i pide ratels tek Dat nt ry hts, yoseoies it Siar . > Pacer t te! . Pe mi bya Nine element, ener fees Hive CHEN Vreiaiyet a ( lan iti! Arastateleg to 4338 Ch strte ae i ' 7 * t i hiytte aroha 7 a Lint ey ee onde tee ori he it faethe el kis My vit, ft Sees Pett BAF vee Hain fun 9 41083 Siskin aan fetal - sey wn t erat i 4 pe " H erga st aE ARS oe \" pals Sannin) agi ecg IN. THREE” Bipesse OF D bt re ‘BERRY, - “MD, ‘Ep. > RCS, EDIN. 5 ERS, Ep. | (Professor of in the: doko ‘at ee ; and A. Wes UR ROBERTSON, M. Ds Mans. ; 3b ace Fal Vr TRANSACTIONS OF THE mene SOCCER TY "OR = VICTORIA. VOLUME VI. 1914. « JUN24 1926 RN Varreae muser CONTENTS. DIOPTROGRAPHIC TRACINGS IN THREE NORMA OF NINETY AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CRANIA. By RICHARD J. A. BERRY, M.D., Epin.; F.R.C.S., Epiv.; F.R.S., Ein. (Professor of Anatomy in the University of Melbourne); and A. W. D. ROBERTSON, M.D., Mets. ; (Formerly Victorian Government Research Scholar in the Anatomy Department of the University of Melbourne), Sp Authority: ALBERT J. MULLETT, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, MELBOURNE, 14481. , 1914. By Transfer ; cn ee AUN 22 4917 | _ DIOPTROGRAPHIC TRACINGS IN THREE NORMA OF NINETY AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CRANIA. The very favourable reception which has been awarded to our Atlas of “Dioptrographic Tracings of Fifty-two Tasmanian Crania” by both the scientific press and by private individuals, has induced us to undertake a similar publication for the Australian aboriginal. We are, of course, aware that Australian aboriginal crania are more numerously represented in museums outside Australia than are Tasmanian, and that therefore on the mere ground of rarity this publication cannot have the same value as our Tasmanian Atlas. Were this the only justification for the publication of such an Atlas as the present one, we should obviously not have undertaken it, but happily it is not. In the first place, it must be remembered, that the whole of the crania dealt with in the present work are located in Melbourne, and are not, therefore, accessible to any scientist in any other part of the world except at the expense of a long sea voyage, with the consequent expenditure of both time and money. Secondly, the Commonwealth Government of Australia has now prohibited, or is about to do so, the exportation of Australian aboriginal osteological material, and the source of supply to museums outside Australia will therefore probably be cut off, except by processes of exchange. Thirdly, the reviewers of our Tasmanian Atlas, in such reputable journals as Nature, the Lancet, the British Medical Journal, L’ Anthropologie, and others, have almost unanimously expressed the keenest satisfaction at this material being collected and made available before it is too late. Apart, therefore, from any question of mere rarity, it seems to us that we have here three sufficiently cogent reasons for the publication of the present series of Australian aboriginal crania. In view of certain criticism which was levelled at our similar Atlas of Tasmanian crania to the effect that ‘the scientific value of the publication would have been greatly enhanced if the authors had included the results of the elaborate Study they have made of this new collection of Tasmanian crania,” the object of this, as of our former work, must not be misunderstood. We are solely desirous of making available to our scientific colleagues elsewhere, material of a valuable character, and which is otherwise inaccessible, and which runs the further risk of being lost in the process of time unless so collected. We do not desire to impose 4 our own deductions derived from a study of this material upon those who may hold different opinions from ourselves, and hence we do not incorporate here, nor did we do so with the Tasmanian tracings, the result of our own observations on highly debatable questions, with the material itself. The conclusions which we ourselves drew from the Tasmanian material have been published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Volume 31, 1910, and similarly the conclusions which it 1s our intention to deduce from the present material will be made available elsewhere, and in due course. Thus those who desire to make use of the present material for other purposes will have a free hand both now and for the future. That this procedure is the correct one is, we think, justified by the many private communications which have reached us from Anthropologists in all parts of the world, and by the further fact that Professor Sergi, of Rome, Dr. F. G. Parsons, of London, Mr. L. W. G. Biichner, of Melbourne, and others, have already availed themselves of the opportunities afforded by the Tasmanian publication. Such being the objects and aims of the present work, we may now be permitted to point out that we have herein reproduced dioptrographic tracings of 90 Australian aboriginal crania in three life size norme, nately, norma lateralis, norma facialis, and norma verticalis, lettered respectively and uniformly A, B, C. Concerning the choice of both the total number of crania and of the norme recorded, this has been solely restricted by the cost of reproduction. Had there been an unlimited supply of money available, we could easily have dealt with all four norme of several hundred Australian aboriginal crania. Lack of funds alone has prevented our doing so. The technique of the drawing was as folllows:—The crania were oriented in the Frankfort plane in the Kubuskraniophor, and then drawn by means of Martin’s dioptrograph in the three norme specified. As the number of crania so dealt with numbers 90, it follows that there are 270 life size tracings in the present work. In the various drawings the alveoli dentales are recorded in black, as are any other cavities occurring in each specimen. The various anthropological points are indicated by round black dots, and will be readily recognised by every craniologist- They are labelled throughout as follows :— G is the giabella. Br, the bregma. L, the lambda. I, the inion. (), the opisthion. Ba, the basion. P, the prosthion. N. the nasion. D, the dacryon. NS, the nasal spine. 5 Concerning the source whence these crania were derived, it is important to note that with six exceptions all are from the South-east part of Australia, that is, are a homogeneous collection from a region south of the Murray River. The six exceptions are derived from Queensland, and are numbered 32 to 37, both inclusive. Numbers | to 37, both inclusive, are from crania located in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Melbourne. The remainder are housed in the National Museum, Melbourne. As the former series is obviously more accessible to us than the latter, it follows that we had very good and sufficient reasons for drawing on the National Museum collection rather than upon the University series. The latter collection, now numbering about 200 crania, as well as a large collection of bones from all other parts of the skeleton, is, however, freely open for investigation to any Anthropologist who may care to visit Melbourne for that purpose. We are very specially desirous of directing attention to the fact that the publication of this, as of our previous work on the Tasmanian crania, has only been made possible by the exceeding generosity of the Victorian Government. For the former work we are specially indebted to the then Victcrian Premier, Mr. John Murray, and for the present work to the present Premier, Mr. W. A. Watt. To both of these gentlemen, as well as to their colleagues in the Victorian Cabinet, we desire to record our very deep indebtedness and most grateful thanks. It must be as gratifying to these gentlemen as it is to us t) see that their public spirited action in this matter has been recorded in the pages of L’ Anthropologie, as furnishing an example to the Governments of the civilized world. We also desire to express our thanks to the Council of the Royal Society for their assistance in this matter, and to Mr. Mullett, the Government Printer, for the eare and labour which he has bestowed upon the publication, University of Melbourne, 1914, 6 The present location of the ecrania, with their Museum number and their corresponding number in the present work, are as follow :— Anatomy Present National Present Department. Work. Museum. Work. VictoriaBb4 4.5) 2 iL ANB. Victoria ... 130054 Ac 46 A.B.C. 3 2 NB (Co 12999 Aae NY INJBKCs 4 SPAwBECs 12991 48 A.B.C. 6 4 A.B.C. 12980 aes 49 A.B.C. i 5wAUBACe 129604 sas 50 A.B.C. 10 6 A.B.C: 12736 000 51 A.B.C. 12 t Ags 12724 ile 52 A.B.C. 13 SieAwBiC? 12971 Be HB AIRC 14 9 A.B.C. 12968 DAWAWBLCE 15 10 A.B.C. 12967 55 A.B.C. 16 Tl ANI BC. 12966 56 A.B.C. 17 12 A.B.C! 12975 o7 A.B.C. 19 IB ABC), 12965 58 A.B.C. 2) 14 A.B.C. 12987 59 A.B.C. il lowAw bac. 12988 60 A.B>C. 22 1B AgBCe 13018 Oil AJBLCr 30 WAG @e 12974 62) A.B-C: 32 19 ABO 12979 63 A.B.C. 34 IO) AIBC. 12837 64 A.B.C. 35 X) ANB. 130114 65 A.B.C. ol Dil AB.CL 1380084 66 A B.C. 38 22 A.B.C. 130104 67 ABC: 39 DS IN nl Oh 12970 68 A.B.C. 4] DAVACISs Cr 13002 69 A B.C. 42 DS INC 130034 tee 10 Ad BIC. 43 YS ASO, 13004A osc Ci AGBsCs 45 Bil INNRAGE 1297 ‘es 12 ABC: 47 BS) IN) Be 12978 133 INABAC, 49 29 A B.C. 12981 TE BIBC. 51 30.AE BEG 12321 75 A.BC. 53 31 A.BC. 12322 16 ABB AC. Queensland 54(94°3) 1 BY AN IBC), 12963 v7 A.B.C. 2 Ba) AN 1B3.(Ole 12964 78 A.B.C. 6 34 A.B.C. 12969 79 A.B.C. 1l Bs AN 15.Ols 12986 80 A.B.C. 12 80) AIBC. 12925 SIAR BECs 13 BY NIB Co | 129738 &2 A.B.C. National Museum.. | 13027 83 A.B.C. Victoria we AIOE oe} AN IBCio | 12738 84 A.B.C. 13025 39 A.B.C. | 12739 Oy), AIBC 12989 QM AIBC. | 12810 56 A.B.C. 130064 AlmACB Cr 12982 87 A.B.C. 12995 42 A.B.C. - 130074 88 A.B.C. 13026 43 ABC. | 12836 89 A.B.C. 13001 44 A.B.C. 12800 90 A.B.C. 13023 45 A.B.C. By Authority : ALBertT J. MULLETT, Government Printer, Melbourne. fi et ry Ue A The - Br 64 ‘ea 1A ae Pn ae eee m may vie ae chee Ss ie ; Lay ‘ ieartii. salt pet 2A ; 25 3 A he 3 ek baa wena Chie 3 C pe) he 4 4 fi yy? { > ‘ v i é i = u . a hin baron ee A . : d ; } + ; : | P < Ee f - 7 ? ~ ‘ i ) hy Mics \ 7 | Sie apt : , A *) ’ i J : i 1) x ~ : he tes el i age, (vt antes a Z a Z | Se myyynat a palsy & aes Oo2 A i 4 “. | : eae : ¥ a 3 , > ; } ee ‘ ri te . ud : NG 15 P Be ei d a . 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