Westw. EE. Base of prothorax not sinuate,—the angles not acute caviceps, Blackb. DD. Uppermost tooth of front tibix placed considerably below middle of length of tibia . atratus, Burm. CC. Joints of antennal club as long 2 as the rest of the antennal joints together fissiceps, Macl. BB. Prothorax excised in front of the hind angles. C. Club of antennz three-jointed. D. Side of prothorax with a strong angle in front of the excision emarginatus, Waterh. DD. Side of prothorax rounded at front of excision idk excisicollis, Blackb. CC. Club of antennz five- jointed dun ... antennalis, Blackb. M. gibbicollis, sp. nov. Late subovatus minus depressus ; minus nitidus ; piceus, antennis testaceis ; setulis brevibus subtili- bus minus crebre vestitus; capite antice triangulariter fortiter exciso, lateribus sat fortiter bisinuatis ; prothorace gibbo fortiter transverso, antice sat angustato, confertim rugulose punctulato, lateribus sat fortiter crenulatis modice arcuatis, angulis anticis subacutis sat productis posticis rectis (vix acute), basi utrinque sat fortiter sinuata ; elytris crebre punctulato-substriatis, interstitiis nonnullis leviter convexis quam ceteri paullo latioribus ; tibiis anticis extus fortiter 3-dentatis (dentibus intervallis sat equalibus inter se divisis) ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali seal 2ns parum longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. lLong., 44 1. ; lat 24 1. This species bears a strong resemblance to UW. jfissiceps, Macl., but belongs to a different section of the genus owing to its having no quil]-like appendages at the base of its claws. Its clypeus scarcely differs from that of MW. fissiceps, but inter alia the general form of the insect is considerably wider and shorter, the prothorax is less narrowed anteriorly and the teeth of its front tibie are much larger more acute and more evenly spaced inter se. It must also be near M. bidentulus, Fairm. (which has similar claws), but that insect is described as a smal/ species (long. 6 mm.) of oblong form with the sides of the elypeus not sinuate, while the present insect is much larger, is of exceptionally short wide form, and has the sides of the clypeus strongly sinuate. The strong longitudinal convexity of the prothorax (best observed by looking at that segment from the side) is a little more marked than in J/. fissiceps and distinguishes it from most of its congeners. W. Australia; Roebuck Bay. Given to me, I believe, by Mr. J. J. Walker. 60 M. ordensis, sp. nov. Minus brevis, sat parallelus; minus nitidus ; nigro-piceus, antennis dilutioribus ; setulis minutis sparsim vestitus ; capite antice leviter late nec triangulariter emarginato, lateribus vix sinuatis; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, antice parum angustato, confertim aspere nec grosse punctulato, lateribus subtilissime crenulatis leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis subacutis modice productis posticis obtusis retrorsum subprominulis, basi utrinque sat fortiter sinuata; elytris crebre striatis, striis sat latis, interstitiis latis convexis biseriatim punctulatis et transversim rugatis (sculptura latera versus confusa); tibiis anticis extus (exemplorum visorum) obsolete obtuse 3-dentatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali crasso quam 2" paullo longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. lLong., 32 1.; lat., 1231 A rather narrow parallel little species, with a general resem- blance to I. modicus, but differing by its clypeus only feebly and roundly emarginate in front with front angles quite rounded off, its prothorax not emarginate before the hind angles which are obtuse, and the much shorter and thicker basal joint of its hind- tarsi. In the two examples before me the front tibiz are exter- nally feebly trisinuate rather than toothed, but it is possible this is due to the apex of the teeth having been worn off. W. Australia; sent by Mr. Lea from Ord River, Kimberly district. M. collaris, sp. nov. Sat brevis, latus ; minus nitidus ; piceus, antennis dilutioribus ; setulis brevibus gracilibus testaceis suberectis vestitus ; capite antice late minus profunde tri- angulariter emarginato, lateribus sat fortiter sinuatis ; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice sat angustato, sat fortiter minus crebre punctulato, lateribus sat arcuatis, angulis anticis sat acutis modice prominulis posticis obtusis, basi recta ; elytris substriatis, interstitiis planis vix in equalibus puncturis sat magnis papillatis biseriatim impressis ; tibiis anticis extus obtuse 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis a 3° sat remotis) ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" sat longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. Long., 41s Vat, ool This species is very notable in the genus through the base of its prothorax being quite straight,—not at all sinuate. SS. Australia; I have no record of the exact locality of capture. M. imitator, sp. nov. Modice elongatus; subnitidus; piceus subrufescens, antennis dilutioribus; setulis brevissimis adpressis sat sparsim vestitus; capite antice sat fortiter triangulariter emarginato, lateribus latis leviter sinuatis, angulo ante oculum acute recto ; prothorace fortiter trans- 61 verso, antice fortiter angustato, crebre fortiter rugulose punctulato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis perspicue crenulatis, angulis anticis minus prominulis minus acutis posticis oblique semicirculariter emarginatis (angulo ante emarginationem obtuso bene definito) ; elytris punctulato-substriatis, inter- stitiis ineequalibus (nonnullis quam cetera latioribus) irregu- lariter granulis rugisque nitidis ornatis ; tibiis anticis extus obtuse tridentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 subapproximatis, a 3° modice remotis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali brevi quam 2" vix longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. Long., 4 1.- lat., 141. Allied to MM. rugosicollis, Macl., easily distinguishable by the characters indicated above in the tabulation. Australia ; I am not certain of the exact locality, but believe it to be in Victoria. M. modicus, sp. nov. Minus elongatus; minus nitidus; piceus plus minusve rufescens ; setulis minimis gracilibus minus crebre vestitus; capite antice triangulariter sat fortiter exciso, lateribus sat fortiter sinuatis antice subacutis ; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice parum angustato, confer- tim rugulose nec grosse punctulato, lateribus subtiliter crenulatis leviter arcuatis, angulis anticis obtusis minus productis posticis oblique semicirculariter (fere ut MW. excisi, Waterh.) emarginatis, angulo ante emarginationem fere recto; elytris crebre striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis inzequaliter rugulosis vel granulosis (nonnullis quam cetera paullo latioribus) ; tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis a 3° sat remotis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2™ fere duplo longiori ; unguiculis simplicibus. Long., 34 1.; lat., 14 1. A very distinct species but bearing a general resemblance to M. excisus, Waterh., from which, however, it is readily dis- tinguished inter alia by the much deeper excision of the clypeus, the much slighter narrowing of its prothorax in front, and the much greater length of the basal joint of its hind tarsi. Coolgardie, W. Australia ; sent by Mr. Lea. M. multistriatus, sp. nov. Modice elongatus; subnitidus; piceus, antennis testaceis; setulis brevibus gracilibus suberectis minus crebre vestitus ; capite antice sat fortiter triangular- iter emarginato, lateribus latis sat fortiter sinuatis ; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice modice angustato, crebre rugulose nullo modo grosse punctulato, lateribus sat fortiter arcuatis, angulis anticis obtusis sat prominulis posticis subacutis retrorsum directis, basi utrinque fortiter sinuata ; elytris crebre striatis, interstitiis transversim aspere rugatis 62 (certo adspectu nonnullis quam cetera paullo latioribus) ; tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approx- imatis a 3° sat remotis) ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" sat longiori, apicali elongato; unguiculis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis gracilibus armatis. Long., 44— 51.5; lat. 2—22 1. It is difficult to believe that this common species is undes- cribed and yet there seems to be no doubt that such is the case. It is nearest, I think, to macleayanus, Westw., to which it bears considerable resemblance ; but it differs from thatspecies inter alia in the wider form and less coarse puncturation of its prothorax and in the sculpture of its elytra; these in macleayanus present alternately more and less convex lines, the former more nitid and rugulose than the latter; in the present species the lines of sculpture are equally inter se convex nitid and rugulose and are narrower and separated from each other by more defined and numerous strie. The tarsi of macleayanus, moreover are shorter and more robust. N.S.W. (Sydney, Forest Reefs, cc.) M. excisicollis, sp. nov. Minus elongatus; sat opacus; piceus» antennis dilutioribus ; setulis brevibus gracilibus suberectis minus crebre vestitus; capite antice sat fortiter triangu- lariter emarginato, lateribus latis fortiter sinuatis; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice angustato, crebre granu- loso-punctulato, lateribus fortiter rotundatis obsolete crenulatis, angulis anticis sat prominulis vix acutis posticis oblique semicirculariter emarginatis (angulo ante emargina- tionem nullo); elytris seriatim punctulatis (puncturis singulis basi tuberculis nitidis instructis); tiblis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis, a 3° sat remotis) ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam 2" paullo longiori; unguiculis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis gracilibus armatis. Long., 5 1; lat., 24 1. (vix). A very distinct species with the prothorax very like that of hopeanus, Westw., but more narrowed in front, and having the basal angles dentiform ; and differing from hopeanus inter alia by the presence of quill-like appendages at the base of the claws; also like emarginatus, Waterh., but differing from it enter alia by there being no angle before the posterior emargination of the sides of the prothorax. Victoria; in the S. Australian Museum. M. antennalis, sp.nov. Minus elongatus ; sat opacus ; castaneo- piceus, antennis testaceis clava elongata 5-articulata ; setulis sat gracilibus sat elongatis adpressis minus crebre vestitus ; clypeo antice late subtruncato ad latera recto, angulis anticis 63 acute jrectis; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice haud angustato, leviter minus crebre punctulato, in disco bifoveo- lato, lateribus leviter sinuato-arcuatis subtilissime crenulatis, angulis anticis obtusis minus prominulis posticis subquadratim emarginatis, angulo ante emarginationem fere recto ; elytris sat crebre punctulato-substriatis, interstitiis angustis inter se equalibus (sed costa sat fortis postice longe abbreviata a callo humerali, et altera sublateralis antice breviter abbre- viata a callo subapicali, procedunt); tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis (dentibus inferioribus 2 approximatis a 3° sat remotis); tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam sequentes 2 conjuncti haud breviori; unguiculis singulis ad basin appendiculis singulis gracilibus armatis. Long., 41.; lat., 21. The extraordinary antenne of this species with a club consist- ing of five very elongate joints (longer than all the preceding joints together) of which that nearest the base is a little shorter than the rest distinguish it from all its described congeners known tome. Ido not think the character to be sexual inasmuch asof fissiceps(which hasalmost aselongate an antennal club though only three-jointed) I have seen enough specimens to render the presence of both sexes probable and I do not find any difference in the antenne of different examples. N. 8. Wales ; a single specimen taken near Sydney. MELOLONTHIDES (true). RHOPHA. &. hirtuosa, sp. nov. Sat elongata (presertim mas) ; subtiliter pubescens et pilis erectis sat numerosis (presertim in pro- thorace) vestita; testacea vel fusco-testacea ; capite pro- thoraceque confertim aspere (clypeo grosse minus crebre nec fortiter) quam &. heterodactyle, Germ. multo minus sub- tiliter, elytris dupliciter (ut heterodactyle), pygidio ut prothorax, punctulatis; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus ‘crenulatis modice arcuatis, angulis posticis obtusis; elytris ut heterodactyle subcostatis. Maris antennarum flabello elongato 7-articulato, ‘articulo 3° {antennarum) intus producto. Femine antennarum fiabello brevi 5-articulato, articulis 4° 5° que (antennarum) intus productis. Long., 101. (mas.} 9 1. (fem.) ; lat., 44—5 1. This species is allied to heterodactyla, Germ. and soror, Blackb. (from the other described species its closely punctured prothorax in combination with a 7-jointed male antennal flabellum at once distinguish it) from both of which it differs by the presence of 64 numerous long erect hairs on the upper surface (they are almost wanting in heterodactyla and soror) and by the markedly stronger and more asperate puncturation of its prothorax, and from soror also by the much less strongly rounded sides of that segment. The antennz of the male are very similar to those of the two species just named but the female has the club of its antenne only 5-jointed (in soror it is 6-jointed,—I do not know the female of heterodactyla, but Germar implies that its antennal club is 7- jointed). N.S. Wales. R. morbillosa, sp. nov. #&. Mussoni affinis. Minus elongata ; supra breviter sparsim pubescens; testacea vel fusco-testacea ;. capite rugulose inzqualiter, prothorace fortiter vix crebre (quam heterodactyle multo minus crebre), elytris rugulose sat grosse, pygidio confertim aspere, punctulatis ; prothoracis . conformatione fere ut 4. hirtwose sed angulis posticis rectis bene determinatis; elytris subcostatis (fere ut R. heterodactyle ). Maris antennarum flabello elongato 5-articulato, flabelli arti- culis 1° 2° que quam ceteri multo brevioribus (hoc quam ille longiori ad apicem profunde emarginato). Fem. latet. The club of the antenne in the male having only three long joints at once separates this species from all its described con- geners. In other respects it is very much like &. Mussoni, Blackb., but differs inter alia in its prothorax considerably more closely, and its elytra evidently more coarsely, punctured. N.S. Wales; taken by Mr. Lea near Forest Reefs. a es eee | ro On Two DEEP-LEVEL DEPOSITS OF NEWER PLEISTOCENE IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, By Proressor Raupu Tare. [Read June 7, 1898. ] The majority, if not ail, of the low-level tracts fringing our coastline is generally known to be occupied by recent marine accumulations, indicating an elevation of about 12 to 14 ft. around St. Vincent’s Gulf, and thence westward to Fowler’s Bay (see Trans. R. Soc., S. Aust., II, 1879, pp. Ixvii-lxix and 114; IV, 1881, p. 45; and XIII, 1890, pp. 172 and 181). In the South- Kast, stretching from Lake Alexandrina to the plateau of the Mount Gambier limestone, similar deposits of recent marine shells underlay this extensive paludinal area (see Woods, “ Geol. Obs.,” pp. 183 et seq.). With the exception of the Port Creek shell-limestone (see Trans. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., X, 1888, p. 31), which extends from 18 to 26 ft. below high tidemark, no tangible evidences of deep- seated deposits of a like nature have been brought to scientific notice, though a passing reference to such an occurrence in the Tintinara bore was made at my instigation by Mr. E. V. Clark (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8S. Australia, XX, p. 115). The desirability of publishing particulars of the indications of recent marine deposits at considerable depths in the Port Pirie bore has influenced me in furnishing the data which fix a like age for the chief fossiliferous beds passed through in the Tintinara bore, though more than a decade has passed sincé the completion of that work, more especially so as my analyses extend the depth of the newer deposits for a further depth of 90 ft. than that stated by Mr. Clark. TINTINARA BORE. This bore was executed hy our Department of Water Supply. Samples of the beds passed through and explanatory manuscript formed part of an exhibit staged by the Hydraulic Department in the Jubilee Exhibition held at Adelaide in 1887. This exhibit is now in the museum of our School of Mines, and the samples from Tintinara have been critically examined by me, E 66 The Tintinara bore is located in the Ninety-mile Desert in near proximity to a station of that name on the railway line connecting Adelaide and Melbourne. Its site is sixty-two feet above sea level, and the main fossiliferous deposits extend in depth from 60 to 100 feet, though marine shells appear at 26 feet and at 154 to 244 ft. The deposits to 154 ft. in depth consist essentially of loose shell debris, with varying admixture of sand ; viewed as a whole, the shell debris is, by its nature and the species of molluscs represented, analogous to shell banks which occur between tide-marks on sheltered beaches of to-day, such for example as Hardwicke Bay. The majority of the species, though not living between tide- marks, are those either frequent or not uncommon among the accumulation of shells on many of our beaches. The accompany- ing list of species is based on the examination of about two pints of material, ‘belonging to the School of Mines, in three equal parts from 60 to 70, 70 to 80, and 90 to 100 ft. in depth; and about half-a-pint in the aggregate from depths ranging from 154 to 244 ft. received from the Conservator of Water. All the commoner species occur at all the depths to 100 ft., so that a record of the position of the rarer forms was not considered necessary, but I have added the occurrences below that depth in support of my contention that the containing beds are Newer Pleistocene and not Eocene. Some of the identifications in the subjoined list, either from the fragmentary, juvenile, or rolled condition of the specimens on which they have been based, are not certain though approx- imately correct ; these are indicated in the list by a sign of doubt after the author’s name. All the determined species, as a result of comparison with authenticated specimens, are with three exceptions living in our seas. The exceptions are :— — += - —_" : - 75 at now. They had, however, developed kaolinization of the silicates to an amazing extent, and the iron-constituent had been completely peroxidised to red hematite. The hematite was everywhere finely disseminated throughout the kaolin. In the contact-zones the hematite was hydrated to limonite, and a little free silica in granular form, resembling quartzite, also occurred. In depth pyrites were plentiful, and much of the free gold was replaced by gold combined with tellurium. The porphyry-dyke cited by the author appeared to be genuinely obtrusive, as it cut off all the transverse veins it met. Kaolinization was greatly advanced and had spread to the greenstone rock alongside. It is between the dyke and the greenstone that a schistose structure has been developed by pressure and shearing-strain, but the num- ber of secondary minerals is surprisingly few; colloid silica and limonite, forming the so-called “ jasper” reefs, constitute the lode veinstone proper, but its development is quite local. In fact, the bulk of the paramorphism would seem to have been a rapid passage of the greenstone to the stage of kaolin and chlor- ite. A swelling of the rock in consequence developed the joint- ings which now furnish the ‘soapy heads” of the author. Where such a paucity of secondary minerals has been developed, it is much more likely that they should aggregate into colonies or kernels than that they should occur minutely disseminated. To his mind the dusus nature of the writer were but nodules of secondary origin, and principally of the class termed “ spear” pyrites, a variety which rapidly decomposes in contact with air or rain-waters. Wad and pyrolusite also plentifully occur along the graphito-pyritic belt. The pyrolusite is usually well crystal- lised, and is at times associated with very rich ore. 76 On A NEw MyorPoRUM FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By J. H. Marpen, Hon. Memb., and E. Brercue. [Read July 5, 1898.] MYoOPoRUM REFRACTUM, %. sp. A glabrous shrub somewhat prostrate, attaining a height of 3 feet, but usually only 14 to 2 feet high as seen, with terete branches amply covered with resinous tubercles. Leaves alférnate, crowded, oblong, } to 2 inch long, very obtuse, entire or occasionally slightly crenulate, thick or somewhat succulent, sessile and refracted. Flowers usually solitary (sometimes two). in the axils, on slender pedicels shorter than the leaves. Calyx divided to the base, the segments broad and acute, imbricate at the base, about three lines long. Corolla white or often with small purplish dots on the inside of the lobes; glabrous inside, the lobes shorter than the tube. Stamens generally 4 (sometimes. 5) exserted but rather shorter than the lobes. Ovarium and fruit 2-celled, not compressed. Fruit small, apparently only slightly succulent, ovoid tapering to the persistent base of the style. Colour of the thin pericarp cream or yellowish. Fifteen miles north of Mount Distance, 8.A. (on very salty, mineralised damp soil—a salt-lake, now dry), M. Koch. The specific name is in allusion to the set of the leaves. This. is distinctly an ornamental species, worthy of cultivation. In affinity it is nearest allied to WM. brevipes, Benth., also a South Australian desert species, from which it is chiefly dis- tinguished by the refracted leaves, the broad calyx-segments, and the shape of the fruit. The flowers seem to be remarkably vari- able, not only in the number of stamens, but also in the colour and perhaps in the hairiness of the corolla. All corollas we ex- amined were perfectly glabrous inside, but as Mr. Koch describes the corolla in his notes as “bearded inside” it seems to be pro- bable that both forms exist. MAR 3 1899 77 On Two NEw CRETACEOUS BIVALVES. By Proressor Raupu Tate. [Read August 2, 1898.] Luecina (?) Bonythoni, sp. nov. (1898). Shell large, triangularly oval, with depressedly convex (right) valve. Umbo a little in front of the middle, moderately large, incurved in a transverse direction; lunule almost obsolete. Posterior and anterior dorsal slopes making an angle of 110°; the posterior one straight, the anterior one slightly incurved, and shortly and bluntly extended at its junction with the semi-circular ventral margin, the post-ventral margin rounded. The ornamentation consists of acutely - rounded radial threads and concentric thread-like lamelle, forming by their combination a cancellated surface-structure of oblong or nearly square depressions, which extends over the whole surface. The thread-like margins of the concentric lamelle are feebly vaulted on the radial threads. Towards the ventral margin in the medial line, there are about eight radial threads, and about nine concentric threadlets in a square of 5 millimetres. Dimensions. — Antero-pos- terior diameter 4°5; ventro- umbonal diameter 4:0 ; post- dorsaland antero-dorsal slopes about 2°5 mm. Habitat.—One right valve, the test of which is replaced by Precious Opal. UppER CreTAceEous at White Cliffs, New South Wales ; the unique type in the Museum of the School of Mines at Adelaide. The species-name is in compliment to Sir J. Langdon Bonython, Chairman of the Council of the School of Mines since 1890. Remarks.—The only shells figured from Australian Cretaceous rocks at all comparable with the present species, apart from any presumptive generic affinity, are Lucina anomala and L. ? aus- tralis, Moore, in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., xxvi, 1870; more so G 78 with the former than the latter. But Z. anomala is suborbicular in shape, with a nearly straight dorsal line, whilst my species is triangularly oval or somewhat axiniform in marginal outline, and has a strong tessellated ornamentation. The Syrian Cretaceous species, L. percancellata, Whitfield, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 403, t.b, f.b, 1891, has a somewhat similar cancellate ornament, but that fossil is nearly circular in outline. Until the interior is known, the generic location of L. Bonythoni will remain uncertain, though the shape and orna- mentation are not incompatible with a reference to Lucina, but, on the other hand, the transverse direction of the umbonal incurvature may imply other affinities, if other than a mere specific characteristic. The distinguishing features of LZ. Bonythoni are :—The axial direction of the umbo, the axiniform shape, the cancellate surface-ornamentation (particularly the frilled edge of the con- centric growth-lines). Platopis (?) corrugata, sp. nov. (1898). The fossil under observation is not like any figured species belonging to the Cretaceous fauna of Australia, though it has some resemblance to certain species of so-called Cytherea, but yet is more Astarte-like than they are. The interior is unknown, and, therefore, the generic relations are extremely dubious. Never- theless, one exterior feature will narrow the arena of comparison, that is the possession of an erect exsert ligamental plate to each valve, as in Psammobia and other Tellinids,and thus indicates an external ligament. Among the genera presenting this character, Platopis, Whitfield, Bull, Mus. Nat. Hist., iii., p. 399, 1891, seems to include the main external features presented by the Australian shell. Platopis, which is placed by its describer in Astartide, contains species which “externally somewhat resemble shells of the genus Astarte,” the hinge dentition differs from Opis and Opiosma ; they have a “flattened or depressed convex form,” and “possess an abruptly flattened, or even depressed slope, which in many is sharply flattened, or even depressed between the umbonal angles, and the very ill-defined, although large- sized, lunule.” Shell transversely triangular, somewhat cuneiform, convexedly depressed. Umbones large, obtuse, antemedian; lunule ill- defined. The dorsal slopes straight, inclined at an angle of 95°, the posterior considerably the longer; post-ventral extremity roundly-pointed (the shell is deficient in this region), the ventral margin nearly straight to beyond the middle line, thence curving rapidly upwards to form the well-rounded anterior extremity. ‘The post-dorsal line is bounded by a narrow declinous lanceolate 79 area and delimited on its inner aspect by an ill-defined obtuse ridge extending from the umbo to the post-ventral extremity. The inner margin of the valves is smooth (at any rate visually so) at post-ventral ex- tremity. The ornamentation consists of subacute concentric undulations of variable strength and at variable distances, separated by shallow concave spaces wider than the ridges ; coincident with the undulations are JM, widely-separated linear growth-lines; the Z/y concentric undulations are continued beyond * the post-umbonal ridge as close-set growth- lines. Dimensions.—Umbonal-ventral diameter, 18; antero-posterior diameter, 22 (by estimate); transverse diameter, greatest at about one-third from the unbo, 9 mm. Habitat.—One specimen of two valves in apposition, the test replaced by Precious Opal; the interior matrix not opalized. Upper CreEtTAcEOus at White Cliffs, New South Wales; the unique type in the Museum of the School of Mines, Adelaide. 80 On SOME AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF EULIMID4& AND PYRAMIDELLIDA. By Proressor R. Tarr. [Read August 2, 1898.] Puate IV, Ficurss 1-7. FAMILY EULIMIDA. GENus EULMA. (a). Shell straight. 1. E, augur, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 56; Reeve, Icon. Conch., t. f., 1866; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. viii., p. 269, t. 68, f. 10, 1886. Synonym, ZL. proxima, Sowerby in Reeve’s Icon. Conch., t. 6, f. 48, 1866 ; Tryon, op. cit., t. 68, f. 11. I have compared the types of #. augur and £. proxima in the British Museum, and the only differences between them (£. proxima is slightly immature) are those of total length, the former having 10 whorls in a length of 12 m.m., and the latter 12 whorls in a length of 15 m.m., and a slight difference in the proportion of the length to the breadth. An examination of many examples of #. augur proves that the proportion of length to breadth is not constant, and that micromorphs occur ; indeed there is a great tendency among Eulimide to range from giant to dwarf-sizes; .thus two extremes give the following ratio, 100 to 36 and 100 to 28 vix. Tryon’s figure of #. augur grossly misrepresents its shape, some individuals may show a barely perceptible torsion of the spire, but in general, Angas’ diagnosis ‘“marginibus spire rectioribus ” is applicable. Distribution.—For E. augur. South Australia (without locality), Angas, type specimen; Holdfast, Aldinga, and Fowler’s Bays, Wauraultie and Wallaroo, Spencer Gulf, Zate,; Royston Head (Matthews ! ) Tasmania (coll. Dr. Verco! ) For £. proxima. New Souta Wates, Port Jackson (type). The record for Tasmania of H#. proxima by Tenison-Woods is based on an erroneous determination, the shell so-named is fissoina sprrata. 2. E. orthopleura, sp. nov. Pl. iv., fig. 1. Pyramidal, straight, opaque-white, shining ; whorls, nine, flat ; last whorl subangular at the periphery, aperture rhomboidal. Length, 6°25 ; width, 2:25. 81 Affinities— This new species resembles £. polygyra, H. Adams (type compared), but it has a blunter apex, and the aperture is of a different shape. The rhomboidal aperture differentiates it from Z. polygyra and #. augur, and in addition is is distinguishable from the latter by a subangular base. Localities.—Soutn Avustratia ; Holdfast and Aldinga Bays (&. Tate, many examples). (b) Shell tortuous. In the following descriptions I have employed the phrase ‘torsion in one or two directions,” that is lateral or vertical, or both. Hitherto the torsion has been described as either to the left or right, upwards or backwards; but as these positions are relative to the aperture, it is obvious that if the spire be inclined to the left at a given stage of growth, the addition of a half-turn to the body-whorl will bring the torsion to the right. The same change will happen when the torsion is in a vertical plane: at one stage, if the inclination be forwards, it becomes backwards with the increase of a half-turn. The application of the terms expressive of the direction of the torsion can only be absolute as to the plane of the twist, that is whether vertical or lateral. It is only possible to extend their application when growth of the shell shall have ceased, or if the shell-growths be periodic and of one or more complete turns. This latter condition is certainly presented by #. Tenisoni, as pointed out to me by Dr. Verco, as traces of periodic growths are visible on the spire, and in alignment on the one side. But there are no distinctive features by which to recognise an adult Eulimid. 3. E. Tenisoni, Zvyon, Man. Conch., vol. VIII., 1886, p. 269, t. 68, f. 16. £. micans, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1875, p. 144 (1876), non Carpenter. The early spire-whorls are very narrow, and impart to the adult shell an almost mucronate termination. The apical whorl is blunt, higher than wide, but it cannot be described as mamil- lated. The shell attains to a length of 6 mm., and width of 2-5 mm.; the spire-whorls nine in number; the torsion of the spire is in two directions ; aperture roundly oval. This species makes a near approach to £. brevis, Sow. (with the type of which I have made comparison), but the shell is more tortuous, and the body-whorl more depressed. Distribution.—Tasmania (Zen.-Woods, type); VIcTorRIA !; Sourn Austratia, Holdfast, Aldinga, Streaky, and Fowler Bays, Wauraultie, Spencer Gulf (2. Tate, many exs.). 82 4. E. eommensalis, sp. nov. Pl. iv., fig."2. Shell elongate-pyramidal, strongly curved in two directions, translucent, vitreous, fawn-coloured with contained animal ; whorls ten, moderately convex ; body-whorl globosely inflated, thence rapidly tapering to the acute apex ; aperture semi-circular ; outer lip much ecurved medially ; the front of the aperture is well-rounded, but the margin is slightly reflected, so that seen from behind there is the semblance of basal constriction. Long., 5; lat., 2 mm. | . Habitat and Localities.—Commensal with Amblypneustes, spp... Holdfast and Aldinga Bays (R. Tate, many exs.) ; Port Stephens, N.S.W. (Aust. Mus. !). Affinities.—F rom figures and description, this species resembles L. parva, Sowerby, but seems to differ by its more ventricose body-whori and semi-circular aperture. 5. E. indisereta, sp. nov. Pl. iv., fig. 3. Shell elongate-pyramidal, slightly curved in two directions, translucent, vitreous, colourless. Whorls eight, nearly flat, of regular increase ; apex acute ; base convex and attenuate at the front ; aperture narrowly oval; outer lip much curved medially, Long., 4°25; lat., 1:5; long. of aperture, 1-5. Locality.—Shell-sand, Holdfast Bay (R. Tate, one ex.); Frederick Henry Bay, Tasmania (W. ZL. May /); Port Stephens, N.S.W. (Aust. Mus. !). Not much unlike Z#. commensalis, but the whorls are much flatter and the aperture of a different shape. From figures and description this shell has an analogue in the European 4#. wmcurva, but the aperture appears to be proportionately less elon-. gate in the Australian shell. 2. Petterdi:, Beddome, must be a near ally ; it is diagnosed as follows :—“ Shining white, curved ; apex rounded; whorls 10; aperture narrowly pyriform; lip scarcely reflected ; columella straight. Long., 4; lat., 1; apert., ls Es FAMILY PYRAMIDELLID Ai. Genus EULIMELLA. Of the diagnostically-known Australian species of this genus, five species are recorded from North Australia in the “ Challenger Mollusca,” and two others from New South Wales — Z. moniliformis, Hedley, and #, pulchra, Brazier. In South Aus- tralian waters there occur two species, viz. :— 1. E. moniliformis, Hediey, P.L.S., N.S. W., 1891, p. 247, t. 19, figs. 1-3. Holdfast Bay, in shell-sand (2.7. ). 83 2. E. trieineta, sp. nov. Pl. iv., fig. 4. Shell small, elongately conical, pellucid-white ; apex hetero- strophe. Spire- whorls six, somewhat convex, the anterior whorl margining the suture, sculptured by three engraved spiral lines, one median and one near to each suture. Last whorl regularly convex and moderately attenuated at the base. Aperture pyri- form ; outer lip straight and thin ; columella arched, there is no indication of a plait or tooth. Length, 5:5; breadth, 1:75 mm. Has somewhat the aspect of Syrnola jueunda, but apart from the different generic characters, the shell is narrower and the last whorl proportionately much longer. Localities.—Streaky and Fowler Bays, in shell-sand (£. 7. ). GENUS ODONTOSTOMIA. 1. Odontostomia (Syrnola) infrasuleata, sp. nov. Pl. iv., fig. 5. Shell narrow-lanceolate, about four times as long as wide, shining, white, feebly striated in an axial direction. Apex heterostrophe. Spire-whorls nine, flat, suture linear. Body- whorl imperforate, subangulate at the periphery, below which are about six revolving incised lines, the posterior one a little in front of the posterior angle of the aperture. Aperture narrow-oval ; columella-plait very prominent, in front of which the inner lip is effusively expanded, and its margin reflected; outer lip not ribbed within. A specimen in Dr. Verco’s collection has two sulci on the last whorl above the periphery, one of which is continued submedially on the spire-whorls. Length, 11; breadth, 3-5 mm. Localities—Holdfast Bay, St. Vincent Gulf, and Wauraultie, Spencer Gulf, in shell-sand (&.7.). Dredged off Rapid Head in 10 to 12 fathoms by Dr. Verco. A finities.—This new species is conspicuous by its elongate-oval aperture, effuse at the front and the sulci on the base of the body-whorl. It seems to have no near ally among figured species, though M S. gracillima is a micromorph of it as regards wy shape. Ne | Supplemental Note. — The annexed figure of A aN O. (Syrnola) Jonesiana, described in Part I of the m4 present volume, p. 70, is added for comparison with Yy the present species, between which there are great resemblances. 84 2. Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) Mayii, sp. nov. PI. iv., fig. 6 Shell conoidally turreted, relatively solid, dull white. Whorls five (excl. the heterostrophe apex), separated by a deeply and broadly channelled suture; ornamented by rounded obliquely axial ribs wider than the interspaces, which are not visibly sculptured. Last whorl with about 20 axial ribs, which terminate at a spiral groove on the periphery; base somewhat flattened and radially ridged, defined by a spiral rib, which margins the peripheral groove. Aperture oval, outer and inner margins joined by a callus, columella-plait stout, almost parietal. Length, 2°5; breadth, 1-0 mm. Localities.— D’Entrecastreaux Channel, Tasmania, whence type-specimen in my collection received from Mr. W. T. May, after whom the species is named. Remarks.—There are several European species of this type of ornamentation presented by 0. Mayzi, such as O. turbonilloides, and one Australian species, O. Hennt, Brazier. From the latter this new species differs (judging by description and figure) by its channelled suture, oblique and stout ribs, and ribbed base. Genus TURBONILLA. Turbonilla erubesecens, 7'ate. 1877. Hlusa bifasciata, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1876, p. 150; non Turbonilla bifasciata, A. Adams, 1861. 1877. Turbonilla festiva, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 35, t. 5, f. 4; non Folin, 1867. 1879. Turbonilla erubescens, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., iL, ps to6, t. 2, £ 10, The types which served for the definitions of the forenamed shells are from Tasmania, New South Wales, and West Australia (King George Sound). Mr. May is satisfied, as the result of comparison of authentic specimens, that the first two are one and the same; I have arrivedata likeresult in respectof the Tasmanian and West Australian shells. At the time of my definition of T. erubescens, my knowledge of 7. festiva was restricted to the published description and figure; but now, with actual specimens before me, I find that the alleged differences prove to be invalid. The question remains as to which of the three names should be employed; as indicated in the above synonymic schedule bifasciata and festiva have prior use in the genus over their Australian applications, this leaves erubescens free to be employed. The species is also known to me from South Australia and Victoria. 85 Turbonilla Beddomei, Petterd, sp. 1884. Chemnitzia Beddomei, Petterd, Jour. Conch., p. 136. 1892. Turbonilla crenulifera, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Aust., xv., p 126, t. 1, f. 2. . The specimens, attributed to Petterd’s species, given me by Mr. May, leave no doubt of the identity of my shell therewith, though the diagnosis of the Tasmanian shell does not refer to the tendency of decresence of the costz on the anterior aspect of the whorls, and to crenulation at the posterior suture. So far as known to me, the species is restricted to South Australia and Tasmania. “ Turbonilla varicifera, Zate, 1898, Pl. iv., fig. 7. Shell elongate turreted, about four times as long as broad usually of a chestnut-brown colour, with the varices mottled with white, but various shades passing to white occur. Spire-whorls twelve in a length of fifteen millimetres, tipped by a heterostrophe protoconch ; flatly convex, but separated by a well-defined suture ; ornamented by close-set, slightly oblique, rounded, axial ribs, separated by much narrower interspaces, here and there two or more cost are confluent to form a broad varix ; the whole surface is crossed by incised spiral lines increasing to about fifteen on the penultimate whorl of a large specimen. Last whorl with axial coste, about twenty, evanescent at the regularly rounded periphery ; base spirally linear-sulcate ; aperture oblong, columella with an obscure spiral plication. Long., 15 mm. ; lat., 4:00 mm. " 91 to stand :—H. sphenophora, Turn.; H. chlorometis, Meyr.; H. hyalota, Meyr.; H. cyanura, Meyr.; H. antitheta, Meyr.; 4H. humeralis, Butl.; H. eschatias, Meyr. ; H. trigonophora, Turn. There are three of Meyrick’s species, concerning which, from lack of material, J am unable to form an opinion :—Hydrusa paraula, Meyr.; H. anepsia, Meyr. ; H. macroplaca, Meyr. In determining the species, the wing markings are of little value in most instances, as they are both very similar in different species, and variable in the same species. I have followed Meyrick in assuming a normal five spots on the forewings in each instance. A connecting spot between the fourth and fifth is sometimes present. Its full development, so as to unite these two into one large spot, is an important character, but its partial development is valueless, as a small spot in this region is frequently present, or completely absent, in one and the same species. | Occasionally the first and third spots are partially confluent as an abnormal variety, but I have never seen them completely merged except in H. ecliptis and H. lampetis, where they are combined. The white apices to the antennz of some species is a valuable character, also the presence or absence of yellow or orange spots on the thorax. The thorax is, however, frequently rubbed in imperfect or badly-pinned specimens. The presence or absence of orange on the posterior abdominal segments also furnishes good characters, though a slight extent of variation must here be allowed for.’ | I have given a complete list of the known Australian species of this family, and have incorporated the localities given in Meyrick’s paper. But the section of the Hydrusa with black anal segments still remains in an unsatisfactory condition ; Hf, leucacma, Meyr., is a well-defined species ; for the discrimina- tion of the other forms new series of specimens are required. In Plate V., which is reproduced from a photograph, figures 1 to 6 inclusive and 8 are varieties of H. ayerta, Walk.; 7. H trigonophora, n. sp.; 9. H. lewcacma, Meyr.; 10. H. orphnea, n. sp.; 11... ecliptis, Meyr.; 12. H. lampetis, n. sp.; 13. Hf. phepsalotis, Meyr.; 14. H. pyrrhodera, Meyr. AGAPHTHORA, Meyrick. AGAPHTHORA MELANORA, Meyr. I know of only the type specimens in the Macleay Museum» which are from Cape York, Queensland. AGAPHTHORA SPHENODES, MVeyr. Cairns, Queensland ; Macleay and Queensland Museums. SYNTOMIS, Ochsenheimer. Tongue well developed. Antenne in male simple, without serrations, with very short even ciliations (+). Palpi short, 92 porrected, loosely scaled. Spurs very short. Forewings with 2 from about 2, 4 and 5 approximated at base, 7 out. of 8 below 10; 9, 10, and 11 out of 8. Hindwings with vein 4 absent, 3 and 5 separate at base, 6 absent. The neuration resembles Choromeles, Meyr., but the antennz: are non-pectinated. SYNTOMIS ANGUSTIPENNA, Lucas. Hydrusa angustipenna, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1889.. Male and female, 23-27 mm. Head and face black, collar orange. Antenne wholly black. Thorax black. Abdomen orange, bases of segments broadly black, two apical segments and anal tuft wholly black. Forewings blackish, spots rather small, semi-transparent, dull orange ; basal spot absent ; second wedge- shaped, with apex obtuse, anterior; third trapezoidal or triangu-: lar ; fourth elongate, sometimes surmounted by a small dot ; connecting spot absent; fifth roundish, fairly evenly bisected. Hindwings black with a roundish basal orange spot. In the females the spots are rather larger than in the males. Brisbane. HYDRUSA, Walker. TABULATION OF SPECIES. 1, Abdomen wholly orange _... rh bud ... xvanthosoma. Abdomen not wholly orange ; are ie 2. Forewings wholly black without spots ixé ae 3 Forewings with spots present bee sf Led + 3. Anal tuft black 8 ae ts site ih bicolor Anal tuft orange... Le ns .. eschatias 4, Forewings with spots colourless ‘ ae : Forewings with spots more or less orange bare nel 6 5. Thorax with orange spots... ‘ rr ... pyrrhodera: Thorax wholly black % hyalota 6. Connecting spot between fourth and fifth completely developed (as long as fifth) Connecting spot absent or only partially developed (less than half fifth) ... a 11 7. First and third spots wholly confluent Aas aie 8 First and third spots separate ss 9 8. Spots large, those of hindwings wholly confluent is ecliptis Spots small, those of hindwings ara only e ... _ lampetis 9. Patagia partly yellowish 2 .- chlorometis Patagia wholly black ae Ms ie ne 10 10. Antenne with apex white ... a se art stelotis Antenne wholly black by ... sphenophora 11. Abdomen with last two or three segments wholly black 12 Abdomen with last two or three i ae not wholly black... 14 12. Abdomen wholly black beneath, or with only a few orange scales... a cyanura Abdomen with orange markings beneath wih fe 13 — 93 13. Hindwings with basal spot obsolete ... leucacma Hindwings with basal spot well developed antitheta paraula anepsia macroplaca 14. Antennz with apex white 15 Antenne wholly black 16 15. Spots small, opaque, deep orange phepsalotis Spots moderate, semitransparent annulata 16. Abdomen hairy i EM 17 Abdomen smooth-scaled 18 17. Thorax with yellowish markings recedens Thorax wholly black a orphnea 18. Patagia orange humeralis Patagia black rsd 19 19. Distal spot of hindwings triangular, touching | basal spot on median vein - . trigonophora Distal spot of hindwings roundish... e fe aperta HyprRusa XANTHOSOMA, 7. Sp. Male, 25-28 mm. Antennal pectinations well marked, 14. Veins 3 and 5 of hindwings closely approximated at base. Head and face orange. Antenne fuscous, irrorated dorsally with orange scales. Thorax orange. Abdomen orange without black markings, tuft orange with a few lateral fuscous hairs. Legs orange, anterior and middle tarsi fuscous. Forewings blackish, with confluent orange spots ; first spot, small, roundish ; second, wedge-shaped; an additional orange streak separated by blackish vein from second spot, and by a narrow black line from costa ; third, elongate prolonged upwards and inwards, separated from second only by median vein ; fourth, elongate, surmounted by an additional spot; fifth, bisected by a black vein into two equal elongate segments ; an ‘elongate connecting spot developed between fourth and fifth ; and another between fifth and third ; these confluent spots leave two small black areas, first beyond second spot, sometimes confluent with costal and anal black areas ; second separating first and third spots. Hindwings orange, hindmargin broadly but irregularly blackish, a small black dot below middle of costa. Varietres.—The extent of orange suffusion relatively to black ground color varies. The connecting spot between fourth and fifth, usually well developed, may be completely absent. A very distinct species, remarkable for the absence of black rings on abdomen, and the unusually developed confluent orange markings on wings. Barrier Range, North-West Australia; some half-dozen specimens, all males (Coll. Macleay), one of which is now in my collection. H 94 Hyprusa eEcuiptis, Meyr. Pl. v., fig. 11. Brisbane. Onespecimen taken by Mr. Illidge. This exactly corresponds with the types in the Macleay collection, which are from Cooktown. HypRusA LAMPETIS, 7. sp. PI. v., fig. 12. Female, 35 mm. MHead and face reddish-orange, with a broad black line between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax wholly black. Abdomen orange, bases of segments black; two terminal segments wholly black, except anal hairs; beneath wholly black. Forewings dull-blackish fuscous, with a brilliant purple lustre in oblique light; spots small, pale-duli-orange, reddish-tinged, semi-transparent ; first coalescing with third to form an elongated oblong spot of moderate size; second small, wedge-shaped ; fourth elongate, connected with fifth by an equally large additional spot; fifth bisected unequally, upper seg- ment elongated, lower sub-triangular. Hindwings dull-blackish- fuscous with purple lustre ; spots pale-orange, semi-transparent ; basal spot small, bisecting vein not black; second very small, triangular, touching first. It is possible that this may be an extreme variety of H. ecliptis. The present species is distinguished by the much smaller spots and by the distal spot of hindwing not being completely merged with basal spot. Bowen, Queensland; one specimen (Coll. Queensland Museum). HyDRUSA SPHENOPHORA, 7%. sp. Maleand female, 31-36 mm. Headand face orange, witha narrow black line between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black, with a conspicuous posterior orange spot. Abdomen orange, base of segments narrowly fuscous above, more markedly so beneath, apical segment blackish-fuscous, tuft orange. Fore- wings black with greenish-iridescence, spots moderate or rather large, pale-dull-orange, opaque; first subquadrate, broadly separate from third ; second wedge-shaped, apex anterior, obtuse; third irregular oblong, prolonged upwards anteriorly, where it is separated from second only by vein; fourth connected by an additional spot with fifth, the whole forming a broad wedge with apex downwards, separated by veins into four segments, decreas- ing in size from above downwards, upper three elongate, lowest triangular. Hindwings with spots same colour as forewings, large and confluent ; leaving an irregular black line along hind- margin, thickest at apex, toothed below middle; and a black spot below middle of costa. Allied to H. ecliptis and H. stelotis. From the former distin- guished by separation of first and third spots, from the latter by CO ee 95 black-tipped antenne, large and confluent spots of hindwings, &c., but more material is necessary to satisfactorily determine the limits of variation of these species. Barrier Range, North-West Australia ; two specimens (Coll. Macleay). HyYDRUSA CHLOROMETIS, Meyr. I have not seen a type of this species, but from the description it appears to be very distinct, belonging to the group in which con- necting spot between fourth and fifth is fully developed, and characterised by the ochreous-yellow spots on patagia and thorax. The type specimen was taken by Mr. Meyrick at Glen Innes, New South Wales, in December. HyDRUSA STELOTIS, Meyr. I have only seen the types, which appear very distinct. Cooktown (Macleay Museum). HyDRUSA PYRRHODERA Meyr. PI. v., fig. 14. Thursday Island, Cape York, Cooktown, and Cairns, Queens- land. The Queensland Museum contains a large series from the last-named locality. _Hyprusa Hyatota, Meyr. Cape York, Queensland ; one specimen each in the Macleay collection and that of the Queensland Museum. Fresh specimens are required to establish with certainty its distinctness from the preceding. Hyprusa LEucAcMA, Meyr. PI. v., fig. 9. There are five male specimens of this species in Coll. Lucas. It closely resembles some forms of the following species in the fore- wings and thorax ; but may be readily distinguished by the obsolescence of basal spot of hindwings, and complete blackness of three apical abdominal segments including anal tuft. There are five orange markings on dorsal surface of abdomen of male. Cairns, Queensland. Hyprusa APERTA, Walk. PI. v., figs. 1-6 and 8. Syntomis aperta, Walk., Suppl. 72, Meyr., l.c., 134.; Hydrusa pyrocoma, Meyr., 127; H. synedra, Meyr., 128; H. hesperitis, Meyr., 129; H. mochlotis, Meyr., 132; H. nesothetis, Meyr., 133. The distinguishing features of this species are the large size, 33- 48 mm. (but dwarfed specimens also occur), the black antennz, the broadly orange head, the conspicuous yellow posterior thoracic spot, the seven orange bars on the abdomen of male, six in female (the last two of these may be reduced in size, or nearly obsolete), the very elongate fourth spot of forewings, and the well-developed basal spot of hindwings. 96 Varieties.—The wing-markings are extremely variable. The sexes are usually easily distinguishable, the males being broader- winged, with smaller and more widely separate spots; in the females the spots are usually larger, more closely approximated (rarely tending to coalesce), and supernumerary spots are often present. To enter into details — The fourth spot is sometimes surmounted by a small extra spot, The connecting spot between fourth and fifth may be entirely absent, or rudimentary, or well- developed, about half-length or less of upper segment of fifth spot. A small spot resting on second spot is rarely present in the male, frequently in the female. Very rarely first and third spots are partially confluent (one specimen). In hindwings distal spot may be small (especially in males), with upper segment small or absent, or large (especially in females), with upper segment well developed. In the abdomen the orange on the dorsal surface of penultimate and ante-penultimate seyments may be reduced to small central dots. Beneath the two ante-apical segments may have the orange fairly well-marked, reduced to a few scattered scales or absent. The anal tuft is always orange. After careful comparison with the types in the Macleay and Australian Museums, I believe that all Meyrick’s names given above are synomyms for one variable species. All the forms occur commonly about Brisbane. At the same time I would freely acknowledge, that if my material had been restricted to Mr. Meyrick’s types, I should have regarded them as separate species as he has done. With regard to Syntomis aperta, Walk., I have felt consider- able difficulty. Walker’s description of the wings I cannot understand, but he says “ scutellum” is yellow, which is suggestive of this species. Meyrick describes the thorax as black, but this, I believe, after examining them, to have been due to his types being rubbed. That in Dr. Lucas’ collection has a conspicuous posterior yellow spot. Mr. Meyrick describes the antenne as white at apex, but I cannot help regarding this as an error. Careful inspection of the types named by him aperta in the Macleay, Australian Museum, and Lucas’ collections shows no more than a doubtful paleness of the terminal joint in one instance, due to loss of scales. These types appear to me to be certainly referable to the common Brisbane species. If my conclusions be correct, the species has a wide range from the extreme north of Queensland to South Australia. It is very common in the neighbourhood of Brisbane. Mr. R. Illidge finds the larve in his garden feeding on various weeds and decaying leaves and fruit they are densely clothed with brown hairs. 97 HyYDRUSA TRIGONOPHORA, 7. sp. PI. v., fig. 7. Male and female, 25-35 mm. It differs from H. aperta, Walk., in the smaller size, in the distal spot of hindwings triangular, instead of roundish, the apex of triangle touching basal spot on median vein, and in tuft of male being black laterally. At first, I regarded it as a variety of the preceding; but have now five specimens taken at Brisbane and Stradbrooke Island, and have seen many others, all of which show the differences to be constant. Hyprusa cyanura, Meyr. _ One specimen (Coll. Lucas); said to be from Thursday Island, Queensland. There is a second specimen in this collection. HyprvusaA ANTITHETA, Meyr. I saw a type of this species in the Australian Museum, and it seemed to me distinct ; distinguished from H. aperta by the two apical segments being wholly black. Whether a posterior thoracic spot was present I could not decide. No trace of it is discernible, but the pin goes through where it might have been. I have received a specimen from Bundaberg, which resembles the type of H. paraula, Meyr., in the Macleay Museum. This may or may not be distinct from the foregoing. The posterior spot is very distinct. I have not seen the types of H. anepsia, Meyr., and HZ. macroplaca, Meyr., and can therefore express no opinion on these species. HypRUSA HUMERALIS, Buti. (Journ. Linn. Soc., 1876, 352). Male and female 24-30 mm. Antennal pectination in male rather long (2). Head orange, obscurely fuscous between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black with orange patagia, and a conspicuous posterior orange spot. Abdomen orange, bases of segments broadly blackish ; apical segment in male blackish, with a small dorsal orange spot, in female pale orange. Forewings blackish, spots pale orange, opaque, rather small; first, roundish or oval; second, wedge-shaped, apex anterior, obtuse; third, irregular-oblong or sub-triangular ; fourth, elongate, sometimes surmounted by an additional dot ; connecting spot absent ; fifth, roundish or oval, evenly bisected by a black vein. Hindwings black, with spots large and con- fluent, somewhat constricted at point of union. Distinguished by long antennal pectinations of male, con- fluence of spots of hindwings, and especially by the orange patagia. 98 Barrier Range, North-West Australia; two specimens (Coll. Macleay). The British Museum type is stated to be from North Australia. I have two specimens from Brisbane and Stradbrooke Island, and have seen others, which differ from the types in spots of hindwings being separate; for the present I include them in the present species. HYDRUSA ORPHNAIA, 2. Sp. Male and female 24-27 mm. Head broadly black on crown, collar yellow. Face black in male, in female mixed with ochreous. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black. Abdomen with hairy yellow scales, bases of segments black. Forewings black without iridescence, thinly scaled ; spots moderate, pale orange, semitrans- parent ; first, small, subquadrate ; second, larger, bluntly wedge- shaped ; third, nearly triangular, anterior angle produced towards second, and truncate ; fourth, elongate, surmounted by a small dot, connecting spot absent; fifth, roundish, bisected by a black vein. Hindwings, basal spot rather larger, irregularly outlined, unequally divided by a fine black vein ; distal spot well developed, upper segment nearly as large as lower. Readily distinguished by the hairy abdomen and the scantily- clothed forewings, which give the species a very distinct appearance. The black face of the male is a very marked character, but may not be constant. The male is broader winged. Ballandean, Queensland, and Tenterfield, New South Wales, three specimens in February. HyprRUSA ANNULATA, Fab. Zygaena annulata, F.ELS., 389; Syntomis annulata, Boisd. Zyg. 122, pl. vii, 8, pl. vili., 2; Hydrusa cingulata, Butl., Journ. Linn. Soc. 1876, 352 ; Hl. nigriceps, ib. 352; H. intensa, ib. 353, Meyr.’1c. 136. The earlier synomymy is taken from Meyrick’s paper. I have read Butler’s descriptions and do not find in them any tangible points of distinction. His Hydrusa intensa is recognised by Meyrick, but the point of distinction given by the latter is unten- able. I have taken every gradation from nearly complete absence to considerable development of upper section of distal spot of hindwings on the same day under circumstances which left no doubt as to specific identity. Varietves.—A very constant form in its markings. In Bris- bane the males are slightly larger and broader-winged than the females, in specimens from Ballandean and Tenterfield the dis- parity is much more marked. The anal tuft of the male, normally wholly orange, is sometimes black at the sides, as in Hi. phepsalotis. In forewings the fourth spot is rarely surmounted 99 by a small extra spot. I have one female specimen in which the first and third spots, normally widely separate, are confluent. Brisbane, Stradbrooke Island, and Moreton Bay District generally ; Ballandean, Maryborough, Rockhampton, and Cook- town, Queensland ; Tenterfield, Grafton,Sydney, and Wollongong, New South Wales ; also from Tasmania. Common and generally distributed. Hyprusa PHEPSALOTIS, Meyr. Pl. v., fig. 13. This may be distinguished best from H. annulata by the small, intensely orange spots on the wings. The anal tuft, orange, with black sides, is characteristic, but is occasionally found as a variety in the latter species, as is the obsolescence of upper part of basal spot of hindwings. Var. ethiops. In the Macleay Museum are two specimens from Sydney and Illawarra, in which the spots on the wings are extremely small. In both the distal spots of the hindwings are absent. In one the posterior spots of the forewings are absent, only three minute basal spots being present. Maryborough and Mount Tambourine, Queensland; Sydney and Illawarra, New South Wales. © HyYDRUSA RECEDENS, Lue. (Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1891.) Male, 17 mm. MHeadand face ochreous-yellow ; a few fuscous scales between antenne. Antenne black to apex. Thorax black, with some ochreous-yellow scales posteriorly, patagia fuscous or light-ochreous-yellow. Abdomen with hairy yellow scales, bases of segments black ; seven yellow markings on dorsal surface ; tuft pale-ochreous, at sides fuscous. Forewings black, rather thinly scaled, without iridescence; spots pale-ochreous, semitransparent; first and second spots quadrangular ; third triangular ; a well-developed lenticular spot between second and third ; fourth narrow-elongate, surmounted by a faint ochreous line; connecting spot indicated by a small dot; fifth spot roundish, evenly bisected. Hindwings with basal spot well developed ; distal moderate, remote, upper segment small. Immediately distinguished by its small size from all other species. It appears to be variable; the colour of the patagia differs in the two specimens. The lenticular spot between second and third spots would be a good character if constant. In the hairy abdomen it differs from all except H. orphnea. Duaringa, Queensland. Hyprusa ESCHATIAS, Meyr. I have only seen the type in the Macleay Museum. The locality is unknown. 100 Hyprusa BIcoLor, Walk. Euchromia (Hydrusa) bicolor, Walk., Bomb. 255, Butl. Il. Het. I. 19, pl. ix. Mydrusa bicolor, Meyr., |.c., 139. Cairns, Queensland, apparently common (Macleay and Queens- laud Museums). Mr. R. Illidge has taken one specimen at Bris- bane. CHOROMELES, Meyrick. CHOROMELES GEOGRAPHICA, Meyr. Taken commonly about Brisbane in October and again in March. CHOROMELES STREPSIMERIS, Meyr. I have seen only the type in the Macleay Museum ; it is from Bowen, Queensland. EUCHROMIA, JZb. EUCHROMIA POLYMENA, Lin. Sphinx polymena, Lin., Syst. Nat. II., 106; Cr. 13, D.; Meyr., le, 142. North Australia; one specimen in the Macleay Museum. : EvucHROMIA IRuSs, C7. Sphinx irus, Cr., 3684; Slaucopis irvws, Boisd., Voy. Astr., V., 192; S. ganymede, Dbld. Soct. Disc., 519, Pl. III., 3; Huchromia irus, Meyr., |.c., 143. Cape York and Cookstown, Queensland. ¢ 101 A LIST OF PLANTS COLLECTED ON MT. LYND-= HURST RUN, S. AUSTRALIA. By Max Kocnu. [Read, September, 6, 1898.] This list embodies the result of my gatherings, which I under- took for the Central Agricultural Bureau, at the request of the General Secretary, Mr. A. Molineux. The classification is in accordance with the ‘ Handbook of the Flora of Extratropical South Australia.” The area worked is of comparatively small extent, not exceeding 200 square miles. The exact locality is situated about 12 miles due north from the old Yeralina Head-station, embracing a portion of the Mt. Freeling Hills in the east, the Yeralina and Twins (now called Pindalpena) Creeks in a southerly and westerly direction, and terminating at the lower portion of the George Creek in the north. Though slightly to the north of District 8., I have decided at Prof. Tate’s suggestion and in accordance with the general complexion of my collection, to move the geographic boundary, by enclosing the Mt. Freeling Hills and the surrounding elevated country in District S. The collection would not have been by far so representative, if it was not for the enthusiastic co- operation of my neighbours, Messrs. J. Langley, of the Trinity Well, and W. Langley, of Mt. Fitton mine, and I wish hereby to acknowledge their valuable help in the cause of science. The greater number of the plants had been named by Mr. J. H. Maiden, Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, through the agency of the Central Agricultural Bureau, Adelaide, while the remainder have been named, and a large number of of the whole revised, as indicated by prefixed asterisk, by Professor R. Tate, of the University of Adelaide. Being intimately associated with the rearing of stock, I have made it my business to investigate which plants are most suit- able and valuable for pasture, and notes of the economic value of each plant, as far as known to me by personal observation, are herewith given. T have also ascertained a few aboriginal names for various plants, as well as the uses they are put to by the natives, and I trust these additions to my list will be of some interest. Ranunculacee. Ranunculus parviflorus, Zimne. Good fodder. *Myosurus minimus, Linne. 102 Papaveracee. *Papaver aculeatum, Zhumb. Rare. Capparideze. *Cleome viscosa, Linne. Fodder. Crucifere. All useful fodder plants. *HKrysimum brevipes, /. v. MZ. *Erysimum Blennodia, /. v. MW. *Sisymbrium trisectum, /. v. WM. I note three forms here. My No. 221, with white flowers and linear-filiform leaves, is. probably the typical form. No. 325 resembles very much the above, but has pale-yellow flowers, and being generally found in the presence of S. nasturtiordes, it may be a hybrid. No. 328. The foliage of this form is denser, the leaves are broader, somewhat thick and succulent, and the racemes. more robust. The flowers of this form are always at the top end of the stalk, which gradually grows longer as the flowering proceeds; while in Nos. 221 and 325 the flowering begins at the bottom end of the raceme, which only shows buds at the top-end. *Sisymbrium nasturtioides, 7. v. Mf. ‘‘ Mustard-bush.” *Sisymbrium procumbens, Zate. Rare. *Stenopetalum lineare, &. Brown. Aboriginal name, Warcoontoo. An article of food for the natives. *Alyssum minimum, Pallas. *Menkea australis, Lehm. Menkea australis, Lehm. My No. 326 is a variety differing from the typical form by the paucity of foliage. It is quite prostrate, racemes are filiform, flowers white, more minute than with J. australis, and the fruits somewhat narrower at the apex, and slightly wrinkled. Capsella cochlearina, F. v. I. Capsella ochrantha, F. v. MW. *Lepidium phlebopetalum, fv. M. “Cress.” *Lepidium papillosum, /. v. MW “Cress.” Aboriginal name, Nalaka. The seeds are eaten by the natives. *Lepidium ruderale, Linne. Three forms are noticed here. My No. 272 is a stout herb, with radical, deeply-lobed glabrous leaves, flowers in short corymbose racemes, pods _ half-line long. No. 324. Leaves glabrous and lobed, flowers in long racemes, pods half-line long. No. 388. Stems and leaves slightly hairy, lower leaves lobed, upper ones entire, pods 14 line long. 103 Frankeniacez2. *Frankenia levis, Zinne. Useless for fodder. Two forms I have noticed, one with ovate leaves, the other with linear leaves. Pittosporez. Pittosporum phillyreoides, De Can. ‘‘Apricot-tree.” An orna- mental tree; the foliage is eaten by cattle. Aboriginal name, Madroo. The seeds are eaten by the natives. *Bursaria spinosa, Cav. ‘‘ Boxbush.” Collected by Mr. Langley near Mt. Livingstone. Rutacee. *Eriostemon difformis, Cunn., var. teretifolius. Collected by Mr. Langley near Mt. Livingstone. Zygophyliez. *Tribulus hystrix, &. Br. Fodder. Aboriginal name, Koola. Though some species of Zygophyllum are said to be injurious to stock, I have no evidence to that effect, but I noted stock feed freely of them. *Zygophyllum apiculatum, /. v. M. Fodder. Collected by J. Langley, Trinity Well. *Zygophyllum fruticulosum, De Can. Useful fodder. Aboriginal name, Medeewurta ; an article of food for the natives. Zygophyllum ammophilum, /. v. MW. Zygophyllum Billardieri, De. Can. *Zygophyllum prismatothecum, /. v. J. *Zygophyllum Howittii, /. v. IW. Collector, J. Langley. *Zygophyllum iodocarpum, /’. v. M. Suspected of being injurious. *Zygophyllum glaucescens, /. v. M. Usefulfodder. Aborignal name, WVilday. An article of food for natives. Geraniacez. Erodium cygnorum, WVees. Valuable fodder. Aboriginal names, Yarpee, Windoo, Wuntooka. The herb is largely eaten by the natives. Oxalis corniculata, Zinne. Soursobs. Fodder; eaten by the aborigines. Sapindacez. Heterodendron oleaefolium, Dés/. The foliage of this tree is greatly relished both by cattle and sheep. Aboriginal name, Mindra, the seed of which forms an article of food for the natives. *Dodonza-viscosa, Linne. “ Hopbush.” Dodonea viscosa, variety, angustifolia. *Dodonea lobulata, F. v. M@. ‘Hopbush.’ All three collected by W. Langley at the Daly and Stanley mine. 104 Dodonea microzyga, . v. M. “ Red Hopbush.” All the above Dodonzas are cropped by sheep. Phytolaccee. *Codonocarpus pyramidalis, # v. M. ‘ Poplar tree.” Malvacee2. All more or less useful for fodder. Sida corrugata, Lindl. Sida virgata, Hooker. Aboriginal names, »Watteeworroo and Burdaddee. Abutilon Mitchelli, Bentham. Ornamental. Aboriginal name, Yarreedee. * Abutilon oxycarpum, 7. v. M. Abutilon Fraseri, Hooker. *Lavatera plebeia, Sims. A valuable fodder plant, also orna- mental. Aboriginal names, Wirpa, Koornma, and Wurnma. The roots (apara) of young plants are eaten by the natives. Malvastrum spicatum, A. Gray. Useful fodder. *Hibiscus brachysiphonius, 7. v. WZ. Rare. *Gossypium Sturtii, /. v. W@. A very ornamental shrub. Tiliacez. *Corchorus longipes, Zate, n. sp. Fodder. Euphorbiacee. *EKuphorbia erythrantha, /. v. M. Fodder. Euphorbia Drummondii, Boiss. Fodder. Euphorbia eremophila, Cunn. Fodder. These herbs are looked upon with suspicion as poisonous, but reliable proofs are wanting. *Phyllanthus rhytidospermus!? /. v. M. Rare. Phyllanthus lacunarius, /.v. UW. *Phyllanthus trachyspermus, J Hooker. Collector, W. Langley The same as the Mount Parry plant, which was wrongly attributed to P. Gunn. [R.T. *Beyeria opaca, /. v. M. Collected by W. Langley. Portulacee. All these herbs are eaten by stock. Portulaca oleracea, Zinne. Good fodder; Aboriginal name, Monyeroo. The leaves and seeds are an article of food for the aborigines. Claytonia Balonnensis, fv. M.? Aboriginal name, Parakilya. *Claytonia pumila, /. v. M. The only previous record for South Australia is ‘‘near Macdonnell Range, C. Giles.” *Olaytonia volubilis, /. v. M. Though described to have 8 to 10 stamens, I often found 18 or 20. 105 Caryophyllez. *Spergularia rubra, Camb. It occurs in two forms, one is prostrate, the other erect ; fodder. Polygonacez2. Muehlenbeckia Cunninghamii, 7. v. WZ. Fodder. “ Lignum” ; Aboriginal name, Burdinga. Chenopodiaceze. Comprising the most important and widely distributed fodder-plants of the district. Atriplex stipitatum, Bentham. Atriplex nummularium, Lindl. ‘Old - man Saltbush” ; aboriginal name, WV2lpena. Atriplex vesicarium, Hew. Bladder saltbush. This is the most valuable saltbush of all. A variety has been noted by me in the Mt. Freeling Hills, which resembles the typic form in habit and foliage, but the fruits show only the inner herbaceous valves, while the bladder-like appendages are either wanting or very minute. Aboriginal names, Billacurroo, Dandayree. Atriplex velutinellum, # v. M@. Collector, J. Langley. Atriplex fissivalve, F. v. I. *Atriplex angulatum, Bentham. I notice a variety differing in habit, form of foliage, and fruits. The latter consist of two thin three-angled valves with either one or two small hornlike dorsal appendages, which, however, are not unusual. Atriplex leptocarpum, J. v. J. * Atriplex limbatum, Benth. ‘Spreading Saltbush.” Atriplex halimoides, Zindl. About four varieties have been noticed by me, the chief difference is in the shape of fruits. Aboriginal name, Maltoo, which seems to be also employed for several other annual saltbushes. *Atriplex holocarpum, F. v. YZ. Annual or Pop-saltbush, so called on account of the popping noise the fruits produce when trod upon. Aboriginal name, Jaltoo. Several varieties of this species has been noticed by me. (a). Stems robust fruits large, nearly globular and spongy, This is the typic form. (6). Foliage much crowded and very watery ; fruits ovoid, somewhat acuminate. Stems herbaceous. This is the spongiosa-form of F. v. Mueller. (c).-Stems rather rigid, woody and brittle ; fruits obovate, intermediate in shape, but with a hard and shining epiderm. Atriplex Kochianum, Maiden. Stems erect, angular, woody, and brittle. Leaves very angular, whereby it can be easily 106 distinguished from A vesicariwm, to which it is allied. Fruits have two large, thick, nearly basal ovate-lanceolate appendages. Rhagodia spinescens, &. Br. Useful fodder. Spinescent only ’ when very old, or in adverse seasons. Aboriginal name, Yillaroo., Rhagodia nutans, &. Br. Good fodder. *Chenopodium nitrariaceum, /. v. MM. Chenopodium auricomum, Lindl. Good fodder. Chenopodium cristatum, /. v. M. Fodder. Enchylena tomentosa, &. brown. Fodder. Aboriginal name, Burlahmee. These fruits are an article of food for the natives. *Threlkeldia proceriflora, Fv. IW. Kochia lobiflora, # v. WZ Rare. Kochia brevifolia, 2. Brown.’ ‘ Bluebush.” Kochia pyramidata, Lenth. ‘ Bluebush.” Aboriginal names, Ooneroo and Koonambirra. Kochia eriantha, /. v. Wf. Rare. *Kochia spongiocarpa, 7. v. M. “ Bluebush.” Kochia villosa, Lindl. ‘‘Cotton-bush.” Four forms have been noticed here ; the difference is principally in the more or less dense woolliness of stems and foliage, size of fruits, and habit of growth of the plants. Kochia sedifolia, 7. v. WZ. ‘ Bluebush.” Kochia aphylla, &. Br. ‘ Cottonbush.” Valuable fodder, often spinescent. Aboriginal names, Bulka and Poondoo-poondoo. Kochia ciliata, # v. M. Aboriginal name, Moodlee. Kochia brachyptera, /. v. M. *Bassia Dallachyana, Lenth. Fodder, but injurious to sheep when in fruit, as these are densely enveloped in cottony wool, and if partaken of in quantities they will form indigestible felty balls in the entrails of sheep, which often die in consequence of them. Bassia tricornis, Bentham. Bassia biflora, /. v. J. Bassia paradoxa, /’. v. MM. Bassia lanicuspis, /. v. M. Bassia diacantha, Ff. v. WW. *Bassia uniflora, /. v. WW. Bassia bicornis, /. v. JZ. Bassia eriochiton, ate. *Bassia quinquecuspis, /’. v. WM. Aboriginal name, Yate. * Bassia divaricata, / v. WM. Aboriginal name, Yalkirray Bassia bicuspis, /. v. I. *Bassia Tatei, /. v. JZ. 107 All the Bassias, especially in the earlier stages of growth, provide palatable and succulent fodder for stock; and, although the spiny nature of the fruits of some of them is objectionable in wool, the pastoralist of the Far North should not condemn these plants on that account, because these spiny fruits are the very safeguards against eradication of a most useful class of fodder-plants. Babbagia dipterocarpa, F. v. MW. *Babbagia acroptera, F. v. DW. and Tate. *Babbagia pentaptera, /. v. IW. and Tate. *Salicornia arbuscula, &. Brown. Aboriginal name, Tarapoolia. Salsola Kali, Zinne. ‘“ Roley-Poley.” Aboriginal name, Yilka. Very useful fodder. Amaprantacee. Euxolus Mitchelli, / v. W Fodder. e Euxolus interruptus, Miguel. Rare. The first record for South Australia. Ptilotus obovatus, /. v. WM. Good fodder. Ptilotus exaltatus, Vees. Ornamental. Collector, Mr. Langley. *Ptilotus nobilis, /. v. MZ. Ornamental. Good fodder. Aboriginal name, Anemaheewurta. *Alternanthera triandra, Lam. Good fodder. Nyctaginee. *Boerhaavia repanda, Willd. Collected by W. Langley at Mt. Fitton. — Boerhaavia diffusa, Zinne. Good fodder. Two forms are noted here, which the aborigines also seem to distinguish. No. 65, Stemsand leaves hairy; aboriginal name, Zawo. No. 66, Stems and leaves glabrous; aboriginal name, Padloo. The natives eat the roots of these herbs, which they call Murra. Urticacee. Parietaria debilis, A. Forster. Good fodder. Casuarinee. Casuarina glauea, Sieb. ‘“ Blackoak.” The foliage is a valuable fodder. Aboriginal name, Alkoo. Legzuminose. *Daviesia genistifolia, Cunn. Collected near Yudnamuttena by Mr. W. Langley. Templetenia retusa, f. Brown. Collected by Mr. H. L. Hughes, of Umberatena. Templetonia egena, Benth. ‘ Broombush.” Aboriginal names, Atara and Binyee. 108 *Goodia medicaginea, Salisb. Collected by Mr. W. Langley near Mt. Livingstone. [*Crotalaria Cunninghamii, &. Br. Not eaten by stock. ‘“‘ Hacks’ Bean, Parrot-plant,” ornamental. Introduced by me into the district. | * /Aischynomene indica, Zinne. Rare. *Indigofera australis, Willd. *Indigofera brevidens, Bentham. Both collected by Mr. W. Langley at Mt. Livingstone. Clianthus Dampieri, Cunn. Good fodder; perhaps the most ornamental plant in the North. Aboriginal names, Ngarabana and Minyee-minyeelparry. *Swainsonia phacoides, Benth. *Swainsonia campylantha, /. v. UW. *Swainsonia stipularis, #. v. MW. *Swainsonia oroboides, # v. M. These Swainsonias, or Vetches, yield fattening fodder, and as far as can be ascertained are not injurious to stock. *Psoralea patens, Lindl. Fodder. Trigonella suavissima, Zind/. Good fodder. ‘‘ Scented clover.” Aboriginal names, Walpurla, Kanba, Kadumma, and Columba. The latter name is from Innamincka blacks. Lotus australis, Andrews, var. Behrianus. A variety with white flowers has been noticed here. ‘‘ Poison-weed.” Mr. H. L. Hughes, an experienced man with stock, informs me that this weed is very dangerous to sheep, especially when in fruit. It affects sheep most when they partake of it in quantities on an empty stomach, or when they are kept in a yard after feeding freely of the herb. The symptoms are a drooping of the ears of the sheep, which soon become drowsy and stupid ; their stomachs are getting distended, and at last they lie down and die. Sheep, when grazing in a paddock, rarely die from the’ herb, because they feed on other herbage as well. In the event of a flock being driven over a patch where the herb grows thickly, the best plan is to take them from it, and to let them go. Do not yard them under any circumstances, and should symptoms of poisoning appear after yarding, turn the sheep out on feed as quickly as possible. Bleeding will often save a sheep. *Glycine tabacina, Benth. Fodder. Rhynchosia minima, De Can. Fodder. ; *Cassia pruinosa, /’.v. M. ‘ *Cassia desolata, /’.v. WZ. , Cassia Sturtii, R. Brown. Cassia artemisioides, Gaudichaud. *Cassia eremophila, Cunn. 109 *Cassia phyllodinea, &. Brown. All these Cassias are ornamental, the foliage and the pods are eaten by sheep. Aboriginal names, Bundey and Wammalleroo. The seed used to form an article of food for the natives. *Petalostylis labicheoides, R. br. Ornamental. Aboriginal name, Warreedee. [*Bauhinia Carronii, /. v. M. Beantree; very ornamental and shady, introduced by me from Strezelecki Creek into the district. Aboriginal name, Moodloo. | Acacia tetragonophylla, /. v. M. ‘“‘Deadfinish.” Aboriginal name, Bararrecka. *Acacia papyrocarpa, Bentham. A tree up to 20 feet high. Aboriginal name, Myall. Collected by Mr. J. Langley at Trinity Well. Acacia Sentis, P.v. M@. “Prickly Acacia.” Aboriginal name Kalyoo. *Acacia retinodes, Schlecht. ‘‘ Wattle.” Aboriginal name, Weerilda. Acacia sp. No. 9. Aboriginal names, Aroo, Kakooroo, Wurra. Blacks use the ashes of the leaves in the preparation of Pitchorree (a narcotic). * Acacia salicina, Lindl. ‘‘ Native Willow,” and variety varians. Aboriginal name, ba/koora. *Acacia iteaphylla, # v. M. (7) Material incomplete. *Acacia Osswaldi, Fv. M. “ Bastard Myall.” Aboriginal name, Whyacka. Acacia aneura, /. v. M@M. Local and aboriginal name, Mulga. - The Acacias provide useful fodder for stock, especially in adverse seasons. The foliage of A. anewra being particu- larly relished, while A. sentis is greatly patronised by the camel The timber of A. aneura is much esteemed and used for posts in preference to all others, and the bark of A. salicina is often used by bushmen for tanning skins, with good results. The seeds of some species are used by the aboriginals as an article of food, and the very hard timber of A. tetragonophylla is utilised for clubs (waddies) when the knobby roots of the Mallee are not procurable. Thymelee. Pimelea simplex, /.v.M. A seemingly useless weed, which no animal will eat. Aboriginal name, Vamala. Pimelea microcephala, &. Brown. Foliage much in request for fodder by sheep. Aboriginal name, Willparee, name of berries, Varreemahee. I 110 The aboriginals make use of this shrub and its fruits for medicinal purposes. They boil, for instance, the bark of the roots and drink the liquid for the throat and chest com- plaints, and they twist the extremely tough and fibrous bark of the roots into strings or thin cords, and tie them around their stomach or around their aching head, or other parts of the body, in order to remove the pain. Seeds when chewed are very injurious. Proteacez. *Grevillea lavandulacea, Schlecht, var. Collector, Mr. W. Langley. *Hakea Ednieana, Tate. ‘Cork-tree.” Collector, Mr. J. Langley, Trinity Well. Aboriginal name, Yantana. Hakea leucoptera, &. Br. ‘‘ Needle-bush.” Aboriginal name, Kooloova. The aboriginals when hard-pressed for a drink extract water from the running roots, called Mappa-koparee. They first burn down the bush, thus driving all the moisture into the roots, which they dig out. One end of the root is exposed to the heat of a fire, and the water trickles out from the other end into a receptacle, often consisting of a wallaby skin turned inside out. Crassulacee. *Tillea verticillaris, De Can. Ficoidee. Tetragonia expansa, Murray. ‘‘ Native Spinach.” A valuable fodder plant ; also used as a pot-herb by Europeans as well as blacks, who name the herb, Paldroo. Aizoon quadrifidum, 7. v. 1. Fodder. * Aizoon zygophylloides, /. v. M. Fodder. Also, a variety with pink sepals has been noted by me. Trianthema crystallina, Vahl. Aboriginal name, Maparee. *Zaleya decandra, Burm. Fodder. Mollugo hirta, Thunberg. Fodder. *Mollugo Cerviana, Seringe. Lythrariez. *Lythrum hyssopifolia, Zinne. Collector, Mr. W. Langley. Myrtacez. *Callistemon teretifolius, # v. MZ. Collector, Mr. W. Langley. Melaleuca glomerata, /. v. MW. ‘‘ White tea-tree.” names, Wooda, Kooda. Melaleuca, species. ‘‘ Black tea-tree.” Aboriginal names, Woota, Aboriginal Koota. Eucalyptus oleosa, /. v. M. Aboriginal name, Mallee. | Eucalyptus rostrata, Schlecht. ‘ Gumtree.” Aboriginal name, Kalpooroo ; the seed, Power, an article of food for the blacks, 111 Rhamnacee. *Cryptandra phlebophylla, F. v. WM. Near Mt. Livingstone, Mr. W. Langley. The only previous record is “ Elder’s Range, near Lake Torrens.” Santalaceze. Santalum lanceolatum, R. Br. ‘‘Cattle-bush,” ‘ Currant-tree.” Aboriginal name, Mandaworra. Ornamental. Good fodder. Blacks eat the fruits. A friend of mine asserts that on a hot summer’s day he was driving a flock of sheep in company with a black boy, and met with a tree loaded with ripe fruit. Both ate a large quantity of it and fell asleep. Awaking, they drove the sheep further on, and met with another tree ; ate some more fruit with the same result. My friend is of opinion that the berries contain narcotic properties. Santalum acuminatum, De Can. ‘“ Peach-tree.” Aboriginal name, Nakala. Both Europeans and blacks use the fruits as an article of food. Cattle will greedily eat the foliage, breaking the rather brittle branches off with their horns. Haloragee. *Loudonia aurea, Lindley. Near Yoodnamuttena Mine. *Haloragis aspera, Lindl. Fodder. Umbellifere. *Didiscus glaucifolius, 7. v. M. Fodder. Daucus brachiatus, Sieb. Fodder. ‘ Native-carrot.” *Hydrocotyle trachycarpa, /. v. 1. Cucurbitacee. Melothria maderaspatana, Congn. Aboriginal name, Willa- lillalee. Blacks eat the fruits. Loranthacee. *Loranthus linophyllus, Fenzl. Aboriginal name, Paréapee. *Loranthus pendulus, Siz). Aboriginal name, Weedla. Loranthus Quandang, Lindl. Aboriginal name, Yappee mulgatee. These mistletoes are gradually destroying all shrubby vegetation. They are, however, eaten by stock, and the berries are in demand by the natives for food. Composite. *Wedelia platyglossa, Fv. M. *Flaveria Australasica, Hooker. Fodder. *Aster pimeleoides, Cunn. Collected by W. Langley. *Dimorphocoma minutula, Fv. UW. and Tate. *Podocoma cuneifolia, &. Br. Collected by J. Langley. *Vittadinia australis, Azch. Fodder. Also a variety with narrow and entire leaves, J. H. Maiden. 112 Minuria leptophylla, De Can. Ornamental. *Minuria integerrima, Benth. *Minuria suaedifolia, Fv. WM. Calotis hispidula, Fv. M. Objectionable. Calotis cymbacantha, 7. v. M. Fodder. Calotis scabiosifolia, Sonder and Ff. v. 1. Ornamental. Calotis plumulifera, /.v. 17. Fodder. *Brachycome calocarpa, F.v. I. *Brachycome pachyptera, T’urcz. Good fodder. *Brachycome ciliaris, Less. Good fodder. Two forms have been noticed here. No. 261, stems woolly, leaves linear lobed and dense, rays blue. No. 346, stems and leaves glabrous ; leaves few, broader, with short lobes ; rays blue. *Senecio Gregorii, # v. MZ. Good fodder. *Senecio lautus, Solander. Good fodder. *Senecio magnificus, /. v. M. Not eaten by stock, butornamental. *Senecio anethifolius, Cuan. Collected by Mr. W. Langley, Yoodnamuttena. Senecio brachyglossus, /. v. MW. Fodder. *Centipeda thespidioides, F. v. M. Useless. *Stuartina Muelleri, Sonder. *Elachanthus pusillus, 7. v. MW. *Rutidosis helichrysoides, De Can. Fodder. *Pterigeron liatroides, Bentham. *Pterigeron dentatifolius, @ v. MW. *Txiolena leptolepis, Benth. Not much use. *Txiolena tomentosa, Sonder and /. v. MM. Cassinia levis, &. Br. A shrub, collected by Mr. H. L. Hughes? Umberatena. *Podolepis canescens, Cunn. Ornamental. Collected by W. Langley, Mt. Distance. Podolepis Lessoni, Bentham. Gnaphalium luteo-album, Linne. Useless. *Gnaphalium indutum, Hooker. *Gnaphalium Japonicum, 7hunberg. *Leptorrhynchos pulchellus, @ v. A. *Helipterum moschatum, Bentham. Helipterum polygalifolium, De Can. Ornamental. Helipterum strictum, Benth. Good fodder. Helipterum floribundum, De Can. Ornamental. *Helipterum pygmeum. Lenth. *Helipterum microglossum, Zate. Ornamental. *Helipterum Troedelii, /. v. M@. Slightly odoriferous. *Helichrysum podolepideum, # v. I. *Helichrysum semipapposum, De C. *Helichrysum ambiguum, Z'urez. Collected by J. Langley. a ae 113 *Polycalymma Sturtii, 7. v. I. Ornamental. *Hyalolepis rhizocephala, De C. ‘Angianthus pusillus, Bentham. *Gnephosis skirrophora, Bentham. *Gnephosis eriocarpa, Bentham. *Gnephosis cyathopappa, Bentham. *Gnaphalodes uliginosum, A. Gray. *Craspedia chrysantha, Bentham. *Craspedia pleiocephala, /. v. I. *Pterocaulon sphacelatus, Benth. and Hooker. Local name, “ Horehound.” Aboriginal name, Yunga-ywnga. The decoction of the leaves of this perennial plant is used by bushmen for colds. Others flavour their tea by putting a leaf or two in it. Campanulaceze. Isotoma petraea, F v. MW. Fodder. *W ahlenbergia gracilis, De Can. “Native Bluebell.” Ornamental. Goodeniacee. Scevola spinescens, R. Br. Fodder. Aboriginal name, Poorntoo. Blacks eat the berries. *Goodenia pinnatifida, Schlecht. Variety with linear-lanceolate leaf-segments. *Goodenia ovata, Smith. *Goodenia calearata, F. v. MW. *Goodenia glauca, J’. v. WM. *Goodenia heteromera, /. v. MW. Convolvulacee. *Ipomea heterophylla, &. Br. Aboriginal name, MWoonooroo. Natives eat the roots. *Convolvulus erubescens, Sims. Fodder. Aboriginal name, Noonyay. *Evolvulus linifolius, Zinne. Collected by W. Langley, Mt. Livingstone. Boraginee. All but of slight fodder-value. Heliotropium curassavicum, Linne. Heliotropium Europeum, Lanne. *Heliotropium tenuifolium, A. Brown. *Pollichia Zeylanica, F. v. M. Ornamental. Echinospermum concavum, F. v. MW. Eritrichium australasicum, De Can. *Cynoglossum Drummondii, Benth. Collected by W. Langley, Mt. Fitton. 114 Asclepiadez. Sarcostemma australe, R. Br. ‘ Milk-bush.” Almost extinct. Aboriginal names, Meeninya and Parde-bardettee. Bushmen use the milk to heal sores. I have often seen sheep to feed off this bush. Marsdenia Leichhardtiana, F v. WM Fodder. ‘ Native Pear.” Aboriginal name, Howla (fruit). Name of plant, Toopara. The natives eat the roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds of this plant. Gentianez. *Erythrea spicata, Pers. Fodder. Plantagine2. Plantago varia, R. Br. ‘‘ Rib-grass.” Good fodder. Solanacez. *Solanum esuriale, Zind/. Aboriginal name, Puddadee. Berries. when ripe are eaten by blacks. *Solanum chenopodium, /. v. J. *Solanum ellipticum, &. Br. Aboriginal name, Yoomeroo. Berries are edible. Lycium australe, /. v. MZ. Fodder. Aboriginal names, Beeree, Wadneree. The aboriginals eat the fruits. Datura Leichhardtii, # v. WZ As this plant is closely allied to Datura stramonium, it would be interesting to know whether it possesses the same medicinal properties as the former. Sheep will readily eat it. Nicotiana suaveolens, Lehm. “ Native tobocco.” This plant is injurious to stock. Labiate. *Mentha australis, R. Br. “ Mint,” strongly odoriferous Teucrium racemosum, #. Br. Fodder. *Prostanthera striatiflora, 7. v. M. An ornamental shrub, “ Lilac- bush.” Aboriginal name Yulpoo. Serophularinee. *Stemodia Morgania, 7. v. MZ. Collected by Mr. W. Langley near Ooloo Tank. *Limosella Curdieana, /. v. Af. Acanthacez. Justicia procumbens, Linne. Rare. Myoporinee. *Myoporum montanum, &. Br. ‘Myrtle-tree.” Aboriginal name Adloo. Fruits are eaten by blacks. Myoporum refractum, Maiden. Useless for fodder. ——— ve Oi ei 115 Eremophila scoparia, Fv. M. “ Balsambush.” Eremophila longifolia, Fv. MZ. Aboriginal name, Kooyamurra. The natives use the branches of this tree for the sacred purpose of covering their dead. *Eremophila Freelingii, Fv. M@. ‘‘ Honeysucklebush.” A white flowering form has been observed. Aboriginal name, Kaltya or halya. Eremophila oppositifolia, &. Br. Aboriginal name, Weeooka. Eremophila Brownii, /. v. MZ. Eremophila Duttonii, 7. v. M. Aboriginal name, Kaltya, halya. Eremophila maculata, #v. UM. ‘“ Emubush.” Aboriginal name, Nanyoo. Eremophila latifolia, Fv. WZ Rare. *Eremophila alternifolia, 2. Br. ‘‘ Honeysucklebush.” Aboriginal names, Kaltya, halya. The Myoporinee are more ornamental than useful, still sheep will feed on them sparingly in bad seasons, and thus prolong their existence, and I have often seen them lick up the shed corollz with avidity. Conifere. Callitris verrucosa, R. Br. ‘ Pinetree.” Collected near Mt. Livingstone by Mr. W. Langley. Amaryllidee. Crinum pedunculatum, &. br. Ornamental. *Calostemma luteum, Sims. Ornamental. Aboriginal name, Waddywurra. Liliacez. Wurmbea dioica, Fi v. M. “ Lily.” Dianella revoluta, A. Br. Bulbine bulbosa (?) Hav. Aboriginal name, Boontooka. *Thysanotus tuberosus, &. Br. Blacks eats the tubers. *Xanthcrrhoea quadrangulata, Fv. M. “ Grass-tree.” So far as the material permits of identification. Fluviales. *Triglochin calcitrapa, Hooker. Cyperacee. Cyperus rotundus, Zinne. Ornamental. This species has a cormlike root. *Cyperus vaginatus, &. Brown. Cyperus subulatus, #. Br. (2). N.B.—There is a cyperus species growing here which, hovgver, is not satisfactorily identified. It has a small 116 bulbous root, from which long filiform roots spring, at the ends of which new bulbs are formed. These small bulbs have a nut-like taste, and are eagerly dug after by the natives, who call them Kudnamurra, Ala, Yower, Tharaka, the name Yower being mostly used by Mt. Lyndhurst blacks. Cyperus laevigatus, Linne, var. Collected by Mr. J. Langley, Trinity Well. *Cyperus alterniflorus, A. Brown. *Heleocharis acuta, R. Brown. Collected by Mr. J. Langley, St. George Creek. *Scirpus litoralis, Schrader. Also collected by Mr. J. Langley at Fishponds. Walparinna Springs, near Mount Freeling. Graminee. Only a very few of this order are not fit for fodder, and those species which are most widely distributed through the district are generally considered the most useful. The aboriginals call grass and other small herbage Kania. Panicum coenicolum, F& v. M. Rare. Aboriginal names, Talghee, Allee. The seed called Power-tundra is an article of food for the blacks of the district. *Panicum divaricatissimum, &. br. Rare. *Panicum gracile, &. Br. “ Food-grass.” Aboriginal name, Talghee. Blacks eat the seeds of this species. A quickly- growing grass after a flood. *Panicum leucopheum, H. B. K. Panicum reversum, & v. M. Not sufficiently plentiful to be of value for fodder. - *Setaria viridis, Palisot. Rare. *Erianthus fulvus, Kunth. “Sugar-grass.” Aboriginal name, Aldroo. 227 half of the elytra) the larger punctures also are very sparse and without seriate arrangement. Queensland ; sent by Mr. DeVis. HYDROCHUS. The description of the Australian members of this genus are so. scattered through the literature of widely separated countries that it seems desirable to furnish some notes showing their relation to each other. I have therefore attempted to place their characters intelligibly in a tabular form, adding some remarks on some of them, and giving a detailed description of a new species. There is, however, one species that I have been unable to identify, viz., H. obscuroaneus, Fairm. I should judge from - the description that it is near H. Horni, Blackb., but it may be at once distinguished from that insect by its having a fovea in the middle of the head between the eyes as well as by the well- defined sculpture of its prothorax and the implication that the alternate interstices of itselytraarenotmore elevated than the rest. I have before me a specimen which Mr. Lea tells me that he has ascertained by comparision with the type to be H. parallelus, Macl. A. General colour dull-brown, pitchy, or obscurely eneous. B. Head not trisulcate between the eyes. C. Seriate punctures of the elytra so coarse as to leave no continuously defined interstices between some of the rows Adelaide, Blackb. *CC. Interstices between the rows of elytral punctures not obscured by the coarse- ness of the punctures. D. Alternate elytral interstices strongly carinate, in strong contrast to the others ... ... Victoriw, Blackb. DD. Alternate elytral ‘interstices not, or only feebly, more elevated than ‘the others. EK. Prothorax at base with four well- defined impressions separated by well-defined ridges a .. regularis, Blackb. EE. Base of prothorax not having four well-defined impressions. F. Clypeus much more nitid and less coarsely punctured than the rest of the head (size comparatively large) diver siceps, Blackb. FF. Clypeus punctured like the rest of the head (size very small)... Horni, Blackb. BB. Head distinctly trisulcate between the a + kas Hy, Bictoicn some = ‘ta interstices are ill defined, but it is om oe of eualonity of sculpture, the punctures not being particularly arge 228 €. Interstices between the rows of elytral punctures all well defined. D. The alternate elytral interstices csarcely more elevated than the others (size moderate). K. Prothorax narrow and strongly nar- rowed at base... .. parallelus, Blackb. EE. Prothorax wider, subquadrate, not much narrowed at base ... .. australis, Motsch. DD. The alternate elytral interstices con- spicuously elevated (size very small) interioris, Blackb. CC. Seriate punctures of elytra so coarse as to leave no continuously defined inter- stices between some of the rows . Palmerstoni, Blackb. AA, General colour pee SIP AS: green, with the legs yellow ; ... leeteviridis, Blackb. H. diversiceps, sp. nov. Tiaeaatnas brunneus, obscure cupreus, clypeo suturaque viridescentibus, genubus tarsisque plus minusve piceo-notatis ; clypeo subtiliter punctulato ; capite postice indeterminate inequali, rugulose punctulato; pro- thorace leviter transverso, postice sat angustato, indeter- minate inzquali, sat grosse subrugulose punctulato, lateribus leviter sinuatis minus arcuatis; elytris suturam lateraque versus striatis, seriatim punctulatis (serierum subsuturalium puncturis quam ceterarum minoribus), interstitiis atop vix (externis manifeste) elevatis. Long., 121.; lat., 31. On each elytron the punctures of the two rows rics to the suture are in indistinct striz, and are smaller than the punctures of the other rows. The next two rows of punctures do not run in strize; but the rest of the rows are in strizx. The seriate punctures (except those of the subsutural series) are about the same size as those of the European 7. angustatus, Mill., and are larger than those of H/. parallelus, Macl., and smaller than those of H. Adelaide, Blackb. The external interstices, beginning with that between the fourth and fifth rows of punctures, are somewhat elevated, especially near the apex. Queensland ; sent by Mr. DeVis. H. wnteriorrs, Blackb. In re-studying this insect for the purpose of tabulation, I find with regret that the type was covered with some kind of exudation (probably the normal condition of the insect), which I overlooked ; and the exudation now having, with considerable difficulty and some damage to the specimen, been removed, it appears that my description (Report of the Horn Expedition, II., p. 260) erred in respect of the sculpture, for the head, instead of being as I called it “‘ zequalis,” is trisuleate between the eyes, and the elytra should be described as “having all the alternate interstices a little more elevated than the rest, especially the fifth behind and the ninth in the middle,” instead of (as is implied in my description) “only the fifth behind and the ninth in the middle more elevated than the rest.” 229 OCHTHEBIUS. O. brisbanensis, sp. nov. Minus latus; minus nitidus; piceo- niger, vix enescens, pedibus antennisque rufescentibus ; capite prothoraceque valde inzqualibus, vix perspicue punctulatis; hoc transversim quadrato (in disco sulco longitudinali mediano, sulco oblique in parte postica utrin- que posita, et utrinque fovea antica, impresso), parte ex- planata laterali quam disci dimidium vix angustiori, lateribus fere rectis; elytris minus perspicue striatis, seriatim sat fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis sat planis, sutura elevata. Long., = 1. ; lat., 2 1. (vix). The previously described Australian Ochthebii are australis, Blackb., and novicius, Blackb. The latter is a much larger species -of considerably wider form. The former is of about the same size as the present insect, but more nitid, of a reddish-piceous -colour and of somewhat wider build. Moreover the sculpture of its head is entirely different. Looked at obliquely from the front the head (excluding the clypeus) in australis is seen as divided into -5 elevations (2 ridges on either side placed one behind the other -and a central tubercle); while the corresponding piece in the present species from the same point of view is seen as an area bearing a large deep fovea on either side of the middle the space between the foveze being comparatively narrow and elevated like -an obtuse ridge. Queensland ; near Brisbane; sent by Mr. DeVis. HYDRANA. H. evanescens, sp. nov. Ovalis ; subnitida ; obscure rufo-brunnea, capite nigricanti, prothoracis lateribus (nonnullorum exemplorum) pedibusque testaceis; capite vix perspicue, prothorace crebrius subtiliter, elytris subtiliter seriatim, punctulatis ; prothorace leviter transverso, antice parum angustato, basin versus transversim (et prope angulum anticum subrotundatim) impresso; elytris postice obtusis, subtiliter seriatim punctulatis. Long., 2 1.; lat., } 1. This pigmy is distinguished from all the other described Aus- tralian Hydrene by its minute size. From Torrensi, Blackb., and acutipennis, Fairm., it also differs by its elytra being blunt -at the apex; and from /Juridipennis, Macl., and simplicicollis, Blackb., by the much finer puncturation of its prothorax. Queensland ; sent by Mr. DeVis. CYCLONOTUM. -C. Cowleyi, sp. nov. Late ovale; minus convexum; modice nitidum ; rufum, elytris piceo-nigris; supra equaliter con- fertim subtiliter punctulatum, sed elytris puncturis minus 230 subtilibus seriatim impressis; prothorace quam longiori ut 24 ad 1 latiori, antice angustato, margine antico fortiter: bisinuato; elytris haud striatis, stria subsuturali etiam carenti. Long., 3 ].; lat., 121. This species is very much more finely and closely punctulate than C. Mastersi, Macl. The absence of a subsutural elytral stria distinguishes it from all the other described Australian Cyclonota. Queensland (Cairns); sent by Mr. Cowley. NOTOCERCYON (gen. nov. Spherididarwm). Palpi labiales breves; palpi maxillares modici, articulis 2° dilatato, 3° 4° que gracilibus inter se sat zequalibus ; labrum vix perspicuum; oculi modici; antenne ut Cercyonis : scutellum modicum triangulare; elytra pedesque ut Ceryconis ; prosternum ut Cercyonis » mesosternum sat late lanciforme planum ; corpus supra parce pubescens. This genus differs from Cercyon chiefly by the form of the mesosternum which is flat as in Meyasternwm, though not quite so wide as in that genus and much longer. It differs from. Megasternum in having the prosternum and tibiz as in Cercyon. NV. ornatum, sp. nov. Ovale, postice acuminatum ; convexum ;. parce pubescens; rufobrunneum, prothorace rufo, elytris testaceis (striis nigris, interstitiis interrupte nigro-maculatis, maculis fascias duas indeterminatas formantibus), antennarum clava nigra ; capite prothoraceque subtiliter sat sparsim punctulatis ; hoc fortiter transverso ; elytris fortiter’ striatis, striis minus perspicue punctulatis, interstitiis subtiliter punctulatis (puncturis singulis capillas singulas ferentibus) convexis ; metasterni mesosternique parte mediana planata sparsim punctulata. Long., <1. ; lat., 75 1. I met with two specimens of this insect, which are similarly coloured. The species differs from the following in its form acuminate behind, the evidently finer and sparser puncturation of its prothorax, and the much less close puncturation of the flattened surface of its meta- and mesosterna. Victoria ; Black Spur. N. (Cercyon) dorsale, Er. T met with several specimens near Hobart of an insect which agrees very well with Erichson’s description of this species, ana I have it also from several locali- ties in the Victorian Mountains. It is evidently congeneric with the species for which I have proposed the generic name Notocercyon. In colouring it presents considerable variety, the typical form (with which one of my Tasmanian examples agrees), has the piceous colour on the elytra in the form of a common 231 triangle with its base on the base of the elytra, but in most examples the piceous colour is more extended (leaving only the hinder part of the lateral margins and the apex testaceous) tillin one of my Victorian specimens the whole elytra are of dark colour with only the apex somewhat lighter than the general surface. The most marked character distinguishing this species from the preceding consists in the close puncturation of the flattened portion of its sterna. CERCYON. Up to the present time .wo genuine species of Cercyon have been recorded as Australian, viz, C. fosswm, Blackb., and (the doubtless imported) C. flavipes, Fab. I have now to record the following :— C. quisquilium, Linn. I have an example of a Cercyon (taken to the best of my recollection near Melbourne) which seems to me to be this species. Compared with the specimen in my European collection the elytral interstices certainly seem to be a little less finely punctulate, but I can find no other difference, and have little doubt the insect has been imported into Australia. PSEUDOHYDROBIUS (gen. nov. Palpicorniwm). Palpi labiales breves graciles, articulo ultimo ovali quam preecedens sublongiori ; palpi maxillares minus elongati, quam capitis (inter oculos) latitudo vix longiores, articulis ultimis 2 longitudine sat zqualibus; mentum quadratum ; labrum brevissimum sub clypeo fere abditum ; caput sat parvum ; oculi modici quam AHydrobii minus leviter granulati ; antenne 9-articulate, quam palpi maxillares sesquilongiores, articulis 1° quam 11 sublongiori subcylindrico, 2° quam 13 triplo breviori, 3-6 gracilibus gradatim brevioribus (his conjunctis quam 1" 2 gos que conjuncti vix brevioribus), 7-9 clavam formantibus (7° 8° que inter se equalibus, his conjunctis quam 11° paullo longioribus) ; prothorax trans- versus ; scutellum modicum; elytra ovalia; pedes modici sat graciles; femora compressa; tibie breviter ciliate ; tarsi modice elongati, articulis 1° perbrevi, 2° 5° que elongatis inter se equalibus; unguiculi simplices ; mesoster- num zequale (7.¢., nec carinatum nec tuberculatum) ; corpus glabrum. This genus is certainly, I think, allied to Cyclonotum, but it has the tarsi of Hydrobius, nine-jointed antenne, and the mesosternum non-carinate. Its habits, moreover, associate it with Cyclonotum rather than with the true Hydrophilides. Probably M. Lacordaire would have treated it as a distinct tribe of Palpicornes. 232 P, floricola, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis; sat convexus; nitidus ; supra brunneo-testaceus, capite prothoraceque in disco, et elytris presertim latera versus, varie infuscatis ; corpore subtus pedibusque rufo-brunneis ; capite crebre minus sub- tiliter, prothorace minus crebre magis subtiliter, elytris (striis neglectis) fere ut caput sed minus crebre, punctulatis ; elytris striatis, striarum (his apicem versus multo magis fortiter impressis) puncturis quam_ interstitiorum sat majoribus. Long., 25—24 1; lat., 131. Victoria ; on flowers near Fernshaw (Black Spur). PHYTOPHAGA. I have recently sent examples of a considerable number of the _Phytophaga that I have described to the eminent specialist Mr. M. Jacoby, of the London Entomological Society, with the request that he would favour me with information regarding any of my determinations that he might consider incorrect. He has courteously responded to this request and has pointed out the following errors (which it seems desirable to place on record) in — my work. TERILLUS. T. micans, Blackb. Mr. Jacoby informs me that this species is identical with Alitéws foveolatus, Chp., and adds the informa- tion that he also regarded it as a Terillws and that it is the species he described as 7’. porosus. I have no doubt Mr. Jacoby has conclusive reasons for this determination (provably he has seen Chapuis’ type) but it should be noted that Chapuis in his tabulation of the Zphimeites indicates as a leading character of Alititus that the lateral margins of the pronotum are perfectly straight (“tout a fait droits’) which they are most emphatically not in this insect, and in the specific description says that the tibie are the same colour ‘“ flavo ferruginie” as the antenne which they are not in any of the somewhat numerous specimens that I have seen of this insect. No doubt Dr. Chapuis incorrectly described his insect. HALTICODES. This genus (charactised by me Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1896, p. 69 Mr. Jacoby says does not appear to him to differ from Lactica Dr. Chapuis gives as one of the main distinctions of the Lacticites the presence of a deep transversal prothoracic furrow “limite de chaque cété.” In Halticodes the prothoracic furrow terminates laterally by arching round to the base; whereas I understood the expression ‘limite de chaque cdté” to indicate that the transversal furrow is cut off on either side by a longitudinal furrow at right angles to it (as in Crepidodera). I presume how- ever that this is not the case, and in that event I do not know a oe 233 any character on which Halticodes should be excluded from the- Lacticites—or separated from Lactica. My H. disparipes is very distinct specifically from the only other Lactica yet described as Australian (Z. australis, Duviv.). AULACOPHORA. A. Palmerstoni, Blackb. Mr. Jacoby informs me that this is. not distinct from A. abdominalis, Fab. MONOLEPTA. M. alpina, Blackb. Mr. Jacoby states that this is identical with M. minima, Allard, which is, I think, the only Galerucid hitherto attributed to Australia of which I have not been able to. see the description. 234 USE OF THE WEDGE BY THE NATIVES OF THE GREAT BARRIER PLAIN. By Joun Harris BROWNE. [Read October 4, 1898. ] In the years 1844 and ’d the great plain west of the Barrier Ranges, and extending northwards to the latitude of the Grey Ranges, had on it large patches of the Acacza homolophylla, the Brigalow of Western Queensland. These patches were often many square miles in area. The trees were from 8 to 1¥ feet in the stem, 5 to 8 inches in diameter, and sufficiently wide apart to enable a man to ride amongst them easily, although at a dis- tance they appeared to form a thick impervious scrub. They were of great value to the natives. First, their seeds were an important article of food. For this purpose, when the seeds were nearly ripe, branches were torn off the trees and piled up in heaps on patches of bare ground, and when quite dry were thrashed with sticks. The seeds were then collected, winnowed on a rug, ground between two stones with water into a paste about the cousistence of thick gruel, and eaten from the grinding-stone with the bent forefinger, used as aspoon. Boomerangs and spears were made from the wood. For a boomerang a branch with the proper curve was selected, and an incision about an inch deep was cut into it at each end of the proposed weapon. Then the point of a yamstick or other piece of wedge-pointed wood that had been hardened in the fire was driven under the cut wood at the smaller end. A piece split off that required very little finish- ing to make it a perfect boomerang. Sometimes two or three were made off the same branch by deepening the cuts after each one had been split off. For spears a tree with a perfectly straight stem 10 or 12 feet long was cut down, the top cut off, and then split into halves and quarters by having wedge-shaped pieces of wood driven into the small end. The trees split very readily. I split a tree 10 feet long into halves with a single blow with an axe struck on its smaller end. The spears made from the tree in this manner were 9 to 10 feet long, from 1} to 14 inches in diameter, chisel-pointed at one end, and with a blunt point at the other. They were never thrown, but were held in both hands, and used to thrust with in a charge. I believe they were peculiar to that district, for I never saw any of them north of the Grey Ranges. All the Acacia-trees seem to have died out, for when ten years ago I looked down upon the great plain from the top of Mount Robe, the only trees on it were a few pines and some mallee in scattered clumps. Paoli Gah Ome ROGGE DINGS Roval Society of South Australia, For 1897-98. OrDINARY MEETING, NovEMBER 2, 1897. W. L. Crevanp, M.B. (President), in chair. Exuisits.—J. G. Tepper, F.L.S., exhibited specimens of an Alewrodid, Trioza sp., on Sterculia-leaves from Botanic Garden. The larve emit white waxy threads and coat surface of leaves with sugary fluid, which if not removed by ants or in other ways render plants sickly. Also some peach-tree aphis (Myzus cerast), remarking they were difficult to remove by spraying. Also specimen of tick (Ixodes muralia), presented by Mr. Wirtheimer, and taken from a snake skin sent to him from Queensland. A. ZeIrz, Assistant-Director of the Museum, made some remarks upon Alexandra Parrot (Spathopterus Alexandre) from Glen Edith, N.T., which had bred in captivity, but had not reared their young. Prof. Tare showed herbarium specimens of Poly- podium proliferum, new for South Australia, from Cournamount, River Murray. Collected by the Rev. Henry T. Hull, of Mount Pleasant, who remarks that “‘there is no doubt of its occurrence in a wild state. On a recent visit I saw hundreds, if not even thousands, of plants” (25/10/97). Battot.—W. G. Torr, LL.D., M.A., B.C.L., was elected a Fellow. Paprers.—‘A Newly -discovered Cambrian Trilobite from Yorke’s Peninsula,” by R. ErHeriper, Jun. “ Description of New Mollusca,” by Professor Tare. OrpinaRY Meetinc, DECEMBER 7, 1897. W. L. Cuetanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Exuisits.—W. Howcuin, F.G.S., exhibited and described paleolithic implements from the brick-earths of Sussex, and 236 gravels of France, from Madras Presidency, and from Somaliland... Paper. — “On Some Australian Insects of the Family Psyllidae,” by W. M. Maskell, of Wellington, N.Z. S. Drxon reported result of the deputation to the Minister of Education in reference to preparing a manual on insectivorous.- birds and predatory insects for use in Public Schools. ORDINARY MEETING, APRIL 5, 1898. Pror. Tats, F.G.S. in the chair. Exuipits.—Prof. Tare showed pieces of prismatic sandstone: from the Hawkesbury series, N.S.W. and Western Victoria. Also some “ limestone biscuits” from Biscuit Flat, 8.E. ; having referred to certain speculations of Rev. J. Tenison Woods in his. work on South Australian Geology, 1862, as to the origin of: these biscuits, he went on to describe the appearance of the: biscuits—their highly calcareous nature. A section through the narrow part shows concentric rings around a central spot or space, and in several examples a fresh water shell (Bulonus) is found to be the nucleus. Mr. Thomas Smeaton wrote describ-- ing some observations made by him some 30 years ago on lime- stone biscuits from S.E. and elsewhere, and came to much the: same conclusion as Prof. Tate. Mr. Tepper, F.L.S., showed a piece of green opal from: Coolgardie, W.A. Also a pupa of codlin moth obtained from: apple stem between three apples, and which had made a nest in a bottle where it had been placed subsequently. A. Zeirz, Assistant Director of Museum, brought under the notice of the meeting a small green pigeon (Chalcophaps: chrysochlora) caught at Bews near Kadina, very rarely found so far South, its proper home being Queensland and New South Wales. Alsoa small fish of the perch tribe (Chelmo truncatus): and of the scaly finned family, so named because the dorsal and anal fins are thickly covered with scales. Also an unusually large specimen of the blue-tongued lizard (Cyclodes gigas) from Leighs Creek ; about 18 inches long. Paprers.— Description of new Coleoptera,” by Rev. Thos.. Blackburn, M.A. OrpinARY Meerine, May 3, 1898. W. L. Cuetanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Osrruary Notice.—J.G. O. Tepper, F.L.S., drew attention. to the death of W. M. Maskell, of Wellington, N.Z., a corres- ponding member of the Society. It was decided to send a letter of condolence to the Hon. Secretary of the Philosophical Society, Wellington. 237 Exuisits.—W. Howcuiy, F.G.S., laid on table a photograph of a large erratic boulder transported by glacial action some ten miles up the Inman River Valley. Papers.—‘ Further Discoveries of Glacial Remains in South Australia,” by W. Howcurn, F.G.S. ; “ The Influence of Vegeta- tion on Climate and the Rainfall,” by J. G. O. Tepper, F.LS. ORDINARY MEETING, JUNE 7, 1898. W. L. Crevanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Exursits.—Prof. Tate, F.G.S8., exhibited a grass (Aristida depressa) from Mount Lyndhurst (collected by Mr. Koch) new to South Australia. Also a sedge (Cyperus levigatus) from River Hindmarsh (collected by Miss J. L. Hussey), first found in South Australia at Nilpena, but in an extreme varietal form, and this year J. H. Maiden, Government Botanist of N.S.W., has received a specimen of it from Mount Lyndhurst. The Port Elliot plant, Which in its Schcenus-like habit represents the typical form widely spread over warmer regions of the world, chiefly in maritime districts, has hitherto only been known for Australia at Swan River, W.A. J. G. O. Teppsr, F.L.S8., exhibited a cocoon of an insect on an eucalypt bough curiously simulating a Serpula. | Epwin Asupy showed Callochiton platessa, Acanthochites speciosus, and A. asbestoides, and small medusa from Aldinga. Papers.—‘“ Respecting Contact Metamorphism occurring at Kalgoorlie, W.A.,” by H. B. Corsin; “On two Deep Level Occurrences in South Australia of Recent Marine Deposits,” by Prof. TATE. OrpINARY MEETING, JuLy 5, 1898. W. L. Ciexanp, M.B. (President), in the chair. Exuipits.—A large series of specimens from White Cliffs, illustrating pseudomorphism by noble opal, by Prof. Tarsz, the property of the School of Mines. These included scalenohedra after calcite, opalised sandstone, reptilian humerus, Ichthyosaurian vertebra, wood-structure, and various molluscan tests. W. Howcutn, F.G.S.—A piece of quartzite with polished surface, taken from a large bed of the same rock in the Onka- paringa watershed, exhibiting pseudoglacial features ; a piece of black flint pseudomorph after calcite, from Wallaroo Mines; | also specimens showing rock-faulting, contortion, and interrupted jointing, and others illustrating various geological phenomena. R 238 Paper.— On a new Myoporum from South Australia,” by J. H. MaipEn and E. BEtcuHe. Dr. Srirtinc, M.D., F.R.S., moved the following resolution (Prof. Tate seconded. Carried.) :—‘“‘ That whereas the aborigines of Australia are rapidly disappearing, it is desirable, in the interests of science and of our successors, that a comprehensive and enduring record of the Australian race, in the fullest anthropological and ethnological significance, should be taken before it is too late; that this Society communicate with the Royal Societies of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, and West Australia and the Linnean Society of New South Wales, with the object of asking whether those Societies will join in a combined movement, together with such other scientific bodies as may be interested, to induce the Governments of their respective colonies to promise contributions of say £500 from each colony, payable in such annual instalments as may be necessary to defray the expenses of such a work ; that contingent upon the approval — by this Society of the above resolution, the Council be requested to put it into effect by forwarding copies to the bodies mentioned.” OrpiInARY MeEgetine, Aucust 2, 1898. W. L, Cievanp, M.B. (President) in the chair. Exuisits.—A. ZxEitz, Assistant-Director of the Museum, specimen of Leatherjacket (Monacanthus, sp.), with abnormal dorsal spine from St. Vincent’s Gulf. Also a blue ruff-heron (Demigretta jugularis) from Wallaroo. It is found in tropical Aus- tralia, but rarely so far south. 8S. Drxon specimens of telluride ore, carrying 40 per cent. of gold, in schistose rocks from the Kalgurlie Mine, W.A. W. Howcuin, F.G.S., gave an interest- ing description of foraminiferal sand, obtained through the kindness of Prof. David, of Sydney, and Mr. Geo. Sweet, of Melbourne, from the Funafuti Atoll, and from the bore put down to test the nature of the underlying rocks. The beach consists largely of nullipore fragments sometimes consolidated into rock masses. Theforaminiferaarenot very abundant in their variety, but formalmost the entire mass of the beach sand, and belong to eleven genera, including sixteen species, and present an almost identical facies with those of the fossil fauna of the lower tertiaries of Southern Australia. Organic remains from the bore at 150 feet were scarce ; those from the 400-feet depth were more abundant, particularly amphistegina, which made up the most of the rock materials, and were in each case characteristically of shallow water species, which would seem to indicate subsidence of the 239 platform on which the atoll rests. A photograph of Funafuti was was also shown. Batior.—E. Meyrick was elected an Honorary Fellow. Papers.—‘‘ Two new species of Cretaceous Mollusca.” ‘ New species of Eulimide and Pyramidellide ;” Revision of the Austra- lian Cyclostremide and Liotiide [Publication unavoidably post- poned]. The author points out that great diversity of opinion has prevailed as to the correct systematic position of the component species; some under different generic names have been placed in both families. The limits of the genera of Cyclostremide are better defined, and the following two new genera are proposed :— (1.) CycLosTREMELLA, type Liotia Loddere, Petterd, is separated by its varicosely margined aperture ; (2) PsEuDoLIoTIA, type Cyclostrema micans, A. Adams (=Jiotta Angasi, Crosse), is defined as somewhat like Lzotza, with a thick porcellanous (non- perlaceous inside) test, aperture oblique, its margin thickened, operculum horny and multispiral, without a granulose exterior. Cirsonella, Angas, falls as a synonym under Tubiola, A. Adams, in the family Cyclostremide ; ‘‘On some Recent and Fossil Species of Philobryz,” by Prof. Tats, F.G.S. ORDINARY MEETING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1898. W. L. Crezanp, M.B. (President) in the chair. Bauttotr.—Mr. Epwin AsHsy was unanimously elected an auditor. Papers.—‘‘ Notes on Australian Lepidoptera,” by Dr. A. JEFFERIS TURNER; “ Lists of Plants on Mount Lyndhurst Run,” by M. Koca ; “ Deep-seated Eocene Strata in the Croydon and other Bores,” by Prof. Tats, F.G.S8. ANNUAL MEETING, OcToBER 4, 1898. W. L. CieLanp, M.B. (President) in the chair. Exuisits.—Prof. Tate exhibited botanical specimens collected by Mr. C. F. Johncock from the neighbourhood of Mount Remarkable—these were: the geococcus state of Blennodia cardaminoides, Kennedya prostrata, leaves of Xanthorrhea quadrangulata from the summit of the Mount, Solanum lacunarium, Adiantum cethiopicum, and Pterostylis pedunculata. Rev. Tuos. BLacksBurn, B.A., exhibited obsidian bombs. Annual report and balance-sheet were read and adopted. ELEcTION oF CounciLt.—President, W. L. Cleland, M.B.; Vice- Presidents, Prof. Tate, F.G.S., and W. Howchin, F.G.S:; Hon. Treasurer, Walter Rutt, C.E.; Hon. Sec., G. G. Mayo, C.E,; 240 Members of Council, Prof. Rennie, D.Sc., E. C. Stirling, M.D.,. Rev. Thos. Blackburn, B.A., S. Dixon, J. 8. Lloyd, and W. H. Selway ; auditor, Edwin Ashby. Presidential Address was read by the PREsIDENT, and upon the motion of Prof. Tarr, seconded by Prof. Sririine, was. ordered to be printed in the Society’s Transactions. Paprers.—‘The Use of the Wedge by the Natives of the Great Barrier Plain in making their Boomerang and Spears,” by John Harris Browne. Report on the Birds collected on the Calvert Expedition, by A. J. Norru, C.M.Z.8., and G. A. KEARTLAND. “Dimorphism in South Australian Cruciferz,” by Prof. Tare, F.G.8.; ‘ Descriptions of New Microlepidoptera,” by Dr. A. J. Turner ; ‘Notes on the Nest and Eggs of Porzana fluminea,” by Dr. A. M. Morean ; “‘ Descriptions of seven New Species of South Australian Polyplacophora,” by Dr. Torr and HE. Asupy ; “Descriptions of New Australian Coleoptera,” by Rev. T. BLACKBURN. 241 ANNUAL REPORT. The Council reported that the scientific work of the Society had been steadily carried on during the year. Part 1 of vol. XXII was ready for distribution in August. Prof. Tate, F.G.S had been engaged in making a revision of the Australian Cyclostremide and Liotiidew, and had also made independent observations of the Calcareous Biscuits from the South-Eastern district of the colony. W. Howchin, F.G.S., had discovered further traces of glacial action in Hindmarsh Valley, and a Trilobite from Yorke’s Peninsula, which R. Etheridge, jun., of Sydney, has described as Ptychoparia Howchini. Valuable papers have been contributed during the year by Prof. Tate, F.G.S., Dr. Verco, Rev. Thos. Blackburn, B.A., the late W. M. Maskell, J. H. Maiden, Dr. A. J. Turner, and J. G. ‘O. Tepper. Exchanges of publications have been accepted with various scientific bodies. The Council have to report the death of a corresponding member, W. M. Maskell, the late Registrar of the University of New Zealand, who had shortly before his lamented death forwarded a valuable paper to the Society. A movement has been initiated by Prof. Stirling for obtaining the support of the various Colonial Governments and learned societies in an organized attempt to collect and preserve all ethnological and anthropological information relative to the aborigines of Australia. During the year J. H. Maiden, Director of the Botanic Garden, Sydney, and E. Meyrick were elected Honorary Fellows. The membership of the Society is as follows:—10 Hon. Fellows, 9 Corresponding Members, 70 Fellows, 1 Associate. Karly in the year Mr. Sam. Dixon initiated a discussion on the advisability of securing the dissemination of reliable infor- mation respecting the insectivorous birds and useful insects of South Australia. After discussing the matter at several meetings, a Sub-Committee, consisting of the President, Prof. Tate, Messrs. S. Dixon, J. G. O. Tepper, and W. C. Grasby, was appointed to take such steps as they considered necessary. The Committee in- vited the co-operation of the Royal Geographical Society, Royal Agricultural Society, the Zoological Society, and the Agricul- tural Bureau. All these Societies decided to assist in attaining the objects of the Sub-Committee, and a meeting of the repre- ‘sentatives was held at the University, when it was decided to wait on the Hon. the Minister of Agriculture and Education. The Minister promised to make enquiries and decide what action the Government would take. No official reply has yet been received. co oon ‘8681 ‘10q0990 98] ‘aodnsvoaf, ‘UoH ‘LLOU WHLTVAM ‘oyrpuy “AYHSV NIMAA ‘qo01100 punoy pue poyIpuy L t90F G L P9GF 61 c9I 8681 pe ‘100 ‘YUeg sSulaeg ur souvyeg ,, ee sonbayg uo osueyoxg ,, 6 Ol i L 60 ‘ spatg snosoaTyoosuy a4 uolyeyndeg 0: 02 - Gis WMOTPOSY SISPeanzeN PLWH —pIv-ul-sjuery ,, | G6 SIG 5, re ae ee: qse10qUy ,, 1? SULAPYS puv osvizae~g—Areaqrvy ,, | 3 St 9b i. ae qUIUUAIAOL) WLOAZ YURI, ,, L Re pisnoaiis pue ‘oseysog ‘Ssuuug , |0 9 && -—-—— : P = " JayejoIv~g—sese AA ,, oO Ore ‘2 raf U01JOIG [VOTSOTOORT LPT th OF -@ SiS = “* MOHIe§ (SIS!I[CINFEN PLOW OSGFsL 2% - 2 ‘sUrysi[qud O: Blavl Ss e" ce Aqatoog pehoy § 2605 = a = SUIqZeI4SNI IT —suorjdiaosqng ,, O73. 8G - es a * Surquid G- - 16 zs — ie os eS UN -—suorjoesuray, Jo Is09 Ag "L681 “IST 19q09009 oat ae a ‘ap ee & 2a - S “aq ‘VITVULSOAVY HLOOS fO ALHIOOS TVAOU AHL HEIM LNONOOOV NI YHeOsSVedL AHL 243 PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. During the year now ending the Society has received various valuable contributions on matters relating to natural history and geology, which are the sciences that in a new country are the most prolific in furnishing original papers and monographs. The object of this Society as a scientific body is to place on record only new facts relating to science as they bear on South Australia. This is the rule of the various learned Societies of the Australian Colonies, so that the proceedings of this Society should reflect the increase to our scientific knowledge respecting South Australia in any given year. The thanks of this Society are certainly due to those science-workers who loyally forward the results of their labours on South Australian subjects to be incorporated in our proceedings. To some of the Fellows it may be a matter of regret that attempts have not been made by the Council to place scientific subjects in a popular form before the meetings. It should be remembered, however, that the functions of a Royal Society are not to popularise science nor to give instruction, but simply to publish results of work done or to discuss the deductions which may legitimately be drawn from ascertained scientific data. Our workers are, however, so few, and each one is almost necessarily an authority on his own particular speciality, that the opportunities for profitable discussion do not often present themselves for want of a sufficient number of those who would be entitled to speak ea cathedra. Again, the existence of the University as a rallying focus for anyone interested in science, as there are to be found some of our chief exponents of various branches of science, also tends to deprive the meetings of this Society of one of its objects, namely, a common meéting ground for the exchange of scientific thoughts. As to the popularising of science, this Society might possibly have taken up the matter if it were not being already done in a pre-eminently satisfactory manner by the University and the branches of the Society. For this Society to attempt to do the same would be superfluous, and anything that is unnecessary is certain to be mischievous. It is. no object of this Society to enter into competition with other institutions, and although it may be a matter of regret that our meetings are not as well attended as they might be, yet the regret is not on account of the small- ness of the audience, but of the smallness of the band of science 244 workers. It has, however, been already stated that many of our workers do not attend the meetings because they have hac opportunities elsewhere of meeting those with whom they are in science matters en rapport. The utility of this Society is there- fore not to be measured by the number who attend the meetings but rather by the bulk of its published memoirs. The intrinsic value of the contributions has always maintained a very high scientific standard. It must also be remembered that each of these contributions necessitates a vast amount of labour and minute and painstaking investigation, so that although the quantity may not always be great, the quality is unimpeachable. Another obstacle to the size of our proceedings has been at times the question of ways and means, and the study of certain subjects has had to be postponed owing to the unlikelihood of the Society being equal to the necessary expenditure. As an example may be cited what has been done with regard to the unique Calla- bonna fossils. In 1894-5 a beginning was made by describing and illustrating certian bones of Genyornis Newtoni, but since then there has been no further publication. On those who can afford to wait fortune in the end generally condescends to smile and so it is in this case. There is now every certainty that the work will be pushed on with vigour, as the Government has generously, and with a due appreciation of the scientific value of the work, caused a sum of money to be set apart for this especial object. It must be particularly gratifying to all who have the welfare and encouragement of scientific work at heart to have this tangible proof of the enlightened interest which the present Ministry of South Australia takes, not only in assisting to obtain scientific materials, but also in making it available for the benefit of the scientific world. At the meeting held in July, 1898, an important resclution was carried, expressing the desirability of a united action on the part of the Australian Colonies to arrange and publish an authorita- tive Treatise, as complete as possible, of the Australian race. There is every reason to hope that material assistance will be obtained from the various Governments for effectively carrying out this national work. It will also be conceded by all that no time should be lost in setting about the collecting of all available information. In South Australia, apparently, no systematic and comprehensive attempt has been made to study the aboriginal races of this colony. In the pages of our proceedings during the past twenty years appear various important, but isolated, con- tributions towards the anthropology of Australia. The most important of these are probably those relating to the tribes inhabiting an area of country having a radius of two or three hundred miles from a centre about the Finke River. The reason 249 -why it is advanced that these contributions have a greater ethnological value, from an Australian point of view, than other important studies made to the west of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the Daly River, and other parts of the coastal region of the Northern Territory, is that the tribes in Central and Southern Australia are less likely to be mixed with other races. And one -of the greatest points of interest in connection with the study of the aborigines of Australia would be that here, if anywhere, it ‘should be possible to investigate perhaps one of the purest -examples of a race that is autochthonic as contrasted to exotic in its local origin. In other words, in studying the purest examples -of the Australian aborigines, the scientific investigator would be studying as purely local productions as would be found in the respective flora and fauna. The isolation of the Central and | Southern parts of Australia from other centres of human occupa- ‘tion, the absence of rivers or other easy modes of transit, and the background of a vast uninhabited ocean, presents a habitat that is unique in the completion of its severance from the rest of the world or from any invading influences. ‘So that whatever affinities the aborgines of Australia may have as a race with -certain black Hill Tribes of Southern India or Papuans or Negritos of the Archipelagos to the east of Australia, they would still present a study from an isolation point of view vastly superior to any that could be obtained in any other country, or under any -other existing conditions with which we are acquainted. Mr. Romanes attaches very great importance to the effects of isolation and devotes part III. of his work “‘ Darwin and after Darwin” -chiefly to a discussion of the varieties and bearings of isolation in modifying forms of life. ‘In isolation,” he says, “we have a principle so fundamental and so universal that even the great principle of natural selection is less deep, and pervades a region -of smaller extent.” Isolation is defined as the prevention of intercrossing between a separate section of a species or kind and the rest of that species or kind; whether such separation be due to geographical barriers, to migration, or to any other state of matters leading to exclusive breeding within the separated group. ‘This application of isolation to the aborigines of Central and Southern Australia has been particularly fortunate, as there is reason to believe that the Australian race is amongst the most primitive known, and the most direct issue of the primitive stock from which the various races bordering the greater part of the Indian Ocean may possible have been sprung in the remote past. If this should be the case with the aborigines of Australia it would tend to show that isolation must have an injurious effect on the development or the -evolution upwards of any particular species. Itis not difficult to 246 see how this may be, and how the effect would be somewhat: similar to what takes place in what is called ‘composite portraiture.” In the latter, for instance, only the more salient points of say some 50 portraits are manifested, the result being unlike any, and yet having some common resemblance to all. So in the long-continued breeding of a pure race the more salient features of the people would be the more likely to be perpetuated, and the minor deviations or tendencies to evolution would stand a greater risk of not being transmitted. If this view is correct, the picture presented by the aborigines of Australia is not that of a degenerate, but rather of a primitive race, a people whose chances of further evolution have been lessened by their extreme degree of isolation. As in the composite portrait, individual peculiarities would remain in abeyance and only the broader distinctive traits. of the race or species would appear. As regards the idea that the aborigines of Australia are a degenerate or retrogressive race it appears that reliance is based chiefly on certain rites and customs to support the view. Mr. Helms, in the anthropological contribution to the results of the Elder Exploring Expedition, after rejecting the shipwreck theory, favours the opinion that the aborigines of Australia have become a retrogressive race, basing the conclusion on their extraordinary sexual rites for retarding an excess of population, on their complicated marriage laws, and, besides, on other remarkable features of intellectual culture, pointing tothesupposition that they must be the remnants of ahighly- advanced culture. It seems improbable that isolation would cause retrogression, although it would favour a race becoming stationary and perhaps accentuated. Another explanation may be advanced in place of retrogression. We possibly err in attaching a too high mental or intellectual value to the rites and customs men- tioned by Mr. Helms, an error into which we do not fall in considering the many wonderful acts and habits of various animals. For instance, in considering the engineering skill of the beaver in constructing dams, it is not necessary to suppose that it had some Archimedean ancestor who had a genius for construction and the application of physics. Nor, again, to sup- pose that some ancestors of the honey-bee had a talent for practical sociology, and elaborated the existing ethics and distri- bution of labour which characterises ordinary hive-life. It is not necessary to suppose that these are examples of retrogression. As different substances emit sounds characteristic of themselves when struck, owing to some speciality in the arrangement and nature of their molecules, so it is conceivable that organisms would respond in varying ways to the constant action of stimuli. It is. possible in this way to see how by a slow process of evolution the gradual adjusting of the nervous cellular structures with their 247 dendrites or branches under persistent stimuli of a given character may lead to a condition of unconscious cerebration, having all the appearance of conscious intent. We may all admire and appreciate the mechanical skill of these rodents, and the ethical effects of some of the customs of these insects, and of this species of the genus homo, but it is another matter, and a probably unwarranted assumption, to attribute the same powerof intel- lectual appreciation to these beavers, honey-bees, or aborigines, either now or in the remote past, that we ourselves possess. That these three types of animals should have responded to stimuli in an apparently intelligent manner may be considered as evidenze of the high quality of their primary nervous structure, but not necessarily as evidence of conscious volition of adapting means to an end. Personal contact with an aboriginal by no means shows him to be a stupid fellow, but it would be asking too much to expect him to appreciate the restraints of civilization. As an illustration of how savage man acts in common with many animals and birds in a way which more civilised peoples have lost may be mentioned the power of travelling to and reaching distant places without any apparent guidance. Darwin, in his posthumous ‘‘ Essay on Instinct,” which appears in extenso as an appendix to Mr. Romanes’ work on “Mental Evolution in Animals,” says we should be very cautious in attributing to migratory animals any capacity in this respect which we do not ourselves possess. And he quotes from the navigator Wrangel on the “unerring instinct” of the natives of N. Siberia, and from ‘Sir George Grey’s “Expedition to Australia” of the powers of the aborigines here, in the same direction. If any act has the appearance of conscious intent, it might be assumed that this power of unerringly travelling to a given place would be one. And yet there is no more ground for supposing that it is the case with savage man than with other members of the animal world. An analogy may also be sought in the evolution of language, that results which appear volitional have not in reality so arisen. As Prof. Max Miller says in his “Chips,” man in his primitive state was endowed, not only like the brute with the power of expressing his sensations by interjections and imitations, he possessed likewise the faculty of giving more articulate expres- sion to the rational conceptions of his mind. That faculty was not of his own making. It was an instinct, and so far as language belongs to that instinct, it belongs to the realm of nature. And it is also seen that different anthropological centres responded to this instinct in different ways, but always in the same way as regards general construction for any particular centre. It thus may be assumed that languages, with their vocabularies and grammatical construction, were unconsciously 248 evolved as the result of stimuli acting on certain organisms endowed with a certain potentiality. As regards the individuals using any specific language, it was a case of unconscious cere- bration, and it was left for the learned comparative philologist to explain the mechanism and the rationale. This is the only conclusion that can be reached, for it would be absurd to suppose that languages could have been consciously evolved by the peoples using them. Returning, then, to the curious rites and customs and laws of the aborigines of Australia, it does not seem necessary to suppose any antecedent conditior of greater culture or civilisation to explain their existence. And this is more particularly the case as there appear absolutely to be no other vestiges of such supposed greater culture. Also, what is known as ‘unconscious cerebration” robs many intelligent acts of their claim to be the result of conscious intent. I may shortly refer to the general custom of circumcision amongst many of the tribes of the Australian aborigines. This naturally is a custom closely associated in the mind with Jewish rites, and the question arises, Can there be any racial connection in the matter ? Some _ ethnologists have advanced the opinion that in the remote past there was a great African-Austro-Malayan centre of development of the human race. At this period of extreme antiquity there was probably a much greater distribution of land in the southern hemisphere than at present, and that there probably existed continents, now submerged, making communication between Australasia and Africa much easier. vol. ATV... pt. 1. N.Y. State Museum, 48th Report (1894). Public Library, Bulletin, vol. IT., Nos. 1 to 7. Philadelphia—Academy of Natural Science, Proceedings, part 3, 1896 ; parts 1, 2, 1897. ——-—-———_ University of Pennsylvania, Publication, vol. I, Nos. 1 to 3. 256 —_———— {Zoological Society’s Twenty-sixth Annual Report San Francisco—California Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, vol. I. (Zoology, Nos. 1 to 4), (Geology, Nos. 2), (Botany, No. 1); vol. VI. (1896); Tapuriptilis, Pacific Coast. Salem—American Assoc. Advance. of Sciences, Proceedings, 1896. St. Louis—Missouri Botanic Gardens, Report, 1897. Academy of Science, Proceedings, vol. VII., Nos. 4 to 16. | St. Pauls—Geological and Natural History Survey of Min- nesota, Report, 1887. Washington—National Academy of Sciences, vol. I., part 2. — U.S. Geological Survey, Seventeenth Annual Report, parts 1 to 3; Monographs, vols. XXV. to XXVIII. Department of Agriculture Year-book, 1896, 1897. North American Fauna, No. 138. —_——-—— Smithsonian Institution — Report U.S. Nat. Museum, 1894; Smithsonian Report, 1894 ; Bulletin, No. 47 ; Special Bulletin, Oceanic Ichthyology, 1895 ; North American Birds ; 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th Annual Reports. Bureau of Ethnology. LIST OF FELLOWS, MEMBERS, &c. NOVEMBER, 1898. Those marked (F) were present at the first meeting when the Society was founded. Those marked (L) are Life Fellows. Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers published in the Society’s Transactions. Any changes in the addresses should be notified to the Secretary. Date ot Election. 1893. 1897. 1897. 1876. 1890. 1893. 1855. 1897. 1898. 1876. 1894. iss]. 1881. 1880. 1893. 1886. 1883. 1893. 1874. 1897. 1887. 1893. 1887. 1884. 1886. HONORARY FELLOWS. *CossMANN, M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris. “Davin, T. W. E., B.A., Professor of Geology Sydney University, New South Wales. *DENNANT, JOHN, F.G.S., Inspector Technical Schools, Camberwell, Victoria. Evuery, R. L. J., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., late Government Astronomer Victoria, The Observatory, Melbourne, Victoria. “ETHERIDGE, Rozert, Director Australian Museum, Sydney. GREGORIO, MARQUIS DE, Palermo, Sicily. Houuu, H. M., Hobart, Tasmania. *Marpen, J. H., F.L.S., F.C.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales. *Mryrick, EK. T., B.A., Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wiltshire, England. RussELL, H. C., B.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales. *Witson, J. T., M.D., Professor of Anatomy Sydney University. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS, Barney, F. M., F.L.8., Colonial Botanist, Brisbane, Qneensland. “Croup, T. C., F.C.S., Manager Wallaroo Smelting Works, South Australia. *FOELSCHE, PAvL, Inspector of Police, Palmerston, Northern Terri- tory, South Australia. *McKiiop, Rey. Davin, 8.J., late Daly River Mission, Northern Territory. Nico.ay, Rev. C. G., Fremantle, W.A. *STIRLING, JAMES, Government Geologist, Victoria. *“SrretTon, W. G., Palmerston, Northern Territory. FELLOWS. Anaas, J. H., Adelaide, South Australia. *AsuBy, Epwin, Adelaide, south Australia. BaGot, JoHn, Adelaide, South Australia. *BEDNALL, W. T., Adelaide, South Australia. *BLACKBURN, Rev. THomas, B.A., Woodville, South Australia. BoETTGER, Orto, Adelaide, South Australia. “Brace, W. H., M.A., Professor of Mathematics University of Adelaide, South Australia. 1885. 1882. 1897. 1893. 1884. 1879. 1876. 1895. 1887. 1876. 1896. 1893. 1890. 1886. 1882. 1889. 1880. 1887. 1896. 1896. 1891. 1883. 1898. 1893. 1896. 1853. 1894. 1898. 1897. 1884. 1856. 1888. 1885. 1874. 1888. 1897. 1859. 1884. 1896. 1893. 1883. 1886. 1892. 1898. 258 *Brown, H. Y. L., F.G.S., Government Geologist South Australia Adelaide. Browne, L. G., Adelaide, South Australia. *Browne, J. H., North Adelaide, South Australia. Brummitt, Rogpert, M.R.C.S., England, Kooringa, South Australia. BussELL, J. W., F.R.M.S., North Adelaide, South Australia.. *CLELAND, W. L., M.B., Ch.M., J.P., Colonial Surgeon, Resident Medical Officer Parkside Lunatic Asylum, Lecturer on Materia Medica University of Adelaide, Parkside, South - Australia. (Lt) Cooke, E., Commissioner of Audit South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. Cookk, Joun H., Adelaide, South Australia. *Drxon, SAMUEL, Adelaide, South Australia. Dossirz, A. W., Adelaide, South Australia. Drummonp, J. H. G.,, M.D, Moonta. Duptey, U., Drake, N.S. W. *East, J. J., F.G.S. (Corresponding Member, 1884), Adelaide. Fiemine, Davin, North Adelaide, South Australia. Fow.er, WILLIAM, Melton, Yorke’s Peninsula, South Australia. Fraser, J. C., Adelaide, South Australia. *GoypER, GEORGE, JuN., F.C.S., Government Analyst South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. Grassy, W. C., F.L.S., Grenfell-street, Adelaide, South Australia. GREENWAY, THomas J., East Adelaide. Hawker, E. W., LL.B., B.A., F.G.S., Gladstone Chambers, Adelaide. *HonrzE, Maurice, F.L.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Adelaide (Corresponding Member, 1882), Adelaide, South Australia. *HowcuHin, WALTER, F.G.S., Goodwood East, South Australia. Huauss, SaAmvuen, B.Sc., Registrar School of Mines, Adelaide. James, THomas, M.R.C.S., England, Moonta, South Australia. Jonrs, J. W., Conservator of Water, Adelaide. (vr) Kay, Ropert, General Director and Secretary South Australian Public Library, Museum, &c., Adelaide, South Australia. Kerrsuaw, JAmEs A., Entomologist National Museum, Melbourne. *Kocu, Max, Mount Lyndhurst, Far North. Lea, A. M., Col. Entomologist, Perth, W.A. Lenpon, A. A., M.D., M.R.C.S., Honorary Physician Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. Luoyp, J. S., Adelaide, South Australia. *LoweEr, O. B., F. Ent. 8., Broken Hill, N.S. W. *Lucas, R. B., Adelaide, South Australia. Mayo, G. G., C.E , Adelaide, South Australia. Moutnevx, A., F.L.S., Secretary Central Agricultural Bureau South Australia, Kent Town, South Australia. *Morcan, A. M., M.B., Ch.B, Adelaide. (L) Murray, Davip, Adelaide, South Australia. Munton, H. 8., Brighton, South Australia. Parker, Tuomas, C.E., F.G.S., Rockhampton, Queensland. Perks, R. H., M.D., F.R.C.S., Adelaide, South Australia. Puitiies, W. H., Adelaide, South Australia. Pootst, W. B., Adelaide, South Australia. PrisestLey, P. H., Unley Road, Parkside. Purpir, ALEX., M.A., Lecturer on Metallurgy School of Mines, Adelaide. — 1895. 259 *Rennig, H. E., M.A., D.Sc., F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry Uni- versity of Adelaide. *Rutt, WALTER, C.E., Assistant Engineer-in-Chief, Adelaide,. South Australia. Setway, W. H., Jun., Adelaide, South Australia. Stmson, Aucustus, Hobart, Tasmania. SmEaToN, Tuomas D., Blakiston, Littlehampton, South Australia. SmiTH, Rospert Barr, Adelaide, South Australia. *STIRLING, EpwarpD C., C.MG, M.A., M.D., F.RB.S., F.B.C.S., Lecturer on Physiology University of Adelaide, Director: South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia. *SrreEIcH, VicTor, F.G.S., Windanya, W.A. *TaTE, RALPH, F.G.S., Professor of Natural Science, University of Adelaide. *TEpPER, J G.O., F.L.S., Entomologist South Australian Museum (Corresponding Member, 1878), Adelaide, South Australia. *Torr, W. G., LL.D., Way College. *TURNER, A. JEFFERIS, M.D., Brisbane. VARDON, JOSEPH, J.P., Adelaide, South Australia. *Verco, JOSEPH C., M.D., F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Therapeutics University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. Warnweicnt, E. H., B.Se., St. Peter’s College, South Australia. Warez, W.L., Adelaide, South Australia. Way, Ricut Hon. Samvet J., D.C.L.. Chief Justice and Lieu- tenant-Governor South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia. *WHITTELL, Horatio, M.D., M.R.C.S., F.R.M.S., President Central Board of Health and City Coroner, Adelaide, South Australia. *ZieTz, A. H. C., F.L.S., Assistant Director South Australian. Museum, South Australia. ASSOCIATE. CLELAND, JoHN B, Parkside, South Australia. 2601 APPENDICES. ————— FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE Roval Society of South Australia. FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE, BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1898. Evening Meetings.—EHight evening meetings have been held, at which papers or lectures have been given as under :— 1897. Oct. 19—‘ Seven Hundred Miles through Western Australia,” Mr. S. Smeaton, B.A. Nov. 16—‘ The Sun as the Sole Support of all Terrestrial Life,” Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. 1898. April 19—Meetings of the Science Congress at Sydney, held January, 1898—Mr. M.S. Clark, Mr. S. Smeaton, B.A., Mr. W. H Selway, jun. May 17—Meetings of the Science Congress at Sydney, held January, 1898—Mr. W. H. Selway, jun. ‘“‘ The Influence of Vegetation on Climate and the Rain- fall,” Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. June 21—“How Animals elude their Enemies,” Mr. 8S. Smeaton, B.A. July 19—‘ An Appeal for Scientific Workers on the Coleo- : ptera,” Rev. T. Blackburn, B.A. Aug. 16—“The Origin, Growth, and Decline of Mountain Ranges,” Mr. W. Howchin, F.G.S. Sept. 20—‘ Annual Meeting, Chairman’s Address, Mr. M. Symonds Clark. From this list it will be seen that the addresses have covered perhaps a wider range even than usual. It is hoped that the Rev. T. Blackburn’s appeal for scientific workers in the Coleop- tera will meet with some response, as there are so few engaged in this important branch of Natural History in the Australian = 261 Colonies. At another meeting it was mentioned that Major Reinbold, of Germany, was anxious to secure from these shores specimens of minute or parasitic alge, and would be glad of _-correspondents in this colony. Exhibits have formed, as usual, a prominent and interesting feature of the evening meetings. Amongst those shown during the year were some rare shells, including Callochiton platessa, and Ephippodonta McDougalli, from Port Willunga (this being a new locality for these shells). The egg of the Kiwi (Apteryx Buller) ; 3 the fossil teeth of Diprotodon australis, found at Fulham, near Adelaide. Many flowering plants from the Port Elliot district, including Claytonia corrigiolacea (new locality), and the Alga, Nitophyllum caulescens (new species in 1897); pressed plants from Central Australia, besides scale-insects, birds, beetles, moths, butterflies, and marine specimens were amongst the exhibits shown at these meetings. At the first evening meeting in 1898 the members of tne ection did Mr. W.. HH. Selway, ..jr.,.. the honour to present him with a handsome travelling bag as a ‘memento of his services as Honorary Secretary for some years. Excursions.—To many members the out-door meetings form the most attractive feature of the Section’s operations, and, as we are essentially a F7r/d Club, this is, perhaps, not to be wondered at. The following is a list of the twelve excursions made during tthe year :— Date. Place. 1897. Oct. 9—Montacute. «\ = 23—Aldgate. Nov. 15—Port Noarlunga. Dec. 11—National Park (Long Gully). 1898. March 19—Dredging off Semaphore. April 23—Dredging Port River. May 14—Highbury, and Messrs. C. F. Newman & Sons’ Nursery, near Houghton. June 20—(Whole day) Marino. July 23—(Excursion to Athelstone arranged, but not held owing to inclement weather). Aug. 13— Anstey’s “Hill and Messrs. Newman’s Nursery. | Sept. | 1—(Whole day) Field’s River, via Reynella. i 24_Tea Tree Gully. Of the above the trip to Port Noarlunga was the longest, but the weather then was too hot to render energetic investigations at all agreeable, although geology and conchology received some attention. A new locality was found in the walk down Field’s River from Reynella, when a pleasant and instructive day was pent in geological study. The largest attended exccursion 262 was that to Montacute, when geology was again in the ascendant. and the scene of the old gold mine at that place was viewed with interest. For botanical results the visit to Aldgate was the most successful, when quite a dozen distinct species of orchids were found, including Thelymitra grandiflora, T. urnalis, T. ixioides, and Calo- chilus Robertsoni. Other flowersthen seen were Beckeadiffusaand a white variety of Kennedya prostrata. Conospermum patens was found at Highbury on May 14, and the orchid Diuris maculata, was gathered in the same locality on August 13. On various excursions bird-life received some attention, but no outing especially for this purpose was made. Before going into summer recess a picnic excursion was made in December last to the upper portion of National Park, when the opportunity was taken of explaining to present members the history of the successful efforts made by this Section in past years to obtain Government Farm vested in trustees for the public benefit. The experiment of continuing the excursions right through the winter months was again tried with success, only one engagement, that fixed for July, falling through on account of inclement weather. The attendance at both indoor meetings and excursions has been well maintained during the year. Protection of our Native Fauna and Flora.—A separate report deals with this important branch of the Section’s work. It will be seen therefrom that the consideration of the Bill for the Pro- tection of Birds has been the chief feature of this year’s efforts. fules.— During the year a revised edition of the Rules of the Section has been printed and distributed to the members. Sydney Science Congress.—Several members of this Section had the privilege of attending the meetings of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, held in Sydney in January last, and derived much protit and pleasure from their visit. Obituary.—Your Committee regret to have to record the death since last annual meeting of Messrs. T. Fabian and T. Evans, who: were Foundation members of the Section, and who audited its. accounts for many years past. Financial.—The subscriptions, as in the two previous years, have considerably exceeded the disbursements, and the Parent Society, therefore, continues to benefit financially by the Section’s existence. Membership.—More new members have joined than in the previous year, whilst more names have also been removed from the roll, so that the membership continues stationary. The number now on the list is 87. | M. Symonps Crark, Chairman W. H. Setway, Jun., Hon. Secretary. Adelaide, September 19, 1898. 263 TENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIVE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION COMMITTEE, TO BE PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 201TH SEPTEMBER, 1898. The Committee have met three times only in the past year ; but a great deal of attention has been given by members to the Birds and Other Animals Protection Bill. The late Minister of Education had promised to take charge of the Bill, which was printed by the Government, and the Committee had hoped that it might be passed by the last session of Parliament. Dr. Cockburn obtained leave for its introduction, but unfortunately did not proceed further with it. The Secretary had an opportunity of handing to Mr. A. J. Campbell, of Melbourne, whose articles on “ Australian Birds” in the Australasian are well known, a copy of the Bill, and he suggested alterations in some of the vernacular names in the first schedule (which the Committee decided should be embodied therein as alternative names), to make them agree with those adopted by the Committce of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. Recently a legal gentleman occupying a high position in Adelaide, who takes a very warm interest in the preservation of our birds, recommended several alterations in the Bill, the chief of which was the elimination of all reference to ‘‘ other animals,” and the change of the title to “The Birds’ Protection Bill.” The Bill was printed in its new form, and sent to the Secretary of the Society for the Protection of Birds, who forwarded it to this Committee. The phraseology had been altered, making it more concise and otherwise improving the Bill. After carefully con- sidering it, the Committee, though regretting the omission of the protection to “other animals,” which would have been afforded by their own Bill, decided to accept it, subject to a few altera- tions. The Committee hope that this Bill will be speedily introduced, so that it will become law this session. In the opinion of the Committee this question becomes daily of more importance, and recent action in Germany, France, and America shows the imperative necessity for protective legislation without which it is hopelesss to expect the preservation of many invaluable birds, whose destruction of insect pests tends so much to the successful cultivation of our vegetable products. But the Committee, feel that unless supported by public opinion the best legislation is liable to be inoperative. SAMUEL Dixon, Chairman. Adelaide, September 19, 1898. ‘IoInsvory, pue Arvya1909G ‘uOF, “NOe Sropiiw Abies tinh ey ete SHIH) Io abksay Mort its fy thoes aMion oir: yh! ge sai fake 5 mien < ; toy F veh} 2 bo! ieee ght . t PENA te t tebe si Aba eenaveiyet i ¢ +2 eT eee Co Perea (verde iA wis fd ' Takei Stary ‘Amaws sai y ORAL, titth-echatt 0) ob : ' ‘ Pp j . Pi a ht OW se 1G fe tot F gti sya reaper, 3 . aut : ac F. Ores i ghar by vi du, . Ms ree etd et aise H rahhas i : nei? ta ISPD | , ster 4 : 4 f i me f : ’ rh : A ‘hay : i 4 yy ee at] F 4° hi BORO BP ¥ Ae } at oti ee seSOAge, CANO ay) ieeieaty fou dd oe Evid ABRVITAT IA [ © oil ava 0 i y P 7 eek 884) 2 th Ae: notlameey H ag a a OC We ae h sie be ve , ‘ ‘ yer : aa: Ay tet PMR Us O8 UE atatta 940 ty i aeouub SipendiniolT i> “ol -qaok eats seer” Vd pene? vite ss NN | ; ; ang Lidesigietinlig i104 te OT eae me ‘ rip *y an suevy’ re De , whys AA ES 7 - iat: ; : $ 6 ak yi ails pA Sete ite) fast wtictatis? me 1, og . | s \ ‘ é. ' ; © wastibws lua proirt 3 geyin ote ty Fuld Eat Deeb Bt eda gy'y i S. - ita: if ' tay -s 7 e y vet GASNUbIMEL Aidliieeack «ibis ih de ona Ts: : den fav, eh bj Missa if - ya ; iin EL Nite MIRRORED IOE Wwad-> It ore re, . . ~ - ' j ' ‘ Sis ‘ i ‘ ni ’ | , niles 1 wees oe ¥ ' k ’ 7 - ta | 4, ’ F , : a2 ; », 7 ; 7 ‘ ¥ 4 ‘ ; i il / 4 in 4 i ax S j cei. ah Palen enens A 2 me "VO, hat os ys (oy): i e er ny | . 4 4 aes Pere of 4 , tage Th 5) aaa ne ai Ripe 5h dite 2p Plate I. Vol, XXII. Ns = Peta etaree wa ys Plate II, 4 s S Plate III. Vol. XXII. Tn kan auaite Wi 4 Plate IV. = bd p< 3 — ~A J Vol. XXII. Plate IV. Tg pel fe Cy rr TTT ager a Ne LD, AUS MMMM LAT y 15. l0p 7 eS LLLY — Renan C.Hedley del. Vol. XXII. Plate V. SSS 2223S LSS Bei ohn. sienna oe sree poten :hjescd Vol, XXiI. Plate VI. Vol 2x0 “Plate: Vi£ 7 aD i ZZ Se ~ < a Der “4 1898 | ao eeN SCE Tere OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. TAs 2 eee Lf i Orv € 3 ‘$ ; ¥ r ,. ] ” VOL. XXII, Part I. 3 [Wire] Four PLatEs. ] coy 3 EDITED BY PROFESSOR R. TATE. x a ISSUED AUGUST, 1898. “Adelaide : 5 W. GC. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. - c Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South : - Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed = : **per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co. Be 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.” CONTENTS. PART I. (Issued, August, 1898.) CKBURN, Rev. T.: ‘ew Genes. and Species of Australian — Pe g Coleoptera RSET, See seni. Gh oe ago 2 Pror. R.: : On two Deep-level Deposits of Newer Pleistocene : ae ap ecu, H. B.: ibes: on the Graphitic Slates and associated Rooks fered: ee in the Kalgoorlie District... rg or aa Sa ss : Part II. We = efits j ™ “2 eet z ?. “ re > a on fa UR PuatEs AND THREES Woopcurs. J 4— ¥: ¥ re Pr VIL. on Aa. ' — Nia ; - ith Part I. of Vol. xxiii. - set he a> 2% = PROFESSOR R. i th. ts : rae « _KING WILLIAM STREET. 7 ' ise ‘Society of | Sout « > ed > a . a ee PART Il. panes December, 1898.) TE, Pror, R.: On hen New cadiadcous Bpalvea ae Siento ee On. ‘Some Australian Species of Eulimid and x Pyramidellide (Plate IVa. pars} = ae. “On Some Recent and’ Fossil Australian Species of ~Philobrya (Plate IVa. pars.) -, .- : NER, Dr. Ay Ss EFFERIS : Notes on Australian Lepidoptera _ (Plate. i, & eee 3 ua care : oH, Max: A List of Plants collected ¢ on Mount: Lyndhurst Run, © SS > Spr eee rae a aS. 3 6 1 PRor. R.: On some Now or Little. known South Australian : -. Plants - Fz s Eagles tae : ig eee ‘in two South Australian Cruciferous Plants — PS a oe re ‘ER, ‘Dr. oA, | JEFFERIS : ; Desorption of N ew F Mirolepidopera = [eae Sor eto at eRe T. - “New. Genera and Species Dah Australian copter ra (XXIV. ) z ~L = -— ~i Eg - se aes et J i ‘Harnis : Re of the ee by Aborigines eee = mh Rs OCI 3 2044 106 294 995 panreteera tes Wavy +