Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/transactionsofwo1939worc TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the year ending December 8, 1939 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1939 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS MRS. HOMER GAGE S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT Worcester, Mass. No. Grafton, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester LIBRARIAN MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester TRUSTEES Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Miss Elizabeth R. Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Auburn Still River Bishop Sutton Clinton Clinton Boylston Boylston Shrewsbury Shrewsbury Auburn Charles Potter West Boylston Albert W. Schneider Clinton Myron S. Wheeler Berlin Mrs. Mary D. White Holden Ernest P. Bennett Worcester Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester Willis E. Cary Worcester Frederick H. Chamberlain Worcester J. Frank Cooper Worcester Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester Mrs. Florence C. Emorv Worcester Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Worcester Ernest Hansen Worcester Allen W. Hixon Worcester AUyne W. Hixon Worcester Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Worcester H. Ward Moore Worcester Harry I. Randall Worcester Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester George F. E. Story Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, 1940 Harry Harrison, 1941 Leonard C. Midgley, 1939 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Chandler Bullock, 1940 John H. Brooks, Jr., 1941 Arthur E. Howard, 1939 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney J. Frank Cooper Leonard C. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins Mrs. Amy W. Smith ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Joseph A. Allen Allen W. Hixon Elizabeth R. Bishop Allyne W. Hixon Edward W. Breed Leonard C. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport H. Ward Moore Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey Mrs. Florence E. Field Charles Potter Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Mrs. William W. Taft Myron F. Converse, President Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary AUDITORS Harry C. Midgley Arthur H. Bellows H. Ward Moore JUDGES Plants and Flowers: William Anderson, Still River Fruit: S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester MEDAL COMMITTEE Myron F. Converse, Chairman Edward W. Breed Allen W. Hixon ON winter meetings Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence C. Emory Leonard C. Midgley Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs H. Ward Moore Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street S. Lothrop Davenport, V ice-President PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS To the Members of the \V orcester County Horticultural Society: "Time marches on" is a slogan true indeed, but in its application to the affairs of this Society might well be added "with a sturdy tread," because horticultural information has been gathered and diffused through the efforts of this agency throughout the ninety-nine years which have elapsed since its inception. The doings of the year under review have given strong evidence of unabated effort in pur- suing the charted course. The idea of labelling specimens on exhibition, featured by the Department of Agriculture in connection with its work in Washing- ton, is gaining local attention, especially in the weekly shows of this Society. Notable exhibits appearing in our shows during the year have attracted wide attention. The Exhibition program began with the Spring Show in March, which was followed by the weekly exhibits held each Thursday during the flowering season, and con- cluded in November with the Chrysanthemum Show. The Lecture Course, begun in January and conducted through the remainder of the winter months, proved to be an additional source of information, and thus the Society has produced an abundance of instruction in the art of cultivation of plant life. These programs likewise have abounded in ideas on the attractive arrangement of plants and shrubs used for the beautification of grounds about houses, as well as for new and better use of flowers for home and table decoration. The labor and oversight required to carry on this work have been rendered with a willingness and understanding which deserves the highest commendation. The cordial relations existing in our Society are best expressed in the exchange of greetings at the Reunions, held each year during the month of March, to which all are welcome. A word of appreciation is due the members of The Worcester Garden Club and other kindred groups who have been co-operative with us in many undertakings. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 A fire occurred on Sunday evening, September third last, which did damage to Horticultural Hall, the stage, and seriously damaged the paneling, floor, ceiling, and contents of the lounge leading from the Library used as the Secretary's office. The loss has been adjusted with the Insurance Companies, and the work of restoration is now under way. The usefulness of this Society to its members and to the com- munity is enlarged from time to time by helpful suggestions, which always are welcomed by your various officers and committee members. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, President Worcester, Massachusetts December 7, 1939. SECRETARY'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society : Our lecture course for 1939 was along our usual lines with all lectures illustrated. January 12, "Trees," by E. Porter Felt, D.Sc, of Stamford, Conn. This lecture while not so beautiful as many of the lectures we have had was of especial interest at this time and should be of more in the future as it was largely confined to the destruction by the Cyclone of September 21, 1938. Many of the pictures showed the power of the storm. Dr. Felt gave lists of varieties that stood the storm better than others. I hope that when the next storm of this kind comes our members will be able to turn to this lecture in our Transactions and compare notes with those of Dr. Felt. January 19, "Adventures in Rose Growing," by J. Horace Mc- Farland, of Harrisburg, Pa. We had made several attempts to secure Mr. McFarland for a lecture here on roses and were much pleased when we were for- tunate enough to make a date. He showed on the screen and described many of the new and standard varieties and gave much rose history. January 26, "Garden Pictures Through the Year," by Mrs. Anne Leonard, of North Easton, Massachusetts. This proved to be our most beautiful lecture; not only were the pictures beautiful but the one who took them certainly knew how to get beautiful views and they were very interesting. The first shown was one of the crocuses, "Glory of the Snow," and the last one, the "Christmas Rose." February 2, Lecture, "Color, Artistic Arrangement of Flowers and Their Care," by Mabel E. Bollerer, of West Hartford, Conn. She used mostly large, rather coarse flowers in large containers and showed them in the most modern line arrangements. There seemed to be much interest in both her arrangements and her description of her combinations. 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 February 9, "Enchanting Ireland," by Mrs. Robert Parmenter, of Amherst, Mass. This lecture was interesting, but the pictures were most of them taken when there was more rain than sunshine which is not uncom- mon in that country. February 16, Lecture, "Lure and Lore of the Wild Flowers," by J. Henry Tiney, Royal Attractions, Boston, Mass. The pictures were good and the lecture well put together and brought out many points not usually thought about by the average person. February 23, Illustrated Lecture by Mr. Robert S. Lanning and music by Miss Marianne Channon, Royal Attractions, Boston, Mass. Mr. Lanning spoke briefly of the method of making his pictures and showed many beautiful views, many of them in the vicinity of Providence, R. I. Miss Channon gave many very fine selections on the harp. March 16, 1939, The Annual Reunion. The Library was deco- rated with roses, iris, stocks and palms. In the receiving line were President and Mrs. Converse, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr., Dr. William B. Bailey, and Reverend and Mrs. Walter A. Morgan. Dol Brissette's orchestra furnished music for the reception. Following the reception the guests proceeded to the dining room which was decorated with red roses. The Divine Blessing was invoked by Reverend Mr. Morgan of the Chestnut Street Congregational Church. Mr. Lunt furnished a fine turkey dinner. Following the dinner the President, Myron F. Converse, gave a short address of welcome and introduced the speaker of the evening, Dr. William B. Bailey, of New Haven, Connecticut, whose subject was "Hoboes." Dr. Bailey said that his interest in the Hoboes began some years ago when he was put in charge of the Organized Charities of New Haven, with the special duty of ridding the city of them. He had lived with them and studied their methods of living and found they liked good food and preferred a nice thick sandwich with a thick slice of meat in the center to pie or cake. He described some of their methods of getting money, some of them new to some of us. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 9 Following the lecture we adjourned to the Auditorium where the Worcester Light Opera Company presented the delightful sketch, "Trial by Jury," by Gilbert and Sullivan. This was followed by dancing. As there is no one alive now that was on the Committee of Arrangements when I was chosen a member, it might be in order to say something about the condition then and some of the changes since. The Society was more than fifty years old at that time. I had been interested in the exhibitions most of my life. At this time there were nearly the same number of exhibitions held as now and on prac- tically the same dates. The shows called for the exhibits to be arranged by 2:15 and the Hall was in the exclusive charge of the Secretary and Janitor between 2:15 and 3 o'clock. There were three Judges, the same as today, and while they were not elected for life there were seldom any changes. The exhibitions were open to the public free from 3 o'clock to 4:30 p.m. There were two reasons for this short exhibition, because many of the exhibitors wished to take their exhibits, and wanted time to do a half day's work before bedtime. Often the Secretary, Janitor, and one member of the Committee had to get the Hall cleared, cleaned and the chairs back in for a 7:30 p.m. party. This was when the Society was getting something like four thousand dollars a year from hall rentals. There was the Chrysanthemum Exhibition held in November on practically the same dates as now with hours 3 o'clock to 10 o'clock p.m., and 9 o'clock a.m. to 9 o'clock p.m. There was an admission fee of from ten to twenty-five cents to prevent an undesirable class of patrons. At first this exhibition was confined to chrysanthemums and many of the calls were for potted plants. In the later shows, probably from less interest in large chrysanthemums, there were added some ferns and foliage plants. Still later there were some apples called in this exhibition. When I joined this committee there were some of the "Stands" used that 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 some of you will remember, but vases and baskets were coming into common use and displays of flowers were beginning to be called for, but they were not like the present ones. There were many calls for potted plants and calls for florists and private growers. There has been a great falling off in the number of varieties of pears, plums and peaches. While fruit was not really judged by weight, the scales were always on the job. In 1924 when it was decided to lease the whole Front Street property to the Woolworth Company and seek a new location we were fortunate in securing Elm Crest, our present property. There were two small halls which we used for our exhibitions and a lar^e room on the Elm Street side which held our desks and bookcases for several hundred of the books that there was the most call for. The balance of the books and considerable of our other property was stored in the basement of the Worcester Mutual, across the street. We had our courses of lectures the same as usual but only a few were illustrated. When it was decided to build a new building we were fortunate in securing temporary quarters in Foster Hall with the Business and Professional Woman's Club. We had a large room which we used for our office, library, and to store what things we needed for our exhibitions. The Hall was small but there was an attractive stage and we had some nice exhibitions. We had no lectures as it was thought best to save the money to help dedication of our new home. Our Spring Exhibition, March 8—11, 1928, was held in the new Horticultural Building and was filled with the best exhibition ever held in Worcester. The attendance was large. The Annual Reunion and Dedication of the Building was held April 12, 1928. It was dignified and very interesting. Children's Exhibitions were started in 1904, for children under fourteen years of age. There was an appropriation of fifty dollars for prizes for flowers and vegetables. There was more money and more premiums later. In 1920 there was a class for children from fourteen to twenty-one and a larger appropriation. This made it possible for children with considerable experience to continue exhibiting and our exhibitions WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 1 1 improved rapidly until at this time our Children's Exhibitions filled the Auditorium and the West Room with very interesting exhibitions. I hope that when you are holding your Annual Meeting sixty years hence, some of your members can say, "I got my interest in this Society when I was interested in the Children's Exhibitions." The exhibitions the past season have been very satisfactory. The unprecedented drought has been hard on some exhibitors but has helped those who have water or moist soil. There has not been so much disease but in some cases more trouble from insects. The very warm but pleasant autumn has been favorable for the late crops. Unless there is more money appropriated for premiums it will be necessary at least to cut off some of the increases in the premiums made last year, which were made possible by using some of our accumulated interest from our funds. There will not be so much as last year. I feel that one of our expensive attractions, Table Decoration, is not keeping up to its former standards, although Mrs. Gage's Thanksgiving Tables last month seem to show signs of returning to normal. While we are having weekly exhibitions, it is essential to have some things every week that are not called for and the only way to get them is to have some money for prizes. While there are some exhibits that are not called for that should have a prize equal to a first premium in that class, we should remember that in most of our exhibits the first premium is the best in quite a large number of entries. In classes that normally fill and for reasons generally beyond the control of the exhibitor, it is well to recognize them with a larger premium than the quality would wrarrant, if the class were full. Respectfully submitted, Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Worcester, Massachusetts December 7, 1939. TREASURER'S REPORT For the Year Ending December 6, 1939 Statement of Income and Expenditures Income Rent: Hall $590.00 Stores 39,999.96 $40,589.96 Permanent Funds: Membership Fund $106 •41 Blake Fund 57 .00 Dewey Fund 25 ■l5 Draper Fund 30 00 Eames Fund 31 5° Hadwen Fund .... 90 00 Morse Fund 1 1 5° Membership Fees. . . Interest Earned: Permanent Funds. Investments Winter Meetings. >H3-97 240.40 Other Income: Mabel K. Gage. . . $50.00 H. R. Kinney .... 3°-5° Retirement of Class A Stock, Worcester County Trust Company Furniture and Fixtures, Sale of Chairs Rebate of Insurance Premium. 35M6 100.00 384.37 177.00 80.50 130.00 12.00 1.38 Insurance collected on account of fire, 30 Elm Street building 12,161.50 Premiums unclaimed 1937. • • . .50 Elizabeth N. Coulson Estate Bequest 1 ,000.00 $54,988.77 Cash Balance, December 1, 1938 1,040.44 $56,029.21 Expenditures Library Winter Meetings Periodicals Publications Premiums: " Of 1939 $6,589.25 $70.96 1,086.85 72.78 850.65 Special Children's Blake Fund .... Draper Fund. . . Eames Fund . . . Hadwen Fund . . Morse Fund ... . 80.50 257.10 57.00 30.00 3 M0 90.00 11.50 7,146.8; Expense: Exhibitions $418.77 Office 455-^5 Operating 333.12 Miscellaneous. . . . 469.15 1,676.89 Maintenance: Furniture and Fix- tures Real Estate $450.47 i9J-43 Salaries Interest paid on mortgage .... Interest Added to Permanent Funds Interest Added to Investments. Insurance Light, Heat, and WTater Janitor Service Mortgage Reductions (Front Street Property) Transfer to Membership Fund . Returned to Investments Furniture and Fixtures Repairs and replacements of fire damage Coulson Fund — Investment. . . 641 .90 2,854.00 5,930.22 143-91 240.40 845.46 1 ,084.19 2,726.50 1 5,000.00 100.00 ] 30.00 M-25 3,051.08 1 ,000.00 $44,665.95 Cash Balance, December 6, 1939 1 1,363.2 $56,029.21' Statement of Gains and Losses Gains Unexpended Balances of Appropriations: Children's Exhibi- tions $42.90 Salaries 21.00 Premiums Appro- priated 235.75 $299.65 Membership Fees 100.00 Income from Permanent Funds 35 1 -5^ Rents 40,589.96 Unclaimed Premium — 1937. . . .50 Other Income 80.50 .1,422.17 Losses Appropriations $10,000.00 Depreciation 1,243.82 Special and Permanent Fund Premiums 300.50 Expense Accounts 1,676.89 Insurance '844.08 Interest 5,689.82 Janitor Service 2,726.50 Light, Heat, and Water 1.084.19 Maintenance Accounts 641.90 Periodicals 72-?8 Publications 850.65 Winter Meetings 909.85 $26,040.98 Net Gain to Surplus 15,381.19 $41,422.17 I i f Statement of Assets and Liabilities Assets Permanent Funds (Investment) People's Sav. Bk. (Hadwen Fund) $1,105.95 Wor. Five Cts. Sav. Bk. (Draper Fund) 400.72 (EamesFund). 572. 1 9 (Morse Fund) . 525-25 Wor. Co. Inst, for Sav. (Coulson Fund) 1,010.42 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk. (Blake Fund) . . 1,386.75 (Dewey Fund). 1,000.00 (McW7illiam Fund) 209.09 #6,210.37 Investments: Wor. Co. Inst. for Sav $3,219.76 Wor. Five Cents Sav. Bank .... Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk Wor. Co. Trust Co. 65 shs. Class A Stock at $10 per share 3,263.01 3,460.97 650.00 10,593.74 Membership Fund 4,370.00 Real Estate 480,000.00 Furniture and Fixtures 19,823.96 Library 1,804.05 Cash 11,363.26 Liabilities Blake Fund: Principal Income Coulson Fund: Principal Income Dewey Fund: Principal Income Draper Fund: Principal Income Eames Fund: Principal Income Hadwen Fund: Principal Income Mc William Fund: Principal Income Morse Fund: Principal Income Mortgage Note, Front Street Property Fire Damage Insurance Unex- pended Surplus: Balance, Dec. 1, I938- $364,463.40 Net Gain, 1939. . 15,381.19 $1,000.00 386.75 1,000.00 10.42 1,000.00 0.00 300.00 100.72 500.00 72.19 1,000.00 105.95 200.00 9.09 500.00 "25.25 139,000.00 9,1 10.42 379,844.59 1534,165.38 #534,165.38 Respectfully submitted, B. W. Greenwood, Treasurer Auditor's Certificate I have examined the books of the Treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, together with vouchers, securities, and bank balances, for the year ending December 6, 1939, and find them to be correct. Adah B. Johnson, Accountant We have caused an audit of the books of the Treasurer to be made for the year ending December 6, 1939, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved. Respectfully submitted, Arthur H. Bellows, Harry C. Midgley, H. Ward Moore, A uditors Worcester, Massachusetts December 6, 1939 LIBRARIAN'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the W ore ester County Horticultural Society: It is with pleasure that I report a little better than the usual activity in the Library during the past year. Five hundred books and periodicals have been in circulation during the year and many taken down and used by readers in the Library. It is very fortunate that the fire did not damage the Library to any great extent. Out of about two hundred books on shelves in Mr. Kinney's room, badly burned and charred by the fire, we salvaged ninety-four good enough and of sufficient interest to warrant having them re- bound. Great interest is being shown in Flower Arrangement and if we had duplicates of our many books on that subject, they would be in constant circulation. Perhaps that is not necessary as our patrons seem very patient waiting their turn. Also the interest in Gourds has increased rapidly and we were obliged to duplicate L. H. Bailey's "The Garden of Gourds." The 1938 issues of Horticulture and The Gardener' *s Chronicle of America have been bound; also all our Transactions up to date. We have received and acknowledge with gratitude the gift of the following books from Mrs. Herbert P. Emory: Bulbs that Bloom in the Spring, by T. A. Weston, 1926. F lower Arrangement, by F. F. Rockwell and Esther C. Grayson, 1935. New Gardens for Old, by E. S. Ortloff and H. B. Raymore, 1934. Adam's Profession and Its Conquest by Eve, by Julian R. Meade, 1936. The regular Bulletins from the Arnold Arboretum, Cornell Uni- versity, Purdue University, Massachusetts State College and Con- necticut State College have been received, and we continue to have the best of horticultural literature, found in magazines on the tables in the Library. New books added to our catalogue this year, other than the gifts already mentioned, were the following: 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 Hedges, Screens and Windbreaks, by Donald Wyman, 1938. The Gardener 's Travel Book, by Edward I. Farrington, 1938. Flowers, East-West, by J. Gregory Conway, 1938. The Gladiolus Year Book for 1939. Edible Mushrooms and Hozv to Knozv Them, by Nina Lane Faubian, 1939. Lily Year Book of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1938. Propagation of Plants, by Kains and McQuesten, 193 8. What to Do with Herbs, by Mary Cable Dennis, 1939. America?i Delfhinium Society Year Book for 1938. The Americait Rose Annual for 1939 . The Vegetable Garden, by Edward I. Farrington, 1939. The Garde?i of Larksfurs, by L. H. Bailey, 1939. Lilies for American Gardens, by George L. Slate, 1939. The World Was My Garden, by David Fairchild, 1938. Hardy Chrysanthemums, by Alex. Cummings, Jr., 1939. Miniature Flower Arrangement, by Edith Mason and Edith Waas, 1939. The Book of Garden Magic, by Roy E. Biles, 193 5. 1939 Bulletins of the American Iris Society. Bego?iias and How to Grow Them, by Bessie Buxton, 1939. Herbs, How to Grow and How to Use Them, by Helen Noyes Web- ster, 1939. The Potato, by William Stuart, 1939. A Dictionary of Scientific Terms, by J. F. Henderson and J. H. Kenneth, 1939. Cacti for the Amateur, by Scott E. Haselton, 1939. Succulents for the Amateur, by J. R. Brown, Alain White, Boyd L. Sloane and G. W. Reynolds, Edited by Scott E. Haselton, 1939. The American Lily Book, by the American Horticultural Society, 1939. Practical Plant Breeding, bv W. J. C. Lawrence, 1939. Hannony in Flower Design, arrangements by Isabel T. Ackerman, Rose B. Housekeeper and Emma E. Thasher. Respectfully submitted, Florence E. Field, Librarian Edward W. Breed, Chairman of the Library Committee Worcester, Massachusetts December 7, 1939 REPORT OF JUDGE OF FRUIT Mr. President and Members of the W orcester County Horticultural Society : After the hurricane of 1938 with the damage and destruction of thousands of fruit trees, it hardly seems possible that 1939 would record the largest crop of apples that New England has ever had. Almost every tree, whether it was standing, or still left on its side as the hurricane placed it, made a most gallant effort, in spite of the drought in July, to produce a most bountiful crop. Although many of the apples were rather small, the total yield surpassed everyone's expectations, so that once more the fruit growers of New England experienced a great surplus of apples. The government, however, came to the rescue of the fruit growers and purchased thousands of boxes of apples for distribution to the Welfare Board. Although the apple crop was most abundant, many of the other fruits did not make so good a showing, and during the year winter killing destroyed most of the blackberry patches and about 75 per cent of the fields of raspberries, so that very few were shown. Strawberries were not very plentiful and six plates were the most shown at any exhibit. Currants, gooseberries and blueberries came through much better and many plates of fine fruit were shown. On July 6 twelve plates of currants were shown and on July 20 we had seven plates of blueberries. Grapes suffered heavily last fall but made a good comeback this season, and we had a fair showing on September 7 with twenty- eight plates of fair quality. Concord and Niagara were again in the lead in the number of plates shown. Plums, peaches and cherries all produced very light crops this season and very few plates were exhibited, in fact many varieties were not shown at all. Pears came through much better and many fine plates of Bartlett, Seckel, Sheldon, Bosc and Anjou were shown, along with other varieties. Bosc was the leading variety this season with eleven plates exhibited on September 28. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 19 Apples made a fine showing throughout the season with many fine plates, 49's, baskets, boxes, trays and displays. On October 5 about seventy plates of apples were exhibited and at the November Show about forty. On October 19, seven 49's were exhibited but at the November Show we had twenty-two. These made a fine showing. Mcintosh is again our most popular apple but in some of the shows the Baldwin took the lead in the number of plates, boxes and 49's. On September 21, it was interesting to note that six plates of Hub- bardstons were displayed, some very fine. It rather looks as if a few of the old varieties are still with us. This season more and better displays of fruit were made than for several years. September 28 brought out seven and at the November Show we had eight displays of fruit, some of which were exceptionally fine. During the season we have had many baskets of pears, apples and other fruit and feel very strongly that these baskets of fruit could be greatly improved and made a most attractive part of our exhibits. Again this year flats of apples were called and on October 19 eighteen flats were shown and these made a good addition to the show. This class of exhibits could be enlarged for 1940 and possibly the calls for bushel boxes could be reduced. In general the fruit exhibits of 1939 compared favorably with other years in spite of the July drought and the many hail storms in various parts of the country, but let us hope that 1940 may be more kind to the fruit growers and that our exhibits may be better and larger than ever before. Respectfully submitted, S. Lothrop Davenport, Judge of Fruit Worcester, Massachusetts December 7, 1939. REPORT OF THE JUDGE OF VEGETABLES Mr. President and Members of the W orcester County Horticultural Society: With the passing of the annual Chrysanthemum Show of our Society I am reminded that another season of exhibitions has closed and that it is time for me to submit my report as Judge of Vegetables for the year 1939. The exhibits of vegetables at the March Show were very good both in quantity and quality, though not so good as in most recent years. This, I think, may have been due, in part at least, to the destruction of the greenhouses of some of our regular exhibitors and the damage by the hurricane of 1938 to the vegetables that are stored during the winter and exhibited at this show. At the April 27, May 11, June 8, and June 15 Exhibitions the showings of vegetables were much fewer than usual with the excep- tion of the exhibits of Rhubarb, especially the Victoria variety, of which there were a large number of exhibits of some of the finest specimens it has ever been my privilege to judge. From the June 22 Exhibition, however, the exhibits of vegetables have been quite plentiful, of the usual good quality and, with a few exceptions, ready for exhibition when scheduled. Among the early season vegetables of which there were especially good showings were the Peas and the Wax Beans. Later there were two exceptionally fine showings of Summer Squash on July 13 and July 27. Tomatoes were extra good this year and on August 31 there were about thirty plates shown in the three classes, while on September 7 the displays of Tomatoes more than filled one long table in the West Hall. Potatoes were more abundant this season and of better quality, and at the September 21 Exhibition we had six exhibits of excep- tionally fine Potatoes in the call for "Six Varieties." Mushrooms were quite plentiful, extra large and of extra fine quality, especially at the Exhibition on August 31, due probably to o w PQ > o Q W w PQ Q Pi < >> 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 the very favorable weather. These attracted much deserved attention. At the Chrysanthemum Show in November the exhibit of Gourds and Accessories, by the New England Gourd Society, artistically arranged in the entry of the Lower Hall and the "Harvesting" scene, in the Lobby, with a background of evergreens and an old-fashioned rail fence, shocks of corn and grain, baskets of fruits and vegetables, an old-fashioned bee-hive, an ox-yoke, a gamecock and numerous other articles in the center and foreground, exhibited by the Thayer Farm, both drew much attention and well deserved praise. The two Children's Exhibitions were held as usual the past season and they compared very favorably with those of other years. One thing that I noticed about the exhibitions this year which was a bit unusual was the fact that the first exhibition of the season was better than the last, while in most years it has been just the reverse. At the close of my report for 1938 I expressed the hope that we would have more co-operation from the weatherman. There was, at least, some improvement this past season. I still think, however, that there is an opportunity for more improvement in 1940. But, perhaps the weatherman will not be able to do anything about it in 1940 unless he can be sure of the day upon which spring will begin. That also may be set ahead by Executive Decree, who knows? Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore, Judge of Vegetables Worcester, Massachusetts December 7, 1939. REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society : The real estate belonging to this Society has continued to afford the means whereby our year's program has been maintained in com- fort and free of financial anxiety — the Horticultural Building, Elm Street, affording the housing facilities, while the other parcel, Front Street, has yielded an income sufficient to meet all requirements. These conditions are a source of gratification for which we might well observe two Thanksgiving Days each year. An incident which occurred on Sunday evening, September 3, preceding Labor Day, has been a source of much inconvenience. A fire occurred in Horticultural Building which did not, however, interrupt the work of the Society, but it has occasioned a re-arrange- ment of some details of it. The building, however, is fire-proof — the fire demonstrated that fact — but the finish and furnishings suffered considerable damage, for which a fire loss was settled with the insurance companies in the amount of $12,161.50. Your Commit- tee is proceeding with the restoration of the damaged property, and fair progress already has been made in connection therewith. Your Committee recommends that the amount of $10,000 be appropriated at this time for use by the Trustees for the payment during the ensuing year of premiums and salaries. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, Leonard C. Midgley, Harry Harrison, Finance C ommittee Worcester, Massachusetts December 7, 1939. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY Thursday, December 1, 1938 President Myron F. Converse called the meeting to order at 10 a.m. Forty-one present. Secretary read the call for the meeting. Secretary read the records of the last Annual Meeting of the Society. President Converse declared them approved. President Converse delivered his Annual Address. The following reports were read: Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney; Treasurer, Burt W. Greenwood; Librarian, Mrs. Florence E. Field; Library Committee, Edward W. Breed; Judge of Flowers, William Anderson; Judge of Fruit, S. Lothrop Davenport; Judge of Vegetables, H. Ward Moore. Report of the Finance Committee, Mr. Harry Harrison. These reports were accepted and adopted and referred to the Committee on Library and Publication. Vice-President Davenport presented a Memorial on the death of our late Vice-President Herbert A. Cook. This was accepted and was to be spread on our records. Mr. Harold S. Bowker reported for the Nominating Committee. President Myron F. Converse appointed Mr. Ernest P. Bennett and Mr. Forrest Wheeler a committee to distribute, collect, and count the ballots. They reported 4 1 ballots cast, all for the candidates nominated. President Myron F. Converse declared them elected. Adjourned. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary ANNUAL MEETING OF THE TRUSTEES Thursday, December 8, 1938 President Myron F. Converse called the Meeting to order at 10 a.m. Twenty-four present. Secretary read the records of the last Annual Meeting of the Trustees. President Converse declared them approved. President Converse said that this meeting appointed the Committees and Judges and apportioned the sum of $10,000, appropriated by the Finance Committee for premiums and salaries, and that you will find a list of the present ones in the Premium lists you have. He thought that things had gone quite smoothly this year when you realize that there had been an all time record fall of rain in July, and on September 21 the worst hurricane in 120 years. President Converse asked if there was any change recommended in the Committees or Judges. There being none, Mr. Allen J. Jenkins made a motion that the same Committee and Judges serve another year. So voted. Mrs. Percy G. Forbes spoke in favor of ladies having charge of table decorations. President Converse appointed Mrs. Percy G. Forbes, Mrs. Ber- tha G. Denny, Mrs. William W. Taft, Mrs. Florence E. Field, and Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop as the Committee on Table Decorations. The following appropriations were voted: Appropriation $10,000.00 Premiums Flowers $1,800.00 Fruits 1,000.00 Vegetables 800.00 Children's Exhibition .... 300.00 Spring Exhibition 1,600.00 Chrysanthemum Exhibition 1,400.00 Miscellaneous 225.00 $7,125.00 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 Salaries Treasurer $350.00 Secretary 1,000.00 Librarian . 1,000.00 Assistant to Secretary 125.00 Judges 400.00 $2,875.00 $10,000.00 Adjourned. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary ANNUAL MEETING OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Thursday, December 8, 1938 President Myron F. Converse called the meeting to order at 1 1 a.m. Sixteen members present. Mrs. Alice M. Forbes made a motion that Mr. Allen J. Jenkins serve as chairman. So voted. There was some discussion of the rules but no considerable changes made. It was voted that we have a red flier pasted on the first page of the rules asking exhibitors to read the rules. After a nice lunch served by Mrs. Mullikin the Committee settled down to work on the Schedule. There was no more Society money than last year, but there was a little more from the Funds. Each exhibition was considered and proposed changes the subject for general consideration. There has been considerable change especially with fruit. Many varieties that were plentiful here a few years ago are seldom seen now. Some of these were dropped and in their places, any variety, not scheduled, was used. On the April Exhibition fifty dollars was added for carnations from the Blake Fund. On July 6 there was an addition for currants. July 20, a new call for Hemerocallis $5.50, and on August 3 there was $9.50 added to the call for Flower Arrangement for the Living Room. On August 10 and 17, five dollars was added each week for Flowers on a Mirror. On August 17, five dollars was added to prizes on Vegetable, Home Gardens. August 24, five dollars was added on peaches. August 31, five dollars was added to the prizes on a Pair of Mantle Vases and ten dollars on peaches and tomatoes. Adjourned. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Worcester, Massachusetts December 7, 1939. "TREES" By E. Porter Felt, D.Sc, Stamford, Connecticut Thursday, January 12, 1939 Today I am planning to talk quite a little in relation to the Hur- ricane and its effect on our shade trees and I want to give you, at least to a certain extent, a picture of the situation as I have seen it in various places. In the January issue of Harfer's, Assistant Professor Stewart of Astronomical Physics at Princeton has an article regarding his experi- ences in northern New Hampshire at that time. He was enough of a specialist in weather phenomena so that by noting the direction of the wind and the behavior of the clouds he expected that a hurricane was coming. He points out in that article that it advanced at the rate of about fifty miles an hour. He calls attention to the fact that it must have struck the southern New England coasts some hours before it appeared in northern New Hampshire and yet, so far as he could learn, there was no advance warning by the weather service. In other words, the Hurricane caught us all unawares. Everybody was occupied with things going on right around them and there was no attempt, practically speaking, to warn anybody that it was more than a local disturbance. I am particularly interested in the effects of the Hurricane upon trees. You perhaps will recall the statement to the effect that the previous great hurricane in New England was in 1815, 123 years ago, and that over 100 years earlier, in 1635, there was something very nearly the same, though I doubt whether we have data enough in respect to that 1635 occurrence to say whether it was just the same or not. A. R. Jennings, General Superintendent of Parks in New York State, has stated that in New York City alone there are over two million trees, 12,319 of which were destroyed or so badly injured by the hurricane of last September that they had to be removed. Of the 12,319 which were destroyed or injured, 3,645 were silver 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 maples and 2,946 were poplars. In other words, over 53 per cent of the badly damaged trees in that area were trees of those two species. We have known for years that the silver maple is brittle and likely to be damaged in a storm. We have also known that poplars, especially the Carolina poplars, are not desirable shade trees. With those figures before us I think we are going to be even more careful where we put out these two species of trees. It is interesting to note in connection with New York City trees, that of the willows only six hundred fifty-one were damaged; lindens, 605, Norway maples, 525. These were just about one-seventh of the total number of trees which were seriously damaged. Of course, a good deal depends upon the proportionate number of the trees of different species occurring in an area affected by the storm. There is no doubt in my mind, however, that a vastly larger number of American elms was blown down than of any other tree in New England and I am inclined to believe that the elm, in spite of its being wrecked in such large numbers, compared favorably with other shade trees. A few weeks ago I had the privilege of examining the Rugg or Gale elm at Framingham. Its enormous limbs are supported on gas pipes at a considerable distance from the double trunk. That tree came through the Hurricane practically unharmed. The Ledyard oak near New London, Connecticut, has survived centuries of storm and that is true of quite a number of our white oaks, much more so than of the red oaks and their allies. I believe that in the future we should plan for trees in the business areas as well as just outside. They contribute coolness and add beauty. I would even be inclined to plan a business area with a road on either side of the center adorned with trees. Shade trees also add greatly to the desirability of a residence and I would say also to the value of the real estate. You may think that lightning rods on trees are useless but on a beautiful and valuable tree they are good investments and, of course, the time to put them on is before the tree is struck. The purple beech, the European beech and also the native beech came through the storm very well indeed. They were more resistant than the white oak. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 31 The Norway spruce which is being planted very extensively in at least southern New England and elsewhere is an exceedingly beauti- ful, symmetrical and desirable tree in many localities. However, the storm of last September showed that a tree fifty years old or there- abouts may be severely damaged. Many of them were uprooted and many of those that were so firmly attached to the ground that they could not be uprooted were snapped off about 25 or 30 feet above the ground. The Hurricane was a revolving storm, moving northward at a rate of about fifty miles an hour and in addition there was a general revolving motion with wind velocities pretty close to fifty miles an hour in a counter-clockwise direction and this caused in the eastern portion of the storm tract velocities close to one hundred miles an hour. On the western side of the storm tract wind velocities were decreased by the revolving motion of the storm and there was less damage. Worcester was in the area of most serious injury. The planting of pines at the Massachusetts State College which was set out seventy years ago, was severely damaged by the Hurri- cane. A great many of these trees were broken off at a height of 25 or 30 feet. It was trees fifty to seventy-five years old that were taken rather than the very old or the very young. But there is no absolute rule. Generally speaking, however, pines should not be planted too close to transmission lines. It has been really surprising to note how severe the damage from the Hurricane has been in quite a number of the cemeteries in the affected area. In some cases practically every tree was blown down and in most such instances the trees were either pine or Norway spruce. The trees on village greens and in residential areas were among the more severely damaged. Now, we come to some of the problems in connection with the conservation of our trees, particularly shade trees. If wind resistance is decreased by the proper placing of guy wires, damage to trees is minimized in the event of a hurricane. The days of rain preceding the Hurricane itself undoubtedly pro- duced conditions which gave the roots less of a hold upon the soil and there is a question whether if these trees had remained upright 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 they would have been unharmed. It is quite reasonable to assume that if the roots had held, some of the trees, at least, would have been broken off. Most people seem to assume because trees are growing on a lawn that they can take care of themselves. Trees require fertilizer and fertilizer which really goes down far enough to benefit the roots. A great deal of the damage caused to the roots of trees is due to the common installation of curbs where very often the base or trunk of the tree is cut into in order to get a sufficient width for the road bed itself. The Norway maple is an admirable tree in a great many ways and over-planted to some extent. It is a tree which has largely escaped hurricane injury because a large proportion of these on our streets and in our parks are young trees. The trouble with the Norway maple is it has such a dense leafage that it presents a great deal of resistance to wind. I believe if we were to go through the hurricane area and make a careful check of trees which were well fed for a series of years as compared with others, we would find that most of those which had been fed came through in a very satisfactory condition. There are a great many trees throughout the hurricane affected areas which have been canted or partly tipped over and not blown down, which means in all probability serious root injury and we are advising, as a matter of protection, the feeding of those just as soon as it can be done. In this area it probably means early next spring, in order to stimulate an early development of roots. Trees which are reasonably satisfactory under hurricane conditions are the American elm and the Norway maple, of course assuming reasonably good care has been given them. The Norway maple has not been adequately tested so far as large trees are concerned. Others which are reasonably satisfactory are the sugar maple, the red maple, the beech, the white oak, scarlet oak, pin oak, red oak, black oak, small leaved European linden, London plane and our native plane or button ball. The less desirable are the soft maple, the Carolina maple, the black locust, the willow, the catalpa, the white pine, the Norway spruce and the Ailanthus. 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 Something can be done by pruning. The tall tree is the tree most likely to be damaged by storm. I believe it may be possible to keep some of our American elms a little nearer to the ground, to cable or reinforce by wood screws the structurally weak trees, feed for deep and extended root systems, grow brittle trees in places where they can do the least harm and, finally, protect trees from insect pests and fungus diseases. Storm proofing shade trees is feasible within reasonable limits. SYNOPSIS OF 'ADVENTURES IN ROSE GROWING" Illustrated Lecture By J. Horace McFarland, President Emeritus American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa. Thursday, January 19, 1939 We are to enter together upon "Adventures in Rose Growing. " This word "adventure" deserves definition. The dictionary says: "to venture upon; to dare; to venture or hazard oneself." Very seriously that is the essential factor toward success in rose-growing. One must take chances rather than expect certainties. Evidence constantly accumulates that God intended the rose for mankind rather than mankind for roses. You can do all sorts of things, sometimes foolish, and yet it is hard to prevent roses from blooming for you. Any square yard of sun-kissed soil will raise at least one rose. The rose is really the one universal flower, and is truly the queen of flowers. The garden rose is so old that I dare not take time to recite such records of antiquity as are available. When it came from the wild and entered gardens history does not record, but Herodotus, 450 years before Christ, celebrated a double rose, one with 60 petals. The rose is with us in poetry, in drama, in history, and, curiously enough, even in real estate, for in my home state of Pennsylvania the rent of one red rose is annually paid in the town of Manheim for the property on which has been built the Zion Lutheran Church. This property was deeded with the consideration named by the famous patriot, iron founder, and glass blower, William Henry Stiegel. In history we learn of the rose through the Wars of the Roses in England 350 years ago, when thirty bloody years were spent under what has always seemed to me an outrageous misuse of roses as guerdons for the two houses of York and Lancaster. Why should the rose ever be used as a sign for killing anyone? 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 In English, French, German, Danish, and Norwegian its name is Rose; in Latin it is Rosa. Despite other slight variations, it is a fact that anywhere in civilization today if the sound is uttered that comes to the lips when R-O-S-E is spelled, the same smile of comprehension will meet you. We have taken our rose fashions largely from abroad, though nowadays, as the records of the American Rose Society show, we are really making roses in America. An interesting tradition is that George Washington grew a hybrid from the native Rosa setigera which he named Martha Washington. You can buy a plant of it at Mount Vernon now, but the rose story runs in authenticity with the cherry story, because the Father of His Country didn't have Rosa setigera on the place. In 1910 John Cook, in Baltimore, originated the rose Radiance, now the most popular rose in America, and other great roses are coming to be known as American roses. I refer particularly to the rose American Pillar, a climber produced by the late Dr. Van Fleet, and this is the most prominent climbing rose in England. We have taken our rose instruction and our rose literature too considerably from abroad, and in this adventure we must be pre- pared to disregard the traditions which require one to prepare rose ground three or four feet deep and to put at the bottom of such an excavation a foot of the rather precious substance, cow manure. This tradition of deep preparation and the other traditions of wide spacing, of exposure to full sun and yet requiring shade, are now disregarded. I have seen roses growing beautifully in almost pure sand, and in the stiffest clay that a brickyard ever called upon. There is really just one essential agreement, in the four-letter word L-O-V-E. The pictures I show you begin with one which reproduces the frontispiece of "A Collection of Roses from Nature," published in 1799 by Mary Lawrance, a famous flower painter. In this great volume she showed the roses current then but not with us now. In this adventure it is desirable that we consider the material we will use. Thus, in addition to our American native, Setigera, you will note the importance of Rosa multi flora, of Japan, and of Rosa wichuraiana, from the same country. We get most of our rose troubles through the lovely R. foetida, which introduces the warm WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 37 tones that give us yellow, salmon, and orange, and also brings us the tendency toward the miserable disease, black-spot. It was the late Dr. E. H. Wilson who made us well acquainted with the Spanish Rosa hugonis. I show you the hundred-leaved rose, Centifolia; the Damask rose, the Moss rose. The presentation of the Bourbon rose is through the variety Zephirine Drouhin, a climber without thorns but with color and fragrance. Nearly all these roses were mixed up in the Hybrid Perpetual class, of which I show you the old General Jack and the very valuable Frau Karl Druschki. Radiance is again presented as a rose of very real endurance and great importance. The Rugosa hybrids take place in the shrubbery, over banks, and in bold spots. Our southern friends do not realize how valuable is the Cherokee, which has escaped all over the warmer states, just as has Rosa banksia. The Noisette roses of the Pacific Coast are not for us. The dainty little Rosa rouletti, hardy, pleasing, and so small it may be covered with a coffee cup, is just a curiosity. With it is Tom Thumb, a newer form. What I have presented so far is the material for our rose adven- ture. We might now look at the way in which this material is used. The La France roses in Mrs. Harold Irving Pratt's garden at Glen Cove, Long Island, show you that the rose doesn't need to stay in beds, but may be part of the shrubbery. I want also to bring to your attention the way in which roses can be had for all, through the municipal rose garden, beginning with the great Elizabeth Park garden, planted some twenty-five years ago by Theodore Wirth. Other of these rose gardens are found all over the country, but I particularly call your attention to one of the largest and newest, at Hershey, Pennsylvania, where the great choco- late man has used a bit of his wealth for the public benefit. Mrs. Henry Ford's garden, at Dearborn, is another evidence of how the rose may be largely used. The half-dozen or more hardy climbing roses I show you are most usable over doorways, on hedges, and supported, as I am showing you. Very distinguished among them is the lovely Mary Wallace, introduced through the American Rose Society. Others among these 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 climbing roses are the magnificent Dr. W. Van Fleet, the one also grown by Dr. Van Fleet and named for Breeze Hill, and others of vigor and beauty. I have here pictures also of the newer Hybrid Tea roses, the kind you buy as patented, needing to remember as you get these roses that the Government does not guarantee you anything about them, the patent being merely a guarantee to the owner of the rose that he is to have it in his control for seventeen years. It is all wrong to blame the Government if a patented rose fails. I am hoping all of you will take your own adventures in rose- growing, and that you will seek the aid of the American Rose Society in making the adventures easier and more profitable. "GARDEN PICTURES THROUGH THE YEAR By Mrs. Anne Leonard, North Easton, Mass. Thursday, January 26, 1939 There is probably no subject that is of more universal interest than is the subject of flowers and gardens and I think one reason for this is that we all instinctively thrill to real beauty, and where can we find greater beauty than in flowers? Gardens, whether ours or those belonging to others, offer to us a temporary escape from the burdens of life and never have we needed that escape more than we do today. If, in planning our gardens, we work toward producing effective garden pictures we shall answer the requirements of good landscaping with proper backgrounds, and the same thing is true whether the garden is large or small. We are going to begin in early spring when the landscape is still quite wintry; when the first crocuses bloom. "Glory of the Snow" is also a very good early-blooming bulb. It seeds itself down as well and multiplies and naturalizes itself. Just one little clump of cro- cuses tucked away somewhere in your garden will cheer you after a long and dreary winter. In larger plantings of crocuses it is best to plant in drifts of one color rather than trying to form a geometric pattern. Red is the hardest color to use in a garden but a little of it does stimulate and cheer as no other color does. Particularly in the cool months of the year red is a good color to use. Women are not apt to use red much but men like the color and, after all, half the popu- lation of the world is made up of men. Why should we not use a little to please them? The rock garden is a thrilling experience in spring. And the rock garden certainly brings all the muscles into play! We have many yellow, white and blue flowers in the early spring and the pink azalea tulip combines very nicely with all of them. Flowering fruit trees are invaluable as background material in the garden. It is better to plant perennials that will give you three or four pictures through the year than it is to try to keep the border in WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 41 continuous bloom. The Adonis Vernalis is one of the choicest of the April blooming perennials. It is difficult to get established but it is well worth trying, with its luminous sunshiny yellow blooms. Just one Japanese crab apple tree adds so much to the spring gar- den picture and when it is not in bloom serves as background material. In a small garden the problem of background is much more diffi- cult than it is in a large garden where there is plenty of room. Euonymus Vegetus is very satisfactory to use. It roots very easily from cuttings and a hedge can be made around the garden or it may be used as an edging of a walk. One of the choicest of the May flowering shrubs is Daphne. Cor- nus or Dogwood is one of our finest native flowering trees. Dogwood is never lovelier than when it is used against an evergreen back- ground. The Scilla Campanulata, English bluebell, is lovely whether used in a small group or whether it carpets a woodsy grove. To go into the woods when the bluebells are in bloom is like going into a bit of Fairyland. Williamsburg, Virginia, which is being restored through the gen- erosity of John D. Rockefeller, had some of the finest buildings and some of the finest gardens in the country. Trimmed box bushes are typical of Williamsburg. Then there is the maze garden, made of young holly. One of the charms of Williamsburg is to walk along the streets and peek over picket fences into people's gardens. In all the research work that has been done in Williamsburg it has been disclosed that most of the Colonial gardens followed a balanced plan and that the box garden was a favorite so you see many box gardens in Williamsburg. And you see out-of-door dining rooms enclosed with holly hedges. Fox Tail lilies are well worth planting but are sometimes too large as well as too expensive for a small garden. If your garden and your pocketbook are large, these lilies are well worth trying. Azaleas are certainly among our most pleasing garden possessions. Azaleas on the water's edge are truly lovely. The reflection of flowers in the water is always refreshing. Ghent azaleas and white hawthorn trees along the water's edge add a great deal to the general landscaping. 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 In planting a perennial border it is desirable to plant large group- ings of each kind all the way down, making it look as if the whole border were in bloom. In general, it is better to use one or two vari- eties of iris, depending on your color scheme, rather than to have a lot of colors. A combination of the Mrs. Perry Poppy and blue and yellow iris repeated at intervals all the way along the border produces a very beautiful rhythmic effect. The Pallida Iris is a very good one to use in perennial borders because it has a long season of blooming. If you snap off the by-gone blossoms you can have three or four sets of bloom. The Isatis Glauca is not used a great deal but it is a very valuable perennial, about the same height as the iris and combines well with it. It comes into bloom before the tulips go by and helps to bridge the gap that takes place in a garden between the tulips and the iris. And it is very easy to grow. It grows as well from seed as any annual. A rose bed may be put in a small place without upsetting the lines of design. The perennial border may simply be interrupted and a section reserved for the roses, the line of the design remaining the same. Roses along a picket fence. Such a simple treatment, yet how it reflects the personality of the owner — with its gate open to the garden beyond. If some of you have never seen the climbing roses at Siasconset, I hope you will go there. There is something about the iodine laden air that makes the roses grow so beautifully. Trellises are built on the roofs of houses so that the roses can grow on them. As one walks down one of the lanes one sees a weather-beaten shingled cottage, called "Heart's Ease," with roses climbing all over it. I suppose it has been painted and photographed thousands of times. The International Rock Garden in New York City is eleven stories high. Growing there are over two thousand different kinds of plants and conifers coming from all over the world. This summer we traveled through Canada and stopped at a friend's home where we took some pictures of his garden because it was the first time I had seen annuals used successfully in a rock garden. In general, we do not encourage the use of annuals in a WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 43 rock garden because in a little while they become quite untidy or they seed down in the garden and I have never seen them growing really well. But here in this Montreal garden they looked as if they had just been planted freshly into a bed, as luxuriant as could be. The landscaping here consists of a series of terraces and the banks in between are planted to rock plants and annuals. The last class of plants to bloom is the chrysanthemum. There is no flower that repays one any more for the time expended than does the chrysanthemum. It grows easily in rich soil and is also easy to root from cuttings and comes into bloom at a time when garden flowers are scarce. While we should try some of the new Korean Hybrids and other early blooming varieties, we should not leave out entirely some of the later blooming old-fashioned varieties. The last flower to bloom is the Christmas Rose, the most inspiring flower of the whole garden year. It is often in bloom when the first snowdrops appear so that it both ends and begins the garden season. 'COLOR — ARTISTIC ARRANGEMENT OF FLOWERS AND THEIR CARE" By Mabel E. Bollerer, West Hartford, Connecticut Thursday, February 2, 1939 There is much missionary work to be done among the public with flowers and their arrangement, the appreciation of a flower to its fullest extent, and the things that can really be accomplished with arrangement of flowers. Perhaps the three reasons we all love flowers so much are the color, the design, and fragrance. Nature provides flowers with colorings that always blend together perfectly, and when making a study of the color combinations in flowers as they grow, you will find that they are always true to the color chart reasoning, including tints and tones of many colors. To illustrate arrangement of flowers, a piece of Persian pottery,, egg plant in color, was used first. In it were arranged Poor Man's Orchid, or butterfly plant, purple pansies and evergreen boughs for packing. These were arranged so that the butterfly plant was tall in the back, varying heights, and the pansies in a small group all in one spot, as the focal point of interest. The container, being a large-mouth container, was stuffed with evergreen boughs, to hold the flowers in place and prevent the arrangement from toppling over and losing shape. In a piece of Italian pottery, dark brown in color, an illustration was given of line arrangement of three roses in three varying heights, yellow roses being used. Roses for this arrangement are best when partially blown, in order that the outside petals may be opened up and bent back to relieve the pressure on the bud inside. The utter simpli- city of the arrangement of these three roses made a beautiful picture. One of the most popular flower arrangement designs today is line, and this was brought out in the next arrangement, done in a white pottery vase, with the use of antheriums, an exotic red flower, and white gardenias. This made a very striking example of color and line arrangement. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 45 In the next illustration, a large copper container was used, lined with turquoise. A "Daisy" container held the flowers, which were orchid sweet peas and daffodils, with shrimp plant scattered here and there to give a note of green and to bring the arrangement over the edge of the container, so that the flowers and container were blended into one line, and so that the eye was not conscious of the fact that "there is a container, and there are the flowers." Whenever possible in flower arrangement the line of the container should be covered by foliage or flowers so that there is not a broken line distinguishing the two. The lovely part of flower arrangement is the individual's per- sonality which is displayed in that arrangement. No two people have ever done the same thing alike, and no one person can ever do the same thing twice exactly alike. That is why the work is so interesting to study. A turquoise blue container was next used with a combination of reds, coppers and browns in the flowers. Marigolds (dwarf bronze and gold), daffodils, and euphorbia were used in this arrangement, held in place by a "Daisy" arranger. The euphorbia was the focal point because of its distinction. An ornate container in the form of doves was used in the next illustration. Iris, a small bit of azalea and gladioli were arranged in line, the focal point of interest being a bunch of purple violets at the center of the container. A natural pottery colored vase with turquoise trimming was used in arranging a group of red carnations. This was done in a very striking line arrangement, with the hemlock clippings as a packing in the large-mouth container. An extraordinary picture was brought out in the arrangement of calla lilies. The container used was a massive, low bowl, and a needle point arranger was used, of Japanese make. Everything that the Japanese do in flower arrangement means something; they try to arrange their flowers so that the lines are always straight, and it looks as though we were coming to that arrangement also. Triangles are another of the Japanese traits, and with it all, flowers and mate- rial should always be made to look as natural as possible. In the line arrangement, the tallest flower is used to represent God, the 46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 shortest to represent Earth, and in between the two is Man. These three heights of flower arrangement, together with the leaves of the calla lilies, themselves, made an extremely beautiful and exotic design. In a piece of Mexican pottery of dark brown, with a long, slim neck, a very beautiful arrangement was done with three lavender tulips and California heather, the heather being used as a background for the tulips, which were used together with their leaves. To cover the neckline of the container, begonia leaves were used to bring out the design and add a note of green. When doing an arrangement in a glass container, it is very impor- tant that the stems of the flowers also form a line when it is visible through the glass. In order that the line may not be confused and tangled looking, the foliage should be removed up as far as the water line. The stems should be varying lengths, but one or two of them should touch the bottom of the container, or come very close to touching the bottom, to give this line in the container. Snap dragons, white tulips and white anemone from California were used, the snap dragons illustrating the spike type flower, and the tulip the round flower. Combinations of designs of flowers, together with the shape and coloring in the container, all make for the complete picture in flower arrangement. If the container is painted with a motif on the face of it, flowers that will blend with that motif should be used in the con- tainer. One should also always be very careful to obliterate the line of the container by placing either foliage or flowers over the end of it, thereby bringing flowers and containers into a perfect unit. There were some valuable hints given as to cutting and preserving flowers, so that they may last as long as possible after cut. First of all, all flowers should be cut with a sharp knife, preferably a pen knife, with a slanting cut. Scissors are apt to pinch the stems so the flowers cannot drink and keep themselves alive. Some flowers, such as euphorbia, hollyhock and heliotrope, must have their stem ends burned immediately after cutting to seal them, in order that they will not wilt. Gardenias drink through their petals more than through their stems, and if the petals are kept nicely sprinkled, they will hold very well indeed. After the flowers have been arranged in a con- tainer, it is not necessary to take them out every day to cut their stems 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 and give them fresh water. It would be almost impossible to get them back into the same arrangement twice, and therefore, the thing to do is to place them in the sink and let the water run in and out of the container for five minutes, not removing the flowers. This will freshen the water and at the same time will do away with the necessity of removing the flowers to change the water and the con- sequent re-arrangement. The lecture was concluded with the well-known quotation: "If a man have a loaf of bread in both hands, he should exchange one loaf for flowers, for bread feeds the body, but flowers feed the soul." "LURE AND LORE OF WILD FLOWERS By J. Henry Tiney, Royal Attractions, Boston Thursday, February 16, 1939 I have come here to introduce to you some of my friends. They are not human friends but plant friends and I hope that after seeing them and meeting them you will be able to recognize them when you meet them and that you will consider them your friends as I consider them my friends. Plants are almost everywhere and the varieties are nearly un- numbered. Directly or indirectly all animal life is dependent upon them. If you trace it back all of our animal life is directly dependent upon plants for existence so we really cannot get along without them. Now, many of our common wild flowers are closely related to the plants that we use for food and the plants that are related to other commercial varieties. That is, some of the things that you may have on your table are very closely related to wild plants. The plant world is divided into four great divisions and these in turn have been divided into divisions until we finally come down to the family, then to the genus and the species. The mushroom is the most common commercial fungus. Ferns deserve a great deal more attention than we usually give them for, with their foliage and size and frond formation, they add a great deal to the beauty of the out-of-doors. Mono-cotyledons are those plants which have seeds containing but one food storage compartment. Most of the mono-cotyledons have their floral parts in threes. Asparagus is one of the commercial members of the lily family although most of us never thought of asparagus as having been a part of that family. The iris is very closely related to the lily and by many botanists is classed with it. The orchid family is a large family containing about three thou- sand species scattered all over the world. Common to this group is the well-known pink lady slipper. The shady lady slipper is our most 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 beautiful northern orchid. Sometimes we may find them with a single blossom, sometimes with two blossoms and once in a while with three blossoms on a single plant. The wild calla is also a mem- ber of this family. The cereal grasses, wheat, rye, corn and oats, are also members of this family. The dio-cotyledons are those plants which have seeds containing two food storage compartments. In other words, the seeds can be divided into two parts, such as the bean. Most of our trees belong to this group; the shrubs and a large proportion of our herbs also belong to this class. Most of the members of the nightshade have poisonous qualities. A plant which was grown in gardens and called love apple is another member of this family. It was formerly grown for its beautiful fruit. Now it is grown for its fruit but we like also to drink its juice. It is the tomato. Potatoes belong to the nightshade family and show some of the poisonous qualities of their neighbor when it is sunburned. Tobacco also belongs to the family containing poisonous nicotine. In May, we find a member of the madder family much in evi- dence— bluets or innocence. And soon after, another member of the family is easily found, the partridge berry, with its two blossoms. Coffee is our principal commercial member of the madder family and also certain types of medicines notably among which is quinine. Well-known members of the composite family of which there are about a thousand different genera and nine thousand species scattered all over the world are the robin's plantain, yarrow and golden ragwort. Of the six hundred members of the morning glory family only one grows in the north in a wild state. The commercial member of the morning glory family is the sweet potato. To many persons the violet is just simply a violet. There are in fact over twenty varieties of violets. The Johnny-jump-up or Cana- dian violet is quite different from our ordinary violets in that it has a branching stem with many blossoms and quite differently shaped leaves. The pansy is our cultivated violet and quite varied as to color. The rose family with its sub-orders contains about a thousand WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 51 species. The wild strawberry is one of our earliest members of the family to be stirring and right about the same time and in about the same localities you will find a yellow blossom which some people call yellow strawberry but which is not a strawberry. It is cinquefoil. All blackberries and raspberries belong to the rose family. Other commercial members of this same family are peaches, plums and apples. The legume family contains about 6,500 species, some herbs, some shrubs and some trees. The trees which are native here are members of the legume family as are also all the clovers. To the mustard family which is characterized by four petals instead of the usual five as is the rose family, are the wild mustard or kale and the commercial members of the family are broccoli, cauliflower, turnip, radishes, and cabbage as well as some other greens. When you find these plants don't pick them all. Help them, give them, as you would your human friends, a chance to live. Save some for seed so that those who come after you can see some of the beauty which you have seen. At the end of the lecture some very interesting slides on seed germination were shown, depicting the actual growth and activity which takes place in the development of seeds before growth is established above ground. The seeds were grown beneath glass and were well-watered. The first activity noticeable was the swell- ing of the seeds. Then tiny roots appeared which in turn sent out side shoots. Considerable growth has taken place and yet nothing appears above ground. The underground roots have now become a maze. Although these seeds were planted in the same soil and under the same conditions, there is considerable dissimilarity in their growth. Two tiny leaves finally appear above the ground and the growing motion is clearly discernible. This motion continues through quite a period of the growth of the plant. "SUNSHINE PAINTINGS" Illustrated Lecture By Mr. Robert S. Lanning and Miss Marianne Channon, Royal Attractions, Boston Thursday, February 23, 1939 This afternoon we were bidden to accompany the lecturer on an adventure with a camera to see paintings with sunshine, and to see the invisible. The camera adventure was in no sense a travelogue, as the majority of the pictures were taken in and around Providence, with very few exceptions which were taken in nearby New England, and the Cape. All were in natural color. As an explanation as to how the slides are made, the speaker went into some detail. Briefly, the original negative is turned, by chemical processes, into a positive emulsion. Now, when the plates are made, the glass is first coated with what is called a color screen,, consisting of minute dots of color (3,000 to 5,000 dots to a square inch), the dots being red, green, and dark blue violet. By the mix- ture of these three colors of light, every tint and shade of color visible to the human eye can be reproduced, and when these colors are taken together, all of them in proportion in which which they are present in this color screen, they will produce white light and natural color. Surely it is agreed that there is more in the beauty of nature than can be seen or photographed by any process. In the beauty of nature there is something that must be seen with the heart rather than the eye, some deeper significance, some inner meaning, some message for us, some invisible something which the poets see and write about. "Like a slow child that does not heed, I stand at Summer's knees, And through the tremor of the wood I spell That life and love are good. I learn to read." The adventure started on a cold winter's day, scarcely any color to be seen, simply the blue sky and the white of the snow, yet beauti- WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 53 ful in its simplicity and its purity. A temple, with huge columns was seen, and from that, the trees coated with ice, bending low over the frozen lake, all Nature locked in the iron grip of winter. Snow and leafless trees, but something more, something invisible. "The trees are not afraid to lay Their lovely sheltering leaves away. 'Tis only little folks who fear to let Their naked souls appear." Now, the snow is beginning to melt away, winter is losing its grip, and a bit of color appears in the trees; every stream is a raging torrent as the yoke of winter is thrown off at last. We see willows bending low over a placid lake. And then, beautiful gardens, filled with the first harbingers of spring. The yellow daffodils and crocus in many colors peeping up from the green grass; and later the hyacinths with their formal heads lifting to feel the breath of spring. Golden for- sythia made a beautiful background for a formal garden, with green lawns and a bird bath to welcome the first early feathery visitors. And in the orchard, the delicate pink and white of thousands of apple blossoms, like a bride's veil, in sharp contrast to the deep pink of the peach blossoms, and the delicate coloring of the flowering dogwood. "Fears of what may come to pass, I cast them all away Among the clover-scented grass, , Among the new mown hay. Among the husking of the corn Where drowsy poppies nod Where ill thoughts die and good are born Out in the fields with God." And now, early summer, with swans on the lake surrounded by low-hanging willows, red poppies in the rock garden, with hundreds of flowers and plants bordering stone steps leading down to a quiet pool in the midst of the garden. Beneath the shade of the overhang- ing trees, looking down into the sunlit rock garden beyond, we find a little stream trickling over the rocks to form the pool. And then to Roger Williams Park, in Providence, with its hosts of tulips and green velvety lawns, leading down to quiet streams bor- 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 dered with trees. And the old gardener, whose life is built around the flowers, tends them reverently. "Give fools their gold, and knaves their power Let fortune's totals rise and fall Who sows a field, or trains a flower. Or plants a tree, is more than all." The scene shifts to mid-summer, and around the quiet pool now bloom scores of lilies, in their white purity, and hollyhocks of the most delicate shades of pink. And in the pool, red and pink water lilies, reflecting their loveliness for all to see. Deep scarlet and lighter pink geraniums, making a striking picture with the rich lawn and green trees in the background. Phlox, along the stream, mingles with rows and rows of purple iris to create breathtaking loveliness. Probably none of the flowering shrubs makes a more glorious dis- play than the different azaleas and rhododenrons in the park. And on the estate of Mr. Dexter, on Cape Cod, they astound one with their loveliness, scattered here and there among the walks and drives, in great clusters of color. This estate also boasts some of the most beautiful peonies in existence — row upon row of beautiful flowers ranging from pure white to deepest scarlet. And then the season brings us the roses, in beautiful bowers of color. Yellow climber, Mrs. Arthur Curtis James, the first yellow climber which was hardy in the New England winters. The pink climber with thousands of blooms, completely covering the ancient stone wall to which they cling. And to make the scene more like fairyland, white baby's breath seems to float upon the air like snow- flakes in the middle of summer. And over white trellises and arbors, the pink climbers form a roof of fragrant bloom. But as the rose petals fall, and we feel the tang in the air, autumn is heralded, the time when Nature paints her most gorgeous pictures, and when Man and Nature prepare for the winter. "When the frost is on the pumpkin And the fodder's in the shock." We see pools of water like mirrors, reflecting the lovely red and gold of the trees, the brilliant reds and the rich yellow and orange. 56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 The chrysanthemums show their lovely bloom, telling us that winter will soon be upon us, but giving us their proud display of color until the very end. And as autumn advances, the brilliant shades fading to dull brown and gray, we realize that winter is almost here again. The glorious coloring with which the autumn comes to a close always reminds one of the sunset at the end of the day, and none of the beauties of Nature has inspired more beautiful music and more lovely poetry. And as you see the sunsets, picture to yourselves an old man with a white beard, sitting on the shore of England looking over the Atlantic at sunset time, watching the ships put out to sea on the flood tide, and realizing that he has come to the sunset time of life, and that any day he may receive his sailing orders calling on him to voyage out on the uncharted seas of Eternity — Alfred Lord Tennyson, Poet Lau- reate of England. So we come near to the end of a little adventure in seeing the in- visible. Tired from a day in the open, we pause to picture the dying glory of the sunset as we walk homeward along the bank of the lake, and we are reminded of the verse: "Todav I have grown tall from walking with the trees." And as we stand to catch a final glimpse of that last glow of color, just as the sun slips below the horizon, we realize that while we may not have the gift of expression as the poets and composers, still if we will look at this world with open hearts as well as with open eyes, we will see the invisible, and each of us may, as Shakespeare said, "Find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks Sermons in stones, and good in everything." ANNUAL REUNION March 16, 1939 The activities of the evening were begun with a reception in the Library which was decorated with artistically arranged bouquets of snapdragons, roses, and blue and white lilies. In the receiving line were Mr. and Mrs. Myron F. Converse, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr., Dr. William B. Bailey and Rev. and Mrs. Walter A. Morgan. Dol Brissette's orchestra furnished music during the reception. Immediately following the reception the members proceeded to the dining room which was made festive by the presence on each table of a bouquet of red roses. The divine blessing was invoked by Rev. Mr. Morgan, Pastor of the Chestnut Street Congregational Church, after which a savory roast turkey dinner was served by Mr. Lunt. Following the dinner a short address of welcome was given by President Converse, at the conclusion of which Dr. William B. Bailey, the speaker of the evening was introduced. While the printed announcement of the Reunion referred to Dr. Bailey's subject as the "Itinerant American," Mr. Converse explained that this title was used in order not to startle the members with the real subject of Dr. Bailey's address which was "Hoboes." Dr. Bailey's interest in hoboes began some years ago when he was placed in charge of the Organized Charities Association of New Haven, with the specific duty of ridding the city of hoboes. His method of approach to the subject was to study the hobo at close range and to this end he intimately associated with the hobo in an effort to find out what manner of man this genial knight of the road might be. His first discovery was the fact that a hobo's main interests in life are where he is going to get his next meal, where he is going to sleep tonight, where he is going next and where his smoking tobacco is coming from. Added together, these comprise a considerable share of the interests of most of us, the principal difference being the difference in approach. 58 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 Every self-respecting hobo expects to eat five times a day and he usually does. But he doesn't always get what he wants to eat. For some reason or other, housewives labor under the delusion that above all else a hobo loves pie and cake. He doesn't. He despises it, and the highways of this country are lined with discarded pastry. What he likes more than anything else is two slices of bread, well-buttered, with a nice chunk of meat between them. There is scarcely any problem at all to the hobo to get food. Getting a good place to sleep is extremely difficult. In bad weather about the only thing to do is to go to a lock-up and ask to be put up for the night and trust that in the morning they will let you off without pressing any charge of vagrancy. A tramp never sleeps. He either "flops" or "pounds his ear" or "dosses." A doss house is a hobo lodging house. There are any number of doss houses in the larger cities all over the country. The most typical doss house in the country is the Bismarck Hotel in New York City. Outside the "hotel" hangs a sign "Nice clean beds, 10c." One goes up several flights of stairs to the doss. In the center of the room is a large stove which in winter is red hot. Around the room are the beds and they are quite interesting. There are two pieces of gas pipe about 30 inches apart that go from the floor to the ceiling, then six feet from them are two more pieces of gas pipe from the floor to the ceiling. Screwed into these are four more pieces of gas pipe, horizontal. That is the frame of the bed and across that is stretched a heavy striped cotton ticking. And there are three of them, one above the other. If you have been well brought up you take off your shoes, your coat and your vest before you go to bed. You wrap your shoes up in your vest and that is your pillow. You lie down, feet to the fire and vou pull your coat up over your shoulders and that is your bed. The air in that room has to be experienced to be appreciated. In the winter time, when the old stove is going good, about all you can say is that the air is worse than it is in summer, but you go in there in the summer time when the sun has been beating down on that tin roof all day, and it is considerably worse than in winter. Dr. Bailey claims to have spent between fifty and sixty nights in the Bismarck and has always been convinced that the last night was the worst. 60 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 The first thing that a hobo does when he gets out in the morning is to pan-handle and this is done in a variety of different ways. From Thanksgiving to the early part of January it is extremely easy for a hobo with a good hard luck story to get money and with any per- severance at all he will pull down anywhere from three to fifteen dollars a day. A hobo's hard luck story is made up about ten per cent of things that really happened to him and about ninety per cent of what he read in a book or heard someone else tell him, that he liked and added to his own story. He tells it so much that he not only believes it himself but feels hurt if you don't. The best way and a very common way to get money is to take some money in your hand. There is seventeen cents. You go up to a man and say "Mister, I've got seventeen cents. If I had three cents more I would have twenty cents." Well, you admit that. "And if I had twenty cents I could pay my fare to the town up the road here where there is a job waiting for me," and it is a pretty mean man who won't come across with three cents to get a man a job in times like these! Many a conference is held concerning the subject of jails, how big the cells are, what you have to sleep on, what kind of meals they serve, what they make you do in the line of work. And after the jail has been decided upon there is yet one question to be settled. The proper crime. You don't want to get sent up for thirty days and get let out right in the middle of February and you don't want to get sent up for six months and lose all the lovely spring weather. The hobo has the urge to move. There was a time when he did his traveling bv train. Then he took to automobile trucks but there O J are certain corporations which are mean enough to call to truck owners' attention their liability of transporting passengers in a truck and so drivers have been given orders to carry no more hoboes. So, reluctantly, they have had to go back to trains. If you are going to travel on a passenger train you must travel blind baggage and if you are going to ride blind baggage you are go- ing to ride in front of the second baggage car which is the blackest spot in all the landscape. There is one thing you should never do. Never pick the first bag- gage car. That is right back of the tender and on these long rides WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1939 61 engines pick up water and they don't know when they have had enough and it pours over in back of the tender and soaks you, or those mean firemen will discover you and amuse themselves by throwing coal at you. Take the second baggage! If you want to ride in a freight car pick an empty cattle car in the summer time. Don't ride in an ordinary box car. That is dangerous, dangerous because you are liable to get along a siding and the door will be shut and there you are and there is no place on earth as hot as a box car on a siding on a summer day. If worse comes to worse you can ride the trucks down underneath the freight car over the wheels but Bug House Mary of Boston lost her life right here in one of the Brookfields riding the truck. Dr. Bailey's solution for ridding the city of hoboes was to so manage things that they would have plenty of work and plenty of baths. Hoboes loathe a bath and their reasons for scorning the beauty of the bath are myriad. Providing work for the hobo presents a number of problems. The work must be something which does not take much skill; it must be something in which you can't injure the machinery; something must be provided whereby the raw material cannot be injured — and all that cord wood does is to get better seasoned as it stands. Cutting wood is the answer and the buck saw is the ideal tool. You can't do much damage to a buck saw. Of course the men objected to work- ing. They were sick but it was always a hidden ailment like sciatica, rheumatism or lumbago, that couldn't be seen. Dr. Bailey concluded that he was with the Organized Charities Association about ten years and during that time they spent about $300,000.00 and they got it all back but $4.00. Here hoboes were given a place to sleep, were cleaned up and given all they wanted to eat and it cost the City of New Haven forty cents a year. At the conclusion of the lecture by Dr. Bailey the Worcester Light Opera Company presented the delightful "Trial by Jury," a light opera by Gilbert and Sullivan. Dancing followed, with music by Dol Brissette's orchestra. INDEX Page Officers and Committees 2 Reports President's Address Secretary's Report Treasurer's Report Librarian's Report Judge of Fruit . Judge of Vegetables Finance Committee Annual Meeting of the Society 24 Annual Meeting of the Trustees ..... 25 Annual Meeting of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions ....... 28 Lectures "Trees" 29 Synopsis of "Adventures in Rose Growing" . . 35 "Garden Pictures Through the Year" .... 40 "Color — Artistic Arrangement of Flowers and Their Care" 44 "Lure and Lore of Wild Flowers" 49 "Sunshine Paintings" . . . . . .52 Annual Reunion . . . . . .57 5 7 12 15 18 20 23 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society Horticultural Building 30 Elm Street Worcester, Mass. For the year 1939 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1939 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS MRS. HOMER GAGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester LIBRARIAN MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester trustees: Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter Albert W. Schneider Myron S. Wheeler Mrs. Mary D. White Ernest P. Bennett Harry Harrison, 1941 John H. Brooks, Jr., 1941 STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, 1940 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Chandler Bullock, 1940 ON LIBRARY AND Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary ON NOMENCLATURE Mrs. Amy W. Smith Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins William Anderson Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Leonard C. Midgley, 1939 Arthur E. Howard, 1939 PUBLICATIONS Amy W. Smith William Anderson Florence E. Field Librarian Auburn Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Still River Willis E. Cary Sutton Frederick H. Chamberlain Clinton J. Frank Cooper Clinton Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Boylston Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Boylston Mrs. Florence C. Herrick Shrewsbury Allen W. Hixon Shrewsbury Allyne W. Hixon Auburn Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs West Boylston Ernest Hansen Clinton H. Ward Moore Berlin Harry I. Randall Holden Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester George F. E. Story S. Lothrop Davenport J. Frank Cooper Herbert R. Kinney Leonard C. Midgley Joseph A. Allen Mrs. William W. Taft Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, Myron F. Converse Harry C. Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Mrs. Florence E. Field Allyne W. Hixon Charles Potter Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Elizabeth R. Bishop Allen W. Hixon S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Plants and Flowers: William Anderson, Still River Fruit: S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester Myron F. Converse, Chairman MEDAL COMMITTEE Edward W. Breed Allen W. Hixon ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Leander F. Herrick Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Leonard C. Midgley H. Ward Moore Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Flower or Plant entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender. 8. All articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange= ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 9 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worces- ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 12. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable. 14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as " Pippin, " " Sweeting, " "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested. 16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 17. H3T The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties. 18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respect- ing their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. 1939] RULES AND REGULATIONS 5 The maximum prize for Vases, Standards, and Baskets shall be two dollars. 20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 21. U. P. Hendrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Elmer D. Smith & Co. Cata- logue to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges. 22. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers — Arrangement . 30 points Quality of blooms 40 " Number of varieties 15 " Properly named 15 " Lilies. — Size and color of bloom 35 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem 35 " Arrangement 15 " Properly named 15 " Displays. — Arrangement 40 points Quality 45 " Variety 15 " Collections. — Quality 45 points Arrangement 25 " Variety 30 " Table Decoration. — Quality of Flowers 50 points Proportion and harmony of flowers with accessories 30 " Artistic arrangement of whole 20 " 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of books. 1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00. • Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables. 1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00. Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society. 1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. 1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables 1939 BTThe Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12. 12. The Judges may exclude from competition all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice op which will be taken by the judges in awarding the premiums. 2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 3. In all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed. By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. Spring Exhibition Thursday, March 9, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, March 10, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, March 11, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, March 12, 12 m. to 9 p. m. Notify Secretary four weeks in advance for space All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday Class I Garden Displays Glass II Plant Displays Class III Rock Gardens Not to exceed 100 square feet Class IV Cut Flowers Class V Fruit Class VI Vegetables 1150.00 125.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 Frederick A. Blake Fund Class VII Carnations 50.00 Worcester Garden Club Exhibit Thursday, April 27 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 1. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.00 Table Decorations.— No. 2. Oblong table laid for four covers 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No restrictions. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Carnations. — A. Basket of white Basket of dark pink Basket of light pink Basket of any other color Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Plant Displays. — No. 3. Plants in Bloom and Foliage Frederick A. Blake Fund Plants. Sixty dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 4. For any variety, eight dollars may be used for prizes. Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 5. Hollow Crown No. 6. Any other variety Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 7. Any variety Lettuce. — No. 8. Six heads Radish. — No. 9. Two bunches. Six in each bunch Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 10. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 May Exhibition Thursday, May 11 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 11. Display, flowering shrubs permissible. 24 square feet. 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 12. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Wild Flowers, fifteen vases. — No. 13. Not more than five stems in a vase. No duplicates 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Spring Bulbs, open culture. — No. 14. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 Pansy. — No. 15. Twenty vases, one flower with foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Zonale Geraniums, in bloom. — No. 16. Six plants 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Table Decorations, Spring Flowers. — No. 17. Round table, laid for four covers. Roses prohibited. No other restrictions. No- tify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Plant Displays. — No. 18. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown or by whom, $60.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11 Calendula. — No. 19. Arranged in Bowl or Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 Dandelion. — No. 20. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. — No. 21. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Spinach. — No. 22. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50 Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. — No. 23. Globe 1.50 1.00 .50 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 24. Linnaeus 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 25. Any variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Onion. — No. 26. Two bunches, six in each bunch 1.50 1.00 .50 Iris Exhibition Thursday, June 8 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Iris, German. — No. 27. Display 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 No. 28. Twenty vases, three stems in a vase preferably named 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 29. Basket 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Cut Flowers. — No. 30. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Azalea. — No. 31. Display in vases 3. 00 2. 00 1 . 00 Rhododendron. — No. 32 Displays in vases 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Peonies. — No. 33. Vase or Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Lupinus. — No. 34. Vase 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Roses. — No. 35. Vase of Roses. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Zonale Geraniums. — No. 36. Twenty vases, one truss in each 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 37. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cucumber. — No. 38. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Spinach. — No. 39. One-half peck 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 1939J SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 13 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. No. 40. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Beet.— No. 41. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. — No. 42. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Onion. — No. 43. Two bunches, six each 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 3 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule. 10. After the articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building. 14- All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as "Pippin," "Sweeting," "Greening," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. Peony Exhibition Thursday, June 15 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 44. From hardy plants and shrubs outdoor culture, to be named 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Wild Flowers, fifteen vases. — No. 45. Not more than five stems in a vase. No duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Siberian Iris. — No. 46. Medium basket 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Roses. — No. 47. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 48. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 Peonies. — No. 49. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 50. Twenty vases, one flower in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Foxglove. — No. 51. Vase of twelve spikes 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Aquilegia. — No. 52. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Begonia. — No. 53. Four plants in bloom 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 54. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 55. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 22, open from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock Roses. — No. 56. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 57. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, out- door culture 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 58. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 59. Six blooms of distinct named' varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor culture 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 60. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes. No. 61. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 62. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 63. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 64. Display of cut climbing roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes No. 65. Basket of roses 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund B. Table decoration of roses, oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers grown by exhibitors 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 50 1 . 00 .50 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 Peonies. — No. 66. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Aquilegia. — No. 67. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Hardy Flowers, to be named. — C. Display of outdoor varieties 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 68. Senator Dunlap 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 69. Howard No. 17 3.00 2.50 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 70. Culver 2 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 71. Any other variety 2 .00 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 72. New varieties not scheduled 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 73. Fairfax 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 74. Four baskets of strawberries, any variety 3. 00 2. 00 1.00 Cherry, one quart. — No. 75. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pea, one-half peck. — No. 76. Thomas Laxton 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 77. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 78. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce, six heads. — No. 79. Big Boston Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 29 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 80. Display 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 81. Basket 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). — No. 82. Twelve vases, three stems in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Campanula. — No. 83. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Delphinium. — No. 84. One vase, not more than twelve spikes 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Roses. — No. 85. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Peonies. — No. 86. Vase 3.00 2.00 1.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney D. Table Decorations. Round table laid for four covers 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. * * * Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 87. Howard No. 17 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 88. Sample 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 89. Dorset 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 90. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 91. Collections, not more than six varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 92. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Cherry, one quart. — No. 93. Black Tartarian 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 94. Gov. Wood 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 95. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 96. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Beet, open culture. — No. 97. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Carrot.-^- No. 98. Two bunches, six in each 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Pea, one-half peck. No. 99. Gradus 2.00 1.50 1.00 k .50 No. 100. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cucumber, three specimens. — No. 10 1 . Any variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, July 6 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 102. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 103. Small display 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year. Basket. — No. 104. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Japanese Iris. — No. 105. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 106. Ten vases, one stem in a vase, preferably named 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Delphinium. — No. 107. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Lilium Candidum. — No. 108. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Wild Flowers, no duplicates. — No. 109. Fifteen vases, not more than five stems in a vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Roses. — No. 110. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 111. Downing's Bride 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 112. Ten dollars maybe used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. No. 113. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Raspberry, Black Cap, one pint. — No. 114. Named variety 1.50 1.00 .50 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 115. Early varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 116. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Gooseberry, one quart. — No. 1 17. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cherry, one quart. — No. 1 18. Coe's Transparent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 1 19. Montmorency 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 120. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 121. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Bean, Snap, one-half peck. — No. 122. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Pea, one-half peck. — No. 123. Sutton's Excelsior 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 124. Alderman 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 125. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Display of Vegetables. — No. 126. Not to exceed 24 square feet, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Tomato, twelve specimens. — No 127. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 13 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Sweet Peas, annual. — No. 128. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 129. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas, round table laid for four covers, Gypsophila may be used. Flowers grown by exhibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Sweet Peas. — No. 130. Small basket, any green may be used 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund E. Collection of Sweet Peas? fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. * * * Japanese Iris. — No. 131. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cut Flowers. — No. 132. Display, not exceeding 30 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 3.50 1.00 Lilium Regale. — No. 133. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Centaurea. — No. 134. Display, Gypsophila may be used 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 Petunia. — No. 135. Twenty vases, one flower in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 2 .00 1 50 1 00 .50 1 50 A 00 .50 2. 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 136. Latham 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 137. Cuthbert 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 138. Any other red variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 139. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 140. Perfection No. 141. White Grape No. 142. Any other variety Pea, one-half peck — No. 143. Telephone 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Bean, Snap, one-half peck. — No. 144. Wax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 145. Green Pod 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 Cucumber. — No. 146. Three specimens 1.50 1.00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 147. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce, Iceberg. — No. 148. Twelve heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 149. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 20 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 150. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 151. Standard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No other standards to be shown. Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon). — No. 152. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Table Decorations. — No. 153. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance . 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Sweet Peas, annual. — No. 154. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 155. Twelve vases 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Hemerocallis. — No. 156. Collection 2.50 2.00 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 157. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 158. Any red variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Blackberry, one quart. — No. 159. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Blueberry. — No. 160. One quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Currants, twenty-four bunches. — No. 161. Wilder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 162 Sweet, any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 163. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 164. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Lettuce, twelve heads. — No. 165. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 27 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 166. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 167. Small display 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large displays during the year. Gladiolus. — No. 168. Ten vases, named varieties, one spike in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Phlox, perennial. — No. 169. Large vase 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Annuals. — No. 170. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 171. Astrachan 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 172. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Blackberry, one quart. — No. 173. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Blueberry, one quart. — No. 174. 1.50 1.00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 175. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 176. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 177. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 25 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 178. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 179. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 180. Irish Cobbler 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 181. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Vegetables. — F. Display, Round Table, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, August 3 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 182. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Flower Arrangement for Living Room. — No. 183. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes, highest award not to exceed $2.00. Gladiolus. — No. 184. Display. 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Larkspur, annual. — No. 185. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Salpiglossis. — No. 186. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Phlox, perennial. — No. 187. Fifteen vases, one cluster in each 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Zinnia. — No. 188. Twenty vases, one flower in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Wild Flowers. — No. 189. Vase 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney G. Display of Cut Flowers 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for twenty vases or displays during the year. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 27 Blueberry, one quart. — No. 190. Cultivated 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 191. Oldenburg 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 192. Astrachan 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 193. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 194. Dwarf Horticultural 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 195. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 196. Copenhagen 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 197. Any other named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 198. Yellow, Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 199. Rose 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 200. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. — No. 201. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 10 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gladiolus. — No. 202. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 203. Standard of gladiolus 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No other standards to be shown. No. 204. Twenty vases, one spike in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Aster, large flowered, long stem. — No. 205. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Salpiglossis. — No 206. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Phlox Drummondi. — No. 207. Display 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Annuals. — No. 208. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers on a Mirror. — No. 209. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 210. Williams 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 211. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. — No. 212. Varieties not scheduled 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 29 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 213. Carman 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 214. Any other variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 215. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Squash, three specimens. — No. 216. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties) 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 217. Dwarf, any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 218. Pole, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Bean, String, one-half peck. — No. 219. Kentucky Wonder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. — No. 220. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 221. Any named variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Mushroom, native. — No. 222. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Cucumber, for pickles.- No. 223. One-half peck 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 17 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gladiolus. — No. 224. Basket. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Zinnia. — No. 225. Display, notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Dahlia. — No. 226. Display. Single, pompon, and miniature 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Display of Garden Flowers. — H. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 * * * Flowers on Mirror. — No. 227. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors may use own containers. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor. Aster, single or anemone. — No. 228. Vase 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apples, twelve specimens.— No. 229. Early Mcintosh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 230. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Plums, twelve specimens. — No. 231. Washington 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 232. Bradshaw 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 233. Imperial Gage 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 234. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 31 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 235. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 236. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Bean, Pole, one-half peck. — No. 237. Shell 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 238. String, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 239. Sweet, not less than twelve rows 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 240. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 241. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Thursday, August 24 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 242. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 243. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Aster, large flowered. — No. 244. Twenty vases, three blooms in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Lilies. — No. 245. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Dahlia. — LAR( E FLOWERED. — No. 246. Twenty vases, one flower in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Zinnia. — SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY. No. 247. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 248. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Verbena. — No. 249. Basket or Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Five Miniature Containers. — No. 250. Display. A group of five miniature containers, 6 inches over all in height. Containers to be owned and flowers to be grown by exhibitors. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 33 Apples, twelve specimens. — No. 251. Porter 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 252. Red Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 253. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Plum.— No. 254. Display, no restriction as to arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 255. Golden Jubilee 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 256. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 257. Clapp's Favorite 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 258. Any named variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Pepper, twelve specimens. — No. 259. Harris's Early 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 260. Bell Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 261. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, August 31 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 262. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class 2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 263. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00. Dahlia. — No. 264. Standard— Dahlias predominating 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No other standards to be shown. Gladiolus. — No. 265. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Aster. — No. 266. Display, not exceeding 25 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Scabiosa. — No. 267. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lilies. — No. 268. Vase 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 269. Gravenstein 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 270. Maiden's Blush 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 271. Wealthy 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, Crab, twenty-four specimens. — No. 272. Hyslop 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 273. Champion 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 274. Seedlings 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 275. Crawford (early) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 276. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 277. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 35 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 278. Golden Varieties 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 279. Lombard 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 280. Burbank 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 281. New varieties 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 282. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 283. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Grape, three clusters. — No. 284. Green Mountain 2. 00 1 .50 1 ,00 .50 No. 285. Moore's 1 .50 1 ,00 .50 No. 286. Ontario 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 287. Varieties not scheduled 1 .50 1 ,00 .50 No. 288. New varieties 1 . 50 -g 1 00 .50 No. 289. Fredonia 2. 00 1 1 . OU i i uu . oU Pepper, twelve specimens. — No. 290. Squash 2. 00 1 .50 -* 1 .00 .50 No. 291. Any other variety 2 00 1 1 . oU i . UU . OU Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 292. Bonny Best 2. 00 1 50 1 .00 .50 No. 293. Beauty 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 294. Any other variety 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Bean, one-half peck. — No. 295. Dwarf Lima 2, 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 296. Pole Lima 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 297. Any named variety 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Celery, blanched (named) six specimens. No. 298. Any variety 2 ,00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Carrot, twelve specimens. — No. 299. Any variety 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Egg Plant.— No. 300. Three specimens 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Mushroom, native. — No. 301. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Thursday, September 7 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 302. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 303. Metal container of cut flowers, container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00. Dahlia. — No. 304. Twenty vases, one flower in each vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cosmos. — No. 305. Vase or basket 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus. — No. 306. Fifteen vases, one spike in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 307. New varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 308. Wealthy 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Pear, twelve specimens.— No. 309. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 310. Louise Bonne de Jersey 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 311. Urbaniste 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 312. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 313. Crawford (late) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 314. Elberta 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 315. Display, no restriction as to arrangement 8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 316. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 37 Grape, three clusters. — No. 317. Brighton 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 318. Campbell 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 319. Lindley 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 320. Worden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 321. Concord 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 322. Delaware 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 323. Niagara 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 324. Pocklington 1.50 1.00 .50 No 325. Moore's Diamond 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 326. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 327. New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 328. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Melon, three specimens. — No. 329. Green Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 330. Yellow Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 331. Water 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato. — No. 332. Display. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Vegetables. — I. Display to cover 24 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Dahlia Exhibition Thursday, September 14 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Dahlia. — No. 333. Fifty vases, one flower in each. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 334. Twelve vases, one flower ineach 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year. No. 335. Single varieties, twenty vases 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 336. Basket of large flowered 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 POMPON. No. 337. Twenty vases, three sprays in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Display of Flower Arrangement. — No. 338. Not to cover more than 24 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes. No baskets. Scale of Points by Which the Above Class is to be Judged Quality of flowers 40 points Proportion and harmony of flowers with receptacles 35 " Arrangement of flowers 25 " Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 339. Cut flowers in vases. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 39 Edwin Draper Fund Begonia, tuberous rooted. — J. Display of Potted Plants. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 340. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — NO. 341. Seckel 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 342. Any variety, not scheduled 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Peach. — No. 343. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 344. Orange 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grapes. — No. 345. Display of Grapes. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Squash, three specimens. — No. 346. Warren 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 347. Golden Hubbard 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 348. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 349. Red 2.C No. 350. Savoy No. 351. Any other variety 2.C Cauliflower. — No. 352. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Turnip. — No. 353. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50 Broccoli. — No. 354. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1 .50 1 .00 .50 1 .50 1 .00 .50 1 ,50 1 .00 .50 Thursday, September 21 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by ■ the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Dahlia. — No. 355. Display. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the secretary two days in advance. No. 356. Basket 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year. Cosmos. — No. 357. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Marigold. — No. 358. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, one standard box, standard pack. — No. 359. Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 360. Hubbardston 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 361. Tompkins King 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 362. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 363. For other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 364. Sheldon 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 365. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. Twenty dollars to may used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Potato, six varieties (named). — No. 366. Twelve specimens of each 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 41 Squash, three specimens. — No. 367. Green Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 368. Any othervariety,not scheduled 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Cauliflower. — No. 369. Three specimens. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Edwin Draper Fund Vegetables. — K. Collection not to exceed 25 varieties 10.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5 00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 28 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public f om 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 370. Display 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Standard of Cut Flowers. — No. 371. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Dried Flowers, Statice, Strawflowers, Lunaria (Honesty). — No. 372. Display. 4.00 3.50 2.00 1.00 Table Decorations of Flowers. — No. 373. Oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers grown by ex- hibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, one standard box, standard pack. — No. 374. Any variety not scheduled 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 375. Sutton Beauty 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Display of Fruit. — Xo. 376. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 377. Bosc 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grape, open culture. — No. 378. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Pumpkins, three specimens. — Xo. 379. Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 43 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 380. Any named variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Parsley. — No. 381. One-half peck 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Peppers. — No. 382. Display. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes. Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 383. Golden 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 384. Other varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 385. Blue Hubbard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney L. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 16 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 5 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 386. Display — $40.00 may be awarded for prizes. Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 387. Cut flowers in vases. Ten dollars maybe used forprizes. Apple, one standard box, standard pack. — No. 388. Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 389. Baldwin 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 390. Bellflower 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 391. Winter Banana 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 392. R. I. Greening 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 393. Northern Spy 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 394. Palmer 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 395. Roxbury Russet 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 396. Cortland 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 397. Opalescent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 398. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 399. New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 4C0. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 401. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. No. 402. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 403. Angouleme 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 404. Clairgeau 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 405. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 19391 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 45 No. 406. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 407. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Grape, open culture. — No. 408. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 409. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 410. Champion 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cauliflower. — No. 411. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 412. Golden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 413. Any other varieties, not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Endive. — No. 414. Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Leeks. — No. 415. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50 Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 416. For varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Salsify. — No. 417. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 418. Purple Top Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 419. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, October 19 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Ferns. — No. 420. Display, potted ferns, named varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Specimen Fern. — No. 421. One plant 3.00 2.00 1.00 Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 422. Plants. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Gut Flowers. — No. 423. Basket. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Pear. — No. 424. Lawrence 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, one standard box, standard pack. — * No. 425. Baldwin 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 426. Any other variety except Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 427. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 428. Three flats, any variety 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Apples, forty-nine specimens. — No. 429. Any named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Table Decorations — Fruit. — No. 430. Round table laid for four covers, no restrictions. No- tify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 431. Yellow Globe Danvers 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 432. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 47 Squash. — No. 433. Collection 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 434. English varieties, not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 435. Any variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Grains. — No. 436. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. Field Beans. — No. 437 Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished) No. 438. Display. Twelve dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 9, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 10, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 11, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 12, 12 m. to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday Chrysanthemums. — Use catalogue of Elmer D. Smith & Co. of Adrian, Michigan. No. 439. Twelve blooms, not less than six varieties, to be named 12.00 10.00 8.00 No. 440. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00 No. 441. Pompons, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 442. Single varieties, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 443. Korean varieties, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 444. Anemones, display in vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 445. Six specimen plants 10 . 00 8 . 00 6 . 00 No. 446. One specimen plant, one plant in pot 3.00 2.00 1.00 Standard Commercial Varieties. — Use catalogue of Elmer D. Smith & Co. of Adrian, Michigan. No. 447. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 448. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 449. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet. Exhibition Varieties. — No. 450. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 451. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 452. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 49 Chrysanthemums. — No. 453. Basket of Pompons 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 454. Basket of Single 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 455. Basket of Anemones 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 456. Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00 Garden Displays Plant Displays A \- 775.00 Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition. M. Special Exhibits. — Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Frederick A. Blake Fund N. Chrysanthemums.— Best bloom 4.00 3.00 2.00 O. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars may be awarded for prizes. Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage P. Table Decorations. — A Thanksgiving table. No restric- tions. Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars to be used for prizes. Fern Globes. — No. 457. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Terrariums. — No. 458. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 459. Small — Containers must not exceed 18 inches in any dimen- sion 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 Wild Fruits and Berries. — No. 460. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00 .50 Physalis Franchettii (Chinese Lanterns). — No. 461. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Fruit Display. — No. 462. No restriction as to arrangement. $40.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Apples, forty-nine specimens. — No. 463. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 464. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 465. Delicious 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 466. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 467. Fancy Basket of Apples 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 468. Fancy Basket of Pears 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund A. Baldwin, best twelve. — Three premiums 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 B. Northern Spy. — Three premiums 1 .50 1 .00 .50 C. Delicious. — Three premiums 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 D. Rhode Island Greening. — Three premiums 1 ,50 1 .00 .50 E. Roxbury Russet. — Three premiums 1. 50 1 ,00 .50 F. Sutton Beauty. — Three premiums 1. 50 1, 00 .50 G. Mcintosh. — Three premiums 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 H. Any other Variety. — Three premiums 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 * * * Brussels Sprouts. — No. 469. One-half peck 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 19391 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 51 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 470. Giant Pascal No. 471. Any other variety Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 472. White Globe No. 473. Red Globe No. 474. Cracker No. 475. Any other variety Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 476. Any variety Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 477. Hollow Crown Squash, three specimens. — No. 478. Green Hubbard Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 479. Purple Top Globe Turnip, six specimens. — No. 480. White Swede No. 481. Yellow Swede Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 482. Green Mountain No. 483. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 7, 1939. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1939. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information. 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Florence E. Field, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library The Garden in Color, by Louise Beebe Wilder — 1937 Irises, by F. F. Rockwell— 1928 Peonies, by F. F. Rockwell— 1938 The Garden of Gourds, by L. H. Bailey — 1937 Everybody's Garden, by Frank A. Waugh — 1930 Chrysanthemums, with Supplement on Forcing with the use of black cloth and training Cascade Chrysanthemums, by Alex. Laurie — 1930 The Mushroom Handbook, by Louis C. C. Krieger — 1936 Vines, by Miss Dorothy H. Jenkins — 1937 Garden Making and Keeping, by Dr. Hugh Findlay How to Grow Roses, by McFarland-Pyle — 1937 The International edition of the 1938 Gladiolus Society Year Book The 1937 Royal Horticultural Society Lily Year Book Modern Dahlias, by J. Louis Roberts — 1938 The Present-Day Rock Garden, by Sampson Clay (English), 1937 The Delphinium Year Book, -^1937 (The American Delphinium Society) Garden Bulbs in Color, by J. Horace McFarland, R. Marion Hatton, and Daniel J. Foley — 1938 Flower Decoration (English), by Constance Spry — 1933 Flowers in House and Garden (English), by Constance Spry — 1937 The 1938 American Rose Annual, issued by The American Rose Society Herbaceous Borders and the Waterside, by Richard Sudell — 1938 The Gardener's Omnibus, by E. I. Farrington— 1938 How to Know the Wild Flowers, by Francis Theodore Parsons — 1935 Familiar Flowers of Field and Garden, by F. Schuyler Mathews — 1937 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 53 Green Laurels, by Donald Culross Peattie — 1936 Our Shade Trees, by Ephraim Porter Felt — 1938 Creative Flower Arrangement, by Dorothy Biddle and Dorothea Blom— 1938 Color in Everyday Life, by Louis Weinberg — 1937 Soilless Growth of Plants, by Ellis and Swaney — 1938 The Garden Dictionary, Edited by Norman Taylor — 1936 Pioneering with Fruits and Berries, by George D. Aikin — 1936 Roses of the World in Color, by J. Horace McFarland — 1936 Succulent Plants, by H. Jacobsen — 1935 The Identification of Trees and Shrubs, by F. K. Makins — 1937 Japanese Flower Arrangement for Modern Homes, by Margaret Preininger — 1936 Your City Garden, by Margaret McKenny and E.L.D. Seymour — 1937 The Royal Horticultural Society Lily Book — 1936 The American Rose Annual. Edited by J. Horace McFarland for The American Rose Society American Delphinium Society Year Book — 1936 Design in Flower Arrangement, by John Taylor Arms and Dorothy Noyes Arms— 1937 The Book of Bulbs, by F. F. Rockwell— 1932 The Complete Book of Gardening. Edited by Leonard Barron — 1936 The Book of Shrubs, by Alfred C. Hottes— 1937 Wild Gardens of New England, by Walter Prichard Eaton — 1936 Cactus, by A. J. van Laren — 1935 California Cactus, by E. M. Baxter — 1935 The Gardener's How Book, by Chesla C. Sherlock — 1935 Insect Enemies of Shade Trees, by Glenn W. Herrick — 1935 1936 Gladiolus Year Book, New England Gladiolus Society How to Know the Mosses, by Elizabeth Marie Dunham — 1916 Ferns of the Vicinity of New York, by John Kunkel Small — 1935 Bigger and Better Roses for Garden, House and Exhibition (English), by G. F. Mappin— 1935 Lilies: Their Culture and Management, by H. Drysdale Woodcock and J. Coutts (London, 1935) Rhododendrons and Azaleas, by Clement Gray Bowers — 1935 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 A Year in the Rose Garden, by J. H. Nicolas — 1936 The Garden Encyclopedia, Edited by E. L. D. Seymour — 1936 Clematis (The Large and Small Flowered), by Ernest Markham (London, 1935) Rock Gardens: How to Make and Maintain Them, by Lewis B. Meredith— 1923 Plant Hunting on the Edge of the World, by F. Kingdon Ward (London, 1930) Plant Propagation, by Alfred C. Hottes — 1934 Daylilies, by Dr. A. B. Stout— 1934 Worcester County Horticultural Society SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday, August 19 and Saturday, September 9, 1939 Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street Worcester, Massachusetts Saturday, August 1 9 All articles must be in the hall by 1 o'clock The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. Open to Children under 14 years of age Display of Flowers. — No. 1. Not to exceed fifteen vases 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 .25 No. 2. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers .75 .50 .25 .25 Zinnia. — No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Asters. — No. 4, Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Petunia. — No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 . 25 . 25 Calendula. — No. 6. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 7. Not to exceed fifteen vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 8. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 9. Not to exceed 12 varieties 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 Beets. — No. 10. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Summer Squash. — No. 11. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 String Beans. — No. 12. Two quarts .75 .50 .25 .25 Potato. — No. 13. Twelve specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 14. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 15. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Carrots. — No. 16. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Cucumber. — No. 17. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 57 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 Display of Flowers. — No. 18. Not to exceed 15 vases 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.00 No. 19. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Asters. — No. 20. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Petunia. — No. 21. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Gladiolus. — No. 22. Basket 1 . 00 . 75 .50 .25 Zinnia. — No. 23. Not to exceed 10 vases 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 24. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 25. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 26 Not over 15 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 Potato. — No. 27. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Beets. — No. 28. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Carrots. — No. 29. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Shell Beans. — No. 30. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 String Beans. — No. 31. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 32. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 33 . Six specimens 1 . 25 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Cucumber. — No. 34. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Summer Squash. — No. 35 . Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Saturday, September 9 All articles must be in the hall by 1 o'clock The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. Open to Children under 14 years of age Display of Flowers. — No. 36. Nottoexceedl5vases2. 00 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 .25 No. 37. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers .75 .50 .25 .25 Cosmos. — No. 38. Vase .75 .50 .25 .25 Calendula. — No. 39. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Petunia. — No. 40. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Asters. — No. 41. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Zinnia. — No. 42. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Marigolds. — No. 43. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Gladiolus. — No. 44. Basket .75 .50 .25 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 45. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 46. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 47. Not to exceed 12 varieties 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 Shell Beans. — No. 48. Two quarts in pods .75 .50 .25 .25 Beets. — No. 49. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Carrots. — No. 50. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 51. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 1939] SCHEDULE OP PREMIUMS 59 Green Peppers. — No. 52. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Tomato. — No. 53. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Winter Squash. — No. 54 Two specimens 1.00 .75 .25 .25 Potato.— No. 55. Twelve specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Cucumber. — No. 56. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 Display of Flowers. — No. 57. Not to exceed 15 vases 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 75 1 . 50 No. 58. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Petunia. — No. 59. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Dahlias. — No. 60. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Zinnia. — No. 61. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Marigold. — No. 62. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Cosmos. — No. 63 , One large vase 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Gladiolus. — No. 64. Basket 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 65. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 66. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Dahlia. — No. 67. Vase 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 68. Not to exceed 15 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 60 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1939 Potato. — No. 69. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Carrots. — No. 70. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Beets. — No. 71. Six specimens 1 . 25 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 72. Six ears . 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Peppers. — No. 73. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 74. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Cabbage. — No. 75. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 Winter Squash. — No. 76. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Celery. — No. 77. Three specimens .75 .50 .25 Shell Beans. — No. 78. Two quarts in the pod 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Onion. — No. 79. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Cucumber. — No. 80. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. 1939] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 61 Special Prizes Offered by Secretary Herbert R. Kinney To the ones receiving the two largest amounts under 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. To the ones receiving the two largest amounts over 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. * * * For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary. TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the year ending December 5, 1940 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1940 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS MRS. HOMER GAGE S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT Worcester, M ass. No. Grafton, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester LIBRARIAN MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester TRUSTEES Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter \\ Albert W. Schneider Myron S. Wheeler Mrs. Mary D. White Ernest P. Bennett Auburn Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester Still River Willis E. Cary Worcester Sutton Frederick H. Chamberlain Worcester Clinton J. Frank Cooper Worcester Clinton Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester Boylston Mrs. Florence C. Emory Worcester Boylston Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Worcester Shrewsbury Ernest Hansen Worcester Shrewsbury Allen W. Hixon Worcester Auburn Allyne W. Hixon Worcester est Boylston Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Worcester Clinton H. Ward Moore Worcester Berlin Harry I. Randall Worcester Holden Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester Worcester George F. E. Story Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Myron F. Converse, 1940 Leonard C. Midgley, 1942 Harry Harrison, 1941 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Chandler Bullock, 1940 John H. Brooks, Jr., 1941 Walter S. Young, 1942 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney J. Frank Cooper Leonard C. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins Mrs. Amy W. Smith ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Joseph A. Allen Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Elizabeth R. Bishop Allen W. Hixon Edward W\ Breed Allyne W. Hixon Ralph Breed Leonard C. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport H. Ward Moore Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey Mrs. Florence E. Field Charles Potter Mrs. WTilliam W. Taft Myron F. Converse, President Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary AUDITORS Harry C. Midgley Arthur H. Bellows H. Ward Moore JUDGES Plants and Flowers: William Anderson, Still River Fruit: S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester MEDAL COMMITTEE Myron F. Converse, Chairman Edward W. Breed Allen W. Hixon ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence C. Emory Leonard C. Midgley Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs H. Ward Moore Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street Albert H. Inman, Vice-President PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS To the M embers of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: One hundred years of continuous operation is the record with which we close the year's work of this Society and enter upon the program of another century. The winter months were favored with a course of Thursday lectures which brought speakers possessed of information per- tinent to the subjects assigned to them with the result that the large number of people who attended the various sessions were privileged to gather much valuable information therefrom. At the conclusion of these lectures, the Annual Reunion of the Society was held on March 14, 1940, in our building, which had been thoroughly renovated since the fire of the previous Labor Day. The program consisted of a dinner served in the dining room with Dr. Burges Johnson of Union College, Schenec- tady, New York, as the speaker. His address on the subject of "The Yankee and His Ancestors," delivered in a scholarly and interesting manner, held the strict attention of his audience. The meeting then adjourned to the main hall, where the Embassy Club Male Quartette of Boston rendered an excellent program of familiar musical numbers. At the conclusion of the musical program and in pursuance of a custom of long standing, a Grand March was held in which many people participated and which was followed by dancing until a late hour — an evening well spent. Then came the Spring Show which brought delight to a vast number of people who attended and witnessed the results of the work which had engaged weeks of time and attention of our exhibitors. The weekly summer exhibits held each Thursday were attrac- tive, and another successful season closed with the Chrysan- themum Show held in November. This exhibit, too, was ideal in arrangement as well as in quality. It filled Horticultural Hall and the various adjoining rooms. It was another success which brought joy to the flower lovers of this vicinity. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 Much detailed information on these various matters is con- tained in the committee reports which are to be presented at this meeting. It is with distinct appreciation that mention is made herein of the 4-H Club exhibit shown in conjunction with our flower exhibit of September 26. The co-operation existing between the members of the Worces- ter Garden Club and our members is a subject which has here- tofore received mention and commendation from us. We are grateful for their continued interest as exhibitors in the Spring Show. This year in the Lecture Room their ideas were expressed in attractive table decorations. Early in December the same group demonstrated in the Lecture Room designs of distinctive Christmas symbols and decorations which received appreciative attention from numerous visitors. Among the many privileges which come to us as a family are the pleasant associations which we enjoy with its various members — not least among which is that with Mr. Herbert R. Kinney, who in the earlier days came as an associate of his father but for many long years has been an outstanding exhibitor on his own account, featuring especially vegetables of the finest quality. Meanwhile, he has proved to be successful as a grower of regal lilies of exceptional beauty. His years of official connec- tion with the Society have been long and varied. As Secretary, he has served well and faithfully during the past twenty-five years. In recognition of this unusual service to the Society, the members of the Finance Committee have requested that he sit for a painting of his portrait which it is proposed will hang in the Secretary's Room in a panel over the fireplace. In closing, let me express to the people who have helped to bring this year's work to a successful conclusion a word of sincere appreciation of their efforts. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Coxyerse, President December 5, 1940 SECRETARY'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Our lectures for 1940 were along our usual lines, with all lectures illustrated. Thursday, January 11, 1940, "Year Round Beauty in the Garden," by Mr. Arthur E. Howard, of Worcester. Before introducing the speaker President Myron F. Converse spoke at some length about the fire in this building Labor Day and of some of the repairs that had been finished. He then introduced Mr. Howard whose lecture was illustrated with motion pictures. Mr. Howard said, "What you see in these pictures was once just a backyard gravel pit. Now with many trees, shrubs, perennials, annuals and two brooks, a small mill wheel and many stones in various forms, it produces the pictures I am going to show you." Thursday, January 18, 1940, "Gardens around Charleston," by Mrs. J. Thompson Brown, Spartanburg, S. C. The pictures were beautiful and showed many of the old gardens and plants that had been growing a hundred years in the same places as well as some of the newly developed beauty of this region. January 25, 1940, "Colonial Gardens and Plants," by Pro- fessor Arnold M. Davis of Amherst, Mass. The Colonial Gardens of Massachusetts were at their height from 1750 to 1830. The so-called Victorian type of house which is considered the finest type of architecture in America was introduced about 1840. He showed and described many beau- tiful pictures of gardens and houses. February 1, 1940, "Your Personality Expressed in Table Arrangements," by Louise Thompson, New Rochelle, N. Y. She furnished her own flowers and materials. She was certainly an expert in the handling of both flowers and materials. Some of her arrangements she stressed with seasonable colors and 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 materials. She recommended using flowers when they were cheap, but when high, suggested using some fruits and vegetables. She urged those having white damask put away to bring it out. Thursday, February 8, "A Botanist's Trip into the Mexican Mountains," by Dr. W. H. Camp, New York Botanical Gardens. This lecture described some of the trials of the party search- ing for botanical specimens in the southern Mexican mountains. February 15, " Peace in the Garden," by Mrs. Preston Rice of Kent Hills, Grand Rapids, Mich. The night before this lecture we had the worst snow- and windstorm of the winter and many streets were unpassable the next day; but when Vice President Albert H. Inman called the meeting to order at 2.30 o'clock p.m. there were one hundred twenty-five present. The lecture was beautifully illustrated with charming com- binations. SPRING EXHIBITION March 7-10, 1940 There were ten garden displays and one thousand dollars was awarded on them. Ten plant displays which were awarded $256. There was a very nice showing of carnations. This made a very fine plant and flower exhibition. Apples of good quality were shown in displays, flats, forty-nine and plates. There were some nice baskets. There were five displays of vegetables, some of them good. The Annual Reunion of the Society was held Thursday eve- ning, March 14, 1940. The Library was decorated with palms and plants from Hixon's greenhouses and the Library tables with white lilies. There was a reception in the Library from 6.30 to 7.00 o'clock when the line was formed to march to the dining room which was decorated with pink carnations from Vice President S. Lothrop Davenport's greenhouses. After the divine blessing by Rev. Mr. Joseph W. Beach, of the First Universalist Church, Mr. Lunt served a crown of lamb dinner with all the fixings which, while it was a new menu to us, seemed to be enjoyed. Following the dinner a short address of welcome was given by President Converse who then introduced the speaker, Dr. Burges Johnson of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., whose subject was "Yankees and Their Ancestors." He spoke of early moving from northern New England to Connecticut and of the very great changes that have come since modern methods of travel have become common. He told about while he lived in Connecticut, about five years, he went once up to Norwich which was quite a journey and Connecticut is not a large state. He found isolated places in northern New England that had changed slowly. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 Following the address there was a musical program by the Embassy Club Male Quartette of Boston which was much enjoyed. After the concert Russ Cole's orchestra of Worcester fur- nished music for dancing as a finale for a very pleasant evening. During the last few years our calls for small and miniature vases has proved to be the most popular feature with our exhib- itors and the public and has drawn some new exhibitors. This has been largely due to the excellent distribution of the prizes by our judge, Mr. Anderson. These exhibits are not expensive to stage and by using small prizes there can be many of the exhibits recognized. I hope that this feature may be continued and perhaps expanded. I have believed for a long time that we should do something to help our new or prospective exhibitors as most of our larger exhibitors are really professionals. Many of them not only have been showing here many years, but were exhibiting in the days of the Agricultural Society when they met real pro- fessionals. In 1924 I not only was thinking seriously along this line, but decided to do something about it. I began offering prizes for some of our regular calls to those who do not show in the regular calls of the Society during the year. Some of these exhibitors have been showing every year since. The exhibits have been varied but have always been awarded to those who have not shown in the Society's call. These premiums have been offered at times on exhibits from table decorations to displays of vege- tables. The changes have been made where it seemed that it would help encourage the exhibitors or improve the classes. CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION There has seldom been one of these exhibitions when the building, as a whole, filled better. There seemed to be room enough and no empty spaces. The attendance as compared with some other years was small. There was none of the full house we have often had Saturday and Sunday afternoons and evenings. The arrangements in the front vestibule were good. There was no place in the Auditorium where you could see the whole floor and stage and there was no seat in the balcony where you could really see the stage. Professor Robert S. Illingworth's botanical window garden in the upper vestibule seemed to be the star attraction. The exhibits from the woods, in the Conference Room, were again very popular. Of the exhibits in the Auditorium, Mr. Breed had an attrac- tive garden display on the east side with Mr. Allen; Iristhorpe, the center; Sunnyside on the stage; Hixon's Greenhouses and Albert W. Schneider on the west side; A. E. Conti under the clock; west room, Herbert E. Berg and Rainbow Gardens. There were some good potted chrysanthemums in this room. Iristhorpe's large chrysanthemums were the outstanding exhibit of the show. The small chrysanthemums were not as good perhaps owing to the warm weather. There was an excellent showing of apples. The Vegetable Exhibit was not as large as usual but there were some excellent displays. TREASURER'S REPORT For the Year Ending December 4, 1940 Statement of Income and Expenditures Income Rent Hall $385.00 Stores 39,999.96 $40,384.96 Permanent Funds : Membership Fund.. $99.08 Blake Fund 158.00 Dewey Fund 25.15 Draper Fund 51.00 Eames Fund 32.00 Hadwen Fund 91.00 Morse Fund 11.00 Membership Fees 467.23 70.00 Interest Earned: Permanent Funds. Investments $150.79 243.32 Winter Meetings. Other Income: H. R. Kinney. 394.11 193.40 34.00 Retirement of Class A Stock Worcester County Trust Com- pany 162.50 Total $41,706.20 Cash Balance, December 6, 1939 11,363.26 Expenditures Library Winter Meetings. Periodicals Publications Premiums: Of 1940 Special Children's . . . . Blake Fund . . . Draper Fund . . Eames Fund . . Hadwen Fund. Morse Fund . . . Expense: Exhibitions . . . Office Operating Miscellaneous . 6,423.00 84.00 248.70 158.00 51.00 32.00 91.00 11.00 $387.70 423.21 429.68 583.17 $53,069.46 Maintenance: Furniture and Fix- tures $1,303.12 Real Estate 346.84 Salaries Interest Paid on Mortgage (Front St.) Interest Added to Permanent Funds Interest Returned to Investments Insurance Light, Heat, and Water Janitor Service Mortgage Reduction (Front St. Property) Transfer to Membership Fund. . . Returned to Investments Furniture and Fixtures Repairs and replacements of fire damage — balance of insurance money Medals Taxes: Social Security paid under pro- test, including interest Total Cash Balance, December 4, 1940 $85i 930.: 89i 780.2 en: ■coo 7,098.7 1,823.7 1,649.9*! 2, 890.0<| 5,313.2: 150.71 243.3J 757.3 1,153.3 2,657.5' 16,000.0*1 70.0* 162. 5* 200.00 9,110.41 15.51 906.64 $52,089.31 980.15 KS3, 069.46 Statement of Gains and Losses Gains nexpended Balances of Appropriations: Children's Exhibi- tions $51.30 Premiums Appro- priated 402.00 453.30 embership Fees 70.00 come from Permanent Funds. . 467.23 nts 40,384.96 her Income 34.00 $41,409.49 Losses Appropriations $10,000.00 Depreciation 1,190.19 Special and Permanent Fund Premiums 427.00 Expense Accounts 1,823.76 Insurance 757.38 Interest 5,069.90 Janitor Service 2,657.50 Light, Heat, and Water 1,153.37 Maintenance Accounts 1,649.96 Periodicals 89.80 Publications 780.25 Salaries (Excess of Appropriations) 15.00 Winter Meetings 736.97 Medals 15.50 Taxes 906.64 $27,273.22 Net Gain to Surplus 14,136.27 $41,409.49 Statement of Assets and Liabilities Assets Permanent Funds (Investment) People's Sav. Bk. (Hadwen Fund). Wor. Five Cts. Sav (Draper Fund). . . (Eames Fund) . . . (Morse Fund) . . . Wor. Co. Inst, for Sav. (Coulson Fund). . Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk. (Blake Fund). . . . (Dewey Fund) . . . (McWilliam Fund) $1,039.95 Bk. 359.78 554.58 527.45 1,033.28 1,263.63 1,000.00 214.34 Investments: Wor. Co. Inst, for Sav $3,456.45 Wor. Five Cents Sav. Bk 3,345.09 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk 3,548.02 Wor. Co. Trust Co. 65 shrs. Class A Stock at $7.50 per share 487.50 10,837.06 Membership Fund 4,440.00 Real Estate 480,000.00 Furniture and Fixtures 19,022.76 Library 1,700.89 Cash 980.15 Liabilities Blake Fund: Principal Income Coulson Fund: Principal Income Dewey Fund: Principal Income Draper Fund: Principal Income $5,993.01 Eames Fund: Principal Income Hadwen Fund: Principal Income McWilliam Fund: Principal Income Morse Fund: Principal Income Mortgage Note, Front Street Property Surplus: Balance, Dec. 6, 1939 $379,844.59 Net Gain, 1940 14,136.27 $1,000.(. 263. ( 1,000.0 33.2 1 ,000.0 0.C 300.C 59.7. 500.0 54.5- 1 ,000.0 39.9 200.0 14.3 500.0- 27.41 123,000.0' 393,980.8 $522,973.87 $522,973.8 Respectfully submitted, B. W. Greenwood, Treasurer Auditor's Certificate I have examined the books of the Treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, together with vouchers, securities, and bank balances, for the year ending December 4, 1940, and find them to be correct. Adah B. Johnson, Accountant We have caused an audit of the books of the Treasurer to be made for the year ending December 4, 1940, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved. Respectfully submitted, Arthur H. Bellows, Harry C. Midgley, H. Ward Moore, Auditors Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1940 LIBRARIAN'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: During 1940 the activities of the Library have continued as usual with a slight increase in general reading. Five hundred and thirty-three books and magazines have been in circulation. Widely varied appeals for information are made to the Library during the year, some are answered easily, others often after hours of research. As our Library consists of well defined type of material, the research is made a fascinating interest. The buying of books to meet such varied needs is one of the most important problems of the Library Committee whose members are always on the alert to acquire worthwhile and helpful books to add to our valuable files. Suggestions about new volumes will be gratefully received and considered. It has seemed advisable to purchase extra copies of certain books that are called for frequently for reference. We acknowledge with pleasure and gratitude the interest which prompted the following donors of gifts to our Library: Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, who gave twTenty-seven books on horticulture — from the Library of his late wife, Mrs. Margaret P. Woodward; Mrs. Herbert P. Emory for the gift of The World Was My Garden, by David Fairchild; Mr. J. Henry Johnson, of Leominster, Mass., for the full set of the 1939 English monthly magazine, My Garden; Mrs. Florence T. Allen for thirty Journals of the Royal Horticultural Society. Accessions to the Library for 1940 include the following: The Practical Book of Garden Structure and Design, Harold Donaldson Eberlein, Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, 1937. Fun with Flowers, Donita Ferguson and Roy Sheldon, 1939. Book of the Broadleaf Trees, Frank H. Lamb, 1939. America's Garden Book, Louise Bush and James Brown, 1939. 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 Arranging Flowers throughout the Year, Katharine Thomas Cary and Nellie Dryden Merrell, 1940. Birds in the Garden, Margaret McKenny, 1939. Gardens and Gardening, English publication by F. A. Mercer and C. G. Holme, 1940. Growing Plants in Nutrient Solutions, Wayne I. Turner and Victor M. Henry, 1939. Trees of the South, Charlotte Hilton Green, 1939. American Delphinium Society Year Book for iQjQ. New England Gladiolus Society Year Book, 1940. Royal Horticultural Society Lily Year Book, 1939. The Royal Horticultural Society Daffodil Year Book, 1939. The American Rose Annual for IQ40, The American Rose Society. The American Rose Society Members' Handbook, 1940-41. Manning' s Plant Buyers Index, 1939. American Iris Society Alphabetical Iris Check List, Editor, Ethel Anson S. Peckham, 1939. Flower Arrangement in Color, Rockwell and Grayson, 1940. Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs, Alfred Rehder, 1940. The Herbalist, published by Indiana Botanic Gardens, Hammond, Indiana, 1934. The Garden Clinic, Laurence Blair, 1940. Important Tree Pests of the Northeast, 1940, edited by New England Section, Society of American Foresters Committee on Forest Protection Leaflets. Texas Wild Flower Legends, Nancy Richey Ranson, 1940. Trees, Samuel Rawlins Stevens, 1940. Just Weeds, Edwin Rollin Spencer, 1940. "House and Garden's" Book of Gardening, Richardson Wright, 1940. Grow Your Own Fruit, G. Kains, 1940. Gladiolus, F. F. Rockwell, 1939. Edible Wild Plants, Oliver Perry Medsger, 1939. Lilacs in My Garden, Alice Harding, 1933. The Outdoor Living Room, L. W. Ramsey and C. H. Lawrence, 1932. Garden Pools, Ramsey and Lawrence, 1935. Gardening Indoors, F. F. Rockwell and Esther C. Grayson, 1939. Judging the Amateur Flower Show, National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc. New Pronouncing Dictionary of Plant Names, E. R. Robinson. Respectfully submitted, Florence E. Field, Librarian Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Library Committee December 5, 1940 REPORT OF JUDGE OF FLOWERS AND PLANTS Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: It is particularly gratifying to be able to present to you a report of a succession of successful shows during this past year. In spite of the backward weather experienced during the early part of the summer, we had, during the latter part of the season, some of the best summer flower shows I have ever seen in Worcester. The Spring Flower Show was very good. The halls were well filled with exhibits. In addition to the usual groups of flowering and foliage plants, there was a fine display of carna- tions by the New England Carnation Growers Society as well as some fine vases by individual growers. In May and June the usual exhibits of spring bulbs, pansies, iris, the early roses and delphinium were rather poor. It was not until the Sweet Pea Show on July 18 that flowers began to appear in larger quantities and good quality. In the July shows there was strong competition in the sweet pea classes. There were nine competitors in the class for the display of sweet peas. Many fine new varieties were shown. Japanese iris and lilium candidum were also on exhibition. On July 25, in displays of cut flowers, competition was keen and the quality and arrangement very good. The ten standards of cut flowers were also good. A notable feature of the show on August 8 was the flower arrangements for a living room. Some of these arrangements were very striking. There were also fine displays of gladioli, phlox, and zinnias. At the Gladioli Show on August 15 many fine flowers and choice varieties were on display. Exhibits of annuals were very extensive and colorful. Asters were shown of much better quality than for several years. One popular feature of this show was the 33 exhibits in the class for a small vase of flowers shown on a mirror. A week later this class was repeated with 34 exhibitors. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 19 The best show of the season was the one held on August 29. The cut flower displays, the large flowered dahlias, the zinnias and asters were exceptionally good. There were also two very fine exhibits of tuberous rooted begonias. Another interesting class was the one calling for 5 miniature containers of flowers, 6 inches overall in height. There were 36 of these exhibits. The September 5 show had good displays of dahlias and asters. In the class calling for a pair of mantel vases there were 29 exhibits. The Dahlia Show on September 19 brought out some good exhibits of dahlias and tuberous rooted begonias. The display of flower arrangements, in which there were 17 exhibits, was excellent. Later exhibitions in September and October were notable for some fine displays of dahlias, cosmos, marigolds and hardy chrysanthemums. At the Chrysanthemum Show the main hall was filled with garden arrangements of chrysanthemums and other halls con- tained some very fine specimen blooms of the large flowered type. There were also many exhibits of anemone, single and pompon varieties. In the upper hall there were attractively arranged exhibits of wild fruits and berries, fern globes and terrariums. Not often seen at this show were exhibits of orchids and the Christmas rose. While the Children's Shows held on August 17 and Septem- ber 7 were not so large as usual, the material displayed and its arrangement were a credit to the exhibitors. Respectfully submitted, William Anderson, Judge of Plants and Flowers December 5, 1940 REPORT OF JUDGE OF FRUIT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: As New England has a most varied climate, so the seasons vary a great deal from year to year with its effect on the time of maturity, quality, and the amount of the various fruit crops, which in turn affect our exhibits. The past season was a very late one, with an unusual amount of rain and cold weather at blossom time, so that in spite of the very heavy bloom of most of the fruit trees, the set of fruit on peaches, pears, Mcintosh apples and others was very light. Due to lateness of the season and the light set of fruit, many of the fruit classes were not filled at the time of call, although some varieties made a good showing later on. Fruit was well represented at the Spring Show with displays, eight forty-nines, flats and plates. This year in general we had a very light showing of straw- berries, raspberries, peaches, plums, and cherries. In fact on June 20 with a call for thirty-five plates of strawberries, less than six were shown. The following week the showing was not much better. On July 25 we had a light showing of raspberries, but they were some of the finest shown in years. During the year we had a good showing of currants, goose- berries, blackberries, and blueberries of good quality. Plums were light with Bradshaw the leading variety shown. Pears were not up to the usual good showing this season, but we had some good plates of the standard varieties as Clapp's Favorite, Bartlett, Sheldon, Bosc, and Anjou. Early apples were shown lightly and generally after the call, although on August 8, Duchess and Red Astrachans were well shown. Later apples made a much better showing with Mcintosh leading the list and Baldwin and Spy close seconds; of the new varieties, Delicious and Cortland are leading the list. However, 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 there was a rather light showing of the older odd varieties which seem to be gradually disappearing. On September 26 Mcintosh made a fine showing with ten plates and five flats and on October 10 some exceptionally fine boxes of this variety. Flats have become a good addition to the exhibits and could well be extended further. The past season was favorable to the production of grapes although they were rather late in ripening. Thus there was only a light showing on September 5 and 12, but a much better display the following week and on October 3 six collections were shown of some fine grapes and again on October 10 the thirteen plates made a fine showing. Although the fruit crops were rather light this year, it was not reflected in the November show for with the seven displays, twenty-five forty-nines, sixteen baskets, and many plates, we had one of the best in quality and most attractive display of fruit with which to finish the 1940 season. Respectfully submitted, S. Lothrop Davenport, Judge of Fruit REPORT OF JUDGE OF VEGETABLES Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: A review of the exhibitions in the Vegetable Department the past season shows little change from the average of the past seasons. Some varieties of vegetables were more numerous and of better quality than last year, others not so plentiful nor so good in quality. At the March exhibition we had about the usual display of cellar stored vegetables of good quality but almost no hothouse grown ones. This shortage of hothouse grown vegetables was noticeable all through the season which would seem to indicate that we do not have many exhibitors who grow vegetables under glass. This may be, and probably is, due to the fact that we now have good fresh vegetables the year around from the South and West which makes the growing of vegetables under glass here much less profitable than formerly. The showing of vegetables at the April exhibition was very small. Of the twenty-three premiums offered only nine were awarded. June 6 brought out only a comparatively small exhibition, no cucumbers, only one each of beets and spinach, three each of asparagus, lettuce and onions. Rhubarb was the only class that entirely filled. Not until the last exhibition in June were the classes well filled. The exhibits of early peas, shell beans, squashes (except summer), melons and broccoli were few in number and not as good as usual. There were only four exhibits of melons to com- pete for the twelve premiums offered and at the November show only one entry of green hubbard squash. On the other hand, there were excellent exhibits of cabbage, sweet corn (especially yellow varieties), peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, cauliflowers and mushrooms. The collections and displays of peppers, potatoes and tomatoes were very fine this year and very attractively arranged. Mushrooms were excep- tionally good at the second call. Cauliflowers, this year, were 24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 the best we have had for several seasons, perhaps as good as we have ever had. Gourds seem to be growing in popularity and are attractive when displayed as they were at the October 17 exhibition. They received much favorable comment. The two Children's Exhibitions were very good in quality but there were not quite so many exhibits. as usual. We are pleased to note that some of the young people who have been exhibitors in the Children's Exhibitions have grad- uated, as it were, and are now making good at our regular weekly exhibitions. There were also several new exhibitors in the Vegetable Depart- ment whose exhibits were a credit both to themselves and to the Society. This speaks well for the continued growth and prosperity of the Society. Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore, Judge of Vegetables REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: In reporting on the year's activities of. this Committee, we would state that nothing more than routine duties have engaged the attention of its members. We are pleased to so report and submit the same as evidence of a successful year. In order to make suitable financial provisions for the mainte- nance of the Society, your Committee recommends an appro- priation of $10,000 for apportionment by the Trustees for premiums and salaries for the ensuing year. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, Leonard C. Midgley, Harry Harrison Finance Committee Worcester, Massachusetts December 5, 1940 IN MEM OR I AM The members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society desire to express their deep sorrow in the passing on July 3, 1940, of Frederick H. Chamberlain. Judge Chamberlain was born December 8, 1860, in the Cham- berlain homestead on Pleasant Street, where he lived all his life. Educated in the public schools of Worcester and the Harvard Law School, he started the practice of law in Worcester, and in 1893 he began his service in the Probate Court, where he spent fifteen years as Assistant Register and thirty-two years as Judge of Probate. He was recognized by his quiet dignity and refined courtesy and was an impressive figure in the legal fraternity. Judge Chamberlain served the Worcester County Horticul- tural Society in various capacities for about fifty years; he was a dependable friend, a wise counselor and a valued member of our Society. From 1893 until 1904, he served the Society as auditor and was a member of the Finance Committee from 1897-1909. For a period of three years, 1910-1912, he was a member of the Committee on Winter Meetings and served as vice-president for two years, 1916 and 1917. He was elected a trustee in 1896 and served as such until his death. We, the members of this Society, appreciate the rich legacy of his character and worth, and wish to record our esteem and devotion for such a life. Resolved, that this memorial be placed in the records of the Society and that a copy be sent to the family. Respectfully submitted , Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1940 Harry Harrison INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY MYRON F. CONVERSE, PRESIDENT January 11, 1940 I am very happy to have the opportunity of again welcoming you all to the opening number of our lecture course. It is twelve years we have had this building, first opened, and I think that in the life of the Society they have proved to be rather short years. I doubt very much if many of us realize that that length of time has passed since this building was opened. During those years there have been many trying experiences in the affairs of people and it has been a comfort to us to be able to maintain this Society and carry on its beautiful work without the stress that has accompanied so many similar efforts. Last Labor Day we were confronted with a problem inasmuch as there was a fire in the building of which many of you have learned. One fire was started right in the center of this hall. Those spots in the floor indicate where it was. The asbestos curtain was down and another fire was in back of it which ruined all the stage fixtures. All that you see here is new. This picture curtain is new; this asbestos curtain is new; the velvet curtain which you perhaps remember, the red one, was entirely destroyed. That had to be replaced, as well as the hangings at the windows. This room has been entirely redecorated and I hope you will like the appearance of it. In the Lounge Room outside the Library there was another fire which entirely destroyed the furnishings and the finish of the room. We have had to replace entirely the paneling and the floor and reconstruct the furnishings. I think if you took time after the lecture to visit that room and other parts of the building you would be pleased with the improvements or the replacements which have taken place. At least, I hope so. We are in the process, now, of entirely redecorating the build- ing, beginning at the boiler room and right up through, so that after twelve years the condition of the building is entirely renovated and improved and I don't see why it won't last for 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 perhaps another generation. And so it is that some of these problems are a blessing. The insurance money has helped out a great deal in the work which I have spoken of. Now that it is half past two I will proceed with the opening of the meeting. We are fortunate in having a local man who is interested in the garden projects. He has the most unique proposition that I know of, in that his garden is on a small area and it is a year 'round garden. From month to month he has different flowers in bloom in his garden and I am sure that those of you who have seen it appreciate the beauty of it. He has come here today to speak to us on that subject, "Year 'Round Beauty in the Garden," and I take pleasure in present- ing to you one of our own members, Mr. Arthur E. Howard. I am sure he will delight you with the lecture he is about to give. "YEAR 'ROUND BEAUTY IN THE GARDEN" Illustrated by Motion Pictures By Mr. Arthur E. Howard, Worcester, Massachusetts Thursday, January 11, 1940 Members of the Horticultural Society, ladies and gentlemen, guests and friends: I am glad to see so many garden lovers here today. Three weeks ago, at the Rotary Club meeting, a magician by the name of Adams produced the most amazing horticultural trick that I have ever seen. He planted what he called a base- ball seed and he said, "There is no need of manufacturing baseballs any longer, you can raise them from seeds." That seemed quite new to me. By application of a little heat and a little hocus-pocus there appeared right before us a baseball. Now, there is no magic in having a garden that will blossom the year 'round if you know how to do it. Thanks to the medium of moving pictures I am able to make a record of this garden through every season of the year. As the pictures move rapidly from scene to scene perhaps it would not be out of place at this time to give a little advance description of the garden. Remem- ber that what you are going to see was once just a backyard gravel pile. It has been reformed, reconditioned, so to speak, so that it is now what my friends call a beauty spot throughout every season of the year. First, you will see a garden gate, the entrance to the garden, then you will see the garden in midsummer (a general view of the garden) — after which you will see the earliest spring flowers and then the flowers during the summer and those that bloom in the early fall and, finally, in winter. This is an intimate garden. You can see almost the whole of it from the sunroom windows. It is also called a unique garden in that it has two pools, both fed by water running over a little water wheel with a miniature mill beside it, which will show in the pictures. 32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 The garden is flood lighted at night from the roof of the house so that when friends come we can show them the garden after sundown and also in winter when the wintry winds are blowing and the snow is falling. There is also an arch which is quite characteristic of the garden. You will see this arch many times in the pictures. While it is shown often it is because you will see it in different seasons and in different weeks and months in the year and, there- fore, it will be a different color each time you see it, and this is also true of every part of the garden. It will be shown many times but in different seasons. There are also antique lamps shown in the pictures. You will see one lamp with small flowers, with hollyhocks, and, finally, with big tall fall asters growing beside it. Now, this arch — let me tell you a little about this arch, if you will. One Christmas morning I received in the mail a little package and upon opening it I found a small stone and on the stone, written with ink, "My Christmas wish to you is rocks and more rocks." Well, I didn't know what to do with it, and finally another rock came from the top of Pike's Peak, sent to me by a friend, and I didn't know what to do with that, but I put them aside and finally I considered building an arch and calling it my Friendship Arch. That arch has been built and in it I have incorporated stones that have been sent to me from all over the world, Germany, France, Tibet, Honolulu. One just came from Tibet, a prayer stone. A missionary sent it to me. But the most dramatic stone came from Belgium. A friend was going to Belgium and he said, "What shall I bring you from Belgium?" I said, "Bring me a stone for my arch." When he returned he said, " I risked my life to get this stone for you," and then he told me how. In Belgium, a celebrated building was being rebuilt by American capital after the Great W7ar and there was a great fence around this building, twelve feet high, and on it there was a sign saying: "Tourists who take souvenirs from this building do so under penalty of death." "But," he said, "I scrambled under the fence when the oppor- tunity came and I brought you this little stone." WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 33 So now will you come with me to the Howard garden .J Many beautiful colored moving pictures were shown of the Howard garden covering the entire year, from the time of the earliest spring flowers, through the summer with a gorgeous array of roses, poppies, and hollyhocks, to the snow-covered garden in winter and the uncovering of the Christmas rose from beneath the deep snow. "GARDENS AROUND CHARLESTON" By Mrs. J. Thompson Brown*, Spartanburg, South Carolina Thursday, January 18, 1940 If you remember your geography you will recall that Charles- ton is situated between the Cooper and the Ashley Rivers and it was on these rivers that the old colonists lived and had their plantations. Dr. Alexander Garden who lived near Charleston and for whom the gardenia was named was a doctor of note in Colonial days, whose relaxation was his garden. Another man who did much in the days following the Revolu- tion to encourage the love of flowers was Andre Michaux, a French botanist. Four of the camellia japonica plants with which his garden flourished were given to Governor Henry Middleton and three of the four original plants are now blooming at Middleton Place as they have done for the last one hundred and fifty years. He also introduced the tea plant at Summerville, where you will find the remains of a tea farm. Tea is a very temperamental plant. It requires an even temperature and good drainage and although the Government has encouraged the growth of tea, it has never been a commercial success in this country. Summerville is only twenty miles from Charleston. You wouldn't say Summerville has many gardens. It is one large garden with houses dotted around, and the time to see Summer- ville is in wisteria season. The houses seem to be veiled with a purple and grey veil because the purple of the wisteria is mixed with the gray moss that overhangs the trees. There you will see the azalea bowl which is a collection of azaleas planted around in the shape of a bowl. The pines in Summerville are magnificent. No one there is allowed to cut a tree without special permission. If a road happens to come in contact with a tree the road just has to get out of the way. 36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 Magnolia-on-the-Ashley, or Magnolia Gardens, as it is better known, has been in the Drayton family for over two hundred and twenty-five years. The present owner is C. Norwood Hastie whose mother was a Miss Drayton. His grandfather, the Reverend John Grimke Drayton, in 1843, had some azalea indica plants sent him from Philadelphia where the climate was too severe for them. It is those that constitute the beginning of the magnificent display of camellias azaleas that thousands every spring come to see. On this estate is a pool of cypress water that is almost black, it is so dark. One may follow the path around this pool to a lovely white bridge where masses of color surround one on every hand. Thousands and thousands of little flowers — pink, red, magenta — cover the azalea shrubs, some of which are over twenty feet high. The reflection of these vivid colors in the dark water is wonderful. Galsworthy said of this garden that he had seen a great many of the European gardens, but he thought Magnolia was the most magnificent of them all. Miss Amy Lowell, in her poem "Magnolia Gardens," experienced disappointment and was offended with the sensuality suggested by the brilliance of the colors. White and purple wisteria abound. The magnolia season follows the wisteria season and that rings down the curtain on this annual pageant of nature. There are a great many other interesting plants in the garden; among them roses, flowering cherry, weeping cherry, French and Spanish cypress, dwarf ewe and tall variegated English box which is over twelve feet high, Japanese cryptomeria, the cassio berry, and the palmetto. As you wander around this garden you come to the Drayton monument. You stand there and admire the beautiful carving which was done by an Italian artist, and you recall the various things which the Drayton family did during Colonial times. It was William Henry Drayton who from his ship gave the order to fire on the British ship Tamar in the fall of 1775. It was Arthur Middleton, signer of the Declaration of Independ- ence, and William Henry Drayton who were supposed to have designed the South Carolina seal. Seven generations of Dray- WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 37 tons are buried under this tomb. You read, carved in the marble, "Drayton 1671 " and the family motto, "Hoc iter ad astra." Magnolia prides itself on never having had a professional gardener do any gardening. Middleton prides itself on having one of the first landscape gardeners, the Middleton gardens being fashioned after the old gardens of England. The Middleton place, three miles farther along, is the home of Arthur Middleton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. The grounds are terraced down to the Ashley River. Before the days of gasoline and speed you arrived in boats at a landing at the foot of the garden path. Cypress canoes, rowed by ten or twelve slaves, would row visitors to this landing and as they rowed they would sing the spirituals with which we are now so familiar. Rice was brought to South Carolina in 1694 by the captain of an old sailing vessel and soon became food for the colonists. It was later exported and constituted the money crop for its growers until cotton took its place. On the Middleton estate may still be seen an old rice mill. The Cypress Gardens which belong to Mr. Kittredge are on the Cooper River, the other side of Charleston. Years ago this was an old swamp. Work was begun digging out the old trenches or canals which carried fresh water to the rice planta- tion. It took six years to clear away the growth and the dead trees. Here were planted azaleas and the lovely daphne. This shrub has a little flower resembling the arbutus and fills the garden with the delicious odor of the arbutus. Many of the old cypress trees have been left in this two-hundred-acre garden and these trees can be seen growing right out of the water. In 1857 Mr. Drayton wrote that he had one hundred and fifty varieties — not shrubs, but varieties — of double camellias and the single and semi-double varieties he had not counted! Most of these blossoms measure four and five inches across and some of them as much as seven inches. After the camellia season, the last of February or first of March, comes the azalea season and that is called the "big show." The first blooms are white, then come the pink and lilac and wine color and crimson and last of all the magenta, but none of them 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 bloom so early or so late that they don't combine their colors to make that beautiful combination that has been called a fire blaze. It paralyzes the tongue that tries to express its beauty; it paralyzes the artist's brush that attempts to put it on canvas. One artist so marvelously captured the coloring of the plants that you were startled by the brilliancy of the colors and ex- claimed that this artist had truly reproduced the colors. Another artist had no coloring at all, no bright coloring. It was all the lilac of the wisteria, the black water, the reflection of the dog- wood and gray moss and the sand of the path and again you said the artist had faithfully depicted the colors of the garden. As you walk through these twenty-five acres you do not talk in a loud voice and it is with a feeling of awe for some great work of nature that you drink in its rare beauty. "COLONIAL GARDENS AND PLANTS" By Mr. Arnold M. Davis, Amherst, Massachusetts Thursday, January 25, 1940 It is, practically speaking, impossible to find good illustra- tions of Colonial gardens today. Those were the gardens which were in existence from 1750 to 1830 and, of course, very few of those gardens are still in existence so that most of the illustra- tions which we see are gardens patterned after that style of garden and the plants are those which were introduced into this country during the Colonial period. Very few people realize that Massachusetts at the beginning of the nineteenth century was an exceedingly wealthy part of America and that there existed in the city of Salem, men whose fortunes ran into millions of dollars. With fortunes of that size at their disposal it is natural that they should turn their attention to horticulture in all its forms. With a background of old England, a nation of individuals, it is perfectly logical to expect to find attractive and delightful gardens which may be referred to as Colonial gardens. In Massachusetts we have to garden with the climate. We have all kinds of weather with which to contend. With very hot weather in summer and sleet storms in winter it is rather difficult with some kinds of plants. If any of you are sincerely interested in the type of home that was built in New England around 1650 and for the next forty years I suggest that you visit the Pioneer Milage in Salem which will give you some idea of the type of villages then so common. As the sea brought in more wealth we turned our attention to more attractive types of building. From 1620, the date of Plymouth, up to 1850, not only were the housewives doctors, tailors and a half dozen other profes- sions, they also grew most of the plants for medicinal use, and included such vegetables as rhubarb and asparagus. Thus we have the herb garden or the dooryard type of garden and they WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 41 had a real economic value. This garden is the solution to the desire to own a garden and take care of it yourself. The so-called Victorian type of house which is considered the finest type of architecture in America was introduced about 1840. There is a tendency today to smother buildings with plants. Doorways have always been important in garden pictures. A single boxwood tree on either side of the wide doorway of the Georgian mansion would show off the doorway to good advan- tage, or the informal effect as represented by the doorways of houses on Nantucket presents a friendly picturesqueness. Another type of ideal garden background is the stonewall which we see throughout New England. The country itself is very beautiful and men soon came to appreciate the natural surroundings. As a result they turned their attention not only to their small pieces of property, homes and gardens, but to the development of the countryside and at one time there existed a great deal of enthusiasm for the natural- ist type of garden. Steps have always been used successfully as a garden feature as has also the sun dial. The sun dial is the logical way of telling time and there is nothing more fascinating produced by the mind of man than the sun dial. Where features have been used in gardens, formal or informal, old or new, we always try to make them look as if they belonged there and this is accomplished by surrounding them with plants. The rose arch goes back to the Colonial period. Use the rose arch if you will but remember to use it as an entrance feature. Bird baths are an old type garden feature and the simpler they are the better. The daffodil which is a more or less despised plant is actually one of the best plants for us in New England. It was the first plant to be brought to this country. The daffodil has made itself perfectly at home and may be seen around cellarholes after all evidence of the structure has been lost. We have pro- duced many new varieties and if you are looking for a plant to add color and beauty let me refer you to the daffodil. 42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 The first settlers brought with them the seeds of the primrose or cowslip, as they referred to it, and they were quite dis- appointed because it always died out. Today they are available and there is no more charming garden flower than the primrose, especially when they are planted along with other flowers. From the standpoint of interesting plants to use in a garden there is nothing more colorful or more fragrant than the old- fashioned rose, but because you can grow the new hybrid teas I suggest that you grow them. The cabbage rose which for many years was grown in all gardens was the most popular of all moss roses and even today we have no more attractive rose in the bud stage than the moss rose of the Victorian period. They are certainly worth cultivating. The old-fashioned dooryard garden surrounded by a picket fence is very successful and it is the best solution which we have for use in connection with our American homes. There is a place today for what might be classified as Colonial gardens in the designing of our American homes. "YOUR PERSONALITY EXPRESSED IN TABLE ARRANGEMENTS" Illustrated Lecture By Mrs. Louise Thompson, New Rochelle, New York Thursday, February 1, 1940 The speaker addressed the Society this afternoon on the subject of table arrangements with the actual use of flowers and greens against various backgrounds of table coverings. Starting with breakfast, Mrs. Thompson recommended as the basic requirement a set of gay colored pottery and a number of bright colored cloths with which an ever-changing color scheme may be effected. For the purpose of the exhibit, pieces of Italian pottery were used, the background being an opaque cream on which large and small flowers stand out in bolder hues. Pottery of this design may be used equally as effectively for every meal and harmonizes with various types of table coverings. With a change of cloth, the gay light colors for spring, the crisp cool materials in lighter shades for summer, and the deeper tones of rust, brown and copper for autumn, one can have a never-ending variety of effects appropriate to the season and pleasing to the eye. For early spring, there is nothing gayer in all nature for floral arrangement than daffodils and tulips. Cornflowers and forget- me-nots are spring favorites, reflecting the blue of the sky. For autumn, various shades of brown are used, a little deeper as the season advances. Shades of rose and copper are also useful in this color scheme. In winter, when cut flowers are scarce and expensive, gera- niums make a very lovely floral centerpiece and if one experiences difficulty in raising geraniums, a pot of begonias or primroses is easy to raise and adds a gay color note to the table ensemble. 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 Mrs. Thompson urged those who have white damasks to bring them out for the dinner table, adding that they are coming back into use. Damasks and laces must be tied up texturally with the flowers and china. When using the white table arrangement, white should also be used in the flower arrangement to carry out and tie in the white of the table cloth. Sharp contrast of the flowers with the table covering should be avoided. Low containers, she explained, are most desirable since there is less danger of tipping them over, and oval containers are the easiest of all to arrange. Mrs. Thompson stressed the desirability of using solid pin holders, solid enough to hold the flowers firmly in place, with plasticine, or old-fashioned modeling clay. While it is generally denied, Mrs. Thompson believes that most men like red, and for this reason she suggested the use of a top hat filled with red carnations across which a miniature cane is placed to be used as a floral centerpiece for a young man who wishes to entertain some of his "Brother Rats" and does not want anything effeminate. She suggested the gift of a red boutonniere for use as a gift card. For little girls' parties she recommended and made up a Maypole centerpiece. The Maypole itself which was a plain dowel stick, was wrapped with ribbon and on top of the Maypole was placed a few sprigs of acacia and forget-me-nots. Tiny baskets tied with baby ribbon were set at each child's place, the baskets to be taken home when the little guest departs. In conclusion, a dinner arrangement was made. The table cover was a lace cloth spread over dark brown taffeta. Into a bowl of California pottery were arranged flaming prince gladioli, copper snapdragons, orange gerbera, yellow fresia and the red huckleberry, a truly lovely symphony of color and design. i "MEXICO AND ITS BEAUTIES AND RESOURCES" Dr. W. H. Camp, New York Botanical Gardens, New York City Thursday, February 8, 1940 While the subject of the lecture suggests statistical informa- tion concerning Mexico and its people, Dr. Camp explained that it was his purpose to relate what he had seen in southern Mexico, not far from the Guatemalan border, on the occasion of his visit there in 1937. Starting out for Mixteca with Don Tomas who acted as interpreter, an American ethnologist and his assistant, Dr. Camp and his party proceeded over El Camino Real, the Royal Road, worn out a century ago, crossed several great ranges of the Sierra Madre del Sur and finally came to Tlaxiaco where the party stopped at the best hotel in town. Here the only charge was for beer! It was in this region that various plants were collected, notably among them great crimson penstemons and a gentian so purple it was almost black. In the moist ground nearby was found a dainty bladderwort, the plants so small that they had to be collected with forceps. It was here that great forests of the madrano (Arbutus sp.) were found and the mistletoe living on the juices of the madrano. Along this same route, trees were festooned with bromeliads and orchids. The market at Tlaxiaco is oriental in character and vendors grouped about according to their wares. Only the hatters are perambulant, paddling around the plaza with great stacks of sombreros on their heads. The blankets of Tlaxiaco are unique in all Mexico. The Mixteca is a high, cold country and the serapes made here on hand looms are of wool, woven with triple thread and combed. They are heavy but soft as down. From Tlaxiaco, Dr. Camp turned toward Canon Tomellin WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 47 and the railroad. Here many new species of the genus Quercus are to be found. The trail led through deep barranca where along the moist edges of the stream great Mexican cypresses stood. Passing through the village of Huemelulpan the party arrived at the town of Yolomecatl where they partook of a meal in a low hut amid the smoke of the cooking fire and myriad in- conveniences. The trees were hung with great clots of moss and lichen and each branch supported a mass of bromeliads and orchids. Through Tiltepec they continued on toward Parian, Canon Tomellin and the railroad. The plant collection thus far acquired was piled on a pack animal while Dr. Camp proceeded on horseback. On to Oaxaca he went, passing along the Rio Atoyac, atop Monte Alban, amid the ruins of an ancient past, through the sleepy village of Santa Maria del Tule, where the greatest tree in all the world still grows, the largest of all Mexican cypresses, and to the heights of El Cerro de San Felipe, rising nearly two miles into the air. While camping near the headwaters of the Zavaleta River en route to San Pablo, Dr. Camp came face to face with one of the inhabitants of San Pablo, armed to the teeth with a very long and sharp machete and an old muzzle-loaded rifle, and it was only by explaining that he was a Swiss doctor collecting plants for medicine that no serious consequences resulted. The next day the specimens collected were loaded onto ox- carts. Setting out from Oaxaca some days later the ancient city of Mitla or Mictlan with its ruins, "House of the Dead," was reached. Because of the torrential rains, Dr. Camp returned to Casa la Sorpresa, the patio of which was a jungle of bougainvillea, of tall scarlet hibiscus bushes, of orange and lime trees, of great climbing arvids and other vines. As the trail swung upward great forests of oak and straight- boled pine were seen and the two families of plants, the heath 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 and blueberry, which Dr. Camp had come to Mexico particu- larly to see, appeared in great abundance. This is the land of the Mihi people and the village of Ayutla was once the principal place of the Mihi tribe. The Mihis are strictly an agricultural people and from a distance their homes look neat but in reality are little more than hovels and are extremely dirty. The Mihis have dug themselves in on the mountain sides and are literally clinging to the cliffs in their struggle to keep alive. The line between starvation and survival is for them finely drawn. Following a faint trail, Dr. Camp and his guide Daniel de- scended into a gap and again upward and at last they came out on a great promontory jutting into a rolling sea of mist where the ground fell away on every side. This was the top of Zem- poaltepetl, the highest spot in all the south of Mexico. Below lay a great welter of rolling mist. To the north shimmered the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. From this point on a clear day may be seen both the ''southern" and "northern" oceans and here on the very top of the backbone of the range which unites the two continents of the Western Hemisphere was the main altar of the Mihi tribesmen and it was here that Dr. Camp witnessed the ceremony of the blood sacrifice of the Mihis, being undoubtedly the first outsider ever to have been present at this sacred rite. ' 'PEACE IN A GARDEN" By Mrs. Preston Rice, Kent Hill, Grand Rapids, Michigan Thursday, February 15, 1940 The speaker's purpose in this particular lecture was to help people to realize that by the proper selection of the plants that are hardy in this climate, by the use of the different families of plants which are immune to disease, and by the use of beautiful blooming shrubbery a sequence of bloom may be obtained throughout the season. With a well worked out, suitable design and by ornamentation chosen with discretion for the particular garden involved, a garden can be worked out which amounts to an outdoor living room and which with the use of potted plants and other features will require very little effort. To illustrate, many beautiful slides were shown, among them various types of pools adapted to the simplest kind of garden, to the informal planting, to the estate, to the incorporation of even the swimming pool in the garden scheme. The speaker emphasized the desirability of using properly chosen figures in a garden, and the working out of little hidden paths and a variety of resting places which lend charm to the garden. One of the ways to minimize our garden work is to try to select disease-resisting plants that we know are hardy and reliable in our climate. Another way to make our gardens beautiful is to put in some permanent architectural feature and you can do lots of tricks with flower pots. Before we ever step into the garden we want in some way to get into the mood and it is the driveway that puts us into that mood. Hedges of hemlock are particularly adaptable for flanking a driveway and this is a splendid climate for using these evergreens. There is nothing that gives such a delightful feeling of privacy as the garden wall. We cannot all have walls and we don't all need an immense mass of wall in order to get effects. Before WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 51 incorporating a wall into the garden picture one should be sure just what effect he wishes to produce with the wall. White wisteria lends itself well to the garden picture but should be chosen with care. Only the grafted plant should be used because seedlings will not bloom. The pool that has no planting whatever in it is very restful and may be planned to get the reflection of the surrounding trees. Stepping-stones have a place in the formal garden but a hardy border if wisely interplanted will give a much more colorful picture and last all through the season. Peonies make a splendid edging and are good on both sides of a simple entrance drive because the foliage is always good and especially beautiful in autumn. One point to remember is this: when cutting out peony blooms be careful not to allow the petals to drop on the leaves because they will cause brown spots on the leaves and the foliage will be disfigured. The viburnum blooms early in May, right after the shadbush. It is a light pink when it opens and fades to pretty near white. The individual blooms look much like the trailing arbutus and have the same fragrance. It is hardy if it has good drainage. Lilacs are one of the most important spring shrubs and one can hardly have too many of them. Faded lilac blooms should be removed and the plants fertilized in August before the buds begin to form, thus insuring a better bloom. The Machre Stockel is the pinkest of all the French hybrid lilacs. Another very pink one is Lucy Voltaire. The President Lincoln is the bluest of them all. Florida dogwood is perfectly hardy in this climate. The white dogwood will do well in either sun or shade and is the only shrub that has a pinkish foliage in autumn. For early autumn color there is nothing that comes quite so early after Jack Frost has touched it as sassafras. It is the very earliest of the brilliant color of autumn and should go in some part of the garden where it may be allowed to spread. The mountain ash is used too little. The European mountain ash is more beautiful, the bark itself a greenish shiny bark, very smooth, very distinctive and very hardy. 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 For winter interest in the garden there is nothing more charm- ing than the Pyracantha Lalandi with its evergreen foliage and its large clusters of berries similar to those of the mountain ash but which remains all winter. Peace in a garden depends very much upon good design. We need places to sit down in a garden. "All great art is simply and easily understood" which is a good thing for us to remember when we are planning our garden. "YANKEES AND THEIR ANCESTORS,, By Dr. Burgess Johxsox. Union College. Schenectady, New York Thursday, March 14, 1940 I think I show a good deal of temerity coming over from a Dutch dorp in New York state to talk to people in the midst of Massachusetts about Yankees; and yet you know you have to get outside of your native land to make some appraisal of it. I remember first going to Schenectady, and it is a little city that has. as some cities do, retained at the core of it a good deal of its native quality and characteristics. In fact. I have some- times wondered if any city ever loses the village at the heart of it and. if it does, whether that city isn't pretty well lost as a man might be lost who has lost the boy in him. When I first went there I went to church and I remember looking around at that assembled congregation and nudging Mrs. Johnson and whispering to her, "They have all got round faces." I had been so used to longer ones — the skinny, high cheek bone type you will find in Vermont. New Hampshire, and Maine. I just imagined that I had moved in among a different people. So you can stay away from New England long enough and come back and perhaps have a new sensation of it or. better still, for my purpose, you can move away from the land to which you belong and become even more loyal to it than the people who stay there. I have seen with amusement in my boyhood and then felt in later years that certain jealousy of New England. I come over into New England and I want you people to act like Yan- kees. I feel as if the place is lacking somehow if I don't get that echo of the past. I think there are a good many of you here who knew New England before there was so much easy transportation so that a section retained sectional characteristics. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 55 Now, I can't help but believe that I know the New England of Puritan and Pilgrim days as well as anyone could know that New England, by knowing Yankees before they traveled so much. We moved down to Connecticut when I was about twelve and I think in the four or five years that we lived there I went once up to Norwich — and it was a great trip. You older ones here know how true that is, how distance has been shortened and that NewT England of that day was as characteristic of its own past, as typical in one corner as another of the New England type, as in the case of those countries in the old world where transportation has not come. There was a close interrelation of the folk who lived there. So I want to urge upon you the fact that when you hear outlanders talking of sour-faced, psalm-singing, witch-burning, Quaker-persecuting people, don't worry about it. I think that my interpretation of some of those old fellows will not be all that one ought to put in textbooks and yet I believe that I have met some of those Pilgrim ancestors in the streets of little towns in Vermont and Maine and Massachusetts and Connecticut. Let me give you a glimpse of one or two of the men I remem- ber. Over in Maine, up where Maine and Canada and New Hampshire come together, over on the Maine side of the line there is a little pond. There was a dear old fellow who had put up some cabins and had a number of summer guests there, fishermen and their families. I had heard about this place and thought I would write the old fellow. I got a letter back. He told me the cost. I had asked him in my letter whether it was necessary to have a guide, I had heard guides had been intro- duced into Maine areas. Down at the end of the letter he said, "Speaking of guides, a Maine guide don't do nothing but skin tourists and I am all the guide I have around my camp." Two or three years ago a number of old fellows who had been up there fishing got together in the summer to celebrate the thirty years since old Julian had put his cabins up and when I wrote up to find out about going back again I asked if he was still running his camp. He said, "Yes, I am still running my camp but I manage to pass on a lot of work to the boy." The boy was fifty-five! 56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1940 Now, there are men up there — I remember there was a banker from Boston, there was a politician from Trenton, there was a college professor from any old place. We would find ourselves out in a boat or sitting on a bank or by the fire in the evening with this old woodsman. He was a shrewd, wise, humorous old fellow. That banker would go back to Boston, finding it impossible to forget some of the comments that old Julian had made about the banking business. And the politician would go back to Trenton with kind of a vivid recollection of one or two suggestions that had been made about how he dealt with people, a curious wise kind of comment that I think is true com- mon sense. I have often wondered about the definition of what common sense is and I think it is that quality of men which enables a man to meet emergencies for which he was never trained. And that is the kind of environment in which you would acquire it. It is only after you get to be a specialist that you lose it. Iristhorpe, Mrs. Homer Gage, Fall 1940 INDEX Officers and Committees Page 2 Reports President's Address Secretary's Report Spring Exhibition . Chrysanthemum Exhibition Treasurer's Report Librarian's Report Judge of Flowers and Plants Judge of Fruit Judge of Vegetables Finance Committee In Memoriam . 5 7 9 11 12 15 18 20 23 26 27 Introductory Remarks by Myron F. Conyerse, Pres- ident 28 Lectures "Year 'Round Beauty in the Garden" . . . . 31 " Gardens around Charleston " 34 "Colonial Gardens and Plants" 40 "Your Personality Expressed in Table Arrangements" 43 "Mexico and Its Beauties and Resources" ... 46 " Peace in a Garden " 50 "Yankees and Their Ancestors" 54 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society Horticultural Building 30 Elm Street Worcester, Mass. For the year 1940 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester OFFICER S AND COMMITTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1940 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS MRS. HOMER GAGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester LIBRARIAN MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester trustees: Auburn Mrs. Mabel R Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter Albert W. Schneider Myron S. Wheeler Mrs. Mary D. White Ernest P. Bennett Myron F. Converse, 1940 Chandler Bullock, 1940 Bullock Still River Willis E. Cary Sutton Frederick H. Chamberlain Clinton J. Frank Cooper Clinton Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Boylston Florence C. Emory Boylston Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Shrewsbury Ernest Hansen Shrewsbury Allen W. Hixon Auburn Allyne W. Hixon West Boylston Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Clinton H. Ward Moore Berlin Harry I. Randall Holden Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester George F. E. Story STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Harry Harrison, 1941 NOMINATING COMMITTEE John H. Brooks, Jr., 1941 Leonard C. Midgley, 1942 Walter S. Young, 1942 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary William Anderson Florence E. Field Librarian S. Lothrop Davenport J. Frank Cooper ON NOMENCLATURE Mrs. Amy W. Smith Charles Potter Herbert R. Kinney Allen J. Jenkins William Anderson Leonard C. Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen Mrs. William W. Taft Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, Myron F. Converse Harry C. Midgley Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman H. Ward Moore Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Mrs. Florence E. Field Allyne W. Hixon Charles Potter AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney Elizabeth R. Bishop Allen W. Hixon S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Plants and Flowers: William Anderson, Still River Fruit: S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester Myron F. Converse, Chairma?i MEDAL COMMITTEE Edward W. Breed Allen W. Hixon ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Herbert P. Emory Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Leonard C. Midgley H. Ward Moore j Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Exhibit entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender. 8. All articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange= ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 9 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worces- ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 i 11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable. 14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as " Pippin, " " Sweeting, " "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested. 16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 17. BP The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties. 18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respecting their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. . 1940] RULES AND REGULATIONS 5 The maximum prize for Vases, Standards, and Baskets shall be two dollars. 20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 21. U. P. Hendrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Elmer D. Smith & Co. Cata- logue to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges. 22. No artificial plants, flowers, or foliage preserved by any process shall be exhibited at any show of this Society, except for a special purpose and with the consent of the show management. 23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers. — Arrangement 30 points Quality of blooms 40 " Number of varieties 15 " Properly named 15 " Lilies. — Size and color of bloom 35 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem 35 " Arrangement 15 " Properly named 15 " Displays.— Arrangement 40 points Quality 45 " Variety 15 * Collections. — Quality 45 points Arrangement 25 " Variety 30 " Table Decoration. — Quality of flowers 45 points Arrangement 25 " Proportion 15 " Harmony of flowers with accessories 15 " 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of books. 1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables. 1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00. Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society. 1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. 1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables 1940 I^The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12. 12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of which will be taken by the judges in awarding the premiums. 2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 3. In all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed. By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. Spring Exhibition Thursday, March 7, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, March 8, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, March 9, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, March 10, 12 m. to 9 p. m. Notify Secretary four weeks in advance All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday for space Class I Garden Displays 1150.00 Class II Plant Displays Class III Rock Gardens Not to exceed 100 square feet 125.00 Class IV Cut Flowers 75.00 Class V Fruit 75.00 Class VI Vegetables 75.00 Frederick A. Blake Fund Class VII Carnations 50.00 Worcester Garden Club Exhibit Thursday, April 25 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gut Flowers. — No. 1. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.00 Table Decorations. — No. 2. Oblong table laid for four covers 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No restrictions. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Frederick A. Blake Fund Carnations, fifty carnations in a basket. — A. Basket of white Basket of dark pink Basket of light pink Basket of any other color Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Plant Displays. — No. 3. Plants in Bloom and Foliage Plants. Sixty dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, twelve specimens.— No. 4. For any variety, eight dollars may be used for prizes. Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 5. Hollow Crown 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 6. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 7. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. — No. 8. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Radish. — No. 9. Two bunches. Six in each bunch 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 10. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 May Exhibition Thursday, May 16 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 11. Displajr, flowering shrubs permissible. 24 square feet. 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 12. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Wild Flowers, fifteen vases. — No. 13. Not more than five stems in a vase. No duplicates 3.00 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Spring Bulbs, open culture. — No. 14. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 Pansy. — No. 15. Twenty vases, one flower with foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Zonale Geraniums, in bloom, not smaller than 6-inch pots.— No. 16. Four plants 3 .00 2 .00 1.50 1.00 Table Decorations, Spring Flowers. — No. 17. Round table, laid for four covers. Roses prohibited. No other restrictions. No- tify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Plant Displays.— No. 18. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown or by whom, $60.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11 Calendula. — No. 19. Arranged in Bowl or Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 Dandelion. — No. 20. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. — No. 21. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Spinach. — No. 22. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50 Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. — No. 23. Globe 1.50 1.00 .50 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 24. Linnaeus 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 25. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Onion. — No. 26. Two bunches, six in each bunch 1.50 1.00 .50 Iris Exhibition Thursday, June 6 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Iris, German. — No. 27. Display 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 No. 28. Twenty vases, three stems in a vase preferably named 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 29. Basket 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Cut Flowers. — No. 30. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Azalea. — No. 31. Display in vases 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Rhododendron. — No. 32. Displays in vases 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Peonies. — No. 33. Vase or Basket 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 Lupinus. — No. 34. Vase 3.00 2.00 1.50 1 00 Roses. — No. 35. Vase of Roses. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Zonale Geraniums. — No. 36. Twenty vases, one truss in each 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 37. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cucumber. — No. 38. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Spinach. — No. 39. One-half peck 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 13 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 40. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Beet.— No. 41. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. No. 42. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Onion.— No. 43. Two bunches, six each 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 3 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule. 10. After the articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building. 14- All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as il Pippin" "Sweeting," "Greening," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society7 s premiums until reinstated. Peony Exhibition Thursday, June 13 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 44. From hardy plants and shrubs outdoor culture, to be named 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Wild Flowers, fifteen vases. — No. 45. Not more than five stems in a vase. No duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Siberian Iris. — No. 46. Medium basket 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Roses. — No. 47. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 48. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 Peonies. — No. 49. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 50. Twenty vases, one flower in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Foxglove. — No. 51. Vase of twelve spikes 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Aquilegia. — No. 52. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Begonia. — No. 53. Four plants in bloom 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 54. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 55. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 20, open from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock Roses. — No. 56. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 57. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, out- door culture 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 58. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 59. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor culture 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 60. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes. No. 61. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 62. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 63. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 64. Display of cut climbing roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes No. 65. Basket of roses 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund B. Table decoration of roses., oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers grown by exhibitors 4.00 3.00 2.50 1.00 .50 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 Peonies. — No. 66 Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Aquilegia. — No. 67. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Hardy Flowers, to be named. — C. Display of outdoor varieties 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Strawberry, twenty-four berries. No. 68. Senator Dunlap 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 69. Howard No. 17 3.00 2.50 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 70. Culver 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 71. Any other variety 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 72. New varieties not scheduled 2. 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 73. Fairfax 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 74. Four baskets of strawberries, any variety 3 00 2 00 1.00 No. 75. Display, strawberries 5.00 4. 00 3 00 2 00 1.00 Cherry, one quart. — No. 76. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pea, one-half peck. — No. 77. Thomas Laxton 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 78. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 79. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce, six heads. — No. 80. Big Boston Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, June 27 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 81. Display 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 82. Basket 2 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). — No. 83. Twelve vases, three stems inavase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Campanula. — No. 84. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Delphinium. — No. 85. One vase, not more than twelve spikes 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Roses. — No. 86. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Peonies. — No. 87. Vase 3.00 2.00 1.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney D. Table Decorations. Round table laid for four covers 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. * * * Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 88. Howard No. 17 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 89. Sample 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 90. Dorset 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 91. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 92. Collections, not more than six varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 93. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Cherry, one quart. — No. 94. Black Tartarian 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 95. Gov. Wood 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 96. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 97. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Beet, open culture. — No. 98. Twelve specimens Carrot. — No. 99. Two bunches, six in each Pea, one-half peck. No. 100. Gradus No. 101. Any other variety Cucumber, three specimens. — No. 102. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 11 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gut Flowers. — No. 103. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 104. Small display 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year. Basket. — No. 105. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Japanese Iris. — No. 106. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 107. Ten vases, one stem in a vase, preferably named 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Delphinium. — No. 108. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Lilium Candidum. — No. 109. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Lilium Regale. — No. 110. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Wild Flowers, no duplicates. — No. 111. Fifteen vases, not more than five stems in a vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Roses. — No. 112. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 113. Downing's Bride 2.00 1.50 1.00 . 50 No. 114. Ten dollars maybe used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. Raspberry, Black Gap, one pint. — No, 115. Named variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 116. Early varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 117. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars maybe used for prizes. Gooseberry, one quart. — No. 1 18. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cherry, one quart. — No. 1 19. Coe's Transparent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 120. Montmorency 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 121. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 122. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Bean, Snap, one-half peck. — No. 123. Any named variety Pea, one-half peck. — No. 124. Sutton's Excelsior No. 125. Alderman No. 126. Display Tomato, twelve specimens. — No 127. Any named variety Display of Vegetables. — No. 128. Not to exceed 24 square feet, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 18 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Sweet Peas, annual. — No. 129. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 130. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas, round table laid for four covers, Gypsophila may be used. Flowers grown by exhibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Sweet Peas. — No. 131. Small basket, any green may be used 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund E. Collection of Sweet Peas/ fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Japanese Iris.— No. 132. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cut Flowers. — No. 133. Display, not exceeding 30 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 134. Standard 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Centaurea. — No. 135. Display, Gypsophila may be used 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 Petunia. — No. 136. Twenty vases, one flower in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 137. Latham 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 138. Cuthbert 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 139. Any other red variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 140. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 141. Perfection 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 142. White Grape 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 143. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Pea, one-half peck — No. 144. Telephone 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Bean, Snap, one-half peck. — No. 145. Wax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 146. Green Pod 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 Cucumber. — No. 147. Three specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 148. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Lettuce, Iceberg. — No. 149. Twelve heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 150. Summer 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, July 25 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 151. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 152. Standard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No other standards to be shown. Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon).— No. 153. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Table Decorations. — No. 154. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. If Sweet Peas are used, flow- ers other than Gypsophila must be used in combina- tion. 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Sweet Peas, annual. — No. 155. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 156. Twelve vases 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Hemerocallis (Day Lilies). — No. 157. Collection 2.50 2.00 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens.— No. 158. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 159. Any named red variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Blackberry, one quart. — No. 160. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Blueberry. — No. 161. One quart 1.50 1.00 .50 Currants, twenty-four bunches. — No. 162. Wilder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 163. Sweet, any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 164. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 165. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce, twelve heads. — No. 166. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, August 1 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 167. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 168. Small display 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large displays during the year. Gladiolus. — No. 169. Ten vases, named varieties, one spike in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Phlox, perennial. — No. 170. Large vase 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Annuals. — No. 171. Display 3.00 2.5u 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 172. Astrachan 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 173. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Blackberry, one quart. — No. 174. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Blueberry, one quart. — No. 175. 1.50 1.00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 176. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 177. Any variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 178. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 25 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 179. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 180. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 181. Irish Cobbler 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 181^. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Vegetables. — F. Display, Round Table, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, August 8 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 182. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Flower Arrangement for Living Room. — No. 183. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes, highest award not to exceed $2.00. Gladiolus. — No. 184. Display. 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Larkspur, annual. — No. 135. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Salpiglossis. — No. 186. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Phlox, perennial. — No. 187. Fifteen vases, named va- rieties, one cluster in each 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Zinnia, large flowered. — No. 188. Twenty vases, one flower in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Wild Flowers. — No. 189. Vase 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney G. Display of Cut Flowers 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete iD the call for twenty vases or displays during the year. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 27 Blueberry, one quart. — No. 190. Cultivated 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 191. Oldenburg 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 192. Astrachan 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 193. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 194. Dwarf Horticultural 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No . 195. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 196. Copenhagen 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 197. Any other named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 198. Yellow, Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 199. Rose 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 200. Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. — No. 201. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 15 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gladiolus. — No. 202. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 203. Twenty vases, one spike in each, preferably named 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Aster, large flowered, long stem. — No. 204. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Salpiglossis. — No 205. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Phlox Drummondi. — No. 206. Display 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Annuals. — No. 207. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers on a Mirror. — No. 208. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 209. Williams 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 210. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 211. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 29 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 212. Dwarf, any variety No. 213. Pole, any variety Bean, String, one-half peck. — No. 214. Kentucky Wonder Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. — No. 215, Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 216. Any named variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cucumber, for pickles.— No. 217. One-half peck 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 218. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties) 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Mushroom, native. — No. 219. Collection of ediblev arieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes Thursday, August 22 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gladiolus. — No. 220. Standard of gladiolus 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No other standards to be shown. No. 221. Basket. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Zinnia. — No. 222. Display, notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Dahlia. — No. 223. Display. Single, pompon, and miniature 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Display of Garden Flowers. — H. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 * * * Flowers on Mirror. — No. 224. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors may use own containers. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor. Aster, single or anemone. — No. 225. Vase 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apples, twelve specimens.— No. 226. Early Mcintosh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 227. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. — No. 228. Varieties not scheduled 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1940J SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 31 Plums, twelve specimens. — No. 229. Washington 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 230. Bradshaw 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 231. Imperial Gage 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 232. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 233. Carman 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 234. Any other variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 235. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Bean, Pole, one-half peck. — No. 236. Shell 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 237. String, any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 238. Sweet, not less than twelve rows 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 239. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 240. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Thursday, August 29 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gut Flowers. — No. 241. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class 2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 242. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Aster, large flowered. — No. 243. Twenty vases, three blooms in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Lilies. — No. 244. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Dahlia. — LARGE FLOWERED. — No. 245. Twenty vases, one flower in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Zinnia. — SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY. — No. 246. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 247. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Verbena. — No. 248. Basket or Bowl 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Five Miniature Containers. — No. 249. Display. A group of five miniature containers, 6 inches over all in height. Containers may be owned by exhibitor; flowers to be grown by exhibitors. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 33 Apples, twelve specimens. — No. 250. Porter 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 251. Red Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 252. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Plum.— No. 253. Display, no restriction as to arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 254. Golden Jubilee - No. 255. Any variety Pear, twelve specimens.— No. 256. Clapp's Favorite Squash, three specimens. — No. 257. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Pepper, twelve specimens. — No. 258. Harris's Early 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 259. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 260. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 5 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 261. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 262. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00. Dahlia. — No. 263. Standard — Dahlias predominating 2. 50 2.00 1. 50 1.00 .50 No other standards to be shown. Gladiolus. — No. 264. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Aster. — No. 265. Display, not exceeding 25 square feet 5.00 4 00 3 00 2 00 1.00 Scabiosa. — No. 266 Vase 2.50 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Lilies. — No. 267. Vase 3. 00 2. 50 1 50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 268. Gravenstein 3.00 2.50 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 269. Maiden's Blush 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 270. Wealthy 2.50 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Apple, Crab, twenty-four specimens.— No. 271. Hyslop 2.50 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 272. Champion 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 273. Seedlings 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 274. Crawford (early) 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 275. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 276. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 35 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 277. Golden Varieties 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 278. Lombard 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 279. Burbank 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 280. New varieties 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 281. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. ■ No. 282. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Grape, three clusters.— No. 283. Green Mountain 2. 00 1 50 1 00 .50 , No. 284. Moore's 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 285. Ontario 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 286. Fredonia 2. uu 1 5U 1 C\(\ PA . oU No. 287. Varieties not scheduled 1 1 ^n ou i i nn uu ^n . ou No. 288. New varieties 1 50 1 00 50 Pepper, twelve specimens. — No. 289. Squash 2. uu 1 1 ^n ou i i nn i uu ^n . ou No. 290. Any other variety 2. nn uu 1 1 ^n . ou i i nn . uu p;n . ou Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 291. Bonny Best 2. 00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 292. Beauty 2. 00 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 293. Any other variety 2. 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Bean, one-half peck. — No. 294. Dwarf Lima 2. 00 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 295. Pole Lima 2. 00 1 .50 1 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 296. Any named variety 2. 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Celery, blanched (named) six specimens. No. 297. Any variety 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Carrot, twelve specimens. — No. 298. Any variety 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Egg Plant.— No. 299. Three specimens 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Mushroom, native. — No. 300. Collection of edible varieties. Twent}- dollars may be used for prizes. Thursday, September 12 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 301. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 302. Metal container of cut flowers, container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00. Dahlia. — No. 303. Twenty vases, one flower in each vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cosmos. — No 304. Vase or basket 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus. — No. 305. Fifteen vases, one spike in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 306. New varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 307. Wealthy 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 308. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 309. Louise Bonne de Jersey 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 310. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 311. Elberta 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 312. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 313. Display, no restriction as to arrangement 8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 314. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1940 J SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 37 Grape, three clusters. — No. 315. Brighton 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 316. Campbell 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 317. Worden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 318. Concord 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 319. Delaware 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 320. Niagara 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No 321. Moore's Diamond 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 322. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 323. New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 324. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Melon, three specimens. — No. 325. Green Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 326. Yellow Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 327. Water 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato. — No. 328. Display. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Vegetables. — I. Display to cover 24 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Dahlia Exhibition Thursday, September 19 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Dahlia.— No. 329. Fifty vases, one flower in each. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 330. Twelve vases, one flower ineach 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year. No. 331. Single varieties, twenty vases 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 332. Basket of large flowered 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 POMPON. No. 333. Twenty vases, three sprays in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Display of Flower Arrangement. — No. 334. Not to cover more than 24 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes. No baskets. Scale of Points by Which the Above Class is to be Judged Quality of flowers 40 points Proportion and harmony of flowers with receptacles 35 " Arrangement of flowers 25 " Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 335. Cut flowers in vases. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 39 Edwin Draper Fund Begonia, tuberous rooted. — J. Display of Potted Plants. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 336. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 337. Seckel 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 338. Any variety, not scheduled 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Peach. — No. 339. Any variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 340. Orange 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grapes. — No. 341. Display of Grapes. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Squash, three specimens. — No. 342. Warren 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50 No. 343. Golden Hubbard 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 344. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 345. Red 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 346. Savoy 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 347. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cauliflower. — No. 348. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Turnip. — No. 349. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Broccoli. — No. 350. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, September 26 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock i. This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Dahlia. — No. 351. Display. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the secretary two days in advance. No. 352. Basket 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year. Cosmos. — No. 353. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Marigold. — No. 354. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, one flat. — No. 355. Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 356. Hubbardston 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 357. Tompkins King 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 358. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 359. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 360. Sheldon 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 361. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. Twenty dollars to may used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Potato, six varieties (named). — No. 362. Twelve specimens of each 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 41 Squash, three specimens. — No. 363. Green Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 364. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cauliflower. — No. 365. Three specimens. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Edwin Draper Fund Vegetables. — K. Collection not to exceed 25 varieties 10.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5 00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, October 3 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 366. Display 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Standard of Cut Flowers. — No. 367. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Dried Flowers, Statice, Strawflowers, Lunaria (Honesty). — No. 368. Display. 4.00 3.50 2.00 1.00 Table Decorations of Flowers. — No. 369. Oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers grown by ex- hibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, one flat.— No. 370. Any variety not scheduled 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 371. Sutton Beauty 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Display of Fruit. — No. 372. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 373. Bosc 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grape, open culture. — No. 374. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Pumpkins, three specimens. — No. 375. Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 19401 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 43 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 376. Any named variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Parsley. — No. 377. One-half peck 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Peppers. — No. 378. Display. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes. Celery, blanched, six specimens.— No. 379. Golden. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 380. Other varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Squash, three specimens.-- No. 381. Blue Hubbard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney L. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 16 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 10 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 382. Display — $40.00 may be awarded for prizes. Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 383. Cut flowers in vases. Ten dollars maybe used for prizes. Apple, Eastern standard box, commercially packed. — No. 384. Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 385. Baldwin 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 386. Bellflower 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 387. Winter Banana 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 388. R. I. Greening 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 389. Northern Spy 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 390. Palmer 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 391. Roxbury Russet 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 392. Cortland 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 393. Opalescent 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 394. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 395. New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 396. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 397. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. No. 398. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 399. Angouleme 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 400. Clairgeau 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 401. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 45 No. 402. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 403. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Grape, open culture. — No. 404. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 405. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 406 . Champion 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cauliflower. — No. 407. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 408. Golden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 409. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Endive. — No. 410. Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Leeks. — No. 411. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 412. For varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Salsify. — No. 413. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 414. Purple Top Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 415. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, October 17 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Ferns. — No. 416. Display, potted ferns, named varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Specimen Fern. — No. 417. One plant 3.00 2.00 1.00 Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 418. Plants. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Gut Flowers. — No. 419. Basket. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Pear. — No. 420. Lawrence 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, one flat. — No. 421. Baldwin 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 422. Any other variety except Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 423. Three flats, three varieties 7.00 6.00 5.00 4 00 3.00 2.00 No. 424. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Apples, forty-nine specimens. — No. 425. Any named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Table Decorations — Native Fruit.— No. 426. Round table laid for four covers. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 427. Yellow Globe Danvers 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 428. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 47 Squash. — No. 429. Collection 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 430. English varieties, not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 431. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grains. — No. 432. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. Field Beans. — No. 433 Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished) No. 434. Display. Twelve dollars may be used for prizes. Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 7, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 8, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 9, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 10, 12 m. to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday Chrysanthemums. — Use catalogue of Elmer D. Smith & Co. of Adrian, Michigan. No. 435. Twelve blooms, not less than six varieties, to be named 12 . 00 10 . 00 8 . 00 No. 436. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00 No. 437. Pompons, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 438. Single varieties, display in vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 439. Korean varieties, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 440. Anemones, display in vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 441. Six specimen plants 10.00 8.00 6.00 No. 442. One specimen plant, one plant in pot 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Standard Commercial Varieties. — Use catalogue of Elmer D. Smith & Co. of Adrian, Michigan. No. 443. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 444. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 445. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet. Exhibition Varieties. — No. 446. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 447. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 448. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 49 Chrysanthemums. — No. 449. Basket of Pompons 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 450. Basket of Single 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 451. Basket of Anemones 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 452. Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00 Garden Displays I A t \n 775.00 Plant Displays B Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition. M. Special Exhibits. — Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Frederick A. Blake Fund N. Chrysanthemums.— Best bloom 4.00 3.00 2.00 O. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars may be awarded for prizes. Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage P. Table Decorations.— A Thanksgiving table. No restric- tions. Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars to be used for prizes. Fern Globes. — No. 453. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Terrariums. — No. 454. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 455. Small — Containers must not ex- ceed 18 inches in any dimension 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 Wild Fruits and Berries. — No. 456. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00 .50 Physalis Franchettii (Chinese Lanterns). — No. 457. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Fruit Display. — No. 458. No restriction as to arrangement. $40.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Apples, forty-nine specimens. — No. 459. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 460. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 461. Delicious 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 462. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 463. Basket of Fancy Apples 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 464. Basket of Fancy Pears 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund A. Baldwin, best twelve. — Four premiums 2.00 1 50 1 .00 .50 B. Northern Spy. — Three premiums 1 50 1 .00 .50 C. Delicious. — Four premiums 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 D. Rhode Island Greening. — Three premiums 1 50 1 00 .50 E. Roxbury Russet. — Three premiums 1 50 1 00 .50 F. Sutton Beauty. — Three premiums 1 50 1 .00 .50 G. Mcintosh. — Four premiums 2.00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 H. Any other Variety. — Four premiums 2.00 1. 50 1 00 .50 * * * Brussels Sprouts. — No. 465. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1940S SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 51 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 466. Giant Pascal 2.00 1 50 •* 1 00 .50 "NTn A(\1 A nv ntnpr vni'iptv 2 50 2 00 1 JL 50 1 X 00 50 union, rweive specimens. — Nn 4fift White Globe _L \ . 1UO. TV 111 LC VJ1UUC 2 00 *d « \J\J 1 X 50 1 X 00 50 No. 469. Red Globe 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 470. Cracker 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 471. Any other variety 2 50 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 472. Any variety 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 473. Hollow Crown 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 474. Green Hubbard 2 50 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No 475 Purole Tod Globe 2 00 *m » \J\J 1 50 1 00 .50 Turnip, six specimens. — No. 476. White Swede 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 477. Yellow Swede 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 478. Green Mountain 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 479. Any other variety 2.00 1 .50 1 00 .50 Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 5, 1940. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1940. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information. 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman William Anderson Mrs. Amy W. Smith Herbert R. Kinney Florence E. Field, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library Hedges, Screens and Windbreaks, by Donald Wyman, 1938 The Gardener's Travel Book, by Edward I. Farrington, 1938 Flowers, East-West, by J. Gregory Conway, 1938 The Gladiolus Year Book for 1939 Edible Mushrooms and How to Know Them, by Nina Lane Faubian, 1939 Lily Year Book of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1938 Propagation of Plants, by Kains and McQuesten, 1938 What to Do with Herbs, by Mary Cable Dennis, 1939 American Delphinium Society Year Book for 1938 The American Rose Annual for 1939 The Vegetable Garden, by Edward I. Farrington, 1939 The Garden of Larkspurs, by L. H. Bailey, 1939 Lilies for American Gardens, by George L. Slate, 1939 The W^orld Was My Garden, by David Fairchild. 1938 Hardy Chrysanthemums, by Alex. Cummings, Jr., 1939 Miniature Flower Arrangement, by Edith Mason and Edith Waas, 1939 The Book of Garden Magic, by Roy E Biles, 1935 1939 Bulletins of the American Iris Society Begonias and How to Grow Them, by Bessie Buxton, 1939 Herbs, How to Grow and How to Use Them, by Helen Noyes Webster, 1939 The Potato, by William Stuart, 1939 A Dictionary of Scientific Terms, by J. F. Henderson and J. H. Kenneth, 1939 Cacti for the Amateur, by Scott E. Haselton, 1939 Succulents for the Amateur, by J. R. Brown, Alain White, Sloane and Reynolds, Edited by Scott E. Haselton, 1939 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 53 The American Lily Book by the American Horticultural Society, 1939 Practical Plant Breeding, by W. J. C. Lawrence, 1939 Harmony in Flower Design, Arrangements by Isabel T. Ackerman Rose B. Housekeeper and Emma E. Thasher The Garden in Color, by Louise Beebe Wilder, 1937 Irises, by F. F. Rockwell, 1928 Peonies, by F. F. Rockwell, 1933 The Garden of Gourds, by L. H. Bailey, 1937 Chrysanthemums (with supplement on forcing with the use of black cloth and training cascade chrysanthemums), by Alexander Laurie, 1930 The Mushroom Handbook, by Louis C. C. Krieger, 1936 How to Grow Roses, 1937 issue, by McFarland and Pyle The International edition of the 1938 Gladiolus Society Year Book The 1937 Royal Horticultural Society Lily Year-Book Modern Dahlias, by J. Louis Roberts, 1938 The Present-Day Rock Garden, by Sampson Clay (English), 1937 The Delphinium Year-Book, 1937, by The American Delphinium Society Garden Bulbs in Color, by J. Horace McFarland, R. Marion Hatton, and Daniel J. Foley, 1938 Flower Decoration, by Constance Spry (English), 1933 Flowers in the House and Garden, by Constance Spry (English), 1937 The 1938 American Rose Annual, Issued by The American Rose Society Herbaceous Borders and the Waterside, by Richard Sudell, 1938 The Gardener's Omnibus, Edited by E. I. Farrington, 1938 How to Know the Wild Flowers, by Frances Theodore Parsons, 1935 Familiar Flowers of Field and Garden, by F. Schuyler Mathews Green Laurels, by Donald Culross Peattie, 1936 Our Shade Trees, by Ephraim Porter Felt, 1938 Creative Flower Arrangement, by Dorothy Biddle and Dorothea Blom, 1938 Color in Everyday Life, by Louis Weinberg, 1937 Soilless Growth of Plants, by Ellis and Swaney, 1938 The Garden Dictionary, Edited by Norman Taylor, 1936 Worcester County Horticultural Society SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday, August 17 and Saturday, September 7, 1940 Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street Worcester, Massachusetts Saturday, August 1 7 All articles must be in the hall by 1 o'clock The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. Open to Children under 14 years of age Display of Flowers. — No. 1. Not to exceed fifteen vases 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 .25 No. 2. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers .75 .50 .25 .25 Zinnia. — No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Asters. — No. 4, Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Petunia. — No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Calendula. — No. 6. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 7. Not to exceed fifteen vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 8. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 9. Not to exceed 12 varieties 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 Beets. — No. 10. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Summer Squash. — No. 11. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 String Beans. — No. 12. Two quarts .75 .50 .25 .25 Potato.— No. 13. Twelve specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 14. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 15. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Carrots. — No. 16. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Cucumber. — No. 17. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 57 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 Display of Flowers. — No. 18. ! Not to exceed 15 vases 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.00 No. 19. ! Bouquet, mixed cut flowers 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Asters. — No. 20. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Petunia. — No. 21. Not to exceed 10 vases 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Gladiolus. — No. 22. Basket 1.00.75 .50 .25 Zinnia. — No. 23. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 24. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 25. Vase of Wild Flowers 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 26 Not over 15 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 Potato. — No. 27. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Beets. — No. 28. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Carrots. — No. 29. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Shell Beans. — No. 30. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 String Beans. — No. 31. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 32. Six ears 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 33. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Cucumber. — No. 34. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Summer Squash. — No. 35. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Saturday, September 7 All articles must be in the hall by 1 o'clock The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. Open to Children under 14 years of age Display of Flowers. — No. 36. Not to exceed 15 vases 2. 00 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 .25 No. 37. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers .75 .50 .25 .25 Cosmos. — No. 38. Vase .75 .50 .25 .25 Calendula. — No. 39. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Petunia. — No. 40. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Asters. — No. 41. Not to exceed 10 vases 75 .50 .25 . 25 Zinnia. — No. 42. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Marigolds. — No. 43. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Gladiolus. — No. 44. Basket .75 .50 .25 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 45. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 46. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 47. Not to exceed 12 varieties 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 Shell Beans. — No. 48. Two quarts in pods .75 .50 .25 .25 Beets. — No. 49. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Carrots. — No. 50. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 51. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 59 Green Peppers. — No. 52. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Tomato. — No. 53. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Winter Squash. — No. 54 Two specimens 1.00 .75 .25 .25 Potato.— No. 55. Twelve specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Cucumber. — No. 56. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 Display of Flowers. — No. 57. Not to exceed 15 vases 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 No. 58. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Petunia. — No. 59. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Dahlias. — No. 60. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Zinnia. — No. 61. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Marigold. — No. 62. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Cosmos. — No. 63. One large vase 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Gladiolus. — No. 64. Basket 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 65. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 66. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Dahlia. — No. 67. Vase 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 68. Not to exceed 15 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 60 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1940 Potato.— No. 69. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Carrots. — No. 70. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Beets. — No. 71. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 72. Six ears 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Peppers. — No. 73. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 74. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Cabbage. — No. 75. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 Winter Squash. — No. 76. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Celery. — No. 77. Three specimens .75 . 50 .25 Shell Beans. — No. 78. Two quarts in the pod 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Onion. — No. 79. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Cucumber. — No. 80. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. 1940] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 61 Special Prizes Offered by Secretary Herbert R. Kinney To the ones receiving the two largest amounts under 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. To the ones receiving the two largest amounts over 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. * * * For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Reports of the Officers and Lectures For the year ending December 4, 1941 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1941 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS MRS. HOMER GAGE S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT Worcester, Mass. No. Grafton, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester LIBRARIAN MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester TRUSTEES Joseph A. Allen Auburn Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester William Anderson Still River Willis E. Cary Worcester Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Sutton J. Frank Cooper Worcester Edward W. Breed Clinton Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester Ralph C. Breed Clinton Mrs. Florence C. Emory Worcester Richard A. Flagg Boylston Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Worcester Harold J. Greenwood Boylston Ernest Hansen Worcester Allen J. Jenkins Shrewsbury Allen W. Hixon Worcester William E. Morey Shrewsbury Allyne W. Hixon Worcester Eugene O. Parsons Auburn Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Worcester Charles Potter West Boylston H. Ward Moore Worcester Albert W. Schneider Clinton Harry I. Randall Worcester Myron S. Wheeler Berlin Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester Mrs. Mary D. White Holden George F. E. Story Worcester Ernest P. Bennett Worcester Leslie E. Winter Worcester Harry Harrison, 1941 STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Leonard C. Midgley, 1942 Myron F. Converse, 1943 NOMINATING COMMITTEE John H. Brooks, Jr., 1941 Walter S. Young, 1942 Earl T. Harper, 1943 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney J. Frank Cooper Leonard C. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins Mrs. Amy W. Smith ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Joseph A. Allen Mrs. Percy G. Forbes William Anderson Allen W. Hixon Elizabeth R. Bishop Allyne W. Hixon Edward W. Breed Leonard C. Midgley Ralph C. Breed H. Ward Moore S. Lothrop Davenport William E. Morey Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Charles Potter Mrs. Florence E. Field Mrs. William W. Taft Myron F. Converse, President Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary AUDITORS Harry C. Midgley Arthur H. Bellows H. Ward Moore JUDGES Plants and Flowers: William Anderson, Still River Fruit: S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton Vegetables: H. Wrard Moore, Worcester MEDAL COMMITTEE Myron F. Converse, Chairman Edward W. Breed Allen W. Hixon ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence C. Emory Leonard C. Midgley Albert H. Inman H. Ward Moore Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street Harry Harrison, Finance Committee PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Groups of people engaged in constructive enterprise enrich the stand- ard of living in their respective communities. Nowhere is this fact more evident than here. Happily the Horticulturists of this community grouped their interests a century ago thus affording the incentive as well as the work shop and the meeting place for the sponsors of the culture of flowers, fruits and vegetables. The result is that during these many years the people of Worcester and vicinity have been noted for their progress in all that pertains to the subject matter of horticulture. The activities of this Society began at the time of its organization in 1840, and two years later it was incorporated under the provisions of the laws of this Commonwealth. The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Society was observed in 1892 and at that time representatives of this Society entrusted to the American Antiquarian Society a package to be opened on the occasion of our One Hundredth Anniversary which will be observed next year. This important occasion is one which should engage the immediate attention of our members who at this time are provided with ample facilities to suitably observe this Anniversary. The lectures and exhibitions which have been conducted during the past year under direction of our various committees, have maintained the high rank for which this Society has become distinguished. The Spring Show held each year in March and the Chrysanthemum Exhibition in November always are of outstanding interest and the exhibitors receive deserved commendation from the numerous people who visit on these occasions. However, the weekly shows held each Thursday throughout the Summer Season receive much merited atten- tion. The benefits of the weekly shows are distributed over a longer period of time and meet the needs of the average home gardener. The Winter meetings, which include the Thursday lectures and the Reunion held in March, attract a group of interested people whose suggestions and comments are ever helpful in arranging a program for the coming season. 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 This year the National Grange held its Annual Meeting in Worces- ter which was an event of nationwide interest. Many of our members are affiliated with the Grange. It was a pleasure for us to make avail- able our accommodations to its delegates during their stay with us. Likewise, the Massachusetts Farm Bureau held meetings here in November at which time the Bureau observed its Twentieth Anniver- sary. Aside from these gatherings, mention may well be made of others such as the Worcester County Extension Service, the Dairymen, 4-H Club and the Worcester Garden Club; members of the last mentioned organization having contributed much to the success of the Spring Show through special exhibits in the Lecture Room. The forebearance of the members of this Society in permitting me to hold office during these many years should be rewarded soon by rotation into other hands of the honors, duties and responsibilities which it has been my privilege so long to enjoy. Thus I leave this message with you and my thanks to you for the co- operation which you have given so generously to the Society, its officers and committees. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, President Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1941 SECRETARY'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Our lectures for 1941 were along our usual lines with all lectures illustrated. Thursday, January 9, 1941, "Gardens from Maine to Mexico" by Mrs. Emily Henry Bush of Brookline, Massachusetts. She said, "Hobbies are a real benefit to all of us and mine happens to be colored photography. I am not troubled with pests in my garden and I am simply thrilled when it rains for strange as it may seem, pictures of gardens seem much more satisfactory when taken in the rain or when foggy than in the bright sunshine. "I collect these garden pictures, tuck them away in my photograph album and can bring them out at any time." Her pictures were beautiful and charmingly described. January 16, 1941, "Where Man and Nature Work Together" by Dr. Charles H. Tozier, of Boston, Mass. This lecture covered a very long line of subjects and it would seem as though everyone in our large audience should have seen and heard of many things that they never had had brought to their attention before under the same conditions. While many of the pictures were beautiful and showed a wide range, others were more interesting because of their novelty. January 23, 1941, "In the Valley of the Roses in Bulgaria" by Irina Khrabroff, of New York City. She said, "This Valley that is only about eighty- five miles long and thirty miles wide is the metropolis of the world's rose oil market. "There is produced about eighty per cent of the world's annual supply of the rose oil here." Thursday, January 30, 1941, Ruth P. and Percy I. Merry of Newton Highlands, Mass., gave a lecture on "Garden Highlights." "In these days of unrest and uncertainty it is rather nice to find a place where we can enjoy inspiration from flowers. There is one flower with which we can make a very beautiful display, that is the Narcissus. 8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 The Azalea is beautiful both in Spring and Fall. Lilies give your garden a dignified appearance." Thursday, February 6, 1941, Mrs. Anne Leonard of North Easton, Massachusetts, gave a lecture on "Marvels of Nature." "Near Denver, Colorado, is a huge natural auditorium formed by great walls on three sides. It is of a lovely red color. The Canadian Rockies are a region of very fine scenery and are climaxed by the beauti- ful Lake Louise. The oldest exposed rocks in America are found along the Gaspe Peninsula." February 20, 1941, Mrs. Anson Howe Smith of Dedham, Massachu- setts, gave a lecture on "Flower Arrangement." "So much has been said and written on this subject of Flower Ar- rangement that it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a safe and sane attitude of mind. "Design is not something you can learn merely by studying about it. It is something you must respond to." SPRING EXHIBITION March 6, 7, 8, 9, 1941 The building was well filled with flowers, plants, fruit and vegetables. There were nine garden displays that drew $815 and eleven plant displays that were awarded $277 and there were a number of smaller exhibits that are always handy to fill small places. There were fifty-two entries of fruit, most of which was in excellent condition. There were ten entries of vegetables, most of it in good condition. April 24 exhibition was featured by the Frederick A. Blake Fund for Baskets of Carnations. There were twelve Table Decorations and three displays of plants. Exhibition May 15. There were large displays of Wild Flowers and Pansies. Table Decorations with ten entries and some good plant displays. There were some good apples and vegetables. Iris Exhibition, June 12. There were small showings of Iris and Peonies. There were two displays, one exhibit of twenty vases and six baskets of Iris and two vases of Peonies. Peony exhibition, June 19, there were three displays and one exhibit of twenty vases of Peonies. There were five Baskets of Siberian Iris and ten vases of Roses. The Rose Exhibition, June 26, there was a good showing of nice Roses but not as many as usual. Table Decorations under the Miss Frances C. Morse Fund, eight entries were good. There were no Peonies. There was a small showing of Strawberries and vegetables of only medium quality. July 3, the Delphinium and cut flowers were good. There were no Peonies. A light entry of Fruit and Vegetables of only medium quality. July 10, there was a good display of Cut Flowers and Baskets of Cut Flowers. Japanese Iris was light. Only three entries of Delphinium and six of Lilium Candidum. 10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 July 17, Sweet Pea Exhibition. There were three Table Decorations and three entries of Ten Vases and three Small Baskets. A very good showing of Cut Flowers and Standards. July 24, Table Decorations featured this exhibition with sixteen entries. July 31, there were good displays of Cut Flowers, Gladiolus, Phlox, Perennials and Annuals. August 7, the call, Flower Arrangement for Living Room, pottery container to be furnished and the flowers grown by the exhibitor, under the Coulson Fund was very popular. There were eleven premiums awarded from $3.00 to $.50. I hope this method may be continued. There were five fine Gladiolus Displays and large entries of Zinnias and Wild Flowers. August 14, there were seven good Displays and six entries of Twenty Vases of Gladiolus. Flowers on a Mirror, twenty-six entries were interesting. The exhibits of Asters, Salpiglosis, Phlox Drummondi and Annuals were good. August 21, this was one of our largest exhibitions. There were five Standards and twelve Baskets of Gladiolus. Nine displays of Zinnias and eight of Garden Flowers. There were thirty-two entries of Flowers on a Mirror. August 28, there was a good showing of Cut Flowers and Asters. Lilies, poor. There were some Dahlias and Zinnias. A small exhibit of Begonias and one of the best exhibits of Verbenas we have had in a long time. The exhibit of a Group of Five Miniature Containers drew much attention. There were twenty-seven entries. September 4, Cut Flowers, Class 1 and 2 were good. Pair of Mantel Vases proves to be very popular. The twenty-four entries made a fine exhibit. September 11, the Cut Flowers were fine. Metal container of Cut Flowers, container to be furnished and flowers grown by the exhibitor, twenty-five entries. There were ten entries of Cosmos and five of Dahlias. Seven entries each of Gladiolus and Marigolds. Our best Grape exhibition. September 18, Dahlia Exhibition. There were five entries of Fifty WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 11 Vases, one flower in each. Also Twelve Vases, one flower in each. Baskets of Large Flowered and Singles and Pompons. Display of Flower Arrangement; there were fifteen entries. This was one of our most popular exhibits. There were a number of modern arrangements that attracted considerable attention. September 25, there were seven entries of Dahlia Display and five for Baskets of Dahlias. October 2, eight entries of Cut Flowers were good. Also the eleven entries of Standards of Cut Flowers. The Dried Flowers, four entries were good. Table Decoration of Flowers, thirteen entries were good. Display of Fruit was good. October 9, Fruit and Vegetables. There were eight Displays of Cut Flowers and Five of Hardy Chrysanthemums. There was the best show- ing of apples for a number of years. There were nine exhibits of grapes. October 16, Display of Potted Ferns, two good ones. There was a good Display of Hardy Chrysanthemums and an excellent showing of Ornamental Gourds and a good display of Squash. There were five entries of Table Decorations, native fruit. Chrysanthemum Exhibition, November 6, 7, 8, 9- There were nine Garden Displays that were awarded $775. They filled the Auditorium and the West Room with a very attractive display. The lower vestibule was filled with Chrysanthemums. The east section of the dining room was filled with a fine exhibit of Apples and Pears. The center section with vegetables which were not as good as usual. The west section was filled with Chrysanthemums of medium quality. The third floor carried an exhibit of thirteen Table Decorations, sponsored by Mrs. Homer Gage. Prof. Illingworth had a very attractive exhibit in the upper vestibule. Respectfully submitted, Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary December 4, 1941 TREASURER'S REPORT For the Year Ending December 3, 1941 Statement of Income and Expenditures Income Rent: Hall $659.00 Stores 39,999-96 $40,658.96 Permanent Funds: Membership Fund . . $90.83 Blake Fund 66.00 Coulson Fund 19-25 Dewey Fund 25.15 Draper Fund 9.00 Eames Fund 23.50 Hadwen Fund 15.00 Morse Fund 11.00 Membership Fees Interest Earned: Permanent Funds . . $140.22 Investments 243.94 Winter Meetings Other Income: Mabel K. Gage 1940 $50.00 1941 50.00 H. R. Kinney 1941 33.00 Cash Balance, December 5, 1940 259.73 60.00 384.16 197-00 133.00 On account of Retirement of Class A Stock, Worcester County Trust Company 162.50 Insurance: Return Premium 1.84 Total $41,857.19 980.15 EXPENDITURES Library Winter Meetings Periodicals .... Publications . . . Premiums: Of 1941 Special Children's . . . Blake Fund . . Coulson Fund Draper Fund . Eames Fund . Hadwen Fund Morse Fund . Expense: Exhibitions . Office Operating . . Miscellaneous Maintenance: Furniture and Fix- tures Real Estate 5,462.50 83.00 241.20 66.00 19.25 9.00 23.50 15.00 11.00 442.75 481.69 413.11 566.78 369.51 283.72 Salaries Interest Paid on Mortgage (Front St.) Interest Added to Permanent Funds Interest Returned to Investments . . Insurance Light, Heat, and Water Janitor Service Mortgage Reduction (Front St. Property) Transfer to Membership Fund . . . Returned to Investments Furniture and Fixtures Total Cash Balance December 3, 1941 . . $58.95 953.67 132.95 805.15 6,930.45 1,904.33 653.23 2,880.00 4,683.90 140.22 243.94 258.16 1,093.32 2,631.00 17,000.00 60.00 162.50 565.00 embersi efi 11,156.77 1,680.57 $42,837.34 $42,837.34 Statement of Gains and Losses Gains nexpended Balances of Appropriations: Children's Exhibi- tions $58.80 Premiums 362.50 $421.30 embership Fees 60.00 come from Permanent Funds . . 259.73 nts 40,658.96 her Income 133.00 $41,532.99 Losses Appropriations $10,000.00 Excess over appropriation — Salaries 5.00 Depreciation 1,155.36 Special and Permanent Fund Premiums 226.75 Expense Accounts 1,904.33 Insurance 256.32 Interest 4,439-96 Janitor Service 2,631.00 Light, Heat, and Water 1,093.32 Maintenance Accounts 653.23 Periodicals 132.95 Publications 805.15 Winter Meetings 756.67 $24,060.04 Net Gains to Surplus 17,472.95 il, 532.99 Statement of Assets and Liabilities Assets Permanent Funds (Investment): People's Sav. Bk. (HadwenFund) . $1,045.84 Wore. Five Cts. Sav. Bk. Liabilities (Draper Fund) . . 359.82 (Eames Fund) . . 545.02 (Morse Fund) . . 529.72 Wor. Co. Inst, for Sav. (Coulson Fund) . 1,034.79 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk. (Blake Fund) . . . 1,229.41 (Dewey Fund) . . 1,000.00 (McWilliam Fund) 219.73 Blake Fund: Principal . . Income .... Coulson Fund: Principal . . Income . . . Dewey Fund: Principal . . Draper Fund: Principal . . $5,964.33 Investments: Wor. Co. Inst, for Sav $3,689.50 Wor. Five Cts. Sav. 3,429.23 Wor. Mech. Sav. Bk. 3,637.27 Wor. Co. Trust Co. 65 shrs. Class A Stock at $5.00 . . 325.00 11,081.00 Membership Fund 4,500.00 Real Estate 480,000.00 Furniture and Fixtures 18,608.38 Library 1,583.86 Cash 1,680.57 Income Eames Fund: Principal Income Hadwen Fund: Principal Income McWilliam Fund: Principal Income Morse Fund: Principal Income Mortgage Note, Front St. Property Surplus: Balance, Dec. 5, 1940 393,980.86 Net Gain, 1941 17,472.95 $1,000.00 229.41 1,000.00 34.79 1 1,000.00 300.00 59.82 500.00 45.02 1,000.00 45.84 200.00 19.73 500.00 29.72 106,000.00 411,453.81 $523,418.14 $523,418.14 Respectfully Submitted, B. W. Greenwood, Treasurer Auditor's Certificate I have examined the books of the Treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, together with vouchers, securities, and bank balances, for the year ending December 3, 1941, and find them to be correct. Adah B. Johnson, Accountant We have caused an audit of the books of the Treasurer to be made for the year ending December 3, 1941, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved. Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore, Harry C. Midgley, Arthur H. Bellows, Auditors Worcester, Massachusetts December 3, 1941 LIBRARIAN'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: It is very gratifying to note a considerable increase in 1941 in the use of the Library as compared with previous years. Six hundred books have been in circulation this year, an increase of nearly one hundred over 1940. The total number of volumes on the shelves of the Library at the present time is approximately three thousand. This includes old, rare and unique editions and systematic groups of books on special subjects. Seven volumes of the first Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, an account of their activities beginning in 1805 and continuing through 1828, are of special interest. Among our many valuable sets of bound periodicals the Curtis Botanical Magazine, consisting of one hundred five volumes, the first printed in London in 1793, requires special mention. Paxton's Magazine of Botany in seventeen volumes, the first printed in London in 1841, contains many wood-cuts and colored plates drawn and colored by some of the best artists and many other works of interest and value that should become better known to our flower lovers. It is the ambition of your Library Committee to make the Library more generally known, more useful, and more effective every year. The attention of members who have not been using the Library is espe- cially called to our fine collection of books on horticulture and relative subjects. New Books added to our catalogue this year include the following: Flowers, Their Arrangement, by J. Gregory Conway, 1940. Better Lawns, by Howard B. Sprague, 1940. Modern Roses II, by J. Horace McFarland, 1940. Tree Neighbors, by Russell Doubleday, 1940. Shrubs in the Garden and Their Legends, by Vernon Quinn, 1940. Stories and Legends of Garden Flowers, by Vernon Quinn, 1940. The American Lily Year Book, by The American Horticultural Society, 1940. Planting Design, by Florence Bell Robinson, 1940. Arranging Flowers, by Margaret Watson (English), 1940. 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 Winter Flowers in the Sun-Heated Pit, by Kathryn S. Taylor and Edith W. Gregg, 1941. Birds in the Garden, by Margaret McKenny, 1939. The Gladiolus, by Forman T. McLean, 1941. Edited by F. F. Rockwell. Ornamental Trees for Amateurs, by W. J. Bean, 1925. Maintenance of Shade and Ornamental Trees, by P. P. Pirone, 1941. Pruning Trees and Shrubs, by Ephraim Porterfelt, 1941. The Golden Throng, by Edwin Way Teale, 1940. . The Flower Family Album, by Fischer & Harshbarger, 1941. A Rose Odyssey, by J. H. Nicolas, 1937. Plants in the Home, by Frank K. Balthis, 1941. Learn the Trees from Leaf Prints, The Botanic Publishing Co., 1938, Cincin- nati, Ohio. Bible Plants for American Gardens, by Eleanor A. King, 1941. Gardening with the Experts, by twelve noted authorities, 1941. The Garden of Pinks, by L. H. Bailey, 1938. The Fragrant Path, by Louise Beebe Wilder, 1936. Perennial Gardens, H. Stuart Ortloff, 1932. Magic Gardens. Rosetta E. Clarkson, 1939. The Gladiolus Year Book for 1941- American Delphinium Society Year Book for 1940- The American Rose Annual, 1941- Respectfully submitted, Florence E. Field, Librarian Edward W. Breed, Chairman, Library Committee Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1941 REPORT OF JUDGE OF FRUIT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The season of 1941 will be remembered as one of many bright sunny days and a great deficiency of rain. Spring found very little snow on the ground and this quickly vanished leaving the ground dry and ready for planting very early in the season. And throughout the summer most sections had a very light rainfall which had a marked effect on the size of the fruit, especially where the trees set a heavy crop. With the early dry season many of the fruit crops, especially the berries, early apples, peaches, etc., ripened early and were often at their best long before the call for that variety. We had a rather poor showing of strawberries and raspberries this season, but currants and blackberries were about the average, with blueberries making a fine showing. Strawberry varieties are changing each year and at present a variety called Catskill, which originated in New York State, is becoming one of the most popular, replacing Howard 17, which has held the lead for quite a few years. On several occasions this season, some fine plates of Catskill were shown. Some of the other newer varieties as Dorsett, Fairfax, are dropping by the way, and other new ones as Pathfinder, Dresden, etc., are coming on. Plums and cherries were lightly shown but more peaches were shown this season than for several years, and on several occasions some fine specimens of Hale, Elberta, Golden Jubilee were shown. This year was favorable for the production of grapes and on both September 4 and 1 1 and again as late as October 9 we had a fine show- ing, with some exceptionally fine plates of Concord, Wordens, Dela- wares, Niagara, Fredonia and others. Early apples and pears due to the dry season were only lightly shown and many varieties were rather small, but as the season advanced the number of plates shown increased and the size and quality greatly improved. So that on October 9 and 16 and again at the November show we had a fine showing of many varieties of apples, in plates, flats, boxes, 49, baskets and displays, with all classes practically filled. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 19 The Baldwin crop all over northeastern United States was very light this year with only about a 10 per cent crop. Only a few Baldwins were shown, so that Mcintosh, Delicious, Rhode Island Greenings and Cort- lands were the leading varieties. It was also very noticeable that many of the older varieties as Bellflower, Porter, etc., are rapidly disappearing. Baskets of fancy fruit is a popular class, but the quality could be greatly improved. In spite of the continuous dry weather the season of 1941 has given us a showing of fruits fully up to the average. Respectfully submitted, S. Lothrop Davenport, Judge of Fruit REPORT OF JUDGE OF VEGETABLES Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: Another season of abnormal and somewhat adverse conditions of weather has passed. The effects of these conditions, especially the great lack of moisture and the high temperature with bright sunlight, were to reduce the quantity and lower the quality of many of the exhibits in the Vegetable Department throughout the whole season. At the Spring Show in March we had about the usual good showing of vegetables with the exception of Cabbages and Squashes. Whereas the 1940 season was so wet and cold that many varieties of vegetables were behind the schedule, this year the opposite was true and nearly all varieties on schedule and in some cases ahead of it. A brief resume of the past season shows that some of the classes in which very few exhibits were shown were Asparagus, two exhibits at the May 15 Show and only one on June 12. No Cucumbers were shown on June 12 and July 3 and only one exhibit on July 17. On June 26 we had an exceptionally good showing of Peas but after that not so many really good ones were shown. Some very fine Sweet Corn, especially the Yellow varieties, was shown this year. Potatoes were scarce with only six plates shown for the 16 premiums offered on July 31 and August 7. One call that usually brings out keen competition, the one for six varieties 12 specimens each on September 25, had no entries at all. So far as I can recall this has not happened since I began to judge the vegetables. The Displays of Mushrooms were very fair considering the conditions which were so directly opposite to those best suited to their growth and development. Squashes have been very good this past season, making up in part at least, for what they lacked in numbers. One call for Summer Squash brought out some extra good exhibits, and on September 18 some of the largest and best Warren Squash that we have had for years were shown. The old reliable Green Hubbard Squash seemed to have come back into its own this year as evinced by the goodly number of them shown at the November Show and in the Collections on October 16. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 21 Of Celery there were some extra fine exhibits shown in a season in which Celery has not grown as well as usual. The Displays of Vegetables have been good in quality but, as was to be expected, fewer in numbers. The Displays of Tomatoes, Peppers and Gourds were the same. In the many Market Baskets of Vegetables shown on August 21 were enough fine quality vegetables to make most any family all they would need for an excellent boiled dinner provided they had a good piece of corned beef to go with the vegetables. Two successful Children's Exhibitions were held. These were also not quite up to the Children's high standard, yet they compared favor- ably with the exhibits of their elders. Though the conditions under which the Vegetable Exhibitors have labored this past season have been adverse and the results obtained not all that were desired, let them not be discouraged but, hoping for better times, strive to make next year's exhibits better than ever. In so doing you will be carrying out one of the purposes of this Society which is to assist in the development of more and better products. If you do this you will help in the great National Defense Movement, the duty of every true American. Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore, Judge of Vegetables REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: There are questions arising from time to time which have important bearing on the future work and operation of this Society — many relating to the rented real estate situated on Front Street, Worcester, now occu- pied by the F. W. Woolworth Company under a lease expiring June 1st, 1949. Inasmuch as this tenant recently purchased a location, it is probable that sometime in the near future we shall have occasion to determine a new course of procedure with reference to this property. At this meeting there will be presented for your consideration a proposition to relocate in part the passage-way situated in the rear of said property. The year's work of the Society has been conducted under satisfactory conditions in the Elm Street building which is in excellent condition. The Committee recommends that the Society appropriate the sum of $10,000 — to be apportioned by the Trustees for the maintenance of the Society's work during the coming year including the payment of premiums and salaries. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, Leonard C. Midgley, Harry Harrison, Finance Committee Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1941 GARDENS FROM MAINE TO MEXICO By Mrs. Emily Henry Bush, Brookline, Mass. January 9, 1941 Hobbies are of real benefit to all of us and my hobby happens to be color photography. One of the nicest things about it is that it can be shared with others. I am not troubled with pests of any kind in my garden and I am simply thrilled when it rains for, strange as it may seem, color pictures of gardens are much more satisfactory when taken in the rain or on foggy days than when the sun shines. My garden is perennially colorful too. I don't have to put it to sleep in the fall. I collect these garden pictures, tuck them away in my photographic album and bring them out any time I want them. Let us turn some of the pages showing gardens from Maine to Mexico. What is lovelier than a spray of crab-apple blossoms photographed against a blue sky or the birch trees of New England in the springtime? There is always something to photograph in Boston from the time the flowers begin to make their first appearance and it is only a short trip to the Arnold Arboretum which is famous for its rhododendrons. I feel as if spring had really come when I see the flower arrangement on Berkeley Street in Boston. Only yesterday I found the flower man had arranged his violets and spring flowers and I said "Winter can't last much longer and if it does snow, who cares, because spring has come to Boston anyway." There is an unusually lovely planting of azaleas along Muddy Brook in the Fenway. This little shrine overlooks one of the finest gardens in Chestnut Hill owned by Mrs. Vincent Roberts and is directly across from Boston College. It is particularly lovely through the summer when the roses are blossomed and just before Christmas when the shrine is lighted with candles. The gardens of Mrs. William Ellery of Chestnut Hill, while small, are very lovely. Here we find azaleas, an enchanting rock garden and one of the finest plantings of wisteria I have ever seen. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 25 Photographs of wharves and boats have a particular appeal and Gloucester is one place where they may be had in abundance. Old fish nets drying out by the town landing with stone quarries and derricks in the background create a lovely picture. One of the oldest houses in Cape Ann is the Norton house owned by Miss Margaret Norton. Here lilacs and roses blossom in their season and here is to be found an herb garden. These herbs are gathered and placed in a little house where they are very carefully sorted and checked. Then they are tied in clusters and hung from the rafters to dry. Finally they are packaged and sent out to the markets, thus a hobby has been turned into a nice business. We have perfectly exquisite roses on the North Shore and if you drive around the outer shore road when the roses are in bloom, you will be amply repaid. Waterlilies are a very photogenic flower and here is a close-up of some very lovely specimens. Miss Margaret DeLand has a charming house at Kennebunkport and in her garden is an exquisite Roman bronze which was unearthed on her estate. Williamsburg is an enchanting place to visit whether in the spring of the year or the summer and one of the nicest things about it is to go into some of the buildings which have been so beautifully restored and meet and talk with the hostesses who wear old costumes of the period. Cherry-blossom time in Washington is thrilling but for sheer beauty of blossom give me the magnolias. The old city of Charleston, South Carolina, is famous for its wrought- iron work and it has equally lovely gardens. The Middleton gardens, just outside Charleston, are open to the public every year and are par- ticularly renowned for their white azaleas. These gardens are one of the most famous in America. We think of Concord and Lexington as having been the scene of the first fight for American independence but that is not true. The first armed resistance against the British Stamp Act took place on the grounds of an old plantation in Williamstown, North Carolina, just nine years previous to the Concord fight and the colonial dames of North Carolina have erected a marker on the ground of this plantation. 26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 The plantation house was built in 1725 and was the only house in the vicinity spared by Sherman in his march to the sea. This is an abso- lutely pre-war plantation. I had always thought of camellias as being the very stiff little flowers one sees in florist shops. These trees which are twenty to thirty feet high afford a magnificent sight when the camellias are in full bloom. The Orton mansion, built in 1725, is a matchless example of South- ern architecture and while the house is not open to the public, the paths that wind about the garden afford the visitor excellent views of it. The azaleas which line the garden walks are a solid mass of color when in bloom. Outside Mercedes in the lovely Rio Grande section is the largest cactus garden in this country where over twelve hundred varieties of this plant are to be found, among them the curious organ pipe cactus. San Juan, Mexico, with its flower and livestock market is a pic- turesque place where a huge bunch of Easter lily buds may be purchased for ten cents and you may buy corsages of orchids and gardenias for half a peso — a peso is twenty-eight cents. Cortez, who came to this country in the early fifteen hundreds, was so impressed by the flowers in Mexico that he took many of them back to Spain. In due time they found their way to France and England and many of the flowers we credit to this country are really from our next door neighbor, Mexico. "I will exchange a city for a sunset, The tramp of legions for a wild wind's cry. And all the braggart thrusts of steel triumphant For one glorious sunset flaming 'gainst the sky." "WHERE MEN AND NATURE WORK TOGETHER" By Dr. Charles H. Tozier January 16, 1941 My travels have brought me from the Arctic Circle to the Argentine, all through the South Seas, searching for the finest things I can find, whether it is a garden, an animal, a flower, a thing under the sea or over the sea, and I am bringing you today pictures of the beautiful and unique things I have photographed in my search for beauty. I am going to start first at the beginning of things and give you some idea of how this most fascinating of all stories started, take you down through the Ice Age with its glaciers and show you a few of those great mountains that were thrown out of the bed of the sea and then show you how these mountains were eroded to form the soil where you plant your garden. After we see the erosion, I am going to take you into some of the great gardens of places I have been ; show you some northern gardens as far north as they grow, and some of the southern tropical gardens and flowers, wild life and the animals and birds we find there. Here is a microscopic plant — way back to the beginning of things, one of the earliest forms of plant life. This plant lives in the sea and every one is, I suppose, a living organism, each a perfect plant in itself. And the next step — you wouldn't know whether that is a plant or an animal. It grows almost like a plant but is of a very low order. The sea anemone is nothing but animal life with tenacles extending in all directions to get some of the low order of plant or animal life about it to help it in its natural existence. Going back to the first man who lived perhaps fifty or a hundred thousand years ago. Early man lived entirely on vegetables. The world, you know, was once entirely covered with water. Then a great convulsion took place and some great mountains were thrown up from the beds of the ocean. What do we find in these mountain ranges that help us in growing our plants? There is one thing, sulphur. Another thing that you need WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 29 in your soil is phosphate. This feldspar from Pike's Peak illustrates the beauty of the component parts of the soil, as you work in your garden. Other things you need in your soil are iron, silica and quartz. The finest examples of erosion in our country and perhaps in the world are found in Brice Canyon, Zion Canyon and the Grand Canyon. As the rock disintegrates various kinds of vegetable matter take their root in the crevices. As you stand out on the Great Painted Desert and you watch the sun go down, you see a masterpiece of nature you will never forget. Here are some mountain goats which live high up on the slopes of the mountains. They are very difficult to photograph because they jump around considerably. The homeliest of animals is the porcupine and one of the most stupid. A group of big horns in the Canadian Rockies. We no longer have bison in this country but there were millions of them on the western plains years ago. The bison was the largest animal in this country. Odd birds: the mother pelican goes out fishing, swallows a fish, regurgitates it and feeds it to her youngsters. These baby pelicans have no feathers. The flamingo is a common bird in the tropics and in the Florida Everglades. The peacock with its beautiful feathers fully extended is one of the most gorgeous birds in existence. Coming back to the first things we find in vegetable matter, we begin with a few trees. Here is a date palm, showing young dates; another palm, the sago palm, taken in Brazil ; royal palms bordering a garden in Rio de Janiero; palms in the Sandwich Islands; a row of palms in the Botanical Garden in Rio in which are found some of the most out- standing plants, trees and flowers in all the world. Here is a Banyan tree, five hundred feet in extent. One tree! This tree covers more area than any other tree in the world. Then in that great garden in Jamaica Plain we have some of the most beautiful azaleas and rhododendrons and one of the finest collec- tions of lilacs in the world. Peonies are a beautiful thing and with the peonies you get the iris. How many of you have ever photographed the center of the iris? Here is one as perfect as an orchid. Photograph its center in color, 30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 magnify it, and you will see the overwhelming beauty of the iris. No orchid living is more beautiful than that. For radiant brilliance of color we have poppies and some of the finest specimens of poppies are found in Mexico. In Honolulu is one of the most beautiful Christian Science churches to be found and in the back of the church are beautiful gardens with a statue of Christ in pure white marble. The greatest rock garden in this country is in Victoria, with its lovely pools, fire tree and Japanese red maples. We now go down south and into the southern gardens where we see the cypress and magnolia gardens of Charleston. Cypress trees stand in water with Spanish moss hanging from their branches and everywhere flowers in profusion. Here is a photograph of the great gardens of the Bok tower, with the tower which is made of Georgia stone. This lovely picture was taken on a moonlight night while the old fashioned hymns of child- hood were being played, an experience which holds one spellbound. Around the tomb of Edward Bok, one-time editor of the Saturday Evening Post, azaleas and rhododendrons bloom in their season and later come some very extraordinary roses of a bluish-red hue. Bok lived by one axiom which is a good one for everyone. "So live your life that when you pass to the great beyond this world has been made better and more beautiful because you have lived in it." Now, that is what you do in a flower garden. You make the world a better and more beautiful place because you have worked in your garden. IN THE VALLEY OF THE ROSES, IN BULGARIA || * By Irina Khrabroff, New York City 11 January 23, 1941 It is wonderful to be able to speak to you today about one of the most magnificent natural gardens in the world and to go to a spot that is still peaceful and still lovely and where history and the prejudices that have occurred there in the past are far enough removed to have a certain veil of romance and glamor about them. . fo Now, some people will talk to you about the psychology of escape when in times like these we speak about the beauty of flowers and the beauty of nature. Escape truly it is, yet I don't like the word and I don't like the use of it. It suggests cowardice and running away from something. We need now to center on things that are beautiful, on D things that carry messages to us from a beautiful past rather than to kr dwell on the horrors of today. So I am going to speak to you today about the Valley of the Roses. The Valley of the Roses lies between the Balkan range and another vo mountain range called the Middle mountains of Bulgaria. It is a very tiny piece of land, only about eighty-five miles long and twenty-five or thirty miles wide and yet it is the metropolis of the rose world. So, even though we usually associate the rose industry with southern France or the Far East, this has changed now. France does not grow more than one-fifth of what Bulgaria grows and all the production of the Far East, from the point of view of attar of roses, is quite negligible. The Bulgarian peasant is the supreme master of the soil. Even now, thousands of Bulgarian gardeners leave their country every spring to am go all over Europe to grow things the native population is not able to jn grow. The Bulgarians all pride themselves on becoming masters of whatever they do, whether it is craftsmanship or whether it is horticul- ture. Attar of roses is one of the results of this amazing craftsmanship. The culture of roses came to Bulgaria from the East. It was brought by merchants who noticed the wonderful climatic conditions of the Valley of Roses. The story is told that in the 17th century a Turkish Wa WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 33 merchant was traveling through the Valley of Roses when he noticed the abundance of roses and it occurred to him that perhaps here was the ideal climate to cultivate the rose which was grown at that time, com- mercially, in the East. So from Syria and other parts at that time dominated by the Turks came the skill first of growing the rose and all the utensils for distilling the rose oil as well. The rose was very important in the culture of the Greeks and Romans but with the advent of the Christian religion it lost some of its reputation because of its association with Pagan religion. Later it regained it and once again became important even in Christian rituals. When roses were first produced commercially for their oil it was found it was in this little Valley of the Roses in Bulgaria where condi- tions were especially good for the production of attar and I am going to take you to this valley and show you how these roses are grown and how the attar is obtained. Two kinds of roses grow in the Valley of the Roses. One is the Damascus rose and the other Rosa Alba, a European rose very well known in the world of antiquity. The Damascus rose is not a very interesting rose and not very fragrant. Evidently the perfume contained in the Damascus rose produces richer oil and is considered to be more volatile, but the Rosa Alba is sturdier and therefore grown just as much. These rose bushes bear for about twenty years but the best time of bearing is about ten years and they often have as many as twenty blossoms on one branch. The rows are planted about six feet apart and three feet between every bush, and they grow as high as six or seven feet. At harvest time, peasants bring in the roses in little carts, in burlap bags. One of the conditions of a place where roses can be grown suc- cessfully is that during the harvest time there should be a heavy dew and the roses must be picked before the dew is dry, so all this is done in the early morning. The peasant gets about four cents for two and a half pounds of roses and probably out of five acres he gets from 120 to 150 dollars for his rose petals. The distilling process in the Valley of the Roses is still very primi- tive. The rose petals must be distilled within twenty-four hours after they are gathered and since the harvest lasts only about two or three weeks elaborate buildings are not necessary. 34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 The petals are distilled in huge brass caldrons placed over stoves. These caldrons are filled to the top with rose petals, a pail of water is put in and a big brass cover clamped down over them. Then with the fire below the steam soon escapes and is cooled in special condensers and finally gathered in other vessels. The rose oil appears on the top and is taken off. This skimming process is now controlled by the gov- ernment so that when you buy Bulgarian oil you may be sure it is unadulterated. For pure oil from the very best type of rose grown, the Bulgarian oil is the most valuable, the most expensive. It is worth anywhere from $7.50 to $17.00 an ounce and the market is very unstable and very speculative. The traditional connection between roses and blood seems to run through the poetry of all people. "Where blooms the rose or tulip bed, There crimson blood of kings was shed." That legend that clings so persistently to the rose seems to be justified when you think of the Valley of the Roses. This little Eden was the center of one of the most gory tragedies of the 19th century when the Bulgarians revolted against the Turks, when many massacres of peaceful Bulgarian people occurred and then finally Russia sent an army to defend her little Slavic sister nation and liberated Bulgaria, in 1877, in the famous Russian-Turkish campaign. GARDEN HIGHLIGHTS" By Ruth P. Merry and Percy L. Merry, Newton Highlands, Mass. January 30, 1941 In these days of unrest and uncertainty it is rather nice to find one place where we can receive inspiration from flowers. Of course, you can't go out in your garden now but we can give you this inspiration on the screen. Of course you planted your bulbs for your spring garden last Fall and right now you are planning for your garden this next summer. There is one flower with which we can make a very beautiful show and that is the Narcissus, there are so many varieties of it. Mr. John Russell of Dedham has over two hundred varieties and over one hun- dred thousand bulbs in his planting. Mr. Russell is a native of the north of Ireland and over there some of the wealthy people have large plantings of Narcissus and it was always his dream to have this garden. The narcissus is really in the orchid class, in one way. It takes seven years to get a blossom after you plant your seed, the span being just as great as in an orchid. Trillium is very easy to naturalize. You don't have to feed it very much; just let it alone. When we see wisteria, we generally see it trained up over a trellis or in some sort of a canopy effect. It may also be successfully planted on a terrace and allowed to sprawl. The effect one gets from the more vivid shades of Azalea is like that of a forest fire and you get the same effect in the Fall because the foliage turns to a beautiful rose and orange color. There are many varieties of Azaleas, if you are interested in them at all, with all shades of rose, pink, white, yellow and orchid. Many of you are fond of the Iris and most everyone likes the purple and blue-purple ones. They are trying nowadays to get blue Iris. Irises are not supposed to be blue at all. There are perfectly good blue Delphiniums and they are trying now to get pink Delphiniums. Of WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 37 course, the ultimate, I think, of any gardener is hybridizing. We all want to see if we cannot get some flower that is better than any other flower. Mrs. Sturtevant of Wellesley Hills is one of the pioneers in hybridiz- ing. Several years ago she had more Irises to her credit than any other grower and was given the Marshall Foster plaque for her outstanding work in the growing of Irises. The Siberian Iris should be planted in a place where it is going to stay for a while because it is so difficult to transplant. After they get going you really have to take an axe to get them apart. In our severe New England winters it is sometimes difficult to get all our favorite roses to live over, but Mr. Brownell of Rhode Island has hybridized some sub-zero varieties which will live in a climate forty degrees below zero. Of course, roses need very good treatment. They need to be fed very richly. Mr. Brownell's roses have been planted through an old orchard and many of the tops have been cut down and the roses allowed to climb up the trunks, which makes a beautiful effect. Peruvian lilies are very nice to use in your garden, if you can get them to live. They are not too hardy but if you can once get them going you want to look out for them because they run along the ground and are liable to come up anywhere. All kinds of lilies have a very definite place in your garden. They sort of lend it an aristocratic air. When you plant the bulbs you want to be sure to plant them eight inches deep anyway and put a little gravel or sand in the bottom, for drainage. Most bulbs do better if they are planted in the Fall. Did you ever think why white flowers are always sweet smelling? The mission of life of the flower is to perpetuate itself. It has to have something to attract bees and butterflies, therefore if they don't have color, they have scent. Japanese Anemone is another flower which is very nice to have in your garden. However, it has to be very carefully covered and it has to be planted in a very sheltered place, otherwise it will not live over — but it is worth while. Now we get to the Chrysanthemum season. People are not satisfied to have Chrysanthemums bloom in the Fall. They now hybridize them 38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 so they will start to bloom in August, although the nicest ones bloom in the Fall. In order to get good bloom on a Chrysanthemum, pinch them back until about the first of July, pinch them back about three times. Gardeners never use old material. They take cuttings and make small plants and keep inching them back and by Fall you have these huge bushy plants just filled with flowers of perfectly gorgeous colors. The Chrysanthemum, you know, has a composite head and therefore thousands of seeds from one head and you can see how many different varieties it is possible to obtain from hybridizing. 3N < w p o X z W w a w a 2 Z c/3 MARVELS OF NATURE By Mrs. Anne Leonard February 6, 1941 Marvels of Nature are constantly around us. In summer, the trees are covered with foliage — in winter, the beauty of the bark stands out against the snow which lies on the ground like a great tuft of down, with every pine and fir and hemlock ridged inch deep with pearl. Apple trees remind us of Joyce Kilmer's poem "Trees," for the apple tree in summer certainly does "Wear a nest of robins in her hair" and what an exquisite jewel for any tree to wear! Besides the beauty found in flowers and trees, we find it in natural scenery. Montmorency Falls, just above Quebec, are always admired; likewise the lovely Silver Cascade in our own White Mountains, lovely because of its setting of rocks and trees. The Old Man of the Moun- tain, in New Hampshire, is familiar to us all and it is no wonder that the Indians long ago worshipped this figure as a god, so mysterious must this great stone figure have seemed to them, so closely resembling a human face. Driving around the Gaspe Peninsula, we find the oldest exposed rocks in North America. Years ago these were high mountains and today they are mere hummocks. The rock strata has been so destroyed that in some places it is horizontal instead of vertical. Near Denver, Colorado, is a huge natural auditorium formed by three great walls in a lovely red color and an audience, while waiting for a performance to begin, can watch the change of light and color in the rock wall in the rays of the setting sun. The Cathedral Rock, also in Colorado, is beautiful because of its variety of soft coloring and in Douglas, Colorado, away from the beaten tourist track, is a natural bridge of rock, one of the wonders of Nature. Aside from its majestic grandeur it has marvelous colors with the water flowing beneath it and enough trees and shrubs to furnish a natural setting. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 4l The Fairy Stones of Virginia are unique and appear in the form of crosses. Fragments of these stones are made into pendants and watch charms, the wearers of these stones believing they will be blessed with good fortune. The roadsides in Colorado and Wyoming are covered with wild flowers and the Indian Paint Brush grows in profusion, brightening up the landscape with its brilliant color, together with Columbine in the shady places in a variety of yellow, blue and white. Sometimes an old forest can be seen which seems to have fallen in its tracks and a new forest coming up to take its place. The ground is covered with gentians, now so rare in this part of the country. Along the trail up Cascade Canyon bunch berries grow along with wild Hollyhocks and Rose Girardia, an uncommon and very lovely bloom. For the second nature trail we go further north in the Rockies to Glacier National Park. Wild life has increased to a great extent in all our national parks and at Many Glaciers Hotel, wild deer can be seen grazing on the lawn of the hotel in the evening. Across St. Mary's Lake can be seen Red Eagle Mountain with its purple-red rock which gives the mountain its beauty of color and further along in Logan Pass we find such flowers as Blue Monks Head, the Mountain Raspberry, Cow Parsnips and various wood lilies growing together. The really thrilling adventure is to come upon the Mariposa Lily which has now been practically exterminated by careless picking on the part of tourists. The ice in the alpine regions, over eight thousand feet high, is con- stantly melting from the glaciers and forming narrow rivulets, and in these glacial mountains and valleys Blue Bells are found in a great many varieties as well as wild Delphiniums. The trees in this region grow straight and tall but approaching the timber line they become twisted and distorted from the fury of the gales and many of them are found almost prostrate, crouching as if to protect themselves. Banff, in the Canadian Rockies, is a wonderland of beauty and of course the climax of a trip through the Banff National Park is Lake Louise. The Victoria glacier is almost too perfect a scene as mountains rise symetrically on all sides of the glacier and in the center lies the turquoise blue lake named for Queen Victoria. The blue color of the water is due to glacial silt. DUTCH AND ENGLISH GARDENS By Mr. George A. Yarwood, Salem, Mass. February 13, 1941 Way back in 1938, we decided if we were going to see English gardens we had better hurry up and it has since proved we were right. We went over on the Washington and we stopped off in England long enough to make arrangements to buy a car and then went on to Holland. Originally, we had thought we would spend a week-end in Holland and see the tulips in bloom, but the more we read about the country the more it seemed a week-end wasn't enough, so we stretched that week-end into about ten days. There are eight million people in Holland and three and a half million of them ride bicycles. We found they had not only the single- seater type but bicycles built for two. Now, because Holland is small, the gardens are small and I think that is the thing that appeals to the American people. The Dutch people love flowers and as a result they have them everywhere. Because their gardens are small they have had the good sense to design them in a more or less formal manner. No picture of Holland is complete without windmills, although they have, in fact, outlived their usefulness. The town of Sparkenberge makes a lovely picture with the older houses on one side of the street and the newer ones on the other and in the distance ships at anchor. We went down to Delft and saw the Westminster of Holland and some of the shops lining the square. Delft is built on piles, very much like Venice. When we got back to England we picked up our little automobile which was sort of an ambulated perambulator. The roads are very narrow and the gardens for the most part are in the most out-of-the-way places. They want privacy and they get it. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 43 We went to England with the idea of studying gardens. We had only a short time and we thought we would rather concentrate in that one country. In the English garden one feature that strikes us is the flower border. To begin with, the flower border is as long as they can possibly make it. They also make it as wide as is practical, varying anywhere from six feet to as much as twenty-five, although that seemed to be too much, and the reason why it should be long is that by having a long border you have got enough room to really make a pattern of the planting count. In the long border in the Hampden Court Gardens I was interested in the fact that they used Baby's Breath at regular intervals along the border during the early summer. Earlier in the season they had used Oriental Poppies to get regular rhythm to the planting which was very effective. They don't have to wait three years, in other words, for a garden to reach its maturity. It is ready the first season. The plant materials are no different than any we are familiar with, unless it is they use a lot of plants we sometimes call weeds. The English use ordinary mullen, which is a common enough variety in the fields of this country. They also use asters, meadow rue and delphinium but the plants themselves are no different. They simply use them a little bit better, which seems to be the key to their success with a flower border. It is wide enough so they can plant things in it and have a succession of bloom and, in order to insure that success, they are not afraid to use annuals and bulbs to augment their perennials. The climate of England is very moist and is much better than ours for growing plants. We discovered at Whitehall the sentries don't stand still like wooden Indians but have a very complicated process of change to go through. Buckingham Palace is not very good for photographic purposes because it is always in shadow. The English have developed the art of growing plants and clipping them into unusual and grotesque shapes. The trees have to be clipped about four times a year and one sees figures and animals of all sorts. All good English gardens have kitchen gardens and in them you find the best flower borders. They have to have a path so they make their path right through the center of the garden, but as a rule a nice broad 44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 path with a border of flowers on each side and frequently ordinary fruit trees are used as a background. The garden of St. Catherine's Court was built in Elizabethan times when a great many Italians were being imported to the country and they strongly influenced the feeling of the gardens. We visited Scotland and found the Scottish lakes far more interesting than the English lakes had been. They are surrounded by beautiful mountains and have lovely cloud effects. The hills are almost treeless but are covered with rock and bracken and heather. We came back to London and stood on the Bridge and took a picture of Westminster Abbey and sailed from Southampton, back home. FLOWER ARRANGEMENT By Mrs. Anson Howe Smith February 20, 1941 So much has been said and written about the subject of flower arrangement that it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a safe and sane attitude of mind. My own garden club women have been taking this whole subject entirely too hard. I don't mean too seriously, because a study of design is a life study, and you can take it as seriously as you like, but don't take it so hard that you lose all the fun and personal pleasure that you should get out of it. There are several points of difference between a flower show and a flower arrangement in your own home. A flower arrangement in a flower show is a studied thing in which you want a great deal of detail. In your own home flowers are there to be looked at for themselves alone, they are a motif in the design of your room, a part of the whole rather than the whole in itself. For that reason you have to keep them a great deal more simple to make them effective. Whether you are making an arrangement in your own home or in a flower show, have some sort of idea of what your room needs. You may also begin to get your idea from the material itself. In using your material, think to yourself what is the special beauty of this material? It may be texture; it may be the beauty of line. Design isn't something you can learn merely by studying about it. It is something you must respond to, there must be something within you that responds to the rhythm of line and to color and to form. In making an arrangement, whether it is in your home or in a flower show, you are working toward a certain goal, something that you want to accomplish in the end ; and that is a feeling of unity. You don't want it to be a bunch of flowers and a vase. You want it to be a flower arrangement; in other words, a perfect poem. Now, unity in itself isn't quite enough, because you get unity in a row of fence posts, but the moment you put a gate in the row of fence posts you have broken the unity, and you have also broken the monot- WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 47 ony; you have variety within your unity. You must have sufficient variety and contrast, which are the same thing, to keep your arrange- ments from being too monotonous. It is where you put one color in relation to the other that carries the line along. Another thing, you have a certain space to fill. You have to con- sider the size and space of your arrangement in relation to the space you have to fill. You want your arrangement as a whole to dominate that space. You want it to be the most important thing in that space. That is what artists call "Filling space." Your flowers should dominate over the container. Now, that isn't to be written down, to never allow it to be otherwise. However, in a flower arrangement, where we are trying to set off the natural beauty of the flowers, it seems to me the flowers themselves should be the important part of the arrangement. In modernistic arrangements, it might be the other way round, but one or the other has got to be dominant. Remember the principle and don't accept any rule until you are sure what principle it is based upon, because principles don't change. We have been changing the rules from year to year but the principles are something you can definitely tie to. Now, another consideration is the study of the space between the flowers, the little bits of the background that show through. Now, those spaces are just as much a part of the design as the space occupied by the arrangement itself. If you are using any feathery material such as heather, use it where it acts as a foil, where you want a little soften- ing of the silhouette. Focus is another factor to remember and simply means that one part of your arrangement should be more important than any other part so that it will hold your eye. Balance is also very necessary because no one finds anything aesthet- ically satisfying if it looks as if it was going to tip over. Balance is simply something you have to feel and a knowledge of it will help you increase your own feeling about it. What does rhythm in flower arrangement mean? It means something moving, it means movement but it also implies rest. All forms of rhythm have poise and rest, and rhythm in flower arrangement means that it is the eye that does the moving, not the flower. Your eye must be compelled to move easily and agreeably through the arrangement. 48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 Maybe by means of line, possibly by means of color or by means of form, your eye reaches the focal center of interest, which is a nice place for your eye to rest. But it must not stay there because it is equally unpleasant to be stuck there where you can't get out. Now, it isn't always necessary to have a definite focal point. It simply means that you have to have some part of the arrangement that is stronger than any other. This word "always" is really a mistake because so often you can violate the rules, but you can never violate the prin- ciples. The thing that matters is whether or not the principle is violated, not the rule. Gladioli are a very much misused and abused material. We have them with us now all the year round and they are very handsome in form and have a very exciting color range, and it is a pity more people don't understand how to use them. Now, gladioli, like snap-dragons, grow on long, unexciting stems, but the chief beauty is the blossom. Why not cut off part of the stem so that we may have the depth and richness of the blossom? The charm of flowers in your home is partly in their freshness and nothing is more displeasing than to see someone take a dozen gladioli and put them in a tall vase and leave them there until they die on their feet. The use of Yucca leaves in place of the Gladioli foliage makes an arrangement a little more interesting and it is also quite distinctive foliage to use all by itself and with other green leaves. More unfortunate things have been done with a dozen roses than you can imagine. There is nothing the matter with roses. I have been very much shocked to hear that someone judging a flower show said, "We won't consider the ones with the roses because roses aren't a smart flower." Roses don't have to be smart. They have enough per- sonal charm to go anywhere. They are just themselves and that is all they have to be. Most people won't let them be themselves. They take a dozen roses and jam them into a vase with the foliage all going up, thus losing all their horizontal quality and losing all the beauty of the rose itself. Another thing I have heard people say is that you can never arrange flowers in silver. That is another one of those arbitrary things. There is silver and silver and silver. Some is harsh in texture and not a good WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 49 texture for flowers, it is a little too insistent on domination. But some modern silver, if it is good in shape and not too highly polished, makes a very lovely foil for some flowers, and particularly for roses. In buying roses, remember to get them in varying lengths. There is no point in getting all the tall ones and paying very much more for them and then cutting off some of the stems. Of course, if someone sends them to you they might feel hurt if you cut all the stems off. Don't be afraid to cut them if you feel they are going to be far more beautiful short than long. Now, in closing, I want to say a word about color because I think that is the thing we are rather bewildered about. It is all very well to find out a little about scientific color but, on the other hand, no matter how much you study it, it won't do you much good unless you have this inner feeling for color rhythm. Personally I prefer to think of colors in the words of Christopher Ward. He said: "From the faintest murmur of pearl grey, through the fluttering of blue, the oboe note of violet, the cool clear wood wind of green, the mellow piping of yellow, the bass of brown, the bugle call of scarlet, the sounding brass of orange — these colors are music." ANNUAL REUNION March 20, 1941 President and Mrs. Converse, Reverend and Mrs. Clement Hahn and Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence McCoy received members and guests of the Society at 6.30 p.m. The Library, where the reception was held, was fragrant with the sweetness of cut Easter Lilies which were used as decoration throughout the room. Mr. Lunt, again acting as caterer, served an excellent roast beef dinner, with ice cream appropriately molded in the pattern of flowers and fruit for dessert. The divine blessing was invoked by Reverend Clement Hahn, Pastor of Bethany Congregational Church and Hadwen Park Congregational Church, in Worcester. Following the dinner President Converse extended a greeting to the assembled guests, as follows: "We are gathered at this reunion which is an annual occasion. This year it comes midway between the Centennial of the organization of our Society and the year of its incorporation. The fiftieth anniversary was observed in 1892, fifty years from the date of incorporation. So we are waiting for the coming year to give these events due recognition. "When in Holland six years ago it was my privilege to meet a man who represented the Government. We were there with the New York Horticultural Society and they entertained us in many ways. This man told me that his father had had correspondence with the Secretary of this Society some years previous. When I returned home and searched the Library I found it to be so. It was at the time this Society observed its Fiftieth Anniversary and Edward Winslow Lincoln, who was the Secretary, had corresponded with these people in Holland. I found it interesting to meet the son of a man who had these facts so clearly in his mind. "But I wasn't really chosen for orator of this occasion. We are privileged to have with us this evening a man who has filled a large place in this community in recent years. He is the pastor of two churches, the Bethany Congregational Church and the Hadwen Park WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 51 Congregational Church, and he will speak to us on a subject which I haven't yet discussed with him. We will see how near he comes to it. I have just written it down — 'His impressions of the sphere of useful- ness of this Society in the community.' Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Hahn." Mr. Hahn's address was as follows: "Mr. Converse, I am so overwhelmed and taken aback by this unusual subject that I hardly know where to begin. I am well aware of the existence of this institution and especially after being here tonight and hearing about it and seeing so many people gathered on this occasion. I notice that some of you are beginning to get a little sleepy. I don't blame you a bit because I know the repast of which you have just par- taken probably has hit the spot where it sort of makes you drowsy and if you do fall asleep, I'm not going to hold it against you. "I remember so well hearing of Dr. Hutton, that fine minister of England, who, one Sunday morning came into his pulpit and walking out in front of the congregation looked down and found there was a man sitting in the front pew, sound asleep. Dr. Hutton began in this way. He said: 'Ladies and gentlemen, I haven't anything to say about a man who goes to sleep when I am speaking because if he falls asleep when I am speaking I feel it is my fault, but there is a man here this morning who is taking unfair advantage of me. He is asleep before I even begin.' "It is a good deal like that minister who got up in the pulpit one morning and looked over the congregation and noticed that a number of people in the congregation were nodding and when he went home he said 'I guess everybody enjoyed my sermon this morning, everybody was nodding.' "I didn't bring a manuscript along and that reminds me also of a minister who got up in his pulpit one morning and said: 'My friends, I have part of my service here,' and he began to read for ten minutes. Then he stopped and he said, 'I can't go any further because I find my dog chewed up the rest of my sermon this morning.' When the service was over and he descended from the pulpit and went around to the door a couple of laymen from a neighboring church were there and they said, 'Brother, we would like a word with you for a minute.' He 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 said, 'What is it?' 'Well,' they said, 'We would like to know if that dog of yours has any pups.' "Now I would be presumptuous tonight if I were to get out of the field with which I am so well acquainted. I have been preaching for over twenty years and I shall stick to the familiar. I want to talk for a few minutes on the subject of religion. I find it is rather adaptable. It goes through stages of change. It can be one thing for one time and another thing for another time. "Two toads one night found themselves in a milk can and one toad said to the other toad I never can stay up all night and swim. I am losing my strength now. I feel as if I am going to drown.' The other toad said 'You can drown if you want to, I am going to keep on paddling.' So that one toad drowned and the other kept on paddling and when the farmer came out in the morning he found that toad sitting right on top of a lump of butter. "Now, it is true that religion takes different forms and different shades at different times. I think just now we have been through a period when religion has been the sort of thing that you followed because it has been safe and easy. It has been the thing to do. We have grown up with it. Perhaps we have inherited it. Some of our ancestors were very fond of the church and you know if 'Absence makes the heart grow fonder' there must be a lot of people that are fond of the church. I don't feel too serious tonight so you will forgive me if I keep on in this vein because I don't want to get you people feeling like you do Sunday mornings, that is, those of you who don't go to church. "I think that religion goes through these periods and we have been through a period when it has been rather an easy thing to be religious. It has been easy because it hasn't demanded any hardness or self-denial so some of us have been religious in that sense. We send our children to the public school in the morning and they are there all morning and they get rid of them at noon and we have the boy and girl problem all afternoon when the other nations of the world are insisting that their children shall go to school all morning and all afternoon in order that they shall be equipped mentally and intelligently for the battles of life. This softness has worked its way through the whole of our national life even to such an extent that today we look upon the farmer as one having a job that isn't as high as it ought to be; we have looked upon 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 these positions as being on the lower scale of social life. Any position that demanded hard manual labor has been rather frowned upon and we have sought to put our family and ourselves and our relatives into positions of ease when we should have been putting each other into positions of hardness where we could face difficulty and hardship. "Now, religion has all been a part of this inheritance of ours. 1 think of the picture that I like to look at. It is a picture which was first made on a copper engraving. It is a picture of the Prodigal Son by a German. It was carved about the middle part of the Sixteenth Century. The artist, Durer, was born in 1471 and died in 1528. There is the picture of the Prodigal Son on his knees and he happens to be near a trough which has been cut out of a tree which has been split in two and there are the hogs on this side, some of them eating and some not eating. Those who are not eating are trying to root those who are eating away. You see the slanting roofs and you see the tower and you see the upturned rock and there in the midst of all this is a man on his knees. The Prodigal Son is what Durer is trying to picture for us and he seems to come to himself and realize that life has more in it than living with the swine. In other words, his physical condition brings him to the point where he realizes he would like to do something different. "Then I would like to put with that another picture that is quite familiar to you. That is the statue that was made by Rodin who was born in 1840 and died in 1917. I like to look at that other picture of his, "The Thinker," for there you find a man with ambition, giving much of his time and thought, perhaps, to what this is all about. But the Prodigal Son which Rodin has sculptured for us is a different type. There is a man sitting on a log and he hasn't a thing on. You can see the muscles in his legs, you can see him with his hands reaching toward Heaven, you can see the tenseness of his face and you can almost feel his appeal, for Rodin is trying to picture here a man who is coming to himself. "Now if you take those two pictures and put them side by side I think you have there a little bit of the history of our present generation. I think you have there the fact that we feel, many of us, that we have gone through this period of rather riotous living and we have now come to the place where we have to steel ourselves to something that is far more difficult in the days to come. This philosophy will run through WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1941 55 the whole of American life within the next few years for we have to face it if we carry on the job that we have undertaken today and that will become very much a part of our religion. Keeping in mind the two pictures of the Prodigal Son we are awaking to the fact that there is much to be done. "The story is told of a group of people who wanted to visit that church in Copenhagen in which there were thirteen of the outstanding pieces of statuary that had been made by a native son who for twenty- three years had studied with the great artists of Germany, Italy and Austria. Twelve figures were set in the walls of that church and in the center was the figure of Christ. The party was gathered there for one purpose and that is they wanted to see the work of this artist. As they stood in the dim sunlight which came through the windows of the church there was an old lady who had met them at the door and she watched them for a while and finally she picked out a young girl and she said: 'My dear, I would like to take you to a place where you can see the figure of Christ much better than where you are now stand- ing.' So she took hold of the hand of the little girl and led her over to this place and she said, 'Now, if you will kneel down and look up to the face of Christ you will see what I mean.' "I think we are now in the position where as a nation and as indi- viduals we are looking up to the face of Christ for that inspiration and encouragement which, come to a man who realizes he has come to the place in the road where he must make a great decision and that decision is that he shall move onward and upward and that the things of religion shall mean far more to him from now on than they have in the past. I thank you very much." At the conclusion of Reverend Mr. Hahn's address the guests adjourned to the Auditorium where Lawrence McCoy presented an illustrated lecture covering his round-the-world trip several years ago, which included in particular many beautiful and interesting pictures of life in India and the East Indies. Dancing followed, with music by Dol Brissette's orchestra. INDEX Page Officers and Committees 2 Reports President's Address 5 Secretary's Report Spring Exhibition 9 Treasurer's Report 12 Librarian's Report 15 Judge of Fruit 18 Judge of Vegetables 20 Finance Committee 22 Lectures Gardens from Maine to Mexico 24 "Where Men and Nature Work Together" .... 28 In the Valley of the Roses, in Bulgaria 32 "Garden Highlights" 36 Marvels of Nature 40 Dutch and English Gardens 42 Flower Arrangement 46 Annual Reunion 50 SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS Offered by the Worcester County Horticultural Society Horticultural Building 30 Elm Street Worcester, Mass. For the year 1941 THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL The Davis Press, Worcester OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY For the Year 1941 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS MRS. HOMER GAGE, Worcester, Mass. S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, No. Grafton, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester LIBRARIAN MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester Joseph A. Allen William Anderson Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter Albert W. Schneider Myron S. Wheeler Mrs. Mary A. White Ernest P. Bennett Harry Harrison, 1941 John H. Brooks, Jr., 1941 trustees: Auburn Still River Sutton Clinton Clinton Boylston Boylston Shrewsbury Shrewsbury Auburn West Boylston Clinton Berlin Holden Worcester Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Willis E. Cary J. Frank Cooper Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Florence C. Emory Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Ernest Hansen Allen W. Hixon Allyne W. Hixon Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs H. Ward Moore Harry I. Randall Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story Leslie E. Winter Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Leonard C. Midgley, 1942 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Walter S. Young, 1942 Myron F. Converse, 1943 Earl T. Harper, 1943 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary William Anderson Florence E. Field Librarian S. Lothrop Davenport J. Frank Cooper ON NOMENCLATURE Mrs. Amy W. Smith Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney Leonard C. Midgley ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Joseph A. Allen Mrs. William W. Taft Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Leonard C. Midgley President, Myron F. Converse H. Ward Moore Harry C. Midgley Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Mrs. Florence E. Field Allyne W. Hixon Charles Potter Secretary, Herbert R. Kinney AUDITORS H. Ward Moore Elizabeth R. Bishop Allen W. Hixon S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey William Anderson Arthur H. Bellows JUDGES Plants and Flowers: William Anderson, Still River Fruit: S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester MEDAL COMMITTEE Myron F. Converse, Chairman Edward W. Breed Allen W. Hixon ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Herbert P. Emory Albert H. Inman Leonard C. Midgley H. Ward Moore Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society. 2. Every Exhibit entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named. 3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc. 4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number. 5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous. 6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded. 7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender. 8. All articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange- ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 9 o'clock. 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worces= ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule. 10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building. 4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted. 12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. 13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable. 14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as " Pippin,' ' " Sweeting, " " Green- ing, " etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated. 15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested. 16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity. 17. iy The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties. 18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respecting their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule. 19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium. 1941] RULES AND REGULATIONS 5 The maximum prize for Vases, Standards, and Baskets shall be two dollars. 20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society. 21. U. P. Hendrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Totty's Catalogue to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges. 22. No artificial plants, flowers, or foliage preserved by any process shall be exhibited at any show of this Society, except for a special purpose and with the consent of the show management. 23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur. Scale of Points Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers. — Arrangement 30 points Quality of blooms 40 " Number of varieties 15 " Properly named 15 " Lilies. — Size and color of bloom 35 points Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem 35 " Arrangement 15 " Properly named 15 a Displays. — Arrangement 40 points Quality 45 « Variety 15 * Collections. — Quality 45 points Arrangement 25 u Variety 30 « Table Decoration. — Quality of flowers 45 points Arrangement 25 " Proportion 15 " Harmony of flowers with accessories 15 " 6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 Special Funds OF THE Worcester County Horticultural Society The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for the purchase of books. 1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple culture. 1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00. Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County. In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers. 1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00. Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables. 1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00. Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society. 1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. 1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. 1939. The Coulson Fund. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables 1941 lyTHE Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12. 12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose. Special Rules 1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of which will be taken by the judges in awarding the premiums. 2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature. 3. in all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed. By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants. Spring Exhibition Thursday, March 6, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, March 7, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, March 8, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, March 9, 12 m. to 9 p. m. Notify Secretary four weeks in advance for space All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday Class I Garden Displays 1150.00 Glass II Plant Displays Class III Rock Gardens 50.00 Class IV Cut Flowers 75.00 Class V Fruit 75.00 Class VI Vegetables 75.00 Class VII Carnations 75.00 Worcester Garden Club Exhibit Thursday, April 24 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 1. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.00 Table Decorations. — No. 2. Oblong table laid for four covers 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No restrictions. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Carnations, fifty carnations in a basket. — A. Basket of white Basket of dark pink Basket of light pink Basket of any other color Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Plant Displays. — No. 3. Plants in Bloom and Foliage Plants. Sixty dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 4. For any variety, eight dollars may be used for prizes. Parsnip, twelve specimens. — Frederick A. Blake Fund No. 5. Hollow Crown No. 6. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 7. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. — No. 8. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Radish. — No. 9. Two bunches. Six in each bunch 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 10. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 May Exhibition Thursday, May 15 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 11. Display, flowering shrubs permissible. 24 square feet. 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 12. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Wild Flowers, fifteen vases. — No. 13. Not more than five stems in a vase. No duplicates 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Spring Bulbs, open culture. — No. 14. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 Pansy. — No. 15. Twenty vases, one flower with foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Zonale Geraniums, in bloom, not smaller than 6-inch pots.— No. 16. Four plants 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Table Decorations, Spring Flowers. — No. 17. Round table, laid for four covers. Roses prohibited. No other restrictions. No- tify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Plant Displays. — No. 18. For exhibits — no restrictions as to where grown or by whom, $60.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11 Calendula. — No. 19. Arranged in Bowl or Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 Dandelion. — No. 20. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. — No. 21. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Spinach. — No. 22. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50 Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. — No. 23. Globe 1.50 1.00 .50 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 24. LinnaBUS 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 25. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Onion. — No. 26. Two bunches, six in each bunch 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Iris Exhibition Thursday, June 12 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Iris, German. — No. 27. Display 7.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 No. 28. Twenty vases, three stems in a vase preferably named 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 29. Basket 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Cut Flowers. — No. 30. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Azalea. — No. 31. Display in vases 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Rhododendron. — No. 32. Displays in vases 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Peonies. — No. 33. Vase or Basket 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 Lupinus. — No. 34. Vase 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Roses. — No. 35. Vase of Roses. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Zonale Geraniums. — No. 36. Twenty vases, one truss in each 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. — No. 37. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cucumber. — No. 38. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Spinach. — No. 39. One-half peck 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 13 Rhubarb, twelve stalks. No. 40. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Beet.— No. 41. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce. No. 42. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Onion.— No. 43. Two bunches, six each 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 8 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING: 9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule. 10. After the articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building. 14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as "Pippin," "Sweeting,11 "Greening " etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society^ premiums until reinstated. Peony Exhibition Thursday, June 19 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 44. From hardy plants and shrubs outdoor culture, to be named 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Wild Flowers, fifteen vases. — No. 45. Not more than five stems in a vase. No duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Siberian Iris. — No. 46. Medium basket 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Roses. — No. 47. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 48. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding ten blooms 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Peonies. — No. 49. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 50. Twenty vases, one flower in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Foxglove. — No. 51. Vase of twelve spikes 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Aquilegia. — No. 52. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Begonia. — No. 53. Four plants in bloom 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 54. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Rhubarb, twelve stalks. — No. 55. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 26, open from 3 to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock Roses. — No. 56. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 57. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, out- door culture 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No. 58. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 59. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor culture 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 No. 60. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes. No. 61. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 62. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 63. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 64. Display of cut climbing roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes No. 65. Basket of roses 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund B. Table decoration of roses, oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers grown by exhibitors 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 50 1 . 00 .50 16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 Peonies. — No. 66. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Aquilegia. — No. 67. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund Hardy Flowers, to be named. — C. Display of outdoor varieties 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 68. Howard No. 17 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 69. Culver 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 70. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 7 1 . New varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 72. Fairfax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 73. Four baskets of strawberries, any variety 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 No. 74. Display, strawberries 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cherry, one quart. — No. 75. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pea, one-half peck. — No. 76. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 77. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce, six heads. — No. 78. Big Boston Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 3 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 79. Display 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 80. Basket 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). — No. 81. Twelve vases, three stems in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Campanula. — No. 82. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Delphinium. — No. 83. One vase,, not more than twelve spikes 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Roses. — No. 84. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Peonies. — No. 85. Vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney D. Table Decorations. Round table laid for four covers 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. * * * Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 86. Howard No. 17 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 87. Dorset 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 88. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 89. Collections, not more than six varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 90. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Cherry, one quart. — No. 91. Black Tartarian 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 92. Gov. Wood 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 93. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 94. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Beet.— No. 95. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Carrot. — No. 96. Two bunches, six in each 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Pea, one-half peck. No. 97. Gradus 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 98. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cucumber, three specimens. — No. 99. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 10 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 100. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 101. Small display 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year. Basket. — No. 102. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Japanese Iris. — No. 103. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 104. Ten vases, one stem in a vase, preferably named 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Delphinium. — No. 105. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Lilium Candidum. — No. 106. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Lilium Regale. — No. 107. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Wild Flowers, no duplicates. — No. 108. Fifteen vases, not more than five stems in a vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Roses. — No. 109. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Strawberry, twenty-four berries. — No. 110. Downing's Bride 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 111. Ten dollars maybe used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction. Raspberry, Black Gap, one pint. — No. 112. Named variety 1.50 1.00 .50 20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 113. Early varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 114. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars maybe used for prizes. Gooseberry, one quart. — No. 1 15. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cherry, one quart. — No. 1 16. (Joe's Transparent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 117. Montmorency 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 118. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No. 119. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Bean, Snap, one-half peck. — No. 120. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Pea, one-half peck. — No. 121. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 122. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No 123. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Display of Vegetables. — No. 124. Not to exceed 24 square feet, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Sweet Pea Exhibition Thursday, July 17 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Sweet Peas, annual. — No. 125. Ten vases, not more than 25 flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 126. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas, round table laid for four covers, Gypsophila may be used. Flowers grown by exhibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Sweet Peas. — No. 127. Small basket, any green may be used 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 128. Collection of Sweet Peas 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Japanese Iris. — No. 129. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cut Flowers. — No. 130. Display, not exceeding 30 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 131. Standard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Centaurea. — No. 132. Display, Gypsophila may be used 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 Petunia. — No. 133. Twenty vases, one flower in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 134. Latham No. 135. Cuthbert No. 136. Any other red variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 137. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Currant, twenty-four bunches. — No 138 Perfection 2 00 *i * \J\J 1 50 1 X 00 \J\J 50 No. 139. White Grape 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 140. Any other variety 2.00 1 50 1 .00 .50 Pea, one-half peck — No. 141. Telephone 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Bean, Snap, one-half peck. — No. 142. Wax 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 1NU. IrtO. VJflccIl X UU. 9 no 1 1 1 X no . UU Cucumber. — No. 144. Three specimens 1 50 1 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 145. Any variety 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Lettuce, Iceberg. — No. 146. Twelve heads 2.00 1 50 L 00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 147. Summer 2.00 1. 50 1 00 .50 Thursday, July 24 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gut Flowers. — No. 148. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 149. Standard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No other standards to be shown. Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon). — No. 150. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Table Decorations. — No. 151. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. If Sweet Peas are used, flow- ers other than Gypsophila must be used in combina- tion. 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Sweet Peas, annual. — No. 152. Five vases, 25 flower stems in vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 153. Twelve vases 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Hemerocallis (Day Lilies). — No. 154. Collection 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 155. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 156. Any named red variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Blackberry, one quart. — No. 157. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Blueberry. — No. 158. One quart 1.50 1.00 .50 Currants, twenty-four bunches. — No. 159. Wilder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 160. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 161. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Lettuce, twelve heads. — No. 162. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Thursday, July 31 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 163. Display, 24 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 164. Small display 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large displays during the year. Gladiolus. — No. 165. Ten vases, named varieties, one spike in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Phlox, perennial. — No. 166. Twelve vases, one truss in a vase 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Annuals. — No. 167. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 168. Astrachan 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 169. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Blackberry, one quart. — No. 170. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Blueberry, one quart. — No. 171. 1.50 1.00 .50 Raspberry, one pint. — No. 172. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 173. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 25 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 174. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 175. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 176. Irish Cobbler 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 177. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 178. Display, Round Table, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, August 7 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 179. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 The Coulson Fund Flower Arrangement for Living Room. — E. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor 3 . 00 2.75 2 . 50 2 . 25 2 . 00 1 . 75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 Gladiolus. — No. 180. Display. 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Larkspur, annual. — No. 181. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Salpiglossis. — No. 182. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Phlox, perennial. — No. 183. Twelve vases, named varieties, one truss in each vase 3. 00 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Zinnia, large flowered. — No. 184. Twenty vases, one flower in each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Wild Flowers. — No. 185. Vase 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney F. Display of Cut Flowers 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for twenty vases or displays during the year. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 27 Blueberry, one quart. — No. 186. Cultivated 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 187. Oldenburg 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 188. Astrachan 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 189. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 190. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 191. Copenhagen 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 192. Any other named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 193. Yellow, Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 194. Rose 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 195. Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. — No. 196. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Gladiolus Exhibition Thursday, August 14 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m Gladiolus. — No. 197. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 198. Twenty vases, one spike in each, preferably named 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Aster, large flowered, long stem. — No. 199. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Salpiglossis. — No, 200. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Phlox Drummondi. — No. 201. Display 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Annuals. — No. 202. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers on a Mirror. — No. 203. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 204. Williams 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 205. For seasonable varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 206. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 29 Bean, Shell, one-half peck. — No. 207. Dwarf, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 208. Pole, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Bean, String, one-half peck. — No. 209. Kentucky Wonder 2 . 00 1 . 50* 1 . 00 .50 Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. — No. 210. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 211. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cucumber, for pickles.— No. 212. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 213. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties) 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Mushroom, native. — No. 214. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes Thursday, August 21 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gladiolus. — No. 215. Standard of gladiolus 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 No other standards to be shown. No. 216. Basket. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Zinnia. — No. 217. Display, notify the Secretary two days in advance 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Dahlia. — No. 218. Display. Single, pompon, and miniature 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Display of Garden Flowers. — No. 219. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days Flowers on Mirror. — No. 220. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors in advance 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 may use own containers. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor. Aster, single or anemone. — No. 221. Vase 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apples, twelve specimens.— No. 223. Any variety No. 222. Early Mcintosh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. No. 224. Varieties not scheduled 1.50 1.00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 31 Plums, twelve specimens. — No. 225. Washington 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 226. Bradshaw 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 227. Imperial Gage 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 228. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 229. Carman 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 230. Any other variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 231. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Bean, Pole, one-half peck. — No. 232. Shell 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 233. String, any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Corn, twelve ears. — No. 234. Sweet, not less than twelve rows 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 235. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 236. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Twelve dollars may be used for prizes. Thursday, August 28 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 237. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 238. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Aster, large flowered. — No. 239. Twenty vases, three blooms in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Lilies. — No. 240. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Dahlia. — LARC E FLOWERED. — No. 241. Twenty vases, one flower in each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Zinnia. — SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY. — No. 242. Display 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 243. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Verbena. — No. 244. Basket or Bowl 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Five Miniature Containers. — No. 245. Display. A group of five miniature containers, 6 inches over all in height. Containers may be owned by exhibitor; flowers to be grown by exhibitors. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 33 Apples, twelve specimens. — No. 246. Porter 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 247. Red Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 248. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Plum.— No. 249. Display, no restriction as to arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 250. Golden Jubilee No . 25 1 . Any variety Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 252. Clapp's Favorite Squash, three specimens. — No. 253. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Pepper, twelve specimens. — No. 254. Harris's Early 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 255. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 256. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, $20.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, September 4 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gut Flowers. — No. 257. Display. Class 1 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 50 3 . 00 Class2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 258. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00. Dahlia. — No. 259. Standard— Dahlias predominating 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No other standards to be shown. Gladiolus. — No. 260. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Aster. — No. 261. Display, not exceeding 25 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Scabiosa. — No. 262 Vase 2.50 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Lilies. — No. 263. Vase 3. 00 2 50 1 50 1.00 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 264. Gravenstein 3.00 2.50 2 00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 265. Maiden's Blush 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 266. Wealthy 2.50 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Apple, Crab, twenty-four specimens.— No. 267. Hyslop 2.50 2 00 1 50 1 00 .50 Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 268. Champion 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 269. Seedlings 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 270. Crawford (early) 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 271. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 272. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 35 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 273. Golden Varieties 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 274. Lombard 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 275. Burbank 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 276. New varieties 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 277. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 278. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Grape, three clusters. — No 27Q Orppn Mm in tain 2 00 *j . \J\J 1 1 50 1 00 50 No. 280. Moore's 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 281. Ontario 1. 50 1. 00 .50 No. 282. Fredonia 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 283. Varieties not scheduled 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 284. New varieties 1 50 1 00 .50 Pepper, twelve specimens. — No. 285. Squash 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 No. 286. Any other variety 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50 Tomato, twelve specimens. — No. 287. Bonny Best 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 288. Beauty 2.00 1 .50 1 00 .50 No. 289. Any other variety 2.00 1 .50 1 00 .50 Bean, one-half peck. — No. 290. Dwarf Lima 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 No. 291. Pole Lima 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 292. Any named variety 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Celery, blanched (named) six specimens. — No. 293. Any variety 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Carrot, twelve specimens. — No. 294. Any variety 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Egg Plant.— No. 295. Three specimens 2.00 1 50 1 00 .50 Mushroom, native. — No. 296. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Thursday, September 11 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 297. Display. Class 1 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 Class2 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 No. 298. Metal container of cut flowers, container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00. Dahlia. — No. 299. Twenty vases, one flower in each vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cosmos. — No. 300. Vase or basket 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Gladiolus. — No. 301. Fifteen vases, one spike in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Marigold. — No. 302. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 303. New varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 304. Wealthy 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 305. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 306. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 307. Elberta 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 308. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 309. Display, no restriction as to arrangement 8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 Plum, twelve specimens. — No. 310. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 37 Grape, three clusters. — No. 311. Brighton 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 312. Campbell 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 313. Worden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 314. Concord 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 315. Delaware 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 316. Niagara 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 317. Moore's Diamond 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 318. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 319. New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 320. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Melon, three specimens. — No. 321. Green Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 322. Yellow Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 323. Water 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Tomato. — No. 324. Display. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Vegetables. — No. 325. Display to cover 24 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Dahlia Exhibition Thursday, September 18 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Dahlia. — No. 326. Fifty vases, one flower in each. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. No. 327. Twelve vases, one flower ineach 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year. No. 328. Single varieties, twenty vases 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 329. Basket of large flowered 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 330. Pompon, twenty vases, three sprays in each 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 Display of Flower Arrangement. — No. 331. Not to cover more than 24 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Not more than twelve receptacles to be used. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Forty dollars ma}' be used for prizes. No baskets. Scale of Poixts by Which the Above Class is to be Judged Quality of flowers 40 points Proportion and harmony of flowers with receptacles 35 " Arrangement of flowers 25 " Begonia, tuberous rooted. — No. 332. Cut flowers in vases. Not more than twenty vases to be used. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 39 Edwin Draper Fund Begonia, tuberous rooted. — G. Display of Potted Plants. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 333. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 334. Seckel 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 335. Any variety, not scheduled 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Peach. — No. 336. Any variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 337. Orange 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grapes. — No. 338. Display of Grapes. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Squash, three specimens. — No. 339. Warren 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 340. Golden Hubbard 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 341. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 342. Red 2.00 No. 343. Savoy No. 344. Any other variety 2 . 00 Cauliflower. — No. 345. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Turnip. — No. 346. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50 Broccoli. — No. 347. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 50 1 .00 .50 50 1 .00 .50 50 1 .00 .50 Thursday, September 25 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Dahlia. — No. 348. Display. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the secretary two days in advance. No. 349. Basket 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 This number is intended for growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year. Cosmos. — No. 350. Display. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Apple, one flat. — No. 351. Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 352. Hubbardston 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 353. Tompkins King 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 354. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 355. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 356. Sheldon 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 357. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. Twenty dollars to may used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Potato, six varieties (named). — No. 358. Twelve specimens of each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 41 Squash, three specimens. — No. 359. Green Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 360. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cauliflower. — No. 361. Three specimens. 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables. — No. 362. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thursday, October 2 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Gut Flowers. — No. 363. Display 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Standard of Cut Flowers. — No. 364. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Dried Flowers, Statice, Strawflowers, Lunaria (Honesty). — No. 365. Display. 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Table Decorations of Flowers. — No. 366. Oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers grown by ex- hibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apple, one flat. — No. 367. Any variety not scheduled 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 368. Sutton Beauty 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Display of Fruit. — No. 369. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 370. Bosc 3.00 2.50 2,00 1.50 1.00 .50 Grape, open culture. — No. 371. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Pumpkins, three specimens. — No. 372. Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 43 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 373. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Parsley. — No. 374. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Peppers. — No. 375. Display. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes. Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 376. Golden 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 377. Other varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 378. Blue Hubbard 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney H. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 16 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 9 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Cut Flowers. — No. 379. Display — $40.00 may be awarded for prizes. Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 380. Cut flowers in vases. Ten dollars maybe used forprizes. Apple, Eastern standard box, commercially packed. — No. 381. Mcintosh 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. — No. 382 Baldwin 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 383. Bellflower 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 384. Winter Banana 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 385. R. I. Greening 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 386. Northern Spy 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 387. Palmer 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 388. Cortland 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 389. Opalescent 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 390. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 391. New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 392. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 393. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. No. 394. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Pear, twelve specimens. — No. 395. Angouleme 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 396. Clairgeau 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 397. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 45 No. 398. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 399. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Grape, open culture. — No. 400. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Peach, twelve specimens. — No. 40 1 . Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes Quince, twelve specimens. — No. 402. Champion 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Cauliflower. — No. 403. Three specimens 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 404. Golden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 405. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Endive. — No. 406. Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Leeks. — No. 407. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 408. For varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. Salsify. — No. 409. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 410. Purple Top Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 411. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Thursday, October 16 All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 9 p. m. Ferns. — No. 412. Display, potted ferns, named varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Specimen Fern. — No. 413. One plant 3.00 2.00 1.00 Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. — No. 414. Plants. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Cut Flowers. — No. 415. Basket. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Pear. — No. 416. Lawrence 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, one flat. — No. 417. Baldwin 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 418. Any other variety except Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 419. Three flats, three varieties 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 420. Collection, not to exceed 10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 Apples, forty-nine specimens. — No. 421. Any named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Table Decorations — Native Fruit. — No. 422. Round table laid for four covers. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 423. Yellow Globe Danvers 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 424. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 47 Squash. — No. 425. Collection 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 426. English varieties, not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — Grains. — No. 428. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes. Field Beans. — No. 429 Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished) No. 430. Display. Eighteen dollars may be used for prizes. No. 427. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Chrysanthemum Exhibition Thursday, Nov. 6, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 7, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 8, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 9, 12 m. to 9 p. m. All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday Chrysanthemums. — Use catalogue of Charles H. Totty Co., Madison, N. J. No. 431. Twelve blooms, not less than six varieties, to be named 12 . 00 10 . 00 8 . 00 No. 432. Collection of twenty-five large blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00 No. 433. Pompons, display in vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 434. Single varieties, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 435. Korean varieties, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 436. Anemones, display in vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 437. Six specimen plants, one plant in pot 10 . 00 8 . 00 6 . 00 No. 438. One specimen plant, one plant in pot 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Standard Commercial Varieties. — Use Totty's Catalogue, Madison, N. J. No. 439. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 440. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 441. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet. Exhibition Varieties. — No. 442. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 443. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 444. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 49 Chrysanthemums. — No. 445. Basket of Pompons No. 446. Basket of Single No. 447. Basket of Anemones Garden Displays j A Plant Displays [ B 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 775.00 Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition. • I. Special Exhibits. — Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Frederick A. Blake Fund J. Chrysanthemums.— Best bloom 4.00 3.00 2.00 K. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars may be awarded for prizes. Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage L. Table Decorations. — A Thanksgiving table. No restric- tions. Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars to be used for prizes. Fern Globes. — No. 448. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Terrariums. — No. 449. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 450. Small — Containers must not ex- ceed 18 inches in any dimension 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 Wild Fruits and Berries. — No. 451. Display 4.00 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00 .50 Physalis Franchettii (Chinese Lanterns). — No. 452. Basket 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50 Fruit Display. — No. 453. No restriction as to arrangement. $40.00 may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Apples, forty-nine specimens. — No. 454. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 455. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 456. Delicious 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 457. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 458. Basket of Fancy Apples 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 459. Basket of Fancy Pears 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund A. Baldwin, best twelve. — Four premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 B. Northern Spy. — Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 C. Delicious. — Four premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 D. Rhode Island Greening. — Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 E. Roxbury Russet. — Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 F. Sutton Beauty. — Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 G. Mcintosh. — Four premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 H. Any other Variety. — Four premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Brussels Sprouts. — No. 460. One-half peck 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 51 Celery, blanched, six specimens. — No. 461. Giant Pascal 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 462. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Onion, twelve specimens. — No. 463. White Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 464. Red Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 465. Cracker 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 466. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Cabbage, three specimens. — No. 467. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Parsnip, twelve specimens. — No. 468. Hollow Crown 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Squash, three specimens. — No. 469. Green Hubbard 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Turnip, twelve specimens. — No. 470. Purple Top Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Turnip, six specimens. — No. 471. White Swede 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 472. Yellow Swede 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 473. Green Mountain 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 474. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 4, 1941. Premiums will be paid on or after November 20, 1941. THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information. 52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman William Anderson Mrs. Amy W. Smith Herbert R. Kinney Florence E. Field, Librarian Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library The Practical Book of Garden Structure and Design, by Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard, 1937 Judging the Amateur Flower Show, by National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc. New Pronouncing Dictionary of Plant Names, by E. R. Robinson Fun with Flowers, by Donita Ferguson and Roy Sheldon, 1939 Book of the Broadleaf Trees, by Frank H. Lamb, 1939 America's Garden Book, by Louise Bush and James Brown, 1939 The Royal Horticultural Society Daffodil Year Book, 1939 Arranging Flowers Throughout the Year, by Katharine Thomas Cary and Nellie Dry den Merrell, 1940 Birds in the Garden, Margaret McKenney, 1939 Gardens and Gardening, English publication by F. A. Mercer and C. G. Holme, 1940 The American Rose Annual for 1940, by The American Rose Society, Harrisburg, Pa. Growing Plants in Nutrient Solutions, by Wayne I. Turner and Victor M. Henry, 1939 Trees of the South, by Charlotte Hilton Green, 1939 American Delphinium Society Year Book for 1939 New England Gladiolus Society Year Book, 1940 Royal Horticultural Society Lily Year Book, 1939 Mannings Plant Buyers Index, 1939 American Iris Society Alphabetical Iris Check List, Editor, Ethel Anson S. Peckham, 1939 Flower Arrangement in Color, by Rockwell and Grayson, 1940 Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs, by Alfred Rehder, 1940 The Herbalist, Published by Indiana Botanic Gardens, Hammond, Indiana, 1934 The Garden Clinic, by Laurence Blair, 1940 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 53 Important Tree Pests of the Northeast, 1940, Edited by Com- mittee on Forest Protection Leaflets, New England Section, Society of American Foresters Texas Wild Flower Legends, by Nancy Richey Ranson, 1940 The American Rose Society Members' Handbook, 1940-41 Trees, by Samuel Rawlins Stevens, 1940 Just Weeds, by Edwin Rollin Spencer, 1940 House and Garden's Book of Gardening, by Richardson Wright, 1940 Grow Your Own Fruit, by G. Kains, 1940 Gladiolus, by F. F. Rockwell, 1939 Edible Wild Plants, by Oliver Perry Medsger, 1939 Lilacs in My Garden, by Alice Harding, 1933. The Outdoor Living Room, by L.W.Ramsey & C.H.Lawrence, 1932 Garden Pools, by Ramsey & Lawrence, 1935 Gardening Indoors, by F. F. Rockwell and Esther C. Grayson, 1939 Hedges, Screens and Windbreaks, by Donald Wyman, 1938 The Gardner's Travel Book, by Edward I. Farrington, 1938 Flowers, East- West, by J. Gregory Conway, 1938 The Gladiolus Year Book for 1939 Edible Mushrooms and How to Know Them, by Nina Lane Faubian, 1939 Lily Year Book of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1938 Propagation of Plants, by Kains and McQuesten, 1938 What to Do with Herbs, by Mary Cable Dennis, 1939 American Delphinium Society Year Book for 1938 The American Rose Annual for 1939 The Vegetable Garden, by Edward I. Farrington, 1939 The Garden of Larkspurs, by L. H. Bailey, 1939 Lilies for American Gardens, by George L. Slate, 1939 The World Was My Garden, by David Fairchild, 1938 Hardy Chrysanthemums, by Alex. Cummings, Jr., 1939 Miniature Flower Arrangement, by Edith Mason and Edith Waas, 1939 The Book of Garden Magic, by Roy E. Biles, 1935 1939 Bulletins of the American Iris Society Begonias and How to Grow Them, by Bessie Buxton, 1939 Herbs, How to Grow and How to Use Them, by Helen Noyes Webster, 1939 54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 The Potato, by William Stuart, 1939 A Dictionary of Scientific Terms, by J. F. Henderson and J. H. Kenneth, 1939 Cacti for the Amateur, by Scott E. Haselton, 1939 Succulents for the Amateur, by J. R. Brown, Alain White, Sloane and Reynolds, Edited by Scott E. Haselton, 1939 Worcester County Horticultural Society SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County Exhibitions to be held Saturday, August 16 and Saturday, September 6, 1941 Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street Worcester, Massachusetts Saturday, August 1 6 All articles must be in the hall by 1 o'clock The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. Open to Children under 14 years of age Display of Flowers. — No. 1. Not to exceed fifteen vases 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 .25 No. 2. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers .75 .50 .25 .25 Zinnia. — No. 3. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Asters. — No. 4. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Petunia. — No. 5. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Calendula. — No. 6. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 7. Not to exceed fifteen vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 8. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 9. Not to exceed 12 varieties 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 Beets. — No. 10. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Summer Squash. — No. 11. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 String Beans. — No. 12. Two quarts .75 .50 .25 .25 Potato.— No. 13. Twelve specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 14. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 15. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Carrots. — No. 16. Six specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 Cucumber. — No. 17. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 57 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 Display of Flowers. — No. 18. Not to exceed 15 vases 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.00 No. 19. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Asters. — No. 20. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Petunia. — No. 21. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 . 25 Gladiolus. — No. 22. Basket 1.00.75 .50 .25 Zinnia. — No. 23. Not to exceed 10 vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 24. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 25. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 26 Not over 15 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 Potato.— No. 27. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Beets. — No. 28. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Carrots. — No. 29. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Shell Beans. — No. 30. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50 .25 String Beans. — No. 31. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 32. Six ears 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 33. Six specimens 1 . 25 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Cucumber. — No. 34. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Summer Squash. — No. 35. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Saturday, September 6 All articles must be in the hall by 1 o'clock The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. Open to Children under 14 years of age Display of Flowers. — No. 36. Nottoexceedl5vases2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 .25 No. 37. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers .75 .50 .25 .25 Cosmos. — No. 38. Vase .75 .50 .25 .25 Calendula. — No. 39. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Petunia. — No. 40. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Asters. — No. 41. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Zinnia. — No. 42. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Marigolds. — No. 43. Not to exceed 10 vases .75 .50 .25 .25 Gladiolus. — No. 44. Basket .75 .50 .25 .25 Wild Flowers. — No. 45. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 46. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 47. Not to exceed 12 varieties 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 Shell Beans. — No. 48. Two quarts in pods .75 .50 .25 .25 Beets. — No. 49. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Carrots. — No. 50. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 51. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 59 Green Peppers. — No. 52. Six specimens Tomato. — No. 53. Six specimens Winter Squash. — No. 54 Two specimens Potato.— No. 55. Twelve specimens Cucumber. — No. 56. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 1.00 .75 .25 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 75 .50 .25 .25 Open to Children between the ages of 14 and 21 Display of Flowers. — No. 57. Not to exceed 15 vases 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 75 1 . 50 No. 58. Bouquet, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Petunia. — No. 59. Not to exceed 10 vases Dahlias. — No. 60. Not to exceed 10 vases Zinnia. — No. 61. Not to exceed 10 vases 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Marigold. — No. 62. Not to exceed 10 vases 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Cosmos. — No. 63. One large vase Gladiolus. — No. 64. Basket Wild Flowers. — No. 65. Not to exceed 15 vases 1 . 50 1 . 25 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 66. Vase of Wild Flowers 1.00 .75 .50 .25 .25 Dahlia. — No. 67. Vase 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Display of Vegetables. — No. 68. Not to exceed 15 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .50 60 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1941 Potato. — No. 69. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Carrots. — No. 70. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Beets. — No. 71. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Sweet Corn. — No. 72. Six ears 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Peppers. — No. 73. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Tomato. — No. 74. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Cabbage. — No. 75. Two specimens .75 .50 .25 Winter Squash. — No. 76. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Celery. — No. 77. Three specimens .75 .50 .25 Shell Beans. — No. 78. Two quarts in the pod 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Onion. — No. 79. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25 Cucumber. — No. 80. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 .25 Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits. Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Those under 14 years and those between 14 and 21. Only one child in a family can compete for the same prize. The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit. All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by 1 p. m. Exhibition will close at 4.30 p. m. Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition. Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society. 1941] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 61 Special Prizes Offered by Secretary Herbert R. Kinney To the ones receiving the two largest amounts under 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. To the ones receiving the two largest amounts over 14 years of age. $3.00. $2.00. * * * For further information apply to HERBERT R. KINNEY, Secretary 100t]± ANNIVERSARY 1842 - 1942 Transactions of WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY REPORTS OF THE OFFICERS AND LECTURES FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 3, 1942 30 ELM STREET, WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the Worcester County Horticultural Society For the Year 1942 PRESIDENT MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS MRS. HOMER GAGE S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT Worcester, Mass. No. Grafton, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass. SECRETARY HERBERT R. KINNEY, of Worcester Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street TREASURER BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester LIBRARIAN MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester TRUSTEES Joseph A. Allen Auburn Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester William Anderson Still River Willis E. Cary Worcester Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Sutton J. Frank Cooper Worcester Edward W. Breed Clinton Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester Ralph C. Breed Clinton Mrs. Florence C. Emory Worcester Richard A. Flagg Boylston Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Worcester Harold J. Greenwood Boylston Ernest Hansen Worcester Allen J. Jenkins Shrewsbury Allen W. Hixon Worcester William E. Morey Shrewsbury Allyne W. Hixon Worcester Eugene O. Parsons Auburn Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Worcester Charles Potter West Boylston H. Ward Moore Worcester Albert W. Schneider Clinton Harry I. Randall Worcester Myron S. Wheeler Berlin Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester Mrs. Mary D. White Holden George F. E. Story Worcester Ernest P. Bennett Worcester Leslie E. Winter Worcester STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE Leonard C. Midgley, 1942 Myron F. Converse, 1943 Harry Harrison, 1944 NOMINATING COMMITTEE Walter S. Young, 1942 Earl T. Harper, 1943 Robert S. Illingworth, 1944 ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Edward W. Breed, Chairman Mrs. Amy W. Smith William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian ON NOMENCLATURE William Anderson Herbert R. Kinney J. Frank Cooper Leonard C. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins Mrs. Amy W. Smith ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Joseph A. Allen Mrs. Percy G. Forbes William Anderson Allen W. Hixon Elizabeth R. Bishop Allyne W. Hixon Edward W. Breed Leonard C. Midgley Ralph C. Breed H. Ward Moore S. Lothrop Davenport William E. Morey Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Charles Potter Mrs. Florence E. Field Mrs. William W. Taft Myron F. Converse, President Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary AUDITORS Harry C. Midgley Arthur H. Bellows H. Ward Moore JUDGES Plants and Flowers: William Anderson, Still River Fruit: S. Lothrop Davenport, North Grafton Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester MEDAL COMMITTEE Myron F. Converse, Chairman Edward W. Breed Allen W. Hixon ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mrs. Florence C. Emory Leonard C. Midgley Albert H. Inman H. Ward Moore Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street Myron F. Converse, President Mr. Converse, our twenty-fourth president, has been an active member of the Worcester County Horticultural Society since 1903. In 1910 he was elected to serve on the Finance Committee and the Board of Trustees. He became chairman of the Finance Committee in 19 16 and was elected president in 1923 and has served continuously in that office since that date. Due to his foresight, we now enjoy possession of one of the best equipped buildings devoted to the promotion of horticulture. Today the flower shows and exhibits conducted by the Society hold a place of high esteem in the community. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The One Hundredth Anniversary of the incorporation of this So- ciety was observed in our home building on the evening of Thursday, April 9, with a suitable program arranged through the efforts of our various officers and committees. The building throughout was decorated with flowers and floral designs, all of which were provided by mem- bers of the Society. The library decorations included orchids arranged on the mantel over the fireplace in a creation suggested by Mr. Kinney, our venerable secretary. The room was otherwise ornamented with plants and flowers which did credit to the occasion, as did the decora- tions in Horticultural Hall, where smilax was festooned on the walls, while the platform bore flowering plants and a victory "V" design done in carnations, an idea proposed by Mr. Breed. Next to attract attention was the dining-room, where the table decorations, with roses predomi- nating, had been tastily arranged in a manner which lent a special attractiveness to the room. This result was attained through the experi- enced handiwork of Mrs. Field, ably assisted by Mrs. Denny and Mrs. Fitzpatrick. The occasion was attended by members and guests, some of whom were invited by reason of distinguished service rendered in a related activity. The program began with a reception held in the Library at 6.30 o'clock, followed by a dinner served in the dining-room. The Reverend Dr. Maxwell Savage, minister of First Unitarian Church — the Second Parish — invoked Divine Blessing, as did the Reverend Austin Garver of that church at the Fiftieth Anniversary. A feature of the dinner was the cutting by Mrs. Edward W. Breed of a large birthday cake, a piece of which was served to each guest. Mr. and Mrs. Breed hold a place of high esteem in the ranks of our members, a fact which added much pleasure to the event. During our journey from the dining-room to the hall above, a city-wide surprise practice blackout took place. However, the ceremonies continued uninterruptedly inasmuch as the 6 100th anniversary 1842-1942 building had been provided with all needed precautions for such hap- penings. The members and guests who assembled in the main hall were af- forded a pleasant evening, beginning with the presentation by Eugene O. Parsons, a member of our Board of Trustees, of a thoughtfully prepared historical sketch of a Century of Activity on the part of this Society. Our Library contains a record in great detail — thanks to Edward Winslow Lincoln, then secretary — of the observances of the Fiftieth Anniversary held in the year of 1892, and among the provisions made at that time for the benefit of posterity was the placing under the care of the American Antiquarian Society of a package to be opened at the One Hundredth Anniversary. Clarence S. Brigham, Director of the Antiquarian Society, addressed the gathering and then returned the package. The contents consisted of material relating to the 1892 program. The concluding address of the evening was made by Dr. Hugh Findlay on the subject of "Truth from the Soil." Dr. Findlay in earlier years was a student at Clark University, Worcester, and since that time has specialized in many college courses on horticulture, both as a student and lecturer. His talents are well known in Worcester, where he has lectured many times, especially in our winter courses. His address abounded in knowledge resulting from his many years of devotion to the art of horticulture. The evening's entertainment was further edified with solos delight- fully rendered by Mrs. Mabel Anderson-Pearson. At the conclusion of these proceedings, Russ Cole's orchestra furnished music for the custo- mary Grand March, which was followed by dancing. These exercises made an appropriate observance of our century of progress. The year has been one of tremendous uncertainty to the world at large, and its many problems due to the war have concerned every living person. In the midst of these many anxieties, our members have labored courageously to meet their obligations to the war effort through such means as were at their disposal, namely, the continuance of our many horticultural activities resulting in production of fruits and vege- tables for the sustenance of life, and flowers for its enjoyment. The Winter Lecture Course, which is an avenue through which such WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 7 effort finds expression, was conducted in the usual manner, while other contributing agencies have been the exhibits of flowers, fruits, and vegetables. These exhibits began with the Spring Show in March and continued weekly through the summer months, concluding in Novem- ber with the Chrysanthemum Show. Noteworthy have been the results, even though war conditions have beset many of our participants. The Library, conducted under the efficient direction of Mrs. Field, continues to be a fruitful source of information and is a service available to all persons interested in the pursuit of horticulture. Your further attention is invited to the reports of our officers and committees who have rendered the service necessary to the success which has attended these efforts. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, President Worcester, Massachusetts December 3, 1942 ■ Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary Mr. Kinney enjoys the honor of having been a member of the Society since 1891, a record of 51 years. He has always been keenly interested in both horticulture and agriculture and is widely known for his outstanding exhibits of vegetables grown on his farm. Since he attended the 50th Anniversary dinner he has seen the Society grow, both in activities and membership, to its present important standing in the community. From 1910 to 1915 Mr. Kinney served the Society as vice-president and in 1915 was elected secretary. Being re-elected to this office each year since that time indicates the esteem in which he is held by his associates. SECRETARY'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: January 8, 1942. Dr. Charles H. Tozier, of Boston, Mass., showed many beautiful colored slides and motion pictures of the plant and animal life of California's national parks and private gardens. January 15, 1942. Mrs. Alice Cooper Bailey, of Weston, Mass., gave a fine lecture and pictures of the Hawaiian Islands. "All Hawaiians are lovers of flowers." "Because of the bright sun and the warm trade winds, these islands are ideal for gardening." January 22, 1942. In a very well-illustrated lecture on "Gardens to Live With," Dr. Hugh Findlay, of New York, emphasized the impor- tance of both beauty and utility in a garden. "Simplicity is the highest form of art, and the simpler your garden, the better." January 29, 1942. Mr. Percy A. Brigham, of Arlington, Mass., illustrated with colored pictures "The March of the Seasons," as seen both in near-by Boston and the far West; including the famous gardens of Victoria and of Ranier National Park. February 5, 1942. "Switzerland's Hidden Valley" by Madame Emile Hugli, of New York City. "Switzerland, the oldest living democracy in the world and the only democracy that is now flourishing in enslaved Europe." "The rivers in Switzerland are the source of all the principal rivers in Europe." Madame Hugli illustrated her talk with pictures of glaciers, of Alpine life and native flowers. February 12, 1942. Illustrated lecture by Frank W. Barber, of Springfield, Mass. The beauty of "Nature's Tapestries" that we may enjoy and store away in our mind's eye. A lecture that is well worth reading. February 19, 1942. "Color, Composition and Design of New Eng- land Gardens" by Miss Helen Boll, of Boston, Mass. " 'Beauty is given us that we may lend our minds out.' A beautiful garden does just this." 10 100th anniversary 1842-1942 "No two people react to the same stimulus in the same way, so no two gardens are alike." February 26, 1942. "Accent on Flowers in Your Home" by Miss Louise Thompson of New York. The report of this lecture would seem very much worth reading by anyone interested in flowers. THE SPRING EXHIBITION March 12, 13, 14, and 15,, 1942 The feature of this exhibition was the Auditorium which was very nicely planned by Mr. Allen J. Jenkins. There had seldom been an arrangement where the view from the stage and the balcony was as good. The walk back of the stage was broader and the arrangement on the stage was very attractive. The arrangement from the floor was not as attractive as sometimes but was fine from the balcony. The West Room was not quite as attractive as usual, but the displays were good. The layout of the Auditorium was four plots of 400 ft. each and two plots of 200 sq. ft. each. Iristhorpe, stage; Edward W. Breed, center; Albert W. Schneider, west side; and Hixon's Greenhouses, the south side. April Exhibition. The feature of this exhibition was the eight Table Decorations and the five plant displays. Good displays of German Iris, Peonies, Roses, Geraniums, and there were good Asparagus, Spinach, and Rhubarb displays. May Exhibition. Table Decorations were again the feature with seven entries. Also a good showing of Cut Flowers, Spring Flowers, and Pansies. June 11 Exhibition. Cut Flowers, Peonies, Roses, and Geranium, also Strawberries and Rhubarb. June 18, Peony Exhibition, with seven exhibits of Peonies and a good showing of Cut Flowers, Wild Flowers, Siberian Iris, Foxglove, and Begonia. June 2 5, featured Roses and special prizes from the Frances C. Morse Fund for Table Decorations and special prizes from the Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund for Hardy Flowers. 12 100th anniversary 1842-1942 There was a fine display of Eucalyptus grown by Mr. Charles Potter of West Boylston, Mass. There was a very light showing of Roses of only medium quality. There was a good showing of Peonies and Hardy Cut Flowers. Thursday, July 2. The feature of this exhibition was the five vases of Delphinium and the special prize offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney for Table Decorations, round table for four covers. This call is in- tended for those who do not exhibit in other calls for Table Decorations during the year. There was a good display of Cut Flowers and baskets. Sweet Pea Exhibition, July 9. There were three good Sweet Pea Table Decorations. Four displays of Japanese Iris and five baskets of Lilium Regale. Also four good displays of vegetables. Thursday, July 16. There was a light showing of Cut Flowers and a good showing of Centaurea and Petunia. Also some good Cabbage, Lettuce, and Summer Squash. Thursday, July 23. There were ten good Table Decorations, four displays of Cut Flowers and Standards. Some good Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Lettuce. July 30. There were good displays of Cut Flowers, Gladiolus, and Annuals. The real feature of this exhibition was the nine exhibits of Summer Squash. There were four good vegetable displays on round tables. August 6. The feature of this exhibition was awards from the Coul- son Fund. There were fifteen exhibits, five of them excellent. This made a very fine exhibit and attracted much attention. There were good exhibits of Cut Flowers, Gladiolus, and Phlox perennial. There were three good exhibits under the Herbert R. Kinney Prizes for Cut Flowers on round tables. August 13. There were six good displays of twenty vases of Gladi- olus. Twenty-seven exhibits of Flowers on a Mirror. This class is our most popular call and attracts many of our exhibitors and the public. August 20. Gladiolus with five Standards and seven baskets were the feature of this exhibition. There was a fine display of Garden Flowers. Also an attractive exhibit of Flowers on Mirror with twenty-six entries. August 27. I am still interested in Class 1 and Class 2 under the same number for Cut Flowers. There were many attractive exhibits in the call for Five Miniature Containers. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 13 There were four good displays of vegetables. September 3. The feature of this exhibit was the display of Mantel Vases, 18-inch space. There were twenty-two entries. Dahlias, Gladi- olus, Asters, and Scabiosa not as good as usual. Only two vases of Lilies. September 10. This was one of our best weekly exhibitions with metal container of Cut Flowers the most attractive feature. There were good exhibits of Dahlias, Cosmos, Gladiolus, and Marigolds. There were fine exhibits of Bartlett Pears, a light showing of Peaches. A large exhibit of Grapes of good quality. Some nice exhibits of Quinces and Cantaloupes. Seven good displays of Tomatoes and three displays of vegetables. September 17, Dahlia Exhibition. There were six entries of Fifty Vases, one flower in each. Three entries of Twelve, five large baskets. Two entries of Singles and two entries of Pompons. There were ten entries of Display of Flower Arrangement which was not as large as usual. It was one of the best arrangement displays of the year. There were four good displays of tuberous-rooted Begonia under the Edwin Draper Fund. Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition, October 8. Six entries of Cut Flowers and four of Hardy Chrysanthemums. There were eleven flats, four collections and eighty-three plates of Apples. While the apples were of excellent quality, the entry was light. Only twenty-five entries of Pears, twenty of Grapes, two of Quinces, and one of Peaches. Vegetables, with the exception of the collections of Squashes, which were good, were of only medium quality. Chrysanthemum Exhibition, November 5, 6, 7, and 8, 1942. The arrangement of the Auditorium was similar to the Spring Exhibi- tion. Hixon's Greenhouses had the stage; center, Sunnyside Green- houses ; Iristhorpe, west side ; Edward W. Breed, south side ; Albert W. Schneider, northwest corner; and Robert J. Allen, southeast corner. There were good exhibits in the West Room by Herbert E. Berg, Earl T. Harper, and Rainbow Gardens. The large vestibule in the basement was given up to Chrysanthemums but exhibits were much smaller than usual. The feature was the ex- hibits of best twelve and twenty-five blooms from Iristhorpe under the Frederick A. Blake Fund. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 15 The Singles, Pompons, and Anemones were not as good as other years. The fruit exhibit downstairs was of excellent quality and the arrange- ment was good. Of especial interest to many of our people was the finding of varie- ties of Apples of the past generation, that were popular in the last century, that we seldom see, in excellent condition. There was a light exhibit of vegetables and some in poor condition. Attraction in the Lecture Room upstairs. Table Decorations under special prizes given by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage. There were only ten this year and the quality not as good as usual. Prof. Robert S. Illingworth's Display of House Plants. This exhibit was extremely interesting and educational. In the Conference Room there were four Fern Globes and five Ter- rariums that filled the center table. There were three Cacti displays. CHILDREN'S EXHIBITIONS August 15 and September 5, 1942 Both were held in the Auditorium and were laid out the same, with a broad walk in the center. Those under 14 on the east side and those over 14 on the west side of the hall. Display of flowers against the wall, with the call for the ten vases on the next tables. The inside center tables were given up to the vegetables. The display of vegetables were on round tables either side of the center. A feature of the exhibitions was the exhibits of Wild Flowers on and in front of the stage. Herbert R. Kinney, Secretary TREASURER'S REPORT For the Year Ending December 2, 1942 Statement of Income and Expenditures Income Rent: Hall $967.00 Stores 39-999.96 $40,966.96 Permanent Funds: Membership Fund Blake Fund Coulson Fund . . . Dewey Fund Draper Fund Eames Fund Hadwen Fund . . Morse Fund Membership Fees Interest Earned: Permanent Funds Investments Winter Meetings Other Income: Mabel K. Gage H. R. Kinney . Balance of Retirement of 65 shares Class A Stock, Worcester County Trust Com- pany Insurance: Adjustment of Premium $92.23 19.00 19.25 25.15 8.00 21.50 15.00 11.00 &139.43 254.61 $46.25 10.50 211.13 100.00 394.04 306.00 56.75 325.00 22.78 Total $42,382.66 Cash balance, December 3, 1941 .. 1,680.57 $44,063.23 Expenditures Library $62, Winter Meetings l,538i Periodicals 22.| ital Publications 8I8.1 it): II Premiums: Of 1942 $6,063.25 Special Children's . . . Blake Fund . . Coulson Fund Draper Fund . Eames Fund . Hadwen Fund Morse Fund . Expense: Exhibitions . Office Operating . . Miscellaneous Maintenance: Furniture and Fix- tures Real Estate 56.75 208.15 19.00 19.25 8.00 21.50 15.00 11.00 $355.09 465.21 405.42 1,170.59 $140.66 869.32 Salaries Interest paid on Mortgage — Front St Interest added to Permanent Funds Interest returned to Investments . . Insurance Light, Heat, and Water Janitor Service Reduction Mortgage on Front St. Property Transfer to Membership Fund .... Returned to Investments Furniture and Fixtures 6,421.1 2,396. 1,009. 2,898.1 3,950.: 139 254.( 1,069h 1,790.: 2,698.1 18,000.t 100.( 325.( 31U Total $43,806 Cash balance, December 2, 1942 . . 257.( $44,063. Statement of Gains and Losses Gains Expended Balances of Appropriations: tthildren's Exhibi- tions $91.85 i'-emiums 761.75 $853.60 ibership Fees 100.00 Ime from Permanent Funds ... 211.13 Is 40,966.96 :r Income 56.75 $42,188.44 Losses Appropriations $10,000.00 Excess over appropriation — Salaries 23.00 Depreciation 1,110.58 Special and Permanent Fund Premiums 150.50 Expense Accounts 2,396.31 Insurance 1,046.37 Interest 3,695.61 Janitor Service 2,698.00 Light, Heat, and Water 1,790.27 Maintenance Accounts 1,009-98 Periodicals 22.40 Publications 818.50 Winter Meetings 1,232.70 $25,994.22 Net Gain to Surplus 16,194.22 $42,188.44 Statement of Assets and Liabilities Assets Permanent Funds (Investment): People's Svgs. Bk. (Hadwen Fund) . $1,051.85 Wor. Five Cts. Svgs. Bk. • (Draper Fund) . . 360.86 (Eames Fund) . . 537.22 (Morse Fund) . . 532.03 Wor. Co. Inst, for Svgs. (Coulson Fund) . 1,036.33 Wor. Mech. Svgs. Bk. (Blake Fund) . . . 1,241.32 (Dewey Fund) . . 1,000.00 (McWilliam Fund) 225.25 $5,984.86 Investments: Wor. Co. Inst, for Svgs $3,763.65 Wor. Five Cts. Svgs. Bk 3,843.20 Wor. Mech. Svgs. Bk. 3,728.76 11,335.61 Membership Fund 4,600.00 Real Estate 480,000.00 Furniture and Fixtures 17,973.63 Library 1,481.74 Cash 257.05 Liabilities Blake Fund: Principal $1,00C Income 24l- Coulson Fund: Principal 1,000 Income 36 Dewey Fund: Principal 1,000 Draper Fund: Principal 30 Income & Eames Fund: Principal Income Hadwen Fund: Principal 1,00 Income 5 McWilliam Fund: Principal 2 Income 2 Morse Fund: Principal 50 Income 3 Mortgage Note, Front St. Property 88,000 Surplus: Balance, Dec. 4, 1941 . 411,453.81 Net Gain, 1942 16,194.22 427,648 $521,632.89 $521,632 Respectfully submitted, B. W. Greenwood, Treasurer Auditor's Certificate I have examined the books of the Treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society, together with vouchers and bank balances, for the year ending December 2, 1942, and find them to be correct. Adah B. Johnson, Accountant We have caused an audit of the books of the Treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society to be made for the year ending December 2, 1942, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved. Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore, Arthur H. Bellows, Harry C. Midgley, Auditors Worcester, Massachusetts December 2, 1942 LIBRARIAN'S REPORT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester Comity Horticultural Society: Despite the fact that the many civilian interests in war activities have taken some time of many of our members, the Library has not suffered noticeably. The usual number of books and magazines, between four and five hundred, have been in circulation. The interests of the readers have been varied. Paul W. Dempsey's books on how to grow vegetables have been in constant demand. To meet the present-day needs we have the best current books and magazines. While we need not expect every member of the Society to be a constant user of the Library we should like to see still more taking advantage of the opportunity. The binding of the publications of Horticulture and The Gardeners' Chronicle of America have been continued. We have acknowledged with thanks gifts to the Library from the following donors: Mr. L. G. Breck, from the library of his father, the late Dr. Francis Breck, two volumes, American Medicinal Plants, by Millspaugh, 1887. Also, The Illustrated Botany, by John B. Newman, M.D., 1846. The Art of Japanese Gardens, by Loraine E. Kuck, from the Edward A. Bigelow's. Mrs. W. A. Williams, The Gardener's Travel Book, by E. I. Farrington. New books added to the Library in the year 1942 include the following: Prints and Plants of Old Gardens, by Kate Doggett Boggs, 1932. An Herbal (1525), edited and transcribed into modern English by Sanford V. Larkey, M.D. and Thomas Pyles, 1941. Useful Trees and Shrubs, Florence Bell Robinson, 1938. A Lot of Insects, by Frank E. Lutz, 1941. The Indoor Gardener, by Daisy T. Abbott. Trees of the Eastern United States and Canada, by William M. Harlow, Ph.D., 1942. Grow Your Oun Vegetables, by Paul W. Dempsey, 1942. i i-i i-i < a, ai O H S/5 2 o w H Z < 33 U < 1-1 a. 00 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 21 Soybeans, Gold from the Soil, by Edward Jerome Dies, 1942. Grow a Garden and Be Self-sufficient, by Ehrenfried PfeifTer and Erike Riese, 1942. The Picture Gai'den Book, by Richard Pratt and Edward Steichen, 1942. Standardized Plant Names, by Harlan P. Kelsey and William A. Dayton, 1942. Shakespeare' s Wild Flowers, Fairy Lore, Gardens, Herbs, Gatherers of Simples and Bee Lore, by Eleanour Sinclair Rohde. (English) 1935. Flower Arrangement in Virginia, by Mrs. Ferguson Farrar, 1941. Common Names of Plants, by William N. Clute, 1939. A Second Book of Plant Names, by William N. Clute, 1939- Guide to Eastern Ferns, by Edgar T. Wherry, 1942. Ornamental American Shrubs, by William R. Van Dersal, 1942. The American Rose Annual, 1942. The Delphinium Year Book, 1941. American Begonia Society, Monthly Bulletins, 1942. Arnoldia, Bulletins from the Arnold Arboretum, 1942. American Iris Society Bulletins, 1942. Respectfully submitted, Florence E. Field, Librarian Worcester, Massachusetts December 3, 1942 REPORT OF JUDGE OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The Chrysanthemum exhibition in November brought to a close a most successful flower show season for our Society. Even though the war has placed curtailments and restrictions upon our exhibitors, such as less labor for culture of plants, decreased transportation, and a lack of certain materials and stocks, nevertheless from the first show in the spring throughout the summer to the closing show in the fall our hall has been a blaze of color, a place of beauty and a pleasure for all to see. The halls were well filled for the Spring Exhibition. Despite the current pessimism regarding the lack of tulips beforehand, when the show opened a goodly number were in evidence although not so numer- ous or in such variety as formerly. In the early summer exhibitions, displays of cut flowers in variety seemed to dominate. Cut Pansy displays were excellent and so nearly alike it was difficult to choose a best among them. Roses were very fine this year, particularly the hybrid teas and attracted numerous exhibitors. Delphinium were excellent throughout their flowering season. Sweet Peas did not measure up to the standard of other designated exhibitions. Cut flowers of tuberous- rooted Begonias were good and always an attraction for the visitor. Fine Lilies in many varieties were displayed at different times throughout the summer. Gladioli were very fine particularly at the beginning of their season. In the calls for named varieties very fine spikes of excellent quality were shown. The Dahlia exhibitions, September 17 and 24 were gorgeous displays. Huge flowers of excellent quality were shown in a color range from the pastels to brilliant red and deep maroon. That exhibitors are interested in the arrangement of flowers as well as their culture is evidenced by the keen competition in all classes featur- 24 100th anniversary 1842-1942 ing arrangement. In one of these classes there were twenty-seven differ- ent entries. I have noticed throughout the season many fine examples of artistic flower arrangement in individual vases and baskets as well as in group displays. A great deal of care and thought has been given to the preparation of these exhibits and I commend the exhibitors for their efforts. The Chrysanthemum show I should say was not quite so full as usual, particularly the cut flower classes. However the quality of the flowers shown was excellent, if anything a bit above average. The large exhibi- tion-type cut mums were very fine. The room west of the balcony contained interesting terrariums and cacti. Of great interest to all who saw it was the display in the room east of the balcony. This room was decorated in an artistic and pleasing manner with many varieties of rare and interesting house plants. As always the Orchids were a source of interest and pleasure to everyone. The children's exhibits were not quite so numerous this year. The main hall took care of the entire show including all classes. Usually the west room has been needed as well. One of the reasons for the decrease was that several of the regular exhibitors had passed the age limit for children. Respectfully submitted, Leslie E. Winter, Judge of Plants and Floivers December 3, 1942 o O 2 2 a, w X H D 2 o H — D w U '53 c 00 vrf SjQ ON « s o a, o < '2 w C/3 w O X o X C/3 REPORT OF JUDGE OF VEGETABLES Mr. President: To the Officers and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society I hereby submit my annual report as Judge of Vegetables for the year 1942. Though our exhibitors labored under many adverse conditions, such as labor shortages, high wages, incompetent help, the difficulties in obtaining fertilizers, seeds, and machinery, not to mention the vexations of rationing, the exhibits they made throughout the whole year compared favorably with those of past years. However, to partly compensate for these adverse conditions, the weatherman was on their side this year and gave them abundant rain when it was most needed. There were not quite so many vegetable exhibits as usual at the Spring Show in March but the quality of those shown was excellent. The April exhibit of vegetables was one of the smallest we have ever had, only one exhibitor in the regular classes. What the exhibits lacked in numbers they again made up in quality. At the May exhibition only two exhibits each of Asparagus and Lettuce were shown and on June 1 1 only two each of Asparagus, Beets, and Spinach. For the remaining exhibitions in June and for those in July the num- ber of exhibits of Cabbage, Peas, Cucumbers, and Lettuce was compara- tively small. On the other hand, in this same period there were many excellent exhibits of Rhubarb, Beets, Carrots, String Beans, and Early Potatoes. The Collections and Displays of Vegetables have been very good throughout the whole season with one exception, that of the Displays from Home Gardens in which class there were only two exhibits. The Displays of Peppers and those of Tomatoes were also excellent. Some of the more outstanding exhibits of the season were those of Summer Squash, Tomatoes, Sweet Corn, Egg Plant, Celery, and Squashes, especially the Blue Hubbard variety. On August 1 3 and September 3 we had two very creditable exhibi- WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 27 tions of Mushrooms, and at the November Show the exhibits of Orna- mental Gourds were very good. The two Children's Exhibitions were not nearly as large as usual nor were they quite up to their usual standard of quality. Respectfully submitted, H. Ward Moore, Judge of Vegetables December 3, 1942 Mechanics Hall and the Old Central Exchange Building, Main Street, About 1865 REPORT OF JUDGE OF FRUIT Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The season of 1942 marks the beginning of exhibitions under war conditions, and it is to be expected that these conditions will have a serious affect on the fruit exhibits, and the longer conditions are un- settled, the more marked the effect will be. For the more serious the farm labor supply becomes and the more difficult it is to get equipment and supplies to operate the farms, smaller will be the fruit exhibits, and poorer in quality. Fortunately the Spring Show was not affected by these conditions, for the fruit shown was of the 1941 crop, thus we had a fine showing of plates, twenty-fives, forty-nines, baskets, and displays mostly of high quality. The weather conditions also had a marked effect on the size and the ripening of the fruit this year, and many varieties were at their best ahead of the schedule. Strawberries came very early, and we had the poorest showing in years, for on June 25 with twenty-eight classes only seven were filled, and on July 2 and 9 only a very few were shown. In fact the straw- berry crop was almost a failure, many growers harvested less than one- fourth of a normal crop. Currants, gooseberries and blueberries were very plentiful and all classes were more than full. The showing of red raspberries was only fair, but quite a few black- caps came in, showing that the latter are again being planted quite generally. Several plates of Bosyenberry were shown, which attracted consider- able attention. This was a good peach year and we had the first plate shown on July 23, and after that some were shown most every week. Many of them were new varieties, which are replacing the older varieties. Pears were fairly well shown during the season with the Bartlett in 30 100th anniversary 1842-1942 the lead, followed by Seckel, Sheldon, Bosc, and Anjou. Pear varieties do not seem to be changing very rapidly. With the bi-weekly rains and lots of sunshine this past season, grapes grew and ripened to almost perfection, and we had five nice displays. First on September 3, with twenty plates of early varieties, then on September 10 about forty plates came in, again on the 17th we had six displays and again on both October 1 and 8 good showings were made. Concord, Worden, Niagara, Delaware, and Fredonia were the leading varieties. Throughout this season we had an exceptionally fine showing of apples, of good quality and size. Many of the older varieties as King, Porter, Early Williams, Hubbardston are disappearing, and new kinds as Lodi, Cortland, Macoun, Kendall, are coming in, some of which are no better, or as good as some of the older varieties. This season Bald- wins came back in the lead in the number of plates shown, with Delicious, Mcintosh, Northern Spy, Cortland, Rhode Island Greening, coming in that order. In spite of war conditions the Fall Show brought out a fine lot of apples, and we had seven fruit displays, twenty-three 49's, twelve baskets of apples and pears, and about fifty plates of apples most of which were of a high quality. Here again Baldwins were in the lead, then came Delicious, with Mcintosh in third place. Thus the season of 1942 began and ended with fine showings of many varieties of apples. Respectfully submitted, S. Lothrop Davenport, fudge of Fruit December 3, 1942 REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society: The attention of your Finance Committee, aside from its routine duties, has been engaged in matters relating to the relocation of the passageway leading from the rear of our Front Street real estate to Mechanic Street and the negotiation with the F. W. Woolworth Com- pany of the party wall agreement pertaining to the easterly side of said premises, all of which was done in accordance with action taken at a recent special meeting of the Society. The property is under lease to the Woolworth Company until the year of 1949. The maintenance of the building occupied by the Society has consisted mainly of painting parts of the interior and the exposed window frames and other wooden parts of the exterior. An appropriation of $10,000 is recommended for such distribution as the Trustees in their discretion may deem to be the proper and expedient use thereof. We are always mindful of the efficient service which is rendered in many ways by Mr. Huey, the building superintendent, and we are pleased to take this opportunity to make mention of it. Respectfully submitted, Myron F. Converse, Leonard C. Midgley, Harry Harrison, Finance Committee Worcester, Massachusetts December 3, 1942 IN MEMORIAM William Anderson Seventy-three years ago there was born in far-away Scotland a child who was destined to play a prominent part in the affairs of the Worces- ter County Horticultural Society. He came to this country at an early age, as a lover of plants and flowers, which calling he followed all of his life, spending most of his time in private estate work. For thirty years he had charge of the estate of Mrs. Bayard Thayer, at Hawthorne Hill, South Lancaster, Mass. In 1909 William Anderson joined the Worcester County Horticul- tural Society, and served the Society in various capacities during his membership of thirty-three years. For more than twenty years he served not only as a trustee, but as a member of the Committee on Nomencla- ture, and also on the Library and Publication Committee. He further served the Society as the Judge of Plants and Flowers for twelve years, first in 1912 to 1916 and later in 1934 to 1942. His years of faithful service, not only in private estate work, but as judge at the Horticultural shows, indicate that he was a man of the highest character, fair, methodical, and thorough in his work. On April 29, 1942 he was called to answer the roll call above, and the Worcester County Horticultural Society lost a valuable servant and member and the members a sincere friend. Therefore be it resolved, that this memorial be placed in the records of the Society, and that a copy be sent to his family. Respectfully submitted, S. Lothrop Davenport Worcester, Massachusetts December 3, 1942 CALIFORNIA AND THE CATALINA ISLANDS Dr. Charles H. Tozier, Boston, Mass. January 8, 1942 This afternoon I am going to give you some idea about the West Coast of our country, especially California. I spent last summer in California, traveling up and down the coast under the auspices of the Harvard School of Landscape Architecture, at Cambridge. As a result of this I was given permission to go into a great many gardens and a great many private homes that ordinarily one does not have the oppor- tunity to visit. I took over one thousand pictures in color and about three miles of moving pictures, also in color, many of which I shall show you today. The Yosemite is not as colorful as Brice Canyon, but affords many opportunities for pictures. Here the thing that impresses one the most is the great trees. They are impossible of description. These sequoia trees started, probably, before the birth of Christ, over two thousand years ago. The highest one is about 325 feet and perhaps 100 in cir- cumference. One looks on these trees with a feeling of awe and rever- ence— the greatest and oldest things in nature, truly "That tall, majestic monarch of the wood," as the blind poet of New England expressed it. Crossing the border into California we see the grizzly bear for whom California is the natural habitat and we are told that these animals were very common when the Forty-Niners came there. So much is the grizzly bear a part of California that a great statue in bronze has been erected, showing the grizzly bear with a youngster looking toward the West. The official flower of California is the poppy. As we go up into the High Sierras to take a trip in Yosemite Park we see beautiful vistas on every side and all along the road there are many interesting varieties of wild life, especially deer. The Bridal Veil Falls has been well named since the water sweeps out almost as a bridal veil. Sunset coming over the High Sierras is as beautiful as anything on earth. It is truly "My Country 'tis of Thee" and a sight one never forgets. 36 100th anniversary 1842-1942 In Golden Gate Park, in San Francisco, I saw some of the most beau- tiful begonias I have ever seen as to color, size and arrangement. There were also dahlias of rare beauty and great size. Here also is the famous aquarium with thousands of gay-colored tropical fish. At San Mateo is the beautiful estate of Stuart Edward White, great lover of animals and flowers. Here we see hollyhocks fourteen feet in height and roses at least eight to ten inches in diameter. From Palo Alto, home of Stanford University and of ex-President Herbert Hoover, we go on to Los Angeles where we see the magnificent Temple of Aimee Semple McPherson with its garden of thousands of lotus flowers. At Santa Barbara we see the two or three million dollar City Hall over the archway of which appear the words "God made the country, but the support of man has built the city." Here at Santa Barbara is also the famous old Mission. At Pasadena we see flower gardens of various types and also the finest cacti gardens in the world, owned by the well-known Wrigley family. Some varieties of cacti in this unusual garden are tree size; some have odd and beautiful blossoms, and still others have a fruit-like growth. I have included here pictures of some of the magnificent gardens you see in California. In one of these are sixty-five separate and distinct gardens, all beautifully laid out and as beautifully cultivated. The Wrigley estate stands at the entrance to Catalina Harbor and here we see the wharf with luxurious yachts at anchor in the bay. The great mausoleum of the Wrigley family stands on the hillside overlooking the harbor. The bird farm on the Wrigley estate is a place of very great interest with its collection of rare and beautiful birds. IN A HAWAIIAN GARDEN Mrs. Alice Cooper Bailey, Weston, Mass. January 15, 1942 "Aloha" means a great many things. In fact, it is the only word of greeting in all the Hawaiian language. It means good morning, good afternoon, farewell, my love to you; it means all these things according to the time of day and the tone of voice. The custom of giving the lei dates back to the very old days. Then only feather leis were worn by the royal family. All Hawaiians are great lovers of flowers and a flower lei has become a token of friendship and has played a very colorful part in history. The early missionaries, knowing that the wearing of the lei was connected with pagan wor- ship, discouraged its use, but due to the efforts of one of our Island's poets, the lei came back again into great popularity and because of it May Day became the Lei Day of Hawaii and it is almost a crime to appear on the streets that day without a lei. I find that people have a rather confused idea of just exactly where Hawaii is, particularly in reference to the Philippine Islands. I have often seen looks of surprise on the faces of people when they find Hawaii is closer to California than it is to the Philippines. There is, in fact, twice as much water between Hawaii and the Philippine Islands as there is between Hawaii and America. I find to a mistaken idea that Hawaii is one island or perhaps two or three islands. In fact it is a group of islands, like a great comet tail, extending fifteen hundred miles across the Pacific Ocean. The Hawaiian Islands are located 19 degrees north of the Equator so that they are really semitropical. For ten months of the year the Trade Winds blow across them which makes for the wonderful climate, with an average temperature of seventy all the year round. The rainfall is abundant but 78 per cent of the rain falls at night. In Hawaii one never speaks of rain. It is always called liquid sunshine. The jurisdiction of all these islands is vested in the city of Honolulu except for the Island of Midway which is owned by the United States Navy Department. The Original Horticultural Hall, 18 Front Street, Built in 1850. This Was the Home of the Worcester County Horticultural Society Until 1924. 40 100th anniversary 1842-1942 The alphabet consists of only twelve consonants and five vowels. The Italian sound is given to vowels and every vowel except "AI" and "AU" which are used as diphthongs is distinctly pronounced, and every vowel marks a syllable. The early Hawaiians who came to Hawaii from the Samoan group did not find Hawaii the beautiful garden country it is today. It is a very volcanic country and all its mountains are volcanic on which noth- ing but trees grow. The early Hawaiians were essentially an agricultural race and they invoked Nature and worshipped her. The days of long sunshine were days of the greatest growth hence they worshipped the sun. We think of weeding and mulching and fertilizing as rather new scientific knowl- edge, but we find that the early Hawaiians uprooted weeds because they found they absorbed the vital essentials of the soil, but they packed them back around the plants so they could be nourished by these same weeds. They took the ashes from their fires and put them around their taro plants, taro being their principal foodstuff. In fact, after all their con- tact with civilization, they still raise taro in precisely the same manner in which it was raised twelve hundred years ago, except for the fact they now use new plowing instruments instead of the old digging stick. You will find in all the gardens and much of the architecture of Hawaii the influence of the Japanese people. The Japanese make up a large part of the Island population. There are also a great many Korean people on the Island and about twenty- five thousand Chinese. In fact, it is said there are 127 nationalities in Hawaii. There are some fifty thousand alien Japanese in Hawaii who are prevented, of course, from becoming American citizens and there is also a great many who have dual citizenship. This has now become a very complicated situation. The Chinese gardens always emphasize the presence of man; the Japanese garden takes Nature for its model. The Hibiscus is the official flower of Hawaii because there are so many varieties. There are a great many varieties of palm in Hawaii. The Royal Palm was first brought to the Island by Dr. Garrett Judd and the original tree stood until a few years ago. The Monkey Pod tree is the loveliest of all shade trees and grows at 42 100th anniversary 1842-1942 a very furious rate. In early spring it will suddenly burst forth into a lovely canopy of fragrant flowers and has the curious habit of closing its leaves at night. A trader and early missionary from Milton, Massachusetts brought a little piece of Night-Blooming Cereus to the missionary ladies who planted it. There is now about a mile and a half, a solid mass of Night-Blooming Cereus which comes into bloom at night during the months of July through October. In the morning, with the coming of the sun, it folds up its petals. A single blossom is often a foot across and its perfume is extremely fragrant. The Poinciana is the only tree on the Island which loses its leaves. They will disappear for a fortnight then suddenly it bursts into lovely flowers and soft, velvety leaves. The gardens of Hawaii are not as we see them in New England. They are not made up of a great many beds of flowers to be cut, as we have in our gardens here, but are just wide expanses of lawn, palms, and great flowering trees. In Hawaii you will find a great many of the gardens where small flowers are grown are enclosed courtyard gardens. Hawaii is not in the hurricane belt, but it does have a strong Trade Wind which makes it a little difficult for flowers out in the open. One of the things every Hawaiian strives for, because of the brilliant sunlight, is a shut-in garden and it was due to the efforts of the Outdoor Circle, which is the Garden Club of Hawaii, that flowering trees were introduced into the Island twenty years ago. These trees are in bloom from April until August or September and these glorious flowering trees have done much to make Hawaii a fairyland in the spring months. We see avenue after avenue lined with the Golden Shower tree, making, after the blossoms have fallen, a veritable carpet of gold on the ground beneath. It was only perhaps ten or twelve years ago that it was discovered orchids would grow in Hawaii without any trouble at all. Apparently Hawaii has just the right climatic conditions for the growing of orchids and we now find various types of this flower growing out of doors. The Poinsettia, out of doors, grows into great trees of rare beauty. As we leave Hawaii, at sunset, all the colors in the world seem to merge in the ocean and in the sky. It is then we wish Aloha, farewell until we meet again. GARDENS TO LIVE WITH Dr. Hugh Findlay, New York, N. Y. January 22, 1942 The last time I saw you we were not facing that which we are facing today. We are facing a great crisis in America, a greater crisis than a matter of faith. It is the crisis when people sometimes feel that certain things are not necessary, among them, gardens. Sooner or later, how- ever, we will have to turn the soil and have faith in it; this wonderful American soil, the soil of defense, the soil that gives us our churches, our schools, our poetry, the soil that gives us life and everything that is worth while in life. Stop the soil from producing and we would starve. There is no greater gift that the Creator has given us than the soil because that soil teaches us to work. He has tried to teach us the truth about plant life, then He sends the sun to us, this wonderful thing, ninety-three million miles, in eleven seconds. Think of the speed! And what for? Why, it comes to the earth to build beauty and beauty is a necessity. So let us build gardens in America. To live a year without a rose is poverty. Then you ask me, what is a rose? A rose is Heaven's utterance of a kiss. There are fifteen hundred named hybrid perpetual roses in America. And how do you make gardens beautiful? By loving them enough. Did you ever try to make a five and ten cent garden? Let me tell you it can be wonderful. Someone once asked Victor Hugo how it was he grew old so grace- fully. He said, "I spend all my time at it." That is what the earth does. It spends all its time growing old gracefully and it never grows old. We have people saying today they are going to master the world. I believe with all my heart that you can master the world with love, in time, but you will never master the world by destruction and brutality. I have observed that buds really know a lot about Nature and through them the Creator is talking to us all the while. In fact, grass itself WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 45 is the very goodness of nature. Everything depends upon grass. It is the oldest thing on the earth's surface. Without grass man could not exist. Now, the thing for us to do is to make our soil, and that is a job, but every spade that you turn over is a defense bond for the earth's surface in America. I believe in buying all the defense bonds you can possibly buy, but I do not believe in letting your gardens get ragged just because you buy a bond. Some of the clay soil in New Jersey is so poor it will hardly support life, but we put about two inches of tobacco stems on the soil and then found a little stable manure and also some bone meal which is a poor man's fertilizer, but an excellent one. No one knows how long it lasts in the soil. We turned this soil six times and the soil that originally would not produce anything became so fertile that the results were indeed remarkable. Every time you expose the soil to the air you are feeding it plant food and every time you work in your garden you are putting a part of your eternity into the soil. I am desperately sorry for the individual who is everlastingly living what they call good so they can escape earth and go to heaven. You are in eternity now so let's make our eternity just as beautiful as we can. We do have to feed our plants but I believe it is a great mistake to pour high-power fertilizers on our soil. Please keep in mind your soil is a living, breathing thing and nothing will put it out of order any quicker than a lot of commercial fertilizers without any natural fer- tilizer. Acidity of the soil has a tendency to dwarf our perennials and our vegetables, so sweeten the soil. Dry blood is a natural fertilizer and produces astonishing results. The Chinese have a great reverence for the soil. In early times the Emperor held the golden plow and he was the first to turn the first furrow in spring. Then the earth was blessed and the farmer could go on with his work. This symbol of worship eventually became con-- taminated by getting two golden plows and three, and then they stopped it. Nitrogen is the leaf builder, phosphoric acid the seed builder, and potash the stem builder for plants. My standard for use is 5-10-5 — 5 per cent nitrogen; 10 per cent phosphoric acid, and 5 per cent potash. The Daphne in its native haunts comes from two thousand feet above WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 47 sea level, in China. Therefore, it doesn't do well when planted at sea level. If you bring plants into your garden whose natural habitat is perhaps two thousand feet above sea level they will feel it and many of them just can't live at sea level. When you build rock work in your garden try to make it seem as though Nature had deposited the rocks there. In other words, don't imitate Nature ; try to interpret her. Another thing I think every gardener in America has to learn is to leave some things out. There are two periods that I consider dangerous periods. One is in January when the seed catalogues come out. The other is early in spring when you rush out to plant. But get your soil ready first and plant your garden in simple form. Simplicity is the highest form of art and the simpler your garden is, the better. If there is one thing a horticultural society should do it is to have an exhibit of ornamental grasses. You can do anything you like and so it is with ornamental grasses. I recently talked to a Hollander about tulip bulbs and he said there are now practically no tulip bulbs in Holland and while we are raising pretty good bulbs in America they are never like the Holland bulbs. He told me if we were to start tomorrow it would take fifteen years to recover what has been destroyed. Don't be ashamed of your failures; make a record of them. Why not have a book in every garden horticultural society in America "Mis- takes I Have Made?" Don't sign your name, if you don't want to, but put down your mistakes. Don't let us get into our blood a hatred of plants because they hap- pen to come from some land that is making a mistake now. One lady in Congress advocated that all the Japanese cherry trees in Washington be cut down and some of them were. If we were to cut down all the shrubs and trees that have come to us from Japan and Germany our gardens would go begging. I am strong for the modern in architecture and in music but what we must realize is that much of our art today is not really art. Art is something which must be disciplined; true art must have a meaning and bring out the best in us. What is more beautiful than sunset in autumn, the ripening time of the year, and as we walk down the road dreaming of the passing of the years let us go down with a smile. THE MARCH OF THE SEASONS Mr. Percy A. Brigham, Arlington, Mass. January 29, 1942 The speaker this afternoon brought to the Society through the medi- um of colored motion pictures many beautiful gardens of both near-by Boston and the far West. The first pictures shown were those of the Arnold Arboretum at Jamaica Plain, Boston, owned and controlled by Harvard University, gardens devoted mainly to shrubs and trees and famous the world over for their extensive and varied collection of plants. The first pictures included the lovely magnolia, lilacs in a profusion of bloom, and cherry blossoms, all in their natural colors. The first azaleas, in May, open with white blossoms which, as the season progresses, become deeper in color — and this is true of all our blooms — there is an intensity in color as the summer advances. Early in June the rhododendrons take the spotlight of attention and they are truly magnificent. After the rhododendrons comes the lovely mountain laurel. The last flowering shrub to blossom is the witch-hazel which blossoms after its leaves have gone, just as the forsythia, one of our earliest blooming spring shrubs, comes into bloom before its leaves appear. The evergreens always present a lovely picture, particularly when the winter's snow lies heavily upon their branches. The Boston Public Gardens affords a charm and beauty with which no other garden can compare and it has now become very famous for its tulips. Tulip time in the Boston Public Gardens was brilliantly portrayed through the medium of natural color photography. Across the country, in Victoria, British Columbia, everyone has his garden. It is said to be the most English city in North America and where an Englishman goes, there goes his garden. The Empress Hotel, in Victoria, occupies seven or eight acres and Mr. Saunders, the gardener, makes a specialty of petunias in his gardens there. He has crossed and recrossed the various specimens until now they are a thing of rare beauty. Incidentally, color photography films purple extremely well, opinion to the contrary notwithstanding. 50 100th anniversary 1842-1942 In Victoria one sees many old English gates and here also will be found the lovely shasta daisy and phlox which blooms early in July. The reason Victoria is able to grow such lovely flowers is because during the winter months it is seldom colder than 42 degrees Fahrenheit and in the summer season the thermometer seldom rises above 62 de- grees. This climate is particularly conducive to the growth of roses which are lovely beyond description. Many totem poles are seen in Victoria, original with the British Co- lumbia Indians. They have been gathered from all sections of British Columbia and are of several types. While the true significance of the totem pole is not yet known it is believed to depict the history of the tribe. In Thunder Bird Park has been assembled and arranged a large collection of other Indian relics. In the very heart of the lovely city of Victoria is Beacon Park, com- prising about 145 acres and open to the public. Four lovely gardens in this city were photographed, one which spe- cialized in phlox, another which emphasized Spanish brush, a third in purple violas with a large measure of shasta daisies, and still another of fuchsias. The Buchart gardens, twenty miles out of the city of Victoria, origi- nally consisted of five distinct gardens; the sunken garden, the rose garden, the Italian garden, the English garden, and the Japanese garden, the Japanese garden having now been discontinued. A sum of $35,000 is expended annually for the upkeep of these delightful gardens and they are open to the public every day in the year. The sunken garden was originally an abandoned lime quarry which lent itself admirably to the requirements of a sunken garden. In the rose garden is found every flower that blooms in England and here also are flowers from all over the world. In the marvelous wild flower garden at Ranier National Park are over six hundred varieties of wild flowers. There are three varieties of Scotch heather, the red, the white, and the yellow. There is also arnica, mountain dock, columbine, lupine, and Indian paint brush in red and orange varieties. Some of these flowers are waist high. "About the flowers grave lessons cling, Let us softly steal like tread of spring And learn of them." SWITZERLAND'S HIDDEN VALLEY Madame Emile Hugli, New York, N. Y. February 5, 1942 Switzerland, the oldest living democracy in the world and the only democracy that is now functioning in enslaved Europe and which last summer celebrated the 650th anniversary of her independence. Approaching Switzerland from Italy one comes first to the Rhone Valley. Among the other souvenirs of Switzerland is the Roman tower which stands at an elbow bend of the Rhone Valley and at a commanding view of the upper and lower valleys. It was built by the Romans and was found by the Saracens several centuries later. The Saracens also left a souvenir in the black eyes and roses amongst the peasants now in the valley. The rivers in Switzerland are the source of all the principal rivers of Europe; the Rhone, the Rhine, the Danube, and the Po and concrete walls speak loudly of the constant battle which the inhabitants wage against these raging streams which would carry away months and months of patient toil if they were not restrained. As you approach the Hidden Valley you notice how scarred every- thing looks, how tumbled the hills. You wonder that anybody would ever have the courage to try to make a living among so many rocks. The approach to the Hidden Valley is over a road which for centuries was only a bridle path leading to the cliff which is really a bottle neck with a glacier for a stopper. Along the way we find the Anemone, a little bit different from the Anemone we see in this country because it is a fuzzy Anemone, each petal having a fur coat. They are of the various colors we have in this country, with well-developed blossoms so often found in Alpine flowers.. The inhabitants of the Hidden Valley are a very serious, sober people. In fact, they are definitely marked in character and looks by their age- long isolation from the world. One day of the year, however everyone is happy and merry and pleasantly excited. That is Corpus Christi day when the little girls with their starched muslins and wreaths of flowers, the soldiers with their red coats and white cross belts, their plumes and their muskets,. 100th anniversary 1842-1942 and the choir boys escorting the clergy in their clerical finery all proudly take part in the procession which winds around a road carved out of living rock toward the church where the great event comes to an end. And now a word about the flowers of Switzerland. The Swiss Alpine Rose, red, white and yellow, is the true Rhododendron with its glossy leaves, oblong in shape, and its small flowers of a penetrating color which stands out well in the refined air of the upper Alps. Another flower common to this country is the yellow Gentian which shoots up on a stem about a yard long. Its root is about as long as the stalk is high and being very juicy and round it is used to make that very potent liquor known as Gentian Water. The blue Gentian goes to the other extreme and has practically no stem at all. It springs right out of the ground. Its petals are tooth- shaped and break into a five pointed star of wonderful beauty. Eidelweiss, the native flower of Switzerland, is one of the most pecu- liar flowers you can imagine. Thousands of years ago, it developed its furry coat in order to protect it from the cold. Beneath the pine trees one might find Alpine Thistles which have no stem at all and grow right out of the ground. They have parchment- like petals which fold up at the touch of a rain drop. Charlemagne is said to have cured his army of the "flu" with a brew made from these flowers and consequently they have since borne the name of Charle- magne. The Fuzzy Hawk Weed in America is considered a pest but in Switzerland where it lies so regally in the snow its loveliness is unchal- lenged. The Fox Glove is a poisonous flower in Switzerland and we have it in yellow and purple and lavender. The glacial Crow's Foot grows at unbelievable heights, away up where the nights are arctic cold. It is so cold you would think all vege- tation would shrivel up, but there dainty blossoms open up their silken petals to the snow during the days and at night, when the sun goes down, close their petals and snuggle close to a rock. Up where you see no sign of soil the Toad Flax pushes down its thread-like roots through the crevices and rocks until it finds the soil it needs for growth. These flowers make a lovely showing of lavender with a bold touch of orange lipstick on their lower lips. Much care is taken in Switzeralnd to keep the herds pure. I don't 56 100th anniversary 1842-1942 know what a farmer would do if he found a red cow among his black and white ones. The same thing is true of goats. The Brunisalp glacier is the longest glacier in Europe, twenty-five miles of frozen sea. It moves in a definite downward surge from three to five inches a day. It is one of the most astonishing things to think of how it comes grinding relentlessly downward, an elemental force that nothing can stop or stem or turn aside. The Hidden Valley where time stands still; a bottle neck with a glacier for a stopper. NATURE'S TAPESTRIES Mr. Frank W. Barber February 12, 1942 The theme of my talk this afternoon on the subject of Nature's Tapestries has as its keynote the value of beauty in the world, the value of beauty as we see it and as it touches our natural eye, the value of beauty as we feel it when we cannot express it without Nature's voice. I want to show to you what beauty means, what part it plays in life as we touch it and as it touches us from day to day as we journey on this earthward way. The world is so full of beautiful things there must be a place in our eternal feelings for that beauty to play its part. So, first of all, let's get our minds and hearts in tune with the seeking for glorious beauties in the world. Some people don't realize that the sun in the morning as it comes back to greet our world is just about as beautiful as the sunset glow that says good night at the end of our busy day and so our first seeking for tapestries of beauty should be in our eastern sky. Don't neglect one of the benefits that we are going to derive for a few weeks from perhaps the untimely change of time. We will be up early enough to watch the sun come into our sky. It isn't necessary to go far to see these beauties. They are right out of our kitchen window. The place of water in this world of ours cannot be overestimated. You and I know that we would have no life if we had no water and you and I have within ourselves a reservoir in which we may store up beauty against the day when there seems to be no beauty anywhere about us. Flowers have their place in the world and it is to bring peace and beauty and loveliness into our souls. The parks which our cities have provided and care for are there to bring us peace and comfort and joy, the kind of joy you can't write about, the kind of joy you feel and cannot speak. Flowers are Nature's tapestries with which we can spread peace, joy, comfort, hope, and satisfaction amongst our friends. That is why we send flowers to our loved ones. On top of the world like a canopy we have a tapestry in blue. I have looked up through a birch tree into God's blue and I have seen a WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 59 tapestry. If you want to catch God's real message look up through a tree and get a tapestry in blue, or look at a church spire pointing up into God's eternal blue. There was a beautiful poem written a short time ago by a British flyer in which he says he had been riding so high up in the sky that he felt he could reach up his hand and touch the face of God ; and that is how the blue makes you feel, those glorious tapestries painted against the sky, God's tapestry of color against His blue. The snow brings a different kind of charm. The colder it is the clearer the atmosphere and the more beautiful the sky and the clouds and the blue- whiteness of the snow. When we reflect on things, think them over, we can almost always see more than when we first saw them. So the reflection in the pool, of flowers on the bank is usually more beautiful. Look back down into your life, go often into your beauty reservoir and take down from the walls of your memory those lovely things that have occupied your mind. There is no time in any day sweeter than twilight. That is the time when we come in. from the cares of the outside, when we should gather around with our families and reflect upon those things of worth in the day. Make more of your home, cherish it as a place where all things of beauty should be displayed, our best should be lived. It doesn't matter then if the snow does come, if the days get cold and the drifts of difficulty bury our house completely from sight for if we have these tapestries glowing in our souls no one can take their joys from us. And every day at its close take a look at the fading tapestries in the sky and look at God's good night of peace in the sky. I like to think upon it as a curtain of many colors, a curtain of beauty showing to you and to me that if we do our part during the hard work- ing hours of the day that God will do His part. Then, we may say with Browning: "God's in His Heaven All's right with the world." And peace will come again to this troubled world. Let your mind flow back into the beauties of life as they have touched you and think and live God's tapestries as they have come into your minds through Nature. 73 <— > 1—1 a C . ^ a 0 '2 D o it t/5 -C w uo 0 o c/i t/5 ~ w •— O U t/5 7j a L> o — 0 73 o u r-1 _r3 a. 5* U rj VI 'a, r- a. C ~r. 3 * 8 3 '-/■> 'Si u, 3 • COLOR, COMPOSITION AND DESIGN OF NEW ENGLAND GARDENS Miss Helen Boll, Boston, Mass. February 19, 1942 Robert Browning has said: "Beauty is given us that we may lend our minds out." A beautiful garden does just this. Through a garden the mind of its owner goes forth and spreads the message of joy, for beauty is joy and joy is beauty. Gardens can never be any of the things that are destructive. They can only at all times be the opposite. For at some point, no matter how simple it is, a garden will possess either color or composition or design and hence beauty. For a garden no one would deliberately plan an ugly composition; no one would deliberately plan an ugly composition of colors. So that when you have a garden you have an expression of the human being at his best, the human being deliberately lending his mind out for beauty's sake. In expressing beauty he is lifting himself higher and lending it out for others to see and to enjoy, he is helping his fellow-man. There is no other creative art that lies as easily within the grasp of everyone as is this art of making gardens. Within each one of us of the human race there is the longing to express ourselves through beauty. And so within the area of a little plot of ground it becomes possible to cultivate the seeds that will produce beauty. No one can see a beautiful sunset and be quite as small of stature again, and no one can hear a beautiful symphony and be quite as small of stature again. No one can plan and watch the development of his own garden and be quite as small of stature again. The growth of the seeds will result in blossoms in the soil of the earth as well as in the soil of the soul. That is why the increased interest in gardens and the spread of the garden club movement in the United States rings such a hopeful bell. It is the only universal activity which deals with pleasure at its best and it is only in its infancy. This young child has grown rapidly but it has within it potential powers that could raise the spiritual level of man- kind and in which I believe may lie the salvation of the human race. Within church bodies one finds friction. Within educational institu- 3 o t/-\ 00 3 o ci C 1> n Oh «! o 4—1 o -G H '0 o u 3 O t/5 o <-> - n .2 w • — < C/5 _Q CD n= y — P CD 64 100th anniversary 1842-1942 tions one finds discord. Within political factions one finds no harmony. Where but in a garden can one find only loveliness? The Honorable Leverett Saltonstall, at a meeting of the Garden Club Federation of Massachusetts, said: "There is no other occupation like gardening for developing spiritual qualities in human beings." How well you garden owners must know this and how great can be your contribution to your state. At each season of the year the horticulture is limited to and bounded by the particular season so that in any specific geographical territory there can be little variation as to horticulture. This being true I won- dered, as I began my garden pilgrimages, how much similarity I would find in the appearance of the gardens. I had forgotten the psycho- logical premise that no two people react to the same stimulus in the same way and it did not take me long to discover that no two gardens, unless deliberately copied one from another, would ever be alike; as composition or design. Since I am interpreting the word "Garden" as a spiritual force de- sign, in its spiritual sense, signifies order as opposed to chaos. For every work of art there must first be a need, then a means of expres- sion, and then the execution. Now the seed is the part of the design whence comes the fulfillment. And as every picture is created to give a favorable reaction, so every garden is a picture, so every garden is a work of art. We find some rare individuals who have made of life an art. For them things are timed nicely. There is variety, a nice scale in their sense of values and a good spotting. ACCENT OF FLOWERS IN YOUR HOME Mrs. Louise Thompson, New Rochelle, N. Y. February 26, 1942 Inasmuch as we have various backgrounds in our various homes I can merely give you suggestions in the arrangement of your flowers. How- ever, in your home, you are not tied down by rules and regulations. You can use exactly what you please in the variety of flowers and the type of container. Let's start in by going in the back door and talking about the house, room by room. The kitchen which is the busiest room in the house, is usually very much devoid of flowers and arrangements so may I sug- gest on your kitchen window sill you have a small window box which might even be a cheese box with a coat of paint, a little gravel soil and a few parsley plants. You will be surprised how much you are going to use that all winter. Or what about an empty marmalade jar with just a geranium in it? I have had good results in a jar that has no drainage, which is against all horticultural rules. Then we have the next room in which we eat our breakfast — the breakfast nook or dining alcove. The table is usually small and the meal is apt to be hurried and that is the one time when we need some- thing very bright on the table. So let me suggest there that your con- tainers be of heavy texture and that your flowers be hardy and bright; dahlias or a few daffodils. Notice when I make an arrangement for a table I start and work it as though I were doing an arrangement on one side only. That is the easiest way. Now for the room that is the dining-room. I would like to give you an idea for a spring luncheon table. Could anything be more spring-like than a bird cage? Daffodils have a very small stem so I am going to take three stems and put them together with a little piece of wire. If you have no wire let me suggest black or green button thread for this purpose. Sweet peas are another flower that have small stems so we bind two or three of them together. A little touch of Flaming Gerbera adds a delightful color note. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 67 For a tea table with a patriotic note I am going to do an arrangement using red, white, and blue candles and the accent in bright red carna- tions, setting the candles in the shape of a V — for Victory. If you don't want to use carnations, bright red anemone is equally lovely for this purpose. Around the entire setting I am using large individual ivy leaves, cutting the stems about an inch from the leaves and making a complete circle which resembles a victory wreath. In the bedroom and particularly our own bedroom, the most feminine room in the house, how often it is lacking in the flowers we all love. Here is one place where you should have flowers on your dresser, not a big bouquet, just an accent. There are only two things to remember, the container should be dainty and the flowers should be delicate and fragrant. I should like to do an arrangement to illustrate my thought for your bedroom. My container is pink. It could be yellow or pale green or blue. A touch of Acacia has a fragrance of its own and it can be dried and used as a basic background with other flowers. Here, for added fragrance, I am using a few white freezia and here again it is necessary to bind the stems because of their slenderness. When you are binding flowers together, don't try to do more than four — three is better. Bind them together and cut the stems after the wire is secure. Now, a few pink sweet peas to pick up the pink note of the container. If I were doing this arrangement for a man I would do it in a little more intense colors. We so often find men enjoy the cornflower or the single yellow daisy or the white daisy with the yellow heart. So frequently we have a guest room that we go to great trouble to have "just so" yet it is lacking in a little note of flowers which will be carried in the memory of our guests long after the visit is over. You don't have to have a large bouquet of exotic or unusual flowers. I have chosen this Mexican hand-blown water bottle because I find it blends with nearly every type of bedroom and it does not require many flowers. So again I have chosen freezia and there you have a very simple arrange- ment for the table beside the bed light. Most of us have had the experience of having some small child bring us a handful of blossoms with no stems at all. We don't want to throw them out so we must have something the size of the offering and the bedroom is a very nice place to put it because children realize that is an Main Street Between Pearl and Elm Looked Like This Forty Years Ago. Present Site of the Slater Building. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 69 intimate place to us, it is something close to us, so get something childlike. Before we talk about the living-room I would like to talk about the porch, which is an informal room where we have our wicker furniture, our chintzes at the windows and our window sills full of flowers in winter. Here the container must be of a heavier texture to fit the sur- roundings. And if it is an outdoor porch be sure to have something that will withstand wind and rain. Many of you have received from the flower shop a very beautiful pink or pale blue or silver basket which you have eventually put in the attic with the thought that it was too nice to throw away. Don't you think you can use that on your porch? Give it a coat of dark paint or something which will harmonize with your draperies. They are lovely for the summer flowers we like to gather and are equally suitable for dry arrangements in the fall. For my porch arrangement I have chosen a wine bottle in which I have arranged wheat in natural tones and dried and shredded palm. For color accent I have used a few poppies. Incidentally, if you pick poppies from your garden and want to preserve them for a long time, burn the stems or dip them in very hot water. If you pick poppies in your own garden I would recommend that you pick them just as the little buds are starting to break and you see the first touch of color. You will find you can then keep them at least a week. Now, let us consider the all-important living-room. Don't use too many flowers; don't use too many arrangements, because the color should act as an accent and not as something that stands out too promi- nently. I want to do an arrangement that would be suitable for a Colonial type home, one which could be used on an end table or book case. For that purpose I have chosen an old candle mould into which I have inserted four test tubes to hold the water. The pale pink snap- dragons against that soft gray green, the fragrant and delicate Freesias shading into a soft lavender and now just a spray of the foliage of the Freesia, delicate in itself, but very jaunty as well, to give you a little note of the line you get with the straight candle mould. >, o IT) > QJ ~0 o -a "° w ^ . £ c£ ft C J3 5 C oo 6 X'a c ~ 3 C < b o r -s 100^ ANNIVERSARY 1842 - 1942 v»- • — • — — V PRESIDENTS OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY John Green 1840-1844 Isaac Davis 1844-1848 John Milton Earle 1848-1851 Stephen Salisbury 2nd 1851-1857 Daniel Waldo Lincoln 1857-1860 Alexander H. Bullock 1860-1863 George Jaques 1863-1864 J. Henry Hill 1864-1867 Francis H. Dewey 1867-1871 George W. Richardson 1871-1872 George E. Francis 1872-1874 Obadiah B. Hadwen 1875-1876 William T. Merrifield 1876-1879 Stephen Salisbury 3rd 1879-1880 Francis H. Dewey 1881-1888 Henry L. Parker 1888-1895 Obadiah B. Hadwen 1895-1907 George Calvin Rice 1908-1909 Edward W. Breed 1910-1915 Arthur E. Hartshorn 1916-1917 Charles Greenwood 1918-1919 Leonard C. Midgley 1920-1921 David L. Fiske 1922-1923 Myron F. Converse 1924- INVITED GUESTS IN ATTENDANCE AT THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OBSERVANCE OF WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY April 9, 1942 Dr. Hugh P. Baker, President of Massachusetts State College, Amherst, and Mrs. Baker Mr. Edward I. Farrington, Secretary of Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and Mrs. Farrington Mr. Elmer Drew Merrill, Director of Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, and Mrs. Merrill Mr. Leon Marshall, Club Agent of 4-H Clubs of Worcester County, and Mrs. Marshall Mrs. John W. Higgins, President, Worcester Garden Club, and Mr. Higgins Mrs. Lewis A. Hastings, President, Merry Weeders Garden Club, and Mr. Hastings Mrs. Nathan T. Bascom, representing the Junior League Garden Club, and Mr. Bascom Mr. A. W. Lombard of the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture, and Mrs. Lombard Mr. George F. E. Story, Manager, Worcester County Extension Service, and Mrs. Story Mr. Charlie B. Jordan, Chairman, Massachusetts U.S.D.A. War Board, and Mrs. Jordan Mr. Horace M. Jones, State Club Leader of 4-H Clubs of Massachusetts, and Mrs. Jones Honorable William A. Bennett, Mayor, City of Worcester, and Mrs. Bennett Mr. Chandler Bullock, Treasurer, American Antiquarian Society, and Mrs. Bullock Mr. Clarence S. Brigham, Director, American Antiquarian Society, and Mrs. Brigham Rev. Dr. Maxwell Savage of First Unitarian Church, Worcester Mr. Walter S. Young, President, Worcester Natural History Society, and Mrs. Young Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport, President, Worcester County Farm Bureau, and Mrs. Davenport Dr. Hugh Findlay of New York, Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture of Columbia University, and Mrs. Findlay SHORT HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY By Eugene O. Parsons "The history of this Society is something to marvel at. We can very well afford at this time to congratulate ourselves on what we have here — this beautiful building, the finest of its kind in the world. More- over, financially we are, I believe, the wealthiest horticultural family in the world, based on a per capita of membership. Our activities in the field of exhibits and lectures are unsurpassed. But even more impor- tant, our greatest wealth is to be found in the story of devotion of the many members who have served it in one way or another since its organization. "The founder of the Society was William Lincoln, evidently a very charming man. He was the youngest son of Levi Lincoln who was a lover of horticulture and a leader in the old Worcester Agricultural Society, one of our parent organizations. It was his son, William, who can rightly be called the founder of our present Society. "In 1840 William Lincoln thought the time had come to found a horticultural society in Worcester. During the summer the women of the town who were active at that time securing funds for the comple- tion of Bunker Hill Monument held a successful fair in the old Town Hall on Worcester Common. The horticulturists here contributed to this fair and enjoyed it so much that William Lincoln was inspired to hold a purely horticultural show. From an admission price of twelve and one-half cents $207.90 profit was realized and at the conclusion of this exhibit the formation of a horticultural society here was beyond the discussion state. On March 3, 1842, the Society was incorporated 'To advance the science and encourage and improve the practice of horticulture.' "There were those on the side who scoffed and said that a horticul- tural society could never flourish in a small center like Worcester (the population then being but 8,000) but in 1846 the struggling Society, with just over $1,000 in its treasury, received a gift of $3,000 from the Honorable Daniel Waldo. As a result of this munificence it was able to rent quarters in the Waldo Block and its nomadic existence came to an end. WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1942 75 "By the practice of frugality at every turn the Society built up its funds until in 1850 it was able to buy a lot on Front Street for a build- ing of its own. This lot cost $6,847.30. There was then nothing left in the treasury with which to build, but the faith of some of the mem- bers was such that they endorsed the Society's note for a bank loan and Horticultural Hall was built at a cost of $11,278.35. "Work with children has been an ideal of this Society since its early days. The Beaver City Gardens for children, on Chandler Street, was influenced in its inception by this Society. Another aspect that has meant much to its vitality has been its social festivals, such as we are enjoying tonight. The first was held October 1, 1852, with more than 300 ladies and gentlemen present. "In 1892, when the Fiftieth Anniversary was celebrated, the social festival achieved monumental proportions. The printed menu and the dance orders bristled with appropriate quotations from Shakespeare and other classics. So do many of the old fruit and vegetable reports. "Among the children of this Society, sprung out of it by a process of evolution or through a spiritual generation, I have so far discovered the Bee Keepers Association, a mushroom club, the Massachusetts Fruit Growers Association, the Market Garden Association, the old Alfalfa Club, and the Worcester Garden Club. "Its greatest contribution to the city is to be seen in the park system created here by members of the Society, serving the city with knowledge and inspiration which they received through their activity in this Association." TRUTH FROM THE SOIL Dr. Hugh Findlay Address at Our One Hundredth Anniversary Reunion The blossom and fruit of this year is on last year's wood and the wood of thousands of years. So the history of Horticulture is from a million-year-old dust and the memory of all the gardeners from the beginning. Time Time had no birth, will never know a death And yet it starts all motion, brings to end Each day, each night, and holds our precious breath In its reflecting and mysterious hands. This noiseless moving element of time Spins every life, leads death with tender hand; But never slumbers when with flawless rhyme It sings of truth as seasons swiftly pass. Time touches each heart gently as a dream That lays its fingers on the memory harp, And brings a healing out of every beam From the eternal light, impartial star. "The History of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society," said Presi- dent Hovey in 1865, "is the history of horticulture in this country." This energetic gentleman covered a vast space in his statement without giving credit to George Washington who made a special study of trees and shrubs at Mount Vernon. Thomas Jefferson wrote in longhand, one of the first books on Horticulture in this country. The culture of plants was a vital factor in the life and living of everyone who came to the soil of America. Before white man the Indians cultivated corn, pumpkins, sweet potatoes and the plum was a prayer taken from the time the Sun- Father and the Moon-Mother first looked on the face of the red man. 78 100th anniversary 1842-1942 I can but briefly touch on the hundred years of effort in this chosen profession while dreaming into a soil that is millions upon millions of years old. The inner soundings of the soil are seldom heard above the mechanical rumbling of today's machines. Robert Manning, the schol- arly secretary and historian, heard with his inner soul the soil at its work and recorded some of those vital songs of truth, published in 1880. We learn from the sagas that Leif and Thorwald, Scandinavians, landed in the tenth century at a place which they called Vinland. Champlain found the vine here six hundred years later, and Edward Russell wrote home from Plymouth in 1621 that this was a land of vines as well as of berries and roses. "The aboundant encrease of corne proves this countrey to be a won- derment. Thirtie, fortie, fif tie, sixtie, are ordinarie here; yea, Joseph's encrease in Egypt is outstript here with us. Our planters hope to have more than a hundred fold this yere. And all this while I am within compasse. What will you say of two hundred fould and upwards." The Rev. Francis Higginson boasted in 1629, "Our turnips, parsnips and carrots are here both bigger and sweeter than is ordinarily to be found in England. There are stores of pompions, cowcumbers and other things of that nature of which I know not." Another early writer speaks of grapes that were four inches around, but it may be that some of these early horticulturists exaggerated a little in their enthusiasm, even as John Josselyn, who is quoted as saying, "There are pond frogs in Massachusetts chirping in Spring like sparrows and sitting a foot high, in addition to radishes as big as a man's arm." Early gardening had its difficulties, though, for John Hull recounts that in 1661 fasts were held in Salem for deliverance from caterpillars and other destructive insects. One of the worst is "a bug that lies in the earth and eateth the seed — of a white colour with a red hear and about the bignes of one's finger and an inch or an inch and a half long." (Larva of the May beetle.) Pomology began when Governor Winthrop planted the seeds of Pippins on the island in Boston Harbor which has now become Gover- nor's Island, but which first was called the "Governor's Garden." Probably, however, Governor Endicott, who planted trees in Salem as early as 1628, should be called our first nurseryman. He obtained his stock by exchanging land at the rate of one acre for two young trees. Early settlers soon discovered the delectable qualities of "syder" o J3 60 us, u c t/s C v E x « ■ «-i 60 <-m o T3 6* 2x O<_60 22 . o >> 60 c M • - > u