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Transactions of Worcester County I Horticultural Society
Officers for the Year 1947 Reports of the Officers and Lectures
Year Ending December 5, 1946 30 Elm Street, Worcester, Massachusetts
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
For the Year 1947
PRESIDENT
MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester. Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
MRS. HOMER GAGE HERBERT R. KINNEY
Worcester, Mass. Worcester, Mass.
ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, of North Grafton Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street
TREASURER
BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester
TRUSTEES
John J. Bridgman Andrew W. Love Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Ralph C. Breed Chesterfield Fisk'e Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter Albert W. Schneider H. Sidney Vaughan Mrs. Emily S. Taft Myron S. Wheeler
Auburn Auburn Sutton Clinton Northboro Boylston Boylston Shrewsbury Shrewsbury Auburn West Boylston Clinton Northboro Oxford Berlin
Ernest P. Bennett Worcester
Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester
J. Frank Cooper Worcester
Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester
Mrs. Florence C. Emory Worcester
Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Worcester
Ernest Hansen Worcester
Allen W. Hixon Worcester
Allyne W. Hixon Worcester
Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Worcester
H. Ward Moore Worcester
Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester
George F. E. Story Worcester
Leslie E. Winter Worcester
Robert S. Illingworth Worcester
Harry Harrison, 1947
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Malcolm C Midgley, 1948
Myron F. Converse, 1949
NOMINATING COMMITTEE
Harold S. Bowker, 1947 Edward A. Bigelow, 1948
E. Stanley Wright, 1949
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney Dr. Burton N. Gates
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Florence E. Field, Librarian
ON NOMENCLATURE
J. Frank Cooper Allen J. Jenkins
S. Lothrop Davenport Charles Potter
Mrs. Amy W. Smith Ernest Hansen Herbert R. Kinney
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Chesterfield Fiske Allyne W. Hixon
Mrs. William W. Taft Charles Potter
Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Elizabeth R. Bishop
Andrew W. Love Allen W. Hixon
H. Ward Moore Herbert R. Kinney
Mrs. John D. Hassett . Mrs. Bertha G. Denny
Mrs. Florence E. Field William E. Morey
William B. Midgley Leslie E. Winter
William Todd Myron F. Converse, President S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
AUDITORS
Harry C. Midgley Harrison G. Taylor
JUDGES
Plants and Flowers: William B. Midgley, Worcester
Fruit: Andrew W. Love, Auburn
Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester
MEDAL COMMITTEE
Myron F. Converse, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport
Allen W. Hixon
ON WINTER MEETINGS
Myron F. Converse, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Mrs. Herbert P. Emory Albert H. Inman
Herbert R. Kinney H. Sidney Vaughan
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
William B. Midgley Judge oj Plants and Flowers
President's Address
To the Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The history of a successful organization consists in a large measure in the completion of a series of objectives which bring a feeling of satisfaction to those who have participated in such accomplishments, and so it is in this Society where each succeed- ing generation has found joy in the attainments of its day. Thus, we hold in reverence the memory of those who have contributed to the success of this splendid achievement. In our associations we, too, find contentment in conducting the affairs of this Society, especially as the work is dedicated to the promotion of the art of horticulture which emphasizes to the people of this community the bounty and beauty of nature.
The accomplishments of the past year mark another milestone. The course of Winter Meetings included lectures each Thursday afternoon, beginning in January, continuing until the arrival of spring, and concluded with the Annual Reunion held on March 28, an occasion which affords opportunity for social contacts which are not present at other times in the year. The speaker on this evening's program was the Reverend Doctor Clarence E. Hellens, of Shrewsbury, whose subject entitled "Guns and Flowers "was presented in a most interesting manner. The enter- tainment following the address of the evening consisted of a musical program presented by the Mildred Barrett Bigelow Trio assisted by Robert A. Rissling, baritone, and also by Louise Sprague Eaton, reader.
The Spring Show, as always, opened the season's exhibitions. It is so timed each year that it presents a cheery outlook at the start of the springtime. The weekly exhibits followed and were continued throughout the flowering season. These undertakings together with the charm of the Chrysanthemum Show, including an unusually good display of apples and vegetables, rounded out a complete program which, however, would have availed but little had it lacked any of the enthusiasm with which the exhibi- tors entered upon the tasks necessary to bring about this happy result.
6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
The Children's Department has been one of special interest, and its continued development is most gratifying.
On Thursday afternoons during the summer months, Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick conducted a course of instruction in flower arrangement, which enjoyed a good attendance and ex- cellent attention. It is planned that this program will be continued.
The members of the various garden clubs of Worcester co- operated with the Worcester Garden Club in arranging an exhibit presented in conjunction with our Spring Show, which created much new interest in various garden projects.
The Library with which we are so familiar has continued its useful service under the able supervision of Mrs. John A. Field, our librarian, and with the support of the Library Committee of which Airs. Frank C. Smith, Jr., is chairman. Mrs. Smith as chairman succeeded our late associate Mr. Edward W. Breed. Mr. Breed rendered untold service to this Society, respecting which a resolution will be presented at an appropriate time during this meeting.
The members of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibi- tions have held dinner meetings each year with some of the exhibitors who have indicated special interest in planning the year's program, and many helpful suggestions have emanated therefrom.
The purchase of the Harriet E. Clarke real estate located on Chestnut Street, and which adjoins our Elm Street property on the southerly side, has added greatly to the convenient con- duct of our exhibits.
And now we are about to enter upon the work of another year, unfettered — we hope — by any of the exacting regulations proper- ly imposed in wartime, but at other times most inappropriate in a land of free enterprise.
May we accept with good grace the responsibilities resting upon us and perform our duty with fidelity.
Respectfully submitted,
Myron F. Converse, President
Worcester, Massachusetts December 5, 1946
Secretary's Report, 1946
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Winter Meetings
The 1946 series of Winter Meetings was presented during January and February on each Thursday afternoon beginning on January 3, with the exception of January 10, when our building was being used for the Union Agricultural Meetings.
The first lecture, "Gardens Across America," was presented on January 3, by Miss Alice Chauncey of New York. She showed many fine garden pictures starting at Vancouver, B. C, then down through southern California to the Catskills in New York, then Williamsburg, Va., and on to the Cypress Gardens in the Carolinas. She called attention to the fact that entering Victoria is just like entering Surrey, England, as the climate, homes, gardens and people are both alike, as this section was settled by the English.
On January 17, Mr. Leonard Craske of Gloucester gave his lecture, "Round Gloucester with a Color Camera," before a capacity house. This was the outstanding lecture of the series with beautiful colored pictures depicting the four seasons. Some of these pictures took hours and some years to get, waiting to catch them at just the right time, and then presented in a pleasing manner.
On January 24, Air. Laurence L. Barber, of Arlington, gave his lecture on "Flowers and Gardens," and on February 21, Mr. Milford W. Wall, of New York, presented his lecture on "New England Throughout the Year." Both of these lectures presented many fine pictures taken throughout New England, stressing the beauty spots right at home.
On January 31, Dr. John B. May, of Cohasset, presented his lecture "A Naturalist Among the Wild Flowers." Dr. May showed many interesting and beautiful pictures of wild flowers taken throughout the year.
8
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
On February 7, Dr. Marinus James, of Norwood, Mass., presented pictures of the Canadian Rockies. This lecture was well presented in spite of the fact that the lecturer was practically blind. He showed some beautiful pictures of Lake Louise and Jasper National Park, the glaciers, and mountains, portraying the Northwest as one of the show places of the world.
On Feb ruary 14, Mrs. Chester Cook, of Lexington, gave her lecture "Flower Arrangement with Spring Flowers/' Mrs. Cook made various flower arrangements with the season's flowers, showing the use of different vases and containers, making the arrangement to fit the home, often using inexpensive mate- rials, but always keeping in mind the design you plan to make.
The last lecture of the series, "This Green World," was given on February 28, by Mr. Rutherford Piatt of New York. This lecture was of an entirely different type. It was in the nature of a trip through the fields and woods, and showed the develop- ment of nature through the seasons, portraying the various de- signs of growth and color, and the blending of colors to bring out the beauty of nature throughout the year.
Annual Reunion
The Annual Reunion of the Society was held on Thursday eve- ning, March 28, with a reception in the Library, which had been decorated with palms and spring flowers, followed by a banquet in the dining room, after which, President Myron F. Converse introduced the speaker of the evening, Dr. Clarence E. Hellens, of Shrewsbury, who spoke on "Guns and Flowers."
He commented on the fact that even in the time of war, many of the soldiers note and comment on the various flowers found growing in the trenches, and how ugly many of our cities are, and how the beauty of our country is being destroyed, and what a marvelous change the planting of a few well placed plants and flowers makes, and what effect the surroundings have on the lives of our people. New England is a land of beauty and we should all strive to keep it so.
Later all adjourned to the auditorium to enjoy a concert presented by the Mildred Barrett Bigelow Trio assisted by Robert A. Rissling, baritone, and Louise Sprague Eaton, reader.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
9
Beautifying the Home Grounds
With the end of hostilities came a period of reconstruction, with the building of homes and more time available to improve our home surroundings, it seemed most fitting that the Society should offer a course of lectures on "Beautifying the Home Grounds. " This course consisted of five lectures held each Thursday evening, beginning on April 4 and running through May 2.
The first two lectures were given by Professor Lawrence S. Dickinson, of the Massachusetts State College, taking up the "Making and Care of Lawns/' covering soils, fertilizers, seeds, seeding, care, etc.
The other three illustrated lectures were presented by Dr. Donald Wyman, horticulturist of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, iMass., covering shrubs, trees, woody vines, and hedges that are most desirous for home planting, placing special emphasis on those plants that have at least two seasons of beauty.
The average attendance at these classes was about seventy- five, although at one lecture on lawns there were about one hundred present.
Flower Arrangement Workshop
Again this year, the Society held a series of eight classes on flower arrangement work. These classes were held on Thursday afternoons, beginning June 13 and ending on September 26 and were under the supervision of Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick.
The course covered the selection and treatment of plant material, vases and holders, design in flower arrangement, line and mass arrangement, color, dining-room table arrangement, exhibitions, and winter bouquets with dried material.
These classes were well attended, and during the latter part of the course, some of the pupils entered exhibits in our Thursday shows.
Exhibitions of 1946
The exhibitions of 1946 followed the general lines of previous years with a few new classes added which helped to improve the shows. However, the greatest change came in the amount and quality of materials shown and the new exhibitors who came in,
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
all of which helped to make the shows of 1946 the best we have had for some time.
The showings of fruits and vegetables during the year have not been up to the good shows of the prewar years. The shortage of fruit, however, was largely due to the unusual weather condi- tions which destroyed a large per cent of the fruit of this section. The vegetable exhibits have not increased greatly and if it were not for some of the home gardeners, the vegetable shows many times would have been very small. We did have, however, a few new exhibitors and expect as soon as labor conditions on the farm improve, to again have more and better vegetable exhibits.
The 1946 season opened with the Spring Show from March 14 to 17 inclusive. This was an attractive show with the halls filled with a great many spring flowers and flowering shrubs. Very few fruits or vegetables were shown, but the display of carnations was the best in many years, with eighteen baskets and vases.
On May 16, the regular weekly shows began and these con- tinued throughout the season. Some of the outstanding things of the year were the weekly showing of roses, beginning on June 13 and continuing practically to the end of the season.
On June 27 and July 5, Mrs. Ada Mansfield, of Sutton, ex- hibited some of the most outstanding delphiniums we have ever had. Then the tuberous-rooted begonias which were shown weekly during the season added a great deal to the exhibits.
Beginning July 25 and through August, the showing of many lots of high quality gladioli helped a great deal to make the shows most attractive. We must, however, give credit to those exhibitors, who week in and week out, often under most trying conditions, put on fine, high quality exhibits of flowers, fruit and vegetables, which are, after all, the mainstay of our exhibits.
The season ended with the chrysanthemum show from Novem- ber 7 to 10 inclusive, and acclaimed by many, as the most out- standing exhibition for years. All exhibition space was well filled with very high quality chrysanthemums of many types and colors, besides other flowers, fruits, and vegetables.
The showing of vegetables was very good and it seemed like old times to have Mr. Kinney once more show some of his excel- lent vegetables.
The exhibition of fruit was the best in years, not only in
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946 11
arrangement, but quality and number of exhibitors. The exhibi- tion of new variety of apples from Nova Scotia, Ohio, and New York was a new feature and created considerable interest.
Children's Exhibits
The children's exhibits this season were held on Thursday afternoons as part of the regular exhibits. Six shows were held beginning on July 25 and ending on August 29. These classes called for both cultivated and wild flowers as well as vegetables.
The first part of the season, the classes, especially the seniors, were not well filled, but as the season advanced more entries came in and at the last exhibition most of the classes were well filled. In fact, we had a full house. We had some new exhibitors this season but we still have room for more, especially in the senior group.
Conference of Exhibitors
On Friday evening, November 22, about forty-five exhibitors gathered for the third annual conference. This was a pleasant and profitable evening spent in discussing many phases of our exhibits, and making recommendations to be considered by the Committee of Arrangements in making up the 1947 premium list.
Some of the suggestions were as follows: increase the call for more vegetables in the November show to include carrots, cauli- flower, etc.; increase the size of call for the fruit display and require more than one kind of fruit in this call; limit the amount of material in a market basket; improve the call for wild flowers; add a class of flower arrangement in the November show; also a call for dried arrangement in place of the call for dried material.
The Society should also consider the desirability of granting a certificate or award of merit for outstanding exhibits and to plan for a special judge for the flower arrangement classes.
Respectfully submitted,
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
December 5, 1946
Treasurer's Report
For the Year Ending December 4, 1946
STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES
Expenditures
Income
Rents: Hall $1,972.50
Stores 45,000.00 $46,972.50
|
Permanent Funds: |
|
|
Membership Fund. . |
$101.60 |
|
Bigelow Fund |
20.00 |
|
Blake Fund |
46.00 |
|
Coulson Fund |
21.50 |
|
Draper Fund |
10.00 |
|
Dewev Fund |
20.10 |
|
Eames Fund |
18.00 |
|
Hadwen Fund |
15.00 |
|
Morse Fund |
10.50 |
Membership Fees
Interest Earned:
Permanent Funds. .
Investments
Rebate on Advance Pavments on Note
$146.10 243.65
6.67
262.70
200.00
596.42
Educational Program (Banquet
Tickets) 277.50
Federal Taxes Withheld 547.80
Other Income 150.00
Money Borrowed on Note of the
Society 18,000.00
Telephone Tolls 11.15
Total $66,798.07
Cash Balance, December 5, 1945 8,811.51
$75,609.58
Library $57.15
Periodicals 71.85
Publications 1,200.00
Educational Program 1,762.70
Premiums of:
|
1946 |
$7,462.25 |
|
Special |
58.50 |
|
Children's |
223.95 |
|
Bieelow Fund . . . . |
20.00 |
|
Blake Fund |
46.00 |
|
Coulson Fund . . . . |
21.50 |
|
Draper Fund |
10.00 |
|
Eames Fund |
18.00 |
|
Hadwen Fund .... |
15.00 |
|
Morse Fund |
10.50 |
Expense :
Exhibitions . .
Office
Operating. . . . Miscellaneous
Maintenance :
Furniture and Fix- tures
Real Estate
$405.35 651.69 603.72 753.59
$56.40 1.066.45
7,885.70
2,414.55
1,102.85 4,215.00
Salaries
Interest Paid on Mortgage (Front
Street) 1,560.00
Interest Paid on Note 282.50
Interest Added to Permanent Funds 146.10
Interest Returned to Investments 243.65
Insurance 970.26
Light, Heat and Water 1,457.57
Janitor Service 5,625.25
Transfer to Membership Fund. . . 200.00 Collector of Internal Revenue tor
Income Taxes Withheld 584.60
Balance of Purchase Price of
Clarke Property 25,000.00
Parking Lot — Development 5,658.69
Emergency Lighting Equipment . 2,242.04
Reduction of Note 14,000.00
Total $74,480.24
Cash Balance December 4. 1946 1,129.34
$75,609.58
STATEMENT OF GAINS AND LOSSES
Gains
Unexpended Balances of:
Appropriations Un-
assigned $1,022.75
Children's Exhibi- tions 76.05 $1,098.80
Income from Permanent Funds. . 262.70
Membership Fees 200.00
Rents 46,972.50
Other Income 150.00
$48,664.00
Losses
Appropriations $15,000.00
Depreciation 14,890.87
Special Permanent Fund Pre- miums 199.50
Expense Accounts 2,405.20
Insurance 970.26
Interest 1,592.18
Janitor Service 5,625.25
Light, Heat and Water 1,457.57
Maintenance Accounts 1,102.85
Periodicals 71.85
Publications 1,200.00
Educational Program 1,485.20
Total $41,798.71
Net Gain to Surplus 6,865.29
$48,664.00
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Assets
$1,080.50 Bk. 566.77 518.97 554.20
Permanent Funds (Investment) People's Svgs. Bk.
(Had wen Fund).. Wor. Five Cents Sa\ (Draper Fund). . . (Eames Fund) . . . (Morse Fund) . . . (Bigelow Fund)
(Income)
Worcester Mech. Sav (Blake Fund) .... (Dewey Fund) . . . (McWilliam Fund) Wor. Co. Inst, for Sav. (Coulson Fund) . . U. S. Ser. G 23^% Bond, 1955-58.. .
Bk
51.94
1,175.72 1,000.00 246.29
1,058.25
1,000.00 $7,012.44
Investments :
Wor. Co. Inst, for
Sav $4,075.46
Wor. Five Cents Sav.
Bank 4,215.56
Wor. Mech. Sav.
Bank 4,077.80 12,566.62
Membership Fund 5,270.00
Furniture and Fixtures 16,444.19
Library 1,122.19
Petty Cash Account 50.00
Real Estate 500,000.00
Cash 1,129.54
$545,594.78
Liabilities
Bigelow Fund:
Principal $1,000.00
Income 51.94
Blake Fund:
Principal 1,000.00
Income 175.72
Coulson Fund:
Principal 1,000.00
Income 58.25
Dewey Fund:
Principal 1,000.00
Income
Draper Fund:
Principal 500.00
Income 66.77
Eames Fund:
Principal 500.00
Income 18.97
Had wen Fund:
Principal 1,000.00
Income 80.50
Mc William Fund:
Principal 200.00
Income 46.29
Morse Fund:
Principal 500.00
Income 54.20
Mortgage Note (Front St. Prop- erty) 54,000.00
Note Payable to Worcester County
Trust Company 4,000.00
Taxes Withheld for Account of
Collector of Internal Revenue 86.00
Surplus :
Balance, Dec. 5,
1945 $491,451.05
Net Gain, 1946. . . . 6,865.29 498,296.54
$545,594.78
Respectfully submitted,
B. W. Greenwood, Treasurer
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
15
AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATE
I have made an examination of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society tor the year ended December 4, 1946. In my opinion the accompanying Balance Sheet, Statement of Income and Expense with Surplus, correctly set forth the financial condition of the Society as of December 4, 1946, and the results of its operations as of that date.
Adah B. Johnson, Auditor
Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1946
We have caused an audit of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society to be made for the year ended December 4, 1946, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved.
Respectfully submitted, Harry C. Midgley, Harrison G. Taylor,
Auditors
Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1946
Librarian's Report
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
In submitting my annual report, it is gratifying to note our reference readers during the year, including those using books in the Library and those taking books out, reached a total of nearly seven hundred, one hundred more than last year's total.
Unusual interest in books on the subject of trees has been shown this year. Always near the top is the subject of flower arrangement, and m the culture of special flowers, books on roses and lilies take the lead in garden flowers. Another popular inter- est has been shown in books on house plants.
Among the four thousand volumes on our shelves today, we have many rare editions and unusual and systematic groups of books on special and all subjects in horticulture.
The ambition of your Library Committee is to make the Library more useful and effective. Its remarkable character should be more generally known, not only among the members of our Society, but among students making research in Horti- culture.
Library accessions for 1946:
Indian Harvest, Lucas and Carter, 1945.
This Green World, Rutherford Piatt, 1945.
New Crops for the New World, Charles M. Wilson, 1945.
Flowers in Britain, L. J. F. Brimble, 1944-1945.
The Friendly Evergreens, L. L. Kumlien, 1946.
Geraniums, Pelargoniums, Helen VanPelt Wilson, 1946.
Guide to Southern Trees, E. S. and J. G. Harrar, 1946.
Flower Shows and How to Stage Them, Adele S. Fisher, 1938.
The Gardener's Bug Book, Cynthia Westcott, 1946.
Field Book oj American Wild Flowers, F. Schuyler Mathews, 1946.
Facts about Flower Arrangement, Mrs. Winifred Teele.
Knowing Your Trees, G. H. Collingwood, 1937.
House Plants Unusual, Allen H. Wood, Jr., 1941.
Grow Them Indoors, Allen H. Wood, Jr., 1936.
The Window Garden, Bessie Raymond Buxton, 1944.
Make Your Own Merry Christmas, Anne Wertsner, 1946.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946 17
Garden Lilies, Alan and Esther Macneil, 1946. American Rose Annual jor 1946. Gladiolus Year Book, 1946. Delphinium Year Book, 1945.
Herbertia, Year Book of the American Plant Life Society, formerly The Amaryllis Society.
Bulletins from Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Mass., Cornell University Experiment Station, The Arnold Arboretum, and The American Iris Society have been received as usual through the Year.
Our usual number of valuable periodicals for reading in the Library have been currently received.
Respectfully submitted,
Florence E. Field, Librarian
December 5, 1946
Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The 1946 exhibition season opened with spring gardens in the main hall and west room. The Spring Shows, with their well- groomed garden displays of tulips, narcissi and other early blooms do much to raise the morale of the general public after the trying war years.
Carnations and plant displays in the lower hall were of excellent quality and well arranged.
The May show, though not large, was creditable, with pansy collections perhaps the most outstanding in the competitive classes.
The June exhibits had more entries and as the season progressed competition became more keen in the flower arrangement classes. Peonies, though not too plentiful, were nicely displayed. The collections of roses shown were of high quality, some worthy of special mention. Iris were effectively shown, there being several outstanding varieties.
During July, regal lilies and delphinium made their appearance. Some of the delphinium shown were without question among the finest ever exhibited here. Tuberous-rooted begonias were very fine, brought in by a number of exhibitors throughout the sum- mer and fall seasons. In the calls for gladioli there were many beautiful specimens displayed singly and collectively. Many were used in vase and table arrangements with pleasing effects.
Summer annuals, namely asters, calendulas, marigolds, sal- piglosis and other old stand-bys seemed to be lacking in quantity and quality, due in part to the inclement weather in the spring.
Zinnias as usual were plentiful and of fair quality. Dahlias were shown in small numbers.
The exhibitors of cut flower displays throughout the season deserve a great deal of credit for their outstanding entries of well- grown stock and artistic arrangements.
20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
The children's exhibits were shown in the west room from July 15 to August 29, inclusive. Competition at times was close. Some, no doubt, will be graduated at some later date to the main hall where they will be welcome, especially in some of the classes where there are few or no exhibitors.
When chrysanthemum season arrives we realize we are nearing the end of another year of labor in the open with the elements.
The Fall Show brought to us the commercial growers and gardeners from estates. Their material was exceptionally well grown and their garden displays showed much forethought in planning.
There were several entries of the standard and pompon varieties as well as baskets of other types.
Terrariums and fern globes were very nice, representing many hours of searching in the open to gather materials and hours more to assemble same.
I felt honored in having the able assistance of Air. Charles Potter and Mr. Samuel Goddard in making decisions in the spring and fall exhibitions.
Respectfully submitted, William B. Midgley, Judge oj Plants and Flowers December 5, 1946
Report of Judge of Fruit for 1946
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
For the third consecutive year abnormal spring weather seriously affected fruit crops in Massachusetts. March was like May and May like March. The apple buds developed fast and the bloom opened early only to run into a subnormal tem- perature period with excessive rainfall. Apple set and pollina- tion were seriously affected. We had a bad frost and a lot of low elevation orchards lost their crops.
Strangely, peaches survived better than apples. The pear crop was cut two-thirds. In the rainy period apple scab got away from those growers who rely on dusting and so the Mcin- tosh crop this year was quite scabby. Many orchards suffered severe defoliation from scab injury.
Despite this bad weather report the fruit exhibits were more numerous and higher in quality than in 1944 and 1945. Labor shortage kept menfolk away until August. Then they made up for lost time.
Our Spring Show reflected the poor apple crop of 1945. Two exhibits!
June gave us nice weather and the best plates of strawberries in several years, Catskill and Howard predominating. The outstanding plate of the year was of the Scarlet Beauty variety.
Cherries, currants, and gooseberries had a poor year with quality good but with numbers lacking.
July was a good hay month but it was hard on raspberries. That fruit needs water. We had no rain from June 10 until July 23. Less than a dozen plates of red, blackcap, and purple raspberries were shown. I'm sure 1947 will be better. It could not be worse as far as raspberries are concerned. Blueberries, both wild and cultivated, looked nice this year at the shows but were light in crop. Blackberries showed in small numbers. Plums were of nice quality but very limited in number.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
23
August started off fair and each show was better than the one before. Peaches were especially high in quality this year from some orchards. We had many plates of the new New Jersey varieties shown for the first time. Golden East, Triogem, Raretan Rose varieties look promising. Many of the older varieties of peaches that we have seen in previous years did not come in. We had some nice competition in apples, too.
I like my privilege of being Judge of Fruit in the month of September. Apples, pears, peaches, and grapes came in in good numbers. Not as many as we wish but enough to give us good showings.
The variety list of pears shown does not change any from year to year: Bartletts, Bosc, Seckel, Anjou, and Sheldon predominate.
Grape showings were very nice. The varieties Cook and Bronx Seedless were outstanding.
The real fruit show of the year was the November exhibition, the Chrysanthemum Show. There were apples, pears, grapes (yes, grapes) quinces, nuts, and even peaches. Competition was keen; quality was high. It was like old times. The best show since 1941 of fruit.
The apple 12's and 49's were numerous. The outstanding exhibits of the year were the fifty-foot square exhibits. Quality, quantity and arrangement were back again.
Well! the year wound up in high gear. We can look forward to 1947 with confidence.
Respectfully submitted,
Andrew W. Love, Judge oj Fruit
December 5, 1946
Report of Judge of Vegetables
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Again the vegetable growers of our Society have had a year of very adverse conditions, similar to those of 1945 only more so.
First, there was a warm spell in March which started plants growing and buds swelling, followed by cold wet weather with frosts in April and May, so that the preparation of the land and the planting of the seeds were very much retarded. Some crops that were planted in March or early April failed to germinate at all or produced only a few plants and these were so weak that it was necessary to replant the whole field. These conditions resulted in the small number of the exhibits we had at the spring and early summer shows.
The exhibit of vegetables at our March show was one of the smallest we have had for many years.
In midsummer there was the period of very hot dry weather, similar to 1945, which also had an adverse effect on our exhibi- tions. The call for display of vegetables which was really in- tended for large market gardeners has not been well filled for the last few years. Some of the home gardeners have entered that class and have made very creditable exhibits therein.
The market baskets of vegetables have been the outstanding exhibits in the vegetable department, twelve baskets being shown on September 5 and thirteen on September 26. They were a very attractive feature of our shows.
In the vegetable department the ladies have exceeded the men in the number of exhibits made and have shown remarkable skill both in the quality of their products and the artistic display of them.
Mushrooms were abundant again this year and the displays were numerous and of excellent quality.
Only a few exhibits of really good celery were shown this year. Tomatoes were not shown in any large amounts and the
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quality of many were poor. We did, however, have some fine ones late in the season.
The children's exhibitions in the vegetable department held at our regular weekly shows, have not, to my mind, proved to be the success we had hoped that they would be. There were only one or two entries in many of the classes, except at the final exhibition which was much larger, with more classes of vege- tables called for and many more exhibits in each class.
From the experience of the past two or three years, I believe that the holding of two large children's exhibitions on Saturday afternoons will give better results than the present method and will be of more value to the children.
Respectfully submitted,
H. Ward Moore, Judge of Vegetables
December 5, 1946
In Memoriam
To Our Past President and Friend, Edward Woodbury Breed
In tribute to one whose life was most earnestly devoted to horticulture and all its branches.
Mr. Breed became a member of the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society in 1897 and served as trustee and on many committees and as president from 1910 to 1915.
Mr. Breed was born in Lynn, Mass., on January 15, 1861, and died May 8, 1946. When a lad of only fourteen years, he began his life work as a florist on his father's farm in Lancaster and in a few years had five greenhouses and an extensive business selling plants, flowers, seeds, and bulbs in both Lancaster and Clinton. Here for thirty-five years he not only carried on the florist business but added thereto a flourishing nursery and landscape business at "Four Ponds Nurseries/'
Mr. Breed was deeply interested in the Horticultural Society's exhibitions and quickly became one of the Society's foremost exhibitors. His exhibits were of the highest quality and were arranged so artistically that they brought much praise from those who viewed them. His motto was, "The best is never too good."
Mr. Breed was also actively engaged in many civic and com- munity interests.
We recognize our own loss in the death of Mr. Breed. We also feel that through his long connection with this Horticultural Society, he has, by his precepts and example, enabled us the better to advance the cause of agriculture and horticulture and to promote the welfare of our fellowmen.
Therefore, be it resolved that a copy of this memorial be spread upon the records and another be sent to the family of Mr. Breed.
H. Ward Moore Charles Potter Chesterfield Fiske
Report of the Finance Committee
To the Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The year just closing will be especially remembered because during that time the Society has developed its recently acquired Chestnut Street real estate by landscaping the front section thereof, surfacing the remaining portion, and converting the barn into a storage place for property and supplies for which it has only occasional use and which previously had occupied space in the main building needed for exhibition purposes.
Previous to the acquisition of this land, the use of the rear entrances to the building was practically nil, but now trucks and other conveyances find easy access to the entrances, stairs, and freight elevator when delivering and removing material used in connection with the exhibits.
Some small expenditures have been made in the maintenance of Horticultural Building while the cost of meeting the state building requirements regarding an auxiliary lighting system has been borne.
The competent services of Mr. Archibald J. Huey, the build- ing superintendent, have been especially valuable in connection with these matters and the members of your committee are pleased to make acknowledgement of them especially at this time.
Inasmuch as the lease, now held by the F. W. Woolworth Co., of the Front Street real estate expires during the year of 1949, it seems prudent that enabling action be taken at this time with reference to the re-leasing of that property.
It is a time-honored custom for this committee to make recom- mendations at this meeting of an appropriation of money avail- able from prospective income which in the opinion of its mem- bers will be sufficient to maintain the work of the Society during the coming year. In pursuit of that policy we propose that
28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
the sum of thirteen thousand dollars be so provided for use in such manner as the Trustees in their wisdom may deem to be expedient.
Respectfully submitted,
Myron F. Converse Harry Harrison Malcolm C. Midgley
Finance Committee
Worcester, Massachusetts December 5, 1946
Gardens Across America
Miss Alice Chauncey, New York, N. Y. January 3, 1946
We will start our journey across America at Vancouver Island, through southern California, to New York, Maryland, Virginia, and the Cypress Gardens in Charleston. Please bear in mind that these pictures were all taken during the war, when it was necessary to travel by train, bus and foot, which is much more difficult than by car. A garden is in its prime such a compara- tively short time that it is easy to arrive just too early or too late to photograph the blossoms at their best.
I had been told that Vancouver is very much like England, and found that many scenes might be transported bodily from that country. Entering Victoria is like entering Surrey. Here we find the small rock gardens with their candytuft and wall- flower. Gardens are a part of an Englishman's heart and every- where he goes he plants the same plants in the same little gar- dens. The climate of the west coast is so much like England that similar plants grow well there.
We see many Japanese gardens driving into Victoria. These are a charming mixture of Japanese and English rock gardens. The Bouchard gardens here are beautiful sunken gardens, planted with herbaceous plants and blooming trees. June is the perfect month to visit them.
Continuing our journey through Oregon, we see pear and peach orchards with blooms almost unbelievably colorful. We also visit the Lambert Gardens in Portland, though continued rain hindered our picture taking.
In California, the pool is always the center of attraction in any garden. At Scripps College in Beverly Hills is an exquisite pool framed in tall papyrus, with a fountain of turquoise glazed sea lions. Potted plants are used in many California gardens chiefly as accents in paths and beds. Daffodils and potted citrus fruits are favorites for this purpose, and many gardens have eucalyptus trees as windbreaks.
We visited Palm Springs on a May day when the thermometer stood at 116 and the town was practically deserted, but we
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wanted pictures of the oleanders in blossom. In Araby, a tiny settlement of a dozen houses, eight miles from Palm Springs, we were interested to see that eleven homes have no flowers or grass, but the twelfth, evidently owned by garden lovers, is truly lovely. The hard desert soil, when it receives water, fairly bursts into bloom.
At Redlands, a small town full of beautiful gardens, we find most of the gardens on side hills, with a wonderful view of the Bernardino Mountains as a background. Here we found mimosa in full bloom, though in California, one must call it acacia.
Now we come to New York state to the beautiful gardens of Lake Mohonk, where we find an entirely different type of color and blooms. Possibly there is more profusion than quality here, but the extensive rose gardens, enormous beds of phlox, and peonies in the spring, are striking beyond description. Here again, mountains, the Catskills in the distance, form a beautiful background.
Let me say here that water should always form part of a garden, if possible. Aside from the floral interest point, one may just enjoy the water with its lights and motion, and the sky is more beautiful reflected in water.
The Sherwood gardens in Baltimore occupy one full city block, with the house in the center, surrounded by gardens. Anyone may come in, look and admire. Because of its shape, the flowers are mostly border plantings of tulips, pansies, azaleas, and dogwood trees.
Traveling on to Williamsburg, we come to the Governor's Palace, an example of the finest estate in colonial America. The gardens have been reproduced to scale from the original plans, and include a replica of the maze at Hampton Court Palace, lovely weeping beeches, covered walks, and hedges of clipped yew (which are necessarily red cedar, since the climate precludes the use of yew).
The last point on our trip is the Cypress Gardens of Charles- ton. Two centuries ago the land was used as a rice plantation, with a vast amount of water impounded. When the project was abandoned, it became a water forest, with cypress trees growing unmolested until it became a silent world of deep shadows. Boat lanes have been cleared and bridges built so that visitors may now enjoy its beauty.
Round Gloucester with a Color Camera
Mr. Leonard Craske, Boston, Mass.
This lecture is essentially a lesson on the art of color photog- raphy, and I shall state at the outset that the main trouble with most color photographers is twofold: (1) they are too lazy to carry and set up a tripod (2) they are unwilling to return and return to a spot until all factors are ideal for photographing a desired object. It took me four years to get some of the pictures I shall show you.
I have divided the pictures to correspond roughly with the seasons — spring, summer, fall and winter. The first flowers of spring, the forsythia, are somewhat difficult to photograph with a true yellow. Then come magnolias, fruit blossoms, and rhodo- dendrons. One must walk around and study the branches, decide exactly the type of pictures desired — whether the tree in a blaze of sunlight, or a clear and sharply defined close expo- sure made in subdued light. An important point a photographer must always bear in mind is to wear the oldest possible clothes, since some of the best "shots" are made lying flat on one's back or from some vantage point high above the object.
Lilacs are another blossom where light plays an especially important part. There are thirteen or fourteen well-known tints, and most of them cannot be photographed in sunlight. The pale colors photograph decidedly better on a cloudy day; and my finest pictures of dogwood were made in the pouring rain when the gray sky gave the true light.
A little more time and trouble on the part of the photographer may mean the difference between a good and a bad picture, for care and patience are the very essentials of the art. You can photograph the same place a dozen times and each time obtain different results.
Gloucester is justly famous for its roses in June, and a two- mile stretch along the shore is a mass of color in that month. One year, when I had just returned from a trip to Egypt and Syria,
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Gloucester never appeared so beautiful to me. The cleanliness, prosperity, freshly painted houses and fences, carefully tended flowers in bloom everywhere — I never loved home more.
One enters the Birdseye gardens through a gate which bears the sign "Come in." I photographed a general view of the garden first, then in detail, and close-ups last. Here I spent four hours photographing a single lily to illustrate those beau- tiful words from Hood's "I Remember": "Lily cups, those flowers made of light/'
We shall leave the flowers now and try to catch the moods of Gloucester Harbor. Seasons greatly influence color. The sea is bluest in October, and let me say that the sea around Glouces- ter is more beautiful and more blue than the Mediterranean. It takes a gray day and gray light to obtain the true blue in a photograph.
The very best way to obtain pictures of the waterfront is to get them from a boat, with the camera about two feet from the water. The level light of early morning and late evening is best for these. Fog makes lovely pictures; but try always to have a splash of color in the foreground by way of contrast. Don't be afraid to go close to an object, and above all, don't try to take too much and spoil the whole thing. Everyone makes mistakes in photography, and the only way to improve is to profit by one's errors.
Just a word about portraits: Don't always use the sun, and don't underexpose. A gray, subdued light is best, to do away with possible squinting and unnatural color.
The rocks of our North Shore make wonderful photographic subjects, as the color is constantly changing with sun and shadows. Let me make a few suggestions to any enthusiasts who may want to "shoot" them: (1) Wear rope-soled shoes if possible, for a fall from the Gloucester rocks means drowning in the strong surf; (2) carry a bottle of fresh water and a cloth to wipe the lens free from salt spray; (3) never set the shutter faster than 1/50 to take waves.
Needless to say, many ships have been wrecked on these jagged rocks, and the news of a wreck is sufficient to send hordes of enthusiasts down to photograph it. Personally, I prefer to wait until evening when the light gives a more poetic rendering
The Lookout
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to the mood of the wreck — the end of day corresponding to the end of the ship.
On the Portuguese church is a statue of "Our Lady of Good Voyages" into whose care the fishermen are entrusted. There are two of these in the world, one in Marseille and the other in Gloucester. In the old days of sailing vessels, lists of forty or more names were read at the annual memorial service for fisher- men, but with the Diesel engine and more modern equipment, the list has shrunk to five or six. There is nothing more pic- turesque than a sailing ship, and we have several pictures of the last square-rigger on its last trip out of the harbor. I am a great sailboat enthusiast, and scorn engines, but must admit a chugging lobster boat with a cheery "Want a tow?" is a wel- come sound to a becalmed sailor.
Most photographers have so many people in a beach scene that the beach is hard to find. I want no people in mine, but definitely want clouds as a background to show the shift of light and color of the dunes. Just at sunset, on rare occasions, a beautiful salmon-pink hue is reflected. It comes only two or three times per season and lasts about one minute, so the pho- tographer must be on the alert to catch it. Also, the moon may be successfully photographed by a five-second exposure on the night before the full moon.
We come now to autumn foliage, with the beautiful blue October sky intensifying the colors. I suggest that the photog- rapher not always use the bright colors of a sunny day, with the pure gold and scarlet of the maple, but try an overcast day for beautiful pastels. When Thanksgiving comes, we want a light fall of snow to make a perfect setting. Then comes winter with its beautiful snow scenes offering unlimited possibilities to the color photography enthusiast.
Flowers and Gardens
Mr. Laurence L. Barber, Arlington, Mass.
The pictures of flowers and gardens I am bringing you this afternoon depict the changing scenes of the New England coun- tryside as influenced by the seasons.
Far in the north, winter remains two full months longer than in our locality, so that in late April we find the Flume at Fran- conia Notch still icebound. The time to see this north country is in the spring, when the small mountain streams are torrents, rather than in summer, when they are a feeble trickle.
Pussy willows are a fitting reminder of the end of cold and the promise of spring. After the pussy willows, come budding trees, the red maple and elm both possessing a surprising bit of bloom. Cowslips are one of the first omens of new life after winter's death.
Approaching spring is seen in gardens and parkways, as well as among the wild flowers and trees, and spring flowers are of unusual beauty. Iris, with their orchid-like blossoms, are among the loveliest of the early spring flowers. Wayside paths and steps up rocky hillsides, both man-made and in natural form, are abloom with flowers as Nature comes to life in the month of May.
Let us go out into the Massachusetts fields to see bits of land- scape of a rural nature. The familiar bluets and dandelions come with the earliest days of spring. Wayside pools, surrounded by white birches, reveal mirrors of beauty. Fields of fleur-de-lis flourish in the swamp lands of Massachusetts. Sweet clover is one of the greatest treasures the fields have to offer, from an agricultural standpoint, and cannot be surpassed for beauty. Later come buttercups and daisies, though farmers do not like to see the latter, since they denote rather poor land.
Apple blossom days are now at hand, and what is more pic- turesque than the stonewalls of New England, bordered by old apple trees? The blossoms in our own section are of unusual purity and beauty.
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June is the month of roses. In the formal gardens of our North Shore are found a wealth of variety and profusion of blooms eager to give us their beauty and fragrance.
Fringed gentians, subject of the immortal poem of William Cullen Bryant, grow wild in fair quantity in western Massachu- setts. They are a delicate and lovely flower; but to me one of the purest forms of true beauty is the water lily, floating on the dark background of a pond. Wild calla lilies, with their beauty suggestive of the cultivated calla, abound.
Here are the Waverley Oaks, which are reputed to be four to five hundred years old. If so, some were probably standing there when Columbus was sailing westward! Trees vary greatly in form, some being tall and slim, and others short and broad, just as with humans. Thus we have the feathered elm rising tall and slim, and the spreading elm standing broad and firm.
Now we come to Lexington, where "the shot was fired, heard round the world/' There is nothing finer than the statue by Concord Bridge, sculptured by Daniel Chester French, showing the alerted Minute Man. Across the river is the monument erected in memory of the British soldiers who fell there, bearing the words, "They came three thousand miles across the sea to keep the past upon its throne/' And while we are speaking of the past, let us glance at the Middlesex Canal, a waterway from the ocean to New Hampshire which shows the progressive vision of our forefathers. Their dream was realized, but with the coming of the railroads, the canal was abandoned.
We will leave flowers temporarily and look at the tip of Cape Cod, the graveyard of ships of the North Atlantic, bearing mute reminders of tragedies of the sea. Here Nature has made her own distinctive gardens of wild morning-glories and seaside asters. The surf of our "stern and rock-bound coast" is an always interesting study.
From the shore, we go to the scenic splendor of Mt. Chocorua, in my opinion the most distinctive peak in these six New England states. In mid- June we can find both apple blossoms and snow in the New Hampshire mountains, and in one place we can see snow-covered mountains in the distance, with green fields of hay, ready for cutting, in the foreground. Most tourists visit the Old Man of the Mountain, Echo Lake, Bridal Veil Falls,
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etc., but Crystal Cascade and some of the less famous spots are equally beautiful.
I believe that Vermont is the most unspoiled area in New England. Here there are no six-lane highways, like those along the coast, and the heart of the mountain country is much less commercialized. In Vermont, the mountains extend straight up the state like a backbone, while in New Hampshire they lie curled in a coil. Two of the most distinctive peaks in the Green Mountains are Camel's Hump and Mt. Mansfield, the latter the highest point in Vermont. Another beauty spot is Wil- loughby Lake, lying in a dramatic setting twenty-five miles from St. Johnsbury and twenty-five from the Canadian border.
Coming back to flowers, hydrangeas now begin to bloom, with their promise of what is to come. Storms begin to raise the rivers, and all Nature seems to take on the touch and tinge of evening. She seems to be folding up for her long winter's sleep. Wild geese fly beneath the gray November clouds, and soon the snows of winter lie deep and cold.
A Naturalist Among the Wild Flowers
Dr. John B. May, Cohasset, Mass.
While there is still snow on the mountain peaks, we find the wild flowers of early spring making their welcome appearance. The earliest of all spring flowers is the very interesting skunk cabbage, though you may prefer another, such as the trailing arbutus, or New England mayflower. These fragrant incon- spicuous little flowers are spoiled when picked and crowded into bunches to be sold, but in their natural setting are among the loveliest of the spring flowers. About the 19th of April come the hepaticas, followed by bloodroot. Dutchman's-breeches — it is not difficult to imagine how this plant got its name — grow on the rocky islands off Cape Ann, and in the Berkshires. We now find wild ginger and purple trillium, with white trillium on the extreme western edge of Massachusetts and in Vermont. Painted trillium is most common in the East.
Let us spend a few moments reviewing the theories of fertiliza- tion. The first theory, propounded in 1682, was that of gravity, that the pollen fell downward on to the stigma to fertilize the flower. But in the case of flowers such as the azalea and wood lilies, the pistil is above the stamens, so the pollen cannot fall. The second theory was that the pollen was showered about by clumsy insects striking against the flowers and thus scattering the pollen. But in 1850, Charles Darwin solved the mystery by demonstrating that honey bees and insects go from flower to flower and plant to plant, carrying the pollen. This is the final and accepted theory of cross fertilization. All flowers have a characteristic shape and structure, with pollen in one part, and only certain insects can cross fertilize these flowers because of their shape. These insects go from flower to flower carrying an ever increasing load of pollen, taking a fresh supply from the last flower visited on to the next. Flowers with a short stigma are fertilized by pollen carried on the face of the insect. With flowers such as orchids, the lip serves as a landing stage
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946 41
for the bee and the bristles on the back gather pollen. On the way into the next flower, the pollen rubs off.
Returning to our flowers, here we have a field of bluets, also called innocents or Quaker ladies, which look like a light covering of snow in the early spring. The fringed polygala and prostrate yellow violet also come very early. The so-called dog-toothed violet is truly the trout lily, since it definitely is of the lily family and blooms in the trout season. The cowslip is another mis- nomer, as it is really the marsh marigold. The orchid or pink moccasin, commonly called lady's slipper, is found in fair abund- ance in our locality; the white moccasin is found chiefly in the White Mountains; and the regal moccasin, with white sepals and a pouch tinted with rose, is found almost exclusively in the Berkshires.
In the Great Smokies grow masses of rhododendrons and azaleas. The earliest and showiest of the rhododendrons is the Carolina. It is not a native of New England, but grows well here with proper care. The "Great" is the largest, latest, and least ornamental. Rhododendrons are evergreens, but azaleas lose their leaves in winter. Pink azaleas grow on our nearby Mt. Wachusett, as well as in the Berkshires. They are fertilized by the butterfly, made possible because the stamens are curled up
One of the showiest of our early blooms is our flowering dog- wood. There are three reasons for planting dogwood; its seeds are attractive to birds, it is beautiful in the spring, and gorgeous in the fall.
Milkweed attracts a great variety of insects, and swamp milk- weed attracts both butterflies and wasps. Milkweed has a pinkish flower of very complicated formation, with five cups around the center with spaces in between. There is just room enough for a bee to slip through a narrow opening, where the feet become covered with sticky pollen. Sometimes the weaker bees leave their feet behind!
Mountain laurel has its own system of fertilization. Radial lines have pollen at the ends, tucked into pockets in the cup. When the insect blunders in, a traplike mechanism showers pollen all over it.
The closed gentian seemingly contradicts the Darwinian theory, for the stigma is open at the top above the pollen-bearing
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946 43
anthers. But at just the right moment, the flowers open suf- ficiently for the insect to go inside to get the nectar at the bottom, thus insuring pollenization.
One of the fall flowers is lady's tress, a modest white flower with a spiral effect of a chain of flowers twisting around the stem. The swamp mallow is a close relative of the hollyhock. Early goldenrod, like the milkweed, attracts many insects and birds. There are innumerable types of goldenrod. The "seaside/' growing in sand and rocky coast, is large and showy, but rather coarse. Some of the later types are smaller and more fragrant.
Golden asters are found on the dunes of Cape Cod, near the salt water. The white aster and wood aster are less showy, but lovely nevertheless. Sumach develops flaming foliage, and later dark red berries on bare twigs. Its cousin, the poison ivy, is repellent to humans, but develops fruit very attractive to birds.
We should remember our friends, the birds, and provide food for them, for they occupy an important place in the plan of the universe.
The Canadian Rockies
Dr. Marinus James, Boston, Mass.
After forty-five years of globe-trotting, I think the glorious country of the Canadian Northwest is the most beautiful of all. It is worth traveling thousands of miles to see this country, and Nature lovers and Nature photographers from all parts of the world flock there for specialized work or pure pleasure.
Several years ago, I was privileged to join a party of sixteen professional photographers, under the leadership of Ivan Dimitri, one of the greatest of color photographers. We left from Mon- treal, the headquarters of the Canadian National, for Lake Louise, the show place of all the world, full of beauty, with glaciers and towering mountains on all sides. One cannot fail to worship God and Nature in that country. The amazing, glorious color of Lake Louise is due to glacial deposits on the bottom, and is ever changing from blue to turquoise, to gray, and even to scarlet with the changing hours of the day. Here is a paradise for photographers, beautiful pictures everywhere, and those sixteen photographers carried no less than $10,000 worth of cameras and equipment!
Jasper National Park is an interesting place. Here there are totem poles galore, those relics of early days which give whole histories of Indian tribes. This is the mecca of sportsmen and fishermen, for rainbow trout abound. There are lovely flowers here also, of the same varieties as those grown in New England.
The end of Moline Lake on the border of Jasper National Park was our objective on one memorable day, when we set out with cameras clicking, ourselves and our belongings stowed on twenty- two pack and riding horses. To my surprise, it was extremely warm at seven to eight thousand feet above sea level, and we found frequent rests were welcome. There are no flowers, shrubs, or trees above the snow line, just the eternal snows of ten thou- sand feet above the sea. We found the most amazing scenes of water and color as painted by Nature, with reflections so clean- cut it was difficult to distinguish in our pictures the real object from its reflection.
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Let me assure you that photography, as well as painting, is an art. Under the leadership of Dimitri, we were able to get some really good pictures. One of the first precepts he laid down to our party of photographers was to keep only the good pictures, for the impressions of the poor ones sometimes overbalance the good. Perhaps I am a bit drastic, but if you keep one out of five, pictures, you are doing well. I hope you all have a hobby, for in times of sorrow and trouble, when one might lose his courage, a hobby keeps poetry and music in the soul. You will realize how- fascinating is the hobby of photography, when I tell you that on this trip the group took fourteen to sixteen thousand still pic- tures, and over ten thousand feet of motion pictures. This Northwest country is one of the most photogenic spots in the world, forty-two hundred square miles of unsurpassed, unspoiled beauty, abounding in animal life, a photographer's paradise.
We find lovely flowers high on the mountain sides, especially Scotch heather, though not the same as that found in Bonny Scotland. The latter is a beautiful country, but the climate leaves much to be desired.
Animal photography is an art in itself. Here the photographer will find thousands of wild animals: caribou, moose, bear, mule deer, skunks, beaver, and mountain goats and sheep. These mountain goats can climb almost perpendicular heights, and one should use a telephoto lens for getting pictures of them. There is a fine of $110 for killing wild animals in the Park, and it actually seems as if they know they are protected. They seem less apprehensive than the usual run of wild animals and are splendid subjects for photographing, sometimes seeming to pose for the camera. We are killing off game too rapidly in the United States, and should protect wild life, as Canada does. In fact, we can learn much from Canada.
The most unusual bird I have yet seen is the ptarmigan, a member of the grouse family, which is so cleverly camouflaged it cannot be seen until it moves. In winter it is white; in the laying season, it is mottled to blend with its background as no other bird does. It has a most peculiar way of walking and has feathered feet to keep it from sinking into the snow. The chickens are like those in our own poultry yards.
The last few pictures I call "darkness and light/' pictures
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from all parts of the world that show what sunshine does for us. In the same way in which sunlight lends enchantment and depth of color to pictures, use of the imagination covers what seems dull routine in our lives and gives us new vision. All life is beautiful and a wonderful adventure. "A seed drops into the soul in spring to give to the world its full-grown, fragrant flowers/'
Flower Arrangement, Spring Flowers
Mrs. Chester Cook, Lexington, Mass.
Right now, with the spring flower shows coming on, flower arrangement is of engrossing interest. My feeling is that there should be a vast difference between arrangements for shows and for the home. We can create arrangements in good designs for homes and churches, with all sorts of backgrounds, but the real examination or test of our ability is a flower show arrangement. When arranged against home backgrounds, shape and color of room, period and design of furniture, etc., help determine the type of arrangement. In a flower show, one does not have this assistance.
In flower arrangement, design is foremost. It seems too bad to cut the stems of flowers after someone has grown wonderful specimens, but in creating a pattern we are relating form to design, and we must sacrifice anything necessary to create that design.
My first arrangement is of umbrella pine and rhododendron leaves — the colors of spring, but the materials of winter. My pattern is asymmetrical, with the rhododendron leaves as the focal point. Umbrella pine is of Chinese origin and is more beautiful than many other pines. Our red pine most closely resembles it. This particular arrangement could be used through- out the year by substituting large flowers for the rhododendron leaves. Chrysanthemums in the fall would be a striking contrast.
Just as one would groom oneself for receiving friends, so plant material must be conditioned before use. I not only soaked this pine and rhododendron in water last evening, but when they were clean I covered them with oil to make them shine. After conditioning the flowers to be used, we must consider the container. Usually the container itself tells us what to do with it. A square container suggests a massed arrangement in a stylized fashion. An urn suggests massed and full arrangements. A low, pewter container suggests an arrangement suitable for a dining-room table. The latter requires a ''free standing"
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946 51
arrangement, which may be defined as any arrangement seen from all sides. In fact, the mechanics of flower arrangement can be divided into three steps: (1) conditioning and grooming of flowers; (2) choosing the container; (3) choosing the holder. It is difficult to arrange flowers satisfactorily without the proper mechanics, so container and holder are of utmost importance. Personally, I like the needlepoint holders best. They come in all shapes and sizes, and may be used alone or as a secondary under a "birdcage" holder. For large arrangements, suitable for a church or public place, chicken wire placed in sand in the bottom of the container makes a good holder.
There are no real rules for flower arrangement, but there are a few general principles we stick to. Counting the container as the first unit, the arrangement should generally extend in height two and one-half times this unit; or, in other words, one and one-half times above the container. You must also establish line, as the Hogarth line, with focal and secondary points of interest.
My second arrangement is definitely a showpiece, made from natural plume grass which grows on Cape Cod.
The beauty of tulips in any arrangement is very fleeting, as they open so quickly, and for this reason they are best used as a focal point of interest. You will find that an arrangement such as this one of stock and tulips is very effective with the use of seven to nine pieces of stock and a dozen tulips. Of course, a free standing piece, visible from all sides, would take more.
The next arrangement is of calla lilies in a large Chinese bronze container. For a container as large as this, you will need to use several needlepoint holders with chicken wire on top. Also, because the container is so very large, you can use a great deal of height. This arrangement, because of its size, is suitable only for a very large table, or possibly a grand piano. In buying calla lilies from a florist who does not grow his own flowers, you will find the callas of the same size and development, but if you get them from a grower, try to get them in different stages of bloom. Buds, of course, will be most valuable to you, for they will last longer. Let me caution you to tie a string around the broken stem of a calla, for they curl badly and your design is lost as the arrangement slumps.
52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
This arrangement of picardy gladioli in a tall yellow container is interesting in that the very center of the flower is of exactly the same shade as the vase. The latter is half filled with sand and chicken wire, but no needlepoint holders are necessary, since one placement will hold the others satisfactorily. In an arrange- ment such as this, I would turn one stalk the other way to avoid the appearance of flatness. Here let me give you as an axiom "When in doubt, leave out," for one piece of placement can make or break an arrangement.
With tulips as the focal point and heather as the main place- ment, a very effective arrangement can be made. Heather is a "natural," which almost arranges itself.
Here is a line arrangement, made simply of two dormant branches in a container, a silhouette with an accent. You might use a few pansies or rhododendron leaves as a focal point. It is both inexpensive and pleasing.
For a mantel arrangement, try lemon foliage (which is a new and very popular substitute for magnolia or huckleberry branches) with three or more artichokes. The latter will last a full two weeks and then may be dried and used in the fall with dried arrangements.
Leather-leaf fern with white freesia makes a pleasing arrange- ment which lasts well. Freesia should always be used in sil- houette, as it loses its lines and pattern in a bunch. You also need silhouette to enjoy iris and jonquils properly. They are so fragile and dainty, bringing the first breath of spring, that they should be arranged as naturalistically as possible.
During the lecture, Mrs. Cook executed all the arrangements described.
New England Throughout the Year
Mr. Milford W. Wall, New York, N. Y.
This afternoon I am bringing you a few of the impressions New England made on two Mid-Westerners, who had always wished to explore its countryside.
We shall begin with pictures of the St. Valentine's Day bliz- zard of a few years past, and let you see how completely a north- east blizzard can disrupt the life of Boston. That same winter the harbor of the South Shore froze over. It was 5° below zero, so cold the camera froze when we took pictures of fishing boats covered with frozen salt spray, a brittle sort of ice which forms all over the decks and hangs in festoons from ropes and wires. Sometimes this ice formation is so heavy it capsizes the boat.
In February of last year, a heavy, sticky snow fell which made everything a fairyland and was a delight to photographers. Even the elevated structures and Charles River bridges, etched in snow, were things of beauty.
The flower boxes in the windows along Beacon Street now begin to display bright spring flowers, none lovelier than the amaryllis grown in our own apartment. There is a vague some- thing about the sky which tells us spring is coming — big, fleecy white clouds against a deep blue sky. The snow is melting in the hills and there are catkins on the trees in the woods. Pussy willows and swamp maple begin to give hope that spring will come. The crocuses on Commonwealth Avenue, always a sure sign of spring, begin pushing up through the cold ground. Wild flowers such as skunk cabbage, bloodroot, dogtooth violets, trillium, and spring beauties are a welcome sight after a long siege of cold weather. Now is the time the streams do the most work. Laden with sand and stones, they rush along digging at their banks and prying out the rocks. This is also a busy time for the farmer, as he goes about collecting sap from the sugar maples to be transformed into delicious maple syrup and sugar. Fisher- men, too, start in about this time of year. It is said trout fishing is best when it is just cold enough to freeze the guide on the fishing rod.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
55
People who live near Boston are fortunate in having the Arnold Arboretum, where they can see such beautiful flowers. Here the daffodils, narcissus, and jonquils grow riotously up through the grass. Forsythia, strawberry shrub, flowering cherry, flowering apricot, with its black bark and pink flowers — all bloom at once. It seems that everything happens in so few weeks in a New England spring. In other parts of the country, spring is more spread out.
The Public Gardens also have lovely spring flowers. Here they use the unique idea of planting pansies in the tulip beds, so that when the tulips are gone, the bright pansies remain. Unfor- tunately, most of the tulips have been destroyed by penicillin blue mold, and it will take several years to get replacements from Holland.
Here we see tobacco planting in the Connecticut River Valley. In Kentucky, they raise the tobacco plants in a hot bed, and then some rainy day the whole family turns out to drill holes and transplant the tiny plants. But in Connecticut, it is all done in one grand process by means of machinery.
The Nashoba apple country is a mass of beautiful pink and white flowers in May, when the residents have their annual blossom tour and crowning of the apple blossom queen. About the same time, comes the annual Lilac Sunday at the Arboretum, where they have a specimen of almost every one of the two hundred known varieties, from the old-fashioned lilac of grand- mother's dooryard to the double French variety. If you could, only record the odor, along with the beautiful pictures of lilacs what a perfect combination it would bel
In Coggeshall Park in Fitchburg, we saw our first mountain laurel. There they let it grow naturally and make no attempt at cultivation. We were entranced with the lovely blossoms, which look like birthday cake decorations.
Franklin Park has great beds of oriental poppies. The color is exceedingly difficult to photograph, however. They also have beautiful rose gardens here, beautifully taken care of, and fenced in so no one can destroy them.
A quick trip to the South Shore brings us glimpses of the falls at Cohasset, the Myles Standish monument, and Plymouth Rock. Down at Westport wre saw our first real clambake. First,
56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
a wood fire is made and stones heated very hot. These stones are then covered with rockweed. Clams, lobsters, corn, sweet potatoes — everything good to eat — are put into metal boxes with mesh bottoms and placed among the heated rocks and seaweed. Then the whole thing is covered with heavy tarpaulins and allowed to remain for three hours. That was one of the longest three-hour periods of my life!
The coast of Maine, with its rocks, blue ocean, and green pine trees is beautiful at both high and low tide. Pemaquid Point is a perfectly quiet spot where one can plan really to enjoy oneself, reveling in the perfect scenery of light house, rolling surf, and, incidentally, there are tons of lobsters here.
At Essex they have been building ships for 125 years, by hand, of green wood, just as their forefathers did. These sturdy ships are for fishing off the Grand Banks, and will withstand the most severe storms.
No tour would be complete without a glimpse of Gloucester, with its crowded harbor, so filled with fishing boats one wonders how any owner finds his own boat. Here boys put up the nets to dry on giant reels, and fishermen spend leisure hours skillfully repairing torn nets. Our Lady of Good Voyage, one of the best known icons, stands aloft on the Portuguese church.
Down at Bass Rocks, the igneous rock came from the middle of the earth millions of years ago. It is so hard it can withstand the constant pounding of the ocean, even though pieces do break off now and then. The red granite rock, blue ocean, and white surf is a memory to take home.
Now golden glow begins to appear in farmers' woodlots and around the barns. Dahlias, coreopsis, and goldenrod are har- bingers of fall. Soon we see low-hanging clouds over the moun- tains, and in the valleys cornfields become colorful with pumpkins and squash. The apple blossoms are now apples. When there is a chill in the air and a peculiar leaden look to the sky, hunters frequent the marshes looking for ducks. Leaves become brilliant against the sky, and we ask ourselves, "Which is more beautiful, spring or fall?"
This Green World
Mr. Rutherford Platt, New York, N. Y.
This afternoon I want to take you on a strange and unusual field trip, a spiritual adventure to help you perceive the reality and flavor of the world around us. Man has become lopsided with technical knowledge, and often fails to appreciate the wonderful landscape unit that operates as a system. Nothing in it is haphazard or reckless, but all is obedient to law.
There can be no art without understanding, intelligence, and awareness, and only he who is understanding in heart can act in harmony with life. There is a fundamental unity in art which is pleasing to the senses, and into which the integral parts fit and are proportional. This is true, whether we are dealing with art, orchestral music, or design of any sort. Just as the proporticn of light rays is the common denominator of color, so the common chord — one, three, five — is the basis of music.
In the same way, we find in Nature that every leaf and flower is built from the same growth figure, a dynamic spiral, with the sequence of one leaf added above another to make growth. We find seed pods and tree buds behaving in one particular way, a perfect adaptation of means to an end.
All colors are derived from the simple keyboard of a spectrum with three notes, deep blue, green, and red. Our whole vision of the world is held in that narrow spectrum, plus vibrating energy from the sun. These three primary colors may be blended for interesting results, and there are also tints and tones. Tint is white plus a primary color; tone is no light, plus color. We must see and be aware to have color. The impression on the optic nerves, which are so tiny and so sensitive, enables us to see vivid differences. As the seasons progress, there is a well- ordered and disciplined change in the color of the landscape. In winter the predominant tint is blue, yellow-green in spring, shadows and blue-green tones in summer.
The dynamic-spiral figure of growth is the root of all Nature. Just as an insect flying through candlelight keeps changing its
Jack-in-the-Pulpit
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
59
course in an equiangular spiral to remain equidistant from the flame, so plants and shells adjust themselves, and we have the pine cone, thistle, and center of a daisy, with their increments in the same position, as striking examples of this spiral growth. Shells also show this design in shape and marking. In the same way, the true spiral and pattern is there in leaves on plants if it is not destroyed or marred. The spiral of orchids is very pronounced and the spiral curve is also used in unfolding, as with crozier's fern. As the plant grows, the result of growth is radial symmetry. It revolves around an axis and radii are given off as it revolves. When growth revolves around an axis, a volatile pattern is given off. This is everywhere present in plants. In tulips it is in three and counts of three, three pistils, six stamens. In the rose family it is in multiples of five, five pistils and stamens in multiples of five. Another volatile pattern is dichotomy, a branching into two, or the breaking away of line and growth into two branches.
The "opposite" arrangement in plants in no sense violates the dynamic spiral, for each pair fits in perfectly and we prove by small items the perfection of the whole. We have four native trees, the ash, maple, horse chestnut, and dogwood, as well as many shrubs, with this "opposite" arrangement.
As for the tooling and mechanics of plants, their utility and fitness of structure has the quality of art. For example, milk- week has the most extraordinary use of sepals, which act as a trap for the insect's legs. The flower is inviting to the insect, sepals are turned back; the bee visits it and gets its legs caught, gets pollen on legs, thus insuring cross-pollination; the sepals come up when the seed is to be set.
The stamens possess wonderful functional architecture and behave in a certain, fixed way in a complete spiral sequence. In daisies and asters, the stamens are in cylinders, through which they push the pollen. The pistil comes later when the pollen is exhausted. With ragweed, the stamens are like lamps on lamp posts. There is no cross pollination, no sensitive mechanism; they simply spill the pollen in enormous quantities. The lady's-slipper, a type of orchid, possesses a three-sided stamen with a mass of sticky pollen. The insect transfers a great amount of pollen as the sticky mass wraps itself about the
Witch Hazel
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946 61
probiscis. With mountain laurel, the whole flower design is built around the action of the stamens.
Thus we see every part is in accord with its functional pur- pose. The seed pods in fall are beautiful in form and in func- tional architecture. The seed case of the St. Johnswort violet has the purple coloring of the original flower. Skull cap has a seed pod in the shape of a mouth, which opens and casts forth the seeds.
The thought I want to leave with you is that nothing in Nature is haphazard. The moment a bud opens, it shows different designs and mechanical operations, but each specie always behaves in the same way. "In the woods of spring, when the sap is effervescent and the pleated leaves unfurling, the melody of life has just begun/'
Annual Reunion
March 28, 1946
The Worcester County Horticultural Society held its Annual Reunion on Thursday evening, March 28, in the Horticultural Building. The reception was held in the Library, which was beautifully decorated with bowls of bright spring flowers, with an especially lovely mantel arrangement of orchids.
In the receiving line were President iMyron F. Converse and Mrs. Converse, Secretary S. Lothrop Davenport and Mrs. Davenport and Dr. Clarence E. Hellens and Mrs. Hellens. Following the reception, members and guests proceeded to the banquet hall where Caterer Lunt served a roast turkey dinner. The tables were colorful with pink carnations supplied by Mr. Davenport.
Seated at the head table were President Myron F. Converse and Mrs. Converse, Secretary S. Lothrop Davenport and Mrs. Davenport, Dr. and Mrs. Clarence E. Hellens, Air. and Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick, Mr. and Mrs. Myles Morgan, Mr. and Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Gardener G. DeMallie, Mr. Herbert R. Kinney, Miss Marguerite McKelligett and Mrs. John A. Field.
Dr. Hellens gave the invocation.
Following the dinner, President Converse spoke briefly of the very successful winter lecture program of the Society, and the equally successful Spring Flower Show. He expressed thanks to the exhibitors and spoke of the work of the various Garden Clubs of the city, stating that he hoped for even closer cooperation in the future. Officers of these clubs were invited guests of the Society and Mr. Converse introduced them to the audience. He then presented the speaker of the evening, Rev. Dr. Hellens, who chose the timely subject "Guns or Flowers."
Rev. Hellens said in part: "Humanity has always been dis- turbed by the cry 'Guns or butter,' and deny themselves every- thing for the armament of the world. People always prefer guns to butter, with fearful results. Our country has usually been
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
63
interested in a crusade for something entirely different. We need peace for the cultures of life, for we get little out of years of destruction except destruction itself. War says man is a fighting machine, and strikes say man is an economic machine, but I disagree with both.
"I have always been amazed by evidences of botanical knowl- edge in wartime and the observation of Nature's beauties up at the front. Men note and comment on flowers and wild flowers in the trenches. If men, in the midst of war, can remember the experience of observing flowers, it is a suggestion of sanity for the human race.
"I once read of a man who had a huge and unsightly cliff on his property. He loaded a gun with a charge of choice seeds and bombarded this cliff in early spring with this charge. A few weeks later, the face of the cliff was a mass of color, for he had transformed it into 'a thing of beauty, which is a joy forever/
"It is astounding how ugly our cities can be, and how hideous we have made parts of our beaches arid countryside. Ugly, sterile surroundings, plus the uncivilized noises of a large city, have their effects on the spirits of people, making them nervous and cynical. Nature in itself is so beautiful, yet we make of it such a hideous result with our unsightly billboards, amusement parks, and eating places. We have not yet solved the question of how we can control private enterprise, but at present it seems to be a question of (1) a strong government taking possession of coast and mountains; (2) a 'hit or miss' jumble of hot-dog stands, dance halls, etc. Given a small part of the initiative and energy necessary for the prosecution of war, it would be possible to make cities and towns into the alabaster cities we sing of.
"Man is a lover of beauty in the last analysis, and we must demand that the country be as beautiful as in Nature. We are millionaires, here in New England, especially, for we have all the seasons and beauty of which this country is capable. There is no excuse for the way we deface, mar, and wreck this lovely land of ours. We must associate with others in a crusade to abolish slums and give us beautiful cities and towns.
"The ability to see the good side of life is a good defense against irritations. With our eyes full of printer's ink and our ears full of raucous noises, we become quarrelsome and critical
64 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1946
of others. Nature acts as a healing balm against this irritation. Men change with the passing years, but Nature is the same after countless centuries. By giving ourselves to beauty, we are giving ourselves to things which endure/'
Following Dr. Hellens' talk, the audience adjourned to the auditorium where an entertainment was presented by the Mildred Bigelow Trio, assisted by Robert A. Rissling, baritone, and Louise Sprague Eaton, reader.
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
Offered by the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
Horticultural Building 30 Elm Street Worcester, Mass.
For the year
1946
THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND 'REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL
The Davis Press, Worcester
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
For the Year 1946
PRESIDENT
MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
MRS. HOMER GAGE, Worcester, Mass. HERBERT R. KINNEY, Worcester, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, of North Grafton Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street
TREASURER
BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester
trustees:
Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop John J. Bridgeman Edward W. Breed Ralph C. Breed Chesterfield Fiske Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins Andrew W. Love William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter Albert W. Schneider Mrs. Emily S. Taft H. Sidney Vaughan
|
Sutton |
Myron S. Wheeler |
Berlin |
|
Auburn |
Ernest P. Bennett |
Worcester |
|
Clinton |
Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock |
Worcester |
|
Clinton |
J. Frank Cooper |
Worcester |
|
Northboro |
Mrs. Bertha G. Denny |
Worcester |
|
Boylston |
Mrs. Florence C. Emory |
Worcester |
|
Boylston |
Mrs. Alice M. Forbes |
Worcester |
|
Shrewsbury |
Ernest Hansen |
Worcester |
|
Auburn |
Allen W. Hixon |
Worcester |
|
Shrewsbury |
Allyne W. Hixon |
Worcester |
|
Auburn |
Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs |
Worcester |
|
West Bolylston |
H. Ward Moore |
Worcester |
|
Clinton |
Mrs. Amy W. Smith |
Worcester |
|
Oxford |
George F. E. Story |
Worcester |
|
Northboro |
Leslie E. Winter |
Worcester |
Myron F. Converse, 1946 C. Claflin Young, 1946
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Harry Harrison, 1947
NOMINATING COMMITTEE
Harold S. Bowker, 1947
Malcolm C. Midgley, 1948 Edward A. Bigelow, 1948
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Edward W. Breed, Chairman Emeritus Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Dr. Burton N. Gates Florence E. Field, Librarian
S. Lothrop Davenport J. Frank Cooper
ON NOMENCLATURE
Mrs. Amy W. Smith Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins Ernest Hansen
Chesterfield Fiske Mrs. William W. Taft Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Mrs. John D. Hassett President, Myron F. Converse H. Ward Moore
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Edward W. Breed Mrs. Florence E. Field Allyne W. Hixon Charles Potter
Secretary, S. Lothrop Davenport Elizabeth R. Bishop
Herbert R. Kinney
Andrew W. Love Allen W. Hixon Herbert R. Kinney Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey Leslie E. Winter
Harry C. Midgley
Plants and Flowers
Fruit:
Vegetables:
AUDITORS
Harrison G. Taylor
JUDGES
William B. Midgley, Worcester Andrew W. Love, Auburn H. Ward Moore, Worcester
Myron F. Converse, Chairman
MEDAL COMMITTEE Edward W. Breed
Allen W. Hixon
ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Mrs. Herbert P. Emory Albert H. Inman
Herbert R. Kinney H. Sidney Vaughan
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY
GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society.
2. Every Exhibit entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named.
3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc.
4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number.
5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous.
6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded.
7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender.
8. AH articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange- ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 8.30 o'clock.
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worces= ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
4
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable.
14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as " Pippin," "Sweeting." "Green- it g," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested.
16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity.
17. ST The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties.
18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respecting their exhibits which is not distinctly specified iu the schedule.
19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium.
1946]
RULES AND REGULATIONS
5
The maximum prize for Vases, Standards, and Baskets shall be two dollars.
20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society.
21. U. P. Hedrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Totty's Catalogue to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges.
22. No artificial plants, flowers, or foliage preserved by any process shall be exhibited at any show of this Society, except for a special purpose and with the consent of the show management.
23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no
case for any loss or damage that may occur.
Scale of Points Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers. —
Arrangement 30 points Quality of blooms (including condition and value) 40 "
Number of varieties 15 "
Properly named 15 u Lilies. —
Size and color of bloom 35 points
Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem 35 "
Arrangement 15 "
Properly named 15 a
Display, Baskets and Standards. —
Arrangement 40 points
Quality (including condition and value) 45 u
Variety 15 "
Collections. —
Quality (including condition and value) 45 points
Arrangement 25 "
Variety 30 "
Table Decoration. —
Quality of flowers 45 points
Arrangement 25 "
Proportion 15 "
Harmony of flowers with accessories 15 "
6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Special Funds
OF THE
Worcester County Horticultural Society
The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established.
1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for the purchase of books.
1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00.
Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple culture.
1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00.
Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County.
In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers.
1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.
1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society.
1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1939. The Coulson Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1943. G. A. Bigelow Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious garden grown exhibits of Roses.
Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables
1946
BP The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
Special Rules
1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of which will be taken by the judges in awarding the premiums.
2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will
NOT EXCLUDE AN EXHIBIT FOR MISTAKE IN NOMENCLATURE.
3. In all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed.
4. In all exhibits of wild flowers only those falling in groups i and ii of the new england wild flower preservation society bulletin may be shown.
5. at no time shall the exhibit contain more than one- third from group ii.
6. Ask the secretary for bulletin by the new England wild flower preservation society, showing flowers that may be shown.
By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants.
Spring Exhibition
Thursday, March 14, 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Friday, March 15, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Saturday, March 16, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m.
Sunday, March 17, 12 m. to 8.30 p. m. Notify Secretary four weeks in advance for space
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Garden Displays:
I Exhibitors occupying approximately
II
III
|
400 square feet |
No. 1 |
225.00 |
|
No. 2 |
200.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
190.00 |
|
|
No. 4 |
175.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
200 square feet |
No. 1 |
100.00 |
|
No. 2 |
85.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
70.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
100 square feet |
. No. 1 |
45.00 |
|
No. 2 |
35.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
25.00 |
When one classification group is all taken by exhibitors, said group is automatically closed. Scale of points by which the above class is to be judged.
Arrangement 50 points
Quality 35 points
Variety 15 points
* * *
Plant Displays :
IV Total Allotment 245 . 00
;Jc -j; '
V Cut Flowers 75.00
VI Fruit 75.00
VII Vegetables 75.00
VIII Carnations 75.00
Worcester Garden Club Exhibit
May Exhibition
Thursday, May 16
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 1. Display, flowering shrubs
permissible. 24 square feet. 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 2. Medium basket, mixed 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 3. Fifteen vases, no duplicates 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Spring Bulbs, open culture. —
No. 4. Display 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50
Pansy. —
No. 5. Twenty vases, one flower
with foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Frederick A. Blake Fund
Carnations, fifty carnations in a basket. —
A. Basket of white
Basket of dark pink
Basket of light pink
Basket of any other color Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
* * *
Table Decorations, Flowers. —
No. 6. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Roses prohibited. Notify the Secretary two
days in advance 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Plant Displays. —
No. 7. For exhibits — Meritorious Plants.
Fifty dollars maybe used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Apple. —
No. 8. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Lettuce. —
No. 9. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Spinach. —
No. 10. One-half peck 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. —
No. 11. Globe 1.50 1.00 .50
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 12. Linnaeus 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 13. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 14. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 15. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Iris Exhibition
Thursday, June 6
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Iris, German. —
No. 16. Display 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
No. 17. Twenty vases, one stem in
a vase preferably named 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 18. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 19. Display 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
Table Decorations, Iris predominating. —
No. 20. Oblong table laid for
four covers 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Peonies.—
No. 21 . Vase or Basket 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Lupinus. —
No. 22. Vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Roses. —
No. 23. Vase of Roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 24. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 25. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Rhubarb, twelve stalks.—
No. 26. Linnams 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 27 . Victoria 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
12
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1946
Beet.—
No. 28. Twelve specimens
Lettuce. —
No. 29. Six heads
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Onion. —
No. 30. Two bunches, six each
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 8 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
14- All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as "Pippin," "Sweeting," "Greening," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
Peony Exhibition Thursday, June 13
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 31. From hardy plants and shrubs outdoor culture,
to be named 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 32. Fifteen vases,
No duplicates 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Siberian Iris. —
No. 33. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Roses. —
No. 34. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 35. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peonies. —
No. 36. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00
No. 37. Twenty vases, one flower
in each 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Foxglove. —
No. 38. Vase of twelve spikes 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Aquilegia. —
No. 39. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 40. Howard 17 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 41. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Rhubarb, twelve stalks.—
No. 42. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Rose Exhibition Thursday, June 20, open from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
Roses. —
No. 43. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of EL P. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 44. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
No. 45. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 46. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
No. 47. Collection of cut roses, at least
six varieties. Thirty dollars to
be used for prizes. No. 48. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 49. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 50. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 51. Display of cut climbing roses.
Twenty dollars may be used
for prizes
No. 52. Basket of roses 4 . 00 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 53. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
15
Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund
B. Table decoration of roses, oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers
grown by exhibitors 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2 00
* * *
Peonies. —
No. 54 Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in
advance 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Aquilegia. —
No. 55. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund
Hardy Flowers and Shrubs, to be named. —
C. Display of outdoor varieties 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
* * *
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
|
No. 56. |
Howard No. 17 2.50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 57. |
Pathfinder |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 58. |
Catskill 2.50 |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 59. |
New varieties not scheduled |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1.00 |
50 |
|
No. 60. |
Four baskets of strawberries, |
|||||
|
any variety |
3 |
,00 |
2.00 1 |
.00 |
||
|
No. 61. |
Display, strawberries 5 . 00 |
4.00 |
3 |
00 |
2.00 1 |
00 |
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 62. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 63. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 64. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 65. Big Boston Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, June 27
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gut Flowers. —
No. 66. Display 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 67. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). — No. 68. Twelve vases, three stems
in a vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Campanula. —
No. 69. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Delphinium. —
No. 70. One vase, not more than twelve
spikes 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Sweet Peas. —
No. 71. Small basket, any green may
be used 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Roses. —
No. 72. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers on a Mirror. —
No. 73. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the Society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney
D. Table Decorations. Round table
laid for four covers 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
* * *
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
17
G. A. Bigelow Fund
Roses. —
E. Vase of garden-grown roses, twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 74. Howard No. 17 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 75. Catskill 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 76. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 77. Collections, not more than six
varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 78. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 79. Black Tartarian 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 80. Gov. Wood 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 81. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 82. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Beet.—
No. 83. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Carrot. —
No. 84. Two bunches, six in each 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck.
No. 85. World's Record 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 86. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cucumber, three specimens. —
No. 87. Any variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Sweet Pea Exhibition
Friday, July 5
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
No. 88. Ten vases, not more than 25
flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 89. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas,
oblong table laid for four covers,
Gypsophila may be used. Flowers
grown by exhibitor. Notify the
Secretary two days in advance
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 90. Collection of Sweet Peas 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 91. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 92. Ten vases, one stem in a vase,
preferably named 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Delphinium. —
No. 93. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Lilium Candidum.—
No. 94. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Lilium Regale. —
No. 95. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Roses. —
No. 96. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 97. Catskill 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 98. Ten dollars may be used for
prizes. Preference given to
worthy varieties of recent
introduction.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
19
Raspberry, Black Cap, one pint. —
No. 99 . Named variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 100. Early varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 101. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars maybe used for prizes.
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 102. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 103. Coe's Transparent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 104. Montmorency 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 105. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 106. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 107. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 108. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 109. Display 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00
Tomato, twelve specimens. — No 110. Any named variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50-
Thursday, July 11
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers.—
No. 111. Display, 24 square
feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 112. Small display, 12 square feet 3.00 2.50 2.00
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year.
Basket. —
No. 113. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 114. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
No. 115. Display. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Centaurea.—
No. 116. Display, Gypsophila may be
used 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
Petunia. —
No. 117. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 118. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 119. Latham 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 120. Taylor 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 121. Any other red variety 1.50 1.00 .50
1946] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 21
Currants, twenty-four bunches.—
No. 122. Any named varieties. 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 123. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 124. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pea, one-half peck- No. 125. Telephone 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 126. Wax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 127. Green Pod 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
Cucumber. —
No. 128. Three specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 129. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Lettuce, Iceberg.—
No. 130. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 131. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 132 Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, July 18
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 133. Display 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 134. Standard 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No other standards to be shown.
Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon). —
No. 135. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50
Table Decorations. —
No. 136. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. If Sweet Peas are used, flow- ers other than Gypsophila must be used in combina- tion. 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 137. Fifteen vases. No
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
No. 138. Five vases, 25 flower stems
in vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 139. Twelve vases 4 . 50 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Hemerocallis (Day Lilies). —
No. 140. Display 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 141. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
1946] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 23
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 142. Any named red variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 143. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry. —
No. 144. Wild, one quart 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 145. Cultivated, one pint, named 2.00 1.50 1.00
Currants, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 146. Wilder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Small Fruits. —
No. 147. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 148. Any named variety 2. 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 149. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 150. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables (not commercial growers). — No. 151. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, July 25
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o*clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 152. Display, 24 square
feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 153. Small display, 12 sq. ft, 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large displays during the year.
No. 154. Basket 3 .00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Gladiolus. —
No. 155. Ten vases, named varieties,
one spike in each 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 156. Twelve vases, one truss in a
vase 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Annuals. —
No. 157. Display 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 158. Astrachan 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 159. Yellow Transparent 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 160. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry, one quart. —
No. 161. Cultivated, one pint 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 162. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 163. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
1946] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 25
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 164. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 165. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 166. Summer 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. — No. 167. Irish Cobbler 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 168. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 169. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by
Society. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 54
Thursday, August 1
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 170. Basket 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
The Coulson Fund
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
F. Container to be furnished and
flowers to be grown by exhibitor 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
* * *
Gladiolus. —
No. 171. Display (not to exceed
50 square feet) 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
Larkspur, annual. —
No. 172. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Salpiglossis. —
No. 173. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 174. Twelve vases, named varieties,
one truss in each vase 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Zinnia, large flowered. —
No. 175. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers.—
No. 176. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
1946J
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
27
Special Prizes Offered by Mr. Herbert R. Kinney
G. Display of Cut Flowers
(round table) 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for twenty vases or displays during the year.
* * *
Blueberry. —
No. 177. Cultivated, one pint, any named
variety 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 178. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens.—
No. 179. Oldenburg 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 180. Astrachan 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 181. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 182. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 183. Copenhagen 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 184. Any other named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 185. Yellow, Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 186. Katahdin 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 187. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. —
No. 188. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 189. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 54
Gladiolus Exhibition
Thursday, August 8
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gladiolus. —
No. 190. Display (not to exceed 50 sq. ft.). Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 191. Twenty vases, one spike in
each, preferably named 5 . 00 4 . 00 3.00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Aster, large flowered, long stem. —
No. 192. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Salpiglossis. —
No. 193. Bowl 2.00 1.00 .50
Annuals. —
No. 194. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Flowers on a Mirror. —
No. 195. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 196. Williams 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 197. For seasonable varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 198. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
29
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 199. Dwarf, any variety No. 200. Pole, any variety
Bean, String, one-half peck. —
No. 201. Kentucky Wonder
Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. —
No. 202. Any named variety
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 203. Any named variety
Cucumber, for pickles.- -
No. 204. One-half peck
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 205. Any named variety (excepting
summer varieties) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 206. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 207. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 54
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, August 15
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m. Gladiolus. —
No. 208. Standard of gladiolus 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No other standards to be shown. No. 209. Basket. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Zinnia. —
No. 210. Display, notify the Secretary two days
inadvance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Dahlia.—
No. 211. Display. Single, pompon,
and miniature 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00
Display of Garden Flowers. —
No. 212. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Notify the Secretary two days
inadvance 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 213. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors may use own containers. Twenty-five dollars maybe used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Aster, single or anemone. —
No. 214. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Apples, twelve specimens.—
No. 215. Early Mcintosh 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 216. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 217. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
31
Plums, twelve specimens. —
No. 218. Washington 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 219. Bradshaw 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 220. Imperial Gage 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 221. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 222. Any variety. Five dollars maybe used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 223. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Pole, one-half peck. —
No. 224. Shell 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 225. String, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 226. Sweet, not less than twelve rows
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 227. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 54
Thursday, August 22
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 228. Display. 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 229. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Aster, large flowered. —
No. 230. Twenty vases, three
blooms in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
No. 231. Display 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Dahlia.—
LAKGE FLOWERED. —
No. 232. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Zinnia. —
SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY. —
No. 233. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 234. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Verbena. —
No. 235. Basket or Bowl 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Three Small Containers. —
No. 236. Display. A group of three small arrangements, each arrangement not to exceed 6 inches over all in height. Containers may be owned by exhibitor; flowers to be grown by exhibitors. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00.
1946] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 33
I
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 237. Gravenstein 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 238. Red Gravenstein 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 239. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum.—
No. 240. Display, no restriction as to
arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 241. Golden Jubilee 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 242. Carmen 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 243. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 244. Clapp's Favorite 3.00-2.50 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 245. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 246. Wonder Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 247. Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 248. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 54
Thursday, August 29
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gut Flowers. —
No. 249. Display. 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 250. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
Wild Flowers. —
No. 251. Fifteen vases, no
|
duplicates 3.00 2.50 |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
|
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page |
7. |
||||
|
Dahlia. — |
|||||
|
JNo. ZoZ. standard — Danlias |
|||||
|
nron r\m 1 n q ti n it ^ OO O ^\0 picUUIIllIld/LUlg, O . UU £ . OVJ |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
|
x> U UtllCl OLcLIlU.cU CIS liKJ Uc ollVjWil. |
|||||
|
Gladiolus. — |
|||||
|
No. 253. Basket 4.00 3.50 |
3 |
00 |
2.50 2.00 |
||
|
Aster. — |
|||||
|
No. 254. Display, not exceeding |
|||||
|
25 square feet 5.00 4.00 |
3 |
00 |
2 |
.00 |
1.00 |
|
Scabiosa. — |
|||||
|
No. 255. Vase 2.50 2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
Lilies. — |
|||||
|
No. 256. Vase 3.00 |
2.50 |
1 |
50 |
1.00 |
|
|
Apple, twelve specimens. — |
|||||
|
No. 257. Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 258. Any other variety 2. 00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 259. Wealthy 2 . 50 2 . 00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
Apple, Grab, twenty-four specimens.— |
|||||
|
No. 260. Hyslop 2.50 2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
Peach, twelve specimens. — |
|||||
|
No. 261. Seedlings 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
No. 262. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 263. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 264. Any other variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
35
Plum, twelve specimens.
|
No. 265. Golden Varieties |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 266. Lombard |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 267. Burbank |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
Xo. 268. New varieties |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 269. For Japanese varieties |
not scheduled, five dollars |
|||||
|
may be used for prizes. |
||||||
|
No. 270. Other varieties not scheduled, five |
dollars |
may |
be |
|||
|
used for prizes. |
||||||
|
Pepper, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
JNo. oquasn |
z . uu |
i |
ou |
i i |
,00 |
.50 |
|
No. 272. Varieties not scheduled |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Tomato, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 273. Bonny Best |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|
No. 274. Beauty |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
on |
. ou |
|
Xo. 275. Any other variety |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Bean, one-half peck. — |
||||||
|
No. 276. Bush Lima |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 277. Pole Lima |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Cabbage, three specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 278. Any named variety |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Celery, blanched (named) six specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 279. Any variety |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Carrot, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 280. Any variety |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Egg Plant.— |
||||||
|
No. 281. Three specimens |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
Mushroom, native. —
No. 282. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 283. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 54
Thursday, September 5
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 284. Display. 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 285. Metal container of cut flowers, container to be
furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor.
Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award
not to exceed $2.00.
Dahlia.—
No. 286. Twenty vases, one flower in
each vase 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 287. Vase or basket 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 288. Fifteen vases, one spike
in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Marigold. —
No. 289. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 290. Seedlings No. 291. New varieties No. 292. Any other variety
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 293. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 294. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 295. Elberta, early 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 296. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 297. Display, no restriction as to
arrangement 8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
37
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 298. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 299. Green Mountain 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 300. Moore's Early 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 301. Ontario 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 302. Fredonia 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 303. Varieties not scheduled. Five dollars for prizes.
No. 304. New varieties 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 305. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Melon, three specimens.—
No. 306, GreenFlesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 307. Yellow Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 308. Water 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato. —
No. 309. Display. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Vegetables. —
No. 310. Market Basket of Vegetables. Basket furnished by Society. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia Exhibition
Thursday, September 12
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Dahlia.—
No. 311. Thirty vases, one flower in each. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 312. Twelve vases, one flower
ineach 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
No. 313. Single varieties, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 314. Basket of large flowered 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 . 00 No. 315. Pompon, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 l.OQ
Display of Flower Arrangement. —
No. 316. Not to cover more than 20 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Not more than twelve receptacles to be used. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. No baskets.
Scale of Points by Which the Above Class is to be Judged
Arrangement of flowers 40 points
Quality of flowers 35 points Proportion and harmony of flowers
with receptacles 25 points
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 317. Cut flowers in vases. Not more than twenty vases to be used. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
39
Edwin Draper Fund
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
H. Display of Potted Plants. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 318. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 319. Seckel 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 320. Any variety, not scheduled 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Peach. —
No. 321. Elberta 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 322. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 323. Orange 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 324. Brighton 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 325. Campbell 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 326. Worden 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 327. Concord 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 328. Delaware 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 329. Niagara 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No 330. Moore's Diamond 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 331. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 332. New varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 333. Basket of Fancy Grapes
(baskets furnished) 3 . 00 2.50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 334. Warren 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 335. Golden Hubbard 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 336. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 337. Red 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 338. Savoy 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 339. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 340. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Broccoli. —
No. 341. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 342. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, September 19
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 343. Basket. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Dahlia.—
No. 344. Display (not to exceed 50 square feet). Fifty dollars
may be used for prizes.
Notify the secretary two days in advance. No. 345. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for growers who do not
compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
Cosmos. —
No. 346. Display. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 347. Container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes. Apple, one flat. —
No. 348. Mcintosh 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 349. Any variety not scheduled
3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 350. Hubbardston 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 351. Tompkins King 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 352. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 353. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 354. Sutton Beauty 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 355. Sheldon 3.00 2. 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 356. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. Twenty
dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance.
42
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1946
Grapes. —
No. 357. Display of Grapes. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Peppers. —
No. 358. Display. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes.
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 359. Green Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 360. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 361. Three specimens. 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 362. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, September 26
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 363. Display 6.00 5 00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 No. 364. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Standard of Cut Flowers. —
No. 365. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Chrysanthemum. —
No. 366. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Table Decorations — Fruit. —
No. 367 Oblong table laid for four eovers.
No restriction as to grower. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
No. 368. Mcintosh 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apple, three flats. —
No. 369. Three varieties 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 370. Mcintosh 5.50 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 371. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1. 00
Apples, twenty-five specimens.
No. 372. Any named variety. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Display of Fruit. — ,
No. 373. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be
used for prizes. No. 374. Basket of fancy fruit
(baskets furnished) 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 375. Bosc 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 376. Basket of Fancy Pears
(Baskets furnished) 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 377. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Pumpkins, three specimens. —
No. 378. Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 379. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Parsley. —
No. 380. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 381. Golden 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 382. Other varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 383. Blue Hubbard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 384. Collection 5 . 00 4 . 50 4 . 00 3 . 50 3 . 00
Vegetables. —
No. 385. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition
Thursday, October 3
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 386. Display. Thirty-five dollars may be awarded for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. —
No. 387. Cut flowers in vases. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Dried Flowers, Statice, Strawflowers, Lunaria (Honesty). —
No. 388. Display. 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apple, one flat. —
No. 389. Baldwin 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 390. Any other variety except
Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 391. Collection, not to exceed
10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
No. 392. Any variety not scheduled 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
|
No. 393. |
Baldwin 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
|
No. 394. |
Bellflower |
1.50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 395. |
Winter Banana |
1.50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 396. |
R. I. Greening |
3.00 2.00 1.50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 397. |
Northern Spy |
3.00 2.00 1.50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 398. |
Palmer |
1.50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 399. |
Cortland |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 1. |
00 |
|
No. 400. |
Opalescent |
1.50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 401. |
Delicious |
2.50 2.00 1.50 |
1 |
00 . |
50 |
|
No. 402. |
Delicious Sports |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
50 1. |
00 |
|
No. 403. |
New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes, |
46
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Apple, twelve specimens. — (continued)
No. 404. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 405. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen
dollars may be used for prizes. No. 406. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes. No, 407. Basket of fancy apples
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 408. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 409. Angouleme 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 410. Clairgeau 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 411. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 412. Lawrence 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 413. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 414. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 415. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 416. Champion 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 417. Three specimens 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 418. Golden 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1.00 .50
No. 419. Pascal 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 420. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Endive. —
No. 421. Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Leeks. —
No. 422. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
1946] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 47
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 423. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Salsify.—
No. 424. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 425. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, four varieties (named). —
No. 426. Twelve specimens of each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Turnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 427 . English Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 428. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grains. —
No. 429. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Field Beans. —
No. 430. Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Chrysanthemum Exhibition
Thursday, Nov. 7, 3 to 8.30 p. m. Friday, Nov. 8, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 9, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 10, 12 m. to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Chrysanthemums. —
Use catalogue of Charles H. Totty Co., Madison, N. J. No. 431. Twelve blooms, not less than
six varieties, to be named 12.00 10.00 8.00 No. 432. Collection of twenty-five large
blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00
No. 433. Pompons, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 434. Single varieties, display in vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 435. Anemones, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 436. Three specimen plants,
one plant in pot 15 .00 10 . 00 8 . 00 No. 437. One specimen plant,
one plant in pot 5.00 3.00 2.00
Standard Commercial Varieties. —
Use Totty's Catalogue, Madison, N. J.
No. 438. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 439. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 440. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 441. Any other color 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet.
Exhibition Varieties. —
No. 442. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 443 . Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 434. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 445. Any other color 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
49
Chrysanthemums. —
No. 446. Basket of Pompons 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 447. Basket of Single 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 448. Basket of Anemones 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Arrangement not to exceed 30 inches in height and width. Garden Displays. —
No. 449. Exhibitors occupying approximately
400 square feet No. 1 200 . 00
No. 2 175.00 No. 3 160.00 No. 4 140.00
No. 450. Exhibitors occupying approximately
200 square feet No. 1 80. 00
No. 2 70.00 No. 3 60.00
No. 451. Exhibitors occupying approximately
100 square feet No. 1 40 . 00
No. 2 30.00 No. 3 20.00 Scale of Points by which the above class is to be judged. Arrangement 50 points
Quality 35 points
Variety 15 points
Plant Displays. —
No. 452. Total Allotment 35 . 00
Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition. I. Special Exhibits, other than Chrysanthemums. — Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Frederick A. Blake Fund
J. Chrysanthemums.— Best bloom 4.00 3.00 2.00
K. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars may be awarded for prizes.
50
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage
L. Table Decorations. — A Thanksgiving table. No restric- tions. Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars to be used for prizes.
* * *
Fern Globes. —
No. 453. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Terrariums.—
No. 454. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 455. Small — Containers must not ex- ceed 18 inches in any dimension 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 Cacti and Succulents. —
No. 456. Not to exceed 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
Physalis Franchettii (Chinese Lanterns). —
No. 457. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50
Fruit Display. —
No. 458. No restriction as to arrangement, not to exceed 15 square feet. Forty dollars maybe used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Apple Display. —
No. 459. 50 square feet. One hundred and fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 460. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 461. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 462. Delicious 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 463. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 464. Basket of Fancy Apples 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 465. Basket of Fancy Pears 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apples, twelve specimens. —
|
No. 466. |
Baldwin |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 467. |
Delicious |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 468. |
Mcintosh |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 469. |
Delicious Red Strains |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
[1946
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
51
Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund
A. Cortland, best twelve. —
Three premiums 1.50 1.00 .50
B. Northern Spy.—
Four premiums 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
C. Roxbury Russet. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
D. Rhode Island Greening. —
Four premiums 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
E. Sutton Beauty.—
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
F. Any other Variety. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
* * *
Brussels Sprouts. —
No. 470. Two one-quart baskets 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 471. Pascal 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 472. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 473 . White Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 474. Red Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 475. Cracker 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 476. Any other variety. Eight dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 477. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 478. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 479. Blue Hubbard 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 480. Butternut 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 481. Buttercup 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 482. Table Queen 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 483. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[194a
Turnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 484. Purple Top Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Turnip, six specimens. —
No. 485. Rutabaga 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 486. Green Mountain 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 487. Katahdin 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 488. Chippewa 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 489. Sebago 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 490. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 491. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by
Society. Twelve dollars may be used for prizes.
Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished)
No. 492. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 5, 1946. Premiums will be paid on or after November 19, 1946.
THE LIBRARY OF THE
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information.
COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Edward W. Breed, Chairman Emeritus Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport Herbert R. Kinney
Florence E. Field, Librarian Dr. Burton N. Gates
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
53
Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library
American Orchid Culture, Edward A. White, 1945
A B C and X Y Z of Bee Culture, A. I. Root, 1945
Green Cargoes, Ann Dorrance, 1945
Weeds of Lawn and Garden, John M. Fogg, Jr., 1945
Enjoy Your House Plants, Jenkins and Wilson, 1944
Perennials Preferred, Helen Van Pelt Wilson, 1945
Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book, 1944
Hay Fever Plants, Roger P. Woodhouse, 1945
Flowers, Their Arrangement, J. Gregory Conway, 1940
Plant Growth, L. Edwin Yocum, 1945
How to Know the Mosses, Henry S. Conrad, 1944
Grapes and Wines, U. P. Hedrick, 1945
Trees, Shrubs and Vines for Northeastern United States, George Graves, 1945
Plant Life in the Pacific World, Elmer D. Merrill, 1945
A Naturalist in Cuba, Thomas Barbour, 1945
Naturalist at Large, Thomas Barbour, 1943
Brazil, Orchid of the Tropics, Mulford and Racine Foster, 1945
Gladiolus Year Book, 1945.
American Rose Annual, 1945
American Delphinium Society Year Book, 1944-1945 Addisonia, Publication of the New York Botanical Society The Begonian, Monthly Publication of the American Begonia Society
The Following Bulletins Have Been Received
American Iris Society, 1945 Arnold Arboretum, 1945
Extension Service Bulletins from Massachusetts State College Storrs Agricultural Extension Station, University of Connecticut Cornell University Experiment Station. The Flowering Shrub Garden, Michael Haworth-Booth, 1939 Flower Portraits, Blanche Henrey, 1938 Garden Flowers in Color, Daniel J. Foley, 1943 Diseases of Economic Plants, Stevens and Hall, 1933 Revised edition, Grow Your Own Vegetables, Paul W. Dempsey, 1934
54
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
The Food Garden, Laurence and Edna Blair, 1943
Plants and Flowers in the Home, Kenneth Post, 1944
Flower Arrangement in the Church, Katherine M. McClinton, 1944
10,000 Garden Questions Answered by 15 Experts, 1944. Edited by
R. F. Rockwell Southern Horticulture, H. P. Stuckey, 1944 Fruits for the Home Garden, U. P. Hedrick, 1944 Honey Plants of North America, John H. Lovell, 1926 The Vegetable Growing Business, R. L. and Gilbert S. Watts, 1943 Destructive and Useful Insects, Metcalf and Flint, 1939
Worcester County Horticultural Society
SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County
Exhibitions to be held on each Thursday beginning July 25 to August 29, 1946 inclusive Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street
Worcester, Massachusetts
Thursday, July 25
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Gut Flower Display. —
No. 1. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 2. Basket 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 3. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named. 1 . 00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 4. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 5. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
No. 6. Vase of mixed flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 7. Ten vases, to be named 1.00 .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Carrots. —
No. 8. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 9. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 10. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
No. 11. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 12. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
3
Open to Juniors, those under 16 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 13. Display, 10 square feet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 14. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named. .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 15. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 16. Five vases . 75 .50 .25
No. 17. Basket of Cut Flowers .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 18. Ten vases, to be named .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Carrots. —
No. 19. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Beets. —
No. 20. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 21. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 22. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 23. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 1
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Centurea. —
No. 24. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Calendula. —
No. 25. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Marigold. —
No. 26. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Gut Flowers. —
No. 27. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named 1.00 .75 .50
No. 28. Vase of cut flowers, mixed 1 . 00 .75 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 29. Display, not over 12 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
String Beans. —
No. 30. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Beets. —
No. 31. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 32. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 16 years Gentaurea. —
No. 33. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 34. Five vases .75 .50 .25
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
5
Marigold. —
No. 35. Five vases . 75 . 50 . 25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 36. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named No. 37. Vase of cut flowers
Vegetables
No. 38. Display, not over 10 varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Beets. —
No. 39. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 40. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
No. 41. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
.75 .50 .25 .75 .50 .25
Thursday, August 8
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Marigold. —
No. 42. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 43. Ten vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 44. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Gut Flowers. —
No. 45. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 46. Ten vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 47. Small container to be shown on mirror. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage.—
No. 48. Two heads 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 49. Six ears 1 . 00 .75 .50
Potatoes. —
No. 50. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Tomato.—
No. 51. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 52. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
7
Open to Juniors, those under 16 years Marigold. —
No. 53. Five vases .75 .1
50 .25
Petunia. —
No. 54. Ten vases
.75
50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 55. Five vases
.75
50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 56. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To be named
.75
50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 57. Ten vases. To be named
.75
50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 58. Small container to be shown on mirror. Four dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage. —
No. 59. Two heads .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 60. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Potato.—
No. 61. Six specimens , .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 62. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 63. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for
prizes.
Thursday, August 15
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 64. Display, 15 square feet 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 65. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 66. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 67. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 68. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 69. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 70. Six ears 1 . 00 .75 .50
Cucumbers. —
No. 71. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 72. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 16 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 73. Display, 10 square feet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 74. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To be
named .75 .50 .25
1946] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9
Marigold. —
' No. 75. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 76. Five vases .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 77. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans. —
No. 78. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 79. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Cucumbers. —
No. 80. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 81. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 22
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cosmos. —
No. 82. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 83. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 84. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 85. Five vases, five varieties, one spike in
a vase. To be named. 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 86. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 87. Basket, mixed • 1 . 00 . 75 . 50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 88. Six ears 1.00 75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 89. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Market Basket. —
No. 90. Baskets furnished by the Society and
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Open to Juniors, those under 16 years Cosmos. —
No. 91. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 92. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
11
Asters. —
No. 93. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 94. Five vases, five varieties, one spike in
a vase. To be named. , 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 95. Five vases 75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 96. Five vases, exhibitions own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named .75 .50 .25
Basket. —
No. 97. Cut flowers, mixed .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 98. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 99. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Market Basket. —
No. 100. Baskets furnished by the Society
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Thursday, August 29
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Display of Flowers. —
No. 101. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 102. Vase, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 103. Five vases 1 . 00 . 75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 104. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 105. Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00
Zinnia. —
No. 106. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 107. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Cosmos. —
No. 108. Vase 1.00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 109. Ten vases. To be named 1.50 1.00 .50 .25 No. 110. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. —
No. 111. Not over 15 varieties
2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
Potato.—
No. 1 12. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 75 .50
Beets. —
No. 113. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
13
Carrots. —
No. 114. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 115. Two quarts in pods 1 . 00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 116. Two quarts 1.00 75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 117. Six ears 1 00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 118. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50
Cucumber. —
No. 119. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
No. 120. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Winter Squash. —
No. 121. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Celery. —
No. 122. Three specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Onion. —
No. 123. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 124. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 16 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 125. Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 126. Vase .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 127. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Asters. —
No. 128. Five vases 75 .50 . 25
Petunia. —
No. 129. Ten vases 75 .50 . 25
14
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Marigolds. —
No. 130. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Gladiolus. —
No. 131. Five vases, five varieties, one spike
in each. To be named. .75 .50 .25
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 132. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 133. Ten vases, To be named .75 .50 .25
No. 134. Vase of Wild Flowers .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. — No. 135. Not to exceed 12 varieties
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75
Beets. —
No. 136. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 137. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 138. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans. —
No. 139. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Potato.—
No. 140. Twelve specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 141. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 142. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Carrots.—
No. 143. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Cucumber. —
No. 144. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
Green Peppers. —
No. 145. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 146. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
1946]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
15
Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits.
Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Seniors, between 15 and 21 years and Juniors, those under 16 years.
The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by two o'clock p.m.
All varieties of flowers and vegetables shall be named.
Each vase shall have two or more flowers each, except when otherwise specified.
In all exhibits of Wild Flowers only those falling in groups I and II of the New England Wild Flower Preservation Society Bulletin may be shown.
At no time shall the exhibit contain more than three kinds of flowers from group II.
Ask the Secretary for Bulletin by the New England Wild Flower Preservation Society showing flowers that may be picked.
The judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens.
Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition season.
Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society.
CHILDREN'S EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
H. Ward Moore, Chairman Allen J. Jenkins Andrew W. Love William B. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport
Transactions of Worcester County Horticultural Society
Officers for the Year 1948 Reports of the Officers and Lectures
Year Ending December 3, 1947 30 Elm Street, Worcester, Massachusetts
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
For the Year 1948
PRESIDENT
MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
MRS. HOMER GAGE Worcester, Mass.
ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass.
HERBERT R. KINNEY Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, of North Grafton Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street
TREASURER
BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester
John J. Bridgman Andrew W. Love Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop Ralph C. Breed George F. E. Story Chesterfield Fiske Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter Albert W. Schneider H. Sidney Vaughan Mrs. Emily S. Taft
TRUSTEES
Auburn Myron S. Wheeler Berlin
Auburn Ernest P. Bennett Worcester
Sutton Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester
Clinton J. Frank Cooper Worcester
Leicester Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester
Northboro Mrs. Florence C. Emory Worcester
Boylston Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Worcester
Boylston Ernest Hansen Worcester
Shrewsbury Allen W. Hixon Worcester
Shrewsbury Allyne W. Hixon Worcester
Auburn Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Worcester
West Boylston H. Ward Moore Worcester
Clinton Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester
Northboro Leslie E. Winter Worcester
Oxford Robert S. Illingworth Worcester
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Malcolm C. Midgley, 1948 Myron F. Converse, 1949
Harry Harrison, 1950
NOMINATING COMMITTEE Edward A. Bigelow, 1948 E. Stanley Wright, 1949
George Avery White, 1950
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman
Herbert R. Kinney Dr. Burton N. Gates
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Florence E. Field, Librarian
ON NOMENCLATURE
J. Frank Cooper Allen J. Jenkins
S. Lothrop Davenport Charles Potter
Mrs. Amy W. Smith Ernest Hansen Herbert R. Kinney
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman Chesterfield Fiske Allyne W. Hixon
Mrs. William W. Taft Charles Potter
Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Elizabeth R. Bishop
Andrew W. Love Allen W. Hixon
H. Ward .Moore Herbert R. Kinney
Mrs. John D. Hassett Mrs. Bertha G. Denny
Mrs. Florence E. Field William E. Morey
William B. Midgley Leslie E. Winter
William Todd Myron F. Converse, President S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
AUDITORS
Harry C. Midgley Harrison G. Taylor
JUDGES
Plants and Flowers: William B. Midgley, Worcester
Fruit: Andrew W. Love, Auburn
Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester
MEDAL COMMITTEE
Myron F. Converse, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport
Allen W. Hixon
ON WINTER MEETINGS
Myron F. Converse, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Mrs. Herbert P. Emory Albert H. Inman
Earl T. Harper H. Sidney Vaughan
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
President's Address
To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
It is gratifying to note the constant progress which has at- tended the efforts of people who have devoted of their time and talent to the development of the art of horticulture. In the early days the New England settlers were bound by necessity to give their full attention to the pursuit of agriculture but the day came finally when horticulture received due attention. It was a project, one initiated, which received early and favorable response. Groups of people united for the purpose of conducting exhibits of flowers, fruits, and vegetables, and through the con- tacts thus afforded, these occasions acquired something of a social character. The members of these groups soon organized into societies, and we are pleased to mention that this Society is an outstanding example of one where success is due to the diligent efforts of its members who are well skilled in the work at hand, thus freely defusing its benefits to the people of this community.
The accomplishment of the tasks of the year just closing are creditable and include many activities which definitely point the way to the possibility of further attainments.
The Spring Show and the Chrysanthemum Show, too, are annual classics which delight throngs of flower enthusiasts, and, as in former years, enjoyed meritorious success.
The Winter Meetings Committee conducted a course of lec- tures which proved to be instructive as well as entertaining and were well attended each Thursday afternoon during the winter months.
Then a course of six lectures on subjects relating to the devel- opment of landscape was offered to those persons interested in gaining or increasing their knowledge of horticulture as it applied to the care of their home grounds. The lectures were presented by educators who are well qualified to speak on their respective subjects.
The members of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibi- tions of which Mr. Allen J. Jenkins is the chairman have been unfailing in their undertaking and in the accomplishments of this Committee its members have found ready assistance from Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport, our secretary, and Mr. Archibald J. Huey, the superintendent of the building. In recent years this
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 7
Committee has held a dinner meeting in December at which plans are discussed for the exhibits of the coming season, and much good has emanated therefrom.
Mention should also be made of the Annual Reunion which, as usual, afforded opportunity for social gathering, the only meeting in the year's program which is free from care. Mr. Charles John Stevenson, of Cambridge, New York, addressed the audience on the subject entitled "The American Scene/' after which the Chaminade Singers presented a musical program.
The Library with its books, magazines, and other literature abounds with means of study and enlightenment, all of which is made available through the solicitous efforts of the Library Committee acting under the direction of the chairman, Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr., who together with our able librarian, Mrs. John A. Field, seek to serve.
A course of instruction in flower arrangements conducted by Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick during the summer months, as in past years, is worthy of continued high commendation.
Through the courtesy of Mrs. William T. Forbes, the Society now has in its possession a membership card issued to her under date of November 16, 1859. This item of interest is being preserved for posterity in the annals of the Society. Mrs. Forbes' early membership in this Society is due to the enthusiastic interest which her father, William T. Merrifield, Esquire, took in the work of this organization.
Instances occur when it appears that some of the exhibitors have not thoroughly studied the rules and regulations which are promulgated by this Society for observance by the exhibitors with the result that in some cases such rules have been innocently violated. In fairness to themselves and other exhibitors, one should carefully read and observe these regulations which are published each year in the premium schedule.
Each year the results of the work are an inspiration to greater achievement, and it is certain that the high standards of the past have been fully maintained during this period, for all of which we are grateful to those who have participated therein.
Respectfully submitted,
Myron F. Converse, President
Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1947
Secretary's Report, 1947
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Winter Meetings
The usual winter lectures were presented during 1947, begin- ning on January 2, and running for nine weeks.
Air. Kenneth 0. Ward, of Georgetown, Mass., presented on Thursday afternoon, January 2, our first lecture, "Northern Gardens." This was well given and showed many fine clear- cut pictures taken in Alassachusetts and New York state. The attendance was rather small due to a bad snow and ice storm.
On January 9, Mr. Philip Noble gave an illustrated lecture on "Back to Old Virginia." He presented to a full house some fine pictures of Old Virginia, most of which had been shown before.
On January 16, Miss Anne B. Wertsner, field secretary of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, gave her lecture on "Pennsylvania's Beautiful Gardens." She well presented some beautiful pictures taken throughout Pennsylvania, making a specialty of showing the same garden at different seasons of the year.
On January 23, Associate Professor George L. Slate of New York State Agricultural Experiment Station of Geneva, New York, presented to a large audience his lecture on "Garden Lilies." This was the best educational lecture of the series.
On January 30, Mrs. Charles F. Berry, of Longmeadow, gave her lecture on "Wild Flowers and Flowering Shrubs." She showed many fine pictures which were well presented to a capacity house.
On February 6, Mr. James Pond of New York presented the lecture, "Tropic Wonderland," showing in natural colors many of the strange fruits, flowers, and trees of the Tropics.
On February 13, a member of our Society, Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick, of Worcester, gave a most enjoyable lecture, "Cre-
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
ating Flower Pictures, " demonstrating with spring flowers many beautiful flower arrangements.
February 20, Mr. Percy A. Brigham, of Arlington, Mass., gave his lecture, "If Winter Comes, Can Spring Be Far Behind?" This was well presented to a full house and showed in natural color, pictures taken around New England during all seasons of the year.
The last lecture of the series was given on February 27, by Mr. Frank Weston Barber, of Dunham Centre, Conn. The subject "Reflections" was well presented with natural color Kodachrome slides, showing many reflected pictures taken throughout New England.
Annual Reunion
The Annual Reunion of the Society was held on Thursday evening, March 20, with a reception in the Library which was well decorated with spring flowers.
Following the banquet in the dining room, President Myron F. Converse reported on some of the activities of the Society, and then introduced our guest speaker of the evening, Mr. Charles John Stevenson, of Cambridge, N. Y., who spoke on "American Scene/' Mr. Stevenson had a real message and stressed right thinking, honesty, good deeds, and appreciation of the great advantages and opportunities that we have in America, as most essential today. He said we had strayed away from the rugged honesty of our forefathers, prosperity has dulled our conscience. If we all went about doing good, there would be no wars, no fear, no poverty, no sorrow, only peace, prosperity, and happiness.
Following his address all adjourned to the auditorium, where the Charminade Singers, a group of Worcester young women presented a program of group and solo selections.
Beautifying the Home Grounds
With the continued building of new homes and the need of improving the home surroundings, the Society offered two series of lectures, one on "Beautifying the Home Grounds," and the other on "Hardy Perennials and Fall Bulbs." These were instructional lectures held on Thursday evenings and covered the following subjects —
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 11
March 27, "Choosing and Developing the Home Site/' by Mr. M. J. Markerson, University of Massachusetts.
April 3, "The Making and Care of Lawns/' by Mr. Jesse DeFrance, Rhode Island State College, Kingston, R. I.
April 10, "Trees and Shrubs with at Least Two Seasons of Ornamental Interest for the Home Grounds/' by Dr. Donald Wyman, horticulturist, The Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain.
April 17, "Pruning and Care of Trees and Shrubs/' by Pro- fessor Lyle Blundell, Professor of Horticulture, University of Massachusetts.
April 24, "Design of the Home Grounds," by Professor Ray- mond H. Otto, head of Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Massachusetts.
May 1, "The Selection and Use of Annuals and Perennials," by Mr. A. W. Boicourt, University of Massachusetts.
The second series of three lectures was held in the fall.
On September 11 and 18 Mr. Charles J. Weeks, of Springfield, presented two lectures on "Hardy Perennials," and on Septem- ber 25, Professor Clark L. Thayer, head of the Department of Floriculture of the University of Massachusetts, gave a most interesting lecture on "Fall Bulbs."
Most of these lectures were well attended by interested people.
Flower Arrangement Workshop
The Society again this year held a series of eight classes on flower arrangement work, under the supervision of Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick. The classes were held on Thursday afternoons beginning June 12 and ending on September 18.
The course covered about the same ground as last year but in addition, time was spent on the arrangement of flowers for exhibitions, parties, etc. Considerable interest was shown in this work and from these classes we gained new exhibitors who helped to improve and enlarge our regular Thursday shows.
Exhibitions of 1947
In general the exhibits of 1947 showed a decided improvement over previous years with some new classes added, as well as more new exhibitors.
12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
The vegetable and fruit classes early in the season were not well filled, but as the season progressed a marked improvement was noted. Most flowers were plentiful, but late and made excellent showings during the year.
The season opened with the Spring Show from March 13 to 16 inclusive. The building was well filled and attractively arranged with all kinds of spring flowers, flowering shrubs, carnations, etc. We had rather a light showing of vegetables, but a fair display of fruit.
The regular exhibits of the season started on May 15 with a good showing although the season was running late.
The most popular classes of the year were the calls for flower arrangements, flowers on a mirror, table decorations, pair of mantel vases, metal container of flowers, and in the vegetable classes, the calls for vegetable displays and market baskets are still in the lead.
Roses were rather late this season and the rose exhibition on June 19 was very light but as the season advanced we had some excellent showings, and several times, 150 or more varieties of roses were shown. Roses enjoyed a long season this year for we had roses exhibited from June 5 through October 2 and we could have had outdoor roses shown even at our November show.
On July 3 several lots of outstanding delphiniums were shown and September 18, Mr. Martin Gilmore, of Manchester, Mass., exhibited an excellent seedling dahlia, Felsenmere Beauty, which was awarded a certificate of merit.
During August and September members of the workshop classes showed their handiwork which added a great deal to our shows.
The season ended with a most delightful chrysanthemum show from November 6 to 9 inclusive.
The building was well filled with high quality fruits, flowers, and vegetables which made a fine impression.
The showing of vegetables was fair, but the exhibit of fruit was the largest and best that we have had for years, and it is safe to say that it was the best display of fruit shown anywhere in the state this year.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 13
Children's Exhibits
The children's exhibits were held in the west hall on Thursday afternoons as part of the regular exhibits. Six shows were held beginning on July 24 and ending on August 28, with exhibits of cultivated and wild flowers and vegetables.
This year in the exhibits of wild flowers, we used the Wild Flower Guide, recommended by the Hadwen Botanical Club for Worcester County and feel that we have made a step in the right direction.
The first of the season the senior classes were not well filled but they improved as the season advanced. The junior classes were much better filled most of the time and they showed some excellent material.
The most popular classes were wild flowers, zinnias, and flowers on a mirror.
We had some new exhibitors and if the children's exhibits continue to grow as they did this season, we will have to find more room than we had in the west hall.
Respectfully submitted,
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
December 4, 1947
Treasurer's Report
For the Year Ending December 3, 1947
STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES
Expenditures
Income
Rents: Hall $2,180.00
Stores 45,000.00 $47,180.00
|
Permanent Funds: |
|
|
Membership Fund.. |
$104.92 |
|
16.25 |
|
|
Blake Fund |
95.00 |
|
30.00 |
|
|
Dewey Fund |
20.10 |
|
Draper Fund |
6.50 |
|
Eames Fund |
16.00 |
|
Hadwen Fund |
20.00 |
|
Morse Fund |
17.00 |
Membership Fees . . .
Interest Earned: Permanent Funds Investments
$145.81 248.54
Educational Program (Banquet Tickets)
Federal Taxes Withheld
Money Borrowed on Note of the Society
Telephone Tolls
Other Income
Refund of Expenses :
(Washing Dishes and Dues Overpaid)
325.77
190.00
594.55
301.00 551.90
1,000.00 5.05 52.00
11.00
$50,011.05
Cash Balance, December 4, 1946 1,129.54
$51,140.59
Library
Periodicals
Publications
Educational Program 2,051.7!
Premiums of 1947
Special
Children's
Bigelow Fund . .
Blake Fund
Coulson Fund . .
Draper Fund . . .
Eames Fund . . .
Hadwen Fund . .
Morse Fund. . . . Expense :
Exhibitions
Office
Operating
Aliscellaneous . .
$8,505.10 50.00 282.45 16.25 95.00 50.00 6.50 16.00 20.00 17.00
$654.77 757.98 693.99 559.61
Furniture and Fixtures 1,201.8'
Maintenance:
Furniture and Fix- tures $490.43
Real Estate 1.443.25
Salaries
Interest Paid on Mortgage (Front
Street)
Interest Paid on Temporary Note Interest Added to Permanent Funds Interest Returned to Investments
Insurance
Light, Heat, Water. .
Janitor Services
Transfer to Membership Fund. . . Collector of Internal Revenue for
Income Taxes Withheld
Reduction of Notes
Reduction of Mortgage (Front
Street)
16,000.0
Total $50,685.1
Cash Balance December 5, 1947 454.q{
$51,140.3'
STATEMENT OF GAINS AND LOSSES
Gains
lexpended Balance of Appro- priations for Children's Exhibi- tions $17.55
come from Permanent Funds. . 525.77
embership Fees 190.00
Lnts $2,180.00
45,000.00 47,180.00
her Income 52.00
$47,765.32
Losses
Appropriations $15,000.00
Excess of Premiums Awarded
Over Appropriations 65.10
Depreciation 1,004.05
Special and Permanent Fund Pre- miums 250.75
Expense Accounts 2,650.52
Insurance 528.35
Interest 940.49
Janitor Service 3,746.00
Light, Heat, and Water 1,648.97
Maintenance Accounts 1,933.68
Periodicals 37.00
Publications 1,553.90
Educational Program 1,750.75
Total $28,709.36
Net Gains to Surplus 19,055.96
$47,765.32
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Assets
Permanent Funds (Investment) : People's Sav. Bank,
Hadwen Fund. . . $1,082.01 Wor. Five Cents Sav. Bk.
Bigelow Fund (In- come) 61.76
Draper Fund .... 567.65
Eames Fund 515.59
Morse Fund 527.95
Worcester Mech. Sav. Bk.
Blake Fund 1,104.54
Dewey Fund 1,000.00
McWilliam Fund 251.23 Wor. Co. Inst, for Sav.
Coulson Fund . . . 1,029.11 U. S. Series G 23^%
Bond 1,000.00
Investments:
Wor. Co. Inst, for
Sav 4,157.57
W7or. Five Cents Sav.
Bank 4,298.04
Wor. Mech. Sav.
Bank 4,159.75
12,615.16
Membership Fund 5,460.00
Furniture and Fixtures 16,765.68
Library 1,094.85
Petty Cash Acct 50.00
Real Estate 500,000.00
Cash Wor. Co. Tr. Co 454.61
$545,575.70
Liabilities
Bigelow Fund:
Principal $1,000,OC
Income 61.76
Blake Fund:
Principal 1,000.0(
Income 104.34
Coulson Fund:
Principal 1,000.0(
Income 29.11
Dewey Fund:
Principal 1,000,OC
Income
Draper Fund:
Principal 500.0C
Income 67.63
Eames Fund:
Principal 500.0C
Income 15.39
Hadwen Fund:
Principal 1,000.00
Income 82.01
McWilliam Fund :
Principal 200.00
Income 51.25
Morse Fund:
Principal 500.00
Income 27.95
Mortgage Note (Front St. Prop- erty) 18,000.00
Note Payable 1,000.00
Taxes Withheld for Account of
Collector of Internal Revenue 86.00
Surplus:
Balance, Dec. 4,
1946 $498,296.34
Net Gain, 1947. . . 19,055.96
$517,352.30 $543,375
Respectfully submitted,
B. W. Greenwood, Treasurer
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 17
AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATE
We have caused an audit of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society to be made for the year ended December 3, 1947, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved.
Respectfully submitted,
Harry C. Midgley, Harrison G. Taylor,
Auditors
Worcester, Massachusetts December 3, 1947
I have made an examination of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society for the year ended December 3, 1947. In my opinion the accompanying Balance Sheet, Statement of Income and Expenses with Surplus, correctly set forth the financial condition of the Society as of December 3, 1947, and the results of its operations as of that date.
Adah B. Johnson, Auditor
Worcester, Massachusetts December 3, 1947
Librarian's Report
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester Horticultural Society:
The main objective of the Library Committee and librarian is to increase the resources of the fine Library of the Society.
The most significant development in 1947 is the increase in the number of books in circulation. Total number reaching 906 against some 700 in 1946.
Subjects of books loaned show many and varied interests; landscape design and structure, flowering shrub gardens, peren- nial gardens, greenhouse and window gardens leading the list. Flower arrangement and decoration, cultivation of roses, lilies, and perennials in general, show an appreciable increase.
All about House Plants, Montague Free, 1946. Greenhouse Gardening for Everyone, Ernest Chabot, 1946. Gardening with Shrubs, Mary Deputy Lamson, 1946. A Wine Growers Guide, Philip M. Wagner, 1945.
Greenhouses, Their Construction and Equipment, W. J. Wright, 1946. Dwarj Fruit Trees, I. B. Lucas, 1946.
The Picture Primer oj Indoor Gardening, Margaret O. Goldsmith, 1946. Sunset Flower Arrangement Book, Nell True Welch, Edited by Rudolph Schaeffer, 1946.
Lilies jor Every Garden, Isabella Preston, 1947.
Our Trees, How to Know Them, Emerson and Weed, 1946.
Epiphyllum Handbook, Scott E. Haselton, 1946.
Propagation oj Plants, Kains & McOuesten, 1947.
In an Herb Garden, Annie Burnham Carter, 1947.
Flower Arranging jor the American Home, Gladys Taber and Ruth Kistner, 1947.
Soils and Fertilizers jor Greenhouse and Garden, Laurie and Kiplinger, 1946. American Wild Flowers, Ethel Hinckley Hausman, 1947. The Great Forest, Richard G. Lillard, 1947. Art oj Flower Arrangement, Ishimoto, 1947. Camellias, G. G. Gerbing, 1945.
Commercial Flower Forcing, Laurie & Kiplinger, 1947. Flower Arrangement jor Everyone, Biddle and Blom, 1947. Dahlias, What Is Known about Them, Morgan T. Riley, 1947.
20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
Modern Roses III, J. Horace McFarland, 1947. Your Book of Garden Plans, Norman A. Morris, 1946. The Green Earth, Harold William Rickett, 1945. Delphinium Year Book, 1946. American Rose Annual, 1947.
Bulletins from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., Cornell University Experiment Station, Arnold Arboretum, and the Quarterly Bulle- tins from The American Iris and The New England Gladiolus Society.
The 1946 publications of Horticulture and The Gardeners' Chronicle oj America have been bound for our files.
Current periodicals form a valuable and much used section of our Library with a total of thirty-five separate publications.
Respectfully submitted,
Florence E. Field, Librarian
December 4, 1947
Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The gardens of the spring flowering bulbs and plants always draw to our building many guests who enjoy with us the privilege of viewing the work of our competent growers.
The arrangements of the gardens at our spring shows are pictures, done with living plants and these exhibitors are artists in their own right.
The garden displays in the main hall and west room were set up mostly in beds of tulips and narcissi of numerous varieties, pansies and other well-grown plants. Forsythia, dogwood, and azaleas, forced for the exhibit added much to the general effect. An unusual garden in the center of the hall displayed, not the customary flowering bulbs, but a planting of well-grown gera- niums in low and tree form, also fuchsias.
The carnation and plant displays in the lower halls were nicely set up and well worthy of mention.
The May show, the first exhibition of the season for outdoor flowers is usually not large, as material this time of year is not too plentiful. Table decorations help to make this a creditable show. Carnations were of very fine quality.
In June, the flowers become more plentiful and exhibitors in cut flower displays, the 24-square-foot class, set up some excep- tionally fine stands throughout the entire season. The 12-square- foot class seemed quite popular with the smaller growers.
Flower arrangements were many, with competition very keen and the judge was stumped at times in trying to make the proper decisions. This is a very popular call, giving the exhibitors with small garden areas, a chance to display their flowers in an artistic manner.
During the summer months some of the exhibits were small, as the plants came into bloom a week later than normally.
There were some very fine specimens of delphinium, more shown than in the previous year. Regal lilies, too, were quite
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 23
plentiful. Roses were shown all through the summer and fall, one display having as many as 132 varieties. Tuberous-rooted begonias are always greatly admired and several fine blooms were arranged on round tables.
The gladioli were late for the first call but we were favored with some very fine varieties as the season progressed.
The summer annuals were not too plentiful, zinnias being the most abundant. On the whole the dahlias shown were quite good, though not in profusion as in years past.
The seniors and juniors showed the results of their labor in the west room. Competition, especially in the junior groups, where there were more exhibitors, was very keen.
The chrysanthemum show is always well received by the public. The many types and varieties tend to make this exhibi- tion most interesting for the visitors. The gardens in the main hall and west room were a riot of color. The quality of the individual plants was exceptionally fine and the garden arrange- ments showed great care in planning this outstanding exhibit. There were fewer entries in the standard, pompon, anemone, and single types, due in part to the long warm fall. Chrysan- themums like the cool of the autumn season to produce their blooms on schedule time.
Terrariums and fern globes were as usual nicely filled. I know the final results represent many long tramps in the woods and open fields, to gather the necessary materials.
Again, I am grateful to Mr. Charles Potter and Mr. Samuel Goddard for their able assistance. I feel that their judgment and years of experience fit them for this exacting position. I appreciate the cooperation of the officers, members, and ex- hibitors in making my year of 1947, as judge, a pleasant one.
Respectfully submitted,
William B. Midgley, Judge of Plants and Flowers
December 4, 1947
Report of Judge of Fruit
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester Horticultural Society:
As a whole the past year was a good one for the growing of fruit. Apples were an exception as they ran into difficulty with another wet May. This made scab control difficult.
Shortages of labor and time cut the number of exhibitors. Some of our small fruits were considerably better than in previous years. This was especially true of strawberries and raspberries, while the showings of cherries were fewer than usual.
The number of exhibitors of apples dropped in September due to the difficulty of harvesting the apple crop because of very high priced labor.
Three large orchardists participated in giving us a fine spring exhibition of apples. Strawberries started very late in June. Everett C. Nash exhibited the finest Catskills we have ever seen in years. Like strawberries, raspberries started late and were shown in very limited quantity. Quality was very high.
Currants and gooseberries were weak, being shown very few times. Blackberries were shown over a number of weeks. Their quality was excellent. Cultivated blueberries were shown in a very limited way. While the quantity of wild ones was small, the quality was good.
August was a very hot month, in fact it was so hot that instead of ripening fruit, like peaches and apples early, it actually held up their development. This is due to the fact that apples and peaches cease to elaborate plant food when the temperature hovers in the neighborhood of 90. This caused peaches and apples in commercial orchards to be rather late in coloring and ripening. Consequently, the color and finish of apples exhibited in August and September was not up to that of some previous years. However, the quality of peaches was somewhat better than usual, although they were late. Pears were delayed in maturing also. Several of our pear exhibitors of other years have dropped out.
26 WORCESTER C,OUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
Grapes were a victim of weather this year. They were slow to mature and were caught by a bad frost in September. Never- theless, we had an excellent week or two of them.
Like other years, as September rolled on, the quantity and quality of apple exhibits improved, so that by October second, a large number of excellent exhibits were made.
It was not possible for me to judge the November exhibition but a scrutiny of the record of exhibits indicates clearly that this must have been one of the greatest fruit shows in a long time.
In order to judge the full program of the year, a comparison with 1945 and 1946 is in order. It seems to me that this year, while weak in spots, was considerably superior to the two pre- vious years.
Respectfully submitted,
Andrew W. Love, Judge of Fruit
Report of Judge of Vegetables
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
In this, my 1947 report as Judge of Vegetables, I wish to pay tribute to the exhibitors in this department for the fine quality of their exhibits and the very attractive way in which they were displayed. This has been especially gratifying when we take into account that the exhibitors have been confronted with the same unfavorable weather and labor conditions that we have had in the last few years.
At the Spring Show in March, the exhibition of vegetables was smaller than usual but of good quality and well arranged. The same conditions prevailed during the May and June ex- hibitions.
The "Market Basket of Vegetables/' it seems to me, has been the outstanding feature in the exhibitions in this depart- ment. The number of exhibits has been large, the vegetables of fine quality and attractively arranged. They received much favorable comment from all who saw them.
The displays of vegetables have also been, for the most part, excellent, especially those from the Home Gardens. There were two exhibitions of mushrooms of fine quality and excellent arrangement.
Some of the classes in which the best exhibits were made included tomatoes and peppers, both single plates and displays; squashes were also abundant and of good quality. The butter- cup, butternut, demoine, and the table queen types were shown in large numbers, attesting to their popularity as a market squash.
The exhibit of gourds was not as large as in some years but the quality was good and the arrangement excellent. Among the vegetables in which comparatively few exhibits were shown were celery, cauliflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and salsify.
The larger proportion of exhibitors in the vegetable depart-
28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
ment have been the ladies. They should receive well-merited credit for the quality of the vegetables and the very pleasing and attractive arrangement of exhibits.
The children's exhibitions showed considerable improvement over those of the past two or three years. It is hoped that they may continue to improve still more in the coming year and that more children may be induced to enter these exhibits. We shall do our utmost to interest more children each year.
Respectfully submitted,
H. Ward Moore, Judge of Vegetables
December 4, 1947
Report of the Finance Committee
To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The facilities of the Horticultural Building have been greatly augmented through the Society's recent purchase of the Chestnut Street area which has afforded ready access to the building through the rear entrances.
During the year some redecoration of certain apartments in the building has been done while the maintenance cost as a whole has been normal due to the fact that constant attention is given to current needs. A new back-drop curtain depicting a mountain scene, painted by Mr. Alain Joauen of McComb, Powers & Swenson, Incorporated, has received much favorable comment.
The members of your Finance Committee have reviewed the financial status of the Society with the result that it is herein recommended that the sum of Thirteen Thousand Dollars be appropriated at this meeting as a budget to be used in such manner as the Trustees may designate.
Respectfully submitted,
Myron F. Converse Harry Harrison Malcolm C. Midgley
Finance Committee
Worcester, Massachusetts December 4, 1947
Northern Gardens
Mr. Kenneth 0. Ward, Georgetown, Mass. January 2, 1947
The pictures I shall show you this afternoon cover formal and informal gardens throughout northern New England and eastern New York. Wherever you go, you will find different tastes and ideas in plants and flowers, but if certain basic rules are observed, the result is bound to be pleasing.
Trees play an important part in all types of landscaping, from a large estate to a small suburban home. Nurserymen must have foresight in arrangement and realize that trees grow rap- idly. We often see arbor vitae planted three feet apart, which in six or eight years become like a hedge, with the second-floor windows of the house only partially visible!
I want to show you some of the early spring plantings of tulips in the Boston Public Gardens, where they change plant- ings almost overnight. Massed plantings of pansies and tulips are more effective in these large beds than in the average small garden. During some springs they use daisies and forget-me- nots with pansies.
The Arnold Arboretum is the garden of gardens. Here we see extensive plantings of magnolia and also flowering almond, another very beautiful flowering shrub of the genus prunus. The latter flowers heavily and rewards in the degree of care given it. One whole section of the Arboretum, an area of four or five acres, is given over to forsythia, more than four hundred varieties being represented here. Forsythia can be used to good advantage for hedge purposes. It is very showy and may be pruned until August, but not later than that. We also find very large vibur- nium, and a lilac section which is very showy during the early summer.
I want to call your attention to the interesting willow walk and the linden walk at the Moore Estate in Pride's Crossing. These trees were grown to make a walk of privacy from one part of the estate to the other. Some of these lindens are ten feet
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 31
in circumference at the base and must be trimmed several times during the summer season.
The Crowninshield Estate at Marblehead has an unusually lovely pool which is planted three times annually to insure a profusion of color throughout the entire summer season: first, with dianthus; second, pink begonias, fuchsias, and ageratum; third, potted chrysanthemums. Here also is a beautiful mixed rose garden and a terrace with plantings of pink rose floribundi, which is well adapted for hedges along perennial borders. It grows from 18 inches to 2 feet high and blooms profusely. At the 1959 World's Fair, a red floribundi rose was named the "World's Fair." The bud and blossom resemble a hybrid tea rose, but are smaller and hold both color and fragrance. The Mary Wallace is one of the finest climbing roses. It holds its color, salmon pink, without fading from bud stage until the petals drop. The stock can be kept healthy by dusting every ten days with "nicofume" powder and spraying at alternate intervals with a weak solution of Black Leaf 40.
One of the most effective informal gardens I have seen is a fern garden. Upon inquiry, I found that there was almost no expense entailed in its construction. The location must be low and moist, and then it is simply a question of putting in drainage, hauling peat, and getting the ferns. This type of garden is simple to make and easy to take care of, since the shade of the trees discourages weed growth. Laurel, azaleas, rhododendron, and flowering dogwood are excellent in areas of this sort.
Rock gardens are most successful in natural locations, aided perhaps by retaining walls on steep slopes. The use of colored foliage plants adds to the interest during the summer months, when a rock garden tends to be dull and uninteresting.
On the Walker Estate at Manchester-by-the-Sea are several miles of macadam drives lined by beautiful specimens of hybrid rhododendrons. Some are 15 feet in height, twenty to twenty- five years old, and are well worth a trip to observe them.
Throughout New England, there are many historical houses with white fences which furnish an admirable background for mixed plantings. Foxglove, delphinium, and sweet william are very effective when massed and harmonizing varieties chosen.
The grounds of Lake Mohonk, high on a mountain top in the lower Catskills, contain the most extensive amount of horticul-
32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
ture I have ever seen. An area of 7500 acres, ten miles long, is a vast park with extensive plantings of hardy phlox, geraniums, Peruvian daffodil, etc. The latter has a bulb like a mammoth narcissus and is treated like gladioli. The stalks and foliage resemble amaryllis and it has the sweet odor of a lily. The bulbs should be taken up in the fall, dried, and stored in a cool room, ready to be planted in the spring. Almost every bulb can be divided into three sections every year. There are also effective common plantings of calendulas and mixed petunias, sweet william, mammoth beds of geraniums, and a foliage section which gives some idea of what you can do with massed plantings of coleus, Mexican firebush, ornamental grass, and bronze foliage canna. Among the seven or eight thousand geraniums, in the various plantings, is a new variety "Better Times." In the 1945 season there was much rain and most geraniums had no blooms in August, but "Better Times" flowered throughout the month and into September. We also find an effective planting of "butter ball" marigolds, bordered with blue lobelia. Often the amateur gardener buys a packet of seed stating that the plant grows to be one foot tall, and then it grows out of all proportion to the rest of the planting, but the "butter ball" stays down where it belongs and grows to not more than six or seven inches.
Trees are always of especial interest to me. The weeping beech, one of the pendular varieties, is one of the most ornamental trees we have. The Southern flowering magnolia is very in- teresting. Contrary to the common variety, it produces its foliage before the blossoms, the latter resembling and having the fragrance of water lilies. It blossoms for three full months, and after the blooms are gone the foliage, which is very heavy, retains the pleasing odor. It is not susceptible to blight or rust, and has seed pods with red berries in the fall, making it orna- mental throughout the season.
Now I will show you what Nature does when man returns to his own house to hibernate for the winter months. Sumach and maples turn to colorful red and yellow, a background for cover crops of rye coming up ready for winter. Then the evergreens are weighted with snow and the brook through the woods is ice- bound. Many people do not realize what beauty Nature has provided for us, nor what a nice place we have to live in.
Back to Old Virginia
Mr. Philip Noble, Rockport, Mass. January 9, 1947
I want to review briefly how the Williamsburg Restoration Project came about. It was the idea of one man, sponsored by another. In 1925, at a Phi Beta Kappa dinner in New York City, Dr. Goodwin, the late rector of Bruton Parish Church, suggested the idea of restoring the capital of the Old Dominion. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who was in the audience, was much interested, and two years later, he decided to undertake this work. The project is of great educational value not only to living Americans, but, particularly, to future generations.
Let us visit Washington in springtime. The city is always colorful, but especially at that season when azaleas and iris bloom in great profusion. The public buildings are magnificent. You can recognize the Washington Monument rising some 555 feet from the ground, long before you arrive in the city. The Lincoln Memorial, the last public building you see as you are leaving Washington and crossing the Arlington Memorial Bridge, has thirty-six fluted columns representing the number of states in the Union at the time of Lincoln's death. The Pan American Building, a symbol of peace and economic cooperation among the republics of North, South, and Central America, strikes a constructive note in a recovering, war-torn world.
Now, we cross the Arlington Memorial Bridge, come to Fredericksburg, and visit the Virginia home of Mary, mother of Washington, a simple, white frame house. Then, at Wake- field, we discover the house where Washington was born, and where he lived until he was three years of age. It is a complete reconstruction built from the ground up, not a restoration. As we travel through Virginia, there is an atmosphere of gracious- ness which permeates the whole countryside, and, at Wakefield, we find this mood amid the beautiful gardens of tender green boxwood and luxuriant honeysuckle.
Stratford, the home for many years of the Virginia Lees, and
34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
where Robert E. Lee, the distinguished Confederate soldier, spent about nine years of his boyhood, is a baronial manor in the Georgian style. The basic plan of the house is in the form of an H, typical of English houses of that period, and the brick- work is in Flemish Bond. The balustraded entrances are unusual in Colonial Virginia, though there are many of this type in England. Noteworthy and architecturally interesting are the quadruple chimneys. There is nothing quite like this building in all the South. The estate is now under the control of the Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation, formed in 1929. In 1932, this organization purchased the buildings and grounds, and under the Foundation's guidance, they are being restored as a national shrine.
An overwhelming amount of research was undertaken by the architectural firm of Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn, of Boston, and Arthur A. Shurcliff, landscape architect, also of Boston, in the rebuilding of Williamsburg. A most unusual copper plate found in the Bodleian Library, in Oxford, England, showing the struc- ture of the Williamsburg public buildings, forms the background of much of the restoration. In connection with the Governor's Palace, a typewritten book of 300 pages represents the research of many people attempting to find out exactly how the palace looked before it was destroyed by fire during the Revolution at a time when it was being used as a hospital for wounded Ameri- can soldiers. The ever methodical Thomas Jefferson made a plan of the palace, and the inventories of the various governors revealed some details. Amazing as it may seem, clues were followed from the archives of the Massachusetts Society to the Huntington Library, in San Marino, California, in gathering data for this project. So closely did the authorities follow out the detail disclosed by the research that the palace gardens are planted out with trees, shrubs, and plants which were used during the eighteenth century. Hybrids of some varieties are used, but none of the modern plants more recently developed. What the research actually disclosed was the fact that here in Virginia from 1699, when the capital was moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg, to the days of the Revolution was a bit of Geor- gian England in the very heart of the American colonies.
The Duke of Gloucester Street, Williamsburg's main thorough-
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
35
fare, is ninety-nine feet wide, exactly as it was during the eight- eenth century. It is lined with charming Georgian shops, meeting the business needs of a thriving and prosperous community. Thousands of tourists visit Williamsburg every season.
As you move from the business district into the residential section, you will find that the homes are not as pretentious as those in other southern cities, for the wealthy planters built their mansions along the York and James rivers, maintaining smaller houses or quarters at an Inn to meet their needs during the season, and when the General Courts and House of Bur-
A View in Williamsburg
36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
gesses were in session. Many came up to Williamsburg for the same reasons that fashionable people came up to London: for the theatrical season, the balls, the cock fighting, and the enter- tainments characteristic of that period.
No doubt the most important building in Williamsburg is the Capitol, for here was the seat of colonial government, and here during that period that led to the Revolution were forged, by such personalities as Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, James Mon- roe, and other founders of this great and ever expanding country, many of the liberties which we cherish today. Let it be said that the reconstruction of the Capitol is one of the finest architectural achievements of our time.
Founded in 1764, the present edifice built between 1710 and 1715, Bruton Parish Church, is the oldest Episcopal Church of uninterrupted use in America. It was restored through the energy of a former rector, the late Dr. Goodwin, between 1905- 07. It is a fine Georgian structure, with associations rich in early American traditions.
The Wythe House is the largest of the Georgian mansions in Williamsburg. George Wythe was the first professor of law at the college of William and Mary, and taught such famous men as Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John Marshall, and Ben- jamin Harrison, and, for this reason, had an important influence on early colonial life.
At the college of William and Mary, the Wren Building is attributed to be the oldest academic building in America. There seems to be a prevalent conclusion that this building was de- signed by Wren. There is no definite proof of this fact, though it is architecturally in the Wren style, modified to meet the climatic conditions found in Virginia. Of more interest, per- haps, from an architectural aspect, is the President's House. No building could have finer symmetry or greater gracefulness. Curiously enough, this well-known architectural gem was re- stored through the privy purse of Louis XVI, for it was badly burned during the last days of the American Revolution when used as a hospital for French soldiers.
Yorktown is an important center of colonial history. The Nelson House, a fine example of the Georgian style in a brick- walled garden, was the headquarters of Lord Cornwallis during
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 37
An Old Virginia Home
the Revolution. It still has the cannon balls fired during the siege of Yorktown embedded in its walls. A short distance away is the Moore House, where the representatives of Lord Cornwallis and George Washington met on October 18, 1781, to arrange the terms of the British capitulation. Yorktown is a quiet place, but its historical value viewed in the light of its past means much to living and future generations of Americans.
At Jamestown, settled in 1607 and capital of the colony until 1699, we find ourselves in Memorial Park, viewing the monu- ments erected in honor of those colorful personalities, Captain John Smith and Pocahontas. Near by is the shrine where the first communion service was celebrated by the Church of Eng- land, in America. In the park is the ruin of Jamestown Church, picturesque with its ivy-clad tower.
Along the James River, we visit the plantations of Berkeley and Westover, the former being connected many years with the Harrison family, of which William Henry Harrison was the ninth President of the United States. The famous Byrd family was associated with Westover, said by many to be the finest Georgian architecture in the United States.
38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
In 1752, Thomas Jefferson brought his bride to Monticello, bringing her there on horseback through the rigors of a blizzard. He returned on and off for some fifty years for rest and relaxation from his arduous duties both in the federal and state govern- ments. He himself designed the buildings and grounds, and though influenced by the Italian architect, Palladio, the sur- roundings show Jefferson's ability as an architect. Actually, the French implied that Jefferson was the first American to consult the fine arts in order to shelter himself from the weather. Jeffer- son also designed Ashlawn, the home of his great friend, James Monroe. It is not as large as Monticello, though a lovely spot with world-famous boxwood gardens. Jefferson was also re- sponsible for the architecture of the University of Virginia, at Charlottesville, with its fine colonial buildings and spacious grounds. On every hand the inherent genius of Jefferson is evident throughout. Not only a master in dealing with affairs of state, he was also an artist and a man of fine taste.
In 1752, George Washington's half brother, Lawrence Wash- ington, died, and after various legal proceedings, the beautiful estate of Mount Vernon came into Washington's possession. Here he brought his bride in 1759, and man and wife lived as southern planters until the ordeal of the Revolution drew Wash- ington into the service of his country. This lovely plantation on the banks of the Potomac River is named after a British admiral, Admiral Vernon, under whom Lawrence served in the Caribbean. At Mount Vernon is preserved the gracious and friendly feeling of the great American tradition, for this spot is permeated with the spirit of Washington and all that he means to living Americans.
Virginia is one of the most interesting sections of these United States, full of beauty, and challenging with its historical back- ground, a state that all Americans should visit and enjoy.
Pennsylvania's Beautiful Gardens
Miss Anne B. Wertsner, Philadelphia, Pa. January 16, 1947
We residents of Pennsylvania are singularly favored in having an ideally located state. While motoring over our 30,000 miles of good highways, one can enjoy the cool breezes of high eleva- tions, picturesque valleys, quiet forests, the restfulness of farm communities and lovely gardens. We have one of the largest stands of virgin timber in this country in Cook Forest, and one of the most prosperous farming communities in the country in Lancaster County. We are on the border line horticulturally : plants hardy in the north grow just as far south as Philadelphia and plants hardy in the south grow just that far north. Thus we have a great wealth of plant material.
We have the first botanical garden in the country, founded in 1730 by John Bartram. This garden was restored about twenty years ago by the John Bartram Association, and they have tried to use the same plants that were used in the original garden.
We have many arboretums, the John J. Tyler Arboretum having recently been opened to the public. Jacob and Minshall Painter were at the height of their careers about one hundred years after Bartram, and of course had many more species of trees and shrubs than he. Here we have extensive plantings and many fine specimens. Among them, the largest redwood tree (Sequoia dendron gigantia) in the East, also a Yew 45 feet in diameter. There are two Cypress trees having great develop- ment of knees, and a tree peony about fifty years of age still producing close to fifty blooms each season.
Another early arboretum is the Pierce Arboretum, founded about 1800. Pierre duPont acquired this property in 1915 and has converted it into America's greatest show gardens. There are fifty greenhouses, a whole house being devoted to azaleas, another to rare orchids, etc. There are small formal gardens, pools and beautiful walks, terminated by fountains.
40 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
View Through Garden of J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa.
Probably the most historic place in America is Valley Forge, where George Washington and his Continental Army suffered through the hard winter of 1777-78. Here there are 350 acres of dogwood, many miles of display, unequalled anywhere in the world. If you can have only one dogwood tree in your garden, it is a joy throughout the year, with its beautiful form and foliage continuing after the blooms are past and the orna- mental red fruits add color in the fall.
The School of Horticulture at Ambler is patterned after the English garden schools.
Bowman's Hill, a state wild flower preserve located near New Hope contains one hundred acres of land, with two miles of wild flower trails, all plainly marked. The early part of May, when the trillium, dog-tooth, and bird's-foot violets, and anem- ones are in bloom, is the most interesting time to visit this preserve, though a trip at any season is well worth while.
Pennsbury was the original home of William Penn in this country. The Penn family lived there from 1700 to 1701 and the estate was demolished during the Revolution. In 1932 the original site was given to the state, and in 1938 the Penn His- torical Society restored the house. In 1942 the gardens were
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 41
restored, with the peonies, columbine, iris, and roses of the original garden beautifully maintained. This authentic restora- tion was possible because Penn wrote long letters describing the manor house, garden, and plants in this eight-thousand acre estate.
The Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation at Swarth- more College was the gift of Mrs. Scott and includes the plantings of the campus of the college. Here we find the finest collection of tree peonies in the country. They are shrubs growing to the height of four to five feet, blooming in all colors, red, yellow, maroon, and white. There are also outstanding collections of azaleas and rhododendrons, flowering apples and cherries, narcis- sus, lilacs, and chrysanthemums as well as other ornamental fruited shrubs and evergreens.
Fairmont, the largest park in the world in the center of a city, is located along both sides of the Schuylkill River. In this park the beautiful Glendinning rock garden is located. It was for- merly a vast waste area, but is now bright with azaleas and rock plants from all over this country.
Twenty-three miles west of Philadelphia is the home of Mr. and Airs. Robert Colly, built on a natural limestone quarry. The residence was built in 1710 and the old mill on the estate
A Pennsylvania Garden
42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
is still in operation. The walls and foundation of the old barn enclose an interesting garden, and there are many unusual rock plants in the quarry garden.
People generally visit gardens at the height of their bloom, rather than throughout the year, but they often present pleasing pictures in all seasons. Let me say right here that I think it is a test of the gardener's skill to have a lovely fall garden. There
Scene in a Pennsylvania Garden
is comparatively little effort in having a successful spring garden, but a successful fall garden means a continual struggle with moisture and plant pests.
Pennsylvania State College is located almost in the exact geographical center of the state. They have lovely lilacs there and interesting experimental gardens of annuals and roses. It is also one of the test gardens for all America trials. Dr. J. Hor- ace McFarland who has done much to popularize the rose also has one of the thirteen test gardens in the United States. He has eighty varieties of hyacinths, many tulips and rock plants, azaleas, and all kinds of roses, hybrid teas, ramblers, etc.
The Harrisburg Rose Garden is dedicated to Dr. McFarland and is one of the state's treasures. It is small, but well kept and plainly labelled.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 43
Coming back to Hershey, we find the tremendous Hershey Rose Gardens, containing literally thousands of plants, and attracting hordes of visitors in early June. In my opinion, it is not as good as the Harrisburg garden, since it is so vast that it loses the charm of a small garden.
In the northeastern part of the state, in the Pocono Moun- tains, Richard Harlow, coach of the Harvard football team, has a rock garden containing garden gems from all over the world. He has fine dwarf rhododendrons, a large collection of ferns and over thirty varieties of gentians.
The ajuga is a very satisfactory ground cover plant, growing well in the shade, and having bronze leaves and blue flowers. I must emphasize the intrinsic value of green, which is necessary in any pleasing garden vista. Green and blue are the two colors we can look at longest without tiring, and they must form an important part of every garden. In a simple design, we can see and appreciate the real beauty better. Well-chosen colors can cover up a poor design, but poor color can spoil a lovely design. Variety of form and texture is also important. Whether or not we are conscious of design and form, we must have contrast in color and texture to relieve monotony. Repetition, however, does not necessarily mean monotony if it is well handled. An- nuals give us a great variety of color, form, and fragrance, and quickly fill up gaps, the green foliage remaining after the early blooms.
I rather like the small backyard garden, which is often just as effective as the larger ones. A simple planting of rhodo- dendrons, primroses, and bleeding hearts is possible almost anywhere, and is very pleasing in effect. A diversity of foliage is very effective, as with the use of leather-leaved saxifrage, ajuga, and veronica. It is nice to have a spot to sit down and enjoy one's garden, so I recommend a comfortable seat, well placed, where you can view the result of your handiwork.
The late Gertrude Jekyll said that it is more to one's credit horticulturally to achieve distinction with common plant mate- rial than to accomplish the same ends with the use of rare plants. Thus, a planting of blue sage, coxcomb, petunias, and sweet alyssum well planned and arranged, can be distinctive and pleasing to the eye.
44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
A planting of carefully selected good varieties of chrysan- themums can also be distinctive; pale moon in contrast to caliph or burgundy.
I will show you two gardens for contrast. That of Dr. and Mrs. George Woodward contains evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs for the background, with early plantings of tulips, pansies, and violas. Then the dogwood and later come the biennials such as foxglove, sweet william, and snapdragons fol- lowed with gladiolus, zinnias, and chrysanthemums.
The garden of Mr. Thomas Sears, in contrast to the above, is planted against a background of only deciduous trees and shrubs. In May come the violas, dogwoods, flowering cherries, tulips, iris, and peonies. In June, peonies, veronicas, and colum- bine. When the bulbs are past, annuals are planted. At the end of September all the annuals are removed and well-grown bushy chrysanthemums grown in the cutting garden are moved in for the late bloom. Even in November the garden is still beautiful and the colors match the foliage of the maples, oaks, etc., in the background.
In the fall we can motor over any part of the state and see gorgeous colors. In the maple sugar producing section in the Poconos, the bright hues of the maples and beech contrast with the hemlocks and rhododendrons.
Let us remember that all plants are beautiful but the success of their beauty depends on us and our arrangement of them.
By motoring over the surrounding country we can see the achievements of other horticulturists, and then come home and attempt to improve our own plantings.
Garden Lilies
Mr. George L. Slate, Geneva, N. Y. January 23, 1947
The lily is a beautiful but exasperating plant with which to work. It has great beauty, unlimited range of form, a long blooming season, and possesses hardiness. I am sure you have encountered exasperating difficulties if you have ever attempted to grow them. However, I think the difficulty is chiefly patho- logical and not attributable to climate or soil. Diseases are not a particularly pleasant subject to discuss: it is much more pleasant to read the ballyhoo of the nursery catalog. But if you would succeed in growing lilies, you must first know of the difficulties. Some of the difficulties I have encountered in my own garden are: shrivelled bulbs; misnamed bulbs; mice, rab- bit, and deer damage; winter injury. (The latter is relatively rare, for the bulbs are much hardier than generally supposed, and the damage is more often due to basal rot.)
Lilies can be grown under a wide range of conditions from 11° N. latitude, in India, to 68° N. latitude in southern Siberia. Thus, the individual season varies greatly, and it is not surpris- ing that it is difficult to grow representatives of all these species within the confines of a single garden. We have the different varieties of the Martagon from the Old World; the candidum from the Mediterranean region; the croceum or orange lily from Central Europe; and from China and Japan, the headquarters of the lily family, numerous fine species. In our own country, we have the meadow lily in New England, superbum of the costal plain, the wood lily extending westward to the Rockies, and columbianum from British Columbia to California.
As to site, the gardener generally has not much choice; he must use whatever space is available. He should choose, if possible, an open, airy situation to guard against frost pockets and fungus diseases. Also, full shade is tolerated by only a few lilies, notably the Martagons and Hansonii and partial or shifting shade is desirable for most. All grow well in the sun if the
46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
Lily — -Concolar Pulchellum
ground is shaded with mulch or by ground cover plants. Many bulb dealers, especially in years past, have greatly overrated the influence of soil on the growing of lilies. I sometime think they emphasize the soil because they wish to detract attention from the quality of the bulbs they send to customers. Any good garden soil which will grow good corn, potatoes, vegetables, annuals, and perennials is suitable for lilies. Heavy, or coarse, gravelly soil is not suitable. You can modify soil low in organic matter by spading in peat moss, a green manure crop, or a well- rotted manure. Acidity is not too important, I think. If the soil is rather on the alkaline side, it may cause bleaching of the foliage, but you can spade in peat moss to make the soil more acid. The organic matter content is rather important, as with any plant. It has certain definite functions in soil, it loosens and areates the soil, making conditions favorable for root growth, resists drought, and protects plants against an overdose of fertilizer. Leaf mold is a good source of organic matter, but fresh stable manure is definitely harmful because it rots the bulbs. Mineral fertilizers are best, though it was originally
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 47
thought they were poisonous to the bulbs. It was discovered recently at the experiment station at Beltsville, Maryland, that organic nitrogen stimulates the fungus causing basal rot. In purchasing bulbs, a lavish expenditure of money is no guarantee of success. It is better to exercise conservative judgment and make a preliminary study of lilies. Then you can develop your garden gradually, as your knowledge develops. I would also strongly advise you to buy from a specialist, not from a general nurseryman.
Next comes the soil preparation. This should be the same as for any other garden plant — the soil worked into mellow con- dition and organic matter added. It is best to dig up the whole space, lay it out according to your taste, and then plant the bulbs. They need not be surrounded by sand, as is so often recom- mended.
The bulbs should be planted in the fall to give time for root growth during the winter. The depth depends somewhat on the soil, but a good rule to follow is: Madonna lilies 2 inches deep, all others 6 inches deep. Directions may call for planting 4, 6, or 8, etc., but 6 inches is all right for all. The ground should be mulched for winter, especially the first one. I prefer wheat, oat, or rye straw, though peat moss may be put on when the ground freezes and removed in early spring.
Summer care consists of eliminating weed competition, and mulching with peat moss, leaf mold, or lawn clippings. This mulching conserves moisture and makes for cooler air tempera- ture.
In fertilizing lilies, a 5—10—5 fertilizer, high in phosphorus and low in nitrogen, is good for lilies. One pound to 100 square feet is a good, average application, though if the plants are not too vigorous they may need more nitrogen. However, use mineral sources of nitrogen and avoid organic materials and manure.
We must give some time to the study of diseases of lilies. Mosaic is the most important. It is one of the virus diseases from which a plant never recovers. It does not live in the soil, so by removing the plant you remove the disease. The symp- toms vary. In some cases they are distinct enough for anyone to see; in others, not. The melon aphis feeds on the diseased plant and inoculates healthy ones. There are two means of
48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
controlling mosaic: (1) raise plants from seed and have no other lilies, (2) purchase virus-free bulbs.
Botrytis is a fungus disease not too difficult to control. The Madonna and Nanking lilies are especially susceptible to Botry- tis. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is a satisfactory way of controlling this disease. Start before the temperature is above 60 and spray every ten days to two weeks. In cool, dry weather it is not necessary to spray much, but in hot, moist weather the plants must be sprayed more often. The disease does not live over on the bulb, so it may be all right the next season.
Basal rot is the worst of all lily diseases for you are often unaware of trouble until the plant is gone. If discovered in time, the bulb may be dug up, the disease tissue cut away, and the remainder dipped in a formaldehyde solution of one part formaldehyde to fifty parts of water, for thirty minutes. Arasan and spergon are two new fungicides with which the bulbs may be dusted. It is not safe to replant with susceptible species where lilies have died out from the basal rot disease.
As to the use of lilies in the garden, they are more effective in groups of six to twelve than used singly. Lilies are more effective when used in front of evergreens, with ferns, delphinium,
Lily
Mrs. R. 0. Backhouse
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 49
or climbing roses. Madonna and Nanking lilies are very effective grown along a garden path (but as the pollen stains are very difficult to remove from clothing, be sure there is plenty of walk- ing space).
If grown with ground plants, be sure the cover plants are not too strong and vigorous, or they will sap the vitality of the lily.
(From this point Mr. Slate used colored slides to illustrate the lilies described. Since few lilies have common names, the botanical names must be used.)
The superbum lily is a native of the eastern United States and grows to the height of six to eight feet. It is a good, reliable lily and should be grown in soil high in organic matter.
The paradalinum or Sunset lily, is a west coast lily which does well in the East and increases rapidly.
The Bellingham hybrids are the best of the west coast lilies and are sold as seedling strains, as delphinium.
The Madonna lily, a native of Europe, is the most beautiful of all with its pure white glistening petals and yellow stamens. It is grown from seeds on the west coast.
Testaceum is a cross between L. chalcedonicum and the Madonna lily, and has been in existence for a hundred years.
L. formosanum is the Formosan variety of the Philippine lily. It is grown rapidly from seed, is reasonable in price, and easy to obtain. Henryi is a tough, orange and yellow lily which is not much trouble to grow and does well in heavy loam soil. It requires staking as the stem is weak. The Havemeyer grows to a height of seven feet with a cream-colored flower. It per- forms well, but must be staked.
The Maxwill lily from Manitoba, Canada, is bold and striking in color and very easy to grow.
The tiger lily is a tough, easy to grow plant. The Coral lily is easy and reliable, blooming in June. L. amabile is a native of Korea, orange in color, but as easy to grow7 as L. tenuifolium. The yellow variety is very beautiful.
The most gorgeous and beautiful of all is the gold banded or Auratum lily. It is a native of Japan and in the past soon died in United States gardens. Virus-free seedlings now on the market are more satisfactory.
The white Martagon is susceptible to basal rot but not to
50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
mosaic, and is in my opinion, one of the ten most beautiful lilies. Another type of Martagon is wine red and grows to a height of four to six feet.
I have found that nurserymen multiply the names when making up their catalogs, so that several lilies from the same planting may be classified under different names. I have made up a list of lilies for the beginner, and if you purchase one or two of these as a starter and branch out into other varieties as you become more experienced, you will not have too much difficulty in growing lilies successfully.
Selection for Beginner
tenuifolium
concolor
Hansonni
amabile
croceum
canadense
resale
pardalinum giganteum
Maxwill
superbum
Henrvi
speciosum
tormosanum
Other Good Lilies
dauncum
Martagon album
candidum
Brenda Watts
Edna Kean
Mrs. R. O. Backhouse
testaceum
Brownii
Willmottiae
cernum
tigrinum
auratum
Havemever
A list of lilies and the diseases to which they are subject was passed out to the audience.
Wild Flowers and Flowering Shrubs
Mrs. Charles F. Berry, Longmeadow, Mass. January 30, 1947
In January and February, we who are interested in horti- culture can relax, study and dream about our spring garden. Nature is doing the same thing — resting and getting ready for her spring renascence.
The purpose of flower arrangements is to bring beauty and cheer into the home. We are most of us busy people who need to relax during the evening hours, and a flower arrangement in the home not only brings relaxation, but gives us an opportunity to look into the heart of a flower and study it to better advantage. It is not necessary to have a garden of one's own, for anyone can go out into God's garden and help himself to beauty.
In our yard we have eight tall spruce trees, and underneath these spruces is a perfect home for wild flowers. There is wild honeysuckle, with its wonderful fragrance, and underneath the honeysuckle, yellow lady's slipper and Christmas fern. The yellow lady's slipper increases more rapidly than the pink, and may be divided. I already have six clumps divided from my original planting.
In my wild flower garden, I have many common violets which grow very large from applications of bone meal. The meal is also beneficial to trillium and bloodroot. Moccasin-flowers and jack-m-the-pulpits make a welcome addition to any wild flower garden and may be transplanted successfully by taking up the whole root, surrounded by plenty of earth, and adding peat moss. An application of bone meal and tankage in the fall is beneficial.
Some people possess a "seeing eye" for the beauty of bloom- ing trees: to others, they are "just trees." The red blossom of the pine and the lovely blooms of the Norway maple can be kept in the house for a week or ten days. The former can be used to very good advantage with jack-in-the-pulpits, and the latter with daffodils. Flowering dogwood is always effective and was particularly lovely last year. The branches are rather
52 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
S
A Wild Flower Arrangement
heavy, so this flower should be used naturally and simply in any arrangement. It is best to use some buds, some half opened and some fully opened blooms, and preferably no leaves. Wild crab apples are lovely in arrangements and make an especially good luncheon centerpiece. The mountain ash is perfectly gorgeous when covered with its clusters of orange-red berries, and attracts large numbers of blue jays and cedar wax wings.
Nature paints lovely pictures for us with the blue sky as a background. In the same way, a complementary background used with flower arrangements in the home dramatizes the flower color. The arrangement should be placed against a cur- tain or lovely wallpaper, not in the window, to be most effective. Also small accessories, repeating the colors, complete the picture and fuse it into a unit. Leaves are most important in any flower arrangement, and one should always have plants like begonias on hand for this purpose. The leaves of the copper beech tree are effective also. The container is always important and most
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 53
unusual articles may be used to good advantage. For instance, if you want a really cute "lazy daisy" for a centerpiece, take the bottles out of an old caster and replace with jigger glasses, equipped with wire or needle point holders. The caster handle gives the arrangement a fine height and is very effective. A champagne glass, inverted makes a good holder for certain types of arrangements, and old-fashioned candelabra make exceptionally fine holders, using the candle holes for small flowers or Christmas green and berry combinations.
Many people are asking whether the extremely warm weather of last fall has harmed the forsythia. I would say that probably it is unharmed, for nature has a way of looking after those things, but about the only thing we can do is to wait and see. Forced forsythia is one of the very first blooms we can use in spring arrangements. What can be lovelier than pussy willows and forced forsythia in a yellow bowl?
Rhododendrons really like the sun and bloom better in full
A Vase of Flower Arrangement
54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
or partial sunlight. Because they do fairly well in the shade, we often think of them as preferring it and persist in planting them on a northern exposure. But they really bloom best in some sun.
What would we do without lilacs? They are beautiful indoors and out and are very effective used with tulips. You will find that lilacs will last twice as long in the house if they are stripped of their leaves. In fact, it is not at all unusual for them to last a week or ten days without leaves, and you will notice that is the way your florist sells them. In using tulips for the focal point in an arrangement, always open them by stroking gently. And in planting tulips, put some in entire shade, some in semi-shade, and some in the sun to extend the blooming period.
The morning glory is a beautiful flower, and if picked early and put into a dark closet, it will last until three o'clock in the afternoon. The Brazilian morning glory is very satisfactory, for it not only has lovely purple seed pods and beautiful curves and tendrils, but is resistant to Japanese beetles, which is a boon to the enthusiastic gardener.
Roses used with shrubs, such as the ninebark or spirea, Anthony Waterer are effective. The old familiar climbing American Beauty is always lovely and very fragrant. The Chinese shrub rose is beautiful, but should be picked in the bud stage, as it passes very quickly with wind and rain. When making an arrangement of roses on a hot June day, put ice cubes in the water to prevent wilt.
Wild tansy from the meadows, the same tansy from which our grandmothers made their "tansy tea," can be used most effectively in the home, and a Christmas arrangement of dried blooms, with the centers touched with gold, is striking. The lobelia cardinals, or cardinal flower, is a wild flower blooming in August and September which begins to blossom at the bottom and goes to the top of the stalk. Hence it lasts a long while. Seed pods from wild flowers are also very effective in arrange- ments, some of the best being dock, wild carrot, pipsissewa, and false solomon seal. In the fall, the golden rod, of which we have eighty to one hundred varieties in the United States, covers the countryside. It is a delight to the eye, but not always so delight- ful to the noses of hay fever sufferers.
Every spring, after Easter and Mother's Day, I purchase
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 55
potted geraniums and put them right in the ground in my perennial garden. The blossoms can be used in so many com- binations and are gorgeous for head table arrangements. In my flower beds along with my plants, I raise my vegetables. The upland cress and oak leaf lettuce are very decorative, as well as edible. A border of strawberries and clumps of culti- vated blueberries add a note of color.
My specialty is miniature dahlias. I have over five hundred plants, with ten different types of miniatures, from which I have made my own crosses. One of my own hybrids, of which I am very proud, has been awarded a certificate of honor, and another, which I call "peppermint candy" is a stunning red and white combination which looks exactly as the name implies.
Personally, I do not raise zinnias to any great extent, for they not only take up a good deal of room, but they seem to attract Japanese beetles and aphis. These pests can be controlled to some extent by planting in tobacco dust or by spraying DDT on the leaves.
In the fall when most plants have past their blossoming sea- son, we can still have striking arrangements. The cut leaf elder is a lovely shrub, fragrant when in blossom, and having pretty purple berries afterwards. The viburnum opulus, or high bush cranberry, may be combined with pine and baby pine: pine and stag horn sumach (be sure to pick the sumach with gloves on) are a good combination: and black alder, pine, and flowers made from cones are very effective.
(Mrs. Berry illustrated her lecture with beautiful colored slides of her garden and her own flower arrangements. She said she used an Argus C-2 camera, with no light meter, and an Eastman 35 mm. daylight film.)
Tropic Floral Wonderland
Mr. James Pond February 6, 1947
All the floral wonders of the tropic world are found in Florida. But you will be surprised to learn that very few are native to that state. Almost everything, even the coconut palm, was brought in and Florida proved so hospitable that all tropical plants and trees do well there.
The best way to see Florida is to drift down the coast leisurely by steamer, with Miami as your objective. Miami itself is a great metropolitan city on the mainland. Miami Beach is reached via a Venetian causeway, built from one man-made island to another. It is a fantastic place of polyglot architecture and is a great shopping center, with branches of all the famous stores in the United States assembled along its boulevards.
One of the first flowers we notice in Florida is the poinsettia. In the North we think of it as a single flower blooming in a pot of mud. But in Florida it grows in great masses, covered not only with the red blossoms which we associate with Christmas, but with white, which are equally effective. We also find the traveller's palm, originally from Madagascar, which contains water in its branches. There are hibiscus in all shades of red and salmon, and also the very handsome double yellow variety. The banana tree, which we think of as bearing only the fruit, has a very handsome blossom. A red spike on top of a rubber tree looks like a blossom, but is actually a new leaf. The screw pine, with its sturdy branches striped like a zebra, has a fruit with a center full of orange segments. Beautiful oleanders in white, yellow, and other tones, abound.
Going north and inland to Sebring, where it is higher and colder, we find azaleas in great quantities. The soil around Miami is not adapted to their growth, but they grow in profusion everywhere in the center of the state. The bougainvillea, which grows so profusely it seems almost a weed, is constantly in
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 57
bloom. The cocus plumosa is a hardy species of the palm family. Its berries are orange when ripe, and its plumes flow down like golden wheat pouring out of a granary. Bees swarm to it. Florida is most famous for her palms. They are not natives of the state, but were brought by the waves and grew and thrived there. The flame vine is everywhere in the spring. It has a reddish-orange blossom similar to our honeysuckle.
Central Florida is the citrus country. There are two orange crops each year, one ripening in November, and one soon after the new year. The former is not as good as the latter, so it is generally retained for home consumption. It seems paradoxical, but, as is common in tropical regions, orange trees bear fruit and flowers at the same time.
In the highest part of Florida, at Lake Wales, is the Bok Sing- ing Tower, built by Edward Bok, editor of the Ladles' Home Journal. It is surrounded by a park of tropical flowers and trees. Here we have the acacia, called mimosa in some parts of the world, with golden, fluffy balls contrasting with the deep blue of the sky; also loquats with their unusual and delicious fruit.
Mount Dora, in the heart of the lake region, is like a bit of New England moved to Florida. It has retained the New Eng- land atmosphere in all but vegetation. The residents are espe- cially proud of their gorgeous amaryllis. Here we also find the durancia, with its yellow berries, lavendar flowers and black seeds, all growing at the same time.
As we take a boat ride on the Mount Dora Canal, we see Florida as it was a hundred years ago. Then it was not a land of palaces, beaches, and bathing beauties, but a land of cypress swamps, Spanish moss, and alligators. One feels carried back to another century. We go through a canal and come out at Lake Eustis. There is a great deal of fishing rivalry between Lake Dora and Lake Eustis, but as no one ever catches much in either place, neither has any real advantage over the other.
At Winter Park we find Rollins College and the Mead Botan- ical Gardens, famous for their orchids. Their orchids include the common orchid, spider orchid, and a series of rare plants like the monkey orchid, which was brought from India with much difficulty. Here, instead of a Hall of Fame, we find a Walk of Fame made from stones brought from shrines all over the world.
58 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
We notice air plants, common to the Everglades, which live on trees with no soil for their roots.
Daytona Beach is a city of two parts. The old town on the mainland has only one side to its main business street, like Princess Street in Edinburgh, the other side being lined with flowers. The beach itself is the most famous in the world — one hundred miles of sand hard enough to drive a car or ride horse- back. A favorite sport here is sailing on wheels, by means of a sort of sailboat mounted on wheels.
By taking U. S. Highway No. 1 out of Miami, we can go south to Key West. This highway begins in Maine and runs south through miles of historic country all the way to Key West. The Key Jungle Garden is a wonderful spot with its natural terrain unspoiled. Nature has been added to by the importa- tion of plants which seem to love Florida, take root, and stay there. Spanish moss hangs from live oaks. The cherokee weed forms a crimson highway over which to roam, and we are smoth- ered in pink oleander blossoms.
The McKee gardens are a paradise. We find here the pelican plant, a giant fly catcher originally from the region of the Am- azon. The blossom is like velvet and possesses innumerable passageways where the insects can get in but are unable to find their way out, and perish. The shell lily is an uncommon flower, almost artificial in appearance. It is a member of the ginger family and is named from its resemblance to a sea shell. When open, the blossoms are not unlike a jack-in-the-pulpit. Yucca from the deserts of the Southwest and Cape honeysuckle from South Africa are very decorative. Beautiful gardenias grow in pots, seldom in the open soil. Most unusual of all is the passion flower. Bible experts will tell you that every part of this flower is in the correct number corresponding to the numbers in the crucifixion — twelve petals for the twelve apostles, etc. There are almond trees with their lovely red leaves, the red coming first and later turning green.
The Indian River is really an arm of the sea coming in, rising and falling with the tide, with surf pounding on windy days. The sea grapes which grow plentifully along the shore are real grapes and make very good jelly, though they do not grow on an ordinary grape vine. As with our wild grapes of New Eng-
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 59
land, the leaves become brown and tattered when the grapes are ripe.
Florida was once the pineapple capital of the world, but is no longer. However, some are still grown there.
The paw paw tree is very beautiful, grows rapidly, and bears fruit in one year. The mango tree in bloom is a beautiful sight; even the leaves are attractive. Drs. Gifford and Fairchild, eminent horticulturists, originally brought the tree from the Philippines. The fruit was stringy and poor in flavor then, but by the process of crossbreeding a delicious fruit has been de- veloped.
Nassau is a quaint place, entirely British, equipped with three forts originally built to protect the island from the Americans. It is warmer than Miami in winter. The market place, where baskets, fruit, fish, firewood, live animals, and shell flower jewelry are for sale, is interesting. In Nassau we find the legal offices of innumerable United States firms, established there to dodge our income taxes. Here also is the Hotel Lucerne, hideout of the blockade runners in the Civil War, and rum runners during prohibition. The bamboo palm thrives here. It has beautiful orange plumes when ripe; in fact, all palm trees have something of that sort. The capoc tree also grows here. It has fluffy bolls from which pillows and mattresses are made. It is called the "silk cotton tree" in the South. The royal poinciana is a flam- boyant tree and grows in the Philippines and South America (where it is called the flame tree) as well as Nassau. It blossoms only in summer, so most visitors do not see it. However, it is worth a trip in June or July just to see it in blossom. It lasts a long time and is a mass of glory with its brilliant gold, orange, and red coloring against the blue of the tropic sky.
Creating Flower Pictures
A Demonstration and Lecture Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick, Worcester, Mass. February 13, 1947
Flower arrangement is not new as so many seem to think. It is our method of handling the flowers that is new.
Its real origin is lost in antiquity, but we are told the Chinese started it. They were followed by the Japanese, who made an intensive study of it and became artists in so-called "line arrange- ments, " with schools for flower arrangement dating from the sixth century. In Western Art, we have records of flowers being used in decoration from about the fifteenth century, beginning with the floral designs of the Italian Renaissance, with its mas- sive arrangements of fruits and flowers. The Flemish period contributed not only lovely color studies in flower groupings, but added birds, birds' nests, butterflies, insects, and various other things to their flower pictures. The Georgian period, a very elegant one, produced arrangements similar to our Colonial, the slight difference being in the containers used, and was fol- lowed by the Empire and Victorian.
In America, we have three distinct periods of flower arrange- ment— the Early American, Colonial, and Contemporary Mod- ern. In Early American there was naturally not so wide a selection of flowers and containers, so very simple arrangements were made with whatever material was at hand. The Colonial period was more formal, being influenced by both the Georgian and the French Empire. Some of what we learned from each of these various periods is incorporated in our Contemporary Mod- ern. They are like nothing that has gone before. We have done what we so frequently do, taken the best from each and developed a style that is distinctly American. Generally speaking it is a combination of mass and line, stressing design. We called this talk "Flower Pictures" because that is what a modern flower arrangement is supposed to be — a good flower picture.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 61
Lily Arrangement Calla Lilies
Design is the basis for today's arrangements, and a knowledge of the art principles that govern it is necessary if we are to do good work. These principles may be learned from any good book on the subject. It is best to guard against thinking of flower arrangements as something to be done according to rule, however. We should strive to create a flower picture, using the flowers as an artist does his pigments. Learn the basic principles of design, such as focus, balance, proportion, unity, harmony, etc., but store them in the back of your mind to be used when needed. Apply them to the best of your ability, but use them to help not hamper you. Express your individual likes while following the laws of design.
For those who have very little time for flower arrangement, I would suggest they follow at least two precepts — (1) have a good outline, (2) have a focal point in your compositions. By a good outline we mean plenty of interesting spaces between the background flowers. Spaces are as important as the material used if we are to have a good flower picture. The focal point is
62 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
usually near, but slightly to one side of the center of the arrange- ment, and just above the rim of the container, where the greatest number of stems are grouped.
Flowers are lovely no matter how they are used, but one should plan to display them to their greatest advantage, keeping in mind the desirability of some sort of design. It need not be stiff or formal, but decide what pattern you wish, then make a rough sketch of it so you will have a skeleton idea to work with, and fill in the flowers to follow this pattern. An artist would not begin putting paint on canvas until he knew what he was going to paint; neither should you begin putting flowers into a con- tainer until you have an idea of what you wish your flower pic- ture to be. Any form that is suitable for flowers will do — a triangle, oval, circle, rectangle, fan, letter L, or letter S (called the Hogarth Line or Line of Beauty). The vase or the flowers may suggest how they should be used. Wallpaper sometimes has a pattern which, if followed, will make a good arrangement;
Spring Arrangement
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 63
or, let nature itself supply the design, with a naturally curved stem or branch as the basis for the pattern.
It is always better to group your colors, putting your different shades of pink, yellow, white, etc., together to avoid spottiness. With the various colors scattered, one here one there, through- out the arrangement, the eye is forced to jump back and forth between them, which is fatiguing.
Keep in mind that one and one-half to three times the height of a tall vase, or the length of a low one, is a good proportion, depending, of course, upon the visual weight of the materials used. Weighty, large flowers, for instance, might seem top- heavy if too tall, while line light material like grasses and thin branches might be better three times the height of the vase. Some flowers or foliage should always be brought down over the rim of the container to break the line of the rim, and unify the whole composition.
In using a clear glass container, remember your picture starts at the bottom, so avoid crossing or confusing stems. Try for a picture within the container as well as above.
Short stems turned slightly forward or back will give the impression of depth to a design and keep the arrangement from appearing two dimensional.
When using branches, have them close together at the base to give weight and stability. In a distinctly line arrangement, using no flowers or leaves for the focal point, cover the holder with a stone, moss, an old root or piece of bark, etc. The holder is just a tool and should not be visible.
Many people find textures difficult. Flowers, leaves, and vases of similar texture should be used together. Also, the vase and flowers should be in harmony with the room. Do not use a coarse vase in a room with dainty furnishings, and vice versa. Keep the interior of your home in mind when planning your garden, and plant only the things that will look well in that home, because flower arrangement should start with your own garden, if you have one.
If you are making arrangements for a show, you will do well to try something dramatic. Unusual color, or color combina- tions, striking flowers or foliage, an unusual method of using common material — all these help. Be not subtle, however.
64 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
Carnations
The judge is not a mind reader, nor has he time to figure out what you had in mind. Remember the flowers are the actors at the show, and they must act their part well, so help them — give them every advantage.
A flower which I feel is not used as much as it should be in flower arrangement is the carnation. It is grown at all seasons, and is nearly always available. Used with their own foliage and buds, carnations are very pleasing for table decorations. If you are unable to get the foliage, use the bottoms of the stems you have cut off.
Some people hesitate to cut flower stems, but you must re- member you are making a picture, not showing horticultural specimens. So cut stems when necessary. Oftentimes a flower with a short stem will keep longer than a long stemmed one of the same variety.
Finally, always keep in mind you are making a flower picture. Do not think of it as an arrangement. To many the word
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 65
"arrangement" suggests work, or something stiff and unattrac- tive, while a flower picture typifies beauty it might be fun to create. Remember you wish to make as pleasing a picture as possible. With this in mind, plus the few basic precepts, you are bound to have something you like.
(Mrs. Fitzpatrick demonstrated her lecture with beautiful arrangements of living plant material, some of which she exe- cuted as she talked.)
"If Winter Comes, Can Spring Be Far Behind"
Illustrated Lecture Percy A. Brigham, Arlington, Mass. February 20, 1947
Under the snow of each December, lie buds of next year's May, remember, under the snow lie next year's flowers, and always ahead lie happy hours. Nature is dormant under its winter blanket of snow, but comes to life again with the warmth of spring. We all look forward to Nature's awakening, yet we can find much beauty m the countryside covered with pure, white snow. "The snow had begun in the gloaming, and busily all the night, had been heaping field and highway, with a silence deep and white."
The amaryllis is the signal for spring indoors, and a sign that winter has turned the corner of the year. The snowdrop is the first of the spring flowers, actually getting into bloom out of the snow. Soon come the cheery daffodils. In Dedham there is an estate where there are four acres of daffodils, that remind one of Wordsworth's poem,
"I wander'd lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, W hen all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils, Beside the brook, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze."
There are many varieties in the Dedham garden, all very lovely.
At the Waltham Field Station of the Massachusetts State College, is an interesting rock garden display in early spring. We find dwarf iris, ground phlox, hyacinths, and many early rock garden plants, as well as several varieties of alyssum. At the Waltham Field Station in June, the peony, the queen of cultivated flowers, makes a beautiful display.
For the last two years, I have been interested in the day lily which comes into bloom in June, and stays in bloom through
Summer
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July and into August. There are many varieties of this fascinat- ing flower at Waltham. The regal lily, the finest variety we grow in New England, is not only beautiful, but it is also very fragrant
"I always think of garden phlox, As ladies in their summer frocks. Sheer lawn and dimity, As fine as one could wish to see.
Colors gay, and patterns laid
W ith careful plan and lovely shade.
They spread their skirts and dance all day
With any wind that comes their way,
And when they're hidden by the night. They scatter perfume to invite The wandering moth, that brings them word Of things that they have never heard."
Phlox is one of the loveliest of our summer blooms with its varied colors. Zinnias, especially those of the flowering dahlia type, are a sure garden favorite. Marigolds, with their many interesting varieties, are always reliable. Last year in a most unusual season they were a delight. The first part of the season was very dry and the latter part unduly moist, but the mari- golds paid no attention; they just grew and blossomed.
Chrysanthemums, the last of the season's bloom, I have photographed and picked in my garden as late as November 11.
The Trellis ix Winter and Summer
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 69
When we stop to think of it, there are only three months out of the year when we have no blossoming outdoor plants here in New England. From March to November of most years we have some sort of flowers in bloom. It is not the size of the garden that counts. With careful planning and even in a small
Jack-in-the-Pulpit A Group of Iris
space, we can have some bit of beauty throughout the blossom- ing season. What has my garden been to me? A refuge where I may find rest, and hope and beauty, and work my cares away.
"God might have bade the earth bring forth
Enough for great and small, The oak tree and the cedar tree,
Without a flower at all. We might have had enough, enough,
For every want of ours, For luxury, medicine, and toil,
And yet have had not flowers.
"Then wherefore, wherefore were they made
And dyed with rainbow light, All fashioned with supremest grace,
Upspringing day and night, Springing in valleys green and low,
And on the mountain high, And in the silent wilderness
Where no man passes by.
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"Our outward life requires them not
Then wherefore had they birth? To minister delight to man,
To beautify the earth; To comfort man, to whisper hope,
Whene'er his faith is dim, For who so careth for the flowers
Will care much more for Him."
Flowers bring man into closer relationship with God.
"The streets of heaven, I've been told, Are paved with bricks of solid gold. The gates are all of precious stones, and Poverty's a thing unknown; No thunder showers enter there, For every day is dazzling fair. Yet strangely, I have never heard, A flower mentioned, or a bird; So if there's room, along the walks I think I'll plant some hollyhocks."
The color camera is magic in the hands. The colors are accurate, and it is a delight to take what you want from a gar- den on a bright sunny day. Then when Nature is not quite so beautiful, you may re-enjoy the garden at its best. The quotation, ''Beauty is a treasure that no thief may take from you/' is even more true than ever in this age of natural color photography.
There are many lovely gardens whose owners specialize in a certain flower. The gardens of Wendell Wyman in Sharon,
Iris Garden
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 71
devoted to the raising of gladioli, have won more prizes for "glads" than any other garden in New England. The Fair- mount gardens in Lowell specialize in Oriental poppies and raise the most famous poppies; they also specialize in iris and day lilies. The old Jerry Downs estate in Winchester has magni- ficent flowering dogwood, azaleas, and rhododendrons. I waited four years, visiting this garden frequently, to obtain exactly the pictures I desired. In this lovely Downs garden is, also, a beauti- ful rose garden.
"The purple iris drooped and died,
The last bright, fragile flower in Spring; And June has brought her roses in
And makes her offering Of scented beauty to the year
That sees joys came and disappear.
"If you would gather roses, then
Let nothing make you late, For none may buy back yesterday
And roses never wait. Put by your grief and reverently
Do homage to a blossoming tree.
"Ugly things may hold you down Or drive you in some dusty way, With burdens that you may not shirk
Or understand; and yet today Here is a perfect thing that you
May love and own an hour or two.
"The wind that blows bright petals down, The breaking, bleating rain, Still visit men and gardens with
Their mystery or pain, And men and gardens go their way From dust to dust in their brief day.
"But beauty is the treasure that
No thief may take from you, If you have seen bright roses with
A light wind going through If you have known their scented breath
Why need you be afraid of death?
"O, let no lovejy thing be lost,
The rose is yours to have and hold, And you will find it in your heart
When all your ways grow cold. Beauty shall lead you at the end
Gently as a familiar friend."
The greenhouses of this Winchester estate specialize in orchids. They are grown in monstrous pots, eighteen inches in diameter
72 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
PORTULACA
and nearly two feet in height, and it takes seven years to grow a plant. What variety and beauty I found there. If the peony is the queen of our outdoor flowers, then surely the orchid is the royalty of the greenhouse flowers.
A search for beauty may lead you around the world, only for you to find it after all in your own yard. Not only in the flower season, but in winter as well, you do not have to go to Maine, New Hampshire, or Vermont to find beauty — look about you and you will find it in abundance.
Reflections on the beauty of our cultivated flowers would not be complete without a visit to a wild flower garden. And so, let us step on the magic carpet and cross the continent to the state of Washington, to Mt. Rainier National Park, famous the world over for its wild flowers. Mt. Rainier, 14,408 feet high, was called by the Indians, "The Mountain That Was God." Within the park are to be found over 560 varieties of shrubs, trees, and wild flowers. At Paradise Valley, located at an elevation of 5,557 feet is Paradise Inn. Here there are special trips, con- ducted by guides, for those who love wild flowers and enjoy nature. The trails are well marked. Here in the park is the Scotch heather in colors of red, yellow, and white. Fields of mountain dock grow about three feet in height. Close to the glacier is the lovely avalanche lily, which turns away from the sun rather than towards it as most flowers do. There are two
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 73
varieties of the Indian paint brush, red and orange, and an abundance of the Indian basket grass. Alpine lupins, heather, and several types of columbine, even the New England fall aster, thrive at an altitude of 7,500 feet. Mt. Rainier National Park is truly a paradise of wild flowers, field after field of their lovely blossoms extending as far as the eye can see.
Mt. Rainier has seven distinct glaciers, averaging from three to seven miles in length, more than can be found in any other mountain region within the United States. Within the park is also the largest glacier in our country. The park offers many attractions for the ambitious hiker.
"Still must I climb, if I would rest; The bird soars upward to its nest, The young leaf in the tree top high Cradles itself against the sky. I cannot in the valleys stay, The great horizons stretch away, The very cliffs that wall me round, Are ladders to higher ground."
Experienced guides assist in hikes and mountain climbing. In the evenings there are lectures in the Park Ranger's Head- quarters, and everything is done so that a visitor may get the most from a visit to the park.
"There is a lesson in each flower, A story in each stream and bower; In every herb on which you tread, Are written words, which, rightly, read, Will lead you from earth's fragrant soil, To hope and holiness and God."
^Reflections
Mr. Frank Weston Barber, Durham Center, Conn. February 27, 1947
Practically everything in life is dependent on reflections. We are trying this afternoon to understand how much the power of reflection means to us all in our daily lives. Thus, I shall use my pictures merely as a background. You can think your own thoughts as I show them, and I will tag along with what I am quite sure will be your thoughts as we reflect together for a short time.
If we remember, that means we do a certain sort of reflecting. I want to take you on a "that reminds me" journey and hope that you will be thinking of what it means to you individually. I was a New Hampshire farmer's son. How many times while working on that farm I stopped and looked at the mountains! They made an impression I shall never forget. A few years ago I went back to visit my old home, and when I saw how different it was from my memory picture, I said "It cannot be." But it was, and it brought back a flood of recollections of the hard and easy, happy and sad things that happened there. "That re- minds me" — I can't tell you all the things the sunflowers growing around the old house brought back to my mind. Sunflowers are a good example to us, for they always face the sun.
Did you ever go fishing in a trout brook? "That reminds me" of the days when I was a fisherman waiting impatiently for the opening day of the season.
In those days everyone went to church. The chores had to be done just the same, so we got up bright and early to finish in time to hitch up the horse, which did the farm work during the week, and drive the two and a half miles to church. It was quite an event to go to Peterboro, five miles away, to get the weekly supply of grain and groceries! Mt. Monadnock was our picnic ground. Once a year, as a reward for haying done, we drove to Dublin and climbed the mountain for our picnic.
Did you ever ride in a buggy through a covered bridge? The
4
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 75
stories the old covered bridges of New England could tell! Memories of the joys of yesterday come trooping back to us when we see these interesting aids to "that reminds me" and we are, perhaps, a bit tired and lonesome. The joys of yesterday will come back to us if we will only think. Each little thing we see will remind us of something enjoyed.
We all have memories of happy days, and also sad and un- pleasant ones. There are hard and difficult tasks to be done. But as we reflect, the difficult disappears and the good remains with us. The long weary miles, the hot dusty sand road are forgotten. Only the beauty of our objective remains with us. We forget the discomforts of 113° heat and think of the beauty we found. From "ashes to beauty" — the heat disappears, the dust falls out of the eye, and we remember only the beauty. Thus it was with our trip to Tombstone, Arizona. There are so many stories about that particular place, but there are many good people there, no longer doing the things they used to do. There is a rose bush there of "believe it or not" dimensions. It covers a space 150 feet square, and fifty people can eat lunch beneath it. Our trip to a turquoise mine near there was almost unbearably hot, but as we look back, all the heat has disappeared and we see only the beauty of the scenery. In the same way, we can think about an experience at Moosehead Lake in Maine when we were unable to find our way back to the hotel. It was certainly not enjoyable then, but as we think about it now we remember the beauty of the lake, rather than the fretting experi- ence. On a memorable trip to Crater Lake, Oregon, we had studied every detail carefully before leaving, but when we arrived there the smoke from a forest fire was so heavy we were unable to see the slightest trace of the lake. We couldn't get over it then, but now the "ashes" are gone — we have forgotten our disappointment and hope to go there again. In life, and I hope you realize it, those hard, trying things which we will call "ashes of life" will turn into roses if, most of our time, we will hunt for the roses and not for the ashes. You can laugh and be happy for years if you will reflect on happy things and the beauties of life. Even a small "rose" will save you if you will see things beautiful and ignore those not. In your subconscious mind, put away things evil and unlucky, and turn to the beauty
76 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
"That Reminds Me" The Old Church in Hancock, New Hampshire
of the rose and the lily, and breathe its purity and peace. Let us reflect on things worth keeping, the happy things of life, and we shall be happy again.
Children are wise: they see the jolly little "sparkles" of life. It may be just birds in a tree or clouds in the sky. Don't curb their snickers and giggles. Some of us say "let them have their day — they'll be old soon enough," so let's not reprimand them, but crack up our own faces with a smile. What joy they bring, and what pain they drive away. A storm may break, but the sun and the breeze will bring the "sparkles" again. Let's not get so we can't enjoy these "sparkles." Are you happy today? Say it times enough and you probably will be. We must look to tomorrow and not try to curb the "sparkles," but sparkle ourselves. Of course, we can be too superficial and see only the jolly little "sparkles" of life, spending time and money, thoughts and dreams on the light and trivial sides of life. I hope
4
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 77
you will think deeply, not just lightly, and try to see clearly into tomorrow, using yesterday as a background.
Our glorious America, where the best people in the world live, must look ahead to tomorrow, for we cannot see the way. We thought we would have immediate peace following the Great War, with all the world clasping hands and going forward to- gether. But it hasn't worked out that way. We must plan and hope for wisdom and beauty in the future. If we get the best out of yesterday and build it into now, tomorrow will take care of itself. W7e want peace and the things for which we have worked and died. Our thoughts and prayers must be towards peace and brotherhood, the perfect things that make tomorrow beautiful. Let us think straight and reflect what made America strong yesterday. It was her willingness to share with those less fortunate. There are millions of cold and hungry people in the world toda\T, thousands of children ragged and hungry, close to starvation, almost ready to die. We must look ahead to to- morrow when America will bring succor to those in need. We have enough and too much, and there is nothing so grand as being able to share with those who have not. There is an oppor- tunity to find our spot in this great work. Look back — yes — but look ahead. W7e shall not fail; we never have, nor shall we now. It is a great responsibility thrown on a Christian people and the Christian way of life.
Looking down into the depth of the Grand Canyon, 5,280 feet deep, and realizing that the Colorado River has dug its way through those rocky cliffs to the Pacific, may impress you with the need for depth of thought. Let us do some deep thinking, and try to solve the problems of our young people who are so disturbed. We should look beyond the surface, beyond experi- ences of our own, and plan to avoid evil and pain. Reflect, then plan. Power comes from above, the reflection of Heaven on earth. Heaven will reach down to you, and so many things are given a rich glow of beauty because Heaven is reflected down to earth. Right is God. If we believe in God, we shall find Heaven reflected and lighting the pathway we must travel. " Water is more blue than the sky" we say, but the water is made blue by Heaven's reaching down and kissing the water and sending it on its way to thirsty people. Heaven also reflects itself in the blue of the broad oceans.
78 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
We hear a great deal these days about radar doing super- natural things. Just as radar can see in the scientific world, God will come on radar beams to aid us when we are puzzled and in doubt. Power may travel in beams from God to man and guide him in the use of radar, atomic energy, and the talents of man.
The receiving station of radar beams from God is the church. It is there that the people may reach up and receive beams of radar to guide them to God. Its towers point into the heavenly blue, symbols of radar from God to us. Everything depends on us. Look and we shall see: seek and we shall find guidance. We need very much to support the church and schools to educate men to receive these radar beams from God. If we do not get the message, it will never be received and passed on. There is a cry right now for Christian men to go to Japan to show the way to peace and democracy. Most of us cannot go, but we can take the bitterness from our hearts and stop trying to place all blame on a misguided nation.
"Looking into Tomorrow" The Old Mill, Norfolk, Conn.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 79
A child is good and goodness is God. The child won't go wrong if the older people will keep their eye on God's radar. The human reflects the Divine, and from child to grandmother, God is reflected in the human.
What is the meaning of reflections? We like to look back into yesterday and many joys come back and live with us again. Ashes become roses. Darkness shines with the sun. The sparkles of life are apparent. We can see deeply and let the radar beams of God shine in us if we are fit to reflect the Divine. God is given to the needy earth again. Shall we reflect and think of our opportunity to let the Divine shine through in your day and mine?
Annual Reunion
The Worcester County Horticultural Society held its Annual Reunion on Thursday evening, March 20, in the Horticultural Building. The Library, bright and springlike with charming arrangements of snapdragons, daffodils, and tulips, was the scene of the reception. The mantel was banked with beautiful orchids, and the guests of honor wore corsages of the same flower. In the receiving line were President Myron F. Converse and Mrs. Converse, Mr. and Mrs. Charles John Stevenson, Reverend Bertram B. Hanscom and Mrs. Hanscom, and Secre- tary S. Lothrop Davenport and Mrs. Davenport.
Following the reception, members and guests led by President Converse and Mrs. Stevenson, marched to the banquet hall, where a roast-beef dinner was served. As usual, the tables were decorated with masses of pink carnations, furnished by Mr. Dav- enport and arranged by Mrs. Fitzpatrick and Mrs. Field. Seated at the head table were Mr. and Mrs. Converse, Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson, Rev. and Mrs. Hanscom, Mr. and Mrs. Davenport, Mr. Midgley and Miss Storz, Mr. Winter, Mr. Love, Mr. Burt Greenwood and Mrs. Dwight Frohloff.
Rev. Hanscom, pastor of the Old South Congregational Church, gave the invocation.
Following the dinner, Mr. Converse spoke briefly of the activi- ties of the Society and called attention to the new series of evening lectures on "Beautifying the Home Grounds/' which will begin on March 27, the summer exhibitions, and the flower arrangement classes. He expressed appreciation to members for their splendid cooperation and support in all the undertak- ings of the Society. He then presented Mr. Charles John Steven- son, a newspaper publisher and radio commentator from Cam- bridge, N. Y., who spoke on "American Scene."
Mr. Stevenson was an extremely witty and interesting speaker, and had a real message to give his audience. He said in part: "You should feel that Worcester is the finest city in the land, for it has done a tremendous amount of good for every one of you. You may think you have done it yourself, but the city did it
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947 81
for you. Think of the sewer system, telephone system, electric lights, paved streets, fine schools, theaters, churches, and hos- pitals that you all take for granted. You may value your house at a certain figure, but if that same house were placed far out in the country with none of these benefits, how much would your setup be worth there? You own an interest in every one of those improvements which add so much to the comfort and safety of your daily life. I could name twenty countries where you couldn't even own such property because the government wouldn't let you, but in America we can do things that we couldn't anywhere else. I have no patience with kickers and 'bellyachers/ those who have no idea and appreciation of the value of living in America, for we are all millionaires and don't know it. We have so many privileges we never think of until we're deprived of them. If you want to appreciate our blessings, go into our neighboring countries of Mexico and South America, and you will be so glad to get back to the U.S.A. where people are people and can do as they please.
"We think we have poverty here, but we have no poverty compared to India and China. Poverty here means lack of beef steak. Poverty there means lack of a crust of bread. We don't talk the gospel of abundance enough: we talk of lack instead of plenty. And people who have the most complain the most: those who have little, complain less. We hear so much talk at present about an impending business recession. But we see no one saving and planning against that time. We see no one gathering up the food of the seven good years against the famine of the seven lean ones, as did Joseph in Biblical times. There is more money being spent today than ever before in the history of mankind. Everyone is eager to buy, and the higher the price of an article, the more eagerly it is sought. And in this mad scramble for money, we find honesty has slipped out the window. That fine sense of rugged honesty our forefathers possessed is no longer with us. We have become so prosperous that we overlook things about which our consciences would have bothered us a few years ago. There is a spirit among our young people which is not quite so honest. A generation is growing up which fifty, or even twenty-five, years ago would have been considered dishonest. The attitude toward Sunday is also chang-
82 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1947
ing, and fewer people observe it as a day of reflection and worship.
"The spirit of fear is among us, especially fear of war. Many people think we are close to war and can't make up their minds what Russia and France are or are not going to do. But I ask you how it is possible? Who has the money to finance it? We can pretty nearly dismiss war from our minds for that one reason — lack of finances. Russia and England are impoverished to the point where some commentators are predicting that within eight months the British Empire will be broken up and Canada will make an alliance with us. Thus, I say to cast out fear from our minds.
"I am a great believer in the power of right thinking. If we all get together and think right, we can bring great things to pass. Instead of all concentrating on war, let us concentrate on peace. We are all prone to think wrong things about other countries, but if we think right it is no easier to quarrel with Russia than with our next door neighbor. Right thinking, not fear, can preserve the peace.
"How can we bring this about? By broad reading. No one reads enough. We should read all the good biographies we can get our hands on, to see what other people have accomplished. There are thousands of such volumes and we can get real inspira- tion from their message. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were four different biographers writing about the same person, yet all say different things and emphasize different phases. But one thing they all say — 'he went about doing good/
"We shall fail if we don't do that in this world. If we all went about doing good, there would be no war, no poverty, no sorrow. There would be prosperity, peace, and happiness in everything under the sun/'
The audience then adjourned to the auditorium, which was beautifully decorated with evergreen and huge baskets of gladi- oli. The Chaminade Singers, a group of Worcester young women, presented a delightful program of group and solo selections. Mr. Harrison Taylor was in charge of the musical part of the program.
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
Offered by the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
Horticultural Building 30 Elm Street Worcester, Mass.
For the year
1947
THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL
The Davis Press, Worcester
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES
of the
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
For the Year 1947
PRESIDENT
MYRON F. CONVERSE, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
MRS. HOMER GAGE, Worcester, Mass. HERBERT R. KINNEY, Worcester, Mass. ALBERT H. INMAN, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, of North Grafton Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street
TREASURER
BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester
trustees:
Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop John J. Bridgeman Ralph C. Breed Chesterfield Fiske Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins Andrew W. Love William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles Potter Albert W. Schneider Mrs. Emily S. Taft H. Sidney Vaughan Myron S. Wheeler
Harry Harrison, 1947 Harold S. Bowker, 1947
Sutton Auburn Clinton Northboro Boylston Boylston Shrewsbury Auburn Shrewsbury Auburn West Bolylston Clinton Oxford Northboro Berlin
Ernest P. Bennett Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock J. Frank Cooper Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Mrs. Florence C. Emory Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Ernest Hansen Allen W. Hixon Allyne W. Hixon Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Robert S. Illingworth H. Ward Moore Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story Leslie E. Winter
Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Malcolm C. Midgley, 1948
NOMINATING COMMITTEE
Edward A. Bigelow, 1948
Myron F. Converse, 1949 E. Stanley Wright, 1949
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman Herbert R. Kinney Dr. Burton N. Gates Florence E. Field, Librarian
S. Lothrop Davenport J. Frank Cooper
ON NOMENCLATURE
Mrs. Amy W. Smith Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins Ernest Hansen
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Chesterfield Fiske Mrs. William W. Taft Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Mrs. John D. Hassett President, Myron F. Converse H. Ward Moore
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman ^ - Wlliam B. Midgley
Mrs. Florence E. Field ,
Allyne W. Hixon
Charles Potter
Secretary, S. Lothrop Davenport Elizabeth R. Bishop Andrew W. Love
Herbert R. Kinney
Allen W. Hixon ■ Herbert R. Kinney Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey ^ Leslie E. Winter ^ William Todd
Harry C. Midgley
AUDITORS
Plants and Flowers;
Fruit:
Vegetables:
Harrison G. Taylor
JUDGES
William B. Midgley, Worcester Andrew W. Love, Auburn H. Ward Moore, Worcester
Myron F. Converse, Chairman
MEDAL COMMITTEE S. Lothrop Davenport
Allen W. Hixon
ON WINTER MEETINGS Myron F. Converse, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Mrs. Herbert P. Emory Albert H. Inman *
Herbert R. Kinney H. Sidney Vaughan
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY
GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors "as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society.
2. Every Exhibit entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named.
3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc.
4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number.
5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous.
6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded.
7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender.
8. All articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange- ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 8.30 o'clock.
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worces= ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
4
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable.
14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as " Pippin, " "Sweeting." "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested.
16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity.
17. iy The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties.
18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respecting their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule.
19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium.
1947]
RULES AND REGULATIONS
5
The maximum prize for Vases, Standards, and Baskets shall be two dollars, unless otherwise specified.
20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society.
21. U. P. Hedrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Totty's Catalogue to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges.
22. No artificial plants, flowers, or foliage preserved by any process shall be exhibited at any show of this Society, except for a special purpose and with the consent of the show management.
23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur.
Scale of Points Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers. —
|
Arrangement |
30 |
points |
|
Quality of blooms (including condition and value) |
40 |
u |
|
Number of varieties |
15 |
a |
|
Properly named |
15 |
a |
|
Lilies. — |
||
|
Size and color of bloom |
35 |
points |
|
Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem |
35 |
u |
|
Arrangement |
15 |
a |
|
Properly named |
15 |
(i |
|
Display, Baskets and Standards.— |
||
|
Arrangement |
40 |
points |
|
Quality (including condition and value) |
45 |
a |
|
Variety |
15 |
a |
|
Collections. — |
||
|
Quality (including condition and value) |
45 |
points |
|
Arrangement |
25 |
CI |
|
Variety |
30 |
a |
|
Table Decoration. — |
||
|
Arrangement |
45 |
points |
|
Quality of flowers |
25 |
a |
|
Proportion |
15 |
a |
|
Harmony of flowers with accessories |
15 |
u |
6
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Special Funds
OF THE
Worcester County Horticultural Society
The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established.
1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for the purchase of books.
1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00.
Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple culture.
1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00.
Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County.
In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers.
1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.
1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society.
1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1939. The Coulson Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1943. G. A. Bigelow Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious garden grown exhibits of Roses.
Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables
1947
IdPTHE Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
Special Rules
1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of wthich will be taken by the judges ix awarding the premiums.
2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature.
3. In all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed.
4. In all exhibits of wild flowters only those falling in groups ii and iii of the hadwen botanical club leaflet may be showtn. wlld flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
5. At no time shall the exhibit contain more than one- third FROM GROUP II.
6. Ask the secretary for leaflet of the hadwten botani- cal CLUB SHOWING FLOWTERS NOT TO BE EXHIBITED.
By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants.
Spring Exhibition
Thursday, March 13, 3 to 8.30 p. m. Friday, March 14, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Saturday, March 15, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Sunday, March 16, 12 m. to 8.30 p. m.
Notify Secretary four weeks in advance for space
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Garden Displays:
I Exhibitors occupying approximately
|
400 square feet |
No. 1 |
225.00 |
|
No. 2 |
200.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
190.00 |
|
|
No. 4 |
175.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
200 square feet |
No. 1 |
100.00 |
|
No. 2 |
85.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
70.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
100 square feet |
No. 1 |
45.00 |
|
Xo. 2 |
35.00 |
|
|
Xo. 3 |
25.00 |
II
III
Scale of points by which the above class is to be judged.
Arrangement 50 points
Quality 35 points
Variety 15 points
* * *
Plant Displays:
IV Total Allotment 245 . 00
V Cut Flowers 75.00
VI Fruit 75.00
VII Vegetables 75.00
VIII Carnations * 150.00
Worcester Garden Club Exhibit
May Exhibition
Thursday, May 15
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 1. Display, 24 square feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 No. 2. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large displays during the year. No. 3. Basket 3 .00 2 .50 2 .00 1.50 1 ."00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 4. Fifteen vases, no duplicates 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Spring Bulbs, open culture. —
No. 5. Display 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50
Pansy. —
No. 6. Twenty vases, one flower
with foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Frederick A. Blake Fund
Carnations, fifty carnations in a basket. —
A. Basket of white Basket of dark pink Basket of light pink Basket of any other color
Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
* * * Table Decorations, Flowers. —
No. 7. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Roses prohibited. Notify the Secretary two
days in advance 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Apple. —
No. 8. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Lettuce. —
No. 9. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Spinach. —
No. 10. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50
Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. —
No. 11. Globe 1.50 1.00 .50
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 12. Linnaeus 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 13. Any variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 14. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 15. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Iris Exhibition
Thursday, June 5
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Iris, German. —
No. 16. Display 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
No. 17. Twenty vases, one stem in
a vase preferably named 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 18. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 19. Display, 24 square feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 20. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year.
Table Decorations, Iris predominating.—
No. 21. Oblong table laid for
four covers 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Peonies. —
No. 22. Vase or Basket 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Lupinus. —
No. 23. Vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Roses. —
No. 24. Vase of Roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 25. Any variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 26. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
12
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 27. Linnaeus No. 28. Victoria
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce. —
No. 29. Six heads
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Onion. —
No. 30. Two bunches, six each
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 8 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as "Pippin," "Sweeting," "Greening" etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
Peony Exhibition
Thursday, June 12
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 31. From hardy plants and shrubs outdoor culture, to be named,
24 sq. ft. 6.50 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50
No. 32. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 33. Fifteen vases,
No duplicates 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Siberian Iris. —
No. 34. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Roses. —
No. 35. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 36. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peonies. —
No. 37. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00
No. 38. Twenty vases, one flower
in each 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement. —
No. 39. Hardy Plants and shrubs. Container furnished by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Foxglove. —
No. 40. Vase of twelve spikes 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00
Aquilegia. —
No. 41. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 42. Howard 17 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 43. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 44. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Rose Exhibition
Thursday, June 19, open from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
Roses. —
No. 45. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of H P. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 46. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
No. 47. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 48. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
No. 49. Collection of cut roses, at least
six varieties. Thirty dollars to
be used for prizes. No. 50. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 51. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 52. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 53. Display of cut climbing roses.
Twenty-five dollars may be
used for prizes
No. 54. Basket of roses 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 55. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
16
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund
B. Table decoration of roses, oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers
grown by exhibitors 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2 00
* * *
Peonies. —
No. 56 Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in
advance 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Aquilegia. —
No. 57. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund
Hardy Flowers and Shrubs, to be named. —
C. Display of outdoor varieties 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
* * *
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
|
No. 58. |
Howard No. 17 2.50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 59. |
Pathfinder |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 60. |
Catskill 2.50 |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 61. |
New varieties not scheduled |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1, |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 62. |
Four baskets of strawberries, |
||||||
|
any variety |
3 |
.00 |
2 |
,00 1 |
.00 |
||
|
No. 63. |
Display, strawberries 5 . 00 |
4.00 |
3. |
00 |
2. |
00 1 |
.00 |
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 64. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 65. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 66. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 l.flO .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 67. Big Boston Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, June 26
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 68. Display, 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 50 No. 69. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
No. 70. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). — No. 71. Twelve vases, three stems
in a vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Campanula. —
Xo. 72. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Delphinium. — Xo. 73. One vase, not more than twelve
spikes 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Sweet Peas. — No. 74. Small basket, any green may
be used 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Roses. —
No. 75. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers on a Mirror. —
No. 76. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the Society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Table Decorations. —
No. 77. Round table laid for four
covers 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
* * *
18
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
G. A. Bigelow Fund
Roses. —
D. Vase of garden-grown roses, twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
* * * ,
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 78. Howard No. 17 2. 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 79. Catskill 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 80. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 81. Collections, not more than six
varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 82. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 83. Black Tartarian 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 84. Gov. Wood 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 85. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 86. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Beet.—
No. 87. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Carrot. —
No. 88. Two bunches, six in each 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Pea, one-half peck.
No. 89. World's Record 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 90. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
4
Sweet Pea Exhibition
Thursday, July 3
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
No. 91. Ten vases, not more than 25
flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 92. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas,
oblong table laid for four covers,
Gypsophila may be used. Flowers
grown by exhibitor. Notify the
Secretary two days in advance
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 93. Collection of Sweet Peas 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 94. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 95. Ten vases, one stem in a vase,
preferably named 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Delphinium. — No. 96. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Lilium Candidum. —
No. 97. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Lilium Regale. —
No. 98. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Roses. —
No. 99. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 100. Catskill 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 101. Ten dollars may be used for
prizes. Preference given to
worthy varieties of recent
introduction.
20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Raspberry, Black Gap, one pint. —
No. 102. Named variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 103. Early varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 104. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 105. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 106. Coe's Transparent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 107. Montmorency 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 108. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 109. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 110. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 111. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 112. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No 113. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
4
Thursday, July 10
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 1 14. Display, 24 square feet 8 . 00 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 No. 115. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year. No. 116. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 117. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.0a
Lilies. —
No. 118. Display. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Centaurea. —
No. 119. Display, Gypsophila may be
used 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
Petunia. —
No. 120. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 121. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 122. Latham 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 123. Taylor 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 124. Any other red variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Currants, twenty-four bunches.—
No. 125. Any named varieties. 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 126. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 127. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pea, one-half peck —
No. 128. Telephone 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 129. Wax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 130. Green Pod 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber. —
No. 131. Three specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 132. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, Iceberg.—
No. 133. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 134. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
4
Thursday, July 17
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 135. Display, 24 square feet 8 . 00 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 No. 136. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 No. 137. Standard 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No other standards to be shown.
Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon). —
No. 138. Display 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50
Table Decorations. —
No. 139. Oblong table, laid for
four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. If Sweet Peas are used, flow- ers other than Gypsophila must be used in combina-
tion. 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 140. Fifteen vases. No
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
No. 141. Five vases, 25 flower stems
duplicates
3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
in vase
3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 142. Twelve vases
4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
ttemerocallis (Day Lilies). —
No. 143. Display
6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 144. Yellow Transparent
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
24
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1947
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 145. Any named red variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 146. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry. —
Display of Small Fruits. —
No; 150. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 151. Any named variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 152. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 153. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 154. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 147. Wild, one quart
No. 148. Cultivated, one pint, named
1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Currants, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 149. Wilder
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, July 24
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 155. Display, 24 square feet 8 . 00 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00
No. 156. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
No. 157. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Gladiolus. —
No. 158. Ten vases, named varieties,
one spike in each 5.00 4,00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 159. Twelve vases, one truss in a
vase 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Larkspur, annual. —
No. 160. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 161. Astrachan 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 162. Yellow Transparent 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 163. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry, one quart. —
No. 164. Cultivated, one pint 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 165. Wild, one quart 1.50 1.00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 166. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 167. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Fruit Display. —
No. 168. At least two kinds of Fruit. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 169 Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 170. Summer 2. 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 171. Irish Cobbler 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 172. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 173. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, July 31
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 174. Basket 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
The Coulson Fund
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
E. Container to be furnished and
flowers to be grown by exhibitor 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
* * *
Gladiolus. —
No. 175. Display (not to exceed
50 square feet) 12. 00 10. 00 8. 00 6. 00 4. 00
Salpiglossis. —
No. 176. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 177. Twelve vases, named varieties,
one truss in each vase 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Zinnia, large flowered. —
No. 178. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 179. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7. Blueberry. —
No. 180. Cultivated, one pint, any named
variety 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 181. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
28
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1947
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 182. Oldenburg 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 183. Astrachan 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 184. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 185. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 186. Copenhagen 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 187. Any other named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 188. Yellow, Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 189. Katahdin 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 190. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. —
No. 191. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 192. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Gladiolus Exhibition
Thursday, August 7
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m. Gladiolus. —
No. 193. Display (not to exceed 50 sq. ft.). Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 194. Twenty vases, one spike in
each, preferably named 5.00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Aster, large flowered, long stem. —
No. 195. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Salpiglossis. —
No 196. Bowl 2.00 1.00 .50
Annuals. —
Xo. 197. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Flowers on a Mirror. —
No. 198. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 199. Williams 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 200. For seasonable varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 201. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes.
30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 202. Dwarf, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 203 . Pole, any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Bean, String, one-half peck. —
No. 204. Kentucky Wonder 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. —
No. 205. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 206. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cucumber, for pickles. —
No. 207 . One-half peck 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 208. Any named variety (excepting
summer varieties) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 209. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 210. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, August 14
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m. Gladiolus. —
No. 211. Standard of gladiolus 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No other standards to be shown. No. 212. Basket, large. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Zinnia.—
No. 213. Display, notify the Secretary two days
in advance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Dahlia.—
No. 214. Display. Single, pompon,
and miniature 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00
Display of Garden Flowers. —
No. 215. Not to exceed 24 square
feet 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
No. 216. Small Display, 12 square feet 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days
in advance.
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 217. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors may use own containers. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Aster, single or anemone. —
No. 218. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Apples, twelve specimens.—
No. 219. Early Mcintosh 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 220. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No 221. Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
32
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Plums, twelve specimens. —
No. 222. Washington 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 223. Bradshaw 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 224. Imperial Gage 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 225. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 226. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 227. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Pole, one-half peck. —
No. 228. SheU 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 229. String, any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 230. Sweet, not less than twelve rows
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 231. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, August 21
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 232. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
No. 233. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 234. Basket, large 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Aster, large flowered. —
No. 235. Twenty vases, three
blooms in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
No. 236. Display 5.00 4. 50 4.00 3.00 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Dahlia .—
LARGE FLOWERED. —
No. 237. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Zinnia. —
SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY. —
No. 238. Display 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 .50
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 239. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Verbena. —
No. 240. Basket or Bowl 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 241. Container to be furnished by Exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 242. Gravenstein 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 243. Red Gravenstein 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 244. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum.—
No. 245. Display, no restriction as to
arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 246. Golden Jubilee 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 247. Carmen 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 248. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 249. Clapp's Favorite 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 250. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 251. Wonder Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 252. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 253. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — -Following page 56
Thursday, August 28
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 254. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 255. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 No. 256. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned
and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five
dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to
exceed $2.00. Wild Flowers. —
No. 257. Fifteen vases, no
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.0Q
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Dahlia.—
No. 258. Standard— Dahlias
predominating 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No other standards to be shown. Gladiolus. —
No. 259. Basket 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Aster. —
No. 260. Display, not exceeding
25 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Scabiosa. —
No. 261. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lilies. —
No. 262. Vase 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 263. Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 264. Any other variety 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 265. Wealthy 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apple, Crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 266. Hyslop 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
36
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1947
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 267. Seedlings 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 268. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 269. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 270. Any other variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 271. Golden Varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 272. Lombard 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 273. Burbank 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 274. New varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 275. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 276. Other varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be
used for prizes.
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 277. Squash 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 278. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 279. Bonny Best
No. 280. Beauty
No. 281. Any other variety
Bean, one-half peck. —
No. 282. Bush Lima No. 283. Pole Lima
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 284. Any named variety
2.50 2.00 2.50 2.00 2.50 2.00
|
1. |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Celery, blanched (named) six specimens. —
No. 285. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Carrot, twelve specimens. —
No. 286. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
194/ SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 37
Egg Plant.—
No. 2S7. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 288. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
No. 289. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, September 4
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 290. Display 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 291. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 292. Metal container of cut flowers, container to be
furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor.
Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award
not to exceed $2.00.
Dahlia.—
No. 293. Twenty vases, one flower in
each vase 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 294. Vase or basket 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 295. Fifteen vases, one spike
in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Marigold. —
No. 296. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 297. Seedlings 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 298. New varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 299. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 300. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 301. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 302. Elberta, early 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 303. Any other variety 2. 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 304. Display, no restriction as to
arrangement 8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00
1947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
39
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 305. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 306. Green Mountain 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 307. Moore's Early 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 308. Ontario 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 309. Fredonia 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 310. Varieties not scheduled. Five dollars for prizes.
No. 311. New varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 312. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Melon, three specimens. —
No. 313. GreenFlesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 314. Yellow Flesh 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 315. Water 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber, three specimens. —
No. 316. Any variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Tomato. —
No. 317. Display. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables (not commercial growers) . —
No. 318. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia Exhibition
Thursday, September 11
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Dahlia.—
No. 319. Thirty vases, one flower in each. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 320. Twelve vases, one flower
in each 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
No. 321. Single varieties,twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 322. Basket of large flowered 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 . 00 No. 323. Pompon, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Display of Flower Arrangement. —
No. 324. Not to cover more than 20 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Not more than twelve receptacles to be used. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. No baskets.
Scale of Points by Which the Above Class is to be Judged
Arrangement of flowers 40 points
Quality of flowers 35 points Proportion and harmony of flowers
with receptacles 25 points
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 325. Cut flowers in vases. Not more than twenty vases to » be used. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
1947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
41
Edwin Draper Fund
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
F. Display of Potted Plants. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 326. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 327. Seckel 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 328. Any variety, not scheduled 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Peach. —
No. 329. Elberta 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 330. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 331. Orange 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 332. Brighton Xo. 333. Campbell Xo. 334. Worden Xo. 335. Concord No. 336. Delaware No. 337. Niagara Xo 338. Moore's Diamond No. 339. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 340. New varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 341. Basket of Fancy Grapes
(baskets furnished) 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Squash, three specimens. —
Xo. 342. Warren 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 343. Golden Hubbard 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 344. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 345. Butternut 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 346. Golden Delicious 2.00 1.50 1.00 50
|
2. |
00 |
1.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|||
|
1.50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|||||
|
3. |
00 |
2. |
50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
3 |
00 |
2 |
50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
2 |
50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
||
|
3. |
00 |
2 |
50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
1.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 347. Red 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 348. Savoy 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 349. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 350. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Broccoli. —
No. 351. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 352. Market Basket of Vegetables. Basket furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, September 18
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 353. Large Basket. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia.—
No. 354. Display (not to exceed 50 square feet). Fifty dollars
may be used for prizes.
Notify the secretary two days in advance. No. 355. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for growers who do not
compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
Cosmos. —
No. 356. Display. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 357. Container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, one flat. —
No. 358. Mcintosh 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
No. 359. Any variety not scheduled
3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 360. Hubbardston 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 361. Milton 2 00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 362. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 363. Varieties not scheduled,, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 364. Sutton Beauty 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 365. Sheldon 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 366. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. Twenty
dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance.
Peach. —
No. 367. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Grapes. —
No. 368. Display of Grapes. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Peppers. —
No. 369. Display. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes.
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 370. Green Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 371 Varieties not scheduled 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 372. Three specimens. 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 373. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, September 25
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 374. Display, 24 square feet 7.00 6.00 5 00 4.00 3.00 No. 375. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 No. 376. Basket 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Standard of Cut Flowers.—
Xo. 377. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum. —
No. 378. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Table Decorations — Fruit. —
No. 379 Oblong table laid for four covers.
No restriction as to grower. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
Xo. 380. Mcintosh 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apple, three flats. —
No. 381. Three varieties 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 382. Mcintosh 5.50 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 383. Any other named variety 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Apples, twenty-five specimens.
No. 384. Any named variety. 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Display of Fruit. —
No. 385. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be
used for prizes. No. 386. Basket of fancy fruit
(baskets furnished) 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 387. Bosc 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 388. Basket of Fancy Pears
(Baskets furnished) 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 389. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Pumpkins, three specimens. —
No 390 Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 391. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsley. —
No. 392. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 393. Golden 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 394. Other varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 395. Blue Hubbard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 396. Collection 5 . 00 4 . 50 4 . 00 3 . 50 3 . 00
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 397. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition
Thursday, October 2
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 398. Display. Thirty-five dollars may be awarded for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. —
No. 399. Cut flowers in vases. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Arrangement of Dried Material. —
No. 400. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00.
Apple, one flat. —
No. 401. Baldwin 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 402. Any other variety except
Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 403. Collection, not to exceed
10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
No. 404. Any variety not scheduled 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Apple, twelve specimens. —
|
No. 405. |
Baldwin 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 406. |
Golden Delicious |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 407. |
Winter Banana |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 408. |
R. I. Greening |
3.00 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|
No. 409. |
Northern Spy |
3.00 2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|
No. 410. |
Mcintosh |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 411. |
Cortland |
2.50 |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1.00 |
|
|
No. 412. |
Rome Beauty |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 413. |
-Delicious |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 414. |
Delicious Sports |
2.50 |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
50 |
1.00 |
No. 415. New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes.
48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Apple, twelve specimens. — (continued)
No. 416. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 417. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen
dollars may be used for prizes. No. 418. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 419. Basket of fancy apples
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 420. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 421. Angouleme 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 422. Clairgeau 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 423. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 424. Lawrence 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 425. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 426. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 427. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 428. Champion 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 429. Three specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 430. Golden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 431. Summer Pascal 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 432. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Endive. —
No. 433. Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Leeks. —
No. 434. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
1947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
49
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 435. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Salsify.—
Xo. 436. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 437. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
Potato, four varieties (named). —
No. 438. Twelve specimens of each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Turnip, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 439. English Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Xo. 440. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grains. —
No. 441. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Field Beans. —
No. 442. Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
No. 443. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Chrysanthemum Exhibition
Thursday, Nov. 6, 3 to 8.30 p. m. Friday, Nov. 7, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 8, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 9, 12 m. to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Chrysanthemums. —
Use catalogue of Charles H. Totty Co., Madison, N. J. No. 444. Twelve blooms, not less than
six varieties, to be named 12 . 00 10 . 00 8 . 00
No. 445. Collection of twenty-five large
blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00
No. 446. Pompons, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 447. Single varieties, display in vases 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 448. Anemones, display in vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 449. Three specimen plants,
one plant in pot 15.00 10.00 8.00
No. 450. One specimen plant,
one plant in pot 5.00 3.00 2.00
Standard Commercial Varieties. —
Use Totty's Catalogue, Madison, N. J.
No. 451. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 452. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 453. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 454. Any other color 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet.
Exhibition Varieties. —
No. 455. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 456. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 457. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 458. Any other color 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet.
1947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
51
Chrysanthemums. —
No. 459. Basket of Pompons 4. 00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 460. Basket of Single 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 461. Basket of Anemones 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Arrangement not to exceed 30 inches in height and width. Garden Displays. —
No. 462. Exhibitors occupying approximately
|
400 square feet |
No. 1 |
200.00 |
|
No. 2 |
175.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
160.00 |
|
|
No. 4 |
140.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
200 square feet |
No. 1 |
80.00 |
|
No. 2 |
70.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
60.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
100 square feet |
No. 1 |
40.00 |
|
No. 2 |
30.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
20.00 |
No. 463.
No. 464.
Scale of Points by which the above class is to be judged. Arrangement 50 points
Quality 35 points
Variety 15 points
* * *
Plant Displays. —
No. 465. Total Allotment 35 . 00
Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition.
Flower Arrangement, Chrysanthemums. —
No. 466. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
G. Special Exhibits, other than Chrysanthemums. —
Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Frederick A. Blake Fund
H. Chrysanthemums.— Best bloom 4.00 3.00 2.00
I. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be awarded for prizes.
52
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage
J. Table Decorations. — A Thanksgiving table. No restric- tions. Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars to be used for prizes.
* * *
Fern Globes. —
No. 467. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Terrariums.—
No. 468. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 469. Small — Cont ainers must not ex- ceed 18 inches in any dimension 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Cacti and Succulents. —
No. 470. Not to exceed 24 square feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
Fruit Display. —
No. 471. Must contain at least two kinds of fruit. No restric- tion as to arrangement, not to exceed 30 square feet. Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Apple Display. —
No. 472. 50 square feet. One hundred and fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 473. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 474. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 475. Delicious 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 476. Cortland 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 477. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 478. Basket of Fancy Apples 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 479. Basket of Fancy Pears 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 480. Baldwin 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 481. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 482. Mcintosh 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 483. Delicious Red Strains 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 484. Cortland 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50
[1947
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
53
Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund
A. Northern Spy.—
Four premiums 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
B. Roxbury Russet. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
C. Rhode Island Greening. —
Four premiums 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
D. . Golden Delicious
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
E. Any other Variety. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Brussels Sprouts. —
Xo. 485. Two one-quart baskets 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Carrots, twelve specimens. —
No. 486. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cauliflower — .
No. 487. Three specimens 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 488. Pascal 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 489. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 490. White Globe % 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 491. Red Globe 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 492. Ebenezer 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 493. Any other variety. Eight dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 494. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 495. Any variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1947
Squash, three specimens. —
|
No. 496. Blue Hubbard |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 497. Butternut |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 498. Buttercup |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
-i l |
OO . uu |
.50 |
|
JNo. 4yy. labie i^ueen lype |
Z.UU |
i 1 |
. 5U |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No .500 Anv other varietv |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
i X |
00 . \J\J |
50 |
|
Turnip, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 501. Purple Top Globe |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Turnip, six specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 502. Rutabaga |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Potato, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 503. Green Mountain |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 504. Katahdin |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 505. Chippewa |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 506. Sebago |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 507. Any other variety |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
Vegetables. —
No. 508. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished)
No. 509. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 4, 1947. Premiums will be paid on or after November 17, 1947.
THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information.
COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport Herbert R. Kinney
Florence E. Field, Librarian Dr. Burton N. Gates
1947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
55
Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library
Indian Harvest, Lucas and Carter, 1945
This Green World, Rutherford Piatt, 1945
New Crops for the New World, Charles M. Wilson, 1945
Flowers in Britain, L. J. F. Brimble, 1944-1945
The Friendly Evergreens, L. L. Kumlien, 1946
Gerariums, Pelargoniums, Helen Van Pelt Wilson, 1946
Guide to Southern Trees, E. S. and J. G. Harrar, 1946
Flower Shows and How to Stage Them, Adele S. Fisher, 1938
The Gardener's Bug Book, Cynthia Westcott, 1946
Field Book of American Wild Flowers, F. Schuyler Mathews, 1946
Facts About Flower Arrangement, Mrs. Winifred Teele
Knowing Your Trees, G. H. Collingwood, 1937
House Plants Unusual, Allen H. Wood, Jr., 1941
Grow Them Indoors, Allen H. Wood, Jr., 1936
The Window Garden, Bessie Raymond Buxton, 1944
Make Your Own Merry Christmas, Anne WTertsner, 1946
Garden Lilies, Alan and Esther Macneil, 1946
American Orchid Culture, Edward A. White, 1945
A B C and X Y Z of Bee Culture, A. I. Root, 1945
Green Cargoes, Ann Dorrance, 1945
Weeds of Lawn and Garden, John M. Fogg, Jr., 1945
Enjoy Your House Plants, Jenkins and Wilson, 1944
Perennials Preferred, Helen Van Pelt Wilson, 1945
i Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book, 1944 Hay Fever Plants, Roger P. Woodhouse, 1945
, Flowers, Their Arrangement, J. Gregory Conway, 1940 Plant Growth, L. Edwin Yocum, 1945 How to Know the Moss§s, Henry S. Conrad, 1944 Grapes and Wines, U. P. Hedrick, 1945
Trees, Shrubs and Vines for Northeastern United States, George Graves, 1945
Plant Life in the Pacific World, Elmer D. Merrill, 1945
A Naturalist in Cuba, Thomas Barbour, 1945
Naturalist at Large, Thomas Barbour, 1943
Brazil, Orchid of the Tropics, Mulford and Racine Foster, 1945
American Rose Annual, for 1946
Gladiolus Year Book, 1946
56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1947
American Delphinium Society Year Book, 1945
Herbertia, Year Book of the American Plant Life Society, formerly
The Amaryllis Society The Begonian, Monthly Publication of the American Begonia
Society
Bulletins Received During 1946 as Follows:
Extension Service Bulletins from Massachusetts State College,
Amherst, Mass. Cornell University Experiment Station The Arnold Arboretum The American Iris Society
X
Worcester County Horticultural Society
SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County
Exhibitions to be held on each Thursday beginning July 24 to August 28, 1947 inclusive Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street
Worcester, Massachusetts
Thursday, July 24
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Gut Flower Display. —
No. 1. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 2. Basket 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 3. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named. 1.00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 4. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 5. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
No. 6. Vase of mixed flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 7. Ten vases, to be named 1 . 00 .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Carrots. —
No. 8. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 9. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 10. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
No. 1 1 . Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 12. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
1947] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 3
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 13. Display, 10 square feet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 14. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named. .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 15. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 16. Five vases .75 .50 .25
No. 17. Basket of Cut Flowers .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 18. Ten vases, to be named .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Carrots. —
No. 19. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Beets. —
No. 20. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 21. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 22. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 23. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, July 31
All articles must he in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Centurea.—
No. 24. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 25. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 26. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 27. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 28. Vase of cut flowers, mixed 1.00 .75 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 29. Display, not over 12 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
String Beans. —
No. 30. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 31. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 32. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Centaurea. —
No. 33. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 34. Five vases .75 .50 .25
1947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
5
Marigold. —
No. 35. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 36. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named No. 37. Vase of cut flowers
Vegetables
No. 38. Display, not over 10 varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Beets. —
No. 39. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 40. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
No. 41. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
.75 .50 .25 .75 .50 . 25
Thursday, August 7
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of
15 and 21 years
Marigold. —
No. 42. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 Petunia, —
No. 43. Ten vases 1 . 00 .75 .50 Zinnia. —
No. 44. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 45. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 46. Ten vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 47. Small container to be shown on mirror. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage. —
No. 48. Two heads 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 49. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Potatoes. —
No. 50. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 51. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 52. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
1947] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 7
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Marigold. —
No. 53. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Petunia. —
No. 54. Ten vases .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 55. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 56. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 57. Ten vases. To be named .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 58. Small container to be shown on mirror. Four dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage. —
No. 59. Two heads .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 60. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Potato.—
No. 61. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 62. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
No, 63. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 14
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 64. Display, 15 square feet 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 65. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To be named 1 . 00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 66. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 67. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 68. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 69. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 70. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Cucumbers. —
No. 71. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 72. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 73. 'Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 74. Five vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To be
named .75 .50 .25
1947i SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9
Marigold. —
No. 75. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 76. Five vases .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 77. Two quarts .75 .50 . 25.
Shell Beans. —
No. 78. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 79. Six ears . 75 . 50 . 25
Cucumbers. —
No. 80. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 81. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 21
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cosmos. —
No. 82. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 83. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 84. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 85. Five vases, five varieties, one spike in
a vase. To be named. 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 86. Five vases 1 . 00 ..75 . 50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 87. Basket, mixed 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 88. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 89. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Market Basket. —
No. 90. Baskets furnished by the Society and
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Cosmos. —
No. 91. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 92. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
19471
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
11
Asters. —
No. 93. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 94. Five vases, five varieties, one spike in
a vase. To be named. 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 95. Five vases .75 .50 . 25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 96. Five vases, exhibitions own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named .75 .50 .25
Basket. —
No. 97. Cut flowers, mixed .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 98. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 99. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Market Basket. —
No. 100. Baskets furnished by the Society
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Thursday, August 28
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Display of Flowers. —
No. 101. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 102. Vase, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 103. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 104. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 105. Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00
Zinnia. —
No. 106. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 107. Five vases 1.00 .75 .50
Cosmos. —
No. 108. Vase 1.00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 109. Ten vases. To be named 1.50 1.00 .50 .25 No. 110. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. — No. 111. Not over 15 varieties
2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
Potato.—
No. 1 12. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 75 .50
Beets. —
No. 113. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
1947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
13
Carrots. —
Xo. 114. Six specimens 1.00 . 75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 115. Two quarts in pods 1.00 .75 .50
String Beans.—
Xo. 116. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
Xo. 117. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
Xo. 118. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50
Cucumber. —
Xo. 119. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
No. 120. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Winter Squash. —
No. 121. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Celery.—
No. 122. Three specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Onion. —
No. 123. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 124. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 125. Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 126. Vase .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 127. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Asters. —
No. 128. Five vases 75 .50 . 25
Petunia. —
No. 129. Ten vases 75 .50 .25
14
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1946
Marigolds. —
No. 130. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Gladiolus. —
No. 131. Five vases, five varieties, one spike
in each. To be named. .75 .50 .25
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 132. Five vases .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 133. Ten vases, To be named .75 .50 . 25
No. 134. Vase of Wild Flowers .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. —
No. 135. Not to exceed 12 varieties
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1 00 .75
Beets. —
No. 136. Six specimens .75 50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 137. Two specimens .75 50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 138. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans.—
No. 139. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Potato.—
No. 140. Twelve specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 141. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 142. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Carrots. —
No. 143. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Cucumber. —
No. 144. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
Green Peppers. —
No. 145. Six specimens . 75 .50 .25
No. 146. Any other vegetable. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
L947]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
15
Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits.
Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Seniors, between 15 and 21 years and Juniors, those under 15 years.
The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child trom the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by two o'clock p.m.
All varieties of flowers and vegetables shall be named.
Each vase shall have two or more flowers each, except when otherwise specified.
In all exhibits of Wild Flowers only those falling in groups II and III of the Hadwen Botanical Club leaflet may be shown. Wild flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
At no time shall the exhibit contain more than one-third from group II.
Ask the secretary for leaflet of the Hadwen Botanical Club showing flowers not to be exhibited.
The judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens.
Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition season.
Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society.
CHILDREN'S EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
H. Ward Moore, Chairman Allen J. Jenkins Andrew W. Love William B. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport
Transactions of Worcester County Horticultural Society
Year Ending December 2, 1948 30 Elm Street, Worcester, Massachusetts
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES
of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
For the Year 1949
PRESIDENT
ALLEN W. HIXON, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
LESLIE E. WINTER ROBERT S. ILLING WORTH
Worcester, Mass. Worcester, Mass.
HERBERT R. KINNEY, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, of North Grafton Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street
TREASURER
BURT W. GREENWOOD, of Worcester
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester
Miss Elizabeth R. Bis John J. Bridgeman Ralph C. Breed Chesterfield Fiske Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morev Eugene O. Parsons Charles W. Potter Albert W. Schneider George F. E. Story Mrs. Emily S. Taft H. Sidney Vaughan Mrs. E. W. Whitin
TRUSTEES
hop Sutton Arthur D. Keown Wilkinsonville
Auburn Herbert E. Berg Worcester
Chnton Ernest P. Bennett Worcester
Northboro Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester
Boylston Myron F. Converse Worcester
Boylston Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester
Shrewsbury Mrs. Florence C. Emory Worcester
Shrewsbury Mrs. Alice M. Forbes W orcester
Auburn Ernest Hansen Worcester
West Boylston Earl T. Harper Worcester
Clinton Mrs. Ina E. Hassett Worcester
Leicester Allyne W. Hixon Worcester
Oxford Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Holden
Northboro H. Ward Aloore Worcester
No. Uxbridge Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Myron F. Converse, 1949 Harry Harrison, 1950
Malcolm C. Midgley, 1951
NOMINATING COMMITTEE E. Stanley Wright, 1949 George Avery White, 1950
W arren G. Davis, 1951
OX LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman Dr. Burton X. Gates Mrs. Susie M. Bowker
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Florence E. Field, Librarian
OX NOMENCLATURE
S. Lothrop Davenport Allen J. Jenkins
Mrs. Amy W. Smith Charles Potter
Ernest Hansen
OX ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS Allen J. Jenkins, Chair/nan Chesterfield Fiske Allyne W. Hixon
Mrs. Emily W. Taft Charles Potter
Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Elizabeth R. Bishop
Myron F. Converse Mrs. Bertha G. Denny
H. Ward Moore William E. Morey
Mrs. Ina E. Hassett Leslie E. Winter
Mrs. Florence E. Field Earl T. Harper
William B. Midgley William Todd
Allen W. Hixon, President S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
AUDITORS
Harry C. Midgley Harrison G. Taylor
JUDGES
Plants and Flowers: William B. Midgley, Worcester
Fruit:
Ykgetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester
MEDAL COMMITTEE
Allen W. Hixon, Chairman Myron F. Converse
S. Lothrop Davenport
ON WINTER MEETINGS Allen W. Hixon, Chairman Myron F. Converse S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Mrs. Florence C. Emory H. Sidney Vaughan
Earl T. Harper Harrison G. Taylor
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
ALLEN W. Hixox, President
President's Address
To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The men who organized this Society were intent on the devel- opment of the Art of Horticulture as expressed in their gardens which were of a goodly acreage, laid out and cultivated for the purpose of growing — according to approved methods — plants, flowers and an ample supply of vegetables, together with or- chards of pear trees, apples, and fruits of many varieties. Atten- tion was given to soil conditions and proper use thereof in connection with the foregoing activities.
This group of forward-looking citizens who established the Society in the year 1840 did so in order to promote this objective among the people of the community by means of lecture courses, classes, and exhibitions, all of which soon became matters of outstanding prominence while its social gatherings were events of much local interest.
The Town Hall was the center of the Society's work for a few years until a bequest in the will of one of the founders, Daniel Waldo, Esquire, enabled the Society to purchase the site on Front Street, which it still owns and which it occupied until twenty-five years ago, at which time the Elm Street location was purchased, and the Society's activities were moved thereto.
The work for which the organization was established has progressed and prospered throughout the years under many difficult and changing conditions. However, regardless of its many attainments, the door of opportunity for the further ad- vancement of horticulture always has been — now is — and ever will be — open for the work and accomplishments of this and succeeding generations.
Since our last annual meeting, the efforts of our members have been intelligently directed, as they always have been, to the maintenance of high standards which have been reflected in sundry ways, and the exhibitors have performed with assiduity their many responsibilities.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
7
The lectures arranged by the Committee on Winter Meetings met with the approval of the people who availed themselves of the privileges of the course, while the Annual Reunion, held April 8, was attended by an appreciative group of members and friends. The plans of the Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions were conducted successfully, resulting in a Spring Show in March and a Chrysanthemum Show in Novem- ber, both of which received high commendation from the judges and the hundreds of people who came and witnessed the exhi- bitions.
The Thursday shows which take place throughout the flower- ing season are a credit to the exhibitors who certainly should be complimented in a resume of things well done.
Mrs. Florence E. Field, our librarian, has performed with fidelity the many duties pertaining to her office, and, in addition, has rendered invaluable service in the executive department.
Mr. Archibald J. Huey has completed twenty years of faithful service as the superintendent of the building and the appur- tenances thereto.
The class in flower arrangements, tutored by Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick, has produced evidence in abundance of the benefits derived therefrom. Also worthy of mention are the children's exhibits and the growing interest of this junior group.
Meetings at times have been held with many of the exhibitors and the results warrant their becoming an established practice.
Recently grievous losses have entered our circle in the passing to the Great Beyond of Mr. Leonard C. Midgley, a former secre- tary and ex-president; Mrs. Homer Gage and Mr. Albert H. Inman, both vice-presidents; Mr. Myron S. Wheeler and Mr. Andrew W. Love, trustees. Mr. Midgley 's services to the Society were referred to last year at the time of his retirement from official duties. Mrs. Gage's constant interest in horticul- ture and all that pertains thereto was evidenced in her many exhibits which enhanced the work in which we are engaged. Mr. Inman, a man known for his business sagacity and civic interest, was one whose memory is among those which will be ever cherished. Mr. Love was our faithful and competent judge of fruits, while Mr. Wheeler's exhibits in the fruit department were widely and favorably known.
8 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
I am filled with emotion in submitting this my final message as your president, and I am taking this opportunity of expressing to you my appreciation of the privilege which you have accorded me of serving you in that capacity during these many years.
You may be assured that I am ever mindful of the friendship and trust which you and my associates of former years have confided in me.
Respectfully submitted,
Myron F. Converse, President
Worcester, Massachusetts December 2, 1948
Secretary's Report, 1948
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Winter Meetings
This year the Society presented the usual winter lectures starting on January 8 and running for eight weeks. These lec- tures covered a wide field of subjects and proved to be most interesting.
The first lecture was presented on Thursday afternoon, Janu- ary 8, by Helene Boll of Boston on "Color, Composition and Design of New England Gardens. " She showed many excellent pictures of some famous New England gardens, stressing the use of early and late flowers to extend the life of the garden. She explained that the type of the garden should fit the surround- ings, and that beauty in a garden can be obtained in many ways.
On January 15, Dr. Richard A. Howard, assistant curator of the New York Botanical Garden, gave his most interesting lec- ture on "A Naturalist in Florida." This lecture was well pre- sented to a capacity house which enjoyed the fine pictures of the fruits, flowers, tropical plants, and animals found in the jungles and Everglades of Florida.
On January 22, Mr. Austin F. Hawes, of Hartford, Conn., presented an entirely different lecture on "Trees of America." He stressed the important part which the forests played in the development of our country and showed some fine pictures of the outstanding trees from the hardwoods of New England to the giant trees of California.
On January 29, Dorothy Biddle, of Pleasantville, N. Y., Garden Club editor of the Flower Grower, gave a most interesting lecture on "Flower Arrangements," demonstrating as she went along various arrangements with the available flowers and foliage. These arrangements were well received by a most interested audience.
On February 5, Mr. Laurence L. Barber, of Arlington, Mass.,
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
gave an unusual lecture, showing in natural color, mushrooms and fungi found in our New England woods. He showed a great variety of mushrooms in various stages of growth, and stated that in the moulds alone there are about 50,000 varieties.
On February 12, Dr. Donald Wyman, of the Arnold Arbore- tum, Jamaica Plain, gave his illustrated lecture on the "History of Plant Introduction into the United States. " Even the early settlers before 1650 brought with them some of the native plants from their homelands. This has continued throughout the years until today, we do not realize that many of our common plants were introduced from some other country.
On February 19, the Mercys of Needham, Mass., who have appeared several times on our winter lecture programs, pre- sented their lecture, "Flower Portraits through the Seasons." This was an interesting educational lecture showing, in beautiful colored pictures, many of our new varieties of flowers, with pointers on their care and culture.
The last lecture of the series was given by Mr. Leonard Craske of Boston, on "Florida the Beautiful." This was an interesting lecture showing, with excellent colored slides, the many beautiful flowers found in Florida during the winter, and was a fitting climax to our 1948 series of lectures.
Annual Reunion
The 107th Annual Reunion of the Society was held on Thurs- day evening, April 8, 1948. Preceding the dinner a reception was held in the Library, which was decorated with jonquils and Easter lilies.
After the banquet, President Myron F. Converse gave a very interesting resume of the many famous men who had addressed the reunions during the past twenty-five years; then he intro- duced the guest speaker of the evening, Reverend John P. Fitzsimmons of Belmont. He gave a most entertaining and humorous talk entitled "Strange Tales from the East," giving his experiences during the war, on his way over, and while serving as chaplain with the Flying Tigers in India.
Following this address all adjourned to the auditorium and enjoyed a fine concert presented by the Mendelssohn Singers
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 11
under the direction of Arvid C. Anderson, with Mrs. Mabel Andersen Pearson as soloist.
The Dutch Elm Disease
W ith the spread of the Dutch elm disease throughout Massa- chusetts it seemed most important that we have a lecture on this disease. On Thursday evening, June 24, 1948, the Society gave an illustrated lecture on the Dutch elm disease, w.ith Professor Malcolm A. McKenzie, Research Professor of Botany, University of Massachusetts; Mr. John Chandler, Commissioner of Agriculture; and Dr. 0. N. Liming of the Federal Control Laboratory of East Orange, N. J., on the program.
With this lecture and in cooperation with the University of Massachusetts, specimens and literature on the Dutch elm disease were set up in the lobby at Horticultural Hall. This exhibition was there for some time and attracted considerable attention so that much information was distributed on the Dutch elm disease.
Flower Arrangement Workshop
The Society again for the fourth season offered a series of eight lectures, beginning June 10, on flower arrangement, under the supervision of Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick.
The classes were held Thursday afternoons and were well attended by a fine interested group. The course covered much of the same ground as previous classes and included work on arrangements for dining tables, exhibitions, and preparation of dried material for winter bouquets. As the work progressed many in the class exhibited their work upstairs which helped to improve the weekly shows.
Exhibitions 1948
Again this year we have had more new exhibitors and many of our exhibitors have shown a marked improvement, especially in the flower classes. We are still in need of more fruit and vegetable exhibitors.
The Spring Show opened our exhibition season on March 11- 14, with a very attractive and colorful show. The main hall
12 WORCESTER CpUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
as well as the west hall and lobby were well filled with flowering shrubs, spring bulbs, etc.
On May 13, we started the regular weekly shows with five cut flower displays, an excellent display of spring bulbs, five lots of pansies, twelve flower arrangements, eleven table decorations, besides some fruit and a fair display of vegetables.
During the year, both the large and small cut flower displays were excellent and added a great deal to the shows. Also the many standards and baskets of cut flowers helped a great deal to round out the exhibits.
Some of the most popular flower calls during the year were, table decorations, arrangement of dried material, pair of mantel vases, vases on a mirror, flower arrangements, metal container with flowers, flower arrangements for living room, etc. The most popular classes in the vegetable calls were the market baskets and the various vegetable displays; in the fruit classes the 49 of apples and the displays were the most popular.
There were some outstanding displays during the year. On July 8 the stage was filled with excellent delphinium; on July 29, August 5 and 12, we had splendid showings of gladioli and on August 26 a fine named variety of 200 varieties. From July 17 through October 7, we had excellent weekly showings of roses, often with 150 named varieties of excellent quality, and I would recommend that the Society should grant an award of merit for such a remarkable weekly showing.
Wild flower classes were well filled during the year with many excellent specimens.
On November 11 through the 14th, the exhibition season was closed with an excellent Chrysanthemum Show, in spite of the loss of one of our best exhibitors, and credit should be given to all of those who helped to make this an outstanding show. The main and west halls as well as the lobby were well filled with excellent chrysanthemums of many kinds. We also had some fine baskets and vases of mums downstairs and the largest and best display of commercial mums that we have had for years.
W7e had a fine showing of vegetables and an excellent display of fruit. A new feature this year was the two displays of apples, one twenty-five new varieties and the other twenty-five of the old varieties which attracted considerable attention. Another
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 13
new attraction was the excellent display of native nuts which received a great deal of attention.
Although the season was not too favorable for the best pro- duction of fruit, flowers, and vegetables, we had each week excellent shows, well up to the standard of previous years.
Children's Exhibitions
This year we again had six children's exhibitions beginning July 22 and ending August 26, with premiums for both the senior and junior groups.
These shows were held in the west hall on Thursday after- noons as a part of the regular shows.
The senior classes were not too well filled during the season, but they did show some excellent material. The junior classes were very well filled almost every week.
The most popular classes again this year were the wild flower calls and flowers on a mirror.
This year, thanks to the supervisor in the children's depart- ment, much better order was maintained, not only with the material exhibited, but with the exhibitors, which was a great improvement.
Respectfully submitted,
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
December 2, 1948
Treasurer's Report
For the Year Ended December 1, 1948
STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES
Income
Rentals: Hall $969.00
Stores 45,000.00 $45,969.00
Permanent Funds:
Membership Fund. . $108.98
Bigelow Fund 16.50
Blake Fund 55.00
Coulson Fund 26.50
Dewey Fund 20.10
Draper Fund 7.00
Eames Fund 16.00
Had wen Fund 18.00
Morse Fund 18.00
286.08
Membership Dues 180.00
Interest Earned:
Permanent Funds. . $144.51
Investments 253.54 597.85
Educational Program (Banquet
Tickets) 272.50
Federal Taxes Withheld 495.70
Telephone Tolls 1.12
Cash Balance, December 1, 1947 . . 454.61
Total $48,056.86
Expenditures
Library
Periodicals
Publications
Educational Program
Premiums 1948:
Regular $8,526.25
Special 50.00
Children's 287.55
Bigelow Fund 16.50
Blake Fund 55.00
Coulson Fund 26.50
Draper Fund 7.00
Eames Fund 16.00
Had wen Fund 18.00
Morse Fund 18.00
9,
Expense :
Exhibitions $650.71
Office 712.67
Operating 653.55
Miscellaneous 755.35 2,
Maintenance:
Furniture and Fix- tures $519.66
Real Estate 1,205.62
Salaries
Interest on Mortgage
Interest Added to Permanent
Funds
Interest Added to Investments . . .
Insurance
Light, Heat, and Water
Janitor Service
Transfer to Membership Fund . . .
Federal Taxes Withheld
Payment of Temporary Note .... Payment of Balance of Mortgage
Note
Cash Balance, December 1, 1948. .
Total
$48,056.86
STATEMENT OF GAINS AND LOSSES
Gains
bended Balance of Appro-
ation for Children's Exhibits. $12.45
me from Permanent Funds.. 28b. 08
ibership Fees 180.C0
Lis 45,969.00
I $46,447.55
Losses
Appropriations $15,000.00
Excess or Premiums Paid over
Appropriation 26.25
Excess of Salaries over Appropria- tion 58.00
Premiums from Special Funds and
Permanent Funds 207.00
Depreciation 958.76
Expense Account 2,731.16
Insurance 874.01
Interest 202.65
Janitor Service 5,802.20
Light, Heat and Water 1,755.03
Maintenance 1,725.28
Periodicals 90.15
Publications 1,628.00
Educational Program 1,227.01
$28,283.50
Net Gain to Surplus 18,164.03
$46,447.53
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Assets Permanent Funds Invested: People's Savings Bank
Hadwen Fund $1,085.75
Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank (Income)
Bigelow Fund : . . 71.53
Draper Fund 368.01
Eames Fund 507.70
Morse Fund 520.55
Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank
Blake Fund 1,071.53
Dewey Fund 1,000.00
Mc William Fund 256.27
Worcester County Inst, for Savings
Coulson Fund 1,023.29
U. S. Series G Bond 2V2%
Bigelow Fund 1,000.00
Investments:
Wor. Co. Inst, for
Savings $4,240.92
Wor. Five Cents
Savings 4,384.45
Wor. Mech. Savings
Bank 4,243.35
Total Investments. . $12,868.70 Membership Fund:
Worcester County and Worces- ter Five Cents Savings 5,580.00
Furniture and Fixtures 15,925.50
Library 1,087.24
Real Estate 500,000.00
Petty Cash 50.00
Deposit: Worcester County Trust
Co 75.79
Total Assets
Liabilities
Bigelow Fund:
Principal $1,000.0(
Interest 71.5'
Blake Fund:
Principal 1.000.0C
Interest 71.5c
Coulson Fund:
Principal l,000.0f
Interest 23.29!
Dewey Fund :
Principal 1,000.0C
Draper Fund:
Principal 300.0C
Interest 68.01
Eames Fund:
Principal 500.00
Interest 7.70
Hadwen Fund:
Principal 1,000.00
Interest 85.75
Mc William Fund:
Principal 200.00
Interest 56.27
Morse Fund:
Principal 500.00
Interest 20.55
Federal Taxes Withheld 70.9C
$6,795.51
Surplus :
December 1, 1947. .$517,352.30 Gain to December,
1948 18,164.03
$535,516.33|
Total Liabilities and Surplus. . $542,491.84
$542,491.84
Respectfully submitted,
B. W. Greenwood, Treasurer
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 17
AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATE
We have caused an audit of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society to he made for the year ended December 1, 1948, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved.
Respectfully submitted, Harry C. Midgley, Harrison G. Taylor,
Auditors
Worcester, Massachusetts December 2, lcMs
I have made an examination of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society for the year ended December 1, 1948. In my opinion, the accompanying Balance Sheet, Statement of Income and Expenses with Surplus correctly set forth the financial condition of the Society as of December 1, 1948, and the results of its operations as of that date.
Adah B. Johnson, Auditor
Worcester, Massachusetts December 2, 1948
Librarian's Report
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The activities of the Library have progressed along the usual lines with an appreciative increase in the circulation and also in number of readers in the Library.
The work of our Library is not limited to just our own mem- bers, but reaches out to those in our community interested in horticulture. For example, through the efforts of our esteemed fruit judge, the late Andrew W. Love, head of the Agricultural Department of North High School until the time of his death, many of his classes visited our weekly exhibitions, became acquainted with the Library, and used many of our books. We also have some students from Clark University and Holy Cross College and many Garden Club readers.
The workshop classes have greatly augmented the circulation of books. Many requests for the same book after one of their meetings have caused it to be necessary to have duplicates of them ost popular flower arrangement books.
An important addition to our Library this year has been the purchase of a very fine edition of a twelve-volume set of Luther Burbank's works. We owned an eight-volume edition which was not allowed to go out of the Library; the purchase of the new set will allow the old one to go into circulation.
Other Library accessions for the year 1948:
Ingram, Van Wie, Practical Field Crop Production jor the Northeast, 1947.
McFarland, J. Horace, Roses of the World in Color, 1947.
Wister, John C, Woman's Home Companion Garden Book, 1947.
Piatt, Rutherford, Our Flowering World, 1947.
Rockwell and Grayson, Flower Arrangement, 1947.
Bailey, S. H. and E. Z., Hortus Second, 1947.
Mueller, Charles H., Bulbs jor Beauty, 1947.
Rayner, M. C, Trees and Toadstools, 1947.
O'Neal, Cora M., Flower Arrangements oj the Americas, 1947.
Scott, Ernest and Aleita, Chrysanthemums jor Pleasure, 1947.
Krauss, Helen K., Begonias jor American Homes and Gardens, 1947.
20 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
Burbank, Luther, The Harvest oj the Years, 1927. Pellett, Frank C, American Honey Plants, 1947.
Avery, Johnson, Addonis and Thomas, Hormones and Horticulture, 1947.
Wilson, Helen Van Pelt, African Violets, 1947.
American Iris Society, Iris, An Ideal Hardy Perennial, 1947.
Wherry, Edgar T., Wild Flower Guide, 1947.
King, Eleanor, Plants oj the Holy Scriptures, 1941.
Allen, R. C. Roses jor Every Garden, 1948.
Crocker, William, Growth oj Plants, 1948.
Southwick, Lawrence, Dwarf Fruit Trees, 1948.
Daubenmire, R. F., Plants and Environment, 1947.
Foote, Harriet R., Jlrs. Foote's Rose Book, 1948.
Blasdale, Walter C, Primula, 1948.
Wherry, Edgar T., Guide to Eastern Ferns, 1948.
Watkins, John V., A-B-C oj Orchid Growing, 1948.
Kains, M. G., Gardening jor Young People, 1941.
Delphinium Year Book, 1947.
American Rose Annual, 1948.
Hcrhertia, 1947. Year book devoted to the Amaryllids, Publication of the American Plant Life Society, 1947.
Bulletins from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.; Cornell University Experiment Station; Arnold Arboretum; and the Quarterly Bulle- tins from The American Iris and The New England Gladiolus Society.
We have received and acknowledged a gift from the library of Mr. Hugh Smiley, Henniker, N. H., of The Harvest oj the Years, by Luther Burbank, also a bulletin from the University of California on Luther Burbank's Plant Contributions, by W. L. Howard.
The regular work of binding and filing has been kept up to date, and the Library tables are always equipped with the usual carefully selected collection of horticultural periodicals.
Respectfully submitted,
Florence E. Field, Librarian
December 2, 1948
Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
We soon forget a season of numerous snowstorms and winter hardships when we enter the main hall of our beautiful building and view the spring flowering bulbs and shrubs, arranged in lovely garden settings. They say "y°u cannot improve on nature " but I really believe our exhibitors, creators of pictures in living plants, have shown that this statement might be dis- proved. The main hall and the adjoining room to the west were the setting for the garden displays, with their well grown mate- rial, well groomed grass plots and garden walks. The plant displays and carnation exhibits in the lower halls were of fine quality and well worthy of mention.
The May Exhibition, though not one of our largest shows, was very creditable. The cut flower displays were nicely ar- ranged, the pansy class very competitive and flower arrangement and table decoration classes, which give your judge a few trou- bled moments at times, commendable. The two latter groups have become very popular with the smaller growers and com- petition at some of the summer shows is most keen when flowers become more plentiful.
In June, German iris becomes one of our most colorful early summer flowers. In displays, standards, baskets, and table centerpieces, they are always effective. Peonies seemed more plentiful than in the previous year and of better quality.
The cut flower displays, as the summer progressed, were very fine and showed that the exhibitors were giving much thought to culture and to arrangement when setting up their stands of blooms each week. The rose displays were exceptional, some being shown all through the summer season. One exhibitor had well over one hundred varieties at each showing.
Then came the delphinium in the various hues, from the dark blues through the lavender shades to white, all most desirable,
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 23
grouped by themselves or combined with roses or lilies in stand- ards and baskets.
Sweet peas, Japanese iris, tuberous-rooted begonias, regal lilies, hemerocallis were shown in goodly numbers when sched- uled.
The gladiolus is truly one of our most indispensable flowers. There were many fine specimens shown in the displays, stand- ards, baskets, table decorations, and vase arrangements.
Lupine, sweet william, aquilegia, centaurea, petunia, peren- nial phlox, larkspur, salpiglosis and others of the less popular flowers were exhibited to advantage in bowl and display arrange- ments. Asters were of better quality this year and some of the dahlias were very fine.
Gloxinias, not seen in such profusion often, were exhibited by one of our members of long standing.
Marigolds, one of our old standbys, though difficult to com- bine with other flowers, were shown in masses and afforded a splash of color.
Some of the standards and baskets were nicely done, in fact very outstanding, while others fell far short, lacking in color harmony and artistic arrangement.
It amazed me to see what could be done with grasses, berries, leaves, and other dried materials. The exhibitors assembled some very unique as well as artistic arrangements.
The juniors and seniors showed a marked improvement in exhibiting their flowers. A kindly word of advice on cultural instruction might be helpful from time to time.
When we realize the Chrysanthemum Show is upon us we know the end of another growing season is near at hand. We shall soon be sending for new seed catalogs, planning for the year to come, thumbing the pages for new varieties and retaining many of the reliable sorts.
The Chrysanthemum Show, this year, was truly lovely and again the visitors would say, "Finest show yet," which is an indication that our exhibitors are always striving for something better. The garden displays were exceptionally fine, the arrange- ment of the gardens, the quality and variety of the plants, outstanding. The exhibits of pom-poms, anemone and single types were of high quality.
24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
Mr. Charles Potter and Mr. Samuel Goddard assisted again at the Spring Exhibition, Prof. Harold E. White at the Fall Exhibition.
I have appreciated the kind cooperation of the officers, mem- bers and exhibitors throughout the 1948 season.
Respectfully submitted,
William B. Midgley, Judge of Plants and Flowers
December 2, 1948
Report of Judge of Fruit
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
In this my report as Judge of Fruit, a position I was asked to fill because of the death of the duly elected judge, Mr. Andrew \Y. Love, I will endeavor to bring to your attention what I consider to have been the exhibits which were outstanding both in quality and quantity, some that were below standard in these respects, and also some of the reasons why all were not up to par.
Some of the reasons for many exhibits not being up to standard was the damage done to the trees, vines, and canes by the long, very cold winter and the cold, wet spring which destroyed many fruit buds entirely and prevented the proper pollinization of the blossoms, and also prevented the proper spraying or dusting.
At the March Exhibition there were some excellent displays, 49s and single plates of apples, several baskets and miscellaneous groups.
Comparatively little fruit of any kind was shown at the May and June exhibitions. Strawberries were very late in ripening this year. Not many were shown at the first calls. I think, however, that there were more strawberries shown this year than there were last year at this time and that their quality was better. Some exceptionally fine strawberries were shown by Mr. Everett C. Nash, especially of the Catskill variety. This variety, I believe, is the best and most profitable now grown in this locality.
Not the usual number of exhibits of cherries, currants, goose- berries, raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries were shown this year. Some very fine currants, raspberries, gooseberries, and cultivated blueberries were shown by Mr. S. Lothrop Daven- port and cultivated blueberries by Mr. Fritz 0. Carlson.
Grapes were not very plentiful at the earlier calls. Later in the season some plates were shown of very fine clusters by
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 27
Mr. Davenport and Mr. Nash. The displays of grapes on September 25 were excellent, especially those of Mr. Davenport and Mr. Xash.
Early apples, pears, and peaches were not very abundant and the quality only fair in most cases. Pears were noticeably lacking in number of exhibits, in many instances there being only three or four exhibits instead of the ten or fifteen exhibits we have had in such varieties as Bartlett, Seckel and Bosc.
As in the case of the early apples, we have not had as many exhibits of the fall and winter apples as usual. The standard boxes of apples, the flats and calls for 49s and 25s have had only a few and in some cases no entries. What we did have were of good quality. The collections and single plates have been excellent as a rule.
At the November Show there were many exhibits ol fine quality. There were six entries in the 50 square foot class, four of which were very fine. The 49s also were excellent, and the baskets of apples and the one of pears were first class.
The fruit display by Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport was one to attract much attention and favorable comment.
An exhibit of native edible nuts was both interesting and in- structive. There were several* plates of chestnuts, butternuts, black walnuts, and hickory nuts shown.
I was ably assisted in the judging of the fruit at the March and November shows by Prof. W ilbur H. Theis of the University of Massachusetts.
Respectfully submitted,
H. Ward Moore, Judge of Fruit
December 2, 1948
Report of Judge of Vegetables
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Another year of the exhibitions in our Society has passed and the time has now come to review the successes and failures we have had, to strive to improve the former and to correct the latter.
Among the hardest conditions the gardener has to contend with are the weather and the plant diseases and insect pests. The former he can do little about, but plant diseases and insect pests can be controlled to a greater or less degree by the judicious use of fungicides and insecticides.
At the Spring Exhibition in March there were very few vege- tables shown, one collection and several single plates of potatoes, onions, carrots, and beets.
Comparatively few vegetables of any variety were shown during May, June, and early July. The exhibits of rhubarb, asparagus, onions, and lettuce were the leading ones.
The displays of vegetables by the commercial growers and from the home gardens have been very good in quality and well arranged.
The market baskets have been a very important contribution to the attractiveness of our exhibits. They drew much favorable comment from the patrons of exhibitions.
The exhibitions of edible mushrooms on August 12 and Sep- tember 2 were the best we have had for several years. The number of specimens in each was unusually large, the quality fine, and the arrangement of each exhibit excellent. An added feature to the show this year was an exhibit of inedible and poisonous mushrooms, all clearly labelled with name and distin- guishing characteristics that indicate that they are poisonous or inedible. These were exhibited by Mrs. George E. Comstock.
In September there were some good displays of tomatoes, peppers, and squashes. Not many potatoes were shown during
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
29
the weekly shows, but at the November Show there were many fine specimens shown in each of the five classes called for.
Some of the classes in which only very few exhibits were shown were sweet corn, cauliflower, celery, and squashes. There w ere only two very small exhibits of gourds and no dried beans.
During July and August, six children's exhibitions were held. As in the case of the adults these exhibits were not as numerous nor of as good quality as usual in many cases, yet I think they made very good showings considering the season.
In the year ahead we shall try to get more of the young people interested in this department for upon them depends the con- tinuation of our Society.
Respectfully submitted,
H. Ward Moore, Judge of J^egclables
December 2. 1948
Report of the Finance Committee
To the Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The duties of the year for members of this Committee have been of the usual routine character which consists mainly of maintenance of the property and to see that the Society is com- fortably financed and housed.
A state law recently enacted required the installation of safety bolts on each window of the building for the protection of win- dow washers, and that provision has been complied with. Re- decoration, as needed, has been done in and about the several apartments of the building. A sixteen millimeter sound moving picture projector has been installed and is serving a useful purpose.
In accordance with a custom long since established, your Committee recommends an appropriation this year in the amount of seventeen thousand dollars be made at this time to provide a budget to be used in such manner as the trustees may designate.
The members of this Committee have given much thought to the faithful service which iMr. Archibald J. Huey has rendered to the Society during the past twenty years, and which we hope will continue for many years to come. We recommend that action as follows be taken at this meeting, namely:
That authority be granted to the Finance Committee with power to act providing for the establishment of a Retirement Fund for the benefit of the superintendent and custodian of the buildings, grounds, and other property and equipment of the W orcester County Horticultural Society.
Respectfully submitted,
Myron F. Converse Harry Harrison Malcolm C. Midcley
Finance Committee
Worcester, Massachusetts December 2, 1948
5n jWemorp of Jilabel ¬ole£ (gage
Ralph Waldo Emerson has said, "The only way to have a friend is to be one."
The death of Mabel Knowles Gage on May 16, 1948, brought to each member of the Worcester County Horticultural Society a deep sense of personal loss.
Mrs. Gage became a member of this Society in 1917, a trustee December 5, 1917, and a vice-president December 1, 1926.
She often said that she loved friends and flowers above all else. Her homes were centers for her friends, and her hospitality was so genuine that no one could forget it. The flower-filled rooms and Iristhorpe gardens were enjoyed by hosts.
What attractive displays her contributions were to this Soci- ety's Spring and Fall Exhibitions!
When one considers the events of the past years, one can realize that during the years of war and depression such con- tributions gave much background to the exhibits in which she took such a special interest.
We all feel that it was given to her to bring to this Society a rare generosity and friendliness.
Resolved that this memorial be placed on the records of this Society and that a copy be sent by our secretary to Mrs. Gage's sister.
Respectfully submitted,
Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr.
3ln fflzmovp of 9(bert 1$. 3Jnman
Albert H. Inman was born in Worcester, June 30, 1868.
The eighty years of his life were spent in Worcester and Worcester County.
For over fifty years, he was an active partner in the firm of Pratt & Inman.
He was of service to his fellowmen in the City Government, the School Committee, president of Young Men's Christian Association, and was first president of Worcester Chamber of Commerce.
A quarter of a century ago, he acquired a farm in Princeton, Mass., which he operated successfully.
Always interested in agriculture and horticulture, he became a member, in 1924, of Worcester County Horticultural Society and during his life his interest never wavered.
Every flower show and every lecture was to his mind well worth attending.
In 1939, he was elected vice-president, and served as vice- president and member of the Winter Program Committee until his death. He passed away at his farm in Princeton, August 22, 1948.
From his bedroom window, during his last illness, his eyes rested on the land that he loved and the stonewall with large flat rocks where he, when a boy, had chiseled his initials.
The members of this organization join the host of men and women who mourn the passing of Albert H. Inman.
Therefore, be it resolved that the memorial be placed in the records of the Society and that a copy be sent to his family.
Respectfully submitted,
Ernest P. Bennett
3n JWemorp of
jWpron Wjeeler
lleonarb €. dftltbglep
It seems most fitting that we should pause in reverence to pay our deepest respect to members of our Society who this year have completed their tasks on earth and have answered the call from above.
They have ever been helpful, each in their way, in serving our Society and making our exhibits most outstanding that others might enjoy the fruits of their labors.
Andrew W. Love, of Auburn, joined our Society in 1944. He was always interested in agriculture, a graduate of the Univer- sity of Massachusetts, specializing in horticulture. He operated a farm in Auburn, growing many varieties of small fruits and peaches. He was keenly interested in new and better varieties of fruits and enjoyed exhibiting them in an educational way. He always gave freely of his time and energy to all agricultural problems, profiting little himself but helping to improve the lot of his fellow farmers.
For some time he served as instructor in the Agricultural Department of the North High School teaching his classes in the fundamentals of agriculture and training them to excel in judging.
It was, therefore, only natural that in 1944 he was chosen to serve as Judge of Fruit for our Society, which position he filled with good judgment and justice to all. He also served on our board of trustees and on the Committee of Arrangements and Exhibitions.
* * *
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 35
Myron S. Wheeler of Berlin joined our Society in 1930. He was born and lived in the country and from early childhood was a great lover of nature; in fact, he was a born naturalist. He was greatly interested in wild flowers and at an early age he learned to identify them and knew where they all grew and soon became an authority on wild flowers.
He developed and operated a forty-acre fruit farm which included about forty varieties of apples besides other fruits. It was only natural that he should become one of our consistent exhibitors of fruit for his mother and father were frequent exhibi- tors at our shows for years. He began exhibiting about 1907 and for forty years he was a regular exhibitor. During the recent years, he had shown not only the greatest number of plates of fruits, but the largest number of varieties of apples and had taken the greatest number of prizes for fruits. His exhibits of fruit have many times made our fruit shows, and he and his exhibits will be greatly missed. He was not only an exhibitor but he also served as a trustee of our Society since 1935.
* * *
Leonard C. Midgley joined our Society in 1896. Early in life he became interested in flowers and built and operated some of the first greenhouses in this section growing flowers.
He was always keenly interested in the Worcester County Horticultural Society, and for over forty years he took a most active part in the affairs of the Society. He served on the Board of Trustees from 1904 to 1912, and on the Committee on Arrange- ments and Exhibitions in 1906, Nomenclature and Medal Com- mittees in 1910 and on the Winter Meetings Committee from 1920 to 1948. He not only was interested in the exhibits of the Society, but was also interested in finances, and served on that committee from 1912 to 1945.
. In 1930 he served as Judge of Flowers and from 1910 to 1915 he was secretary of the Society and then in 1920 he was elected
36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
president and served for two years. His many years of faithful service show his great love for the Society, to which he gave unselfishly that others might also enjoy the work of the Society.
Therefore, be it resolved that a copy of these resolutions be placed in the records of the Society and a copy sent to the families.
Respectfully submitted,
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
December 2, 1948
Color, Composition, and Design of New England Gardens
Illustrated Lecture
Helene Boll, Boston, Mass.
January 8, 1948
Beauty is given us that we may lend our minds to the more joyous and truthful aspects of life. Beauty is joy; joy is beauty is just as true as the familiar "beauty is truth, truth beauty." The ugly, the sordid, the mean, and the cruel are diametrically opposed to beauty and cannot exist in its presence. Within each member of the human race dwells the desire to express beauty, and by this same expression he unconsciously helps his fellowmen.
A keen sense of beauty born in the poet and the painter, plus a lifetime of study, enables him to give lasting beauty to the world, but we can all cultivate seeds in small plots and find that the growth of seeds brings blossoms to the soul, as well as to the soil. A garden has the potential power to raise the spirit of mankind, and may be the salvation of the human race. If we could all spend one-third of our waking hours planning and cultivating gardens, discord would soon end and harmony begin. One way of keeping one's senses under the strain of war was to plant a backyard garden. In England, after the stress of an all-night bombing, men kept their sanity by puttering around in their tiny gardens.
In education, political organizations, even the church, discord creeps in, but there is none in a garden which develops the spiritual quality of a human being. "I never knew thee, Lord, until my garden brought us face to face."
As each garden is limited and bounded by the horticultural limitations of the season, so the beauty and form are influenced by the psychological processes of the planter. No two people react to the same stimuli in the same way, and thus gardens
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 39
differ as infinitely as the individuals who plant them. A garden is a spiritual force, a mental and spiritual creation, which satis- fies the need for expression and execution latent in all people. In a successful garden, there is present a nice sense of "spotting, " a good balance between the essentials and unessentials, exactly as in a well-lived life, there is the same balance of values and nice choice of human relationships. There are the same niceties in life as in art, and they are based on the same rules of per- fection.
A garden possesses either color, composition, or design — - hence, beauty.
No one deliberately plans an ugly design or color scheme, but strives to express his highest concept of beauty in its execu- tion. From a spiritual standpoint, design is order as opposed to chaos. Composition is a combination of the parts of a work of art to form a harmonious whole. Beauty has a universal appeal, be it found in a lovely sunset, poem, or garden, and that beauty is achieved either by composition, design, or beautiful colors. Many gardeners say, "I had no particular plan or design/' yet they achieve beauty by a riot of color.
Some gardens are formal, some informal; some small, some large; some planned and some "just growed" like Topsy. All express the personality of the gardener. "As is the gardener, so is the garden/'
A simple garden should surround a house of simple archi- tecture. Marigolds, zinnias, bachelor's buttons, petunias, and pansies form a constant procession of color in a garden of this type. Alexander Cummings chrysanthemums developed from the Korean chrysanthemum extend the blooming season by several weeks, stand the frost well, and are most satisfactory in either the single or double variety.
It is a good idea to vary the colors with the height of the flowers. The element of surprise is good. A splash of color new and unexpected, delights the heart as well as the eye of the beholder. "To my heart came the sound of a high clear note" expresses the reaction of happening on new and unexpected beauty. Color can do much to create pure joy. It is used in hospitals for the care of certain diseases and the use will become
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41
more widespread. "When the world is too much with us/' color, whether from music or flowers, becomes a refuge.
Frank Lloyd Wright says, "The design must grow from the locality." With gardens near the sea or mountains, the eye must be drawn beyond the garden itself to the awe-inspiring beauty in the background. The garden must be subordinate to the view, but in keeping with it.
We have found that too large an expanse of smooth lawn brings weariness unless something is done to draw the eye away. We have reacted to make lawn and gardens what they are today. Trees never fail to touch the imagination and hold the interest. Variation of height as well as variation of color gives drastic interest. All are parts of a work of art, blended to form a harmonious whole.
Webster defines a garden as "A piece of ground used for the cultivation of herbs, fruits and flowers." At present there is a tremendous enthusiasm for herb gardens. The composition of most is rather uninteresting to the layman because little atten- tion is paid to design, but with careful planning it is quite pos- sible to attain beauty along with the more utilitarian aspects of such a garden.
I want to show you pictures of a few famous gardens noted for some particular excellence. That of Daniel Chester French attains beauty through simplicity. It is built on simple, straight, but colorful rectangular lines framed by hedges.
The Lydian Pinkham garden uses repetition of curves as a design, these curves admirably fitted to the shape of house and land. The placing of the wickets gives us the occult balance as opposed to formal balance, and the colors of the flowerbeds blend with the sea.
The Edith Wharton garden emphasizes soft green and white, so that the eye may travel through the hedges to the distant hills and sky. She was wise to omit brilliant colors which would be out of harmony in the cathedral-like setting.
At Clara Endicott Sears' in Harvard, architectural balance unifies the vast scenic area of her location. The house and garden are insignificant in comparison with the panorama. Her space timing and use of relative values — subjecting the unimportant to the important — is masterly. The rhythmic
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curve of the gardens is carried out by columns, with beautiful effects of light and shade produced by the angles caused by the break in the stonewall.
Dorothy Canlield Fisher allows no alien taste to enter her planting, so does her own. She crusades valiantly for the re- forestation of Vermont, and has planted 10,000 pines in memory of her father. She uses wild flowers and rustic backgrounds in an attempt to carry out the tradition of the early settlers of that rugged state.
The Edsel Ford garden at Seal Harbor is built on rocks sur- rounded by woods. He was wise to keep simple bits of color subordinate to the grandeur of the sea beyond.
Dr. Walter Damrosch has a green garden with a high fountain giving rhythmic beauty. He has said, "I have music even in my garden and I hope some day to weave it into melody." The pattern of serenity here, the sky, the sea, the trees, and hedges, speaks more eloquently than words of beauty as the inherent part of all strong forces.
James Russell Lowell said, "What income have we not had from flowers, and how unfailing the dividends of the seasons." No avocation affords more spiritual regeneration than gardening, nor brings more quiet joy to the gardener.
Naturalist in Florida
Illustrated Lecture Dr. Richard A. Howard, New York, N. Y. January 15, 1948
Men have always been interested in studying the vegetation of a locale unfamiliar to them. As far back as the fifteenth century, when Columbus was exploring the Caribbean Islands, he wrote a detailed description of a strange tree which caused the death of men who ate the fruit, and an edema in those who lay in its shade. This tree was probably the poison beach plum. A little later Ponce de Leon, son of a noble Spanish family, became governor of Santa Domingo. He was an intelligent man and kept a diary containing many interesting agricultural ob- servations. He explored Puerto Rico, the fantastic Bimini (the western sandbar of the Bahamas), and went on to Florida, where he found his fabulous "Fountain of Youth" in St. Augus- tine. In this same diary, he described the territory now com- prising the Everglades National Park.
Florida, as we know it, has been chiefly developed during and after the World War I. The state may be divided roughly into four parts: the southern or tropical section; the east coast, which also has tropical plants and animals; the northeast coast, where we find the sand dunes with their fascinating plants; and the central portion, along the St. Johns River basin.
iMany people think of the Everglades as large jungles, but they are not; they are just marshy swampland with marsh grass and sedges, dotted with hummocks which are spots where coral reefs once were. A large part of the Everglades consists of mangrove swamps. This mangrove tree is an important land reclaimer and builder. It is sometimes called the tree that walks, because it takes root in one place, then puts forth a root a little further over, until it forms a progressive chain. These roots catch debris and mud which soon form a soft soil. A mature mangrove swamp is a dense and impenetrable jungle, most diffi-
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 45
cult to travel through. The mangrove cannot compete in fresh water, but flourishes in shallow salt-water lagoons, where there is little tide variation.
The animal life of the Everglades is interesting. The tree snails found there do not reproduce rapidly and do not travel far. There are many varieties. They should be protected, since they are animals without defense. We find many alligators here, varying from small ones suitable for a home aquarium to vicious ones six or more feet in length. The alligator's teeth protrude over the lower jaw, while this characteristic is reversed in the crocodile. The alligator's ears have an interesting peculi- arity. They are situated under a Hap of skin and this flap closes down tightly when the animal is under water. Their hearing is acute.
We also find in these mangrove swamps some of the largest oyster beds ever seen. The oysters attach themselves to the mangrove roots and multiply to the extent that they are killed off by their very numbers, forcing themselves out of a home.
In the clear salt water of the shallow lagoons, we find jelly fish, trigger fish, and the spiny lobster. The latter is very brightly colored, its body is covered with spines, and it has no pincers on the fore part of the body. It is defenseless, other than its spines, and is in a constant state of retreat. The hermit crab has no hard shell to its tail portion, and as it grows looks about for a larger shell which will protect this vulnerable part. The three plants most characteristic of the tropics are the banana, the coconut, and fig. - The banana is reproduced by rhizomes, subterranean stems which send shoots up from the upper side and roots down from the lower. The flower is produced in the ground and crawls up through the center of the trunk and then hangs free. The number of "hands" is genetically controlled. The coconut palm has long, feathery leaves which are very sturdy. The smaller fruit, the liquid of which is best for drink- ing, grow toward the tops of the trees. Coconuts should always be picked from the tree if they are to be eaten. The fig is a strangling plant, which depends on another tree for support until it is well established. The plant is an epiphyte, dependent only for support, as opposed to a parasite, which depends on the support plant for nourishment. The Benjamin fig is common in
46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
southern Florida, and the Golden fig is a smaller variety which grows wild and makes delicious eating.
During the war, men were taught how to live in jungles and on sand bars — that is, how to obtain water and recognize edible plants — by training in Florida. Fresh water may be obtained by digging only six to eighteen inches below the surface, and edible plants are plentiful. Sea oats are the panic grass of the tropics. The seeds are large, resemble wild rice, and are eaten in place of the same. The fruit of the night blooming cereus is about the size of a grapefruit, with a flavor of watermelon and raspberry. The bud of the cabbage palm is edible, though the tree must be decapitated to get at it.
The papaya fruit is somewhat like a melon. The juice of this fruit contains papain, a pepsinlike digestive enzyme, which is available on the market and is used for tenderizing meat and in "Caroid" toothpaste.
The cashew nut belongs to the same family as the poison ivy ; thus, the harvesters must use great care. The cashew apple is a peculiar fruit which has the flavor of a lemon with the texture of an apple.
An unusual fruit is the ice cream fruit, which belongs to the milkweed family. It has a milky juice similar to the milk- weed, but has an edible fruit.
Captain Bly, the botanical explorer made famous by "Mutiny on the Bounty, " sailed to the Caribbean with roots of the bread fruit tree, with expectations of using this fruit for food. How- ever, this fruit must be eaten at one particular stage, or it causes violent illness.
An unusual but inedible plant is the "lipstick" plant. The pulp of the seeds is bright red, and in ancient times was used for war paint by the Indians of the Orinoco and Amazon valleys. This pigment is now used in margarine coloring.
The sapodilla plant has an edible gritty fruit which is the source of chicle, the basis of chewing gum. The ceiba treepods are the source of our kapoc of commerce.
Other less unusual plants, which are, nevertheless, very orna- mental, are the carissa, a hedge plant whose flowers are as aromatic as the gardenia; the ordinary castor oil bean, wh ich
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
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has very beautiful seed pods; and the oleander, a very beautiful plant whose milky juice is extremely poisonous.
A beautiful tree is the roseapple, a member of the eucalyptus family, the flowers of which are a mass of stamens. The Bougain- villia vine, named for the French count, is magnificent in its hues of lavender, orange, and red, and grows profusely. It has a three-part flower and belongs to the buckwheat family. The bigonia, or flame-vine, almost takes over the landscape. The bottle-brush vine is a newcomer and very handsome.
Titusville, on the eastern coast of Central Florida, is the center of the shrimp industry. The shrimp's head which is almost a mass of sharp spines, is removed and the tail muscle is the part which we eat. Here, also we find large numbers of squid, similar to the octopus, and sand sharks. The tail portion of the shark makes good eating and the meat is often substituted for scallops.
Several years ago a circus went broke in Florida and released what animals it had. Among them was the armadillo, which has multiplied in great numbers and spread over a large portion of the state. They are destructive in that they eat the eggs of birds which nest on the ground, but their meat is good to eat and easy to get at.
This portion of Florida probably has more snakes than any other comparable area. The poisonous coral snake might be called subterranean, in that it lurks under leaves and in humus. It is easy to identify by its black nose tip.
The St. Johns River basin is a swampy and marshy area with a very heavy rainfall. It is used as a grazing area for some of Florida's largest herds.
The pitcher plant, with its intricate system of "traps" for insects, is found in this section and also the water hyacinth. This hyacinth is a native of Brazil. It floats on a leaf base, and while beautiful to look at, spreads so rapidly that it soon hampers navigation.
Trees of America
Illustrated Lecture Austin F. Hawes, Hartford, Conn. January 22, 1948
We are inclined to take our trees too much for granted. It is only when we travel in the treeless wastes of the desert or experi- ence a catastrophe such as a hurricane, or the destruction of trees by pests, that we realize our indebtedness to trees and the society of trees known as forests.
Trees have played a very important role in the history of our country. One of Columbus' objectives in his explorations was the procurement of spices. We are told that before the Pilgrims landed, a load of sassafras bark, the nearest approach to spices, was shipped from our shores to England. The Pilgrims utilized our forests, not only for shelter and warmth, but in paying off, by shipping forest products back to England, the debts incurred in their expedition. In fact, Great Britain valued her colonies more for ship timbers than for anything else.
Now the beauty and recreational value of our forests are important to us, as well as the more utilitarian value.
The very earliest homes were made of bark. Later, under the Scandinavian influence, the log house was introduced in America. A comparatively few years afterwards, the pioneers began building their beautiful colonial houses, using the great wealth of the American forests coupled with the knowledge of architecture brought from England. The little red schoolhouses, the churches and the town halls, the civic centers of the com- munities were also products of our forests.
The famous covered bridges of New England were built a little later when men had begun to realize that our forests were fast becoming depleted. Far from being built for picturesque beauty, these covers were built for the purpose of protecting the huge "stringers" which form the foundation of the bridge.
Wood products have also played an important part in trans-
50 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
portation, beginning with the earliest dugout canoes, the ships which brought our ancestors here, and the wagons which carried the pioneers across the land down to railroad cars and wooden railroad ties of our railroads.
There are 410,000 miles of track in this country laid on wooden ties, since no substitute has been devised which has the holding qualities of wood.
A big factor in the educational work of the country was the discovery, about seventy years ago, that cheap paper can be made from wood pulp. We use about ten million tons of wood pulp every year in turning out the seventeen billion newspapers and three billion magazines which are printed annually.
The lumbering industry grew rapidly after the Civil War with the building of railroads and the growth of cities. The forests of the East were pretty well depleted by this time, so lumbering operations moved west through the Lake states, the southern pine forests and finally to the Northwest. The peak of the industry came about 1907, with the production of forty billion board feet per year. Since then, substitutes have been gradually relieving the drain on the forests. But new uses are found for wood. Veneer and plywood are being used more and more. A plywood, put together with special glue, has been developed which has great strength, is light in weight, and is used in the building of airplanes.
The first efforts to save the forests was in the administration of President John Ouincy Adams and was aimed at prolonging the supply of wood for naval ships; but it was not until seventy- five years later, in 1891, that the first effective legislation for the preservation of forests was passed. Under this law President Benjamin Harrison set aside large areas of the public domain as forest preserves, and Grover Cleveland and Theodore Roose- velt furthered the work until we now have 162 million acres of national forests, most of which are in the West. The Weeks law, passed in 1911, provided for buying national forests in the East and we now have large national forests in the White and Green Mountains.
Another movement has been the establishment of our twenty- eight national parks, embracing nine million acres, to preserve the scenery and provide enjoyment and leisure for the people.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 51
As a result of the stimulus of the National Government, in- dividual states have purchased large areas for the creation of state forests and parks. In the development of recreational areas, the monotony of hardwood forests needs the relief of evergreen plantings, shrubs, and flowers, especially near the roads. Flowering dogwood, laurel, and rhododendron lend them- selves to this use. The picnic facilities of these parks cannot be developed fast enough to supply the demand, and are always crowded on pleasant summer days. Trailer camps are popular in some sections thought not so much in New England as in the West.
Forests serve many purposes. Of course timber production is paramount. The early settlers were vitally interested in procur- ing fuel wood. A cutting of fuel wood was made about every twenty years; but it takes seventy-five years to produce a crop of pine lumber and one hundred years for hardwood lumber. This period is called the "rotation." We also need forests for the protection of our water supplies.
Forests slow the "run-off" of rain and melting snow in the spring. The floods in New England in the late thirties were partly caused by lack of forestation. Forests also play an im- portant part in preventing soil erosion, holding the soil on the slopes.
Denuded slopes wash away rapidly. Forests are also necessary for the preservation of wild life. Game birds such as partridge, rabbits, etc., live in restricted areas and need shelter in the form of evergreen cover and berry-bearing shrubs for a food supply.
The management of such a forest is somewhat different from a timber-producing or a protection forest. Fire protection is one of the important branches of forestry.
In New England, we have three types of forest fires: (1) sur- face fire, which burns the underbrush, fifteen or twenty feet high; (2) ground fire, which burns deep in the soil; (3) crown fire, which roars through the tops of trees, especially in evergreen forests. The last is the most difficult to control and was char- acteristic of the serious fires in iMaine in the fall of 1947. We now have improved methods of fire fighting, and lookout towers with radio equipment have been established throughout the
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White or Paper Birch, Paugnut State Forest
United States, but the fact that twenty-one million acres were burned over in 1946 proves that the forest fire problem is far from solved.
Forests must also be protected against pests such as the gypsy moth and other insects. The airplane and a new spray with a DDT base have partially solved this problem so far as leaf-eating insects are concerned, but the spruce-bud worm and bronze birch borer cannot be controlled in this way.
Forests engineering, the building of roads, trails, and bridges, is another important branch of forestry. We must have good roads to facilitate the removal of mature trees. A fair proportion in New England is one mile of road to 500 acres of forest.
We find that forests follow a certain well-defined cycle of reproduction. Trees growing from light seeds and those having seed easily carried by birds come first. These include the birch
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 53
and poplar which gradually die out. The hemlocks and pines return slowly and gradually grow up through the hardwoods. In the pine forests, the shelter wood system of reproduction is most practicable whereby a preliminary cutting is made to stimulate the production of seed. When the land is covered with young trees, a final cutting is made to remove all the old trees. Fortunately the pines destroyed by the hurricane of 1938 were full of seed and the forest is returning in many places.
A trained forester will weed and thin his forest like a garden, taking out the poorer trees and leaving the better. It is quite possible to have a mixed planting, like Norway pine and spruce, the spruce being taken out gradually for Christmas trees. In a "pure" forest, where trees are all of one species, the marketing problem is simple, but there is more danger from disease than in forests composed of several species. In a mixed forest, there is less danger of all trees being killed by the same disease.
The pines are the most important tree family in the world for timber, resin, tar, etc. The wood is fine grained, well adapted for many purposes.
Spruce, larch, fir, and hemlock are closely related and are also very important. Among the hardwoods, the sugar maple is used for sugar and lumber. It is a very ornamental tree, espe- cially for the note of color which it adds to the fall landscape.
Many trees have been cut to make heels for women's shoes, rollers for textile mills, and for wood turning.
The wood of the red maple is not as valuable, but it grows well in our swamps. The white or paper birch is a species dis- tributed clear across the country, in Canada and even to Alaska. Its wood is used chiefly for turning, and for handles and spools. Oak is one of our largest genera. There are 500 species of oak in the world, sixty-one in the United States. The white oak is the most valuable, though the red is also important in New England. Hickory is a valuable wood for use in tool handles. The sour gum has a tough wood used for hubs of wagons and for boxes and baskets. Basswood is a light wood used for furni- ture. The staghorn sumac, only a shrub in New England, grows as a tree in the South. The bark is used as a source of tannin.
All species of dogwood produce a heavy wood in demand for golf sticks, shuttles, etc.
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One of our ornamental trees, the lumber of which is not so valuable, is the willow. Ash lumber is in great demend for its bending quality.
Characteristic trees of the desert are the Joshua tree, so named by the Mormons who imagined it was beckoning them on to the Promised Land. This tree is not a cactus, but a member of the lily family. Farther south is the saguaro or giant cactus, fifty or sixty feet in height, a tree capable of storing as much as a ton of water in a heavy shower. In California, the very decora- tive acacia, a native of Africa, is used extensively as an orna- mental tree and many species of the rapidly growing eucalyptus are used ornamentally and as windbreaks. The famous giant sequoias are the largest in the world, sometimes growing to a height of 380 feet and forty feet in diameter, attaining the in- credible age of 3800 years.
Flower Arrangements
Demonstrated with Living Plant Material Mrs. Dorothy Biddle, Pleasantville, N. Y. January 29, 1948
In winter flower arrangements, it is necessary to "take what we have and make the most of it," for we all buy flowers with a degree of restraint in that season. Thus, we must give a bit more thought to our arrangements than we do in summer, when we have an abundance of material with which to work. Evergreens, especially hemlock, may be used with just a few blossoms to give a most effective decoration. In fact, a bunch of carrots may serve very nicely and then can be economically used in a stew later.
There are for this season two types of arrangements: (1) the naturalistic, the more lush use which suggests the way the flowers grow; (2) the stylized, a not so lush, but somewhat more severe and restrained use.
The controls or mechanics of flower arrangements, i.e., holders, etc., are very important. The old saying, "A poor workman blames his tools," should perhaps be adapted to "A good work- man has good tools," but surely adequate tools are necessary. They need not be expensive, but must be suited to your needs. A variety of sizes and types of containers and holders, floral clay (sometimes melted paraffin may be used) and scotch tape are indispensable. Let me say a word here about holders. Invariably we use too large a needlepoint holder, and it becomes a real problem to conceal it. A holder need not necessarily be entirely concealed, but should be sufficiently inconspicuous so that one must search to find it. In attempting to conceal the holder, a mound of stones, moss, etc., often makes the very hiding conspicuous and shows conscious effort in the conceal- ment. I find glass gravel very satisfactory. It is not stiff and geometric in shape, but looks like shaved ice in the water. The
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prime requisite of the whole undertaking is that you relax while making an arrangement and really enjoy doing it.
An unwritten rule governing dinner table decorations is that they should be low enough so that people seated opposite may see and converse with each other. The contemporary trend is toward work of very low sweep, using flowers and foliage hori- zontally. However, neither flowers nor foliage should actually rest on the brim of the container. Every stem should go in the same way to give a sweeping sideways line, and the weight should be rather heavy at the start of the design to offset and hold down the arrangement. We have outgrown many of the inhibitions about relative size, height, number, etc., and now feel that the height of an arrangement does not matter if there is a sufficient amount of weight to keep it down. The use of a number of flower forms is more interesting than a single form. Of course, a dinner table arrangement must look well from all sides. (Mrs. Biddle executed a stunning low arrangement as she talked, using gladioli and daffodils with blueberry foliage.)
A decoration for a hall table need not be "finished " all the way around unless there is a mirror behind it. In using flowers in a naturalistic arrangement, we must be sure that the rela- tionship of flower and foliage is correct. Thus, in using daffodils, we must be sure that the heads of the flowers are higher than the foliage.
The higher the flower and the further from the center it is, the heavier it looks. Therefore, if we have much weight above, we must have more weight below. In the arrangement of daffo- dils presented, two kinds of leaves were used for that very purpose. The daffodil foliage does not give enough weight to balance the height, but a large leaf, correctly placed, pulls down the height and gives balance. If is often helpful to hold plant material behind the decoration to see if it gives the desired effect. (Executed decoration for hall table consisting of a few daffodils and green leaves in yellow container.)
A tall arrangement often needs a certain background, such as a tray or tilt-leaf table to set it off. A brim control which hangs over the edge of the container and "dragonfly arms" to guide the plant material are most helpful in a tall arrangement. (A
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very striking arrangement of lemon foliage and gladioli, using a modified Hogarth curve.)
The question of accessories arises with the use of a tall arrange- ment. There are many points of view, ranging from the "never use " of one authority to the "must use" of another. Personally, I think the accessory has its place, for one would rarely clear everything from a table just because one was placing flowers on it.
The crescent is one of the easiest of stylized arrangements to execute. Tipping the holder is an aid in this execution and it is sometimes helpful to use an independent needlepoint holder, securely anchored just where you want it. The first pieces put in establish the height and width, and it is desirable to have the brightest color in the center. Modern china should be used with a heavy arrangement such as a crescent, since old-fashioned line china would be entirely out of place. (A beautiful crescent of snapdragons and gladioli ranging in color from deep crimson to white.)
Many of the forms of our flower arrangements were determined by the history of the period. Thus, the nosegay originated in middle Europe in the days when sanitary limitations demanded that a sweet-smelling bouquet be carried in the hand. The nosegay was originally very small, but later grew larger in size. There are two ways to make a nosegay: (1) begin at the outside with the leaves and work in, or (2) begin at the inside with one central flower, and work out. A hairpin holder is an aid in this type of an arrangement. The nosegay lasts a long time and may be used effectively on an after-dinner coffee table, at a card-table luncheon or, best of all, on the dressing table of a guest room. (A lovely nosegay of white tulip, heather, snap- dragon and ivy leaves.)
The center of interest in a flower arrangement is a place toward which the eyes are drawn by the lines of the composi- tion, not a single flower as many people mistakenly think. You should never use blue or purple to accent the center of interest, as they are receding colors and appear further away. Iris loses its lovely quality in artificial lighting and becomes rather un- interesting. In a branching arrangement of snapdragons, heather, iris, gladioli, tulips, and narcissus, a container half filled with
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sand and topped by a hairpin holder is very satisfactory. When weight is needed, the petals of the tulip can be reversed without injuring the flower itself or its effectiveness.
The final simple arrangement of calla lilies, using its own flower and foliage, called for a definite background. The heavy leaves were placed low for weight. There should be no crossing of stems, not because of a fixed rule, but because crossed stems cause an undesirable accent. The dragonfly holder proved indispensable to hold the material in the exact spot desired.
(All arrangements were on display following the lecture, and Mrs. Biddle graciously answered questions and offered sugges- tions to interested listeners.)
Mushrooms and Fungi of New England Woods
Illustrated Lecture Laurence L. Barber, Arlington, Mass. February 5, 1948
It is always good to have a hobby, and two are preferable. Then one can hammer the first on the anvil while his interest heats up the forge for the second! W ith two hobbies, one can be constantly poor and always happy.
Photographing everyday Nature with a color camera is one of my hobbies, and I became interested in photographing mush- rooms and fungi by observing a most unusual mushroom which sprang up overnight near my summer home on the Vermont- Canadian border. We find certain organic and inorganic life growing among fallen leaves and on sapless wood, some edible and others inedible. Needless to say, it is most important to be able to differentiate between the twol We speak of the "mushroom growth" of cities to designate an artificial and extremely rapid growth. A mushroom will spring up overnight, and in a period of a few short hours not only grow to large proportions, but change drastically in color and shape. There is a tremendous interest in fungi at present, especially in the moulds (of which 40,000 to 50,000 varieties have so far been tabulated) with the discovery of penicillin.
For a few moments, share with me briefly some everyday scenes in New England which we sometimes fail to appreciate due to their familiarity. On a spring day, the Public Garden, in the heart of the city of Boston, with its beautiful beds of tulips, some varigated, some of a single variety, is so utterly springlike that it brings great joy to the multitudes of people who pass through it each day.
The display of forsythia in the Arnold Arboretum is said to be one of the finest in the United States. Entire hillsides are one
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vivid mass of color. Cherry trees, dogwood, and azaleas blossom magnificently in that great park. From the tenth to the fifteenth of May, the azaleas are the most gorgeous things anywhere to be found.
As a matter of historical interest, I want to show you the Fairbanks House in Dedham, the oldest house standing in the United States. The timbers and window frames were brought from England in 1633-34, and the ells were added in 1660-70, as the "in-laws" of the family began to multiply.
The Whittier homestead is one of my favorites, and each winter, when the snow lies white and still, I like to revisit the old kitchen-living room and reread Whittier's "Snowbound."
I like, also, to visit the Captain's Well. The captain, a native of Amesbury, was shipwrecked on the coast of Arabia and attacked by savage tribesmen. In his pain and thirst, he dreamed of home, and when he actually returned, he had a well dug beside a public street so that any passer-by might not suffer from thirst as he had suffered.
Newfound Lake in New Hampshire is very difficult to photo- graph. There is always haze, or the mountains are hidden in fog and mist. But one day last June, when I was passing by, there it was in all its summertime glory and I was able to photo- graph the lake in its beauty.
Going on up toward Moosilauke, we ran across a reminder of old New England, a deserted mill, one hundred and twenty-five years old, eloquent in its ruin. We can picture the days when the houses and the general store comprising the little settlement were built one by one. It had its day and ceased to be. Now we have only the ruins to remind us of what once was.
I wish tourists might see the Flume of Franconia Notch under ideal conditions, instead of in the summertime when the stream is reduced to a feeble trickle. Late in April and early in May, when tulips are in full glory in Massachusetts, winter's icy grip is still on the Flume and we see it in its full beauty, "touched with a light which has no name. "
The Old Man of the Mountains is the most remarkable land- scape item in all the New England area. No photographic tour would be complete without a picture of this scenic wonder silhouetted against the cloud-flecked sky. It is a question in my mind whether the northern New England mountains or the
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01
clouds that crown them are the more beautiful. "The heavens above" and the "earth beneath" are about equally beautiful.
The road through West Burke and Barton, Vermont, going north to the Canadian boundary is fascinating. A thirteen-mile stretch is entirely uninhabited, and the road, winding between majestic conifers, beckons us on.
The hills surrounding Crystal Lake, near the Canadian border, form the watershed between the Connecticut River Valley and the St. Lawrence, the two great waterways of northern New Eng- land. Many Massachusetts people have summer homes here. It is a never-ending miracle to me that though the ice does not go out of the lake until about May 1, by the middle of June beautiful flowers, like bleeding heart, are in full bloom.
It was here at our summer home that I first attempted to photograph fungi. The rapid growth and change of a mushroom is illustrated by pictures taken several hours apart. In twenty- four hours the original mushroom is hardly recognizable.
There are so many types of puff balls that they are a field of study in and of themselves. Some cling to the sides of trees like the white birch; some travel along old, decaying logs; some around sunken logs. While we were studying a great mass of fungi, the height varied a matter of inches — it was a living, throbbing, moving thing. The fungi spring up, have short life, and pass from the scene. What is the exact origin, animal or vegetable? It is a question for the scientists. Out of decaying life, new life is springing. To see a puff ball growing out of decaying wood is to ponder the question of immortality. Does anything really die?
The formation of these fungi is really remarkable, with the intricate ridges and fretwork, and great convex and concave bowls. Some are of rare color and have a scallop formation like a lily. Some are like a pineapple in form. Some are waxy, and some almost gelatinous in substance, clinging to old bits of decaying wood, from which the sap has gone, or almost hidden by decaying leaves and mould.
All these wonders of Nature remind us that man's efforts are weak and puny, and it remains for the Master Artist, with a touch of his brush, to change our world into a place of beauty.
(Mr. Barber explained this his lecture had been misnamed, since the photographs of fungi were only incidental in his pic- torial tour of New England.)
History of Plant Introduction into the United States
Illustrated Lecture Dr. Donald Wyman, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts February 12, 1948
The first people who came to this country from Europe were primarily interested in hacking a livelihood from the forest. The climate was new; the amount of snow and rainfall was new; the topography, plant and animal life, all was unfamiliar. Naturally, the first settlers brought a few little things to the new land with them. Thus we find new plants introduced by settlers prior to 1650. The economic plants, such as apples, pears and plums came first because the fruits were a valuable addition to the food supply. The Spaniards probably were the first to bring the peach and the common apple, which has since been hybrid- ized into hundreds of varieties. Later, as the struggle for existence became less acute, and homes became more beautiful, we find ornamental plants such as the boxwood being introduced. The dwarf boxwood is always associated with early colonial gardens and seems to exemplify the background of the American colonial dwelling.
At Williamsburg and Mt. Vernon we find beautiful formal designs of boxwood and clipped juniper.
We term a plant "naturalized'' if it likes the climate and the seeds are distributed by birds and people so that it grows extensively. Most of us think the lilac must be native because we see so many of them, but it was introduced from China, Japan, and Europe and has merely become naturalized. After years and years of hybridization of the old-fashioned lilac with other varieties, we have hundreds of varieties of lilacs growing in our gardens today.
The common barberry, Berberis vulgaris, with its large ter- minal clusters of berries, and the European snowball were early
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shrubs in Europe. The English roses are wild native roses to be proud of. English yew, also native of Europe, was a very early comer to our shores.
After 1650 the settlers had learned how to live here, trade had started, and people had more leisure in which to turn to gardening.
John Bartrum of Philadelphia was a famous plant explorer who traveled up and down the eastern part of the country look- ing for herbs and medicinal plants. He sent a large collection of these to England and eventually became botanist for King George III, which gave him a great deal of prestige. He also collected reptiles, lizards, snakes' and birds' eggs so that the mother country might become acquainted with our fauna as well as flora.
In early colonial times, nurserymen began to expand. The Prince Nursery on Long Island introduced into this country the cedar of Lebanon, the purple beech, of which we now have sev- eral varieties; Asiatic magnolias (English sailing vessels brought us a few via England); the smokebush, akin to sumac; the golden chain tree; Scotch laburnum, with flowers somewhat like wisteria; and the Rose of Sharron, of which we have many today, both single and double.
William Hamilton, of Philadelphia, introduced the ginkgo, a splendid Asiatic plant, prior to 1800.
After the Revolution, people were more interested in botanical matters, and, beginning with the Lewis and Clark expedition, plants native to the Pacific Coast were discovered, notably the bearberry on the sandy, dry slopes of the coast.
Meehan of Philadelphia introduced the red-flowered dogwood, and Elwanger and Barry of Rochester, N. Y., the weeping cherry in 1852. This was the first of the Japanese cherries. In the 1850's, Dr. George Hall went to China to practice medicine and sent many plants back to the United States. Among them was the climbing hydrangea. Unlike the bittersweet, which chokes the tree or branch on which it twines, the hydrangea climbs by means of rootlike holdfasts in a straight line, twines slowly and does not constrict.
Mr. Parkman, a historian in Boston, introduced the star magnolia, which does very well in New England, with none equal
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The Torch Azalea
to it in autumn color. He also developed the Parkman crab, a semi-double crabapple.
Thomas Hogg, United States consul in Japan, had a brother who was a nurseryman in New York. To him, Hogg sent the sweet autumn clematis and the beautyberry (Symplocos pani- culata ).
A Frenchman named Victor Lemoine was much interested in hybridizing, i.e., the crossing of one plant with another. Several deutzias, the mock orange, and many garden perennials are among the hundreds of plants today traceable to him.
In 1872 the Arnold Arboretum was established with Charles Sprague Sargent as the first director, who was interested in getting more and more plants from foreign countries. Here were introduced the Asiatic crabapples, the torch azalea, the I most brilliant of all Asiatic plants introduced into the country, and the Korean azalea with double flowers. Japanese and
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Chinese dogwoods were introduced and also three witch hazels: (1) the Japanese, (2) a native of the lower Mississippi Valley, (3) the Chinese which has large flowers and is very fragrant. The Arboretum is proud of its many varieties of crabapples. The Bob White crab is an unusual variety, where the fruit remains on the plant in winter as food for the birds. The tea crab is unique in shape and has long branches covered with flowers.
E. H. Wilson introduced several of the evergreen barberries from the Orient and the beauty bush, which is almost as common in American nurseries now as the Japanese barberry.
Dr. Fairchild of the U. S. Department of Agriculture intro- duced many Japanese cherries and the city of Tokyo gave an extensive collection to the city of Washington, D. C.
We have as many as forty varieties of the Japanese quince, some hybridized, and many different colors. The royal azalea also comes from Japan. A splendid wild rose, the under stock of hybrid teas and perpetuals that you buy, is the Japanese rose. The double flowering almond and double viburnum are also Japanese.
The War of the Roses, according to English history, was a hundred-year feud between the Houses of Lancaster and York, whose talismans were respectively a red and a white rose. One day a unique rose was found, with alternate streaks of red and white, signifying the union of the two Houses, which actually took place when the daughter of one married the son of the other.
The Scotch rose is more widely distributed around the world than any other. It is native in Ireland, Europe, Asia, and the United States.
Issabella Preston of the Ottawa Experiment Station experi- mented with crossing lilacs and obtained a new lilac hybrid, now named Syringa Prestoniae, which blooms about the middle of June, fully two weeks after ours have passed their prime. Several varieties of these are now available.
The Adams nursery in Springfield bought seedlings of burning bush from France. One plant differed from the others, being dwarf and compact in form, and now this dwarf burning-bush is available in this country and makes a perfect lazy-man's hedge because it needs to be trimmed only once every other year.
New plants are continually coming into our gardens as a result of hybridization. For years there has been a great deal
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of interest in crossing azaleas until we now have a long list of hybrids, some of which, notably the Ghent types, are hardy as far north as central Maine. New plants are frequently found wild in this country.
In 1870, it was noted that in an old hedge row was growing a flowering crab which had double flowers. This was propa- gated and became the Betchel's flowering crab. Many years later, in a Rochester park an unusual crab grew along the road- side lor fifteen years without anyone giving it particular attention. It has a double flower two inches in diameter, fifty petals, and is now popularly known as the "Katherine " crab.
Some few plants, native of this country, were thought of wilue to be introduced into Europe centuries ago. We hear of poison ivy as early as 1536, when plants were taken back to Europe as a curiosity. There are also the Virginia creeper, trumpet creeper, winterberry , bittersweet, clematis, flowering dogwood, and the red and sugar maples, all of which were intro- duced into Europe from America.
We have spoken chiefly of eastern plants, but there are an equally large number of plants on the Pacific coast which have interesting histories. There are many Asiatic plants growing there now about which we know little since they have only been recently introduced. Seattle has the best climate in North America for rhododendrons, and they have literally hundreds of species growing there. The redwoods of the Pacific coast grow to tremendous size in the West, but do not do well in the East.
In this discussion we have only mentioned deciduous plants which have been introduced into this country, or been found here growing wild, or been new hybrids.
We could start all over again with discussions of narrow and broad-leaved evergreens, so great is our present wealth of plant material.
If we are observant and look for variations, we may find new plants of merit even when looking at seedlings. All too often the variation escapes our eye. However, we want good plants as well as new ones, for novelty alone has no enduring value, hence we can aid horticulture by watching our plants carefully and noting any new or interesting variations which may appear in our gardens.
Flower Portraits Through the Season
Illustrated Lecture THE MERRYS, Xeedham, Massachusetts February 19, 1948
The real flower lover has difficulty in deciding just exactly what his favorite flower is. He adores the brave snowdrop making its way through the snow in February, he marvels at the wonderful quality of the petals of the daffodil, is fascinated at the glamor ot the ins, and so on, but to choose one particular flower lor his favorite is almost impossible.
However, there are certain flowers in which you are more interested than others tor their manner of growth, their possibili- ties in hybridizing, or their use as a cut flower. This afternoon we are going to stress iris. hemerocalhs, and chrysanthemums, but we will complete the season with other plant material.
The latter part ot April we find the ethereal bloodroot, san- guinaria Canadensis, which is a member ot the poppy family. Used as a ground cover tor shrubbery, it is a delight to the eye at this season.
Shortly thereafter the daffodils, narcissi, appear. Right now in February the florists are selling so-called "jonquils," which are not jonquils, but trumpet narcissi. Narcissus is the botanical name, daffodil the common name; and they are divided into eleven classes according to the length of the trumpet and the form of the flower. Of these classes, one class is the jonquil, represented by "jonquilla simplex," a very small, intensely fragrant yellow flower, with rush-like foliage, which grows about eight inches tall, and its hybrids. These are the only narcissus that can rightfully be called "jonquils." A picture never to be forgotten is a naturalized planting of thousands of daffodils in an old pasture, comprising four acres, through which run two brooks. Started as an experiment over twenty years ago, this planting with over 100,000 daffodils of over 200 varieties has
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become a panorama of almost unbelievable beauty. From the thousands of varieties in commerce, just a few to be recom- mended are: Hades, Geranium, Actaea, Croesus, John Evelyn, Expectation, Diana Kasner, and the species bulbocodium con- spicuous, triandrous albus; and citrinus.
At about the same time appears the dodecatheon, or wild cyclamen, sometimes called the shooting star. It is quite easily grown and is propagated from seeds, which are planted as soon as they are ripe.
The vergenia crassifolia, erroneously called the leather leaf saxifrage, has evergreen foliage and early in the spring sends forth a beautiful spike of delicate pink flowers; it makes a charm- ing accent in the rock garden.
Cyprepedium pubescens, or the yellow lady's-slipper, one of the many wild orchids native to this country, is easily grown also and is effective in a setting duplicating its natural habitat.
Tulips are a delight in the spring. Few sights are more striking than a tulip border at its height of bloom, planted in front of shrubs such as various flowering crab apples, hybrid lilacs, and the double flowering peach.
In a formal garden with the Japanese flowering cherries as a background against a high brick wall, a long reflecting pool is the chief point of interest. Along its coping may be placed pot plants, such as geraniums, fuchsias, or heliotropes.
The iris season begins in May with the advent of such species as iris cristata, gracilipes, and graminea, but the tall bearded iris, which flower from late May to mid- June, are the most popu- lar of the classes of iris, and are most often used in perennial borders. From the thousands of varieties of wide color range only a few can be mentioned here. Stella polaris is a very fine blue-white, of good form, with firm well-domed standards, and fine flaring falls. Melitza, flesh pink in the bud, but paler when in full bloom, is the forerunner of the new "pinks" with the tangerine beards. Sundust is a stunning yellow. St. Joseph and Athala, French iris, are beautiful plicatas. By plicata, we mean an iris with a white or pale yellow ground color overlaid with lavender, purple, or maroon stitching or stippling. Helen iMacGregor, hybridized by Dr. Graves of Concord, N. H., is an
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outstanding light blue, which grows beautifully, multiplies rap- idly, and has wonderful substance. A combination of Caroline Burr, a cream colored iris, with Violet Symphony, violet in color, is most effective. Lake George is a new medium blue. Sable, dark blue purple in color, is a general favorite. Master Charles, red purple in color, with a slight tinge of copper at the haft, is also well liked; it has splendid form and substance. It is easy to see why Brown Thrasher is so named, since it is a lovely, soft brown, distinctly resembling the color of the bird. Lady Mohr is a distinct break in color, with its pale bluish lavender stand- ards and chartreuse falls. It grows well and is firm and crisp in substance. The specialist looks first at the form and sub- stance of an iris and last at the color; I am inclined to look at the color first and the form and substance later. If the color is not pleasing to me, I do not want the iris, regardless of its perfections otherwise.
For flower arrangement Dorothy K. Williamson with its dark blue purple color is most attractive. Instead of being stiff in form like the bearded iris, this species is more delicate and the stem is inclined to curve. It blooms just a little later than the tall bearded iris.
Iris should be divided about every three years. They should be dug after blooming, the sooner the better, in order to get a good start for the next season. The fans must be separated and planted shallow. It is best to dig a hole deep enough to take the roots; put the roots in, fill the soil in around them, then pull the plant up so that the top of the rhizome is just level with the surface, and firm in, so that there are no air pockets.
Sometimes the rhizomes are infested with the iris borer. The borer starts from the moth, which flies around in the fall and lays its eggs in the shrubbery near the iris; in the spring when the eggs hatch, the small borer will crawl as far as twenty feet to the iris fan. Their presence may be detected by the trans- parent effect on the leaves. Squeezing the leaf between the fingers generally finishes the borer when it is small; later more drastic methods are needed. Too badly infected fans should be thrown away and burned; but sometimes the infected parts may be cut out, and the remainder planted. Dusting with a combi- nation of DDT, rotenone, and fermate in early April and at
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 73
frequent intervals thereafter until blooming time is most effective.
Oriental poppies bloom at the same time the iris are in flower and may now be had in many shades of pink, maroon, white, and rose, which is a distinct improvement over the brick red color which clashed with everything in the border.
Late June and early July bring the roses. Lily Pons is a beauti- ful ivory; Break of Day, extremely double in flesh pink and a prolific bloomer throughout the season; Pink Princess a most attractive pink. These three are all the Brownell sub-zero hybrid teas, which are hardy to 20° below zero. A rose garden, large or small, is a beautiful thing. Heliotropes planted with your roses as a border or standard plants for accents, make a delightful combination both from the point of view of color and fragrance.
Alter the roses, come the delphinium in all the gorgeous shades of blue and violet. Nothing is lovelier in a perennial garden than these great spikes of color, sometimes growing six to eight teet tall. Combined with regal and condidum lilies, long-spurred aquilegia and heuchera, the delphinium show to great advantage. 1 he long-spurred aquilegia are in distinct contrast to the non- spurred aquilegia glandulosa vera, so blue in color, which blooms much earlier in the season.
The hemerocallis, or day lily, with its many species and varie- ties, blooms from June until frost. Formerly all we had was the hemerocallis (lava, or lemon day lily, of June, and the II. fulva, or tawny day lily, of August; but now with the dis- covery of the many new species, including the famous Fulva Rosea, true pink in color, we run the gamut of yellow, orange, bull, pink, maroon up to purple. Varieties to be recommended arc Rosalie, a real old rose; Shangri-La, a pure orange; Mellow Moon, a sott orange with a frosty sheen; Kashmir, a fiery red; and Imperial Red, a bloom red. Hemerocallis means beauty lor a day, since one blossom lasts but one day; however each plant has so many buds a well-established clump will stay in bloom for several weeks.
The hemerocallis opens early in the morning and closes around sunset; but there are varieties which open late in the afternoon and remain open until mid-morning of the next day. These we call "evening bloomers"; they are very fragrant and are to be
74 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
recommended for dinner table arrangements. One such variety is Evening Light, a lovely pale yellow.
Hemerocallis grow and flourish without too much care. So far no disease has attacked them, and the only insect known to infect them at all is the thrips, which is easily eliminated with the same dusting solution used on the iris. They increase rapidly and should be separated every three years. If you let the clumps grow too large, you will have to use an axe to separate them. When the clumps are dug, immerse them in a pail of water for a while, then the plants will come apart readily. To get a good start for the next season, they should be transplanted as soon as the flowers go by. In the period of late July and early August, when the lush beauty of June has gone, the perennial border may become bright again with these gay glowers.
The small-flowered dahlia is growing to be more desirable, especially with the flower arrangers, than the huge varieties. To be recommended are Golden Gem, a yellow; Royalty, orchid in color; Symphonia, a single scarlet, and Lenda Hanks, a beauti- ful maroon.
The gladiolus is called the most popular florist flower; they are most useful and economical for home decoration, since they last so long. Although they grow best planted in nursery rows; they can be planted in the perennial border.
With October come the chrysanthemums; there are early varieties that bloom in September, but the wealth of bloom is in mid-October. To get the best results with these flowers, they should be separated every spring, allowing just one sprig for a plant. Pinch the tip out of every four inches of growth until the first of July to get good bushy plants. They should be fed regularly with a good commercial fertilizer; watered well, espe- cially in a dry season; and kept cultivated.
Of the varieties in white, White Avalanche is one of the earliest; it is fairly large, shaggy, and very satisfactory. Morning Star is a small white, and Mrs. T. Riley a very beautiful large white. This latter is an English variety which has come to us by the way of Canada. All of the English varieties are very late in blooming and are difficult to grow, because they are so late. Surrounding them with a frame in order to cover them with heavy cloth every night a frost threatens is the only way to bring them into bloom.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 75
Madonna Lily Bearded Iris
Of the yellows, Klondike Gold is a good small firm pompon; Yellow Avalanche is similar in form to White Avalanche, and Yellow Spoon is very delicate in form and makes most delightful flower arrangements. Formerly found only in greenhouse varie- ties, the spoon type, with its spoon-shaped petals, has now been produced in a hardy strain, and is available in white, orchid, and red. Mrs. Pierre S. DuPont, III, is a beautiful apricot, as are Oliver Longland and Sam Rotan. Carnival is a new red, with a yellow reverse. Pink Radiance is a beautiful, strong glowing pink; Carnation Rose, a charming small rose flower, carnation in form. Lavender Lady is a good old stand-by of lavender on the pink side. Chippewa, one of the earliest to bloom, remains in flower for a long period; it is orchid to those who like it, magenta to those who do not care for it. There is such a variety of form and color in the chrysanthemums that it is possible to plant the perennial border with stunning color effects for your fall bloom. They need to be heavily protected in the winter; it is even better to heel them in the cold frame to be sure they will survive the winter, but they are worth all the trouble.
The anemone japonica is one of our beautiful late flowering perennials that has to be planted in a protected place to survive. The flowers are very delicate and beautiful and may be found
76 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
single and double in both white and pink. Anemone japonica alba is the most charming variety.
With the end of the fall, our flowering season is still not over; we have the Christmas rose, helleborous niger, which blooms up to the Christmas season. They are not roses at all, but belong to the ranunculaceae, or buttercup family, and for best results really need to be grown in a cold frame so that they can be covered at night. In the summer, it is best to protect them from the hot sun so that the foliage does not get burned, but they, too, are worth the extra care. What a thrill to pick flowers from your own garden for your Christmas centerpiece!
Florida the Beautiful
Illustrated Lecture
Leonard Craske, Gloucester, Mass. February 26, 1948
Many people would like to photograph unusual bits of beauty in their gardens, but they do not know how to do it. There is no reason in the world why they can't learn, and expensive equipment is not necessary. You can use a really old-fashioned camera and get splendid results if you exercise care and patience, added to a little knowledge.
Personally, I use three different cameras: an ordinary 35mm. for general landscapes and garden views; a larger one for more detailed work; and a still larger one with long extension bellows used on a tripod for the very detailed studies which I shall show you.
Several years ago I spent some time in Florida and derived a great deal of pleasure from photographing the very lovely flowers which blossom in February and March. Everything blossoms then; it is the loveliest time of the year.
Around West Palm Beach the land is rather poor and sandy, so that you find either broad expanses of plain sand, or a type of Australian tree which grows extensively and drops its needles on the sand. Little flowers and bushes, self-planted, push up through these needles, providing spots of color in otherwise rather uninteresting vegetation. The traveler palm also grows here. It is so called because you can snap off a strand of palm and find water inside to satisfy the needs of any unfortunate traveler suffering from thirst. The royal palm I can see no beauty in, for it looks to me exactly like a lamp post with a feather duster on top. But the typical Florida picture contains palm trees against a beautiful blue sky, dotted by fleecy clouds.
In color photography, it is a good idea to get a cloud behind the photographed object, because color looks richer against the
78 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
neutral gray color than against an unrelieved blue. There are always lovely clouds in the Florida sky.
In photographing small sprays of flowers, I find plasticene wax is a great aid. By putting the wax in a flower pot and making small holes in which to insert the flowers, you can turn and bend the flower to get it in just the light you want. It is surprising what entirely different effects you can obtain by photographing an object from different sides and different angles. Then, by using a stand camera, a long telephoto lens, and a five or six seconds' exposure, you can see the grain of the leaf, and the color and detail of the flower.
I made an interesting study of the cotton plant by showing the whole life cycle of the plant — the leaves, buds, flowers, cotton, and withered stem. There are fifty varieties of cotton blossoms, white, pink, and yellow in color. They have a delicate beauty which lasts only one day.
The Florida cherry is unusual in that it has blossoms and fruit at the same time. I set the camera close to a spray and made a detailed study of it. It is only by photographing flowers thus that you can appreciate the lovely structure and design.
In fact, you can find all design in flowers and find amazing things in your garden. That is why I encourage people to stop down the lens and give it a long exposure. Sometimes it takes half an hour to photograph a small flower to the best advantage. The camera must be set up, focused, the light and detail must be studied, the meter and exposure checked, etc., before the photograph can be taken.
Hollyhocks just don't do well in Florida. About one out of ten planted survive; the others are killed by blight. The danger is that it may spread to other plants, so it is better to discard the whole project. They have fewer varieties of plants in Florida and you cannot grow New England flowers there any better than we can grow tropical plants in New England.
One of the loveliest Florida flowers is the lavender creeper, which is very much like an orchid. Late in the afternoon or early in the morning is the best time to photograph it, as then there is a beautiful light.
I am very proud of the photographs I have made of five or six varieties of roses. I began with the bud and photographed
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 79
each change to the full-blown flower. It takes thought, trouble, and patience to make such a series, but it is an inexpensive and satisfying hobby. In the wintertime it is a lot of fun to photo- graph, with close-ups, winter bulbs and vegetable architecture. You can obtain some amazing results.
The amount of damage done by Spanish moss is inestimable. There are acres of dead trees killed by the moss, which grows right up the tree and chokes it. All along the rivers and streams you see hundreds of trees festooned by the moss, yet no one seems to worry about it and no one does anything about it. Along these same streams, especially those affected by the rise and fall of the tide, are peculiar trees whose roots grow down from the stem to the water. The trees have the appearance of growing on stilts.
In the famous Rainbow Gardens, there is an enormous amount of bougainvillia. The trees supply great splotches of color which, against the background of the blue sky, clouds, and palms are wonderful subjects for photographing. To most people's surprise, the red and purple parts are not the flowers, but the leaves. The flower itself is a small white blossom in the center of these bright-hued leaves. I used a telephoto lens to photo- graph it, because I wanted you to know exactly how it grows.
The tulip tree, and one popularly called the "lipstick tree" are unusual and photograph very well. Poinsettias grow nicely and are no bother at all; in fact, they grow wild in many sections.
I want to give you some idea of the hibiscus bush as a whole and the flower in detail by showing you a series of photographs. First, we see the bush taken by the 35mm. camera and a single blossom. Then we change to the second camera fitted with a four-inch lens, to get an idea of the stamens and the green. Finally we change to the stand camera with bellows and ten-inch lens fitted with a special sliding back for 35mm. film, made by Eastman, and begin really taking pictures. With the long lens, our smallest stop and about seven seconds exposure, we get some really magnificent detail pictures, giving us the complete history of the plant.
The cactus has a beautiful flower which lasts only one day. Again I started with the 35mm. camera to get a general idea of the whole plant and its surroundings. Then I picked a few
80 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
blossoms, placed them in sand and changed to the second camera. With the right light, position, and lens we can get a fairly good idea of the blossom. But with the large camera, we get a detailed study of the bud, the bud opening, and the flower. By careful planning, we catch the cross light coming through the flower and out the other side, which greatly increases the depth and intensity of the color. In a series of pictures like this one, as with the hibiscus, we have a complete history of the life of a plant, which is most interesting to any flower lover.
One of the most interesting peculiarities of the Florida coast is the constantly changing color of the water. It shifts from light to dark green in the most amazing fashion. That is another reason why Florida seashore, with the sand, the varying color of the water, beautiful sky with the clouds behind is a constant challenge to the color photography enthusiast.
Annual Reunion
The 107th consecutive Annual Reunion of the Worcester County Horticultural Society was held on Thursday evening, April 8, in the Horticultural Building.
Preceding the dinner, a reception was held in the library, which was beautifully decorated with jonquils and Easter lilies. In the receiving line were President Myron F. Converse and Mrs. Converse, Rev. John P. Fitzsimmons and Mrs. Fitzsim- mons, Mr. and Mrs. S. Lothrop Davenport, Rev. Oliver M. Frazer and Mrs. Frazer. Ushers were Allen W. Hixon, Mal- colm C. Midgley, Laurence H. Cross, Earl T. Harper, Ernest Hansen, Carlton F. Claflin, Robert H. Hunt, E. Stanley Wright, Henry L. Gilson, and Harrison G. Taylor. Following the recep- tion, members, led by Mr. and Mrs. Converse, marched to the dining room, where a delicious roast beef dinner was served. As usual, the dining room was charmingly decorated with carna- tions furnished by Mr. Davenport, and arranged by Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick and Mrs. John E. Field.
Rev. Frazer of Friends' Church gave the invocation.
Following the dinner, President Converse introduced the guests at the head table and expressed thanks to members in charge of the reunion and to those who had furnished and ar- ranged the decorations. He then gave a very interesting resume of the many famous men who have addressed the reunions during the past twenty-five years. Among them are Ernest H. Wilson, former director of the Arnold Arboretum, who intro- duced the regal lily bulb from China; Harry Worcester Smith, whose mansion stood on the site of the present Horticultural Building; Richardson Wright, editor of House and Garden; Dr. Wallace W. Atwood, ex-president of Clark University; Charles B. Rugg, Assistant Attorney General of the United States; Dr. Elmer Ekblaw of Clark; E. L. Seymour, garden editor of the Xew York Herald Tribune and editor of the Garden Encyclopedia; Col. Samuel E. Winslow, U. S. Congress; and Richard C. Potter, director of the Museum of Natural History. Mr. Converse then introduced the speaker of the evening, Rev. John P. Fitzsimmons, pastor of the First Congregational Church of Belmont, who gave a most entertaining and humorous
82 WORCESTER ,COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948
talk entitled "Strange Tales from the East/' which told of his experiences as an Army chaplain.
Mr. Fitzsimmons stated that in stressing the more amusing side of his war experience, he hoped he would not seemingly glorify war. "War is the devil's own business, the epitome of horror," stated iMr. Fitzsimmons, "and no saints were ever made in the Army, not even in the chaplains' corps. " He then related the story of his slow trip from Newport News, through the Mediterranean to Oran in the northern part of Africa, which he had imagined as a sort of horticulturists' paradise, but which proved to be damp, dirty, and muddy. It was here that he had the privilege of entering a Mohammedan mosque and ascending to the minaret to witness the blowing of the ram's horn to call the followers of Allah to worship. After descending the many steps to the ground floor, Mr. Fitzsimmons was asked to make a donation, and when he inquired as to the reason for this request, he was informed that after many hundreds of years the steps would be worn out by the many feet passing over them and would have to be replaced. Thus, his money would go towards the eventual replacement of the steps 1 This is a per- fect example of the way people enjoy our money all over the world; we Americans pay, and pay the top price for everything. We like to think it is due to our great generosity, but one wonders.
A Catholic priest, Rev. Charles Nolan, was also a "casual" along with Mr. Fitzsimmons; that is, they were unattached to any particular outfit and were going as replacements. They struck up a friendship which was deep and true and lasting, and had many unique experiences together. For weeks they re- mained in North Africa, seemingly forgotten and missed by no one, which is most deflating to the ego. They finally had an opportunity to fly to India, and flew from Oran to Biserte, to Tunis, to Benzari, to Cairo. They saw the Sphinx and the Pyramids and the Suez Canal, and traversed in one hour what the Israelites traveled in forty years. Telaviv was the finest city they ran across, and it was here that they heard some of the finest American music, played by a seven-piece orchestra of elderly men. Seven outstanding doctors and professors from Germany, who had fled to Palestine in self-preservation, had formed this exceptionally fine orchestra and were building a new life for themselves.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1948 83
Rev. Fitzsimmons, upon his arrival at New Delhi, was assigned to Gen. Chennault's "Flying Tigers." Here was his field of real service. No man lives until he is needed and useful, and can contribute something to his own little world. That is the only way to really live, and if one cannot contribute as well as receive, he might as well be dead. The wonderful friendliness of this outfit was heartwarming. There was no rank; nurses, officers, and men were one great family. Here Mr. Fitzsimmons paid particular tribute to the Chinese nurses, saying, "No hands were more efficient, no hearts kinder than those of the Chinese nurses/'
The speaker exhibited a Buddhist prayer wheel which pro- vides an easy way of saying one's prayers, to say the least. The prayer is written out and placed in a sort of wheel, which has a red ball suspended from it. The wheel is spun, and each time the red ball makes one revolution, it counts as one repeti- tion of the prayer. A very comfortable way of disposing of one's sins!
Although Rev. Fitzsimmons' remarks were full of humorous incidents, there was a deep underlying thought throughout; i.e., tolerance. There need be no name calling between faiths. True democracy consists of understanding the other fellow and viewing his difference of opinion and belief with an open mind. His deep and affectionate friendship with Father Nolan, which has grown and ripened throughout the years following the war, convinces Mr. Fitzsimmons that laymen can have as true an understanding as a priest and a minister. This hope has been repeated by thousands of clergymen, and it can come to pass. The speaker suggested in closing that signs over public meeting places be changed to "Gentlemen, before entering, please remove your hates."
The audience then adjourned to the main auditorium, the stage of which was tastefully decorated with palms, pink and lavender hydrangeas, and Easter lilies, and enjoyed a concert presented by the Mendelssohn Singers, under the direction of Arvid C. Anderson, with Mrs. Mabel Anderson Pearson appear- ing as soloist.
The Committee on Winter Meetings, which was in charge of the arrangements, consisted of Mr. Converse, chairman, Mrs. Herbert P. Emory, Earl T. Harper, Albert H. Inman, H. Sidney Vaughan, and Mr. Davenport.
RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY
GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society.
2. Every Exhibit entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named.
3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc.
4. Xo person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number.
5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous.
6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded.
7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender.
8. All articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange- ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 8.30 o'clock.
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worces= ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
4
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in i the schedule be substituted.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate I purpose.
13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable.
14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as " Pippin, " "Sweeting." "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested.
16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity.
17. The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties.
18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respecting their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule.
19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium.
I 1948]
RULES AND REGULATIONS
5
20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society.
21. U. P. Hedrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Totty's Catalogue to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges.
22. No artificial plants, flowers, or foliage preserved by any process shall be exhibited at any show of this Society, except for a special purpose and with the consent of the show management.
23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur.
Scale of Points
Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers. —
Arrangement 30 points Quality of blooms (including condition and value) 40 "
Number of varieties 15 "
Properly named 15 "
Lilies. —
Size and color of bloom 35 points
Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem 35 "
Arrangement 15 "
Properly named 15 "
Display, Baskets and Standards. —
Arrangement 40 points
Quality (including condition and value) 45 "
Variety 15 "
Collections. —
Quality (including condition and value) 45 points
Arrangement 25 "
Variety 30 "
Table Decoration. —
Arrangement 45 points
Quality of flowers 25 "
Proportion 15 "
Harmony of flowers with accessories 15 "
6
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Special Funds
OF THE
Worcester County Horticultural Society
The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established.
1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for the purchase of books.
1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00.
Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple culture.
1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00.
Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County.
In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers.
1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.
1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society.
1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1939, The Coulson Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1943. G. A. Bigelow Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious garden grown exhibits of Roses.
Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables
1948
BP The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
Special Rules
1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of which wrill be taken by the judges in awarding the premiums.
2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature.
3. in all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed.
4. in all exhibits of wild flow^ers only those falling in groups ii and iii of the hadwten botanical club leaflet may be shown. wlld flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
5. at no time shall the exhibit contain more than one- third from group ii.
6. Ask the secretary for leaflet of the hadwen botani- cal CLUB SHOWING FLOWERS NOT TO BE EXHIBITED.
By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants.
Spring Exhibition
Thursday, March 11, 3 to 8.30 p. m. Friday, March 12, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Saturday, March 13, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Sunday, March 14, 12 m. to 8.30 p. m.
Notify Secretary four weeks in advance for space
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Garden Displays:
I Exhibitors occupying approximately
400 square feet No. 1 225 . 00
No. 2 200.00 No. 3 190.00 No. 4 175.00 No. 5 160.00
II Exhibitors occupying approximately
200 square feet No. 1 100 . 00
No. 2 85.00 No. 3 70 .00
III Exhibitors occupying approximately
100 square feet No. 1 50 . 00
No. 2 40 00 No. 3 30.00 Scale of points by which the above class is to be judged. Arrangement 50 points
Quality 35 points
Variety 15 points
* * *
Plant Displays:
IV Total Allotment 245 . 00
V Cut Flowers 75.00
VI Fruit 75.00
VII Vegetables 75.00
VIII Carnations 150.00
Worcester Garden Club Exhibit
May Exhibition
Thursday, May 13
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gut Flowers. —
No. 1. Display, 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 50 No. 2. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large displays during the year. No. 3. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 4. Fifteen vases, no duplicates 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Spring Bulbs, open culture. —
No. 5. Display 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50
Pansy. —
No. 6. Twenty vases, one flower
with foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement.—
No. 7. Low container, no restrictions. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Frederick A, Blake Fund
Carnations, fifty carnations in a basket. —
A. Basket of white
Basket of dark pink
Basket of light pink
Basket of any other color Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Table Decorations, Flowers. —
No. 8. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Roses prohibited. Notify the Secretary two
days in advance 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Apple. —
No. 9. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Lettuce. —
No. 10. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 11. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50
Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. —
No. 12. Globe 1.50 1.00 .50
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 13. Linnaeus 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 14. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 15. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 16. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Iris Exhibition
Thursday, June 10
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Iris, German. —
Xo. 17. Display 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
No. 18. Twenty vases, one stem in
a vase preferably named 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Xo. 19. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes.
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 20. Display, 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Xo. 21. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year.
Table Decorations, Iris predominating. —
No. 22. Oblong table laid for
four covers 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Peonies. —
Xo. 23. Vase or Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Lupinus. —
Xo. 24. Vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Roses. —
Xo. 25. Vase of Roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 26. Any variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Spinach. —
Xo. 27. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Radishes.—
No. 28. Two bunches. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 29. Linnaeus 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 30. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce. —
No. 31. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Onion. —
No. 32. Two bunches, six each 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 3 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING:
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
14- All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as "Pippin," "Sweeting," "Greening," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
Peony Exhibition
Thursday, June 17
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 33. From hardy plants and shrubs outdoor culture, to be named,
24 sq. ft. 6.50 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50
No. 34. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 35. Fifteen vases,
No duplicates 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Siberian Iris. —
Xo. 36. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 37. Standard German Iris 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Roses. —
No. 38. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 39. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peonies. —
No. 40. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00
No. 41. Twenty vases, one flower
in each 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement. —
No. 42. Hardy Plants and shrubs. Container furnished by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Foxglove. —
No. 43. Vase of twelve spikes 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 Aquilegia. —
No. 44. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 45. Howard 17 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 46. Any other variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Rhubarb, twelve stalks.—
No. 47. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 48. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Lettuce. —
No. 49. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
4
Rose Exhibition
Thursday, June 24, open from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
Roses. —
No. 50. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of H P. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 51. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
No. 52. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 53. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
No. 54. Collection of cut roses, at least
six varieties. Thirty dollars to
be used for prizes. No. 55. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 56. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 57. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 58. Display of cut climbing roses.
Twenty-five dollars may be
used for prizes,
No. 59 Basket of roses 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 60. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund
B. Table decoration of roses, oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers
grown by exhibitors 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
* * *
Peonies. —
No. 61 Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in
advance 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Aquilegia. —
No. 62. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund
Hardy Flowers and Shrubs, to be named.—
C. Display of outdoor varieties 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
|
No. 63. |
Howard No. 17 2.50 |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 64. |
Pathfinder |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 65. |
Catskill 2.50 |
2. |
00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 66. |
New varieties not scheduled |
2. |
00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 67. |
Four baskets of strawberries, |
|||||||
|
any variety |
3 |
00 |
2 |
.00 1 |
.00 |
|||
|
No. 68. |
Display, strawberries 5.00 |
4. |
00 |
3. |
00 |
2. |
00 1 |
.00 |
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 69. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 70. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 71. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 72. Big Boston Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Beets. —
No. 73. Twelve specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, July 1
.4// articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 74. Display, 24 square feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 No. 75. Small display, 12 square feet 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 No. 76. Basket 3 00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). —
No. 77. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Campanula. —
No. 78. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Delphinium. —
No. 79. One vase, not more than twelve
spikes 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Roses. —
No. 80. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Flowers on a Mirror. —
No. 81. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the Society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Table Decorations. —
No. 82. Round table laid for four
covers 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
* * *
18
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
G. A. Bigelow Fund
Roses. —
D. Vase of garden-grown roses, twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
* * *
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 83. Howard No. 17 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 84. Catskill 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 85. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 86. Collections, not more than six
varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 87. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 88. Black Tartarian 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 89. Gov. Wood 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 90. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 91. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Beet.—
No. 92. Twelve specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Carrot. —
No. 93. Two bunches, six in each 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck.
No. 94. World's Record 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 95. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Sweet Pea Exhibition
Thursday, July 8
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 96. Display, 18 sq. ft. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Sweet Peas, annual. —
Xo. 97. Ten vases, not more than 25
flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 98. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas, oblong table laid for four covers, Gypsophila may be used. Flowers grown by exhibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 99. Collection of Sweet Peas, not
less than six varieties 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 100. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 101. Ten vases, one stem in a vase,
preferably named 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Delphinium. —
No. 102. Display, thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Lilium Candidum. —
No. 103. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Lilium Regale. —
No. 104. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Roses. —
No. 105. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
20
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1948
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 106. Catskill 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 107. Ten dollars may be used for
prizes. Preference given to
worthy varieties of recent
introduction.
Raspberry, Black Gap, one pint. —
No. 108. Named variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 109. Early varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 110. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 1 1 1 . Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 112. Coe's Transparent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 113. Montmorency 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 114. Any other variety 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 115. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 116. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 117. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 118. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No 1 19. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Thursday, July 15
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers.—
No. 120. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 No. 121. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year. No. 122. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 123. Basket 3.00 2. 50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
No. 124. Display. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Centaurea. —
Xo. 125. Display, Gypsophila may be
used 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
Petunia. —
No. 126. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 127. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 128. Latham 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 129. Taylor 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 130. Any other red variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Currants, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 131. Any named varieties. 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 132. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 133. Telephone 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 134. Wax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 135. Green Pod 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber. —
No. 136. Three specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 137. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, Iceberg. —
No. 138. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 139. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, July 22
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gut Flowers. —
No. 140. Display, 24 square feet 8 . 00 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 Xo. 141. Small display, 12 square feet 4 . 00 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 No. 142. Standard 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No other standards to be shown.
Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon). —
Xo. 143. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50
Table Decorations. —
No. 144. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. If Sweet Peas are used, flow- ers other than Gypsophila must be used in combina- tion. 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Wild Flowers. — No. 145. Fifteen vases. No
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
Xo. 146. Five vases, 25 flower stems
in vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 147. Twelve vases 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Hemerocallis (Day Lilies). —
No. 148. Display 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 149. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 150. Other early varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 151. Any named red variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 152. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry. —
No. 153. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 154. Cultivated, one pint, named 2.00 1.50 1.00
Currants, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 155. Wilder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Small Fruits. —
No. 156. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 157. Any named variety 2. 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 158. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 159. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 160. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, July 29
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 161. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00
No. 162. Small display, 12 sq. ft, 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
No. 163. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Gladiolus. —
No. 164. Ten vases, named varieties,
one spike in each 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 165. Bowl or vase 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Larkspur, annual. —
No. 166. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 167. Astrachan 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 168. Yellow Transparent 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 169. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry, one quart. —
No. 170. Cultivated, one pint 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 171. Wild, one quart 1.50 1.00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 172. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 173. Any variety 1 50 1 . 00 .50
26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Fruit Display. —
No. 174. At least two kinds of Fruit. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 175 Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 176. Summer 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 177. Irish Cobbler 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 178. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 179. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, August 5
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 180. Display, 18 sq.ft. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 181. Basket 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
The Coulson Fund
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
E. Container to be furnished and
flowers to be grown by exhibitor 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
* * *
Gladiolus. —
No. 182. Display (not to exceed
50 square feet) 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
Salpiglossis. —
No. 183. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 184. Twelve vases, named varieties,
one truss in each vase 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Zinnia, large flowered. —
No. 185. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 186. Vase, arrangement for effect 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7. Blueberry. —
Xo. 187. Cultivated, one pint, any named
variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 188. Wild, one quart 1.50 1.00 .50
28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 189. Oldenburg 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 190. Astrachan 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 191. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No . 192 . Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 193. Copenhagen 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 194. Any other named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 195. Yellow, Sweet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 196. Chippewa 2.00 2.50 1.00 .50
No. 197. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. —
No. 198. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 199. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Gladiolus Exhibition
Thursday, August 12
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m. Gladiolus. —
No. 200. Display (not to exceed 50 sq. ft.). Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance. Forty dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 201. Twenty vases, one spike in
each, preferably named 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1.00
Aster, large flowered, long stem. —
No. 202. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Salpiglossis. —
No 203. Bowl 2.00 1.00 .50
Annuals. —
Xo. 204. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Flowers on a Mirror. —
No. 205. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 206. Williams 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 207. For seasonable varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 208. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes.
30 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 209. Dwarf, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 210. Pole, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, String, one-half peck. —
No. 211. Kentucky Wonder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. —
No. 212. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 213. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber, for pickles.—
No. 214. One-half peck 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 215. Any named variety (excepting
summer varieties) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 216. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 217. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, August 19
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m. Gladiolus. —
No. 218. Standard of gladiolus 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No other standards to be shown. No. 219. Basket, large. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Zinnia. —
No. 220. Display, notify the Secretary two days
inadvance 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Dahlia.—
No. 221. Display. Single, pompon,
and miniature 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00
Display of Garden Flowers. —
No. 222. Not to exceed 24 square
feet 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
No. 223. Small Display, 12 square feet 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days
in advance.
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 224. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors may use own containers. Twenty-five dollars maybe used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor
Aster, single or anemone. —
No. 225. Vase 2.50 2 .00 1.50 1.00 Apples, twelve specimens.—
No. 226. Early Mcintosh 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Xo. 227. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 228. Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
32
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Plums, twelve specimens. —
No. 229. Washington 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 230. Bradshaw 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 231. Imperial Gage 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 232. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 233. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 234. Early varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Pole, one-half peck. —
No. 235. Shell 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 236. String, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 237. Sweet, not less than twelve rows
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 238. Displa3r of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, August 26
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 239. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
No. 240. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
Xo. 241. Basket, large 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Aster, large flowered. —
No. 242. Twelve vases, not less than four varieties, three
blooms in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
Xo. 243. Display 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Dahlia.—
LARGE FLOWERED.—
No. 244. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Zinnia. —
SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY.
No. 245. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
Xo. 246. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 247. ( Container to be furnished by Exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 248. Gravenstein 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 249. Red Gravenstein 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 250. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
34
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1948
Plum.—
No. 251. Display, no restriction as to
arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
|
No. 252. |
Golden Jubilee |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 253. |
Carmen |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 254. |
Any other variety |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 255. Clapp's Favorite 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 256. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 257. Wonder Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 258. Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 259. Market Basket of A^egetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to cany without contents falling off. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, September 2
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p". m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 260. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 261. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 No. 262. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned
and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five
dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to
exceed $2.00. Wild Flowers. —
No. 263. Fifteen vases, no
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Dahlia.—
No. 264. Standard — Dahlias
predominating 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No other standards to be shown.
Gladiolus. —
No. 265. Basket 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Aster. —
No. 266. Display, not exceeding
25 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Scabiosa. —
No. 267. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lilies. —
No. 268. Vase 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
|
Xo. 269. |
Gravenstein |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 270. |
Any other variety |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 271. |
Wealthy |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
Apple, Crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 272. Hyslop 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 273. Seedlings 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 274. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 275. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 276. Any other variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 277. Golden Varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 278. Lombard 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 279. Burbank 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 280. New varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 281. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 282. Other varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
|
No. 283. Squash |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 284. Varieties not scheduled |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Tomato, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 285. Bonny Best |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 286. Beauty |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 287. Any other variety |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Bean, one-half peck. — |
||||||
|
No. 288. Bush Lima |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|
No. 289. Pole Lima |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
|
Cabbage, three specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 290. Any named variety |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
Celery, blanched (named) six specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 291. Any variety |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
Carrot, twelve specimens. —
No. 292. Any variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
1948]
Egg Plant.—
No. 293. Three specimens
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 294. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
No. 295. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Following page 56
Thursday, September 9
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 296. Display 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 297. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 298. Metal container of cut flowers, container to be
furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor.
Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award
not to exceed $2.00.
Dahlia.—
No. 299. Twenty vases, one flower in
each vase 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 300. Vase or basket 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 301. Fifteen vases, one spike
in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Marigold. —
No. 302. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 303. Seedlings 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 304. New varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 305. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 306. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 307. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 308. Elberta, early 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 309. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 310. Display, no restriction as to
arrangement 8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
39
Plum, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 311. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 312. Green Mountain 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 313. Moore's Early 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Xo. 314. Ontario 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 315. Fredonia 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 316. Varieties not scheduled. Five dollars for prizes.
No. 317. New varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 318. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Melon, three specimens. —
Xo. 319 GreenFlesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 320. Yellow Flesh 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 321. Water 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber, three specimens. —
No. 322. Any variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
Tomato. —
Xo. 323. Display. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 324. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia Exhibition
Thursday, September 16
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Dahlia.—
No. 325. Thirty vases, one flower in each. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 326. Twelve vases, one flower
ineach 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
No. 327. Single varieties, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 328. Basket of large flowered 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 . 00 No. 329. Pompon^ twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Display of Flower Arrangement. —
No. 330. Not to cover more than 20 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Not more than twelve receptacles to be used. Notif}^ the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. No baskets.
Scale of Points by Which the Above Class is to be Judged
Arrangement of flowers 40 points
Quality of flowers 35 points Proportion and harmony of flowers
with receptacles 25 points
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 331. Cut flowers in vases. Not more than twenty vases to be used. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
41
Edwin Draper Fund
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
F. Display of Potted Plants. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 332. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 333. Milton 2.00 1.50 1.00 . 50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 334. Seckel 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 335. Any variety, not scheduled 1.50 1.00 .50
Peach. —
No. 336. Elberta 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
. No. 337. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 338. Orange 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 339. Brighton No. 340. Campbell No. 341. Worden No. 342. Concord No. 343. Delaware No. 344. Niagara No 345. Moore's Diamond No. 346. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 347. New varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 348. Basket of Fancy Grapes
(baskets furnished) 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 349. Warren 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 350. Golden Hubbard 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 351. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 352. Butternut 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 353. Golden Delicious 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
|
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
no |
.50 |
|||
|
1. |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
||||
|
3. |
00 |
2.50 |
2. |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
3 |
00 |
2.50 |
2. |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
2.50 |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
||
|
3. |
00 |
2.50 |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
1, |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
42
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1948
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 354. Red 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 355. Savoy 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 356. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 357. Three specimens 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Broccoli. —
No. 358. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 359. Market Basket of Vegetables. Basket furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, September 23
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will bo open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 360. Display, 18 sq. ft. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 361. Large Basket. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia.—
Xo. 362. Display (not to exceed 50 square feet). Fifty dollars
may be used for prizes.
Xotify the secretary two days in advance. Xo. 363. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for growers who do not
compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
Cosmos.—
No. 364. Display. Xotify the Secretary
two days in advance 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 365. Container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, one flat. —
Xo. 366. Mcintosh 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Xo. 367. Any variety not scheduled
3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 368. Hubbardston 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 369. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 370. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Xo. 371. Sutton Beauty 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
44
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 372. Sheldon 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 373. Display, no restriction? as to arrangement. Twenty
dollars may be used for prizes. Notify rhe Secretary
two days in advance.
Peach. —
No. 374. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Grapes. —
No. 375. Display of Grapes. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Peppers. —
No. 376. Display. Fifteen dollars to be used for prizes.
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 377. Green Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 378. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 379. Three specimens. 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 380. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, September 30
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 381. Display, 24 square feet 7.00 6.00 5 00 4.00 3.00
No. 382. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 383. Basket 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Standard of Cut Flowers.—
No. 384. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum. —
No. 385. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Table Decorations — Fruit. —
No. 386 Oblong table laid for four covers.
No restriction as to grower. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
No. 387. Mcintosh 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apple, three flats. —
No. 388. Three varieties 7.00 6.00 5.00 4 00 3.00 2.00
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 389. Mcintosh 5.50 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 390. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apples, twenty-five specimens.
No. 391. Any named variety. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Display of Fruit. —
No. 392. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be
used for prizes. No. 393. Basket of fancy fruit
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1945
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 394. Bosc 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 395. Basket of Fancy Pears
(Baskets furnished) 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 396. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Pumpkins, three specimens. —
No. 397. Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 398. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Parsley. —
No. 399. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 400. Golden 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 401 . Other varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 402. Blue Hubbard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 403. Collection 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 404. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition
Thursday, October 7
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 405. Display. Thirty-five dollars may be awarded for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. —
Xo. 406. Cut flowers in vases. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Arrangement of Dried Material. —
No. 407. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed S1.00.
Cacti and Succulents. —
No. 408. Not to exceed 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 .00 3 . 00
Apple, one flat. —
No. 409. Baldwin 3.00 2.00 1 50 1.00 .50
No. 410. Any other variety except
Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 411. Collection, not to exceed
10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. — No. 412. Any variety not scheduled 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 413. Baldwin 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 414. Golden Delicious 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 415. Winter Banana 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 416. R. I. Greening 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 417. Northern Spy 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 418. Mcintosh 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 419. Cortland 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 420. Rome Beauty 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 421. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50
No. 422. Red Delicious 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 423. New varieties, five dollars may be use^d for prizes.
48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Apple, twelve specimens. — (continued)
No. 424. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 425. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen
dollars may be used for prizes. No. 426. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 427. Basket of fancy apples
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 428. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 429. Angouleme 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 430. Clairgeau 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 431. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 432. Lawrence 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 433. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 434. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 435. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 436. Champion 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 437. Three specimens 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 438. Golden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 439. Summer Pascal 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 440. Varieties not scheduled 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Endive. —
No. 441. ' Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Leeks. —
No. 442. T,welve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
40
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 443. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Salsify.—
Xo. 444. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 445. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Potato, four varieties (named). —
No. 446. Twelve specimens of each 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Turnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 447. English Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 448. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grains. —
No. 449. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Field Beans. —
No. 450. Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
Xo. 451. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Chrysanthemum Exhibition
Thursday, Nov. 11, 3 to 8.30 p. m. Friday, Nov. 12, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 13, 9 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 14, 12 m. to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Chrysanthemums. —
Use catalogue of Charles H. Totty Co., Madison, N. J. No. 452. Twelve blooms, not less than
six varieties, to be named 12.00 10.00 8.00
No. 453. Collection of twenty-five large
blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00
Xo. 454. Pompons, display in vases,
not more than 18 vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 455. Single varieties, display in vases,
not more than 18 vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 456. Anemones, display in vases,
not more than 18 vases 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 457. Three specimen plants,
one plant in pot 15.00 10.00 8.00
No. 458. One specimen plant, one plant in pot 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Standard Commercial Varieties. —
Use Totty's Catalogue, Madison, N. J.
No. 459. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 460. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2 00
No. 461. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 462. Any other color 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not
less than two feet. Exhibition Varieties. —
No. 463. . Chrysanthemums, vase of white 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 464. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 465. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 466. Any other color 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 00
Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not
less than two feet.
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
51
Chrysanthemums.—
No. 467. Basket of Pompons 4 . 00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 468. Basket of Single 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 469. Basket of Anemones 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Arrangement not to exceed 30 inches in height and width. Garden Displays. — No. 470. Exhibitors occupying approximately 400 square feet
|
No. 1 |
200 00 |
|
No. 2 |
175.00 |
|
No. 3 |
160 00 |
|
No. 4 |
140 00 |
|
No. 5 |
120 00 |
|
No. 1 |
80 00 |
|
No. 2 |
70.00 |
|
No. 3 |
60.00 |
|
No. 1 |
50.00 |
|
No. 2 |
40.00 |
|
No. 3 |
30.00 |
Xo. 471. Exhibitors occupying approximately 200 square feet
No. 472. Exhibitors occupying approximately 100 square feet
Scale of Points by which the above class is to be judged. Arrangement 50 points
Quality 35 points
Variety 15 points
* * *
Plant Displays. —
No. 473. Total Allotment 50 . 00
Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition. Flower Arrangement, Chrysanthemums. —
No. 474. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
G. Special Exhibits. Flowering Plants other than Chrysanthemums. —
Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Frederick A. Blake Fund
H. Chrysanthemums.— Best bloom 4.00 3.00 2.00 [. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be awarded for prizes.
52
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Special Prizes Offered by Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage
J. Table Decorations.— A Thanksgiving table. No restric- tions. Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars to be used for prizes.
* * *
Fern Globes. —
No. 475. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Terrariums.—
No. 476. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 477. Small — Containers must not ex- ceed 18 inches in any dimension 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Fruit Display. —
No. 478. Must contain at least two kinds of fruit. No restric- tion as to arrangement, not to exceed 30 square feet. Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Apple Display. —
No. 479. 50 square feet. One hundred and fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 480. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4. 00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 481. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 482. Delicious 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 483. Cortland 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1 00 No. 484. Other named varieties. Twenty-five dollars may be ' used for prizes.
No. 485. Basket of Fancy Apples 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 50
No. 486. Basket of Fancy Pears 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 487.. Baldwin 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 488. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 489. Mcintosh 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 490. Delicious Red Strains 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 491. Cortland 2 .50 2 .00 1 .50 1 .00 .50
1948] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 53
Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund
A. Northern Spy.—
Four premiums 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
B. Roxbury Russet. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
C. Rhode Island Greening.—
Four premiums 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
D. Golden Delicious. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
E. Any other Variety. —
Three premiums 1.50 1.00 .50
Pears, twelve specimens. —
No. 402. New varieties. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Xo. 493. Any other variety. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Native Nuts. —
Xo. 494. Display of native edible nuts. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Xo. 495. Best plate, one pint of each of the following: Chest- nuts, Butternuts, Black Walnuts, Hickory nuts. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Brussels Sprouts. —
Xo. 496. Two one-quart baskets 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Carrots, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 497. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cauliflower. —
Xo. 498. Three specimens 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
Xo. 499. Pascal 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 500. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 501 . White Globe 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 502. Red Globe 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 503. Ebenezer 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 504. Any other variety. Eight dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage, three specimens. —
|
No. 505. Any variety |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Parsnip, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 506. Any variety |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Squash, three specimens. — |
||||||
|
No 507 Blue Hubbard |
2 00 |
i J- |
50 |
i J. |
00 |
. o\j |
|
No 508 Butternut |
2 50 2 00 £j . %j\J . \J\J |
1 -L |
50 |
1 X , |
00 |
. o\j |
|
No. 509. Buttercup |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
00 |
50 |
|
|
No. 510. Table Queen Type |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
00 |
50 |
|
|
No. 511. Any other variety |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Turnip, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 512. Purple Top Globe |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Turnip, six specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 513. Rutabaga |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1, |
,00 |
.50 |
|
Potato, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 514. Green Mountain |
2.00 |
1, |
,50 |
1, |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 515. Katahdin |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 516. Chippewa |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 517. Sebago |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 518. Any other variety |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
Vegetables. —
No. 519. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished)
No. 520. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 2, 1948. Premiums will be paid on or after November 18, 1948.
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
55
THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information.
COMMITTEE OX LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport Herbert R. Kinney
Florence E. Field, Librarian Dr. Burton N. Gates
Some of the Recent Accessions to the Library
All About House Plants, Montague Free, 1946 Greenhouse Gardening for Everyone, Ernest Chabot, 1946 Gardening With Shrubs, Mary Deputy Lamson, 1946 A Wine Growers Guide, Philip M. Wagner, 1945 Greenhouses, Their Construction and Equipment, Revised Edi- tion, W. J. Wright, 1946 Dwarf Fruit Trees, I. B. Lucas, 1946
The Picture Primer of Indoor Gardening, Margaret 0. Goldsmith, 1946
Sunset Flower Arrangement Book, Nell True Welch, Edited by
Rudloph Schaeffer, 1946 Lilies for Every Garden, Isabella Preston, 1947 Our Trees, How to Know Them, Emerson and Weed, 1946 Epiphyllum Handbook, Scott E. Haselton, 1946 Propagation of Plants, Revised Edition, Kains & McQuesten, 1947 In an Herb Garden, Annie Burnham Carter, 1947 Flower Arranging for the American Home, Gladys Taber & Ruth
Kistner, 1947
Soils and Fertilizer for Greenhouse and Garden, Laurie & Kiplinger, 1946
American Wild Flowers, Ethel Hinckley Hausman, 1947
56
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Art of Flower Arrangement, Ishimoto, 1947 Camellias, G. C. Gerbing, 1945
Commercial Flower Forcing, Laurie & Kiplinger, 1947 Flower Arrangement for Everyone, Biddle and Blom, 1947 Dahlias, What Is Known About Them, Morgan T. Riley, 1947 Modern Roses III, J. Horace McFarland, 1947 Your Book of Garden Plans, Norman A. Morris, 1946 The Green Earth, Harold William Rickett, 1945 Delphinium Year Book, 1946 American Rose Annual, 1947
Bulletins Received During 1947 as Follows:
Extension Service Bulletins from the University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Mass. Cornell University Experiment Station The Arnold Arboretum The American Iris Society The New England Gladiolus Society
Worcester County Horticultural Society
SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County
Exhibitions to be held on each Thursday beginning July 22 to August 26, 1948 inclusive Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street
Worcester, Massachusetts
Thursday, July 22
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Gut Flower Display. —
No. 1. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 2. Basket 1.00 .75 .50
No. 3. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named. 1 . 00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 4. Three vases .75 .50 .25
Marigolds.—
No. 5. Three vases 1.00 .75 .50
No. 6. Vase of mixed flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 7. Five vases, to be named 1.00 .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Carrots. —
No. 8. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 9. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 10. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
No. 11. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 12. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1948] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 3
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 13. Display, 10 square feet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 14. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named. .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 15. Three vases .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 16. Three vases . 75 .50 .25
No. 17. Basket of Cut Flowers .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 18. Five vases, to he named .75 .50. 50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Carrots. —
No. 19. Six specimens .75 .50 25
Beets. —
No. 20. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 21. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 22. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 23. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, July 29
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Centurea. —
No. 24. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 25. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 26. Three vases 1.00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 27. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 28. Vase of cut flowers, mixed 1 . 00 .75 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 29. Display, not over 12 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
String Beans. —
No. 30. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 31. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 32. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Centaurea. —
No. 33. Three vases .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 34. Three vases .75 .50 .25
1948] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 5
Marigold. —
No. 35. Three vases .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 36. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named .75 .50 .25
No. 37. Vase of cut flowers .75 .50 .25
Vegetables
No. 38. Display, not over 10 varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Beets. —
No. 39. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans.—
No. 40. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
No. 41. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 5
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Marigold. —
No. 42. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 43. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 44. Three vases 1.00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 45. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 46. Five vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 47. Small container to be shown on mirror. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage. —
No. 48. Two heads 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn.—
No. 49. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 Potatoes. —
No. 50. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 Tomato. —
No. 51. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 52. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
7
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Marigold. —
No. 53. Three vases . 75 . 50 . 25
Petunia. —
No. 54. Three vases .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 55. Three vases . 75 . 50 . 25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 56. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
Any flowers not called today.) To be named . 75 . 50 . 25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 57. Five vases. To be named . 75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 58. Small container to be shown on mirror. Four dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage. —
No. 59. Two heads .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 60. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Potato.—
No. 61. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 62. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Xo. 63. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 1 2
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 64. Display, 15 square feet 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 65. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Marigold. —
No. 66. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Zinnia. —
No. 67. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
String Beans. —
No. 68. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 69. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 70. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Cucumbers. —
No. 71. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 72. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 73. Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 74. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To be
named .75 .50 .25
1948] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9
Marigold. —
No. 75. Three vases . 75 . 50 . 25
Zinnia. —
No. 76. Three vases . 75 . 50 . 25
String Beans. —
No. 77. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans. —
No. 78. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 79. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Cucumbers. —
No. 80. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 81. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 19
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cosmos. —
No. 82. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Zinnia. —
No. 83. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Asters. —
No. 84. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Gladiolus. —
No. 85. Three vases, five varieties, one spike in
a vase. To be named 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 86. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 87. Basket, mixed 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 88. Six ears 1 . 00 . 75 . 50
Tomato. —
No. 89. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Market Basket. —
No. 90. Baskets furnished by the Society and
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cosmos. —
No. 9 1 . Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Zinnia. —
Xo. 92. Three vases 1 . 00 . 75 . 50
1948] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11
Asters. —
No. 93. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Gladiolus. —
Xo. 94. Three vases, five varieties, one spike in
a vase. To be named. 1 . 00 .75 . 50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 95. Three vases . 75 . 50 . 25
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 96. Three vases, exhibitor's own selection.
(Any flowers not called today.) To
be named . 75 . 50 . 25
Basket. —
No. 97. Cut flowers, mixed .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 98. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 99. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Market Basket. —
No. 100. Baskets furnished by the Society
will hold about 8 quarts 2 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Thursday, August 26
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Display of Flowers. —
No. 101. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 102. Vase, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 103. Three vases 1 . 00 .75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 104. Three vases 1.00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 105. Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00
Zinnia. —
No. 108. Three vases 1.00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 107. Three vases 1.00 .75 .50
Cosmos. —
No. 108. Vase 1.00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 109. Five vases. To be nam ed 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 .25 No. 1 10. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. —
No. 111. Not over 15 varieties
2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
Potato.—
No. 1 12. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 75 .50
Beets. —
No. 113. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
13
Carrots. —
No. 114. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 115. Two quarts in pods 1.00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
Xo. 116. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
Xo. 1 17. Six ears 1 . 00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 118. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50
Cucumber. —
Xo. 119. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
Xo. 120. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Winter Squash. —
Xo. 121. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Celery. —
No. 122. Three specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Onion. —
Xo. 123. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 124. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 125. Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
Cosmos. —
Xo. 126. Vase .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
Xo. 127. Three vases .75 .50 .25
Asters. —
Xo. 128! Three vases . 75 . 50 . 25
Petunia. —
Xo. 129. Three vases 75 .50 .25
14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1948
Marigolds. —
No. 130. Three vases .75 .50 . 25
Gladiolus. —
No. 131. Three vases, five varieties, one spike
in each. To be named .75 .50 .25
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 132. Three vases .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 133. Five vases. To be named .75 .50 .25
No. 134. Vase of Wild Flowers .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. — No. 135. Not to exceed 12 varieties
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75
Beets. —
No. 136. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 137. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 138. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans. —
No. 139. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Potato.—
No. 140. Twelve specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 141. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 142. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Carrots. —
No. 143. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Cucumber. —
No. 144. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
Green Peppers. —
No. 145. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 146. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1948]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
15
Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits.
Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Seniors, between 15 and 21 years and Juniors, those under 15 years.
The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by two o'clock p.m.
All varieties of flowers and vegetables shall be named.
Each vase shall have two or more flowers each, except when otherwise specified.
In all exhibits of Wild Flowers only those falling in groups II and III of the Hadwen Botanical Club leaflet may be shown. Wild flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
At no time shall the exhibit contain more than one-third from group II.
Ask the secretary for leaflet of the Hadwen Botanical Club showing flowers not to be exhibited.
The judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens.
Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition season.
Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society.
CHILDREN'S EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
H. Ward Moore, Chairman Allen J. Jenkins Andrew W. Love William B. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport
Transactions of Worcester County Horticultural Society
Year Ending November 30, 1949 30 Elm Street, Worcester, Massachusetts
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES
of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
For the Year 1950
PRESIDENT
ALLEN W. HIXON, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
LESLIE E. WINTER ROBERT S. ILLING WORTH
Worcester, Mass. Worcester, Mass.
EARL T. HARPER, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, of North Grafton Horticultural Hall, 30 Elm Street
TREASURER
FRANK R. HEATH, JR., Leicester
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester
TRUSTEES
|
Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop |
Sutton |
Arthur D. Keown |
Wilkinsonville |
|
John J. Bridgeman |
Auburn |
Herbert E. Berg |
Worcester |
|
Ralph C. Breed |
Clinton |
Ernest P. Bennett |
Worcester |
|
Chesterfield Fiske |
Northboro |
Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock |
Worcester |
|
Richard A. Flagg |
Boylston |
Myron F. Converse |
Worcester |
|
Harold J. Greenwood |
Boylston |
Mrs. Bertha G. Denny |
Worcester |
|
Allen J. Jenkins |
Shrewsbury |
Mrs. Florence C. Emory |
Worcester |
|
William E. Morey |
Shrewsbury |
Mrs. Alice M. Forbes |
Worcester |
|
Eugene O. Parsons |
Auburn |
Ernest Hansen |
Worcester |
|
Charles W. Potter |
West Boylston |
Mrs. Ina E. Hassett |
Worcester |
|
Albert W. Schneider |
Clinton |
Allyne W. Hixon |
Worcester |
|
George F. E. Story |
Leicester |
Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobb |
s Holden |
|
Mrs. Emily S. Taft |
Oxford |
William B. Midgley |
Worcester |
|
H. Sidney Vaughan |
Northboro |
H. Ward Moore |
Worcester |
|
Mrs. E. W. Whitin |
No. Uxbridge |
Mrs. Amy W. Smith |
Worcester |
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Harry Harrison, 1950 Malcolm C. Midgley, 1951
Myron F. Converse, 1952
George Avery White, 1950
NOMINATING COMMITTEE
Carleton Claflin, 1952
Warren G. Davis, 1951
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman
Dr. Burton N. Gates
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Mrs. Susie M. Bowker Florence E. Field, Librarian
ON NOMENCLATURE
S. Lothrop Davenport Allen J. Jenkins
Mrs. Amy W. Smith Charles Potter
Ernest Hansen
Chesterfield Fiske Mrs. Emily W. Taft Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Myron F. Converse H. Ward Moore Mrs. Ina E. Hassett Mrs. Florence E. Field William B. Midgley
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman
Allyne W. Hixon Charles Potter Elizabeth R. Bishop Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey Leslie E. Winter Earl T. Harper Arthur D. Keown
Herbert E. Berg Allen W. Hixon, President S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Harry C. Midgley
AUDITORS
Harrison G. Taylor
Plants and Flowers: Fruit:
Vegetables:
judges
William B. Midgley, Worcester Homer O. Mills, Sutton H. Ward Moore, Worcester
Allen W. Hixon, Chairman
Earl T. Harper
H. Sidney Vaughan
MEDAL COMMITTEE
S. Lothrop Davenport
ON WINTER meetings Allen W. Hixon, Chairman Myron F. Converse S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Myron F. Converse
Harrison G. Taylor Robert S. Illingworth
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
Robert S. Illingworth, Vi
President's Address
To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
It is indeed an honor and sincere privilege to have had the oppor- tunity to serve you this past year as your president, and now to report the accomplishments of your Society.
The Committee on Winter Meetings certainly was very fortunate in the speakers afforded our members through January and February. Interest grew with each lecture, until it was not possible to seat all who wished to attend. This, however, does not mean that we should en- large our present quarters, but it is a challenge to this committee to maintain the excellent standards formulated by their successors.
The Annual Reunion, which is the only social function of our society, was very well attended, with Dr. Thomas S. Roy, as our principal speaker. It was particularly pleasing to your president to have Mr. John S. Ames, president of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and Mr. Arno H. Nehrling, the executive secretary, present as our honored guests. Also in attendance was Edward A. Norberg, Cambridge, Mass., past president of the Northeastern Florists Association, and Mr. William H. Keane, manager of the Boston Flower Exchange.
It is with the greatest respect to the memory of our late vice-president, Mr. Herbert R. Kinney, that I report his passing. Although in ill health during the last few years of his life, he had contributed much of his life to the upbuilding of this Worcester County Horticultural Society. He served as its secretary until unable to carry on the many responsibili- ties, and then as its vice-president until his death.
May we also pay respect to the memory of our late treasurer, Mr. Burt W. Greenwood, who served this Society faithfully and well for many years in this capacity. Testimonials to their memories will be read later by the committee.
The flower shows held throughout the season have been very well executed, although we experienced an unusually dry summer. Due to an early spring, it was necessary to move our summer shows one week
6 WORCESTER GOUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
ahead of schedule. The Hall was very well filled, and the quality un- usually fine. It has pleased me tremendously to note the marked im- provement in our flower arrangement classes, and even in the calls for displays, the entire arrangement has shown much thought and vast im- provement. This is due, I feel, to the excellent leadership of Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick, who so willingly has devoted much of her time to the Workshop group. This past year she has also organized a junior group, and although not too well attended, I sincerely hope that through readjustment of plans, this will help to educate future horticulturists.
Certificates of merit have been issued as follows: To the Workshop group for their outstanding arrangements at the Spring Flower Show; to Mrs. Marian G. Akeley, Auburn, for her continuously fine collection of hybrid tea, and hybrid perpetual roses ; to Mr. George H. Pride for his collection of tulips ; and to Mr. Everett W. Nash, for an unusually fine collection of grapes.
No organization can continue to be successful very long, unless it develops new activities. Therefore, I feel that our Society should be always ready to offer to the public new services, as well as to undertake new projects. This past year, under the supervision of our secretary, Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport, and Mr. H. Ward Moore, $100 was given in prizes for the best young people's gardens. During our Fall Chrysan- themum Show, it was my pleasure to present prize money to about forty boys and girls for their outstanding gardens in Worcester County. I believe it is a step in the right direction to encourage a stronger society in the future, and recommend a continuation of this project, with an increased budget, in order to interest more young people throughout our county.
As to the future of our Society, I am sure I express the belief of all our trustees and officers, as well as our members, when I state we are in a most excellent position. There is much which I feel this society should be doing, but I think we may look forward confidently to a continued growth in our membership and a constant development of our facilities to give to members and all horticulturists in Worcester County the very best and latest garden help and horticultural knowledge.
Respectfully submitted,
Allen W. Hixon, President
December 1, 1949
Secretary's Report, 1949
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Winter Meetings
The Society this year presented the usual winter lectures, starting on January 6 and continuing for eight weeks.
The first lecture was presented in cooperation with the Union Agri- cultural meeting on Thursday afternoon, January 6, by President Allen W. Hixon of our Society, on "Flower Arrangements in the Home." This lecture was demonstrated with living plant material and proved to be one of the best of the season. President Hixon stressed the use of containers on hand, use of inexpensive flowers, well arranged, to fit the surroundings in the home. The many stunning arrangements made by the speaker were displayed in the west room after the lecture, giving all who desired a further opportunity to enjoy them.
On January 13, Mr. Oscar Perrine of Riverside, California, gave his excellent lecture, "Our Amazing Northwest," illustrated with beautiful colored films. This lecture showed the beautiful mountains, lakes, forests, and streams of the Northwest, with the immense fields of grain, fruit orchards, cattle, wild flowers, fish, game, etc., and impressed one with the vastness of the Northwest.
On January 20, Mr. Richard A. Howard, of New York, gave his interesting lecture on Cuba, "The Island of Sugar." He showed the many beautiful plants and flowers that flourish on the island, and ex- plained how some of these had come from South America, the seeds having been washed up on the Cuban shore. He spoke of the work of the University of Cuba, and told of the vast acres of sugar cane and the plantations of bananas, pineapples, citrus fruit, etc.
On January 27, Mr. Walter Henrick Hodge, of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, gave his illustrated lecture on "Colombia, Land of Orchids." Western Colombia has three mountain ranges with ideal growing conditions for orchids. In Colombia we find over one thousand species of orchids of various sizes and colors. This country is also noted for its coffee, rubber, quinine, gold, etc., a most amazing country.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
9
On February 3, Dr. Dudley C. Watson, of Chicago, gave his interest- ing lecture on "Gardens Here and Elsewhere.'' Dr. Watson showed kodachrome pictures of wonderful gardens in Europe, including Switzer- land, Spain, Italy, France, etc., and then, returning to the United States, showed some excellent pictures of gardens in Philadelphia, and stated that Philadelphia surpassed Washington for its beautiful gardens.
On February 10, Mr. Jesse H. BufFum, of Boston, took us on a trip to the Fiji Islands with his lecture, "Behind the Coral Curtain." These people have been little affected by modern civilization, for they live a simple life as they have for generations. It is a beautiful country, where most of their tood grows naturally, without any effort on their part, and they live a happy, contented people.
On February 17, Mr. Arnold M. Davis, of the Cleveland Garden Center of Cleveland, Ohio, presented his most appropriate lecture at this time, entitled "Gardening for the Coming Year." He gave a most interesting and instructive talk, covering many phases of gardening, and ended by saying, "To sum up the whole question of a garden: A few good plants, well placed with careful organization or design, give one a feeling of permanency and friendliness unsurpassed, and the longer you live, the better your garden will become."
The final lecture of the year was presented on February 24 by Robert Stanton, of New Rochelle, N. Y., and was called "Holiday in Ireland." This was a most popular subject and with an overflowing house it was a fitting climax for our course of lectures; for Ireland, with her beautiful country, peaceful rolling hills, has a fascination that is hard to resist.
Annual Reunion
The 108th Annual Reunion of the Society was held on Thursday evening, April 7, 1949.
Preceding the banquet a reception was held in the Library, which was beautifully decorated with orchids, daffodils, snapdragons, etc.
The banquet was held in the lower hall, which also had a festive appearance with its decorations of carnations arranged by Mrs. Field and Mrs. Fitzpatrick.
President Allen W. Hixon presented the guests at the head table which included Mr. John S. Ames, president, and Mr. Arno H. Nehrl- ing, executive secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society ; Mr.
10
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
W. H. Keane, manager of the Boston Flower Exchange and Mrs. Keane; Mr. Edward Norberg, past president of the Northeastern Florists Asso- ciation and Mrs. Norberg, and others.
Following the dinner, President Hixon gave an interesting survey of some of the past presidents of our Society. After remarks by several of the guests, President Hixon introduced Dr. Thomas S. Roy, speaker of the evening, who spoke on "Learning in a Garden." Dr. Roy brought out the great importance of a garden and the many things you can learn from it, and said it must be a cooperative enterprise between nature and man and can only be developed to perfection through co- operation with God.
Following Dr. Roy's address all adjourned to the auditorium where the Worcester County Light Opera Company presented excerpts from the "Mikado."
Garden Lectures
This spring, during April, our Society, in cooperation with the Wor- cester County Extension Service, arranged for the benefit of home owners, a series of lectures as follows: "Better Lawns for Your Home," by Professor Lawrence Dickinson and "Your Outdoor Living Room," by Professor Alfred Boicourt on Thursday, April 14. "1949's Vege- table Garden," by Professor Cecil L. Thomson, and "New Ideas in Controlling Garden Insects," by Dr. Ellsworth Wheeler, on April 21. "Grow Fruits for Your Table," by Professor Wilbur H. Thies and "Perennials and Annuals for Home Planting," by Mr. Allen J. Jenkins on April 28.
These lectures were well attended by a most interested group, who appreciated the opportunity of getting up-to-the-minute information on lawns and gardening.
Flower Arrangement Workshop
The Society for the fifth season offered a series of eight lectures on flower arrangement under the supervision of Mrs. Charles A. Fitz- patrick.
These classes were held on Thursday afternoons, beginning on June 9 and ending on August 4. Instruction was given in all types of flower composition, arrangements for flower shows, homes, parties, dining tables, churches, etc. Emphasis was placed on the practical application
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 11
of design in relation to flower arrangement, and the methods of selecting and creating a design.
These classes have greatly stimulated the interest in the flower arrange- ment calls, table decoration, etc., of our weekly exhibits, as shown by the increased number of exhibits. This year we started another new venture under the supervision of Mrs. Fitzpatrick — a junior flower arrangement class for children between the ages of 12 to 18 years. These classes were held on Thursday mornings at 11 a.m., beginning on July 14 and continuing through August 11. The group attending was not large but was most interested in this type of work. The classes were held on Thursday mornings so that the children might exhibit and also have the assistance of their teacher in putting up their exhibit, thus giving them practical help and stimulating in them an interest in gar- dens, flower arrangements, and exhibits.
Young People's Gardens
This season, for the first time, the Worcester County Horticultural Society in cooperation with the 4-H Group of the Worcester County Extension Service, for the purpose of stimulating interest in gardening, offered $100 in prizes, to be awarded to the best junior and senior, flower and vegetable gardens in Worcester County this year.
The contest was open to any boy or girl in Worcester County under 21 years of age.
There were four sets of prizes offered as follows:
1. Junior vegetable gardens of 500 sq. ft. open to anyone under 15 years.
2. Senior vegetable gardens of 1000 sq. ft. open to anyone under 21 years.
3. Junior flower gardens of 250 sq. ft. open to anyone under 15 years.
4. Senior flower gardens of 500 sq. ft. open to anyone under 21 years.
There were no restrictions on varieties of vegetables and flowers to be grown, and the only requirement was that the garden, to be eligible for a prize, must be the result of the individual's effort from the time of planting.
There were over two hundred fifty boys and girls who registered for this contest, representing thirteen towns and one city in Worcester County. Due to the most unusual extremely dry season, most unfavor- able for gardening, about one hundred contestants dropped by the way-
12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
side before the season was over. The balance of one hundred fifty re- mained in the contest and thirty-four won prizes as follows:
Eight winners in the senior vegetable group, four girls and four boys, were: 1st, Ralph Hastings, Shrewsbury, Mass.; 2nd, Lorraine Brazeau, Bolton, Mass. ; 3rd, Roger Hines, Bolton; and five fourth prize winners.
Seventeen winners in the junior vegetable group, six girls and eleven boys, were: 1st, Ronald Fiske, Northboro, Mass.; 2nd, Robert Hahns, Hardwick, Mass.; 3rd, Kenneth Perry, Sterling; and fourteen fourth prize winners.
There were no contestants in the senior flower group.
Five winners in the junior flower group, four girls and one boy, were: 1st, Gail Chase, West Brookfield, Mass.; 2nd, Lois Tracy, Dudley, Mass.; 3rd, Gail Phelps, Dudley; and two fourth prize winners.
Four special prizes were awarded for a group garden of four boys, the Davis boys of Sterling.
On Saturday, November 12, at the time of our Chrysanthemum Show, the winners and their parents were invited in, and at 10:30 a.m., in the Library, President Hixon presented the awards to the winners.
This has been a most interesting contest, and the winners are to be congratulated for completing their project under most trying conditions, and I would recommend that this project be continued and enlarged for 1950.
Exhibitions, 1949
The year of 1949 will go down in history, at least as far as Worcester County is concerned, as a year of drought. For week after week during the summer, we had no rain at all, and our rainfall for the season is still far below normal. This has had a marked effect on the material for our exhibits. Often during the season, we heard the remark, "I do not expect to have anything for next weeks show"; but when next Thursday came, exhibition material seemed to come from some unknown source. In fact, in spite of the dry season, we had some of the largest and best exhibits for years.
The Spring Show opened our exhibition season on March 10, and, in spite of the loss of two of our best exhibitors, we had an excellent, colorful, well-arranged exhibit, with Mr. Allen's exhibit on the stage, Sunnyside arranging the center, with Mr. Hixon, Mr. Berg, Parsons and Garrepy greenhouses taking the sides. Writh the garden displays, cut flowers, fruits, and vegetables, the building was well filled.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 13
As the season was very early this year it became necessary to advance the calls one week, so that on June 16, we had a double show with the calls of June 16 and 23 on the same day. After that each show was advanced one week. This proved a fortunate move, and as a result most of the fruit, flowers, and vegetables were shown at their best.
Among the outstanding exhibits this season have been Mr. Pride's excellent showing of tulips in May and Mrs. Akeley's weekly showing of named varieties of roses, from early June to the end of the season, 100 to 150 varieties often being shown. We also had some excellent showings of phlox, the best asters in years, some beautiful peaches, ex- cellent grapes, and some fine showings of gladioli. On September 22 we had a most beautiful stage of standards and baskets of mixed flowers.
The Chrysanthemum Show in November climaxed the season with a full house of gorgeous chrysanthemums of fine quality well displayed. The Hixons took the stage, Mr. Berg took the center, and Allen, Sunny- side, Parsons and Garrepy the sides of the main hall. The rest of the building was filled with high quality chrysanthemums, Thanksgiving tables, a grand display of vegetables and the best and largest showing of fruit we have ever had. Then with the display of African violets, the best display of commercial mums, a large display of nuts, and other fine exhibits, we can safely say that the 1949 exhibits compared favor- ably with any previous season.
Children's Exhibitions
The children's exhibits this season were held on Thursday afternoons as part of our regular shows, starting on July 21 and running for six weeks through August 25.
This season practically every class in both the senior and junior groups had at least one entry, and in many calls we had from five to ten exhibi- tors and in one class we had fourteen entries.
The calls for flowers on a mirror and wild flowers continue to be popular classes.
This coming year, if we continue the children's gardens, I would recommend that children who intend to exhibit, be requested to enter the Young People's Garden Contest.
Respectfully submitted,
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
December 1, 1949
Treasurer's Report
For the Year Ended November 30, 1949
Income
Rent of Front Street Real Estate 542,499-98
Rent of Horticultural Hall, Elm Street 961.75
Membership Dues 260.00
Premiums, Account of Mrs. Gage, for Table Decorations 50.00 Income from Invested Funds 396.98
Total Income $44,168.71
Expenses
Educational Program and Winter Meetings $2,066.59
Expense of Exhibits 1,398.33
Library 1,233.33
Periodicals 100.40
Publications 679-50
Office Expense 851.30
Operating Expense 743.02
Miscellaneous Expense 2,300.91
Insurance 1,102.27
Light, Heat, and Water 1,950.62
Janitor Service 3,819-00
Maintenance of Equipment 316.00
Maintenance of Real Estate 664.32
Premiums Awarded:
Flowers $7,239.75
Fruit 1,543.00
Vegetables 1,239.50
Children's Exhibits 316.05
Total 10,338.30
Supervision of Children's Gardens 217.05
Salaries 3,818.32
Total Expenses 31,599-26
Income over Expenses $12,569-45
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
as of November 30. 1949
Assets
Deposit: Worcester County Trust Company $5,392.79
Petty Cash 50.00
Investments: Savings Banks 24.028.40
Retirement Fund 2.010.42
Total Current Assets S3 1,481. 61
Restricted Funds:
Bigelow Fund: U. S. Treasury Bond 1.000.00
Bigelow Fund: Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank 98.19 Blake Fund: Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank .... 1.093.06 Coulson Fund: Worcester County Institution for Sav- ings 1,043.85
Dewey Fund: Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank . . . 1.020.10
Eames Fund: Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank .... 519.17
Draper Fund: Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank . . . 376.33
Hadwen Fund: People's Savings Bank 1.107.56
• Morse Fund: Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank .... 532.29
McWilliam Fund: Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank 261.41
Total Restricted Funds 7,051.96
Real Estate 500,000.00
Furniture and Fixtures 16,522.82
Accounts Receivable — Restricted Funds 144.75
Total Assets $555,201.14
Liabilities
Taxes Withheld $63.40
Restricted Funds 7,051.96
Surplus, December 1, 1948 $535,516.33
Gain for year 12,569.45
Surplus. December 1. 1949 548.085.78
Total Liabilities and Surplus $555,201.14
Respectfully submitted,
Harry Harrison
Worcester. Massachusetts December 1, 1949
16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATE
We have caused an audit of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society to be made for the year ended November 30, 1949, and the foregoing certificate is hereby approved.
Respectfully submitted,
Harry C. Midgley, Harrison G. Taylor,
Auditors
Worcester, Massachusetts December 1, 1949
I have made an examination of the books of the treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society for the year ended November 30, 1949. In my opinion, the accompanying Balance Sheet, Statement of Income and Expenses with Surplus correctly set forth the financial condition of the Society as of November 30, 1949, and the results of its operations as of that date.
Worcester, Massachusetts December 1, 1949
Adah B. Johnson. Auditor
Librarian's Report
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
In making my 1949 Annual Report to members of the Society, a definite increase of activity is to be noted.
Circulation of books and periodicals has increased 485 over the 1948 total of 1,065.
One of the real services of the Society is the loan of books, not only to our members but to many students from schools in our city and also to members of the various garden clubs in and around Worcester.
Current periodicals form a valuable and much used section of our Library.
With the additions being constantly made to the Library, the aim is to maintain its position as one of the leading horticultural libraries in this section of the country, and it is the duty of the librarian to render the resources of the Library as helpful as possible to all interested in- quirers.
The following is a list of the books worthy of special mention re- ceived during the past year:
Liberty Hyde Bailey. A Story of American Plant Sciences. Andrew D. Rodgers, III. 1949.
The Home Book of Trees and Shrubs, J. J. Levison. 1949. Garden Facts and Fancies, Alfred C. Hottes, 1949. Memoirs of a Rose Man, J. Horace McFarland, 1949. Manual of Cultivated Plants, L. H. Bailey, 1949- Shrubs and Vines for American Gardens, Donald Wyman, 1949. Flowers, Painters and Subjects, 1st American Edition, 1949. The Country Housewife' s Garden, William Lawson, 1617. Published by Private Press in 1948.
How to Increase Plants. Alfred C. Hottes, 1949.
Orchids Are Easy to Grow. Harvey B. Logan and Lloyd C. Cosper, 1949. Garden Soils. Arthur B. Beaumont, 1948. The Grafters Handbook. R. J. Garner, 1949. Climbers and Ground Covers. Hottes, 1947. Flower Arrangement . Caroline E. Peterson, 1948.
18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
Tuberous-rooted Begonias, Worth Brown, 1948. Winter Bouquets, Ruth Gannon, 1949.
Plant Buyer's Guide of Seed and Plant Material, Published by the Mass. Horticultural Society, 1949.
How to Beautify and Improve Your Home Grounds. Henry B. Aul, 1949. Johnny Appleseed, Centennial Tribute, 1947.
The Pruning Book; Fruit Trees and Ornamentals, Gustaf V. Wittrock.
The Plant Doctor, Cynthia Westcott, 1940.
Favorite Flowers in Color, Seymour and others, 1949.
Stone Mulching in the Garden, J. I. Rodale, 1949.
Carnation Growing, K. F. McCully, 1949.
The Lily Year Book. George L. Slate. First book of North American Lily Society, 1948.
American Rose Annual, 1949. Gladiolus Year Book, 1949.
Quarterly bulletins from the American Delphinium Society and The American Iris Society.
Bulletins from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. ; Cornell Uni- versity Experiment Station; and the Arnold Arboretum.
The Handbook for Flower Shows: Staging, Exhibiting, and Judging. National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc.
The First Twenty Years History of National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc. Published by National Council of State Garden Clubs, 1949.
Gifts received and acknowledged: Royal Gardens, Ciril Ward. An English publication given by Mrs. E. Arthur Denny. Bermudas "Oldest Inhabitants" : Tales of Plant Life. Louisa H. Smith. English publication given by Mr. Leo F. Seelig, once a resident of Bermuda, now of Worcester, Mass.
Respectfully submitted,
Florence E. Field, Librarian
December 1, 1949
Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The Worcester County Horticultural Society and its host of friends greeted the coming of spring at the Annual Exhibition in the auditorium and adjoining rooms. The garden displays shown in the main hall and west room were as usual well planned, the material of excellent quality, and the grouping of colors very pleasing. The blooms of the spring bulbs and shrubs, in their varied hues, give one a lift at this time of year after the long winter months.
Our exhibitors had been thumbing their seed catalogs for weeks, com- piling lists of choice and unusual materials for the summer ahead, not knowing what weather conditions were in store for them. Be it rain, drought, or heat these gardeners are prepared to meet any and all conditions.
At the May Show, the spring bulbs of open culture and pansies were very fine and effectively displayed. The carnations were of outstanding quality.
The weather plays queer pranks at times, this being a year when the hardy plants, shrubs, etc., came out of their dormant state a week or two before schedule.
The iris came into bloom earlier than usual this last season so when the call came, there was a creditable showing, although not the profu- sion of colors and varieties of other years.
Cut flowers were very fine all through the summer months in spite of the fact that the gardens were dust dry, becoming drier as the season progressed. How our exhibitors could bring in such well-grown ma- terial week after week through the long rainless season was amazing. It was a challenge that was met very successfully.
It was decided to combine the June 16 and 23 shows and the follow- ing shows be brought forward one week throughout the summer months. Much interest was taken by the newer members, while the exhibitors of longer standing showed marked progress in plant culture and flower arrangement.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
21
The rose exhibits were excellent, the collections of roses being quite outstanding. One exhibitor set up a stand of from 100 to 184 varieties each week, up to the closing time in the autumn.
Some delphinium were very line, although it seemed a short season for this very distinctive flower which is so effective with lilies, roses, and other garden flowers.
Peonies, lupines, sweet peas, and Japanese iris were displayed in a pleasing manner. Lilies, mostly regals, grouped against the green drop curtain on the stage made a delightful picture.
I was very grateful to Mrs. David Milliken for taking over the judg- ing of flower arrangements and table decorations. I am sure she did a great deal to create added interest in the two classes.
I will never know how so many beautiful flowers could be grown in the parched gardens this past summer. No doubt sprinkler systems must have been in constant use. If not, these gardeners must have practiced magic.
Tuberous-rooted begonias, hemerocallis, and dahlias were very color- ful when shown.
Gladioli, one of our most popular flowers commercially, were also given a prominent place on the stage when shown in collections, baskets, standards, etc.
Zinnias and marigolds always make a blaze of color in the hall. Many of our annuals, such as salpiglosis, scabiosa, larkspur, cosmos, petunias and others were shown in collection, bowl, and basket arrangements.
To conclude the 1949 season, the commercial growers again outdid themselves in setting up a splendid collection of chrysanthemums, out- standing in quality, variety, and arrangement. A Chinese garden in the center of the hall showed that much forethought in planning had been given to create this very unique exhibit.
The children in the senior and junior groups deserve much credit for the manner in which they set up their stands this year.
I wish to thank the members, exhibitors, and all who cooperated so willingly, in making this trying task into such a pleasant job.
Respectfully submitted.
William B. Midgley, Judge of Plants and Flowers
Report of Judge of Fruit
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The exhibitions in the fruit department this year have been very similar to those of last year as we had very nearly the same weather as last, only mere unfavorable. The Spring Show in March had several good displays of apples, also 49s and single plates of 12 specimens. The May Show and the June 9 Show had almost no fruit.
The combining of the shows of June 30 with that of June 23, owing to the advanced season, made that exhibition a much better show. Straw- berries were better than a year ago. The Howard 17 strawberry, which for many years has been the most popular and most extensively grown for market, seems to have lost its high standing to some of the varieties of more recent introduction. Of the newer varieties Catskill is one of the most popular.
Blackberries, blueberries and raspberries were quite plentiful this year with many fine exhibits of each. Cultivated blueberries have been grown more widely these last few years and the exhibits this year were extra fine.
There have been more fine peaches shown this year than for several years.
Grapes also have been plentiful and excellent quality. The display of grapes by Mr. Everett C. Nash was so outstanding that it was awarded the Society's Certificate of Merit.
Pears throughout the season were not very plentiful and as a rule not of so high a quality as usual. There was, however, one exceptionally fine dozen of bosc pears shown and also a basket of the same variety.
The November Show had one of the best showings of fruit we have had for the past few years.
The six displays of apples covering fifty square feet were, with one exception, so nearly equal in every respect that it was difficult to pick the winners.
Although there were only two exhibits in the call for fruit displays, both were very good.
24 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
When it came to the call for 49 specimens, your judges were pre- sented with another problem because there were so many of them and, like the displays, of such fine color and quality.
So many plates of 12 specimens were shown that it was another dif- ficult task for the judges.
A fine display of grapes from the Geneva Station of the New York Experiment Station was an added feature to the show.
This year, at the Spring Show in March and the Fall Show in No- vember, Prof. Wilbur H. Theis, of the Horticultural Department of the University of Massachusetts, helped me in judging the fruit. His able assistance was greatly appreciated.
Respectfully submitted,
H. Ward Moore, Judge of Fruit
December 1, 1949
Report of Judge of Vegetables
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
At the close of the exhibitions in 1948, I had hope that I could report at the Annual Meeting in 1949 that we had been blessed with a season much more favorable to the fruit growers and the vegetable growers than last year.
Although there seemed to be very little, if any, improvement during the spring and early summer, conditions were better in the latter part of the summer and in the fall.
At the Spring Show in March, we had one display of vegetables and several plates of potatoes, onions, carrots, and beets and one display of rhubarb.
At the May Show, the exhibits of lettuce, radishes, potatoes, and asparagus were good, and the linneaus rhubarb was excellent.
The exhibition schedule for June 30 was advanced to June 23, re- sulting in a larger exhibition on June 23.
While there were no outstanding exhibits during the summer, some of the vegetables that have been very good to excellent were summer squash on July 21, and yellow sweet corn later. Tomatoes were very plentiful and also very good this season.
The displays of vegetables both from the home gardens and the com- mercial growers were above the average this year and more numerous.
The market baskets of vegetables seem to grow more popular each year. There were from eleven to fifteen baskets at each call this year.
The November Show was the best of the year in the vegetable depart- ment with nearly all classes filled with fine vegetables. Among these vegetables were large, snowy white cauliflowers, squashes of all types and colors, beautiful purple top turnips, smooth, glossy carrots, and potatoes. Add to these onions of all hues, cabbages, red and white, and crisp celery and you have enough for any Thanksgiving dinner.
Only two exhibits of gourds were shown. There were three displays of edible nuts and several plates of butternuts, black walnuts, hickory nuts and filberts.
26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
Mr. Roscoe E. Johnson of Barre had a large exhibit of nuts of various kinds which was the center of much attention.
In our regular exhibitions in the west hall during August and Sep- tember in the Children's Exhibit, the number of the exhibits and the quality of them was, I believe, a little better than last year.
The Society, this year, offered prizes for both flower and vegetable gardens to the youths of the county. These were divided into two groups, one for those under 15 years, the other for those between 15 and 21 years. The younger group were to have five hundred square feet and the older group one thousand square feet.
The project was called the "Young People's Gardens of Worcester County." The gardens were visited during the late summer by Mr. Davenport and me, and the condition of the gardens and the products grown noted and compared. Prizes were awarded at our Fall Show to the winners in each group.
This project, now only in its infancy, was well carried out by a com- mittee of the Society, and the response by the children was such as to warrant its continuance another year.
The experience of the past season will enable us to make some changes in the program that will, no doubt, be of great assistance to those having charge of the program as well as to the participants in the contest.
Respectfully submitted,
H. Ward Moore, Judge of Vegetables
December 1, 1949
Report of Judge of Flower Arrangements
Mr. President and Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The past year has seen a decided increase in the number of exhibitors who are responding to the calls for flower arrangements and table ar- rangements— to the extent that appointment of an auxiliary judge for these classes alone seemed desirable. I am doubly grateful to the So- ciety, both for the honor of being asked to judge and for the training for such a post which came from Mrs. Fitzpatrick's invaluable summer classes in flower arrangement.
These classes have played a very large part in the marked improve- ment in quality as well as quantity of flower arrangements shown in the past few years. So much spontaneous enthusiasm has developed that last year saw the formation of a Winter Workshop, an entirely informal group of exhibitors, both old and new, who met on Thursday morning of the Winter Lecture days to work out their particular design problems and to experiment with new material. At the secretary's sug- gestion, these arrangements were displayed in the west hall, so that the public might enjoy the flowers before and after the lectures — and enjoy them they did, as a breath of spring to come.
So successful were these displays that the Winter Workshop, at the president's invitation, exhibited as a group on a non-competitive basis at the Spring Show, and was awarded a Certificate of Merit and a "flower fund" of fifty dollars for next season.
An innovation which has made life much easier for the judge and added infinitely to the attractiveness of the arrangements is the back- ground screens provided by the Society and designed by a committee headed by Mrs. John D. Hassett. The screens are made with double wings to accommodate two arrangements, and come in two heights, for low or upright arrangements.
So numerous and of such comparatively high quality have the ar- rangements been this season that it is almost as difficult to select particu- lar high lights for mention as it was to judge them. Table decorations
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 29
were especially popular, and it was not unusual to have up to sixteen tables in competition. Among the most interesting classes were the living room arrangements which featured glads alone and in combina- tion, the pair of mantel vases, the fruit table arrangements which were unusually striking this year, and the original treatments of dried ma- terial.
The Thanksgiving tables at the Chrysanthemum Show always come as a grand finale to the season, and a great deal of thought and work obviously went into them this year. The result was a colorful and attractive display that did justice to the efforts.
I want to thank Mr. Midgley for his kind assistance in moments of stress during the season, and to acknowledge Mrs. Fitzpatrick's help in judging the Chrysanthemum Show.
Respectfully submitted,
Barbara D. Milliken, ]udge of Flower Arrangements
Report of Judge of Wildflowers
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Because I have now been judging the wildflower exhibits of both adults and children for several years, I make bold to present a suggestion or two that I feel might improve this particular phase of the activities of the Society's exhibition program.
Inasmuch as the scale of points as promulgated by the Society is as follows: Arrangement 30 points, quality of bloom 40 points, number of varieties 15 points, properly named 15 points, it would seem only reasonable that some sort of directive be issued telling what good ar- rangement is — line, proportion, accent, etc. ; how the quality of bloom can be maintained by burning or crushing of stems, by keeping in water a given time before placing on exhibit, e^c. ; that the number of varieties called for be carefully observed, and that only blooms be used not fruits or seeds, since it is impossible to judge a fruit by the same standards as inflorescence is judged; that those exhibiting give actual study to the naming of the specimen in advance of the deadline when the judges come into the room. The children particularly should be taught that the gathering and exhibiting of plants should be done carefully, artistic- ally and, within reason, scientifically. They should not be allowed to think that they can "grab" a bunch of flowers hit or miss, and jam them into a vase just for the few pennies that might be forthcoming.
I hope the Society will not think that I am being hypercritical in this report. I think the opportunity to exhibit presented by our Worcester Horticultural Society is such a splendid contribution to civic betterment both culturally and "humanitarianistically" that I feel only the highest standards should obtain and never should the privilege descend to mere casualness.
The opportunity for children to exhibit as it is done here is, I believe, unique. We should encourage and develop this interest among young people to the fullest, maintaining always definite goals of accomplish- ment.
Respectfully submitted, Dorothy L. Salter, Judge of Wildflowers
Report of Workshop Supervisor
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The Workshop Classes this year were well attended, and a few new exhibitors were added to the weekly shows. Greater enthusiasm was shown, particularly by the exhibitors.
Each year since the Society first offered these courses, enthusiasm has been increasing, until this summer we have had the most cooperative and interested group thus far.
Much improvement was shown in classes calling for either flower arrangements or table settings. An increased knowledge of the princi- ples of design, and their application, was evident at all shows where flower arrangements were displayed. This was particularly noticeable in the Workshop display at the Spring Show, and again in the call for dried arrangements in the fall.
Competition was especially keen in classes calling for table settings, and some lovely ones were shown throughout the season.
For the teacher at least, the junior classes, which the Society made available to children for the first time this summer, proved a delightful surprise. Their avid curiosity, and quick grasp of the essential princi- ples, as well as happiness and delight in their work, was truly inspira- tional.
When these classes were started, it was decided they should be of shorter duration than those for adults, because it is considered difficult to hold the interest of children on one subject for any length of time. In this case, it did not work out that way. When the hour allotted them was up, they begged to be allowed to go on and make another arrange- ment, and another, until the hour stretched into two, and finally they had to be told, "No more today."
Our only regret is that more children did not take advantage of this opportunity to work with flowers. The attendance was very small.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 33
Vacation time and a very hot summer may have had something to do with this.
If the Society should decide to have such classes again, it might be well to try a different time — perhaps a little earlier in the season.
Respectfully submitted,
Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick, Workshop Supervisor
H. E. Berg, Fall, 1949
Report of the Finance Committee
To the Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
In compliance with authority granted on December 5, 1946, the Finance Committee on July 2 5, 1947 negotiated and executed a thirty- year lease effective as of June 1, 1949 to the J. J. Newberry Company, of the real estate situated at 16-20 Front Street, Worcester. The details of said contract are incorporated in the lease. Thus, the members of the Society have reasonable assurance of continued fixed income for the proper maintenance of the work of the Society.
The said Committee acting also under authority previously granted has established a retirement fund for the benefit of the superintendent of our building, Mr. Archibald J. Huey, who has served in that capacity since this building was constructed.
The exterior of the building has been reconditioned and painted, and it is planned that the interior of the building will be redecorated im- mediately following the conclusion of the Society's winter activities.
The members of this Committee are pleased to report a bequest of five thousand dollars to this Society made in the will of Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage, which is now ready for payment. Your Committee, therefore, recommends that the said bequest be accepted, and that the treasurer be authorized to receive the same and that he be empowered to give receipt therefor and to execute such other acquittances as he may deem to be necessary or expedient in connection therewith.
Our Society has been fortunate in having means to meet the current maintenance charges of the Horticultural Building. However, these expenses are not divided evenly throughout the years in such matters as major repairs and replacements incident to an aging building. For that reason the members of your Committee have created a Building Maintenance Fund and previous to this meeting have set aside five thousand dollars for that purpose; ask for your approval thereof and recommend that each year a like sum be set aside for that purpose.
It is recommended that the security and storage vaults rented at the
36 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
Worcester County Trust Company be placed under the control of the Finance Committee.
Your Committee further recommends an appropriation of eighteen thousand dollars, the same to be distributed at the discretion of the trustees for the payment of salaries and premiums for the coming year.
The members of our Society were deeply saddened last April by reason of the sudden death of our treasurer, Mr. Burt W. Greenwood, who served with faithfulness and competence during the thirty-nine years of his tenure of office. Since that time Mr. Harry Harrison has substituted in the performance of duties ordinarily performed by the treasurer. We therefore recommend that at this meeting we express our appreciation of the service thus rendered and give approval of all his acts and doings in connection therewith.
We are taking this opportunity to express our appreciation of the continued cooperation which exists among the officers and staff mem- bers of the Society.
Respectfully submitted,
Myron F. Converse Harry Harrison Malcolm C. Midgley
Finance Committee
Worcester, Massachusetts December 1, 1949
3n Jllemorp of Herbert Emnep
Herbert R. Kinney was born in the Foster homestead in Holden on June 23, I860. His father built the present Kinney house almost oppo- site, and Herbert moved there when he was five or six years old. He was educated in Tatnuck School and remained on his father's farm until 1891 when he built and moved into the home where he passed away on December 6, 1948.
It would seem that Mr. Kinney inherited his love for market garden- ing, and his early experience assisting his father on his farm developed in him an expert knowledge in raising fruit and vegetables. In this capacity he excelled, and seemed a little in advance of his contempor- aries.
Those of us who remember back over a period of sixty years will recall Mr. Kinney's kind-heartedness and generosity. For years his contribu- tions from his gardens to local gatherings were many and very much appreciated. He took great pride in his exhibits and they added greatly to our Thursday afternoon shows, and were enjoyed by scores of people.
He loved flowers, especially white ones, and his field of regal liles was a rare and beautiful sight.
In 1891 he became a member of our Society, and secretary in 1917, which position he held until December, 1943. At that time he was made one of our vice-presidents which position he held until his death in 1948. He also served on various committees, giving unsparingly of his time and energy.
His love of hard work, until he became very feeble, never left him, and just as long as he could stand he liked to cultivate his garden.
The members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society join Mr. Kinney's hosts of friends who mourn his passing.
RESOLVED: That this memorial be placed in the records of this Society, and that copies be sent to his family.
Respectfully submitted,
Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr.
& tribute to Purt W. #reentooob
The death of Burt W. Greenwood on April 21 of this year brought to a close a term of thirty-eight years in which he served as treasurer of our Society.
He became a member of our Society in March, 1906, and was elected treasurer in the month of November, 1910. To this task he brought a fund of training and experience, being a graduate of Harvard College and an executive officer of the Worcester County Trust Company. Dur- ing his life as a member, he watched the Society outgrow its antiquated quarters on Front Street and move to its present home on Elm Street, the finest building in the country dedicated to the art of horticulture.
His interests in life were many and varied. He was a Trustee of the Chestnut Street Congregational Church; a Past Master of Montague Lodge and Past Deputy Grand Master of Masons for the Twenty-first Masonic District; he was a Past Master of the Grange; Treasurer of the Worcester Civic Music Association, and a member of the Worcester Economic Club.
A great lover of the outdoors he spent much time in his garden and hiking, and was an active member of the Appalachian Mountain Club.
The members of this association join the host of men and women who mourn the passing of Burt W. Greenwood.
Therefore, be it resolved, that this memorial be spread upon the rec- ords of this Society, and that a copy be sent to his family.
Harrison G. Taylor
Flower Arrangement in the Home
Demonstrated with Living Plant Material Allen W. Hixon, Worcester, Mass. January 6, 1949
Today I am just going to give you a few principles and ideas on flower arranging; then I want you to go home and arrange your own flowers exactly as you please, in the manner which will give the most pleasure to you personally. You seldom see two people dressed alike. Taste in flower arrangement is as individual as taste in dress, and these arrangements should exemplify the personality and feeling of the per- son creating them.
It is not necessary to use expensive flowers of exotic types to create arrangements which will give you a great deal of pleasure. A few well- arranged flowers in your home fifty -two weeks out of the year will give you far more pleasure than an elaborate arrangement three or four times a year.
Before attempting even a simple arrangement, you should consider the position in the home in which it is to be placed, the predominating color of drapes, rugs, and furniture, and have a somewhat definite idea as to the effect you wish to create. A concrete mental picture is an aid to the hand and eye.
When looking at a flower arrangement in the home, the eye should see (1) the flower itself, (2) the foliage, (3) the container or back- ground. Hence, a dull, not highly glazed, container of harmonizing hue is most desirable. A glass container may be used to advantage on a window ledge where the sun's rays may radiate. Generally speaking, a coarse flower should be used in a coarse container. Hence, a heavy container of crackled glass should be used for zinnias, calendulas, and flowers of similar type, while cranberry glass would be used for more delicate and choice blooms.
Variety of flower shape is very important in selecting flower material, especially when using only one kind and color. If possible, cut (or buy)
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
41
some buds, some partially open, and some fully open blossoms. Variety of stem length is also important. If it seems to be difficult for you to arrange flowers tastefully, try to place them the way they would norm- ally grow. Observe carefully the way they normally grow and place them in that position. A good rule to follow is to use the foliage of the parent plant insofar as possible, but should the natural foliage lack depth or color, something else must be substituted. Cut evergreen makes an excellent "filler." The gray-green of the spiral eucalyptus most nearly, other than acacia, approaches the color of carnation foliage and can be most effectively used with them. Cedar may also be used.
Though Christmas is gone for another year, an effective Christmas decoration is a block arrangement of poinsettias and white chrysanthe- mums, used with Oregon holly and cedar as foliage. Just a word about poinsettias — there is a milky substance in the stem akin to the milkweed family. Hence, the stems should be "burned" either in flame or in boiling water, always being careful to hold the stem at an angle, since the heat and steam will injure both flower and foliage. Forget-me-nots, heliotrope, or any flower with a liquid stem should be treated in the same way. Along this same line, always cut iris stems on a slant and slit about two inches up before placing in water.
Instead of buying or cutting all one kind of flower, why not buy a few of several kinds, in other words an assortment? Such an assort- ment is not difficult to arrange when adapted by grouping colors. When- ever there is a wide variety of color, a point of emphasis is necessary. This point must attract the eye and hold the attention sufficiently for the eye to return to it after viewing the arrangement in its entirety. Group color has more value ; hence, a point of emphasis may be created by a focal point of group color. Small flowers such as sweet alyssum, heliotrope, baby's breath, forget-me-nots, and sweet peas attain much more value by clustering. They may be used as a point of emphasis in an arrangement of larger flowers by grouping them as a focal point of color.
One fallacy of practically all amateur flower arrangers is that they try to cram too many flowers into a container. A few flowers, arranged in a natural and tasteful fashion, are much more effective and pleasing to the eye than a great number crowded together. It is better to have a few flowers in the house all the time than many flowers seldom.
In attempting to place the flower as it would grow naturally, it is
42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
sometimes necessary to alter to some extent the curve of the stem. This may be done with daffodils, calla lilies, etc., by working the stem through the fingers. This does not hurt the bundle tissues at all if done care- fully, and the altered curve may be much more effective and natural in appearance.
I would suggest that you cut your flowers with a sharp knife and place in deep water for twenty-four hours before using. This will allow them to "harden up." Why the sharp knife? Experiments using a nine inch white rose placed in green dye have shown that when cut with scissors it takes three-quarters hour for the dye to rise to the blos- som, twenty-five minutes for one cut with a sharp knife, and fourteen minutes for one cut with a razor blade.
You hear a great deal about preservatives for cut flowers, and all sorts of preservatives are manufactured and sold in California. How- ever, carefully checked experiments have demonstrated that there is nothing better than clear, cold water. Certain chemicals which have been found to preserve cut flowers are not safe to be used in the home and thus have not been made available to the public. Fresh, cool water daily and a cold room at night are the best method of prolonging the life of your cut flowers. It is sometimes desirable to submerge roses to the head to revive them. They give off as much moisture through the foliage as is taken up by the stem, so complete immersion aids in replenishing moisture.
Tucked away in many attics in New England are old pitchers or bean pots which make stunning containers. A bean pot, no matter how old or black, is suitable for calendulas, zinnias, or any hard, coarse flower. Try placing a pot full of these flowers on an antique table; you will be entranced with the effect. When using a pitcher, bear in mind that it is a pitcher, and arrange your flowers to give a "pouring" appearance; i.e., fresh flowers pouring from a container.
The urn type of container is very popular today. There is a certain shade of pink Venetian type urn which, although often considered un- desirable by purchasers, may be used for an effective arrangement, work- ing from pink to the deep red shades.
New England is noted for its carnations. We are both proud and fortunate to have such a diversification of varieties and colors. It is not only a beautiful flower, but is suitable for all types of work and its dura- bility is unsurpassed. It may be used for everything from a massive arrangement to a dainty corsage.
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A flower arrangement for a mantel or buffet should be rather massive and should be "tied down" to the mantel or buffet so that it seems a part of it. Red roses, some opened to show their value and size, pelar- gonium carnations, and lavender sweet peas are a suggestion for an arrangement of this type.
An antique lacquered tray may be used as a background for a pleas- ing and very inexpensive arrangement of sansevieria, evergreens, coleus, and barberry or Jerusalem cherry. Almost eveyone has some or all of these plants in the yard and house, so that a pleasing arrangement may be made by combining several of them, with an eye to color and em- phasis.
For a bride's table, a suggested arrangement would be white roses, freesias, sweet peas, and a few large gardenias for balance.
Let me say in closing that a florist's life is a pleasant one, because it is spent in making people happier by their pleasure in his beautiful flowers.
(Mr. Hixon executed a large number of stunning arrangements which were on display in the west room after the lecture.)
Our Amazing Northwest
Oscar Perrine, Riverside, Calif. January 13, 1949
To a Bostonian, "west" is anywhere beyond Troy, N. Y., with Chi- cago an unimaginable distance away. Yet Chicago is only one-third of the way to the west coast and the states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washing- ton, about which I am going to talk this afternoon.
Portland, Oregon, and Portland, Maine, are on the same parallel, but the Japanese Gulf Stream moderates the Oregon temperatures so much that the climate of the two cities are entirely different. This moderating influence makes it possible for us to be in the Cascade Mountains in fourteen feet of snow on one day, and on the next day to be on the coast among green grass and flowers. Seventy-five miles east of Port- land, on Mt. Hood, there is skiing twelve months out of the year; on the lower slopes in winter, and on the higher slopes in the warmer months. The Cascade Mountains are about one hundred fifty miles inland, four to five thousand feet high, with peaks of 14,000 feet. These peaks are definitely of volcanic origin, most of the lava having flowed east. Also blown easterly by the prevailing trade wind are thou- sands of cubic miles of volcanic ash, which has given us our fine wheat farm land.
Crater Lake is one of the most beautiful spots in the entire Northwest. It is one-half mile deep, six miles across with a twenty-six-mile drive around its rim. The lake is as blue as the sky. The so-called Phantom Ship is a lava fragment which has slipped off into the lake. Although it appears to be only the size of a ship, it actually is three hundred feet high, with large pine trees growing on it. In the Grand Coulee, Wash- ington, we find lava walls five hundred feet high.
In Idaho, the Snake River Gorge is three thousand feet deep, with the lost river going underground for one hundred fifty miles. In Hell Canyon between Idaho and Oregon, we find the deepest gorge in entire United States — 5,750 feet deep. The formation there is solid lava from top to bottom.
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The Grand Coulee Dam is the biggest in the world, five hundred feet above bed rock, four-fifths of a mile long, and capable of develop- ing two million horsepower. An important use for this power during the war was the refining of aluminum to build airplanes. (Few planes are being built now.) This was a big factor in our national defense program. The lake above is used for irrigating purposes for one and a quarter million acres. Boise, capital of the state of Idaho, is a tree- shaded city where once was a sagebrush plain. Spokane is a fine city which got its start from its abundant water power. Little coal is used here since this water power is used to generate electricity for many pur- poses, including heating. Clean buildings and much white paint give the city an attractive appearance.
Seattle, the gateway to Alaska, is another fine, clean city. There is good fishing on Puget Sound; everyone fishes and everyone eats good fish.
Journeying down to Oregon, we find the capital at Salem built of Vermont marble.
In Portland, the city of flowers and the home of the Rose Festival in June, the scenery is more than good. There is much rain in the winter, but rains in the summer are few and far between, which permits proper harvesting of many seed crops. The surrounding territory is good farm- ing country as well as beautiful to look at. There are wonderful pears, apples in the Hood River Valley, cherries, several varieties of berries, and many flowers are grown commercially. Tulip bulb growing is an important industry, with single growers having five to six hundred acres of tulips under cultivation. Hops is also an important crop in Washing- ton, Oregon, and California, and sugar beets are widely grown in irri- gated country. Some of the most wonderful wheat in the world is grown here. The volcanic ash soil, blown over from the volcanic peaks by the trade winds, seems ideal for its growth. Two thousand acres is the average acreage for a wheat ranch, with one thousand acres produc- ing at a time; i.e., one thousand are in stubble while the remaining one thousand are ready for the next year's crop. A yield of sixty bushels to the acre is not unusual.
Three-fourths of all the canning and freezing peas for the country are grown around Walla Walla, Washington. The sugar content is very high, and as the whole process of picking, cooking, and canning is accomplished in about two hours, most of the sweetness is retained.
46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
Trees of the Northwest
Many farmers rotate their crops by growing wheat one year and peas the next.
The Northwest grows and cans quantities of very fancy Royal Anne and many other varieties of sweet cherries. It is also famous for many varieties of eating and cooking apples. Many are four inches in diam- eter and are carefully sorted and packed for transcontinental shipping.
Idaho is justly proud of its potatoes, a large mealy variety suitable for baking. Idaho, with its thousands of miles of good grazing land, is also the biggest wool producing state in the Union. Oregon raises beef cattle and horses, all of the first quality. The beef cattle are shipped to Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska for the final feeding of corn and alfalfa to harden down their fat, and thence to the great packing houses of
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 47
Chicago. The dry lakes in Oregon also grow fine hay, most of which is fed in chopped form, contrary to the eastern practice.
Logging is the most important industry of the Northwest. Formerly, the loggers went in and took everything, leaving fearful destruction behind them. They left the slash where it fell, and when fire swept through, it destroyed even the seed in the ground so that there was nothing left to grow unless the seed was blown in or planted by hand. Now they practice "selective logging" whereby they go in and take only the big, mature trees which would fall soon anyway. Of course, there is less slash, and the shade of the remaining trees keeps it moist and lessens the danger of fire. Also, the younger timber grows better when the old has been removed.
Great diesel tractors have revolutionized the logging industry. In the old days, a log jam was a serious affair, often involving the use of dynamite to break up the jam and the loss of a man or two when the jam "let go." Now, with a tractor and heavy cable (and a good logger) the key log can be pulled out so that the rest of the logs will float down the river. A power saw, driven by electric power supplied by a diesel tractor, will cut through a tree in a matter of minutes. The bulldozer is used for pushing the logs into the water, rather than the more labori- ous method of the men rolling them down. That useful piece of ma- chinery, the logging arch, is also hooked on to a tractor now and is the key to modern selective logging.
The white pine is not too large to handle rather easily in the river drive, but the ponderosa pine and the cedar are more difficult. The logs are cut into thirty-two and sixty-four foot lengths, and, with the aid of modern machinery, may be picked up and set down in a matter of seconds.
In the Douglas fir country along the coast, trees often grow to a height of three hundred or more feet, with the logs weighing thirty to forty tons. A forty-foot log would furnish enough wood for a five-room bungalow.
Many beautiful wild flowers grow in this Northwest country. Elder- berry, dogwood, azaleas, fireweed, foxglove and rhododendron abound. Scotch broom is a nuisance for farmers, but beautiful for travelers.
Mt. Rainier, with its seventeen glaciers, ice-capped the year round, forms a dramatic background for this marvelous country.
The Island of Sugar
Richard A. Howard, New York, N. Y. January 20, 1949
Botanists in the field are interested in gathering three types of mater- ials: (1) Seeds and fruits of unfamiliar plants; (2) actual living ma- terials— root stocks, bulbs, and cuttings for cross-breeding purposes; (3) dried specimens for recording the distribution and occurrence in that area. In gathering these materials in an island like Cuba, where tourists are somewhat resented in the hill country, it is essential to be on good terms with the native people, since one must depend on them for hospitality and as guides. Friendliness and a good sense of humor are of first importance in getting along with them.
As one approaches the Island of Cuba, the dominant point of interest in the Havana skyline is the Morro Castle, built about 1590 as a defense against pirates. Most of the Cuban harbors are bottle-shaped, with a large base and small neck. Havana is no exception. Formerly most of the capital cities were built on the south coast of the island, but due to pirate attacks, hurricanes, and lack of drinking water, most of them have been moved to the north coast.
The capitol itself is an imposing building patterned after our own capitol, but built of Cuban material. The people are very proud of their capitol and of little peculiar things like the diamond, formerly set in the rotunda, from which all distances were marked. Radiating from the building are tiled walks where it is fashionable to promenade in leisure hours. Many of them are bordered by an unusual tree called the "religious fig," the leaves of which have a tapering tip dripping with moisture, and are supposedly weeping for the Crucifixion.
A statue commemorating the sinking of our battleship "Maine" a few hundred yards off the coast in the war of 1898 is very attractive in design and construction.
The University plays a very important part in the life of the city. An ancient law decrees that any man who is registered as a student is immune from arrest while on the campus. A humorous interpretation
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of this law arises from the fact that many of the politicians register as special students and then, in time of uprisings, hastily retreat to the campus, where they are safe from legal proceedings!
East and south of the city is a serpentine area which is very dry and of little use, but with proper irrigation could be made productive. The south coast is extremely arid, with limestone barrier, coral reef develop- ment, and very little sand.
Many seeds and fruits are cast ashore; plants from as far south as the Amazon are deposited on the beach. One of these, a casual waste weed of the milkweed family, was experimented with as a source of rubber during the war. A mechanical problem was involved which rendered it not too satisfactory.
The vegetation around Cienfuegos Harbor on the southern shore is extremely dense. The people of the city are very hospitable, no one is in a hurry, the weather is good, and food is cheap. Everything is a riot of color — plants, houses, even animals.
Fifteen miles out is the Atkins Tropical Garden and research center, somewhat like our Arboretum. Harvard House contains living quarters for research botanists, a library, and specimen collections.
Royal palms form an integral part of the landscape in tropical coun- tries. They are so tall that they are often struck by lightning. Then the tree dies, because the bud at the top is killed.
You hear a great deal about living fence posts on the island. Branches of trees are cut off and stuck in the ground; when they take root and grow four or five feet high, the tops are cut off and again planted, until an impenetrable hedge is formed.
Annuals such as marigolds, portulacas, oleanders, and bougainvillea flower several times during the year. In January, spring in this country, the trees break into blossom. The cardinal tree blooms before its leaves appear and has two cycles per year.
There are many fanciful fruits like the cannon ball tree, a native of South America. The flowers form on the trunk of the tree, are thick and fleshy, with a spicy odor. The fruit comes later, and according to an "old wives' tale," explodes at maturity. However, it drops to the ground like any other fruit. The Sheik of Araby, an Arabian plant, is used more and more as a hedge plant. The butterfly pea is like our beach pea.
The passion flower was named by a Jesuit priest who noted that its
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various parts seem symbolic of the Crucifixion. The five stamens repre- sent Christ's five wounds ; the three styles, the three men crucified ; the red petals, the blood; the white fringe for purity, and the thorns repre- sent Christ's crown. There is great variation in the plants; they grow wild in all colors and styles. The fruit is edible and makes a fairly- palatable drink.
The Caribbean lily, with its odor like gardenias, grows wild in the wet marshes and also in the mountains.
In looking over the Cuban landscape, one is impressed by the green- ness or verdure. Bananas contribute greatly to this impression. They are characteristic of tropical vegetation. The plant is similar to grass, with the trunk consisting of leaf bases wrapped around each other. Bananas form a significant part of the diet of the inhabitants, and often are eaten in one form or another, at all three meals. The "lady finger" or senorita banana is a small, delicate fruit with a thin skin, too fragile for much handling. The cooking banana is large and coarse, starchy like a potato. We are unfamiliar with these varieties, since none are exported. Some bananas produce a flower which is edible when boiled like a cabbage. Generally speaking, the people in the southern portion eat the flowers, and those in the north, the fruit.
In the off season, sugar cane is used as forage to feed animals. Dur- ing the sugar season, the crop is cut by hand, the leaves stripped, and the cane taken to the mill to be crushed and ground. It is generally cut when six to eight months old, before the flower sets, and has to be cut fast on account of the fire hazard in the dried, stripped leaves.
We hear a great deal of radio advertising about "shade grown" coffee. Coffee must be grown in the shade, for it does not do well in the open sun. The plant has a white flower and red berries, something like a cranberry. Inside are the two seeds which are the coffee beans. These are picked in the hills and loaded on mules to be taken down to pack- ing plants for roasting and exporting.
The pineapple is an important part of the diet. It has a large base to hold water, sometimes large enough so that small frogs may live in it. Pineapples in the tropics make delicious eating. Oranges, limes, man- goes, and avocados are also plentiful. Fresh litchi nuts are very differ- ent from the dried ones we know, and are delightful. The few Chinese in Cuba are very fond of them. The cashew nut belongs to the same family as the poison ivy. Hence, one must be immune to ivy poisoning to harvest it. The cashew fruit is delicious. In addition to the native
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fruits and edible plants, some of the food supply comes from the rivers and streams. Fish, frogs, and turtles are staple articles of diet.
Nighttime, with its many birds and beetles, is fascinating in Cuba. The anvil beetle is an interesting one which produces a metallic sound not unlike the clang of the anvil. The tropical fireflies are very large and somewhat terrifying with their three lights, one on either side of the head, and one on the tail. The parakeets have short wings, which produce a jerky flight, and a raucous, disagreeable call. Vultures are protected in Cuba, since they pick up dead material and thus aid cleanli- ness. The skink is a small lizard with smooth scales, which can reverse the colors of its body, tail, and nose from blue to green to yellow.
The aroma shrub, a native of Madagascar, was imported for orna- mental purposes, but went wild and spread until it created a serious problem. A new weed killer, 24D, now successfully controls it. The poinciana, or "flamboyant" tree, is full of flowers of many shades which somewhat resemble an orchid.
Only in the tropics may we find true fern trees. They often grow to a height of fifteen feet, with the trunks composed of bundles of fibers somewhat like a cornstalk.
Epiphytes, or air plants, are newcomers to the horticultural markets. In Cuba they grow on tree trunks, sometimes as many as one hundred twenty different varieties on one trunk! Some are very attractive.
The remote mountains north of Cienfuegos are not well known. The vegetation is largely pine, which is harvested with crude axes and machetes, the logs drawn over rough lumbering roads by oxen.
The great steel mills in the U. S. own tracts of peculiar iron soil, which is used only as reserve ore. This soil produces interesting plants, one of which is a poinsettia with evergreen leaves like a rhododendron. It grows about one and one-half feet high and the flowers last a long time.
One landmark of interest to all Americans is San Juan Hill, made famous by Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders, rising three hundred feet to an old fortress on top. The original vegetation has been re- moved and shade trees planted. The old American trenches are still there, but now have concrete facings to preserve them. It is customary in Cuba to plant shrubs or trees on the graves of the departed, the belief being that the dead will be remembered as long as the tree lives. Hence, four cacti have been planted at the corners of the shrine enclosing the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, in order that his memory may long remain with us.
Colombia, Land of Orchids
Walter Henricks Hodge, Amherst, Massachusetts January 27, 1949
Colombia, above all other countries of this hemisphere, is the land of orchids. The composite family, with its thousands of species of plants, is generally considered the largest group of flowering plants in the world, but the orchid family with about fifteen thousand species has nearly as many species, probably one thousand in Colombia alone. Only one other place, New Guinea in the East Indies, has a greater number. Orchids, as a group delight in wet, mountainous tropical country. The western part of Colombia contains three ranges of the Andes and the rainfall is locally heavy, thus producing ideal growing conditions.
An unusual feature of Colombia is that unlike other South American countries it has two coasts; the northwestern part borders the Pacific, and the eastern, the Caribbean Sea. This is favorable to great variety in the production of agricultural products as well as plants. Coffee is the most important. It is of the finest quality, far better than that grown in Brazil. The cacao tree, from the seeds of which chocolate and cocoa are made, is extensively grown, and also the para rubber tree from which plantation rubber is obtained. The wild cinchona tree, the bark of which is used in producing quinine, was very important during the war when the supply from Java was cut off. In fact Colombia during World War II was our greatest source of quinine bark.
Gold is found in Colombia in greater supply than anywhere in this hemisphere except Canada. Russia is the only country which surpasses it in platinum production. Thus, we have a country exceedingly rich in natural resources and agricultural products.
Two-thirds of Colombia is low, jungle country with only a rare human habitation. The great rivers of this eastern portion run into the Amazon. The Magdalena River, in the western portion, connects all the cities of the interior with the Caribbean. A good way to see the country is to go up the river on one of the river boats, which are old "stern wheelers" formerly used on the Mississippi. The river is full of
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A Bouquet of Wild Sobralia Orchids
sand bars and seasonally difficult to navigate, so the trip may take a long time, but here you can see the rich, moist forests of the area, which abound in animal and plant life.
The cacao tree needs warm, humid conditions for best growth, and the lowland country is well adapted for it. It is a small tree with seed pods, and our chocolate comes from the seeds within these pods. Here also is grown yucca, or cassava, from whose roots we get tapioca. When conditions are dry, trees and plants are grown under irrigation as in the upper Magdalena.
Bogota, the capital, is built on a small plain nine thousand feet high. It is generally cool here (50° to 60° throughout the year), cold at night, and you seldom see the sun on account of the frequent showers. It is a typical Spanish-style city, with churches built around the central plaza. It is famous for its coffee shops, which are surpassed in number only by its bookshops. Sometimes it is called "The Athens of South
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Weekly Cattle Fair, Medelli'n, Colombia
America," for the people are highly cultured and an outstanding poem is considered of sufficient importance to command a front-page spread in their newspapers.
There is abundant forest on the mountains below timberline. A great deal of the land is too steep for cultivation, but the streams run down into the valleys, where the land is fertile, and the towns are located here.
The big crop of Antioquia, richest state in Colombia, is coffee. Coffee trees are grown under larger, or "madre" (mother) trees, which are planted expressly for the purpose of shading the smaller trees. The pits of the fruit are washed to remove excess pulp, and then are dried to become our coffee beans.
Cattle are the most important internal crop. They are fattened on the hills and form an important part of the economy, though none are exported. Where the river valleys widen out between the mountains, we find sugar cane, another important local crop.
Medellin, the second city in size and capital of Antioquia, is a won-
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The Medellin River Valley in the Central Andes of Colombia
dcrful city located in a narrow valley surrounded by mountains. The cathedral is a prominent building in any South American city, always situated on the principal plaza, and it is in Medellin, with a lovely park dedicated to Bolivar, the liberator. There is abundant water power here, providing the cheapest electricity in the hemisphere, which is aiding in the industrialization of this part of the country.
There is a wealth of interesting plant life in Colombia. The epi- phytes, or air plants, which cling to trees for protection and light are innumerable. Often planted as immigrant exotics is the curious trav- elers' palm, a member of the banana family and also the tulip tree, a member of the catalpa family. The pansy orchid (Miltonia) grows freely in the mountains; the "cradle of Venus" orchid (Anguloa) is of very unusual shape; the brassia looks like a spider. The epidendrum orchid is a leaning variety, with long whips six feet tall. The Stanhopia is very unusual and bizarre, very fragrant, and most famous of the pendulous orchids.
Instead of geraniums growing in a window box, the Colombians use
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masses of cattleyas. At Easter time you can buy orchids for ten cents a dozen, and, at the Feast of Corpus Christi, floats are garlanded with orchids. Medellin is the center of the orchid industry. It is right in the central Andes, between two rivers, and with a moderate rainfall, providing ideal growing conditions for that particular plant.
Above ten thousand feet elevation, orchids do not grow, but high in the Andes, on the "paramos" above the tree line, grows the espeletia or "frailejon" a composite, daisy-like plant with flowers somewhat like the cineraria. There are numberless species, all yellow. In the high Andes is the greatest center of the heath family. There are many genera; they are cousins of the azalea and rhododendron. The mela- stome family of which our deer grass is a representative is also common. The empress flower is a beautiful flower which requires the typical soil and soil organisms of the Andes.
The farms high in the mountains produce many curious tuber crops, imong them, the familiar potato which is native to the Andes ; also the aracacha, or South American carrot, which is a staple root crop. The
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very wet western range of the Andes is best for orchids. Many orchids are originally discovered here in the humid mountain forests of north- western Antioquia. Triana's cattleya is the national flower of Colombia, and orchids are even printed as motifs on postage stamps. It is pink and very popular in the Medellm area.
Downstream, on the Choco and Atrato rivers we run into lowland forest area where there are not so many orchids. Tribes of Indians live along the rivers fishing and hunting for food, but raising few crops. It is very warm here. The great forests are not jungles, with their im- penetrable underbrush, but "rain forests," or enormous trees so thick that they allow little light to penetrate. We find many lianes (woody climbing plants) here. The "mariposa," or butterfly orchid is native, and there are curious cacti growing on the trees. Andre's flamingo- flower and various passion flowers are also found.
There are many palms here, including the ivory nut palm or "tagua" found in the dense forest. The nuts grow in great clusters. Elsewhere buttons are made from the hard, ivory-like meat of these nuts, and it is used extensively for carving ornamental figures, etc.
There are more species of birds in Colombia than anywhere in the world. Twice as many as on the North American continent, yet it is only twice the size of Texas. Most of the birds have exceedingly vivid plumage and are quite different from our native birds, although many of our species, especially the warblers, pass the winter in Colombia.
Ants and termites are abundant. They seem to have a strange and amazing relationship with plants. One plant, in particular, has a curious, swollen petiole developed especially for ants, in which complete ant colonies can dwell. The ant wards off anything which damages the plant, and receives its home in return.
The leaf -cutter or parasol ant is very destructive; a colony can take all the leaves off an orange tree in one night. The parasol ant is most amusing to watch, as it runs about with its "parasol" held over its head.
Colombia is indeed a fascinating country.
Gardens Here and Elsewhere
Dr. Dudley Crafts Watson, Chicago February 3, 1949
While my subject has been announced as "Gardens Here and Else- where," yet I have no New England gardens to show you so "here" must mean the United States. I do, however, recall the New England gardens that I have seen and a few that I have photographed with koda- chrome as among the loveliest garden experiences I have ever had. I remember, most vividly, a garden called Iristhorpe not far from Worcester.
My garden experiences have been largely in Wisconsin and Illinois where, for artistic arrangements of gardens, we have an exceedingly different problem. You have undulating topography with plenty of rocks to work with, a variety of elevations, and your gardens naturally fall into a garden scale more readily and with less work than ours do. I will show you a few of the Midwest gardens in the hope you will feel they are rather typical of the American gardens of the temperate zone.
I first take you to one of the easiest spots in the world for gardening, Switzerland. In these gardens of Switzerland you find Nature does so much for the gardener that his work becomes very simple.
One of the gardens in Switzerland that has a lesson for us is the garden in the great court of the Administration Building of the League of Nations. The flowers you see there are all in pots and the pots are set into troughs or grooves. How barren and uninteresting this approach to the great palace would be without that gardening! It is a very smart note of architectonic gardening.
Now to the Italian lakes for a moment. This is Isola Bella, that lovely island off Stresa on Lake Maggiori. Every inch of this garden is a planned thing, every tree is growing exactly where it was planned to be, every bit of it is as accurately planned as a masterpiece of archi- tecture.
Now let us go across to Lisbon to the lovely Chateau of the Sun, the last residence of the Royal House of Portugal. This is probably the
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most beautiful example of French chateau architecture outside of France. The Portuguese being the first travelers to China brought back the Chi- nese influence that is to be seen in the Chateau. The roof of this Chateau is almost like a pagoda but the ornamentation is strictly French, in a way copied after Versailles.
The most amusing garden in Portugal is called the "Cold Hothouse." It covers seventeen acres in the heart of Lisbon and is surrounded by acres of lattice work which lets in just enough sunlight but will not allow the summer sun to parch the tender things brought there from all over the world. One of the most precious things in that garden was a wonderful garden of rock plants and snow plants from Greenland.
Now I take you to Madrid to show you how the Spaniards use color. One reason why the people of Spain are such magnificent gardeners is because they have to fight so hard to make their gardens. They have no rainfall for eight or nine months and must depend entirely upon artificial watering of which they have an abundance. The Royal Gardens directly in front of the old Royal Palace which is no longer a Royal Palace but the offices of the dictatorship, but, oh! how beautifully the gardens are treated! To those of you who do not know Madrid, be prepared for one of the most beautiful garden treats of your life.
The most beautiful gardens in the world — I have heard a number of architects and gardeners say that — are the gardens of Vaux-le-vicomte not far from Fontainebleau although Fontainebleau is insignificant in interest after you have seen Vaux-le-vicomte.
When we begin to know what sculpture really means and begin to use it outdoors none of us will have a garden without it. It does some- thing for the garden that no tree, no fountain, no urn, shrubbery, or planting can ever do.
Next, I take you to the greatest of all gardens. These are the great gardens at Versailles. The color scheme is always perfect and the whole consideration of the planting is a masterpiece. This summer I saw the gardens of Versailles lovelier than I saw them at any time between World War I and II and I learned the reason: two hundred and fifty crippled French soldiers have planted and trimmed and watered the gardens. There are more than two thousand pieces of sculpture in Versailles and most of it is marble.
Now just a glimpse of Brussels. Brussels was astounding this sum- mer because it was so vigorous. Every bit of Brussels is a garden but
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the gardening isn't thought out with the taste that it is in France and it does not have quite the effectiveness of the French gardens. They don't understand the drama of it, they don't know how to eliminate the things that disturb the spirit of the garden. They have too many fences, too many things that interfere with the actual planting of the garden, yet it is a most beautiful city.
This is Queen Wilhelmina's beloved House in the Woods, that lovely, simple palace of Queen Wilhelmina surrounded by the most magnificent beech forest ever known. That forest is now entirely gone, cut down by the Nazis who made it their chief military headquarters. They cut down these magnificent woods it had taken four hundred years to grow!
Have you ever seen a whole plate of diamonds? It isn't at all as im- pressive as one diamond, beautifully set. So it is with our plantings. Let's give more attention to our hedge rows, to our settings, and less concentration upon the flowers.
Whenever you turn a corner in a Dutch garden you come upon an- other color scheme and whenever you turn a corner there is something to punctuate that corner. That is something we haven't done very well. The corners of our gardens should never be neglected, they should be punctuated.
The most beautiful perennial gardens in all the world are in England, and the Sulgrave Manor, home of the Washington family, is a fine ex- ample of perennial planting. English gardeners are not always success- ful with their color schemes but they are always successful with their planting. Can you imagine a flower garden more perfect in relation to a piece of architecture than this garden at Hampton Court? Nothing could make you feel the beauty of the building more than to have it echoed by the perfection of this exquisite garden. But the great thing at Hampton Court is the two and a half miles of perennial borders. The perennial gardens at Oxford are famous and among the finest uni- versity gardens anywhere.
There is a garden in the South that excites me more than any garden I have ever been in. It is the Brook Green garden in North Carolina, eighty miles north of Charleston and sixteen miles from Myrtle Beach, a very famous sea resort. Brook Green was an old English estate which eventually fell into disuse. Swamps took over the springs and the house became dilapidated. Then Mr. and Mrs. Archer Huntington of New
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York saw the spot and converted it very gently into the most beautifully sculptured garden in the world. Italy has nothing to compare with it. Archer Huntington's wife was Ann Hyatt, American sculptress, who, when Huntington found her, was living in a garret in Paris, practically penniless. She had done Joan of Arc and he recognized in her a su- premely line artist. He married her within six months and she became one of America's richest women. She and Archer Huntington have since devoted their lives to the support of American sculpture and they found the Brook Green gardens an outlet for it. The Huntingtons, however, have never had proper recognition for their beautiful gift which has cost not only millions of dollars but endless thought and devotion.
Do you know that Philadelphia, in late March or early April, beats Washington a thousand ways? You go to Washington to see the cherry blossoms, but let me tell you there are more flowering trees in Philadelphia than in any other city in the United States.
I conclude with a garden I know best of all the gardens in the world — my own. One of the greatest joys in the world is gardening, but there is still one thing more joyous and that is painting them. After you have learned to garden, get out your watercolors and make pictures of them. You can all do it, every one of you. That is the only joy in the world that is liner than making a garden.
Behind the Coral Curtain
Jesse H. Buffum, Worcester, Mass. February 10, 1949
This is the simple, but amazing story of my trip to the Fiji Islands in 1948. I had heard that things in regard to our government were going on in Samoa, and I wanted very much to get pictures of what the Navy was doing there. The Navy cooperated handsomely, lending every assistance to making my trip profitable and worthwhile.
The trip by air is indescribably beautiful. Flying high over the Pa- cific, you can see, far below, the bright sand of the coral islets set in the sparkling blue of the ocean. Are they inhabited? Who knows? Some are so far from the beaten path that it would be difficult to find out.
Tutuila, the capital of American Samoa, is like a gem suspended in the bottomless blue. Tourists do not get there, so there are no hotels, but the natives make the most of a Navy ship landing. This brings out the colorful articles of the curio sellers. There is a cooperative arrange- ment between the Navy and the people so that there is no exploitation. In Pango Pango, we find open air markets.
The native wage earner has been partly Americanized. In fact, we find many instances of the new civilization. In the towns and villages baby clinics are doing their best to combat bush medicine with trained doctors and nurses, and lend every assistance to the young mothers. The Samoans are church-going people, with the Mormon faith strong in both American and British Samoa.
The Navy has built a shore road of sparkling white coral where the natives love to travel. Their natural cleanliness is apparent in that the road is immaculate in spite of constant traffic. There are no motorcycles or automobiles or horses to use these roads. Shoulder poles and carry- ing baskets are the standard means of transportation.
The people are inherently hospitable. The first gesture of hospitality is to procure a fresh coconut for a visitor upon arrival. With a bush knife in his hand, the host will climb perhaps fifty feet from the ground to the top of a palm tree. Descending with his prize, he will open the
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coconut with a deft stroke on a sharp stick driven into the ground — and refreshments are ready! They are courteous and inquisitive, but shy; a happy, childlike people.
The Samoans have no stoves or chimneys, all the cooking being done outside with a small fire called an oven, but which is really a combina- tion of hot stones and moist fibres. Their staple articles of diet are tubers and green bananas, the taro and the breadfruit. These are seldom eaten raw, and are peeled before cooking.
Fish is also an important article of diet. Women and children fish in the lagoons within the coral reefs, while the men brave the surf to go outside into open water. Naturally, the children spend a great deal of time in the water, but there seems to be little actual swimming done — just playing and diving. Their eyes seem to be as good under water as above, as they dive for shells and their own little treasures, though the Navy has introduced diving goggles to some of them.
Around Apia, cacao trees are extensively grown. These trees have long pods with beans, which when dried and pulverized, become our cocoa. Here also is a copra factory for processing coconuts, the most important industry of the islands. The Navy does the buying and sell- ing of the product.
Tapa cloth is at its best in Samoa. It is made from the soft inner bark of the mulberry tree, obtained by slitting the fronds. The islanders show great skill in dyeing, using dyes which are vegetable and perma- nent, the composition of which remains a Polynesian secret. They make beautiful prints by smoothing the cloth on boards cut with intricate designs. This cloth was originated not to cover, but to adorn the body.
The Polynesians are skilled basket weavers. They weave rugged baskets from the fronds of the green palm. These baskets are serviceable and artistic, and are discarded when they become dry and brittle. The natives are also skillful in weaving blinds or curtains, which are used in place of partitions in their houses, of dry pandanus leaves. They are good artisans and never slight their work.
Few white men are privileged to see one of their tribal ceremonies, but my visit was regarded as a token of the good will of the American people and I was the guest of honor at such a ceremonial. Food, both "raw and cooked, is prepared carefully in bowls centuries old, with all the ritual of bygone years. The guest is served first, then the higher chiefs, followed by the lesser chiefs, who are divided from the higher
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by protocol. In addition to the feast, there were speeches by the chiefs, which were translated by an interpreter.
These people venerate their dead with ceremonies in which only the chiefs, in ritualistic dress, take part.
The children are attractive, imaginative, and courteous, but shy, espe- cially of the camera. They all take part in the work of the family, the girls washing and cooking from quite an early age. In addition to their frequent bathing in the ocean, they are very fond of odd circular games and also a form of hop scotch, which was probably introduced by the Navy.
The siva siva festival is the greatest of all ceremonials. Hundreds of people from all the surrounding islands must be fed, so preparations begin early. Only the chiefs go out for the deep-water fish — barracuda, swordfish, and sharks. Carriers bringing in food from other villages come in a procession. Flowers often accompany these gifts. Whole pigs are roasted in the communal cook houses and the most skilled cooks prepare the traditional dishes made chiefly from ground coconuts, coco- nut milk, and sea water mixed in the ancient bowls to add to the flavor. After days of preparation the great siva siva is on! In pantomime and song, they recount the legends of their people — the unwritten history of the Polynesian race with its tragedies and glories. The origin is obscure, but early navigators, who found the island long before Colum- bus, wrote of these people. Dancers by the score, dressed in striking costumes, are in competition with dancers from neighboring island. There is little instrumentation, sometimes a small drum, but always a vocal background, and the dancing is superb, judged by any standards of terpsichore.
To the Polynesians, civilization is a threat to their culture and they have asked for ten more years of their old customs. The school children of the islands demonstrate the link between the new and the old in Samoa, but whether this change is a blessing or a menace, we cannot say at present.
Gardening for the Coming Year
Arnold M. Davis, Cleveland, Ohio February 17, 1949
Anyone who makes a garden makes a picture, not with canvas or paper and paint or crayon, but by using the soil and natural gifts as tools. For this reason, I always preface my remarks on making a garden by emphasizing the importance of a lawn as a background.
The present style of gardening is in direct contrast to that of the early part of the century. Then it was stylish to have a formal or classical garden, cared for by a staff of gardeners. That is economically impossible now, and possibly it is a good thing because now so many more people can grow things on a more simple basis. Probably many people then desired to have a garden, but had not the means or oppor- tunity. Now, with small properties, green lawns, and a fondness for out-of-doors life, we have very many good, small gardens even though there are few of the magnificent ones.
Weeds are often bothersome to a lawn, especially plantain and crab grass. 2-4-D applied in the dormant season eliminates the broad-leafed weeds with the possible exception of crab grass.
We have a few new pests to contend with, one of them being the Dutch elm disease which was first encountered about twenty years ago. It was successfully controlled for a while, but is now gaining alarming momentum. It can be controlled only by a program of sanitation and spraying to kill the beetle which carries the disease. When it becomes necessary to replace a tree, as is often the case, I would suggest that you replace it with one which is free from disease threat at present. The sugar maple is ideal. It is a noble tree, beautifully colored in the fall.
Foundation plantings are important in making your garden picture. There must always be such plantings, but they must not be obvious if they are really good ; they must seem merely a part of the whole picture.
One weakness of a studied landscape picture is that often the owner must take out a great deal of it before much time elapses. If it is com- plete when first put in, the trees and shrubs may become overwhelming
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as they grow. Instead of constantly pruning to keep them under con- trol, many people wait too long, then cut them down altogether, leaving the house looking naked.
Do not lose sight of the fact that a planting expresses the personality and individuality of the owner of the house. In planning your garden for next year, I suggest that you spend more time on thinking and less in executing. Think it over carefully and try for a simple effect. I hold a brief for simplicity; good architecture can stand on its own and should not be smothered with trees. The gardener should realize that his basic problem is organization. He should plan or organize care- fully to get the most out of the effort put into it.
On the whole, gardens are going through a transitional period at present. Labor plays a very important part in gardening, which brings up the question of who is going to do the work.
An old custom in England, brought over to our country, was the delightful practice of developing a dooryard garden. The custom pro- moted sociability since one could pick flowers and visit casually with neighbors. But when high-speed transportation became common (with the advent of the automobile) , privacy became an issue and the garden was moved around to the back of the house.
The basic element of garden design is the border. The border may be as large or as small as you wish, and may be put together to form a design; or two borders may be used to make a square. The formal garden is made up of a series of borders. A delightful woodland garden on a wooded lot may be made by cutting out trees and brush and plant- ing a simple border of spring flowers along the path.
"Green gardens," consisting of green grass, shrubs, and evergreens, are pleasing to the eye and give one a feeling of calmness. They have the added advantage of being easy to care for. Sometimes a structural item of interest is used to hold the garden together, or unify it. The use of steps is good if they are so placed that you feel you are going into a specific area. Sometimes potted plants may be used with the steps, but in the average garden they tend to be overdone. However, more and more we are going back to the Victorian method of growing flowers in pots. French hybrid geraniums are especially good for this purpose. A gate is another good structural item if it is truly a func- tional part of the picture. It creates a friendly feeling, adds interest, and can be both ornamental and practical.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 67
The rock garden, so popular a few years ago, has gone out of style, not that it was without charm and satisfaction, but because it was often necessary to take out all the rocks to get rid of the witch grass.
Simple plants like pansies are easy to care for and give a great deal of pleasure. Add a few evergreens, boxwood edging, and a few stand- ard perennials, and you have a pleasing garden spot. Rambler roses are good in a small intimate garden. Grown on the inside of a hedge or fence, they give much pleasure to the inhabitants of a house.
Herb gardens are an entertaining source of plant material and are much in vogue at present. Herbs never stay at home, so you must keep them separate.
Window boxes were out of style for a while, but are now coming back into favor. They add warmth and friendliness to a house if not overdone.
If you have a good view from your house, capitalize on it; don't hide it. Have your plantings lead the eye to a fine view.
All gardeners should have a cold frame or hotbed to provide for starting plants early and to protect the life of plants in late seasons. These devices may range from a simple frame of wood and glass to more pretentious ones with a permanent foundation.
People have recently begun to appreciate the great outdoors and we see more and more of a tendency toward outdoor living. This is evi- denced in convertible cars, sun clothing, and a love of picnicking, whether it be at a distant resort or in one's own yard. For this reason, many outdoor ovens have been built, though a small practicable and portable grill is often more satisfactory than an elaborate oven of brick or stone. You can do a lot with terraces of all kinds. They are good for outdoor living and eliminate the roofs of the old porches. Bricks or flat stones are good for this purpose, with bricks the easier to use.
The gardener should not overlook a vegetable garden. If there is any space available, you should grow some of the more common varie- ties which may be ornamental as well as practical.
Also, if you are interested in having flowers in the house or in mak- ing flower arrangements, you should have a cutting garden. For prac- tical purposes you may plant your flowers in straight rows like cabbages, thus making it easy to cut the blossoms.
You will surely want some of the spring flowering bulbs. There are ten thousand varieties of daffodils listed, with new ones appearing
68
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
every year. Tulips are spectacular, but must be replaced every third year at least. The ordinary garden violet is most satisfactory, though it multiplies so rapidly that it is somewhat of a problem not to have one's garden overrun with it. Dogwood is a delightful plant, almost in- digenous here in New England. It is beautiful when it is in flower, but it is at its best in the fall when it is covered with bright red berries. Varieties of iris, such as the copper lustre, sable, and black prince are new and lovely. Iris, too, multiplies so rapidly as to create a problem, but one which may be partially solved by dividing often and perhaps trading with friends for different varieties.
It is increasingly popular on the part of the amateur gardener to specialize in the growing of one particular plant. This is proved by the fact that there are ninety-five societies (like the American Iris So- ciety, the American Delphinium Society, etc.), whose members are primarily interested in growing a certain plant.
If you have good, fertile soil, perhaps you would like to try some of the new delphiniums which are very handsome. Hemerocallis will stand cruel and abusive treatment ; portulaca will grow in a hot, dry location. The new forms of oriental poppy are very handsome. Formerly all poppies were red, but now there are purple, white, pink, and other exotic colors. Petunias will grow wherever they get sunshine. One of the most popular plants in the United States right now is the tuberous- rooted begonia. It is easily grown if kept moist and given plenty of cow manure; and it is very showy.
Roses, of course, are always popular. You know the hybrid perpetual and hybrid tea; but try the floribunda. It is rapidly stepping into the picture and I think will eventually be the garden flower.
To sum up the whole question of a garden : A few good plants, well placed, with careful organization or design, give one a feeling of perma- nency and friendliness unsurpassed, and the longer you live, the better your garden will become.
Holiday in Ireland
Robert Stanton, New York, N. Y. February 24, 1949
No country in the world is so attractive, so alluring, so filled with sentimental traditions as Ireland. Everything you have heard about it is true: the trees, the rocks, the grass, the mists, the heather make it the most beautiful place in the world when the sun shines. But it is the most miserable place in the world when it rains, and rain falls about 80 per cent of the time.
Most of us have the mistaken impression that Ireland is a remote country, but we must get the proper perspective on its distance from the United States. You can have lunch in Boston today and tomorrow morning land at Shannon Airport. Shannon is the crossroads of the world. Great planes from England, France, Scandinavia, Spain, as well as the United States and Canada, are constantly landing and taking off, uniting the world by air travel. And you really should approach Ire- land by air, for it is only when you catch the whole panorama of bays, indentations and rivers, with the beautiful green fields between, that you can appreciate what makes Ireland so different from any other country.
Fourteen miles from Shannon is Limerick, with its easily winding roads and ancient cottages. It is the oldest chartered city in Ireland, built 13 years before London was founded. There is a quiet bustle and ado in its streets, with the double-decked busses and ancient donkey carts forming an amusing contrast in modes of transportation. Any city "where the River Shannon flows" possesses sentimental attraction, but the Shannon is not the beautiful blue or green of one's imagination, but rather muddy from a modern hydroelectric plant up the river. Two famous spots are King John's castle, built during the Norman Conquest, and the Treaty Stone, which marks the breaking of the treaty of 1688 between Ireland and England.
Much of the tradition and history of Ireland revolves about Dublin. Here is Government House and the Dail, the seat of the government.
70 WORCESTER CPUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
All Irishmen are extremely proud of O'Connell Street, in Dublin, which is often called the most beautiful street in Europe. Nelson's Pillar stands in the center of O'Connell Street, and is the focal point of beauty. Modern shops, apartments and hotels line the street, and tiny flower stalls surround the base of the Pillar. Moore Street, one block away, throbs with Irish life. Here the friendly country folk sell their fine vegetables, strawberries, gooseberries and currants in open-air stalls. Trinity College, where some of the famous students of Ireland and Europe have stduied, is also in Dublin. The city has a fine airport and it is only two hours by air from Paris.
The inhabitants of Dublin are fond of going by bus and train to coastal resorts like Bray and Howth. These resorts differ from ours in that there are no so-called "amusements" nothing but sea and rocks and gulls. The Irish revel in the simplicity, silence, and solitude.
In the north, Drogheda was a big city in Cromwell's time. The River Boyne flows through the city and the churchyard holds grim re- minders of the massacre of the Boyne.
We go on to Londonderry, second only to Belfast in the manufacture of linen. Here is the ancient Guild Hall within the city wall, which is guarded by cannon given by Queen Elizabeth when the city was the outpost of English businessmen.
The Giant's Causeway is one of the most amazing geological wonders of the world — a place of pounding surf, caves, arches, and pillars. The theory is that millions of years ago the earth threw up molton lava, which when suddenly cooled by the ice sheet covering the Irish coast, formed into these giant columns, hundreds of feet high, which are set in place like pegs in holes. Some tops are concave, others convex; of different colors, they seem like gigantic structural girders.
The largest city in County Mayo is Westport, with a population of about five thousand people. It is only two hundred miles west of Dublin, but as remote to them as our far west is to a New Englander. There is typical Irish life in Mayo, with a fair once a week to which the farmers bring their farm animals.
You hear a great deal about the Irish shamrocks and see pots of them for sale around St. Patrick's Day, but the real shamrocks are tiny, fragile things which require as much searching for as our four-leaf clover. Turf or peat, which is really undeveloped coal, is as typically Irish as
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 71
the shamrocks. It is cut out of bogs with a peculiar spade, dried, and used for fuel. It is smoky and gives little heat, and seems excessively high-priced when you consider that it grows everywhere and that a bog will grow back in again in about a hundred years.
The Dingle peninsula is a combination of everything found in Ire- land. The people there cling to Gaelic pretty much, street and store signs being written in that language. Here perfect peace, contentment, and quietude seem to reign. It is very difficult to catch a picture of the landscape here on account of the mist and haze. Even on a bright sunny day, the horizon fades off into mistiness.
Most tourists head for Killarney first, but it is better to save it till last, for you will not have seen Ireland if you see only the tourists spot of Killarney. You must take a trip to Kate Kearney's cottage, fourteen miles from the village. Kate was a fabulous beauty of the 1800's to whom, so tradition says, you must pay tribute or disappear. Then you take a horse to ride through the Gap of Dunloc to the Lakes. Everyone talks about the Lakes of Killarney, but it seems to me they have not half the charm of other parts of Ireland, or possibly I expected too much.
County Kerry is unspoiled by tourists. At Kenmare we find an ancient stone-arched bridge, and nearby in a stone-fenced field, a spinner spin- ning wool of his own raising. In the barn there is a loom where he will weave this wool into tweed. Not too far from here are the druids' altars, round stones and altars where people worshiped their gods two thousands years ago. Many years ago, when the Danes invaded the islands, it is said that the goats warned the people of the impending danger. Hence, every year at Puck Fair in County Kerry, the largest goat which can be found is put on a throne and honored throughout the fair.
The City of Cork has a lore all its own and an atmosphere not found elsewhere. The life of the city is so dominated by the bells of Shannon Church that natives of Cork feel a deep nostalgia all their lives when they hear the sound of church bells. Here we find the "shawlies" in the old tradition — elderly women with shawls over their heads, selling flowers and vegetables in the market place.
Blarney Castle is only five kilometers from the city. It has been fought over so much that its ramparts and turrets are in disrepair, but no visit to Ireland is complete without attempting to kiss the Blarney
72 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
Stone. The surrounding country is beautiful with its peaceful rolling hills.
There is a fascination and allure about the whole country which makes it difficult to say farewell.
"Ah, Ireland, you taught me to love you, Now teach me to bid you good-bye!"
Annual Reunion
The Worcester County Horticultural Society held its 108th Annual Reunion on Thursday evening, April 7, in the Horticultural Building. Preceding the banquet, the officers received members and guests in the Library, which was beautifully decorated with daffodils and snap- dragons. The mantel was banked with orchids, and the guests of honor wore corsages of the same flower.
Following the reception, a delicious dinner was served in the banquet hall. The hall presented a festive appearance, with masses of carna- tions, furnished by Mr. Davenport and arranged by Mrs. Field and Mrs. Fitzpatrick, gracing the tables. Seated at the head table were Mr. Burt W. Greenwood, treasurer of the Society ; Myron W. Converse, past-president, and Mrs. Converse; Dr. Thomas S. Roy, D.D., pastor of the First Baptist Church and the speaker of the evening, and Mrs. Roy; Allen W. Hixon, president of the Society, and Mrs. Hixon; Mr. John S. Ames, president of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society; Mr. Arno H. Nehrling, executive secretary of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society ; Mr. Robert S. Illingworth and Mr. Leslie Winter, vice- presidents of the Society; Mr. Allen J. Jenkins, chairman on arrange- ments and exhibitions ; and Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport, secretary. Guests of honor also included Mr. William H. Keane, president of the Boston Cut Flower Exchange, and Mrs. Keane; and Mr. Edward Norberg, past president of the New England Florists' Association, and Mrs. Norberg. Rev. Roy gave the invocation.
Following the dinner, President Hixon welcomed members and guests and expressed his pleasure in having such a large number present. He presented those at the head table to the audience and paid particular tribute to Mr. Converse, the preceding president, who served for twenty- five years and who probably has done more for the Society than any other one person. Mr. Hixon expressed particular appreciation for the splendid financial setup of the Society, which is largely attributable to Mr. Converse's fine management of its affairs. Mr. Converse spoke briefly, mentioning some of the outstanding men who have served as presidents of the Society. Among them are some of the best known and most public-spirited citizens Worcester has produced. John Green,
74 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949
physician, was the first president, followed by such well-known men as Isaac Davis, John Milton Earl, George Jacques, George Richardson, Obadiah B. Hadwen (also president of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society), Stephen Salisbury, Edward W. Breed, Arthur E. Hartshorn, and Charles W. Greenwood.
Mr. Ames brought greetings from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society and mentioned that the two societies have much in common, and even had the same president at one time (Obadiah B. Hadwen) . The Massachusetts Society is the oldest in the country, incorporated in 1829, and the Worcester County Society is second, incorporated in 1842.
In presenting the speaker of the evening, Mr. Hixon, who is one of Worcester County's most enthusiastic "boosters" stated that he had good reason to brag about his favorite county because everything pertaining to the successful evening was a product of Worcester County — the flowers, the caterer, the speaker, and the entertainment — verifying the concept of finding "acres of diamonds" in our own small territory.
Dr. Roy spoke briefly and interestingly on "Learning in a Garden." He said in substance: "Life is a thing of infinite variety. Nowhere do we learn so well and so quickly of the infinite variety and versatility of distinguishing characteristics as in a garden. There is difference in form, in color, and in fragrance. I was privileged to view a dahlia garden near Plymouth not too long ago. To my amazement, there were thousands and thousands of blooms — some large, some small; some brilliant in color, some subdued ; some compact in form, some large and lacy — yet all dahlias. An infinite number of types of the same flower. The infinite variety of life and the individual is thus revealed in gardens. No two people are exactly alike, no two faces. It is asserted that the chances of two fingerprints being alike is one in a septillion, which really means no chance at all. How is it possible for people to become bored in a world of such variety as this? How can people say, 'What a stuffy world we live in.'
"Tennyson wrote,
Flower in the crannied wall,
I pluck you out of the crannies,
I hold you here, root and all, in my hand,
Little flower — but if I could understand
What you are, root and all, and all in all
I should know what God and man is.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1949 75
If we could only know everything about a flower or even a grain of dust, we'd know about the universe.
"As in most ventures in life, you can't do everything in a garden yourself. You must have the cooperation of man and Nature to do it. It would be more correct to say you and God developed a garden than to take all the credit for yourself. It is a cooperative enterprise and it is only by cooperating with the forces of Nature that we are able to get a garden at all. We should learn more about life. It is often talked about like a lump of plastic material molded by the forces touch- ing it. Life is an organism which is going to grow into something inherent, but it can come to completeness and perfection only through cooperation with God, for there is no such thing as a self-made man.
"In the study of economics, we parrot the three words, land, labor, and capital, but it requires a more mature mind to appreciate that land means everything we find in the world — soil, fertility, minerals; that labor means the society making what we want to sell and the man buying it; and that capital, in its last analysis, means the abilities we have in- herited and developed. Where did we get mental and executive ability? We didn't create it. We are interdependent individuals, and our abili- ties develop as we use them and absorb understanding from others.
"In the creation of beauty, we are making a contribution to the life of the world. When creating beauty, life can claim life everywhere. When we are creating beauty, we are creating gifts with which God wishes to enrich humanity."
Following the address, the audience adjourned to the auditorium, where the Worcester County Light Opera Company presented excerpts from "The Mikado" in costume.
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
Offered by the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
Horticultural Building 30 Elm Street Worcester, Mass.
For the year
1949
THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL
The Davis Press, Inc., Worcester
OFFICERS AIN\D COMMITTEES
of the
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
For the Year 1949
LESLIE E. WINTER,
PRESIDENT
ALLEN W. HIXON, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
Worcester, Mass. ROBERT S. ILLINGWORTH, Worcester, Mass. HERBERT R. KINNEY, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, North Grafton, Mass. Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street, Worcester, Mass.
TREASURER
BURT W. GREENWOOD, Worcester, Mass.
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, Worcester, Mass.
TRUSTEES
Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop John J. Bridgeman Ralph C. Breed Chesterfield Fiske Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles W. Potter Albert W. Schneider Mrs. Emily S. Taft H. Sidney Vaughan Mrs. Edgeworth W. Whitin Ernest P. Bennett
Myron F. Converse, 1949 E. Stanley Wright, 1949
Sutton Auburn Clinton Northboro Boylston Boy 1st on Shrewsbury Shrewsbury Auburn West Boylston Clinton Oxford Northboro N. Uxbridge Worcester
Herbert E. Berg
Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock
Myron F. Converse
Arthur D. Keown
Mrs. Bertha G. Denny
Mrs. Florence C. Emory
Mrs. Alice M. Forbes
Ernest Hansen
Earl T. Harper
Mrs. Ina E. Hassett
Allvne W. Hixon
Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs
H. Ward Moore
Mrs. Amy W. Smith
George F. E. Story
Worcester Worcester Worcester Wilkinsonville Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Holden Worcester Worcester Leicester
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Harry Harrison, 1950
NOMINATING COMMITTEE
George Avery White, 1950
Malcolm C. Midgley, 1951
Warren G. Davis, 1951
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman Mrs. Harold S. Bowker
S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Amy Smith
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Dr. Burton N. Gates Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian
ON NOMENCLATURE
Ernest Hansen
Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins
Chesterfield Fiske Mrs. William W. Taft Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Mrs. John D. Hassett Myron F. Converse H. Ward Moore
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman
President, Allen W. Hixon Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morev William B. Midgley Mrs. Florence E. Field Allyne W. Hixon
Harry C. Midgley
Plants and Flowers:
Fruit:
Vegetables:
auditors
Charles Potter
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Elizabeth R. Bishop Leslie E. Winter William Todd Earl T. Harper
Harrison G. Taylor
judges
William B. Midgley, Worcester H. Ward Moore, Worcester
Allen W. Hixon, Chairman
Allen W. Hixon, Chairman Myron F. Converse Airs. Herbert P. Emory
MEDAL COMMITTEE
Myron F. Converse
ON WINTER MEETINGS
H. Sidney Vaughan
S. Lothrop Davenport
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Harrison G. Taylor Earl T. Harper
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY
GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
L Strict conformity to the Regulations and -Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society.
2. Every Exhibit entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named.
3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc.
4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number.
5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any Exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous.
6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded.
7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender.
8. AJ1 articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange- ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 8.30 o'clock.
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worces= ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the Exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building. \
4
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable.
14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as " Pippin, " " Sweeting. "*" Green- ing, " etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested.
16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity.
17.15^ The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties.
18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respecting their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule.
19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium.
1949]
RULES AND REGULATIONS
5
20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society.
21. U. P. Hedrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Totty's Catalogue to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges.
22. No artificial plants, flowers, or foliage preserved by any process shall be exhibited at any show of this Society, except for a special purpose and with the consent of the show management.
23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur.
Scale of Points
Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers. —
Arrangement 30 points Quality of blooms (including condition and value) 40 "
Number of varieties 15 "
Properly named 15 "
Lilies. —
Size and color of bloom 35 points
Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem 35 "
Arrangement 15 11
Properly named 15 "
Display, Baskets and Standards. —
Arrangement 40 points
Quality (including condition and value) 45 "
Variety 15 "
Collections. —
Quality (including condition and value) 45 points
Arrangement 25 "
Variety 30 "
Table Decoration. —
Arrangement 45 points
Quality of flowers 25 " Proportion . 15 "
Harmony of flowers with accessories 15 "
6
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Special Funds
OF THE
Worcester County Horticultural Society
The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established.
1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for the purchase of books.
1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00.
Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple culture.
1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00.
Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County.
In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers.
1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.
1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions held under the direction of said Society.
1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. $500.00. Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1939, The Coulson Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Flowers.
1943. G. A. Bigelow Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious garden grown exhibits of Roses.
Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables
1949
GPThe Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
Special Rules
1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of which will be taken by the judges in awarding the premiums.
2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature.
3. In all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed.
4. In all exhibits of wild flowers only those falling in groups ii and iii of the hadwen botanical club leaflet may be shown. wlld flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
5. At no time shall the exhibit contain more than one- third FROM GROUP II.
6. Ask the secretary for leaflet of the hadwen botani- cal CLUB SHOWING FLOWERS NOT TO BE EXHIBITED.
By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants.
Spring Exhibition
Thursday, March 10, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, March 11, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, March 12, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, March 13, 12 m. to 9 p. m.
Notify Secretary four weeks in advance for space
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Garden Displays:
I Exhibitors occupying approximately
400 square feet No. 1 285 . 00
No. 2 275.00
No. 3 265.00
No. 4 255.00
II Exhibitors occupying approximately
200 square feet No. 1 135 . 00
No. 2 125.00
No. 3 115.00
No. 4 105.00
III Exhibitors occupying approximately
100 square feet No. 1 65 . 00
No. 2 55.00
No. 3 45.00 Scale of points by which the above class is to be judged. Arrangement 50 points Quality 35 points Variety 15 points
* * *
Plant Displays :
IV Total Allotment 245 . 00
* * *
V Cut Flowers 75.00
VI Fruit 150.00
VII Vegetables 75.00
VIII Carnations 150.00
Worcester Garden Club Exhibit
May Exhibition
Thursday, May 12
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 1. Display, 24 square feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 No. 2. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large' displays during the year. No. 3. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 4. Fifteen vases, no duplicates 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Spring Bulbs, open culture. —
No. 5. Display 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
Pansy. —
Xo. 6. Twenty vases, one flower
with foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement. —
Xo. 7. Low container, no restrictions. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Frederick A. Blake Fund
Carnations, fifty carnations in a basket. —
A. Basket of white
Basket of dark pink
Basket of light pink
Basket of any other color Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
* * *
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Table Decorations, Flowers. —
No. 8. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Roses prohibited. Notify the Secretary two
days in advance 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00
Apple. —
No. 9. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Lettuce. —
No. 10. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 1 1 . One-half peck 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. —
No. 12. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 13. Linnaeus 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 14. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 15. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 16. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Iris Exhibition
Thursday, June 9
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from &io 8.30 p. m.
Iris, German. —
No. 17. Display 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
No. 18. Twenty vases, one stem in
a vase preferably named 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 19. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 20. Display, 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 21. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year.
Table Decorations, Iris predominating. —
No. 22. Oblong table laid for
four covers 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Peonies. —
No. 23. Vase or Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Lupinus. —
No. 24. Vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Roses. —
No. 25. Vase of Roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 26. Any variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 27. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Radishes.—
No. 28. Two bunches. Six in each bunch. Three dollars may be used for prizes.
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 29. Linnaeus 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 30. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce. —
No. 31. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Onion. —
No. 32. Two bunches. Six in each bunch 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 8 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING:
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the' articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
14- All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as 11 Pippin,11 "Sweeting," "Greening," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
Peony Exhibition
Thursday, June 16
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 33. From hardy plants and shrubs outdoor culture, to be named,
24 sq.ft. 6.50 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50
No. 34. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 35. Fifteen vases,
No duplicates 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Siberian Iris. —
Xo. 36. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 37. Standard German Iris 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Roses. —
Xo. 38. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
Xo. 39. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peonies. —
No. 40. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00
No. 41. Twenty vases, one flower
in each 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement. —
No. 42. Hardy Plants and shrubs. Container furnished by exhibitor. Thirty dollars mav be used.
14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Foxglove. —
No. 43. Vase of twelve spikes 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00
Aquilegia. —
No. 44. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 45. Howard 17 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 46. Any other variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 47. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 48. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Lettuce. —
No. 49. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Rose Exhibition
Thursday, June 23, open from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
Roses. —
No. 50. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of H P. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 51. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
No. 52. Twelve blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 53. Six blooms of distinct named
varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
No. 54. Collection of cut roses, at least
six varieties. Thirty dollars to
be used for prizes. No. 55. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 No. 56. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 57. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 58. Display of cut climbing roses.
Twenty-five dollars may be
used for prizes
No. 59. Basket of roses 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 60. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
16
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund
B. Table decoration of roses, oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers
grown by exhibitors 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2 00
* * *
Peonies. —
No. 61. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in
advance 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Aquilegia. —
No. 62. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund
Hardy Flowers and Shrubs, to be named. —
C. Display of outdoor varieties 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
|
No. 63. |
Howard No. 17 2.50 |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 64. |
Pathfinder |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 65. |
Catskill 2.50 |
2. |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 66. |
New varieties not scheduled |
2. |
00 |
1, |
50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 67. |
Four baskets of strawberries, |
||||||
|
any variety |
3 |
.00 |
2.00 1 |
.00 |
|||
|
No. 68. |
Display, strawberries 5.00 |
4. |
00 |
3. |
00 |
2.00 1. |
00 |
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 69. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 70. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 71. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 72. Big Boston Type 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Beets. —
No. 73. Twelve specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Thursday, June 30
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 74. Display, 24 square feet 8 . 00 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 No. 75. Small display, 12 square feet 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 No. 76. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). —
Xo. 77. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Campanula. —
No. 78. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Delphinium. —
Xo. 79. One vase, not more than twelve
spikes 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Roses. —
Xo. 80. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Flowers on a Mirror. —
No. 81. Small vase to be shown on a mirror. Vase and mirror to be furnished by the Society. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Table Decorations. —
No. 82. Round table laid for four
covers 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
* * *
18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
G. A. Bigelow Fund
Roses. —
D. Vase of garden-grown roses, twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
* * *
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 83. Howard No. 17 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 84. Catskill 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 85. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 86. Collections, not more than six
varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 87. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 88. Black Tartarian 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 89. Gov. Wood 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 90. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 91. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Beet.—
No. 92. Twelve specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Carrot. —
No. 93. Two bunches, six in each 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck.
No. 94. World's Record 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 95. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Sweet Pea Exhibition
Thursday, July 7
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o 'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 96. Display, 18 sq. ft. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Sweet Peas, annual. —
No. 97. Ten vases, not more than 25
flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 98. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas, oblong table laid for four covers, Gypsophila may be used. Flowers grown by exhibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 99. Collection of Sweet Peas, not
less than six varieties 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 100. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 101. Ten vases, one stem in a vase,
preferably named 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .
Delphinium. —
Xo. 102. Display, thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Lilium Candidum. —
No. 103. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Lilium Regale. —
No. 104. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Roses. —
No. 105. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
20
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 106. Catskill 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 107. Ten dollars may be used for
prizes. Preference given to
worthy varieties of recent
introduction.
Raspberry, Black Cap, one pint. —
No. 108. Named variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 109. Early varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 110. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 111. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 112. Coe's Transparent 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 113. Montmorency 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 1 14. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 115. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 116. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 117. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 118. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No 119. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, July 14
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 120. Display, 24 square feet 8 . 00 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 No. 121. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year. No. 122. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50
Japanese Iris. —
No. 123. Basket 3.00 2. 50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
No. 124. Display. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Centaurea. —
No. 125. Display, Gypsophila may be
used 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
Petunia. —
No. 126. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 127. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 128. Latham 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 129. Taylor 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 130. Any other red variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Currants, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 131. Any named varieties.
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 132. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 133. Telephone 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 134. Wax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 135. Green Pod 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber. —
No. 136. Three specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 137. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Lettuce, Iceberg.—
No. 138. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 139. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, July 21
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gut Flowers. —
No. 140. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 No. 141. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 No. 142. Standard 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
No other standards to be shown.
Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon). —
No. 143. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50
Table Decorations. —
No. 144. Oblong table, laid for four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. If Sweet Peas are used, flow- ers other than Gypsophila must be used in combina- tion. 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 145. Fifteen vases. No
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
No. 146. Five vases, 25 flower stems
in vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 147. Twelve vases 4 . 50 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Hemerocallis (Day Lilies). —
No. 148. Display 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 149. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 150. Other early varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
24
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1949
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 151. Any named red variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 152. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry. —
Display of Small Fruits. —
No. 156. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 157. Any named variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 158. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 159. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 160. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 153. Wild, one quart
No. 154. Cultivated, one pint, named
1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Currants, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 155. Wilder
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums— Back of book
Thursday, July 28
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 161. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00
No. 162. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
No. 163. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
Gladiolus. —
No. 164. Ten vases, named varieties,
one spike in each 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 165. Bowl or vase 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Larkspur, annual. —
No. 166. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Flower Arrangement (Workshop Group). —
No. 167. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 168. Astrachan 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 169. Yellow Transparent 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 170. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry, one quart. —
No. 171. Cultivated, one pint 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 172. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 173. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 174. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Fruit Display. —
No. 175. At least two kinds of Fruit. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 176 Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 177. Summer 2. 50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 178. Irish Cobbler 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 179. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables (not commerciargrowers). —
No. 180. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, August 4
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 181. Display, 18 sq.ft. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 182. Basket, mixed 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
The Coulson Fund
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
E. Container to be furnished and
flowers to be grown by exhibitor 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
* * *
Gladiolus. —
No. 183. Display (not to exceed
50 square feet) 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00
Salpiglossis. —
No. 184. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 185. Twelve vases, named varieties,
one truss in each vase 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Zinnia, large flowered. —
No. 186. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 187. Vase, arrangement for effect 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Blueberry. —
No. 188. Cultivated, one pint, any named
variety 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 189. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 190. Oldenburg 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 191. Astrachan 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 192. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No . 193 . Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 194. Copenhagen 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 195. Any other named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 196. Yellow, Sweet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 197. Chippewa 2.00 2.50 1.00 .50
No. 198. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. —
No. 199. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 200. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Gladiolus Exhibition
Thursday, August 11
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gladiolus. —
No. 201. Display (not to exceed 50 sq. ft.). Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 202. Twenty vases, one spike in
each, preferably named 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Table Arrangement. —
No. 203. Gladiolus 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
Aster, large flowered, long stem. —
No. 204. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Salpiglossis. —
No 205. Bowl 2.00 1.00 .50
Annuals. —
No. 206. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 207. Williams 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 208. For seasonable varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 209. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 210. Dwarf, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 211. Pole, any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
30 WORCESTEK COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Bean, String, one-half peck. —
No. 212. Kentucky Wonder 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. —
No. 213. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 214. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cucumber, for pickles. —
No. 215. One-half peck 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 216. Any named variety (excepting
summer varieties) 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 217. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 218. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, August 18
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m. Gladiolus. —
No. 219. Standard of gladiolus 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No other standards to be shown. No. 220. Basket, large. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Zinnia. —
No. 221. Display, notify the Secretary two days
in advance 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3. 00 2.00 1.00
Dahlia.—
No. 222. Display. Single, pompon,
and miniature 3 . 00 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 00
Display of Garden Flowers. —
No. 223. Not to exceed 24 square
feet 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
No. 224. Small Display, 12 square feet 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days
in advance.
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 225. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors may use own containers. Twenty-five dollars maybe used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Highest award not to exceed $1.00. One entry from each exhibitor.
Aster, single or anemone. —
No. 226. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Apples, twelve specimens.—
No. 227. Early Mcintosh 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 228. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 229.' Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
32 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Plums, twelve specimens. —
No. 230. Washington No. 231. Bradshaw No. 232. Imperial Gage
1.50 1.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
.50 .50 .50
No. 233. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 234. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 235. Early varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Pole, one-half peck. —
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 238. Sweet, not less than twelve rows
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 239. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 236. Shell
No. 237. String, any variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, August 25
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 240. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
No. 241. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 242. Basket, large, mixed 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Aster, large flowered. —
No. 243. Twelve vases, not less than four varieties, three
blooms in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
Xo. 244. Display 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Dahlia.—
LARGE FLOWERED. —
No. 245. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Zinnia. —
SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY. —
No, 246. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 247. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 248. Container to be furnished by Exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 249. Gravenstein 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 250. Red Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 251. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Plum.—
No. 252. Display, no restriction as to
arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 253. Golden Jubilee 2. 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 254. Carmen 1 . 50 1 . 00 , 50
No. 255. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 256. Clapp's Favorite 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 257. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 258. Wonder Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 259 Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 ..50
Vegetables. —
No, 260. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to cany without contents falling off. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, September 1
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 261. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 262. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 No. 263. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned
and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five
dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to
exceed $2.00. Wild Flowers. —
No. 264. Fifteen vases, no
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Dahlia.—
Xo. 265. Standard — Dahlias
predominating 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No other standards to be shown. Gladiolus. —
No. 266. Basket 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Aster. —
No. 267. Display, not exceeding
25 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Scabiosa. —
No. 268. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lilies.—
No. 269. Vase 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.00
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 270. Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 271. Any other variety 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 272. Wealthy 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apple, Crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 273. Hyslop 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
36
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1949
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 274. Seedlings
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 275. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 276. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 277. Any other variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 282. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 283. Other varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 278. No. 279. No. 280. No. 281.
Golden Varieties Lombard Burbank New varieties
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 284. Squash
No. 285. Varieties not scheduled
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 286. Bonny Best
No. 287. Beauty
No. 288. Any other variety
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, one-half peck. —
No. 289. Bush Lima No. 290. Pole Lima
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 291. Any named variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Celery, (named) six specimens. —
No. 292. Any variety
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Carrot, twelve specimens. —
No. 293. Any variety
2.00 1.50 1.00
.50
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
37
Egg Plant.—
No. 294. Three specimens
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 295. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
Xo. 296. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, September 8
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 297. Display 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 298. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 299. Metal container of cut flowers, container to be
furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor.
Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award
not to exceed $2.00.
Dahlia.—
No. 300. Twenty vases, one flower in
each vase 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 301. Vase or basket 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 302. Fifteen vases, one spike
in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Marigold. —
No. 303. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 304. Seedlings 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 305. New varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 306. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 307. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 308. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 309. Elberta, early 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 310. Any other variety 2. 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 311. Display, no restriction as to
arrangement 8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
39
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 312. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 313. Green Mountain 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 314. Moore's Early 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 315. Ontario 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 316. Fredonia 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 317. Varieties not scheduled. Five dollars for prizes.
No. 318. New varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 319. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Melon, three specimens. —
No. 320. Green Flesh 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 321. Yellow Flesh 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 322. Water 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cucumber, three specimens. —
No. 323. Any variety 1 : 50 1 . 00 .50
Tomato. —
No. 324. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables (not commercial growers) . —
No. 325. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia Exhibition
Thursday, September 15
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Dahlia- No. 326. Display (not to exceed 50 square feet). Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the secretary two days in advance.
No. 327. Twelve vases, one flower
ineach 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
No. 328. Single varieties, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 329. Basket of large flowered 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 . 00 No. 330. Pompon, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Display of Flower Arrangement. —
No. 331. Not to cover more than 20 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Not more than twelve receptacles to be used. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. No baskets.
Scale of Points by Which the Above Class is to be Judged
Arrangement of flowers 40 points
Quality of flowers 35 points Proportion and harmony of flowers
with receptacles 25 points
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 332. Cut flowers in vases. Not more than twenty vases to be used. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
41
Edwin Draper Fund
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
F. Display of Potted Plants. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 333. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
|
Xo. 334. Milton |
9 _ . |
i |
ou |
i i . |
on uu |
OU |
||||
|
Pear, twelve specimens. — |
||||||||||
|
No. 335. Seckel 3. |
00 2. |
50 |
2. |
00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 336. Any variety, not scheduled |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|||||
|
Peach. — |
||||||||||
|
No. 337. Elberta |
2. |
50 |
2. |
00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
||
|
No. 338. Any other variety |
2. |
50 |
2. |
00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 |
||
|
Quince, twelve specimens. — |
||||||||||
|
No. 339. Orange |
2. |
00 |
1. |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|||
|
Grape, three clusters. — |
||||||||||
|
No. 340. Brighton |
2. |
00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|||
|
No. 341. Campbell |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|||||
|
No. 342. Worden |
3. |
00 |
2.50 |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
|
No. 343. Concord |
3. |
00 |
2 |
.50 |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
No. 344. Delaware |
2 |
.50 |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
||
|
No. 345. Niagara |
3.00 |
2 |
.50 |
2 |
.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
|
No 346. Moore's Diamond |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
No. 347. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 348. New varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 349. Basket of Fancy Grapes
(baskets furnished) 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 350. Warren 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 351 . Golden Hubbard 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 352. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 353. Butternut 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 354. Golden Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
42
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Cabbage, three specimens.—
No. 355. Red
No. 356. Savoy
No. 357. Any other variety
Cauliflower. —
No. 358. Three specimens
Broccoli. —
No. 359. Three specimens
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 360. Market Basket of Vegetables. Basket furnished by Society. Baskets to be so rilled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Thirty, dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, September 22
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 361. Display, 18 sq. ft. 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 362. Large Basket. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia.—
No. 363. Thirty vases, one flower in each. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 364. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
Cosmos. —
No. 365. Display. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 366. Container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, one flat. —
No. 367. Mcintosh 4.00 3.50 3.00 2. 50 2.00 1.00
No. 368. Any variety not scheduled
3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 369. Hubbardston 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 370. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 371. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 372. Sutton Beauty 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 373. Sheldon 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 374. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. Twenty
dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance.
Peach. —
No. 375. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Grapes. —
No. 376. Display of Grapes. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Peppers. —
No. 377. Display. Twenty dollars to be used for prizes.
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 378. Green Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 379. Varieties not scheduled 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 380. Three specimens. 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 381. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two davs in advance.
Thursday, September 29
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. rn.
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 382. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
No. 383. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 384. Basket, mixed 5 . 00 4 . 50 4 . 00 3 . 50 3 . 00
Standard of Gut Flowers. —
Xo. 385. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum. —
No. 386. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Table Decorations — Fruit. —
No. 387. Oblong table laid for four covers.
No restriction as to grower. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
Xo. 388. Mcintosh 4.50 4.00 3. 50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apple, three flats. —
No. 389. Three varieties 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 390. Mcintosh 5.50 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 391. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apples, twenty-five specimens.
No. 392. Any named variety. 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Display of Fruit. —
No. 393. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be
used for prizes. No. 394. Basket of fancy fruit
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
46
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 395. Bosc 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 396. Basket of Fancy Pears
(Baskets furnished) 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 397. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Pumpkins, three specimens. —
No 398. Sweet 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 399. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Parsley. —
No. 400. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, six specimens. —
No. 401. Golden 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 402. Other varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 403. Blue Hubbard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 404. Collection 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 405. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 6
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 406. Display. Thirty-five dollars may be awarded for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. —
No. 407. Cut flowers in vases. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Arrangement of Dried Material. —
No. 408. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
Cacti and Succulents. —
No. 409. Not to exceed 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
Apple, one flat. —
No. 410. Baldwin 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 411. Any other variety except
Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 412. Collection, not to exceed
10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
No. 413. Any variety not scheduled 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
|
No. 414. |
Baldwin 3.50 3 |
.00 |
2 |
.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 .50 |
|
|
No. 415. |
Golden Delicious |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 .50 |
||||
|
No. 416. |
Winter Banana |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 .50 |
||||
|
No. 417. |
R. I. Greening |
2. |
50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
,00 .50 |
||
|
No. 418. |
Northern Spy |
2 |
50 2.00 |
1, |
.50 |
1. |
00 .50 |
||
|
No. 419. |
Mcintosh |
3 |
00 |
2 |
50 2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
00 .50 |
|
No. 420. |
Cortland |
2, |
.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 .50 |
||
|
No. 421. |
Rome Beauty |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 .50 |
|||
|
No. 422. |
Delicious |
3. |
00 |
2. |
50 2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1. |
00 .50 |
|
No. 423. |
New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. |
48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Apple, twelve specimens. — (continued)
No. 424. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 425. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen
dollars may be used for prizes. No. 426. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 427. Basket of fancy apples
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 428. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 429. Angouleme 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 430. Clairgeau 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 431. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 432. Lawrence 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 433. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 434. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 435. Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 436. Champion 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 437. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 438. Golden 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 439. Summer Pascal 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 440. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Endive. —
No. 441. Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Leeks. —
No. 442. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
49
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 443. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Salsify.—
No. 444. Twelve specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 445. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, four varieties (named). —
No. 446. Twelve specimens of each 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Turnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 447. English Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 448. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grains. —
No. 449. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Field Beans. —
No. 450. Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
No. 451. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Chrysanthemum Exhibition
Thursday, Nov. 10, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 11, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 12, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 13, 12 m. to 9 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Chrysanthemums, Commercial varieties. —
Use catalogue of Charles H. Totty Co., Madison, N. J. No. 452. Twelve blooms, not less than
six varieties, to be named 12.00 10.00 8.00
No. 453. Collection of twenty-five large
blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00
Xo. 454. Pompons, display in vases, not more than 18 vases,
5 stems in each 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No. 455. Single varieties, display in vases, not more than 18 vases,
5 stems in each 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00
No. 456. Anemones, display in vases, not more than 18 vases,
5 stems in each 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00
No. 457. Three pots Chrysanthemums 15.00 10.00 8.00 No. 458. One pot Chrysanthemums 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Standard Commercial Varieties. —
Use .Totty's Catalogue, Madison, N. J.
No. 459. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 5.00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 460. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 461. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 462. Any other color 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet.
Exhibition Varieties. —
No. 463. Any color 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet.
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
51
Chrysanthemums. —
No. 464. Basket of Pompons
5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 No. 465. Basket of Single 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Xo. 466. Basket of Anemones 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00 Arrangement not to exceed 30 inches in height and width. Garden Displays. —
No. 467. Exhibitors occupying approximately
Xo. 468.
|
400 square feet |
Xo. 1 |
260 . 00 |
|
Xo. 2 |
250.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
240 00 |
|
|
No. 4 |
230.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
200 square feet |
No. 1 |
125.00 |
|
No. 2 |
115.00 |
|
|
No. 3 |
105.00 |
|
|
No. 4 |
95.00 |
|
|
Exhibitors occupying approximately |
||
|
100 square feet |
No. 1 |
65.00 |
|
Xo. 2 |
55.00 |
Xo. 469.
Scale of Points by which the above class is to be judged. Arrangement 50 points
Quality 35 points
Variety 15 points
* * *
Plant Displays. —
No. 470. Total Allotment 50 . 00
Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition. Flower Arrangement, Chrysanthemums. —
No. 471. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Highest award not to exceed $2.00.
G. Special Exhibits. Flowering Plants other than Chrysanthemums. —
Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Frederick A. Blake Fund
H. Chrysanthemums— Best bloom 4.00 3.00 2.00
I. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be awarded for prizes.
52
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Special Prizes In Memory of Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage
J. Table Decorations. — A Thanksgiving table. No restric- tions. Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Fifty dollars to be used for prizes.
* * *
Fern Globes. —
No. 472. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Terrariums.—
No. 473. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 474. Small — Containers must not ex- ceed 18 inches in any dimension 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Fruit Display. —
No. 475. Must contain at least two kinds of fruit. No restric- tion as to arrangement, not to exceed 30 square feet. Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Apple Display. —
No. 476. 50 square feet. One hundred and fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 477. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 478. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 479. Delicious 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 480. Cortland 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 481. Other named varieties. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 482. Basket of Fancy Apples 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 483. Basket of Fancy Pears 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 484. Baldwin 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 485. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 486. Mcintosh 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 487. Cortland 2.50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
53
Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund
A. Northern Spy. —
Four premiums 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
B. Roxbury Russet. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
C. Rhode Island Greening. —
Four premiums 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
D. Golden Delicious. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
E. Any other Variety. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 50
Pears, twelve specimens. —
No. 488. New varieties. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 489. Any other variety. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Native Nuts. —
No. 490. Display of native edible nuts. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 491. Best plate, one pint of each of the following: Chest- nuts, Butternuts, Black Walnuts, Hickory and Fil- bert nuts. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Brussels Sprouts. —
No. 492. Two one-quart baskets 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Carrots, twelve specimens. —
No. 493. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 494. Three specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 495. Pascal 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 496. Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 497. White Globe 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 498. Red Globe • 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 499. Ebenezer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 500. Yellow Dan vers 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 501. Any other variety. Eight dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 502. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 503. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 504. Blue Hubbard No. 505. Butternut No. 506. Buttercup No. 507. Table Queen Type No. 508. Any other variety
Turnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 509. Purple Top Globe
Turnip, six specimens. —
No. 510. Rutabaga
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 511. Green Mountain No. 512. Katahdin No. 513. Chippewa No. 514. Sebago No. 515. Any other variety Vegetables. —
No. 516. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished)
No. 517. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
|
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
2.50 2.00 |
i. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
l. |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
i |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
l. |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
i |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
l, |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
i |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
i |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
i |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
i |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
l. |
50 |
1. |
,00 |
.50 |
Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 1, 1949. Premiums will be paid on or after November 17, 1949.
1949] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 55
THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information.
COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Susie M. Bowker
Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian Dr. Burton N. Gates
Library Accessions for the Year 1948
Practical Field Crop Production for the Northeast, Ingram,
Van Wie, 1947 Roses of the World in Color, J. Horace McFarland, 1947 Woman's Home Companion Garden Book, John C. Wister, 1947 Our Flowering World, Rutherford Piatt, 1947 Flower Arrangement, Rockwell & Grayson, 1947 Hortus Second, S. H. and E. Z. Bailey, 1947 Bulbs for Beauty, Charles H. Mueller, 1947 Trees and Toadstools, M. C. Rayner, 1947 Flower Arrangements of the Americas, Cora M. O'Neal, 1947 Chrysanthemums for Pleasure, Ernest and Aleita Scott, 1947 Begonias for American Homes and Gardens, Helen K. Krauss, 1947 American Honey Plants, Frank C. Pellett, 1947 Hormones and Horticulture, Avery, Johnson, Addonis and Thomas
1947
African Violets, Helen Van Pelt Wilson, 1947
Iris, An Ideal Hardy Perennial, American Iris Society, 1947
Wild Flower Guide, Edgar Wherry, 1947
Plants of the Holy Scriptures, Eleanor King, 1941
Roses for Every Garden, R. C. Allen, 1948
Growth of Plants, William Crocker, 1948
56
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Dwarf Fruit Trees, Lawrence Southwick, 1948 Plants and Environment, R. F. Daubenmire, 1947 Mrs. Foote's Rose Book, Harriet R. Foote, 1948 Primula, Walter C. Blasdale, 1948 Guide to Eastern Ferns, Edgar T. Wherry, 1948 A B C of Orchid Growing, John V. Watkins, 1948 Gardening for Young People, M. G. Kains, 1941 Delphinium Year Book, 1947 American Rose Annual, 1948
Herbertia, Year Book devoted to the Amaryllids, Publication of the American Plant Life Society, 1947
Bulletins Received During 1948 as Follows:
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. Cornell University Experiment Station Arnold Arboretum
Quarterly Bulletins from the American Iris Society Quarterly Bulletins from the New England Gladiolus Society
Worcester County Horticultural Society
SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County
Exhibitions to be held on each Thursday beginning July 21 to August 25, 1949 inclusive Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street
W orcester, Massachusetts
Thursday, July 21
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cut Flower Display. —
No. 1. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 2. Basket 1.00 .75 .50
' No. 3. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection (Any flowers not called to- day. ) To be named 1 . 00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 4. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 5. Three vases, 5 stems 1.00 .75 .50
No. 6. Vase of mixed varieties 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 7. Five vases, 3 stems, to be named 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Carrots. —
No. 8. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 9. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 10. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
No. 11. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 12. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1949J SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 3
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 13. Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 14. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 15. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 16. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
No. 17. Basket of mixed varieties .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 18. Five vases, 3 stems, to be named .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Carrots. —
No. 19. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Beets. —
No. 20. Six specimens . 75 . 50 . 25
String Beans. —
No. 21. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 22. Two specimens : 75 . 50 , 25
No. 23. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, July 28
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Centurea. —
No. 24. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 25. Three vases, 5 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 26. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 27. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named 1.00 .75 .50
No. 28. Vase of cut flowers, mixed 1 . 00 .75 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 29. Display, not over 12 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
String Beans. —
No. 30. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 31. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 32. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Centaurea. —
No. 33. Three vases, 5 stems* .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 34. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
5
Marigold.—
No. 35. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 36. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
No. 37. Vase of cut flowers .75 .50 .25
Vegetables
No. 38. Display, not over 10 varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 50 Beets. —
No. 39. Six specimens 75 .50 25
String Beans. —
No. 40. Two quarts .75 50 25
No. 41. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 4
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Marigold. —
No. 42. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 43. Three vases, 5 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 44. Three vases, 3 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 45. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 46. Five vases, 3 stems 1.00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 47. Small container to be shown on mirror. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage. —
No. 48. Two heads 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 49. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Potatoes. —
No. 50. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 51. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 52. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 53. Market Basket 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 ..75
1949] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 7
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Marigold. —
No. 54. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Petunia. —
No. 55. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 56. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 57. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 58. Five vases, 3 stems. To be named .75 .50 .25 See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Flowers on Mirror. — No. 59. Small container to be shown on mirror. Four dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage. —
No. 60. Two heads % . 75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 61. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Potato.—
No. 62. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No^ 63. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 64. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 65. Market Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00 75
Thursday, August 1 1
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 66. Display, 15 square feet 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 67. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named -1.00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 68. Three vases, 5 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 69. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 70. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 71. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 72. Six ears 1 . 00 .75 .50
Cucumbers. —
No. 73. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 74. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 75. Display, 10 square feet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 76. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
1949] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9
Marigold. —
No. 77. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 . ,25
Zinnia. —
No. 78. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 79. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans. —
No. 80. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 81. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Cucumbers. —
No. 82. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 83. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 18
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cosmos. —
No. 84. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Zinnia.—
No. 85. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 86. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 87. Three vases, one spike in a vase.
To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 88. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 89. Basket, mixed 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 90. Six ears 1 . 00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 91. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Market Basket. —
No. 92. Baskets furnished by the Society and
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Cosmos. —
No. 93. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 94. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
11
Asters. —
No. 95. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 96. Three vases, one spike in a vase.
To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 97. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 98. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
Basket. —
No. 99. Cut flowers, mixed .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 100. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 101. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Market Basket. —
No. 102. Baskets furnished by the Society
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Thursday, August 25
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Display of Flowers. —
No. 103. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 104. Vase, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 105. Three vases, 3 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Petunia. — ^
No. 106. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 107. Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00
Zinnia. —
No. 108. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 109. Three vases, 3 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Cosmos. —
No. 110. Vase 1.00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 111. Five vases, 3 stems. To be
named 1.50 1.00 .50 .25
No. 112. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. —
No. 113. Not over 15 varieties
2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
Potato.—
No. 1 14. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 75 .50
Beets. —
No. 115. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
13
Carrots. —
No. 116. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 Shell Beans. —
No. 117. Two quarts in pods 1.00 .75 .50 String Beans. —
No. 1 18. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50 Sweet Corn. —
No. 119. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 Tomato.—
No. 120. Six specimens 1 . 25 1 . 00 .75 .50
Cucumber. —
No. 121. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 Summer Squash. —
No. 122. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 Winter Squash. —
No. 123. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 Celery. —
No. 124. Three specimens 1.00 .75 .50 Onion. —
No. 125. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 126. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 127. Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 128. Vase .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 129. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
Asters. —
No. 130. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
Petunia. —
No. 131. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
14
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1949
Marigolds. —
No. 132. Three vases, 3 stems
75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
Gladiolus. —
Xo. 133. Three vases, one spike in each. To be named
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 134. Three vases, 5 stems
Wild Flowers. —
No. 135. Five vases, 3 stems. To be named No. 136. Vase of Wild Flowers
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. —
No. 137. Not to exceed 12 varieties
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75
Beets. —
Xo. 138. Six specimens
Summer Squash. —
No. 139. Two specimens
String Beans. —
No. 140. Two quarts Shell Beans. —
No. 141. Two quarts Potato.—
No. 142. Twelve specimens Sweet Corn. —
No. 143. Six ears Tomato. —
No. 144. Six specimens Carrots. —
No. 145. -Six specimens
Cucumber. —
No. 146. Two specimens
Green Peppers. —
No. 147. Six specimens
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
1.00 .75 .50
1.00 .75 .50
1.00 .75 .50
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
.75 .50 .25
Xo. 148. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
15
Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits.
Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Seniors, between 15 and 21 years and Juniors, those under 15 years.
The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by two o'clock p.m.
All varieties of flowers and vegetables shall be named.
Each vase shall have two or more flowers each, except when otherwise specified.
In all exhibits of Wild Flowers only those falling in groups II and III of the Hadwen Botanical Club leaflet may be shown. Wild flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
At no time shall the exhibit contain more than one-third from group II.
Ask the secretary for leaflet of the Hadwen Botanical Club showing flowers not to be exhibited.
The judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens.
Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition season.
Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished b}T the Horticultural Society.
CHILDREN'S EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
H. Ward Moore, Chairman Allen J. Jenkins Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William B. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport
Transactions of Worcester County Horticultural Society
Officers for the Year 1951 Reports of the Officers and Lectures
Year Ending December 7, 1950 30 Elm Street, Worcester, Massachusetts
OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES
of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
For the Year 1951
PRESIDENT
ALLEN W. HIXON, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
LESLIE E. WINTER
Worcester, Mass.
ROBERT S. ILLINGWORTH
Worcester, Mass.
EARL T. HARPER, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, of North Grafton Horticultural Hall, 50 Elm Street
TREASURER
FRANK R. HEATH, JR., Auburn
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, of Worcester
Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop John J. Bridgeman Ralph C. Breed Chesterfield Fiske Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles W. Potter Albert W. Schneider George F. E. Story Mrs. Emily S. Taft H. Sidney Vaughan Mrs. E. W. Whitin
TRUSTEES
Sutton Arthur D. Keown Wilkinsonville
Auburn Herbert E. Berg Worcester
Clinton Ernest P. Bennett Worcester
Northboro Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Worcester
Boylston Mrs. Anna S. Converse Worcester
Boylston Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Worcester
Shrewsbury Mrs. Florence C. Emory Worcester
Shrewsbury Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Worcester
Auburn Ernest Hansen Worcester
West Boylston Mrs. Ina E. Hassett Worcester
Clinton Allyne W. Hixon Worcester
Leicester Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs Holden
Oxford William B. Midgley Worcester
Northboro H. Ward Moore Worcester
No. Uxbridge Mrs. Amy W. Smith Worcester
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Malcolm C Midgley, 1951 Allen W. Hixon, 1952
Harry Harrison, 1955
W arren G. Davis, 1951
NOMINATING COMMITTEE Bradley B. Gilman, 1953
Carleton Claflin, 1952
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS Mrs. Amy \V. Smith, Chairman Dr. Burton N. Gates Mrs. Susie M. Bowker
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Florence E. Field, Librarian
S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Amv \V. Smith
ON NOMENCLATURE
Ernest Hansen
Allen J. Jenkins Charles Potter
Chesterfield Fiske Mrs. Emily W. Taft Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Mrs. Rose C. Fitzpatricl H. Ward Moore Mrs. Ina E. Hassett Mrs. Florence E. Field William B. Midglev
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman
Allvne W. Hixon
Charles Potter Elizabeth R. Bishop Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey Leslie E. Winter Earl T. Harper Arthur D. Keown
Herbert E. Berg Allen W. Hixon, President S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Harrv C. Midslev
AI. "1)1 TORS
Harrison G. Tavlor
JUDGES
Plants and Flowers: Fruit: Vegetables: Wild Flowers:
Herbert E. Berg, Worcester Homer O. Mills, Sutton H. Ward Moore, Worcester Mrs. Dorothv L. Salter
Allen W. Hixon, Chat
MEDAL COMMITTEE
S. Lothrop Davenport
Mrs. Bertha G. Denny
Earl T. Harper
H. Sidnev Vaushan
ON WINTER MEETINGS Allen W. Hixon, Chairman Mrs. Susie M. Bowker S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Harrison G. Taylor Robert S. Illingworth
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
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Earl T. Harper, Vice President
President's Address
To the Members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society:
As we meet once more in annual session to report the accom- plishments of this past year and to formulate the policies for the future, we cannot but pause during our deliberations fully realizing that our leader and counselor for so many years is no longer with us. We appreciate the privilege that has been ours in knowing him and working with him, as our lives are much richer for having known him. Therefore, let us rededicate our- selves to further the interests of this Society along the construc- tive policies formulated and so ably executed by our late past president, Mr. Myron F. Converse.
The lectures held during January and February were so well attended that the Committee is concerned about their future. Many people were turned away each week, as our hall was filled to capacity. We all enjoyed the artistic arrangements displayed in the West Hall, and I sincerely hope the exhibitors will continue this added feature. Our Annual Reunion was again very well attended, and continues to be the annual social function of this Society.
Our flower shows have certainly maintained their excellent reputation, and we have received many favorable comments upon their improvement. I recommend most sincerely to the Committee on Arrangements that they continue their coopera- tive efforts to further the interest of individuals in participating in our exhibitions. We should be ever mindful that we can no longer expect private estates to make our shows. In order to maintain our present standards, it becomes necessary to make our calls of sufficient interest to the commercial grower and home owner, that he will want to participate.
May I again compliment the efforts of Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick, who so willingly has conducted classes in flower arrangement. I think that we will all agree that her efforts
6 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
have certainly brought forth a marked improvement in the arrangement classes. I heartily recommend the continuance of this worthwhile instruction.
During the Fall Chrysanthemum Show, it was my pleasure to present to the future horticulturists of this county prizes for their gardens. Let us continue to encourage the youth of today. I recommend to the Finance Committee an increased appropria- tion for the further development of this program. "It is better to build boys, than to mend men/'
Many major improvements have been made this past year within our building. We all appreciate the clean interior, as the whole building has been redecorated inside and out. The new draperies in the library have helped to enhance its beauty, and the new chairs in the banquet hall have helped to further the enjoyment afforded the inner man.
I wish to take this occasion to thank the members of the Board of Trustees, the members of the various committees and the members of the staff who have assisted me and the other officers who carry on our work at Horticultural Hall. We have a very loyal and devoted organization, and I am sure I express the opinion of you all, when I say that we are fortunate indeed. In summary I may say very briefly that we are in an excellent position not only financially, but in respect to our accomplish- ments and reputation.
Our Society is envied by all like organizations in these United States. We have a long record of distinguished service to horti- culture, and I am sure that in the years ahead we may confidently expect a continual growth in our membership, and a constant development of our facilities of service to members and to the public.
Respectfully submitted,
Allen W. Hixon, President
Secretary's Report, 1950
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Winter Meetings
This year the Society continued the regular winter lectures starting on January 5 and continuing each Thursday afternoon during January and February.
The following illustrated lectures were presented :
January 5, "Colorful Mexico/' by Captain Bob Danskins, Pluckemin, N. J.
January 12, "This Land of Ours/' by Mr. Edward F. Cross, New York, N. Y.
January 19, "Wild Flowers of New England/' by Mr. H. Maye Smith, West Somerville, Mass.
January 26, "California Odyssey/' by Mr. William W. Harris, Swampscott, Mass.
February 2, "High, Wide and West/' by Mr. George W. Bailey, Lyndeborough, N. H.
February 9, "Mediterranean Shores," by Dr. George H. Furbay, Kansas City.
February 16, "Trinidad," by Mr. Arthur Moulton, Maiden, Mass.
February 23, "Hawaiian Scenes and Flowers," by Mr. Richard S. Cowan, New York City.
This was a varied and interesting series of illustrated lectures, and well received by the public. Each week the hall was prac- tically full and several times we had to turn people away.
The most outstanding lecture of the season was on January 26, when Mr. William W. Harris presented his lecture, "Cal- ifornia Odyssey," to an overflowing house.
He showed many beautiful pictures of the West and presented his lecture in a clear, interesting manner.
This year each Thursday afternoon, on the days of the lectures,
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 9
we had an added attraction in the West Hall, for members of the Workshop Group presented their attractive handiwork with flower arrangements, expressing each week a timely subject. These were greatly appreciated by all and we thank the Work- shop Group.
Annual Reunion
On Thursday evening, April 13, 1950, the Society held its 109th Annual Reunion.
The Library, scene of the reception, was beautifully decorated with arrangements of snapdragons, daffodils and orchids.
In the receiving line with President and Mrs. Allen Hixon were Mr. and Mrs. Myron F. Converse, Dr. and Mrs. Clement Hahn, Mr. and Mrs. Carl B. Ullman, and Dr. Clarence P. Ouimby, guest speaker of the evening.
Following the reception, a turkey dinner was served in the banquet hall, which had been attractively decorated with carnations and snapdragons, arranged by members of the Work- shop Group.
President Hixon extended words ol welcome to all, and com- mended the Workshop Group for the excellence of the floral arrangements.
After introducing the guests at the head table, President Hixon introduced the guest speaker for the evening, Dr. Clarence P. Ouimby, headmaster of Cushing Academy, who spoke on " Yankee Tradition/' Dr. Ouimby gave a most interesting ad- dress, speaking of three Yankee traditions. First, curiosity; second, that economic conscience, "Pay as you go"; and third, work for what we get. He said, we had wandered a long way from these principles, and we are getting to be a generation of watchers and listeners, instead of a generation of doers.
After Dr. Ouimby's address, all adjourned to the auditorium where the Polytechnic Glee Club, under the direction of Mr. Clifford F. Green, presented an enjoyable program.
Garden Lectures
Again this year, our Society, in cooperation with the Worcester County Extension Service, presented a series of lectures during April and May on "Landscaping Your Home/'
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
As home building continues to be one of the major construction projects, so landscaping the home grounds was a most important and timely subject.
On April 18, Dr. Donald Wyman of the Arnold Arboretum, spoke on "Permanent Plantings for the Home Grounds — Trees, Shrubs, and Vines/'
On April 25, Professor Paul Dempsey, of the Waltham Field Station, spoke on, "Flowers, Annuals and Perennials and Lawns for the Home Grounds." Mr. Robert Betram, of the University of Massachusetts, was also on the program that evening and spoke on "Hawaiian Plants Suitable for New England."
On May 2, Professor Alfred Boicourt, from the University of Massachusetts, presented the subject, "Landscaping Your Home for Better Living."
These lectures were presented with slides, plant material, and demonstration, which made a most interesting and instructive course of lectures with an average attendance of over a hundred.
Flower Arrangement Workshop
This year, for the sixth season, the Society offered a series of eight lectures of flower arrangement under the supervision of Mrs. Charles A. Fitzpatrick.
The classes were held each Thursday afternoon, beginning June 8 and ending August 3 (with the exception of June 22).
Instruction was given in all types of composition, arrangements for flower shows, homes, parties, dining tables, churches, etc. Emphasis was placed on the practical application of design in relation to flower arrangement and the principles governing it. Advice was also given on the selection of vases, holders, and accessories, proper selection and use of various plant mate- rials, etc. These classes have stimulated interest in flowers and flower arrangement and are creating potential exhibitors, and could well be continued.
Again this year, we offered a flower arrangement class for juniors, but as yet we have not been able to interest many of the young people, and I doubt if it is advisable to continue this project another year, unless we can get greater response from the junior groups.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
11
Young People's Gardens
This year, for the second time, the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society, in cooperation with the 4-H group of the W orcester County Extension Service, for the purpose of stimu- lating interest in gardening, offered $248 in prizes to be awarded to the best beginners, juniors, and seniors flower and vegetable gardens in Worcester County this season.
The contest was open to any boy or girl in Worcester County under 21 years of age.
There were six contests with a total of seventy-two prizes offered as follows:
1. Beginners vegetable gardens of 250 sq. ft.
2. Juniors vegetable gardens of 500 sq. ft.
3. Seniors vegetable gardens of 1000 sq. ft.
4. Beginners flower gardens of 100 sq. ft.
5. Juniors flower gardens of 200 sq. ft.
6. Seniors flower gardens of 500 sq. ft.
There were no restrictions on varieties of vegetables and flowers to be grown, and the only requirement was that the garden to be eligible for a prize must be the result of the indi- vidual's effort from the time of planting.
There were over one hundred and fifty boys and girls that registered for this contest, representing twenty towns and one city in Worcester County. Most all of the contestants carried through their project and fifty-nine won prizes as follows:
Four winners in the beginners flower gardens, three girls and one boy.
Seven winners in the juniors flower gardens, six girls and one boy.
One winner, a boy, in the seniors flower gardens.
Fifteen winners in the beginners vegetable gardens, thirteen boys and two girls.
Sixteen winners in the juniors vegetable gardens, twelve boys and four girls.
Sixteen winners in the seniors vegetable gardens, thirteen boys and three girls.
Nine of this year's prize winners were also winners in last year's contest.
12 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
This has been a most interesting and worthwhile contest for the boys and girls of Worcester County and I would recom- mend that it be continued and enlarged for 1951.
Exhibitions, 1950
Although this year, we had some severe dry periods, the development of flowers, fruits, and vegetables was about normal, and they were ready for the calls as scheduled.
The season opened with an excellent four-day Spring Show on March 9, with Berg's Greenhouses taking the stage, Hixon's Greenhouses the center of the Hall, while Allen's, Sunnyside, Parsons, and Garrepy Greenhouses filled the sides. The rest of the building was well filled with fine displays of fruits, flowers, flower arrangements by the Workshop Group, and vegetables. A woodland scene in the West Hall was arranged by the Worcester County Landscape Gardeners. We also had an excellent showing of African violets, the finest I have seen anywhere.
This year we had many outstanding exhibits of flowers, fruits, and vegetables throughout the summer. There were excellent displays of spring bulbs, tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, etc., high quality roses each week, from May to October, some of the finest iris that we have had for years, an excellent display of gloxinias, and a grand showing of gladioli for several weeks. Many beau- tiful standards, baskets, and flower arrangements have all helped to maintain our high standard of quality.
The new call for herbs brought out five exhibitors who made an excellent showing with over forty different herbs. This season was favorable for the development of most fruits, except peaches, and we had some of the best exhibits of raspberries, blueberries, and apples that we have had for years. Although only a few peaches were shown during the year they were of good size and quality.
Many excellent vegetables were shown this year, especially rhubarb, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, squash, etc.
The season ended with the usual chrysanthemum exhibition November 9 to 12 inclusive. The lobby and main hall were filled with well arranged, high quality chrysanthemums of many types and color. In the West Hall, the Worcester County
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 13
Landscape Gardeners had on one side an attractive outdoor scene with hardy mums, while on the opposite side Mr. Butter- worth, of Framingham, had a most attractive exhibit of orchids. The downstairs hall was well filled with some fine displays of fruit, vegetables, more chrysanthemums in the west section, and in the lobby an excellent display of African violets.
Children's Exhibitions
The children's exhibits were again held t<his year on Thursday afternoons in the West Hall, as part of the regular exhibits, under the supervision of Airs. Bertha G. Denny, member of the Children's Exhibition Committee.
Six exhibits were held, starting on July 20 and ending on August 24. Almost every class in the schedule had at least one entry, and many had three to six, the highest having twenty-four.
Some of the most popular flower calls have been flowers on a mirror, wildflowers, cosmos, zinnias, marigolds and gladioli, while the most popular vegetable calls have been market baskets, beets, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, etc.
The final exhibit on August 24 was the best of the season, with almost every class filled with excellent material.
For 1951 exhibits, I would suggest that we have a call for blueberries, and would further urge that all children who intend to exhibit should enter the Young People's Garden Contest.
Respectfully submitted,
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
December 7, 1950
Treasurer's Report
For the Year Ended November 30, 1950
Income
Rent of Front Street real estate $59,999.96
Rent of Horticultural Hall, Elm Street 1,061.00
Membership dues 140.00
Interest from invested funds 591.18
Total income $41,792.14
Expenses
Educational program and winter meetings $1,688.88
Expense of exhibits 991 .04
Library 75.37
Periodicals 101.65
Publications 1,602.90
Office expense 816.92
Operating expense 1,265.49
Miscellaneous expense 672.59
Insurance 367.82
Light, heat, and water 1,940.90
Janitor service 4,204.35
Maintenance of real estate 8,917.63
Premiums awarded:
Flowers $8,254.25
Fruit 1,068.50
Vegetables 1,173.00
Children's exhibits 307.90
Total awards 10,805.65
Supervision of children's gardens 479.73
Salaries and judges' fees 4,158.00
Total expense
Excess of income over expenses
58,084.92
$5,707.22
STATEMENT OF CONDITION
November 50, 1950
Assets
Current Assets
Cash in bank and on hand $486.78
Accounts receivable, Restricted Funds 144.75
Total current assets $651.55
Investments (in Savings Banks)
Building Fund 10,085.57
Invested Funds 15,447.59
Membership Funds 6,175.08
Retirement Fund 5,065.96
Total investments _ 52,770.00
Restricted Funds
Bigelow Fund, U. S. Treasury Bond 1,000.00
Bigelow Fund, Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank 111.02
Blake Fund, Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank. . . 1,085.02 Coulson Fund, Worcester Count v Institution for
Savings 1,045.96
Dewey Fund, Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank. . 1,040.60
Draper Fund, Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank.. 576.75
Eames Fund, Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank. . 516.54
Gage Fund, Worcester County Inst, for Savings. . . . 5,000.00
Hadwen Fund, People's Savings Bank 1,105.81
Morse Fund, Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank . . 522.01
McWilliam Fund, Worcester Mechanics Savings Bank 266.66
Total restricted funds 12,068.57
Fixed Assets
Real estate 500,000.00
Furniture and fixtures 20,214.97
Total fixed assets _ " 520,214.97
Total Assets $565,684.87
Liabilities and Surplus
Current Liabilities
Note payable — Wore. Five Cents Savings Bank. . . . $1,200.00
Accounts payable — Judges 540.00
Employees withheld taxes 83.50
Total current liabilities $1,825.50
Reserves for Restricted Funds 12,068.57
Surplus
Balance— December 1, 1949 548,085.78
Add — fiscal year operating gain 5,707.22
Balance— November 50, 1950 ~ ~ 551,793.00
Total Liabilities and Surplus. . $565,684.87
Respectfully submitted,
Frank R. Heath, Jr.
16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
AUDIT REPORT
W orcester, Massachusetts December 6, 1950
To the Standing Committee on Finance
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
We have examined the books of account of the Worcester County Horticul- tural Society for the year ended November 50, 1950, and present herewith the following statements:
Schedule 1 — Treasurer's Operating Report for the year ended November 30, 1950.
Schedule 2 — Statement of Condition as of November 50, 1950. Schedule 5 — Restricted Funds.
In our opinion the accompanying Statement of Condition and the Treas- urer's Operating Report presents fairly the financial position of the Worcester County Horticultural Society at November 50, 1950, and the results of its operations for the year then ended.
Very truly yours,
Henry C. Oberist & Co. By Stuart C. Oberist
AUDITOR'S CERTIFICATE
Worcester, Massachusetts December 6, 1950
We have caused an audit of the books of the Treasurer of the Worcester County Horticultural Society to be made for the year ended November 50, 1950, and the preceding certificate is hereby approved.
Respectfully submitted,
Harry C. Midgley, Harrison G. Taylor,
Auditors
Librarian's Report
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The year 1950 has been an unusually busy one. Some 1,228 books have been in circulation, many used for research in the Library and others taken out.
All books taken out are charged for two weeks. That is hardly long enough for the very technical volumes, which may be renewed at anytime, provided there is no waiting list. Bound periodicals and oversized and valuable books must be used in the Library.
Interest shown this year in order of popularity has been in floriculture, landscaping, flower arrangement and decoration, vegetable growing, pomology, trees and shrubs and diseases of plants.
It is still a fact, that in proportion to membership more books are loaned to Garden Club members in Worcester and Worcester County than to our own members.
The list of periodicals for reading in the Library is a much appreciated service.
Binding, indexing, and cataloguing are kept up to date.
The Library Committee endeavors to buy books which will strengthen our resources, with the purpose of meeting the needs of our patrons more effectively.
Accessions to the Library for the year 1950:
Flower Crojt, Patricia E. Roberts, 1949.
Florist's Crop Production and Marketing, Kenneth Post, 1949. Complete Book oj Flower Arrangement, Rockwell and Grayson, 1945. Winter Bouquets, Ruth Gannon, 1949. American Wild Flowers, Moldenke, 1949.
How to Beautijy and Improve Your Home Grounds, Henry B. Aul, 1949.
Iris jor Every Garden, Sydney B. Mitchell, 1950.
Principals oj Nursery Management, Willis P. Duruz, 1950.
A History oj Horticulture in America to 1860, U. P. Hedrick, 1950.
The Christmas Rose, Arthur L. and Mildred V. Luedy, 1948.
American Rose Annual, 1950.
18 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
Gardens and Gardening, Mercer and Hay, 1950. Introduction to Wild Flowers, Richard Morse, 1949.
Flowers to Know and to Grow, Audrey Wynne Hatfield, English, 1950. Tree Crops, J. Russell Smith, 1950.
A Natural History oj Trees, Donald Culross Peattie, 1950. Chrysanthemums jor Pleasure, Ernest L. and Aleita H. Scott, 1950. Poisonous Plants oj the United States, Walter Conrad Muenscher, 1949. The New England Gladiolus Society, 1949 Year Book. The Book oj the American Delphinium Society for 1949. Quarterly publications of the American Delphinium Society for 1950. Quarterly bulletins from The American Iris Society. Bulletins from Cornell University and the Arnold Arboretum.
Gifts from Mr. Gustaf Nelson:
The Nursery Manual, S. H. Bailey, 1925.
Manual oj Forestry jor the Northeastern United States, Revised, 1925. The Cultivated Evergreens, L. H. Bailey, 1930.
Books from the library of our late judge of flowers, William Anderson:
4 Vols. Cyclopedia of American Agriculture, L. H. Bailey, 1908.
4 Vols. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, L. H. Bailey, 1901.
Trees and Shrubs oj Massachusetts, 2 vols., G. B. Enerson, 1887.
English Gardens, H. Avray Tipping, London, 1925.
The Book oj Choice Ferns, 3 vols., George Schneider, English, 1893.
Edwards' Botanic Garden, 2 vols, in one book, drawings by Sydenham Edwards, English, 1812.
Thompson's Gardeners Assistant, 1 vol., Robert Thompson and Thomas Moore, London, 1884.
Herbals: A Chapter in the History oj Botany, 1470-1670, Agnes Arber.
A Naturalist in Western China, 2 vols., E. H. Wilson.
Select Ferns and Lycopods, British and Exotic, Benjamin Samuel Williams, London, 1875.
The Culture oj Vegetables and Flowers jrom Seeds and Book, Sutton & Sons, 6th Edition, London, 1895.
The Water Garden, William Tricker, 1897.
The Lilies oj Eastern Asia, Ernest H. Wilson, m.a., London, 1925. Residential Sites and Environments, Joseph Forsyth Johnson, N. Y., 1898. Cherries oj New York, U. P. Hedrick, 1915. The Principles oj Flower Arrangement, E. A. White, 1923. Lilies and Their Culture in North America, 1928. Irises, W. Rickatson Dykes, English. Grajling and Budding, Charles Baltet, English, 1910. Vines and Vine Culture, Archibald F. Barron, English, 1900. Handy Book oj Fruit Culture under Glass, David Thomson, English edition, 1881.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 19
Standardized Plant Names, 1925, American Joint Committee on Horticul- tural Nomenclature.
Jleehan s Monthly, A Magazine of Horticultural Botany and Kindred Subjects, Vol. Ill, Thomas Meehan, 1895.
My Rock Garden, Reginald Farrer, English edition, 1908.
The Treasury oj Botany, A Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable Kingdom, John Lindley and Thomas Moore, English, 1899.
The Forcing Book, L. H. Bailey, 1897.
Plant Breeding, L. H. Bailey, 1896.
The Horticulturist's Rule Book, L. H. Bailey, 1896.
Asparagus, F. M. Hexamer, 1901.
America's Greatest Garden: The Arnold Arboretum, E. H. Wilson, 1925. The Illustrated Dictionary oj Gardening: An Encyclopedia of Horticulture, 8 vols, with supplement, George Nicholson, English Edition.
Respectfully submitted,
Florence E. Field, Librarian
December 7, 1950
Report of Judge of Plants and Flowers
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
While the outside world is cloaked in snow and we are battling the elements of winter, our exhibitors in the Spring Show are busy planning.
Bulbs and shrubs have been aroused from their cold, dormant state and brought into the warmth, to bring them to the flower- ing stage weeks before they would have bloomed normally.
We little realize that this material has come across a continent er an ocean to make our Spring Show possible.
The first exhibition of the 1950 season was, as usual, well planned, the gardens of flowering bulbs and shrubs very colorful, and the material of exceptional quality. In the lower hall were plant and carnation displays.
In May, another group of gardeners exhibited flowers of outdoor culture which had survived the winter under blankets of leaves and straw. After a few weeks of spring sunshine, these exhibitors had gathered pansies, several varieties of narcissus and tulips, together with early flowering shrubs.
In June, German iris were shown in displays, collections with a single stem in a vase, as well as baskets. It certainly was a treat to see many more of this early favorite this year, due to favorable weather conditions. Peonies, too, were more plentiful and of good quality. The rose exhibits were excellent in the various classes.
In July, we saw displayed, sweet peas, Japanese iris, del- phinium, candidum and regal lilies, tuberous-rooted begonias, and hemerocallis.
Then came August with outstanding displays, baskets, vases, and standards of gladioli, one of the most useful flowers today. Then we had zinnias, asters, and dahlias, the majority of them of fine quality and set up in a pleasing manner. With Septem- ber, came the marigolds and the later varieties of dahlias and
22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 1950
gladioli. This is the month when the flowering season begins to taper off and we realize we are neanng the end of another successful summer season.
The larger cut flower displays along the east side of the hall were very fine all during the summer, while the smaller displays along the west wall were worthy of mention.
The children in the senior and junior groups have been setting up some very neat exhibits this past season.
We always anticipate the coming of the Chrysanthemum Show in November. Most of the material shown was of excep- tional quality and the garden displays certainly were outstanding with their array of colors ranging from the reds through the bronzes and yellows to rose, pink, and white, with shades in between, in solid colors or combinations. Chrysanthemums offering a wide range of varieties were displayed in the lower hall, in the calls for standards, pompons, anemones and singles.
An outstanding exhibit in the West Hall was a large display of orchids, a rare treat to our numerous visitors.
Terrariums and fern globes were shown in the upper hall. One exhibitor made out an itemized list of the contents which was educational to those of us who are not too familiar with the native plants.
When exhibiting flowers for competition, let us strive for quality of material, at all times, along with an appreciation for arrangement and color harmony.
Respectfully submitted,
William B. Midgley, Judge oj Plants- and Flowers
Report of Judge of Fruit
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
This, my first year as Judge of Fruit, was an interesting and rich experience. I am indebted to Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport and Mr. Ward Moore for their helpful assistance; also, to Prof. Wilbur Thies of the University of Massachusetts who judged the fruit exhibits at the Chrysanthemum Show.
Fruit displayed at the spring exhibition was good in spite of its long storage period. Displays by Mr. Arthur Keown and Air. Theodore Parker were very artistically done and the quality of the fruit, for this time of year, was good.
Strawberries were the first fruits of the 1950 season to be displayed in volume. Howard 17, Catskill, and Sparkle were the most popular varieties shown. The Sparkle variety with its high quality and excellent adaptability to quick freezing has considerable promise in this area. Three new varieties which have not yet been named were displayed by Mr. Daven- port. Mr. Walter J. Morin and Mr. Joseph Cummings exhibited two very attractive mass displays of strawberries.
During the summer shows, cherries, currants, and gooseberries were displayed but only in small amounts. Montmorency and Black Tartarian were the principal cherry varieties exhibited.
In mid-July, raspberries began to make their appearance and some commendable plates of Latham and Taylor were entered in competition. Blackberry displays were not numerous but those exhibited were good. Mrs. Ida O'Mara displayed some excellent blackberries during the season.
During late July and early August, blueberries — both cul- tivated and wild — were exhibited in good volume and of excellent appearance and quality. Cultivated blueberries seem to be growing in popularity in this area.
Peach displays were limited this year because of general crop failure in Worcester County. A January warm period stim- ulated peach bud development. This was followed by extremely low temperatures in February which killed peach buds. Mr.
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Davenport displayed the only peaches this summer. His new variety displays were excellent and many people commented about them. Early East, a large, yellow-fleshed peach of good quality and with bright red color, was outstanding in the new variety class. Dixie Red and New Jersey 129 were also shown and merit further testing.
The displays of grapes were one of the highlights of the fruit exhibits this year. Most of the common varieties plus some newer ones were displayed. They created considerable interest among those attending the show. Worden was the outstanding blue grape while Niagara took the lead among the white varieties.
Pears were displayed in small quantities. Generally speaking, the quality was good but there is room for improvement in displays of this particular fruit.
Apples made their first appearance at the August 3 show. For the remainder of the season they were displayed in good volume depicting the record 1950 local crop.
The Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition was second only to the Chrysanthemum Show in the amount and quality of apples displayed. Competition was keen. There were five to six entries in each variety class. All entries were above average in size, color, condition, and appearance.
The four apple displays at the Chrysanthemum Show were colorful and expertly done. Miss Hazel Trask, Mr. Arthur Keown, Mr. Theodore Parker, and Mr. S. Lothrop Davenport are to be commended for their fine displays at this show. Com- petition was keen in the plate and 49 classes. The baskets of fruit were also well done and helped to complete a very colorful and high quality fruit exhibit.
The displays of native edible nuts were unusually good and gave additional variety and interest to the overall show.
In conclusion, the judge suggests that we try to encourage even more of our local fruit producers to take part in our shows. Perhaps we could do even a better job of publicizing the weekly fruit shows. Also it is felt that colored 2 by 2 pictures might be taken during the season of the new fruit varieties which look promising. These pictures would have educational value at our winter meetings.
Respectfully submitted,
Homer O. Mills, Jr., Judge of Fruit
Report of Judge of Vegetables
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
My report for the Judge of Vegetables for the year 1950 will be very nearly a duplication of my 1949 report because the weatherman gave us very nearly the same climatic conditions.
At the March Show there were some very good exhibits of vegetables with an exceptionally fine showing of potatoes.
During May, June and the early part of July, the number of exhibits in most classes was small. There were some fine exhibits of rhubarb, peas, cabbage, beets, and lettuce.
The displays of vegetables throughout the season have been remarkably fine. Some of them have been so well arranged and so colorful that they have drawn much favorable comment and have added much to the attractiveness of the whole exhibition.
The market baskets of vegetables have been another attrac- tive feature of the vegetable department and have drawn very favorable comment from everyone. There were from ten to fifteen entries in each that were shown.
Another feature of our shows which draws much favorable comment are the exhibits of mushrooms. Many people are interested in them. Several of our exhibitors are able and glad to give them this information.
There were excellent displays of tomatoes, peppers, and squashes in September, of grains in October, and of gourds and edible nuts in November. The exhibit of edible nuts seemed to interest many of our patrons.
Six children's exhibitions were held from July 20 to August 24 inclusive. At the first three exhibitions, there were compara- tively few entries in most cases but the last three had many more exhibits and several new exhibitors and the quality of these vegetables was much better. We were glad to welcome several new exhibitors. Most of these new ones entered our exhibitions as a result of the Young People's Garden Contest
28 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
sponsored by our Society in conjunction with the 4-H Club of the Worcester County Extension Service. Many of them became leading prize winners in the classes which they entered.
I want to relate here an incident which happened when I visited one of the contestants in the Young People's Garden Contest I have mentioned previously. This lad was about ten years old and had moved with his parents to this location high on a hill overlooking the reservoir late in the spring and had started a garden. He was unable to give it very much care so that it was mostly grown up to grass and weeds but he did have a few fairly good carrots. He brought a half dozen to one of our children's exhibitions and received a ten-cent prize. You never saw a more pleased youngster. I hope we shall see him again next year.
We have had, I think, a very successful season in spite of all the hardships we have encountered and I trust that the year to come will be even better. Progress is always our motto.
Respectfully submitted,
H. Ward Moore, Judge oj Vegetables
Report of Judge of Wild Flowers
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Happily, I am able to report to you a very definite improve- ment in the quality of all the exhibits of wild flowers this past season. Not only have the arrangements been infinitely more artistic than in the past, but discretion in the picking of flowers to be exhibited has been decidedly evident. The displays have been carefully and thoughtfully executed. While there has been an increase in the number of exhibitors, it is, however, extremely gratifying to find old names recurring again and again, indicative of the pleasure and satisfaction of seeking out and displaying for the pleasure of others our lovely New England flora.
As the growing season advances, the blossom becomes fruit and is almost equally lovely as seed and berry and pod. It seems to me that in the late summer or early fall an exhibit of such material would be extremely interesting, and particularly challenging to those who enjoy the natural beauty of dried arrangements. I should like to suggest such an exhibit to be added to the present schedule.
I wish to express a word of thanks to the wildflower exhibitors for the fine spirit of sportsmanship manifested by all. A judge is not infallible and sometimes as I have pondered over a deter- mination made, I have said to myself perhaps I should have figured such and such differently. While decisions are made according to formula, mathematically, of course, in the first analysis the factor of human reaction must play a part. Be assured that judges do not take their role lightly; sleepless nights sometimes follow hairline decisions. However, be that as it may, this type of contest, if it can be so termed — though that expression is a bit harsh; perhaps "endeavor" would more nearly
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
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uive the idea — this sort of endeavor: "to seek out beauty and present it " is a wonderful thing for old and young alike.
Let us keep up the good work, and strive for better and better exhibits with each passing season.
Respectfully submitted,
Mrs. Dorothy L. Salter, Judge oj IVild Flower Exhibits
Report of Workshop Supervisor
Mr. President and Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
The summer Workshop Classes on Thursday afternoons were well attended. Adult members displayed a keen interest and desire to improve their technique in flower arrangement, and there were several new recruits. While membership in the Workshop has not at any time been confined to residents of Worcester, it was interesting to note the increase in registrations from surrounding towns. Southbridge, Spencer, Leicester, Petersham, Holden, Webster, Bolton, North Brookfield, and Milford were all represented.
Some from our exhibitors' group took refresher courses, and it was gratifying to see the improvement in their work. Many of the arrangements displayed this year showed more freedom of thought and less rigid adherence to principles. Their quick grasp of important fundamentals, and intelligent application of them, was refreshing.
Their friendly rivalry and pleasant give and take did much to help new members feel welcome, and made the Workshop a more pleasant and congenial place.
I am sorry to report that the morning classes for children were not a success. The few who attended regularly were interested and did good work, but they were very few. It is regrettable that those we wished most to help, the regular exhibitors in our children's classes at the Thursday flower shows, showed little or no interest in the arrangement classes.
For two years now the Society has made available these Workshop Classes for children, but it is very evident they are not popular enough to continue them.
Respectfully submitted, Rose C. Fitzpatrick, JVorkshop Supervisor
December 7, 1950
Report of the Finance Committee
To the Members of the
Worcester County Horticultural Society:
Another year has passed, and while we have not received a very large income from the rentals of this building, we, in addition to the regular service which its members find avail- able throughout the year, have in many instances served other organizations connected with civic and charitable projects in allowing our building to be used on various occasions for such needs.
During the past year, extensive redecorations have been made to the interior of the building and together with the exterior work done last fall, we find the property in excellent condition and the building will not be in need of such expense for at least a few years.
The Finance Committee has also purchased in the early part of this year sufficient chairs to replace the ones which have served us in the banquet hall for many years.
The members of our Society lost their greatest friend when we learned of the sudden death this past month of Myron F. Converse, Chairman of the Finance Committee, who has served as such and has made out the report for the Finance Committee for the past thirty-four years.
Mr. Converse became a member of the Finance Committee in 1910 and was elected chairman in 1916 serving as such for thirty-four years.
During all these years, Mr. Converse has thoughtfully planned and carefully executed contracts which have been most ex- cellently done, the results of which have made possible our new building together with a fixed income which will provide the comforts of its members for all time.
36 WORCESTER COyNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
Your committee recommends that the sum of $19,000 be appropriated for the use of the Society for the coming year to be applied in such manner as the trustees may direct.
Respectfully submitted,
Harry Harrison Malcolm C. Midgley
Finance Committee
Worcester, iMassachusetts December 7, 1950
ifflemonal to iWpron Jf . Converse
In the passing of our beloved member, Myron F. Converse, on November twelfth of this year, the Worcester County Horti- cultural Society has suffered an irreparable loss. For a half a century, he was actively interested in its welfare and aims.
He was born seventy-three years ago in the old Converse house which is now a church on Belmont Street opposite Memo- rial Hospital.
His Lincoln Street house, where he resided until his death, was built by his great-grandfather, and Mr. Converse went there to live when he was fourteen years old.
He attended the public schools of Worcester and also Becker's Business College, now Becker Junior College, graduating in the first class in 1894.
Mr. Converse entered the employ of the Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank on May 14, 1894.
He became a member of the Worcester County Horticultural Society in 1905. He brought to the Society a fund of knowledge, and the officers of the Society quickly appreciated his ability and bank experience. In 1910 he was appointed to the Finance Committee. In 1916 he was made chairman of this committee and he was also appointed a trustee. On December 5, 1923, he was made president which office he held until December, 1948.
We all know how richly this Society has benefited under his valuable leadership. This great building is a memorial to him, for through his tireless efforts and guidance, it was brought into being. His management of the rental of the Front Street prop- erty, now occupied by the J. J. Newberry Company, and the erection of this Society's present home are proofs of our benefits from our association with him.
He was a kind man, a typical New Englander who loved his home, the out-of-doors, his flowers, and especially his animals and turkeys. The sight of these pleased and entertained many children in his neighborhood.
He took great pride in our horticultural exhibits and was a
38 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
regular attendant, always friendly with a word of praise and encouragement for alL
According to Edward Everett Hale, "The making of friends who are real friends is the best token we have of a man's success in life." Mr. Converse's life exemplified the truth of this saying.
The members of the Worcester County Horticultural Society join his hosts of friends who mourn his passing.
RESOLVED: That this memorial be placed in the records of this Society and that a copy be sent to Mrs. Converse.
Respectfully submitted,
Harrison G. Taylor Frank R. Heath, Jr. Mrs. Frank C. Smith, Jr., Chairman
Colorful Mexico
Capt. Bob Danskin, of Pluckemin, N. J. January 5, 1950
It is now possible to travel in a leisurely manner, by auto- mobile, from New Jersey to Mexico City, Mexico, in the short space of ten days, through Laredo and by way of the Pan Ameri- can Highway, one of the few good roads from the Rio Grande to Mexico City, enjoying all the comforts of modern living en route.
Mexico is a delightful country in which to travel, although conditions are distinctly different from those in the United States. One can travel quite inexpensively in Mexico, but it is advisable to hire a native guide who will save you money by securing bargains in hotel rates and in gift articles.
Even today one sees in Mexico much that Cortez found when he landed at Vera Cruz (True Cross) in the year 1519, for the domestic life in the rural areas has not changed. The cities of Mexico are like large cities the world over, but the outlying sections are dirty and backward and have made little or no progress. American agricultural scientists are, however, doing much to introduce modern methods of farming into these back- ward areas and this is particularly true in the case of the raising of cattle and the development of hybrid corn.
Corn, which is the staple food of Mexico, is ground on stones of lava (called a matete stone) and resemble a small washboard with legs. From this ground corn is made the corn cake, or tortilla, which is eaten with chili and meat when meat is available.
Cane sugar is a product of Mexico as is pulque, a liquid ex- tracted from the marguay plant, a member of the cactus family. This juice is six per cent alcohol and when distilled produces a whiskey which is very potent.
The mining of silver has been carried on for several hundred years and Mexico has been rated one of the largest silver pro- ducing countries in the world.
Century Plant in Blossom
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 41
Saddle Mountain, Monterrey, Mexico
Sombrero means "shady" and since there are few trees in Mexico every Mexican wears a sombrero. It is possible to determine from what village he comes simply by the shape of his hat, since each town has a distinctly different shaped hat from all the rest.
The native costume of Mexican women is the rebozo which hangs from the head. The huarango is the coat worn by the peons or peasants. The serapi is a decorative shawl which is very colorful and is seen in an endless variety of colors and designs.
The native footwear is called huaraches and is made by the natives from rubber tires cut in strips. These act as the sole. Over this and next to the foot is a leather sole. The huaraches are held on the foot by means of leather strips or thongs.
The market place in Mexico presents a strange and colorful sight. Everything arrives on the backs of the Indians — pottery, baskets, and garden produce of various kinds.
There is little or no migration among these people and there are many different dialects of the language spoken.
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Peon* Ploughing with Oxen, Mexico
To many, the most interesting aspect of Mexico is the presence of the ancient pyramids. The colorful pottery and the obsidian pieces also attract the visitor to Mexico.
Near Los Remedios may still be seen the aqueduct, a relic of an early civilization, which is still in use, bringing water over the mountains and down into the plains.
In all of Mexico, the arts are outstanding and everywhere one sees the influence of Indian, Spanish, and Moorish architecture. Pottery is designed and colored by hand by the natives, natural dyes being used for the colors.
The children of Mexico have an instinctive taste for art and while the educational system itself is not comparable with educa- tion in the United States yet there is a high degree of artistic ability exhibited by even the younger Mexican children.
A strange and marked similarity exists between the natives of Mexico and those of the north polar Esquimaux even though a distance of several thousand miles now separates these people.
Mexico City is as modern as any large city with its skyscrapers,
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 43
beautiful parks, and canals. Just outside the city are two high mountains named the Prince and the Sleeping Princess. Here, too, will be found the century plant which blooms — not once in every hundred years — but every ten years.
Mt. Orizaba, the second highest mountain in America, near Vera Cruz, is covered with perpetual snow, yet the city of Vera Cruz is located deep within the tropics. Native huts in these tropical areas are made of adobe and are thatched with palm and coconut leaves which act as an umbrella.
Mexico is a land of startling contrasts. Its climate ranges from arctic to tropical within the space of relatively few miles. Jungles with their dank and luxuriant growth lie at the foot of snow-clad mountain ranges and the contrast is just as apparent among its inhabitants where wealth and poverty are to be found in close proximity. Indeed, Mexico is a gem from both a historic and a photographic point of view.
This Land of Ours
Mr. Edward F. Cross, Fairfax, Va. January 12, 1950
This land of ours is a strange and wonderful land, a land of many lands — east, north, south and west, lands of exciting beauty and brilliant color, lands made by centuries of turbulent weather — and if you are looking for scenic marvels you will leave the great Southwest with a feeling of great humility.
An interesting place to begin our journey is southern Arizona. Most people think of deserts as barren, sandy wastes but the Arizona desert is a place of rare beauty and one of the strangest sights in this strange land is the saguaro cactus, trade-mark of the Southwest.
The annual rainfall in the desert is only six inches, most ol it coming at one time, so these great cactus trees store up water to last over the dry periods. A large plant will hold as much as a ton of water, swelling up like a sponge. The cactus grows very slowly, taking a plant thirty years to attain three feet in height. They are so well adapted to desert life that they can withstand many, many months of dry weather.
The state flower of Arizona is the saguaro blossom. Another smaller but lovely cactus of the desert is the cholla, a bushy plant with long spines, yet its blossoms are as colorful and as delicate as tulips. In fact, many people believe of all the flower blossoms of the deserts the cacti are the most delicate.
The familiar prickly pear has more than two hundred species. It bears a beautiful blossom in several different shades and since it can withstand freezing weather it will live in any part of the country.
The yucca is often called the lily of the desert and the yucca in bloom is one of the most beautiful sights in the desert.
The ocotillo blooms in early summer and its clusters of red blossoms make it one of the most showy blossoms on the desert.
Leaving southern Arizona, we turn toward the northern part
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of the state into the Painted Desert region, a fantastic region stretching for miles on end, a dazzling show of color.
The Petrified Forest contains the most spectacular display of petrified forest anywhere in the world. A hundred and fifty million years ago, geologists tell us, these logs, now petrified, were living trees. At that time great dinosaurs roamed the area. Then this part of Arizona was lifted from sea level to more than seven thousand feet above sea level and today the wood that was formed so deep in the ground is now on top of the ground. It is not now wood but mineral reproductions of these trees that lay for countless centuries beneath the ground and have simply been uncovered by erosion.
Our journey now takes us farther west to magnificent Oak Creek Canyon. This canyon has a superb climate and is a wonderful place in which to live. Running through the bottom of the canyon is Oak Creek, small in size but magnificent in personality. As we move along through the canyon, every turn of the road offers a new and exciting portrait of scenic treasure.
Well, the time has come for us to say good-by to Oak Creek Canyon and we travel on to the Arches National Monument in southern Utah. Here is some of America's strangest land where the action of wind, water, heat, and frost, operating through long centuries, have carved fascinating formations out of solid stone. Reaching high into the blue Utah sky massive sandstone arches are a lesson in humility.
Here is evidence of the relentlessness of the elements over countless centuries of time. Geologically, many of these giants in stone are doomed to eventual collapse under their own weight. Time and erosion working hand in hand will eventually bring all these great arches to an end.
Now, we are going back to Arizona again to see the Grand Canyon. No trip out West is complete without a visit to the Grand Canyon; it is the world's most wonderful spectacle. You not only see the canyon, you feel it. You struggle for words to describe it, but the words are not there, for the feelings it inspires are too deep to be expressed in words. It is reverence, emotion, a shrine at which to worship and reaffirm our faith in God and man. We can stand at the rim of the canyon and look down on mountains that are a mile high. From the rim, the
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river looks small, but it is three hundred feet wide, and so swift that it carries past any given point a million tons of sand and silt every single day.
The Colorado River viewed from the bottom of the canyon is silent, sinister, muddy as it rushes past. It is nearly nineteen hundred miles long and during its long journey to the ocean it cuts nineteen canyons.
Back at the rim of the canyon late in the afternoon one wit- nesses some of the most spectacular views of the canyon. Every afternoon a crowd of people gather in front of the Hopi Indians' homes to watch some of the Indians perform their dances, the buffalo dance, the eagle dance, and the hoop dance. Most of their dances are prayers for rain or for some sick person. The hoop dance, however, is simply a demonstration of skill and ability.
Of all the modern Indians the Hopi is the least changed and they probably have the most elaborate ceremonials of any of the Indians.
Now, on to southern California and Palm Springs which is about the hottest part of the country. More is known here about the raising of dates than in Egypt itself because the Egyptian government has sent a delegation to study the most modern methods used at Palm Springs in the propagation of dates.
The Sierra Nevada range in California is ten thousand feet above sea level and here is California at its magnificent best, where petty worries shrink up and dissolve.
Moving on to the Yosemite National Park you see spread before you one of the greatest panoramas of waterfalls in the world. The Bridal Veil Falls is four times higher than Niagara, but it is only a trickle of water compared with Niagara. Nowhere in the world may be seen the water spectacle similar to that in Yosemite Falls. From top to bottom the drop is about twenty- fcur hundred feet.
In the spring and early summer, the high meadows of the Yosemite are decked out with a wonderful display of magnificent wildflowers.
The giant sequoia, or redwood, is the largest tree on earth and grows only in California. Some of them were already two thousand years old when Christ was born. In some respects
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 47
the Mariposa grove of big trees is just as impressive as the Grand Canyon. The redwood does not rot like ordinary wood. The bark is anywhere from two inches to two feet thick and resists fire almost like asbestos although it is not entirely fire- proof. There is enough lumber in some of these trees to make fifteen small bungalows but no axe or saw will ever touch any of these fine trees because they have a value far beyond their mere commercial worth. The largest of these trees is General Sherman, as tall as a twenty-eight story building and thirty-six and a half feet in diameter.
Leaving the redwoods behind, we come back to that fabulous but little known place, Monument Valley. We pass on beyond the San Francisco peaks with El Capitan rising up in the back- ground twenty miles away.
The Navajos are the nomads of the desert. They are expert horsemen and the women ride as well as the men.
It is always interesting to watch an Indian woman weave a rug. They are hand woven and no two are exactly alike. They either keep the pattern in their minds or make it up as they go along. It takes a long time to make one of these rugs and for the total time they put into it they earn about five cents an hour. But time means nothing to an Indian. That is all they have.
One of the most spectacular parades in the West takes place on the streets of Flagstaff. The Indian pow-wow is held every year beginning on the Fourth of July, and Flagstaff is then visited by Indians of many different tribes and also crowded with spectators.
So, with a feeling of deep humility, let us all be proud of this great land of ours.
It is lavish in space and distance and its bigness is overwhelm- ing. Its personality is as varied as its people.
This land of which I speak is a religion in itself, a manner and mode of living, part of that philosophy of life for free peoples called a democracy.
Wild Flowers of New England
Mr. H. Mayo Smith, Boston, Mass. January 19, 1950
It was in the late summer of 1938 in the vicinity of Wilder Pond in Sutton, N. H., that I was looking for early fall wild- flowers. I returned almost empty handed but not quite. That afternoon I sat down in the swampy area of this Wilder Pond and ran my glasses over the terrain for signs of the flower I was particularly looking for, known as the fringed gentian and I am happy to say that I discovered one. In no time at all, I was on the spot. It is rather a tragic note when I say that it was the last one I have ever seen in the wild state, a tragedy akin to the passing of our chestnut trees in the year of 1916 when a fungus attacked the trees under the bark and destroyed every chestnut tree north of the Kentucky state line.
In this presentation, the subjects have been divided into seasons; that is spring, summer, fall and winter.
The crocus is one of our first spring flowers with grasslike leaves and it will spread over a field of an acre's extent in a very short time. The flowers shown started from a single escape from an adjoining garden and in two or three seasons had com- pletely covered the field.
The marsh marigold, sometimes called in error, the cowslip, is one of our handsome early spring swamp flowers. The leaves are green and shiny and are a most excellent substitute for spinach. The flower has no petals, the "petals" being sepals, if we can quote an anomaly.
Flowering dogwood is one of our common spring trees and seems to have an affinity for the region of stone walls. The dogwood is the state flower of Virginia.
Pink lady slipper is our commonest wild orchid and is also a frequent trapper of honey bees as well as bumble bees. The flower delights in growing among evergreens, and it is interesting to know that picking it two years in succession results in no
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 49
flowers the third year. However, the fourth year, back it comes again in flower. Yellow lady slipper is not nearly as common as the pink variety and the pink variety is not any too common at the present time.
The pitcher plant is definitely a spring flower and is both an insectivorous and carnivorous plant. The plant traps the insects, who are fascinated by its odor, and they drop into water which is always accumulated in the cup of the plant and are immediately anesthetized and fall unconscious. When that happens, before they can revive, they are drowned, and the plant sustains its life on the unfortunate insects that fall into its cup. I have found a field mouse dead in the cup of a pitcher plant, so you can see that nothing is too much for the plant to undertake in order to dine well. The root of the plant is in- finitesimal in size and, in fact, needs none to sustain its life. That is true of all plants of its type.
Wood betony is originally white and turns to purple as the season advances, although I have been informed by horticul- turists that they have cultivated the purple wood betony from the outset.
The first blossoms that come on the hairy beard tongue are staminate and later pistillate; in other words, originally a male flower and afterwards a female, a distinction not shared by many other flowers.
The coloring of the trillium is a case of evolution. The flowers are originally green and, secondly, white, then the next stage will be red, then finally purple in color progression. You do not often see the red trillium. Both leaves and petals occur in threes, which gives it the name "trillium/'
The wood of the lilac is very much prized by cabinetmakers for inlay work, being very workable with all wood-working tools.
Fleur-de-lis dates far back in floral history. It has the reputa- tion of having caused more disturbance among several nations than any other flower. Louis VII, in the year 1147, adopted it as the emblem of France. About the same time, without knowing it, England adopted it for her coat of arms and it thus appeared up to the year 1801. Then it happened that France and England had a falling out and it was removed from the English shield never to be restored.
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Our old friend jack-in- the-pulpit is a jolly preacher and is somewhat of a wolf in sheep's clothing. Flies, gnats, and mag- gots very frequently are congregated inside the flower, and the ease of their coming in is quite as nice as the difficulty of getting out. Some floral naturalists have declared that jack-in-the- pulpit is very much of a hypocrite and does not practice the usual preacher's philosophy.
Leaving the spring group we come into the summer flowers. The flower of the milkweed is always a delicate pink, tending toward a maroon and it is a fascinating flower structurally.
It exudes a sticky milk known as latex from which can be manufactured rubber. Alilkweed has circled the earth and is very hardy and persistent in its growth. In early fall, buds develop on the stalk, and in early November, they start to open; thus the seeding-down process for next year's plants begins. No one knows how far the feathery seeds travel but they do fly great distances.
The common thistle has over three hundred florets and is one of the few flowers to yield pure white honey.
Alfalfa is a leguminous plant very common to us, and it has the distinction of drawing nitrogen from the soil and discharging it through the leaves. Generally the opposite process prevails.
Indian pipe is glassy, cold, and clammy, rising like a wraith in the dark forest. It is a beautiful ghoulish parasite whose roots prey on the other plants, either living or dead. It is some- times called the vampire of the plant world, and many have said it turns black when it dies as a matter of shame for the way it has lived.
Who does not like to run across a patch of checkerberry in our rambles in the summer? Oil of wintergreen is extracted from its leaves which have a delightfully aromatic taste when chewed and also, either green or dry, brew an excellent tea.
Purple loosestrife is one of our very picturesque wildflowers. In Russia, the peasants dig its roots on St. James's Day to subdue the evil spirits abroad in the land, and it is a requirement that the digging tool be of iron, or the amulet ceases. It is also used by the Russian soldiery to clean guns on the theory that a gun cleaned with the juice of the flower will prevent any fouling or failure to fire.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 51
Now we come to the water lily or pond lily which is so common a sight in summer. It is the queen of our water plants and cultures well in our aquatic gardens, needing only fresh water mud to grow perfectly.
The purple fringed orchis grows in a prodigious manner in certain swamps and presents a very pleasing spectacle to the eye when viewed from a distance.
The rhododendron is one of our very picturesque flowering shrubs and is a native of only two places on the face of the earth, the Himalaya Mountains in India and the Allegheny Mountains in the United States. It is the hardest and strongest of woods with a weight of forty pounds to the cubic foot. The leaves are poisonous but the rose of the rhododendron is reputed to be the most delicate flower in the wildflower kingdom.
Water calla is a beautiful denizen of our northern bogs although it is not very common at the present time. It has a particular relation to the European calla which we so frequently see in greenhouses. Thoreau, it is said, waited ten years before seeing one at Walden. The flower of the water calla is pure white and the reflected light of its blossoms is so sharp as to make photo- graphing difficult.
Cat-o'-nine-tail is a broad leaf bog plant which often obtains a height of eight feet. It is often shown as a sceptre held by the Master in Bible history. In the fall, all that remains of the cat-o'-nine-tail is its cottony head which presents a very eerie sight in large numbers.
The elderberry has a sweet, sickening odor which is very attractive to insects. In addition to producing elegant wine, the juice of the elderberry plant is used extensively in the manu- facture of confectionery.
Among some 450 wildflowers, only ten are pure blue in color. The day flower is one of the ten. It flowers but a single day, closing about four o'clock in the afternoon never to reopen. It becomes a sticky, shapeless mass when it closes and if pressed between the fingers will dye the fingers a brilliant blue.
Coming to the fall flowers, the bottle gentian is one of the nicest gentians we have, next to the fringed gentian.
Bittersweet is so called because the berries are at first sweet then turn into an acrid bitterness at the close of the season.
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Parasitic tree hoppers spend a lifetime on it, sucking the juices from the wood after which they deposit their eggs, the larvae remaining through the winter and hatching in the spring. This process explains the lack of leaves on the bittersweet.
Chicory is a great adulterant of coffee and is used commer- cially to the extent of about twenty per cent adulteration. It greatly improves the flavor and a delicate French salad is made from the leaves of the chicory.
The cardinal flower is one of our handsomest wildflowers and it is hard to resist picking it when we find it. It is facing slow extermination on that account.
We cannot say very much for winter wildflowers. However, hepatica or liverwort is a flower which we find from December to February. It will blossom under snow cover.
There is a great deal of legend about mistletoe. It is the Oklahoma state flower, and is associated with Norse mythology.
Bayberry is not strictly classified as a wildflower although it could be. Bayberry makes excellent candles, as the wax from the berries is more brittle and less greasy than that of any other tallow known. The odor is sweet and pungent and the bark is used for proprietary medicine purposes. The expression "To flourish like the green bay tree" comes from the fact that the Bible quotes it as being a tree of good fortune, in various ways.
California Odyssey
By William W. Harris "The Vagabond Traveler"
January 26, 1950
This afternoon we are going on a journey through the grand state of California. California, in my estimation, should be called "The Californias" because it is certainly a land of con- trasts with its snow-capped mountain ranges, extending from north to south, its magnificent beaches, desert country, red- wood forests and great cities. Then there are the people, de- scendants of the Spaniards in the south, the Portuguese fishermen around San Francisco, the Italian truck gardeners, and the Swedes in the lumber regions of the north. There are as many contrasts in the peoples as there are in the land or climate.
We start our journey in the city of San Francisco and work inland down the coast to Carmel, into the warm desert regions, over to Palm Springs and see the "Lady from Twenty-nine Palms" and then on to Lake Mead, which supplies water for irrigation and electric power for southern California, then up to Yosemite and Sequoia Parks and end our journey in wintertime at Crater Lake in Oregon.
San Francisco is the great city of the north. Here we see the great Bay Bridge, that tremendous structure connecting the city of San Francisco with Oakland. Huge skyscrapers rise high in the downtown area and in the springtime Union Square is most beautifully adorned with vast clusters of rhododendrons.
Here, too, is Chinatown with still another race of people. The red and yellow colors which dominate the scene and the dis- tinctive architecture of the Orient make this a very decorative section of the city. Little cable street cars are indigenous to the San Francisco hills. We see them at every turn.
Down at the waterfront we see tier upon tier of fishing boats belonging to the Portuguese fishermen. In the early mist of
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morning, they start sailing out of the bay into the ocean beyond.
San Francisco has a very beautiful yacht club. It is done very much in the mission style with the Spanish architectural influence definitely in evidence. A wonderful adventure in San Francisco is to take a sightseeing boat trip about the bay. As you sail about, shipping is everywhere — freighters bound for the Orient and liners coming in from Panama and Seattle. We see the Golden Gate Bridge, that beautiful structure that marks the entrance into the inner harbor. This great bridge is outlined in red-orange paint which makes it stand out clearly. Beyond is Alcatraz with its blanket of pink spring flowers covering the rock of this prison fortress. We see various colors in the harbor water, particularly the greens and the blues. Along the shore the surf is magnificent.
In Golden Gate Park, the Japanese tea garden is one of the lovely sights in springtime. The wisteria is then in bloom and trails over the tea house in different depths of hue and the greens of the trees and the reds of the painted structures that decorate the garden make it a delightful retreat in the afternoon.
As we leave San Francisco we wind out into the country seeing fields of wildflowers in bloom. In fact for mile after mile as we ride southward to Carmel and Monterey, we see these flowers in spring dress.
At Carmel, the site of an old mission founded in 1771, we visit the lovely mission with its old Spanish fountain and lovely flowers. The shore line at Carmel is perfectly beautiful with its great rock cliffs, making it a rendezvous for artists. Here we see a great many seals in the water and on the cliffs above the sea, cormorants stand about like little penguins.
We have all heard of the wild California poppy and here at Carmel we see it on the hillsides just above the beaches. How beautifully its color blends into the landscape, a mass of gold against green.
Now leaving Carmel-by-the-Sea, we turn southward to the warm desert climate of Palm Springs. It is a beautiful spot, especially in the spring when the bougainvillea is at its best. And it is even interesting to walk through the downtown section of Palm Springs, for it takes you back into old Spain. On one side of the town, the mountains tower above it, on the other is
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pure desert. Yet under cultivation, the oleander, mimosa, purple bougainvillea bloom to the utmost in the warm sun. If you love flowers your breath is taken away when you gaze on the gorgeousness of this scenery.
King Gillette's home in Palm Springs, often called, the House a Razor Built, has been beautifully landscaped using the true desert and its cactus for decorative effect. We even see the grotesque Joshua tree there with its waving angular branches. In the desert beyond the house, we find the loveliest of wild- flowers, the desert primrose, the color of pure gold. As the soil here is nothing more than sand and rock shale, we wonder how such beautiful flowers survive. If you have never seen the desert in springtime, put it on your list as a must.
South of Palm Springs is the desert town of Indio, which is well suited to the cultivation of dates and there we see the date palms in row after row waving their fronds in the breeze. How gracefully these palms shine and gleam in the sun and the great bunches of dates sway back and forth midst the motion of the branches. Here is Nature at her best.
Riding on for miles across the desert, we suddenly come upon the Joshua Tree National Forest. It is a magnificent sight with these ghoulish trees dotting the desert against a backdrop of snow-capped peaks. We are amazed at the most irregular manner in which the Joshua tree grows, yet that is its beauty.
Next we come to Lake Mead and the Hoover Dam, the largest man-made body of water in the world. The Lake is formed from the water of the Colorado River, which has flowed down from the Grand Canyon. The mountains surrounding the lake are absolutely barren, but glorious in color, denoting the various minerals contained therein.
At the old Mission of San Juan Capistrano, where the swallows always return in the spring, we discover one of the most beautiful old monasteries in California. The Spaniards built nineteen missions in California after the year 1667, when the Jesuits were expelled. Parts of this San Juan Capistrano Mission are still in ruins from an earthquake, yet most of it is in good repair. It is pleasant to wander through the mission grounds for we see most every kind of spring flower, fuchsia, geranium, roses, cactus, and iris and every now and then palms and evergreen trees. There
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are also old arcades and buttresses, Spanish for all the world, that look out on gardens filled with yellow and purple iris and the orange calendulas.
Our journey through the state of California takes us on past the orange groves heavy in blossoms and fruit. Then by Long Beach and its oil wells, into Hollywood, where we glimpse the studios, the movie stars homes, the radio stations, the Brown Derby, and peaceful Forest Lawn. Yet the one thing that holds our attention in Los Angeles is Exposition Park with its seven acres of roses, 118 varieties of these exquisite flowers.
In contrast to the formal gardens of the state's cities, we drive on to a natural park, Sequoia Park, filled with Nature's own wildflowers. This spot is really one of the beauties of California. We follow along the winding highway into the park and there before us majestic scenes of snow-capped peaks unfold. Our road twists and turns and winds right up into the clouds near the very tips of the mountains where snow remains the year round. Then we come to the sequoia trees and drive deep into the heart of this redwood forest. These great trees rise two hundred feet into the air. Their tops do not bush out as elms, but taper to a short bushy tip. To look upon them in all their ageless glory is to remember a tree of warm red color.
Down from the mountain tops, we zigzag into Kings Canyon National Park, which adjoins Sequoia. As we go down into the gorge, we see the canyon stream bubbling over the rocks. And above us, down the cliffsides tumble waterfalls, caused by melt- ing snow. There is something about this whole rugged scene that reminds one of New England.
Leaving Kings Canyon, we drive on to Yosemite National Park. Near its entrance we gaze on Cascade Falls. Then through the tunnel and out into the valley to get our first view of Bridal Veil Falls and glorious Yosemite Canyon. What a spectacle! — particularly as we feast our eyes on Yosemite Falls, the most stately falls in the Park. It is certainly a thrill to stand in the valley and look up onto the mountain and see that great strand of silver pouring right out of heaven.
The great rock sentinel of Yosemite Park is El Capitan, a huge granite mountain that guards the valley entrance. As we leave Yosemite we look back on the natural wonders of the
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park, bow before Cathedral Peak and say farewell to Bridal Veil Falls.
It is a majestic sight in every sense of the word.
Concluding our odyssey, we journey on to glimpse Crater Lake in Oregon, to particularly see it in winter dress. We are amazed to find the mountains about the lake blanketed in fifteen to twenty feet of snow and so clearly reflected, just as the islands, in the clear deep blue of the water. Even the trees and the clouds are silhouetted in the lake. The beauty of the entire scene is an overwhelming masterpiece of Nature.
High, Wide and West
Mr. George W. Bailey, Lyndeboro, N. H. February 2, 1950
Come with me this afternoon out to that wonderful western country, Wyoming, and the Grand Teton Mountains.
We go in a station wagon and we take along a tent, a gasoline stove, cook our own meals, and spend the night wherever we happen to be.
Our first stop is Niagara Falls, that marvelous spectacle — millions of tons of water sweeping over the edge of the Falls, crashing down over the rocks into the river below. So rapidly is that torrent of water wearing away the bank that in the past hundred years the precipice has moved upstream many miles.
As we travel along in our rolling home we find many states have made provision for our welfare by the establishment of roadside parks. We come to Muskegon State Park on the shores of Lake Michigan where we make our home for twenty-five cents a night. It seems so strange for a New Englander to look out on such a large body of water and realize it is not an ocean but only a very large lake.
Going on, we pass around the southern edge of Lake Michigan through that vast industrial center of steel mills and all sorts of industrial plants.
Chicago is an amazing place and as we travel along the express highway we pass that marvelous boat basin filled with yachts and other sailing boats.
Now we pass up into that lovely open dairying state of Minne- sota. Here we begin to see large farms, fine barns, and much agricultural equipment.
On we go and as we make a little detour, traveling on a road parallel with the main road, we see more of the characteristic features of the country where things have changed little for man3^ years.
We are now approaching the Bad Lands where there are no
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trees, no lakes. The early morning sun casts long shadows over this land which creates a most interesting and picturesque scene. It is a land which has been vastly eroded for thousands of years by the effects of wind and rain. The pinnacles thus left are of tremendous size and strange beauty although there is almost no life present.
On we go through the Black Hills of Dakota, over highways that twist and turn, through tunnels cut through solid rock and we come upon the famous Rushmore National Memorial, an extremely impressive sight.
We pass from the Dakotas and cross the border into that wonderful state of Wyoming. Here again we see the traditional western countryside, the red earth, the buttes and bastions of earth that are still standing while the softer earth has been worn away by erosion.
As we travel along one of the main highways we look off to the right and catch a glimpse of Devil's Tower, a national monu- ment and a most extraordinary formation of solid rock.
As we continue on we pass over the Big Horn Mountains, a range of unnamed peaks. The road twists and turns up, up, and up or down, down and down, and we see how tremendous each of these peaks is.
We begin to see picturesque customs, fine horses fitted out with expensive trappings and cowboys who will pay fifty dollars for a pair of boots 1 Wyoming is famous for its cattle raising and we learn that there are twenty-one thousand brands regis- tered at the State House.
Our goal is Jackson Valley in Wyoming in the Grand Teton Mountains. As we come down from the North to Jackson Lake we look across and see the magnificent sweep of the Grand Teton range, a forty-mile line of peaks stretching from north to south; gorgeous mountains each with its own familiar char- acteristic, up to Grand Teton itself. These mountains rise up directly from the valley with no flanks or foothills to obscure their true height.
The land around the Grand Tetons is unspoiled to this day, largely due to the fact that the area has been made a National Park. It is small as parks go; it has only five miles of paved roads but it has matchless beauty and charm.
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At the base of the mountains is a string of lakes lying like jewels, the most popular of which is Jenney Lake. These lakes are fed by the melting of glaciers that lie on the mountains above. We are told by the park ranger that the temperature here often drops to forty, fifty, and even sixty degrees below zero.
As we look down into the town of Jackson we see Snake River beneath and the rodeo, the western version of our eastern circus, about to begin.
As we stand on the bank of a small river we see a cow moose having her dinner. She is a strange and awkward looking creature. Most magnificent of all, and the monarch of the forest, is the bull moose who has no natural enemies.
The cathedrals of Europe are famous for their architecture but here in the West the little Chapel of the Transfiguration is famous for its complete simplicity, compensated for by the majesty of its background. The builder resisted all temptation to ornamentation. As we sit on a bench in the chapel we look out over the altar onto the vast rocks which Nature has supplied and which could not be surpassed by anything man could invent.
But we never want to sell New England short. If we use our eyes we will find beauty which cannot be exceeded anywhere in the United States; in fact, we may see beauty here in New England which is a good equivalent of anything we can travel around the world to see.
Mediterranean Shores
Dr. John H. Furbay, New York, N. Y. February 9, 1950
Introduction:
We are going to take a trip this afternoon to the Mediterra- nean. Why does one go to the Mediterranean? I suppose the Mediterranean is the spiritual mother of all of us. The culture of our world grew around the Mediterranean thousands of years before it reached our ancestors in Europe. Why did it develop there? Because of transportation. This affects civilization more than any other single factor.
The science of medicine developed into a beautiful thing in Egypt, the science of astronomy, mathematics, and algebra had their beginnings among the Arabs.
The Greeks gave us our basic ideas of philosophy, our basic methods of thinking, our system of logic. Then on these shores of the iMediterranean came that spiritual impulse, the Christian religion. Later the Romans came along and built roads into northern Europe. In this way the whole culture of the Mediter- ranean was carried to northern Europe and deposited on the doorsteps of our ancestors who were then living in the most primitive manner. Later this culture was carried to America where it was to flower beyond anything that was ever dreamed of by the Mediterranean people themselves.
The film:
Leaving Chicago by air, our first stop is Gander, Newfound- land, then to Lisbon, Portugal. Here in Lisbon the architecture is partly Moorish, dating back to the time when the Moors conquered the whole peninsula and left their permanent imprint. One of the nice things about Portugal is that it is not only al- together modern where you want it to be but it is picturesque as well. From the windows of one of Lisbon's most charming castles at Pina, we look out where Vasco DiGamma used to
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look when he dreamed of sailing around the world and of which Lord Byron once said, its gardens of Monserrate are the most beautiful in Europe.
We now go to the warm side of the Mediterranean, to Estoril which is a winter resort town with beautiful trees, lovely rose gardens, and a casino which rivals the one at Monte Carlo.
From Estoril, we leave Portugal and move along to Madrid, Spain, where the sky is almost a continual blue in autumn.
Here you feel the power of the Catholic Church in govern- ment, business, and education. We see women wearing the mantilla, lace held in place by combs, because Spanish women think a woman looks most charming when her face is framed by lace.
Heading east, we fly to Rome and from there to the city of Athens, where we see the Parthenon sitting atop the Acropolis. The entire city of Athens sprawls at the foot of this great hill.
In the public plaza of the city we see works of art for which the Greek people have always had a great love. No matter where one looks in Athens he is sure to see the ancient columns of temples built before the time of Christ. The great temple of Jupiter now has only a few of its columns standing. These columns appear to be of solid marble but upon examination we find that they consist of smaller sections which lit exactly into each other so that when they are assembled they look like one solid piece of marble.
One section of Athens that is most fascinating is the Hay- market section, full of second-hand shops. Here we find objects of art two and even three thousand years old. We can buy pieces of ceramics, metal work, and jewelry which date back before the time of Christ, many of which have been excavated from the ruins of ancient temples.
Greece is a land of tradition, a land that has given us a great amount of our culture, a land which once dominated the trade of the world but which has now been reduced to poverty by war.
As we see a group of dancing girls, dressed in gowns of fabulous worth, each girl wearing the traditional costume of one of the provinces of Greece, we remember that one of the greatest wars of the Greeks was fought over the beauty of one woman, Helen of Troy, and the Greek women are still considered among the most beautiful women in Europe.
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Leaving Athens, we go to Istanbul, formerly known as Con- stantinople. Istanbul is a very old city situated astride the Bosporus which separates Europe from the Near East. New life came to Turkey after World War I, when a new leader, Attaturk arose and created the new republic of Turkey. Istanbul is a city of hundreds of mosques, beautiful structures with their tall minarets reaching up into the sky, indicative of man's aspira- tion reaching always upward.
The climate of Turkey is one of the pleasantest in the world and the bluest water you have ever seen is in the Bosporus.
In Istanbul is that great institution, Robert College, founded more than sixty years ago. For many years, Turkish young men have been receiving American education which fits them to become professional leaders in engineering, architecture, sci- entific agriculture, and medicine. The field of technology is the only field in which Americans really excel and we have tried to build this scientific know-how into our American colleges in other lands.
On an adjoining hillside is another American school, Istanbul College for Women, where six hundred Turkish young women are learning to build a new and modern Turkey.
Going on to Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, we fly over the mountains of Turkey. Beirut, washed by the waters of the Mediterranean, is a city so old it was ancient by the time of Christ. Here in Beirut is that great American institution founded about seventy-five years ago and which today is attended by three thousand students from the Arab countries. Its campus is one of the most beautiful in the world from the point of view of landscape, architecture, and gardening.
The Lebanese government erected seven new government buildings for the international meeting of UNESCO last year where all the countries of the world were represented except Russia. Most of the delegates to UNESCO are professional men who believe that through education we can develop a spirit of understanding in the world so that all of us who are world neighbors can actually live as neighbors.
About ten miles out of Beirut we come to a sort of Switzerland in the middle east, and looking out over the beautiful mountains of Lebanon into the valleys below we see the terraces that have
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been built three thousand feet down the hillside, each terrace supported by a stone wall.
The Lebanese farmers always live on the tops of the moun- tains and it is only people who live thus who could produce a man with a philosophy like Kahlil Gibran, who was a very great artist as well as a very great poet. Gibran is buried in a tomb on the hillside near his hometown. What an appropriate place to bury a man who believed that God and man and nature are all part of the same thing.
When we cross the border into Syria it seems as though we go back hundreds of years. Damascus, the capital of Syria, was once the citadel of the Christian faith. It is here we find the most famous street on earth, the street called Straight.
We now go down to Jerusalem, then on into Cairo where we board a TWA Constellation, heading west into the Mediterra- nean, and back to America.
One thing we learn when traveling is that the similarities of all the people in the world are so much greater than their differences.
Rio de Janeiro
Mr. Arthur A. Moulton February 16, 1950
We are going aboard the S.S. "Brazil" to take a photographic trip to Rio. Whatever you read about Rio deals with superla- tives because Rio is a most beautiful city and has a most beautiful harbor.
Those of us who are crossing the Equator for the first time are initiated into the Society of Neptune in a ceremony like that which takes place on every ship crossing the Equator. One has to be a little bit sadistic to appreciate the horseplay which takes place at this ceremony but it is all done in a spirit of good humor.
As we enter the harbor at Bahia, the oldest town in Brazil and once its capital, we see many sailing boats, and, out at the farther end of the town, we see a statue of Christ blessing the fishing boats.
Bahia consists of a lower and upper town and in the lower town we see the big cocoa exchange. The upper town has its central plaza with its profusion of tropical plants and flowers as well as many lovely churches and a museum. There are one or two modern buildings in Bahia, but for the most part its streets are narrow and its houses very old.
Upon our arrival at Rio the ship ties up at a wharf at the foot of the principal boulevard in the city. This street is Avenida Rio Branco where some six hundred buildings had to be de- molished in order to build this boulevard right through the center of the city.
The Rua do Ouvidor is an internationally famous shopping street, so narrow that no automobiles are allowed to go through it. At the farther end of Rua do Ouvidor is a flower market where tremendous funeral pieces, measuring up to four feet across, may be purchased for three or four dollars.
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On Gonzalves Dias Street, we come to a lovely gem shop operated by two boys from Germany, where we see the most fascinating things, amethyst, turquoise, white sapphire, aqua- marine, opal, tourmaline, all mined and finished in Brazil.
Rio is a very modern city of tremendous skyscrapers and some of the most modernistic buildings in the world. The municipal theater which is the center of carnival activity is also used during the season for opera. In front of the theater we see a lovely bronze statue, intriguing to artists and photog- raphers alike.
Praca Paris has one of the most extensive formal gardens in the W estern Hemisphere, practically two miles in length, with evergreens of many varieties cut in every conceivable shape.
Turning in another direction, we see Gloria Church, one of the famous churches of Rio and from there we go to Guanabara, the presidential palace. At the rear of the palace is a small but lovely garden. Nearby is the private chapel of former Presi- dent Vargas.
Across the bay we get our first glimpse of Sugar Loaf Moun- tain which consists of three peaks, with Sugar Loaf (Pao de Acucar) on one end and Urea on the other. An aerial tramway runs from the street to the top of Urea and from thence to Sugar Loaf. These peaks may be seen from many points in Rio. From Urea we look down below into what is known as Red Square, so called because some years ago it was the scene of a Communist uprising.
We are told that there are twenty-eight hundred miles of beaches in South America, a great many of which are truly lovely. Some ten years ago Copacabana beach consisted of nothing but fishermen's huts, but now a long string of modern apartment houses and hotels stretch for miles.
Another mountain peak, so typical of Rio, is the one called Dois Irmaos (Two Brothers). Wherever you see a hillside on the outskirts of Rio, you see hundreds of shacks known as favelas, built out of tar paper, packing boxes, and pasteboard and housing some four hundred thousand miserable, destitute people. No policeman dares to go into these sections after six o'clock at night, and we are told that if we were to go in there even during the daytime, we would be killed for the very clothes on our backs.
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From the top of Mesa do Imperador we are able to see in the distance not only Sugar Loaf but Corcovado which is a thousand feet higher than Sugar Loaf, and on the top a gigantic statue of Christ the Redeemer which can be seen from every part of Rio. The Copacabana Hotel is one of the finest in Rio and Hotel Ouitandinha in Petropolis is one of the most spectacular spots, built at a cost of ten million dollars.
We are now going to take a boat trip over to the little island of Paqueta from which we see in the background the Organ Mountains, seventy miles away, with the famous peak called "The Finger of God/'
Coming back to Rio, we see signs of the carnival. Poor people, even those from the favelas, live the year round just to enjoy these three days of carnival. Prizes are given for the best costumes, and some of them are very elaborate. One of the most outstanding costumes, and a favorite as well, is what is known as Bahia mammy. The carnival lasts for three days and ends at midnight before Ash Wednesday. The last night of carnival is marked by a huge parade of the most spectacular floats which are built by carnival clubs subsidized by the gov- ernment. This year the motif is fruit.
(Several series of pictures were presented by Mr. Moulton with appropriate symphonic recordings as a background to the films. The musical sequences were used in place of narrative and were most effective in bringing out the continuity of the following series: Clouds, brazilian blooms, bays and beaches, placid waters, highways and byways, swans, carnival kiddies, carnival.)
Hawaiian Scenes and Flowers
Mr. Richard S. Cowan, New York, N. Y. February 23, 1950
At a period of from five to fifteen million years ago a great fissure opened on the ocean floor and from that opening poured forth molten rock, called lava. After the solidified lava had accumulated for millions of years, islands began appearing above the surface of the sea. The oldest island is at the northern end of the chain and is approximately ten million years old; the largest and youngest of the islands is the island of Hawaii at the southern end of the archipelago.
The soil of the islands is usually a very bright red color because of the large amounts of iron present, but most of this iron is unavailable to the plants. This very important element is usually supplied in the form of more soluble compounds for the cultivation of such crops as pineapple.
The native plants of Hawaii are most closely related to the plants of southeastern Asia and the Indo-Malaysian regions.
In Hawaii, festivals of every nature occur throughout the year. The people are very fond of holidays, parades, and feasts, and they use the slightest excuse to hold an election which is always a source of great festivity; in fact, Hawaii is one of the most democratically-inclined places you can imagine. One of the many celebrations is May Day, which in Hawaii is known as Lei Day and is marked by singing, dancing, and parades. The well-known hula dance which interprets events in the past history of the islands is always an integral part of these celebra- tions. Another day of festivity is Kamehameha Day in honor of King Kamehameha, the king who first united all the islands under one rule.
Diamond Head is one of the first things a visitor sees upon approaching the islands; it is the eroded remnants of an extinct volcanic crater. Another popular landmark on the island of Oahu is the Blow Hole. This is a small opening in the reef worn
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by the waves through which a spout of water is forced by in- coming waves. The water spouts to a height of as much as eighty feet on windy days when there is a heavy swell.
Hanalei Valley is one of the large agricultural areas on the northern island of Kauai. Here we see many rice fields and the taro; the roots of the latter supply a starchy material from which "poi" is made.
The Napali coast (literally, "the cliffs") consists of a series of points, one after the other for some twenty or thirty miles; they rise as high as two thousand feet and fall sharply into the sea. The steepness of the face of these points is due to the action of the waves.
Waimea Canyon, the Grand Canyon of Hawaii, is the result of the terrific erosion taking place in the Hawaiian Islands. A large portion of the devegetation has resulted from the presence of countless numbers of goats and sheep brought to the islands by early European voyagers.
Contrary to popular belief, many tropical plants have very small inconspicuous flowers and this is true of the native plants of Hawaii to a great extent. In the case of the "ohia," many small flowers are aggregated in red pompon like heads. The wood is red and extremely hard; it is used to some extent in modern Hawaii for furniture and interior paneling. The inter- esting thing about this plant is its great variability. On the northernmost island, in the bogs, it grows as a small prostrate shrub, but on the southernmost island, it attains a height of a hundred feet or more. The color of the flower varies and color forms with flowers of brilliant red, orange, and pale yellow may be distinguished.
The candlenut tree is found on all the islands and is of the same genus as the tung oil tree. The candlenut was brought to Hawaii by the early Polynesian settlers because of its great economic importance. The oil extracted from the nuts was used in stone lamps or the kernels were strung on bamboo slivers and used for illumination in their huts. The kernels are edible when roasted, but if uncooked are poisonous.
Probably one of the best-known plants of the tropics is the breadfruit. The male flower cluster is a long, cylindrical, club- shaped body consisting of thousands of tiny male flowers; the
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spherical object is the female flower cluster which at maturity forms the fruit. To people in the Pacific region dependent on vegetation for their sustenance, this is probably one of the most important plants. It is a native of the south Pacific area, Tahiti, and Samoa, and was introduced into the West Indies from the Pacific by Captain Bligh of "Mutiny on the Bounty" fame.
The "ti " plant is a member of the lily family and grows very widely over all the islands. The leaves are about two feet long, becoming broader toward the tip, quite fibrous, and they have an innumerable number of uses. The root of the plant has a high sugar content and when baked tastes a little like a very sweet sweet potato.
No other area compares with Hawaii for the number of horti- cultural varieties of the hibiscus. About thirty-five species were introduced into the islands for hybridization. These were crossed and recrossed with half a dozen species until now there are some five thousand varieties, displaying about every color combination imaginable.
Oleander is a commonly planted shrub of the tropics and is native from southern Europe to Persia. It varies from species to species and variety to variety in the color of its petals and in the presence or absence of an odor. It is highly poisonous in all its parts.
The golden dewdrop is a member of the verbena family and not particularly colorful during the flowering period. The individual flowers are small and are borne in huge masses but the plants are primarily conspicuous during the fruiting stage. The fruit is about half an inch long and of a bright golden color. This plant is used in Hawaii for hedges and grows to a height of six to eighteen feet.
Anyone who visits the tropics with a camera is sure to photo- graph bougainvillea, one of the most colorful of the cultivated woody vines. In Hawaii many color forms are cultivated, rang- ing from the common purple variety through salmon, yellow, brick-red, and various other smaller gradations.
There are only three species of orchids native to Hawaii which is rather an anomaly for a tropical region. However, many introduced orchids are cultivated in greenhouses by a multitude of orchid fanciers.
72 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
The central plains region of Oahu, bounded on the east and the west by mountain ranges formed in earlier geological times by volcanoes, is the site of one of the largest pineapple producing areas in the world. Pineapple is the second most important crop in Hawaii, the number one crop being sugar cane. The latter was brought to the islands by the early Polynesian immigrants.
There is so much beauty in Hawaii it would be difficult to absorb it all, even in a lifetime.
Annual Reunion
A capacity attendance marked the Annual Reunion of the Worcester County Horticultural Society held in the Horticultural Building, Thursday evening, April 13, 1950.
The library, scene of the reception, was beautifully decorated with arrangements of snapdragons and daffodils and banked with potted palms and oriental dracaena. An arrangement of orchids and snapdragons adorned the mantel.
In the receiving line with President and iMrs. Allen Hixon were Mr. and Mrs. Myron F. Converse, Dr. and Mrs. Clement Hahn, Mr. and Mrs. Carl B. Ullman, and Dr. Clarence P. Ouimby, guest speaker of the evening.
Following the reception, the guests proceeded to the banquet hall where a turkey dinner was served. Dr. Clement Hahn invoked the divine blessing. The tables were most attractively decorated with carnations grown by Mr. Davenport and arranged by members of the Workshop group.
A word of welcome was extended by President Hixon who recalled briefly earlier reunions of the Society held in Horticul- tural Hall on Front Street. He commended the Workshop group for the excellence of the floral arrangements and compli- mented the Society as a whole on the high standard of their achievements.
President Hixon then introduced the guests seated at the head table: Mr. Edward F. Norberg, President of the New England Florists Credit Association, Mr. William F. Kean, Manager of the Boston Flower Exchange, Mr. and Mrs. S. Lothrop Daven- port, Mr. and Mrs. Earl T. Harper, Professor and Mrs. Robert S. Illingworth, Dr. and Mrs. Clement F. Hahn, iMr. and Mrs. Carl B. Ullman, who formally extended to the Society the greetings of the florists of New England, after which Past Presi- dent Myron F. Converse recalled some of his recent experiences in Salt Lake City and Sun Valley. Dr. Hahn then commended the organization for the enviable reputation it enjoys and for its splendid accomplishments both past and present.
74 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950
Dr. Clarence P. Ouimby, headmaster of Cushing Academy , Ashburnham, Mass., was then presented by Mr. Hixon.
Dr. Ouimby 's subject was "Yankee Tradition" and while he spoke with scintillating wit and adroit humor, punctuating his remarks with a number of humorous anecdotes, yet he brought to his listeners an unmistakable message on the efficacy of the old-fashioned virtues of honesty and industry. Speaking in a serious vein Dr. Ouimby said in part:
"We are all to a certain extent Yankees and Yankees have many traditions. I am going to talk to you about three of them. The first is curiosity. The Yankee comes naturally by his curiosity. Fundamentally and originally he has a profound sense of curiosity. But how far has his offspring come from that position where everybody wanted to know everything? I do not refer to that erudite youth who comes to our halls of learning. I am thinking of the average youngster who says 'So what?' instead of T want to know/ Nothing phases him. He is completely satisfied. Turning a button brings the world to his finger tips and it is very easy for him to be pleasant. Con- sequently the heritage of curiosity which should be his is some- what lost in the complex society which we have given him. We ourselves are living examples of it because how often we accept everything without challenging itl We have only to listen to the propaganda on the radio to know it is very necessary for us to learn to separate the chaff from the wheat.
"The second thing I want to suggest to you is that old Yankee trait, economic consciousness — 'Pay as you go/ Our ancestors never bought anything until they could pay for it. They didn't believe in running into debt. How far we have come from that! And we are to blame for that condition. We encouraged our fathers and our fathers encouraged the children and now the grandchildren to go ahead and put down fifty cents a week. 'You can get it on easy payments; you will be enjoying it while you are paying for it; you can use your money only once and you can make it go a long way/ That personal experience has now spread to our cities, our states, and even to the Federal government. If only all of us learned to pay for what we buy. The Yankee did. That is why he saved a little. He took care of that 'rainy day' himself.
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1950 75
"Everybody is worried about taxes. We have got to have taxes and we have got to have a lot of them to pay for the money we spent when we were fools enough to get hooked into some- thing else. But let us pay for it ourselves. Let's not wait and have our grandchildren pay for it. Our ancestors left their children a little money, a little place, or just a good heritage. We are leaving our children a big debt because we don't want to pay taxes. And one of the reasons we don't want to pay taxes is because we think we are paying money to a lot of folks who are not earning it.
"That brings me to the third trait. The old Yankees, who came up into the forests and dug their homes out of the hard soil and made it flourish, worked for everything they got. They were a healthy, husky lot. Remember that picture of the church down in Plymouth? Everybody is participating in the building of that first meetinghouse. Up in the shadows are four or five red men watching this strange sight. That was several hundred years ago. A short time ago I was down in that area and I watched the descendants of those same Pilgrims and the descend- ants of the same Indians. The descendants of the foreigners were the ones who were working— Italians, Polish, and southern Europeans. The descendants of the Pilgrims, the church build- ers, were standing up in the shade, leaning on their shovels, helping to build sidewalks way out in the country where nobody ever uses them anyway. The foreigners had learned it was a pleasure to work. Your young people do know something about it but not enough. It is a sad commentary that our youngsters are often lazy. They come in and they lie back on a couch and watch everything. We are getting to be a generation of watchers and listeners instead of a generation of doers.
"I am not worried about this generation. I am just telling you what the facts are because we ourselves have gotten so far away from the old-fashioned virtue of hard work/'
At the conclusion of Dr. Quimby's address the audience ad- journed to the auditorium where the Polytechnic Glee Club, under the direction of Mr. Clifford F. Green, presented an enjoyable program of group and octet selections.
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
Offered by the
Worcester County Horticultural Society
Horticultural Building 30 Elm Street Worcester, Mass.
For the year
1950
THE ATTENTION OF EXHIBITORS IS PARTICULARLY CALLED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL AND SPECIAL
The Davis Press, Inc., Worcester
OFFICERS A 1ST) COMMITTEES
of the
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
For the Year 1950
PRESIDENT
ALLEN W. HIXON, Worcester, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
LESLIE E. WINTER, Worcester, Mass. ROBERT S. ILLINGWORTH, Worcester, Mass. EARL T. HARPER, Worcester, Mass.
SECRETARY
S. LOTHROP DAVENPORT, North Grafton, Mass. Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street, Worcester, Mass.
TREASURER
FRANK R, HEATH, JR., Auburn, Mass.
LIBRARIAN
MRS. FLORENCE E. FIELD, Worcester, Mass.
TRUSTEES
Miss Elizabeth R. Bishop John J. Bridgeman Ralph C. Breed Chesterfield Fiske Richard A. Flagg Harold J. Greenwood Allen J. Jenkins William E. Morey Eugene O. Parsons Charles W. Potter Albert W. Schneider Mrs. Emily S. Taft H. Sidney Vaughan Mrs. Edgeworth W.Whitin Ernest P. Bennett
Sutton Auburn Clinton Northboro Boylston Boylston Shrewsbury Shrewsbury Auburn West Boylston Clinton Oxford Northboro N. Uxbridge Worcester
Herbert E. Berg Mrs. Mabel R. Bullock Myron F. Converse Arthur D. Keown Mrs. Bertha G. Denny Mrs. Florence C. Emory Mrs. Alice M. Forbes Ernest Hansen Mrs. Ina E. Hassett Allyne W. Hixon Mrs. Anna N. W. Hobbs H. Ward Moore Mrs. Amy W. Smith George F. E. Story William B. Midgley
Worcester Worcester Worcester Wilkinson ville Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester Holden Worcester Worcester Leicester Worcester
Harry Harrison, 1950
George Avery White, 1950
STANDING COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Malcolm C. Midgley, 1951
NOMINATING COMMITTEE
Warren G. Davis, 1951
Myron F. Converse, 1952
Carlton F. Claflin, 1952
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman Mrs. Harold S. Bowker
S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Amy Smith
Chesterfield Fiske Mrs. William W. Taft Mrs. Percy G. Forbes Mrs. John D. Hassett Myron F. Converse H. Ward Moore
ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Dr. Burton N. Gates Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian
ON NOMENCLATURE
Ernest Hansen
ON ARRANGEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS
Allen J. Jenkins, Chairman
Charles Potter Allen J. Jenkins
President, Allen W. Hixon Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William E. Morey William B. Midgley Mrs. Florence E. Field Allyne W. Hixon Charles Potter
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary Elizabeth R. Bishop Leslie E. Winter Arthur D. Keown Herbert E. Berg Earl T. Harper
Harry C. Midgley
AUDITORS
Harrison G. Taylor
JUDGES
Plants and Flowers: William B. Midgley, Worcester Fruit: Homer O. Mills, Sutton
Vegetables: H. Ward Moore, Worcester
Allen W. Hixon, Chairman
Allen W. Hixon, Chairman Myron F. Converse Harrison G. Taylor
MEDAL COMMITTEE
Myron F. Converse
ON WINTER MEETINGS
Robert S. Illingworth
S. Lothrop Davenport
S. Lothrop Davenport, Secretary
Earl T. Harper
H. Sidney Vaughan
Office, Library, and Exhibition Hall 30 Elm Street
RULES MUST BE READ CAREFULLY
GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
1. Strict conformity to the Regulations and Rules will be expected and required, as well for the benefit of exhibitors as for the convenience of the Officers of the Society.
2. Every Exhibit entered in a class of named varieties should be correctly named.
3. All articles offered for premiums must remain within the Hall throughout the hours of Exhibition, unless special permission for their removal shall be granted by the Committee on Exhibition, etc.
4. No person shall make more than one entry of the same variety or be awarded more than one premium under the same number.
5. The Judges may correct, before the close of any Exhibition, awards made by them, if satisfied that such were erroneous.
6. The cards of exhibitors competing for premiums shall be reversed, until after premiums are awarded.
7. Competitors are expected to conform strictly to the con- ditions under which articles are invited. Evasion or violation of them may be reported to the Trustees for future disqualification of the offender.
8. All articles for exhibition must be in the Hall and ready for inspection by the Judges by 2 o'clock unless otherwise specified. Otherwise they will be ruled out. Between 2 and 3 o'clock the Hall will be in exclusive charge of the Committee on Arrange- ments and Exhibitions. Open to the public from 3 to 8.30 o'clock.
9. Competition for premiuns is open to all residents of Worces= ter County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two (2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the Exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
11. Where a certain number or quantity of Plants, Flowers, Fruits or Vegetables is designated in the schedule, there must be
4 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
neither more nor less than that number or quantity of specimens shown; and in no case can other varieties than those named in the schedule be substituted.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
13. The Committee on Arrangements has power to change the time of exhibition for any article, if an earlier or later season renders such change desirable.
14. All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as "Pippin, " "Sweeting." "Green- ing," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibit- ing the same variety of Fruit or Vegetable, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
15. Competitors will be required to furnish information as to their mode of cultivation, and to present specimens for trial and examinations, if requested.
16. In all exhibitions of Cut Flowers for competition, the number of blooms, clusters, sprays or spikes shown is not re- stricted except that it is expected the exhibitor shall use only a sufficient number to make a well-balanced display. All shall be of one color and of one variety in the same vase, except Displays, Vases, Baskets, Standards, or otherwise specified in the schedule. The Judge will consider the quality of the flowers rather than the quantity.
17. GT The Judges are authorized by the Trustees to invite the assistance of competent and discreet persons in the discharge of their duties.
18. No Judge shall require anything of competitors respecting their exhibits which is not distinctly specified in the schedule.
19. In Table Decorations, collections and displays of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, Vases, and Baskets, where the number of exhibits exceeds the number of premiums offered, the Judge may award prizes to any worthy exhibits not receiving a premium.
20. All premiums that are not claimed within one year after the close of the official year shall be forfeited to the Society.
1950]
RULES AND REGULATIONS
5
21. U. P. Hedrick's "Fruits of New York," and S. A. Beach's "The Apples of New York," will guide the Judge of Fruits in his decisions upon matters at issue. Totty's Catalogue, George J. Ball, Inc., and American Bulb Co., Catalogues to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges.
22. No artificial plants, flowers, or foliage preserved by any process shall be exhibited at any show of this Society, except for a special purpose and with the consent of the show management.
23. While the Society will take reasonable precautions for the safety of the property of exhibitors, it will be responsible in no case for any loss or damage that may occur.
Scale of Points Cut Flowers and Wild Flowers. —
Arrangement 30 points Quality of blooms (including condition and value) 40
Number of varieties 15 "
Properly named 15 Lilies. —
Size and color of bloom 35 points
Number of perfect flowers and buds on stem 35 "
Arrangement 15 "
Properly named 15 "
Display, Baskets and Standards. —
Arrangement 40 points
Quality (including condition and value) 45 "
Variety 15 "
Collections. —
Quality (including condition and value) 45 points
Arrangement 25 "
Variety 30 " Table Decoration. —
Distinction and originality 20 points
Color harmony 20 "
Relationship of accessories (textures) 10 "
Perfection of centerpiece or decoration 20 "
Proportion and balance of accessories 10 "
Condition of material 10 " Suitability to occasion or how well it conforms to
schedule 10 "
100 points
6
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Special Funds
OF THE
Worcester County Horticultural Society
The following is a list of the Special Funds of the Worcester County Horticultural Society the income of which is devoted to the purpose stated. The date prefixed to each indicates the year in which the fund was established. 1888. Francis Henshaw Dewey Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for the purchase of books. 1898. William Eames Fund. $500.00.
Income to be used for prizes for the promotion of apple
culture.
1906. Frederick A. Blake Fund. $1,000.00.
Income only to be used in providing Medals to be awarded to the originators of new varieties of Fruits or Flowers, preference always being given to residents of Worcester County.
In case that the Worcester County Horticultural Society does not find occasion to award medals for New Fruits or Flowers, the said income may be used for special premiums for Orchids or other choice Greenhouse Plants and Flowers.
1907. Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious exhibits of Flowers,
Fruits and Vegetables. 1922. Edwin Draper Fund. $300.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Horticultural exhibitions
held under the direction of said Society. 1924. Miss Frances Clary Morse Fund. $500.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. 1937. George and Belle McWilliam Fund. $500.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. 1939. The Coulson Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for prizes for Flowers. 1943. G. A. Bigelow Fund. $1,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious garden grown exhibits
of Roses.
1949. Mabel Knowles Gage Fund. $5,000.00.
Income to be used for meritorious Thanksgiving Tables.
Flowers, Plants, Fruits and Vegetables
1950
BP The Committee on Arrangements and Exhibitions would direct the earnest attention of the Judge to Rule 12.
12. The Judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens and may correct any errors that they think were without deliberate purpose.
Special Rules
1. Exhibitors should have all specimens correctly and legibly named and the number of varieties written on the entry cards, notice of which will be taken by the judges in awarding the premiums.
2. While it is expected that exhibitors will take pains to correctly name their exhibits, the judges will not exclude an exhibit for mistake in nomenclature.
3. in all exhibitions of lilies the pollen may be removed.
4. in all exhibits of wild flowers only those falling in groups ii and iii of the hadwen botanical club leaflet may be shown. wlld flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
5. At no time shall the exhibit contain more than one- third FROM GROUP II.
6. Ask the secretary for leaflet of the hadwen botani- cal CLUB SHOWING FLOWERS NOT TO BE EXHIBITED.
By vote of the trustees, all entries must be made to the Secretary and all cards made out by him or his assistants.
Spiring Exhibition
Thursday, March 9, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, March 10, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, March 11, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, March 12, 12 m. to 9 p. m.
Notify Secretary four weeks in advance for space All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday Garden Displays:
I
II
III
Exhibitors occupying approximately 400 square feet
Exhibitors occupying approximately 200 square feet
Exhibitors occupying approximately 100 square feet
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
285.00 275.00 265.00 255.00
135.00 125.00 115.00 105.00
65.00 55.00 45.00
Scale of points by which the above class is to be judged.
Design and consistency to scale Suitability and quality of plant material Color harmony Seasonability
Quality and suitability of accessories Condition of plant material Correct and suitable labeling
Plant Displays :
IV Total Allotment V Cut Flowers VI Fruit VII Vegetables VIII Carnations Workshop Group:
Flower Arrangement.
30 points 25 10 10 10 10 5
100 points
400.00 75.00
150.00 75.00
150.00
Worcester Garden Club Exhibit
May Exhibition
Thursday, May 11
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 2. Display, 24 square feet 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
No. 3. Small display, 12 sq. f t. 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in the call for large displays during the year.
No. 4. Basket, mixed 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 5. Fifteen vases, no duplicates 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Spring Bulbs, open culture. —
No. 6. Display. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Pansy. —
No. 7. Twenty vases, one flower with
own foliage in a vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement. —
No. 8. Low container, no restrictions. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Frederick A. Blake Fund
Carnations, fifty carnations in a basket. —
A. Basket of white
Basket of dark pink
Basket of light pink
Basket of any other color Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
10 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Table Decorations, Flowers. —
No. 9. Oblong table, laid for four covers. No restrictions. Notify the Secretary two
days in advance 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00
Apple. —
No. 10. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes. Lettuce. —
No. 11. Six heads 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 12. One-half peck 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Radish, two bunches, six in each bunch. —
No. 13. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 14. Linnaeus 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 15. Any variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 16. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 17. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Iris Exhibition
Thursday, June 8
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Iris, German. —
No. 18. Display. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 19. Twenty vases, one stem in
a vase, preferably named 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 20. Basket. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 21. Display, 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 No. 22. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year.
Table Decorations, Iris predominating. —
No. 23. Oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers grown by exhibitor. Forty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
African Violets. —
No. 24. At least four plants. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Peonies. —
No. 25. Vase or Basket 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 Lupinus. —
No. 26. Vase 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 Roses. —
No. 27. Vase of Roses. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Asparagus, two bunches, twelve specimens each. —
No. 28. Any variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 29. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
12
WORCESTER, COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1950
Radishes.—
No. 30. Two bunches. Six in each bunch. Three dollars may
Onion. —
No. 34. Two bunches. Six in each bunch 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE RULES AND REGULATIONS APPEARING ON PAGES 8 AND 4, GIVING SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE FOLLOWING:
9. Competition for premiums is open to all residents of Worcester County only, and it is strictly required that all specimens offered for exhibition shall have been grown by the competitors, on their own premises, for at least two {2) months previous to the date of exhibition, except where no restriction is stated in schedule.
10. After the articles are arranged, they will be under the exclusive charge of the Judges and Committee of Arrangements, and not even the owners will have liberty to remove them until the exhibition is closed, and no sale of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables shall be made in the building.
14- All articles offered for exhibition should be correctly named. Indefinite appellations such as "Pippin," "Sweeting,11 "Greening," etc., will not be considered as names. Any person exhibiting the same variety of Fruit or Vegetables, under different names, or exhibiting as grown by himself Flowers, Fruit or Vegetables grown by another, thereby violating the objects and rules of the Society, may be debarred from competing for the Society's premiums until reinstated.
be used for prizes.
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 31. Linnaeus No. 32. Victoria
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce. —
No. 33. Six heads
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Peony Exhibition
Thursday, June 15
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. — From hardy plants and shrubs, outdoor culture, to be named
No. 35. Large display, 24 sq. ft. 6 . 50 6 . 00 5 . 50 5 . 00 4 . 50 No. 36. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 37. Fifteen vases,
No duplicates 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Siberian Iris. —
No. 38. Medium basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 39. Standard German Iris 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Roses. —
No. 40. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 41. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peonies. —
No. 42. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 43. Twenty vases, one flower
in each 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement. —
No. 44. Hardy plants and shrubs. Container furnished by exhibitor. Thirty dollars may be used.
14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [i960
Foxglove. —
No. 45. Vase of twelve spikes 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00 Aquilegia. —
No. 46. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 47. Howard 17 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 48. Any other variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Rhubarb, twelve stalks. —
No. 49. Victoria 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Spinach. —
No. 50. One-half peck 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Lettuce. —
No. 51. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Rose Exhibition
Thursday, June 22, open from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
Roses. —
No. 52. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 53. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. P. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
No. 54. Twelve blooms of distinct named varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor culture 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 55. Six blooms of distinct named varieties of H. T. roses, outdoor
culture 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
No. 56. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Thirty dollars to be used for prizes.
Iso. 57. Vase of roses, 12 blooms 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 58. Vase H. P. roses, not to exceed
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 59. Vase H. T. roses, not exceeding
ten blooms 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 60. Display of cut climbing roses. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes
No. 61. Basket of roses 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 62. Using Tray or Platter for background. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
16 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Special Prizes Miss Frances C. Morse Fund
B. Table decoration of roses, oblong table laid for four covers. Flowers
grown by exhibitors 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2 00
* * *
Peonies. —
No. 63. Display of Peonies. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Aquilegia. —
No. 64. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Special Prizes Obadiah Brown Hadwen Fund
Hardy Flowers and Shrubs, to be named. —
C. Display of outdoor varieties 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 65. HowardNo. 17 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 66. Pathfinder 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 67. Catskill 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 68. New varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 69. Four baskets of strawberries,
any variety 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 70. Display, strawberries 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Cherry, one quart. —
No. 71. For any named variety, five dollars may be used for prizes. Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 72. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 73. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads. —
No. 74. Big Boston Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Beets. —
No. 75. Twelve specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Thursday, June 29
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 76. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 No. 77. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 No. 78. Basket, mixed 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
Dianthus Barbatus (Sweet William). —
No. 79. Bowl 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Campanula. —
No. 80. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Delphinium. —
No. 81. One vase, not more than twelve
spikes 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Roses. —
No. 82. Collection of cut roses, at least six varieties. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Sweet Peas. —
No. 83. Small Basket. Use own foliage. Fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Table Decorations. —
Xo. 84. Oblong table laid for four
covers. No restrictions 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
This call is intended for exhibitors who do not exhibit in other table decorations during the year. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
* * *
is
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
G. A. Bigelow Fund
Roses. —
D. Vase of garden-grown roses, twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
* * *
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 85. Howard No. 17 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 86. Catskill 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 87 . Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 88. Collections, not more than six
varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 89. For any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 90. Black Tartarian 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 91. Gov. Wood 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 92. Best display, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 93. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Beet.—
No. 94. Twelve specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Carrot. —
No. 95. Two bunches, six in each 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck.
No. 96. World's Record No. 97. Any other variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Sweet Pea Exhibition
Thursday, July 6
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 98. Display not over 18 sq. ft. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
No. 99. Ten vases, not more than 25
flower stems in a vase 4 . 00 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 100. Table Decoration — Sweet Peas, oblong table laid for four covers, Gypsophila may be used. Flowers grown by exhibitor. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 101. Collection of Sweet Peas, not
less than six varieties 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
Japanese Iris. —
No. 102. Display, twenty dollars may be used for prizes. No. 103. Ten vases, one stem in a vase,
preferably named 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Delphinium. —
No. 104. Display, thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Lilium Candidum. —
No. 105. Vase 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Lilium Regale. —
No. 106. Basket 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Roses. —
No. 107. Collection of cut climbing roses, not less than six varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
20
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Strawberry, twenty-four berries. —
No. 108. Catskill 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 109. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Preference given to worthy varieties of recent introduction.
Raspberry, Black Cap, one pint. —
No. 1 10. Named variety 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 111. Early varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 112. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 113. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cherry, one quart. —
No. 114. Coe's Transparent 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 115. Montmorency 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 116. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Currant, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 117. For any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 118. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 119. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 120. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No 121. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, July 13
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 122. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 No. 123. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in call for large displays during the year. No. 124. Basket, mixed 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.50
Japanese Iris. —
No. 125. Basket 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
No. 126. Display. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
Centaurea. —
No. 127. Display, Gypsophila may be
Petunia. —
No. 128. Twenty vases, one flower in
each. Use own foliage 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 129. Pottery container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Forty dollars may be used for prizes.
Raspberry, one pint. —
used
4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
No. 130. Latham
No. 131. Taylor
No. 132. Any other red variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50 1.50 1.00 .50
Currants, twenty-four bunches.
No. 133. Any named varieties.
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
22 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Gooseberry, one quart. —
No. 134. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pea, one-half peck. —
No. 135. Telephone 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, Snap, one-half peck. —
No. 136. Wax 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 137. Green Pod 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber. —
No. 138. Three specimens 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 139. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, Iceberg.—
No. 140. Six heads 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 141. Summer 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Thursday, July 20
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gut Flowers. —
No. 142. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 No. 143. Small display, 12 square feet 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 No. 144. Standard, mixed 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 No other standards to be shown.
Antirrhinum (Snap Dragon). —
Xo. 145. Display 3.00 2.00 1.00 .50
Table Decorations. —
Xo. 146. Round table, laid for four covers. Flowers to be grown by the exhibitor. If Sweet Peas are used, flow- ers other than Gypsophila must be used in combina- tion. 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 147. Fifteen vases. No
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Sweet Peas, annual. —
Xo. 148. Five vases, 25 flower stems
in vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
Xo. 149. Twelve vases 4. 50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Hemerocallis (Day Lilies). —
No. 150. Display. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
Xo. 151. Yellow Transparent 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 152. Other early varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
24
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1950
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 153. Any named red variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 154. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry. —
Display of Small Fruits.—
No. 158. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 159. Any named variety 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 160. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lettuce, six heads.—
No. 161. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 162. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 155. Wild, one quart
No. 156. Cultivated, one pint, named
1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Currants, twenty-four bunches. —
No. 157. Wilder
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, July 27
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 163. Display, 24 square feet 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00
No. 164. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
No. 165. Basket, mixed 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00
Gladiolus. —
No. 166. Ten vases, named varieties,
one spike in each 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 167. Bowl or vase 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Larkspur, annual. —
No. 168. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50
Flower Arrangement (1950 Workshop Group). —
No. 169. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 170. Astrachan 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 171. Yellow Transparent 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Blackberry, one quart. —
No. 172. Any variety, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Blueberry, one quart. —
No. 173. Cultivated, one pint 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 174. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Raspberry, one pint. —
No. 175. Any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 176. Any variety 1.50 1.00 .50
26 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Fruit Display. —
No. 177. At least two kinds of Fruit. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 178. Any named variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 179. Summer 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 180. Irish Cobbler 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 181. Any other variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 182. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 12 square feet. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, August 3
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
Xo. 183. Display, 18 sq. ft. 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
No. 184. Basket, mixed 5 .00 4 .50 4 .00 3 .50 3 .00 2 .50
The Coulson Fund
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
E. Container to be furnished and
flowers to be grown by exhibitor 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 * * *
Gladiolus. —
No. 185. Display (not to exceed 50 square feet). Forty dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 186. Basket, Gladiolus 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
Salpiglossis. —
No. 187. Display 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Phlox, perennial. —
No. 188. Twelve vases, named varieties,
one truss in each vase 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Zinnia, large flowered. —
No. 189. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Wild Flowers. —
No. 190. Vase or basket arrangement
for effect 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7. Blueberry. —
No. 191. Cultivated, one pint, any named
variety 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 192. Wild, one quart 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
28
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 193. Oldenburg No. 194. Astrachan
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 195. Any variety
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 196. Any variety
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 197. Copenhagen No. 198. Any other named variety
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 199. Yellow, Sweet
Potato, twelve specimens. —
No. 200. Chippewa No. 201. Any other variety
Tomato, open culture, twelve specimens. —
No. 202. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 203. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Gladiolus Exhibition
Thursday, August 10
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gladiolus. —
No. 204. Display (not to exceed 50 sq. ft.). Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance. Fifty dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 205. Twenty vases, one spike in
each, preferably named 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement. —
No. 206. Gladiolus. Thirty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Aster, large flowered, long stem. —
No. 207. Vase of 20 blooms 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Salpiglossis. —
No, 208. Bowl 2.00 1.00 .50
Annuals. —
No. 209. Display, fifteen dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 210. Williams 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 211. For seasonable varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 212. Japanese varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Shell, one-half peck. —
No. 213. Dwarf, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 214. Pole, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
30
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1950
Bean, String, one-half peck. —
No. 215. Kentucky Wonder
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, Sweet, twelve ears. —
No. 216. Any named variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 217. Any named variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cucumber, for pickles. —
No. 218. One-half peck
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 219. Any named variety (excepting summer varieties)
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
1.50 1.00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 220. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Display of Vegetables. —
No. 221. Not to exceed 24 square feet. Twent}^-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, August 17
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Gladiolus. —
No. 222. Standard of gladiolus 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No other standards to be shown. No. 223. Basket, large. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Zinnia. —
No. 224. Display, notify the Secretary two days
in advance 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Dahlia.—
No. 225. Display. Single, pompon,
and miniature 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 00
Display of Garden Flowers. —
No. 226. Not to exceed 24 square
feet 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
No. 227. Small Display, 12 square feet 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Flowers on Mirror
No. 228. Small container to be shown on a mirror. Exhibitors may use own containers. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. One entry from each exhibitor.
Aster, single or anemone. —
No. 229. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Apples, twelve specimens.—
No. 230. Early Mcintosh 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 23 1 . Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Apple, crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 232. Varieties not scheduled 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
32
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1950
Plums, twelve specimens. —
No. 233. Washington 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 234. Bradshaw 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 235. Imperial Gage 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 236. For varieties not scheduled, three dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 237. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 238. Early varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Bean, Pole, one-half peck. —
No. 239. SheU 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 240. String, any variety 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Corn, twelve ears. —
No. 241. Sweet, not less than twelve rows
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 242. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, August 24
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 243. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
No. 244. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
Xo. 245. Basket, large, mixed 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Aster, large flowered. —
No. 246. Twelve vases, not less than four varieties, three
blooms in a vase 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Lilies. —
No. 247. Display. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Dahlia.—
LARGE FLOWERED. —
No. 248. Twenty vases, one flower in
each 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
Zinnia. —
SMALL FLOWERED VARIETY.
No. 249. Display 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 250. Display 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 251. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. No restric- tions. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 252. Gravenstein 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 253. Red Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 254. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
34 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Plum.—
No. 255. Display, no restriction as to
arrangements 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 256. Golden Jubilee 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 257. Carmen 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
No. 258. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 259. Clapp's Favorite 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 260. Any named variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 261. Wonder Type 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 262. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 263. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Children's Exhibition
Schedule of Premiums — Back of book
Thursday, August 31
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 264. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 265. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 No. 266. Pair mantel vases. 18-inch space. Vases to be owned
and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Thirty-five
dollars may be used for prizes. Wild Flowers. —
No. 267. Fifteen vases, no
duplicates 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
See special rules on Wild Flowers, page 7.
Dahlia.—
No. 268. Standard— Dahlias
predominating 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00
No other standards to be shown. Gladiolus. —
No. 269. Basket 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Aster. —
No. 270. Display, not exceeding
25 square feet 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Scabiosa. —
No. 271. Vase 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Lilies.—
No. 272. Vase 3.50 3.00 2.50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 273. Gravenstein 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 274. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 275. Wealthy 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, Crab, twenty-four specimens. —
No. 276. Hyslop 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
36
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
[1950
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 277. Seedlings
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 278. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 279. New varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 280. Any other variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 285. For Japanese varieties not scheduled, five dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 286. Other varieties. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Pepper, twelve specimens. —
No. 281. No. 282. No. 283. No. 284.
Golden Varieties Lombard Burbank New varieties
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 287. Squash
No. 288. Varieties not scheduled
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Tomato, twelve specimens. —
No. 289. Bonny Best
No. 290. Beauty
No. 291. Any other variety
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Bean, one-half peck. —
No. 292. Bush Lima No. 293. Pole Lima
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cabbage, three specimens.—
No. 294. Any named variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Celery, (named) six specimens. —
No. 295. Any variety
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Carrot, twelve specimens. —
No. 296. Any variety
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
37
Egg Plant.—
No. 297 . Three specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Mushroom, native. —
No. 298. Collection of edible varieties. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
No. 299. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, September 7
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 300. Display 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 No. 301. Small display, 12 sq. ft. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00
Dahlia.—
No. 302. Twenty vases, one flower in
each vase 4.50 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 303. Vase or basket 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 304. Fifteen vases, one spike in a
vase 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 Marigold. — No. 305. Display. Notify the Secre- tary two days in advance 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 306. Seedlings 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 307. New varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 308. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 309. Bartlett 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 310. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 311. Elberta, early No. 312. Any other variety No. 313. Display, no restriction as to arrangement
Plum, twelve specimens. —
No. 314. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
8.00 6.00 4.00 3.00
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
39
Grape, three clusters. —
No. 315. Green Mountain 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 316. Moore's Early 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 317. Ontario 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 318. Fredonia 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 319. Varieties not scheduled. Five dollars for prizes.
No. 320. New varieties 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 321. Any variety
Melon, three specimens. —
Xo. 322. Green Flesh No. 323. Yellow Flesh Xo. 324. Water
Cucumber, three specimens. —
No. 325. Any variety
|
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
Tomato. —
Xo. 326. Display. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 327. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Dahlia Exhibition
Thursday, September 14
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m. Dahlia.—
No. 328. Display (not to exceed 50 square feet). Fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the secretary two days in advance.
No. 329. Twelve vases, one flower
ineach 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for the growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
No. 330. Single varieties, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 No. 331. Basket of large flowered 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1 . 00 No. 332. Pompon, twenty vases 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Display of Flower Arrangement. —
No. 333. Not to cover more than 20 square feet. Flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Receptacles to be furnished by the exhibitors. Not more than twelve receptacles to be used. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Sixty dollars may be used for prizes. No baskets.
Scale of Points by Which the Above Class is to be Judged
Arrangement of flowers 40 points
Quality of flowers 35 points Proportion and harmony of flowers
with receptacles 25 points
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
No. 334. Cut flowers in vases. Not more than twenty vases to be used. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Herbs. —
No. 335. Display. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
41
Edwin Draper Fund
Begonia, tuberous rooted. —
F. Display of Potted Plants. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 336. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
|
No. 337. Milton |
2. 00 |
1 |
. 50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
||
|
Pear, twelve specimens. — |
||||||||
|
No. 338. Seckel |
3.00 2.50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
|
Xo. 339. Any variety, not scheduled |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|||
|
Peach. — |
||||||||
|
No. 340. Elberta |
2.50 |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
|
No. 341. Any other variety |
2.50 |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
|
Quince, twelve specimens. — |
||||||||
|
No. 342. Orange |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
||
|
Grape, three clusters. — |
||||||||
|
No. 343. Brighton |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
||
|
No. 344. Campbell |
1, |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|||
|
No. 345. Worden |
3.00 |
2.50 |
2 |
,00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
No. 346. Concord |
3.00 |
2.50 |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
|
No. 347. Delaware |
2.50 |
2 |
00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
|
No. 348. Niagara |
3.00 |
2.50 |
2 |
,00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
|
No 349. Moore's Diamond |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
,00 |
.50 |
No. 350. For other varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 351. New varieties, ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 352. Basket of Fancy Grapes
(baskets furnished) 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 353. Warren 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 354. Golden Hubbard 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 355. For varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 356. Butternut 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 357. Golden Delicious 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
42 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 358. Red 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 359. Savoy 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 360. Any other variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 361. Three specimens 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Broccoli. —
No. 362. Three specimens 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 363. Market Basket of Vegetables. Basket furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, September 21
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m
Gut Flowers. —
No. 364. Display, not over 18 sq. ft. Twenty-five dollars may
be used for prizes. No. 365. Large Basket, mixed. Twenty-five dollars may be
used for prizes.
Dahlia.—
No. 366. Thirty vases, one flower in each. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
No. 367. Basket 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
This number is intended for growers who do not compete in other classes for Dahlias during the year.
Cosmos. —
No. 368. Display. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50
Flower Arrangement for Living Room. —
No. 369. Container to be furnished and flowers to be grown by exhibitor. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Apple, one flat. —
No. 370. Mcintosh 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
No. 371. Any variety not scheduled
3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
No. 372. Hubbardston 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 373. Mcintosh 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 No. 374. Varieties not scheduled, five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 375. Sutton Beauty 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
44 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 376. Sheldon 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 377. Display, no restrictions as to arrangement. Twenty
dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary
two days in advance.
Peach. —
No. 378. Any variety. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Grapes. —
No. 379. Display of Grapes. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Peppers. —
No. 380. Display. Thirty dollars to be used for prizes.
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 381. Green Delicious 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 382. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 383. Three specimens. 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Vegetables. —
No. 384. Display, not to exceed 24 square feet, thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance.
Thursday, September 28
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 385. Display, 24 square feet 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
No. 386. Small display, 12 square feet 3 . 50 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00
No. 387. Basket, mixed 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00
Standard of Cut Flowers.—
No. 388. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum. —
No. 389. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Table Decorations — Fruit. —
No. 390. Oblong table laid for four covers.
No restriction as to grower. Notify the Secretary two days in advance
6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
No. 391. Mcintosh 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apple, three flats. —
No. 392. Three varieties 7 . 00 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 393. Mcintosh 5.50 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 394. Any other named variety 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Apples, twenty-five specimens.
No. 395. Any named variety. 3 . 00 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Display of Fruit. —
No. 396. Not to exceed 20 square feet. Thirty dollars may be
used for prizes. No. 397. Basket of fancy fruit
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
46 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 398. Bosc 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 399. Basket of Fancy Pears
(Baskets furnished) 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 400. Collection of not less than five varieties, three clusters each. 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
Pumpkins, three specimens. —
No. 401. Sweet
Cabbage, three specimens. —
No. 402. Any named variety
Parsley. —
No. 403. One-half peck
2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Celery, six specimens. —
No. 404. Golden 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 405. Other varieties 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Squash, three specimens. —
No. 406. Blue Hubbard 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 407. Collection. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables (not commercial growers). —
No. 408. Display of vegetables from Home Gardens to cover 15 square feet. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Fruit and Vegetable Exhibition Thursday, October 5
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 2 o'clock
This exhibition will be open to the public from 3 to 8.30 p. m.
Cut Flowers. —
No. 409. Display. Forty dollars may be awarded for prizes. No. 410. Basket, mixed. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Hardy Chrysanthemum, out-door culture. —
No. 411. Cut flowers in vases. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
Arrangement of Natural Dried Material. —
No. 412. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Twenty
dollars may be used for prizes. Cacti and Succulents. —
No. 413. Not to exceed 24 square feet 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 Apple, one flat. —
No. 414. Baldwin 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 415. Any other variety except
Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 416. Collection, not to exceed
10 varieties 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.00
Apple, Mass. standard box, commercially packed. —
No. 417. Any variety except
Mcintosh 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Apple, twelve specimens. —
|
No. 418. |
Baldwin 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 419. |
Golden Delicious |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 420. |
Winter Banana |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 421. |
R. I. Greening |
2.50 2.00 |
1, |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 422. |
Northern Spy |
2.50 2.00 |
1, |
50 |
1 |
.00 , |
.50 |
|
No. 423. |
Mcintosh |
3.00 2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
.00 |
50 |
|
No. 424. |
Cortland |
2.50 2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 425. |
Rome Beauty |
2.00 |
1 |
50 |
1 |
.00 . |
50 |
|
No. 426. |
Delicious |
3.00 2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 . |
50 |
|
No. 427. |
New varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes, |
48 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Apple, twelve specimens. — (continued) No. 428. Sweet varieties, five dollars may be used for prizes. No. 429. For varieties other than sweet not scheduled, fifteen
dollars may be used for prizes. No. 430. For varieties that have been scheduled, fifteen dollars
may be used for prizes. No. 431. Basket of fancy apples
(baskets furnished) 2. 50 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 50
Grape, open culture. —
No. 432. For any variety, six clusters, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Pear, twelve specimens. —
No. 433. Anjou 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 434. Lawrence 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 435. For varieties not scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 436. For varieties that have been scheduled, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Peach, twelve specimens. —
No. 437 . Any variety, named, ten dollars may be used for prizes
Quince, twelve specimens. —
No. 438. Champion 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 439. Three specimens 2. 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, six specimens. —
No. 440. Golden 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 44 1 . Summer Pascal 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
No. 442. Varieties not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Endive. —
No. 443. Six specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Leeks. —
No. 444. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
49
Onion, twelve specimens. —
No. 445. Any variety, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Salsify.—
No. 446. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Parsnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 447. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Potato, four varieties (named). —
No. 448. Twelve specimens of each 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
Turnip, twelve specimens. —
No. 449. English Type (Purple Top) 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 450. Any variety, not scheduled 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Grains. —
No. 451. Best exhibit, five dollars may be used for prizes.
Field Beans. —
No. 452. Best exhibit, ten dollars may be used for prizes.
Vegetables. —
No. 453. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes.
Chrysanthemum Exhibition
Thursday, Nov. 9, 3 to 9 p. m. Friday, Nov. 10, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday, Nov. 11, 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Sunday, Nov. 12, 12 m. to 9 p. m.
All articles for this exhibition must be in the hall and ready for inspection by the judges by 1 o'clock Thursday
Chrysanthemums, Commercial varieties. —
Use catalogue of Charles H. Totty Co., Madison, N. J., also George J. Ball, Inc., and American Bulb Co., catalogues to be used for Chrysanthemums by the Judges.
No. 454. Twelve blooms, not less than
six varieties, to be named 12.00 10.00 8.00
No. 455. Collection of twenty-five large
blooms, long stems 20.00 15.00 10.00
No. 456. Pompons, display in vases, not more than 15 vases, 5 stems in each
6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 No. 457. Single varieties, display in vases, not more than 9 vases,
5 stems in each 5 .00 4 .00 3 .00
No. 458. Anemones, display in vases, not more than 12 vases,
5 stems in each 5 .50 5 .00 4 .50 4 .00
No. 459. Three pots Chrysanthemums 15.00 10.00 8.00 No. 460. One pot Chrysanthemums 5 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Standard Commercial Varieties.—
Use Totty's Catalogue, Madison, N. J.
No. 461. Chrysanthemums, vase of white 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 462. Chrysanthemums, vase of yellow 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 463. Chrysanthemums, vase of pink 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 No. 464. Any other color 5.00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
Note. Six flowers in each, one variety in each vase. Stems not less than two feet. Exhibition Varieties. —
No. 465. Any variety 6 . 00 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00
Note. Six flowers in a vase. Stems not less than two feet.
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
51
Chrysanthemums. —
No. 466. Basket of Pompons
5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 No. 467. Basket of Single 5 . 00 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00 1 . 00
No. 468. Basket of Anemones 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Arrangement not to exceed 30 inches in height and width. Garden Displays. —
No. 469. Exhibitors occupying approximately 400 square feet
No. 470. Exhibitors occupying approximately 200 square feet
No. 471. Exhibitors occupying approximately 100 square feet
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
No. 4
No. 1 No. 2
260.00 250.00 240.00 230.00
125.00 115.00 105.00 95.00
65.00 55.00
Scale of points by which the above class is to be judged.
Design and consistency of scale Suitability and quality of plant material Color harmony Seasonability
Quality and suitability of accessories Condition of plant material Correct and suitable labeling
30 points 25 10 10 10 10 5
100 points
* * * Plant Displays. —
No. 472. Total Allotment 50 . 00
Persons competing for these premiums must notify the Sec- retary three weeks before date of Exhibition. Flower Arrangement, Chrysanthemums. —
No. 473. Container to be furnished by exhibitor. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. No restrictions. G. Special Exhibits. Flowering Plants other than Chrysanthemums. — Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes.
52
WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Frederick A. Blake Fund
H. Chrysanthemums. — Best bloom 4 . 00 3 . 00 2 . 00
I. Chrysanthemums. — Large Flowers. Basket. Fifteen dollars
may be awarded for prizes.
Special Prizes. Mrs. Mabel Knowles Gage
J. Table Decorations. — A Thanksgiving table. No restrictions.
Laid for four covers. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. One hundred dollars to be used for prizes. * * * Christmas Decorations. —
No. 474. Use material in natural condition. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes. Fern Globes. —
No. 475. 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00
Terrariums.—
No. 476. Large — Containers must be over 18 inches but must not ex- ceed 36 inches in any dimension 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 No. 477. Small — Cont ainers must not ex- ceed 18 inches in any dimension 3.00 2.00 1.50 1.00 Fruit Display. —
No. 478. Must contain at least three or more kinds of fruit. No restriction as to arrangement, not to exceed 30 square feet. Seventy-five dollars may be used for prizes. Notify the Secretary two days in advance. Apple Display. —
No. 479. 50 square feet. One hundred and fifty dollars may be used for prizes. Apples, forty-nine specimens. —
No. 480. Baldwin 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 481. Mcintosh 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 482. Delicious 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 483. Cortland 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
No. 484. Other named varieties. Twenty-five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 485. Basket of Fancy Apples 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 No. 486. Basket of Fancy Pears 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
53
Apples, twelve specimens. —
No. 487. Baldwin 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 488. Delicious 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
Xo. 489. Mcintosh 2. 50 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 . 50
Xo. 490. Cortland 2 .50 2.00 1 .50 1 .00 .50
Special Exhibition of Apples William Eames Fund
A. Northern Spy.—
Four premiums 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
B. Roxbury Russet. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
C. Rhode Island Greening. —
Four premiums 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
D. Golden Delicious. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
E. Any other Variety. —
Three premiums 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
* * *
Pears, twelve specimens. —
No. 491. New varieties. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. No. 492. Any other variety. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Native Nuts. —
No. 493. Display of native edible nuts. Ten dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 494. One pint of each of the following: Chestnuts, Butter- nuts, Black Walnuts, Hickory, Filbert and Heartnuts. Ten dollars may be used for prizes. Brussels Sprouts. —
No. 495. Two one-quart baskets 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Carrots, twelve specimens. —
No. 496. Any variety 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Cauliflower. —
No. 497. Three specimens 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
Celery, blanched, six specimens. —
No. 498. Pascal 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50
No. 499 . Any other variety 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50
54 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Onion, twelve specimens.
|
No. 500. White Globe |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 501. Red Globe |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 502. Ebenezer |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
No. 503. Yellow Danvers |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1.00 |
.50 |
|
|
No. 504. Any other variety. Eight dollars may be used for prizes. |
||||||
|
Cabbage, three specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 505. Any variety |
2.00 |
1 |
.50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Parsnio. twelve snecimens — |
||||||
|
No. 506. Any variety |
2.00 |
1 |
,50 |
1 |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Squash, three specimens. — |
||||||
|
XT r AT T»1 TT 11 1 No. 50/. Blue Hubbard |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
"XT r AO 1~» i i_ No. 508. Butternut |
2.50 2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1, |
00 |
.50 |
|
JNo. oUy. Buttercup |
o c\c\ 2. 00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
r\r\ 00 |
. 50 |
|
JNo. 510. labie i^ueen lype |
o c\c\ 2.00 |
1 . |
DO |
1 1 |
(\f\ .00 |
.50 |
|
No. 511. Any other variety |
O C\C\ |
i l . |
rn oU |
1 |
C\(\ uo |
PA . 5U |
|
Turnip, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 512. Purple Top Globe |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 , |
.00 |
.50 |
|
Turnip, six specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 513. Rutabaga or Swedish |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1 |
00 |
.50 |
|
Potato, twelve specimens. — |
||||||
|
No. 514. Green Mountain |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 515. Katahdin |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 516. Chippewa |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 517. Sebago |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
|
No. 518. Any other variety |
2.00 |
1. |
50 |
1. |
00 |
.50 |
Vegetables. —
No. 519. Market Basket of Vegetables. Baskets furnished by Society. Baskets to be so filled that it is possible to carry without contents falling off. Thirty dollars may be used for prizes. Ornamental Gourds (Unvarnished)
No. 520. Display. Twenty dollars may be used for prizes.
Annual Meeting, Thursday, December 7, 1950. Premiums will be paid on or after November 17, 1950.
1950] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 55
THE LIBRARY OF THE WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
The Library Committee wish to call your attention to the Library and Reading Room, where the librarian is always ready to extend every facility possible to those in search of horticultural information.
COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY AND PUBLICATIONS
Mrs. Amy W. Smith, Chairman S. Lothrop Davenport Mrs. Susie M. Bowker
Mrs. Florence E. Field, Librarian Dr. Burton N. Gates
The following is a list of books added to the Library during 1949:
Liberty Hyde Bailey, A Story of American Plant Sciences, Andrew
D. Rodgers III, 1949 The Home Book of Trees and Shrubs, J. J. Levison, 1949 Garden Facts and Fancies, Alfred C. Hottes, 1949 Memoirs of a Rose Man, J. Horace McFarland, 1949 Manual of Cultivated Plants, L. H. Bailey, 1949 Shrubs and Vines for American Gardens, Donald Wyman, 1949. Flowers, Painters and Subjects, First American Edition, 1949 The Country House-Wife's Garden, William Lawson, 1617,
Published by Private Press in 1948 How to Increase Plants, Alfred C. Hottes, 1949 Orchids Are Easy to Grow, Harvey B. Logan & Lloyd C. Cosper,
1949
Garden Soils, Arthur B. Beaumont, 1948 The Grafters Handbook, R. J. Garner, 1949 Climbers and Ground Covers, Hottes, 1947 Johnny Appleseed, Centennial Tribute, 1947 Flower Arrangement, Caroline E. Peterson, 1948 Tuberous Rooted Begonias, Worth Brown, 1948 The Plant Doctor, Cynthia Westcott, 1940
The Pruning Book, Fruit Trees and Ornamentals, Gustav L. Whittrock, 1949
56 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Favorite Flowers in Color, Seymour and Others, 1949 Bermuda's Oldest Inhabitants, Tales of Plant Life, Louisa Hutch- ins Smith, 1938 Stone Mulching in the Garden, J. I. Rodale, 1949 Carnation Growing, K. F. McCully, 1949
How to Beautify and Improve Your Home Grounds, Henry B. Aul, 1949
Winter Bouquets, Ruth Gannon, 1949
The Hand Book for Flower Shows, Staging, Exhibiting and Judging,
National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc. The First Twenty Years, History of National Council of State
Garden Clubs, Inc., 1949 The Lily Year Book, George L. Slate, 1948, First Book of North
American Lily Society American Rose Annual, 1949 Gladiolus Year Book, 1949 Delphinium Year Book, 1948 Quarterly Bulletins of the American Iris Society Bulletins from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.,
Cornell University Experiment Station and Arnold Arboretum Plant Buyers Guide of Seed and Plant Materials, Published by the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 1949
Worcester County Horticultural Society
SCHEDULE OF PRIZES Offered to Children of Worcester County
Exhibitions to be held on each Thursday beginning July 20 to August 24, 1950 inclusive Horticultural Building, 30 Elm Street
Worcester, Massachusetts
Thursday, July 20
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cut Flower Display. —
No. 1. Not to exceed 12 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 2. Basket 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 3. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Calendula. —
No. 4. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 5. Three vases, 5 stems 1.00 .75 .50
No. 6. Vase of mixed varieties 1 . 00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 7. Five vases, 3 stems, to be named 1 .00 .75 .50 .25 See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Carrots. —
No. 8. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 9. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 10. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Summer Squash. —
No. 11. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 12. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1950J
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
3
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 13. Display, 10 square feet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 14. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 15. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Marigolds. —
No. 16. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
No. 17. Basket of mixed varieties .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 18. Five vases, 3 stems, to be named .75 .50 .25 See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Carrots. —
No. 19. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Beets. —
No. 20. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 21. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 22. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 23. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, July 27
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Genturea. —
No. 24. Three vases, 5 stems 1 . 00
Calendula. —
No. 25. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00
Marigold. —
No. 26. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00
Cut Flowers. —
No. 27. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named 1 .00
No. 28. Vase of cut flowers, mixed 1 . 00
Vegetables. —
No. 29. Display, not over 12 varieties 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
String Beans. —
No. 30. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Beets. —
No. 31. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 32. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Centaurea. —
No. 33. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Calendula. —
No. 34. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
.75 .50
.75 .50
.75 .50
.75 .50
.75 .50
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
5
Marigold. —
No. 35. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 36. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75
No. 37. Vase of cut flowers . 75
Vegetables
No. 38. Display, not over 10 varieties 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .50 Beets. —
No. 39. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 40. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
No. 41. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
.50 .25 .50 .25
Thursday, August 3
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Marigold. —
No. 42. Three vases, 5 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 43. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 44. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 45. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 46. Five vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 47. Small container to be shown on mirror. Five dollars may be used for prizes. Cabbage. —
No. 48. Two heads 1 . 00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 49. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Potatoes. —
No. 50. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 51. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
No. 52. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 53. Market Basket 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 .75
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
7
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Marigold. —
No. 54. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Petunia. —
No. 55. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 56. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 57. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 58. Five vases, 3 stems. To be named .75 .50 .25 See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15.
Flowers on Mirror. —
No. 59. Small container to be shown on mirror. Four dollars may be used for prizes.
Cabbage. —
No. 60. Two heads .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 61. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Potato- No. 62. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 63. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 64. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
No. 65. Market Basket 2 .00 1.50 1.00 .75
Thursday, August 10
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 66. Display, 15 square feet 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00
No. 67. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 68. Three vases, 5 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 69. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
String Beans. —
No. 70. Two quarts 1 . 00 .75 .50
Shell Beans. —
No. 71. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 72. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Cucumbers. —
No. 73. Two specimens 1 . 00 . 75 • .50
No. 74. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 75. Display, 10 square feet 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
No. 76. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 .50 .25
1950] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 9
Marigold. —
No. 77. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 78. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 79. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans. —
No. 80. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 81. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Cucumbers. —
No. 82. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 83. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Thursday, August 17
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Cosmos. —
No. 84. Three vases, 3 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 85. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 86. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 87. Three vases, one spike in a vase.
To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 88 . Three vases, 5 stems 1 . 00 .75 .50
Cut Flowers. —
No. 89. Basket, mixed 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 90. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 91. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Market Basket. —
No. 92. Baskets furnished by the Society and
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years Cosmos. —
No. 93. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Zinnia. —
No. 94. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
1950] SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS 11
Asters. —
No. 95. Three vases, 3 stems 1.00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 96. Three vases, one spike in a vase.
To be named 1.00 .75 .50
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 97. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Cut Flowers. —
No. 98. Three vases, 5 stems, exhibitor's own selection. (Any flowers not called to- day.) To be named .75 ,50 .25
Basket. —
No. 99. Cut flowers, mixed .75 .50 .25
Sweet Corn. —
No. 100. Six ears .75 .50 .25
Tomato. —
No. 101. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Market Basket. —
No. 102. Baskets furnished by the Society
will hold about 8 quarts 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00
Thursday, August 24
All articles must be in the hall by 2 o'clock
The exhibits must be the results of individ- ual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
Open to Seniors, those between the ages of 15 and 21 years
Display of Flowers. —
No. 103. Not to exceed 15 square feet 2 . 50 2 . 00 1 . 50 1 . 00 No. 104. Vase, mixed cut flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
Asters. —
No. 105. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Petunia. —
No. 106. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Gladiolus. —
No. 107. Basket 2.00 1.50 1.00
Zinnia. —
No. 108. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Marigold. —
No. 109. Three vases, 3 stems 1 .00 .75 .50
Cosmos. —
No. 110. Vase 1.00 .75 .50
Wild Flowers. —
No. 111. Five vases, 3 stems. To be
named 1.50 1.00 .50 .25
No. 1 12. Vase of Wild Flowers 1 . 00 .75 .50
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. —
No. 113. Not over 15 varieties
2.50 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
Potato.—
No. 1 14. Twelve specimens 1 . 50 1 . 00 . 75 .50
Beets. —
No. 115. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50
1950]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
13
Carrots. —
No. 116. Six specimens 1.00 .75 .50 Shell Beans. —
No. 117. Two quarts in pods 1 . 00 .75 .50 String Beans. —
No. 118. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50 Sweet Corn. —
No. 119. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50 Tomato. —
No. 120. Six specimens 1.25 1.00 .75 .50
Cucumber. —
No. 121. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 Summer Squash. —
No. 122. Two specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 Winter Squash. —
No. 123. Two specimens 1.00 .75 .50 Celery. —
No. 124. Three specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50 Onion. —
No. 125. Six specimens 1 . 00 .75 .50
No. 126. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
Open to Juniors, those under 15 years
Cut Flowers. —
No. 127. Display, 10 square feet 2.00 1.50 1.00
Cosmos. —
No. 128. Vase .75 .50 .25
Zinnia. —
No. 129. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
Asters. —
No. 130. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
Petunia. —
No. 131. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
14 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [1950
Marigolds. —
No. 132. Three vases, 3 stems .75 .50 .25
Gladiolus. —
No. 133. Three vases, one spike in each.
To be named .75 .50 .25
Any Other Annuals. —
No. 134. Three vases, 5 stems .75 .50 .25
Wild Flowers. —
No. 135. Five vases, 3 stems. To be named .75 .50 .25 No. 136. Vase of Wild Flowers .75 .50 .25
See rule on Wild Flowers, page 15. Display of Vegetables. —
No. 137. Not to exceed 12 varieties
2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75
Beets. —
No. 138. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Summer Squash. —
No. 139. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
String Beans. —
No. 140. Two quarts .75 .50 .25
Shell Beans. —
No. 141. Two quarts 1.00 .75 .50
Potato.—
No. 142. Twelve specimens 1.00 .75 .50
Sweet Corn. —
No. 143. Six ears 1.00 .75 .50
Tomato. —
No. 144. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Carrots. —
No. 145. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
Cucumber. —
No. 146. Two specimens .75 .50 .25
Green Peppers. —
No. 147. Six specimens .75 .50 .25
No. 148. Any other vegetables. Five dollars may be used for prizes.
1949]
SCHEDULE OF PREMIUMS
15
Prizes will be given for other meritorious exhibits.
Competition is open to all children of Worcester County under two classes. Seniors, between 15 and 21 years and Juniors, those under 15 years.
The exhibits must be the results of individual effort of the child from the time of planting to the arranging of the exhibit.
All exhibits must be in the Hall ready for inspection by the Judges by two o'clock p.m.
All varieties of flowers and vegetables should be named.
Each vase shall have two or more flowers each, except when otherwise specified.
In all exhibits of Wild Flowers only those falling in groups II and III of the Hadwen Botanical Club leaflet may be shown. Wild flowers under cultivation may not be shown in this class.
At no time shall the exhibit contain more than one-third from group II.
Ask the secretary for leaflet of the Hadwen Botanical Club showing flowers not to be exhibited.
The judges may omit premiums for all inferior specimens.
Prizes will be paid at the close of the exhibition season.
Vases, plates and everything necessary for the exhibition of the flowers and vegetables will be furnished by the Horticultural Society.
CHILDREN'S EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
H. Ward Moore, Chairman Allen J. Jenkins Mrs. Bertha G. Denny William B. Midgley S. Lothrop Davenport
I