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LIBRARY

OF THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGE

SO u R c E _ E_ _ . _ A. G c.c.cl r_LC_la - _

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1^71-T^

TR^iNTSA^CTIOlSrS

OF THE

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WORCESTER NOR!

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AGRICCLTURAL SOCIETY,

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TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE

CSMMriTEES AN© PIEMiSMS F8S 1872.

FITCHBURG:

SENTINEL OFFICE POWER PEESSiPRlXT.

18 71.

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W R-^ m. I 871 -75-

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

The Nineteenth Annual Exhibition of the Soeiety was held on their
grounds in Fitehburg, on Tuesday and Wednesday, Sept. 'JOth and
27th. The list of attraetions offered by the Committee of Arran (de-
ments was more extensive and varied than usual, the >iew features
being' an exhibition of machinery in operation, a trial of Steam Fire
Engines, and a Balloon Ascension.

The number of entries of all kinds of Stock was lart^e, and the
classes of Thoroughbred Stock, Family Horses, and Swine, were espec-
ially full. There were 112 Thoroughbreds shown, all fine, and many
of them splendid animals.

The confident anticipations of good weather, felt by the friends of
the Society on Monday night, were rudely dispelled by fo" and. first,
drizzling, and then drenching, rain on Tuesday, but on Wednesday the
weather was beautiful, all that could be desired. The attendance was
what might naturally have been expected under such circumstances,
rather thin on Tuesday, but on Wednesday probably the lari^est the
♦Society's Exhibition has ever drawn together.

The programme for Tuesday was carried very nearly, in spite of the
ruin, but in consequence of an accident at the Gas Works, no ga.^
C'ouid be had, and Prof. King was obliged to postpone his balloon
tiscension till the next day.

It was, outside the Hall, especially for the exhibition of cattle, wit h
one "Trot" by men, and one by horses, added in tho afternoon.

The Plowing Match had been 'omitted, by vote of the Trustees at
their meeting in December last, to the very evident regret of man v,
tmd it .seems likely thctt the offer of premiums for this jjurposo will be
renewed for the coming exhibition.

Leomin.ster and Princeton furnished Town Teams of Oxen, which
were very creditable to them and to the Society.

Very general regret was expressed at the remov.il of nearly all the
neat stock on Tuesday afternoon, and it is earnestly hjped that some
arrangement may be made by which this can be avoided in future.
Our accommodations are convenient and suitable in every respect for
keeping the stock over night, and it woitld be greatly to the advantage
of the Society if this could be done. If the difficulty lies in the time
of holding other Shows, let us try, throuo;h the Board of Agriculture,
to have their or ou'- times changed.

The .show of Fiiiit, Flowers, and the finer 3Ianufac(ured Articles in
the Tapper Hall, was excellent, both in quantity and (|uality. In qual-
ity, at least, it was said by many persons to compare fav(jrably with
the same departments in the New England Fair at'Lowell.

The Mechanical Department in the Lower Hall was hardly in work-
ing order generally on Tuesday forenoon, but during the afternoon of
Tuesday and the whole of Wednesday the many interesting and beau-
tiful machines in operation and on exhibition, drew crowds of inter-
ested and delighted spectators. This Dopartmr'nt, from Its novelty and

4 SECRETARY S REPORT.

real value, was perhaps the most interesting and successful part of the
whole exhibition.

We confidently expect that with more time for preparation, and a
better knowledge on the part of all concerned, of the demands of such
an exhibition, and the capacity of Worcester North for supplying them,
our future success in this Department will be more complete and grati-
fying than the present. A full report of the various machines will be
found on succeeding pages.

Dinner was served at 12 1-2 o'clock, in the Fusiliers' Tent, by Mr.
G. G. Ruggles of the Fitchburg Hotel. The president, Hon. J. H.
Lockey, presided, and called upon Rev. 3Ir. Horton of Leominster, to
invoke the Divine blessing. After an apparently hearty enjoyment of
the good things provided by mine host Ruggles, the company listened
with great pleasure to the Annual Address given by Dr. James R.
Nichols of Boston. This we publish in full and it will most abun-
dantly repay a careful reading.

After the address there were brief remarks by Hon. Simon Brown
of Concord, and Geo. E. Towne, Esq., of Fitchburg.

On Wednesday forenoon came the exhibition of Horses in all the
various clas.ses, and the trial of Steam Fire Engines, all of which
proved very interesting to those'assembled. The Steamer prizes were
won, first, by the Metacomet, a Jucket engine, and second, by ihe
Rollstone, an Amoskeag machine.

At 1 o'clock, dinner was again very acceptably provided by Mr.
Ruggles, and there were more partakers than could be seated at the
first table. The President presided as on Tuesday. All enjoyed a
feast, but for various rea.sons the •' feast of reason" usually following
was mainly omitted.

Music was furnished on Tuesday by the Leominster Ban'], and on
Wednesday by the Fitchburg.

The events of the afternoon were horse and foot racing, and a bal-
loon ascension by Prof. King. The latter was made in splendid style,
as there was a perfectly cloudless sky and scarcely any wind, so that
the '• air-ship" moved slowly and almost perpendicularly upward, and
continued in full view for about an hour, till the time of its landing, in
the town of Groton.

Altogether, the Exhibition is very generally considered one of the
most successful ever held by the Worcester North Agricultural Society.

Great credit is due to Gen. J: W. Kimball, chief marshal,, and his
efficient Aids, to the Fitchburg Police, to Henry J. Colburn, Esq.,
Sup't Mechanical Department, Wm. W. Clark, Esq , Sup't of Upper
Hall, the Sup't of Hor.ses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Forage, and 77iany
others, for unceasing and earnest efforts to render the Fair pleasant
and profitable to all concerned.

The Secretary would again urge upon competitors the great necessity
of more care and promptness in making entries and statements, and
upon members of committees, of prompt attendance to their duties, or
if that is impossible, an early notice in u'riting that they cannot do so»

GEO. S. HOUGHTON, Secretayy.

DR. XIGPIOLS' ADDRESS.

I presume it is kiiov,'n to most of those whom I have the honor to
acldrGss, that, during the past eight years, the facts and principles of
scientific agriculture have received from me a considerable share of
attention, and that, with the view of giving to those studies practical
value, a farm in Essex County has been made the theatre of exjoeri-
mental in([uiry and observation. After a quarter of a century of
exacting labor within the walls of a chemical laboratory, it was with
inexpressible delight that I found raysclf transferred to the sweet mead-
ows and hills in the country, with opportunity of studying the nature
of soils and plants upon my own farm. Is it not true that as we grow
older we are drawn closer to mother earth, and that, as the time
approaches when we must be folded in her arms to be resolved back
again to the dust from which wo were taken, we have increased longings
for the intimate society of the plants and beautiful flowers which spring
from her bosom V It seems to me that this love of nature, in mature
life, is an instinct common to us all, and that it is a duty to heed the
yearnings of the soul so unmistakably manifested.

The most delightful and instructive of the studies connected with
the farm, have been upon plant life and the food of plants, and I design,
in what I have to say, to call your attention, specifically, to a consid-
eration of the Food of Plants. It may seem to many that a talk upon
the food of plants, implies the necessity of a belief in the possession,
by plants, of certain organs or powers of digestion and assimilation,
and this belief should be entertained, for it is founded upon fact.
Plants do indeed, in a most proper sense, eat and drink, and they are
as capricious in regard to the kind and (juality of the food which they
demand, as are animals or human beings. It is as interesting to study
the nature of the appetite and wants of a stalk of corn or wheat, or a
blade of timothy, as that of a child which the mother so carefully and
anxiously watches and tends during the weeks and months of early
infancy. I suppose, as farmers engaged in the toil and drudgery of
every day life upon the farm, you do not stop to speculate upon, or
consider much, the philosophy of plant growth, or to admire the delicate
springing blade or opening leaf, which are everywhere around you in
early summer, but perhaps we should all be better men, and better able
to rear the plant children of our fields, if we devoted more time to a
study of their structure and wants. What a mystery there is in the
life of a plant ! How does a tree or a shrub or a blade of grass grow 'i
This interrogatory has often been put to men of science, and the patient
researches which have been made by the aid of that beautiful and

b DR. NICHOLS ADDRESS.

wonderful instrument, the uiodein microscope, enable them to give a
tolerably satisfactory answer. The nature of the substances employed
in building up the plant structure, is well understood, and also the
form of mechanism wliich is adopted in the first beginnings of growth,
and the chemical changes and transfornjations which occur, but the
nature of the cited force which guides, and upon which all activity
depends, we do not understand, and it is pi obable human research will
nevei" shed much light upon this mysterious, but most interesting
problem. The little microscopic cell is tlve workshop in which great
chanojes are elaborated, and durino; the season of veoetable o;rowth'
this is the seat of the most intense activity. Every plant that grows
upon our earth, however great or small, must be considered as having
originated from a single cell, so infinitesinially sniall that the highest pow-
ers of the microscope are required to observe it. If we turn over one of
the pebbles common in our brooks, we shall find a slimy material of a
«:reenish hue, adherino; 'to its under side. This coverino;-is a true
plant, but it is one of the lowest of known forms. If we examine it
with the microscope, it will be found to be perfect in structure, having
an organism so wonderful as to command our admiration. Feeble and
insignificant as it is, it corresponds in structure with the huge oak
which grows by the stream and overshadows it with its branches. The
plant that adheres to the rock consists of a single cell, but that cell is
as perfect and beautiful as any of those which make up the structure
of the oak. The tree is but an aggregation of cells — cells piled upon
cells — and the work that is carried on within them is no more complex
than that which goes on in the workshop of the humble unicellular
plant.

It is with a choice of terms that we designate the cell as the work-
shop of the plant, in which the materials that enter into its organiza-
tion are elaborated and fitted to aid in the increase of its substance.
The nature of the food which is manipulated within the cell is indeed
peculiar, inasmuch as plants gather together the waste products of men
and animals, and again fit them for the use of higher organisms.
Plant food is oxidized food — food which it is impossible for animals to
assimilate — and the plant, in all its functions and in the objects of its
growth, manifestly occupies an intermediate position between ourselves
and the insensible rocks. This is absolutely essential to the existence
of man upon the earth. Of all the functions of plants, the mo.st
remarkable are connected with or related to, the solar rays, for they
pos.se.ss the power of utilizing the sun's heat ic a way which enables
them to pull apart, as it were,' some of the most complex and refractory
compounds known to modern chemistry. The most tiny, feeble leaf
or blade of gra.ss, has a power in chemical decomposition greater by
far than is possessed by Liebig, Bousingault, or any of the great exper-
imenters of the age. The separating, in silence, in the quiet of the
meadows, by organisms .so frail that we can cru.sh them between the
thumb and finger, of a compound so fixed as carl'onic acid, is one of
the marvels in nature which puzzles and confounds the ])hilosopher,
and leads him to bow in luimilitv before the God of nature, whose

I>K. NICHOLS' ADDUluSS. 7

p(»\V(.T >o inhnitL'Iy .^urpasbt's that of man. But after all, this analyti-
cal power of the plant is no less amazing than its syntlietical capabili-
ties. The v,'ork of tearing apart oxidized bodies Is inmiediately fol-
lowed by that of rearranging the elements and forming new com[»ounds
still more complex, and into these, as a fixed principle, less oxygen is
allowed to enter. The great work of the plant is to disassociate oxy-
gen from eomi)ounds, and thus store up energies which are made
apparent wdien we burn vegetable substances as fuel upon our hearth-
stones, or as food in our bodies. All the forces resulting ffom heat
and muscular exertion, have their origin in plants, and however great
may be the exhibition of power, the leaves of the trees and the grasses
of the fields have utilized or elaborated it all from the solar rays.

Although the food of plants and the method of appropriating it,
differs from that of animals, there are analogies, not only ai)parent,
but real, between them. In animals we ^lave the respiratory functions,
and so we have in plants, for plants breathe as truly as we do our-
selves ; we rei^uire our food to be composed of certain elements
arranged in certain combinations, so do plants ; we find it essential
that our food should ])e in particular forms or mechanical conditions,
so do plants; we must l)e regularly supplied with food, and this is the
case with plants. These are some of the similarities existing between
plants and animals, and they serve to show how intimate is the relation
which subsists between plants and the higher forms of organized
structures.

Although vre have learned with certainty regarding the elements
essential to plants, and also the forms of comlnnation rcijuired, we
have yet to learn the exact mode in which they acijuire their food, and
bow they are able to buildup such l)odies as cellulose starch, albumen,
oil, ka., from these elements. No processes which chemists venture
upon in the laboratory, are found so difficult as the synthetical produc-
tion of organic compounds. Indeed, organic chemistry has thus far
proved totally incompetent to instruct how to form any one of these
bodies from the elements, and for their elaboration we must look to
the vital chemistry of animals and plants solely.

It is a well understood fact that without plants, animals could not
exist upon our planet. In the wonderful economy of things, it is
absolutely essential that there should be some intermediate or connect-
ing link between ourselves and the mineral kingdom, and plants con-
stitute this important link in the chain in life. The three kingdoms,
animal, vegetable and mineral, are correlative and involved in a cycle
of changes which are unintermitting and wonderful in their nature.
We are incapal)le of being nourished by any form of mineral substan-
ces, but such nourish plants and are transformed by them into vegeta-
ble tissues and products, and, subsisting as we do upon plants, we
draw support indirectly from the insensible rocks. The plant consumes
the rock dust and attracts to itself the car])on of dead air and earth ;
we transform these into flesh and bones, and, as a last stej) in this per-
petual circulation of matter, after death, they relapse again into their
dead inorsanic condition.

8 Dll. NICHOLS ADDRESS.

It was formerly tho't bj chemists that plants lived upon humus, a com-
pound entirely organic in its nature, and when some metals were found
in the ash of plants, they were regarded as accidental ingredients, or
extraneous bodies which somehow intruded themselves into the inciner-
ated mass. In our time we know that these mineral bodies enter the
vegetable structures as food, and that they cannot exist without them.
The mineral portion of plants is small indeed,, compared with the nitro-
genized and carbonaceous parts, and this paucity of the mineral sub-
stances was, undoubtedly, the reason why the early experimenters were
led into error. At present, we are aecjuainted with sixty -five elements
or primary bodies, of wdiich all things, animate and inanimate, are
made. Twenty-two of these have been found in plants, and therefore
are to be regarded as food material. Let us for a moment consider
the strange metals and other substances which plants absorb into their
structures. Among the metals, we find iron, potassium, calcium, so-
dium, magnesium, manganese, copper, C333ium, rubidium, and zinc.
It has been stated that arsenicum has been found in plants, but this is
doubtful. The non-metals are iodine, bromine, fluorine, chlorine, phos-
phorus, silicon, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
Nothing can appear more singular than the fact that the refractory
metal, iron, can find its way into the stalk and leaves of plants, or that
the rarer metals should be hunted out of the soil by them, and apjDro-
priated as food. Some varieties of plants have peculiar appetites, and
require most extraordinary elements, in order to thrive. Tobacco is
one of them, and the ash which clings to the end of the smoker's cigar
contains substances found in but one or two other plants known to
man. Among the rarer bodies are the newly discovered metals caesi-
um and rubidium, and how, or where the plant obtains them, isin-»
deed a mystery, as the most delicate chemical tests have failed to de-
tect these elements in soils. In common garden beets, also, the same
substances have been found. Copper has frerjuently been observed in
vegetable products used for food, and what is very singular, the metal
has recently been discovered in the feathers of birds, and some of the
tints in the plumage are due to its presence. The fiuorine which is
found in the enamel of teeth in men and animals, comes from plants,
as does also the manganese which accompanies iron in the blood.
Aluminium, the metal which v/ithin a few years has been regarded
with special interest as of great service in the arts, has been found in
certain species of lycopodium, and zinc in the viola coliminaria, a plant
common to some sections of France. Bromine and iodine are found
in the marine al^j\}, or seaweeds, and for a long time all of these impor-
tant substances employed in medicine and the arts, were derived from
sea plants cast upon shore by the v/aves.

^ The organic; constituents of plants, elaborated or formed from com-
binations of the elements, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen,
make up the largest portion of their bulk, and therefore must be
regarded as of essential importance as food. Before considering the
sources and value of these agents, to vegetable structures, it will be
interesting to examine briefly the conditions under which plants start

DR. NICHOLS ADDRESS. \)

into existence, and ibree.s or agents which are involved in developing
and sustaining the embryo before the phmt has th.e power of seeking
its own food.

In all the changes and evolutions constantly going forward in the
vegetable world, the sunbeam plays a mcst important part. Analysis
of a sunbeam shows that it possesses three distinct functions or powers.
It is capable of supplying light and heat, and also it has actinic force,
or the capability of proclucing chemical decomposition and recomposi-
tion. Upon the chemical influence of the sun's rays depends the ger-
mination of seeds as well as the growth of the plant. We bury the
seed in the ground and shut it out from the influence of light, but we
do not placelt beyond the reach of the sun's actinic influence, for that
penetrates like heat to the little earthy couch where the embryo plant
lies hid, and arouses it into life. Light, or the luminiferous rays of
the sun, so important to the well being of the plant, is actually inimical
to the excitation of vitality in the seed. How singular is this fact ! A
scries of carefully conducted experiments have proved that seeds will
not germinate in light, although supplied with heat and moisture, when
the actinic rays are cut off. Deprived of the luminous rays, with the
actinic in full force, they spring into life vnth great rapidity. Seeds
sown upon the surface of the earth will scarcely germinate, as soil cul-
tivators very well know, and on the other hand., seeds buried so deep
that the actinic rays cannot reach them, will certainly perish. The
planting of seeds so as to secure the proper distance below the surface,
is a most important point in husbandry, as it has much to do with the
early starting of the plant and the success of the crops.

How beautiful and wonderful is the process of germination when the
chemical and vital phenomena are set in motion by the actinic rays.
The starchy particles of the seed become converted into gum and
sugar, upon which the young plant feeds. The tiny root peeps out
from the husk and with mysteriously directed powers plunges down-
ward into the fertile soil. The slender plumule pushes upward tow-
ards the light. The soil cracks and heaves, and the infant vegetable
emerges, fresh and moist, into the world of air and sunshine. With
the unfolding of the first pair of leaves, and with the first lighting of
the sunbeam upon their tender tissues, commences a series of chemico-
vital phenomena wholly different from that of the preceding: stage of
existence. The plant is now fairly dependent for food upon its own
energies, and root and leaf are the theatres of great activities. None
of the elements named as constituting the food of plants, exist as such
in them, save oxygen and nitrogen.

Half the weight of a dried plant is carbon, and yet it does not exist in
it as free carbon, it is all locked up in combinations of greater or less
complexity. There is not one of these elements of food that can be sup-
plied to the plant in its naked condition, as they not only have no
power to nourish, but they are positively poisonous. There is much
misapprehension regarding these points, among farmers, which arises
from not clearly understanding the statements of writers upon the
chemistry of agriculture. It' is not infrequent that inquiries are

10 DR. NICHOLS' ADDRESS.

received conueniing the cost of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, &c., and
sometimes orders are sent for these agents which are designed to bo
used for fertilizing ])urposes. While it is true that nitrogen is an ele-
ment needful to the nutrition of plants, it must be presented not. alone,
but in one of two forms of combination, either as ammonia or nitric acid,
and further, the acid must be in association with an alkali, as soda or
potash, in order to be safely employed by the farmer. In either one of
these forms it is of immense value as plant food. Nitrogen is a gase-
ous body and has neither taste, color or smell. It cannot be burned,
it will not support combustion, and it cannot be breathed into the
lungs. It is a strange negative element, and yet without its influence
not a stalk of corn or a blade of wheat can grow. It is the most
costly of all our fertilizing agents, and yet millions and billions of tons
are present in the air constantly, and every plant is surrounded by and
immersed in it. Is not this statement perplexing or paradoxical ?
Nitrogen, as it exists in nitrogenous bodies, as has been stated, is alone
available for plants, and the cheapest source outside of refuse animal
compound, is in the form of nitrate of .soda. This salt, known as
Chilian saltpetre, is sold at the present time at about four cents per
pound, which makes the nitrogen it contains cost about twenty eight
cents per pound. The nitrogen sulphate of ammonia, at present mar-
ket rates, costs thirty-five cents, and I have not found it so readily
available or prompt in its action upon my fields. For grass lands, as
a top dressing, the nitrate of soda has proved with me a profitable
agent. It brings in the better quality of grasses and largely increases
the crops. It should be pulverized fine, mixed with an equal quantity
of fine, seasoned peat, and sown evenly over the field, giving to each
acre two or three hundred pounds of the salt. Without a supply of
nitrogenous food, plants become feeble and, ultimately, die, hence, we
must supply it in some form, either as it exists in manure or in com-
mercial substances. The soil does not furnish it in sufficient abun-
dance, neither does the atmosphere, in any available form. There is
always a little ammonia in moist air, which comes from decaying ani-
mal or vegetahle matter, and there are also traces of nitric and nitrous
acids in rain water, but these sources of supply are wholly inadequate
to the wants of plants upon most fields. An acre of wheat yielding
twenty-five bushels, requires, in straw and grain, forty-five pounds of
ammonia. The results of careful experiments show that under the
most favorable circumstances no more than ten pounds of ammonia
is ever supplied to an acre of soil by rain water, so if all the ammonia
of the rain fall is assimilated, thirty-five pounds in addition would have
to be supplied to meet the wants of the wheat field. Carbon, the
agent so largely consumed by plants, fortunately costs us nothing.
The farmer need not trouble himself concerning thi.s important element
in plant food, for the atmosphere furnishes an abundant supply for all
our wants. It is supplied in the form of carbonic acid, and we do not
know that it can be assimilated through any other carbon compound.
A carbonate, unless it be'of potash or soda, is practically valueless to
the farmer. Carbonate of lime in any form cannot be regarded as a

DR. Xiril'»Ls' AlM>itKS<. 11

fc'rtiliziu!>; substance having a eoainici-eial value. Very strenuous
attempts have been made to intlueo farmers !u purehaj^e grounil clam
anil oy.'iter shells, the venders alleging that they were C([ual to ground
bones in fertilizing nature. Clam shells are composed of carbonate of
lime, while bones are made up of the phosphate of lime, (^uite a differ-
ent sub.stanee chemically and agriculturally con.sidered. The shells are
(-•omposcd of carbonic acid and lime, the bones, of phosphoric acid and
lime, the former acid having no money value. Recently, the rock
substance known as dolomite, a double carbonate of lime and magnesia,
has been placed on the market and highly recommended as a fertilizer.
This powder is of but little service to plants, as it holds no elements
of food which are not supplied gratuitously by air and earth, in moai
localities, and it has the disadvantage of being quite insoluble. This
rock [towder, and other calcic carbonates, should not be confounded
with sulphate of lime which is plaster or gypsum. In this substance,
sulphuric acid or oil of vitriol is in combination witli the lime, in place
of carbonic acid, and a very different chemical and fertilizing agent is
supplied It has high value as an application to some fields, although
we cannot define positively its method of action. The experiments
which I have made with plaster go to prove its good effects are due
rather to the acid than the lime It has the power of fixing the ammo-
nia of the atmosphere and forming sulphate of ammonia which is a
salt of much value. In applying gypsum to our soil, we must remem-
ber that but a small quantity can be made available in a season, as it
requires nearly five hundred pounds of water to bring one pound of it
into .solution. Half a ton is sufficient dressing for an acre of ground.
The element hydrogen is freely supplied to plants by dew, mist and
rain, and therefore is costless to the husbandman. It is only through
water that hydrogen can bo presented to the plants, but this is by no
means its only inqjortant office. It enters the plant as water and it is
through its agency that all the various forms of food are rendered
assimilable. It is the liquid medium which holds all the inorganic
substances and forms the aqueous current which unceasingly flows
through the little cells of plants. They are ab.sorbed and appropria-
ted as food.

Enormous (|uantities of water annually descend upon the land,
although we think we have good reason to conqViain of the supply fur-
nished during the past two years. If the rain fall be but^ twenty
inches per annum, it corresponds to something like two thousand and
twenty tons of water falling upon each acre every year. Much of this
is carried off by evaporation or through, drainage, still a large propor-
tion is retained by growing plants, or pa.sses through them, aiding their
mo.st iuqjortant functions. It can be shown that a gallon of water
passes through a single plant of wheat in a season, and the a{|ueous
exhalations from tlio ];roaddisk of a common sunflower each day amounts
to six 01 eight c»unces.

The wonderful substance (formerly so rare and co.stly), phosphorus,
is .so e.s.sential an ingredient in the; food of plants, that not one of any
kind can flourish wiriiout it. This hiirhlv combustible body, so oflfon-

12 DR. NICHOLS' ADDRESS.

sive to taste and smell, and withal so poisonous, enters the plant in
'combination with oxygen, which combination forms phosphoric acid,
^he entire supply of phosphorus employed in the arts, comes from
.'plants, and they hunt it from the soil, atom by atom, and incorporate
'it into their structures. Animals feeding upon plants abstract the ele-
ment and it takes its place in the bones, in combination with lime,
forming basic phosphate of lime. We gather the bones of the dead
animals and, after calcination, subject them to chemical treatment, and
thus isolate the phosphorus in a pure state, in large quantities. How
curious is the cycle of changes and transformations, and we can in no
way obtain i\ clearer conception of them than by reflection upon the
fact that the phosphorus found upon the end of every friction match
we use in our dwellings, has been gathered from the soil by vegeta-
'bles, and passing through their organization, it has taken its place in
the bones of oxen, cows or horses, and from thence passed into the
laboratory of the chemisfc, where it is fitted to subserve the most useful
purposes. If this substance had a tongue v>'hat an interesting history
of its adventures it could unfold.

The amount of phosphorus, or phosphoric acid, in the soil, is usually
insufficient to meet the wants of the plant, and hence, the farmer must
furnish supplies if he wishes to increase his crops. Formerly there
were but two sources of supply, that from manure, or animal excre-
ment, and that from the bones of animals, but now we have a third
source in the mineral coprolites or phosphoric deposits found upon the
coast of South Carolina. From these substances what are popularly
■KRown as superphosphates are made and sold largely in the market.
The siiperphosphate of lime, true and simple, as known to science, is a
rather whitish gray powder without odor, having an acid taste. It is
"mado from bones by first calcining them and then dissolving the pow-
der in oil of vitriol. In this method of manipulation we remove from
hone phosphate cf lime two equivalents of lime and replace them with
water, and thus we have a superphosphate of lime. By a similar
manipulation we can prepare superphosphate from the mineral rock
iliasses before spoken of. The* phosphatic deposits from Charleston
^3ontc\iii from 30 to GO per cent, of phosphate of lime, and when pow-
'^krod and properly treated with acid, they serve nearly as good pur-
pose as bones, as a source of phosphoric acid. But if the powder is
unacted upon by acid it is almost wholly inert as a fertilizing agent.
In this we see the importance of the faithful and skillful treatment of
the substances by phosphate makers. Finely powdered bones serve a
good purpose in the soil when used in the raw condition, as their struc-
ture is different from the coprolites. The gelatine they contain pro-
motes decomposition and aids in rendering the bony structure
assimilable.

I have said so much in public addresses and through the press, upon
superphosphates, that I ought not to dwell upon the subject here, but
I must be permitted to say that the persistent exposure of frauds, and
the explanation of the true nature of the article, has had the effect to
improve the character of the couimcrcial phosphates very decidedly,

DR. NICHOLS' ADDRESS. 145>

but Still it is far trom what it sliould be. After much observation aiid^
thought upon the subject, I have reached the conclusion that it is diffi-
cult, if not impossible, for manufacturers to supply, in a large way,
through the ordinary channels of trade, superphosphates, or any com-
pounded fertilizer, so as to give the farmer a just return for his money.
The reasons for this conclusion are that the elements of plant nutrition,
or the three most important agents which should enter into fertilizing
compounds — phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogenous bodies — liavc a
fixed market value, and the difference in price between their purchase, .
in moderate or large quantities,- is not great enough to give to large
manufacturers an advantage worthy the attention of honest men. A
bag of nitrate of soda (300 lbs.) holding nitrogen, or of kaivrite
(chloride of potassium) holding potash, or a ton of bones or coprolites,
holding phosphoric acid, can be pmrchased at original sources of supply
at a cost but a trifle higher than is placed upon them when large
amounts are taken. The margin of cost between large and small
(pantities of raw material is not great enough, under usual conditions,
to compensate honest men for preparing honest compounds, as the cost
of manipulating and handling such heavy and bulky bodies is* very
great. This cost added to freight and the commissions to middle men,
wholesale and retail dealers, will consume a much larger sum than can
be secured by advantages of purchase of raw materials. It is true,
the owners of sulphuric acid works and of coprolite deposits, must
have considerable advantage, on the score of cost, over those who
undertake to manufacture fertilizers in a small way, but this advantage,
I contend, is insufficient to afford .satisfactory profits when good articles
are produced. They do not secure the advantage of half a cent a
pound on the acid, as that is a large manufacturer's profit, and a monop-
oly of any source of phosphoric acid, potash or nitrogenized products,
is now almost impossible. A farmer preparing liis own fertilizers has
an inunense pecuniary advantage over a large manufacturer. He can
prepare them in sea.sons of leisure when the time consumed in manipu-
lation does not enter in as an element of cost. He saves the commis-
sions paid to large and small dealers, he saves in cost of transporta-
tion, and he can purchase pure raw materials at nearly as good advan-
tage as the manufacturer. Why should not the farmer prepare his own
fertilizers V It requires but a small amount of skill, but if the farmer
• feels that he is not sufficiently well educated or experienced, he must
remove these disabilities at once by reading, study and experiment.
The farmer of the period, to succeed, must be competent to prepare
the food necessary for the plant children of his fields, or else he must
expect to be left behind in the work of profitable husbandry.

In order to show how farmers are subjected to loss in the purcha.se
of manufactured fertilizers, I will present the average cost of seventeen
of the most popular superphosphates, the cost having been ascertained
from accurate anal3^sis of samples found in the hands of dealers. The
money value of the seventeen superphosphates averages $10.3.^ per
ton, and the average price at which they are f^old by dealers is Sol.2r>
per ton. These results give an average loss to ftirraers, upon every ton

1^ DK. XrCHOLS' ADDRESS.

purcha^jcd. of 'So4.1>0. Some of the t;uperpho.^]jbates. so called, cost
the manufacturer less than §10.00 per ton, but they had a selling price
of $50.00 per ton. The highest cost of any one specimen was $82.00,
which is sold at SGO.OO. The loss to the farmer on a ton of the for-
mer would be §40. 00, on the latter, $28.00. Now it is evident that
none but the most wealthy farmers can afford to buy these products,
and it is equally evident, if they purchase many of them iheir more
sensible neighbors will soon find them objects of support in the
poor-house.

Potash holds a most important place in the list of substances con-
sumed^ by plants, and, hitherto, much anxiety has been manifested
regarding a supply equal to our wants A few years ago we were
acquainted with no sources of the agent save that of the ash of plants,
and as mineral coal came into use for furnishing household warmth,
wood ashes and the potash salts obtained from them, became very
scarce and costly. Every year the farmer removed from the soil large
quantities of potash in his crops which he could not return again
through the excrement of his animals, and therefore it was evident his
lands were becoming impoverished to an alarming extent. High culti-
vation, as respects potash, increases this impoverishment, as all cultivated
plants are richer in this su])stance than thosa growing spontaneously.
To obtain a clear understanding of the needs of the soil, it may be
stated that an acre of wheat producing 25 bushels of grain and oOU(>
pounds of straw, removes about 40 pounds of potash in the crop. Can
any farmer before me conceive of that number of pounds of potash
existmg in tlie soil of any one acre of land upon his farm ? W'c know
It must be present and within easy re<ich of the plants, else not a blade
of wheat can grow and mature the seed. Nearly ail soils, of cour.se,
contain potash, but the (juantity is often insufficient for crops of any of
the cereal grains. " ' ' .

A crop of corn raised u{ion my farm in 18G0, of 100 bushels to the
acre, removed, in kernol and stalk, 15(> pounds of potasli and 8i>
pounds of phosphoric acid. Now I did not supply to the crop all this
potash and phosphoric acid, but I gave an important lift in feeding to
the plants bone dust and wood aslies. which supply these agents. We
cannot, gentlemen, rai.se large crops of corn without furnishing potash
m some assimilable form, for a small crop of 50 bushels to the acre,
requires about 75 pounds of the agent. A fair v-rop of oats, say 50
bushels to the acre, removes only about 13 pounds of potash ; .barley
and^rye remove not far from 3J pounds each.

iSov» we all have observed the great deterioration in our potato crops
durmg the past tQu or twenty years, and what is the cause of this
alarming decrease of tubers V Can science, can clu!:rdstry point out the
reason, or aid in remedying the difficulty V I think it can, and in order
to place the matter l)efore you in a clear light, let ir.e ])oint out the
kind and amount of food which the pot:ito demands. I have a field of
potatoes on my farm which I expect will yield 300 bushels to the acre
which may be regarded as an old fashioned crop. I know that thi.s
crop will remove from the soil, in tubers and tops, at least 400 pound.-s

DR. MCliOL.^" AJ)l)RE.-.<, 15

of potash ; -dho, I am certain it will remuVL' 15<> pouiuls; uf phuspliurii;
acid. Now these amounts are very hirge and serve to sliow that the
potato plant is a great consumer of the two substances, and also it
shows that in order to restore our potato fields to their former prod uc-
tive condition we must supply phosphatic compounds and substances
holding potash in large ([uantities. For six or eight generations, in
Kew England, our fathers have been exhausting the soil by removing
these agents, in their potato and other crops, and we have nniched a
time when the vegetable is starving in our tields for want <»f its proper
food. Our farmers have found that new land gives the best crop.s, and
this is due to the fact that such fields afford the most potash. But so
long as we crop our pastures so unreasonal)ly we cannot resort to new
land, as land is not new that has had its potash and phosphatic ele-
ments removed by grazing animals. Remember that a potato field
which gives but 10(1 bushels to the acre, re((uires at least i()0 pounds
of potash, but by allowing the tops to decay upon the field, GO pounds of
this is restored to the soil again, as that amount is contained in them.
A medium crop of potatoes re(|uires twice as much phosphoric acid
as a incdium crop of wheat, so that in two years with wheat, the land
is deprived of no more of the agent than it loses in one year with
potatoes.

The subject of the food of plants is so vast and important in it.--
bearings upon agriculture that it cannot l)e properly con.sidered in a
single address, and I fear to weary you ])y dwelling upon it longer.

My aim has been to point out the nature of the materials which
plants require, and to impress upon the minds of those who hear me,
the great truth that when the farmer has gaineU this knowledge, and
also learned the quantity necessary for a given crop, the accumulation
and u.se of these materials is as simple as that of supplying raw mate-
rials for the manufacture of cloth, boots and shoes, or any other manu-
factures. A field in proper condition for culture should contain in
ample abundance all the inorganic materials which the intended crop
requires, and these materials should be in an a.ssimilable condition, or
in other words, they should be in a soluble condition, so that by the
aid of water they can be taken up and carried through the plant
organism. The proper manures for wheat and corn are the nitrogenized
varieties, or tho.se which hold nitrogen, either in the form of ammoni;'.
or us nitric acid. These should be conjoined with phosphates and pot-
ash in considerable amounts. For potash, phosphates and linie are
required ; the latter element, lime, enters largely into the leaves and
is an important article of food for the vegetable. Gypsum, or plaster,
which holds lime and sulphuric acid, is a valuable manurial agent for
potatoes, especially on moist land. T have u.sed it with satisfactory
results. Fioots, and also wheat, should be supplied with magnesia, a.s
it is found largely, in the form of phosphate, in the ash of these jtlants.
But enough has been said to show that each variety of plants demand.^
peculiar kinds of food, and without it is supplied by the ^oil, or through
our agency, it is impossible for it to flouri.sh.

During the past eight years T have been endeavoring to guide the

16 DR. NICHOLS' ADDRESS.

operation.s of a farm in accordance with the teachings of science, and I
am happy to say that I have not been led astray. It has been a
delight to observe how exact and beautiful are tho laws of nature, as
displayed in the productions of the fields. There has never been a
time when soil cultivation, as a pursuit, was more hopeful and promis-
ing than the present. We have just learned the important fact that an
abundance of plant food has been stored up for our use in mines and
rocks, and that we have only to reach out our hands and take all that
we require. Ten years ago who could have dreamed, even, of such
vast deposits of potash as have been opened up to us at the Strassfurth
salt works in Germany. Some idea of the supply may be formed from
the fact that at the present time more potash is furnished from these
mines than from the wood ash sources of the whole world. About 13,-
000 tons of potash were sent to market from the United States, in
1870, and yet Strassfurth, where a dozen years ago it was not sup-
posed that a single ton could be procured, 3(3.000 tons of the muriate
of potash were manufactured and supplied to consumers upon both con-
tinents, during the past year. The surface salts at these mines, which
hold the potash, are practically inexhaustible, and millions of tons will
be supplied in succeeding years. No doubt our own salt mines will be
found, upon careful examination, to afford potash, and hence we may
look with confidence to the rapid cheapening of this most useful pro-
duct.

Ten years ago, who could have supposed that along the river beds
upon the coast of South Carolina there were millions of tons of rocks
holding that important element of plant food, phosphoric acid? These
rocks were indeed known, but their important character was not un-
derstood. The pho.sphoric rock beds of that region extend over an
area of several hundred square miles, and the beds are, in places, 12
feet thick. It is estimated that from five hundred to a thousand tons
underlie each acre. How vast is this supply of an agent of the highest
importance to agriculture, and what a source of national wealth is open
to us. At the present time, there is great activity in the work of
grinding these phosphoric rocks, and with the aid of acid, preparing the
superpiio.-phate of lime, for agricultural uses.

Let mc press upon your attention, in closing, two important and in-
teresting considerations. One is, that nature has provided ample ma-
terials to supply all our wants. In mountains and caverns and streams
she has deposited all elements and combinations which are essential for
our well being and progress, and it is unreasonable and wicked to
doubt regarding the future ; and second, do not disparage science, but
su,stain and foster it, for it holds the key which is alone capable of
unlocking nature's storehouse and bringing forth from the dark recesses
of earth those rich materials which have been provided for our susten-
tation and happiness.

REPORTS OF committees;

TllOllOUail-BllKD STOCK

The great iiiiportuuee which the rearing of Stock, both for tiie Uiar-
ket and dairy, has assumed in our country, makes a knowledge of the
principles of breeding almost indispensable to the farmer of to-day.
In no branch of agriculture has there been more remarkable progress,
during the last fifty years, than in that of Cattle Husbandry ; and we
may say that the success and prosperity of agriculture is more inti-
mately connected with this than with any other department of the farm.
There is, indeed, much truth in the old Frencli proverb, "No cattle,
no farming; few cattle, poor farming ; many cattle, good farming."

The large capital of nearly one thousand millions i)i dollars is already
invested in Neat Stock in our country, while the annual products of
the dairy are valued at many millions ; that of butter alone, for the
year 1870, being estimated at $228,578,224. Add to this the value
of the immense streams of milk daily flowing into our large cities, also,
the vast quantities of cheese which the cheese factories are yearly produc-
ing, and we may form some idea of the important position which this
department of the fttrm occupies in the agriculture of the country.

The importation of the Shorthorn. Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon; and
other improved breeds, into this country, mark a new era in the Stock
husbandry of America. Our Native cattle had become deteriorated by
careless breeding and bad management, and this introduction of breeds?,
the gooil qualities of which bad been tested for several generations,
could not fail of producing a favorable impression. This effort to
improve our stock was opposed by many farmers who seemed to have
an inveteiate prejudice against imported, or blood stock, and chose
)-ather to raise their calves from bulls that had been raised haphazard,
without reference to any particular qualities. Although there still
exists in many localities this unfounded opposition, yet it is gratifying
to observe that this barrier of prejudice is being broken down, and that
the number of Thoroughbreds and* High Grades is continually increasing.
The fact that " hlood will tell,'' is evident, for wherever a small herd,
or even a single animal, of any of these improved breeds, has been
introduced into a community, a marked effect has been produced upon
the stock of that locality which even the most carelcs.s farmer oau not
fail to perceive.

Ifj THOROUan-BRED STOCK.

If we would improve the cattle of America, the grade bull must bo
■abolished from our herds ; he cannot be relied upon for transmitting
his good qualities, if he have any, while the undesirable traits of his
ancestors are liable to be reproduced in any of his offspring ; ou the
other hand, the good qualities of the thoroughbred have been made
hereditary through a long and close system of breeding. How is it
that all our valuable herds of cattle have been raised, not by the indis-
criminate use of inferior bulls, but by the use of those of unquestioned
pedigree? It is this close system of breeding, the use of none but
superior males, that has given the eminent breeders the success which
they have attained. We are glad to observe that this Society has fol-
lowed the example of other Agricultural Societies in the State, and
abolished from its list of premiums all those heretofore offered for
Grade Bulls.

HIach of the various breeds has its good qualities, and should be
Hciected according to the object for which the farmer wishes to breed.
If he wishes to raise cattle for the market, the Shorthorn is undoubt-
edly the best ; if he desires a large quantity of rich milk, the Ayrshire,
which has been bred with reference to its milking qualities, through a
long course of years, will bo his favorite ; or, if the best of butter be
his object, none will excel the Jersey which has long been celebrated for
its very rich milk and cream. All of these breeds were represented at
the Annual Fair of the Society — the Shorthorns of Augustus Whitman,
tho Ayrshires of E. T. Miles, and the Jerseys of John Brooks and
J, F. Brown — each having their admirers, and making a show of Blood
Stock of which any Society might well be proud. That good Stock
can be raised among the hills of Worcester North, we think is fully
demonstrated. Owing to the great diversity of our soils and climate,
we can fix upon no one breed of cattle which is adapted to all sections
of the country. In order to grow any kind to perfection, we must
select those that are adapted to the soil. The Shorthorns, in order to
attain to a full development, must have a rich soil abounding in lime-
stone where the materials for producing their gigantic frames can be
obtained in abundance. The granite hills of New England are not
capable of supporting them unless they are allowed a liberal artificial
diet, but place them on the luxuriant pastures of Kentucky and the
rich prairies of the West, and they will thrive. The Ayrshires and
Devons seem, as far as climate and soil are concerned, peculiarly
adapted to New England ; naturally hardy and active, they are capa-
ble of enduring our severe winters better than some other breeds. In
regard to the Jerseys, opinions differ widely as to the merits of the
race and its adaptation to our climate, yet they have been largely
imported during the last twenty-five years, and are the favorite breed
jn some sections of the country.

Perhaps there is no subject connected with rural economy, that is
more worthy of careful study and investigation than that of breedings
We have the experience antl labors of all the eminent breeders of Eng-
land and America to guide us, while Agassiz and Law have given uo
the ro^varehos whicli their "ifted intellects have o-jeaned from the myw

THOROIGH-BRKD STOCK. IJI

terns of animal life. With all these facilities, may we not hope that
the next half century will witness a great improvement in the stock of
ottv landV

Your Committeo on Thorough-bred Stock find entered upon thu
iwoka 105 Head of Cattle in the various classes

We award the following premiums

SHORTHORNS HERDS.

mSC prciuiuiii to Augustus Whitman, Leominster, S12 00

:.(] ' '• Joel Page, Fitehburg, 8 00

BULLS OVER TWO YEARS OLD.

lfi;:prcni. to Augustus Whitman, Leominster, for "Salamander," 8 00
iV'* '• Joel Page, Fitehburg, for •' Morning Star," 5 00

BULLS ONE YEAR OLD.

Jsi. p:em. to A ig'i-jtu.'^ Whitman, L3orainster, for " Adonis," ♦» 00

T5ULL CALVES.

laz prem. to Au'iu.^tus Whitman. Leomin.ster. for '' Fortunatus," 5 CO
2fl ••, ' '^ " ^'xAIr. Flathers,"3 00

rows OVEK FOUR YEARS OLD.

J.So prc'ui. ti) Augustus Whitman, Leominster, for " Ada 4th," 6 00
:;d •• '• " " Wenonah," 4 00

cows THREE YEARS OLD AND UNDER FOUR. "

SI piOiii. to Augustus Whitman. Leominster, for "Wildflower," 5 00
2il " '• " "Meadow Lily" 3 00

cows TWO YEARS OLD AND UNDER THREE.

is; (.OHi. t>^ A. Whitman, Leominster, for *' Pride of Fairview," 4 00
2(; " •• Joel Page, Fitehburg, for " Kitty Clyde," 2 00

HE[FERS ONE YEAR OLD.

l,si pr<)m. t(i A. Whitman, Leominster, for "Peri of Fairview," o 00
'2c •• " " "Knightly Duchess," -2 00

UEIFEU CALVES.

Isi picoi. to Jucl Page, Fitehburg, for " Red Kose," 3 00

M '^ A.Whitman, Leomin.ster, for "Peri of Fairview, 2d, " 2 00

AYRSHIRE.? HEi:i>>.

]^i i^.cm. to E. T. Miles, Fitehburg, 12 00

20 T'JI01lOUuH-BR.ED ST«:kK.

BULLS TWO YEARS OLD AND UrWARDS.

ist preiii. to E. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, for " Highlaiicler," 8 00

2rl " Edmund Houghton, Lunenburg, for "Gen. Grant," 5 00

BULLS ONE YEAR OLD AND UNDER TWO.

1st prcni. to E. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, for " Kimball," ^ 'h)

J3ULL CALVES.

1st prem. to K. T. 3Iiles, Fitcbburg, for " Alpbeus," 5 00

2d " '• " "Morgan," ;.J 00

COWS rOUR YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

1st prem. to E. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, for " Beauty," 'J 00

2a " ■• " "Miller 2d," 4 00

cows THREE YEARS OLD AND UNDER FOUR.

1st prem. to E. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, for '^ Ellen Douglas," o* 00

cows TWO YEARS OLD AND UNDER THREE.

1st prem. to E. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, for " Myrtle 2d,'" 4 00

HEIFERS ONE YEAR OLD.

1st prem. to E. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, for " Gracie," :> 00

2d '• •• " ^'' Lady Burns 1st," 2 00

llEiFER CALVES.

2st prem. to K. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, for "Lady Burns 2d " 3 00
2a " •' ^' •• Myrtle 3d," 2 00

JERSEYS HERDS.

1st prem. to J. F. ]>rown, Lunenburg, 12 00

KULLS TWO YEARS OLD.

1st prem. to Jolm Brocks. Princeton, for " Picot," 8 00

BULLS ONE YEAR OLD.

1st prem. to J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, for " Jer.sey Prince," i> 00

COWS FOUR YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

Ist prem. to John H. Lockey, Leominster, *5 'M'l

cows THREE YEARS OLD AND UNDER FOUR.

Ist prem. to J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, for " Daisy," C» 00

cows TWO YEARS OLD AND UNDER THREE.

1st prem. to J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, for "Camilla," i 00

2d " " " "Dinah the Tbird," 2 00

TJlOKOrOH-BKED STOCK. 21

UEIIEIIS ONE YKAU OLD,

Isb jr;eui. to J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, for " Lena/' 3 00

2d •' John Brooks, Princeton rfor " Eliza.'' 2 00

HEIFER CALVES.

Istj^njui. to John Brooks, Princeton, for "Fannie,'' 3 00

Sd '• J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, for " Elso,^' 2 00

Your Committeo regret that a strict compliance with the rules of the
Society prevents them from awarding the premium on Herds to John
Brooks, for we consider his the best herd. We would therefore rec-
ommend a gratuity of S8.00 to John Brooks of Princeton, for his
lino herd of Jerseys.

Respectfully submitted,

L. B. CASWELL, for the Committee.

Statements of Augustus; Wfdtm.an.

^ Weuonah — Age, o years; calved Aug. 9, 1871; weight of milk
from Aug. 23 to 29 inclusive, 263|lbs. ; average per day, ST-x^o^-lbs.

Autumn Flower 2d — Age, 3 years; calved May G, 1871 ; weight
of milk from May 25 to 31 inclusive. 7 davs, 255^.- lbs ; average per
day, 361 lbs.

Ada 4th — Ago, G years; calved Sept. IG; weight of milk from
Sept. 10 to 2.J inclusive, 7 days, 311|- lbs. ; average per day, 44^1bs.

Bellflower 5th— Age, 10 years ; weight of milk from March 10 to
16 inclusive, 7 days, 316 lbs. ; average per day, 45-j^'^j*^ lbs.

Fitchbnrg, Sept. 25. 1871.

Statements of E. T. Miles.

Beauty, No. 240— Time of last calving, Aug. 3, 1871, suckled
calf since that time. In 1870, Beauty calved May 20, and m the
first six days in June last, more than 12 months after calving, gave 78
lbs. or 6 quarts per day, of milk. Her yield of milk for two years
past has been 8000 lbs. per year.

Myrtle 1st, No. 648— Calved June 2G, 1871 ; in 1870, July 2Q ;
in August following she gave an average of over 14 qts. per day ; in
AugiiS, 1871, her daily average was the same as near as may be.

Cleopatra, No. 311— Calved May 20, 1871; her daily average yield
oV milk for the month of August, 11 f|uarts.

22 THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

Ellen Douglas, No. 1121— Calved Jan. lo, 1871 ; suckled calf to
May 1st of the same year ; the first six days in June last she gave 112
lbs. milk, or 19 lbs. per day, and her average for the month was about
the same ; for the first six days in August her yield has been 7 ((Uf»rts
per day.

Daisy, No. 380 — Calved Feb. 25, 1871 ; first six days in Juno,
12J quarts which she averaged through the month ; her daily average
for the month of August last, six months after calving, was risini? ten
quarts.

Daisy, No. 39— Calved May 7, 1871 ; suckled calf till August i&t;
her average for the month of August was about 1 3 quarts per day.

Most of the cows entered in this class were not in milk the nrst
week in June, and others were at the New England Fair at Lowell the
first week in September. The record for any time required by the
committee will be given.

Statement of Joltn H. Lockey.

I offer for premium one cow, "Jessie,"' for milk, age 5 yean? .:
breed, Jersey; calved June 24, 1871. For six consecutive days,
commencing June 2^, she gave 294 lbs., an average of 49 lbs. per
day. For six consecutive days commencing Sept. 4, she gave 247^
lbs., an average of 41^^^'^ lbs. per day; manner of keeping, June trial,
pasture feed ; Sept. trial, pasture feed, corn stalks and two quarts of
shorts per day. Her greatest yield in any one. day in June was 'U
lbs., in Sept., 42 lbs.

Leominster, Sept. 21, 1871.

Statements of J. F. Broicn.

Jersey Herd Book, No. 221, Beauty — Age, 10 years ; time of lasi
calving, April, 1870, and a premature birth May, 1871 — time to calve
July — no record of milk was kept in June ; Sept. record, 119 lbs

Fannie, J. H. B., No. 343— Age (3 years; birth of last calf, Mar.
24, 1871 ; June trial, 158 lbs., Sept. trial, 126 lbs.

Fawn 2d, J H. B., 366— Age 3 years, 5 months; birth ..f ':..-i.
calf, March 20; June trial, 144 lbs., Sept trial, 117 lbs.

Daisy, J. H. B., 004- Age, 3 years, 11 months; birth of ''--r
calf, Aug. 28; milk, Sept., 138 lbs.

Lady Clare — Age, 3 years, 11 months; birth of last calf, May '.}
reilk, June. 138 lbs , Sept.. 120 lbs.

MILCH KINK.

U]

Graziella— Age, 2 years, 11^ niontlis : birth of last calf \iio 7 •
ilk in Sept.. 114 Ib.s. " - g- -

Dinah Sd, J. .11. 13., GC'2— Age, 2 years, 7 months; droi^ped her
calf June 1st, 1870, at fourteen months of age; -weight of heifer at
night before milking, 440 lbs. ; gave 1 1 lbs. milk at night, 81 in
morning; weight of cream, 8/,; lbs, which produced (i^ lbs. burter ;
had pasture feed only, and had given milk since June l,st,*'l870 ; Sept'
milk, 07 Ib.s.

The very dry season of 1870 affected the pasture for this seabovj
materially, and in addition to such feed as it produced, have fed orr^in,
varying from -^ to H qts. per day.

MILCH KL\E.

The Committee on Milch Kine submit the following awards, viz;

HERDS OF rOVR COWS.

Istprem. to Joel Page, Fitchburg, $10 00

2d " N. B. Keed, Princeton, 7 00

COAVS for milk SINGLE.

1st prom, to Augustus Gates, No. Leominster, .") 00

2d '' N. B. Keed, Princeton, 4 00

HEIFERS THREE YEARS OLD.

1st prem. to N. B. Reed, Princeton, 5 00

2d " Joel Page, Fitchburg, 4 00

The Committee regret that they were obliged to withhold a premium
for a cow entered for Butter by Mr. Stillman Stone, Lunenburg, as his
statement was not filed with the Secretary at the time of entry. [See
page 77 of "Transactions."]

For the Committee,

EPH'M GPvAHAM, Acting Chairman.

Statements of y. B. Reed.

To the Committee on Milch Kine I offer two Single Cows for milk

One cow, age five years ; breed, Shorthorn and Devon ; she gave in
the June trial, 292 lbs. of milk : in September trial. 236^ lbs.

'24 , MILCH KINE.

One cow, age seven years ; breed, Shorthorn and Devon ; she gave
in June trial, 250J lbs. ; in September trial, 225 lbs.

Also, two three-years- old heifers for milk ; breed, Shorthorn and
Devon. Dark red one gave, in June trial, 198 lbs. ; in September,
trial, 180 lbs. Light red one, in June trial, gave 222 lbs. : in Sep-
tember trial, 210 lbs.

Their keeping wa- pasture feed in June, in September, pasture with
corn fodder.

1 also ofF^r one Herd of Grade Cows and Heifers for premium.
Their ages are : one cow, five years ; breed, Devon and Shorthorn ;
one cow, seven years ; breed, Devon and Shorthorn ; one heifer, three
years ; breed, Devon and Shorthorn ; one heifer, three years ; breed,
Devon and Shorthorn.

Their weight of milk was as follows: in the June trial the aggre-
gat'3 was 96o lbs. ; in the September trial, 801 J lbs.

Their keeping in June was common pasture feed ; in September,
past'ire with corn fodder. One calved in February, the others in
M.areh.

Priaoeton. Sept. 19th, 1871.

Statement of Augustus Gates.

Ty the Committee on Milch Kiue. I offer for preniium two cows for
milk; breed, Native.

One cow, seven years old, Lop Horn ; she gave at June trial, 256
lbs. ; at September trial, 220 lbs.

Also, one other cow, eight years old. Grey Face ; time of last calv-
ing, August 5th, 1871. She gave, at June trial, 150 lbs; at Septem-
ber-trial, 290 lbs. Their keeping was common pasture with four qts,
ijihorts.

Also, I offer two heifers, age, 22 months ; breed, nativL-.

Loominster, Sept. 20th, 1S71.

HEIFERS.

T'wQ Committee on Heifers submit the followiug awards :

TWO YEARS OLI>.

Is: prem. to Lyman Nichols, Fitchburg, $4 00

2d '' E. D. Works, Fitchburg. 3 00

HEIFERS.

YEAIlLINGa.

Ist jprein. to N. B. Keed, Priucoton, 3 00

2d " Loriston Stockwell, Fitcliburg, 2 00

JOHN MINOT. Chairman.

HEIFER CALVES

lo\iv Committee on Heifer Calves award the following premiums :

UEIFER CALVES.

isi prem. to Lymau Nichols, Fitchburg, $4 00

2d " S. Stone, Lunenburg, B 00

CALVES RAISED iU' HAM».

1st prem. to Reuben Vose, Winchendon, 4 00

THOMAS SHELDON. Chairman.

YEARLING STEERS AND STEER CALVES

The Committee award the following premiums :

YEARLING STEERS.

1st prem. to N. 13. Reed, Princeton, $3 00

2d •' M. A. Bcaman, Princeton. :2 00

TRAINED YEARLIN-JS.

1st prem. to M. A. Beaman, Princeton. 3 00

2d " '•' N. D. Reed, Princeton, 2 00

BEST MINOR TRAINER.

1st prem. to M. A. Beaman, Princeton. 3 00

2d '= Walter S. Howe, 2 00

GEORGE WOOD.

PENS OF CALVES.

The Committee on Pens of Calves make the following report :

But one entry was made and the first premium of ten dollarH is
awarded to Augustus Whitman of Leominster.

26

WORKING OXEX.

PENS OF '\ILVE?.

1st prem. to Augastus Whitman, Leominster, .$10 00

GEO. L. RICE, Acting Chairman

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their duties uud
report the following :

FAT OXEN.

1st prem. to Reuben A^ose, Winchendon, $8 00

2d " John Brooks, Princeton, 5 00

We recommend a gratuity to John Pago of Leominster, of 5S4.00.

FAT STEERS.

lst^)rem. to Reuben Vose Jr.. Winchendon, tj CO

2d - " . •' 4 00

According to the statement.^, ail the cattle were gra.ss fed only.

C. C. BOYDEN, for Coramitfj'.e.

WORKING OXEN— SINGLE TEAMS.

It is with a good deal of pleasure that your Committee find them-
selves able to put on record the fact of an increasing interest in Work-
ing Oxen. We have often wished that our farmers might possess that
hearty and entire devotion to the interest of cattle training, which seem,'^
to characterize the lovers of horse fiesh. All employments are yet tc
be tried, and awarded according as they are of v.sc ; and when that time
comes, the training of working osen will be elevated to that position
which of right it occupies in scientific agriculture.

It has seemed to be our mission to at least aid, during the past twelve
years, in placing ox training on this elevated basis, and we rejoice to
know that the farming community responds, by an appreciative verdict,
to what has been done. The shrewd and progressive farmer of the
present day, cannot afford to keep, and improve upon, any but the
most perfect breeds of cattle ; and in the same view he is inclined to
regard those he employs for draught. He knows that the slip-shod
manner of conducting the business of matching cind training oxe^ for

WOHKlNii »>.\KX. 27

the favii], is the worst economy, even only so far as bis own require-
ments for ox-labor are concL'rnee] ; ami when he comes to tlio market
demands, every principle of true economy is 'against it. 13ut It is mat-
ter for serious wonder why the majority of men acquainted with farm
ing pursuits, fail to recognize, practically, the fact that the standards in
this department of their calling are greatly elevated, and that to com-
pete with those who are up to the times, and make the raising and sulo
of cattle remunerative, tbey must abandon tlieir old notions, and regu-
late their conditions to meet the facts of the new. In our view, the
growing disuse of oxlabor, in favor of horse labor, on farms, is ai>
error ; but if we were to employ the most cfTective means of convert-
ing all to this view, it would be ox training carried to the highest pitch
of perfection. Many of the arguments brought against the use of ordi-
nary oxen on the farm, have no force against the trained ox. The farn)
is the appropriate sphere of labor for the ox, and in his training this fac^
should be kept constantly in mind. In our Essays we have never
failed to set forth that it is the lighter uses for which our oxen should
receive training. We regret that those who compete for premiums are
not more familiar with this view, for, although we honestly think that
the conditions required to constitute oxen eligible to premiums by no
means cover all that is desirable, or all that oxen are capable of doing,
yet the most progressive interpretation of tlie terms cover more tha»
competitors are wont to apprehend. In the matter of hacJdng, for
example, drivers show a too general ignorance as to what is desirable
It is not enough that a pair of oxen are capable of forcing a load back
a certain distance — they must be able to do it within certain limits of
space, and time. To test cattle on these point^, the weight of the load
should be even more nicely adapted to the weight and strength of the
cattle, than if the trial were for draught. We cannot escape the
impression that the rule of one-third more than the weight of the team,
is too high, unless the team is trained up to a high point of efSciency.
"And this brings us again to say that far too large a majority of the
oxen whose exploits on the cart it is supposed to be your committee'^
business to " sit in iudgment" upon, are unworthy to compete, for the
above reasons. It is quite evident that this class of teams have had no
training, ivith a sinrfle vieiv to the trial for premium. This is not ay
it should be. We do not plead guilty to a desire to exclude any team,
and yet it would not seem consistent with the Society's intent that your
committee should fail to suggest " a better way."

But the prime barrier in the way of all betterment in this matter,
is, that trainers are incompetent. We wish it were possible to set fcrtli
with force and clearness sufficient to instruct the more obtuse, th&
actual demand our present standard makes for efficient teamsters. This
demand cannot be met by the class of self-elected teamsters, (in whose
minds no standard exists,) who continually thrust upon the attention of
judges achievements that are not creditable, even in the eyes of the
ignorant crowd. But despite the difficulties which hedge this whole
Kubject of teamstership and training of oxen, it is slowly, but surely,
developing itself :ts a distinct, wolldcfined. and most noble scienco

liO \VORKIX(r OXEX.

That several of ouu Fanners' Clubs have iatroduced for discussion, the
subjeet of training, must be regarded as an encouraging " sign of the
times." Let us all, as much as we may be able, agitate for some defi-
nite standard ; and we can but suggest to these whose jurisdiction may
include necessary modifications of our by-laws, that the qualifications
for premium be extended so as to require more grace, nimbleness, and
a greater discipline in the minor movements, which truly 2XQ disiderata
in oxen to be used on the farm. We should prove recreant to our sense
of what is desirable did we fail to indicate the direction the discipline
should take.

It is well known that; awkward cattle are utterly unable to take care
oi their legs, and of consequence the legs and feet of untrained oxen.-
are constantly subject to mutilation, either from other legs and feet, or
"trom. the chain, as in logging, &c. ; hence that part of their discipline
which arms them against these dire calamities, is especially to be rec-
ommended. Indeed, we have known valuable pairs of oxen to be ren-
dered kors: d'.fj comhat by their struggles in '^ hauling, ^^ not the load to
whioh they were attach^, but each other ! It is painful to witness tho
wild and senseless ravings of cattle that have never been taught the
use of their rauseles, and how to apply their strength to the master's
advantage.

Competitors should understand that these points which we here
ioueh upon, are regarded as essential, and muse enter into the estimate
to awarding premiums. We must not only take cognizance of the
thing done as an ultimate, but we must regard the '• how" by which it
ie done. It is this hoia that makes the comfoii; or discomfort of all
who have to do with working oxen, and generally largely affects the
merit of the performance. It is impossible to. sever the connection
between grace and higliest use — the best way to do a thing ever involves
taste, economy, and pleasure to the doer — thus on the score of utility,
wo urge these accomplishments. But it is noticeable that farmers are wont
to view this matter in a different light, and to si>eak of the si)ecial feats
we are advocating, as merely fanciful adjuncts, and not at all a neces
yary part of ox-training. A little reflection will suffice to correct this
conceit, and it is because the prejudice which exists has no foundation
in science or common sense, that we are obliged to write so much at
length in this report. In a former article we have endeavored to lay
sufficient stress on several points which we deem essential ; and that
competitors may the better prepare to meet the requirements and thus
some real advancement in managing oxen be made, we again allude to
them. It is manifestly absurd to hope for any commendable degree of
proficiency in " backing," unless oxen are taught the true position to
bo maintained. If cattle cannot keep their noses out of the ground ; if
they cannot hug the spear ; if they cannot exert equal strength
simultaneously, in shoving a load back, though never so much muscle
be applied, their effort will be a failure. Such cattle have no command
of their force adequate to the situation, and we could as correctly rank
them in the scale of merit before as qftey trial. Hence the time con-
sumed in their case is thrown away. T!ie power to accomplish great

WUliKLXti <)XK\ AND IKiRSH. '^H

things lies largely in economy of foiees. Our (Iriver.- ougiit to i>i[nXy
the Bimj)lest laws of ai»[)licd uiochanics — they should familiarize them-
selves with the scic nee of relatives, and to this end we want more lec-
tures, discussions,, and consequent elevation of desire and knowledge.
Let us seek to compel reference to higher standards ; let us seek to
establish and dignify those standards we already have, hy installing
them in legal positions before the classes whom it most concerns to
reach those standards.

The Agricultural College should bear this practical fruit, and we
must plant a professorship there at no distant day. looking to tlie (voof}
of this noble interest.

The (^ommtttee award as follows:

NVOKKJNi.i OXKX.

1st prem. to \V . \V. Jieu.-on, Princeton, >7 ■ '•

2d W. Shattuck, Fitchburg, 6 00

3d •• Henry Wood, Leominster, 5 00

4th '• y. B. Keed, Princeton. 4 00

nth •• rvcuben A'ose, Winchendon, :' 00

MlXOi; TKAMSTER.

■Jst prem. to Levi Pratt, Fitchburg, :. Or

Tn be'ialf of the Committee.

ALPHETTS V>. DA\'[S. C/u,n-w<> •

WDJJKLXli OXEN AND HO^PiSE.

The Oommitioe on Working Oxen and Horse liaving :',ttend :•■■ to
their duties, make tlie following awards :

1st prem. to F- H. Arnold »i;. W. W. Shattuck of iMfi-li^ur'j:. :i?7 0(?
2d '• X. B. Heed of PrineetnTi. .•»0(

SILAS PBATT. C/^mnHai> vf Co^n

The premium to Messrs. Arnold and Shattuck should not be paid,
because the parts of their team were owned entirely separately and were
only put together to draw for the ]ireniium.

Ski KKTAT'-

STEEKS MORE THAX TWO VEABS OLD.
The Committee on Steers two years old and upwards, yiViuni -ah

$0 s\yiXE.

STEEKiS THRKK VKAKS OLP.

UiL prem. to John Brooks, Princetou, $5 0(>

:^(j •• F. Nourse, Sterling, 4 0(»

Grntviity to Lyman Nicliols, Fitebbiirg. 4 00

STEERS TWO YEARS OLD.

\hi prem. to N. B. Heed, Princeton, 4 00

2?,fl " Lyman Nichols, Fitcbbtirg, 3 00

<4ratuity to Georoo AVood, Leominster, 2 00
ALA'LX M. SAWYER, Ghairman of Com.

SWINE.

On arriving at the pens and wagons containing tbe subjects of our
investigations, it needed but a glanco to convince one that in no kind
of domestic animals had a greater change taken place within the last
thirty or forty years than in Swine. Who thought of inquiring, at that
time, of what breed a hog was V A pig was a pig ; if ho could eat and
fsqiieal, that was enough, he was all right. If he had any special
points of recommendation it was the extra length of the nose and legs,
and large size of the ears. Our first recollection of a breed of hogs,
was the Byfield, after which came <i«ite a number of imported breeds.
Among those which were received with the most favor, was the Mackey,
which was, undoubtedly, one of the best ever introduced in this vicin-
ity. The Berkshires, while they furnished most excellent hams and
parts for bacon and sausages, were deficient in the more important
parts called middlings, being thin and not of uniform thickness. There
h at present what is called the improved Berkshire, which meetvS with
.iiiore favor. The Suffolk, with their fine delicate limbs and careass,
were found to be too small, and inclined to fatten too early to be profi-
table, and they have in a great measure given place to the Essex,
which now appears to be the favorite for a small breofl. though many
object to them on account of their color, being black. Several years
iigo a breed originated in Chester Co., Penn., known as Chester Co.,
or Chester Whites, which for size, early maturity, symmetry of form,
iiptitude to fatten at any age, has taken the rank in breeds of Swine,
that the Shorthorn, or Durham has among horned cattle. Some, in
breeding, have paid regard only to large size, have produced a large-
boned, thick-skinned and coarse-fleshed animal, more inclined to grow
than to fatten, which has not given sati. -^faction, while others, by careful
and judicious breeding, have produced a superior class of swine, which,
all things considered, is probably the best. Of thi*last class wo found
i\\] t^^: Swine exhibited, either Thorough-lired or grade Chester Whites.

alWINJi. 31

Tfac three Fat Hog« exhibited by Mr. Boydcn, weie fiuo animals,
e'loYen months and twenty-six days old. Their average weight was be-
tweoQ six and seven hundred; the three weighing over nineteen hundred.

They were not coarse, but of fine symmetrical form, well propor-
^/tonei and fat. The same may be said of the Fat Figs of Mr. Nichols.

We often hear the remark, in regard to thorough-bred animals, that
'' folood tells." While this is true of swine, we tliink the contents of
tho 6will pail also tell as effectually, and it is by the judicious blending
of the two together, the best results are obtained.

It is a problem whether fatting pork at present prices pays. As a
general rule, it is best to get an early spring pig and fatten, and kill it
at from eight to ten months old. With proper care and feeding, a pig at
that age will make from 250 to oOO lbs. of pork, while if it was win-
tared over and kept until eighteen months old, probably it would not
make more than o50 or 400 lbs. The extra 100 lbs. would not pay
for keeping ten months. For the dairy farmer who keeps hogs to eat
hi.-j milk, it is better to get fall pigs and get them started while he has
lailk, and before very cold weather ; tliey can then be cheaply kept
through the winter on small potatoes, roots, or apples, and be ready in
r,hs spring to take his milk, while spring pigs would not be able to take
all of it from from May until July, during the greatest flow.

At present prices, corn is, undoubtedly, the cheapest feed for hogs.
In looking over the reports of experiments of the amount of pork a
bushel of corn would make, in the Report of tlie Department of Agri-
culture, and other sources at my command, they vary in their result.*!
from seven to sixteen lbs. per bushel, some calling seven lbs. uf meal
to mvhi one lb. of pork. Wo will call a l)ushel of meal to make ten
lbs. of pork, which wo think is more than it will average. We will
allow for a pig ten months old, what milk, slops and other things of
not much value, used to make 100 lbs. of pork. This, if the pig
weighs 300 lbs., leaves 200 lbs. to be provided for, which would take
20 b"ishels of corn. Tliis at 80 cts., the average price during the
season, would be Slt^OO; the "cost of the pig, $5.00, in, would make
$21.00. 300 lbs. of pork at 7 cts. would be $21.00. Allowing the
manure tu pay for tending, would make about an even thing of it.
• Iq conclusion, your Committee would say that, iii tiuality, the exhi-
bition was excellent, there was not an inferior animal exhibited, but in
point of numbers it was not what it ought to have been ; it was not
what it might have been. There are fine specimens of other breeds
owned by nionilit-rs of tlic Society, whic-li we regretted very much not

'"'he (.'oitiitiittec on Swine have awarded the following pn'miums :

BOAKS MORE THAN ONi: VKAR OLD.

ls^p;eMl. t-i Luther Page, Lunenburg, Sit 00

BOARS LESS THAN ONK VKAH OLD.

1st T-reui. to James Mclntire, Fitchburg. 3 00

2d' " Lawrin Pratt. Fitchburir. 2 Oi)

82 SHEHP.

FAT HOG:

1st pr<;m. to 0. 0. Boji^Icd. Leominster, o xt

1st prem. to L};irian Nicliok. Fitchburg, 4 i^V

2d '• •• '• 2 00

BREEDING SOWS.

1st prem. to .Franklin Nourse, Sterling, S 00

2(1 •'■ C. C. Boycleu, Leominster, 4 00

WEANED PIGS.

1st prem. to James Mclntire, Fitchburg, J- 00

2cl '' T. Benton Works, Fitchburg, 2 00

Your committee would recommend a gratuity of •"^2.00 to Augur^tu,-
Whitman, for his Weaned Pigs.

hi behalf of the Committee,

NATHAN CASWELL. Aclinfj Chmrmi-

SHEEP.

The (lornmiuev on Sheep would aATaid as follows:

BUCKS.

1st prem. to J. McLitire, Fitchburg. for Cossiet. %^ Ou

2d " N. B. Pteed, Princeton, for South-down & Leicester. 3 00

COSSETS.

1st prem. to N. B. Keed. Princeton, . 2 l\^

2d '\ • ■' i 00

HOWARD GATES. Chairmmi.

POULTRY

Your Committee award the following premiums :

HENS.

let prem. m B.rabmaB, to J. A. Marshall, Fitchburg. \2 OO

2d " " Geo. E. Livermore. " 1 00

TOWN TEAMS. 83

1st prem. on Black Spanish, to J. A. Marshall, "

2d '' " W.A.Carlton, "

1st prem. on White Leghorns, J. A. Marshall, "

2d " '' H. I. Munroe,

1st prem. on Bolton Greys, to Nathan Caswell, "

2d

1st prein. on Domingoes, to W. A. Carlton,

1st prem. on Seabrights, to Master J. B. Carpenter, Fitchburg,

TURKEYS.

1st prem. to B. F. Hall, Leominster,
2d " Warren Shattuck, Fitchburg,

JOHN BnOOKS,forthe Committee.

2 00

1

00

2

00

1

00

o

00

1

00

2

00

2

00

2

00

1

00

TOWN TEAMS.

The Committee on Town Teams have attended to the duty assigned
them, and report as follows :

Your Committee were unable to find but one entry of Town Teams,
that one from Leominster, by C. C. Boy den.

We award Leominster the 1st premium, $30 00

The Committee desire, also, to make honorable mention, and recom-
mend a gratuity of $5.00 to Reuben Vose, Jr., of Winchendon, for
3 yoke of very fine oxen exhibited, and driven by hinself.

Your Committee in making the above report regret exceedingly to
find so little interest manifested among the farmers of the several tpwns
belonging to the Worcester North Agricultural Society, in the exhibi-
tion of their working oxen. The most serviceable of animals and best
friends of the farmer, are his team of working oxen. They are always
ready to do the work assigned them, and do it well.

The committee feel that this branch of the exhibition should not be
suffered to die for want of competition.

We commend and honor the Town of Leominster for their enterprise
in bringing forward for exhibition a string of 18 yoke of noble oxen, a
fine Town Team, all of which were in good working condition.

The committee are not ignorant of the fact that towns remote from
the place of exhibition labor under disadvantage in getting up a Town
Team. Farmers are not all willing to let their teams go to be driven
so far as they would have to be in going to and from the Fair Grounds.
This objection is not valid in all the towns, some of which are as near
the Fair Grounds as Leominster.

34 FOOT RACE.

Your committee, one and all, do most sincerely hope to see more
life and animation among the farmers of the various towns in getting
up Town Teams and bringing them forward for exhibition, and com-
peting for the premiums offered by the Society, and not letting this
very important part of the annual Show die out. A little more energy
and spirit is all that is needed ; if speed was requisite and to be con-
sidered, we might expect a lively competition from some towns that
now manifest very little, or no interest in the matter.
For the Committee,

ESTABROOK MOORE, Chairman.

FOOT RACE.

Your Committee submit the following as their report on the Foot
Race. There were four entries each day. Time, Sept. 27th, 2 min. 29 sec.

1st prem., Sept. 26th, to Herbert Manning, Templeton, $10 00

2d " " Francis McCushing, Fitchburg, 6 00

1st prem., Sept. 27th, to Herbert Manning, Templeton, 10 00

2d '' *' Francis McCushing, Fitchburg, 6 00

JAMES DALEY, for Committee.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gentlemen's Driving Horses award as follows :

1st prem. to Warren W. Shattuck, Fitchburg, $10 00

2d •' G. N. Proctor, Fitchburg, 5 00

WARREN SIMONDS, for Committee.

MATCHED DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Matched Driving Horses (one only of the origi-
fnal committee being present,) have attended to that duty and report as
ollows :

1st prem. to Alvah Crocker, Fitchburg, $10 00

2d " L. B. Willard, Ashby, 5 00

Five Pairs Horses were presented.

DANIEL PUTNAM, for the Committee.

FAMILY HORSES — SINGLE. 35

FAMILY HORSES— SINGLE.

The Committee on Family Horses Single, make tlie following awards :

1st prem. to Gr. N. Proctor, Fitchburg, $(} 00

2d •* N. C. Boutelle, No. Leominster, 4 00

WiM. WOODBURY, Chairman.

COLTS.

The Committee on Two and Three-years-old Colts, submit the fol-
lowing report :

GELDINGS.

1st prera. to J. H. Marshall, Leominster, $10 00

FILLIES THREE YEARS OLD.

1st prem. to A. S. Jefts, Fitchburg, 10 00

2d " Joseph Marshall, Leominster, 5 00

Gratuity to Lyman Nichols, Fitchburg, for 3-years-old colt, 3 00

COLTS TWO YEARS OLD.

1st prem. to Lyman Patch, Fitchburg, for Stallion, 6 00

2d " M. S. Heath of Lunenburg, for Gelding, 3 00

FILLIES TWO YEARS OLD.

1st prem. to Lyman Nichols, Fitchburg, 6 00

JOSIAH PUFFER, for the Committee,

STALLIONS.

Your Committee on Stallions have attended to their duty and have
awarded as follows :

1st prem. to E. F. Perkins, Wilton, N. H., $10 00

GEORGE DxWIS, Chairman.

36 MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

The Committee on Mares and Sucking Colts make the following
awards :

1st prem. to James Hannegan, Fitchburg, $4 00

2d " James Marshall, Leominster, 3 00

Gratuity to M. S. Heath of Lunenburg, 2 00

AUGUSTUS GATES.

DRAUGHT HORSES.

The Committee, on Draught Horses report as follows :

DRAUGHT HORSES — PAIRS.

1st prem. to J. P. Putnam, Fitchburg, $G 00

2d " D. F. Mclntire, " 4 00

SINGLE.

1st prem. to F. H. Arnold, Fitchburg, 5 00

2d " Emroj Farmer, Harvard, 3 00

DENNIS FAY, Chairman.

HORSES FOR SPEED.

The Committee on Horses for Speed, would report that, in the trial
of Tuesday, Sept. 26th, for the purse of $150, the premiums were
awarded as follows :

1st prem. to J. S. Woodward, for " Jennie Chandler,"
2d " L. P. Comee, Fitchburg, for '• Clinton Maid,"
3d " H. A. Hatch, Fitchburg, for " Corporal Trijn,

On Wednesday, 27th, for purse of $100 :

1st prem. to H. A, Hatch, Fitchburg, for " John Morrill,"
2d ■ " L. P. Comee, Fitchburg, for " Clinton Maid,"
3d " Geo. Davis, Shirley, for '^ Phil,"

For the puree of $250 :

1st prem. to J. S. Woodward, for " Commodore Nutt,"
2d " H. A. Hatch, Fitchburg, for " Corporal Trim,
3d '' L. P. Comee, Fitchburg, for " Trifle,"

FRANCIS BUTTRICK, for the Committee

$100

00

35

00

15

00

60 00

25

00

15

00

175

00

50

00

25

00

MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES. 37

MECHANICS AIS^D MANUFACTURES.

Your Committee find it impossible with the sum placed at their dis-
posal to do justice to all the competitors for premiums. Many articles
that are worthy of a premium can only receive honorable mention, and
such premiums as are awarded must of necessity be small and insig-
nificant. This is owing to the great increase of articles offered over the
same class in previous years.

This part of the Exhibition was a decided success, and a ve ry
attractive feature of the Fair, affording to our people an opportunity
never before enjoyed, of witnessing a large gathering together of the
varied inventions and manufactures for which this locality is so far-
famed. ^ The space occupied by this department consisted of one room
50x100 feet and a temporary building 25xG0 feet, having two lines of
shafting, one 63 feet and one 7^ feet long. This shafting was fur-
nished by the Piollstone Machine Works. It was made in lengths of
9 feet and connected together by Porter's Patent Coupling, which is
one of the cheapest, strongest and most convenient contrivances for
the use, yet invented, and is particularly adapted to places where fre-
quent change of pulleys is desirable. The Motive Power was fur-
nished by the Union Machine Co., and consisted of a Portable Engine
of 15-horse power, of excellent construction, which did its work to the
satisfaction of all, and showed that our friends of the Union who build
the Model Steam Fire Engines also know how to build a Stationary or
Portable as well. The Belting was furnished by Wright, Woodward
& Co., and was some of Page's best Patent Tanned, than which there
is no better.

The Union Machine Co. had upon exhibition one of their patent
improved Jucket Steam Fire Engines which came out concjueror in
the trial which was conducted upon an entirely new plan calculated to
show the vital force and real stamina of these most excellent machines.

In connection with this machine was a splendid Hose Carriage which
for strength combined with artistic beauty, is the most perfect success
it has ever been our pleasure to witness. This Jucket Engine is so
arranged that should either of its pumps get disabled the other can be
used independently. It also has vulcanite valves which cannot be
destroyed by any grit which may pass between the valves and their
seats. There is also connected with this boiler a novel arrangement of
pipes and flues by which a peculiarly even pressure of steam is main-
tained. This Company also had on exhibition a very fine collection of
finished parts of machines showing the thoroughness of finish and
strength which is combined in them. They also exhibited a fine Stave-
Sawing Machine as a specimen of their workmanship in this direction.

The Fitchburg Machine Co. of this town, exhibited some very fine
specimens of Iron Working Tools which were manufactured especially
for the Haskins Pneumatic Alarm Co. This collection consisted of
an Upright Drill, a Compound Planer and a Screw Cutting Engine
Lathe. These Tools, as well as all others of their manufacture, are
models of neatness and simplicity and arc manufactured from new and

88 MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES.

improved patterns. Special care has been observed so to proportion
their parts as to secure the greatest strength of metal and durability of
the machines. Stock of superior quality only is used and the work-
manship is first-class in all respects. All their finished parts consist of
graceful curves and are entirely free from fussed up beads and sharp
corners, rivalling in these respects the. celebrated Whitworth Tools of
England. This Company has taken a long step in advance in the
improvement of these classes of tools. Their Lathes are nearly all
provided with both lateral and cross power friction feed, both of which
have new and very valuable features. Their Planers have many desir-
able improvements combined with an enormous amount of weight of
iron. Their Upright Drills are very convenient and have S. C. Wright's
Patent Friction Feed, which is one of the best inventions of this class
that we have ever seen. All of these tools are furnished with patent
self-oiling countershafts. The productions of this establishment should
be seen by all who contemplate purchasing in this line.

Cbas. I). Moore & Co. of Lawrence, had on exhibition one of their
Revolving Blade Scroll Sawing Machines which is a novelty in its
class and apparently a very desirable improvement. This invention
rotates the blade of the saw perpendicularly to the surface of the table.
This is accomplished while the saw is reciprocating so as to obviate the
turning about of the piece of wood or other material while being
sawed, the saw itself being made to conform to the curvature of the
pattern instead of making the outline conform to the direction of the
saw. This machine will be found to be a desideratum in shops where
a lack of room prevents the desirable working of other kinds of Jig
Saws. This machine is got up in very excellent style, is very orna-
mental and added largely to the attractiveness of the Fair.

The Burleigh Bock Drill, of which we have heard so much but
which we have not often had an opportunity of seeing at work, made a
very creditable exhibition of itself at this Fair where it was in full
operation. This is a Fitchburg invention which has made successful —
we had almost said possible — the great work now in progress at the
Hoosac Tunnel. This machine is convenient, easily handled, not lia-
ble to get out of order, and, by competent judges, js said to be in every
respect the most practical Drilling Machine ever invented. It will drill
from two to six inches per minute, according to the hardness of the
rock — striking from 250 to 500 blows per minute — and is worked
either by steam or compressed air. At the Hoosac Tunnel air is used,
which is conducted in flexible pipes and serves the double purpose of
working the drills and ventilating the Tunnel. One of these machines
is said to perform the labor of twenty men at one-third the expense.
A peculiarity of this machine is that it drills a round hole, 'wbereas
hand drill holes arc in form like an equilateral triangle with the corners
and sides slightly rounded.

The Union Stone Co. of Boston, exhibited a large collection of their
Emery Wheels and Stones and Grinding Machines, a goodly number
of which, wo are pleased to learn, they disposed of in our midst, show-
ing that these productions were fully appreciated by our manufacturers.

MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES. 39

The ingredients composing these stones are chemically united, forming
a stone of great strength, and far better than the stones the particles
of which are simply united in what is known as a mechanical mixture.
Their grinding machines are gotten up in a very convenient form and
are adapted to the sharpening of saws, and innumerable other uses.

Mr. L. D. Wheeler had upon exhibition a large collection of his
newly-invented Fan Blowers, which almost equalled, as far as blowing
was concerned, the Pneumatic Alarm Go's collection, the main differ-
ence being that while the horns were doing their work with a deal of
vociferation, the fan was blowing most furiously and in the most noise-
less manner. This Fan certainly equals, in nearly every respect, and
exceeds in some, the celebrated Sturtcvant Fan, which is now consid-
ered the standard of excellence. This invention is also a Fitchburg
affair, and, after hoeing a hard row, is now beginning to be appreciated.
This collection also contained some Washing Machines and other inven-
tions which are working their way into public favor.

Mr. Knight of Hillsborough, exhibited a Window Fastener, for
fastening either the top or bottom sash of a window in any desired
position, and securely holding it from being moved either up or down
from the outside of the house. This should be seen by persons in
want of window fastenings.

Mr. M. Bowker, formerly of this town, had upon exhibition a newly
invented Tobacco Cutter of great power and of excellent design.

Clement & Hawkes Manufacturing Co. of Northampton, exhibited
an ingeuiously gotten up Belt Clamp, unlike any which we have ever
before seen. We have all been content to use the old-fashioned wooden
clamp and we do not remember having seen any other effort in this
direction. This we should judge to be a very convenient appliance for
the use intended.

The collection of Cement Pipe exhibited by A. C. Kinney of Fitch-
burg, was superior in point of finish to any we have before seen, and
he claims a superiority in his construction of the joints, which are very
easily and strongly fastened together. The inside finish of these pipes
is remarkable for its peculiarly glossy surface.

L. W. Merriam of ^his town, showed a new style Roofing Bracket
which is a late invention and is the best thing of this kind that he
has yet produced. This is made of malleable iron and is cast all in
one piece. The arrangement for attaching this bracket to the roof is
very simple, convenient and efiicient. Mr. Merriam seems to be the
only man who has produced a good invention in this line.

This town is not noted for its cooperage, but the beautiful handiwork
exhibited by F. G. Kinsman, on this occasion, demonstrates that he is
master of his business. Mr. Kinsman is a young man of merit and
deserves the patronage of our people who desire anything in his lino.

J. M. Marston of No. 6 Tabor St., Boston Highlands, exhibited, to
toe full satisfaction of all interested, a new Foot Power arranged for
running a circular saw. This consisted of a very heavy balance wheel
moved by a treadle, the balance wheel having upon its periphery a
tooth gear which fits into a toothed arbor upon which are placed saws,

40 MECHANICS AND MANUFACTUR|:S.

cutter-heads, emery wheels, or any small tooll which it is desirable to
use. This would be a very valuable machine in shops where other
motive power could not be had.

Mr. Greorge A. Henry had a beautiful miniature Steam Stationary
Engine of about one-fifth horse power, which was driven by steam that
was conducted through a f pipe from the main boiler some 60 feet
distant. This attracted large numbers by the beauty and neatness of
its finish and the rapidity and stillness of its working.

A. McAllister showed, to the evident satisfaction of all who had the
pleasure of examining his improved Mitre Box, that he had reached
the desideratum in this invention.

The New England Machine Co. have recently brought out a beauti-
ful design for an arjuarium. They had two of them in full running
order, containing a few handsoma brook trout.

A. D. Waymoth & Co. had upon exhibition one of their improved
Wood Turning; Lathes, desio;ned for turnins: all sorts of small work,
such as tassel moulds, sleeve buttons, wooden jewelry, rings, pill box-
es, and, in fact, nearly every conceivable form. They have built these
Latbes upwards of 14 years, arid have lately secured an extension of
their patent. This Lathe furnishes the most rapid method of turning
small wooden articles yet invented, and hand work cannot stand be-
fore such a machine, cither in rapidity or nicety of product. These
machines are made in the best and most durable manner, and are sold
at a price so low that no wood turning establishment can afford to be
without them.

Charles Fessenden had in this department a very neat " Concord"
wagon.

Edwards & Stockemer, of Fitchburg, showed a specimen of their
work in the way of a light Express Wagon, which was a model of
beauty combined with strength. The painting upon this vehicle was
decidedly good.

George Tisdalc of Leominster, amused a large assemblage of people,
especially the ladies and children, at his table, where he was busily
engaged in Glass 'Blowing, to the great enjoyment of all who had the
satisfaction of seeing him.

Messrs. Dow & Starbuck had upon exhibition a very large variety
of Heating and Cooking Apparatus, consisting of ten Stoves and one
Furnace. A very prominent feature of this collection was the celebra-
ted Peerless Cooking Stove, which took the gold modal at the Paris
Exposition in 1867. This Stove, so far as finish is concerned, is the
most wonderful specimen of workmanship in this line which we have
ever seen, and Stoves of this make which are put upon sale, though
not so elaborate in outside finish, are still, marvels of neatness, while
all their working parts are exact duplicates of this beautiful Stove,
having been cast from the same patterns. They also exhibited their
New Peerless Furnace, which is said to contain more valuable points
than any other Furnace yet offered to the public. This Furnace pos-
sesses an unusually large amount of radiating surface, is very strong

MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES. 41

and durable in construction, and is adapted to low cellars, and has the
additional merit of cheapness in price.

We cxa?nined the collection of Stoves belonging to Geo. ]}. Knowl-
ton, of Fitchburg, with a good degree of pleasure, and although sick-
ness i^revented his making the display which ho desired to, we are con-
vinced that the collection which he exhibited had many excellent points
of merit. Their castings were beautiful in finish, excellent in design,
and are said to combine all the valuable requisites of the best inven-
tions in these directions. His Kadiant is .a beauty, and our wife says
they arc handsome, and she wants one. Mr. Knowlton also exhibited
a splendid collection of Hardware in the upper hall, which was decid-
edly attractive.

Among the collection of W. E. Henry & Co., of Fitchburg, was
the celebrated American Cook Stove, which received twenty-one First
Premiums in 1870, and also took the First Premium at the late New
England Fair at Lowell. This result could only have been achieved
by a meritorious invention. Their collection also embraced the Hot
Blast Oriental, which has a double radiator in its base, and is a good
thing for cold feet in cold weather. Another improvement possessed
by this Stove is, its heating or baking oven, situated upon its back.
These Stoves are very ornamental.

Messrs. Brown & Libby, of Lowell, showed a Shingle Planer, whicli
promises to give us again the old shaved shingle which used to last forty
or fifty years, and at a cost but a mere trifle, if anything, above that
of the common sawed shingle. It produces shingles of even thickness,
true taper, and a superior finished surface, and, it is claimed, at the
rate of twenty or thirty thousand per day. It is certainly a very val-
uable invention.

John B. Farnsworth showed a new Steam Trap for ren^oving water
condensed in steam pipes. This Trap is automatic, and seems to do
its work well.

Haskins Pneumatic Alarm Co , of Fitchburg, exhibited a very novel
and extensive assortment of Alarms for light-houses, sailing vessels, de-
tection of leaks in ships, factory signals, railroad flag-men, police ofli-
cers, and indeed for almost every purpose that needs an alarm or signal.

One large machine, rocking back and forth, was designed for light-
houses, reefs, etc., and produced first a shrill Avhistle, and then a hor-
rible bray, which could be heard for miles.

A pair of neatly designed and finished machines, operated by a
crank-wheel, one furnished with a horn, and the other with a whistle,
are for use on board vessels in fog, or in a factory, or shop requiring a
signal, operated by compressed air, which is the medium employed to
produce the sound in all the Alarms.

One small upright hand pump was the author of a dying wail through
a flexible tube, which was suflicicntly piercing to penetrate the thickest
fog London ever felt.

Several fancifully decorated and tasty instruments exhibited, were
also for use upon sailing vessels in thick weather, to warn approaching
vessels, and lessen the larire number of casualties at sea, and. besides

42 MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES.

saving the breath of the operator, they are far raore powerful than those
horns sounded by the mouth.

Flags for railroad crossing men were shown, which, when induced,
gave forth a sharp sound of warning of the approaching train. Whis-
tles put in operation by the foot, and many other instruments of sound
were displayed.

In addition to the numerous Alarms, the Co. had one of George F.
Blake & Go's large Steam Force and Fire Pumps on exhibition, and
also furnished a smaller one for feeding the boiler, aquariums, etc.,
they having lately entered into the manufiicture of this celebrated and
excellent pump. A better working pump was never exhibited than the
one quietly forcing the water (from the artesian well sunk near the
spot) into the boiler, against the ninety pounds pressure of steam per
square inch, and at the same time mildly feeding the noble trout in the
aquariums, and giving drink to the thirsty Burleigh Drill. Besides
the manufacture, the card over the pump informed that the company
turn their especial attention to repairing steam pumps of all makes.
Certainly their exhibition was a good one, and the committee ac-
knowledged its appreciation by a handsome gratuity.

In passing through the hall, it was our pleasure to come suddenly
upon a shoe manufactory, in full working order, and, upon inquiry, we
found that our friends, E. M. Dickinson & Co., had removed some of
their famous Pegging and Sewing Machines down to the Fair, in order
that the public might see the process by which the soles of shoes are
sewed and pegged by machinery. These machines are perfect won-
ders, driving from 700 to 800 pegs, and making from 300 to 400
stitches per minute, and doing their work in the most perfect manner
— actually driving pegs better than can be done by hand, because
every peg is driven home, without being broken.

The New England Machine Co. had upon exhibition one of their
new Pattern Planers, upon which they claim many important improve-
ments. One of these is an improved cap, or bonnet, for protecting
the rolls from clogging with shavings, which causes indentation upon
the stock while being planed. This is a desirable feature in such a
machine, and one which will bo appreciated. AVe understand that
this same machine is now upon exhibition at the Fair of the American
Institute at Xew York. We wish our friends much success in its
manufacture.

The Kollstonc Machine Works, which are noted for the large variety
and excellent quality of their wood-working machines, had, upon this
occasion, a very fine collection, embracing one of their Patent Ward-
well Sawing Machines, a Band Saw, a Planer, and a Gauge Lathe
with Kilburn's Patent Shave Knife attachment, and one of their Flint's
Patent Self-setting Saw Mills.

The Wardwell Patent Saw Bench is well known. They have made
several hundred of them, and they are running in nearly every part of
the world. This Machine carries two Saws, (^a cutting-off and a split-
tino; saw) in a swinoinir frame. Thev are so arranged that each can
bo instantly changed for the other, and can be instantly set for cross-

MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES. 4^3

'cutting or grooving, rabbiting or splitting upon any angle desirable, and
all its work is done in the most perfect manner.

This Machine is said to be equal to the fourth man, in a pattern or
cabinet shop, where three men are employed. Next came their im-
proved Band Saw, with its Steel Belt Saw, running nearly one mile a
minute. This Machine, for many kinds of work, takes the place of a
Jig Saw, and will do the work of nearly six such machines. This Ma-
chine has many improvements which are very desirable. Among them
may be mentioned an arrangement for lubricating the back edge of the
Saw, thereby preventing the great wear which is so troublesome in
most machines of this nature. They have, also, the table so arranged
that it can be tipped and set at any inclination desired for sawing ail
sorts of bevels.

The operator is also protected from injury by the breaking of saws,
by suitable guards or shields arranged over the path of the saw. Next
came their Patent Chair or Gauge Lathe with Kilburn's Patent Shav-
ing Knife attachment. This lathe was in charge of Mr. L. Brown,
who turned a large number of handles for a lamp chimney cleaner, of
which pattern he has made over thirty thousand and has nearly as many
more to make. It is enough to say of this machine that it does its
work in every way superior to, and much fast(y than hand work, doing
nearly the work of six men and finishing the surface in the best possi-
ble manner. For nicety of finish, the work which this lathe produces
is in advance of any -we have ever seen.

Next came the Revolving Bed Planer, of which we are informed
there are nearly fifty running in this vicinity. This is a very valuable
machine and this company have succeeded in bringing it to a great
degree of perfection. Some of these machines have planed a thousand
feet of boards in eleven minutes and have done their work in a very
creditable manner. These machines have their solid Three Knife Steel
Cylinder for which a patent is now pending, an improvement which is
found upon no other machine. They are also arranged so as to entirely
obviate the difl&culty of clipping the ends of the boards, by which
upon most machines a large amount of lumber is spoiled.

They had also upon exhibition one of their Patent Self oiling Pul-
leys, which run from four months to a year with once oiling.

Last, but not least, came their Flint's Patent Self-setting Saw Mill,
and here space fails to allow us to do justice to this novel invention.
SuflBce it to say that it has a new method of clamping and securing the
logs between powerful jaws ; and when the log is in position, it will
saw it all into boards without being turned, or going through any
more preliminaries. This 3Iacbine took tl^e Silver Medal at tlie late
New England Fair at Lowell.

Among the articles considered worthy of a premium, your committee-
award the following :

To Burleigh Bock Drill Co.. for 2 Drills, S5 00

RoUstono M.v^hhr^ Co , f\>r Flint's Saw-mill. "5 00

44 MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES.

KolLstone Machine Co., Gauge Lathe,

Self-oiling Pulley,
New England Machine Co., for Wood Planer,

'* " 2 Aquariums,

Haskins Pneumatic Alarm Co., for Pneumatic Machines,
Union Mach. Co., for Steam Fire Engine and Hose Carriage,
Fitchburg Machine Co., for Compound Planer,

*' " Improved Upright Drill,

Union Stone Co., for Emery Wheel and Oil Stone,
C. M. Robbins, for specimens of Book-binding,
G. B. Knowlton, Hardware,
L. D. Wheeler, for Tornado Fan Blowers,

" " Washing Machines,

Broiler (grt),
Milton Bowker, for Tobacco Cutter,
E. F. Knight, for AVindow Fastener,
A. C. Kinney, for Cement Pipe,
Q. A. Henry, for Model Stationary Engine,
L. W. Merriam, for Shingling Brackets,
Clements & Hawks, for Belt Clamp,
Charles Fessenden, for best exhibition of Harness,
W. H. Allen, best specimen of Fine Harness,
S. G-. Frost, for Harnesses,

E.M.Dickinson & Co., Ladies', Misses' and Children's Shoes,
* Pierce & Chapman, for exhibition of Boots and Shoes,
J. P Sawtelle, for exhibition Boots and Shoes,
Dr. T. Palmer, for best specimen of Dental" work,
Lawton & Goodnow, for best Furniture,
W. H. Jewett & Co., for Pianos, 1st prem.,
Arlington Piano Co., " 2d "

Monroe Bros., for Egg Beaters and Apple Parors,
L. J. Brown, for Weed Sewing Machine,
31errill Carlton, for Singer Sewing Machine,
Mrs. M. S. West, Wilson Sewing Machine,
Hiram Knight, for Clothes Drier (gratuity),
E. J. Marsh, for Knife Cleaner,
Mrs. C. M. Kelsey, for Wooden Ware,
Albert E. Whitney, for case of Jewelry and Watches,
W. E. Henry & Co., for New American Cook Stove, ■

" " Base Burner Stove,

Dow & Starbuck, for best exhibition of Stoves and Furnaces,
C. Fessenden, for Concord Wagon,
Edwards & Stockmer, for Light Express Wagon,
A McAllister, for Mitre Box,
Cook Bros., for Horn Jewelry,
C. D. Moore & Co., for Revolving Blade Scroll Saw,

CHARLES FESSENDEN, for the Committee.

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AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 45

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEiMENTS.

The Committee appointed to award the premiums of the Worcester
North Agricultural Society, on Agricultural Im})lcment.s, have examined
those presented, and submit the following rej)ort :

MOWING MACHINES.

There were 5 Mowing Machines entered for premiums — one by the
Buckeye Mowing Machine Co., Lnproved New model B. Mower ; one
Clipper Mower by J. H. Fairbanks; one by Walter A. Wood & Co.,
Iron frame Wood Mower. J. P. Hunter had 1 one-horse and I two-
horse Sprague Mower.

We award the Buckeye Mowing Machine Co., $8 00

To J. P. Hunter, for his one and two -horse Sprague Mowers, G 00

HAY TEDDERS

Two were presented — one by the Richardson Manufacturing Co. of
Worcester, and one by J. H. Fairbanks of Fitchburg. These machines
were alike in patent and structure.

We award to the manufacturers, the Richardson Manf'g Co., 3 00

HORSE RAKES.

Two were presented — Taylor's Patent by J. H. Fairbanks, and the
Bay State Horse Rake by the Buckeye Mowing Machine Co.

We award to J. H. Fairbanks, for Taylor's Patent, 2 00

We also award to J. H. Fairbanks, for Hay Fork, 1 00

Also, to J. H. Fairbanks, for set of Haying Tools, 1 00

PLOWS.

We award to L.S. W^ebster, Northfield, for Gang and Single Plow, 2 00
To Charles G. Allen, Barre, for Lufkins Patent Swivel Plow, 5 00

One advantage of this plow is, its mould board is self-fastening and is
unfastened by the foot.

We award to Charles G. Allen, for Lufkins' Patent Sled Brake, 2 00

To S. G. Frost, for best Team Harness, 5 00

To Buckeye Mowing Machine Co., for American Cider and Wine

Mill, and for the Young American Cider and Wine Mill, 2 OO

4t3 FAXCY ARTICLE;-.

To Wriolit, Woodward & Co., for 1 Hay Cutter and 2 of F. F.

Holbrook & Co's Swivel Plows, 2 00

To J. P, Hunter, for Horse Hoe, combining the qualities of a
double mould board plow with those of the most approved
horse hoes and cultivators, 2 00

Respectfully submitted,

SOLON CARTER.

FANCY ARTICLES.

The Committee on Fancy Articles make the following report :
They have awarded :

To Mrs. J. E. Gassett, Fitchburg, for Ottoman Cover, §1 00

Sarah T. Howe, Sterling, for Affghan, 2 50

Mrs. C. S. Houghton, Leominster, Crochet Rug, 50

Mrs. Calvin E. Sawtelle, Fitchburg, 2 Bed Spreads, 1 50
Miss Abbie Bohonan, Fitch., Braided Mat and Drawn Rag Mat.l 25

Mrs. M. S. Clark, Fitchburg, Drawn Rag Mat, ^ 1 00

Mrs. H. B. Dyer, " Rug, 1 00

J. F. Kendall, '^ Quilt, 75

Mrs. B. W. West, " Ottoman Cover, 2 00

Mrs. George "Woods, Leominster, Sofa Pillow. 1 00

Miss Ella T. Wright, '' Pin Cushion, 75

Hattie D. Upton, Fitchburg, 2 Crotchet Sacques, 37

Mrs. Clarence Kenney, Leominster, 4 Worsted Tidies, 87

Mrs. Harriet Withington, Fitchburg, Drawn Rag Mat, S7

Miss Betsey Woods, Leominster, pair of Shell-work Hose. 25

3Irs. Johanna Kinsman, Fitchburg, 2 Crotchet Scarfs, 87

Mrs. George Woods, Leominster, 2 Tidies, 87

Jennie A. Goodrich, Fitchburg, Tidy, 37

Miss Ella Wright, Leomin.ster, Tatting Work. 87

Mrs. George Woods, *' Tidy, 37

"Carrie Howarth, Fitchburg, 2 Lamp Mats, 25

Mrs. H. A. Dickson, Fitchburg, Cushion, Mats and Tidies, 1 25

Miss Ella Wright, Leominster, specimens of Fret work, 75

Sarah A. Mirick, Princeton, Tidy, 50
Hattie E. Miles, Fitch., Chair Back and Seat, and Toilet Set, 87

Mrs. M. E. Chipman, Fitchburg, Tidy, 25

Josie E. Carleton, " Lamp Mat and Tidy, 65
Nellie A. Wyman, *' Case Bird's Eggs, 72 varieties, 75

Carrie J. Works, " Feather Chairs, 25

Clara Goodale, Lancaster, Knit Counterpane, 75

J. E. Monroe, Fitchburg, 4 cases of Insects, 1 50

FINE ARTS. 47

Mrs. I. White, Ashb'in, Shell Box & Hdk'f with transfM work, 87
Mrs. M. Fox, Bib and Tidy, 65

Paul Greenwood, Fitchburg, 2 Stuffed Squirrels, 25

A. J. Woodbury, " Collection of Lizards, etc., 25

J. A. Pendergrast, " Specimens of Corsets, 25

Mrs. E. J. Gerry, '* Hair Work, 1 00

The coramittce have instructed me to say that if a larger sum had
been placed at their disposal they should in many instances have
awarded larger premiums.

GILES H WHITNEY. Chairman.

FINE ARTS.

The Committee on Fine Arts make the followino; awards

o

To Miss Helen F.Priest, Sterling, coll. Wax Fruit and Flowers, 84 00

Albert E. Whitney, Fitchburg, exhibition of Pictures, 3 00

Miss Mary L. Dennis, *' Masonic Emblem in W^ax, 1 00

Mrs. Clarence Kenney, Leora., Wax Cross and Anchor, 1 50

Mrs. B. W. West, Fitchburg, Wax Autumn Leaves, 50

Mrs. J. M. Carpenter, Fitchburg, Worsted Wreath, 50

Mrs A. C. Kinney, Fitchburg, Worsted Wreath, 50

OIL PAINTINGS.

lat prem, to Miss Katie S. Burrage, Leominster, 4 00

2d '* Miss Lydia A. Hadley, Leominster, 2 00

CRAYON DRAWINGS.

1st prem. to Miss E. M. Lowe, Fitchbnrg, 3 00

2d " Mrs. J. S. Barrows, " 2 00

PENCIL DRAWINGS.

Ist prem. to Herbert Adams (12 years of age), Fitchburg, 2 00
2d " R. F. Rice, 1 00

GRATUITIES.

To Emma S. Miller, Fitchburg, Water Color Painting, 50

A. M. Hilton, " Crayons and Grecian Painting, 1 50

Harry Snow (9 J years of age), Fitchburg, Oil Painting, 50
Abbie E. Conn, Crayon, *' Bonaparte's Retreat from Moscow," 50

Louisa Knapp, Fitchburg, Crayons, 75

Ella S. Wright, " Crayon, 50

Jennie F. Colony, Fitch., Oil & Water Color Paintings, 50

L. H. BRADFORD, Chairman.

48 APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

The Committee on Apples, Peaches, Plums and Quinces, report as
follows :

APPLES.

12 varieties of 5 specimens each :

1st prem. to C. C. Boyden, Leominster, Harris on Insects.

6 varieties of .5 specimens each :

1st prem. to Geo. Woods, Leominster,
2d " G. P. Hawkins, Fitchburg,

3 varieties of 5 specimens each :

1st prem. to Levi Kendall, Fitchburg,
2d " John Kilgore,

Best exhibition of 12 specimens Baldwins :

1st prem, to C. C. Boyden, Leominster,
2d *' E. Graham, Lunenburg,

Hubbardston Non-such :

1st prem. to Eph'm Graham, Lunenburg,
2d " C. C. Boyden, Leominster,

R. I. Greenings :

1st prem, to Dr. Jabez Fisher, Fitchburg,
2d " Geo. Woods, Leominster,

Roxbury Russets :

1st prem. to C. C. Boyden, l^eominster, 1 00

GRATUITIES.

To Wm. Emory, Fitchburg, for Apples, 25

J. G. Day, Leominster, for Cranberries, 50

PEACHES

1st prem. for best collection, to Porter Piper, Loom., Harris on Bisects,
1st prem. for best dish, to Samuel D. Plielps, Fitchburg, 2 00)

PLUMS.

1st prem. for best dish, to Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham, 1 00

QUINCES.

1st prem. for best dish, to Charles Flagg, Sterling, 1 00

2d " " Porter Piper, Leominster, 50

WM. B. HOSMER, for the Committee.

$2
1

00
50

1

1

50
00

1

00
50

1

00
50

1

00
50

PEARS AND GRAPES. 49

PEARS AND GRAPES.

It will readily be conceded by all that in fruit culture, the apple is
the most important fruit cultivated in the New England States, but as
that for several years past has proved a partial failure, much more
attention has been given to the cultivation of the pear ; forty years ago
three or four pear trees were found in the garden of the wealthy far-
mer and frer|uently two of them would be seedlings bearing inferior
fruit, but now nearly every mechanic's garden has a larger number in
the little plot that surrounds his unpretending cottage, of the choicest
kinds. The professional Pomologist now has acres of Pear trees
in a single plot ; in the territory embraced l^y the Worcester North
Agricultural Society the pear crop the present season, has been abun-
dant and of excellent quality, perhaps not surpassed in Worcester
County.

The pear (Pyrus Communis) of botanists, is a near relative of the
Prince of American fruits, the apple, (Pyrus Malus,) but like many
families, differs in type of character ; the apple is satisfied to live^
thrive a long lifetime on common food, be useful in its day and genera-
tion with common attention paid it, while the pear is a gross feeder, on
highly-seasoned, nitrogenous food, requiring constant attention to pro-
mote its growth and guard it from common enemies and those peculiar
to itself.

The home of the pear was Syria, thence transplanted into Egypt,
Greece and Italy, where it was cultivated and the best kinds named
after the Emperors, as the Tiberian from the Emperor Tiberius ; the
Falernian and more recently, the Eergamot, formerly spelled " Bey,'*
a Turkish Governor, and " Armond," a pear ; it is supposed the
Romans introduced it into England during their possession of that
Island ; the Paradise of Pear propagation for the last two centuries has
been Belgium.

American Pomologists have produced the Seckel, Dix and
others^ unsurpassed, and are now rearing seedlings of much promise ;
being indigenous to the soil of New England and subject to its varied
climate, we may hope for a new era in pear culture among us.

Probably more money has been worse than lost in this State and
especially in "Worcester County in the purchase, and attempts to prop-
agate the pear than any other production since the delirious fever of
'* Morus Multicaulis."

In planting a pear orchard the first requisite is to select a soil natu-
rally suitable to pear culture, good drainage, in u sheltered location
from winds and storms, trenched or subsoiled down to a stiff loam and
put into good tilth ; next will be the selection of trees to commence an
orchard, and the kinds best suited for home use or an adjacent market,
that will ripen from July to the middle of the winter, which experience

50 PEARS AND GRAPES.

has taught will grow and ripen good crops in Mas-sachusetts soil and
climate ; for profit not over ten or twelve kinds sbould bo planted ; as
dwarfs and half standards on quince have proved failures, select
trees on Pear seedling roots ; perhaps, a few kinds may be doubly
worked. Head or prune back the shoots so as to form a symmetrical
top, cleanse the bark of the Pearbark louse (Lecanium Pyri) and the
scurfy Bark louse (Aspidictus furfurus) so that the young shoots shall
not be covered with such parasites so soon as a bud swells into a tender
shoot.

We say to planters, do not order trees from self-constituted tree
agents roaming through New England with colored pictures of fruits,
for it is a common practice of such to take orders of men ignorant of
Pomology at certain prices for certain kinds to be delivered at some
future time ; the agent gets his hundreds or even thousands subscribed
for, he then goes to some large nursery at a distance, contracts for cer-
tain rows of trees left standing after all the marketable trees have been
culled out, takes them up, sits down with his order-book, labels his trees
with such names as are ordered, delivers his trees, takes his money and
that is the last seen of him, as he prefers a new field for the next oper-
ation ; the buyer rarely detects the cheat, as most of the trees die ; but,
forsooth, should a tree live it will be some three or four years before
the scurvy bush produces the first specimen, and the huyer finds he
was sold. Planter, go to some honorable nurseryman, (for some such
there are,) select your trees, see they are properly taken up, leaving as
long a tap root as possible (for the Almighty made a taproot for a pur-
pose) take the advice of the nurseryman, plant your trees and hold him
responsible for quality of trees and kinds of fruit, — succeed, 'and enjoy
a thrifty, fruit-producing Pear orchard, the fruit ripening in succession
through the entire season, and of the best kinds that Massachusetts can
produce, with as ruddy a bloom as Eve blushed when Adam first spoke
to her in Paradise before she meddled with the fruit business.

The Committee on Pears and Grapos make the following awards :

PEARS.

12 varieties 5 each :

1st prem. to Alvah Crocker, Fitchburg, HojtIs o:h Insects.

2d " A. B. Holden, Westminster, S2 00

6 varieties o each :

1st prom, to J. M. TwitchcU, Fitchburg, 2 00

2d " Dr. II. II. Erigbam, '' 1 50

•5 varieties o each :

1st prem. to Dr. Geo. Jewctt, Fitchburg, 1 50

2d " Walter Hey wood, " 3 00

PEARS AND (IKAPES. 51

Best exhibition 12 specimens Bartletts :

1st prem. to Alvah Crocker, Fitchburg, 1 00

2d " Geo. S. Houghton, " 50

1st pretn. for Seckels, to Walter Heywood, Fitchburg, 1 00

2(i *' " E. Graham, Lunenburg, 50

1st prem. for Flemish Beauty, to J. M. Twitchell, Fitchburg, 1 00

2d *' " J. Pierce, Fitchburg, 50

1st prem. for Duchess, to E. Graham, Lunenburg, 1 00

2d " " Dr. H. H. Brigham, Fitchburg, 50

1st prem. for Louise Bonne de Jersoy, A. B. Holden, Westminster, 1 00

2d " " " G. S. Houghton, Fitch., 50

1st prem, for Lawrence, to Dr. Geo. Jewett, Fitchburg, 1 00

2d '' " Alvah Crocker, " 50

1st prem. for Beurre d'Anjou, to Dr. H. H. Brigham, Fitch,, 1 00

2d - " A. Crocker, Fitchburg, 50

1st piem. for Sheldon, to A. Crocker, Fitchburg, 1 00

2d •' - Dr. Geo. Jewett, " 50

GRAPES.

Best disi)lay of Native Grapes :

1st prem. to E. T. Miles, Fitchburg, 5 00

2d " Dr. Geo. Jewett, " ?> 00

Best 6 clusters l.-^raella :

1st prcra. to James Houghton, Lunenburg, 1 00

2d " G. S. Houghton, Fitchburg, 50

Best 6 clusters Concord :

1st prom, to Dr. J. Fisher^ Fitchburg, 1 00

2d " M. S. Heath, Lunenburg, 50

Best C clusters Delaware :

1st prem. to M. S. Heath, Lunenburg, 1 00

2d /' Dr. T. Palmer, Fitchburg,, 50

GRATUITIES ON PEARS.

To Dr. J. Fisher, Fitchbur-, on Bartletts, 50

G. F. Nutting, •' " B. Bosc, 50

J. B. Wood, " Pears. 50

J. M. Sawtell, " " 50
Dr. H. H. Brigham, Fitchburg, Swan's Orange and Seckels, 1 00

B. F. Hall, Leominster, for Pears, '^^^

G. 8. Houjrhton, Fitchbiir<r, for Duchess, 50

52 BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, PRESERVES, &C.

GRATUITIES ON GRAPES.

To Dr. H. H. Brigham, for Foreign Grapes, 1 00

Gratuity to M. S. Heath, Lunenburg, for Blackberries, 50

JAMES BENNETT, Chairman oj Committee,

FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

ASSORTED FRUITS.

1st prem. to Mrs. Geo. S. Hougbton, Fitcbburg, $2 00

Only one specimen offered.

PLANTS IN rOTS.

1st prem. to J. M. Sawtell, Fitcbburg, $2 00

2d " Jos. Jackson, " 1 00

NAMED PLANTS IN POTS.

1st prem. for best 3 named Plants in Pots, Jos. Jackson, Fitcb., 2 00

2d '' " " J. M. Sawtell, " 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.

1st prem. for be^t display Cut Flowers, to J. M. Sawtell, Fitch., 2 00

1st prem. for best 5 named x\sters, to Mrs. Geo. S. Houghton, 2 00

1st prem. for best 5 named Dahlias, to J. M. Sawtell, Fitch., 2 00

2d " " •• " 1 00

1st prem. on 5 best Verbenas, to J. M. Sawtell, Fitcbburg, 2 00

2d '' *• '-' '• •' 1 00

1st prem. on best pair Parlor Bouquets, to J. M. Sawtell, Fitch. 2 00
1st prem. on best pair Hand Bouquets, Mrs. G. S. Houghton, 2 00

Your committee have the pleasure to report unanimously on the
awards as above.

M. T. GARDNER, Chairman.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLiB, PRESERVES, &c.

The Committee on Bread, Butter, &c., award as follows :

WHITE BREAD.

1st prem. to Miss Lucy Kilburn, Lunenburg, $2 00

2d *■* Miss Emma F. Kimball, Fitcbburg, 1 00

3d " Miss A. Richardson, N. Leominster, 50

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, PRESERVES, &C. 53

BROWN BREAD.

1st prem. to Miss Lucy Kilburn, Lunenburg, 2 00

2d " Miss A. Richardson, N. Leominster, 1 00

3d " Miss Hattie Hay ward, Fitchburg, 50

LUMP BUTTER.

1st prem. to Mrs. S. G. Mirick, Princeton, 4 OO

2d " E. Bird, Leominster, 3 oo

JUNE BUTTER.

1st prem. to Natban Caswell, Fitchburg, 3 00

2d '•' T. S. Wood, Westminster, 2 00

SEPTEMBER BUTTER.

1st prem. to Nathan Caswell, Fitchburg, 3 00

2d '' T. S. Wood, Westminster, 2 00

PICKLES.

1st prem. to Mrs. A. P. Whitney, Lunenburg, 75

2d " Mrs. A. J. Hubbard, Ashby, 50

JKLLIES.

1st prem. to Mrs. Wm. Woodbury, Fitchburg, 1 00

2d " Mrs. G. S. Houghton, " 75

PRESERVES.

1st prem. to Mrs. Wm. Woodbury, Fitchburg, 1 00

GRAPE JAM.

1st prem. to Mrs. A. P. Whitney, Lunenburg, 25

CANNED FRUIT.

1st prem. to Mrs. Wm. W^oodbury, Fitchburg, 1 00

2d " Mrs. G. S. Houghton, " 75

To Mrs.W. Wyman, for 2 cans of peaches dated 1867 and 18G8, 50

HONEY.

1st prem. to F. E. Cleaves, Fitchburg, • 2 00

E. B. ROCKWOOD, Chairman.

54 ROOT CROPS.

ROOT CROPS.

Your Committee chosen on Root Crops and Cabbages have attended
to their duty and submit the following report :

Whole number of entries five — one on Potatoes, by Cyrus Kilburn
of Lunenburg ; one on Carrots, by Ebenezer Bird of Leominster ; one
on Carrots by Lawrin Pratt of Fitchburg; one on Onions, and one on
Mangel Wurzels, by Mr. Pratt.

POTATOES.

Cyrus Kilburn's Potatoes, on 1 square rod of ground, 86 lbs.,

equal to 3440 lbs. to ^ acre. We award to him 1st prem., $8 00

ONIONS.

Lawrin Pratt's Onions, on 1 square rod, 24S lbs., or 4960 lbs. to
I" acre. We award to him the 1st prem., Harris on Insects.

MANGEL WURZELS.

Lawrin Pratt's Mangel Wurzels, on 1 square rod, 211 J lbs.,

or 4230 lbs. to g- acre. We award to him 1st prem., 2 00

CARROTS.

Ebenezer Bird's Carrots, on one square rod, 326 lbs., or 6520

lbs. to J acre. We award to him 1st prem., 4 00

Lawrin Pratt's Carrots, on I square rod, 174 lbs., or 3480
lbs. to i acre, did not come up to the Society's standard
weight.

Respectfully submitted,

EBENEZER BIRD, for the Committee.

Statement of Cyrus Kilburn.

POTATOES.

The crop of 1869, where my potatoes grew this year, was grass, for
which no manure was used. In 1870 it was beans, to which there was
applied 8 loads of manure per 'acre. The soil is reclaimed muck
swamp. It never was plowed before 1870, and then was plowed 8
inches deep at a cost of $4 per acre. For the potato crop twelve loads
of manurc'^were put in the hill ; value upon the field, $15. Planted,
May 20th, in hills, 12 bushels per acre of Early Rose potatoes. Cost
of seed and planting, $8 for the ^ acre. The crop had no cultivation
except cropping the weeds twice with common hoe ; cost, $2. They
were dug, Oct. 1st, with prong hoe, at a cost of $3.

SEEDLING POTATOES. 55

Statement of Lawrin Pratt.

ONIONS.

The crop of 18G9 was cabbages, which had 4 loads compost to the
^ acre. In 1870 the crop was carrots, to which 4 loads of good
manure was applied. The soil is sandy loam. It was plowed twice,
3 inches deep, for the onions, and then harrowed with a brush harrow.
Cost of plowing and harrowing, $2. Four loads of compost were spread
broadcast; value upon the ground, S8. | lb. of Yellow Danvers
Onion seed was sown in drills, April 17th. Cost of seed and sowin<y,
$3.50. Cultivated three times with hoe and hand, at a cost of $9.
They were pulled Sept. 16th. Cost of harvesting and storing, $5.

Statement of Ehenezcr Bird.

CARROTS.

The crops of 1869 and 1S70 were also carrots, to which wore applied
3 loads of common barn manure each year. The soil is a sandy loam.
For this year's crop it was plowed twice, the first time about the first of
May, and the second just before planting, the last of May. It was
then harrowed, ridged, and raked at a whole cost for preparation, of
$1.50. The manure applied was three loads, plowed in ; value upon
the ground, $3.00. Sowed, May 25th, ^ lb. Long Orange Carrot
seed, in drills 18 inches apart. Cost of seed and planting, $2.50.
The crop was hoed and wed three times at a cost of $5. They were
harvested about the 1st of November, and I consider the tops worth
enough to pay the expense.

Statement of Lawrin Pratt.

MANGEL WUBZELS.

The crop of 1869 was grass, to which no manure was applied. In
1870 the crop was ruta bagas, which had 4 loads of compost. The
soil is sandy loam. It was plowed twice, May 20th, and brush har-
rowed at a cost of $1. Four loads of manure were applied broadcast,
worth $8. Sowed \ lb. seed, in drills. May 2-2d ; cost, $1. Culti-
vated with hoe and hand twice, at a cost of $4. Pulled and cut off
the tops, Sept. 10th; cost, $2.

SEEDLING POTATOES.

The Committee on Seedling Potatoes would report that only two
specimens, by two competitors, were presented. Of these the com-
mittee took special care to investigate and ascertain their qualities as
far as circumstances would admit ; the specimens presented were cooked

56 VEGETABLES.

at the same time with several other varieties and the comparison care-
fully made ; the varieties they were tested with were the Early Rose,
Early Jackson, Vt. Garnet Chili, the Excelsior, and others now in
use ; all of which we decided to be superior to those in competition.
One of the specimens exhibited was a large red potato resembling the
Garnet Chili ; by the statement of the competitor, however, some of
them white, others spotted with white. Although the last year of the
trial, this potato was grown on dry soil or good corn land yet it had a
strong taste of the ground and did not favorably compare with the Rose
or Yt. Garnet Chili. The other specimen presented was a white potato
resembling the Early Jackson, size medium ; instead of opening mealy
and floury like the Rose it had the opposite appearance, and in our
judgment did not compare with the Jackson or Excelsior. Hence, the
committee decided that as the prize offered was comparatively large the
article presented for the prize should have a corresponding good qual-
ity, therefore the premium at present is withheld.

Now the committee recommend to the Society that the competitors
cultivate the same varieties next year, on one-eighth acre more or less,
and have them again for examination and in case they become worthy
of a prize to the Society — to the public generally — it is but justice the
competitor should receive it.

Respectfully submitted,

EPH'M GRAHAM, in hehalfof Committee.

Statement of James P. Putnam.

These Potatoes which I offer you for premium were started from the
ball in the year 1869, and the product planted again in' 1870, and
that product again in 1871, the result of which I now offer for pre-
mium. The yield the present year was two bushels. The first plant-
ino- was in black loam ; the second the same ; the third on a gravelly
loam on what I should call good corn land. The care was the same as
ordinary field care. Some of the potatoes were white and some
were red, some spotted. The size rather more than medium.

JAMES P. PUTXAM.

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables would report as follows : •

BEST COLLECTION OF KITCHEN VEGETABLES.

1st prem. to G. S. Houghton, Fitchburg, $7 00

2d " E. Bird, Leominster, ^ 00

VEGETABLES. 57

To xV. Crocker, Fitcbburg. gratuity, 1 00

Lyman Nichols. " " 1 00

A. P. Goodrich, " " 1 00

GARDEN SEEDS.

2d preni. to Geo. Billings, Lunenburg, 3 00

COLLECTION OF POTATOES.

1st prem. to Nathan Caswell, Fitcbburg, 2 00

2d " Alden Derby, Leominster, 1 00

MARROW SQUASHES.

1st prem. to E. T. Willard, Ashby, 1 00

2d " A. J. Hubbard, Fitcbburg, 50

HUBBARD SQUASHES.

1st prem. to A. P. Goodrich, Fitcbburg, 1 00

2d " Lawrin Pratt, Fitcbburg, 50

PUMPKINS.

1st prem. to A. P. Goodrich, Fitcbburg, 75

CABBAGES.

1st prem. to Lawrin Pratt, Fitcbburg, 75

2d '' E. T. Miles, " 50

CAULIFLOWERS,

1st prem. to A. Crocker, Fitcbburg, 75

CELERY.

1st prem. to S. Sawyer, Fitcbburg, 75

2d " ^Ivab Crocker, " 50

0>'IONS.

1st prem. to E. T. Miles, Fitcbburg, 75

2d " Thomas Upton, " 50'

TURNIP BEETS.

1st prem. to A. Sawyer, Fitcbburg, 75

2d " A. P. Whitney, Lunenburg,

ENGLISH TURNIPS.

1st prem. to Benj. Safford, Fitcbburg, 50

2d - Jacob Haskell, " 25

58 GRAIN.

TOMATOES.

1st prem. to Jacob Haskell, Fitchburg, 50

2d •' Lyman Nichols, " 25

BEANS.

1st prem. to Fred. Goodrich, Fitchbufg, 50

SEED CORN.

1st prem. to A. B. Damcn, Fitchburg, 1 00

2d " G. S. Houghton, " 75

GRATUITIES.

To A. P. Whitney, Lunenburg, for Seed Corn, 50
C. Kilburn, Lunenburg, for Melons, 1 00

Geo. Billings, ** Pop Corn, 50

A. P. Goodrich, Fitchburg, for Turban Squash, 1 00

J. P. Putnam, " ♦' 50

G. S. Pratt, '' " 50

C. H. Burnap, Ashby, for Potatoes, 50

James Mclntire, Fitchburg, " 50

M. Willard, Ashburnham, '' 50

Franklin Nourse, Sterling, for Seed Corn, 50

Thomas S. Boutwell, Mammoth Squash, 50

D. C. MILES, Acting Chairman.

GRAIN.

The Committee on Grain have awarded the following premiums and
submit their Report as follows, to wit :

It appears that there has been a great falling off of competitors from
former years in regard to growing corn, as well as the other cereals ;
whether this be a wise or unwise course for farmers in Worcester North
to take has not thus far been very satisfactorily settled.

The whole number of entries made is seven :

One field Corn by Joseph Goodrich, Lunenburg.
'• Luther Page, "

" Jas. P. Putnam, Fitchburg.

" Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg.

One field Oats by Luther Page, "

" Wheat by Cyrus Kilburn, "
" Rye, by Jas. P. Putnam, Fitchburg.

GRAIN.

59

In determining the amount of corn grown per acre the followin<y
mode was adopted : an average square rod was elected from each
field and the quantity thus taken was dried, shelled and weighed, Dec.
4th ; the number of pounds from each square rod being multiplied by
IGO was acknowledged to be the weight per acre of each field. For
convenience, we here exhibit a Table giving the weight of ears, also
that of shelled corn, shrinkage, &c.

The field entered by

No. hills

No. ears

VVt.ears

Wt.shl'd

Wtcob

VVt.shNo. bu.

per

per

per

corn per

per

corn

per

sq. rod.

sq . rod.

sq. rod.

sq. rod.

sq.rod.

pr acre

acre.

Mr. Kilburn,

42

134

24

19i

4*

3120

55-^

Mr. Putnam,

2-'i

83

24f

iOf

0

3300

58^^

Mr. Page,

271

147

38i

3U

6

5200

92«

Mr. Goodrich,

27

181

47^

41^

5*

6660

llSfJ

Mr. Kilburn's Wheat,

9

1440

20

Mr. Putnam's Rye,

12^

2000

35

Mr. Page's Oats,

151

24S0

771

For farther information in regard to the above fields the reader is
referred to competitors' statements found on other pages of the " Tran-
sactions."

Hence, we award the following premiums :

FIELD CORN.

let prera. to Joseph Goodrich, Lunenburg,
2d ♦* Luther Page,

FIELD WHEAT,

1st prem. to Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg,

FIELD RYE.

Lst prem. to J. P. Putnam, Fitchburg,

FIELD OATS.

I'st prem. to Luther Page, Lunenburg,

$10 00

8 00

10 00

4 00

4 00

It appears from the statements of the competitors that the average
cost of growing an acre of corn does not exceed $35.00, and the value
of manure and fertilizers about the same, making the gross amounts
$70,00 and the cash value of the same $100.00. This question has
received no small amount of discussion. One farmer who has been
successful in growing corn feels quite sure that his field has not cost so
much labor or manure as it would had he cultivated the same
with Sworle's turnips, and it is fiir the most valuable to feed to stock :

60

GRAIN.

aaother exparienced and scieatific farmer will tell us — has told us — of
the enormous amount of turnips taken from an acre of light soil by
using a few loads of compost manure scraped up from the barn-yard
and applying 4 or 5 cwt. of superphosphate ; and from his own obser-
vation and experience it is much the best and. cheapest feed for horses
as well as for milch cows and working oxen ; propably corn growing is
the forte of the one and turnips that of the other. But where is the
proof on either side ? None has been shown. Having had some expe-
rience ourselves in growing both corn and turnips, having also gleaned
pretty carefully from those of large experience, we venture to make a
few figures showing the relative money value of each, also the compar-
ative value of the other cereals, and the value of hay compared with
other crops. Suppose we take the corn crop as the basis and we shall
not come very far from the truth when we say that the cost of labor
and manure for an acre of corn is the same in value as that of growing
an acre of turnips ; again, it is reasonable to suppose that a field that
will produce 1000 bushels of turnips, or 25 tons=50,000 lbs., will
give 80 bushels of corn, or 4480 lbs.=2^ tons. The turnip abounds
more in water than any other root. We have from the tables of Prof.
Johnson, Agricultural College, as follows : —

Wheat.

Kye.

Corn.

Turnips.

Mead. hay.

Water,

' 15 .

12

12

86

16

Starch,

42

40

40

7

4

Gum and Sugar,

9

14

6

2

12

Nitrogenous Substances,

15

13

17

\h

7

Oil,

2

3

9

1.

3

Woody fiber,

15

IG

14

2

50

Ash,

2

2

2

1

8

100

100

100

100

100

Therefore we see by the above table, if it be correct, and there is no
evidence that it is otherwise, that the milking and fLittening properties
of corn are to the turnip as 72 to 11, but we have 50,000 lbs. turnip
to 4480 lbs. of corn, or 25 tons of turnips to 2 J of corn ; now 11 per
cent, of the turnip — the other 89 per cent, being water, woody fiber,
&c., and of no value — being multiplied by 50,000 gives 5,500 lbs. of
turnip per acre of real money value, and by estimating the price of corn
at $1.75 per 100 lbs., or IJ cents per lb, we have 5,500 lbs. at IJ
cents=|96.25, to which add the value of the tops, estimated by growers
generally from $3.00 to $5.00, and we have in round numbers, $100
as the value of the turnip crop per acre ; and by the same reasoning we
have the value of the corn, whole weight 4480 lbs., 28 percent, being
of no value, leaving 72 per cent, of valuable material, and this multi-
plied by the number of lbs. per acre, 4480,=3225 at 1 j=$56.43 ;
now we suppose that an acre of land that will produce 80 bushels of
corn will yield at least 2 tons of stover, which if well cared for is worth

GRAIN. til

(this year,) $40.00, wliich added, gives the gross amount ^'JG.43,
showing a slight difference in fovor of the turnip.

If we assume 25 tons of turnips per acre, it is just to say that oO
bushels of wheat can be grown on the same or similar soil of equal
tilth, at GO lbs. per bushel, =1«SOO. Five bushels of wheat usually
will yield 1 bbl. flour, hence an acre at that rate would give G bbls.
flour, at S10.50=$Go.OO, to which we add tlie value of the middlings,
GOO lbs. at IJ cts.=rS9.00, also the value of the straw, 1 ton, $20. (»b,
making in the aggregate, $92.00, being about as much less in value
than the otlier crops as the cost of cultivation.

It is plain that llye for soiling may bo and is a profitable crop, as it
can be grown and used at a season when we have nothing else. A
piece of greensward that is run out for grass, plowed in August and
manured with some fertilizer, as leached ashes or superphosphate, giv-
ing the young roots a strong foothold to withstand the freezings and
thawings of winter, and an early start the following spring, if the sea-
son is favorable the crop is ready to cut by 20th of May or 1st of June,
and the field may be cleared of this crop in June and another crop be
sown or planted for soiling ; when the second crop is removed, first of
September, with another dressing of manure or some fertilizer, the land
may again be in good tilth for another crop ; thus two crops may be
taken for soiling provided we replenish liberally with manures or fertil-
izers. The Rye crop we consider a profitable one where the soil is suit-
able, as the straw readily sells at nearly the price of good hay.

Another class of crops used for feeding, being the foundation of all
others, is the grasses ; these contain when made into hay some 14 or
15 per cent, of water; in the green state before drying, some SO per
cent. The dry part consists largely of woody fibre, say oO per cent. ;
besides this there are valuable (Quantities of nutritious bodies, gum,
sugar, oil, &c., to the amount of 26 per cent, in meadow hay ; the
amount in English hay not stated in the table.

The time of cutting has much to do with the nutritive value of hay ;
when the leaves and stems are green they contain large quantities of
sugar and gum which as they ripen are changed into woody fibre, and
every experienced farmer well knows that large portions of these are
lost before they are fed ; hence, after grass has attained its full size and
height, it loses large portions of its nutritious qualities by delay of cut-
ting. It wa^ a rule of the milk producers of Middlesex County, (Con-
cord and Lexington), years ago, if harvesting the crop was delayed so
late that the stalk above the upper joint could not be easily separated
from the sheath, and the lower part of it become contracted and with-
ered, the hay would not produce its full ({uantity of milk.

A question here presents itself whether it is more economical for the
farmers in Worcester Xorth to employ labor at the present high
prices to hoe corn and grow roots, or to spread the manure that is
produced from a given grass field, every year upon the same, and grow
good Timothy and Red Top.

What has been said in relation to early cut hay, the same occurs in
the straw of grains and corn stalks ; if they are cut ten days before the

(52 GRAIN.

o-rain is ripe, their quality fo: foe(i:ii,>- is groatly improve J compared
To what they would have been if cut when fully ripe. This, with the
quality and quantity of grain, show.^ a double advantage of early cut-
ting.

Careful experiuients have shown, with regard to wheat, that when
cut twelve or fourteen days before fully rip?, the grain not only weighs
heavier, but actually measures more,— better in quality, producing a
larger proportion of fine flour per bushed. When the grain is in milk,
it has comparatively a small amount of woody fiber ; nearly the whole
is o-um, sugar and starch, with a large per cent, of water. If cut ten
or°twelve days before fully ripe, the proportion of woody fiber is still
small ; but as the grain ripens, the thickness of the skin rapidly in-
creases, at the expense of t&e sugar and gum ; these, of couse, must
diminish in a corresponding degree, and the quality of the grain is of
course injured ; and what is true of wheat, we may readily suppose is
the case with other grain.

The remark is frequently made, that, to grow a good crop of any
(^rain, or root crop, the first work of importance is, good work done
with the plow. This, of course, is important, still, we believe another
branch of farmino- — yet. however, in its infancy — underlies it, and that
is, field drainrge.

\Vc don't believe in the doctrine of the " old Scotch farmer," who
said, " verily, I believe the whole airth should be drained," neither
of beino- at the expense of following the views of some of our fancy
farmers'; that is, to undertake to drain dry land, for the sake of making
it- j^,(-,;st— which is really true. The question, then, comes, what lands
need drahiaoe'r Every observing, thoughtful, progressive farmer, how-
ever voun?, may have noticed in his mowing fields what is known by
the name of hand-pod, or five-finger ; or fine meadow-grass, instead of
our own good old Timothy. Eedtop, or, in fact, any of these aquatic,
water-lovino- grasses, indicates cold water at a short distance below the
surface , finally, if wo are suspicious of stagnant water near the surface,
a pretty safe rule is to make a few shafts in the field, three feet deep
or so, and note the rise and fall of water in the pools after a heavy rain
or thaw, and in ease the water leaves the pools in a day or so. it is evi-
dence that the roots of plants will not be injured by stagnant water.
But if water remains in the pools a foot or two deep till late in Spring,
or midsummer, rest assured the roots of plants will suffer, unless the
water bo remove<;l by underdralnlng ; ond what we mean by this is, a
drain Irora three to three and a half feet deep, and completely covered.
Drains left uncovered, aro nuisances; although they draw off the water
a few years, they become filled up from the falling down of earth on
citlier side and other rubbish, and are again required to be cleaned
out; otherwise they don't perform their office. Afide from this, either
sidc'of the ditch becomes a complete harbor for weeds, thistles, and
<.ther rubbish, thus losing the use of a strip of land at least half a rod
wide the whole length of'the drain. Another "kind of drain that ans-
wcr.q very well fof a few years \f^, to dump th^ .stone into the ditch at
ra'ndo-n and Kvcl off t!ie field. This kind or(lra!n was made by the

GRAIN. 63

writer some thirty years years iigo, l)ut in fifteen years l)ecaine worth-
less, and has since been relaid at about the same cost as at first ; so
we infer that either of the above methods are loose ways of farming.
When drains are properly constructed, that is, with stone at the bot-
tom from six to eight inches in diameter, and covered with good flat
stone, leaving an aperture from six to eight inches square, ami the re-
mainder filled to within twelve or fifteen inches of the surface with
small stone and earth, the water that falls upon the soil does not remain
in, on on the surface, to stagnate, or run away over the surface, wash-
ing away the best of the soil; but gradually sinks down, carrying witli
it the fertilizing substances from the surface, for the nourishment of
plants, and with with it we may say, gives air and warmth, both es-
sential to the growth of plants. Under these new influences, the soil
becomes dry and warm, and plants, as we have reason to believe, flour-
ish, which would never grow on it to perfection, if they grew at all.
It is a fact, too, that such soils resist drought better than before. And
for the simple reason that the plants are better able to send down theii'
roots in search of food, without ever finding anything poi.sonous or
hurtful ; every part is penetrated with air, and conserjuently drier and
lighter. Such effects cannot be expected, however, the first year, in a
wet, clayey subsoil ; the change is gradual, but sure. We venture to
say that large portions of manure, or fertilizers applied to cold, wet,
clayey soils are not of so much value by fifty or seventy-five per cent.,
as on the same soil when properly drained.

We here suggest a method for growing a field of corn, on a piece of
grass land intended for that purpose next Spring. Commence at once
by drawing out manure from the barn cellar, and broadcast Uhe same,
until we have the reipired (Quantity for the field. Next Spring, have
the field plowed at a proper time, and planted as soon as the season
will permit, using a certain amount of bone meal, or superphosphate
upon the surface, for the purpose of giving the seed an early start, and
forcing the plant through June. We see no reason why a field of corn
may not be grown at much less expense than the common way of draw-
ing out the manure in the Spring, when " work drives," and when,
perhaps, hay and labor are bought at high prices.

We have alluded to plowing, and what we would be Understood by
the term is, that the whole sod should be moved at a proper and uni-
form depth, and width ; — the whole sod completely turned. But what
observing farmer has not noticed plowing to be done " in this wise:"' —
in the first instance the implement used was one entirely unfit for the
work, and perhaps the plowman the same , consef[uently, there will be
places where the sod is cut fourteen or fifteen inches wide, and two-
thirds of it turned, and the other one-third unmoved. Other places,
the scd. perhaps, is' cut for several feet from two to three inches deep,
and again the point of the plow,or what should be the point, runs upon
the surface as many more feet, and then plunges into the soil to the full
extent, leaving the sod " tilted up" edgewise, to be levelled with the
so*callcd plowing by the harrow. Now, it is clear to our minds that
bad plowing cannot be remedied by harrowing, hoeing, or any other

64 GRAIN.

field work, as there will be places in the soil that will not be moved ;
consequently, we find in the soil hard, sterile places that Cannot be
penetrated by the small rootlets of the plants. They work and struggle
on for a while, "but finally droop and die : so there is nothing gainedj
but much lost, by inefficient plowing. Therefore, it is hoped that the
Trustees of Worcester North Agricultural Society will again put the
plowing back into the fields, and not only offer prizes to men, oxen
and horses, for good plowing, but to boys and steers also.

Every practical former very well knows, as a general rule, that soils
should not be moved by the plow wnen wet ; more especially so when
the subsoil is clayey. After plowing; when the surface becomes dry
and crumbly, the field should be harrowed, using " Shares Harrow"
for the purpose of breaking the lump, and leaving a smoot, even sur-
face.

The question is sometimes asked if plowing serves to enrich the soil.
In answer, we reply that frequent plowing serves to produce a disinte-
gration of the particles, and make the soil more porous ; thus giving
free admission of air into the soil, charged with moisture, as it serves
as a fertilizer, and thus hastens the crop, which is frequently of much
importance, especially to the market gardener, when he can have his
crop ready for the market three days sooner, the extra price of his crop
perhaps would amply remunerate him for plowing his lands two or
three times ; and so again by having a field of corn ready to harvest
a week sooner, might save the whole field from being destroyed by an
early frost.

A dcQp and thorough pulverization of the soil is neceesary to the
germination of the seed, and the ready extension of the roots in the soil.
If the soil is lumpy and coarse, and does not come in close contact wtth
the seed, to keep moist, the seed can't germinate, the roots ccm't ex-
tend in search of food, nor can this food be prepared and transmitted
to the plants, unless the soil is so pulverized as to permit the freo cir-
culation of air and moisture through its interstices, and through its
mass. As before stated, the, air and dews being charged with elements
of fertility, the more porous the earth is made, the more easily are these
elements conveyed to the seed.

Generally, we believe that farmeib- do not use such care in selecting
and planting seed as is necessar3% and from this cause, and from hav-
ing the soil so ill prepared to receive it that a very large per cent, does
not germinate, and the part that does is of a half starved and sickly
kind. In selecting seed of any of the cereals, if the grain is threshed
by machines and the seed used for sowing or planting, we unquestion-
ably get a large per cent, of half grown, shriveled seed, unfit for
planting. By this mode of selecting seed, and having the soil half
plowed and harrowed, we may expect to reap a half-grown harvest ;
but when the grain is lightly threshed by the flail, or only half the
seed shelled out, to be used for that purpose, we may expect to have
large, healthy, plump seed, such as will germinate and produce a full
crop of grain, requiring no more labor, or manure, in the cultivation,,
than the poor, sickly, half-grown crop. Again, we believe that

GRAIN. 66

small seedB are frequently too deeply planted ; the seed, after being
flown, requires air, warmth, and moisture, by which the seed under-
goes some change, and on swelling, a young, tender root bursts forth
from the shell, and, in obedience to the laws of gravitation, goes down-
ward in search of food, while at the same time a stalk shoots up to-
wards the surface, to form the plant. These small roots that first make
their appearance, are fine and delicate, they move downward for food
to nourish the young plant, hence the food for roots thus tender should
be sweet and nutritious, and if it be not found, the plant droops and
withers, perhaps dies ; or if it be found only in small quantities, and
of an insipid kind, it produces a poor, sickly plant ; or, if the soil be
hard and lumpy from bad plowing, and does not come in contact with
the young roots, we have only a half-starved plant, or tree. Here
again the importance of thorough plowing, and a deep pulverization of
soils

The question has again and again been discussed at Farmers' Clubs
and elsewhere, in regard to the quantity of seed to be sown, or planted,
upon a given quantity of ground. But, after all every farmer must
be his own judge, as it depends upon many circumstances, such as the
kind of soil, its tilth, pulverization, tScc, and again, the (|uality of the
seed. When the seeds are plump and healthy, and the soil well
plaughed and well prepared, otherwise, a much less amount of seed
should be used ; as we notice in two of the competitors the present
year in growing corn, while the competitor having the greater yield had
the less number of hills per rod, or as nine to fourteen ; the competitor
having the greater amount of corn estimates, the stover at about two
tons, while the other judges he has from four to five ; so that the gain
of the one, or the loss of the other is not so great as at first appears.
For the Committee,

EPH'M GRAHAM, Chairman.

Statement of Luther Page.

CORN.

The crop of the tield on which my corn was raised was grass in 1800,
with no manure. The land was plowed in 1S69 six inches deep, and
planted to corn in 1870, with fifteen loads of good compost manure to
the acre. The surface soil is mostly yellow loam, with clay subsoil.

It was plowed once this Spring, six inches deep, well harrowed, and
furrowed three feet apart, one way only. The co.st of plowing and
other preparation was S7.150. Fifteen cords of good compost were
spread, and a small handful of phosphate was put in each hill. The
value of the manure for both seasons was 875.00. Planted by hand
from the middle to the last of May, with Carter and Groton eight-
rowed yellow corn. The co.st of seed and planting, was $3.50. It
was worked with culivator, twice, at a cost, including weeding and thin-
ning, of S9.7o. The most of the crop was cut and stooked, the re-

5

66 (UtAIN.

maiader topped about September 8th to 10th. Cost of harvesting,
storing and husking, $9.00.

Statement of Cyrus Kilhurn.

WHEAT.

The soil of the acre upon which my Wheat was raised, is a clayey
loam. The crop in 1809 was grass, to which no manure was applied,
la 1870, the crop was winter wheat, which had sixteen loads of barn
manure. It was plowed twice, six inches deep, and the seed was
washed and ashed before sowing. The cost of plowing and other prep-
aration was $6.00. For the crop of 1871, twenty loads, thirty bushels
each, compost munure, were spread and plowed in. The value of the
manure upon the ground was $25.00. The seed (Blue Stem Winter
AYheat) was sown the 20th of September. Cost of seed and sowing,
$7.00. The crop was cradled the middle of July. Cost of harvest-
ing and threshing, $10.00. The weight of straw was one ton, and of
grain, 1440 lbs. The sowing was delayed a full fortnight, on account
of extremely dry weather, which was very unfavorable for the crop.

Statement of J. P. Putnam.

RYE.

The soil on which my rye grew, is a gravelly loam. The crop of
1869 was corn, which had seventeen loads, thirty bushels each, of good
manure, per acre. The crop of 1870 was oats, to which no manure
was applied. After harvesting the oats, the land was plowed, in Au-
gust, eight inches deep, and then harrowed, at a cost of $5 per acre.
One hundred and fifty bushels leached ashes were spread, at a cost of
$22.50 per acre. The seed was 1 1-2 bushels of White Winter Rye
per acre, which, including sowing, cost $2.87. The crop was mowed
and bound in July, at a cost, including threshing, of $12 per acre.
The weight of straw was 3320 lbs., and of grain, 1960 lbs. per acre.

Statement of Luther Page.

OATS.

The soil on which my oats grew *s clayey. The crops of 1869 and
1870 were grass, with no manure. It was plowed six inches deep the
first week in May, 1871, and then thoroughly harrowed at a cost of
$7.50. Twenty loads of rich compost manure were spread broadcast,
worth upon the field, $40. It was sown on the 4th of May, with 2 J
bushels of Black New Brunswick Oats. The co.st of seed and sowing
was $4.50. The crop was mowed August 11th, a large part of them
being badly lodged a few days before cutting. Tlio cost of harvesting
and threshing was $12. The weight of straw was 4000 lbs., and of
grain, 2470 lbs. per acre.

l»KAU ORCHARDS. 67

PEAR ORCHARDS.

If one would succeed in Pear-growing, he must not only have an
interest in, but a desire and taste for it. Simply because Mr. A or
Mr. B., or some other Pear-grower, by his study, perseverance and
hard work lias succooded and acquired a livelihood by growing pears,
it is no index that another individual will succeed by transplanting the
best of trees in soil well adapted to their growth, without farther exer-
tions on his part.

Therefore, we would say to the young farmer, or pear-grower, that
the first matter of importance is suitable soil ; and as far as our ob-
servation goes, we would avoid hungry, gravelly, or sandy soils. Low,
sunken and swampy grounds are also to be excluded. We have no-
ticed pears to make very good growth, and appear to do well on allu-
vial soils, for d few years, and then almort entirely fail. As a general
rule, then, wo would say, select a surface soil of black loam and clay,
or clayey subsoil, which should be thoroughly underdrained, either
naturally or artificially ; and what wo would be understood by thor-
ough underdraining is, in case the subsoil is very tenacious, the drains
should not be less than three feet deep, perhaps three and a half would
be better, and at such distances that the water shall find easy access to
the drains ; for so sure as the roots of pear trees come in contact with
stagnant water, just so sure is it death to the tree. A safe rule would
be to make a few excavations in different parts of the field, to the depth
of three and a half feet after underdraining and before trans-
planting. Carefully notice the rise and fall of water in the pits
after heavy rains, and in case the water leaves the pits in a day or so,
we conclude that pears may be put out with safety.

As it regards aspect, various views are entertained ; many prefer a
northern exposure, believing that they avoid the danger of late or
Spring frosts injuring the blossoms ; others choosing a southern, or
south-western exposure. Our own opinion is, as far north as Worces-
ter County, the field should have a southern slope, and protected from
the north and north-west winds by buildings, or other trees. To shel-
ter an orchard from prevailing winds, is often of more consequence
than the aspect ; for pear trees, when laden with fruit, will suffer
more from heavy storms of wind than from late frosts. Hence, if no
natural protection exists it is well to plant evergreens that are of rapid
growth, such as pines, or Norway spruce, to guard that part of the or-
chard where protection is most needed. Perhaps a more economical
way would be to transplant three rows of peach trees, the first row the
same year the pears are put out, the others a year or two afterward.
As peach trees are comparatively shostlived, after the first row has done
its work, new ones might take their places, and thus a new row trans-
planted as often as needed ; thus always giving protection to the pear
orchard by peach trees that would always pay the expense.

Varieties. It is well known to those even that have had only small
experience, that the pear is capricious ; this year it will, next, it wont,
the .same variety in the same soil. That a Flemish Beauty, or a Seckel

68 PEAR ORCHARDS.

will be produced in perfection in one soil, while a mile distant, and
in one of precisely similar appearance, they fail to be anything more
than second rate, is a mystery that has puzzled those of large experi-
ence, and even mocked all investigation.

The same may be said, in some respects, in regard to the Apple.
The writer says he can't grow the Rhode Island Greening on his soil,
while just across the valley, at a distance of three miles, in soil appa-
rently similar, it is grown almost to perfection.

In case we intend to grow Pears for profit, it is unwise to make it a
point to grow ninety-nine varieties ; as that practice has already, in
many cases, proved a failure. Hence, decide in the first place the
kinds best adapted to your soil, if possible. A member of this
committee having tried a few varieties, and succeeded so well in grow-
ing both wood and fruit, has come to the conclusion that the kinds
adapted to his soil are the Bartlett and Seckel, as standards, which
should be set eighteen feet apart, and Duchesse between. In another
locality, however, perhaps in the same iieighborbood, the Belle Lucrative
and Beurre d'Anjou, or the Lawrence and Sheldon, as standards, and
the Bonne d'Jersey might excel the Duchesse.

Now, to remedy the evil of being at so much expense in planting
trees, and in a few years being obliged to re-set with other varieties, a
Farmers' Club should be formed in every town, and each farmer who
intends to grow Pears set one or more of each kind of the different va-
rieties, and notice the result, discuss the subject freely in regard to
soils, varieties, locations, &c., and repoi^ tlie same to the meetings of
the Club, and also to the County Societies. This would, in a few years,
enable parties to make better selection of fruit, and much uncertainty
that now exists would be avoided ; and in this way, too, it would be
ascertained, to some extent, at lea?t, the kinds best adapted to partic-
ular soils and localities.

PLOWING AND CnOPPIXG.

To succeed in growing Pears, deep and thorough plowing is of vital
importance. Two years before transplanting, the field should be plow-
ed at least an inch deeper tiian at any former plowing, and the subsoil
plow should follow in the same furrow, as deep as circumstances will
permit, and the field supplied with a liberal dressing of barn manure,
and cultivated with some hoed crop. The succeeding year the field
should again be plowed as befure, that is, one inch deeper, and sub-
soiled as' deep as practicable. By this operation, we deepen the soil
some two inches; the field again being dressed with a supply of good
yard manure thoroughly incorporated in the soil. This mode of plow-
in"- is exDen^ive, we are aware, but labor is saved in the^cnd, as it su-
persedes the necessity of digging liolos for the trees, at the expense of
about $00 per acie.

From our own personal observation, we are satisfied that with noth-
ing short of de-^p plowing and a thorough pulverization of the soils,
will the planter meet witli success. The old adage is, '• work once

PEAR ORCIIAUDS. GO

well done is twice clone," and so, the field properly worked is not pre-
pared only for one or two years, but for a life-time. Now, if the soil
can be loosened to the depth of eighteen or twenty inches or more, and
we think in the majoriry of cases it may be, it should by all means bo
done ; for, a hole dug in the earth, especially where the soil is of close
texture, is a cistern ; this being filled with fine loam, or compost, re-
tains the water, and when it becomes stagnant, it has* an injurious ef-
fect upon the roots. Hence the tree becomes less and less valuable,
until it is the cause of absolute injury. If the hole is deeper than the
rest of the field is loosened, the lower part of it will retain the water,
and cause an unhealthy action upon the roots in it ; but if the earth is
loosened over the whole field as low as the bottom of the hole, the stag-
nant water will flow off.

SELECTION OF TREES.

In selecting trees^for transplanting, an eye should be had to the di-
ameter of the iree, instead of the height. Choose those that have made
their last year's growth stochj, without regard to height ; yet, when a
nursery-man, or troe-peddler is making his yearly visits in taking or-
ders, when inquired of in regard to size, he will at once speak of their
great height, which, in our estimation, instead of being a very good
recommendation, is a very weak one, and should not be regarded a
safe rule by the planter. Trees of stocky growth, and well supplied
with good roots, are of more consequence than long, slender stems,
even v/ith good heads.

MANURING AND MULCHING.

Says Mr. Quinn, — " There is no part of the work of Pear-growing
so little understood as that of furnishing the proper kind of manure,
and in the right direction. Young Pear-trees are often killed by over
kindness in placing large quantities of coarse, strong, unfermented
manure in the holes at the time of planting, and around the bodies of
the trees. It should be distinctly understood that both of these prac-
tices are likely to be an injury to the welfare of young trees. It is ad-
mitted that unfermented manure of any kind should not come in con-
tact with a young tree."

Says Mr. Barry, — " Every garden should have its manure heap
in such condition that in the fall, or spring, when it comes to be used, it
will cut WkQ paste: In that state only is it safe to apply it. All parts of
it then are thoroughly decomposed ; all seeds of noxious weeds are then
dead, and it is in condition capable of yielding at once to theroots of grow-
ing plants healtby nutrition that will produce a vigorous, sound and
/n«V/?«/^rMr^/i, and this is precisely what is wanted ; far better to
have a young tree starved and stunted, than forced into a rank and
plethoric growth with crude, ill-prepared manure. We presume that
what the Nomologists would be understood to mean in this connection
in regard to green, unfermented manure is, that it should not be used

70 PEAR ORCHARDS.

in the holes at the time of planting. After this time we see no reason
why green or unfermented manure may not be liberally spread broad-
cast on the surface. For the roots of young trees are not nourished by
eating manure, but by drinking in of the liquid, after being filtered
through the soil. We are of the opinion that the liquid portion of ma-
nure, after being drained through the soils, be it ever so green and
unfermented, is in fit condition to be used as plant food.

Mr. Poor, of Somerville, says : " After twenty years' experience in
growing Pears, I am satisfied that any reasonable amount of manure
will not prove injurious to Pear trees three or four years old.

PRUNING TREES.

Mr. Downing recommends fall and winter pruning for fruit trees,
without regard to kind. Although this may be regarded as high au-
thority, yet our experience and observation controverts this theory.
It has of late come under our observation in regard to the Pear, as
well as the Apple, that a wound made in winter causes the limb to
check, and usully " dies down'^ for some distance, thus producing a
cavity between the wood and bark, and requiring a new cut to be made
in April, or as soon as the sap begins to ascend, instead of a cavity-
being formed between the bark and wood, there was a protuberance,
of bulofing out of new wood, formino; a rinsr between the bark and
wood. A layer of gum-shellac, or thick paint, applied at the time the
cut is made, serves to prevent checking, and hastens the growth, or
protuberance of new wood.

For the Committee,

EPFFxAI GPwVHAM, Chairman.

The Chairman of this Committee, Eph'm Grraham, Esq.. being him-
self a competitor for the premiums, did not act with the other members
of the Committee in deciding upon the awards until they had unani-
mously decided to give him the first premium, and afterwards the whole
committe decided upon the second premium, viz :,

For the best Pear Orchard of not less than fifty trees, all having been
set after January 1st, 1S66, we award to Ephraim Graham,
of Lunenburg, the first premium of $2-5.00

To Geo. S. Houghton, of Fitchburg, second premium of 10 00

The Committee desire to speak in commendation of the Pear Or-
chard of Capt Amos B. Holden, of Westminster, who has shown great
ability and success under adverse circumstances, in the cultivation of
many varieties of this luscious fruit, nud they regret that another pre-
mium is not at their disposal, that they might show their appreciation
of his efforts in this direction. Still, they are of the opinion that he
allowed too much fruit to remain upon his young trees, to ripen.

The town of Westminster, from its exposed situation, is not considj
cred congenial to Fruit cultivation, yet Mr. Holden, in the opinion of
one, at least, of the Committee, from his garden plat, must have gath-

FARMS. 71

cred more than one hundred bushels of pears, in good condition, and
in the highest state of perfectiop, and among them some varieties not
successfully cultivated in this part of the county.

L. 31. BRADFORD.

J. A. MARSHALL.

FARMS.

The Committee appointed by the Trustees, in 18G9, to award tlie
Premiums of the Society for the best cnltivated Farms for the years-
1869-70-71, submit the following report :

That only two Farms were entered to compete for the Society's pre-
miums; one by Daniel S. Eaton of Fitchburg, the other by Aldert
Derby of Leominster, These Farms have been visited by your Com-
mittee annually and inspected in their various departments, that we
miojht have a o-eneral knowledo;e of their manaojement. But the two
farms are so dissimilar and require a management so unlike each other,
thai we shall be excused for entering more minutely into detail. Mr.
Eaton's farm contains sixty acres and is well fenced with stone-walls,
and is managed by his own labor, and when he finds it necessary to
have some additional help, he exchanges and w^orks for his help to pay
them, so that no part of the income of his farm has to be appropriated
to pay running expenses for labor, which circumstance is of very rare
occurrence nowadays. He has imearthed the boulders and smaller
stones from his fields, made the rough places smooth in his mowing lots,
so that the Mower will run to advantage on all his grass lots, with a
very small exception. He cultivates wheat, barley, Indian corn, pota-
toes, turnips, beets, and other vegetables, keeps his fields clean of
weeds, keeps four or five cows, makes butte^ for the market, has au
apple orchard, keeps swine, some for market, also about three dozen
hens, selling one hundred dollars w^orth of eggs in a year, has pears,
grapes and peaches, sufficient for his family use.

Living on "Alpine Hill," any one looking around from his stand-
point might suppose him to be " monarch of all he surveys." We
noticed a nice field of German Sweet Turnips growing beside Ruta
Bagas ; the Sweet Turnips are much more thrifty than the Bagas,
showing a decided superiority over them, with the same culture. Also,
"we noticed this year a prolific field of the Common Flat Turnips adjoin-
ing the above.

We might go on and make an extended report of Mr. Eaton's farm-
ing operations; but his written statement accompanying this Report,
will amply suffice.

Mr. Derby's Farm contains about one hundred and seven acres and
is managed in a manner that requires much extra help. Mr. Derby is

72 FARMS.

reclaijning a large swamp, by ditching extensively, that is covered with
bushes that " require more hands than his to lop their wanton growth."
He raises potatoes for the early market, and cabbages, carrots, beets,
the best for the market, the poorer qualities for his cows, about a dozen
in number, that are kept for the sale of their milk. He has adopted
the practice of soiling them. In the warm weather he lets them run
a few hours in the pasture, then puts them in his barn and feeds them
with green fodder, such as early cut rye, fodder corn, refuse cabbages
and leaves, beet tops, &c., as they come to growth. We noticed two
acres of winter rye sown for next spring's feed, two acres of fodder
corn, two acres of cabba,gjGs, the bast for market, the smaller heads
and leaves for forage. By this method of feeding, he makes large
quantities of manure to fertilize his fields which he has cleared of stones
at a considerable outlay. He cultivates the strawberry and other small
fruits, cuts about thirty tons of hay yearly, raises his own wheat for
flour and often has many bushels for sale.

Your Committee called upon each of the competitors to make a
written statement of their farming operations somewhat in detail.
They have responded by submitting their statements to us. Their
statements do not show us exactly a Cash Balance for their operations,
which is a desideratum in Farming accounts. For example. Mr,
Derby shows the number of tons of hay he cuts, bat the hay is con-
sumed to make milk and butter.

Accompanying this Report are the statements of the competitors
which will render a more detailed report from us unneoessary.

We make the awards as follows :

1st prem. to Alden Derby, Ljominster, $50 00

2d '■ Daniel S. Elton, Fitchburg, 25 00

All of which is re-;p33LfaUy submitted,

CYRUS KILBURN, for the Committee.

Statement of Alden Derby.

To the Committee on Farms :

Gentlemen : My Farm contains 107 acres. About 30 are in
shape to cultivate; 20 acres pretty good pasture; oO acres poor, run-
<}\xt pasture producing bat little feed, and 27 acres swamp, good for
nothing at present for farm purposes. When I commenced here six
years ago, I adopted "mixed" farming with stock and dairy takmg
lead. I was convinced that we could not depend upon our old pas-
tures which had been cropped year after year by milch cows, without
having anything returned to them, for a profitable supply of summer
fodder for our stock. Two systems presented themselves for consider-
ation ; one, to plow, seed, mow twj or three years, then pasture, then

FARMS. 73

;plow again aiiJ go on as before. This would rotpire the farm to be
fenced off into fields. The other was soiling, by which I could save
manure and dispense with cross fences. I chose the latter, to be
adopted as soon as I could get my land into shape to warrant it. L
have tried it the past season and like it. Here let me say, I think
that on our dairy or milk farms, in this section where tlie greater part
of the land can be plowed, soiling will be practised at no distant time.

Writers on soiling have recommended green corn to be fed exclu-
sively in its season. I believe this to be a mistake. So far as ray
experience goes, cattle cannot be well kept for any length of time on
corn alone. 1 would feed p3r day, three times green corn, once dry
bay, once green oats, clover or cabbage, according to sea.son. Next
spring I shall begin to feed rye as soon as it is a foot high, then pas-
ture while feed is good, then feed oats, corn, cob, &c., in the barn.

I have at present for stock, ten cows, seven heifers and calves, two
oxen, a horse, about a dozen swine, &c. I raise my best heiftpr calves
using Ayrshire to cross with Native. Have been using Essex swine
to cross with Native ; find them fiw ahead of anything ever had before.
I raise potatoes, cabbages, winter v/heat, rye, oats and corn for fodder,
and a supply of garden truck for family use. Wheat in 1870 yielded
thirty bushels per acre ; in 1871 got winter-killed, cut it for hay.

This farm, like many others, had numerous stone walls running in
every direction, without regard to order or shape of fields, of double
and treble thickness, and lined with brush and briers. As soiling was
my object, I have taken every opportunity to remove these and have
nearly all the inside ones cleared off. I have cleared nine acres of old
pasture, at a cost for plowing and getting out and drawing off stone,
of from $lo to $100 per acre. I have now about thirty acres that I
can cultivate. Believe in having land in such shape that it can be
thoroughly stirred ; first drained, either naturally or artificially, then
thoroughly cultivated ; then we get full benefit of our manure. Drain-
age, manure, thorough cultivation, are the three great things. I ha ve
made plans to drain my swamp and commenced, but no results y et,
only a beginning. I shall use tile ; have used stone to drain portions
of upland, but it is too expensive, and withal unsatisfactory.

My gro.ss receipts for 1870, were $2748.34 ; for 1871, $27".C».S2.
Paid for labor, 1870, $70G.62 ; for 1871, $920.71.

Finally, gentlemen, to fix up a run down farm, with poor buddmgs,
without capital to start with, is up hill work, but to remove an old
wall, to clear up a field of brush, to dig and blast out stone and make
everything smooth, to drain a swamp producing nothing but brush,
frogs, niosr|uitoes, snakes and all sorts of filth and slime, to make it
produce three tons good hay per acre each year, has for me a peculiar
charm which can be found in no other department of labor, and besides,
iit must pay in the long run.

I am truly yours,

ALDEN DERBY.

74 FARMS.

Statement of D. S. Eaton.

To the Committee:

My Farm, which was eutercd for premium in 1869, contains
60 acres; about 24 in mowing and tillage, 26 in pasture, and 10 in
woodland. I cut, on an average, about twenty tons of hay, using
Wood's one-horse mower on all but about one acre. I usually have
some surplus hay to sell. I raise about twenty bushels of wheat annu-
ally, called Coffee wheat, and generally corn enough for family use
and for fattening my swine. I have raised none this year, however,
believing that when a ton of hay will buy a ton of meal, it is better to
sell hay and buy meal.

Last fall I plowed 1;^ acres of greensward, and this spring put on
about thirty loads of manure to the acre, harrowed and sowed -j, acre
with grass seed and barley, from which I threshed twenty-six bushels
of barley. The remainder I plowed this spring, manured, and sowed
15 rods with Swedish turnips from which I raised seventy -six bushels.
The rest I planted with Early Eose potatoes which yielded me ninety
bushels. In June I broke np an acre of grass ground, manured and
planted -J of an acre with fodder corn from which I raised a heavy crop.
July 20th I manured and sowed English turnips on ^ of an acre, and
harvested twenty-five bushels. I cultivate garden vegetables enough
for home consumption, and some for the market.

I keep four cows, a yoke of steers, two or three other young cattle,
and one horse ; also, about three dozen hens from which I sell about
$100 worth of eggs per year. I feed theui with refuse fish from the
market, in addition to their otner food.

I commenced, after haying in 18G9, to ditch and level about an
acre of rough mowing, plowed the knolls, took out the stones and left
it on account of heavy rains. In August, 1870, I finished ditching
and leveling, spread on a coat of manure and sand and seeded to
grass. This year I cut two heavy crops from it.

I have removed boulders enough from my fields to lay about 20 rods
of wall, and as I had no place of my own to build, I gave them to
my neighbors. I have taken out the last stone that was in the way of
the mower. As I have no muck, I use sand instead mixed with
manure, and think it works well on most of my clay-bottom land. I
hire no help, but do my own work by exchanging with neighbors.

My gross sales for 1861) were $423.. 30 ; for 1870, $801.94 ; for
1871, about 1400.00.

EcspectfuUy yours,

DANIEL S. EATON.

committees' reports.
COMMITTEES' REPORTS.

75.

;xtenJed reports, would

The Comiuitteo to award premiums for
respectfully submit the following awards :

1st prem. to Eph'm Graham, Lunciib'g, fur report oii Grain, $10 00-
2d " L. B. Caswell, Fitchb'g, report on Thoroughbreds, ('► 00
3d " A. B. Davis, Clinton, report on Working Oxen, 4 00

The Conmiittee are gratified to find that a much larger number of
full reports than usual were presented this year and regret that they
have not money to award to several others, almost, if not (|uito, as
deserving as those for which the premiums were given.

GEO. S. HOUGHTON, for the Committee.

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS AND GRATUITIES AWARDED.

Amount awarded for Town Teams,
" Neat Stock,

$35 00
372 00'

" Horses,

620 00

" Swine,

47 00

" Sheep,

12 00

" Poultry,

19 00

" Fruits,

63 75

" Flowers,

22 00

" Vegetables,

91 2r>

" Bread,

7 00

^" Butter,

17 0(>

'' Agricultural Implem.ents,

41 00

'' 3Ianufactures,

112 75

" Other Object-^,

300 00

81750 75

The Premiums and Gratuities paid
persons, were distributed as follows :

$907 10
141 00

to one hundred and forty-twt*-

Fitchburg,

Lunenburg,

South Royalstou,

Leominster,

Princeton,

Winchendon,

Sterling,

Harvard,

10 00
134 23

65 50
30 00

20 m

3 50

Ashby,

Wilton, N. H.

Ashburnham,

Terapleton,

Barre,

Westminster,

87 50

10 00

1 87

20 00

7 00

7 00

$1424 7(^

It) treasurer's report.

Amount of Premiums offered, $2,226 75

Amount of Premiums and Gratuities awarded. 1,759 75

Amount of Premiums and Gratuities paid, 1,424 70

Valne of Pveal Estate. |; 16,000 00

JS •-> 9J

HENRY ALLISON, Treasurer,
In aocount with Worcester Nortli Agricultural Society.

1871. Dr.

Dae. 10, To cash of B. W. Eddy, shingles sold,
12, Day & Burt, use of tables,

24, Fitch. Lit. Club, do.

1871, Sept. 26, cash, admission to grounds,
" 72 dinner tickets,

" 7S seats,

27, admission to grounds,

" 68 dinner tickets,

432 seats,
Oct 9, cash of State Treasurer,

" L. Downe, rent of grounds.

" J. H. Lockey. advertising,

11 B., C. & F. R. R., tickets sold.

13 Vt. & Mass. B. B. Co., do..

19 Cheshire R. R. Co., do

entrance fees.
12 memberships.

Cash on hand,
Deficiency, about

The following named gentlemen have shown their interest in the
welfare and prosperity of the Society by donating the premiums award-
ed to them at the last Fair :

Gapt. E. T. Miles, ^^S 75

Augustus Whitman, 75 00

Lyman Nichols, ^ 31 25

John Brooks, ^^^ 00

5

00

85

676

00

72

00

i

80

1126

00

68

00

43

20

600

00

73

50

6 00

32

90

121

45

23

10

171

00

60

00

$3089

05

985

43

2S44 57

^3830

00

PRESIDENTS, ORATORS, &r. 77

There were quite a number of smaller amounts not called for, by
different members of the Society.

1871.

Jan'y 9,
Sept. 25
Oct. 3,
4,

7,
14,

Nov, 29

Dee. 6,

Or.

By ca.sli paid G. S. Houghton, (po.stagc
Prof. S. A. King, (balloon)
J. L. & II. F. Piper, (printing, 1>S70
\V. A. Carleton, (selling tickets
Horace Wood, (weigher)
H. C. Hitchcock, (labor)
D. North, (hay drawn, 1870)
Premiums,
mileage on swine,
cash on hand,

Bills due, about
Interest,

$ 7

25

300

00

s70)

li70

00

G

00

3

00

G

50

81

17

1414

70

G

00

985 43

$3089 or>

$'2:d

89 00

1,5

30 00

$38

30 00

PRESIDENTS, ORATORS & SECRETARIES

Worcester Nopth Agricultural Society.

PRESIDENTS.

1850-1.— ABEL F. ADAMS, Esq.. of Fitchburg.
1852-3.— Hon. IVEllS PHILLIPS of Fitchburg.
1854-5.— Hon. MOSES WOOD of Fitchburg.
1850-7.- THOMAS R. BOUTELLE. M. D., of Fitehbur<
1858-9.— Hon. JABEZ FISHER of Fitchburg.
18G0-1.— THOMAS BILLINGS, Esq., of Lunenburg.
1862-3.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Esq., of Fitchburg.
18G4-5.~-HoN. OHIO WHITNEY, Jr., of A.shbarnham.

1866. —JOSEPH UPTON, Esq., of Fitchburg.

1867. —JOSHUA T. EVERETT, Esq., of Princetcn.
18G8. —EUGENE T MILES, Esq., of Fitchburg.

1869. —SAMUEL OSGOOD, Esq., of Sterling.

1870. —WILLIAM WOODBURY of Fitchburg.
1871-2.— Hon. JOHN IL LOC^KEV of LeoTnin<=ter.

78 ORATORS AND SECRETARIES.

ORATORS.

1850.— Hox. CHAKLES HUDSON of Lexington.
1852.— THOMAS E. PAYSON, Esq., of Rowley.
1853.— Rev. HORATIO STERBINS of Fitchburg.
1854.— Gov. EMORY WASHBURN of Worcester.
1855— Hon. NATHANIEL P. BANKS of Waltham.
1856.— CHARLES L. FLINT, Esq., of Boston.
1857.— JUSTUS TOWFR, Esq., of Lanesborough.
1859.— Hon. GEORGE S. BOUTWELL of Groton.
I860.— Hon. GEORGE B. LORING of Salem.
I86I.--H0N. A. H. BULLOCK of Worcester.
1862.— Rev. A. N. ARNOLD, D. D., of Westboro'.
1863.— LUTHER H. TUCKER, Esq., of Albany, N. Y.
1867.— GEORGE E. TOWNE, Esq., of Fitchburg.
1868.— Hon. DANIEL NEEDHAM of Groton.
1869.— Hon. WILLIAM SPRAGUE of Rhode Island.
1870.— Hon. ALVAH CROCKER of Fitchburg.
1871— DR. JAS. R. NICHOLS of Boston.

SECRETARIES.

1850-1.— NATHAN UPHAM of Fitchburg.

1852. —JOSEPH PIERCE of Fitchburg.

1853. —CHARLES W. WILDER of Fitchburg.
1854-5— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE of Fitchburg.
1856-7— J ABEZ FISHER of Fitchburg.
1858-63— WILLIAM G. WYMAN of Fitchburg.
1864 —LEWIS H. BRADFORD off Fitchburg.
1865-6— ALYIN M. SAWYER of Fitchburg.
1867-9— LEWIS H. BRADFORD of Fitchburg.
1870.' —WALTER A. EAMES of Fitchburg.
.l^,71_2._GEO. S. HOUGHTON of Fitchburg.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS

FOR THE

TWENTIETH ANNUAL EXHIBITION,

TO BE HELD AT FITCHBURG,

Tuesday and Wednesday, September 24th and 25t}i, 1872.

No person will ba allowed to becoim a competitor for any of the
Premiums herein offered, unless he shall h<»ve made an entry for the
same, with the Secretary, within the time prescribed for each class, nor
unless he shall have furnished all required statements relating thereto,
within the specified time.

For the convenience of those who live at a distance, entries may be
made by Mail ; and all entries so made must be delivered at some post-
office oi\e day previous to the expiration of the time specified, and must
bear proof of having been so delivere I, either by postmark, or a certifi-
cate of registry from the Postmaster.

[CT'Communications for the Seci-etary should be sent to Fitchburg.

STOCK.

All entries for p:emiums under this head must be made on or before
the Friday previous to the Show, except Horses and Poultry, which
may be as late as the Mjnday previous, and all stock must be owned
by the person who enters it.

All persons who are required to furnish a statement, must do so to
the Secretary at the time of m iking the entry, and he shall post copies
on the days of exhibition.

All live stock must have been raised by the person entering the
same, or owned by him at least three months next previously, except
in the case of mis-mating oxen and horses, rendered necessary by in-
jury or disease.

Each entry of stock for the pens must specify the breed of the a ni-
mal, if known, and the ao^e.

82 PREMIUMS.

Fat cattle, working cattle, anl draught horses must hi weighed on
the scales on the grounls of the Society, and a certificate furnished the
Secretary.

The weight of all other stock will not be required.

All stock except oxen shown only in Town Teams, taken from the
grounds before 3 o'clock p m., on Wednesday without permission of
the President, shall forfeit all premiums that may have been awarded to it.

The committees on Neat Stock, Sheep, Swine and Poultry, and on
the Trials of Working Oxen, and the Plowing Match, shall make their
awards previous to 3 o'clock p. m., on Tuesday. They shall designate
the premiums with ribbons or cards, and shall make their reports to the
Secretary previous to 12 o'clock m, on Wednesday.

The Society will provide good hay for all Stock entered for premium
or exhibition during the time of the Show, and will furnish grain at
cost, to all who may require it.

Hereafter, the best animals exhibited shall be entitled to the premi-
ums, without regard to former awards.

Committee in charge of Grounds. — Hon. J. H. Lackey, Laonard
Downe.

Committee on Pedigrees. — John Brooks, Princeton ; Augustus
Whitman, Leominster ; Joel Page, Fitchburg.

Committee on Animals for Exhibition. — Ephraiin Graham of Lu-
nenburg.

Committee on Forage. — A. P. Goodrich, Fitchburg

Committee on Finance. — Jabez Fisher, Joseph Gushing. E T.
Miles, Fitchburg.

THOROUGH BRED STOCK.

Committee. — El win D. Works, Fitchburn: ; Josiah Page,. West-
minster; Merrick Wallace, Ashburnham ; John Hayward, Ashby ;
Joseph Whitney, Sterling.

SHORT HORNS, AYRSHIRES, JERSEYS, DEVONS, OR
OTHER THOROUGH BRED STOCK.

Herds consisting of One Bull and not less than Four Females, all one
year old and upwards, and owned »by the competitor for four months
preceding the show. Two premiums — $12, 8.

BULLS.

Two years old and upward.^. Two premiums — %%, 5.
One year old and under two. Two premiums — SG, 4.
Calves (under one year). Two premiu.ns — %'), 3.

PREMIIMS. 83

COWS.

Four years oil and ujj\v;iril.s. Tw* prouiii/us — S<), 4.
Three jears old and under four. Two prciiiiums — $5, 3.
Two years old and under three. Two i)remiuins — $4, 2.
One year old and under two. Two })reiniuins — $8, 2.
Calves (under one year). Two preiniuuis — $3, 2.

Competitors for premiums on niilch cows, whether for herds or sin-
gle animals, and milk heifers, will be required to certify in writing, at
the time of entry, to the weight of the mdk, or to the weight of butter,
as the case may be, durfng each of the six days commencing with the
first Monday in June, and the corresponding six days in September ;
and to the manner of keeping and general management. Cows that
calve near or after the first Monday in June, may be tried at another
time.

Competitors will be re(^uired to state the time of last calving of their
cows.

MILCH KINE.

Committee. — Samuel Osgood, Sterling; Edmund Houghton, Lu-
nenburg; John Cutter, Winchendon ; Chas. K. Sawyer, Fitcbburg ;
Timothy Lincoln, Leominster.

Herds of four cows or heifers, each. Two premiums — SIO, 7.
The committee will regard age, expense of keeping, ko.

"C'ows for butter. Two p)emiums — $5, 4.

Heifers, three years old, for butter. Two premiums — S5, 4.

Heifers, two years old, for butter. Two premiums — $4, o.

Cows, for milk. Two premiums — $5, 4.

Heifers, three years old, for milk. Two premiums — S5, 4.

Heifers, two years old, for milk. Two premiums — $4, o.

Comp3titors for prem'u ns on milch cows, whether for hords or sin-
gle animals, and milch heifers, will be required to certify in writing, at
the time of entry, to the weight of the milk, or to the weight of butter,
as the case may be, during each of the six days commencing with the
first Monday in June, and the corresponding six days in September ;
and to the manner of keeping and general management. Cows that
calve near or after the first Monda;y in June, may be tried at another
time.

Competitors will be ret^uired to state tlje time of last calving of their
cows.

HEIFERS.

Committee. — N. B. Reed. Princeton; Geo. L. Rice, Leominster;
Henry C. Hill, Gardner; Alfred R. Willard, Harvard; PMwin S.
Burnap, Fitchburg.

84 PREMIUMS.

Intended to be kept for the Dairy.

Two years old. Two premiurr.s — $4, 3.
Yearlings Two premiums — $o, 2.

HEIFER CALVES.

Committee. — Thomas Sheldon, Fitchburoj ; Geo. G. Sampson, Ash-
burn ham ; John M. Stevenson, Sterling ; Emroy Farmer, Harvard ;
AYinslow E. Bcaman, Princeton.

Calves more than four months old. Two premiums — $4, 3.
Calves more than four months old, raised by hand. Two prem-
iums—$4, 3.

Persons exhibiting calves raised by hand, shall fuinish statements to
the Secretary, of the manner of raising.

YEAKLING STEERS AND STEER CALVES.

Committee. — S. G. Mirick, Princeton ; .Jesse Foster, Ashby ; Lu-
ther Page, Lunenburg ; Stephen Ward, xVshburuham ; Luke Divol,
Westmioster.

Yearlings. Two premiums — $3, 2

Trained Yearlings. Two preniiums- — $3, 2.

Calves. Two premiums. — $Q, 4.

Calves raised by hand. Two premiums — G, 4.

Trained Calves. Two premiums — $4, 3.

Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums — S3, 2.

Persons exliibiting calves raised by \vx\v\, sliail famish a statement
to tiie Secretary of the manner of raising.

PENS OF CALVES.

Committee.---^ F. Bailey, .Joel Page, Fitchburg ; Elbridge
Johnson, Leominster ; Augustus Iiul)bard, Ashby ; Geo. Billings,
Lunenburg.

Best pen of Calves, not less than four. Two premiums — $10, 5.

Calves entered in Pens of Calves cannot compete for premiums as
single animals.

WORKING OXEN— SINGLE TEAMS.

*
Cotninittee. — Franklin Nourse, Sterling ; Geo. Howard, Ashburn-
ham ; John M. Forristal, WiiKthendon ; Joseph Cozzens, Leominster ;
E. A. Goodrich. Fitehbarw •

PilEMIlM^. 85

Working Oxen. Five preinluins — $7, ('), .">, 4. .'>.
Best Minor Teamsters. Two preniiunis — $.">, 3.

The Working Oxen will be tried attached to loa l.s wei;^liing includ-
ing tlie cart, one-third more tliaii themselves.

WORKING OXKN AN!) lIOUSi<:.

Gommiltee. — D. C. Miles, Westminster ; Herbert 1). Goodrich,
Silas Pratt, Fitchburg ; W. W. Bonson, Princeton; Geo. H. (Jrout,
Leominster,

Working Oxen and Horse. Two premiums — $7, 5.
Best Minor Teamster. Two premiums — 'Ir5, 3.

The working oxen and horse teatns will be tried atracheil to a stone
boat loaded to erjual, including the stone boat, the weiglit of the team.

STEERS MORE THAX TWO YKARS OLD.

Committee. — Josiah Puffer, Harvard ; Geo Woods, Leominster ;
Hosea M. Caswell, Fitchburg ; Geo. Kendall. Sterling; E. W. Gill,
Princeton.

Three years old. Two premiums — $5, 4.
Best Minor Teamster. Two premiums — $4, -.

The three years old steers will be attached to carts and tried like the
oxen on the same ground ; the cart and load to equal the steers in
weight.

Two years old. Two premiums — S4, 3.
Trained two years old. Two premiums — S4, 2.
Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums — $•), '1.

FAT CATTLE.

a>/?^m^V/ee.— Samuel F. Whitney, Harvard ; Abel Derby, Fitch-
burg; Cephas Derby, Leominster; Chas. Flagg Sterling; Benj.
Wyman, Westminster.

Best fat Ox. Two premiums— 88, 5.

Best fat Cow. Two premiums— 156, 3.

Best fat Steer or Heifer. Two premiums— :?t3, 4.

All competitors with fat cattle must furnish a statement to the Sec-
retary, of the mode and expense of feeding.

SWINE.

Commutee.—VfixmiA Putnam, Levi White, Lunenbur|; W. C-
Upton, Fitchburg ; Ephraim Johnson, Leomnister ; A. W. benjamm,
Westminster.

86 PREMIUMS.

Mu-t be entered like other stock.

Boars more than one year old. Two premiums — S4, 3.

Less than one year old. Two premiums — $8, '2.

Best Fat Hogs, having regard to age. Two premiunis — S8. 4.

Fat Pigs less than eight months old. Two premiums — $4, 2.

Breeding Sows. Two premiums — S8, 4.

Weaned Pigs, not less than four. Two premiums — S4, 2.

All Swine, and each litter of Pigs, will be allowed fifteen cents-
mileasre for each mile more than two, that they are brouirht.

SHEEP.

Committee — Nathan Caswell, Fitchburg ; John G. Woodward,
Ashburnham ; F. B. Harrington. Leominster ; John Fairbanks-,
Lunenburg ; Joseph Whitcomb, Princeton.

Flocks. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Bucks. Two premiums — S5, 3.
Cossets. Two premiums — ^2, 1.
Flocks of Lambs. Two premiums — S4, 2.

Flocks of sheep mu.st contain at least six, owmed by one person-
Lambs less than six months old cannot compete as sheep.

POULTRY.

Committee. — Stillman Hayncs, Fitchburg; S. A. Tisdale, l>eomi! -
ster ; H. Marcellus Heywood, J^terling ; W. A. Oarleton, Fitchburg:,
Aaron P. Whitney, Lunenburg.

Must be entered like other stock.
Barnyard fowls, not less than three.

Brahmas. Two premiums — $2, 1.

Black Spnnish. Two premiums — $2, I.

White Leghorns. Two premiums — $2, I.

Any other breed. Two premiuiris — 82 1.

Turkeys, not less than three. Two premiuins — S8 2.

Geese, not less than three. Two premiums — $3, 2.

Ducks, not less than thn^e. Two premiums — $3, 2.

TOWN TEAMS

Committee. — Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg ; Antipas Maynard, Ash-
burnham ; Moses B. Heywood, Sterling; Edwin Gates, Leominster;
"Reuben Vose Jr., Winchendon.

Best Town Teams, not less than fifteen yoke from any one town. Twa
premiums — ?30, 20.

These teams may con hist of either oxen or steers, or both.

PREMIUMS. 87

FOOTRACE.

Committee. — C. H. B. Snow, Geo. H. Proctor, Thomas Upton,
Warren B. Page, Fitchburg ; 0. W.Carter. Leominster.

One race each day. 10 per cent, entrance fee.

I Ealf mile heats. Two premiums — $10, G.

Three entries to be made.

A person having receive] one pre niun, can on^y compete for a
higher.

HORSES.

Entries for all horses where entrance fee is required to be paid, must
be made before 9 o'clock A. M , of r,he day on which they are
exhibited.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES-SINGLE.

Committee — Rodney Wallace, Fitchburg; A. L Burditt, Leomin-
ster; Daniel Putnam, Win. L. Brown, Lunenburg; Liberty VV^elling-
ton, Ashby.
Gentlemen's Driving Horses. Two premiuais — $10, o.

Speed considered, but not to govern

In the trial of horses in this class, they shall make u standing start
from the Jndges'stand.

Walking Horses. Two premiums — $.0, 5.

Horses entered in this class will be ret^uired to walk one mile, car-
rying a load to e(|ual their own vveigiit including the carriage.

MATCHED DRIVING HORSES.

Committee.— OMioV^WxinQy, Ashburnliam ; Porter Pip?r, Leonin-
ster; L. P. Comee, Fitchburg; Chas. H. Loring, Sterling; M T.
Gardner, Shirley.
Matched Driving Horses. Two premiums — SIO, o.

FAMILY HORSES— SINGLE.

CommiVc'ee. — Francis W. Wriirht, Ashby; Wm. Brown, 2d, Win-
chendon; Levi N. Smith, Baldwinville ; Emory Tilton, Leominster;
Rufus Hastings, Sterling

Family Horses — Single. Two premiums — S6, 4.

88 PREMIUxMS.

COLTS.

Cotnmittee. — J. E. Merriam, Princeton ; S. W. A. Stevens, So.
Gardner; J. ^L Sawtell, Joseph Cashing, Fitchburg ; James Putnam,
Lunenburg.

Stallions, three years old. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Geldings, three years old. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Fillies, three years old. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Stallions or Geldings, two years old. Two premiums — tQ, 3.
Fillies, two years old. Two premiums — S6, o.
Yearling Colts. Two premiums — $■), 3.

STALLIONS.

Coniinittee — Geo. Jewett, Fitchburg; W. W. Comee. Boston;
D. W. Salisbury, Leominstor ; Hirim AVhitnoy, Harvard; Anan

Stockwell, So. Royalston.

Best Stallions for general use, four years old and upwards. Two
premiums — $10, 5.

Stallions entered in this class will be required to exhibit specimens
of their stock.

MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

Committee. — Warren Simonds, Templeton ; J(iel Ilayward, Ashby ;
Wm. B. Richardson, Sterling; Ivers Adams, Ashburnham"; W. W.
Shattuck, Fitchburg.

Breeding Mares. Two premiums — $8, 5.

Colts, less than one year old. Two pi-emiums — $-1, 3.

The mares must be four years old and upwards, and accompanied by
their colts.

No premium shall be awarded to a mire known to be unsound.

DRAUGHT HORSES.

Committee. — Solon Carter, Leominster; Silas Pratt, ^Vlllard H.
Lowe, Fitchburg ; Wm. H. Brown, East Princeton ; Homer J. Hay-
ward, Ashby.

Draught Horses — Pairs. Two premiums — $6, 4.
Draught Horses. Two premiums — $5, 3.

Draught Horses will be tried attached to a stone boat loaded to
weigh, including the stone boat, one -fourth, more than the horses.

The same draught horse cannot receive a premium as a single horse
and also one of a pair, but a draught horse may compete as a family
horse.

These must be four years old and upwanls.

riiKMiiMs. 89

PLOWING MATCH.

All entries fur plowinir must be inudo on or bot'oro the Thursday
previous to the exliibition, and one dollar must be deposited with each
entry, to be returned to the competitor it' ho ])lows, otherwise forfeited
to the Society.

No teams, or p'.irts of teams, will l)e allnw 'd t<> co!nj)Ote for more
than one premium on plowing.

DOUBJJ'] TEA3I8. .

CoinmUlee — \Vm. Woodbury, Fitchburg- ; JiOO'iard l>iUTagc, Whi-
ting Gates, Leominster ; Wm. leaker, Lunenburg; Stej'hen Ward,
Ashburnbam.

Double Teams. Three premiums — $10, 7, ;">
Minors, with Steers. Three premiums — $(), 4, 2.

SINGLE TEAMS

Committee. — Alden Derby, Jonas W. Gates, Leominster ; Wm.
H. Sawyer, Sterling ; John Davis, Asiiby ; James IL Law-^, Ash-
burnbam.

Single Teams. Three premiums — SIO, 7, 5.
Minors, with Steers. Three premiums — S6, 4, 1?.

HGRS!^] TEAMS.

Committee. — Stephen Shepley, Levi Kendall, Fitehlurg; Franklin
L. Haskell, Leominster; Merrick Wiilard, Ashburnhau) : E. P.
Thompson, N. Leominster.

Horse Teams. Three premiums — $10, 7. o.

CHOPS.

All entries for premiums in this department must be made with the
Secretary, on or before June L5th, with the exception of English tur-
nips and cabbages, which must be entered on or before August 15th.
Immediately after these dates, the Secretary will transmit to all com-
petitors a copy of the following blank form, adopted by the Trustees,
to correspond with the requirements of the Board of Agriculture.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture, by
chap. 24 of the Acts of iS62, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State, are required to make use of the following form,
and be governed by its conditions, in the mode of a.scertaining the
amount of crops entered for premium :

90 PREiMIL'MS.

Worcester North Agricultural Society.

Statement conccrnino^ a crop of , raised by Mr. , in

the town of , 1872.

What was the crop of 18GS ?

What manure was used, and how much ?

What was the crop of 1869 ?

What manure was used, and how much ?

What is the nature of the soil ?

When, and how many fimes plowed, and how deep?

What other preparation for the seed ?

Cost of plowing and other preparation ?

Amount of manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and how applied ';"

Value of manure upon the ground ?

When and how planted, and the amount and kind of seed ?

Cost of seed and planting?

How cultivated, and how many times?

Cost of cultivation including weeding and thinning?

Time and manner of harvesting ?

Cost of harvesting, including the storing and husking or threshing?

Amount of straw, stover, or other product ?

Competitors for premiums are particularly requested to make any
statements or suggestions not elicited i)y the above questions, and which
may be valuable as contributions to agricultural information.

REMARKS.

The Committee to whom is entrusted the award of premiums on field
crops, may award the premiums according to .their judgment ; but, for
the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit of agricul-
ture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the owners thereof
to measure the land and weigh the crops accurately, and give all possi-
ble information thereon, over their signature?, and return the same to
the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the annual Transactions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used, and
the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of times it is
filled by the crop.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a mer-
chantable state.

In measuring the land, any competent person may be employed,
whether a sworn surveyor or not.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop, entered for premium, the
measuremant of tha hay in the barn may be employed.

PRKMirMS. , 91

RULES OF MEASUUE

Pr.actisi d und adopted by tJie State Ihard of Aqt Icidtnre

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Manuel Wurzel,

Ruta Bagas, White Beans and Peas, GO lbs. to tlie IjusIjo!.

Corn, Rye, 06 " "■ "

Oats, a-2 " "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 " "
Cracked Corn, Corn and Rye and othtT meal,

except Oat, and English Turnips, 50 " " "

Parsnips, 45 " " "

Carrots, 55 " '• "

Onions, T>2 " " '*

GRAIN.

Committee. — Ei)enezer Bird, Leominster ; A. P, Whitney, Lunen-
burg; Wm. H. Fuller, Leominster; James P. Putnam, John M. Har-
ris, Fitcliburg.

For the largest crop of herds-grass seed, not less than three bushels.

Two premiums — $5, o.
Red top, not less than six bushels. Two premiums — $5, 3.

The committee may award gratuities for valuable new varietie.v of
grain.

For the most profitable crops of corn, wlieat, rye, barley, and oats,
one acre each ; of cabbages, beans, and flax, one-eighth acre each ; the
product of corn to be not less than 4320 lbs. on the cob ; that of
wheat, r3^e, barley, ana oats, not less than 1 OO lbs. of grain each.

Corn. Two premiums — $10. 8.

Wheat. Two premiums — ;510, 8.

Flax. Two premiums — 85, Grasses and Forage Plants.

Rye. Two premiums — S4. Grasses and Forage Plants.

Barley. Two premiums — $4, Grasses and Forage Plants.

Oats. Two premiums — $4, Grass s and Forage Plants.

Field Beans. Two premiums — $2, Grasses and Forage Plants.

Samples must be exhibited at the Fair.

ROOT CROPS AND CABBAGES.

Commiltee.—Y,\y\\\inm Graham, Lunenburg; Ilobart Spencer. Ash-
by ; E<r:ibi(ink M..;.re, Leon.in^-ter ; Wm. Baker, Lunenburg ; Joseph
Whitney, Sterling.

P 11 EM I UM<.

For the most profitable crops of potatoes, one-fourtb acre eacli ; of
carrots, onions, beets, and turnips, one-eighth acre each.

Potatoes, not less than 3000 lbs. Two premiums— 18, 5.

Carrots, not less than 5500 lbs. Two premiums— $4, 3.

Onions, not less than 2000 lbs. Two premiums— //arm on Ins..%2.

fe'Jgar Beets. Two premiums— $2, 1.

Man2;el Wurzel. Two premiums— $2, 1.

J^nglisb Turnips. Two premiums — Harris on Insects, S2.

Aurnips of any other variety. Two premiums— /r«rmo;i Insects, $2.

Cabbages. Two premiums — S2, 1.

FARMS.

Committee.— Geo. S. Hoaghton, Fitchburg ; C. C. Boydcn, Leom-
inster ; Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham.

All entries must be made at least one ww.li before commencing the
ezperiments.

Best managed and cultivated Farm, to jje awarded and paid in 1873.
Two premiums — $50, 25.

Entries must be made on or before May 1st, 1872.

GAPvDENS.

Committee . — Jabez Fisher, L. H. B rail fori', Fitchburg; Emory
Barrage, Leominster.

Kitchen or ^lixed Gardei'S. Two premiums — $12, 8.
Flower Gardens. Two premiums — $4, 2.

No person having received a premium for a farm, kitchen or mixed
garden, shall be allowed to compete for another with the same land,
within five years, except for a higher one.

Entries must be niade on or before June 15tb.

EXPERIMENTS.

Committee. — Augustus Whitman, Leominster ; Joel Page, Fitch-
burg ; Ezra Kendall, Sterling.

Best Experiment to determine the best and most profitable time and
condition in which to cut grass for hay, having regard to the total
annual product. Two premiums — $15, 10.

Best Experiment testing the value of corn and cob for fattening pur-
poses, with the cob or otherwise. One premium — $15.

Best Experiment in steaming food f.)r cattle and horses. One prcm-
' ium— $10. •

Best Experiment testing the comparative value of drilling wheat or
other orain, to broadcast sowing. One premium — $5.

There will be pliieud at the disposal of the eoimnittee, fnr the best
and most reliable agricultural experiments of any kiiul, niaile in 1872,
the sum of twenty dollars.

EXHIBITION AT TUh] IIALI..

No article intenled for the Hall will be entitled to a pi'o;nia n unleis:*
it shall have been deposited by ten o'clock a. m., on Tues<lay.

All articles shodd be plainly marked with the name and residence
of the exhibitor, except samples of Bread and Butter, which mu>t be
designated by numbers. A strict compliance with these regulations
will be absolutely necessary to entitle competitors to any preiriiums that
may be awarded to them.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES

Committee. — D. H. Merriam, Benj. Snow, B. F. Wallis,Fitchburg;
Wm. B. ri smer, Leominster; W. D. Peck, Sterling.

APPLES.

Twelve varieties of five spe-'iinens each. Tv/.t preaiiums — Harris on

Insects, $2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums — $2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two pre:iiiums — $1.50, I.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Baldwins Two premiums —

SI, .50.
Hubbardston Xoiisuch. Two premiums — $1, .50.
R. I. Greenings. Two premiums — SI, .50.
Ptoxbury Russets. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Gravensteins. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Palmer Greenings. Two premiums, — $i, .50.

Xo person will be allowed to compete for a premium in more tlian
one of the above classes, with the same specimens of fruit ; and if the
number of specimens exhibited does not correspond with these regula-
tions, the fruit will be excluded from competition for the premiums.

PEACHES.

Best Collection. One premium — Harris on Insects.
Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums — ^2, 1.

PLUMS.

Best Collection. One premium — $2.
Best Plates. Two preaiiums — $1, .50.

QUINCES.

Best Dl.'^hes or Baskets. Two premiums — $1, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be plai;ed at the dis-
posal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

^4 PREMIUMS.

PEIRS AND GRAPES.

Committee. — ?x2in\ W. Wallace, Ashburnl^am; Jerome B., Gardner,
Shirley ; Chas. H. Colburn, Leominster ; J. M. Twichell, lienj.
SafFord, Fitchburg.

PEAKS.

Twelve varieties of five sp3ciinens eacii. Two premiums — Harris on

Insects, S2.
^Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiu ns — $2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums — $1.50, 1.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Bartiett. Two prems. — $1, .50.
•Seckel. Two premiums— SI, .50.
^Flemish Beauty. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Duchess. Two premiums — SI, 50.
Louise Bonne de Jersey. Two premiums — SI, .50.
Xiawrence. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Beurre d'Anjou. Two premiums — $1, .50.
■Sheldon. Two premiums — $1, .50.

GRAPES.

Ujst displays of varieties of Native Grapes. Two premiums — $5, 3.
Best six clusters Israella. Two premiums — SI, .50.
Best six clusters Concord. Two premiums — Si, .50.
Best six clusters Delaware. Two premiums — $1, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the dis-
posal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

No person will be allowed to comp 'te for a premium in more than
•one of the above classes, with the sa ne specimens of fruit ; and if the
number of specimens exhibited does not correspond with these regula-
tions, the fruit will be excluded from competition for the premiums.

ASSOPvTED FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

Committee. — J.C.Allen, Leominster; Mrs C A. Ma.«6n, Mrs.
Louisa A. Woodbury, Mrs. John Upton, Miss Ilattie E. Miles,
Fitchburg.

ASSORTED FRUITS.

Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums — $2, 1.

PLANTS IN POTS.

Best displays of named Plants in Pots. Two premiums — %'l, 1.
Best three named Plants in Pots. Two premiums — $2, 1.

PRKMUMS. 95

CUT FLOWERS.

IJest ilis^ilay of Cut Flowers. Two premiunis — S'J, 1.
Best five named Asters. Two premiuiiis — $2, 1.
Best five named Dalilia.s. Two premiums — $2, 1.
Best five named Verbenas. Two premiums — $2, 1.
Best pair of Parlor Bouquets. Two premiums— S2, 1.
Best pair of Hand Bouquets. Two premiums — $2, I.

The same plants in pots cannot compete for both the best display and
the best three ; nor can the same Asters, Dahlias, or Verbenas, com-
pete for the best display and the best five.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the dis-
posal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

No person will be allowed to receive more than one copy of Harris
on Insects ; if more than one is awarded, cash will be paid instead, at
the rate of three dollars per copy ; and if any to whom a copy is
awarded, already has one, ho may receive the copy awarded, or the
cash, as above, at his option.

VEGETABLES.

Committee. — C. L. Joslin, Leominster; Ephraim Whitman, James
H. Marshall, No. Leominster; Joseph Foster, Ashby ; John Prichard,
Fitchburg.

Best collections Kitchen Vegetables. Two premiums — S7, $5.

Best collections Garden Seeds. Two premiums: — $5, 3.

Collections of Potatoes. Two premiums — S2, 1.

Marrow Squashes. Two premiums — $1, .50.

Hubbard Squashes. Two premiums — $1, .50.

Crookneck Squashes. Two premiums — %\, .50.

Pumpkins. Two premiums — $.75, .50.

Cabbages. Two premiums — $.75, .50.

Cauliflowers. Two premiums — $.75, .50.

Celery. Two premiums — $.75, .50.

Onions. Two premiums — $.75, .50.

Turnip Beets. Two premiums — i>.75, .50.

English Turnips. Two premiums — $.50, .25.

Tomatoes. Two premiums-$50, .25.

Field Beans. Two premium.s — $.50, .25.

Lima Beans. Two premiums — $ 50, .25.

Seed Corn, in traces. Two premiums — $1, .75.

The committee will regard perfection of growth and quality, and
not size.

96 PREMIUMS.

In adlition to the above, there will be allowed for graruities, ten
dollars.

Of squashes, punip'vins, cabbages, and celery, there should be six
specimens in each lot ; of cauliflowers, three ; of onions, beets, turnips
and tomatoes, one peck in each lot ; of field beans, one-half peck ; and
of Lima beans, two quarts.

BRE\D, BUTTER, CHEKSl-; PICKLES, PRESERVES AND

JELLIES.

Committee.— \. Norcross, ?'[rs. L. H. Bradford, Mrs. E. Torrey,
Mrs. Mary A. D-jwne, Fitchburg; Mrs J. H. Lockey, Leominster.

Bread made by iinmunied ladies.

White Bread. Three premiums — s2, 1, .50.
Unbolted Wheat Bread. Three premiums — S2, 1, .50.
Bolted Rye Bread. Three premiums — S2, 1, .50.
Rye and Indian Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.

All bread offered for premiums mu<t have been baked on the Mon-
day preceding the exhibition.

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

Lump Butter, not less than 12 lbs. Two premiums — $4, 3.
June Tub Butter, not less than 25 lbs. Two premiums — $3, 2.
Sept. " '■ " Two premiums — S3, 2-

Cheese, not less than 50 lbs. Two premiums — $2, 1.50.

PICKLES AND EONEY.

Pickles. Tliree premiums — $.75, .50 25.

Virgin Honej' in the comb. Thi'ee -premiums — $2, 1, .50.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities, teij
dollars.

Competitors will be required to furnish, to the Secretary, a detailed
statement in writiiig, of the process of manufacturing butter, chec-iG^
and pickles ; and no others shall be considered .

MECHANICS AXD MANUFACTURES.

Committee. — E. P. Monroe, Chas. Fessenden. John F. Ilaskins. S>
W. Putnam, E. M. Dickinson, Fitchburg.

Specimens exhibited must be manufactured by the compjtitor.

For the best specim.ens of mechanic and manufactured articles,
exclusive of ladies' home manufacture, there will be placed at the dis-
posal of the committee, the sum of two hundred dollars.

For the best exhibition of manufactured articles, there will be placed
at the disposal of the committee the su:n of fifty dollars.

PREMIUiMS. 97

AGRTOULTUllAL TMPLKMEOTS.

Qommlttee. — John Brooks, Princeton ; 31. D. Ilawos, Leoininstor ;
Augustus Gates, John Burr, Ashby ; Joel Page, Fitchl)urf»-.

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two liorses; One premium — $10.

Best Ox Cart. One premium — $5.

Best Team Harness. One premium — $«">.

Best Hay or Straw Cutter. One premium — $3.

Best Ox Yoke complete. One premium — $3.

Best Set Horse Shoes. One premium — %'l.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities, fifty
dollars.

FINE ARTS.

Committee. — Jacob Haskell, Mrs. J. B. Lane, Mrs. L. B. Fisher,
Mrs. M. M. Shepley, Miss Jennie T. Farwoll, Miss Lizzie H. Haskell,
Fitchburg.

Best collection by a Photograp'iic Artist. Two premiums — $1, 2.

Oil Paintings. Two premiums — $4, !^.

Best Crayon Drawings. Two premiums — $3, 2.

Pencil Drawings. Two premiums — $2, 1.

Best specimen of Penmanship by a non-professional. One premium — $1 .

In addition there will be placed at the disposal of the committee, for
gratuities, the sum of twenty dollars.

Specimens exhibited must be actually executed by the competitor.
FANCY ARTICLES.

Committee. — Rev. F. Magwire, Mrs. E. T. Miles, Mrs. Lorenzo
Barker, Mrs. T, Palmer, Mrs. J. F. Stiles.

For the best specimens of Ladies' Useful and Fancy Articles of their
own manufacture, including specimens of nice mending and darning,
there will be placed at the disposal of the committee, the sum of thirty
dollars.

ESSAYS.

Committee. — Stephen Shepley, Charles Mason, Fitchburg; C. H.
3Ierriam, Leominster.

Best Essays on some practical su))ject connected with agriculture,
deemed worthy of publication in the Society's "Transactions."
Two premiums — $25, 15.

7

98 • PREMIUMS.

All persons competing for these premiums must file their Essays
with the Secretary on or before the 1st of September. Each Essay
is to be marked with a motto or design, and accompanied with a sealed
envelope bearing a corresponding motto or design, and containing the
name of the author.

The envelopes of the successful competitors will be opened on the
day of the Exhibition, immediately upon the announcement of the
awards.

COMMITTEES' REPORTS.

Committee. — The President, Vice Presidents and Secretary.

For the purpose of inducing the chairmen of the several committees
to take upon themselves more labor and care in elaborating their
reports, the following premiums will be paid : — $10, 6, 4.

Detailed reports in connection with awards, (except on Grain and
Root Crops,) must be delivered to the Secretary on or before Nov. 1st.

PROSPECTIVE— EXPERTMEOTS.

Committee. — Jabez Fisher, Joel Pacre, Fitchburo; ; Cyrus Kilburn,
Lunenburg.

For the best experiment going to show the economy of growing grass
constantly through a period of six years, on one acre or more of land,
as compared with a rotation in which grass shall be grown three or four
years only, the remainder being grain or hoed crops, of which one, at
least, shall be Indian corn. The total amount and kind of manure
in each case must be the same per acre, but the time and mode of ap-
plication may be different. Three premiums — S50, 25, 15.

Entries must be made on or before July 1st, 1872.

xVPPLE, PEAR, AND PEACH ORCHARDS.

Committee. — Geo. S. Houghton, Thomas Palmer, Fitchburg ;
Ephraim Graham, Lunenburg.

APPLE ORCHARDS.

For the best Orchards of not less than fifty trees, all having been set
after January 1st, 1871, to be awarded in 1875. Two premiums —
S25, 10.

PREMIUMS. 99

PEAR ORCHARDS.

For the best Orchards of not less than fifty tro(!,s, all having been set

after January 1st, 1872, to be awarded in 187(3. Two nixjiniums

$25, 10.

PEACH ORCHARDS.

For the best Orchards of not less than thirty trees, set after A])nl l.-^t,
1871, to bo awarded and paid in 1874. Two premiums — $12, 8.

One orchard was entered for this preaiium, in 1871, by Lawrin Pratt
of Fitchburir.

POTATOES.

Committee. — Ephraini Graham, Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg; Benja-
min Safford, Fitchburg.

For the best Seedling Potatoes, to be tested for not less than three
successive years. One premium — $25,

FOREST TREES.

Committee. — W. B. Ilosmer, George Merriam, Leominster; J. P.
Putnam, Fitchburg.

For the best plantation of any kind of Forest Trees, suitable for fuel
or limber, raised from the seed, not less than live hundred in num-
ber, which shall be in the most flourishing condition in the fall of
1876. Three premiums— $25, 15, 10.

Entries must be made on or before the 1st day of June.

ICE HOUSES.

Committee. — William Woodbury, Abel Marshall, Fitchburg ; Lyman
N. Fairbanks, Westboro'.

For the best constructed Ice House for family purposes, to be tested at
least twelve months. One premium — to.

TROUT.

Committee. — Jabcz Fisher, L. H. Bradford, Fitchburg; M. T.
Gardner, Shirley.

For the most successful experiments in the artificial propagation of trout,
entries to be made on or before June 1st, 1872; premiums to be
awarded in 1874. Two premiums — S25, 10.

For best trout not less than six in number, raised artificially, exhibited
at the Fair in 1872. Two premiums — $5, ^.

COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS.

Hon. JOHN H. LOCKEY, Leominster.
LEONxiRD DOWNE, Fitcbbmg.
JOSEPH COZZExVS, Leominster.
GEORGE S. HOUGHTON, Fitcbburg,

UTILES.

All teams entered for clraugbt must bave b^iea owned by tbs pe rson
entering tbe same, for at least tbree niontbs next previous.

Any person competing for a premium, wbo sball serve on tbe com-
mittee baving cbarge of tbe department in whicb be compei.es, sball
retire from tbe committee wbile bis own competition is in question.

Tbe several committees will not consider tbemselves, bound by tbe
terms of tbe above offers, to award a premium for anytbing wbicb tbey
sball deem inferior.

Any person to wbom a premium sliall bave ])cen awarded, in con-
sequence of any deception or misrepresentation used by fiim, sball not
only forfeit sucb premium, but al'tcrward 1)0 incapable of competing
for tbe Society's premiums.

All persons, not members of tbe Society, to wbom may be awarded
a premium, or premiums, amounting to five dollars or upward, sball
receive a certificate of membersbip for five dollars, and tbe balance in
casb. If tbe amount sball be less tban five dollars, a deduction of
fifty per cent, will be made, unless tbe individual cbooses to make tbe
amount up to tbat sura, and receive a certificate of membersbip.

All premiums not demanded on or before November 30tb, Aviil
revert to tbe Society.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1872.
Ulected at the A?mual Meeting, December G, /S 7/.

Hon. J. 11. LOCKEY of Loomiiister, President.

LEONARD DOWNE of Fitchburn:, > vice Presidents
JOSEPH COZZENS of Leominster, ^ '^^^^ ^'««^^<^'*««-

GEORGE S. HOUGHTON of Fitchburg, Secy and Treasurer.

TRUSTEES.

O. Whitney, Ashburnham.

Joel Hayward, Ashby.

F. W. Wrigut,

Dennis Fay "

S. W. A. Stevens, Gardner.

JosiAH Puffer, Harvard.

S. F. Whitney, •'

Hiram Whitney, "

Augustus Whitman, Leominster.

w. b. hosmer,

co. boyden,

Porter Piper,

Solon Carter,

A. L. Burditt,

Daniel Putnam, Lunenburg.

Cyrus Kilburn,

William Baker,

Eph'm Graham, "

J. T. Everett, Princeton.

J. E. Merriam,

N. B. Heed,

John'jBrooks, "

A. Stockwell, Royalston.

J. 0. Parker, Shirley.

M. T. Gardner, "

George Davis, "

Charles Flagg, Sterling.

F. NOURSE,

M. B. Heywood, "
J. M. Sawyer, "

W. Simonds, Templeton.

A. Whiti:

!Levi N. Smith, Templeton,
! D. C. Miles, Westminster.
I John Minot, "

Benj. Wyman, "

Edward Bacon, "

Reuben Vose, Winchendon.

L. H. Bradford, Fitchburg.

Geo. E. Towne,

S. J. M. Weston,

Joseph Gushing,

Geo. F. Fay,
i Jabez Fisher,

Abel Marshall, "

Joel Page, "

J. M. Sawtell,

E. D. Works,

Lyman Patch,

A. M. Sawyer, "

E. T. Miles,

Wm. Woodbury, "

Walter A. Eames, "

Geo. Jewett,

J. W. Kimball,

S. W. Putnam,

S. C. Wright.

James Goodrich,

John F. Haskins,

E. P. Monroe,

E. M. Dickinson,

Chas. Fessenden,

S. H. Howe, Bolton.
NG, Oakdale.

E. T. MILES of Fitchburg, elected Member of the State Board
of Agrlcidture, Dec. G, 1S71, for three years.

TRA-NS^CTIONS

OP THB

WORCESTER NORTH

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE

£§MM1TTE£S AM® FIEMIfMS F©fi 1873,

FITCHBURG:

SKNTrPTKI. OFFICE POWER PBESS PRINT.
1872.

ADDRESS

BY REV. C. W. EMERSON.

If I should tell you what I know about fanning, it would not be
much. 1 can better tell ycu what I know about farmers.

Therefore I have selected as the subject of my address, The Rela-
tion of Agriculture to Manhood. Whatever is second in life, man-
hood is first. And I believe there is no other pursuit so well calcu-
lated to develop true manhood as that of agriculture. From agricul-
ture has come almost everything that tends to the develop.nent of cur
civilization. Perhaps I could dwell upon no theme that would be
more interesting than that of tracing the origin, and the subsequent
development of the arts and sciences from the necessities of agriculture.
I think it would be shown that nearly all the arts and sciences had
their rise in the needs growing out of agriculture.

Egypt is acknowledged to be the mother of science and art Why
can the principal arts and sciences be traced to Egypt V Because
ancient Egypt was exclusively agricultural. Early history will bear
us out in the supposition that Ham and some of his descendants emi-
grated to Egypt and settled on the banks of the Nile, and colonized
the whole of lower Egypt. The soil was very fertile, but there was
difficulty in securing a crop on account of the inundations of the Nile.
For a long time they found themselves unable to determine at
precisely what time the inundation, which lasted between two and
three months, would commence. At last, however, they descovered
one of the most brilliant, though not the largest, of all the stars of
Heaven, just close to the horizon, where it shone a few moments before
the rising of the sun. This star always made its appearance just
before the inundation of the Nile commenced.

This star seemed to the ancients like a faithful watch dog. warning
them of approaching danger, therefore they called it the Dog Star.
And from this the Egyptians developed, as far as it extended, a per-
fect system of Astrononiy.

Prof. 0. M. Mitchell stated in a lecture, a few years since, that he
had met, not long before, in the city of St. Louis, a man of great
scientific attainments, who, for forty years, had been engaged in Egypfc
in deciphering the hieroglyphics of the ancients. This gentleman
stated to him that he had lately unravelled the inscriptions on the
coffin of a mummy, now in the London Museum. The Zodiac, with
the exact position of the planets, was delineated on this cuffiin, and the
date to which they pointed was the Autumnal equinox in the year
1722, B. C, or nearly 3600 years ago.

Prof. Mitchell employed his assistants to ascertain the exact posi-
tions of the heavenly bodies belonging to our .'jystom on the equinox

4 REV. MR. EMER80N*S ADDRESS.

of that year and sent him a correct diagram of them, without having
communicated his object for so doing. In compliance with this, the
calculations were made, and to his astonishment, on comparing the
result with the statmeats of his scientific friend, already referred to, it
was found on the 7th of Oct. 1722, B. C, the moon and planets had
occupied the exact points in the heavens marked upon the coffin in
the London Museum.

The Egyptians dated their year from the rising of the Dog-star,
which they rep 'esented by the picture of a door-keeper with his key —
the one who opened one year, and closed another. Sometimes they
gave the picture two heads — the one old, representing the expiring
year, and the other young, to denote the new year. Thus were intro-
duced the arts of painting and sculpture. Now we have already
shown that the science of astronomy, and the arts just mentioned,
grew out of demands created by the pursuit of agriculture. Because
the farmer in Egypt needed to know the exact courses of the heaven-
ly bodies, men were set apart and supported at public expense to
study astronomy and keep people informed of their movements. At
the same point commenced the office of the priest ; for those* thus set
apart were ultimately looked upon as the priests of the power of
Heaven.

But I shall not dwell upon the ancient bearings of this subject, but
come down to its relations with our modern life, and its vital every
day interests. I shall in this address, not attempt to show the
relations of agriculture to the arts and sciences which promote civiliza-
tion, so much as to show the effect of the pursuit of agriculture upon
mankind.

There are many elements which go to make up mankind ; some of
which I shall point out, and endeavor to show how the pursuit of
agriculture affects them. First, health :

Health lies at the foundation of every other good. All great efforts
of the mind, all productions of genius, have their root in healthy
blood and abundant vitality. Morality and virtue might almost be
said to be exponents of health. Old Dr. Johnson said, "A man is
a rascal as soon as he is sick." Ralph Waldo Emerson says, ''If
Eric is in robust health, and has slept well, and is at the top of his
condition and thirty years old, at his departure from Greenland he
will steer west and his ships will reach New Foundland. But take
•out Eric, and put in a stronger and bolder man, — Biorn or Thorfin, —
and the ships will with just as much ease, sail six hundred, one thou-
sand, fifteen hundred miles further, and reach Labrador and New
England. There is no chance in results. With adults as with chil-
dren, one class enter cordially into the game and whirl with the whirl-
ing world ; the others have cold hands and remain bystanders ; or
are only dragged in by the humor and vivacity of those who can carry
a dead weight." A good maxim would be, Sacrifice everything to
health. Sacrifice health to nothing.

Health is not to be sacrificed, but put to service. It is the bound-
ing pulse that does the work and the thinking of the world. All

RBv. MR. Emerson's address. 5

great schemes of improvement and reform are projected and executed
by health. There is a difference between not being sick and being
abundant in health. A man to perform much must not be merely free
from disease, but he must have immense vitality. He must be able
to^sleep well, and eat well, and assimilate well. He must be pos-
sessed of plus animal life and spirits. Then working, planning and
creating, are means of the highest pleasure. Many good things are
written about the rules of Hygiene ; gymnastic schools are established
in cultivated society everywhere ; but when everything has been said
and done that art and science can do, the results are put in the shade
by wl at farming dnes in promoting health and vital energy in the
farmer. The employment of the farmer gives him in his varied labors
just the exercise that develop harmoniously the muscular system. The
vital energies are augmented by constant exercise in the open air. He
becomes used to all kinds of weather and all degrees of cold and heat,
until the vital powers of the system can not only defy rain, snow, hail
and wind, but use them in enhancing their own powers. The cold
that drives the city boy shivering into the house, causes the farmer's
boy to leap and laugh with physical joy. To the latter the coldest
January morning is the most exhilirating stimulant.

Second. Farming promotes a manly feeling of freedom and inde
pendence. He that has conquered severe climates* and the hostile
elements, is not to crouch before crowned heads or earthly sceptres.
Nature is free, and the farmer who has dealt with her until she has
imparted to him not only the fruits of her field, but the free atmos-
phere of her mountains, and the spirit of her laws which spurn at
human control, will never bow beneath the yoke of tyranny. Nature
is self-reliant and so is the farmer. He would rather die than beg.
This feeling grows out of no false pride, but from • the lesson Nature
has taught him, to earn what he would possess. That in the farmer's
hands which he has not earned, is to him a coal of fire. Nature
allows no shams, and the farmer can allow nothing which looks like
mere ostentation and display. To him, use and beauty are always
combined. He loves to have things exact. He wants pay for just what
he parts with, and nothing more. It is not the farmer's half-bushel
which has a false bottom in it. Exact weights and measures are his
especial delight. The farmer sometimes attempts to cheat the specu-
lator, I am aware; but he learned the lesson, not from his employment,
but from having often traded with the speculator. I think it was Na-
poleon who said, "Do not go to war too often with the same nation, or
you will teach them your art, of which they will take advantage, to
your hurt." I have sometimes thought this caution might apply with
equal force to speculators concerning their deal with farmers. Plain
dealing, plain words, and plain dress characterize the farmer ; for Na-
ture has taught him to be like herself — simple.

Third. The pursuit of agriculture tends to develop the^ intellectu-
al faculties. There is a notion current in the popular mind that a
man who cannot succeed in any other pursuit should be a farmer ; but
this is a sad mistake. There is no pursuit that re([uire8 a fuller share

b REV. MR.

of the elements of success. The farmer must have practical intellect,
accurate judgment, and keen perception. Men of less practical abili-
ty may follow some business that requires the same strokes every day
until it becomes a routine, and they follow it with as little thought as
the horse moves in the tread-mill. But the farmer is obliged to think
about his work every day and every hour. His judgment must be
good, for he must trade as well as work, and a few poor trades are fa-
tal to his success. He must also be capable of laying plans for the
future. It is a common remark among farmers, "He was good to
work, but had little calculation, and ftiiled to pay for his farm."

Farming is most emphatically a mathematical business. No man
needs a scientific education more than the farmer. The farmer must
be what is termed a posted man. He must understand the practical
questions of the day, because there is hardly a question of the times
that does not affect the market. He must have a keen foresight, that
he may be able to decide whether dairying or wool-growing will be
most profitable for the next five years. The successful farmer must be
a man of the* most unfaltering perseverance ; for his money is made
slowly, and by careful, patient endeavor, year after year. The hot
blood and fever pulse of ambition are of little account to him.

Let no man advise an enterprising and gifted young man to go into
some business above farming, for there is nothing above farming.
The work of the farmer educates the worker. A striking example of
this is found in the effect this pursuit has upon our Irish immigrants.
They come here with spirits crushed by ages of tyranny, bearing upon
their brows the impress of the iron heel of despotism. Yet a few
years residence upon our freer soil, under the influence of our free in-
stitutions, develops some of the noblest specimens of manhood. But
this is more apparei^t among those who select farming as a pursuit,
than among those who take some other branch of employment. Not-
withstanding the truth of all wc have said for agriculture, it is never-
theless true that, farming to-day. is not what reason teaches it ought
to be. It is a business of which the resources are yet latent, and they
remain latent, in great part, from the fact that mechanics and trade
are draining the farms of the chief enterprise of the country. Young
men aspire to some other business, at which they can get rich faster,
aud thus farming is left to the unenterprising and the immigrants.

Farming requires the application of more thought. Thought dis-
covered a new Massachusetts under the old Mass. Thought has put
the plowshare beneath old New England, developing the rich sub-soil,
so we have a new New England and this soil of the new N. E. is
found to be richer than that of the old N. E. Drainage has discov-
ered the best soil where it was supposed nothing more useful than al-
ders would grow ; and irrigation defies the drought caused by the clear-
ing away of the forest. But there is another problem to be solved —
It is, what shall recompense the soil for the constant drainage of her
wealth in the products that go to supply our manufacturing towns?
When we look into the east, at the exhausted soil of Assyria, and then
at the process that is rapidly bringing our own soil into the same con-

KEY. MR. EMERSON S ADDRESS. T

dition, the contemplation seems alarming. Look at ]5oston with ita
quarter of a million of inhabitants, besides the horses kept there ; at
New York with one million of inhabitants, and then at the smaller
cities and villages, and you see at once that they are devouring all the
wealth of the soil at a rapid rate, because for all the provisions they
take from the soil they give nothing back ; but all the manure which
should be produced by this consumption is carried off through the
sewers into that great wash-bowl — the sea. Here is a vital question,
upon which every other question that pertains to the well-being of hu-
manity, hinges. How shall this tide of sewerage be turned back to
the soil whence it came V Assyria gives us the picture, in her sparse,
sick, starving inhabitants, of what this whole beautiful continent, so
full of health, wealth and intelligence must, though not in our day,
ultimately become, unless some system of fertilization shall be devel-
oped, which shall give the soil as much richness as has been taken
from it. If this process of exhaustion, now going forward, is allowed
to continue, it will come to that, at last, that nothing but a great up-
heaval of old Ocean's bed, forming new continents laden with that
rich deposit, which has been accumulating for ages, can perpetuate the
habitability of the Earth. Geologists teach us that such upheavals
have taken place in the past, but that the Earth's crust is so thick they
never can again.

Fourth. The pursuit of agriculture develops the poetical sentiment.
The farmer does not write his lines in ink on paper, but on broad lands
with plow and spade. His imagination is inspired by the growth of
vegetation, the waving of grain, and the development of animal life, as
he sees these things on the farm. Farming does not develop that dry,
utilitarian lif^ that many think it does. No other pursuit has so much
of the spirit of poetry in it. Who is that poet who, above all others,
carries eheer to the hearts of the people of Scotland, England and
America? It is he who said "Thankit be God I can plow." Bums
was the farmer poet. Margaret Fuller, in a critique of hers, on the
earlier poems of Longfellow, said, in substance, that his verses were
inspired by the study, and not the field. But Robert Barns was the
genuine son of the soil, and his immortal lines are true to nature, and
thrill a responsive chord in the heart of every one of her lovers.

6th. The pursuit of farming develops a healthy moral sentiment.
Many who leave a country life in youth to enter the more public walks
of life, and gain wealth and distinction afterwards, do so oftentimes at
the expense of those moral qualities which could have been better pre-
served on the farm. The course of James Fisk is an illustration of
this — his own words judging him— when he said, for a long time the
only alternative before him was a prison or a palace. Nature is moral,
and she breathes morality into those who work and commune with
her. The success of business and professional men is more nearly re-
lated to morality than every one thinks. Nothing develops the ele-
ments of succees like agriculture. Most of our distinguished Senators
are the sons of farmers. In the face of the immortal Webster you
could see the mountains of his native New Hampshire. Finally, we

8 REV. MR. EMBRSON'S ADDRESS.

affirm that the pursuit of agriculture tends to develop the religious
sentiment. Nobody so well as the farmer knows that God is the
source of every material blessing. The mechanic or the merchant
when he purchases bread looks upon it as that which dollars and
cents buy. The farmer knows that his field of grain was not bought
with money, but " It is God that giveth the increase." Of all our
anniversaries, none so important as fast and thanksgiving days. The
observance of one day in every year for public fast had its origin in
Egypt in a remote period of human history. The ancients fasted and
prayed, just sls the days were the shortest, when, as they thought, the
sun had been dragged by the powers of darkness far down in the
south, that God would bring back the sun, and thus insure them an-
other harvest, and save them from starvation. Then, as now, agricul-
ture taught men to fast and pray. The custom of thanksgiving holds
a prominent place in the hearts of the people. Once a year our New
England families are gathered around the family board, and at this
time, if at no other, we feel that it is God who has given us this
bountiful harvest for which a day has been appointed of thanksgiving
and praise. All feel then that the abundance they enjoy is not merely
the reward of toil, but that which they receive only by the grace of
God. Thus we are led to say, others may be good, in spite of their
occupation, but the very toil and experience of the farmer teaches him
the great truths of religion and morality.

PRIZE ESSAY

BY L. B. CASWELL, FITCH BURG.

OUR FORESTS.

The destruction of our forests by the woodman's axe and the devour-
ing fire, is at last making itself felt in the climate, the scenery, and"
the industries of our country. When the early settlers of Americ*-^
first reared their homes on these shores, they found a land of grand;
old forests ; stretching far back towards the interior of the continent, .
was the virgin forest in all its beauty of form and color, eovering;
mountains, hill and valley with its luxuriant growth. Here the majes-
tic oak, the noble pine and beautiful maple flourished in their native
wildness, and covered the land with "the noblest and proudest drap^
ery that sets oflfthe figure of our fair planet." But these forests must,
fall, that the rich soil beneath, teeming with the elements of fertility.,
which had been accumulating for ages in the vast laboratory of Na-
ture, might be made available for the production of food for our ances-
tors and their flocks and herds. Necessity compelled our forefathers
to clear away these forests, but we, with seeming thoughtlessness, are ■
denuding the hill-tops and stripping the mountain-sides without consid-
ering the effect which such a course will hav6 upon the future of oui.
country.

The functions which the forests perform in the economy of Nature
are vast and varied. They are the great fertilizers of the soil and,
modifiers of climate, while their value to us for timber and fuel can.
not be estimated. In an aesthetic point of view they are not to be
ignored ; they give an added beauty to the landscape, an indescribable
charm which nothing else in Nature can bestow There is no other
agent of Nature which is so intimately connected with the health and
comfort of man, so necessary to the continued fertility of the soil, as-
the forest trees, yet we may venture to assert that no subject has bee»..
so neglected, as that of the cultivation and growth of trees.

We of New England, living in that part of the land of which it is •
said that "there is not another equal area of the earth's surface whereon
so many kinds of valuable trees grow spontaneously and rapidly,*'
can hardly realize the want of them. But go to the treeless prairies,
of the West, sta-nd amid those fertile fields,, behold on every side the
boundless expanse terminated only by the distant horizon, with not a
tree to break the monotony ; travel for days over the prairies with no
cooling shade, no barrier to protect from the sweeping winds; do this
and you will realize as never before the value of trees, and will thank
your Heavenly Father for the groves and forests of your own New
England. But our woodlands are rapidly dfeappearing. The forests
of Maine, which in times past have fu nisheh the principal part of the
lumber consumed in the United States and the West Indies have
nearly disappeared, and the rapacious lumberman seeks for fresh con-
quests amid the timber lands of Canada, Michigan anl Wisconsin..

10 PRIZ3 ESSAY.

Many cities and towns are now obliged to depend upon places more
than 1000 miles distant for their supply of timber.

Few seem to be aware to what an extent we are dependent upon
the supply of wood and timber for the comforts and even necessities
of civilized life. There is hardly a trade or manufacture but requires
its use. Bernard Palissy says, " I have divers times thought to set
down in writing the arts which shall perish when there shall be no
oiore wood ; bat when I had written down a great number, I did per-
eeive that there could be no end of my writing, and having diligently
'Considered, I found there was not any which could be followed without
iwood." The houses we live in, the furniture we employ, the imple-
ments with which we work, the vehicles in which we ride, the fuel we
burn ; all of these are fast consaming our forests. Already 4,000,-
000 acres are annually disappearing to supply these various demands,
while the vast extension of our railroad system, the great increase of
manufactures and the mechanical arts are yearly augmenting the
demand. It is estimated that the single item of repairing the timbers
■^Qf existing railroads, requires the expenditure of $30,000,000 annually.
More than $100,000,000 worth of sawed timber is consumed yearly,
^hile for fuel $75,000,000 worth is burned every year, without men-
'tioning the vast quantities used for various other purposes. While
this enormous demand is constantly increasing, our supply is decreas-
ing, and it needs not the eye of the prophet to behold in the near
fature an exhausted supply and a denuded country, unless the people
arouse themselves for the protection of this most important crop.

Trees were not made merely to furnish us fuel and timber, fruit and
-sliade, but for the influences they have upon the soil, crops and cli-
mate. There is in the study of Vegetable Physiology a broad field
f@r investigation, through the intricate labyrinths of which, the diligent
student of science may wander, ever finding something new to excite
liis thirst for knowledge. From the lowest shrub to the giant Sequoia,
:^here are influences at work upon the soil beneath, and the air above
s'jLS, tho silent workings of which we seldom notice. One of the hard-
'^st things for our people to learn is the climatic value of trees, yet
History and Science teach us that they are most intimately connected
with the climate of all countries. The influence which the forests exert
on the humidity of the earth and air, on temperature and precipitation
is immense. Spread out between the sky and earth, they prevent the
Tays of the sun from reaching the ground, and evaporating too rapidly
1;he water which falls. The humus, or vegetable mould formed by the
trorests is capable of absorbing almost twice its own weight of water,
^jhus they act as a sponge, and retaining a large part of the rainfall,
rallow it to pass off gradually into the brooks and rivers which water the
surrounding country. It is also observed by eminent investigators,
that a greater amount of rain falls in wooded than in cleared districts ;
-as the lightning rod abstracts the electric fluid from the stormy sky, so
-the forest attracts to itself the rain from the clouds. They also
'?^BSure the permanence and regularity of natural springs, and the
w^iteroourses fed by them.

PRIZE ESSAY. 11

Now let us notice the changes produced by the destruction of the
forest. Evaporation increases with great rapidity ; the soil is no lon-
ger a sponge but a dust heap, and the rain which falls, hurries over it
carrying vast quantities of earthy matter into the valleys below, leav-
ing the hillsides destitute of the elements of fertility ; the little streams
that formerly came leaping and foaming from the wooded hillsides, are
now only seen for a few months in the spring and autumn, and then
there is nothing left of them but dry and pebbly beds ; springs are
dried up, and rivers diminished in size ; bleak winds sweep unresisted
from the denuded hill-tops, prostrating the farmer's grain and strewing
the ground with his choicest fruits ; precipitation becomes irregular,
now delugiug the country with destructive freshets, and anon blighting
the farmer's crops by parching droughts.

Have we presented these changes in too strong colors V Read the
history of the countries of the Old World, the theatre of man's opera-
tions for so many centuries. Compare the present condition of many
, of those countries with the description given by ancient historians and .
writers. Palestine, which the Bible cites as the most fertile land in
the Universe, its mountain-tops covered with luxuriant forests, where
flourished the Cedar of Lebanon, unrivalled in grandeur and beauty in
the vegetable kingdom, its sloping hill-sides teeming with the ohve and
vine, the rich soil watered by the rains of Heaven, and the beautiful
landscape of verdant height and fertile valley. This once fruitful land
is now a scene of desolation, without commerce, arts, or agriculture.
Its mountains are barren, the Cedars have disappeared, and it is now
deprived of vegetation and water because her forests were destroyed.^

Classic Italy, proud Spain, and beautiful France are to-day reaping
the results of this thoughtless destruction of their woodlands. From
the barren plateaus of the Alps, Pyrenees and Appenines, burst forth
fierce torrents, spreading wild desolation in their path and laying waste
the fertile fields of whole provinces. Districts that formerly contained
the most fertile land and a dense population, have become almost a
barren waste deserted by man.

Rivers famous in History have shrunk into brooks and even disap-
peared. The poet Addison refers to this fact during his travels in
Italy, in one of his poems.

" Sometimes misguided by the tuneful throng,
I look for streams immortalized in song,
That lost in silence and oblivion lie,—
Dumb are their fountains and their channels dry"

The ancient river Scamander which was navigable at the comraence-
nient of the Christian Era, has completely disappeared with the Cedars
of Mount Ida, where it took its rise.

Not only in the Old World are these destructive results felt, but
they are beginning to be seen in America. Prescott, in his " Con-
quest of Mexico" says : "In the time of the Aztecs, the table-land
was thickly covered with larch, oak, cypress, and other forest trees,
the extraordinary dimensions of. some of which, remaining to the pres-
ent day, show that the curse of barrenness in later times is chargeable

12 PRIZE ESSAY.

more on man than on Nature." The Ohio River is dwindlig in size,
because the forests of Ohio and Pennsylvania are disappearing. Our
Atlantic States, are also beginning to feel the effects of the too rapid
destruction of theif woodlands, and it is a common observation that
our summers are become drier,and our streams smaller. There are many
streams that a century ago were capable of turning mills that can do
so no longer. But if our country is exempt from the terrible calami-
ties which inundations and droughts have brought upon some of the
fairest portions of the Old World, we may ascribe it to the fact, that
we have not as yet bared the sources of all our streams, nor stripped
the mountains entirely of their natural covering.

European countries felt the necessity of forest planting many years
ago, and the laws of almost every state of Europe more or less
adequately secure the permanence of the forest. England and Scot-
land can boast their thousands of acres of majestic pines, larches and
oaks, while the artificial forests of France, Austria, and Russia rank
among the most valuable government property of those countries.
Germany has imported thousands of dollars worth of seeds of the
valuable redwood from California, and the young forests growing from
them are the pride of that nation. She has also established special
departments for forest culture wifb the schools, necessary to educate
the ofl&cers in their duties of cultivating and protecting trees. Spain
is said to be the only European land that makes no provisions for its
forests. The Spaniard's "hatred of a tree" is proverbial, and they
have reduced their once fertile and beautiful country, to one renowned
for its extreme aridity and desolate appearauce. Eminent writers and
scientific men of France and Germany have written and studied upon
the forests and their influences, until the science of Sylviculture is
acknowledged in those countries as of the greatest importance.

The proportion of woodland required for an agricultural country,
according to Rentzsch, is 23 per cent, for the interior and 20 per cent,
near the coast. Of all the countries of Europe, not more than four or
five have over 23 per cent, while some are reduced as low as 5 per
cent. For the whole of Europe the proportion is but 26^ per cent.,
while in the United States and Canada it is as high as 48 ; but while
in Europe the proportion is increasing, with us it is decreasing. If
we proceed with the destruction of our timber lands at the rate with
which they have disappeared for the last eighty years, we shall in
less than thirty years reduce our proportion of timber to but 30 per
cent.

There are thousands of acres in New England fit for no other use
than to grow wood. If the farmers of Massachusetts, and all our
Eastern States would restore their rough and rocky fields and steep
hill-sides to forest growth, and expend their time on half the land they
are now trying to cultivate, they would be far better off than they are
today, both physically and financially.- The East needs a work of
restoration, and the West a new creation. Let our New England hills
and mountains again be clothed with forests, and the fertile prairies of
the great interior dotted with groves and woodland until they shall

PRIZE ESSAY. 13

become still more beautiful and fruitful. Let the now barren and
desolate plains of the Far West be planted with tr«es, until the future
years shall behold them covered with fruitful farms and the happj
abodes of a grand civilization.

Our Agricultural Societies can help alonj/ this great work, by
offering suitable premiums for plantations of forest trees. Many of
them have done this, but more needs to be done in this direction.

Our State Governments can aid, by exempting standing forests
from taxation, by imposing taxes on wood felled for fuel or timber,
and by offering premiums for the planting of trees. Some of our West-
ern States have already done this, and others are about to do so ; but
above all we must look to the general diffusion of knowledo-e araono'
the people on this subject. The American is reluctant to invest in
anything that does not yield a quick return in dollars and cents. The
forces of Nature act too slowly 4:br him, and he hesitates to plant trees
because he may not himself receive the benefit of them ; but he who
plants a tree must be actuated by higher motives than that of direct
pecuniary gain.

The preservation and planting of trees is a duty that we owe to the
memory of our ancestors who have left us the waving elms and wide-
spreading maples of our New England homes. It is a duty that we
owe to the posterity that shall come after us when we shall have passed
from the stage of life. May we so perform that duty that we can
truly utter that beautiful sentiment of the poet Whit tier.

"Give fools their gold, and knaves their power.
Let fortune's bubbles rise and fall ;
Who sows a field, or trains a flower.
Or plants a tree, is more than all.

Por he who blesses most is blest ;
And God and man shall own his worth
Who toils to leave as his bequest,
An added beauty to the earth."

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

TllOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

Your Committee on Thoroughbred Stock, have attended to their
doty and submit the following report :

SHORTHORNS-HERDS.

Augustus Whitman, 1st premium,
Joel Page, 2d prem..

BULLS.

Augustus Whitman, 1st prem.
J. P. Putnam, 2d prem.,

YEARLING BULLS.

Augustus Whitman, 1st prem.,
Joel Page, 2d prem.,

COAVS.

Augustus Whitman, 1st prem.,
" '' 2d prem.,

HEIFERS THREE YEARS OLD.

Augustus Whitman, 1st prem.,
Joel Page, 2d prem.,

HEIFERS TWO YEARS OLD.

Augustus Whitman, 1st prem , 4 00

$12 00
8 00

8 00
5 00

6 00
4 00

6 00
4 00

5 00
3 00

HEIFERS ONE YEAR OLD.

Augustus Whitman, 1st prem.,
2d prem..

3 00
2 00

CALVES.

Augustus Whitman, 1st prem.,
2d prem.,

3 00
2 00

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES^^i ""*"" ■ i*>«,>^ 1&-
AYRSHIRES-HERf)8^ _ ^A

E. T. Miles, 1st, prem.,

BULLS.

E. T. Miles, 1st prem..

Sterling Blood Stock Club, 2d prem.,

BULL CALVES.

E. T. Miles, Ist prem.

COWS.
E. T. Miles, L-t prem.,
" 2d prem.,

HEIFERS THREE YEARS OLD.

E.T. Miles, 1st prem.,

HEIFERS TWO YEARS OLD.

E. T. Milep, 1st prem.,
•' " 2d prem.^

YEARLING HEIFERS.

E. T. Miles, 1st prem.,
'• 2d prem.

E. T. Miles, 1st prem.,
" 2d prem.,

CALVES.

JERSEYS-HERDS.

J. F. Brown, 1st prem.

J. F. Brown, 1st prem.,

BULLS.

COWS.

J. F. Brown, 1st prem.,
" " 2d prem.,

HEIFERS THREE YEARS OLD.

J. F. Brown, 1st prem.,
" 'f 2d prem.,

HEIFERS TWO YEARS OLD.

J. F. Brown, 1st prem.,
" ** -?d prem.,

6 00
4 00

5 00

4

2

00
00

3
2

00;

00

3
2

OO^
00'

12

00

8 00

6
4

00

00

5

3

GO
00

4
2

OO-
0C>

r^6 REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.

TKARLINGS.

X F. Brown, lat prem., 3 00

2d prem., 2 00

Tbe Committee noticed some fine Jersey Stock entered by Lyman
Nichols, Esq., but not being entered according to the rules of the
Society, the Committee could not award any premiums —

And again, one Jersey Cow and Heifer, very fine animals, owned
l)y John H. Lockey, Esq. of Leominster, were not entered for premium.
(Signed) E. D. WORKS, Chairman.

MILCH KINE.

The Committee on Milch Kine report as follows :

HERDS OF FOFR COWS.

Joel Page, Fitchburg, 1st prem., $10 00

A, Gates, N. Leominster, 2d prem., 7 00

SINGLE MIIiCH COWS.

^®ei Page, Fitchburg, 1st prem. for his cow " Topsy 3d,"

J Durham, 4 years old, 5 00

A. Crates, N. Leominster, 2d prem. for his cow, 7 yra. old, 4 00

HEIFERS THREE YEARS OLD.

^ml Page, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 5 00

A, Gates, N. Leominster, 2d prem., 4 00

The Committee felt obliged to withhold the 1st premium for a nice
^oyear old heifer, grade Ayrshire, with calf two weeks old by her
aide, entered by E. T. Miles, Fitchburg, in consequence of her not hay-
iag been tested according to the Rules of the Society.

For the Committee,

C. K. SAWYER, Acting Chairman,

HEIFERS.

The Committee on Heifers submit the following report :

We find but one 2-year8-old on exhibition, and award the 1st prem.
^ George L. Rice, Leominster.

HEIFERS. 17

YEARLINGS.

J. B. Smead, Istprera., $3 00

George L. Rice, 2(1 prem., 2 00

N. B. REED, for the Committee.

HEIFER CALVES.

The Committee on Heifer Calves, having attended to iheir duty,
submit the following report :

S. F. Whitney, Harvard, 1st prem., S4 00

2d prem., 3 00

Wc also recommend to Joel Page a gratuity of 3 00

THOMAS SHELDON, Chairman.

YEARLING STEERS AND STEER CALVES.

The Committee award the following premiums :

YEARLING STEER.S.

Henry A. Woods, Leominster, 1st premium, $3 00

STEER CALVES.

Lyman Nichols, Fitchburg, 1st premium, 6 00

S. G. MIRICK, for the Committee.

PENS OF CALVES. ..

The Committee on Pens of Calves make the following report :

Augustus Whitman, Leominster, 1st premium, -SIO 00

Lyman Nichols, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 5 00

E. F. BAILEY, aainnan.

18 WORKINa OXEN.

WORKING OXEN— SINGLE TEAMS.

The Committee to whom was assigned the duty of awarding Prem-
iums upon Working Oxen, Single Teams, have attended to that dutj
and beg leave to report as follows :

There were but 4 entries, and your Committee were highly pleased
with the work performed, and were unanimous in awarding the follow-
ing Premiums :

Henry A. Woods, Leominster, 1st premium, $7 00

N. B. Reed, Princeton, 2d prem., 6 00

W. W. Shattuck, Fitchburg, 3d prem., 5 00

Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg, 4th prem., 4 00

Which 13 respectfully submitted,

FRANKLIN NOURSE, /or Committed,

WORKING OXEN AND HORSE.

The Committee having attended to their duties would respectfully
tubmit the following :

N. B. Beed, Princeton, 1st premium, $7 00

W. W. Shattuck, Fitchburg, gratuity for one yoke of oxen, 4 00

D. C. MILES, for GommiUee.

STEERS MORE THAN TWO YEARS OLD.
The Committee on Steers make the following report :
Henry Woods, Leominster, best trained steers, 1st prem., #4 t)0

JOSIAH PUFFER, /or Comm%tt€€.

PAT CATTLE, SWINE AND SHEEP. 19

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee award the following premiums :

Joseph Cushing, Fitchburg, Ist premium, $8 00

N. B. Reed, Princeton, 2d prem., 5 00

ABEL DERBY. Chairman.

SWINE.

The Committee on Swine have attended to their duty, and would
respectfully submit the following report :

BOARS MORE THAN ONB YEAR OLD.

Timothy Lincoln, Leominster, 1st prem., $4 00

S. F. Whitney, Harvard, 2d prem., 3 00

BOARS liESS THAN ONE YEAR.

Lyman Nichols, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 3 00

PAT HOGS.

C. G. Boyden, Leominster, 1st prem., 8 00

Timothy Lincoln, " 2d prem., 4 00

FAT PIGS.

Lyman Nichols, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 4 00

2d prem., 2 00

BREEDING SOWS.

C. 0. Boyden, Leominster, 2d prem., 4 00

WINCHESTER WYiAA!^, for the CorHmitt4f9.

SHEEP.

The Committee appointed by the Trustees of the Worcester North
Agricultural Society having attended to their duty, respectfully submit
the following report :

There probably are but few, if any, subjects relating to Agriculture
tipon which more has been written, or the fever raged higher during

20 SHEEP.

past years, than that of Sheep Husbandry ; in many cases almost fabu-
lous prices being paid for choice animals. We do not intend to enter
into a discussion of the merits of the different breeds, leaving that for
abler hands, but simply to look at the subject as it stands connected
with this locality, and notice some of the causes of its decline.

Since the commencement of the present century a great change has
taken place in the business of the country. At that time manufactur-
ing and mechanical business was in its infancy ; agriculture was the
leading pursuit ; there was comparatively but little money in circula-
tion ; no home markets where the farmer could sell his produce, he was
obliged to rely upon the resources of his farm not only for the provis-
ion for the support of himself and family, but also for the articles from
which their clothing and many other things were made. Hence every
farm, however small, would have its patch of flax and its flock of sheep,
and, as the summer wore away, there was hurrying to get the woo I
carded and spun, the cloth woven and dressed, in season for the chil-
dren's clothes for winter schools — the boys with their cow-hide boots
and stout suit of clothes, the girls with their thick calf-skin shoes and
warm woolen dresses, and long, checked aprons, all made from the pro-
ducts of their father's farm. Then in the spring time the lambs could
be seen skipping and frolicking and the bleating of sheep heard upon
every hillside and in every valley, while now the sight of a sheep or
lamb is about as much an object of curiosity to the younger children as
the lions and monkeys in a travelling menagerie ; and your Committee
found upon receiving their books with eight premiums offered on sheep,
including twenty-eight animals, but three entered, only two of which
made their appearance.

The large increase of manufacturing and mechanical business in the
eastern part of Massachusetts, and the rapid growth of population in
consequence, has made it for the interest of the farmer of this section to
produce those articles which cannot be transported a great distance,
hence the making of milk has become the leading object, with raising
of vegetables, the small fruits, and hay ; while the facilities given to
transportation by the power of steam are such that he cannot compete
in the raising of wool with the farmer of the western prairies or Califor-
nia, or of the foreign countries of South America and Australia, where
sheep are kept in flocks of thousands, on government lands, procuring
their subsistence from the pasture the year round, being shorn of their
fleeces twice a year.

Another cause of the decline is the cost of fencing, most of tlie fence
in this vicinity being stone wall.

Now, a stone wall is about as much a barrier against sheep as a
picket fence would be to dam a stream of water, unless made after the
Irishman's model — which was post and rails at the bottom, with stone
wall on top. A brush or wooden fence of some kind being best, makes
it too expensive here, while in the northern part of New England,
where wood and timber are plenty, it is the best and cheapest they
can make.

One other cause of the decline is the danger of damage by dogs,

INTERN'ATIONAL EXHIBITION. ' ' 21

which often make sad havoc with' the few that arc kept. The year
1871 was very disastrous to the owners of sheep in this viciniby, the
floek of Mr. Mclntire, which has often taken yoar premium, with
others, being completely broken up, besides many single animals being
killed. There cannot be^ much inducement for any one to go to the
trouble and expense of raising a nice flock of sheep, knowing that he is
liable, any night, to have the objects of his tender care torn, mangled
and killed.

fSb The only inducements there appear to be to the raising of sheep in
this vicinity are the raising of early lambs of some "of the larger and
coarse wooled breeds for the market, which at present command so
high a price as to be beyond the reach of many people to purchase.
By keeping principally milch cows, our pastures have deteriorated in
value — in many cases nearly worn out — becoming overrun with bushes
and briars, and consequently will not keep the stock they formerly did,
and are less profitable.

Now, it is admitted by those who have had experience, that sheep
will improve such pastures by killing many of the bushes and briars by
feeding, nnd by the more even distribution of their droppings over the
land than other stock, at a less cost than any other method, It is an
subject worthy of the consideration of our farmers whether a change in
some instances would not be for their advantage.

Your Committee award the second premium on Cossets to James
Mclntire, Fitchburg, $1 00

For the Committee,

NATHAN CASWELL, Chairman.

The following communication has been received from the Executive
of the United States Centennial Commission, and is published by vote
of the Trustees :

1776. Internat'l Exhibition, Philadelphia. 1876.

Office of the U. S. Centennial Commissio
Philadelphia, Fa., October, 1872.

Worcester J^orth Ag^^iculiurat Society, George S,
£roughton, Secy, J^ttc/tburg, Mass,

The Anniversary of the Independence of the United States in tho
year 1876, is to be celebrated by an exhibition of the products, arts,
and industries of the country, and of the world. This is in accordance

22 INTBRNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

wi'h an Act of Congress approved March 3d, 1871. By this actj,.the
ta k of preparing and &uperintendiug the exhibition was imposed opon
tlie United States Centennial Commission, consisting of two members
from each of the states and territories. The Commissioners have
twice met in general session, a permanent organization has been efS^Qt-
ed, ^nd the chief outlines of the plan for the exhibition have heen
•greed upon.

This exhibition is to be international and universal — international,
inasmuch as all nations will be invited to participate in it; and univer-
sal, because it will include a representation of all natural and artificial
products, all arts, industries and manufactures, and all the varied r«-
BOlts of human skill, thought, and imagination.

The outlines of a simple yet comprehensive classification have been
adopted. There will be ten departments, each subdivided in ten
groups, and these again into classes. The details of t::iis classification
are now being elaborated and will be published in due season, together
with such rules and regulations s s may be found necessary for the
proper conduct and management of the exhibition.

It is intended that ample space shall be assigned to each state, terri-
tory, and foreign country, foi' a just and proper display of their prod-
ucts. It is believed that not less than fifty square acres of fioor space
under roof, will be required for this purpose. A site combining the
advantages of a sufficient extent of level ground, with picturesque and
cultivated surroundings, easy of access by rail, water, and by ordinary
roads, has been assigned for the buildings and grounds at Fairmount
Park, in the City of Philadelphia. The exhibition will open in April,
and close in October.

Each State of the Union will be expected to send its peculiar prod-
ucts, illustrating its resources, both developed aud uudeveloped. A
complete exhibition of this kind by all the States, will afi*ord the means
of compaiing their industrial condition and capabilities. The prod-
ucts of mining and of agriculture will occupy a large portion of the
space allotttd to each state, aud will receive their just share of atten-
tion in this universal display.

An undertaking so patriotic in its conception, so vast in its propor-
tions, and so useful i its results, commends itself to the hearty sym-
pathy and support of an intelligent eople. Patriotism, as well as an
appreciation of the industrial, educational, and moral influences of well
organized exhibitions, should impel all citizens to lend a helping hand.
It is the duty of the Commission to prepare the way and open the
doors, but the people, in their sovereign right aud strength, must make
the exhibition. By their aid, alone, can it be made a just and compre-
hensive display of the industrial, intellectual, and moral development
of the Nation during the first century of its existence.

The Commission not only relies with confidence upon the aid of the
people in general, but it hopes to receive the co-operation of the many
state societies and organizations which for so many years have aided
in directing and realizing the popular demand for agricultural and in-
dustrial exhibitions. The desire to secure, at an early date, your efli
cient co-operation, has led lo this communication, which is made at
the request of the Executive Committee of the Commission.

Permit me, in closirg, to suggest that the facts herein stated might,
with great advantage to the exhibition, be communicated as publicly as
possible to your members and exhibitors, and that, if agreeable, they
should be inco: porated in your printed reports. 4 committee of your
members might be appointed to consider and suggest such measures
as may appear most desirable to promote the success of the object for
which the Centennial Commission is appointed. A general plan for the

POULTRY. 28

organization of Co-operatire Centeunlal Associations In the several
■tates and territories is now under consideration, and when perfected
Will b« published for distribution.

Very Respectfully,

Your Obedient Servant,

Wm. Phipps Blakb,
JBxecutive Commisaioner.

POULTRY.
Your Committee award the following premiums :

BRAHMAS.

Ephraim Whitman, Fitcbburg, 1st premium, $2 00

William A. Carleton, Fitcbburg, 2d prem., 1 0.0

BT.ACK SPANISH.

John F. Brown, Lunenburg, 1st prem., 2 00

J. A. Marshall, Leominster, 2d prem., 1 00

WHITE LEGHORNS.

Wm. A. Carleton, Fitcbburg, 1st prem., 2 00

J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, 2d prem., 1 00

BROWN LEGHORNS.

Wm. A. Carlefou, Fitcbburg, 1st prem., 2 00

E. Whitman, Fitcbburg, 2d prem., 1 00

HOUDANS.

John H. Lockey, Leominster, 1st premium, 2 00

PLYMOUTH ROCK.

Wm. A. Carleton, Fitcbburg, 1st prem., 2 00

SILVER PENCILLED HAMBURGS.

J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, 1st premium, 2 00

PARTRIDGE COCHINS.

Ephraim Whitman, Fitcbburg, 2d prem., 1 00

NATIVE.

T. D. Wood, No. Leominster, 1st premium, 2 00

TURKEYS.

W. W. Shattuck, Fitcbburg, 1st premium, ^ 3 00

J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, 2d premium, 2 00

24 TOWN TEAMS.

GEESE.

T. D. Wood, No. Leominster, 1st premium, .3 00

L. H. Butterfield, Fitchburg, 2d premium,. \ , " T 2 00

DUCKS-(ROUEN).

Aaron P. Whitaey, Lunenburg, 1st premium, 3 00

STILLMAN HAYNES, for the Committee.

TOWN TEAMS.

Your Committee on Towa Teams have attended to tlie duty assigned
them, and report :

Only one entry was made, and that from Leominster by H. A. Woods"
We unanimously award :

Town of Leominster, 1st premium, $30 00

We exceedingly regret that lack of interest which pervades the
Agricultural community, in the use of Oxen for Farm work. Horses
are preferred on many farms, because they are more fleet in their
motion^ ; their owners forgetting that, should an accident happen to
them, or old age render them useless for labor, their hides and shoes
would constitute their whole value. Whereas, Oxen require much less
expense for harness than Horses, and when old, have a value for the
shambles. Many farms have lands on which oxen can do the work
much better than horses, such as miry, rocky or stumpy land, and on
steep hill-sides^ and on our New England farms as well as in Old
England, as has been sung —

" How jocund did they drive their teams afield."

The ox is a noble animal, and when " The Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals," shall fulfil its mission^ he will not have more
occasion to despise his master.

If the prophet Elisha plowed with twelve yoke of oxen in olden
time, the Yankee has made such improvement in his yokes and plows,
as to do the same work with one yoke of oxen ; and we have no inti-
mation that the soil of the Oriental country is more stubborn than that
of the Occidental. And we think that oxen may be kept more cheaply
than horses.

Our good neighbors of Leominster, who always abound in good
works, exhibited a Team of 17 yoke of stalwart oxen, that would draw
encomium at any Fair in New England, and added much to the Show.

FOOT AND SACK RACES. 25

It is much more pleasant to award premiums, when there is a good
i?holesome competition, when there is fair play for the exercise of sound
judgment and good taste, than on a single exhibition ; which su ggests
^.-a couplet from Hudibras —

" Where only one side gives the blows,
There's no fighting everybody knows."

Let this masterly inactivity in other towns be turned into good
; account at our next annual Exhibition, and we will shout, Well done !

For the Committee,

CYRUS KILBURN, Chairman.

FOOT RACE.

. The Committee on the Foot Race, First Day, submit thef ollowing
report :

There were four entries — H. W. Manning, John Morris, Orin M.
Lowe, Frederic Goodrich. We award :

H. W. Manning, who came in first, in "^.32, 1st premium, $10 00
Frederick Goodrich, who came in second; 2d prem., 6 00

For the Committee,

C. H. B. SNOW, Chairman.

The Committee on the Foot Race, Second Day, would submit the
following report :

There were six entries — Patrick Holihan, Orin Lowe, Alonzo
Freeman, Chas. McGinnis, Wm. McGill and Geo. Rice. We award :

Wm. McGill, who came in first, in 2.32, 1st prem., 10 00

Patrick Holihan, who came in second, 2d prem., 6 00

SACK RACE.

The Committee on the Sack Race, submit the following report :

C. E. Farnhara, 1st prem., $4 00

L. W. Goodell, 2d prem., 3 00

Jas. Finan, 3d prem., 2 00

Chas Rose, 4th prem., 1 00

For the Committee,

GEO. B. PROCTOR, Chairman.

26 DRIVING HORSES.

OENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

The C(3mriiittee on Gentlemen's Driving Horses, make the following
awards :

H. G. Morse, Fitchburg, 1st premium, $10 00

C. H. Brown, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 5 00

A. Whitman, Leominster, gratuity, ^ 00

G. G. Ruggles, Fitchburg, gratuity, 5 OQi

J. H. Marshall, Leominater, gratuity for a fine 4-years-old Colt, 5 00

The Committee regret that so small a sum of money was placed at
their disposal, as many valuable Horses were on exhibition. They
would recommend a larger sum in future for this class of Horses. In
our opinion this might be made the most interesting part of the Show.

In the class of Walking Horses, there were but two entries — " Red
Mike" and *' Black Junior," both owned by Joseph Cushing of
Fitahburg. We award :

"Red Mike," 1st premium, 10 00

"Black Junior," 2d prem,, 5 00

RODNEY WALLACE, Chairman.

MATCHED DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Matched Driving Horses have attended to that
duty and report as follows :

Alvah Crocker, Fitchburg, 1st premium, SIO 00

Geo. Jewettj Fitchburg, 2d prem., 5 00

The Committee also award, for their pairs of Matched Driving
Horses, gratuities as follows :

H. A. Hatch, Fitchburg, $5 00

Augustus Whitman, Leominster, 5 00

OHIO WHITNEY, Chairman.

FAMILY HORSES— SINGLE.

The Committee on Family Horses^ Single, have attended to their
duty, and award :

H. A. Blood, Fitchburg, 1st premium, $6 00

H. G. Morse, Fitchburg, 2d premium, 4 00

F. W. WRIGHT, Chairman.

COLTS, STALLIONS AND MAKK8. 27

COLTS.

Your Committee on Three-years-old Stallions and Geldings and
Fillies, Two-years-old Colts, and Yearlings, submit the following
report :

There were three Stallions entered.

Lyman Patch, Fitchburg, 1st premium, $10 00

Dr. M. Wallace, Ashburnham, 2d prem., 5 00

There was but one Three-years-old Gelding entered.
M. S. Heath, Lunenburg, 1st prem., 1^0 00

There was but one Two-years-old Colt entered.
J. H. Marshall, Leominster, 1st prem., 6 00

Of Yearlings there were three entered. Your Committee award •

James Hannegan, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 5 00

M. S. Heath, Lunenburg, 2d prem,, 3 CO

J. L. PIPER, Chairman.

STALLIONS.

The Committee on Stallions, respectfully present the following
report :

Number of Stallions entered, one.

H. H. Brown entered his Stallion, " Black Hawk," but showed
none of his stock. The requisitions not being fulfilled, the Committee
make no award.

GEORGE JEWETT, Chairman.

MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

Ycur Committee en Mares and Sucking Colts, having attended to
the duty assigned them, beg leave to submit the following report :

We found but few entries made in either Mares or Colts. There
was no Mare that we thought was entitled to the 1st premium.
We award :
Joseph Marshall, Leominster, 2d premium, $5 00

On Sucking Colts, we award :

Joseph Marshall, Leominster, Ist prem., %^ 00

D. F. Holman, Fitchburg, 2d premium, 3 00

■■%■

'2S DRAUGHT HORSES. ..

We also re3o:ii nani a gratuity of $2.00 to ba paid to Dr. Brighaoi
of Fitchburg.

, The few entries .and the quality of both: Mares aad Oolts, showed at

pacQ that but little- iaterest was maaifcsted in ttie Society; to make that

improvein3Qt ia raising Horses which that noble animal deserves, and

it was evident to your Comaaittee. that there, was some cause ior it, and

^e are of opinion that there is, first, too small a premium offered by

:tbte Society to induce any one living at: any distance from Fitchburg,

'tafee at the trouble of taking a good Mare or Colt to tlie Exhibition.

OFor the best Colt only the paltry sum of $4.00 k offered, which is only

'One^half as much as you offer for a Fat Hog, and the same as you

offer for a Boar more than one year old, and the same as you offer for

;a Heifer Calf four months old. For a Foot Race one-half a mile, you

'offer $5.00. Let us see what is for the best interest of the Society, a

fine Colt that when three or four years old would command from $200

$500 in the market, or a half-mile race of some half naked boy, or a

Hog which is worth as much money the day he is exhibited as- he ever

will be, and still you offer for him, $8.00, and only S4.00 for the

best Colt. Keep the Horses from your Exhibition, and a very small

ground will accommodate all that will be likely to attend, in a very

short time. Your Committee are all friends to that noble and almost

indispensable animal, the Horse, and will do what they can, in their

feeble manner, to bring him up to the standard he ought to have in the

Worcester North Agricultural Society.

-All of which is most respectfully submitted by

Your Committee,

WARREN SIMONDS. Chairman.

DRAUGHT HORSES.

The Committee on Draught Horses submit the following report :

DOUBLE TEAMS.

liCvi Kendall, Fitchburg, 1st premium, S6 00

a M. & E. B. Dole, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 4 00

SINGLE TEAMS.

Oeorge L. Rice, Leominster, 1st prem., ^ 5 00

Joel Page, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 3 00

SOLO^i GARTER, for the Committee.

29»

PLOWING— SINGLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Plowing by Single Teams have attended to their
duty, and make the following awards :

W. W. Shattuck, Fitchburg, 1st premium, |10 00

C- C. Boyden, Leominster, 2d prem., 7 00

Joseph Gushing, Fitchburg, 3d prem., 5 00

ALDEN DERBY, for the Committee.

PLOWING— HORSE TEAMS.

The Committee on Plowing Match, Horse Teams, report :

Eight Teams were entered for premium. "We award :

Joel Page, Fitchburg, 1st premium, $10 00

E. A. Goodrich, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 7 00

N. B. Reed, Princeton, 3d prem., 5 00

STEPHEN SHEPLEY, Chairman.

STOCK FOR EXHIBITION ONLY.

The Conflnittee on Animals for Exhibition, report as follows:

Six Animals wero entered — 1 Bull, grade Durham, by Augustus
Gates, Leominster, two years old, weighing 1330 ; also, 1 Jersey Bull,
by Lyman Nichols, two years old, weighing 1130, and 1 Jersey Bull,
one year old, weighing 650 ; also, 1 Heifer Calf, two months old, by
Mr. Nichols.

Again, we noticed a fine Jersey Cow, 6 years old, and Heifer Calf ITt
months old, by J. II. Lock ey.

These animals, collectively and individually, added much "to our
Show and were highly creditable to- the owners.

EPH'M GRAHAM, for the Cmnmitiee.

GRAIN.

The Committee on grain submit the following report :
The whole, number of entries is eight, all withdrawn except Solon
Carter's.

30 GRAIN.

CORN.

Solon Carter, Leominster, 1st premium, $10 00

The weight of corn on one square rod was 36 lbs., equal to 102 J
bushels per acre.

Oct 25th, the corn on 23 hills weighed, gross, 50 J lbs.

tare, 4 J '*

net, 45J lbs.
Nov. 29th, the com on 23 hills weighed, gross, 46| lbs.

tare, 4J *'

net, 42 lbs.
cob, ^ 6 '*

Shrinkage from Oct. 25th, to Noy. 29th, 3^ lbs.

corn, 36 Ibi.

Solon Carter, Leominster, 1st prem., 4 00

The weight of rye on one square rod was 7^ lbs, equal to 21 f|
bushels per acre.

All of which is respectfully submitted,

E. BIRD, /or CommUtee.

Statement of Solon Carter.

CORN.

The field of com I enter for the premium of the Society was calti>
Tft ted as follows : Ploughed the 13th and 15th of May, 7 incbes
deep ; 15 loads of manure from barn cellar spread on the grass before
plowing, and 10 loads spread on the furrows and harrowed thoroughly ;
marked out 3^ feet wide each way and planted with a double com
planter the 18th of May. It was cultiyated both ways with horse-hoe
three times, and hoed by hand but once. Top stalks cut in Sept.,
and harvested the last week in Oct.

Cost of seed and planting, $1 30

Plowing and preparation, 9 00

Manure 25 loads, 75 00

Cultivating and harvesting, 22 00

$107 50

ROOT CROPS. 31

Statement of Solon Carter.

RYE.

My field of rye was raised on land planted with corn in 1871. I
sowed two bushels to the acre the 25th of April. It came up and
looked very promising till it was beaten down in June by the hail-
storm. Much of it never recovered, consequently did not fill as it
would if it had stood up to ripen. No manure was applied except
200 lbs. of mineral fertilizer about the first of June. It was cut with
a scythe the first of Aug. It was bound, set in bunches of 12 to 16
sheaves, and covered with hay caps. It stood in the field for three
weeks ; the rye was well cured but the straw was blackened and the
grass under the bunches entirely killed. I like this way of cutting
for two reasons : First, it removes all the stubble which troubles so
much when cutting the first crop ; Second, it adds considerably to the
amount of straw.

ROOT CROPS.

The Committee on Root Crops submit the following as their report :
Although several fields were entered for premium, yet for reasons
OBknown to us, nearly all of the same were withdrawn ; probably,
however, on account of the wet and warm season, causing weeds to
grow so luxuriantly thai more hands were required to lop their wanton
growth than could be found by the owners. A field of potatoes en-
tered by Ebenezer Bird of Leominster, although yielding a less num-
ber of lbs. per square rod than is required for a premium, yet inas-
much as he had the courage not to withdraw his field, we recommend
to award a gratuity of $2.00.

MANGEL WtTRZELS.

A field of Mangel Wurzels was entered by Solon Carter, weighing
475 lbs. per square rod, or about 38 tons per acre. We award :

Solon Carter, Leominster, 1st premium, 2 00

Id behalf of the Committee,

EPH'M GRAHAM.

Statement of Solon Carter.
MANGEIi WURZELS.

I entered for the premium of the Society a patch of Mangel Wur-
■ela. They were cultivated as follows : Manure mostly spread and
plowed in, the fall before sowing. Plowed again just before sowing ;
harrowed and furrowed out one way 3^ feet wide, a little fine manure

32 GARDENS.

strewed in the furrows, and then plowed a furrow each side of the row,
turning the furrows on the manure. Smoothed the top of the ridgea
with a rake and sowed the seed on the ridge from middle to last of
May. The plants were left from 6 to 12 inches apart. An average
square rod gave 475 lbs., or a little more than thirty-eight tons per
acre. This was considerably less than my last year's crop.

Cost of plowing, $10 00

Value of manure, 120 00
Cost of seed, 4 OO ■

Cost of cultivation, 32 00

Cost of harvesting, 40 00

$206 00

GARDENS.

There was but one entry for the best garden, that of Hon. Alvah
Crocker of Fitchburg. This was visited by the Committee on the
second day of August and found to be well laid out with a good vari-
ety of vegetables, and was in good fair condition. Mr. Joseph Dyke,
Mr. Crocker's gardener, has the entire charge of the various operations.
Only one thing was seen that could not be commended, which was the
mode of disposing of weeds.

There is probably no more profitable time tf* kill a weed than the
period between the germination of the seed and the formation of the
third leaf of the young plant. At that stage a very slight disturbance
of the soil in suitable weather so disarranges the relations of the plant,
that it dies with almost absolute certainty. If the cultivation is re-
peated in time, it is done at a minimum of labor and cost, as the
ground under such circumstances, never is otherwise than open and
mellow, while if weeds are allowed to grow much beyond the stage
mentioned, cultivation does not destroy, but only retards the growth
of the weeds in a slight degree. The difference in the growth of the
crop is much more than equal to the increased expense involved by
reason of more frequent cultivations. When, therefore, a pile of
weeds pulled by hand,. approaching in bulk the crop remaining, is. to
be seen, it looks as though the soil had been made to carry two crops,
one of which is valueless, although it has drawn nutriment from the
soil and cost money to harvest, to say notliing of the consequent in-
jury to the crop that is valuable.

We wish that there had been more entries in tliis department, for
the purpose of developing a healthy competition.

We award :

Alvah Crocker, Fitchburg, 2d premium, $8 00.

JABEZ FISHER, Chairman.

APPLES, ETC. 33

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

The Committee on Apples, Peaches, Plums and Quinces, report as
follows :

APPLES.

1 2 varieties of 5 specimens each :
Thomas Upton, Fitchburg, 1st prem., Harris on Insects.

John Page, " 2d prem., $2 00

6 varieties of 5 specimens e ich.
Jabez Fisher, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 2 00

Jacob Haskell, " 2d prem., 1 50

3 varieties of 5 specimens each :
Willie A. Wyman, Fitchburg, 1st prem , I 50

Thomas Upton, " 2d prem., 1 OO

Best exhibition of 12 specimens Baldwins :
E. D. Works, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Thomas Upton, " 2d prem., 50

Hubbardston Nonsuch :
J. L. Perkins, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

C. C. Boyden, Leominster, 2d prem , 50

R. I. Greenings :
Thomas Upton, Fitchburg, 1st prem,, 1 00

J. M. Sawtell, " 2d prem., 50

Roxbury Russets :

John Page, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

C. C. Boyden, Leominster, 2d prem., 50

Gravensteinp .

J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Porter Piper, Leominster, 2d prem., 50

Palmer Greenings :

Porter Piper, Leominster, 1st prem., 1 00

J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, 2d prem., 50

GRATUITIES.

For collections of Apples including numerous varieties :
To A. P. Whitney, Lunenburg,
Cyrus Thurston, Fitchburg,
Nathan Caswell, "

Lyman Nichols, "

J. M. Twitchell,
D. S. Eaton,
Lawrin Pratt, **

B. JHJ. Boyden, Leominster, each 1 00

C

34 PEACHES, ETC.

To L. Armes and A. Crocker, Fitchburg, for one variety

of Apples, each ^^

To Thomas Upton, Fitcliburg, for Siberian Crab App-es, 50

PEACHES.

J. M. Sawtell, Fitchburg, best collection, Harris on Insects^

Best Dishes or Baskets.
E. T. Miles, 1st prem., $2 00

Alvah Crocker, 2d prem., 1 00

GRATUITIES.

S. A. Childs, Benjamin Saflford, S. D. Phelps, each 50

QUINCES .

Best Dishes or Baskets.
Joseph Marshall, Leominster, 1st prem., 1 00

James Mclntire, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 50

CRANBERRIES.

GRATUITY.

To S. M. Caswell, Fitchburg, for basket of Cranberries, 50

D. H. MERRIAM, Chairman.

PEARS AND GRAPES.

The Committee on Pears and Grapes make the following awards :

PEARS.

12 varieties of 5 each :
J. M. Twitchell, Fitchburg, 1st prem,, Harris on Insects.

Alyah Crocker, '' 2d prem., $2 00

6 varieties 5 each :
J. M. Sawtell, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 2 00

George Jewett, " 2d prem., 1 50

3 varieties 5 each.

George Jewett, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 50

Jacob Haskell, " 2d prem., 1 00

Best exhibition 12 specimens Bartletts :

Alvah Crocker, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Jabez Fisher, " 2d prem., 50

Seckels :

i^Jfalt Crocker, FitchburgfUlW jJWftBtnrtKJ^t ,ii9Wt^ ^ -'^ 1 00

Walter Hey wood, " 2d prerS , 50

PEARS AND GRAPES. 35

Flemish Beauty :

J. M. Twltchell, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Walter Heywood, " 2d prem., 50

Duchess :

George S. Houghton, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Alvah Crocker, " 2d prem., 50

Louise Bonne de Jersey : 1 00
Walter Heywood, Fitchburg, 1st prem.,

Ephraira Graham, Lunenburg, 2d prem., 50

Lawrence :

Walter Heywood, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Alvah Crocker, " 2d prem., 50

Beurre d'Anjou :

Benjamin SafFord, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Alvah Crocker, " 2d prem., 50

Sheldon :

Walter Heywood, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

George Jewett, " 2d prem., 50

GRATUITIES.

Dr. Brigham, Fitchburg, on 12 varieties, 1 00

Dr. Fisher, " . " 1 00

Benjamin Safford, *' Pears, 50

Joseph Marshall, N. Leominster, Pears, 1 00

Benjamin SafFord, Fitchburg, Bartletts, 1 00

J. M. Twitchell, " '' 1 00

George S. Houghton, '^ '' 60

Willie A. Wyman, " Flemish Beauty, 75

J. M. Twitchell, Fitchburg, Douane Boussoch, 75

• GRAPES.

Best display of Native Grapes :
No 1st premium awarded.

George Jewett, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 3 00

Best 6 clusters Israella :

George Jewett, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Walter Heywood, " 2d prem., 50

Best 6 clusters Concord :

Jabez Fisher, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

George S. Houghton, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 50

GRATUITIES.

E. T. Miles, Fitchburg, Foreign Grapes, 2 00

J. M. Sawtell, " Concord Grapes, 75

Thos. Palmer, '' " " "^ 50
L. B. CASWELL, for the Committee.

36 ASSORTED FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

ASSORTED FRUITS AND LOWERS.

The Committee on Assorted Fruits and Flowers make the following
awards :

PLANTS IN POTS.

J. M. Sawtell, Fitchburg, 1st premium, |2 00

Sylvanus Sawyer, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 1 00

NAMED PLANTS IN POTS.

J. M. Sawtell, Fitch. 1st prem, for best 3 named Plants in Pots, 2 00
Mrs. J. H. Lockey, 2d '* " " " " 1 00

CUT FLOWERS.

J. M. Sawtell, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 2 00

Mrs. G. S. Houghton, Fitchburg, 2d prem , 1 00

" " " 1st prem. best 5 named Asters, 2 00

J. M. Sawtell, " 2d " " '' '' 1 00

" ^' '* 1st prem. best 5 named Dahlias, 2 00

Joseph Jackson, " 2d '' " " " 100
J. M. Sawtell, ** 1st prem. best 5 named Verbenas, 2 00

H. E. Boyden, Leominster, 2d " " " '' 1 00

J. M. Sawtell, Fitchburg, 1st prem. for Parlor Boquets, 2 00

Mrs. G. S. Houghton, Fitch. 2d " " " " 1 00

Mrs. J. Jackson, Fitchburg, 1st prem. f( r Hand Boquets. 2 00

J. M. Sawtell, " 2d " " " " 1 00

GRATUITIES.

Mrs. Geo. Houghton, for Coxcombs and Zinnias, 2 00

Mr. S. Sawyer, Canna and Camelias, 2 00

W. J. Clifford, for Boquet, 1 00

Benj. Safford, for Wild Flowers, • 1 00

Mrs. Wm. Walker, for Pansies, 1 00

Mrs. Nancy Snow, Leominster, for Boquet, 50

Mrs. Joseph Heywood, Sterling, for Boquet, 50

Several of the above premiums might have been awarded to Sylvai-
nus Sawyer, had his gardener properly entered them in time, Mr. S.
being out of town.

'&

r. E. gjLEAYES, for the Commitke,

VEGETABLES. 37

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Garden Vegetables have attended to their duty,
and would respectfully submit the following report :

FOR BEST COLLECTION.

J. M. Sawtell, Fitchburg, 1st prem , $7 00

E. F. Wilder, Ashby, 2d prem., 5 00

GRATUITY.

Luther G. Morey, Fitchburg, 2 50

HUBBARD SQUASHES.

George S. Houghton, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Stillman Stone, Lunenburg, 2d prem., 50

MARROW SQUASHES.

Jefferson Kimball, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 1 00

Horace Wood, " 2d prem., 50

TURNIP BEETS.

Thomas Upton, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 75

George Billings, Lunenburg, 2d prem., 50

ENGLISH TURNIPS.

Benjamin Safford, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 50

PUMPKINS.

Levi Kendall, Sterling, 1st prem., 75

Silas Pratt, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 50

TOMATOES.

Dr. H. H. Brigham, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 50

J: P. Putnam, " 2d prem. 25

GRATIUITIES.

Dr. H. H. Brigham, Peppers, 25

J.' P. Putnam, Seed Corn, 75

Silas Pratt, Potatoes, 50

Thomas Upton, Onions, 75

D. S. Eaton, Ruta Bagas, 25

Chas. F. Mitchell, Fitzwilliam, N. H., Mammoth Squashes, 2 00

Franklin Nourse, Sterling, Seed Corn, 75

George S. Houghton, Celery, 75

J. P. Putnam, Seedling Potatoes, ^^

Levi Kendall, Pop Corn, 25
WM. WOODBURY, for Cue Committee.

38 BREAD, BUTTEK, CHEESE, ETC.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, PRESERVES, &c.

The Committee on Bread, Butter, Cheese, Pickles, &c., make the
following awards :

WHITE BREAD.

Miss Alice Wilker, 1st prem.,
Miss Mary Atherton, 2d prem..
Miss Mary A. Sullivan, 3d prem.,

BROWN BREAD.

Mrs. Thomas Young, 1st prem.,

Miss Alice Wilker, Ashburnham, 2d prem.,

Miss Melinda Willard, 3d prem.,

I.UMP BUTTER.

Mrs. Whittemore, 1st prem.,
Wilkes Roper, Princeton, 2d prem.,.
Mrs. Joseph Hey wood; 3d prem.,

PICKXES.

Miss C. S. Tileston, 1st prem.,
Mrs. Wm. Woodbury, 2d prem.,
Mrs. A. P. Whitney, 3d prem.,

CANNED FRUITS.

Mrs. E. Stone, Gratuity,
Mrs. E. B. Dole, "
Mrs. Jonas Corey, "

JEI.LIES.

Miss Mary Marsh, Gratuity,
Miss Ella Jaquith,

Several loaves of bread were offered quite warm, and evidently not
within the rule, and were not considered by the Committee.
Respectfully submitted,

A. NORCROSS, Chairman.

12

00

1

00

50

2

00

1

00

50

4

00

3

00

2

00

75

50

25

2 00

2

00

2 00

2

00

2

CO

MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES.

The Committee on Mechanics and Manufactures award the following
Premiums :

L. J. Brown, for Weed Sewing Machine, 1st prem., So CO

2d prem.,

4 00

3d prem.,

8 00

2 00

ithes,

3 00

3 00

2 00

3 00

8 00

MECHANICS AND MANUFACTURES. 39

Mrs. M. S. West, Wilson

L. H. Lavelly, Howe "

P. P. Stark, for Brackets,

A. D. Waymotb & Co., Wood Turning Lathes,

Clark & Chapman, for Saw Sharpener,

A. H. Simonds, for Printing Press,

J. C. Walker, for Excelsior Clothes Drier

Rollstone Machine Co., for Planing Machine,

" Band Sawing Machine

** Jig Saw,

Stretcher Machine, } 20 00

*' Saw Bench,

*' Buzz Planer,

" Self-oiling Pulley,

Henry J. Kimball, for Knowles' Steam Pump, "l

" Springfield Gas Machine, !

** Gas Fixtures, [

'* Steam and Gas Pipes, J

M. J. Morse, best Parlor Set of Furniture, 1st prem , 6 00

" best Chamber " 1st prem., 5 00

C. M. Flint, Saw Mill and Dog, 5 00
W. H. Allen, Harnesses, 1st prem., 4 00
S.G.Frost, " 2d prem., 2 00
J. C. Gill, samples of Horse Boots, _ 2 00

D. A. Corey, Crockery, Plated Ware, Paper Hangings,

Carpets and Dry Goods, 6 00

Woodrough & Co., Boston, for Assortment of Saws, 4 00

A. A. Spear, Parlor and Cook Stoves, 3 00

F. W. Ward & Co., Winchendon, 2 cases of Printing, 2 00

W. K. Jewett & Co., Pianos, 1st prem., • 6 00

J. F. Chaffin, (Arlington Piano Co.) Pianos, 2d prem., 5 00

S. G. Frost, Trotting Sulky, 1 00

Lawton & Goodnow, exhibition of Furniture, 1st prem., 8 00

L. D. Wheeler, Champion Washing Machine, 1st prem., 3 00

Waldo Whitney, Victor Water Wheel, 8 00
C. D. Reed, Ayer, Apple Corer and Slicer, 50

E. M. Dickinson, Manufacturer of Shoes, 3 00
George B. Knowlton, Hardware, ^ 00

Stoves, 3 00

Clothes Wringer, 1 00

W. A. Macurda & Co., Perfumery, ^ 00

George W. Lombard, Ring Sawing Machine, 8 00

N. E. Machine Co., Engine Lathe and Model of Wood Planer,. 3 00

" 1 Aquarium, 2 00

Box of Dividers, &c. 1 00

W. E. Henry, Cook and Parlor Stoves, 4 00

C. B. Sawyer, Machine Movement, ^ 00

Haskins Machine Co., 1 Steam Engine, 10 00

5

00

5

00

4 00

2

00

1

00

1

00

2

00

1

00

60

1

00

40 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

Haskins Machine Co., 1 Ellis Vapor Engine,

Isaac Jones, Carriages,

F. A. Whitney Carriage Co., Children's Carriages,

George Bobbins, Stoves,

M. B. White, Gambull's Washing Machine. 2d prem.,

Wm. M. Leathe, improved Washing Machine, 3d prem.,

E. G. Davis, Jig Sawing,
g H. N. Eugg, Manufacturer of Confectionery,

^ Upton & Shaw, Fertilizers,

Mrs. M. S. West, Hoop Skirts,

Woodrough & Co., Boston, Star Frame,

CHABLES FESSENDEN, for the Committee.

AGBICULTUBAL IMPLEMENTS.

Your Committee have attended to their duty, and respectfully sub-
mit the following report :

COLLECTION- OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

Buckeye Mowing Machine Co., 1 horse Mower, prem., $3 00

John P. Hunter, Worcester, 1 horse Sprague Mower, 5 00

Clipper Mowing Machine Co., on 2 horse Mower, 5 00

Buckeye " Cider Mill, 8 00

N. B. Reed, Princeton, Ox Cart, prem., 5 00

JONATHAN WHITMAN. Chairman.

FINE AKTS.

The Committee on Fine Arts make the following awards

Olli PAIXTIXG^.

Miss Louise Haskell, Fitchburg, 1st prem..
Miss S. L. Munroe, Leominster, 2d prem..
Miss Fanny Cleaves, Fitchburg, gratuity,

CRAYOX DRAWINGS.

Edwin Cleaves, Fitchburg, 1st prem.,

Mrs. C. L. Fairbanks, Fitchburg. 2d prom.,

4

00

2

00

2

00

3

00

2

00

FANCY ARTICLES. 41

PENCIL DRAWINGS.

George Wilson, Fitchburg, 1st prem., 2 00

Mi^s Ella S. Wright, Fitchburg. 2d prem., 1 00

Miss Jennie Goodrich, " gratuity, 75

Miss Emma Palmer, «< «« yg

Mrs. C. L. Fairbanks, Fitchburg, Colored Pencilling, 75

Miss May Caldwell, Fitchburg, Water Color Painting, &c , 2 00

Mrs. S. E, Field, Fitchburg, 2 Chromotypes, 2 00

Mrs. J. M. Carpenter, Fitchburg, 1 Worsted Wreath, 1 00

Mrs. P. J. Fales, Fitchburg, Seed Wreath and Frame, 1 25

Mrs. M. M. Downer, Shell Monument and Frame, 75

Miss Jennie Upham, Fitchburg, Wax Flowers, 50
George E. Ferson, Fitchburg, (9 years of age,) 2 Pencil

Drawings, 50

Miss Carrie S. Lowe, 1 Pencil Drawing. 30

J. HASKELL, Chairman.

FANCY ARTICLES.

The Committee on Fancy Articles make the following report :

Daniel Pratt, Tidies. 2 00

Israel Whitney, 2 Quilts and Cushion, 75

Nelly Weston, I Affghan, 50

Mrs. J. V. Hall, 1 Quilt, 25

Mrs. Nancy Snow, 1 Quilt, 50

A. B. Whitney, Rugs, 1 00

Alice King, Tidy, L5

MissHattie Manninsr, Tidies, 50

'e '

C. H. Smith, Tidies and Table Cover, 1 00

Mrs. J. Paige, Tidies, 30

Miss L. Maria Winchester, Worsted Work, 50

Miss C. Marshall, 2 Tidies, 30

Josie Smith, Sack. 25

Mrs. Houghton, Collar, 25

Miss Carrie Howarth, 2 Tidies, 30

Marietta Harrington, Assorted Articles, 50

Jennie Goodrich, 2 Mats, 25

Miss J. Joel, Mat and Cushion, 50

Mary A. Boyden, Toilet Set, . 75

Henry A. Hall, Birds (stuffed), 75

Mrs Young, Mat, 15

Willie A. Lowe, Old Almanac and Grasshopper, 25

42 TROUT.

Miss Jennie Upham, Wax Flowers and Tidy, 50

Frank Works, Eggs, 25

Mrs. H. H. Dickson, Tidies, &c., 75

Mary L. Dennis, Toilet Set, Tidies and Worked Yoke, 1 50

Miss Jennie McCarthy, Worsted Work, 75

Amanda Fox, Lamp Mat, 25

E. Marble, Insects, 50

Mrs. Cozzens, 2 Tidies, 30

Mrs. Kilburn, 1 Tidy, 30

Emma F. Kimball, 1 Tidy, ' 15

Mrs. N. Snow, 4 Cushions, 1 00

Mrs. J. M. Carpenter, 1 Night Dress, 50

Miss M. S. Allen, Ottoman Cover, 50

0. Stockwell, 1 Case Butterflies, 50

Miss Mary Cashing, 1 Rag Ruo-, 25

Mrs. M. A. Beckwith, Bead Work, 25

Katy A. Trimnell, 1 Rug, 75

Mrs. W. M. Kershaw, 1 Rug, 50

Miss A. J. Hubbard, 1 Rug. 50

Mrs. Pierce, Worsted Wreath, _ 1 00

Lizzie Priest, Boquet of Worsted Work, 75

Addie F. Lowe, Dried Autumn Leaves, 25

Fred A. Goodrich, Collection of Bird's Eggs, 50

Miss J. Murnane, 1 Bead Cushion, '''' 50

Lottie E. Caswell, I Lamp Mat, 50

F. MAGWIRE, Chairman.

TROUT.

The offer of premiums for the best living trout not less than six i n
number, was a happy thought. The result did very much to interest
the visitors to the Hall, as proved by the continuous crowd of persons
of all ages whiph swarmed around the tanks containing the bea utiful
specimens. There were three entries, but only one, that of Hon.
Ohio Whitney of Ashburnham, contained the requisite number of
fish artificially raised. Trout of one to four years old, "perfect
beauties,-' as every one said, looking "good enough to eat," disported
themselves in a way that made it hard to keep hands off.

The artificial propagation of fish is an interest that is constantly in-
creasing in magnitude, although the growth of only some half dozen
years. There are a number of breeders of trout in our vicinity who
are attaining an apparent success that affords much gratification. We
hope to see them all represented in our future exhibitions, and also in
competition for the premiums for the best experiment in raising trout.

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS. 43

We award as follows :

Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham, 1st prem., $5 00

Jewett & Colony, Fitchburg, grat., 150

Waymoth & Monroe, Fitchburg, grat., 1 50

JABEZ FISHER, Chairman.

ESSAYS.

The Committee on "Essays," report that three papers were submit-
ted to their consideration, but none appeared of sufficient merit to de-
serve the first premium.

The second premium of fifteen dollars the committee award to the
Essay, "Our Forests."

STEPHEN SHEPLEY, Chairman.

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS AND GRATUITIES AWARDED.

Amount awarded for Town Teams,

" " Neat Stock,

" " " Horses,

" " " Swine,

" Sheep,

" Poultry,

'' " " Fruits,

" '• " Flowers,

" " " Vegetables,

" " *' Bread,

" , " Butter,

" " " Agricultural Implements,

*' " " Manufactures,

" " " Other Objects,

$30

00

272

00

134

00

40

00

1

00

35

00

80

25

30

00

72

00

7

00

9

00

21

CO

240

00

150 87

^1,122 12

The Premiums and Gratuities paid to two hundred and one persons,
were distributed as follows : . „ .

Fitchburg,

$570 11

Ashburnham,

1 75

Leominster,

211 42

Winchendon,

1 00

Lunenburg,

86 07

Sterling,

2 25

Princeton,

22 00

Ayer,

50

Harvard,

10 00

Fitzwilllam, N. 11.,

1 00

Templeton,

10 (0

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Worcester North Agricultural Society,

In account with Geo. S. Houghton ^ Treamrer.

1872.

^Jan. 1, By Casb

on hand, i

Feb. 24 '

From New Loan,

Aag. Y, ''

Borrowed on Note of Treasurer,

Sept. 25, ''

For Admission to Fair,

-a 4( ((

Entrance Fees,

.(■( it a

Rent of Grounds,

i(( 4e I i'

Tickets to Annual Dinner,

a.€ iC a

Of H. A. Goodrich for marking boards.

<Oct. 10, ''

From State Treasurer,

':Eow. 30, '^

" New Members,

Cr.

$1,030 43

3,000 00

150 00

1,610 74

24 00

106 00

161 00

14 00

600 00

70 00

,766 17

1872. Dr.

'Jan. To Cash paid Salary Henry Allison, Treas. 1871, $50 00

" " For Advertising, 1871, 92 50

'^ " " Labor, Fair 1871, 128 73

^' " C. H. Benton, Labor, 1870, 8 50
'' " Lumber and Carpenter Work for

Seats and Temporary Building, 376 81

" " Printing, 1869 and 1870, 387 99
" *' Shafting, Labor and Freight for

Mechanical Department, 338 62

" '' Police Service, 1871, 8 50

" " Annual Dinner, 1871, 18100

*' " Fitchburg and Leominster Bands, 86 67
" 'f Geo. Bobbins & Co. Smoke Stack,

Repairs of Pumps, &c., 83 93

" " T. B. Works, Hay for 1870 and '71, 96 59

'* " W. E. Clapp, Teaming Cinders, &c., 52 50

<' •' E. Atkinson, painting house, 1869, 16 18
" " B. W. Eddy, ex-Treasurer, Cash

overpaid 1869, 47 72
" '' G. S. Houghton, Salary as Sec'y, 100 00
Postage, Tele-
graphing, Stationery, &c., 61 91
" " Fitch. Gas Co., Filling Balloon, 64 00
" Premiums and Gratuities, 1870, 14 Oq

treasurer's report. 4r>

Jan. To Cash paid Int. on Miles, Fisher & Cushing's

Note, 18G9, 1870, 1871, 1,564 32'

" " Shepley&Co.Stationery, 18G0, '70, 20 89'

" " " " Grain and Horse Hire, 16 50'
Aug. 7, ** " " For Six Months Interest on Note

for $3000, 105 00

Oct. 7, " " " I. P. Jaquith, TendingGate2days, 4 00

" 8, '' " " W. E. Clapp, Teaming, 16 05'

" " " " " J. C. & H. L. Piper, Printing, 19 75
" '' ** " " Geo. Burford, Jr., Selling Tickets 2 days,6 00

'' " '' " " Henry Knight, 10 days Labor, 30 00

" '' '* " " L. Oakraan, Setting Glass, 1.50'

" " '' " '' D. W. Rugg, Labor and Watching, 8 50'
" " " '* " H. J. Colburn, Supt. Mechanical

Department, and Postage, 23 Od

" '' " " " L. Barker, Lumber and Labor, 127 39'

" " " " " Money borrowed on Treasurer's Note, 151 75;
" " '' " " T. P. Connig, Gate Keeper 2 days

and evening, 9^ 00^^

" 25, 'V '' " S. W. Harris, Police Service, 6 00'

" " " '' '* N. L Cochran, Carpenter Work, 22 50>*
" " " " " Roll. Machine Works, Shafting, &c.; 153 71
" " '• " '* Wrn. R. Elford, Labor and damage

to clothing, 24 00*

" " '' '' " Fitchburg Railroad, Freight, 11 59-

" " '' " " Wm. A. Carleton,Sell'g Tickets 1 day, 3 00

'' " " " '' H. E. Caswell, Care of Tent, &c., 10 00

" " " " " John M. Lockey, Asst. Secretary, 5 00

•* " " " " A. P. Goodridge, Hay, 48 00

" " " " " J. H. Lockey, Leominster Baud, 115 00

" '' " " " Garfield & Proctor, Coal, 1172"

'* '' '' " " Dow & Starbuck, Tin Work, 14 98

" " " " " Haskins Machine Co., Grate Bars, 9 23

"' " " - '* C. E. Sawtelle, Labor, 15 05

" " " " " T. Alexander, Carpenter Work, 8 75-

" " " - " L. J. Brown, Table Cloths, 33 12

" " " " '' S. S. Dow, Filling Tank, &c., 20 5a

" " " " " M. F. Plimpton, Asst. Secretary, 7 00'

" " " " " Insurance, Fitch. Mutual Ins. Co., 10 80-

" " " " " Premiums, Annual Exhibition, 1872, 913 62

" " " '' " S. A. King, Balloon Ascension, ' 300 00

Nov. 80, " " " M. Gleason, Annual Dinner, 301 45-

" '• *• " " Geo. S. Houghton, Salary ^Secretary

and Treasurer, ' 150 OO

'• " " " •* Postage, 20 la

" " Cash on hand, 249 02

• $6,766 17

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

The Twentieth Annual Exhibition of the Society was held at their
grounds on Tuesday and Wednesday, Sept. 24th and 25th. We were
more highly favored in respect to weather than many others, the pres-
ent season, for both days were mild and pleasant. The attendance on
the first day was not very large, but on the second was fully equal to,
or greater than that at any other show of the Society. A different
result was feared by some, and boldly predicted by other?, ou account
of a somewhat radical change in the programme, viz., the leaving out
of all professional trotting for large purses, and the substitution
therefor of a mechanical department in which was shown a large num-
ber of the machines and other products of the manufacturing establish-
ments of Worcester North. The change was certainly without any
bad effect on the attendance, and yet, many of those who most desired
it, did not know it was to be made, and therefore did not exert them-
selves so much to secure the success of the Fair as they would if they
had known of , the difference between this and many preceding Fairs.
It cannot be denied that the ''Agricultural Horse Trot" is losing
favor amono- most of the Agricultural Societies of New England, at
least, and that in future it will receive a less share of attention, in
proportion to the more legitimate branches of the show.

It is not likely that any less encouragement will be given to the
raisino- and exhibition Q,i really fine horses, for the demand, and prices paid
for such, are constantly increasing; but docility, beauty, fine carriage
and endurance will be sought for rather than the mere ability to trot a
mile in a few seconds less than the average of good horses. Many, if
not most of the fiist horses are utterly worthless except for exhibition
in a race, and to draw around them the gambUng and other crimes and
disorders which inevitably follow in their wake, but the 30 Gents'
Drivino- and Family Horses shown at our last Fair were every one of
them fil for solid use as well as pleasant to look uppn.

The very general expression of favor with which the change was
received was exceedingly gratifying to those who had aided in bringing

it about.

The show of Thorough -bred Stock was better than ever before in
quality, though hardly up to those of one or two previous years in
point of numbers. As usual, Capt. E. T. Miles led in the exhibition
of Ayrshires, Mr. Augustus Whitman in Short Horns, and Mr. J. F.
Brown in Jerseys, but there were many fine animals shown by other
parties.

Of grade and native stock there was less than usual, and but two
sheep, while of swine and poultry the display was excellent, and very
large. The following account of the mechanical exhibition we copy
from the Fitchhurg Sentinel :

secretary's report. 47

MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT.

We were agreeably disappointed at the opening of tlie Fair on Tues-
day inorning, at the display of machinery and other articles on the
lower floor of the building, as upon the previous afternoon the appear-
ance was that the room would have a decidedly empty look ; but at
last the exhibitors came in nobly, and the building had as busy a look
as usual, though we think that Fitchburg, as an eminently mechanical
city should have had a better machinery display. Commencing at the
further end of the building, under the shed, we found one of C. M.
Flint's excellent Circular Saw Mills. This mill is self-setting and
shifting. The log being put on and fastened down and the saw started,
the operator has no further care till the log is sawed into boards or
planks, as the case may be, the mill reversing its motion at each end
and feeding itself for a new cut, automatically, going a slow forward
motion while sawing, and a very quick back motion of carriage, thus
saving much time. Next to the saw-mill was one of "Tefts Patent
Saw Sharpeners and Gummers," manufactured by Clark & Chatman
Machine Co., at Turner's Falls, Mass.; a solid Emery Wheel, revolv-
ing very rapidly, taking the metal out of large circular saws with sur-
prising rapidity, and throwing out a stream of sparks sufficient in num-
ber, apparently, to satisfy all the crowd of ladies attending the Fair.
There were the Boilers, supplied by D. M. Dillon & Co., which fur-
nished the steam to run the engines and pump ; these were fed with
water by a " Knowles" Steam Pump, put in place by Mr. H. J. Kim-
ball, which also forced water to the various fish tanks inside the build-
ing, etc, working finely both days. Mr. Kimball also furnished all
the Piping used, and lighted the building very beautifully, Tuesday
evening, with a Self Generating Gas Apparatus. Just within the
main building were two of the Haskins Vertical Engines, which fur-
nished the motive power for the various machines in operation. These
are very beautiful engines, with balanced valves, of the best work-
manship, and, we understand, very cheap in proportion to the power
obtained. The intention was to run one of the engines with the vapor
of the bi-sulphide of carbon, boiled by the exhaust from the other, on
the ^' Ellis" system, but the manufacturer failed to get the bi-sulphide
here in season, so both were running with steam. Next to the engine
were the various machines of the Kollstone Machine Co., who took the
First Premium for Machines. They exhibited one of their Double
Circular Saws, so arranged that either a fine cross-cut saw, or a rip
saw, can be used, a Band Saw, a Jig Saw, one large Plane about the
usual style, and a small " Buzz" Planer for small surfacing work, and
finally, a " Stretcher" for turning chair rounds, &c., altogether making
a very nice display, with the shavings flyiug, sawing out small chairs,
etc., etc. The New England Machine Co. had an Engine Lathe for
iron work, and a very small Wood Planer for exhibition, the latter
smoothing off small pieces of board from two to five inches in width.
This Company intended putting in one of their Portable Engines, but
could not obtain their boiler in season. Mr, A. D. Waymoth put in

48 SECRETAay's report.

two of bis Wood Working Lathes, which turn out various little knick-
knacks of different patterns, with marvelcus celerity and ease. One
of the most novel machines and one that attracted a great deal ef
attention, was " Lombard's Ring Saw Machine," made by Goodspeed
& Wyman, of Winchendon. Mr. Lombard himself was present and
explained to all who asked, the operation of the saw. It has no cen-
tre or arbor, running upon friction blocks of rawhide and receiving
motion from the friction of a swiftly-revolving leather covered wheel.
It is getting to be extensively used in chair shops, and wherever used
is very much liked. Another novelty was a little machine exhibited
by Mr. C. B. Sawyer of Fitchburg, which, by a peculiar combination
of gears, a chain, &c , raised a weight twice as high as could be done
in any other way by the same power. A very pretty and pleasing
picture was made in the artistic arrangement by Mr. Woodrough, of the
various styles of Saws he exhibited, the bright steel showing off to
advantage upon his dark cloth background. Up at the right, near the
main entrance, was a large array of Stoves from W. E. Henry, G. B.
Knowlton, Geo. Bobbins, and A. A. Spear. Each had a good show
and all the Stoves shone well and were duly admired and talked over
by the ladies more especially. Mr. W. E. Henry showed the "Hot
Blast Cooking Stove," which was a little ahead of anything we have
seen in that line, combining all the modern conveniences with several
new ones, m.aking it apparently easier to cook than not, besides saving
fuel. Besides his Stoves, Mr. Knowlton made, as usual, a fine display
of Hardware in a case and upon the wall, showing all kinds of Carpen-
ters's Tools as well as many other small things. Mr. S G. Frost
exhibited a number of first-class Harnesses, some Blankets, &c., mak-
ing quite a show. Mr. W. H. Allen also had some Harnesses, an
extensive array of Valises, &c , &c. There were several light, com-
fortable looking Carriages and Buggies, made by Isaac Jones of West
Amesbary, causing people to long for a horse to be attached and an
opportunity to take a ride, and also taking the first premium. The
Furniture displayed by Messrs. Lawton & Goodnow, and Mr. M. J.
Morse, was decidedly handsome, black walnut, mahogany, marble tops,
&c., &c. Mr. Morse came near being drowned out by the overflowing
of one of the fish tanks above, but fortunately his goods received but
little damage. He received the premium as having the best assort-
ment, but Lawton & Goodnow deserve recognition for their own manu-
facturing and upholstering of tlie Furniture exhibited by them. The
"F. A. Whitney Carriage Co," had quite a variety of Baby Carriages,
Toy Carts, &c., on exhibition. The Candy, Fruit and Cake stand
seemed to have at least its fair share of attention as also the table of
shells. The Trout were finally brought down stairs, and were at all
times surrounded by an admiring crowd. • Several of the trout were of
emrmous size. We were glad to see so many out of town exhibitors,
and hope there will be an increased number each year. We also hope
that our own townspeople will take hold much more earnestly amtther
year.

secretary's report. 49

The show in the Upper Hall was very fine, and by its effeotive
arrangement did great credit to the taste and skill of Mr. Edwin
P. Monroe, the Superintendent of this Department. Tlio display of
fruit was unusually large and of very fine quality, and of canned fruits
and preserves there were more shown than ever before.

Dinner was served in very creditable style at 12 o'clock, in the
Fusiliers' tent, by Mr. Gleason, steward of the Rollstone House. The
President, Hon. John H. Lockey, presided, and Rev. Dr. Grant
invoked the Divine blessing, after which full justice was done to the
eatables prepared. The annual Address was then delivered by Rev.
C. W. Emerson of Fitchburg. This was given almost wholly extem-
pore, and the brief report which we publish does not do the speaker
full justice. After the address, Major J. Ladd of Lowell, delegate
from the Mass. State Board of Agriculture, made a very pleasant
speech. Excellent music was furnished on both days by the Leom-
inster Band.

The Plowing Match and trials of Working Oxen and Draft Horses
in the forenoon, and the Foot Race, Trial of Steam Fire Engines, &c.,
in the afternoon were the chief out-door exercises of the day.

Wednesday was " horse day," though not so exclusively so as in
some past years, as a large part of the other stock was still present,
and a large share of attention was also given to the mechanical exhibi-
tion, the balloon ascension, foot and sack races, &c. The show of
Family and Gents' Driving Horses has probably never been excelled
in this community, and the exhibition of them upon the track was very
satisfactory to the thousands present.

The balloon ascension was made at a quarter to four, by Walter S.
King, a son of the veteran Prof. S. A. King, the Prof, being obliged
to leave before the time appointed, to meet a previous engagement at
Plymouth, N. H. Young King came near being thrown out soon
after starting, by contact with the top of a pine tree, but afterward
had a pleasant voyage to where he landed in the town of Brookline,

Great credit is due to the Chief Marshal, Gen. John W. Kimball,
and his aids, for their efficient services, and also to H. J. Colburn,
Supt. of Mechanical Department, E. P. Monroe, Supt. of Upper
Hall, A. P. Goodrich, Supt. of Cattle, and Wm. Wooobury, Supt. of
Horses, for their faithful and successful efforts to add to the interest of
the exhibition.

The Secretary cannot commend the neglect of nearly one-fourth of
the persons appointed upon committees, who neither presented them-
selves to discharge their duties, nor gave him seasonable notice of their
inability to do so. Such neglect is embarrassing to him, but even
more annoying to many others, on the day of the Fair, and he hopes
that another year will bring a great improvement in this respect. The
reports made by committees, and statements by competitors, are shorter
and less interesting than almost ever before, and this too we hope to sec
greatly improved upon another year. The premiuma offered for extended
reports are certainly liberal, and if not large enough they should be

50 PRESIDENTS AND ORATORS.

increased, for much of the benefit to be derived from our Fairs will
come from careful and intelligent criticism on the articles, animals, or
experiments offered for premium,

GEO. S. HOUGHTON, Secretary.

PRESIDENTS, ORATORS AND SECRETARIES

OF THE

Worcester North Agricultural Society.

PRESIDENTS :

1850-1.— ABEL F. ADAMS, Esq. Fitchburg.
1852-8.— Hon. IYERS PHILLIPS, Fitchburg.
1854-5.— Hon. MOSES WOOD, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, M.D., Fitchburg.
1858-9.— Hon. JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
1860-1.— THOMAS BILLINGS, Esq., Lunenburg.
1862-3.-LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Esq., Fitchburg.
1864-5.— Hon. OHIO WHITNEY, Jr., Ashburnham.

1866. —JOSEPH UPTON, Esq., Fitchburg.

1867. —JOSHUA T. EVERETT, Esq.. Princeton.

1868. —EUGENE T. MILES, Esq., Fitchburg.

1869. —SAMUEL OSGOOD, Esq., Sterling.

1870. —WILLIAM WOODBURY, Fitchburg.
1871-2.— Hon. JOHN H. LOCKEY, Leominster.
1873. —STEPHEN SHEPLEY, Fitchburg.

orators :

1850.-HON. CHARLES HUDSON, Lexington.
1852.— THOMAS E. PAYSON, Esq., Rowley,
1853.— Rev. HORATIO STEBBINS, Fitchburg.
1854.— Gov. EMORY WASHBURN, Worcester.
1855.— Hon. NATHANIEL P. BANKS, Waltham.
1856.— CHARLES L. FLINT, Esq., Boston.
1857.— JUSTUS TOWER, Esq., Lanesborough.
1859.— Hon. GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, Groton.
I860.— Hon. GEORGE B. LORING, Salem.
1861.— Hon. A. H. BULLOCK, Worcester.
1862.— Rev. A. N. ARNOLD, D. D., Westboro'.
1863.— LUTHER H. TUCKER, Esq., Albany, K. Y.
1867.— GEORGE E. TOWNE, Esq., Fitchburg.
1868.— Hon. DANIEL NEEDHAM, Groton.
1869.— Hon. WILLIAM SPRAGUE, Rhode Island.
1870.— Hon. ALVAII CROCKER, Fitchburg.
1871.— Dr. JAMES R. NICHOLS, Boston.
1872.— Rev. C. W. EMERSON, Fitchburg.

SECRETARIES. 51

SECRETARIES

1850-1.— XATHAN UPIIAM, Fitcbbiirg.
1852.. —JOSEPH PIERCE, Fitchburg.
1853. —CHARLES ^y. WILDER, Fitchburg.
1854-5.-THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
1858-63.-WILLIAM G. WYMAN, Fitchburg.
1864. —LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1866-6.— ALVIN M. SAWYER, Fitchburg.
1867-9.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1870. —WALTER A. FAMES, Fitchburg.
1871-3.— GEORGE S. HOUGHTON, Fitchburg.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS

FOE THE

TWENTY-FIEST ANNUAL EXHIBITION,

TO BE HELD AT FITCHBUEG,

Tuesday and Wednesday, September 23d and 24tli, 1873.

No person will be allowed to become a competitor for any of the
Premiums herein offered, unless he shall have made an entry for the
same, with the Secretary, within the time prescribed for each class,
nor unless he shall have furnished all required statements relating
thereto, within the specified time.

For the convenience of those who live at a distance, entries may
be made by mail ; and all entries so made must be delivered at some
post-office one day previous to the expiration of the time specified, and
must bear proof of having been so delivered, either by postmark, or
a certific'^ite of registry from the postmaster.

1^ Communications for the Secretary should be sent to Fitchburg.

STOCK.

All entries for premiums under this head must be made on or
before the Friday previous to the Show, except Horses and Poultry,
which may be as late as the Monday previous, and all stock must be
owned by the person who enters it.

All persons who are required to furnish a statement, must do so to
the Secretary at the time of making the entry, and he shall post copies
on the days of exhibition.

All live stock must have been raised by the person entering the
same, or owned by him at least three months next previously, except
in the case of mis-mating oxen and horses, rendered necessary by
injury or disease.

Each entry of stock for the pens must specify the breed of the
animal, if known, and the age.

' Fat cattle, working cattle, and draught horses must be weighed on
the scales on the grounds of the Society, and a certificate furnished
the Secretary.

64 PREMIUMS.

The weight of all other stock will not be required.

All stock except oxen shown only in Town Teams, taken from the
grounds before 3 o'clock p. m. on Wednesday, without permission of
the President, shall forfeit all premiums that may have been awarded
to it. .

The committees on Neat Stock, Sheep, Swine and Poultry, and on
the Trials of Working Oxen, and the Plowing Match, shall make
their awards previous to 3 o'clock p. m. on Tuesday. They shall
designate the premiums immediately with printed ribbons or cards, blue
for first, red for second and white for third, and shall make their re-
ports to the Secretary previous to 12 o'clock m. on Wednesday.

The Society will provide good hay for all Stock entered for premium
or exhibition during the time of the Show, and will furnish grain at
cost, to all who may require it.

Hereafter, the best animals exhibited shall be entitled to the
premiums, without regard to former awards.

Committee in charge of Grounds. — J. M. Sawtell, Joseph Gush-
ing, Fitchburg.

Committee on Pedigrees. — E. T. Miles, Joel Page, Fitchburg ;
Augustus Whitman, Leominster.

Committee on Animals for Exhibition. — Ephraim Graham of
Lunenburg.

Committee on Forage. — A. P. Goodridge, Fitchburg. '

Committee on Finance. — Stephen Shepley, Fitchburg.

THOROUGH BRED STOCK.

Committee. — D. S. Pratt, Brattleboro' ; Andrew Bobbins, Groton ;
0. B. Hadwen, Worcester ; Edwin B. Works, Fitchburg ; Josiah
Page, Westminster; Merrick Wallace, Ashburnham ; Joseph Whit-
ney, Sterling.

SHOKTHORNS, AYRSHIRES, JERSEYS, DEVONS, OR
OTHER THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

Herds consisting of One Bull and not less than Four Females, all one
year old and upwards, and owned by the competitor for four months-
preceding the show. Two premiums — $12, 8.

BULLS.

Two years old and upwards. Two premiums — $8, o.

One year old and under two. Two premiums — $6, 4. ,

Calves (under one year). Two premiums — $5, 3.

PREMIUMS. 55

COWS.

Four years old and upwards. Two |Dremiums— $G, 4.
Three years old and under four. Two premiums — $5, 3.
Two years old and under three. Two premiums— ^4, 2.
One year old and under two. Two premiums — $3, 2.
Calves (under one year). Two premiums — $8, 2.

Competitors for premiums on milch cows, whether for herds or sin-
gle animals, and milk heifers, will be required to certify in writing, at
the time of entry, to the weight of the milk, or the weight of the
butter, as the case may be, during each of the six days commencing
with the first Monday in June, and the corresponding six days in Sep-
tember, and to the manner of keeping and general management.
Cows that calve near or after the first Monday in June, may be tried
at another time.

Competitors will be required to state the, time of last calving of
their cows.

STOCK NOT TIIOROUGH-BKED.

Thorough-bred Stock may compete in the following classes, but
shall have no advantage on account of blood or pedigree.

MILCH KINE.

Committee. — Samuel Osgood, Sterling ; Edmund Houghton, Lu-
nenburg ; John Cutter, Winchendon ; Chas. K. iSawyer, Fitchburg ;
Timothy Lincoln, Leominster.

Herds of four cows or heifers, each. Two premiums — ^l^., 1 .
The committee will regard age, expense of keeping, &c.

Cows for butter. Two premiums — $5, 4.

Heifers, three years old, for butter. Two premiums — So, 4.

Heifers, two years old, for butter. Two premiums — $4, 3.

Cows, for milk. Two premiums — S5, 4.

Heifers, three years old, for milk. Two premiums— $5, 4.

Heifers, two years old, for milk. Two premiums — $4, 3.

Competitors for premiums on milch cows, whether for herds or sin-
gle animals, and milch heifers, will be required to certify in writin g
at the time of entry, to the weight of the milk, or to the weight of
butter, as the case may be, during each of the six days commencing
with the first Monday in June, and the corresponding six days in
September, and to the manner of keeping and general management.
Cows that calve near or aft^r the first Monday in June, may be tried
at another time.

56 PREMIUMS.

Competitors will be required to state the time of last calving of
their cows.

HEIFERS.

Committee. — A. B. Davis, Clinton ; Silas Hosmer, Fitchburg ;
Edmund Houghton, Lunenburg ; Franklin Nourse, Sterling ; Samuel
Hayward, Ashby.

Intended to be keptior the Dairy.

Two years old. Two premiums — $4, 3.
Yearlings. Two premiums — $3, 2.

HEIFER CALVES.

Committee. — J. E. Merriara, Princeton ; Henry A. Woods, Leom"
inster; Geo. Billings, Lunenburg; Porter F. Page, Westminster,
Augustus Hubbard, Ashby.

Calves more than four months old. Two premiums — $4, 3.
Calves more than four months old, raised by hand. Two premi-
ums—$4, 3.

Persons exhibiting calves raised by hand, shall furnish statements
to the Secretary, of the manner of raising.

YEARLING STEERS AND STEER CALVES.

Committee. — Thomas Sheldon, Geo. 0. Stiokney, Fitchburg; Jas.
H. Laws, Ashburnham ; Ephraim Johnson, Leominster ; John Fair-
banks, Lunenburg.

Yearlings Two premiums — $3, 2.

Trained Yearlings. Two premiums — $8, 2.

Calves. Two premiums — $6, 4.

Calves raised by hand. Two premiums — $6, 4.

Trained Calves. Two premiums — $4, 3.

Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums — $3, 2.

Persons exhibiting calves raised by hand, shall furnish a fitatement
to the Secretary of the manner of raising.

PENS OF CALVES.

Committee. — Joseph Whitney, Sterling; Joel Page, Fitchburg;
Henry W. Gill, Princeton ; John G. Woodward, A.shburnham ; Geo.
L. Rice, No. Leominster.

Best pen of Calves, not less than four. Two premiums — $10, 5.

Calves entered in Pens of Calves canLot compete for premiums as
single animals.

PREMIUMS. ' 57

WORKING OXEN— SINGLE TEAMS.

Committee.— 3o\on Carter, Leominster ; W. W. Shattuek, Silas
Pratt, Fitchburg ; Geo. G. Sampson, Ashburnham ; Reuben Vose,
Jr., Winchendon.

Working Oxen. Five premiums — $7, 6, 5, 4, 3.
Best Minor Teamsters. Two premiums — $5, 3.

The Working Oxen will be tried attached to loads weighing, includ-
ing the cart, one-third more than themselves.

STEERS MORE THAN TWO YEARS OLD.

Committee. — Geo. Woods, Leominster ; Frank P. Putnam, Fitch-
burg ; Josiah Page, W. Fitchburg ; George Howard, Ashburnham ;
Aaron P. Whitney, Lunenburg.

Three years old. Two premiums — $5,
Best Minor Teamster. Two premiums

I— $1, 2.

The three years old steers will be attached to carts and tried like the
oxen on the same ground ; the cart and load to ec[ual the steers in
weight.

Two years old. Two premiums — $4, 3.
Trained Two years old. Two premiums — $4 2.
Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums — ^$3. 2.

FAT CATTLE.

Committee. — Estabrook Moore, Leominster; John Lowe, T. Benton
Works, Fitchburg; Wm. H. Sawyer, Sterling; Amasa Bancroft,
Gardner.

Best Fat Ox. Two premiums— $8, 5.

Best Fat Cow. Two premiums— $6, 3.

Best fat Steer or Heifer. Two premiums — ^6, 4.

All competitors with fat cattle must furnish a statement to the Sec-
retary, of the mode and expense of feeding.

SWINE.

Commz«ee.— Herbert IngallS; Abel Derby, Fitchburg; John Page,
No. Leominster ; Marshall Whpe, Ashburnham ; Geo. Kendall, Ster-
ling.

Must be entered like other stock.

Boars more than one year old. Two premiums — $4, 3.

5S PREMIUMS.

Less than one year old. Two premiums — $3, 2.

Best Fat Hogs, having regard to age. Two premiums — $8, 4.

Fat Pigs less than eight months old — Two premiums— $4, 2.

Breeding Sows. Two premiums — $8, 4.

Weaned Pigs, not less than four. Two premiums — $4, 2.

All Swine, and each litter of Pigs, will be allowed' fifteen cents
mileage for each mile more than two, that they are brought.

SHEEP.

Committee. — Jacob P. Hazen, Shirley Village ; Daniel North,
Wm. H. A^ose, Chas. Fessenden, Wm. Gould, Fitchburg.

Flocks. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Bucks. Two premiums — $5, 3.
Cossets. Two premiums — $2, 1.
Flocks of Lambs. Two premiums — $4, 2.

Flocks of sheep must contain at least six, owned by one person.
Lambs less than six months old cannot compete as sheep.

POULTRY.

Committee. — Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg ; S. A. Tisdale, Leorain-
gter ; E. P. Downe, Mrs. L. B. Fisher, Miss Jennie Farwell, Fitch-
burg.

Must be entered like other stock.

Barn -yard fowls; not less than three.

Brahmas. Two premiums — $2, 1.

Black Spanish. Two premiums — $2, 1 .

White Leghorns. Two premiums — $2, 1.

Any other breed. Two premiums — $2, 1.

Turkeys, not less than three. Two premiums — $3, 2.

Geese, not less than three. Two premiums — $3, 2.

Ducks, not less than three. Two premiums — $3, 2.

TOWN TEAMS.

Committee. — E. W. Stone, Otter Biver; Josiah Puffer, Harvard;
Leonard Downe, Abel Marshall, Fitchburg ; John Davis, Ashby.

Best Town Teams, not less than fifteen yoke from any one town'
Two premiums— $30, 20.

These teams may consist of either oxen or steers, or both.

PREMIUMS. 59

FOOT RACE.

Committee. — Geo. B. Proctor, S. J. M. Weston, James Dalejr
Herbert D. Goodridgc, Fitchburg ; Jonas W. Gates, Leominster.
One race each day.

Half mile heats. Four premiums — S5, 4, 3, 2.

Three entries to be made.

A person having previously received one premium, can only com-
pete for a higher.

HORSES. •

Entries for all horses where entrance fee is required to be paid, must
be made before 9 o'clock A. M. of the day on which they are
exhibited.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES-SINGLE.

Committee. — Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham ; Cephas Derby, Leom-
inster ; Chandler H. Loring, Sterling ; S. W. A. Stevens, So. Gard-
ner ; Geo. H. Proctor, Fitchburg.

Gentlemen's Driving Horses. Four premiums— ;$6, 4, 3, 2.
Entrance fee, $1.
Speed considered, but not to govern.

In the trial of horses in this class, they shall make a' standing start
from the Judges' stand.

WALKING HORSES.

Committee. — John W. Dickinson, Charles H. Brown, Fitchburg;
Antipas Maynard, Ashburnham ; Edwin Gates, No. Leominster ;
Jesse Foster, Ashby.

Walking Horses. Four premiums — f 6, 4, 3, 2.
Entrance fee, $1.

Horses entered in this class will be required to walk one mile, car-
rying a load to equal their own weight including the carriage.

MATCHED DRIVING HORSES.

Committee. — k. L. Burditt, Leominster; John F. Brown, Lunen-
burg; Henry C. Hill, Gardner; Lyman Patch, L. P. Comee, Fitch-
burg.
Matched Driving Horses. Four premiums— $6, 4, 3, 2.

Entrance fee, -f L

60 PREMIUMS.

FAMILY HORSES— SINGLE.

Committee. -^y^^m. Woodbury, E. T. Miles, Fitchburg ; M. T,
Gardner, Wm. H. Wetherbee, Shirley Village ; James H. Marshall,
No. Leominster.

Family Horses, Single. Four premiums — $6, 4.
J3atrance fee, % 1 .

COLTS.

Committee. — Warren 'Simonds, Baldwinville ; Wm L. Brown,
Lunenburg; Chas. H. Brown, Joel Hayward, Ashby; Wm. H. Rich-
ardson, Sterling.

Stallions, three years old. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Geldings, three years old. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Fillies, three years old. Two premiums — $10, 5.
Stallions or Geldings, two years old. Two premiums — $6, 3.
Fillies, two years old. Two premiums — $6, 3.
Yearling Colts. Two premiums — $5, 3.

STALLIONS.

Committee. — Alfred Hitchcock, Francis Buttrick, Fitchburg ; S. F.
Whitney, Harvard; D. W. Salisbury, Leominster ;. Edwin Hill,
Gardner.

Best Stallions for general use, four years old and upwards. Two
premiums — $10, 5.

Stallions entered in this class will be required to exhibit specimens
of their stock.

MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

Committee. — Dr. James O.Parker, Shirley Village ; Levi Ken-
dall, Fitchburg ; Oliver Patch, Leominster ; Horace H. Brown, Fitch-
burg ; Wm. H. Brown, E. Princeton.

Breeding Mares. Two premiums — S8, 5.

Colts less than one year old. Two premiums — $4, 3.

The mares must be four years old and upwards, and accompanied
by their colts.
J^o premium shall be awarded to a mare known to be unsound.

DRAUGHT HORSES.

Committee. — Rodney Wallace, James P. Putnam, Thomas Palmer,
Fitchburg ; Mahlon S. Heath, Lunenburg ; Timothy Lincoln, Leom-
inster.

PREMIUMS. 61

Draught Horses, Pairs. Two premiums — $6, 4.
Draught Horses. Two premiums — $5, 3.

Draught Horses will be tried attached to a stone boat loaded to
weigh, including the stone boat, one-fourth more than the horses.

The same draught horse cannot receive a premium as a single horse
and also one of a pair, but a draught horse may compete as a family
horse.

These must be four years old and upwards.

PLOWING MATCH.

All entries for plowing must be made on or before the Thursday
previous to the exhibition, and one dollar must be deposited with each
entry, to be returned to the competitor if he plows, otherwise forfeited
to the Society.

No teams, or parts of teams, will be allowed to compete for more
than one premium on plowing.

DOUBLE TEAMS.

Committee. — Samnel Osgood, Sterling ; Hubbard B. Fuller, Levi
White, Fitchburg ; Joseph Cczzens, Leominster; Howard Gates,
Ashby.

Double Teams. Three premiums — $10, 7, 5.
Minors, with Steers. Three premiums — $6, 4, 2.

SINGLE TEAMS.

Committee. — Whiting Gates, Leominster ; Edwin Sawyer, Bald-
winville ; Edward Bacon, ^Vestminster ; Benj. Wyman, Wachusett ;
Isaac D. Ward, Ashburnham.

Single Teams. Three premiums — $10, 7, 5.
Minors, with Steers. Three premiums — $6, 4, 2.

HORSE TEAMS.

Committee. — D. C. Miles, Westminster; Natt Cowdin, Lewis G.
Tattle, Leonard Hartwell, Fitchburg ; Addison Howe, Ashburnham.

Horse Teams. Three premiums — $10, 7, 5.

CROPS.

All entries for premiums in this department must be made with the
Secretary, on or before June loth, with the exception of English tur-
nips and cabbages, which must be entered on or before August 15th^

62 PREMIUMS.

Immediately after these dates, the Secretary will transmit to all com-
petitors a copy of the following blank form, adopted by the Trustees,
to correspond with the requirements of the Board of Agriculture.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture,
by chap. 24 of the Acts of 18G2, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State, are required to make use of the following form,
and be governed by its conditions, in the mode of ascertaining the
amount of crops entered for premium :

Worcester Nerth Agricultural Society.

Statement concerning a crop of , raised by Mr. , in

the town of ,1873.

What was the crop of 1869 ?
What manure was used, and how much ?
What was the crop of 1870 ?
What manure was used, and how much ?
What is the nature of the soil ?
When, and how many times plowed, and how deep ?
What other preparation for the seed ?
Cost of plowing and other preparation ?

Amount of manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and how applied ?
Value of manure upon the ground ?

When and how planted, and the amount and kind of seed ?
Cost of seed and planting ?
How cultivated, and how many times ?
Cost of cultivation including weeding and thinning ?
Time and manner of harvesting ?

Coist of harvesting, including the storing and husking or threshing ?
Amount of straw, stover, or other product?

Competitors for premiums are particularly requested to make any
statements or suggestions not elicited by the above questions, and which
may be valuable as contributions to agricultural information.

REMARKS,

The Committee to whom is entrusted the award of premiums on field
crops, may award the premiums according to their judgment ; but, for
the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit of agricul-
ture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the owners thereof
to measQre the land and weigh the crops accurately, and give all possi-
ble information thereon, over their signatures, and return the same to
the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the annual Transactions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used, and
the weight of its contents once, multiplied ])y the number of times it
is filled by the crop.

PREMIUMS. 63

. The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a merchant-
able state.

In measuring the land, any competent person may bo employed,
whether a sworn surveyor or not.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop, entered for premium, the
measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

RULES OF MEASURE.

Practised and adopted hy the State Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Mangel Wurzel,

Ruta Bagas, White Beans and Peas, GO lbs. to the bushel.

Corn, Rye, b<o "

Oats, 32 '' " "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 " "

Cracked Corn, Corn and Rye and other meal,

except Oat, and English Turnips, 50 " " "

Parsnips, 45 *' "

Carrots, 55 " "

Onions, ' 52 *'

GRALV.

Committee. — Stillman Stone, Lunenburg ;" Augustus Gates, Leom-
inster ; Seth Lowe, Abel Marshall, Fitchburg ; Asaph Wood, So.
Gardner.

The committee may award gratuities for valuable new varieties of
grain.

For the most profitable crops of corn, wheat, rye, barley, and oats,
one acre each ; of cabbages, beans, aud flax, one-eighth acre each ;
the product of corn to be not less than 4320 lbs. on the cob ; that of
wheat, rye, barley, and oats, not less than 1000 lbs. of grain each.

Corn. Two premiums — $10, 8.

Wheat. Two premiums— $10, 8.

Rye. Two premiums — $4, Grasses and Forage Plants.

Barley. Two premiums — $4, Grasses and Forage Plants.

Oats. Two premiums — $4, Grasses and Forage Plants.

Field Beans. Two premiums — $2, Grasses and Forage Plants.

Samples must be exhibited at the Fair.

64 PREMIUMS.

ROOT CROPS AND CABBAGES.

Committee. — Ephraim Graham, Lunenburg; Hobart Spencer, Ash-
by; Ebenezer Bird, Leominster; Wm. Baker, Lunenburg; Ezra
Kendall, Sterling.

For the most profitable crops of potatoes, one-fourth acre each ; of
carrots, onions, beets and turnips, one-eighth acre each.

Potatoes, not less than 3000 lbs. Two premiums— $8, 5.

Carrots, not less than 5500 lbs. Two premiums — $4, 3.

Onions, not less than 2000 lbs. Two premiums — Harris on Ins., $2.

Sugar Beets. Two premiums — $2, 1.

Mangel Wurzel. Two premiums — $2, 1.

English Turnips. Two premiums — Harris on Insects, $2.

Turnips of any other variety. Two premiums — Harris on Insects, $2.

Cabbages. Two premiums — $2, 1.

FARMS.

Committee. — Geo. S. Houghton, Fitchburg; C. C. Boyden, Leom-
inster ; Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham.

All entries must be made at least one week before commencing the
experiments.

Best managed and cultivated Farm, to be awarded and paid in 1874.
Two premiums— $50, 25.

Entries must be made on or before May 1st, 1873.

GARDENS.

Committee. — Jabez Fisher, L. H. Bradford, Fitchburg, Emory
Burrage, Leominster.

Kitchen or Mixed Gardens. Two premiums — $12, 8.
Flower Gardens. Two premiums — $4, 2.

No person having received a premium for a farm, kitchen or mixed
garden, shall be allowed to compete for another with the same land,
within five years, except for a higher one.

Entries must be made on or before June 15th.
EXPERIMENTS.

Committee. — Augustus Whitman, Leominster; Joel Page, Fitch-
burg; Ezra Kendall, Sterling.

PREMIUMS. 65

Best Experiment to determine the best and most profitable time and
condition in which to cut grass for hay, having regard to the total
annual product. Two premiums — $15, 10.

Best Experiment testing the value of corn and cob for fattening pur-
poses, with the cob or otherwise. One premium — $15.

Best Experiment in steaming food for cattle and horses. One prem-
ium—$10.

Best Experiment testing the comparative value of drilling wheat or
other grain, to broadcast sowing. One premium — $5.

There will be placed at the disposal of the committee, for the best
and most reliable agricultural experiments of any kind, made in 1873,
the sum of twenty dollars.

EXHIBITION AT THE HALL.

No article intended for the Hall will be entitled to a premium unless
it shall have been deposited by ten o'clock a. m., on Tuesday.

All articles should be plainly marked with the name and residence
of the exhibitor, except samples of Bread and Butter, which must be
desgnated by numbers. A strict compliance with these regulations
will be absolutely necessary to entitle competitors to any premiums
that may be awarded to them.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

Committee. — Levi Heywood, Gardner; Jabez Fisher, Benj. Snow^
Dr. George Jewett, Fitchburg ; Porter Piper, Leominster.

APPLES.

Twelve varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums — Harris on

Insects, $2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums. $2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums — $1.50, 1.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Baldwins. Two premiums —

$1, .50.
Hubbardston Nonsuch. Two premiums — $1, .50.
B. I. Greenings. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Roxbury Russets. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Gravensteins. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Palmer Greenings. Two premiums — $1, .50.

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in more ^ than
one of the above classes, with the same specimens of fruit ; and if the

1

66 PREMIUMS.

number of specimens exhibited does not correspond with these regula-
tions, the fruit will be excluded from competition for the premiums.

PEACHES.

Best Collection. One premium — Harris on Insects.
Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums — $2, 1.

PLUMS.

Best Collection. One premium — $2.
Best Plates. Two premiums — $1, .50.

QUINCES.

Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums — Si, .50.

•In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the dis-
posal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars,

PEARS AND GRAPES.

Committee. — Wra. B. Hosmer, Leominster ; Jerome B. Gardner
Shirley Village ; Benj, S afford, Fitchburg ; Daniel Putnam, Lunen,
burg ; H. Marcellus Heywood, Sterling.

PEARS.

Twelve varieties of twelve specimens each. Two premiums — Harins

on Insects, $2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums — %2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums — $1.50, 1.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Bartlett. Two premiums —

$1, .50.
Seckel. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Flemish Beauty. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Duchess. Two premiums — SI, .50.
Louise Bonne de Jersey. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Lawrence. Two premiums — SI, .50.
Beurre d' Anjou. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Sheldon. Two premiums — SI, .50.

GRAPES.

Best displays of varieties of Native Grapes. Two premiums — $5, 3.
Best Six Clusters Concord. Two premiums — Si, -50.
Best Six Clusters Delaware. Two premiums — $1, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the dis-
posal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

PREMIUMS. 67

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in more than
one of the above classes, with the same specimens of fruit ; and if the
number of specimens exhibited does not correspond with these regula-
tions, the fruit will be excluded from competition for the premiums.

ASSORTED FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

Committee. — Mrs. Stephen Shepley, Mrs Chas. Mason, Mrs. J. F.
D. Garfield, Mrs. B. Snow, Fitchburg ; Mrs. M. T. Gardner, Shirley
Village.

ASSOBTED FRUITS.

Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums — $2, 1.

PLANTS TN POTS.

Best displays of named Plants in Pots. Two premiums — $2, 1.
Best three named Plants in Pots. Two premiums — $2, 1.

CUT FLOWERS.

Best display of Cut Flowers. Two premiums — S2, 1.
Best five named Asters. Two premiums — $2, 1.
Best five named Dahlias. Two premiums — -$2 1.
Best five named Verbenas. Two premiums — 52, 1.
Best pair of Parlor Bouquets. Two premiums — $2, 1 ,
Best pair of Hand Bouquets. Two premiums — $2, 1.

The same plants in pots cannot compete for both the best display
and the best three ; nor can the same Asters, Dahlias, or Verbenas,
compete for the best display and the best five.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the dis-
posal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dolhus.

No person will be allowed to receive more than one copy of Harris
on Insects ; if more than one is awarded, cash will be paid instead, at
the rate of three dollars per copy ; and if any to whom a copy is
awarded, already has one, he may receive the copy awarded, or the
cash, as above, at his option.

VEGETABLES.

Committee. — Jacob H. Fairbanks, Lawrin Pratt, Fitchburg ; Mar-
tin Johnson, Lunenburg; Amos B. Holden, Westminster; John M,
Stevenson, Sterling.

Best collections Kitchen Vegetables. Two premiums— $7, o.
Best collections Garden Seeds. Two premiums — %i>, '6.

68 PREMIUMS.

Collections of Potatoes. Two premiums — $2, 1.
Marrow Squashes. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Hubbard Squashes. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Crookneck Squashes. Two premiums — $1, .50.
Pumpkins. Two premiums — .75, .50.
Cabbages. Two premiums — .75, .50.
Cauliflowers. Two premiums — .75,. 50.
Celery. Two premiums — .75, .50.
Onions. "^

The committee will regard perfection of growth and quality, and
not size.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities, ten
dollars.

Of squashes, pumpkins, cabbages and celery, there should be six
specimens in each lot ; of cauliflowers, three ; of onions, beets, tur-
nips and tomatoes, one peck in each lot ; of field beans, one-half peck ;
and of Lima beans, two quarts.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, PRESERVES AND

J]ELLIES.

Committee. — Mrs. Thomas Palmer, Mrs. Ebenezer Torrey, Mrs.
Leonard Downe, Fitchburg ; Mrs. John H. Lockey, Leominster ; Mrs.
Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg.

Bread made by unmarried ladies.
White Bread. Three premiums — S2, 1, .50.
Unbolted Wheat Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.
Bolted Ptye Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.
Rye and Indian Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.

Bread made by married ladies.
White Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.
Unbolted Wheat Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.
Bolted Rye Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.
Rye and Indian Bread. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.

All bread offered for premiums must have been baked on the Mon-
day preceding the exhibition.

PREMIUMS. 69

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

Lump Butter, not less than 12 lbs. Two premiums — $4, 3.
June Tub Butter, not less than 25 lbs. Two premiums — $3, 2.
Sept. " " " Two premiums— $3, 2.

Cheese, not less than 50 lbs. Two premiums — $2, 1.50.

PICKLES AND HONEY.

Pickles. Two premiums — $1, .50.

Virgin Honey in the Comb. Three premiums — $2, 1, .50.

Canned Fruits, best collection. Two premiums — $2, 1.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities, ten
dollars.

Competitors will be required to furnish, to the Secretary, a detailed
statement in writing, of the process of manufacturing butter, cheese,
and pickles ; and no others shall be considered.

MACHINERY.

Committee. — J. G. Folsora, Baxter D. Whitney, Winchendon ;
Chas. Heywood, Gardner ; John Q. Wright, Aaron Wilkins, Fitchburg.

For the best specimens of machinery manufactured by the competi-
tor, there will be placed at the disposal of the committee the sum of
one hundlred and fifty dollars.

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

Committee. — John H. Lockey, Leominster ; E. F. Bailey, J. F.
Haskins, Fitchburg; Orlando Mason, Winchendon; Ivers White,
Ashburnham.

Specimens exhibited must be manufactured by the competitor.

For the best specimens of manufactured articles, exclusive of ladies'
home manufacture, actually produced by the exhibitor, there will be
placed at the disposal of the committee, the ^um of one hundred dollars.

For the best exhiUtion of manufactured articles, not actually the
product of the exeibitor, there will be placed at the disposal of the
committee the sum of fifty dollars.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

Committee. — Francis A. Whitney, Ashburnham; Edward Burpee,
Sterling ; Edward Bacon, Westminster ; Geo. Davis, Shirley Village ;
Edwin A. Goodrich, Fitchburg.

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses. One premium — $10.
Best Ox Cart. One premium — $5.
Best Team Harness. One premium — $5.

70 PREMIUMS.

Best Hay or Straw Cutter. One premium — $3.
Best Ox Yoke complete. One premium — $3.
Best Set Horse Shoes. One premium — $2.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities, twenty
dollars.

FINE ARTS.

Committee. — L. H. Bradford, Mrs. Joel Page, Mrs. J. F. Has-
kins, Miss Louise M. Haskell, Fitchburg ; Mrs. Dr. Feirce, Leominster.

Best collection by a Photographic Artist. Two premiums — $4, 2.

Oil Paintings. Two premiums — $4, 2.

Best Crayon Drawings. Two premiums — $3, 2.

Pencil Drawings. Two premiums— $2, 1.

Best epecimen of Penmanship by a non-professional. One prem. — $1.

In addition there will be placed at the disposal of the committee,
for gratuities, the sum of twenty dollars.

Specimens exhibited must be actually executed by the competitor.

FANCY ARTICLES.

Committee. — Rev. F. Magwire, Mrs. E. T. Miles, Mrs. Lorenzo
Baker, Mrs. T. Palmer, Mrs. J. F. Stiles.

For the best specimens of Ladies' Useful and Fancy Articles of
their own manufacture, including specimens of nice mending and darn-
ing, there will be placed at the disposal of the committee, the sum of
thirty dollars.

ESSAYS.

Committee. — Charles Mason, Fitchburg; Rev. J. Horton, C. H.
Merriam, Leominster.

Best Essays on some practical subject connected with agricultui:e,
deemed worthy of publication in the Society's "Transactions."
Two premiums — $25, 15.

All persons competing for these prerai.ums must file their Essays
with the Secretary on or before the 1st of September. Each Essay is
to be marked with a motto or design, and accompanied with a sealed
envelope bearing a corresponding mottq or design, and containing
the name of the author.

PREMIUMS. 71

The envelopes of the successful. competitors will be opened on the
day of the Exhibition, immediately upon the announcement of the
awards,

COMMITTEES' KEPORTS.

Committee. — The President, Vice Presidents and Secretary.

For the purpose of inducing the chairmen of the several committees
to take upon themselves more labor and care in elaborating their
reports, the following premiums will be paid : — $10, 6, 4.

Detailed reports in connection with awards (except on Grain and
Root Crops), must be delivered to the Secretary on or before Nov. 1st.

PROSPECTIVE— EXPERIMENTS.

Committee.— J 2i\)Qz Fisher, Joel Page, Fitchburg ; Cyrus Kilburn,
Lunenburg.'

For the best Experiment going to show the economy of growing grass
constantly through a period of six years, on one acre or more
of land, as compared with a rotation in which grass shall be grown
three or four years only, the remainder being grain or hoed crops,
of which one, at least, shall be Indian corn. The total amount and
kind of manure in each case must be the same per acre, but the
time and mode of application may be different. Three premiums —
$50, 25, 15.

Entries must be made on or before July 1st, 1873.

APPLE, PEAR AND PEACH ORCHARDS.

Committee.— Qqo. S. Houghton, Thomas Palmer, Fitchburg;
Ephraim Graham, Lunenburg.

APPLE OUCHARDS.

For the best Orchards of not less than fifty trees, all having been set
after January 1st, 1871, to be awarded in 1875. Two premiums

—$25, 10.

PEAR ORCHARDS.

For the best Orchards of not less than fifty trees, all having been set
after January 1st, 1872, to be awarded in 1876. Two premiums
—$25, 10.

PEACH ORCHARDS.

For the best Orchards of not less than thirty trees, set after April 1st,
1871, to be awarded and paid in 1874. Two premiums — $12, 8.

72 PREMIUMS.

Oae orchard was catered for this premium, in 1871, by Lawriii
Pratt of Fitchburg.

^ POTATOES.

Committee. — Ephraim Graham, Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg ; Ben-
jamin SafFord, Fitchburg.

For the best Seedling Potatoes, to be tested for not less than three
successive years. One premium — $25.

FOREST TREES.

Committee. — W. B. Hosmer, George Merriam, Leominster; J. P.
Putnam, Fitchburg.

For the best plantation of any kind of Forest Trees, suitable for fuel
or timber, raised from the seed, not less than five hundred in num-
ber, which shall be in the most flourishing condition in the fall of
1876. Three premiums— $25, 15, 10.

Entries must be made on or before the 1st day of June.

ICE HOUSES.

Committee. — William Woodbury, Abel Marshall, Fitchburg;
Lyman N. Fairbanks, Westboro'.

For the best constructed Ice House for family purposes, to be tested at
least twelve months. One premium — $5.

TROUT.

Committee. — Jabez Fisher, L. H. Bradford, Fitehburg; M. T.
Gardner, Shirley.

For the most successful Experiments in the artificial propagation of
Trout, entries to be made on or before June 1st, 1872 ; premiums
to be awarded in 1874. Two premiums — $25, 10.

For best Trout, not less than six in number, raised artificially, exhib-
ited at the Fair in 1873. Two premiums — $5, 3.

COMMITTEE OE ARRANGEMENTS,

STEPHEN SHEPLEY, Eitchburg.
JOSEPH COZZENS, Leominster,
J. M. SAWTELL, Eitchburg.
GEO. S. HOUGHTON, Eitchburg.

RULES.

All teams entered for draught must have been owned by the person
entering the same, for at least three months next previous.

Any person competing for a premium, who shall serve on the com-
mittee having charge of the department in which he competes, shall
retire from the committee while his own competition is in question.

The several committees will not consider themselves bound ])y the
terms of the above offers, to award a premium for anything which they
shall deem inferior.

Any person to whom a premium shall have been awarded, in coiisc-
'p.ience of any deception or misrepresentation used by him, shall not
only forfeit such premium, but afterward be incapable of competing
for the Society's premiums.

All persons, not members of the Society, to whom may be awarded
a premium, or premiums, amounting to five dollars or upward, shall
receive a certificate of membership for five dollars, and the balance in
cash. If the amount shall be less than five dollars, a deduction of
fifty per cent, will be made, unless the individual chooses to make the
amount up to that sum, and receive a certificate of membership.

All premiums not demanded on or before November 80th, will
revert to the Society.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1873.
JEJlected ai the ji7i7iuat Meetifig , ^ece7nber/^, 7872.

STEPMEX SHRFLEr of Fitdiburg, President
J. M. SWVTKLL of Fitehbuiir, ) .^. „ .,
JOSEPH COZZEFS of Leominster, j ^ ^ce i^resiaents .
GEO. S. HOUGHTON of Fitehburg, Secy and Treasurer.

TRUSTEES

O. Whitney, Asbburnham.
Joel Hayward, Asbby.
Dennis Fay,

S. AV. A. Stevens, Gardner.
S. F. Whitney, Harvard.
W, B. HosMER, Leominster.

0. C. BOYDEN,

John H. Lockey, "
Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg.
Eph'm Graham,
J. E. Merriam, Princeton.
A. Stock WELL, Royalston.
J. 0. Parker, Sbirley.
F. Nourse, Sterling.
W. Simonds, Templeton.
1). 0. Miles, Westminster.

Edward Bacon, Westminster.

Reuben Vose, Winchendon.

Joseph Cashing, Fitehburg,

Jabez Fisher. "

Abel Marshall, "

Joel Page, "

Lyman Patch, "

E. T. Miles,

Wm. Woodbury, *'

S. C. Wright,

James Goodrich, "

John F. Raskins, *'

E. P. Monroe,

Chas. Fessenden, "

J. Q. Wright,

L. Aldrich, "

E. T. MILES of Fitehburg, elected 3Iemher of the State Board
of xicfvicidture, Dec. G, 1871, for three years.

TIlA.N"SA.CTIO]SrS

OF THE

WORCESTER NORTH

S^fidtilttif kl ^odiety

FOR 1873,

TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS FOR 1874.

•FITCHBURG:

REVEILLE STEAM PRINTING WORKS.
1874.

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

The twenty-first annual exhibition was held at the grounds of
the Society, on Tuesday and Wednesday, Sept. 23d and 24th.

The exercises of the first day began with a plowing match at
10 o'clock A. M., which was followed by exhibitions of steers and
town teams. A clam bake dinner was served at i^ o'clock in the
dining hall. The President of the Society, Stephen Shepley, pre-
sided, and Rev. Dr. Grant invoked the Divine blessing. At the
close of the dinner, Mr. Shepley introduced His Excellency, Gov.
Washburn, who addressed those present on subjects of agricultural
interests. He was followed by J. O. Adams, Esq., who spoke on
"Our Relations to the Soil."

In the afternoon, trials of working oxen, working oxen and
horses, and foot and wheelbarrow races took place.

The second day opened at 9^ o'clock A. M., with a grand
cavalcade, followed by trials of draft horses and exhibitions of
walking and family horses.

At I o'clock after the Rev. Mr. Spring had invoked the Di-
vine blessing, the grand barbecue dinner took place in the hall.
Addresses were delivered by His Honor, Mayor Norcross, Prof C.
O. Thompson, Senator Boutwell and Congressman Crocker.

The remainder of the day was consumed by exhibitions of
gents' driving horses, foot and potato races, and trials of matched
driving and chaise horses.

The Society was not so fortunate in respect to weather,, as it
has heretofore been. The gloomy, threatening sky of Tuesday,
and the heavy rain of the following morning, doubtless kept many
away. The beautiful afternoon of Wednesday, although of great
assistance, came too late to make the fair a financial success. The
show of thorough-bred and native stock was small; that of
thorough-bred very good so far as it went. The Jerseys belonging
to Mr. Brown, attracted considerable attention. The absence of
familiar herds was noticeable. It is hoped that under the new

4 SECRETARY'S REPORT.

rules, the exhibitions of former years will be more than equalled.
There was a much better show of sheep than in former years. Of
swine and poultry, about the usual number.

The display of fruits, flowers, and the finer manufactured arti-
cles was very fine.

In marked contrast with the department of stock, was that of
mechanics. This was thronged with visitors, and it well repaid
their careful attention. The Secretary regrets that want of space
prevents further notice.

Gen. Kimball, the Chief Marshal, and his aids, preserved the
best of order throughout the two days.

Great credit is due to the President, Mr. Shepley, Mr. J. F.
Haskins, Dr. Palmer and others, for their unceasing efforts to make
the exhibition successful.

The experience of the past year has shown a thing which in-
deed, needed no demonstration, that one, two or three men can-
not make a fair — that the combined efforts of all are necessary to
attain this end. Members of the Society and especially the Com-
mittees should feel that they each have an interest in the exhibi-
tion.

And too, can we say that we make any return for the bounty
given us by the state ? The printed transactions should contain
valuable information for the public. Now the reports of commit-
tees are the sources to which the public goes to obtain this in-
formation ; without them, the annual printed record is worthless.

What we need then, is more interest and energy in the commit-
tees and members. With these we can have no doubt as to the suc-
cess of our next annual exhibition.

Fr. G. Fessenden, Secretary.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

The progress made in the past twenty-five years in cattle hus-
bandry has been a decided mark of improvement. The hap-haz-
ard or accidental cow of no definite breed, is fast giving place to
the Thorough-bred, and the future progressive improvement of
our dairy stock can be relied upon with unerring certainty. The
prejudice against the pure bred animal is fast giving way or
changing in their favor.

The intelligent farmer will not run the risk, or incur the ex-
pense of raising a calf from progenitors, accidentally good, which
have no strength of blood to reproduce their like, but in the
breeding point, we must raise our calves from pure breeds only, to
be in any degree successful. We now have, (thanks to the intelli-
gent breeders of foreign countries), several pure breeds of stock
whose especial characteristics are adapted to the farms and the
markets of our county; and our State and county contains these
breeds of cattle in their purest excellence, as well as breeders full
of enthusiasm in their intelligent calling. With such men and
such animals our county may well be hopeful for a prosperous
future. That breeds of cattle of foreign origin are susceptible of
improvement in this country there can be no doubt. Time has fully
demonstrated the fact. Even the shorthorns have outdone the
shorthorns that were, with the judicious care of the American
breeder. The fabulous prices that have been recently paid by gen-
tlemen from England indicates their scale of improvement. The
Ayrshires are twenty per cent, larger than were the Ayrshires im-
ported twenty-five years ago.

The general form and structure of the Jerseys have wonder-
fully changed. Running upon our pastures has developed both
bone and muscle, and the quantity of their milk has increased in
a corresponding ratio.

6 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

It is often said that the expense of keeping pure bred stock is
greater than that of the native ; but it is also true that stock well
kept is the most remunerative to the farmer. Your committee
especially commend gentlemen who exhibit good stock of any-
kind, as public benefactors, and they deserve the fostering care of
agricultural societies.

The committee award the following premiums :

SHORTHORNS— HERDS.

Joel Page, ist premium,

$12 oo

BULLS.
Joel Page, ist prem.,

8 oo

BULL CALVES.

Joel Page, ist prem..

5 oo

COWS.

Joel Page, ist prem.,

6 oo

HEIFERS, TWO YEARS OLD.

Joel Page, ist prem.,

4 oo

HEIFERS, ONE YEAR OLD.

Joel Page, ist prem..

3 oo

JERSEYS— HERDS.

J. F. Brown, ist prem..

12 oo

BULLS.

J. F. Brown, ist prem..

8 oo

BULL CALVES.

J. F. Brown, ist prem..

5 oo

COWS, FOUR YEARS OLD.

J. F. Brown, ist prem.,
" " 2d prem.,

6 oo
4 oo

COWS, THREE YEARS OLD.

J. F. Brown, ist prem.,
" " 2d prem.,

5 oo
3 oo

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 7

HEIFERS, TWO YEARS OLD.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 4 00

" " 2d prem., 2 00

HEIFER CALVES.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 3 00

" " 2d prem., 2 00

AYRSHIRE— HEIFERS, ONE YEAR OLD.

John H. Lockey, ist prem., 3 00

Mr. Lyman Nichols had on exhibition a fine herd of Jerseys,
which would have taken premiums if they had been entered for
competition, but are highly commended by the committee.

Your committee also regret the absence from your grounds, of
some of the finest herds of Shorthorns and Ayrshires to be found
in the Commonwealth and owned by members of your society.

O. B. Hadwen, Acting Chairman.

STOCK NOT THOROUGH-BRED— MILCH KINE.
The committee award the following premiums :

BEST HERD.

N. B. Reed, ist premium, $10 00

SINGLE MILCH COWS.

N. B. Reed, ist premium, $5 00

Liberty Wellington, 2d prem., , 4 00

MILCH HEIFERS, THREE YEARS OLD.
N. B. Reed, ist premium, $5. 00

HEIFERS, THREE YEARS OLD, FOR BUTTER.

Benjamin Safford, ist prem., 5 00

For the Committee, Samuel Osgood, Chairman.

Statei7ient of N. JB. Reed.
I enter for premium one herd of cows, fourteen in number.
Their ages are from three to seven years. Breed, Shorthorn and

8

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

Devon; were all bred by myself; have had common pasture with
two quarts of shorts and meal mixed. The three oldest calved in
March, the other in June. Their weight of milk is as follows :

JUNE '

TRIAL.

Cow No,

- h

312

pounds.

ii a

2,

252

a

« ((

3.

250

a

« <(

4,

210

a

SEPTEMBER TRIAL.

Cow No. 1, 240 pounds.

" " 2, 210 "

" " 3, 204 "

" " 4, 180 "

Statement of Liberty Wellington,
The cow which I offer for premium is seven years old ; calved
the twentieth day of April last. Her keeping has been ordinary
pasture and three pints of Indian meal per day. The general
management has not been different from that of other people, so
far as I know.

The No. of lbs. of milk she gave :
Mon. June 2d, 45^. Mon. September 8th, 34^.

Tues.

((

3d, \\y\'

Tues.

9th, zzy2'

Wed.

((

4th, 45.

Wed.

10th, 331^.

Thur.

n

5th, 45 >2.

Thur.

nth, 2>zy2>

Fri.

u

6th, 44^.

Fri.

i2th, 31^.

Sat.

u

7th, 44^.

Sat.

13th, Z?>%'

Total, 270 Total, 19914;

Being unavoidably away from home the first week in Septem-
ber you will find that I have taken the second instead.

Stateniejit of Benjamin Safford.
This heifer, (Belle) I offer for a premium for butter. She was
three years old la!.st spring; calved the 19th day of September,
1872; has been in iiiilk one year to-day; is to calve again next
January; made, the first six week days in June, six pounds
of butter. The first six diys in September she made five pDunds.
.She is a grade Jersey. H'.'^r keeping was common pasture with
two quarts of meal £;ach day.

• HEIFERS.

The Committee on beifers report as folKOws !

There were eight entries, all of which, in justice, demand pre-
miums of praise, although by the rules of the society money pre-
miums could not be awarded to all.

EEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 9

The heifers were generally fine specimens of Worcester county
stock. Mr. N. B. Reed, of Princeton, exhibited a couple of year-
lings which were the very pink of perfection in point of color and
symmetry of proportion, representing fully the various commenda-
ble points of the Devon stock, so successfully bred and cultivated
in New England.

Right here the committee take occasion to express regret that
the society's premiums are manifestly based solely upon dairy
qualifications in heifers. We do not suppose that there is need to
assert in this report, the self-evident proposition that the milch
cow par excellence^ ^ot% not adequately represent the mothers of
the specific breed to which she belongs. Breeders very well
know that nature's balance must be preserved in the work of re-
production ; else the offspring forms, in some sort, a monstrosity.
The great milker does not embody many valuable characteristics
of a perfect cow. Her milking qualities are obtained through
careful breeding and persistent selection, somewhat at the expense
of due proportion, compactness and longevity. We think the im-
provement of working stock is a laudable aim ; hence our sugges-
tions hereupon.

"What constitutes a perfect cow ?" is a question which in-
volves considerations as to fitness for producing superior animals.
When we succeed in the production of excessive quantities of
milk, there is undoubtedly a debt due to Nature, and somewhere
and at sometime, it must be paid.

Too much attention cannot be given to ante-natal causes and
influences, for no amount of modifying influences will be potent to
effect structural changes.

Good judges of suitable animals to rear for any given purpose,
never implicidy trust to their judgment of the offspring. How-
ever " old fogyish" a man may be, he still needs must recognize
the virtue of tracing pedigrees, if he has ever succeeded as a
stock breeder.

All writers upon the subject of breeding animals, agree in
placing the preponderance of shaping causes upon the mateinal
side. There is scarcely a more important interest than this one of
heifers.

It matters little' if " scrub" steers are suffered to live ; but we
can never calculate the extent of the mischief liable to accrue
from *^ scrub" heifers. The predominant question of selection is
illustrated to the comprehension of the most dull or careless.

10 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

Judicious selection takes precedence of the claims of breed;
for, as Emerson observes, " Nature makes a hundred poor melons
for one that is good." At any rate, there is always a sphere, and
opportunity — a need of human sagacity in the process of keeping
a given breed up to the normal standard of perfection. Hence
we draw a conclusion in favor of a higher education for farmers.
Men err in selection, chiefly for the reason that their total knowl-
edge of the subject is insuflicient.

Your committee cannot help urging greater care in mating
heifers for first calves. Without doubt the influence of a scrub
bull appears to a greater extent in both the mother and offspring
than we are apt to recognize ; but the first conception is likely to
influence the whole future of the dam and her progeny. Hence
we argue in favor of great care in mating a heifer for her first
calf We are by no means willing to admit that a heifer, mated
with an inferior sire is not thereby injured, more or less. We are
not so sure that a superior bull receives injury from copulating
with an inferior cow. The reason is self-evident.

With respect to the treatment of heifers on " coming in," the
committee have but to urge persuasive methods, let the tempera-
ment be what it may.

We have never yet seen a case of " kicking" in heifers, that
we lacked faith to attempt to cure by our own proper influence,
exerted without violence. A person of good muscular force, by
placing the left arm against the offending leg, can usually prevent
accident, and in cases of obstinacy, where perseverance in force is
necessary, the gambrel of the opposite leg should be firmly
grasped, thus forming an effectual bar. It is sometimes necessary
to " hug ' the spunky animal pretty closely, and in all cases it
should be securely tied in a stable. Continue the forcible treat-
ment till the animal gives up, and the instances are rare that re-
quire a second application. Much depends on the treatment
heifers habitually receive from those who have to deal with them
from calves upward. Nothing harsh, or of a nature calculated to
scare, should be allowed among heifers, and boisterous, brutal per-
sons should be restrained in their tendencies, if ever suffered to
deal with them.

Your committee desire to make honorable mention of a heifer
shown by Mr. Jefts, of Fitchburg, for which the chairman ac-
knowledged a decided preference, but his choice failed to be sus-

REPOETS OF COMMITTEES. 11

tained by a majority of the members. In conclusion, the com-
mittee would urge the superlative importance of this matter of
" weeding out" our stock, so that more perfect specimens con-
stantly survive. Already the superiority of Worcester county
cattle is admitted, but we should strive to infuse the spirit of prog-
ress more widely, until perfectness becomes the ruling passion
among all our farmers and stock growers.

HEIFERS.
Joel Page, ist prem., 4 00

HEIFERS, ONE YEAR OLD.

Benj. Safford, ist prem., 3 00

Silas Pratt, 2d prem., 2 00

Liberty Wellington, gratuity, i 50

A. S. Jefts, gratuity, i 50

A. B. Davis, Chairman.

YEARLING STEERS AND STEER CALVES.

Your committee submit the following :

STEERS; ONE YEAR OLD.

N. B. Reed, ist prem., 3 00

G. Woods, 2d prem., 2 00

TRAINED STEERS.
N. B. Reed, ist prem., 3 00

MINOR TRAINER.
Walter S. Howe, ist prem., 3 00

Thomas Sheldon, Chairman.

STEERS MORE THAN TWO YEARS OLD.
The committee report :

THREE YEARS OLD.
E. D. Works, ist prem., 5 00

TWO YEARS OLD.

E. Johnson, ist prem., 4 00

Henry Woods, 2d prem., 3 oo

12 REPORTS OF COMMITTx,

TRAINED, TWO YEARS OLD.
N, B. Reed, ist prem., 3 00

MINOR TRAINER.
W, S. Howe, 3 00

G. Woods, for Committee,

WORKING OXEN.

The committee submit the following

N. B. Reed, ist prem., 7 00

S. T. Record, 2d prem., 6 00

Silas Pratt, 3d prem., 5 00

Joseph Gushing, 4th prem., 4 00

Cyrus Kilburn, 5th prem., 3 oq

MINOR TEAJ^ISTER.

Chester Pratt, ist prem., 5 00

Solon Carter, Chainnan.

FAT CATTLE.

The committee report :

OXEN.
John Page, ist prem., 8 00

Joseph Gushing, 2d prem., 5 00

COWS.

Joel Page, ist prem., 6 00

In addition to our reports on fat cattle, your committee desire
to make honorable mention of one exceedingly fine, large and
very fat pair of oxen exhibited by Elliott Swan, of Worcester, re-
ported to weigh some 7,580 lbs.

Those oxen vastly excell all other fat cattle on exhibition,
making a very important addition to the show, and are highly
creditable to the owner. By some mistake these oxen were not

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 13

entersd on the book for fat cattle. Your committee had no pow-
er to award them a premium, but do unanimously recommend a
gratuity of thirteen dollars, with thanks to Mr. Swan.

EsTABROOK Moore, for the Committee.

Statement of John Page.
I bought the oxen the 3d day of May last, and used them on
the farm. After finishing the spring work, they were turned to
pasture. I f.d them on hay and twelve quarts corn meal a day, in
spring, for six weeks, and the rest of the season, or about fourteen
weeks, have fed them eight quarts per day. Cost of meal sev-
enty cents per bushel.

State me fit of Joseph Cushmg.
My oxen, both pair, have been worked regularly, and have had
hay and four quarts of meal each, per day.

SWINE.

The committee report :

FAT HOGS.
Timothy Lincoln, ist prem., 8 00

BREEDING SOWS.
Franklin Nourse, ist prem., 8 00

T. D. Wood, 2d prem., 4 00

A. E. Knight, four swine, gratuity, 4 00

Herbert Ingalls, Chairman.

SHEEP.

The committee appointed to award premiums on sheep submit
the following report :

The committee were much gratified to see such an interest
manifested in this department of animals. Three great families
were represented, respectively- of long wool, fine wool and medium.
The first under the name of Cotswool, is one of the oldest of the
established breeds. They were originally heavy, coarse animals.

14 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

with thick, heavy fleece, well adapted to the bleak, uninclosed
Cotswool hills. They are now very hardy, and will succeed well
in almost every situation, and produce a great amount of wool and
mutton at an early age.

The second bearing the name of Merinos stood as fair types
of the fine wool, and were handsome portraits of this variety.

The third. South Down. The peculiarity of this sheep is its
superior quality of wool. Average weight from thirteen to fif-
teen months, is 126 pounds; w^eight of fleece six pounds. The
ewes are capital breeders, and generally produce one-third twins.
They are best adapted to elevated situations and bare pasturage.
Many differ as to the most profitable breed to the farmer, some ad-
vocate a mutton breed, others say the coarse wool. The most profit-
able of all varieties of domestic animals, the flesh of sheep is least
used except in cities, in proportion to the quantity that is or rather
might be profitably used. For this purpose we consider the South
Down variety, the very best.

FLOCK OF SHEEP.

Daniel North, ist prem.,
James H. Laws, 2d prem.,

BUCKS.

0

00

5

GO

5

00

3

00

2

00

I

GO

4

00

2

00

N. P. Reed, ist prem.,

J. G. Woodward, 2d prem.,

COSSETS.

N. P. Reed, ist prem.,
L. Kinsman, 2d prem.,

LAMBS.

James H. Laws, ist prem.,
L. Kinsman, 2d prem.,

J. P. Hazen, Chairmafi.

Statement of yanies H. Laws.

I offer for premium, one flock of sheep. Breed, native mixed.
Their ages are, three two years, two three years, one seven years.

They dropped their lambs from April loth to May 6th. They
raised ten lambs. Sheared June 4th, thirty-six and three-fourths
pounds, an average of six and one-eighth pounds.

I also offer one flock of lambs. Breed, native mixed. Age,
five months.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 15

POULTRY.

Your Committee on Poultry make the following report :

That the show of poultry this year was large ; the offerings
were more numerous than at any former exhibition.

Most all kinds of domestic poultry were well represented, thus
showing an increased interest that the farmers and amateurs are
taking, in this important department of industry. The cases were
many where it was nice to distinguish the merits of the offerings
of the competitors. In many cases we had to resort to the stand-
ard work of the Poultry Association, to determine which lot came
nearest in marks and form to the accepted standard.

And then, it is possible to err in our decision ; for fowls, as well
as beasts, by domestication sometimes take on marks and forms
different from their ancestral types, and like Jacob and Laban's
cattle of old, switch off without a deterioration in purity of blood.
We found the hens were in good order, for several eggs were laid
in their coops, and eggs from well kept hens, are as much better
as is beef from well fattened cattle. And eggs are being used as an
article of food more freely since the high price of meats has be-
come fashionable. One dozen of eggs is worth as much for
food and is as nutritious as the best pound and a half of meat that
is sold in the shambles.

In order to obtain the greatest quantity of eggs, fowls should
have the various kinds of 'grain, Indian corn, (being the principal,)
wheat, barley, oats and buckwheat. It seems that they have not
changed their natures since the days of ^sop, the Fabulist, for
now, as then, " they would rather have one grain of hordeum
(barley) than all jewels." And old chanticleer frequently crows
three times before those persons, who do not press their couch
when the " curfew tolls the knell of parting day," are willing to
leave it, but substitute artificial light for the blessed light of old
Phoebus.

Whether farmers can afford to keep fancy fowls instead of
those that lay the most eggs and produce the most flesh, is a
desideratum.

We award the following premiums and gratuities :

PAIRS OF OLD GEESE AND GOSLINGS.

T. D. Wood, ist premium, $3 00

16 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

FLOCKS OF GEESE,
L. H. Butterfield, id prem., 2 00

WILD GEESE.
L. Kinsman, gratuity, 2 00

DUCKS.

L. Kinsman, ist prem.,
Lyman Nichols, 2d prem.,
" " gratuity,

TURKEYS.

Lyman Nichols, ist prem.,
W. H. Shattuck, 2d prem.,

GUINEA FOWLa

Lyman Nichols, ist prem.,
" " 2d prem..

BRAHMA S.

R. F. Adams, ist prem.,
Henry Grimes, 2d prem.,
" " 2d prem.,

J. A. Marshall, 2d prem.,
Geo. T. Younglove, gratuity,
Aaron P. Whitney, "
Lyman Nichols, "

J. A. Marshall, '^

G. F. Williams,

BUFF COCHINS.
E. Moore, ist prem.,
Eddie and Annie S. Harris, 2d prem.,
Henry Grimes, gratuity,

WHITE COCHINS.

G. F. Williams, ist prem., 2 00

PARTRIDGE COCHINS.

G. F. Williams, ist prem., 2 00

2d prem., i 00

ii ii

3

00

2

GO

I

GO

3

GO

2

00

2

GO

1

GO

2

GO

I

GO

I

GO

I

00

2

GO

2

GO

1

GO

I

GO

1

GO

J

00

2

GO

I

GO

I

GO

WHITE POLANDS.
G. F. Williams, ist prem., 2 00

KEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 17

BLACK POLANDS.
Henry Grimes, ist prem., $2 00

HOUDANS.

Mrs. J. H. Lockey, ist prem., 2 00

Thomas Lesure, 2d prem., i 00

SICILIAN FOWLS.
Henry Grimes, ist prem., 2 00

GOLDEN PENCILLED HAMBURGS.

Henry Grimes, ist prem., 2 00

SILVER PENCILLED HAMBURGS.
J. F. Brown, ist prem., 2 00

WHITE LEGHORNS.

Jabez Fisher, ist prem., 2 00

J. A. Marshall, 2d prem., i 00

Henry Grimes, gratuity, i 00

BLACK SPANISH.
J. A. Marshall, ist prem., 2 00

Cyrus Kilburn, for the Committee.

TOWN TEAMS.
The committee award :
Fitchburg, ist prem., 30 00

Leominster, 2d prem., 20 00

E. M. Stone, Chairman.

FOOT RACE.

The committee award :

FIRST DAY.

Stephen W. Davis, who came in 2 31)^, ist prem.,
C. E. Farnum, 2d prem.,
Charles Blodgett, 3d prem.,

5 00
3 00
2 00

SECOND DAY.

C. E. Farnum, ist prem.,
P. Houlihan, 2d prem.,
A. Lawrence, 3d prem.,

5 00
3 00

2 00

18 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

WHEELBARROW RACE.

Owen Flaherty, ist prem., $2 00

Charles E. Titus, 2d prem., ^ i 00

POTATO RACE.

00

R. Goodhall, ist prem., 5

O. Flaherty, 2d prem., 3 00

F. O'Hara, 3d prem., 2 00

SACK RACE.

C. D. Farnum, ist prem., 4 00

H. Goodrich, 2d prem., 2 00

S. J. M. Weston, for Co??imitke,

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee submit the following report :

Henry G. Morse, ist prem., 6 00

J. H. Marshall, 2d prem., 4 00

Chas. Wheelwright, 3d prem., 3 00

Geo. E. Goodrich, 4th prem., 2 00

Ohio Whitney, Chairman.

MATCHED DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee award premiums as follows :
A. Battles, ist prem., 6 00

L. B. Willard, 2d prem., 4 00

James Gale, 3d prem., 3 00

Thomas Palmer, 4th prem., 2 00

We had two pairs only for exhibition ; one pair by Wm. Gil-
christ, of which your committee wish to make favorable mention ;
also one pair by Rodney Wallace, Esq., and your committee re-
gret that they could not class them among the premium list. We
consider them worthy ; and the skilful manner in which the owner
handled them, equalled if not excelled the others of the turf.

J. F. Brown, for the Committee.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 19

FAMILY HORSES.

Your committee award :
J. H. Marshall, ist prem., $6 oo

J. H. Brown, 2d prem., 4 00

W. W. Shattuck, 3d prem., ' 3 00

Geo> F. Williams, 4th prem., 2 00

Wm. Woodbury, Chairman.

STALLIONS.

The comm>ittee make the following report :
Joseph Marshall, ist prem., 10 00

Joseph Gushing, 2d prem., 5 00

Lyman Patch entered his bay colt, Doctor Weston, four years
old. He was a splendid horse. We were unable to award any
premium, the conditions of entry not being complied with.

Francis Buttrick, Chairman.

COLTS.
Your committee submit the following report :
STALLIONS TWO YEARS OLD.
James Hannegan, ist prem., 10 00

GELDINGS THREE YEARS OLD.
Joseph Gushing, ist prem., 10 00

GELDINGS ONE YEAR OLD.

Joseph Gushing, 2d prem., 3 00

FILLIES.
THREE YEARS OLD.

Lyman Patch, ist prem.,
J. H. Marshall, 2d prem.,

J. H. Marshall, ist prei
M. S. Heath, 2d prem..

TWO YEARS OLD.
J. H. Marshall, ist prem..

ONE YEAR OLD.

Joseph Marshall, ist prem.,
L. Kinsman, 2d prem.,

Warren Simonds, for Committee.

10

00

5

00

6

00

3

00

5

00

3

00

20 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

The committee have awarded the following premiums :

Joseph Marshall, for mare, ist prem., $8 oo

Joseph Cushing, for colt, ist prem., 4 oo

Joseph Marshall, for colt, 3d prem., 3 00

H. H. Brown, for Cojnmittee.

DRAUGHT HORSES.
The committee make the following report :
PAIRS.

D. F. Mclntire & Co., ist prem., 6 00

E. A. Goodrich, 2d prem., 4 00

SINGLE.

Joel Page, ist prem., 5 00

Geo. L. Rice, 2d prem., 3 00

Rodney Wallace, for the Co7nmittee.

PLOWING— SINGLE TEAMS.

The committee make the following report :

W. W. Shattuck, ist prem., 10 00

Joseph Cushing, 2d prem., 7 00

N. B. Reed, 3d prem., 5 00

Edward Bacon, for Committee.

PLOWING— HORSE TEAMS.

Your committee repoit as follows :

Joel Page, ist prem., 10 00

J. Cushing, 2d prem., 7 00

Geo. L. Rice, 3d prem., 5 00

D. C. Miles, Chauman.

CHAISE HORSES.

Yout committee make the following report :

Geo. E. Goodrich, ist prem., 15 00

J. Cushing, 2d prem,, 6 00

S. E. Crocker, 3d prem,, 4 00

L. Patch, for the Committee.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 21

GRAIN.

The committee on grain submit the following report :
CORN.
Jos. Goodrich, (Lunenburg), ist prem., $io oo

WHEAT.

Alden Derby, (Leominster), ist prem., lo oo

George Billings, (Lunenburg), 2d prem., 8 00

Stillman Stone, for the Committee.

Statement of yoseph Goodrich.

CORN.
Crops of 1871 and 1872, grass. Soil clayey loam ; plowed
once in the last of April, from eight to ten inches deep; eight
cords of manure spread and harrowed; 150 pounds phosphate in
hills ; planted the first week in May, Carter Corn, six quarts to
the acre ; cultivated and hoed twice ; stalks cut the first of Sep-
tember; three tons of stover to the acre; 6,220 pounds corn. Cost
of plowing $10.00; manure $40.00; seed and planting $5.00;
cultivating $9.00 ; harvesting $8.00.

Statement of Alden Derby.

WINTER WHEAT.

The crop raised on the land in 1871, was grass; in 1872 early
potatoes ; the soil is a sandy loam. I plowed once, seven inches
deep ; no manure ; sowed broadcast, with Cahoon's Sower, on the
5th of September, two bushels of Blue Stem wheat; harrowed
with Thomas' Smoothing Harrow. Cost of plowing $3.50; seed
and planting $6.50; harvesting $14.00. Amount of straw 2,480
pounds; of wheat 2,000 pounds.

Statement of George Billings.

WHEAT.

Crops of 1870 and 1871, grass. The nature of the soil is clay-
ey loam. I plowed once in September, six inches deep ; twelve
loads of manure spread and harrowed in ; nearly a barrel of ashes
sowed on after wheat was up ; planted September 15th, two bush-
els of Blue Stem wheat; cradled in July. Cost of plowing $6.00 ;
value of manure $20.00; seed and planting $6.00; harvesting
$10.00. Amount of straw, 15 pounds to the square rod.

22 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.
The committee make the following award :
APPLES.

TWELVE VARIETIES.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., Harris on Insects.
J. M. Sawtell, 2d prem., 2 00

SIX VARIETIES.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 2 00

Thomas Upton, 2d prem., i 50

THREE VARIETIES.

D. S. Eaton, ist prem., i 50
Jabez Fisher, 2d prem., i 00

BALDWINS.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., i 00

J. F. Brown, 2d prem., 50

HUBBARDSTON NONESUCH.

Geo. Woods, ist prem., i 00

J. F. Brown, 2d prem., 50

RHODE ISLAND GREENINGS.

G. B. Knowlton, i st prem., 1 00

C. C. Boyden, 2d prem., 50

ROXBURY RUSSETTS.
C. C. Boyden, ist prem., i 00

PALMER GREENINGS.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., 1 00

J. F. Brown, 2d prem., 50

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 23

PEACHES.

J. F. Brown, best collection, ist prem.,

Harris on

Insects.

BEST DISHES.

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem.,
W. Wyman, 2d prem.,

$2 GO
I GO

E. Moore, gratuity,
Geo. T. Lincoln, gratuity,
S. Stone,
S. A. Childs,

I 00

I GO

75

50

PLUMS.
J. Marshall, ist prem., i 00

QUINCES.
J. Marshall, ist prem., * i 00

Lyman Nichols, 2d prem., 50

Jabez Fisher, for Committee.

PEARS AND GRAPES.

The committee award as follows :
PEARS.

TWELVE VARIETIES— 12 EACH.

A. Crocker, ist prem., Harris on Insects.

George Jewett, 2d prem., x 2 go

T. Palmer, gratuity, i 00

SIX VARIETIES— 5 EACH.

J. Fisher, ist prem., 2 00

Porter Piper, 2d prem., i 50

J. M. Sawtell, gratuity, i go

THREE VARIETIES— 5 EACH.

H. A. Goodrich, ist prem., i 50

J. M. Twitchell, 2d prem., i 00

24 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

BARTLETTS— 12 SPECIMENS.
J. Fisher, ist prem.,
A. Crocker, 2d prem.,

SECKELS.

Z. F. .Young, I St prem.,
Walter Hcywood, 2d prem.,

DUCHESS.

E. Graham, 1st prem.,
J. F. Brown, 2d prem.,

LOUISE BONNE DE JERSEY.

E. Graham, ist prem.,
H. A. Goodrich, 2d prem.,

LAWRENCE.
A. Crocker, ist iircm.,
Z. F. Young, 2d i)rem.,

BEURRE D'ANJOU.

A. Crocker, ist prem.,

G. B. Knowlton, 2d prem.,

SHELDON.

A. Crocker, ist prem.,
J. M. Twitchell, 2d prem.,

GRAPES.
BEST DISPLAY OF NATIVES.

Geo. Jewett, ist prem.,
A. Crocker, 2d prem.,

CONCORDS— 6 CLUSTERS.

J. Fisher, ist prem.,
T. Pahiier, 2d prem.

00

50

00

50

00

50

00

50

00

50

00

50

00

50

5

GO

3

GO

I

GO

50

I

GO

50

DELAWARES— G CLUSTERS.

J. Fisher, ist ])rem.,

G. Fred P. Day, 2d prem.,

A. Crocker, Dyke Seedlings, gratuity, i 00
Walter Heywood, Isabella, Emeline and Hartford Pro-
lific, gratuity, i og
E. T. Miles, Foreign Grapes, gratuity, 2 go
J. Waterhouse, Hamburgs, gratuity, i og

Wm. B. Hosmer, /or Committee.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 25

ASSORTED FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The committee report as follows :

ASSORTED FRUIT.

S. A. Childs, istprem., $2 oo

PLANTS IN POTS.

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., 2 00

S. Sawyer, 2d prem., i 00

" ist prem., best 3 plants in pots, 2 00

J. M. Sawtell, 2d " " " " " " i 00

CUT FLOWERS.

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., 2 00

S. Sawyer, 2d prem., i 00

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., best 5 named dahlias, 2 00

S. Sawyer, 2d prem., " " " '^ i 00

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., " " " asters, 2 00

S. Sawyer, 2d prem., " " " " i 00

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., •* " " verbenas, 2 00

S. Sawyer, 2d prem., " " " " i 00

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., hand bouquets, 2 00

S. Sawyer, 2d prem., " " i 00

Nancy Snow, bouquets, gratuity, i 50

Maria Wright, " " i 00

Edna Howarth, " ^' i 00

Freddie Cozzens, " " 50

Benj. Safford, wild flowers, " i 00

Freddie Cozzens, " " 50

S. C. Woodward, /or the Committee.

VEGETABLES.
The committee award :

BEST COLLECTION.

E. F. Wilder, ist prem., 7 00

Lyman Nichols, 2d prem,, 5 00

POTATOES.

E. S. Bumap, ist prem., 2 00

Alden Derby, 2d prem., 1 00

26 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

HUBBARD SQUASHES.

Stillman Stone, ist prem., $i oo

CROOK-XECK SQUASHES.

Benj. Derby, ist prem.,
J. Haskell, 2d prem.,

Benj. Derby, ist prem.,
S. Sawyer, 2d prem..

ONIONS.

TURNIP BEETS.

J. Haskell, ist prem.,
Franklin Xourse, 2d prem.,

ENGLISH TURNIPS.

Benj. Safford, ist prem.,
J. Haskell, 2d prem.,

TOMATOES.

S. Sawyer, ist prem.,
Calvin Whitney, 2d prem.,

LIMA BEANS.

G. Fred P. Day, ist prem.,
S. Sawyer, 2d prem.,

SEED CORN IN TRACES.

Benj. Safford, ist prem.,
Franklin Xourse, 2d prem.,

Chas. S. Wheelwright, collection of vegetables, gratuity,

A. Crocker, cauliflowers,

Calvin Whitney, seedling potatoes,

Chas. W, Boutelle, kale and cabbasres,

Cyrus Kilburn, cantelopes,

A. S. lefts, potatoes,

Samuel Bumap, potatoes,

Eenj. Derby, mangel-wurzels, potatoes and com,

Thos. Upton, onions and beets,

G. Fred P. Day, beans,

D. S. Eaton, ruta-bagas and mangel-wurzels,

J. H. Fairbanks, Chairman.

I 00

50

75

SO

75

50

SO

25

SO

25

SO

25

I 00

75

Ltuity,

I 00

u

50

«

50

«

50

u

50

u

SO

«

50

li

50

li

50

il

50

«

50

REPORTS OF COMMITTKES. 27

ROOT CROPS AND CAIUiACiKS.

Your committee on root crops and caljhages would re[jort only
one entry, viz. :

A field of cabbages, by Kphraim (jraham, of Lunenburg; one
square rod of which weighed 244 pounds, or nearly twenty tons
per acre.

We award to Mr. Graham the first premium of $2.00.

Wm. Baker, for the Cotnmiitee.

GARDENS.

There were originally three entries for the premiums on kitchen
gardens. One of them being withdrawn, two only competed,
those of Alvah Crocker of Fitchburg, and f^benezer Bird of Leom-
inster. Mr. Crocker having been awarded the second premium in
1872, could only obtain the first, subsequently.

After examination and consultation, we award to

Alvah Crocker, (Fitchburg,) ist prem., $12 00

Ebenezer Bird, (Leominster,) 2d prem., 8 00

We have been led to ask ourselves the question, does the Agri-
cultural Society or the Commonwealth obtain a reasonable equiva-
lent for the money expended in this particular direction ? The
competitor may have the best laid out and best managed garden
possible, and receive therefor the highest premium ; but who, in
reality, is the gamer thereby ? He of course gains the money
award ; but who gets the benefit ? The members of the committee
may acquire information or instruction during the time spent in
examination ; but this is of no consequence to any except them-
selves, unless they can transmit it in some way to the public, by
means of a published report or otherwise.

This is not easy, and in many cases it is impossible to do. If the
garden could be exhibited like any other product, where every in-
terested person could realize the benefit of whatever was new or
valuable in its arrangement or management, then it is evident that
there would be an equivalent for the money expended. A-s this
cannot be done, we are of the opinion that it is not especially for
the interest of the Society to offer premiums for this class of objects.

28 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

Anything that adds to the attractiveness or instructive character of
the annual exhibition, or to the permanent value of the printed
transactions in any way, may be considered legitimate objects of
encouragement ; but outside of these, we beHeve the bounty of the
State or the funds of the Society to be of doubtful utility.

Jabez Fisher, Chairman.

FARMS.

The committee would report that there was but one entry un-
der this head, that of Ephraim Graham, of Lunenburg, — that while
this farm is worthy of commendation in many respects, they do not
deem it deserving a premium.

C. C. BoYDEN AND O. Whitney, for Committee.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, &C.

There was a good number of specimens of bread on exhibi-
tion, consisting of brown, white and unbolted wheat, made by both
married and unmarried ladies, for whom separate premiums
were required. Your committee were of the opinion that the qual-
ity of most of it was not up to so high a standard as we could
wish, and some not worthy the premiums awarded. One or two
tasted of soda, others sour; some of the brown bread was not
sufficiently cooked through. All this is to be regretted, as upon
the excellency of bread, depends so much of health and happi-
ness. We will here state that a loaf of white bread intended for
premium was misplaced, and not seen by the committee until too
late for premium ; we will therefore, award it an " honorable men-
tion," as it well deserved.

Bread-making is a subject of so great importance, that much
time, thought and money have been expended upon it by chem-
ists of their own accord, and under the support of govern-
ments.

The investigations and experiments for avoiding failures, and

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 29

securing the best results, have been numerous, and yet the pro-
cesses involved are so complex, that they in all their searchings,
have not been able to note the changes that take place, with cer-
tainty. The quality in bread termed lightness, is due to the liber-
ation of gas throughout the dough, causing it to be puffed up into
a porous, spongy mass ; to accomplish which purpose, there are
three methods in common practice, namely: ist, by fermentation,
2d, by the introduction of substances into the flour, such as tak-
ing powders, 3d, by using water in which carbonic acid gas is dis-
solved, and held by pressure, producing what is called, aerated
bread. The first is more generally used. There is a simpler form
termed unleavened bread, which is preferred by many, who
consider it most wholesome. No domestic art requires more
judgment and discretion, than making good bread ; for there
is no such thing as prescribing an infallible rule, success depend-
ing upon at least four variable elements ; these are the quality of
the flour, the strength of the yeast, moisture, and heat ; but like all
industries it must be learned by practice. And we would here
urge the importance of more skill and care in this branch of house-
wifery, outweighing as it does every other domestic merit ; and
of keeping our tables constantly supplied with good wholesome
bread, which is indeed " the staff of life."

Bread made of wheaten meal, is more perfectly adapted to our
needs than any of the cereal grains ; and it is a remarkable fact
that those countries that produce the finest races of men, are also,
abundant producers of wheat.

Bread should not be eaten until a day or two old, for when
fresh, the mastication of it reduces it to a tenacious, gum-
my mass, which is with difficulty dissolved by the gastric fluids.

Thorough kneading is necessary, by acting on the texture of
the dough, rendering it fibrous and delicate.

BUTTER.

There was about the usual number of specimens of butter be-
fore the committee, most'y of excellent quality. From three boxes
of lumb butter it was difficult to decide which was best, all look-
ing so inviting, the odor so fragrant, the taste so sweet. We found
two specimens too small in quantity, by the rules of the society, to
compete for premiums, one of which being of excellent quality, to-
gether with the unsuccessful competitors, we award an honorable
mention.

30 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

The art of making good butter has long been known in all
civilized countries ; and yet a far greater amount of poor butter is
thrown upon the market than of good ; and strange too, when the
latter will bring so much more in price and always find a ready
market.

Like bread-making, there are certain conditions necessary to
the highest success in butter-making ; and we find in some dairies
that they rarely or never fail ; because, knowing the conditions,
they comply with them, at whatever cost, and always find a ready
sale at the highest prices.

Methods in butter-making vary, and we find butter is made in
many different ways ; yet there are certain principles which rule in
all, and there is really less difference than appears. In all cases, milk
should be kept in a perfectly clean, well ventilated room, kept ex-
pressly for dairy purposes, and away from all disagreeable odors ;
as nothing will receive a taint more readily than milk or cream,
which will concentrate in the butter, not running off in the butter-
milk as some have thought. A proper temperature is requisite;
about 60° is the best. The depth at which milk is set varies ; but
shallow pans are usually preferred, to shorten the passage of the
fat globules to the surface, before the milk begins to thicken, in
which case many of them would be retained in the coagulated
milk. To secure the best flavored butter, the cream must be re-
moved and churned while the milk is still sweet, although sour
cream yields butter more readily, will keep longer, and is more
compact.

Much judgment is required in the working of butter ; not by
indiscriminate stirring, and mashings, but with careful, yet telling
pressure ; it being composed of minute globules, they are crushed
by careless handling, and overworking, rendering the mass greasy,
and sticky, instead of granular.

Coloring butter has a tendency to destroy that sweet, peculiar
flavor, so palatable to butter-eaters of fine, susceptible tastes. This
peculiar flavor is derived from the sweet, nutritious grasses, eaten
by the cows ; and here rests one secret of making good butter,
that is the quality of the food consumed by the cows. It is a
point too much overlooked, as the finest flavor cannot be produced
upon noxious weeds, rank grasses and vegetables, or distilled slops.
In this respect our soil surpasses the West, the grass upon our

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 31

hills and valleys being better than the coarse and more luxuriant
grass of the plains. Pure water is another important element,
which can no where be found in greater perfection, than from the
numerous springs that gush from our hillsides ; and this too has
a decided advantage over the water in the sluggish creeks, and
hard water wells of the West.

In short, after producing the milk ; first, get all the cream ;
second, have it in good condition for churning; third, remove all
the butter-milk from the butter ; fourth, preserve the original good
flavor, which if intended to keep, must be done by proper packing.
And if you would reap a rich reward for your pains, attend care-
fully to the minutest details, and never rnake any but good butter.

There were four cheeses, all by one contributor. There is
much difference of opinion as to what a good cheese should be in
all respects. Like bread and butter-making, it is a science, and
requires skill and experience.

There was not a great variety of preserves on exhibition, and
but one of pickles. There are three methods by which fruits are
preserved : By expelling the air; by drying out the moisture; and
by combination with sugar. By the first our canned fruits are
preserved, by the last our " preserves " and jellies.

Pickles in moderate quantities, and eaten with other food, are
not open to all the objections brought against them.

The following premiums are awarded :
BROWN BREAD.

MADE BY MARRIED LADIES.

Mrs. Caroline Wellington, ist prem., $2 00

Mrs. G. B. Hubbard, 2d prem., i 00

Mrs. Geo. Billings, 3d prem., 50

MADE BY SINGLE LADIES.
Miss Lucy Proctor, ist prem.^ 2 00

32 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

WHITE BREAD.

MADE BY MARRIED LADIES.

Mrs. A. J. Hubbard, ist prem.,
Mrs. Thomas Young, 2d prem.,
Mrs. Joseph Wilder, 3d prem.,

MADE BY SINGLE LADIES.

Miss Mary C. WelHngton^ ist prem..
Miss Lucy Proctor, 2d prem.,
Miss Ellen M. Caswell, 3d prem.,

UNBOLTED BREAD,

Mrs. A. J. Hubbard, 2d premv,
Mrs. Geo. Billings, 3d prem.,

LUMP BUTTER.

T. S. Wood, ist prem..,
Mrs. B. Derby, 2d prem.,

H. M. Hayward, gratuity,.
Mrs. M. Johnson, "

Mrs. Stillman Stone, "
Mrs. Louisa Snow, "

JARS OF BUTTER,

Mrs. M. Johnson, ist prem.,
Mrs. C, W. Cragin, 2d prem..

CHEESE.

Mrs. T. D. Wood, ist prem.,
" " " 2d prem..

HONEY.

S. E. Brigham, ist prem.,
John Goodrich, 2d prem..

$2

00

I

00

50

2

00

I

GO

50

I

CO

50

4

00

3

GO

3

GO

2

GO

2

OG

I

00

3

00

2

OG

2

GG

I

GG

2

GG

I

OG

2

GG

I

GG

CANNED FRUIT,

Mrs. Stillman Stone, ist prem.,
Mrs. E. B. Dole, 2d prem.,

PICKLES.
Mrs. Stillman Stone, 2d prem., 50

Mrs. Thomas Palmer, Chairman.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 33

Statement of T. S. Wood.

My lot of butter is made from a dairy of ten cows ; use
pails, instead of pans, nineteen inches deep and ten inches in di-
ameter; set in a tank of water kept at a temperature of sixty
degrees ; churn the cream three times a week, at a temperature
of fifty-eight in summer, sixty-two in fall and spring.

Statement of Mrs. Benfamiii Derby.

I make about seventeen pounds of butter a week from three
cows. Their keeping is old pasture feed w^ith one quart of meal and
a good foddering of green sweet corn fodder, twice a day. I set
my milk in shallow pans and let it stand thirty-six hours at this
season of the year ; then I take off the cream and add a little salt
at each skimming and stir it well. I churn once a week and wash
the butter to free it from the buttermilk, then I salt it with Liver-
pool fine salt, about two ounces to a pound. I let it stand twen-
ty-four hours then work it over and lump it, and it is ready for
the market.

Statement of Mrs. Stillma7i Stone.

This butter I offer for premium was made from milk of four
"Jamestown" cows; was set in common tin pans about thirty-
six hours. Cream salted slightly to keep it s\Veet. Butter washed
thoroughly. About one ounce salt and one tea-spoonful pow-
dered sugar to the pound. Worked by hand into half-pound
lumps.

Stateme?it of Mrs. C. W. Cragin.

In warm weather I keep my milk, which is strained in shallow
tin pans, from twenty-four to thirty-six hours, and in skimming I
am not as careful as some about draining every drop of milk from
the cream. I have sometimes been obliged to put a little milk in
the churn before the butter and buttermilk would separate, when
the cream has been very free from milk. As I empty each dish
of cream in the cream can, I stir in a small handful of salt. I
keep the cream in a cool cellar from five to seven days before
churning. I work the butter thoroughly in taking it from the
chum, working in the salt and a very little white sugar. I prefer

:U KEPOKTS Oy COMMITTEES.

working it only onoe afterwarvi. the next day after churning, when
I put it down in the j:vr : but sometimes I find it necessary- to work
it twice in oixler to remove irrn- dnyf of butteniiilk. This I con-
sider hiJss/^maN/- to good butter. The butter is put down in
layeis, a httle s;Ut aiid fine sugvir sprinkleii between each.

The report of my method of making June butter will answer
for this September butter in eveiy respect, except that in these
cooler da>-s I keep the milk a little longer before skimming and
tlie cream a little longer before churning.

This four meal cheese is made in the following manner : Milk
that is four, three and t\\^3 meals old, is skimmed, then warmed,
and the morning's milk addeii : sufficient runnet used to form the
curd, then proceevl as with the new milk cheese.

The process of making this new milk cheese is as follows :
Skim the night's milk : warm the milk : then add the cieam to the
waxmevl milk : when well stirred put the morning's milk to it, using
lunnet enough to form the curd ; dip ofif the whey and when suf-
ficiently hani cut the curd fine ; salt with the best butter salt, using
a dessen spoonful to a pailful of milk. Press from thirty-six to
fort}'>eight hours, turning three or four times while pressing, then
remove to a suitable shelf, turned daily, applying butter.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMEXl^

The committee report :

X. B. Reed, tann \^-agon, ist preni., $i^ oo

S. G. Frost, team harness, ist prx?m.. 5 00

Geo. r. Lincoln^ novelty milk i%ail and holder, gnuuity, 1 00

F. A. Whitney, CAairmatt.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 35

FANCY ARTICLES.
The following gratuities are awarded :

Miss Sarah A. Graham, fancy and useful articles,

Mrs. Ci. Woods, fancy articles,

Miss Clara Marsliall, fancy articles,

Mrs. D. H. Brocklcbank, tidy.

Miss Josie L. Perkins, toilet cushion and tidy,

Miss Stella Lowe, tidy,

Mrs. Geo. A. Cozzens, tidy,

Mrs. C. L. Fox, tidy,

Miss C. Tottingham, embroidery,

Miss Lucy Proctor, toilet cushion.

Miss A. P. Whitney, cushion and mat,

Mrs. H. D. Butterfield, lamp mat,

Mrs. E. F. Libby, wax work,

Miss Nancy Snow, cushion and tidies,

Mrs. Geo. A. Cozzens, feather flowers,

Mrs. Geo. Smith, glass card receiver.

Miss Mattie Lowe, cushion,

S. Herbert Adams, stuffed birds,

Chas. C.Willoughby, "

Mrs. W. A. Smith, hair work,

Miss F. Richardson, rug and mat,

Mrs. F. E. Cleaves, rug,

Mrs. T. D. Wood, tidy blanket,

Mrs. Martha Shattuck, star quilt,

Mrs. Jonas Corey, mat,

Mrs. Ann Smith, carpet,

Miss Abby Roby, log cabin quilt,

Miss E. F. Libby, quilt,

Miss A. P. Whitney, braided rug,

S. G. Davis, fancy jig sawing.

)2

oo

3

CO

2

oo

I

oo

I

oo

so

50

50

2

00

25

50

I

00

I

00

2

00

I

50

50

25

2

00

2

00

3

00

1

00

I

00

25

2

00

25

25

I

00

25

25

25

L. H. Bradford, j^r Committee.

FINE ARTS.

The committee report as follows :

PHOTOGRAPHS.
J. F. Kenniston, ist prem., 4 00

OIL PAINTINGS.
Mrs. Frank H. Allen, ist prem., 4 00

Miss Fannie Cleaves, 2d prem., 2 00

SQ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

WATER COLOR PAINTINGS.

Miss Emma F. Kimball, gratuity, $2 oo

Geo. A. Wilson, " i 00

PENCIL DRAWINGS.

E. J. Gushing, ist prem., 2 00

Lizzie L. Lamb, 2d prem,, i 00

Mrs. Frank H. Allen, gratuity, 50

CRAYON DRAWINGS.

Olive S. Warner, ist prem., 3 00

James Patten, 2d prem., 2 00

INDIA INK SKETCHES.
Geo. A. Wilson, gratuity, i 00

DRAFTING.

James Patten, gratuity, 2 00

ENGRAVING.

Chas. Humphreys, gratuity, 3 00

PENMANSHIP.

E. F. Knight, ist prem., i 00

WORSTED WREATH.
Mrs. Ella M. Hayes, gratuity,

I 00

L. H. Bradford, Chairman.

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

The committee award :

Richardson Manuf 'g Co., Worcester, hay tedder,
" " " " horse rake,

Buckeye Mowing Machine Co., mower,
" " " " horse rake,

Allen & Lufkin, Barre, horse rake,

S. G. Frost, buggy harness,

W. H. Allen, pair nickel plated harnesses.

Forge Village Horse Nail Co., horse nails,

S. M. Allen, adjustable sag plane,

2

00

I

00

5

00

2

00

3

00

4

00

4

00

2

00

2

00

KEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 37

F. W. Hudson, Leominster, apple parer,
AVm. Rice, ap})le parer,

E. M. Dickinson, ladies' boots,

R. P. Stark, brackets,

W. H. Jewett & Co., Leominster, piano fortes,

S. Sawyer, callipers and dividers,

Washburn Macliine Shop, Worcester, adjustable drawing

stand and drawing models,
Eli Culley, hand-cut tiles,
AV. A. Macurda & Co., perfumery,
Haskins Machine Co., button-hole attachment,
J. P. Hunter, Agt,, Worcester, Sprague mower,
O. L. Hatch, •' " Wood mower,

J. F. Chaffin, " Leominster, Bay State organs,

G. B. Knowlton, parlor and cook stoves,
W. E. Henry, " '^ "

S. G. Otis, Agt., Worcester, Domestic sewing machine,

Mrs. M. S. West, Wilson sewing machine,

L. J. Brown, Weed F. F. sewing machine,

H. A. Spooner, Wilcox & Gibbs sewing machine.

$1

CO

4

CO

2

oo

2

oo

5

oo

2

oo

3

oo

2

oo

3

oo

3

oo

3

oo

2

oo

I

50

2

00

3

00

3

00

2

00

4

00

I

00

J. H. LocKEY, /9r Committee.

MACHINERY.

The Haskins Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass., exhibited one
2 horse power steam engine, semi-portable; one 15 horse power
steam engine, variable cut-off; one 15 horse power steam engine,
jjlain; one 10 horse power vertical steam boiler; two Stetson's
turbine water wheels.

This company supplied the motive power for the machinery in
the hall. Their engines are made on the system of duplication of
parts, and are constructed in a thorough and workmanlike manner
and of the best material. These engines can be run at a high rate
of speed, work smoothly and without thumping. For these we
award a premium of $25 00

The 10 horse power steam boiler, is a fine specimen of boiler-
making, and is of the pattern adopted by this company, all of
which are tested by the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection.
Premium for this boiler, $5 ^o

38 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

The turbine water wheels are of the Stetson patent. They are
well made and very powerful.
Premium of $3 00

Putnam Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass.,

One iron planer, ist prem., $10 00
One engine lathe,

One speed lathe, 2d prem., 2 00

One planer head, prem., 3 00

Six lathe chucks, ist prem., 5 00

One case machinists' tools, ist prem,, 8 00

The work exhibited by this well known and popular company,
is of its uniform, excellent and thorough character. The planer-
head is a fine specimen of workmanship and finish. The case of
tools contains a full set of sizes of flat drills and reamers, fluted
reamers and steel mandrills fitted to " Whitworth's standard sizes. "
Every well-regulated shop should contain a case of these tools.
The independent four-jawed chucks are fine specimens of work.

Washburn Machine Shops, connected with the Worcester
County Free Institute of Industrial Sciences, Worcester, Mass.,
exhibit one engine lathe ; two emery wheel grinders ; one speed
lathe.

These machines are all of the most excellent design and char-
acter, and every inhabitant of Worcester county should be proud
of the production of this shop — the pioneer of its kind in this
country.

The engine lathe contains all those useful and handy arrange-
ments so well appreciated by practical machinists. For these,
together with its superior workmanship, we award a
First premium of • $ 1 5 00

The emery wheel grinders are constructed with an improved
box which excludes the grit and dust from the bearings. The
rests are adjustable to any position required.
Premium, $2 00

The speed lathe is fitted with conical steel bearings hardenefi.
A lathe of excellent style and finish.
First premium of $3 00

Fitchburg Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass., one compound
planer ; one engine lathe ; one vertical drill.
Premium, $3 00

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 39

The productions of this thriving company are decidedly pop-
ular, showing as they do from time to time that the managers are
constantly adding improvements to their tools.

The compound planer exhibited, appears to be complete in all
its parts and handy arrangements ; is well fitted and of fine style.
Premium, $20 00

The engine lathe is strong, well proportioned and well con-
structed. Second premium, $3 00

Rollstone Machine Works, Fitchburg, Mass., one jig saw ma-
chine. One guage lathe, premium $5 00
One Wardwell's patent saw bench, premium 3 00
One matcher, premium, 2 00

The jig saw machine has a novel device for producing and
maintaining a uniform strain upon the saw. The arrangements
consist of a combination of levers and springs, so arranged that
the increasing and diminishing tension of the springs are overcome
and equalized by the application of compound levers. The ac-
tion is so perfect as to admit of the using fine saws and run-
ning at great speed. Premium, $S 00

C. M. Flint, Fitchburg, Mass., one patent lever set circular

saw mill. A well constructed and finely working mill. The

scale and arrangements for setting, and the dogs for holding are

very complete. Premium, $10 00

New England Machine Co., Fitchburg, Mass., one portable
steam engine, first premium, $3 00

One Woodworth planer, premium, 3 00

Wilder & Brown, Fitchburg, Mass., one Waymoth lathe ; one
automatic lathe.

The automatic lathe appears to be a great improvement over
the Waymoth. Its action being automatic admits of several
lathes being operated by one person. Premium, $8 00

40 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

Baxter D. Whitney, Winchendon, Mass., one Whitney's patent
band sawing machine.

The frame of this machine is cast in one piece, thus securing
strength and firmness sufficient to hold the arbors in proper ahgn-
ment. The wheels carrying the saw-blade are made concave,
allowing greater compactness and avoiding the leverage of over-
hung pullies. The expansion and contraction of the saw is com-
pensated by a rubber spring, so arranged as to be self-adjusting.
The saw is guided and held in position by self-lubricating, adjusta-
ble wooden guides. To resist the backward thrust of the saw,
revolving hardened steel disks are placed behind the wooden
guides. The table is adjustable to any desired angle. The de-
sign and workmanship of this machine are excellent.
Premium, ^ $1000

Respectfully submitted,

J. G. FOLSOM,

A. WiJImsr^' ^ ^'''''^'^^'''

M. P. HiGGINS.

ESSAYS.

But a single article was offered, and that, though a pleasant
and a fairly written paper, they do not deem to possess positive
merits, such as to make it worthy of publication in the Society's
transactions, and they award no premium.

For the Committee,

Charles Mason, Chairmaii.

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS.

41

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS AND GRATUITIES
AWARDED,

Amount awarded for :

Plowing,

Town Teams,

Neat Stock,

Horses,

Sheep,

Swine,

Poultry,

Grain,

Fruits,

Flowers,

Vegetables,

Bread,

Butter,

Cheese,

Agricultural Implements,

Manufactured Articles,

Machinery,

Other Objects,

Total,

$44

00

50

00

215

00

^3

00

32

00

24

00

62

00

28

00

62

25

28

00

30

00

14

00

20

00

3

00

16

00

73

50

156

00

130

00

$1,160 75

The premiums and gratuities awarded to one hundred and
eighty- seven persons, were distributed as follows :

Fitchburg,

$652 00

Gardner,

$10 00

Leominster,

168 50

Winchendon,

10 00

Lunenburg,

130 25

Ashburnham,

7 50

Princeton,

65 00

West Boylston,

4 00

Worcester,

40 00

Barre,

3 00

Ashby,

29 50

Royalston,

2 00

Westminster,

24 75

Keene, N. H.,

2 00

Sterling,

12 25

These premiums and gratuities have been paid.

42 TREASURER'S REPORT.

Geo. S, Houghton, Treasurer, in account with Worcester
North Agricultural Society.

Cr.

1872.

Dec. 5th, paid Horace Wood, 2 days at fair, 1872, $4 00

J. Gushing & Co., oats, . 2 60

C. H. Smith, 2 days at fair, 1872, 4 00

Wright, Woodward & Co., hardware, 18 60

C. L. Fairbanks & Co., coal, 13 12

S. M. Lovering, marshal two days, 6 00

C. C. Boyden, mileage on swine, 325

E. L. Caldwell, 2 days selling tickets, 6 00

C. P. Dickinson, selling tickets and use of horse, 9 00

Dec. 4th, E. & F. King & Co., acid for balloon ascension, 81 15

Dec. 1 6th, Stratton & Spooner, printing, (in part 187 1), 200 00
H. G. Morse, carpenter work, 15 00

Fitchburg Lumber Co., 15 10

Dec. 2ist, Fitchburg Savings Bank, interest, 245 00

1873-

Jan. 4th, Henry Allison, 2^ days at fair, 10 00

Kendall & Underwood, ice for balloon, 1 2 00

Jan. 5th, F. G. Kinsman, work on tank, 2 75

M. J. Morse, damage to furniture, 25 00

L. McMaster, tending gate 2 days, i evening, 7 50

A. G. Harris, jobber, 2 00

T. G. Upton, balance for services, i 50

A. B. Lawrence, hardware, belting, etc., 25 77

Jan. 7th, John N. Turner, advertising, Ayer Public Spirit, 5 00

W. H. Lowe, tending gate 2 days, i evening, 7 50

Geo, F. Maynard, jobbing, 2 50

Feb. 20th, Int., on note of $3,000, Miles, Fisher & Gushing, 105 00

E. P. Monroe, superintendent of hall, ^7 50

H. J. Kimball, gas piping, 20 00

Additional premiums, 29 00

Postage, ^ 13 65

July 1 2th, Interest on note, (Miles, Fisher &: Gushing,) 160 00

Aug. nth, " " " " " " 87 50

S. E. Brigham, repairing skeleton of horse, i 98

Aug. 13th, T. F. & W. P. Guy, lanterns, &c., 9 00

Aug. 25th, Geo. S. Houghton, services Sec. and Treas., 60 00

k -

$1,227 97

TREASURER'S REPORT. 43

Dr.

1872.
Dec. 4th, To amount cash on hand,

Cash for coupons B. C. & F. R. R.,
for coupons Vt. & Mass. R. R.,
for coupons Cheshire R. R.,

1873-
July nth, Cash for Barnum's show,
July 1 8th, Dividend on Insurance Policy, Wor. Mut.,

Cash to date on Guarantee Fund,
Aug. 25th, " '' " " " "

Cash due Geo. S. Houghton, Treasurer,

$1,227 97

it>249

02

16

45

146 65

52

50

50

GO

30

GO

340

GO

100

GO

243

35

Jabez Fisher, Treasurer, in account with the Wcrcester
North Agricultural Society.

Cr.

1873.

Sept. 1 3th, By

cash paid for envelopes,

$4 36

Sept. 1 6th.

for postal cards,

8 GO

for mucilage.

50

Sept. 22d,

for stamps, ink, tacks, twine, etc..

3 07

Sept. 26th,

John Brown,

18 GO

Oct. 3rd,

Express bill.

26 GG

W. S. Kershaw, jobbing,

4 50

H. J. Kimball,

6 GG

Stephen Shepley,

30 50

C. G. Gushing,

25 GO

Sept. 23d,

Prizes in foot race.

IG GG

" " wheelbarrow race,

3 00

Sept. 24th,

" " foot race.

IG GO

" " potato race.

10 GO

" " sack race.

6 00

Oct. 2Gth,

P. C. Rice, selling tickets,

IG GG

Horace Wood,

5 00

Oct. 25th,

Boutelle, Horton & Co.,

75 09

W. M. Leathe,

3 00

J. L. & H. F. Piper,

46 50

Lucius Aldrich,

119 84

Thomas Palmer,

89 Z^

Leominster Band,

135 00

Oct. 2oth,

W. E. Clapp,

70 GO

J. F. Simonds,

6 GO

Jabez Fisher,

3 50

44 TREASURER'S REPORT,

Oct. 20th, By cash paidE. N. & H. M. Choate, $68 74

" " " " 2 54

L. McMaster, 12 00

A. B. Eaton, 4 25

Andrew Jewett, 5 00

J. A. Batdes, 25 50

Geo. Robbins & Co., 29 75

M. F. PHmpton, 10 00

Dewing & Monsall, 223 25

Whitney & Wheelock, 28 65

C. N. Fessenden, 10 00

W. H. & I. A. Lowe & Co., 171 14

Hawkins & Weston, 2 00

H. C. Bratt, 2 50

Joel Brothers, 16 50

S. M. & E. B. Dole, 3 75

A. S. Farwell, 3 00

J. S. Woodward, 3 00

Sentinel Printing Co., 24 75

Oct. 25th, Wright, Woodward & Co., ' 4 92

C. L. Fairbanks & Co., 10 45

Nov. ist, S. C. Woodward, ^5 00

C. H. Benton, 6 75

I. P. Connig, 7 00

W. H. Lowe, 10 00

Nov. 5th, Postal cards, stamps, etc., i 30

Nov. 30th, J. M. Blanchard, 3 00

Kendall & Underwood, 7 80

Freight bill, 225

Rollstone Machine Works, 137 20

Envelopes, stamps, etc., 9 ;^S
S. C. W. sending notices, annual meeting, 2 00

On hand, 140 16

1873.
Sept. 24th, To horse entrance fees,

152 dinner tickets sold Sept. 23d,

73 " " " " 24th,

2 memberships,

I " (premium awarded $2.00),

Oct. 3d, Cash S. Shepley, guarantee fund, (1873)

201 coupons Vt. & Mass. R. R. Co.,
Oct. 4th, Rent of grounds, (J. Cushing, Com.,)

Cash admission to fair ist day,
" " 2nd day,
Nov. 30th, Cash guarantee fund,

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$1,732 25

PRESIDENTS, ORATORS AND SECRETARIES. 45

PEESIDENTS, ORATORS AND SECRETARIES

OF THE

WORCESTER NORTH AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

PRESIDENTS.

1850-1.— ABEL F. ADAMS, Esq., Fitchburg.
1852-3.— Hon. IVERS PHILLIPS, Fitchburg.
1854-5.— Hon. MOSES WOOD, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, M. D., Fitchburg.
1858-9.— Hon. JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
1860-1.— THOMAS BILLINGS, Esq., Lunenburg.
1862-3.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Esq., Fitchburg.
1864-5.— Hon. OHIO WHITNEY, Jr., Ashburnham.

1866. —JOSEPH UPTON, Esq., Fitchburg,

1867. —JOSHUA T. EVERETT, Esq., Princeton.

1868. —EUGENE T. MILES, Esq., Fitchburg.

1869. —SAMUEL OSGOOD, Esq., SterHng.

1870. —WILLIAM WOODBURY, Fitchburg.
1871-2.— Hon. JOHN H. LOCKEY, Leominster.

1873. —STEPHEN SHEPLEY, Fitchburg.

1874. —DANIEL C. MILES, Westminster.

orators :

1850.— Hon. CHARLES HUDSON, Lexington.
1852.— THOMAS E. PAYSON, Esq., Rowley.
1853,— Rev. HORATIO STEBBINS, Fitchburg.
1854.— Gov. EMORY WASHBURN, Worcester.
1855.— Hon, NATHANIEL F BANKS, Wahham.
1856.— CHARLES L. FLINT, Esq., Boston.
1857.— JUSTUS TOWER, Esq., Lanesborough.
1859— Hon, GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, Groton.
18.60 ^HoN. OEORGE B. LORING, Salem.
j.g6i— Hon, A. H. BULLOCK, Worcester.
186:2.— Rev. a, N. ARNOLD, D. D. Westboro.
i3^3._LUTHER H, TUCKER, Esq., Albany, N. Y.
j867,-T-GEORGE E. TOWNE, Esq., Fitchburg.

46 LIFE MEMBERS.

1868.— Hon. DANIEL NEEDHAM, Groton.
1869.— Hon. WILLIAM SPRAGUE, Rhode Island.
1870.— Hon. ALVAH CROCKER, Fitchburg.
iSyi.—DR. JAMES R. NICHOLS, Boston.
1872.— Rev. C. W. EMERSON, Fitchburg.

SECRETARIES I

i85o-i._NATHAN UPHAM, Fitchburg.

1852. —JOSEPH PIERCE, Fitchburg.

1853. —CHARLES W. WILDER, Fitchburg.
1854-5.— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
1858-63.— WILLIAM G. WYMAN, Fitchburg.
1864. —LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1865-6.— ALVIN M. SAWYER, Fitchburg.
1867-9.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1870. —WALTER A. FAMES, Fitchburg.
1871-3.— GEORGE S. HOUGHTON, Fitchburg.
1874.— FRANKLIN G. FESSENDEN, Fitchburg.

LIFE MEMBERS.

In the following list the Post Office address, when it differs
from the residence, is given in italics after the name ; * indicates
that the person has removed, but that the present residence is un-
known ; t indicated that the person has deceased.

ASHBY. Foster, Joel

Gates, Howard

Brown, C. H. Gates, Paul

Burr, John Hapgood, Wm. G.

Damon, Samuel R. Hayward, Homer J.

Damon, Ebenezer Hayward, Joel

Davis, John Hayward, Paul

Fay, Dennis Fitchburg. Hayward, Samuel

Foster, Jesse Hayward, John

Foster, Joseph Hodgman, Luther

LIFE MEMBERS.

47

Hubbard, Augustus
Hubbard, George B.
Johnson, William
Kendall, George
Lawrence, David t
Smidi, Levi
Spencer, Hobart
Wall is, Benjamin
Wallis, B. Frank Fitchburg.
Wellington, Liberty
Wright, Charles H.
Wright, Francis W.
Wilder, E. F.
Willard, L. B.

ASHBURNHAM.

Adams, Ivers
Barrell, Nahiim
Cummings, John L.
Davis, John C.
Eaton, N. L.
Ellis, Daniels Jr.,
Foster, Jerome W. t
Green, Hosea

Harris, Humphrey Burrageville,
Houston, Horace W.
Howard, George
Howe, Addison
► Howe, Perley
Marble, Warren
Maynard, Antipas
Merritt, Simeon
Russell, Ward
Russell, Franklin
Sampson, George G.
Wallace, Merrick
Wallace, F. W.
Ward, Isaac D.
Ward, Stephen
Whitmore, Alfred f
Whitney, Merrick
Whitney, Ohio
Wilker, John
Wilker, Joseph W.
Willard, Merrick
Winchester, Charles
Winchester, George C.
Woodward, John G.

Whitney, F. A.

BOSTON.

Beal, F. E. L.
Boothby, S. A.
Breck & Sons, Joseph
Comee, William W.
Farwell, Lyman
Haskins, F. W.
Lucas, Edmund G.
Proctor, D. A.
Simonds, Alvan
Tilden, William P.
Whitney, Waldo F.
Whittemore, Belcher & Co.

FITCHBURG.

Aldrich, Lucius
Aldrich, Mrs. Lucius
Aldrich, Miss Mary M. "
American Rattan Company,
Adams, Erastus *
Applin, Mrs. Sophia S.
Bailey, E. Foster
Baldwin, Joseph
Ball, William *
Ball, S. B. *
Barker, Lorenzo
Barker, Mrs. Lorenzo
Bascom, Silas
Battles, Oscar A.
Battles, George T.
Battles, J. Augustus
BilHngs, Charles J.
Blood, H. A.
Boutelle, David
Boutelle, Frank L.
Boutelle, Mrs. T. R.
Bradford, Lewis H.
Bradford, Mrs. L. H.
Bradford, Miss Anna T.
Brigliam, Charles
Brigl;am, Seth E.
Brown, Mrs. Bessie M.
Brown, James D. *
Brown, Horace H.
Brown, L. J.

48

LIFE MEMBERS.

Brown, James JV. Fitchburg.
Brown, John F. 2d.
Bullock, Laban *
Burnap, Edwin S.
Burnap, Samuel
Buttrick, Francis
Burleigh, Charles
Burney, John
Caldwell, Enoch t
Caldwell, Thomas C.
Carleton, Wm. A.
Carpenter, Daniel M, t
Caswell, Hosea M.
Caswell, Nathan
Caswell, S. Melville
Childs, S. Austin
Choate, John
Coggshall, Henry F.
Comee, Leander P.
Comee, Charles H.
Conn, John A.
Conn, Reuben R.
Colony, George D.
Corey, Jonas
Cotting, William W.
Cowdin, Natt
Crehore, Warren A.
Crocker, Alvah
Crocker, Daniel P.
Crocker, Charles T.
Cross, Daniel
Cushing, Joseph
Cushing, Mrs. Joseph
Cushing, Charles G.
Cushing, Susan E.
Cushing, Milton M.
Corey, David A.
Damon, Albert
Damon, George
Daniels, Thomas E.
Dadmun, Charles E.
Davis, Alonzo
Davis, Jonathan P.
Davis, Charles
Davis, Elnathan Auburn. .
Davis, Joel
Day, William F.
Delahanty, Charles J.

Derby, Gilbert H.
Dickinson, Elijah M.
Dickinson, Charles P.
Dole, A. S.
Dole, S. M.
Downe, ]\Irs. Leonard
Downe, Edward P.
Downe, Mrs. Edward P.
Drew, Wm. B. S. West F.
Dyer, Henry B.
Dyke, Joseph
Eager, Wm. L.
Eames, Walter A.
Eaton, Daniel S.
Eaton, Thomas S.
Eddy, B. W^ebster
Emerson, Alfred Lancaster.
Emory, Charles A.
Emory, Wilham C.
Emory, Edward F.
Emory, Sidney P.
Fairbanks, Charles L.
Fairbanks, Lyman N.
Fairbanks, J. H.
Farrar, Gardner
Farwell, Elijah C.
Far well, Samutl *
Earns worth, Thomas
Fay, George F.
Fessenden, Charles
Fessenden, Fr. G.
Fisher, Jabez
Fisher, Mrs. Jabez
Fisher, J. Frank
Fitchburg, Town of
Freeland, James C. t
Frost, S. Gilman
Frye, Georije A.
Fuller, Hubbard B.
Fitchburg Novelty Works,
Garfield, J. F. D.
Garfield, John
Gerrv, E. J. *
Gill, Thomas H. *
Gilbert, Ivar R.
Gibson, Thomas t
Goodrich, Edwin A.
Goodrich, Henry A.

LIFE MEMBERS.

49

Goodridge, Alonzo P.

Goodrich, George E.

Goodridge, Herbert D.

Goddard, R. L. Palmer.

Goodwin, William H. IVest F.

Gould, William

Gott, Calvin O.

Graves, Howard M. *

Greene, Henry G.

Hadley, Nathan B.

Hale, Samuel

Hannegan, James

Hardy, William A.

Hardon, J. J.

Harris, Gordis D. *

Harris, John M.

Hartwell, Isaac

Haskell, Jacob

Haskell, Miss Lizzie H.

Haskins Machine Co.

Haskins, John F.

Haynes, Stillman

Hayward, E, T.

Hawes, Samuel t

Hawkins, Gardner P.

Henry, Wm. E. & Co.

Hey wood, Walter

Heywood, Mrs. Walter

Hitchcock, Alfred

Hitchcock, Hiland C.

Hogan, Walter W.

Hodges, George L. *

Holmes, Elias

Holman, Silas

Holden, Marquis L.

Hollis, John W. *

Holton, S. S.

Hosmer, Silas

Hosmer, Mrs. Silas

Hosmer, Miss Clara D.

Houghton, Josiah S.

Houghton, Edward L.

Houghton, George S.

Houghton, Mrs. George S.

Jackson, Henry

Jaquith, Caleb W.

Jewett, George

J efts, Asa S.

Joel, Reuben
Kenney, William F. *
Kendall, Levi
Kimball, John W.
Kimball, A. P.
Kimball, Herbert W. *
Kimball, H. J.
Kilgore, John C.
Lawrence, Abram G.
Lawrence, George L.
Lane, Mrs. J. B.
Lewis, Mrs. B. F.
Leathe, William M.
Leverett, James W. *
Litch, Aaron K.
Litchfield, James D.
Livermore, Charles *
Lowe, Henry J. *
Lowe, John
Lowe, Willard H.
Lyon, Moses G.
Macy, E. B.
Manning, Elson W.
Manning, Joseph E.
Macurda, W. A. & Co.
Marshall, Alfred A.
Marshall, Abel
Marshall, Jonas A.
Marshall, Joseph A. *
Mason, Charles
Mason, Carolme
Mclntire, David
Mclntire, Farrington
Mclntire, James
Merriam, David H.
Messenger, Daniel
Messenger, Horace P.
Miller, Alfred
Miles, Eugene T.
Miles, Mrs. E. T.
Miles, Miss Hattie E.
Miles, Miss Anstis R.
Miles, Miss Mabel A.
Monroe, Edwin P.
Monroe, Mrs. E. P.
Monroe, James F.
Montjoy, George W.
Moulton, J. C.

60

LIFE MEMBERS.

Murnane, William
Morse, H G.
Morse, M. J.
Morse, Herbert O.
Nichols, Lyman
Norcross, Amasa
Nutting, George F.
Page, Hale W. Kalamazoo, Mich.
Page, Joel
Page, Mrs. Joel
Page, Herbert E.
Page, Walter F. *
Page, Warren B. *
Palmer, Thomas,
Palmer, Mrs. Thomas
Palmer, Miss Mary-
Palmer, Joseph
Partridge, H. P. f
Partridge, Asa
Patch, Lyman
Patch, Mrs. Lyman
Patch, Arthur
Phelps, S. Dennis
Pierce, James
Pierce, Joseph
Pierce, Joseph 2d
Piper, Joseph L.
Piper, Henry F.
Place, J. D.
Porter, E. C.
Pratt, Lawrin
Pratt, Silas
Pratt, Willie F. C.
Prichard, John
Pride, William M.
Proctor, George B.
Proctor, George N.
Proctor, Sullivan G.
Proctor, Benjamin F.
Proctor, John B.
Proctor, Mrs. J. B.
Putnam, James P.
Putnam, Frank P.
Putnam, Salmon W. t
Rice, Oran S.
Richardson, Edwin
Richardson, J. B *
Ripley, Flora B.

Robbins, George
Ruo-gles, Otis T.
Ruggles, Mrs. Otis T.
Ruggles, Miss Abbie J.
Ruggles, Walter W.
Sabin, John P.
Safford, Benjamin
Sawtell, Charles
Sawtell, John M.
Sawyer, Sylvanus
Sawyer, Alvin M.
Sawyer, Asa f

Sawyer, Charles B. West F.
Sawyer, Charles K. West F.
Saunders, Charles *
Shattuck, Warren W.
Sheldon, Francis
Sheldon, Thomas
Sheldon, Samuel D.
Shepley, Stephen
Shepley, Mrs. Stephen
Shepley, Francis B.
Sherman, Andrew B.
Simonds, Abel West F.
Simonds, Joseph F.
Smith, Edward
Smith, John
Smith, Joseph
Smith, William P.
Snow, Peter S.
Snow, C. H. B.
Snow, Benjamin
Snow, Francis H. *
Society, First Universalist
Spaulding, E. G.
Sprague, Leander
Stearns, Varus *
Stickney, George O.
Stiles, James F.
Stiles, Mrs. J. F.
Stoddard, Charles B.
Stockwell, Loriston f
Stone, Norman
Stone, Alanson J. Lancaster.
Stevens, Levi *
Stratton, Charles C.
Tenney, Jonathan L.
Thurston, Cyrus

LIFE MEMBERS.

51

Torrey, Ebenezer

Torrey, Mrs. E.

Towne, George E.

Trees, Thomas f

Tuttle, Lewis G.

Tuttle, D. Waterman

Twichell, John M.

Tvvichell, Seth

Upham, Nathan

Upton, Harrison

Upton, John

Upton, Mrs. J.

Upton, Edwin

Upton, Thomas

Upton, Warren C.

Vose, WilHam H.

Wallace, Rodney

Ware, Samuel

Ware, T. K.

Ware, Lewis

Warren, L. W. f

Waterhouse, Joseph *

Waymouth, A. D.

West, Benjamin W.

West, Clark S.

Weston, S. J. M.

Wetherbee, Alfred

Wheelock, George

Wheeler, Benjamin

Wlieeler, Loring

Wheeler, Lorenzo D.

Wheeler, Samuel A.

W'heelwright, Geo. W. Jr. *

Whitcomb, Nathan

White, W. Fred*

Whitman, Jonathan

Whitman, Augustus Leominster.

Whitman, Ephraim

Whitney, Edwin A.

Whitney, Albert E.

Whittemore, Mrs. B. F. *

W^ilder, Charles W\ *

W^illis, Henry A.

Wilkins, Aaron

Wilson, Timothy S.

Wood, Charles H.

Wood, Mrs. Moses

Wood, Nathaniel

Woodbury, James M.
Woodbury, Miss Maria E.
Woodbury, William
Woodbury, Oscar F.
Works, T. Benton
Works, Edwin D.
Works, George F. *
Wright, J. Q.
Wheeler, John
White, I vers
Young, Z. F.
Younglove, T. ♦

GARDNER.

Bancroft, Amasa

Bush, C. W.

Greenwood, Calvin S. f

Heywood, Levi

Heywood, Seth

Heywood, Charles

Hill, Edwin

Hill, Henry C.

Hill, John W.

Hubbard, George W. *

Parker, David

Sawin, John So. Gardner.

Stevens, S. W. A. So. Gardner.

Taylor, Stephen So. Gardner.

Wood, Abel S.

Wood, Asaph So. Gardner.

HARVARD.

Bull, Trumbull
Burt, George E.
Farmer, Emroy
Fletcher, Sherman
Hosmer, Samuel
Lane, Edwin
Puffer, Josiah Ayer.
Taylor, Zopher
Whitney, Hiram
Whitney, Samuel F.
Willard, Alfred R.

LEOMINSTER.

Allen, Joel C.

62

LIFE MEMBERS.

Arlington Piano Company,

Boutelle, N. C.

Boyden, Elliot E.

Boyden, Charles C.

Bennett, James

Bird, Ebenezer

Burrage, Emory

Burrage, Leonard North L.

Burdiit, A. L.

Burditt, J. S. t

Buss, John L.

Carter, James H.

Carter, Solon

Carter, George R.

Chase, Henry

Cozzens, Joseph

Colburn, Charles H.

Cotton, Ward M.

Day, N. C. *

Derby, Alden

Derby, Cephas

Everett, Abram

Field, C. C.

Fuller, William H.

Gates, Augustus

Gates, Edwin

Gates, Whiting

Gates, Jonas W.

Grout, George H.

Harrington, Fred B.

Haskell, Franklin L.

Haws, Manson D.

Hosmer, William B.

Hall, B. F.

Johnson, Ephraim

Johnson, Elbridge

Joslin, Charles L.

Keteridge, Monroe H.

Lincoln, Geo. T.

Lincoln, Timothy

Lockey, John H.

Lockey, John M.

Lyon, A. E.

Marshall, James A.

Marshall, James H.

Marshall, Joseph North L.

Merriam, C. H.

Merriam, Gardner

Morse, Augustus *

Moore, Estabrook

Nichols, Edmund H.

Nichols, John F.

Nicholson, Charles R.

Piper, Porter

Putnam & Phelps North Z.

Rice, George L.

Stratton, Albert

Salisbury, D. W.

Sheldon, G. W.

Snow, Mrs. Nancy North L.

Thompson, E. P.

Tilton, Emory

Tisdale, S. A.

Whitney, F. A. Carriage Co.

Woods, George

Woods, Henry A.

LUNENBURG.

Baker, William Fitchburg,

Ball, Varnum

Billings, Thomas

Billings, George

Brown, W. L,

Brown, John F.

Brown, Mrs. J. F.

Fairbanks, John

Graham, Ephraim Fitchhurg,

Goodrich, Joseph

Gilchrist, George S.

Heath, Mahon S.

Houghton, Edmund

Johnson, Martin

Kilburn, Cyrus

Kilburn, Mrs. Cyrus

Page, Luther

Pitts, Lemuel *

Putnam, James

Putnam, Daniel

Stone, Stillman

Whitney, Aaron P.

Wliite, Levi

PRINCETON.

Benson, W. W.

LIFE MEMBERS.

53

Beaman, Winslow E. East P.

Brooks, John

Brown, W. H. East P.

Danforth, Nathan *

Everett, J. T. East P.

Gill, Emery W.

Gregory, George M.

Hastings, Solon S.

Houghton, George W.

Merriam, J. Edwin

Mirick, Sewall G.

Mirick, Moses H. East P.

Mirick, Paul M. East P,

Reed, Nathan B.

Richardson, Sewall

Roper, John

Roper, Wilkes

Skinner, George O.

Skinner, Harlow

Thompson, A. G.

Temple, Jonas H. East P.

Whitcomb, Joseph East P.

Wilder, Mark East P.

ROYALSTON.

Bemis, Otis South P.
Clark, Edson
Clark, Timothy
Farrar, S. S. South P.
Hale, John W. Soi'ith P.
Hale, Silas South P.
Jones, Aaron South P.
Jones, Silas South P.
Perkins, Joseph L.
Raymond, Joseph
Safford, Roby R. South P.
Stock well, Anan South R.
Turner, Ephraim South P.

SHIRLEY.

Davis, George

Edgarton, Charles A. S. Vill.
Gardner, Jerome B. S. Vill.
Gardner, M. T. S. Vill.
Hartwell, Nathaniel
Hazen, Thomas L. S. Vill.

S. Village,

Hazen, Jacob P
Munson, Norman C.
Page, George
Parker, James O.
Sanderson, George W.
Wetherbee, Wm. H.
Whitney, Thomas E.

STERLING.

Barron, A. S.
Batdwm, William
Burpee, Edward
Fitch, Charles B.
Flagg, Charles
Hastings, Rufus
Heywood, H. Marcellus
Heywood, Moses B.
Kendall, Ezra
Kendall, George
Loring, Chandler H.
Loring, Maynard
Nourse, Franklin
Osgood, Samuel
Peck, W. D.
Rizhardson, William B.
Stephenson, John M.
Sawyer, Jonathan M.
Sawyer, Putnam
Sawyer, William H.
Smith, Sidney
Whitney, Joseph

TEMPLETON.

Day, Oilman Baldwinville.
Goldsmith, J. G. Otter Piver.
Sawyer, Edwin Baldwinville.
Sawyer, James East Templeton,
Simonds, Warren
Smith, Levi N. Baldwinville.
Stone, E. W. Otter Piver.

WESTMINSTER.

Bacon, Edward

Barnes, Adonijah

Benjamin, A. W. Wachusett Vill.

54

LIFE MEMBERS.

Benson, Bigelow

Brown, Timothy Wachusett Vill.

Carter, Russell O.

Carter, E. R.

Chesmore, Reuben G. Fitchburg.

Divol, Luke

Duncan, Geo. N. Fitchburg.

Ellis, Preston

Flagg, Otis

Forbush, Joseph W. *

Hagar, Isaac *

H olden, Amos B.

Laws, David As/ibuni/iam.

Laws, James H.

Leonard, John K.

Merriam, Artemas

Merriam, Caleb S.

Merriam, Joel t

Minot, John

Miller, Joseph *

Miles, George t

Miles, Daniel C.

Miles, Daniel Wachusett Vill.

North, Daniel

Page, Jo si ah West F.

Page, Porter F. West F.

Pufter, James,

Raymond, Asa

Raymond, Eli W.

Raymond, Aretas f

Sprague, S. H. Wachusett Vill.

Towne, George W. *

Waterhouse, Joseph

Whitney, Calvin

AMiite, Marshall

AVinship, Han dell

Winship, Sylvester .

Wood, Aaron

Wood, Benjamin F.

Wood, Timothy D.

Wood, T. S.

Wood, Allen B. Fitchburg.

Wyman, Benj. Wachusett Vill.

Wyman, Franklin Wachusett V.

Wynvin, David *

WINCHENDON.

Brown, William 2d
Cutter, John
Folsom, John G.
Forristal, John M.
Mason, Orlando
Murdock, Ephraim Jr.
Raymond, Paul Jr.
Whitney, Giles H.
Vose, Reuben Jr.

WORCESTER.

Beaman, G. S.
Bullock, Alexander H. •
Boyington, John
Brown, Alzirus
Barnard, A. B.
Chase, Anthony
Howard, Justin
Harris, Gideon
jNIiles, Charles M.
Phillips, I vers
Richardson, George W.
Spooner, A. J.
Wellinsjton, Timothy W.
Wheeler, W. A.
Whitcomb, David

MISCELLANEOUS.

Martin Clifford. Amherst ; George Chandler, Acton ; William
S. Merritt, Ashfield ; Francis Conant, Boxboro' ; J. H. Reed, J.
Forbush, Bolton; R. S. Denney, Clappville ; William A. Mandell,
Cambridge ; Washington Nichols, Charlestown ; Amory Davidson,
Clinton ; Rodney Fuller, Dracut ; Eli A. Hubbard, Easthampton ;

LIFE MEMBERS. 55

Henry G. White, Framingham; Hazen O. Bean, Groton; Charles
L. Nutting, Groton; Nath'l Holden, A. L. Lawton, Groton June;
M. L. May, Hubbardston; Alpheus B. Davis, Holland; Ebenezer
Bullard, Hampstead, N. H. ; J. A. Harwood, J. H. Whitcomb,
Adam Thompson, Littleton; Albert Merriam, Lowell; John W.
Piper, Lynn ; Samuel Farvvell, 2d, Fitchburg ; John F. Ware, Mil-
ton ; A. O. Cummings, Lsrael Everett, A. C. & J. G. Wood, Mill-
bury ; Daniel W. Blood, Pepperell ; Edward Powers, Phillipston ;
John A. Rice, Quincy; Henry B. Jones, Townsend; Asher
Green, Mrs. Asher Green, Abram M. White, West Townsend ;
Stephen Stanton, Wayland; Martin Harris, Warwick; L. H. Rice,
West Boylston; E. W. Houghton, Still River; A. H. Brick,
Waterbury, Vt.; James O. Kendall, Hartford, Wis.; Luther H.
Tucker, Albany, N. Y.; Henry F. Kenney, Philadelphia, Pa.; H.
W. Collin, Burlington, Vt.; Joel Foskett, Camden, N. Y ; Elisha
Garfield, t Horatio Hill, Israel Longley, Chicago, 111.; Milton
Frost, Detroit, Mich.; J. T. Densmore, Charleston, N. H.; Nathan
Whitney, Claremont, N. H.; Hiram W. Albee, Ludlow, Vt.; Arte-
mas F. Andrews, Geo. M. Gage, North Ipswich, N. H.; Solomon P.
Burpee, J. M. Stuart, William B. Wood, New York City; Gilman
Jones, N. Buffalo, Mich. ; Kendall Brooks, Joseph W. Mansur,
Kalamazoo, Mich.; Oliver Howe, Titusville, Pa.; James L.
Haynes, Peru, Vt. ; Solomon F. Towne, Rindge, N. H. ; Frank
M. Proctor, Westmoreland, N. H. ; Henry R. Phelps, Syracuse,
N. Y. ; Bailey, Cook & Co., Woonsocket, R. I. ; William G. Wy-
man, Maine Prairie, Cal. ; Thomas B. Choate, Stockton, Cal. ;
Horatio Stebbins, San Francisco, Cal. ; Henry W. Haskell, Marys-
ville, Cal. ; Jacob Brown, Maysville, Mo. ; James Houghton,
Oakdale; Jones & Perkins, Wilton, N. H.

REPORT. \^£iEG7:

ROOT CROPS AND CABBAGES.
(The following report came too late to be printed in its order.)

" The object of every practical farmer is to grow from a given
extent of land, the largest quantity of the most valuable product
at the least expense; and at the same time with the least injury to
the soil."

Experience ought to teach every farmer that here on our old
sterile soils of Worcester North, that it is folly to think that either
cereals or root crops without deep and thorough tillage, which is
effected mainly by efficient plowing, can throw out strong roots,
luxuriant stalks and an abundant harvest.

It is obvious too, that the little seed after breaking the shell,
delicate, thread-like as it is, cannot penetrate the soil unless it be
made soft and fine ; neither can these small rootlets extend their
researches for food unless the soil has a corresponding depth and
richness to feed upon ; hence thorough tillage must be resorted to,
and this can not be effected unless the soil itself be in proper con-
dition at the outset.

All vegetables in their various stages of growth require air,
warmth and moisture ; otherwise life and health are not supported.
Below the surface of the ground there is a body of cold, stag-
nant water, sometimes, however, to great depth, but frequently
near the surface, and in retentive soils within a foot or so of the
surface. Now this stagnant water not only excludes the air and
warmth, but renders the soil wet and cold ; and being of itself no
benefit without air and warmth, its removal to a greater depth is
desirable; hence underdraining — preliminary to deep tillage, in
fact a thorough pulverization of soil can not be reached without
the removal of the stagnant water below the surface.

As farm drainage is yet in its infancy in this section, (Worces-
ter North,) questions are frequently put by young farmers, and
those also of long experience : What lands require drainage ? For
what crops should soils be drained, and for what purpose ?

58 REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

To the first, it may be said that soils having comparatively a
deep surface, soil impregnated with clay, and retentive of water so
that willows and wild grapes make their appearance in the place
of timothy and red-top, this is evidence of standing water, from
the fact that these water-loving plants would not have been found
there, had not the stagnant water below the surface been present
and encouraged their growth.

In reply to the second inquiry it may be said that all cereals
and root crops require that water should be removed from twenty
to twenty-five inches below the surface, for the purpose of giving
deep plowing, thus admitting air and warmth.

It has come under the observation of extensive root growers
on meadow and swamp lands, that if the water stand in the
ditches only six or eight inches from the surface, that the root pen-
etrates only to that depth but refuses to go further ; here it makes
half a dozen little fangs or fingers, branching off sidewise — any
where rather than into its enemy — cold water ; and the result is
a half-starved crop.

All cereals require the very opposite of wet, cold land, but a
deep, loose, friable soil, and this can not be reached, when water
is at or near the surface ; it has of late come to the knowledge of
observing cultivators, that the small roots of cereals extend many
feet, instead of only a few inches as was formerly supposed; hence
when these small tender roots come in contact with any pernicious
substance, their growth is retarded, the stock grows pale and
sickly, consequently a meagre crop.

Stagnant water again is deadly poison to young pear trees and
grape vines, therefore the young man who intends to embark in
the cultivation of pears or grapes, should carefully study the na-
ture of his soils, their texture, location, aspect, etc. ; and for any
or all of the above named crops, he should be satisfied with
nothing short of a deep pulverized soil, and this can not be had
when its foe is at the bottom.

Nursery-men and market-gardeners have long since learned,
that having a well drained soil, either naturally or artificially, and
deep cultivation, have been their stronghold to success.

It was the theory of the early teachers of agriculture, that hav-
ing a soil free from water, and by giving deep and frequent plow-
ings, it would so much enrich the soil, that successive crops might

REPORT OF COMMITTEE. 59

betaken without the appHcation of manure; so we repeat that
draining our soils is a branch of improvement, and its principles
liitle understood, and its advantages not fully appreciated, and we
are not likely to learn much of either, only from expeiience and
observation.

Havmg prepared the soil for tillage by under-draining, the
next work of importance is effected by the use of that very useful
farm implement, the plow. Although improvements within the
last half century have been made in the construction, yet the ad-
vancement in its use has not been in the same ratio ; neither, as a
general rule, have our grass lands or other lands been so well and
effectually worked by the plow as they were fifty years ago, and
for the simi)le reason that our boys and young men have not been
trained to the work ; for a man " to hold plow'" or let the plow
follow the team, the plowman having his mind and eyes on some
other object is 07ie thing, but to guage the plow, give proper draft
and cut a straight furrow, of uniform width and depth and lay the
same even and level throughout the field is quite another. And
not one in ten who has never been trained in the work is able to
perform the task. It was truly said by an experienced farmer that
it required more skill and ingenuity to govern and gauge the plow,
than for the builder to make one ; as the mechanic has both rule
and line to work by and guide him, while the plowman has only
his own eye and muscle to govern him ; hence, to become a plow-
man the individual must not only have an interest in and a desire
for the work, but he must have no small amount of practice.

One object in plowing is to make a mellow seed-bed for the
plant capable of absorbing the elements from the atmosphere, es-
sential for its growth. The absorbing portion of the soil, is in pro-
portion to its fineness, the finer and more porous we make the soil,
the greater the power of absorption. It is well known that if water
adulterated with barn manure, be filtered through fine pulverized
clay, it is rendered nearly pure ; when drained through gravel it is
less so, and if sand is used, the change is hardly perceptible. So
that the finer we make the soil, in the same ratio will they retain
those elements of the atmosphere necessary for plant food. Hence
if we would have our soils retain the manure and fertilizers we put
upon them, it is important that we make them fine and porous ;
although pulverizing the soil is not applying manure, yet it serves
materially to aid the young rootlets in making their researches for
food, and hastens the crop.

60 EEPORT OF COMMITTEE.

One object then in plowing, is to break the stubble, and re-
duce the soil to that degree of fineness that the rains, dews and air
may penetrate them, and deposit their fertilizing influences.

Another object in plowing, is to mix and deepen the soils. It
often happens that the surface soil is sandy and the sub-soil clay,
or the surface soil composed ^mainly of vegetable loam, and the
sub-soil wanting. Now it is important that these soils are
mixed and made deeper and changed to a proper fineness, before
they are fit to give sustenance to the young plant, and give more
extensive range to the young rootlets. The depth to which land
should be ploughed, should be varied according to circumstances.
We would not, however, favor the principle of turning up a large
amount of sub-soil at once, but at each successive plowing, gauge
the plow so that it may remove and bring to the surface about one
inch more in depth than at the previous plowing; this will add an
amount of sub -soil to the surface, equal to one hundred loads of
thirty bushels each, to be converted into surface soil, and this op-
eration repeated till the required depth is obtained.

It was said, with much emphasis, nearly half a century ago, by
a scientific and practical farmer, " plowing is too deep when it
buries all the richer parts, and brings to the top only a cold and
gravelly substance, unless you have manure in such abundance,
that you can create a new vegetable surface." This principle is as
true to day as then. It may also be said with equal emphasis, that
plowing is too frequent when the excess of crops does not fully
compensate for the extra cost of plowing.

Every observing farmer must have noticed that when imper-
fect plowing has been done around trees and stumps, and about
fences, that the crops are poor and feeble. This is not caused by
the poverty or sterility of the soil, because as the plow rises out
of the ground to the surface, it brings with it, and deposits the
richer parts of the soil. The feebleness of the crop is caused by
the indifferent plowing, and consequently from poor tillage that
the plant has received afterwards.

As before said, the rains and the atmosphere are not only
charged with elements of fertility, but they are agents acting with
heat in preparing food in the soil for the use of plants. Rains, heat
and air should not only enter into but circulate i/irough the soil.
Stagnant water and stagnant air are alike hurtful to animals and
plants.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE. 61

The old cut-and-cover system of plowing, is in vogue in 1873,
as well as in 1823.

We remember, when boys, the object was quantity and not
guality ; regarding the complete breaking up and removing of the
sod, a matter of minor importance. Now, there will always be
boys in the field, until the theory of good plowing is better under-
stood.

POTATOES.

Of all crops now grown in New England, in no other form can
so large an amount of human food be grown from an acre, as in
edible roots or tubers ; and of these the potato is by far the most
acceptable. Other roots are used occasionally, by way of variety,
or as giving relish to other kinds of food ; but the potato alone
forms a part of the every day diet to all.

SOIL AND PREPARATION.

The farmer who has a dry, warm soil, well covered with decayed
or decaying leaves or brush, may expect to grow from it a good
crop of potatoes, provided the seed be sound and good, and under a
clean cultivation. Grown on dry, new land, the potato always cooks
dry and mealy, and possesses an agreeable flavor not usually found
in those grown in any other soil. In no argillaceous soil can the
potato be grown to perfection, as far as regards quality, although it
may be so as far as it respects quantity.

To produce roots of the best quality the soil should be dry,
deep and porous, and to get a large crop the ground should be
well filled with humus. Nitrogenous manures should always be
excluded ; if they must be used, it is far better to apply them to
some other crop the year previous to growmg the potato. An ex-
cellent manure for the potato is to mix one cord of well seasoned
muck with one, cask of air slaked lime, using salt liberally at the
time of slacking and applying about eight cords to the acre. As
soon as the shoots break the ground a small quantity of some
good fertilizer applied renders material aid in hastening the crop.
Another cheap and profitable manure has been found by using
one cask of pure bone meal to the same quantity of unleached
ashes thoroughly mixed together ; let the heap remain upon the
barn floor for a week or ten days, shoveling it over once in a day

62 REPOET OF COMMITTEE.

or two ; apply this compost in the hills or drills at the rate of four
or five casks per acre, using care to throw a small quantity of
earth upon the seed before applying the compost. This has been
found a valuable manure, costing only five-eighths as much as
that of super-phosphate the best now in use, and producing quite
as good results. As all fertilizers act quickly upon plants, com-
pared with barn manure, it is plain that the whole quantity should
not be applied at once or at the time of planting, but one-half
at the time of depositing the seed, and the remainder at the first
and second hoeings, thus keeping the crop constantly supplied
with plant food during its growth.

To grow a heavy crop of potatoes at the present high price
of land already denuded of its humus, together with the high
prices of poor labor, it is necessary that all requisitions should be
fulfilled ; that is, we can't gather grapes from thorns, nor good
potatoes from a dry, hungry soil without special care. We re-
member, when boys and living in Vermont, about sixty years ago,
it was not uncommon for farmers to grow from three to four hun-
dred bushels to the acre ; now it is well known that half that
amount is more than an average yield on the same ground.

This great falling off in quantity can not be attributed to run-
ning out of varieties, for varieties are yet extant that have not
passed their prime, neither can it be caused by disease, for dis-
ease does not occur every year, nor does it enter every field ; it
may be traceable mainly to poverty in the soil in certain ingredi-
ents, or in other words the soil is partially denuded of its humus.
Now it is suggested that if one will plant on comparatively dry,
suitable soil enriched with leaves, sea weed, or in plowing in green
crops till the soil is filled to a proper depth with vegetable matter,
he will find that the potato can yet be grown in Worcester North in
full vigor and usefulness. The skinning process so often alluded to
by taking from the soil all that is possible to take, and returning
nothing to it again is a ruinous operation to the farm, as well as
to the owner.

ONIONS.

As a general rule, any soil well adapted to the growth of In-
dian corn, is well suited to the onion. Lands that slope in any
direction, should never be selected, as great injury is liable to be
done in spring-time, by washing the seed or young roots from their
bed ; therefore fields nearly level should be chosen ; lands abound-

REPORT OF COMMITTEE. G3

ing with coarse gravel are always to be avoided ; reclaimed mead-
ow, with a ligbt coating of sand, freciuently gives quite as good
return in quantity as any soil that can be chosen, although the
quality is sometimes inferior; lands also abounding with stone, are
always troublesome ; it has again and again been noticed, that in
the preparation of the field each year,it apparently requires about as
mucli labor to remove the stone as to perform the rest of the work ;
fields overrun with weeds and troublesome grapes, should not be
taken for onions, as there is no root crop that requires so tender
care in weeding; hence if weeds have already deposited their seeds
from careless or indifferent cultivation, it is far better to postpone the
operation for another season, or until the seeds shall have become
annihilate 1 ; neither will soil so wet that they cannot be worked
in early spring, give a good return of this crop.

The next important work is by the use of the plow ; the depth
should be varied according to circumstances ; usually, however,
quite shallow ; say about four inches, but the finer, the better.
The quantity of manure used and plowed in, should be from nine
to ten cords or even more per acre, and not only made fine and
free from lumps, but well decomposed; after which a coat of wood
ashes or some other fertilizer should be spread upon the surface
and well mixed with the soil; in about three weeks after planting,
the surface should be moved, and continued to be moved once in
eight or ten days, and during the season, another light dressing of
some fertilizer applied and worked into the soil, that the rains and
dews by this treatment will much facilitate the growth of the crop;
therefore, the great secret of growing onions is found in preparing
the soil at the outset and by having a clean culture afterwards;
one hour's work just at the time the weeds are ready to star*:, is of
more value than a day's labor after they have gained a strong foot-
hold.

The onion, unlike most other root crops, may be grown on the
same soil for a series of years, without any diminution of quantity
or quality, provided the field be kept under a clean cultivation and
fine tilth. The writer has known of an onion bed to grow this
crop for twenty years, and the last crop equal to the first.

Although six hundred bushels is considered only a medium
crop while eight or ten hundred is considered a large one, we
would say to the young man, be not deluded in becoming rich at
once by growing onions. Yet we believe, with having a suitable

64 REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

soil, patient and honest industry and near a good market, probably
no crop for a series of year will pay better ; but the application of
manure, keeping the ground in good tilth and the non-cultivation
of weeds must not be lost sight of.

CABBAGE.

Fifty years ago and even since that time it was supposed that
the only place for cabbage to make anything like a respectable
growth was in very low, deep soils ; consequently the lowest
part of the farm was selected for the cabbage yard. This was
all very well as this crop generally does well on such soils ; such
Icca ities receiving the wash from the neighboring lands, the soil
would be richer than elsewhere ; and as the cabbage delights to
work in a rich, friable scil, this was a wise selection.

It is now generally conceded that any good corn land is also
good soil for the cabbage, provided it be well mamu-ed \ reclaimed
meadow and swamp lands are also excellent soil for this crop when
the water level is kept at a proper distance frcm the surface ; say
from twenty to twenty-five inches. Within a few years we have wit-
nessed as good fields with as solid and compact heads, as on any
soil mentioned.

The cabbage, unlike the ciiion, generally requires a strong,
heavy soil, and good animal manure, — any animal except the
hog ; if this be used, especially on wet soil, stump-foot generally
follows, and this is death to the crop. If five or six cords of ma-
nure only, are to be used, it is far better to apply the whole to
half an acre, not only for the sake of saving a large amount of
labor, but for the purpose of securing a better return, and leaving
the field in better condi.ion for the next year's crop; it is the last
twelfth cord to the acre that gives the hard head and the heavy
crop ; but with half manure, we may expect loose, spongy heads,
and a light return.

From what we learn about growing this crop, it appears that
with a dee]) surface soil resting upon a clayey bottom, with a liberal
supply of barn manure and fertilizers, any f:irmer need not de-
mur or stand in fear of over-stocking the market or selling at
a losing price, as almost all farmers have or may have a home
market, by feeding them to stock; twenty tons per acre is not
a heavy crop.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE. 65

ROOT CROPS GENERALLY.

A dfj soil is essential for the root crops, yet ?noisfnre is ben-
eficial to all, and is indeed indispensable to their growth ; but
wet is detrimental to all root crops.

A rich soil is necessary to grow good crops and particularly
the root crops, as nourishing and abundant food is for fattening
stock. It is well known that poor pasturage and coarse forage may
keep, yet it will not fallen stock ; it is equally true that, ahhough
field crops will live and grow upon poor soil, the product will be
still greater in a rich one.

Last, but not least, a good after-culture is indispensable. This
consists in keeping the surface constantly moved, killing weeds
and thinning the plants ; although the soil may be dry and rich,
and deep and well pulverized, yet the labors of the owner will not
avail much if he neglects to keep the field clean from weeds.
Crowding too many plants into a certain space is like overstocking
a pasture, or making beef from half-feed, therefore a moderate
number of plants will give much better profit than a large number
upon the same soil " crowded and huddled together." This is a
hard lesson for farmers generally to learn ; still it must be learned
or ill success will follow.

Finally in the cultivation of root crops, -we have to say to the
young man who intends to make root growing a specialty, be not
deceived by those who may tell you that a thin, dry, hungry soil
" will do about as well as any" provided you will cultivate and
manure it. You may as well expect fertile ideas from a shallow
brain by being educated with Latin and Greek ; but be satisfied
with nothing short of a well drained friable soil.

It is plain that agriculture has not kept pace in improvements
with other pursuits and doubtless from the fact that our young men
for the last quarter of a century, have been nurtured and taught in
the principle that tilling the soil is low and degrading, instead of
being healthy, and honorable and independent ; but as agriculture
loses the services of our young men, and as our fields become de-
serted for other employments, it is in effect striking out of existence
the spring season or having it forget to blossom ; but what is want-
ed of our young men, is that they should accumulate facts that
shall enlarge the mind and increase the understanding, by bringing
into operation those hidden elements of mental perception and

66 EEPORT OF COMMITTEE.

concentration ; furthermore, it is not enough, that we simply col-
lect facts and lay down rules, that we arrive at just conclusions,
unless our observations are of the right kind and made in the right
way. If they are not exact and accurate, and conducted and re-
ported so as to admit of proper arrangement and comparison, they
are of litde value, and may lead to false and mistaken views.

As an illustration. Farmer Jones, who has gained a knowledge
by careful study and observation, of the composition of soils iti his
fields, and by knowing what elements are wanting for particular
crops, — having also acquired a knowledge to some extent of ferti-
lizers, and those best adapted to the soil and the intended crop, re-
ports to the Farmers' Club, or to the Agricultural Society of which
he is a member, a complete success. Upon the receipt of this
report, Farmer Smith, or somebody else, with a view of carrying off
the palm by obtaining a higher premium, "starts off" with having
a very limited knowledge of the elements in the soil, and still less
of special manures, perhaps uses two or three times the quantity
used by his neighbor, and applies it in a different way, contrary to
all theory or common sense, and instead of the experiment being
like that of his neighbor, a success, the operation is a complete
failure.

Hence, the difference in the two farmers, the one having some
knowledge of the composition of soils, and knowing just how to
apply manures and fertilizers, has made at least one movement
towards " successful farming," while the other, havmg only a
vague knowledge, or no knowledge at all of either, has made a
similar step in the opposite direction ; and thus it is that farmers
have yet much to learn as to the nature of soils, the value of ma-
nures and fertilizers, and the way in which they should be applied
to different soils and to the intended crops.

In closing, we have simply to say, that we consider our com-
mon and High schools defective, inasmuch that they teach com-
paratively nothing of the natural sciences, which are the basis of
sound practical knowledge of things ; and this is what every farmer,
be it as it may, with others, can't afford to be without. Teach our
children as much mathematics as we will, and in as many languages
as we please, but not until we have given them a we'l grounded
view of those sciences which they are to practice in after life.

Ephraim Graham, Chairman.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS

FOR THE

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION,

TO BE HELD AT FITCHBURG,
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29th, 1874.

No person will be allowed to become a competitor for any of
the Premiums herein offered, unless he shall have made an entry
for the same, with the Secretaiy, within the time prescribed for each
class, nor unless he shall have furnished all required statements re-
lating thereto, within the specified time.

For the convenience of those who live at a distance, entries
may be made by mail ; and all entries so made must be delivered
at some post-office one day previous to the expiration of the time
specified, and must bear proof of having been so delivered, either
by postmark, or a certificate of registry from the postmaster.

^^ Communications for the Secretary should be sent to Fitch-
burg.

STOCK.

All entries for premiums under this head, must be made on or
before the Friday previous to the Show, except Horses and Poul-
try, which may be as late as the Monday previous.

All persons who are required to furnish a statement, must do so
to the Secretary, at the time of making the entry, and he shall post
copies on the day of exhibition.

All live stock must be owned by the person entering the same.

Each entry of stock for the pens must specify the breed' of the
animal, if known, and the age.

68 PREMIUMS.

Fat cattle and working cattle must be weighed on the scales on
the grounds of the Society, and a certificate furnished the Secre-
tary.

The weight of all other stock will not be required.

All stock, except oxen shown only in Town Teams, taken from
the grounds before 4 o'clock p. m. on Tuesday, without permission
of the President, shall forfeit all premiums that may have been
awarded to it.

The committees on Neat Stock, Sheep, Swine and Poultry,
and on the Trials of Working Oxen, shall make their awards pre-
vious to 3 o'clock p. M. on Tuesday. They shall designate the
premiums immediately with printed ribbons or cards, blue for first,
red for second, and white for third, and shall make their reports to
the Secretary previous to 12 o'clock m. on Wednesday.

The Society will provide good hay for all Stock entered for
premium or exhibition during the time of the Show, and will fur-
nish grain at cost, to all who may require it.

Hereafter, the best animals exhibited shall be entitled to the
premiums, without regard to former awards.

Committee in charge of Grounds. — D. C. Miles, Westminster ;
J. M. Savviell, Joseph Gushing, Fitchburg.

Committee on Pedigrees. — E. T. Miks, Joel Page, Fitchburg;
Augustus Whitman, Leominster.

Committee o?t Animals for Exhibition^ unth authority to recom-
mend gratuities. — Ephraim Graham, of Lunenburg.

Committee on Forage. — A. P. Goodridge, Fitchburg.

Committee on Finance. — D. C. Miles, Westminster.

THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

Committee. — Rufus Woodward,Worcester; E. Lewis Sturtevant,
So. Frammgham; O. B. H.idvven, Worcester; Merrick Wallace,
Ashburnham; Estabrook Moore, Leominster; Edwin D. Works,
Fitchburg ; Ezra Sawyer, Sterling.

PREMIUMS. 69

SHORTHORNS, AYRSHIRES, JERSEYS, DEVONS, OR OTHER
THOKOUGH-BKED STOCK.

Herds consisting of one bull and not less than four females, all one
year old and upwards, and owned by the competitor for four
months preceding the show. Two premiums : $6, 4.

BULLS.

Two years old and upwards. Two premiums: $5, 3.
One year old and under two. Two premiums : $4, 2.
Calves (under one year). Two premiums : $4, 2.

COWS.

Four years old and upwards. Two premiums : $3, 2.

Three years old and under four. Two premiums : $2.50, 1.50.

Two years old and under three. Two premiums : $2, i.

$1.50,
I.

1 wo years 01a ana unaer inree. 1 wo premmms :
One year old and under two. Two premiums : $1
Calves (under one year). Two premiums: $1.50

Competitors may make such statements to the Committee as
they please, all of which shall be considered.

STOCK NOT THOROUGH-BRED.

Thorough-bred Stock may compete in the following classes, but
shall have no advantage on account of blood or pedigree.

MILCH KINE.

Committee. — Alden Derby, Leominster; Joel Page, Fitchburg;
Josiah Puffer, Ayer.

Herds of four cows or heifers, each. Two premiums : $5, 3.50.

The committee will regard age, expense of keeping, &c.

Cows for butter. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.

Heifers, three years old, for butter. Two premiums: $2.50, 2.

Heifers, two years old, for butter. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.

10 PREMIUMS.

Cows, for milk. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.

Heifers, three years old, for milk. Two premiums: $2.50, 2.

Heifers, two years old, for milk. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.

Competitors may make such statements to the Committee as
they please, all of which shall be considered.

HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES.

Committee. — Franklin Nourse, Sterling; Silas Hosmer, Fitch-
burg; George Grout, Leominster.

Intended to be kept for the Dairy.

Two years old. Two premiums: $2,1.50.
Yearlings. Two premiums: $1.50, i.

Calves more than four months old. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.
Calves more than four months old, raised by hand. Two premi-
ums : $2, 1.50.

Persons exhibiting calves raised by hand, shall furnish state-
ments to the Secretary, of the manner oi raising.

YEARLING STEERS, STEER CALVES AND PENS OF

CALVES.

Committee. — Edward Bacon, Westminster ; Henry Wood,
Leominster; Charles Hastings, Lunenburg.

Yearlings, Two premiums: $1.50,1.

Trained Yearlings. Two premiums: $1.50,1.

Calves. Two premiums : $3, 2.

Calves raised by hand. Two premiums : $3, 2.

Trained Calves. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.

Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums: $1.50, i.

Best pen of Calves, not less than four. Two premiums : $5, 2,50.

Persons exhibiting Calves raised by hand, shall furnish a state-
ment to the Secretary, of the manner of raising.

Calves entered in Pens of Calves cannot compete for premiums
as single animals.

PREMIUMS. 71

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

"^ Coniuiiitec. — Daniel Putnam, Lunenburg; C. C. Boyden,
Leominster; Silas Pratt, Fitchburg.

Working Oxen. Two premiums: $5, 3.
Best Minor Teamsters. Two premiiims : $2.50,1.50.
Sheers, three years old. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.
Best Mir or Teamster. Two premiums : $2,1.
Two years old. Two premiums: $2,1.50.
Trained two years old. Two premiums : $2,1.
Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums : $1.50,1.

The Working Oxen will be tried attached to loads weighing,
including the cart, one-third more than themselves.

The three years old steers will be attached to carts and tried
like the oxen on the same gromid ; the cart and load to equal the
steers in weight.

FAT CATTLE.

Conunittce, — John Lowe, Fitchburg; E. R. Carter, Westmin-
ster; Cephas Derby, Leominster.

Best Fat Ox. Two premiums: $4,2.50.

Best Fat Cow. Two premiums: $3,1.50.

Best Fat Steer or Heifer. Two premiums : $3, 2.

All competitors with fat cattle, must furnish a statement to the
Secretary, of the mode and expense of feeding.

SWINE.

Committee. — Natt Cowdin, Fitchburg ; E. P. Thompson,
Leominster; Kendall Porter, Lunenburg.

Must be entered like other stock.

Boars more than one year old. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.

Less than o le year old. Two premiums: $1.50, i.

Best Fat Hogs, having regard to age. Two premiums : $4, 2.

Fat Pigs less than eight months old. Two premium.s : $2,1.

Breeding Sows. Two premiums : $4, 2.

Weaned Pigs, not less than four. Two premiums : $2, i.

72 LIFE MEMBERS.

All Swine, and each litter of Pigs, will be allowed fifteen cents
mileage for each mile more than two, that they are brought.

POULTRY.

Comtnittee. — W. A. Carleton, Ephraim Whitman, Fitchburg; M.
W. Wallis, Ashburnham.

Must be entered like other stock.

Barn-yard fowls, not less than a trio.

Brahmas. Two premiums : $i, .50.

Black Spanish. Two premiums: $1, .50.

White Leghorns. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Any other breed. Two premiums: $1, .50.

Turkeys, not less than a trio. Two premiums: $1.50, i.

Geese, not less than a trio. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Ducks, not less than a trio. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

TOWN TEAMS.

Ccfnmittee. — Solon Carter, Leominster; Reuben Vose, Win-
chendoii ; Abel Marshall, Fitchburg.

Best Town Teams, not less than fifteen yoke from any one town.
Two premiums: $15,10.
These teams may consist of either oxen or steers, or both.

HORSES.

Entries for all horses where entrance fee is required to be paid,
must be made before 9 o'clock A. M. of the day on which they
are exhibited.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVLNG HORSES— SINGLE.

Committee. — Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham ; S. W. A. Stevens,
So. Gardner; Cephas Derby, Leominster.
Gentlemen's Driving Horses. Four premiums ; $6, 4, 3, 2.

Entrance fee, $1.

Speed considered, but not to govern.

PREMIUMS. 7^

In the trial of horses in this class, they shall make a standing
start from the Judges' stand.

MATCHED DRIVING AND FAMILY HORSES.

Committee. — John F. Brown, Lunenburg ; A. L. Burditt,
Leominster ; F. W. Wright, Ashby.
Matched Driving Horses. Four premiums : $6, 4, 3, 2.
Family Horses — Single. P'our premiums : $6, 4, 3^ 2.

Entrance fee, $1.

COLTS.

Committee. — Charles H. Brown, Ashby ; Wm. L. Brown,
Lunenburg ; Joel Hayward, Ashby.

Stallions, three years old. Two premiums : $5, 2.50.

Geldings, three years old. Two premiums: $5, 2.50.

Fillies, three years old. Two premiums: $5, 2.50.

Stallions or Geldings, two years old. Two premiums : $3, 1.50.

Fillies, two years old. Two premiums: $3, 1.50.

Yearling Colts. Two premiums : $2.50,1.50.

STALLIONS, MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

Committee. — Warren Simonds, Baldwinsville ; Antipas Maynard,
Ashburnham ; Francis Buttrick, Fitchburg.

Best Stallions for general use, four years old and upwards. Two

premiums : $10, 5.
Breeding Mares. Two premiums : $4, 2.50.
Colts less than one year old. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.

The Mares must be four years old and upwards, and accom-
panied by their Colts.

No premium shall be awarded to a mare known to be unsound.

CROPS.

All entries for premiums in this department must be made with
the Secretary, on or before June 15th, with the exception of Eng-

74 PREMIUMS.

lish turnips and cabbages, which must be entered on or before
August 15. Immediately after these dates, the Secretary will trans-
mit to all competitors a blank form, adopted by the Trustees, to
correspond with the requirements of the Board of Agriculture.

GRAIN.

Committee. — Cyrus Kilbum, Lunenburg ; Abel Marshall, Fitch-
burg; Caleb S. Merriam, Westminster.

The committee may award gratuities for valuable new varieties
of grain.

For the most profitable crops of corn, wheat, rye, barley and
oats, one acre each ; of cabbages, beans and flax, one-eight acre
each; the product of corn to be not less than 4,320 lbs. on the
cob ; that of wheat, rye, barley and oats, not less than 1,000 lbs.
of grain each :

Corn. Two premiums : $5,4.
Wheat. Two premiums : $5, 4.
Rye. Two premiums : $2, i.
Barley. Two premiums : $2, i.
Oats. Two premiums : $2, i.
Field Beans. Two premiums: $1, .50.

Samples must be exhibited at the Fair.

ROOT CROPS AND CABBAGES.

Comfnittee. — A. B. Holden, Westminster ; Whiting Gates,
Leominster; Joseph Whitney, Sterling.

For the most profitable crops of potatoes, one-fourth acre each;
of carrots, onions, beets and turnips, one-eight acre each :

Potatoes, not less than 3,000 lbs. Two premiums : $4, 2.50.
Carrots, not less than 5,500 lbs. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.
Onions, not less than 2,000 lbs. Two premiums: $1.50, i.
Sugar Beets. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Mangle Wurzel. Two premiums: $1, .50.
English Turnips. Two premiums : $1.50,1.
Turnips of any other variety. Two premiums : $1.50, i.
Cabbages. Two premiums: $1, .50.

PREMIUMS. 75

FARMS.

Committee. — Geo. S. Houghton, Fitchburg; C. C. Boyden,
Leominster; Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham.

All entries must be made at least one week before commencing
the experiments.

Best managed and cultivated Farm, to be awarded and paid
in 1874. Two premiums : $50, 25.

Entries must be made on or before May ist, 1873.

EXHIBITION AT THE HALL.

No article intended for the Hall will be entitled to a premium
unless it shall have been deposited by 2 o'clock P. M., on Mon-
day.

All articles should be plainly marked with the name and resi-
dence of the exhibitor, except samples of Bread and Butter, which
must be designated by numbers. A strict compliance with these
regulations will be absolutely necessary to entitle competitors to
any premiums that may be awarded to them.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

Comfjiittee. — Jabez Fisher, George Jewett, Fitchburg ; Porter
Piper, Leominster.

APPLES.

Twelve varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $3, 2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $1.50,1.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Baldwins. Two pre-
miums : $1, .50.
Hubbardston Nonesuch. Two premiums : $1, .50.
R. I. Greenings. Two premiums: $1, .50.
Roxbury Russets. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Gravensteins. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Palmer Greenings. Two premiums: $1, .50.

76 PREMIUMS.

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in more
than one of the above classes, with the same specimens of fruit ;
and if the number of specimens exhibited does not correspond
with these regulations, the fruit will be excluded from competition
for the premiums.

PEACHES.

Best collection. One premium : $3.

Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums : $2, i.

PLUMS.

Best collection. One premium : $2.
Best plates. Two premiums : $i', .50.

QUINCES.

Best dishes or baskets. Two premiums : $1, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the
disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

PEARS AND GRAPES.

Committee. — Rodney Wallace, Fitchburg; Ohio Whitney, Ash-
burnham; Estabrook Moore, Leominster.

PEARS.

Twelve varieties of twelve specimens each. Two premiums ;

$3, 2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums: $1.50,1
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Bartletts. Two premiums ;

$1, .50.
Seckle. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Flemish Beauty. Two premiums: $1, .50.
Duchess. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Louise Bonne de Jersey. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Lawrence. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Beurre d'Anjou. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Sheldon. Two premiums : $1, .50.

PREMIUMS. 77

GRAPES.

Best displays of varieties of Native Grapes. Two premiums : $5, 3.
Best six clusters Concord. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Best six clusters Delaware. Two premiums : $1, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the
disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in more
than one of the above classes, with the same specimens of fruit ;
and if the number of specimens exhibited does not correspond with
these regulations, the fruit will be excluded from competition for
the premiums.

ASSORTED FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

Connnittee.—yix^. J. F. D, Garfield, Mrs. Stephen Shepley, Fitch-
burg; Mrs. M. T. Gardner, Shirley Village.

ASSORTED FRUITS.
Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums : $2, i.

PLANTS IN POTS.
Best displays of named Plants in Pots. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best three named Plants in Pots. Two premiums : $2, i.

CUT FLOWERS.
Best displays of Cut Flowers. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best five named Asters. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best five named Dahlias. Two premiums: $2, i.
Best five named Verbenas. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best pair of Parlor Bouquets. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best pair of Hand Bouquets. Two premiums: $2, i.

The same plants in pots cannot compete for both the best dis-
play and the best three; nor can the same Asters, Dahlias, or Ver-
benas, compete for the best display and the best five.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the
disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

78 PREMIUMS.

VEGETABLES.

Committee. — Martin Johnson, Lunenburg ; Lawrin Pratt, Fitch-
burg ; Amos B. Holden, Westminster.

Best collections Kitchen Vegetables. Two premiums : $4, 3.

Collections of Potatoes. Two premiums : $2, i.

Marrow Squashes. Two premiums: $1, .50.

Hubbard Squashes. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Crookneck Squashes. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Pumpkins. Two premiums: .75, .50.

Cabbages. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Cauliflowers. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Celery. Two premiums: .75,-50.

Onions. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Turnip Beets. Two premiums: .75, .50.

English Turnips. Two premiums: .50, .25.

Tomatoes. Two premiums: .50, .25.

Field Beans. Two premiums: .50, .25.

Lima Beans. Two premiums: .50, .25.

Seed Corn, in traces. Two premiums: $1, .75.

The committee "will regard perfection of growth and quality,
and not size.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed, for gratuities,
ten dollars.

Of squashes, pumpkins, cabbages and celery, there should be
six specimens in each lot ; of cauliflowers, three ; of onions, beets,
turnips and tomatoes, one peck in each lot ; of field beans, one-
half peck ; and of Lima beans, two quarts.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, PRESERVES
AND JELLIES.

Comjnitfee. — Mrs. Leonard Downe, Mrs. Thomas Palmer,
Fitchburg ; Mrs. Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg.

Bread made by the exhibitor.

PREMIUMS. 79

White Bread. Three premiums: $2, i, .50.
Unbolted Wheat Bread. Three premiums: $2, i, .50.
Bolted Rye Bread. Three premiums: $2, i, .50.
Rye and Indian Bread. Three premiums : $2, i, .50.

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

Lump Butter, not less than 12 lbs. Two premiums: $4, 3.
June Tub Butter, not less than 25 lbs. Two premiums: $3, 2.
Sept. " ♦' " " " " " Two premiums : $3, 2.
Cheese, not less than 50 lbs. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.

PICKLES AND HONEY.

Pickles. Two premiums: $1, .50.

Virgin Honey in the Comb. Three premiums: $2, i, .50.

Canned Fruits, best collections. Two premiums : $2, i.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities,
ten dollars.

Competitors will be required to furnish to the Secretary, a de-
tailed statement in writing, of the process of manufacturing but-
ter, cheese and pickles ; and no others shall be considered.

MACHINERY.

Comitiittee. — D. C. Miles, Westminster; Fr. G. Fessenden,
Stephen Shepley, J. M. Sawtell, Fitchburg.

The above committee are empowered to offer such premiums,
and give such gratuities, as may be thought best.

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

Committee. — Francis A. Whitney, Ashburnham ; John H.
Lockey, Leominster; J. F. Haskins, Fitchburg.

Specimens exhibited must be manufactured by the competitor.

80 PREMIUMS.

For the best specimens of manufactured articles, exclusive of
ladies' home manufacture, actually produced by the exhibitor, there
will be placed at the disposal of the committee, the sum of one
hundred dollars.

For the best exhibition of manufactured articles, not actually
the product of the exhibitor, there will be placed at the disposal of
the committee^ the sum of fifty dollars.

FINE ARTS.

Commitfce. — Miss Myra B. Richardson, Mrs. Joel Page, Miss
Louise M. Haskell, Fitchburg.

Best collections by a Photographic Artist. Two premiums : $2, i.
Oil Paintings. Two premiums: $2, i.
Best Crayon Drawings. Two premiums: $1.50, i,
Pencil Drawings. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Best specimen of Penmanship by a non-professional. One pre-
mium : .50.

In addition there will be placed at the disposal of the commit-
tee, for gratuities, the sum of ten dollars.

Specimens exhibited must be actually executed by the com-
petitor.

FANCY ARTICLES.

Committee. — Mrs. Jabez Fisher, Mrs. E. T. Miles, Mrs. L. H.
Bradford, Fitchburg.

For the best specimens of Ladies' Useful and Fancy Articles of
their own manufacture, including specimens of nice mending and
darning, there will be placed at the disposal of the committee, the
sum of thirty dollars. *

PREMIUMS. 8 1

COMMITTEES' REPORTS.

Co))un!ti(r. — The President, Vice Presidents and Secretary.

P'or the purpose of inducing the chairmen of the several com-
mittees to take upon themselves more labor and care in elaborat-
ing their reports, the following premiums will be paid: $io, 6, 4.

Detailed reports in connection with awards (except on Grain
and Root Crops), must ])e delivered to the Secretary on or before
November ist.

PROSPECTIVE EXPERIMENTS.

FOREST TREES.

Committee. — W. B. Hosmer, George Merriam, Leominster; J.
P. Putnam, Fitchburg.

P'or the best plantation of any kind of Forest Trees, suitable for
fuel. or timber, raised from the seed, not less than five hundred in
number, which shall be in the most flourishing condition in the
fall of 1876. Two premiums: $15, 10.

Entries must be made on or before the first day of June.

TROUT.

Com7iiittee. — Jabez Fisher, L. H. Bradford, Fitchburg; M. T.
Gardner, Shirley.

For the most successful Experiments in the artificial propagation
of Trout, entries to be made on or before June ist, 1872;
premiums to be awarded in 1874. Two premiums : $25, 10.

COMMITTEE OF AEKANGEMENTS.

D. C. MILES, Westminster.
J. M. SAWTELL, Fitchburg.
JOSEPH COZZENS, Leominster.
FR. G. FESSENDEN, Fitchburg
F. F. WOODWARD, Fitchburg.

RULES

All teams entered for draught must be owned by the person
entering the same.

Any person competing for a premium, who shall serve on the
committee having charge of the department in which he competes,
shall retire from the committee while his own competition is in
(question.

The several committees will not consider themselves bound by
the terms of the above offers, to award a premium for anything
which they shall deem inferior.

Any person to whom a premium shall have been awarded, in
consequence of any deception or misrepresentation used by him,
shall not only forfeit such premium, but afterward be incapable of
competing for the Society's premiums.

All persons, not members of the Society, to whom may be
awarded a premium, or premiums, amounting to five dollars or up-
ward, shall receive a certificate of membership for five dollars,
and the balance in cash. If the amount shall be less than five
dollars, a deduction of fifty per cent, will be made, unless the indi-
vidual chooses to make the amount up to that sum, and receive a
certificate of membership.

All premiums not demanded on or before November 30th,
will revert to the Society.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOE 1874.

Elected at the Annual Meeting, December 4th, 1873.

D. C. MILES, of Westminster, President.

J. M. SAWTELL, of Fitchburg, ) Presidents

JOSEPH COZZENS, of Leominster, ] ^'^^ ^residents.

FR. G. FESSENDEN, of Fitchburg, Sec'y and Treasurer.

TRUSTEES.

O. Whitney, Ashburnham.
Joel. Hayward, Ashby.
Cecil F. Hayward, Ashby.
S. W. A. Stevens, Gardner.
S. F. Whitney, Harvard.
W. B. Hosmer, Leominster.

C. C. Boyden, "
F. W. Whitney, "
Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg.
J. F. Brown, "
Alfred Whiting, Oakdale.
J. E. Merriam, Princeton.
A. Stockwell, Royalston.

J. O. Parker, Shirley.
F. NouRSE, Sterling.
W. Simonds, Templeton.

D. C. Miles, Westminster.
Edward Bacon, Westminster.

Reuben Vose, Winchendon.

Joseph Gushing, Fitchburg.

Jabez Fisher, "

Abel Marshall, "

Joel Page, "

Lyman Patch, "

E. T. Miles,

Wm. Woodbury, "

Chas. Brigham, "

E. D. Works,

John F. Haskins, "

E. P. Monroe, "
Chas. Fessenden, "
J. Q. Wright,

L. Aldrich, "

Stephen Shepley, "

F. F. Woodward, "

E. T. MILES, of Fitchburg, elected Member oj the State Board
of Agriculture^ December 6th, 1871, for three years.

TR^N"S^CTIONS

OF THE

WORCESTER NORTH

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

FOR 1874,

TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS FOR 1875.

FITCHBURG:

PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF HENRY F. PIPER,
1874.

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

The twenty-second annual exhibition was- held on the grounds
of the Society on Tuesday, September 29th.

The weather was all that the oldest attendant had a right,
founded upon long experience, to expect, being cold, rainy and
disagreeable to the last degree. It is to be regretted that when
the General Court in itS' wisdom fixed the day of holding the an-
nual show it should have neglected to settle the weather also.

The exercises were in accordance with established custom,
first in order being the trials of working oxen and steers at 9^^
o'clock A. M., followed by exhibitions of gentlemen's driving
horses, family matched horses and town teams, which occupied
the forenoon.

Dinner was served at 12^ o'clock P. M., Rev. W. W. Colburn,
invoking the Divine blessing. After a prolonged and successful
attack upon the good things abundantly provided by Mr. F. W.
Aldrich, President D. C. Miles called the assembly to order and
a quartette composed of Messrs. W. W. Clark, John Mather, S.
A. Wheeler, Jr., and E. D. Hewins, furnished abundant evidence
that excellent singing is the natural dessert of a good dinner. The
President spoke briefly upon the importance of Agricultural ex-
hibitions ; Mr. Geo. M. Baker of Mansfield, delegate from the
State Board of Agriculture, expressed himself as highly pleased
with the Fair and prepared to report favorably of everything ex-
cept the weather; Col. Ivers Phillips of Worcester, the first
president of the society, Mr. D. J. Tucker of California, Rev.
W. W. Colburn and George Trask of Fitchburg, and others, made
very interesting addresses.

4 SECRETAEY'S REPORT.

The show of neat stock was remarkably fine. The herds of
A. & E. Whitman's Short-horns, Capt. E. T. Miles' Ayrshires, J.
F. Brown's and Alden Derby's Jerseys and Stillman Stone's
Jamestowns, presented an exhibition of Thorough-bred stock sel-
dom equalled at cattle shows. The display of working oxen and
fat cattle was good, and that of poultry has never been excelled
at any previous exhibition of the Society. Entries of horses were
very numerous.

In the hall the show was about the average. There was a
smaller quantity of fruit but the quality was fully up to the
usual standard. The display of flowers by Mr. J. M. Sawtell
was very fine and the contributions of last year by Mr. Sylvan us
Sawyer were missed.

The department of fancy articles and fine arts was well
filled and of the usual variety while that of mechanics was
empty.

Great credit is due to Capt. E. T. Hayward and his efficient
aids for their services in preserving order throughout the day.

At 2 o'clock P. M., notwithstanding the chilly, uncomfortable
weather and drizzling rain, wliicli rendered the track heavy, and
greatly reduced the number of visitors, there was a very successful
exhibition of trotting horses, for premiums offered by the Society.

Two years ago, this branch of the exhibition was discontinued,
on the ground of "reform," and because the " 'Agricultural Horse
Trot ' was losing favor among the Agricultural Societies of New
England." As in most reforms, attention was wholly given to
effects, while causes were neglected ; the reformers' one idea sub-
stituted for human experience and average common sense, and the
result was a depleted treasury, and an increased demand for horse
trots, while, instead of " losing favor," no Agricultural Society in
New England has been without its horse trot the present season,
and still the standard of morals is believed to be as high as ever.

The experience of this year, proves the statement of the sec-
retary of a year ago, that one or two men cannot make a Fair.
The citizens of Fitchburg, in particular, must either show more
interest in the well-being of the Society, or else be prepared to
see it go where all good Agricultural Societies go — to some town
whose people manifest a desire to promote the growth and devel-
opment of agriculture and kindred pursuits, and whose merchants
and manufacturers are willing to devote a part of one day in the

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 5

year, to the interests of the Society, instead of staying at home, to
" growl," because the Society chooses to hold its exhibition where
it has room and conveniences for so doing, rather than to build its
pens and barns in the business streets of a crowded city. It rests
with Fitchburg, whether this Society continues with its citizens, or
falls into more hospitable hands.

Edw. B. Sawtell, Secretary.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

The committee award the following premiums :

SHORTHORNS— HERDS.
A. & E. Whitman, ist premium, $6 oo

BULLS, TWO YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

A.

, & E,

, Whitman, ist prem.,
" 2d prem.,

ONE YEAR OLD AND UNDER TWO.

$5 OO
3 OO

A.

&E.

u

Whitman, ist prem.,
" 2d prem.,

COWS, FOUR YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

$4 OO

2 OO

A.

&E.

Whitman, ist prem.,
" 2d prem.,

THREE YEARS OLD AND UNDER FOUR.

$3 OO

2 OO

A.

&E.

Whitman, ist prem.,
" 2d prem.,

TWO YEARS OLD AND UNDER THREE.

$2 50
I 50

A.

& E.

a

Whitman, ist prem.,
" 2d prem.,

$2 00
I 00

6 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

ONE YEAR OLD AND UNDER TWO.

A. & E. Whitman, ist prem., $i 50

2d prem., i 00

(( ii

CALVES (UNDER ONE YEAR).
A. & E. Whitman, ist prem., $1 50

JERSEYS -HERDS.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., $6 00

Alden Derby, 2d prem., 4 00

BULLS, TWO YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

Alden Derby, ist prem., . $5 00

ONE YEAR OLD AND UNDER TWO.

J. F. Brown, ist prem.,
Alden Derby, 2d prem..

$4 00
2 00

COWS, FOUR YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

J. F. Brown, ist prem.,
Alden Derby, 2d prem..

$3 00
2 00

TWO YEARS OLD AND UNDER THREE.

J. F. Brown,

$2 00

ONE YEAR OLD AND UNDER TWO.

J. F. Brown, ist prem.,
2d "

$1 50
i 00

CALVES, UNDER ONE YEAR.

J. F. Brown, ist prem.,

$1 50

" 2d prem..

I 00

The committee regret that the herd of Capt. E. T. Miles was
not entered for premiums. His splendid Ayrshires never looked
better, and he deserves the thanks of the Society for adding his
stock to the exhibition.

E. D. Works, Aaing Chairman.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 7

Statement of Aldeji Derby.
One of the herd entered for premium by me, is one-half Devon
and one-half Jersey ; has a calf four weeks and two days old the
25th day of September instant, and sold on that day for ten
dollars. Milked from one to two quarts of milk twice a day after
the calf was done.

STOCK NOT THOROUGH-BRED— MILCH KINE.
The committee award the following premiums :

BEST HERD— COWS FOR BUTTER.

Stillman Stone, ist premium, $5 00

SINGLE COW FOR BUTTER.
Edwin Richardson, ist prem., $2 50

SINGLE COW FOR MILK.

Edwin Richardson, ist prem., $250

HEIFERS, THREE YEARS- OLD, FOR MILK.

Edwin Richardson, ist prem., $2 50

HEIFERS, TWO YEARS OLD, FOR MILK.

Franklin Nourse, ist prem., $2 00

For the Committee^ Alden Derby.

Statement of Stillman Stone.
Herd of four cows entered for butter. Breed, Jamestown :

No. I, 8 years. Calved, Sept., 1873 ) Last week in Feb.,
" 2, 8 " " Dec. 25, " f 17 pounds butter.

" 3, 5 " " March 1874.

" 5, 5 " " March 1874.

The last week in March, 31 pounds butter.

" April, 32

" " May, 2>2> " "

The first week in June, 33 " "

« « « (( 27 <' '^

(C u a « 2C '^ ''

ti U (( <( .M « <<

8 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

No. I, calves again, Nov. 29th.
" 2, " " Dec. 6th.

" 3, " " Jan. 1 8th.

" 4, " " Feb. 1 8th.

Feed from time of calving to June loth, hay and 2 quarts
corn meal 4 quarts shorts daily, since then pasture ; commenced
feeding sweet corn fodder Aug. ist, and rowen Sept. ist; No. 2 is
dry, No. i gives 4 quarts milk daily.

HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES.

YEARLINGS.

Edwin Richardson, ist premium, $1 50

Stephen Shepley, 2d prem., i 00

For the Committee^ Franklin Nourse.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

WORKING OXEN.

00

N. B. Reed, ist premium, $5

Joseph Gushing, 2d prem., ' 3 00

STEERS, THREE YEARS OLD.

N. B. Reed, ist prem., * $2 50

STEERS, TWO YEARS OLD.

N. B. Reed, ist prem., $2 00

George Woods, 2d prem., i 50

TRAINED' STEERS, TWO YEARS OLD.

N. B. Reed, ist prem., $2 00

For the Co?nmittee, C. C. Boyden.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 9

FAT CATTLE.

The committee report :

OXEN.

Joseph Gushing, ist premium, $4 oo

" 2d prem., 2 50

John Lowe.

SWINE.

BOARS, LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD.

Lyman Nichols, ist prem., $1 50

" boar pig, gratuity, 2 00

For the Committee, Natt Cowdin.

POULTRY.

BRAHMAS.

E. Whitman, ist premium,
J. A. Marshall, 2d "

WHITE LEGHORNS.

J. E. Putnam, ist prem.,
J. A. Marshall, 2d "

PARTRIDGE COCHINS.

Geo. T. Younglove, ist prem.,
« (( 2d ''

DOMINIQUES.
W. A. Garleton, ist prem.,

CREVE COEURS.

John Phillips, ist prem.,

S. S. HAMBURGS.
W, S. Putnam, ist prem.,

B. B. RED GAMES.
George T. Younglove, ist prem..

$1

00

so

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

$1

00

$1

00

$1

00

10 EEPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

NATIVES.
T. D. Wood, ist prem., $i oo

GEESE.
T. D. Wood, I St prem., $i oo

DUCKS.

Stephen Shepley, ist prem., $i oo

" " 2d prem., 50

" " gratuity, i 00

W. H. Ross, " 50

DOVES.

F. M. Lowe, gratuity, 50

For the Committee,

W. A. Carleton, Chairman.

TOWN TEAMS.

Town of Leominster, ist premium, $15 00

It is to be regretted that more of our towns do not compete
for the premiums in this class ; or if they do not wish to compete,
let them exhibit their good oxen for the benefit of the spectator.

For flie Committee,

Solon Carter, Chairman.

POTATO RACE.

C. E. Farnum, ist premium, $3 00

John Sullivan, 2d prem., 2 00

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 11

HORSE TROT.

2.55 CLASS.

S. E. Coombs, ist premium, $125 00

C. A. Howland, 2d prem., 75 00

N. T. Dore, 3d prem., 50 00

For the Committee,

Edward B. Sawtell, Chairman.

FOOT RACE.

C. A. Farnum, ist premium, $3 00

D. J. Farnum, 2d prem., 2 00

For the Committee,

S. J. M. Weston, Chairman.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES— SINGLE.

J. H. Marshall, ist premium, $6 00

G. P. Hawkins, 2d prem., 4 00

H. M. Stearns, 3d prem., 3 00

For the Committee,

Ohio Whitney, Chairman.

MATCHED DRIVING HORSES.
John F. Brown, ist premium, $6 00

FAMILY HORSES.

W. S. Wetherbee, ist premium, $6 00

John F. Brown, 2d prem., 4 00

E. C. Peck, 3d prem., 3 00

J, H. Marshall, 4th prem., 2 00

For tJie Committee, F. W. Wright.

12 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

COLTS.

STALLIONS THREE YEARS OLD.

James Hannegan, ist premium,
J. M. Sawtell, 2d prem.,

STALLIONS TWO YEARS OLD.

Joseph Marshall, ist prem.,
Joseph Gushing, 2d prem.,

GELDINGS, THREE YEARS OLD,

Joseph Gushing, ist prem., $5

$s

00

2

5<^

$3

00

I

S^

FILLIES.

THREE YEARS OLD.

Joseph Gushing, 2d premium, $2 50

YEARLINGS.

Joseph Marshall, ist premium, $2 50

Joseph Gushing, 2d prem., i 50

For the Gommittee,

G. H. Brown, Chairtnan,

STALLIONS, MARES AND SUGKING GOLTS.

STALLIONS.

Lyman Patch, ist premium,
Joseph Marshall, 2d prem.,

BREEDING MARES.

Joseph Gushing, ist prem.,
Edward Foley, 2d prem.,

COLTS LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD.

Edward Foley, ist prem.,
Joseph Gushing, 2d prem.,

For the Gommittee,

Warren Simonds, Chairman.

$10

00

5

00

$4

00

2

50

$2

00

I

50

EEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 13

TROUT.
Ohio Whitney, ist premium., $25 00

In the year 1872, the Society offered two premiums for the
most successful experiments in the artificial propagation of trout,
entries to be made on or before June ist, 1872, premiums to be
awarded in 1874.

For this competition we regret that there was but one entry
made, that by Ohio Whitney of Ashburnham. At the time of the
offer of the premiums, there were other parties interested, and it
was hoped that two or three might be rehed on to make entries.
A committee having no knowledge of the subject, except what is
acquired during the examinations, may easily be led astray by the
enthusiasm of a single exhibitor, and hearing but one side of any
disputed point, is likely to arrive at conclusions that would not
stand the test of the more complete information that an earnest
competition would bring out. We feel warranted, however, in
deciding that Mr. Whitney has carried forward a very successful
experiment in the artificial propagation and rearing of trout, much
more so than the unaided fish would be capable of doing, for,
while he has furnished every facility for their natural increase in
the most prolific manner, he has also removed apparently every
impediment to their full and rapid developement; and while by a
careful assorting and separating of the different sized fish, they
are prevented from, exercising their cannibal propensity of eating
one another. He has also refrained from the gustatory enjoyment
that they are so capable of furnishing, on the ground that he
loves his pets too well to think of eating tliem. This policy, if
continued, will soon overrun his ponds and eventually cause a
failure of what appears to us now as a most successful experiment
and one deserving the first premium.

Mr. Whitney takes great pleasure in exhibiting his results, and
in imparting to every one interested, the information which he
has acquired concerning the habits of this beautiful and useful
fish, and the conditions for their most perfect propagation and
developement.

Jabez Fisher, C/iamna?t.

14 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

The committee make the following award :

APPLES.
TWELVE VARIETIES.

C. C. Boyden, ist premium,
Benjamin Derby, 2d prem.,

$3 00
2 00

SIX VARIETIES.

Jabez Fisher, ist prem.,
G. P. Hawkins, 2d prem.,

$2 00

THREE VARIETIES.

H. H. Brigham, ist prem..

$1 50

BALDWINS.
H. H. Brigham, ist prem.,
Thomas Upton, 2d prem.,

liUBBARDSTON NONESUCH.

D. S. Eaton, ist prem.,
Alvah Crocker, 2d prern.,

RHODE ISLAND GREENINGS.

Alvah Crocker, ist prem.,
C. C. Boyden, 2d prem.,

ROXBURY RUSSETTS.

John Page, ist prem.,
C. C. Boyden, 2d prem.,

PALMER GREENINGS.

Benjamin Derby, ist prem.,
C. C. Boyden, 2d prem.,

GRAYENSTEIN.

Edwin Richardson, ist prem.,

Jabez Fisher, 2d prem.,

John Page, gratuity,

G. P. Hawkins, gratuity,

A. S. Dole,

Laurin Pratt, "

J. P. Putnam, "

Thomas Upton, "

Stillman Stone, "

$1

00

50

$1

00

so

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

I

00

I

00

75

75

50

50

50

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 15
PEACHES.

BEST COLLECTION.

Edwin Richardson, ist premium, $3 00

BEST DISHES.

J. M. Twichell, ist prem., $2 00

Wm. Wood, 2d prem., i 00

S. Stone, gratuity, 75

E. T. Miles, " 50

PLUMS.

J. Haskell, ist premium, $1 00

QUINCES.

J. Haskell, ist premium, $1 00

Jabez Fisher, for Connnittee.

PEARS AND GRAPES.
The committee award as follows :
PEARS.
TWELVE VARIETIES.— 12 EACH.

Geo. Jewett, ist premium,
A. Crocker, 2d

$3 00
2 00

SIX VARIETIES— 5 EACH.

j. Fisher, ist prem.,

J. M. Twichel], 2d prem..

$2 00

THREE VARIETIES— 5 EACH.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem.,
H. H. Brigham, 2d prem.,

$1 50
I 00

BARTLETTS-12 SPECIMENS.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem.,
G. B. Knowlton, 2d prem..

$1 00
50

16 REPOKTS OF COMMITTEES

SECKELS.

Geo. Jewett, ist prem.,
Stillman Stone, 2d prem.,

DUCHESS.

H. H. Brigham, ist prem.,
A. Crocker, 2d prem.,

LOUISE BONNE DE JERSEYS.

Benj. Derby, ist prem.,
A. Crocker, 2d prem.,

LAWRENCE.

Loren Pratt, ist prem..

A. Crocker, 2d prem.,

BEURRE D'ANJOU.

H. H. Brigham, ist prem.,
Jabez Fisher, 2d prem..

SHELDON.

Stilhiian Stone, ist prem.,
A. Crocker, 2d prem.,

FLEMISH BEAUTIES.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem,,
G. L. Hitchcock, 2d prem.

GRAPES.
BEST DISPLAY OF NATIVES.

$1

00*

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

$1

00

50

Jabez Fisher, ist premium,
George Jewett, 2d prem..

$5 00
3 00

CONCORD-SIX CLUSTERS.

Jabez Fisher, ist prem.,
E. T. Miles, 2d prem..

$1 00
5P

DELAWARE— SIX CLUSTERS.

E. T. Miles, ist prem.,
Alvah Crocker, 2d prem.,

$1 00
50

Rodney Wallace,

Chamnaft.

REPORTS OF COMMI'lTEES. 17

ASSORTED FRUIT AND FLOWERS.

The committee report as follows :

J. M. Sawtell, ist premium,

" " " " best 3 plants in pots,

CUT FLOWERS.

W. J. Clifford, ist prem.,
B. Safford, 2d prem.,

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., best five named asters, .
ist " " " " dallias,

" *' ist " " " " verbenas,

Mrs. Nancy Snow, ist prem., best pair parlor bouquets,
J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., best pair hand bouquets,
Freddie Cozzens, gratuity, cut flowers,

lt>2

00

2

00

$2

00

I

00

2

GO

2

GO

2

GO

2

GO

2

GG

I

GO

VEGETABLES.

Committee award :

POTATOES.
D. Pratt, ist premium, ^ $1 gg

MARROW SQUASHES.
Z. Pratt, ist prem., $1 gg

HUBBARD SQUASHES.
Z. Pratt, ist prem., $i go

PUMPKINS.
G. H. Stockwell, ist prem., 75

CABBAGES.

Abel Marshall, ist prem., 50

OXIOXS.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., 75
Benjamin Derby, 2d prem., 50

TURNIP BEETS. .

F. Nourse, ist prem., 75

D. Pratt, 2d preiji., 50

18 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

ENGLISH TURNIPS.
J. P. Putnam, ist prem., 50

TOMATOES.
Z. Pratt, I St prem., ^ 50

SEED CORN.

F. Nourse, ist prem., $1 00
W. Wyman, 2d prem., 75

FIELD BEANS.

G. Billings, ist prem., 50

GRATUITIES.

G. Billings, yellow-eyed beans, gratuity, 25

" " seed corn, gratuity, 50

S. Stone, " " " 50

C. Kilburn, " " " 50

25
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
50

I GO
I GO

25

Amos B. Holden.

D.

S.

Rice,

i( U ((

G.

H

. Stockwell, cranberries, grat

uity.

E.
J.

S.
P.

Eaton, turnip beets,
Putnam, "

u

E.
A.

S. Eaton,
Marshall,

turnips, '
French turnips, '
carrots, '

((

a

citrons, '

((

i(

mangel-wurzels, '

u

marble-head squash,
turban, "

gratuity,

E.

S.

Eaton,

carrots, gratuity.

For the Committee

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, &C.
The committee award as follows :

WHITE BREAD.

Mrs. S. M. Pierce, ist premium, $2 00

" 2d prem., i go

UNBOLTED BREAD.
Rebecca Brooks, 3d prem., • 50

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 19

RYE AND INDIAN BREAD.

Mrs. Geo. Billings, ist prem.,
Mrs. J. H. Wilker, 2d prem.,
Miss Ada Harris, 3d prem.,

LUMP BUTTER.

M. Johnson, ist prem.,
Alden Derby, 2d prem.,
Mrs. Levi Kendall, gratuity,

TUB BUTTER.

M. Johnson, ist prem.,

CHEESE.
Mrs. T. D. Wood, ist prem.,

CANNED FRUITS.

Mrs. S. Stone, ist prem.,
N. M. Gibson, 2d prem,,

PICKLES.

Mrs. T. D. Wood, 2d prem., 50

Daniel Pratt, apple jelly, gratuity.
Miss Jennie Marshall, cake, "
Miss Carrie C. Marshall, canned peaches,
Mrs. Nancy Snow, jellies,

HONEY.

L. Burbank, ist prem.
Jeffs, 2d prem..

$2

GO

I

or

50

$4

GO

3

GO

2

00

$3

00

$2

GO

$2

GO

I

00

50

50

50

50

$2

GO

I

GO

For the Co??i7nittee, Mrs. Leonard Downe.

Statement of M. yohnson.

The butter which I enter for your consideration, was made
from the milk of six cows ; milk stood in shallow pans thirty-six
hours ; the cream kept one week ; stirred and salted occasionally ;
use " Prize " churn.

20 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

Statement of Alden Derby.

The butter I offer, is made as follows : Keep Jersey cows ;
milk is cooled soon after milking, them set in deep cans (eight
inches in diameter, twenty inches deep), for the cream to rise and
the cans are placed in water to keep cool, and allowed to stand
from twelve to thirty-six hours, then skim. Use the "Prize" churn
with an altered dasher ; work the butter with a rolling pin, rolling
it on a board like pie crust ; salt worked in the same way, using
amount to suit taste of the consumer.

Statemejit of Mrs. Levi Kendall.

Butter was made from the milk of one Jersey Cow ; milk was
set in common tin pans about thirty-six hours. Cream salted
slightly ; about one ounce salt to the pound ; worked by hand
into pound lumps.

Statement of Mrs. T. D. Wood.

The process of making this new milk cheese is as follows: skim
the night's milk ; warm the milk ; then add the cream to the
warmed milk; when well stirred put the morning's milk to it,
using runnet enough to form the curd ; dip off the whey and when
sufficiently hard cut the curd fine ; salt with the best butter salt,
using a dessert spoonful to a pailful of milk. Press from thirty-six
to forty-eight hours, turning three or four times while pressing,
then remove to a suitable shelf, turned daily, applying butter.

FANCY ARTICLES.

The Committee award the followinix gratuities:

'a to'-

Mrs. E. B. Sawtell, sofa pillow, $ 75

" S. Wood, " " 50

" J. A. Russell, lap robe, 75

" E. B. Sawtell, slipper holder, 37

KEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 21

Mrs. C. H. Carey, towel rack, 37

" H. Batchelder, toilet cushion, 25

" C. A. Corey, mat, watch stand and tidy, i 00

Miss Ella Clark, toilet set, 25

" Hattie Miles, collar box, 50

Mrs. S. G. Frost, moss cottage, i 00

Mrs. S. G. Frost, grasses, 25

Miss Flora Whitcomb, fancy work, hens and chickens, 37

Mrs. L. H. Simonds, tidy, 50

" G, A. Cozzens, tidies, 37

Miss C. E. Marshall, tidies and lamp mat, 75

Mrs. S. Underwood, tidy, 50

" E. C. Hayden, tidy, 25

Miss Lizzie Lamb, tidy, 25

" E. J. Gushing, embroidered handkerchiefs, 50

" H. Batchelder, tidy, 37

Mrs. H. 13. Dickson, rug, toilet mat, etc., 2 00

Miss St. Germain, embroidered night dress, 75

Mrs. Nancy Snow, tidy and cushions, 75

" S. Stone, rug, 75

" S. L. Barber, bed c^uilt, i 00

" A. Gushing, rugs, 50

P. W. Gushing, rug, 50

" F. Gushing, braided mat, 25

Master M. E. Choate, bed quilt, 37

Miss Stella Lowe, toilet cushion, 25

Henry Becker, wax cross, 25

Charlie Becker, collection birds' eggs, 25

Charlie Andrews, " " " 37

F. Clapp, collection insects, 37

Gushing, motto, 25

Mrs. Tottingham, embroidered apron, 25

" L. Ingalls, toilet cushion and mat, 37

H. J. Miles, collection of stamps, 25

Charles Emory, wax flowers, 50

For the Committee, Mrs. L. B. Fisher. '

FINE ARTS.

Miss Ella E. Wright, crayon drawing, $1 50

C. O. Gott, photographs, 2 00

S. V/. Putnam, gratuity, mechanical drawings, 4 00

For the Committee, Myra ]]. Richardson.

22 ANALYSIS OF PKEMIUMS.

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES,

Committee award:

J. F. Chaffin, Agent, two Jewett piano-fortes, ist prem.,

S. W. Parker, piano-fortes, 2d prem.,

C. S. Trask, Wheeler & Wilson sewing machine, ist prem.,

Geo. H. Hayes, Singer sewing machine, 2d prem.,

Dow & Co., stoves,

Geo. B. Knowlton, stoves, tinware, &c.,

S. G. Frost, buggy and express wagon,

Wm. Rice, cider and wine press,

E. B. Sears, hats, caps and gents' furnishing goods,

J. A. Russell & Co., clothing,

J. H. Davenport, S. R. Nye horse-rake,

Albert Eberhardt, boots,

C. H. Smith, express wagon,

For the Committee,

Francis A. Whitney, Chairman.

'5

00

2

GO

3

00

2

GO

3

GO

3

00

5

GO

2

00

3

GO

3

GO

2

GO

5

GO

3

GO

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS AND GRATUITIES
AWARDED.

Amount awarded for :

Horses,

Neat Stock,

Swine,

Poultry,

Town Teams,

Trout,

Fruits,

Flowers,

Vegetables,

Bread,

Butter,

Cheese,

Manufactured Articles,

Other Objects,

Total,

$307

50

IGG

50

3

50

14

50

25

GO

25

GO

67

25

18

GO

17

GO

7

GO

II

GO

2

00

41

GO

37

87

$677

" /

TREASUREE'S REPORT. 23

The premiums and gratuities awarded to one hundred and
fourteen persons, were distributed as follows :

Fitchburg,

Worcester,

Leominster,

Natick, •

Lunenburg,

Boston,

Ashburnham,

Princeton,

Oakdale,

Winchendon,

Sterling,

Westminster,

These premiums and gratuities have been paid.

216

87

125

00

95

25

75

CO

50

75

50

GO

27

GO

14

00

3

GO

2

00

I

75

I

50

Jabez Fisher, Treasurer, in account with the Worcester

North Agricultural Society.

1873. Cr.

Dec. nth. To cash paid J. M. Blanchard, printing, $3 go

Dec. 1 2th, Envelopes and stamps, 972

Dec. isth, " " " d^

. Wm. H. Hubbard, 8 50

Garfield & Proctor, ii 55

S. M. Lovering, 3 go

Dec. 2oth, S. C. W. sending notices of meeting, 3 go

F. F. Woodward, services to date, 15 00

Interest on note $3,000 at Savings

Bank, 107 55
Interest on note $7,000 at Savings

Bank, 245 go

On hand, -^^t^ 16

1873-

Nov. 3Gth, By balance on hand,

Dec. 2oth, Cash, Solon Carter, guarantee fund,

E. T. Miles, guarantee fund,
Wm. Woodbury, " "

E, A. Goodrich, gratuity,
By cash of State Treasurer,

$770

16

Dr

$140
5

IG

16

GO
GO

IG

GO

600

GO
GO

$770 16

Dec.

I
Jan.

874.

2d,

Jan.
Feb.

19th,
loth.

Feb.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.

i3tl^,
24th,
27th,
30th,

April I St,
April 9th,
May 4th,

May 28th,
June 15th,
Sept. 29th,

24 TREASURER'S REPORT.

Fr. G. Fessenden, Treasurer, in Account with the Wor-
cester North Agricultural Society.
1873.

Dec. 20th, To cash paid F. F. Woodward, salary,
~ " Stationery and stamps,

G. F. Maynard's bill.

Express,

Sentinel Printing Co.,

Newspaper wrappers,

Postage and stationery,

Circulars, (A. Simonds & Co.,)

Envelopes,

Postage,

Premiums,

Express on State Reports,

Postage and wrappers,

Fr. G. Fessenden, part salary.

Interest on note,

Postage,

Services tending gate,

G. M. Sawtell, tending gate,

J. M. Peck & Co., carriage hire.

Stationery, cards, etc.,

C. A. Farnum, ist prize foot race,

D. J. Farnum, 2d " " "
Oct. ist, S. E. Coombs, ist " horse trot,

N. T. Dore, 3d "
Sentinel Printing Co.,
S. A. Wheeler & Son, (bill 187 1,)
Oct. 2d, C. A. Rowland, 2d prize, horse trot,

Scy West, posting bills,
H. F. Piper, printing, (bill 1872,)

u u u

E. Corey, services at hall 2 days,
W. S. Clark, "
A. W. Worcester, entrance fee and ^

forfeit, .

Lyman Patch, entrance fee and ^ for-
feit,
Oct. 3d, James P. Cobb, services at ground,

Oct. 5th, G. B. Knowlton, nails,

A. J. Gleason, services at hall 2 days,
Oct. 6th, Prescott Rice, selling tickets,

G. Fred Day, selling tickets,
Oct. 7th, Horace Wood, weigher,

Oct. 8th, Willard Lowe, tending gate,

A. P. Goodrich, hay,

Cr.

$75

GO

2

60

2

5^

15

3

50

2

13

2

39

I

25

I

12

I

GO

399

6r

60

2

25

Z^

50

107

IG

39

3

GG

3

GO

17

25

12

18

3

GG

2

GG

125

GO

50

GO

7

50

17

29

75

GO

15

GG

12

50

66

GG

6

GG

10

00

52

50

52

50

2

OG

48

6

GG

3

GG

3

GO

I

SO

4

GG

7

90

TREASURER'S REPORT. 25

Oct. 9th, To cash paid David Wallace, work at hall, $7 00

Oct. 14th, L. Sprague & Co., use of crockery, 315

Chas. F. Byam, services at grounds, 3 00

E. L. Caldwell, selling tickets, 3 oo

R. Dow & Co., pumps and fixtures, 20 95

R, M. Pulsifer & Co., advertising, ^3 50

Oct. 2 2d, Interest on $3,000 note, 10642

'' $7,000 " 251 00

Oct. 24th, W. S. Smith, labor, 3 50

Oct. 26th, Timothy Lincoln, premiums 1873, 8 00

Oct. 27th, L. McMaster, tending gate, 4 00

Nov. 6th, Samuel Foster, setting glass, 16 20

Nov. 8th, M. S., clerical services, 2 00

Dec. ist, Fr. G. Fessenden, balance of salary, 113 50

M. S., sending notices of meeting, 2 00

Sentinel Printing Co., 2 50

Dec. 2d, Cash on hand, 224 25

V

$1,979 66

1873-

Dec. 20th,

To amount cash on hand.

Cash of F. F. Woodward, (gift,)

75 00

1874.
Jan. 6th,
May I St,
May 23d,

Memberships,
Cash guarantee fund.
For use of grounds.
Of F. A. Aldrich,

15 00

75 00

10 00

100 00

Sept. 29th,

Gate receipts,
Entrance fees horse trot,

525 0^
125 00

il K 11 <(

70 00

Oct. ist,
Oct. 2 2d,

" " driving horses,
Membership fees.
Of State Treasurer,

4 00

17 50
600 00

$1,979 00

PKESIDENTS, OKATORS AND SEORETAEIES

OF THE

WORCESTER NORTH AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

PRESIDENTS.

1850-1.— ABEL F. ADAMS, Esq., Fitchburg.
1852-3.— Hon. IVERS PHILLIPS, Fitchburg.
1854-5.— Hon. jMOSES WOOD, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, M. D., Fitchburg.
1858-9.— Hon. JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
1860-1.— THOMAS BILLINGS, Esq., Lunenburg.
1862-3.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Esq., Fitchburg.
1864-5.— Hon. OHIO WHITNEY, Jr., Ashburnham.

1866. —JOSEPH UPTON, Esq., Fitchburg.

1867. —JOSHUA T. EVERETT, Esq., Princeton.

1868. —EUGENE T. MILES, Esq., Fitchburg.

1869. —SAMUEL OSGOOD, Esq., SterUng.

1870. —WILLIAM WOODBURY, Fitchburg.
1871.2.— Hon. JOHN H. LOCKEY, Leominster.

1873. —STEPHEN SHEPLEY, Fitchburg.

1874. —DANIEL C. MILES, Westminster.

orators :

1850.— Hon. CHARLES HUDSON, Lexington,
1852.— THOMAS E. PAYSON, Esq., Rowley.
1853.— Rev. HORATIO STEBBINS, Fitchburg.
1854.— Gov. EMORY WASHBURN, Worcester.
1855.— Hon. NATHANIEL P. BANKS, Waltham.
1856.— CHARLES L. FLINT, Esq., Boston.
1857.— JUSTUS TOWER, Esq., Lanesborough.
1859.— Hon. GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, Groton.
i860.— Hon. GEORGE B. LORING, Salem.
1861.— Hon. a. H. BULLOCK, Worcester.
1862.— PvEV. A. N. ARNOLD, D. D., Westboro.
1863.— LUTHER H. TUCKER, Esq., Albany, N. Y.
1867.— GEORGE E. TOWNE, Esq., Fitchburg.

28 LIFE MEMBERS.

1868.— Hon. DANIEL NEEDHAM, Groton.
1869.— Hon. WILLIAM SPRAGUE, Rhode Island.
1870.— Hon. ALVAH CROCKER, Fitchburg.
1871.— Dr. JAMES R. NICHOLS, Boston.
1872.— Rev. C. W. EMERSON, Fitchburg.

SECRETARIES :

1850-1.-— NATHAN UPHAM, Fitchburg.

1852. —JOSEPH PIERCE, Fitchburg.

1853. —CHARLES W. WILDER, Fitchburg.
1854-5.— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
1858-63.— WILLIAM G. WYMAN, Fitchburg.
1864. —LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1865-6.— ALVIN M. SAWYER, Fitchburg.
1867-9.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1870. —WALTER A. FAMES, Fitchburg.
i87i-3._GEORGE S. HOUGHTON, Fitchburg.

1874. —FRANKLIN G. FESSENDEN, Fitchburg,

1875. —EDWARD B. SAWTELL, Fitchburg.

LIFE MEMBERS.

In the following list the Post Office address, when it differs
from the residence, is given in italics after the name ; * indicates
that the person has removed, but that the present residence is
unknown ; f indicates that the person has deceased.

ASHBY. Foster, Joel

Gates, Howard ,

Brown, C. H. Gates, Paul

Burr, John Hapgood, Wm. G.

Damon, Samuel R. Hayward, Homer J.

Damon, Ebenezer Hayward, Joel

Davis, John Hayward, Paul

Fay, Dennis Fitchburg, Hayward, Samuel

Foster, Jesse Hayward, John

Foster, Joseph Hodgman, Luther •

LIFE MEMBERS.

29

Hubbard, Augustus
Hubbard, George B.
Johnson, William
Kendall, George
Lawrence, David t
Smith, Levi
Spencer, Hobart
Wallis, Benjamin
Wallis, B. Frank Fitchburg.
Wellington. Liberty-
Wright, Charles H.
Wright, Francis W.
Wilder, E. F.
Willard, L. B.

ASHBURNHAM.

Whitney, F. A.

BOSTON.

Beal, F. F. L.
Boothby, S. A.
Breck & Sons, Joseph
Comee, William W.
Farwell, Lyman
Haskins, F. W.
Lucas, Edmund G.
Proctor, D. A.
Simonds, Alvan
Tilden, Wm. P.
Whitney, Waldo F.
Whittemore, Belcher & Co.

Adams, Ivers
Barrell, Nahum
Cummings, John L.
Davis, John C.
Eaton, N. L.
Ellis, Daniels Jr.,
Foster, Jerome W. t
Green, Hosea

FITCHBURG.

Aldrich, Lucius
Aldrich, Mrs. Lucius t
Aldrich, Miss Mary M.
American Rattan Company,
Adams, Erastus *
Applin, Mrs. Sophia S.

Harris, Humphrey -5w;r^^m//<f, Bailey, E. Foster

Houston, Horace W.
Howard, George
Howe, Addison
Howe, Perley
Marble, Warren
Maynard, Antipas
Merritt, Simeon
Russell, Ward
Russell Franklin
Sampson, George G.
Wallace, Merrick
Wallace, F. W.
Ward, Isaac D.
Ward, Stephen
■ Whitmore, Alfred t
Whitney, Merrick
Whitney, Ohio
Wilker, John
Wilker, Joseph W.
Willard, Merrick
Winchester, Charles
Winchester, George C.
Woodward, John G.

Baldwin, Joseph
Ball, William*
Ball, S. B.*
Barker, Lorenzo
Barker, Mrs. Lorenzo
Bascom, Silas
Battles, Oscar A.
Battles, George T.
Battles, J. Augustus
Billings, Charles J.
Blood, H. A.
Boutelle, David
Boutelle, Frank L.
Boutelle, Mrs. T. R.
Bradford, Lewis H.
Bradford, Mrs. L. H.
Bradford, Miss Anna T.
Brigham, Charles
Brigham, Seth E.
Brown, Mrs. Bessie M.
Brown, Charles H.
Brown, James D.*
Brown, Horace H.

30

LIFE MEMBERS.

Brown, L. J.

Brown, James W. Fitchburg.
Brown, 2d, John F. ,
Bullock, Laban *
Burnap, Edwin S.
Burnap, Samuel
Buttrick, Francis
Burleigh, Charles
Burney, John
Caldwell, Enoch f
Caldwell, Thomas C.
Carlton, Wm. A.
Carpenter, Daniel M. f
Caswell, Hosea M.
Caswell, Nathan
Caswell, S. Melville
Childs, S. Austin
Choate, John
Coggshall, Henry F.
Comee, Leander P.
Comee, Charles H.
Conn, John A.
Conn, Reuben R.
Colony, George D.
Corey, Jonas
Cotting, William W.
Cowdin, Natt
Crehore, Warren A.
Crocker, Alvah f
Crocker, Daniel P.
Crocker, Charles T.
Cross, Daniel
Cushing, Joseph
Cushing, Mrs. Joseph
Cushing, Charles G.
Cushing, Susan E.
Cushing, Milton M.
Corey, David A.
Damon, Albert
Damon, George
Daniels, Thomas E.
Dadmun, Charles E.
Davis, Alonzo
Davis, Jonathan P.
Davis, Charles
Davis, Elnathan Auburn.
Davis, Joel
Day, William F.- -
Dclahanty, Charles J.

Derby, Gilbert H.
Dickinson, Elijah M.
Dickinson, Charles P.
Dole, A. S.
Dole, S. M.
Downe, Mrs. Leonard
Downe, Edward P.
Downe, Mrs. Edward P.
Drew, Wm. B. S. West F.
Dyer, Henry B.
Dyke, Joseph
Eager, Wm. L.
Fames, Walter A.
Eaton, Daniel S.
Eaton, Thomas S.
Eddy, B. Webster
Emerson, Alfred Lancaster,
Emory, Charles A.
Emory, William C.
Emory, Edward F.
Emory, Sidney P.
Fairbanks, Charles L.
Fairbanks, Lyman N.
Fairbanks, J. H.
Farrar, Gardner
Farwell, Elijah C.
Farwell, Samuel *
Farnsworth, Thomas
Fay, George F.
Fessenden, Charles
Fessenden, Fr. G. Greenfield.
Fisher, Jabez
Fisher, Mrs. Jabez
Fisher, J. Frank
Fitchburg, Town of
Freeland, James C. t
Frost, S. Gilman
Frye, George A.
Fuller, Hubbard B.
Fitchburg Novelty Works,
Garfield, J. F. D.
Garfield, John
Gerry, E. J. *
Gill, Thomas H. *
Gilbert, Ivar R.
Gibson, Thomas t
Goodrich, Edwin A.
Goodri-ch, Henry A.
Goodridgc, Alonzo P.

LIFE MEMBERS.

31

Goodrich, George E.

Goodridge, Herbert D.

Goddard, R. L. Palmer.

Goodwin, William H. West F,

Gould, William

Gott, Calvin O.

Graves, Howard M.*

Greene, Henry G.

Hadley, Nathan B.

Hale, Samuel

Hannegan, James

Hardy, William A.

Harden, J. J.

Harris, Gordis D.*

Harris, John M.

Hartwell, Isaac

Haskell, Jacob

Haskell, Miss Lizzie H.

Haskins Machine Co.

Haskins, John F.

Haynes, Stillman

Hayward, E. T.

Hawes, Samuel f

Hawkins, Gardner P.

Henry, Wm. E. & Co.

Heywood, Walter

Heywood, Mrs. Walter

Hitchcock, Alfred t

Hitchcock, Hiland C.

Hogan, Walter W.

Hodges, George L.*

Holmes, Elias

Holman, Silas

Holden, Marquis L.

Hollis, John W.*

Holton, S. S.

Hosmer, Silas

Hosmer, Mrs. Silas

Hosmer, Miss Clara D.

Houghton, Josiah S.

Houghton, Edward L.

Houghton, George S.

Houghton, Mrs. George S.

Jackson, Henry

Jaquith, Caleb W.

Jewett, George

J efts, Asa S.

Joel, Reuben

Kenney, William F,*
Kendall, Levi
Kimball, John W.
Kimball, A. P.
Kimball Herbert W. *
Kimball, H. J.
Kilgore, John C.
Lawrence, Abram G.
Lawrence, George L.
Lane, Mrs. J. B.
Lewis, Mrs. B. F.
■ Leathe, William M.
Leverett, James W. *
Litch, Aaron K.
Litchfield, James D.
Livermore, Charles *
Lowe, Henry J.
Lowe, John
Lowe, Willard H.
Lyon, Moses G,
Macy, E. B.
Manning, Elson W.
Manning, Joseph E.
Macurda, W. A. & Co.
Marshall, Alfred A.
Marshall, Abel
Marshall, Jonas A.
Marshall, Joseph A.*
Mason, Charles
Mason, Caroline
Mclntire, David
Mclntire, Farrington
McLitire, James
Merriam, David H.
Messenger, Daniel
Messenger, Horace P.
Miller, Alfred
Miles, Eugene T.
Miles, Mrs. E. T.
Miles, Miss Hattie E.
Miles, Miss Anstis R.
Miles, Miss Mabel A.
Monroe, Edwin P.
Monroe, Mrs. E. P.
Monroe, James F.
Montjoy, George W.
Moulton, J. C.
Murnane, William

32

LIFE MEMBERS.

Morse, H. G.

Morse, M. J.
Morse, Herbert O.
Nichols, Lyman
Norcross, Amasa
Nutting, George F.
Page, Hale W. Kalamazoo^
Page, Joel
Page, Mrs. Joel
Page, Herbert E.
Page, Walter F. *
Page, Warren B. *
Palmer, Thomas
Palmer, Mrs. Thomas
Palmer, Miss Mary
Palmer, Joseph
Partridge, H. P. t
Partridge, Asa
Patch, Lyman
Patch, Mrs. Lyman
Patch, Lyman B.
Patch, Arthur
Patch, Walter
Phelps, S. Dennis
Pierce, James
Pierce, Joseph
Pierce, 2d, Joseph
Piper, Joseph L.
Piper, Henry F.
Place, J. D.
Porter, E. C. t
Pratt, Lawrin
Pratt, Silas
Pratt, Willie F. C.
Prichard, John
Pride, William M.
Proctor, George B.
Proctor, George N.
Proctor, Sullivan G.
Proctor, Benjamin F.
Proctor, John B.
Proctor, Mrs. J. B.
Putnam, James P.
Putnam, Frank P.
Putnam, Salmon W. f
Rice, Oran S.
Richardson, Edwin
Richardson, J. B. *

Ripley, Flora B.
Robbins, George
Ruggles, Otis T.
Ruggles, Mrs. Otis T.
Ruggles, Miss Abbie J.
Ruggles, Walter W.
iJ/zV/^.Sabin, John P.

Safford, Benjamin
Sawtell, Charles
Saw tell, Edward B.
Sawtell, Mrs. Edward B.
Sawtell, John M.
Sawyer, Sylvanus
Sawyer, Alvin M.
Sawyer, Asa f
Sawyer, Charles B. West F.
Sawyer, Charles K. West K
Saunders, Charles *
Shattuck, Warren W.
Sheldon, Francis
Sheldon, Thomas
Sheldon, Samuel D.
Shepley, Stephen
Shepley, Mrs. Stephen
Shepley, Francis B.
Sherman, Andrew B.
Simonds, Abel West F.
Simonds, Joseph F.
Smith, Edw^ard
Smith, John
Smith, Joseph
Smith, Wilham P.
Snow, Peter S.
Snow, C. H. B.
Snow, Benjamin
Snow, Francis H. *
Society, First Universalist
Spaulding, E. G.
Sprague, Leander
Stearns, Varus *
Stickney, George O.
Stiles, James F.
Stiles, Mrs. J. F.
Stoddard, Charles B.
Stockwell, Loriston t
Stone, Norman
Stone, Alanson J. Lancaster.
Stevens, Levi *

LIFE MEMBERS.

33

Stratton, Charles C.

Tenney, Jonathan L.

Thurston, Cyrus

Torrey, Ebenezer

Torrey, Mrs. E.

Towne, George E.

Tfees, Thomas t

Tuttle, Lewis G.

Tuttle, D. Waterman

Twichell, John M.

Twichell, Seth

Upham, Nathan <

Upton, Harrison

Upton, John

Upton, Mrs. J.

Upton, Edwin

Upton, Thomas

Upton, Warren C.

Vose, WilHam H.

Wallace, Rodney

Ware, Samuel

Ware, T. K.

Ware, Lewis

Warren, L. W.f

Waterhouse, Joseph

Way moth, A. D.

West, Benjamin W.

West, Clark S.

Weston, S. J. M.

Wetherbee, Alfred

Wheelock, George f

Wheeler, Benjamin

Wheeler, Loring

Wheeler, Lorenzo D.

Wheeler, Samuel A.

Wheelwright, Geo. W. Jr. *

Whitcomb, Nathan

White, W. Fred*

Whitman, Jonathan

Whitman, Augustus, Leominster,

Whitman, Ephraim

Whitney, Edwin A.

Whitney, Albert E.

Whittemore, Mrs. B. F. *

Wilder, Charles W. *

Willis, Henry A.

Wilkins, Aaron

Wilson, Timothy S.

Wood, Charles H.
Wood, Mrs. Moses
Wood, Nathaniel
Woodbury, James M.
Woodbury, Miss Maria E.
Woodbury, William
Woodbury, Oscar F.
Works, T. Benton
Works, Edwin D.
Works, George F. *
Wright, J. Q.
Wheeler, John
White, Ivers
Young, Z. F.
Younglove, T.

GARDNER.

Bancroft, Amasa

Bush, C. W.

Greenwood, Calvin S. f

Heywood, Levi

Heywood, Seth

Heywood, Charles

Hill, Edwin

Hill, Henry C.

Hill, John W.

Hubbard, George W. *

Parker, David

Sawin, John So, Gardner,

Stevens, S. W. A. So. Gardner.

Taylor, Stephen So. Gardjier.

Wood, Abel S.

Wood, Asaph So. Gardner.

HARVARD.

Bull, Trumbull
Burt, George E.
Farmer, Emroy
Fletcher, Sherman
Hosmer, Samuel
Lane, Edwin
Puffer, Josiah Ayer,
Taylor, Zopher
Whitney, Hiram
Whitney, Samuel F.
Willard, Alfred R.

34

LIFE MEMBERS.

LEOMINSTER.

Allen, Joel C.
Arlington Piano Company,
Boutelle, N. C.
Boyden, Elliot E.
Boyden, Charles C.
Bennett, James
Bird, Ebenezer
Burrage, Emory
Burrage, Leonard North L.
Burditt, A. L.
Burditt, J. S. t
Buss, John L.
Carter, James H.
Carter, Solon
Carter, George R.
Chase, Henry
Cozzens, Joseph
Colburn, Charles H.
Cotton, Ward M.
Day, N. C. *
Derby, Alden
Derby, Benjamin
Derby, Cephas
Everett, Abram
Field, C. C.
Fuller, William H.
Gates, Augustus
Gates, Edwin
Gates, Whiting
Gates, Jonas W.
Grout, George H.
Harrington, Fred B.
Haskell, Franklin L.
Haws, Manson D.
Hosmer, William B,
Hall, B. F.
Johnson, Ephraim
Johnson, Elbridge
Joslin, Charles L.
Keteridge, Monroe H.
Lincoln, Geo. T.
Lincoln, Timothy
Lockey, John H.
Lockey, John M.
Lyon, A. E.
Marshall, James A.
Marshall, James H.

Marshall, Joseph North L,

Merriam, C. H.

Merriam, Gardner

Morse, Augustus *

Moore, Estabrook

Nichols, Edmund H.

Nichols, John F.

Nicholson, Charles R.

Parker, L. W.

Piper, Porter

Putnam & Phelps North L,

4lice, George L.

Stratton, Albert

Salisbury, D. W.

Sheldon, G. W.

Snow, Mrs. Nancy North L.

Thompson, E. P.

Tilton, Emory

Tisdale, S. A.

Whitney, F. A. Carriage Co.

Woods, George

Woods, Henry A.

LUNENBURG.

Baker, William Fitchburg,

Ball, Varnum

Billings, Thomas

Billings, George

Brown, W. L.

Brown, John F.

Brown, Mrs. J. F.

Fairbanks, John

Graham, Ephraim Fitchburg.

Goodrich, Joseph

Gilchrist, George S.

Heath, Mahon S.

Houghton, Edmund

Johnson, Martin

Kilburn, Cyrus

Kilburn, Mrs. Cyrus

Page, Luther

Pitts, Lemuel *

Putnam, James

Putnam, Daniel

Stone, P^liphalet

Stone, Mrs. J. E.

Stone, Stillman

LIFE MEMBERS.

35

Whitney, Aaron P.
White, Levi

PRINCETON.

Benson, W. W.

Beaman, Winslow E. East P.

Brooks, John

Brown, W. H. East P.

Danforth, Nathan *

Everett, J. T. East P.

Gill, Emery W.

Gregory, George M.

Hastings, Solon S.

Houghton, George W.

Merriam, J. Edwin

Mirick, Sewall G.

Mirick, Moses H. East P.

Mirick, Paul M. East P.

Reed, Nathan B.

Richardson, Sewall

Roper, John

Roper, Wilkes

Skinner, George O.

Skinner, Harlow

Thompson, A. G.

Temple, Jonas H. East P.

Whitcomb, Joseph East P.

Wilder, Mark East P.

«ROYALSTON.

Bemis, Otis South R.
Clark, Edson
Clark, Timothy
Farrar, S. S. South R.
Hale, John W. South R.
Hale, Silas South R.
Jones, Aaron South R.
Jones, Silas South R.
Perkins, Joseph L.
Raymond, Joseph
Safford, Roby R. South R.
Stockwell, Anan South R.
Turner, Ephraim South R.

SHIRLEY.

Davis, George

Edgarton, Charles A. S. Vill.
Gardner, Jerome B. S. Vill.
Gardner, M. T. S. Vill.
Hartwell, Nathaniel
Hazen, Thomas L. S. Vill.
Hazen, Jacob P. S. Village.
Munson, Norman C. "
Page, George "

Parker, James O. "

Sanderson, George W. "
Whetherbee, Wm. H. "
Whitney, Thomas E. "

STERLING.

Barron, A. S.
Baldwin, William
Burpee, Edward
Fitch, Charles B.
Flagg, Charles
Hastings, Rufus
Heywood, H. Marcellus
Heywood, Moses B.
Kendall, Ezra
Kendall, George
Loring, Chandler H.
Loring, Maynard
Nourse, Franklin
Osgood, Samuel
Peck, W. D.
Richardson, William B.
Stephenson, John M.
Sawyer, Jonathan M.
Sawyer, Putnam
Sawyer, William H.
Smith, Sidney
Whitney, Joseph

TEMPLETON.

Day, Oilman Baldwinville.
Goldsmith, J. G. Otter River.
Sawyer, Edwin Paldwifiville,
Sawyer, James East Templeton.
Simonds, Warren

36

LIFE MEMBERS.

Smith, Levi N. Baldwinville.
Stone, E. W. Otter River.

WESTMINSTER.

Bacon, Edward

Barnes, Adonijah

Benjamin, A. W. Wachusett VilL

Benson, Bigelow

Brown, Timothy Wachusett Vill.

Carter, Russell O.

Carter, E. R.

Chesmore, Reuben G. Fitchbm'-g.

Divol, Luke

Duncan, Geo. N. Fitchburg.

Ellis, Preston

Flagg, Otis

Forbush, Joseph W. *

Hagar, Isaac *

Holden, Amos B.

Laws, David Ashburnham.

Laws, James H.

Leonard, John K.

Merriam, Artemas

Merriam, Caleb S.

Merriam, Joel t

Minot, John

Miller, Joseph *

Miles, George t

Miles, Daniel C.

Miles, Daniel Wachusett Vill.

Miles, Herbert J.

North, Daniel

Page, Josiah West F.

Page, Porter F. West F.

Puffer, James

Raymond, Asa

Raymond, EH W.

Raymond, Aretas t

Sprague, S. H. Wachusett Vill.

Towne, George W. *

Waterhouse, Joseph

Whitney, Calvin

White, Marshall

Winship, Handell ^

Winship, Sylvester

Wood, Aaron ,

Wood, Benjamin F.

Wood, Timothy D.

Wood, T. S.

Wood, Allen B. Fitchburg.

Wyman, Benj. Wachusett Vill.

Wyman, Franklin Wachusett V.

Wyman, David *

WINCHENDON.

Brown, 2d, William
Cutter, John
Folsom, John G.
Forristal, John M.
Mason, Orlando
Murdock, Ephraim Jr.
Raymond, Paul Jr.
Whitney, Giles H.
Vose, Reuben Jr.

WORCESTER.

Beaman, G. S.
Bullock, Alexander H. '
Boyington, John
Brown, Alzirus
Barnard, A. B.
Chase, Anthony
Howard, Justin
Harris, Gideon
Miles, Charles M.
Phillips, Ivers
Richardson, George W.
Spooner, A. J.
Wellington, Timothy W.
Wheeler, W. A.
Whitcomb, David

LIFE MEMBERS. 37

MISCELLANEOUS.

Martin Clifford, Amherst ; George Chandler, Acton ; William
S. Merritt, Ashfield ; Francis Conant, Boxboro' ; J. H. Reed, J.
Forbush, Bolton ; R. S. Denney, Clappville ; William A. Mandell,
Cambridge; Washington Nichols, Charlestown ; Amory Davidson,
Clinton ; Rodney Fuller, Dracut ; Eli A. Hubbard, Easthampton ;
Henry G. White, Framingham ; Hazen O. Bean, Groton ; Charles
L. Nutting, Groton; Nath'l Holden, A. L. Lawton, Groton June;
M. L. May, Hubbardston ; Alpheus B. Davis, Holland; Ebenezer
Bullard, Hampstead, N. H. ; J. A. Harwood, J. H. Whitcomb,
Adam Thompson, Littleton; Albert Merriam, Lowell; John W,
Piper, Lynn ; Samuel Farwell, 2d, Fitchburg ; John F. Ware, Mil-
ton ; A. O. Cummings, Israel Everett, A. C. & J. G. Wood, Mill-
bury ; Daniel W. Blood, Pepperell ; Enward Powers, Phillipston ;
John A. Rice, Quincy; Henry B. Jones, Townsend; Asher
Green, Mrs. Asher Green, Abram M. White, West Townsend ;
Stephen Stanton, Wayland ; Martin Harris, Warwick ; L. H. Rice,
West Boylston ; E. W. Houghton, Still River ; A. H. Brick,
Waterbury, Vt. ; James O. Kendall, Hartford, Wis. ; Luther H.
Tucker, Albany, N. Y. ; Henry F. Kenney, Philadelphia, Pa. ; H.
W. Collin, Burlington, Vt. ; Joel Foskett, Camden, N. Y. ; Elisha
Garfield, t Horatio Hill, Israel Longley, Chicago, 111. ; Milton
Frost, Detriot, Mich. ; J. T. Densmore, Charleston, N. H. ;
Nathan Whitney, Claremont, N. H. ; Hiram W. Albee, Ludlow,
Vt. ; Artemas F. Andrews, Geo. M. Gage, North Ipswich, N.
H. ; Solomon P. Burpee, J. M. Stuart, William B. Wood, New
York City ; Gilman Jones, N. Buffalo, Mich. ; Kendall Brooks,
Joseph W. Mansur, Kalamazoo, Mich. ; Oliver Howe, Titusville
Pa.; James L. Haynes, Peru, Vt. ; Solomon F. Towne, Rindge,
N. H. ; Frank M. Proctor, Westmoreland, N. H. ; Henry R.
Phelps, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Bailey, Cook & Co., Woonsocket, R.L ;
William G. Wyman, Maine Prairie, Cal. ; Thomas B. Choate,
Stockton, Cal. ; Horatio Stebbins, San Francisco, Cal. ; Henry
W. Haskell, Marysville, Cal. ; Jacob Brown, Maysville, Mo. ;
James Houghton, Oakdale ; Jones & Perkins, Wilton, N. H.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS

FOR THE

TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL EXHIBITION,

TO BE HELD AT FITCHBURG,
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28th, 1875.

No person will be allowed to become a competitor for any of
the Premiums herein offered, unless he shall have made an entry
for the same, with the Secretary, within the time prescribed for
each class, nor unless he shall have furnished all required state-
ments relating thereto, within the specified time.

For the convenience of those who live at a distance, entries
may be made by mail ; and all entries so made must be delivered
at some post-office one day previous to the expiration of the time
specified, and must bear proof of having been so delivered, either
by postmark, or a certificate of registry from the postmaster.

ly Communications for the Secretary, should be sent to
Fitchburg.

STOCK. •

All entries for premiums under this head> must be made on or
before the Friday previous to the Show, except Horses and Poul-
try, which may be as late as the Monday previous.

All persons who are required to furnish a statement, must do
so to the Secretary, at the time of making the entry, and he shall
post copies on the day of exhibition.

All live stock must be owned by the person entering the same.

Each entry of stock for the pens must specify the breed of the
animal, if known, and the age.

40 PREMIUMS.

Fat cattle and working cattle must be weighed on the scales
on the grounds of the Society, and a certificate furnished the Sec-
retary.

The weight of all other stock will not be required.

All stock, except oxen shown only in Town Teams, taken
from the grounds before 4 o'clock p. m., on Tuesday, without per-
mission of the President, shall forfeit all premiums that may have
been awarded to it.

The committees on Neat Stock, Sheep, Swine and Poultry,
shall make their awards previous to 3 o'clock p. m., on Tuesday.
They shall designate the premiums immediately with printed rib-
bons or cards, blue for first, red for second, and white for third.

The Society will provide good hay for all Stock entered for
premium or exhibition during the time of the Show, and will fur-
nish grain at cost, to all who may require it.

Hereafter, the best animals exhibited shall be entitled to the
premiums, without regard to former awards.

Committee in charge of Grounds. — D. C. Miles, Westminster ;
J. M. Sawteir, Joseph Gushing, Fitchburg.

Committee on Pedigrees. — E. T. Miles, Joel Page, Fitchburg;
Augustus Whitman, Leominster.

Committee on Ani7nals for jExhibition, with authority to recom-
mend gratuities. — E. D. Works, of Fitchburg.

Committee on Forage— h.. P. Goodridge, Fitchburg.

Committee on Finance. — D. G. Miles, Westminster,

THOROUGH-BRED STOGK.

Committee. — ^Joel Page, Edwin D. Works, Fitchburg; John
H. Lockey, Leominster.

PREMIUMS. 41

SHORTHORNS, AYRSHIRES, JERSEYS, DEVONS, OR OTHER
THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

Herds consisting of one bull and not less than four females, all
one year old and upwards, and owned by the competitor for
four months preceding the show. Two premiums : $6, 4.

BULLS.

Two years old and upwards. Two premiums : $5, 3.
One year old and under two. Two premiums : $4, 2.
Calves (under one year). Two premiums: $4, 2.

COWS.

Four years old and upwards. Two premiums : $3, 2.
Three years old and under four. Two premiums : $2.50, 1.50.
Two years old and under three. Two premiums : $2, i.
One year old and under two. Two premiums : $1.50, i.
Calves (under one year). Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Competitors may make such statements to the Committee as
they please, all of which shall be considered.

STOCK NOT THOROUGH-BRED.

Thorough-bred Stock may compete in the following classes,
but shall have no advantage on account of blood or pedigree.

MILCH KINE.

Committee. — Stillman Stone, Lunenburg; Cecil Hey wood,
Ashby ; George Grout, Leominster.

Herds of four cows or heifers, each. Two premiums : $5, 3,50

The committee will regard age, expense of keeping, &c.

Cows for butter. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.

Heifers, three years old, for butter. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.

Heifers, two years old, for butter. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.

42 PREMIUMS.

Cows, for milk. Two premiums: $2.50, 2.

Heifers, three years old, for milk. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.

Heifers, two years old, for milk. Two premiums: $2, 1.50,

Competitors may make such statements to the Committee as
they please, all of which shall be considered.

HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES.

Cojjtmittee. — Theodore Wood, W. B. Osborn, Leominster;

Asia Jeffts, Fitchburg.

Intended to be kept for the Dairy.

Two years old. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.
Yearlings. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Calves more than four months old. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.
Calves more than four months old, raised by hand. Two premi-
ums : $2, 1.50.

Persons exhibiting calves raised by hand, shall furnish state-
ments to the Secretary, of the manner of raising.

YEARLING STEERS, STEER CALVES AND PENS OF

CALVES.

Committee. — Abel Marshall, Daniel S. Eaton, Fitchburg ; Au-
gustus Gates, Leominster.

Yearlings. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Trained Yearlings. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Calves. Two premiums : $3, 2.

Calves raised by hand. Two premiums : $3, 2.

Trained Calves. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.

Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Best pen of Calves, not less than four. Two premiums : $5, 2,50.

Persons exhibiting Calves raised by hand, shall furnish a state-
ment to the Secretary, of the manner of raising.

Calves entered in Pens of Calves cannot compete for premi-
ums as single animals.

PREMIUMS. 48

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Committee. — A. B. Davis, Clinton ; William Woodbury, Fitch-
burg ; George Woods, Leominster.

Working Oxen. Two premiums : $5, 3.
Best Minor Teamsters. Two premiums : $2.50, 1.50.
Steers, three years old. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.
Best Minor Teamster. Two premiums : $2, i.
Two years old. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.
Trained two years old. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums: $1.50, i.

The Working Oxen will be tried attached to loads weighing,
including the cart, one-third more than themselves.

The three years old steers will be attached to carts, and tried
like the oxen on the same ground \ the cart and load to equal the
steers in weight.

FAT CATTLE.

Committee. — John Lowe, Fitchburg ; E. R. Carter, Westmin-
ster; Cephas Derby, Leominster.

Best Fat Ox. Two premiums: $4, 2.50.

Best Fat Cow. Two premiums: $3, 1.50. '

Best Fat Steer or Heifer. Two premiums : $3, 2.

All competitors with fat cattle, must furnish a statement to the
Secretary, of the mode and expense of feeding.

SWINE.

Committee. — Joseph Gushing, Fitchburg; C. C. Boyden,
Leominster ; Marshall White, Westminster.

Must be entered like other stock.

Boars more than one year old. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.

Less than one year old. Two premiums : $1.50, 1.

Best Fat Hogs, having regard to age. Two premiums : $4, 2.

Fat Pigs, less than eight months old. Two premiums : $2, i.

Breeding Sows. Two premiums : $4, 2.

Weaned Pigs, not less than four. Two premiums : $2, i.

44 PREMIUMS.

All Swine, and each litter of Pigs, will be allowed fifteen cents
mileage for each mile more than two that they are brought.

POULTRY.

Conunittee. — Geo. F. Williams, Lunenburg ; Jabez Fisher, Hor-
ace E. Wheeler, Fitchburg.

Must be entered like other stock.

Barn-yard fowls, not less than a trio.

Brahmas. Two premiums: $i, .50.

Black Spanish. Two premiums : $1, .50.

White Leghorns. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Any other breed. Two premiums: $1, .50.

Turkeys, not less than a trio. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Geese, not less than a trio. Two premiums : $1.50, i.

Ducks, not less than a trio. Two premiums: $1.50, i.

TOWN TEAMS.

Cojftmittee. — Solon Carter, Leominster; Reuben Vose, Win-
chendon ; Abel Marshall, Fitchburg.

Best Town Teams, not less than fifteen yoke from any one town.
Two premiums: $15, 10.
These teams may consist of either oxen or steers, or both.

HORSES.

Entries for all horses where entrance fee is required to be paid,
must be made before 9 o'clock A. M. of the day on which they
are exhibited.

PREMIUMS. 45

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES— SINGLE.

Co?nmittee.—K, T. Miles, Fitchburg ; F. W. Wright, Ashby ;
John H. Lockey, Leominster.

Gentlemen's Driving Horses. Four premiums : $6, 4, 3, 2.
Entrance fee, $1.
Speed considered, but not to govern.

In the trial of horses in this class, they shall make a standing
start from the Judges' stand.

MATCHED DRIVING AND FAMILY HORSES.

Committee. — Geo. F. Fay, Lyman Patch, Fitchburg ; L. N.
Smith, Baldwinville.

Matched Driving Horses. Four premiums : $6, 4, 3, 2.
Family Horses — Single. Four premiums : $6, 4, 3, 2.
Entrance fee, $1.

COLTS.

Committee. — Charles H. Brown, Fitchburg ; N. B. Reed,
Princeton ; 'James H. Marshall, Leominster.

Stallions, three years old. Two premiums : $5, 2.50.

Geldings, three years old. Two premiums: $5, 2.50.

Fillies, three years old. Two premiums : $5, 2.50.

Stallions or Geldings, two years old. Two premiums : $3, 1.50.

Fillies, two years old. Two premiums : $3, 1.50.

Yearling Colts. Two premiums : $2.50, 1.50.

STALLIONS, MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

Committee. — Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham; Warren Simonds,
Baldwinville ; S. W. A. Stevens, South Gardner.

Best Stallions for general use, four years old and upwards. Two

premiums: $10, 5.
Breeding Mares. Two premiums : $4, 2.50.
Colts less than one year old. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.

The Mares must be four years old and upwards, and accom-
panied by their Colts.

No premium shall be awarded to a mare known to be unsound.

46 PREMIUMS.

PLOUGHING MATCHES.

All entries for ploughing must be on or before the Friday
previous to the Exhibition, and one dollar must be deposited with
each entry, to be returned to the competitor if he ploughs, other-
wise forfeited to the Society. The swivel plough only will be al-
lowed.

HORSE TEAMS.

Committee. — Stephen Shepley, Fitchburg; Edward Bacon,
Westminster; Joel Foster, Ashby.

Two premiums : $5, 3.

OX TEAMS.

Committee. — Wm. B. Hosmer, Leominster; Thomas Sheldon,
Fitchburg; Wm. W. Benson, Princeton.

Two premiums : $5, 3.

CROPS.

All entries for premiums in this department must be made
with the Secretary, on or before June i5th, with the exception of
English turnips and cabbages, which must be entered on or be-
fore August 15. Immediately after these dates, the Secretary will
transmit to all competitors a blank form, adopted by the Trustees,
to correspond with the requirements of the Board of Agriculture.

GRAIN.

Committee. — Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg : Abel Marshall,
Fitchburg ; Caleb S. Merriam, Westminster.

The committee may award gratuities for valuable new varie-
ties of crain.

PREMIUMS. 47

For the most profitable crops of corn, wlieat, rye, barley and
oats, one acre each ; of cabbages, beans and flax, one-eight acre
each ; the product of corn to be not less than 4,320 lbs. on the
cob; that of wheat, rye, barley and oats, not less than 1,000 lbs.
of grain each :

Corn. Two premiums : $5, 4.
Wheat. Two premiums : $5, 4.
Rye. Two premiums: $2, i.
Barley. Two premiums : $2, i.
Oats. Two premiums : $2, i.
Field Beans. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Samples must be exhibited at the Fair.

ROOT CROPS AND CABBAGES.

Committee. — Alden Derby, Leominster; Benjamin Safford,
Fitchburg ; Martin Johnson, Lunenburg.

For the most profitable crops of potatoes, one-fourth acre
each ; of carrots, onions, beets and turnips, one-eight acre each :

Potatoes, not less than 3,000 lbs. Two premiums : $4, 2.50.
Carrots, not less than 5,500 lbs. Two premiums: $2, 1,50,
Onions, not less than 2,000 lbs. Two premiums : $1.50, i.
Sugar Beets. Two premiums: $1, .50.
Mangel Wurzel. Two premiums: $1, .50.
English Turnips. Two premiums: $1.50, i.
Turnips of any other variety. Two premiums : $1.50, i.
Cabbages. Two premiums : $1, .50.

EXHIBITION AT THE HALL.

No article intended for the Hall will be entitled to a premium
unless it shall have been deposited by 2 o'clock P. M., on Mon-
day.

All articles should be plainly marked with the name and resi-
dence of the exhibitor, except samples of Bread and Butter, which
must be designated by numbers. A strict compliance with these
regulations will be absolutely necessary to entitle competitors to
any premiums that may be awarded to them.

48 PEEMIUMS.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

Committee. — Jabez Fisher, George Jewett, Fitchburg; Porter
Piper, Leominster.

APPLES.

Twelve varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $3, 2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $1.50,1.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Baldwins. Two premi-
ums : $1, .50.
Hubbardston Nonesuch. Two premiums: $1, .50.
R. I. Greenings. Two premiums: $1, .50.
Roxbury Russets. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Gravensteins. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Palmer Greenings. Two premiums : $1, .50.

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in more
than one of the above classes, with the same specimens of fruit;
and if the number of specimens exhibited does not correspond
with these regulations, the fruit will be excluded from competition
for the premiums,

PEACHES.
Best collection. One premium : $3.
Best dishes or baskets. Two premiums : $2, i.

PLUMS.

Best collection. One premium : $2.
Best plates. Two premiums: $1, .56.

QUINCES.
Best dishes or baskets. Two premiums: $1, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the
disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

PEARS AND GRAPES.

Committee. — Rodney Wallace, Fitchburg; Ohio Whitney,
Ashbumham ; Estabrook Moore, Leominster.

PREMIUMS. 49

PEARS.

"^ "2.

Twelve varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $3,
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $1.50, i .
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Bartletts. Two premiums :

$1, .50.
Seckel. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Flemish Beauty. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Duchess. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Louise Bonnie de Jersey. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Lawrence. Two premiums: $1, .50.
Beurre d'Anjou. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Sheldon. Two premiums: $r, .50.

GRAPES.

Best displays of varieties of Native Grapes. Two premiums : $5,3.
Best six clusters Concord. Two premiums: $1, .50.
Best six clusters Delaware. Two premiums : $1, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the
disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in more
than one of the above classes, with the same specimens of fruit ;
and if the number of specimens exhibited does not correspond
with these regulations, the fruit will be excluded from competition
for the premiums.

ASSORTED FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

Committee. — Miss Alice Shepley, Miss Hattie E. Miles, Fitch-
burg ; Mrs. George Whittemore, Lunenburg.

ASSORTED FRUITS.

Best Dishes or Baskets. Two premiums : $2, i,
PLANTS IN POTS.

Best displays of named Plants in Pots. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best three named Plants in Pots. Two premiums : $2, i.

50 PREMIUMS.

CUT FLOWERS.

Best displays of Cut Flowers. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best five named Asters. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best five named Dahlias. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best five named Verbenas. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best pair of Parlor Bouquets. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best pair of Hand Bouquets. Two premiums : $2, i.

The best plants in pots cannot compete for both the best dis-
play and the best three; nor can the same Asters, Dahlias or
Verbenas, compete for the best display and the best five.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at the
disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

VEGETABLES.

Committee. — John B. Proctor, Thomas Upton, Fitchburg;
Fred B. Harrington, Leominster.

Best collections Kitchen Vegetables. Two premiums : $4, 3.

Collections of Potatoes. Two premiums : $2, i.

Marrow Squashes. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Hubbard Squashes. Two premiums : i, .50.

Crookneck Squashes. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Pumpkins. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Cabbages. Two premiums: 75, .50.

Cauliflowers. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Celery. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Onions. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Turnip Beets. Two premiums: .75, .50.

English Turnips. Two premiums : .50, .25.

Tomatoes. Two premiums : .50, .25.

Field Beans. Two premiums : .50, .25.

Lima Beans. Two premiums : .50, .25.

Seed Corn, in traces. Two premiums: $1, .75.

The committee will regard perfection of growth and quality,
and not size.

PREMIUMS. 51

In addition to the above, there will be allowed, for gratuities,
ten dollars.

Of squashes, pumpkins, cabbages and celery, there should be
six specimens in each lot ; of cauliflowers, three ; of onions, beets,
turnips and tomatoes, one peck in each lot; of field beans, one-
half peck ; and of Lima beans, two quarts.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, PRESERVES
AND JELLIES.

Committee. — Mrs. E. T. Miles, Fitchburg; Mrs. Charles C.
Boyden, Leominster ; Mrs. F. W. Wright, Ashby.

Bread made by the exhibitor.
White Bread. Three premiums : $2, i, .50.
Unbolted Wheat Bread. Three premiums : $2, i, .50.
Bolted Rye Bread. Three premiums : $2, i, .50.
Rye and Indian Bread. Three premiums : $2, i, .50.

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

Lump Butter, not less than 12 lbs. Two premiums: $4, 3.
June Tub Butter, not less than 25 lbs. Two premiums : $3, 2.
Sept. " " " " " " " Two premiums : $3, 2.
Cheese, not less than 50 lbs. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.

PICKLES AND HONEY.

Pickles. Two premiums: $1, .50.

Virgin Honey in the Comb. Three premiums : $2, i, .50.

Canned Fruits, best collections. Two premiums : $2, i.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities,
ten dollars.

Competitors will be required to furnish to the Secretary, a de-
tailed statement in writing, of the process of manufacturing but-
ter, cheese and pickles ; and no others shall be considered.

52 PREMIUMS.

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

CoMjnittee. — John Q. Wright, Fitchburg ; Charles L. Joslin,
Leominster; Artemas Merriam, Westminster.

Specimens exhibited must be manufactured by the competitor.

For the best specimens of manufactured articles, exclusive of
ladies' home manufacture, actually produced by the exhibitor,
there will be placed at the disposal of the committee, the sum of
one hundred dollars.

For the best exhibition of manufactured articles, not actually
the product of the exhibitor, there will be placed at the disposal
of the committee, the sum of fifty dollars.

FINE ARTS.

Committee. — Miss Myra B. Richardson, Fitchburg ] Miss M,
J. Miles, Westminster; Miss Ella Norcross, Fitchburg.

Best collections by a Photographic Artist. Two premiums : $2, i.
Oil Paintings. Two premiums: $2,1.
Best Crayon Drawings. Two premiums : $1.50, i.
Pencil Drawings. Two premiums : $1, .50.
Best specimen of Penmanship by a non-professional. One pre-
mium : $ .50.

In addition there will be placed at the disposal of the commit-
tee, for gratuities, the sum of ten dollars.

Specimens exhibited must be actually executed by the com-
petitor.

FANCY ARTICLES.

Committee, — Mrs. Jabez Fisher, Miss Louise M. Haskell, Mrs.
L. H. Bradford, Fitchburg.

PREMIUMS. 53

For the best specimens of Ladies' Useful and Fancy Articles
of their own manufacture, including specimens of nice mending
and darning, there will placed at the disposal of the committee,
the sum of thirty dollars.

COMMITTEES' REPORTS.

Committee, — The President, Vice Presidents and Secretary.

For the purpose of inducing the chairmen of the several com-
mittees to take upon themselves more labor and care in elaborat-
ing their reports, the following premiums will be paid : $io, 6, 4,

Detailed reports in connection with awards (except on Grain
and Root Crops), must be delivered to the Secretary on or before
November ist.

PROSPECTIVE EXPERIMENTS.

. FOREST TREES.

Committee. — W. B. Hosmer, George Merriam, Leominster;
J. P. Putnam, Fitchburg.

For the best plantation of any kind of Forest Trees, suitable for
fuel or timber, raised from the seed, not less than five hundred in
number, which shall be in the most flourishing condition in the
fall of 1876. Two premiums: $15, 10.

Entries must be made on or before the first day of June.

COMMITTEE OF ARKANGEMENTS.

D. C. MILES, Westminster.
J. M. SAWTELL, Fitchburg.
C. C. BOYDEN, Leominster.
EDWARD B. SAWTELL, Fitchburg.
R F. WOODWARD, Fitchburg.

RULES

All teams entered for draught must be owned by the person
entering the same.

Any person competing for a premium, who shall serve on the
committee having charge of the department in which he com-
petes, shall retire from the committee while his own competition
is in question.

The several committees will not consider themselves bound by
the terms of the above offers, to award a premium for anything
which they shall deem inferior.

Any person to whom a premium shall have been awarded, in
consequence of any deception or misrepresentation used by him,
shall not only forfeit such premium, but afterward be incapable of
competing for the Society's premiums.

All persons, not members of the Society, to whom may be
awarded a premium, or premiums, amounting to five dollars or
upward, shall receive a certificate of membership for five dollars,
and the balance in cash. If the amount shall be less than five
dollars, a deduction of fifty per cent, will be made, unless the indi-
vidual chooses to make the amount up to that sum, and receive a
certificate of membership.

All premiums not demanded on or before December 25th,
will revert to the Society.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOE 1875,

Elected at the Annual Meeting, December 2d, 1874.

D. C. MILES, of Westminster, President.

J. M. SAWTELL, of Fitchburg, ) ^. p,,^,i^,,,i,

C. C. BOYDEN, of Leominster, ] ^''' ^^^'^aents.

EDW. B. SAWTELL, of Fitchburg, Sec'y and Treasurer.

TRUSTEES.

O. Whitney, Ashburnham,
Joel Hayward, Ashby,
Cecil F. Hayward, Ashby,
S. W. A. Stevens, Gardner,
S. F. Whitney, Harvard,
W. B. HosMER, Leominster,
F. W. Whitney, "

Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg,
J. F. Brown, "

Alfred Whiting, Oakdale,
N. B. Reed, Princeton,
A. Stockwell, Royalston,
J. O. Parker, Shirley,
F. Nourse, Sterling,
W. SiMONDS, Templeton,
Edward Bacon, Westminster,

Reuben Vose, Winchendon.
Joseph Cushing, Fitchburg.

Jabez Fisher, "

Abel Marshall, "

Joel Page, "

Lyman Patch, "

E. T. Miles, "

Wm. Woodbury, "

Chas. Brigham, "

E. D. Works, "
John F. Haskins, "
Chas. Fessenden, "
J. Q. Wright, "
L. Aldrich, "
Stephen Shepley, "

F. F. Woodward, "

STEPHEN' SHEPLEY, of Fitchburg, elected Member of
the State Board of Agriculture, December 2d, 1874, for three
years.

TRANSACT IONS

OF THE

WORCESTER NORTH

GRICULTURAL SOCIETY

FOR THE YEAR 187S,

TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS FOR 1876.

FITCHBURG:

PRINTED AT 'IHE OFFICE OF J. L. PIPER, DAY STREET
1875.

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

The Twenty-third Annual Exhibition was held on the
grounds of the Society, on Tuesday, September 28th.

The weather — always a matter of the first consideration in
Agricultural Exhibitions and reports — added largely to the num-
ber of false prophets, and veterans of many Cattle Shows rely-
ing upon the unvarying experience of many years, were suddenly
stripped of their hard-earned reputation for periodical wisdom,
by as pleasant a day as the most earnest friend of the Society
could desire.

At 9 o'clock, and first in the order of exercises, was the
ploughing match, revived after several years neglect, and it is
desirable that it be continued annually hereafter, if the credita-
ble performance of this year is to be the standard. This was fol-
lowed by the trials of working oxen and steers, which proved
worthily interesting, both from the large number of entries and
the skill displayed in the management of the teams. The exhi-
bitions of gentlemen's driving horses, family horses and matched
driving horses, were of the usual degree of excellence, and that
of town teams was good, but that it was so small is far from
creditable to Worcester North. No society in the Common-
wealth can excel the display that can be made in this branch by
the farmers and stock raisers of this part of Worcester County,
if only a respectable degree of interest be manifested.

His Excellency, Governor Gaston, arrived on the grounds
at about i o'clock, and soon after a procession was formed and
marched to the hall, where dinner was served, after an invo-
cation of the Divine blessing by the Rev. I. R. Wheelock.
The more pressing material demands were fully supplied by

4 SECRETARY'S REPORT.

caterer Dana L. Fuller, and after the tables were cleared, Presi-
dent Miles called the assembly to order, and congratulated the
Society upon the success of the exhibition. A quartette com-
posed of Messrs. Bailey, Clark, Mather and Thurston, followed
with a song, and the hearty applause of the audience showed
their appreciation of good music. The President then intro-
duced His Excellency, the Governor, who delivered a pertinent
and practical address upon the importance of Agricultural Socie-
ties and Exhibitions. President Chadbourne of Williams Col-
lege, delegate from the State Board of Agriculture, next spoke
pleasantly and profitably upon the value of the farming interests
of New England, and compared the agriculture of olden times
with that of the present. Col. Ivers Phillips, the first President
of the Society, followed with congratulatory remarks, and His
Honor, Mayor Miles, spoke briefly of the success of the . day
and hopefully of the future of the Society, and closed by ex-
tending a cordial invitation to all to meet the Governor at his
house in the evening.

In the various departments the Exhibition was interesting,
and especially in the show of neat stock was superior as usual.
Among the entries of Thorough-breds, were the Ayrshires of
Mayor Miles, the Jerseys of J. F. Brown of Lunenburg, the
Devons of N. B, Reed of Princeton, and single animals by Joel
Page and William Burke of Fitchburg, and T. S. Wood of West-
minster. The herd of Durhams of Messrs. A. & E. Whitman,
entered for exhibition only, was as usual, of the highest merit.
Entries of milch kine were more numerous than usual, and
among others was noticeable the stock of Stillman Stone of
Lunenburg, N. B. Reed of Princeton, Liberty Wellington of
Ashby, Stephen Shepley, Edwin Richardson and A. B. Damon
of Fitchburg, The display of fat cattle was better than for sev-
eral years past, and the class of working oxen and steers was
well filled. The show of poultry has never been equaled at any
previous exhibition of the Society, and was not surpassed by any
in New England during the present year. Entries of horses
were numerous and satisfactory, and the show of swine was
much superior to that of last year. In the Hall, the entries
showed a large increase over last year, especially in the depart-
ment of manufactured articles, which was very well filled, and
that of fine arts.

secretary's report. 5

In the afternoon, came a very successful exhibition of trot-
ting horses for premiums offered by the Society. The entries
were confined to animals owned by members of the Society, and
the interest in this portion of the exercises was manifestly in-
creased by this limitation. The " Horse Trot " has now come
to be recognized as an indispensable part of the programme of
Agricultural Exhibitions, and the statement in the report of last
year that " no Agricultural Society in New England has been
without its horse trot the present season " may be repeated this
year, although a few societies still oppose what was at first con-
sidered an unwarranted innovation. The amount of premiums,
according to the last State report, awarded and paid out by the
Agricultural Societies of Massachusetts to trotting horses exceed-
ed in amount the premiums paid out in any other department ex-
cept live stock, and of the thirty-one societies in the state,
twenty-three awarded and paid out over twelve thousand dollars.

Premiums were also offered for horses driven by ladies and
skill in horsemanship, with very satisfactory results ; and a fine
exhibition of the national game by the Rollstones of this city
and the Lowells of Lowell, was one of the chief attractions of
the day.

The exhibition this year was in every particular a decided
success. This result is to be attributed to the interest shown by
the citizens of Fitchburg and the members of the Society, the
reduced price of admission, and the pleasant weather. For the
first, the Society is largely indebted to the efforts made by the
Board of Trade of Fitchburg. By means of frequent discus-
sions of the Society's affairs at the monthly meetings of the
Board, and the interest excited by the influence of its members,
the " Worcester North " has again taken its place among the
living institutions of the city, and it is certain that future exhibi-
tions will be more successful than the last one, if only this re-
newed interest is maintained.

Much of the success of an exhibition of this nature de-
pends upon the promptness with which the various parts of the
programme are carried out, and the good order maintained. In
these particulars, the result was especially satisfactory, and great
credit therefor is due to Capt. E. T. Hayward, chief marshal, and
his efficient aids. With a longer programme than ever before,
and the largest crowd ever upon the grounds at one time, every

b REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

exercise took place at the hour advertised, and not a single dis-
turbance occurred to interfere with the pleasure of the day.

The thanks of the Society are also due Miss Hattie E.
Miles, who, this year as for several years past, has given her ser-
vices gratuitously in the arrangement and designation of articles
in the Hall and in clerical work. To the Secretary especially,
her aid and that of her assistants have been invaluable. Presi-
dent Miles has also labored constantly in behalf of the Society,
and to much purpose as the result shows. The Society is in-
debted also to Mr. C. B. Dennis, superintendent of the Hall,
Mr. Elliot L. Caldwell, Chief of Police Kimball and the mem-
bers of the police force, and the Rollstone Base Ball Nine for
their efforts to make the exhibition successful.

Edw. B. Sawtell, Secretary.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES,

THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.
The committee award the following premiums :

AYRSHIRES— HERDS.
E. T. Miles, ist premium, $6 oo

BULLS, TWO YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

E. T. Miles, ist prem., 5 00

" 2d prem., 3 00

CALVES.

E. T. Miles, ist prem., 4 00

"' 2d prem., 2 00

COWS, FOUR YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

E. T. Miles, ist prem., 3 00

" 2d prem., 2 00

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

CALVES, UNDER ONE YEAR.

E. T. Miles, ist premium, $i 50

" 2d prem., i 00

JERSEYS— HERDS.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 6 00

BULLS, TWO YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 5 00

BULLS, ONE YEAR OLD AND UNDER TWO.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 4 00

T. S. Wood, 2d prem., 2 00

COWS, FOUR YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 3 00

" 2d prem., 2 00

COWS, THREE YEARS OLD AND UNDER FOUR.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 2 50

" 2d prem., 2 00

COWS, TWO YEARS OLD AND UNDER THREE.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., 2 00

" 2d prem., i 50

COWS, ONE YEAR OLD AND UNDER TWO.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., I 50

" 2d prem., i 00

CALVES, UNDER ONE YEAR.

J. F. Brown, ist prem., i 50

" 2d prem., , i 00

DEVON S— BULLS, TWO YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.

N. B. Reed, ist prem., 5 00

CALVES.

N. B. Reed, ist prem., 4 00

O REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

COWS, F(3UR YEARS OLD AND UPWARDS.
N. B. Reed, ist premium, $3 00

The committee regret that the splendid herd of Messrs. A.
& E. Whitman was not entered for premimns. Their Durhams
never looked better, and the Messrs. Whitman deserve the
thanks of the Society for adding their stock to the exhibition.

The committee found an Ayrshire cow and calf, very fine
animals. Not being able to award them premiums as they were
not entered in accordance with the rules of the Society, we re-
commend a gratuity of two dollars each. Also the committee
found a Dutch cow, belonging to C. A. Phillips, but in the ab-
sence of a pedigree could not award a premium but recommend
a gratuity of two dollars.

Edwin D. Works, Chairman.

ANIMALS FOR EXHIBITION.

YEARLING HEIFER.
A. P. Goodrich, gratuity,

E. D. Works, Chairman.

STOCK NOT THOROUGH BRED— MILCH KINE.

The committee award the following premiums :

REST HERD— COWS FOR MILK.

Joel Page, ist premium, I5 00

Stillman Stone, 2d prem., 3 50

SINGLE COW FOR BUTTER.

Liberty Wellington, ist prem., 2 50

Edwin Richardson, 2d prem., 2 00

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

singlp: cow for milk.

Edwin Richardson, ist premium, $2 50

C. A. Phillips, 2d prem., 2 00

HEIFERS, THREE YEARS OLD FOR BUTTER.
Jacob Haskell, ist prem., 2 50

HEIFERS, THREE YEARS OLD FOR MILK.

Stephen Shepley, ist prem., 2 50

Edwin Richardson, 2d prem., 2 00

HERD— FOUR COWS.
Liberty Wellington, gratuity, 3 00

COW FOR MILK.
A. B. Damon, gratuity, 2 00

Stillman Stone, for the Com^nittee.

Statement of Liberty Welli7igton of Ashby.

I enter a herd of four cows for milk. No. i, 10 years old,
calved in June, 1875. ^^"^^ g2i\^ from June 20th to Sept. 20th,
3439 lbs. of milk, equal to 38 ^^^ lbs. per day. No. 2, calved in
January, 1875 ; No. 3 calved in February, 1875 i they gave in the
month of May, 1956 lbs. of milk, equal to 275^ per day. No.
2 is 8 years old. No. 2 gave in one week, commencing July 18,
213 lbs. of milk, equal to 30 3-7 lbs. per day. No. 3 gave in
one week commencing July 18, 183 lbs., equal to 26 1-7 lbs. per
day. No. 3 is 6 years old. No. 4 is 3 years old, and calved in
June 1875. She gave from June 27th to Sept. 20th, 2280 lbs. of
milk, equal to 26 7-10 per day. I also enter No. i and 4 for
butter. No. i made 12^ lbs. of butter in one week, commenc-
ing June 20th, and 9^ lbs. in one week, commencing Sept. 5th.
No. 4 heifer made 9 lbs. in one week, commencing June 27th,
and 7^ lbs. in one week, commencing Sept. 12 th. Feed, pas-
turing with three pints of Indian meal and three quarts shorts
daily. I enter No. i as single cow for milk. I enter No. 4 as
heifer for milk.

10

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES.
HEIFERS, TWO YEARS OLD.

N. B. Reed, ist premium,
" 2d prem.,

YEARLINGS.

Stillman Stone, ist prem.,
N. B. Reed, 2d prem.,

A. S. Jefts, ist prem.,
T, S. Wood, 2d prem..

CALVES.

$2

00

I

50

I

50

I

00

2 00
I 50

Theodore Wood, /ar the Committee.

YEARLING STEERS, STEER CALVES AND PENS OF

CALVES.

STEER CALVES.

$3 00

A. Russell, ist premium,

PENS OF CALVES.
T. D, Wood, ist prem., 5 00

Abel Marshall, C/iairman.

Statement of T. Dwight Wood.

These seven calves of Jersey and Native breeds were al-
lowed to suck from two to five days, then fed with new milk
about the same time, then gradually put to skimmed milk and
wheat meal gruel, using a small quantity of meal at first, increas-
ing to one quart each per day, and substituting hay-tea for milk,
weaning at from three to five months old, according to the time
in the season.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 11

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

WORKING OXEN.

N. B. Reed, ist premium, $2 oo

Joseph Gushing, 2d prem., ^ 00

STEERS, THREE YEARS OLD.
N. B. Reed, ist prem., 2 50

BEST MINOR TEAMSTER.
R. W. Robinson, ist prem., 2 00

There were eight pairs of working oxen that were entered
and competed for the premiums ; there was but one pair of work-
ing steers, and but one minor ox teamster. We would say that
the oxen all did their work well and were a credit to the owners,
and we were highly gratified to see that the use of the goad and
whip was in a measure abandoned, the practice of beating and
pounding oxen to make them draw or back cannot be too highly
censured. The one pair of working steers which were present-
ed did credit to the owner as a good trainer, a good feeder, and
a man who knows what a good fashioned steer is, and we were
unanimous that they were hard to beat and deserving the pre-
miums we gave them. The minor ox teamster did his work well
and your committee were glad to see one young man who was
willing to come forward and try, and have it said that he was the
best ox driver ; we hope that at our next annual Show, every pair
of working oxen and steers will have a minor teamster, for we
consider it a more honorable occupation for a stalwart young
man than measuring off quality and tape to the ladies, or weigh-
ing sugar and codfish in a grocery.

William Woodbury, for the Committee.

FAT CATTLE.

The committee report :

OXEN.

E. T. Miles, ist premium, $4 00

Joseph Gushing, 2d prem., 2 50

12 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

COWS.
John Lowe, ist premium, $3 00

HEIFER.
N. B. Reed, ist prem., 3 00

STEERS.
N. B. Reed, ist prem., 3 00

John Lowe, for the Committee.

SWINE.

BOARS, MORE THAN ONE YEAR OLD.
Joseph Gushing, ist premium, $2 00

BOARS, LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD.
Lyman Nichols, ist prem., 150

BEST FAT HOG. .

E. T. Miles, ist prem,, 4 00

A. S. Jefts, 2d prem., 2 00

PIGS.

Lyman Nichols, ist prem., 2 00

BREEDING SOWS.
Lyman Nichols, ist prem., 4 00

WEANED PIGS.

Lyman Nichols, ist prem., 2 00

Joseph Gushing, for the Committee.

POULTRY.

BRAHMAS.

J. A. Marshall, ist premium, $1 00

E. T. Miles, 2d prem., r 50

REPORTS OF COMMITTKESi^'

WHITE leghorns! ^^ Ol Rl

Lyman Nichols, ist premium,
J. Edward Putnam, 2d prem.,

S. S. HAMBURGH.
S. Bascomb, ist prem., i 00

BOLTON GREYS.

John F. Brown, 2d prem., 50

TURKEYS.

Lyman Nichols, ist prem,, i 50

A. S. Jefts, 2d prem., i 00

DUCKS.

Lyman Nichols, ist prem., i 50

J. H. Farnum, /or the ComjJiiffee.

TOWN TEAMS.

The only entry was that of three yokes of oxen by Joseph
Cushing, in behalf of Fitchburg, and the committee recommend
a gratuity of ten dollars.

Abel Marshall, for the Committee.

HORSES.
GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES— SINGLE.

The promptness with which the Committee on horses in this
class responded to the programme, and the equal punctuality
with which the owners with their horses appeared upon the
track, at the call of the marshal in charge, Mr. Y. W. Wright,
was commendable, and doubtless fully appreciated by the mar-
shal.

There were seven horses entered in this class by the own-
ers, viz : H. G. Morse, Rodney Wallace, A. O. Hitchcock, Geo.

14 ■ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

E. Goodrich and Geo. Jewett of Fitchburg, G. P. Hawkins and
M. S. Heath of Lunenburg ; all of which appeared at the Judge's
stand on the track, at the call of the bell, except A. O. Hitch-
cock's.

While your committee do not wish to be understood that
they considered these six horses, as gentlemen's driving horses,
superior to scores of others within the limits of this society,
still thsy believe that they are legitiinitely and properly entered
in the class of gentlemen's driving horses.

There is a distinction to be made, (in the minds of 3^0 ur
committee, at least, ) between a gentleman's and a family driv-
ing horses.

This distinction is made in the offer for premiums by the
society, in as much as speed is to be considered in the one case,
while it is not mentioned in the other, and is patent to all horse-
men of much experience.

The horses were started from the Judge's stand, and each
made his mile by going twice around the track, all showing fair
speed, and for the most part adhering to a steady gait and trot.

No time was taken, hence none can be reported.

After examination and comparison of notes, the committee
unanimously award the premiums as follows :

Rodney Wallace, ist premium, $6 00

Geo. E. Goodrich, 2d prem., 4 00

H. G. Morse, 3d prem., 3 00

G. P. Hawkins, 4th prem., 2 00

All of which is respectfully submitted by the Committee.

Eugene T. Miles, Chairman.

MATCHED DRIVING AND FAMILY HORSES— SINGLE.

When the call was made for horses in these two classes,
none of the committee originally appointed by the trustees were
upon the grounds ( one of the number, Mr. L. N. Smith of
Baldwinville, 'having deceased since his appointment), and the
Marshal in charge selected the following named gentlemen to
act as committee, viz : Eugene T. Miles, Rodney Wallace and
J. H. Lockey, and they beg leave to report :

REPORTS OF COMMITTKKS. \,')

There were four entries in the class of matched driving
horses, made by the following named gentlemen, viz : H. G.
Morse, George H. Manchester, Jos. W. Palmer of Fitchburg,
and J. F. Brown of Lunenburg.

All appeared promptly at the call, except Mr. Brown, who
having exhibited in the immediately preceding class, necessarily
required some little time to arrange his double team.

The horses were shown upon the track, making from one-
half to a full mile. By a rule of the Society, the committees
are not bound to award a premium for anything which they shall
deem inferior.

Had your committee adhered to this rule, their judgment
would have been to award only the third and fourth premiums,
and one pair would not have been considered in any sense as
Matched Driving Horses — owing to their weight, movement and
action, but as unusual exertions were made to induce our people
to exhibit this year, in the hope of instilling new life and inter-
est in the society and its exhibitions, and ns the total amount of
the four premiums is only fifteen ( $15 ) dollars, your committee
feel that the non-observance of this rule will not be detrimental
to the interests of the society, they therefore make the following
awards :

J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, ist premium, $6 00

H. G. Morse, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 4 00

Geo. H. Manchester, Fitchburg, 3d prem., 3 00

Jos. W. Palmer, Fitchburg, 4th prem., 2 00

PWMILV HORSES.

It is to be regretted that out of the large number of horses
owned within the limits of this society, properly eligible in this
class, the large number of visitors to this exhibition should be
treated to so poor a show as to numbers as was the case here.

Only four entries were found upon the books, and they
were responded to promptly at the call.

These entries were made by the following named gentle-
men : Geo. E. Goodrich, Geo. R. Wallace, and H. F. Coggshall
of Fitchburg, and J. F. Brown of Lunenburg.

16 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

After reasonable exercise on the track the awards were
made as follows :

Geo. E. Goodrich, Fitchburg, ist premium, * $6 oo

Geo. R. Wallace, Fitchburg, 2d prem., 4 00

J. F. Brown, Lunenburg, 3d prem., 3 00

H. F. Coggshall, Fitchburg, 4th prem., 2 00

In this case the committee ignored the rule referred to in
the report on Matched Driving Horses.

It is hoped that at the next exhibition of this society, the
committee, whoever they may be, may have the opportunity and
pleasure to exercise their judgment upon a much larger number
of family horses, than has fallen to the lot of the present com-
mittee.

It is hardly necessary to add that entire unanimity prevail-
ed with the committee in making these awards.

Respectfully submitted in behalf of the committee.

Eugene T. Miles, Chairman.

COLTS.
STALLIONS, THREE YEARS OLD.
Joseph Marshall, ist premium, $5 00

GELDINGS, THREE YEARS OLD.
Abel S. Farwell, ist prem., • 5 00

FILLIES, THREE YEARS OLD.
F. L. Boutelle, ist prem., 5 00

GELDINGS, TWO YEARS OLD.
Joseph Marshall, 2d prem., i 50

FILLIES, TWO YEARS OLD.
Joseph Marshall, ist prem., 3 00

REPORTS OF COiMMITTEES. 17

YEARLINCiS.
H, B. Fuller, ist premium, ^2 50

C. H. Brown, /or the Committee.

STALLIONS, MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

STALLIONS.
Joseph Marshall, 2d premium, ^^ 00

BREEDING MARES.

Edwin Richardson, ist prem., 4 00

D. W. Pratt, 2d prem., 2 50

COLTS, LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD.

Edwin Richardson, ist prem., 2 00

D. W. Pratt, 2d prem., i cq

Ohio Whitney, for the Committee.

PLOUGHING MATCHES.

HORSE TEA^LS.
Joel Page, ist premium, ;^2 00

But one team was entered, that of Joel Page of Fitchburg,
with No. 24 Hakes Plough, and the Committee are unanimous
in the opinion that he deserves the first premium.

Stephen Shepley, for the Committee.

OX TEA.\LS.

The committee award :

Joseph Gushing, ist prem., 5 00

W. H. Fuller, 2d prem., 3 00

N. B. Reed, gratuity, ( recommended ) 3 00

W. ]]. Wo^^w.R, for t/ie Cojmiiittee.

18 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

HORSE TROT.

Open to horses owned by members of the Society and that
have never trotted for a purse :

H. G. Morse, ist preniimn, $25 00

M. S. Heath, 2d prem., 15 00

G. P. Hawkins, 3d prem., 10 00

Best time, 3:12,

Edw. B. Sawtell, for the Committee.

SLOW TROTTING HORSES.

Thomas Upton, ist premium, $15 00

H. F. Coo:o:shall, ) , /j- -j j\

F. C. Currier, \ ^^ P"'^'"- ( ^'"^^^ > '° °°

Worst time, one-half mile, 1 1 min. 39 sec.

LADIES' DRIVING HORSES.

Mrs. Geo. E. Goodrich, ist premium, $8 00

Mrs. Wm. Tamplin, 2d prem., 5 00

A. L. BuRDiTT, for the Committee.

LADIES' SADDLE HORSES.

Miss Annie Miles, ist premium, $8 00

Miss F. E. Kimball, 2d prem., 5 00

A. L. BuRDiTT, for the Committee.

FOOT RACE— HALF MILE.

V. J. Sullivan, ist premium, $6 00

Time, 2 min. 15 sec.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 19

SACK RACK
Thomas McCoy, ist premium, $6 oo

S, J. M. Weston, for the Committee,

CROPS.
GRAIN.

The Committee of the Worcester North Agricultural Socie-
ty, appointed to award premiums on grain, make the following
report :

That no field crops were entered for premiums. Whether
the financial condition of the Society was the cause of this ne-
glect, your committee have not been able to report ; but would
here observe, that the grain crop sounds the key-note to our
prosperity, that and the grass crop furnish us with the Staff of
Life, and ought not to be ignored at our fairs.

This neglect was partly atoned for in the grand display of
specimens of grain exhibited in the Hall, as follows :

Two traces of the celebrated Carter corn by Chas. C. Boy-
den of Leominster, were on exhibition ; this prolific variety has
heretofore received a premium for more than one hundred bush-
els of dry shelled corn to the acre.

Another trace of beautiful seed corn was exhibited by Still-
man Stone of Lunenburg ; the ears were large and long, and
said to be early ; two strings and a cluster of corn by Andrew
Russell of Fitchburg ; one trace of mixed corn by Thomas Oak-
man of Fitchburg ; one handsome trace of Brown or King
Phillip corn by Franklin Nourse of Sterling ; one trace of white
sweet corn by E. T. Miles ; one trace of field corn by D. S.
Eaton ; one trace of field corn by A. W. Damon, and one trace
of field corn by A. S. Jeffts.

Your reporter exhibited half a bushel of Tappahannock
winter wheat, said to ripen a week or ten days earlier than any
other variety in the United States. Also half a bushel of white
Schooner oats, weighing 44 lbs. to the bushel. Also half a bush-

20 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

el of improved rye, nice for seed. Several other specimens were
exhibited of less note, still, aiding to complete the show.

Your committee would close by recommending more atten-
tion to the growing of Indian corn, which is a native of this
country and well adapted to develope both brain and muscle, as
well as furnishing forage for cattle, when it is properly cured.
Also the culture of rye, which coalesces so well and improves
the Brown Loaf, and the straw is worth as much as the grain,
which makes it a valuable crop.

Respectfully submitted.

Cyrus Kilburn, for the Co7nmittee.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

The committee make the following award :

APPLES.
TWELVE VARIETIES.

C. C. Boyden, ist premium, $3 oq
S. N. Bascom, 2d prem., 2 00

SIX VARIETIES.

D. S. Eaton, ist prem., 2 00

E. H. Choate, 2d prem., i 50

THREE VARIETIES.

Jabez Fisher, ist prem., i 50

D. Pratt, 2d prem., i 00

BALDWINS.

W. B. Hosmer, ist prem., i 00

C. C. Boyden, 2d prem., 50

HUBBARDSTON NONESUCH.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., i 00

D. S. Eaton, 2d prem., 50

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 21

RHODE ISLAND GREENINGS.

C. C. Boyden, ist premium, $i oo

W. B. Hosmer, 2cl prem., 50

ROXBURY RUSSETTS.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., i oo

W. B. Hosmer, 2d prem., 50

PALMER GREENINGS.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., i 00

M. S. Heath, 2d prem., 50

GRAVENSTEIN.

C. H. Colburn, ist prem., i 00

A. S. Jeffts, 2d prem., 50

H. H. Brigham, gratuity, 50

Thomas Upton, gratuity, 50

S. Shepley, gratuity, 50

Thomas Palmer, gratuity, 50

PEACHES.

BEST COLLECTION.

M. S. Heath, ist pfemium, $3 00

BEST DISH.

W. Wyman, ist prem., 2 00

J. M. Twichell, 2d prem., i 00

Walter Heywood, gratuity, i 00

S. H. Bascom, gratuity, i 00

S. Stone, gratuity, i 00

F. C. Currier, gratuity, 50

J. A. Marshall, gratuity, . 50

PI,UMS.
J. Haskell, ist premium, $1 00

Jabez Fisher, for the Co77imittee.

22 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

PEARS AND GRAPES.

The committee award as follows :

PEARS.
TWELVE VARIETIES— 5 EACH.

Geo. Jewett, ist premium,
J. M. Twichell, 2d prem.,

SIX VARIETIES— 5 EACH.

J. Fisher, ist prem..

Estate of A. Crocker, 2d prem.,

THREE VARIETIES— 5 EACH.

D. Pratt, ist prem.,
James Kane, 2d prem..

BARTLETTS— 12 SPECIMENS.

3

00

2

GO

2

GO

I

50

I

50

I

GO

E. T. Miles, ist prem., i go

C. H. Colburn, 2d prem., 50

SECKELS.

C. H. Colburn, ist prem., . i oo

Jabez Fisher, 2d prem., 50

DUCHESS.

H. H. Brigham, ist prem., i 00

LOUISE BONNE DE JERSEVS.

S. Sawyer, ist prem., i oo

A. B. H olden, 2d prem., 50

LAWRENCE.

Jabez P'isher, ist prem., i 00

Estate of A. Crocker, 2d prem., 50

BEURRE d''ANJOU.

G. B. Knowlton, ist prem., i oo

Estate of A. Crocker, 2d prem., 50

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 23

SHELDON.

Geo. Jewett, ist premium, $i oo

J. M. Twichell, 2d prem., ^o

FLEMISH BEAUTHi:S.

H. W. Nutting, I St prem., i 00

Estate of A. Crocker, 2d prem., 50

GRAPES.

BEST DLSPLAY OF NATIVES.

Jabez Fisher, ist premium,
E. T. Miles, 2d prem.,

CONCORD— SIX CLUSTERS.

Jabez Fisher, ist prem.,
E. T. Miles, 2d prem.,

DELAWARE— SIX CLUSTERS.

Jabez Fisher, ist prem.,
E. T. Miles, 2d prem.,

FOREIGN GRAPES.
E. T. Miles, gratuity, 5 00

EsTABROOK Moore, /or the Cominittee.

$s

00

3

00

I

00

50

I

00

50

ASSORTED FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

The committee report as follows :

J. M. Sawtell, ist premium, $2 00

J. M. Sawtell, 2d prem., best 3 plants in pots, 2 00

CUT FLOWERS.

M. E. Fiske, ist prem., 2 00

J. M. Sawtell, 2d prem., best 5 named asters, i 00

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., best 5 named dahlias, 2 00

J. M. Sawtell, ist prem., best 5 named verbenas, 2 00

24 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

CUT FLOWERS— CONTINUED.

J. M. Sawtell, ist premium, best pair parlor bouquets, $2 oo

M. E. Fiske, 2d prem., " " " i 00

Ernest Brown, boxcomb plants, gratuity, 25

Mrs. E. P. Withington, cotton plant, gratuity, 75

Benj. S afford, wild flowers, 50

W. J. Clifford, bouquet, 50

Mrs. N. H. Damon, bouquet, 25

Mrs. J. A. Battles, dried flowers, 25

Mrs. Nancy Snow, 3 bouquets, 25

M. E. Fiske, variety of pansies, 50

M. E. Fiske, variety of Petunias, 25

J. M. Sawtell, variety of fuschias, 25

Alice Shepley, for the Committee.

VEGETABLES.

BEST COLLECTION KITCHEN VEGETABLES.
E. T. Miles, ist premium, $4 00

MARROW SQUASHES.

Stillman Stone, ist prem., i 00

A. P. Goodridge, 2d prem., 50

HUBBARD SQUASHES.

E. T. Miles, ist prem., 1 00

Thomas Oakman, 2d prem., 50

PUMPKINS.

J. A. Marshall, ist prem. 75

"C. H. Stockwell, 2d prem., 50

ONIONS.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., 75

TURNIP BEETS.

E. T. Miles, ist prem. 75

TOMATOES.

Sylvanus Sawyer, ist prem., 50

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 25

FIELD BEANS.

S. M. Bascom, ist premium, ^o

SEED CORN.

C. C. Boyden, ist prem., $i oo

Stillman Stone, 2cl prem., 75

GRATUITIES.

E. H. Choate, kitchen vegetables, i 00

Sylvanus Sawyer, " " i 00

Abel Marshall, " " 50

E. H. Choate, pumpkin, 25
S. M. Dole, Hubbard squashes, • 50

S. Fergerson, a u 2^

Abel Marshall, " " 25

Sylvanus Sawyer, " " 50

E. T. Miles, " " weight 152^^ lbs., 50

M. Pond, " " 50

E. T. Burnap, potatoes, 75

F. Nourse, seed corn, 50
A. S. Jeffts, " " 50

Thomas Upton, /or the Committee.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, &C.

The committee award as follows :

WHITE BREAD.

Miss Mary Sullivan, ist premium,
Mrs. S. M. Pierce, 2d prem..
Miss Mary A. Skeehan, 3d prem.,

UNBOLTED WHEAT BREAD.

Miss Mary A. Skeehan, gratuity,
Mrs. Josiah Stratton, gratuity,

RYE AND INDIAN BREAD.

Miss Mary Atherton, ist prem.,

Willie S. Marshall, (age 11 years,) 2d prem.,

Mrs. S. M. Pierce, 3d prem.,

.2

GO

I

CO

50

75

25

2

00

I

GO

50

26 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

LUMP BUTTER.

S. S. Wood, ist premium, $4 oo

Franklin Nourse, 2d prem., 3 00

Mrs. T. D. Wood, gratuity, i 50

Thomas Oakman, gratuity, i 00

JUNE TUB BUTTER.
T. S. Wood, I St prem., 3 00

CHEESE.
Mrs. T..D. Wood, ist prem., 2 00

CANNED FRUITS.

Miss Clara Marshall, gratuity, i 00

C. W. Babbitt, gratuity, i 00

HONEY.

S. E. Brigham, ist prem., 2 00

A. S. Jeffts, 2d prem., i 00

PICKLES.
Mrs. Nancy Snow, ist prem., i 00

JELLIES.

Mrs. Nancy Snow, gratuity, i 00

Mrs. Daniel Pratt, gratuity, 25

Mrs. E. T. Miles, /or f/ie Committee.

State77ient of T. S. Wood.

The butter I exhibit was made from a daiiy of eleven
cows, which made 400 pounds in the month of June besides
supplying two large families with milk. Set milk in shallow
pans, about thirty-six hours ; cream churned at a temperature
from 54 to 56 degrees in hot weather, and from 60 to 62 degrees
in cool weather.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 27

Statement of Franklin Nourse.

This box of butter, I offer for premium, was made from a
herd of ten cows, composed of Jerseys, Ayrshires and high grades.
The milk while warm from the cows is strained in common tin
pans, and set in a cool, well-ventilated milk-room, upon slats in-
stead of board shelves, there remaining from thirty to thirty-six
hours according to weather. Then taken off, put into stone jars,
stirring each time as new cream is added. Churn twice a week
in a rotary churn. After butter has come, it is taken out and
partially worked and salted, i)4 ounce to the pound, and after a
suitable time it is again thoroughly worked^ weighed and lumped.
I do not believe in adulterating butter with sugar as is the prac-
tice of some who make their cows feed in low marsh ground.
All that is wanting to ensure good butter is to turn the cows on
to a sweet hill pasture where there is plenty of feed.

Statement of T. S. Wood.

The milk stands in tin pans from twenty-four to thirty-six
hours in a cool place ; churn every four or five days ; use salt
about one ounce per pound.

Statement of Mrs. T. D. Wood.

The process of making this new milk cheese is as follows :
skim the night's milk ; warm the milk ; then add the cream to the
warm milk ; when well stirred put the morning's milk to it, using
rennet enough to form the curd ; drip off the whey, and when
sufficiently hard cut the curd fine ; salt with the best butter salt,
using a dessert spoonful to a pailful of milk. Press from thirty-
six to forty-eight hours, turning three or four times while press-
ing, then remove to a suitable shelf, turned daily, applying butter.

FINE ARTS.

The committee award :

OIL PAINTINGS.

Miss Addie R. Sawyer, ist premium, $2 00

Mrs. C. A. Wheeler, 2d prem., i 00

28 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

CRAYON DRAWINGS.

Miss Addie R. Sawyer, ist premium, $i 50

Wm. B. Bennett, 2d prem., i 00

PENCIL DRAWINGS.

Mrs. J. A. Battles, ist prem., i 00

Miss Emma Palmer, 2d prem., . 50

PENxMANSHIP.

Fred S. Stimpson, ist prem., 50

GRATUITIES.

Mrs. Ellen F. Reed, crayon portrait, 75

Mrs. H. P. Tyrrell, " 25

Miss E. May Caldwell, charcoal drawings, i 50

Miss Addie K. Sawyer, i 75

Mrs. J. A. Battles, 50

W. B. Bennett, i 25

Miss Emma F. Kimball, 50

George Wilson, architectural drawings, 75

Mrs. C. A. Wheeler, 50

Mrs. Smith, pressed ferns, 50

Miss Emma Palmer, drawings, 25

C. J. Becker, penmanship, 35

Ella Norcross, for the Committee.

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

Herbert O. Morse, sewing machine,

E. B. Sears, gentlemen's furnishing goods,

W. A. Dunn, family sewing machine,

E. P. Kittredge, clothing and custon made shirts,

Rockwell & Phillips, worsted coatings and suitings,

Charles Bowker, carpet sweeper,

H. A. Spooner, street lantern and hitching post,

Rollstone Machine Works, meat chopper and apple parer,

Wilbur F, Morse, toy chamber set,

Stratton Bros. & Hill, chamber sets,

W. H. Jewett & Co., rosewood piano,

Chas. Fessenden, four harnesses,

S. G. Frost, three harnesses,

Chas. Fessenden, Concord wagon.

$4

GO

5

GO

2

GG

5

00

6

GG

I

GG

2

GG

I

50

2

50

10

GG

7

GG

5

GG

4

GG

3

GG

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 29
MANUFACTURED ARTICLES— CONTINUED.

S. G. Frost, agent, box wagon, $4 00

Geo. Robbins & Co., four stoves, 5 00

Geo. B. Knowlton, stoves and pressed tin, 5 00

J. K. P. Wood, parlor furniture, 7 00

Haskins Machine Co., portable steam engine, 5 00

New England Machine Co., plainer chuck, i 00

M. T. Morse, brackets, i 50

E. M. Dickinson &: Co., shoes, 2 00

B. W. Eddv & Co., pens and stationery, 2 00

C. S. Keith, " " 2 00
J. P. Lockey, ladies' back combs, 3 00
Standard Laundry Machine Co., power washer, No. i, 5 00

" No. 2, 3 00

" hand No. 4, 2 00

" " No. 5, I 00

wringer No. 4, 2 00

" No. 5, I 00

J. T. Ellsworth, oscillating churn, 3 00

Buckeye Machine Co., New Model Buckeve Mower No. 2, 6 00

" No. 3, 3 00

" Hand Mangle, 3 00

" " " Cider and Wine Mill, No. i, 2 00

" No. 2, I 00

S. R. Nye, horse rake, 3 00

Waymoth & Co., field and parlor croquet set, i 00

Chas. G. Allen, Yankee Horse Rake, 4 00

Ames Plough Co., lawn mower, i 00

John Q. Wright, for the Committee,

FANCY ARTICLES.

The committee award :

Mrs. Luke Whitney, silk quilt, $1 50

Annie W. Baxter, " " i 25

Mrs. H. P. Tyrrell, " " i 00

Mrs. Eunice P. Withington, cotton quilt, i 00

Mrs. Anna Mclntire, " " 75

Mrs. Mary S. Gates, " " 50

Mrs. F. S. Bascom, " " 25

Mrs. Maxham Baker, worsted quilt, 75

Mrs. Thomas Sheehan, rug, i 00

Miss E. M. Caswell, rug, 75

30 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

FANCY ARTICLES— CONTINUED.

Mrs. Jefferson Kimball, rug, 75

Mrs. Tamor Sheldon, braided mats, 50

Mrs. B. W. West, sofa pillow, 75

Mrs. S. M. Huntley, sofa pillow, 50

Mrs. Edw. B. Sawtell, sofa pillow, 25

Mrs. Lucy Putnam, silk embroidery, 75

Mrs. A. H. Newton, " " 50

Miss Lizzie F. Coggshall, bead work, . 75

Miss Leila Goddard, toilet cushion, cScc, 50

Mrs. B. W. West, " " " 25
Mrs. J. A. Battles, wax cross, i 00

Mrs. A. H. Newton, infant's wardrobe, &c., 50

Miss Emma Goddard, toilette mats, 50

Miss Hattie E. Miles, toilette sets, 50

Miss Addie E. Stimson, " " 50

Mrs. B. W. West, bureau cover and pillow shams, • 50

Miss Myra Goddard, tidy and table cover, 50

Miss Annie R. Miles, motto, 50

Miss Marion Davis, watch case, 25

Mrs. N. S. Stimson, ottoman cover, 25

Mrs. A. H. Newton, toilette set, 25

S. H. Bascom, case of insects, 25

Miss Leila Goddard, toilette cushion, 25

Mrs. J. A. Battles, lamp mat, 25

Miss Mary E. Leonard, towel rack, 25

Miss Delia Rice, down basket, 25

Miss Cora A. Emory, rag bag, 25

Mrs. Nancy Snow, cushion, 25

Mrs. Daniel Pratt, tidy, 25

Mrs. Edw. B. Sawtell, tidy, 25

Mrs. A. A. Farnsworth, tidy, 25

Miss Clara E. Marshall, tidy, 25

Mrs. A. E. Bohannon, tidy, 25

Miss Addie Wright, tidy, 25

Miss P^mma F. Kimball, tidy, 2^

Miss Flora E. Rice, tidy, 25

Miss Mabel A. Miles, motto, 25

Miss Florence Fitts, motto, 21;

Miss Hattie E. Miles, motto, 25

Miss Mary E. Leonard, motto, 25

Miss Myra Goodrich, motto, ^ 25

Mrs. L. H. Bradford, for the Cimim'iftee.

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS. 31

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS AND GRATUITIES
AWARDED.

Amount awarded for :

Horses,

Neat Stock,

Swine,

Poultry,

Ploughing, *

Town Teams,

Fruits,

Flowers,

Vegetables,

Bread,

Butter,

Cheese,

Preserves,

Fine Arts,

Manufactured Articles,

Other Objects,

Total, $7oS 35

$183

50

144

00

17

50

8

50

16

00

10

00

71

50

17

75

20

00

8

00

12

50

2

00

1
1

75

16

35

136

50

36

5,^

ANALYSIS OF PREMIUMS.

The premiums and gratuities awarded to one hundred and
seventy persons, were distributed as follows :

Fitchburg,

Lunenburg,

Leominster,

Princeton,

Westminster,

Winchendon,

Barre,

Ashby,

Sterling,

Town send,

Gardner,

New Ipswich, N. H.,

The premiums and gratuities have been paid.

$476 85

74

25

73

50

Z?>

00

20

50

8

00

7

00

5

50

3

50

2

75

2

25

I

25

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Edw. B. Sawtell, Treasurer in account with the Worcester
North Agricultural Society :

^^74. . ...

Dec. 9, By cash paid J. L. Piper, printing,

Postal cards,
Dec. 12, D. C. Miles, cash paid out.

Premiums of 1873,
Dec. 17, Stamps and envelopes.

Clerical services.

Premiums,

Sentinel Printing Co.,

Insurance,

Cr.

Dec. 25,
Dec. 29,
Dec. 30,

1875-
Jan. I,
Jan. 8,
Jan. 13,
Jan. 20,
Feb. 20,

Stamps and envelopes,

Express,

Express,

Envelopes, wrappers and postage,

Lucius Aldrich bill.
Mar. 22, Express on State reports.
Mar. 24, J. L. Piper, paper and printing.
May 20, Note of Messrs. Cushing, Miles & Fisher,

Interest on same.

Secretary and Treasurer's past salary,

W. B. Wallis, printing,
July 3, Stratton & Spooner's bill, 1872-3,

Note of Messrs. Cushing, Fisher & Miles,

Interest on same,

L. Sprague & Co.'s bill 1873,

J. M. Peck «&: Co., use of team,

J. Cushing & Co.'s bill for 1873,

Shepley & Stearns' bill, 1873-4,

Henry F. Piper's bill 1874, printing,
bill 1875,

June I,
June 24,

July
July
July
July

7,
8,

14,

July
Aug.

19'
9.

$8

50

40

5

00

77

25

I

50

3

00

145

91

2
26

50
00

I

00

15

12

15
6q

18

21

60

II

00

7,000

00

439

41

75
6

GO
50

280

55

3,000

00

152

10

50

00

I
6

50
38

17

40

197

00

123

00

Discharge of mortgage and recording

34 treasurer's report.

Aug. i6, By cash paid J. A. Battles' bill, 1872.
Aug. 26, S. S. & G. A. Lawrence's bill, 1873,
Sept. I, Secretary and Treasurer's past salary,
Sept. 4, Writing lease,
Sept. 6, Envelopes, and stamps.

Mortgage and recording,

Blank books,
Sept. II, Fare of Secretary to Boston and back,
Sept. 14, Premiums, 1874,
Sept. 15, Premiums, 1873,
Sept. 17, Postage and envelopes,

T. C. Upton, expenses at Keene,

Premiums, 1874,
Sept. 27, Ribbon, stationery, &c.,
Sept. 29, D. L. Fuller, dinners,

C. B. Dennis, superintendent of hall,

J. D. Wyman, lal3or at grounds,

C. O. Gott,

C. A. White,

Scy West, posting bills,

L. J. Brown, cotton cloth,

Prizes, foot race,
" sack race,
" Yn slow trotting race, F. C. Currier,

G. A. Miles, services at grounds,

J. P. Cobb,

J. Kemp,
Sept. 30, Sentinel Printing Co., advertising,

J. M. Peck & Co., carriage hire,

J. L. Piper, printing bill,

G. M. Sawtell, services at grounds,

Globe Advertising Co.,

S. M. Lovering, services at grounds,

P. C. Rice, selling tickets,

Expenses, ball game, 28th,

G. Fred P. Day, selling tickets,

W. B. Kershaw, labor at grounds,
Oct. 5, M. Waite, labor at hall,

Padlock and staple,
Oct. 8, H. B. Wood, services as weigher, Sept. 28th,

Wright & Fairbanks, nails, &c.,

N. T. Dore, watchmen and board,
Oct. II, E. DeWolf & Co., dinners for Band,
Oct. 13, A. P. Goodrich, hay,
Oct. 19, H. B. Mill, services at gi'ounds,

M. Johnson, premiums, 1873,

M. Johnson, " 1874, 7 00

Oct. 20, C. C. Boyden, " 1874, 8 25

$31

50

43

37

37

50

2

00

4

15

3

00

60

3

00

35

5^

z-h

00

5

00

2

00

6

00

4

20

210

00

15

00

16

25

7

50

6

00

35

00

5

34

II

00

6

00

5

00

2

00

2

00

2

00

20

00

1 1

00

104

50

3

00

10

00

3

00

3

00

62

50

3

00

2

00

90

80

2

00

2

35

II

10

22

00

14

10

2

00

5

00

treasurer's report. 35

Oct. 22, By cash paid Piper & Boutelle, advertising, ^ii oo

Oct. 23, T- A. Battles, carriage hire, 1 1 00

Oct. 28, T. K. Ware, bill 1872, 5 00
Nov. 3, Six mos. int. on note of Dr. Fisher and others, 404 53

Part principal of " " " 400 00

Deposited in Fitchburg Savings Bank, 400 00

Nov. 5, Sentinel Printing Co., 2 00

Nov. 17, D. C. Miles, money expended, 2 00

Nov, 22, Postal cards, 8 00

Nov. 23, J. L. Piper, printing, 2 25

Nov. 27, Sentinel Printing Co., i 50

L. Sprague &: Co., 41

Nov. 30, Salary, Secretary and Treasurer, 37 50

Premiums, 365 75

Dec. I, On hand, 203 29

1874.
Dec. 3, To cash on hand,
Dec. 12, D. C. Miles, gift,

S. W. A. Stevens, gift,
Dec. 31, Guaranty fund,

1875.
Feb. 5, Edward Foley,.
May I, Guaranty fund.
May 20, Fitchburg Savings Bank,
June 5, Shattuck & Davis,
June 12, Old iron sold,
July 3, Guaranty fund,

Fitchburg Savings Bank,
Sept. 4, Shattuck & Davis,
Sept. 10, S. Shepley, tickets to Fair,
Sept. 28, Gate receipts,

Dinner tickets sold.

Use of grounds,

Horse entrance fees,
Oct. 2, Use of grounds, Sept. 28,
Oct. 8, Of State Treasurer,
Nov. 30, Memberships,

$14,350

75

Dr

$224

25

10

GO

5

00

130

00

50

80

00

7,500

00

50

00

2

00

30

00

4,500

00

75

00

12

50

S39

00

210

00

15

00

20

50

7

00

600

00

40

00

$14,350 75

PRESIDENTS, ORATORS & SECRETARIES.

PRESIDENTS :

1850-1.— ABEL F. ADAMS, Esq., Fitchburg.
1852-3.— Hon. IVERS PHILLIPS, Fitchburg.
1854-5.— Hon. MOSES WOOD, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, M. D., Fitchburg.
1858-9.— Hon. JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
1860-1.— THOMAS BILLINGS, Esq., Lunenburg.
1862-3.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Esq., Fitchburg.
1864-5.— Hon. OHIO WHITNEY, Jr., Ashburnham.

1866. —JOSEPH UPTON, Esq., Fitchburg.

1867. —JOSHUA T. EVERETT, Esq., Princeton.

1868. —EUGENE T. MILES, Esq., Fitchburg.

1869. —SAMUEL OSGOOD, Esq., Sterling.

1870. —WILLIAM WOODBURY, Fitchburg.
187 1-2.— Hon. JOHN H. LOCKEY, Leominster.
1873. —STEPHEN SHEPLEY, Fitchburg.
1874-5.— DANIEL C. MILES, Westminster.
1876. —JOHN B. PROCTOR, Fitchburg.

orators :

1850.— Hon. CHARLES HUDSON, Lexington.
1852.— THOMAS E. PAYSON, Esq., Rowley.
1853.— Rev. HORATIO STEBBINS, Fitchburg.
1854.— Gov. EMORY WASHBURN, Worcester.
1855.— Hon. NATHANIEL P. BANKS, W^altham.
1856.— CHARLES L. FLINT, Esq., Boston.
1857.— JUSTUS TOWER, Esq., Lanesborough.
1859.— Hon. GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, Groton.
i860.— Hon. GEORGE B. LORING, Salem.
1861.— Hon. a. H. BULLOCK, Worcester.
1862.— Rev. a. N. ARNOLD, D. D., Westboro.
1863.— LUTHER H. TUCKER, Esq., Albany, N. Y.

g8 LIFE MEMBERS.

1867.— GEORGE E. TOWNE, Esq., Fitchburg.
1868.— Hon. DANIEL NEEDHAM, Groton.
1869.— Hon. WILLIAM SPRAGUE, Providence.
1870.— Hon. ALVAH CROCKER, Fitchburg.
187 1.— Dr. JAMES R. NICHOLS, Boston.
1872.— Rev. C. W. EMERSON, Fitchburg-.

SECRETARIES :

1850-1.— NATHAN UPHAM, Fitchburg.

1852. —JOSEPH PIERCE, Fitchburg.

1853. —CHARLES W. WILDER, Fitchburg.
1854-5.— THOMAS R. BOUTELLE, Fitchburg.
1856-7.— JABEZ FISHER, Fitchburg.
\858-63.-WILLIAM G. WYMAN, Fitchburg.
1864. —LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1865-6.— ALVIN M. SAWYER, Fitchburg.
1867-9.— LEWIS H. BRADFORD, Fitchburg.
1870. —WALTER A. FAMES, Fitchburg.

187 1-3.— GEORGE S. HOUGHTON, Fitchburg.
^874. —FRANKLIN G. FESSENDEN, Fitchburg.
1875-6.— EDWARD B. SAWTELL, Fitchburg.

LIFE MEMBERS.

In the following list the Post Office address, when it differs
from the residence, is given in italics after the name ; * indicates
that the person has removed, but that the present residence is
unknown.

Fay, Dennis, Fitchburg
ASHBY. Foster, Jesse

Foster, Joseph
Brown, C. H. Foster, Joel

Burr, John Gates, Howard

Damon, Samuel R., Lancaster Gates, Paul
Damon, Ebenezer Hapgood, Wm. G.

Davis, John Hay ward, Homer J.

LIFE MEMBERS.

89

Hayward, Joe^
Hay ward, Paul
Hayward, Samuel
Hayward, John
Hodgman, Luther
Hubbard, Augustus
Hubbard, George B.
Johnson, William
Kendall, George
Smith, Levi
Spencer, Hobart
Wallis, Benjamin
Wallis, B. Frank, Fitchbur<^
Wellington, Liberty
Wright, Charles H.
Wright, Francis W.
Wilder, E. F.
Willard, L. B.

ASHBURNHAM.

Adams, Ivers
Barrell, Nahum
Cummings, John L.
Davis, John' C.
Eaton, N. L.
Ellis, Jr., Daniels
Green, Hosea
Harris, Humphrey, But
Houston, Horace W.
Howard, George
Howe, Addison
Howe, Perley
Marble, Warren
Maynard, Antipas
Merritt, Simeon
Russell, Ward
Russell, Franklin
Sampson, George G.
Wallace, Merrick
Wallace, F. W.
Ward, Isaac D.
Ward, Stephen
Whitney, Merrick
Whitney, Ohio
Wilker, John
Wilker, Joseph W.
Willard, Merrick

Winchester, Charles
Winchester, George C.
Woodward, John G.
Whitney, F. A.

BOSTON.

Beal, F. E. L.
Boothby, S. A.
Breck Joseph & Sons,
Comee, William W.
Farwell, Lyman
Haskins, F. W.
Lucas, Edmund G.
Proctor, D. A.
Simonds, Alvan
Tilden, W^m. P.
Whitney, Waldo F.
Whittemore, Belcher & Co.

FITCHBURG.

Aldrich, Lucius
Aldrich, Miss Mary M.
American Rattan Company,
Adams, Erastus*
Applin, Mrs. Sophia S.
Bailey, E. Foster
rageviile Baldwin, Joseph
Ball, William*
Ball, S. B.*
Barker, Lorenzo
Barker, Mrs. Lorenzo
Bascom, Silas
Battles, Oscar A.
Battles, George T.
Battles, J. Augustus
Billings, Charles J.
Billings, Mrs. Charles J.
Blood, H. A.
Boutelle, David
Boutelle, Frank L.
Boutelle, Mrs. T. R.
Bradford, Lewis H.
Bradford, Mrs. L. H.
Bradford, Miss Anna T.
Brigham, Charles
Brigham, Seth E.

40

LIFE MEMBERS.

Brown, E. A.
Brown, Mrs. Bessie M.
Brown, Charles H.
Brown, James D.*
Brown, Horace H.
Brown, L. J.

Brown, James W., Fitchhurg
Brown, 2d, John F.
Bullock, Liban*
Burnap, Edwin S.
Burnap, Samuel
Buttrick, Francis
Burleigh, Charles
Burney, John
Caldwell, Thomas C.
Carleton, Wm. A.
Caswell, Nathan
Caswell, S. Melville
Childs, S. Austin
Choate, John
Clark, R. B.
Coggshall, Henry F.
Comee, Leander P.
Comee, Charles H.
Conn, John A.
Conn, Reuben R.
Colony, George D.
Corey, David A.
Corey, Jonas
Cotting, William W.
Cowdin, Natt
Crehore, Warren A.
Crocker, Daniel P.
Crocker, Charles T.
Cross, Daniel
Currier, F. C.
Cushing, Charles G.
Gushing, Ellen M.
Cushing, Joseph
Cushing, Joseph W.
Cushing, Milton L.
Cushing, Milton M.
Cushing, Susan E.
Damon, Albert
Damon, George
Daniels, Thomas E.
Dadmun, Charles E.
Davis, Alonzo

Davis, Jonathan P.
Davis, Charles
Davis, Elnathan, Auburn
Davis, Joel
Day, William F.
Delahanty, Charles J.
Derby, Gilbert H.
Dickinson, Elijah M.
Dickinson, Charles P.
Dole, A. S.
Dole, S. M.
Downe, Mrs. Leonard
Downe, Edward P.
Downe, Mrs. Edward P.
Drew, Wm. B. S., West F.
Dyer, Henry B.
Fames, Walter A.
Eaton, Daniel S.
Eaton, Thomas S.
Eddy, B. Webster
Emerson, Alfred, Lancaster
Emory, Charles A.
Emory, William C.
Emory, Edward F.
Emory, Sidney P,
Fairbanks, Charles L.
Fairbanks, Lyman N.
Fairbanks, J. H.
Farrar, Gardner
Farwell, Abel S.
Farwell, Elijah C.
Farwell, Samuel ^
Farnsworth, Thomas
Fay, George F.
Fessenden, Charles
Fessenden, Fr. G., Greenfield
Fisher, Jabez
Fisher, Mrs. Jabez
Fisher, J. Frank
Fitchburg, City of
Foley, Edward
Frost, S. Gilman
Frye, George A.
Fuller, Hubbard B.
Fitchburg Noveltv Works,
Garfield, J. F. D.'
Garfield, John
Gerry, E. J.^

LIFE MEMBERS.

41

Gill, Thomas H.*
Gilbert, Ivar R.
Goodrich, Edwin A.
Goodrich, Emma L.
Goodrich, George E.
Goodrich, Henry A.
Goodrich, Wm. H.
Goodridge, Alonzo P.
Goodridge, Herbert D.
Goddard, R. L., Palmer
Goodwin, William H., West F.
Gould, William
Gott, Calvin O.
Graves, Howard M."*^
Greene, Henry G.
Had ley, Nathan B.
Hale, Samuel
Hannegan, James
Hardy, Wm. A.
Hardon, J. J.
Harris, Gordis D."*^
Harris, John M.
Hartwell, Isaac
Haskell, Jacob
Haskell, Miss Lizzie H.
Haskins Machine Co.
Haskins, John F.
Haynes, Stillman
Hayward, E. T.
Hawkins, Gardner P.
Henry, Wm. E. & Co.
Hey wood, .Walter
Heywood, Mrs. Walter
Hitchcock, Hiland C.
Hogan, Walter W.
Hodges, George L.*
Holmes, Elias
Holman, Silas
Holden, Marquis L.
Hollis, John W.=*
Holton, S. S.
Hosmer, Silas
Hosmer, Mrs. Silas
Hosmer, Miss Clara D.
Houghton, Josiah S.
Houghton, Edward L.
Houghton, George S.
Houghton, Mrs. George S.

Jackson, Henry
Jaquith, Caleb W.
Jewett, George
Jewett, Mrs. George
Jewett, Thomas
J efts, Asia S.
Joel, Reuben
Kenney, William F.*
Kendall, Levi
Kimball, John W.
Kimball, A. P.
Kimball, Herbert W.*
Kimball, H. J.
Kilgore, John C.
Kittredge, Emerson P.
Lawrence, Abram G.
Lawrence, George L.
Lane, Mrs. J. B.
Lewis, Mrs. B. F.
Leathe, Wm. M.
Leonard, R. A.
Leverett, James W.*
Litch, Aaron K.
Litchfield, James D.
Livermore, Charles *
Lowe, Henry J.
Lowe, John
Lowe, Willard H.
Lyon, Moses G.
Macy, E. B.
Manning, Elson W.
Manning, Joseph E.
Macurda, W. A. & Co.
Marshall, Alfred A.
Marshall, Abel
Marshall, Jonas A.
Marshall, Joseph A.*
Mason, Charles
Mason, Caroline
Mclntire, David
Mclntire, Farrington
Mclntire, James
Merriam, David H.
Messenger, Daniel
Miller, Alfred
Miles, Eugene T.
Miles, Mrs. E. T.
Miles, Miss Hattie E.

42

LIFE MEMBERS.

Miles, Miss Anstis R.

Miles, Miss Mabel A.

Monroe, Edwin P.

Monroe, Mrs. E. P.

Monroe, James F.

Montjoy, George W.

Moulton, J. C.

Murnane, William

Morse, H. G.

Morse, M. J.

Morse, Herbert O.

Nichols, Lyman

Norcross, Amasa

Nutting, George F.

Page, Hale ^ .^Kalajuazoo^Mich,

Page, Joel

Page, Mrs. Joel

Page, Herbert E.

Page, Walter F.*

Page, Warren B."*

Palmer, Thomas

Palmer, Mrs. Thomas

Palmer, Miss Mary

Palmer, Joseph W.

Partridge, Asa

Patch, Lyman

Patch, Mrs. Lyman

Patch, Lyman B.

Patch, Arthur

Patch, Walter

Pierce, James

Pierce, Joseph

Pierce, 2d, Joseph

Piper, Joseph L.

Piper, Henry F.

Place, J. D. '

Pratt, Lawrin

Pratt, Silas

Pratt, Willie F. C.

Prichard, John

Pride, William M.

Proctor, George B.

Proctor, George N.

Proctor, Sullivan G.

Proctor, Benjamin F.

Proctor, John B.

Proctor, Mrs. J. B.

Putnam, James P.

Putnam, Frank P.
Rice, Oran S.
Richardson, Edwin
Richardson, J. B.^
Ripley, Flora B.
Robbins, George
Ruggles, Otis T.
Ruggles, Mrs. Otis T.
Ruggles, Miss Abbie J.
Ruggles, Walter W.
Sabin, John P.
Safford, Benjamin
Sawtell, Charles
Sawtell, Edward B.
Sawtell, Mrs. Edward B.
Sawtell, George M.
Sawtell, John M.
Sawyer, Addie R.
Saw}^er, Sylvanus
Sawyer, Alvin M.
Sawyer, Charles B., West F.
Sa\v}'er, Charles K., West F.
Saunders, Charles'^
Shattuck, Warren W.
Sheldon, Francis
Sheldon, Thomas
Sheldon, Samuel D.
Shepley, Charles H.
Shepley, Stephen
Shepley, Mrs. Stephen
Shepley, Francis B. .
Sherman, Andrew B.
Simonds, George F.
Simonds, Joseph F.
Smith, Edward
Smith, John
Smith, Joseph
Smith, William P.
Snow, Peter S.
Snow, Benjamin
Snow, Francis H."*
Society, First Universalist
Spaulding, E. G.
Sprague, Leander
Stearns, Varus*
Stebbins, Alice G.
Stickney, George O.
Stiles, James F.

LIFE MEMBERS.

43

Stiles, Mrs. J. F.

Stoddard, Charles B.

Stone, Norman

Stone, Alan son J., Lancaster

Stevens, Levi*

Stratton, Charles C,

Tenney, Jonathan L.

Thurston, Cyrus

Torrey, P^benezer

Torrey, Mrs. E.

Towne, George E.

Tuttle, Lewis G.

Tuttle, D. Waterman

Twichell, John M.

Twichell, Seth

Upton, Harrison

Upton, John

Upton, Mrs. J.

Upton, Edwin

Upton, Thomas

Upton, Warren C.

Vose, William H.

Wallace, Rodney

Ware, Samuel

Ware, T. K.

Ware, Lewis

Waterhouse, Joseph

Waymoth, A. D.

West, Benjamin W.

West, Clark S.

Weston, S. J. M.

Wheeler, Benjamin

Wheeler, Loring

Wheeler, Lorenzo D.

Wheeler, Samuel A.

Wheelwright, Jr., Geo. W.*

White, W. Fred *

Whitman, Jonathan

Whitman, Augustus, Leominste?'

Whitman, Ephraim

Whitney, Edwin A.

Whitnev, Albert E.

Whittemore, Mrs. B. F.*

Willis, Henry A.

Wilkins, Aaron

Wilson, Timothy S.

Wood, Charles H.

Wood, James K. P.

Wood, Mrs. Moses
Wood, Nathaniel
Woodbury, James M.
Woodbury, Miss Maria E.
Woodbury, William
Woodbury, Oscar F.
Works, T. Benton
Works, Edwin D.
Works, George F,*
Wright, J. Q.
Wheeler, John
White, Ivers
Young, Z. F.
Zounglove, T.

GARDNER.

Bancroft, Amasa

Bush, C. W.

Heywood, Levi

Hey wood, Seth

Heywood, Charles

Hill, Edwin

Hill, Henry C.

Hill, John W.

Hubbard, George W.*

Parker, David

Sawin, John, So. Gardfter

Stevens, S. W. A., So. Gardner

Tavlor, Stephen, So. Gardner

w6od, Abel S.

Wood, Asaph, So. Gardner

HARVARD.

Bull, Trumbull
Burt, George E.
Farmer, Emroy
Fletcher, Sherman
Hosmer, Samuel
Lane, Edwin
Puffer, Josiah, Ayer
Taylor, Zopher
Whitney, Hiram
Whitney, Samuel F.
Willard, Alfred R.

44

LIFE MEMBERS.

LEOMINSTER.

Allen, Joel C.

Arlington Piano Company,

Boutelle, N. C.

Boyden, Elliott E.

Boyden, Charles C.

Bennett, James

Bird, Ebenezer

Burrage, Emory

Burrage, Leonard, North Leom.

Burditt, A. L.

Buss, John L.

Carter, James H.

Carter, Solon

Carter, George R.

Chase, Henry

Cozzens, Joseph

Colburn, Charles H.

Day, N. C.=^

Derby, Alden

Derby, Benjamin

Derby, Cephas

Everett, Abram

Field, C. C.

Fuller, William H.

Gates, Augustus

Gates, Edwin

Gates, Whiting

Gates, Jonas W.

Grout, George H.

Harrington, Fred B.

Haskell, Franklin L.

Haws, Manson D.

Hosmer, William B.

Hall, B. F.

Johnson, Ephraim

Johnson, Elbridge

Joslin, Charles L.

Keteridge, Monroe H.

Lincoln, Geo. T.

Lincoln, Timothy

Lockey, John H.

Lockey, John M.

Lyon, A. E.

Marshall, James A.

Marshall, James H.

Marshall, Joseph, North Leom.

Merriam, C, H.

Merriam, Gardner

Morse, Augustus '*'

Moore, Estabrook

Nichols, John F.

Nicholson,' Charles R.

Parker, L. W.

Piper, Porter

Pratt, Daniel, North Leom.

Putnam & Phelps, North Leo7?t.

Rice, George L.

Stratton, Albert

Salisbury, D. W.

Sheldon^ G. W.

Snow, Mrs. Nancy, North L.

Stratton Bros. & Hill,

Thompson, E. P.

Tilton, Emory

Tisdale, S. A.

Whitney, F. A. Carriage Co.

Williams, A. W.

Woods, George

Woods, Henry A.

LUNENBURG.

Baker, William, Fitchburg
Ball, Varnum
Billings, Thomas
Billings, George
Brown, W. L.
Brown, John F.
Brown, Mrs. J. F.
Fairbanks, John
Fiske,' Milton E.
Graham, Ephraim, Boston
Goodrich, Joseph
Gilchrist, George S.
Heath, Mahon S.
Houghton, Edmund
Johnson, Martin
Kilburn, Cyrus
Kilburn, Mrs. Cyrus
Page, Luther
Pitts, Lemuel *
Putnam, James
Putnam, Daniel
Stone, Eliphalet

LIFE MEMBERS.

45

Stone, Mrs. J. E.
Stone, Stillman
Whitney, Aaron P.
White, Levi

PRINCETON.

Benson, AV. W.

Beaman, Winslow E., East P.

Brooks, John

Brown, W. H., East P.

Danforth, Nathan =*

Everett, J. T., East P.

Gill, Emery W.

Gregory, George M.

Hastings, Solon S.

Houghton, George W.

Merriam, J. Edwin

Mirick, Sewall G.

Mirick, Moses H., East P.

Mirick, Paul M., East P.

Reed, Nathan B.

Richardson, Sewell

Roper, John

Roper, Wilkes

Skinner, George O.

Skinner, Harlow

Thompson, A. G.

Temple, Jonas H., East P.

Whitcomb, Joseph, East P.

Wilder, Mai-k, East P.

ROYALSTON.

Bemis, Otis, South P.
Clark, Edson
Clark, Timothy
Farrar, S. S., South P.
Hale, John W., South P.
Hale, Silas, South P.
Jones, Aaron, South P.
Jones, Silas, South P.
Perkins, Joseph L.
Raymond, Joseph
Safford, Roby R., South P.
Stockwell, Anan, South P.
Turner, Ephraim, South P.

SHIRLEY.

Davis, George

Edgarton, Charles A., 6". Vili.
Gardner, Jerome B., 5. Vili,
Gardner, M. T., S. Vill.
Hartwell, Nathaniel
Hazen, Thomas L., S. Vill.
Hazen, Jacob P., S. Vill,
Munson, Norman C.
Page, George
Parker, James O.
Sanderson, Geo. W.
Wetherbee, Wm. H.
Whitney, Thomas E. "

STERLING.

Barron, A. S.
Baldwin, William
Burpee, Edward
Fitch, Charles B.
Flagg, Charles
Hastings, Rufus
Heywood, H. Marcellus
Heywood, Moses B.
Kendall, Ezra
Kendall, George
Loring, Chandler H.
Loring, Maynard
Nourse, Franklin
Osgood, Samuel
Peck, W. D.
Richardson, William B.
Stephenson, John M.
Sawyer, Jonathan M.
Sawyer, Putnam
Sawyer, William H.
Smith, Sidney
Whitney, Joseph

TEMPLETON.

Day, Gilman, Baldwinville
Goldsmith, J. G., Otter Piver
Sawyer, Edwin, Baldwinville

46

LIFE MEMBERS.

Sawyer, James, £asf Te7npleton

Simonds, Warren

Stone, E. W., Otter River

WESTMINSTER.

Bacon, Edward

Barnes, Adonijah

Benjamin, A.W., Wachusett VilL

Benson, Bigelow

Brown, Timothy, Wachusett VilL

Carter, Russeiro.

Carter, E. R.

Chesmore, Reuben Q.,Fitchburg

Divoll, Luke

Duncan, Geo. N., Fitchburg

Ellis, Preston

Flagg, Otis

Forbush, Joseph W.*

Hagar, Isaac*

Holden, Amos B.

Laws, David, Ashburitham

Laws, James H.

Leonard, John K.

Merriam, Artemas

Merriam, Caleb S.

Minot, John

Miller, Joseph*

Miles, Daniel C.

Miles, Herbert J.

North, Daniel

Page, Josiah, Leominster

Page, Porter F., West F.

Puffer, James

Raymond, Asa

Raymond, Eli W.

Sprague, S. H., Wachusett VilL

Towne, George W.*

Waterhouse, Joseph

Whitney, Calvin

Wliite, Marshall

Winship, Handell

Winship, Sylvester

Wood, Timothy D.

Wood, T. S.

Wood, Allen B., Fitchburg

Wyman, Benj., Wachusett VilL

Wyman, Franklin
Wyman, David *

WINCHENDONT.

Brown, 2d, William,
Cutter, John
Folsom, John G.
Forristal, John M.
Mason, Orlando
Murdock, Jr., Ephraim^,
Raymond, Jr., Paul
Whitney, Giles H.
Vose, Jr., Reuben

WORCESTER.

Beaman, G. S.
Bullock, Alexander H.
Boyington, John
Brown, Alzirus
Barnard, A. B.
Chase, Anthony
Davis, Alpheus B.
Howard, Justin
Harris, Gideon
Miles, Charles M.
Phillips, Ivers
Richardson, George W.
Spoon er, A. J.
Wellington, Timothy W
Wheeler, W. A.
Whitcomb, David

LIFE MEMBERS. 47

MISCELLANEOUS.

Martin Clifford, Amherst ; George Chandler, Acton ; Wil-
liam S. Merritt, Ashfield ; Francis Conant, Boxboro'; J. H. Reed,
J. Forbush, Bolton ; R. S. Denney, Clappville ; William A. Man-
dell, Cambridge ; Washington Nichols, Charlestown ; Amory
Davidson, Clinton; Rodney Fuller, Dracut ; Eli A.Hubbard,
Easthampton ; Henry G. White, Framingham ; Hazen O. Bean,
Charles L. Nutting, Groton ; Nathaniel Holden, A. L. Lawton,
Groton Junction ; M. L. May, Hubbardston ; Ebenezer Bullard,
Hampstead, N. H.; J. A. Harwood, J. H. Whitcomb, Adam
Thompson, Littleton ; Albert Merriam, Lowell ; John W. Piper,
Lynn ; Samuel Farwell, 2d, Fitchburg ; John F. Ware, Milton ;
A. O. Cummings, Israel Everett, A. C. &: J. G. Wood, Millbury;
Daniel W. Blood, Pepperell ; Edward Powers, Phillipston ; John '
A. Rice, Quincy ; Henry B. Jones, Townsend ; Asher Green,
Mrs. Asher Green, Abram M. White, West Townsend ; Stephen
Staunton, Wayland ; Martin Harris, Warwick ; L. H. Rice, West
Boylston ; E. W. Houghton, Still River ; A. H. Brick, Waterbury,
Vt. ; James O. Kendall, Hartford, Wis. ; Luther H. Tucker, Al-
bany, N. Y.; Henry F. Kenney, Philadelphia, Pa.; H. W. Collin,
Burlington, Vt.; Joel Foskett, Camden, N. Y.; Horatio Hill, Is-
rael Longley, Chicago, 111. ; Milton Frost, Detroit, Mich. ; J. T.
Densmore, Charlestown, N. H. ; Nathan Whitne}^, Claremont,
N. H. ; Hiram W. Albee, Ludlow, Vt. ; Artemas F. Andrews,
Geo. M. Gage, North Ipswich, N. H.; Solomon P. Burpee, J. M.
Stuart, William B. Wood, New York City ; Gilman Jones, N.
Buffalo, Mich.; Kendall Brooks, Joseph W. Mansur, Kalamazoo,
Mich.; Oliver Howe, Titusville, Pa.; James L. Haynes, Peru,Vt.;
Solomon F. Towne, Rindge, N. H.; Frank M. Proctor, West-
moreland, N. H. ; Henry R. Phelps, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Bailey,
Cook & Co., Woonsocket, R. I. ; AVilliam G. Wyman, Maine
Prairie, Cal. ; Thomas B. Choate, Stockton, Cal.; Horatio Steb-*
bins, San Francisco, Cal.; Henry W. Haskell, Marysville, Cal.;
Jacob Brown, Maysville, Mo.; James Houghton, Oakdale ; Jones
& Perkins, Wilton, N. H.; Frederick J. Billings, Woodstock, Vt.

COMMITTEES AND PEEMIUMS

FOR THE

TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION,

TO BE HELD AT FrfCHBURG,
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1876.

No person will be allowed to become a competitor for any
of the Premimns herein offered, unless he shall have made an
entry for the same, with the Secretary, within the time prescribed
for each class, nor unless he shall have furnished all required
statements relating thereto, within the specified time.

For the convenience of those who live at a distance, entries
may be made by mail ; and all entries so made must be delivered
at some post-office one day previous to the expiration of the
time specified, and must bear proof of having been so delivered,
either by post-mark, or a certificate of registry from the post-
master.

' 1^ Communications for the Secretary, should be sent to
Fitchburg.

STOCK.

All entries for premiums under this head, must be made on
or before the Friday previous to the Show, except Horses and
Poultry, which may be as late as the Monday previous.

All persons who are required to furnish a statement, must
do so to the Secretary, at the time of making the entiy, and he
shall post copies on the day of exhibition.

All live stock must be owned by the person entering the
same.

Each entry of stock for the pens must specify the breed of
the animal, if known, and the age.

Under the head Calves, pairs are meant, except the entry
" Pens of Calves."

50 COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS.

Fat cattle and working cattle must be weighed on the scales
on the grounds of the Society, and a certificate furnished the
Secretary.

The weight of all other stock will not be required.

All stock, except oxen shown only in Town Teams, taken
from the grounds before 4 o'clock p. m., on Tuesday, without
permission of the President, shall forfeit all premiums that may
have been awarded to it.

The committees on Neat Stock, Sheep, Swine and Poultry,
shall make their awards previous to 3 o'clock p. m., on Tuesday.
They shall designate the premiums immediately with printed
ribbons or cards, blue for first, red for second, and white for
third.

The Society will provide good hay for all Stock entered for
premium or exhibition during the time of the Show, and will
furnish grain at cost, to all who may require it.

Hereafter, the best animals exhibited shall be entitled to
the premiums, without regard to former awards.

Committee in charge of Grounds. — Joseph Gushing, Lyman
Patch, Fitchburg ; William Baker, Lunenburg.

Committee on Pedigrees. — E. T. Miles, Joel Page, Fitchburg ;
Augustus Whitman, Leominster ; John F. Brown, Lunenburg.

Committee on Animals for Exhibition — with authority to
recommend gratuities. — E. D, Works, Fitchburg.

Commitee on Forage. — A. P. Goodridge, Fitchburg.

Committee on Finance. — Jabez Fisher, Fitchburg.

THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

Committee. — Edwin D. Works, Joel Page, Leonard Downe,
Fitchburg.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS. 51

SHORT-HORNS, AYRSHIRES, JERSEYS, DEVONS, OR OTHER
THOROUGH-BRED STOCK.

Herds consisting of one bull and not less than four females,
all one year old and upwards, and owned by the competitor for
four months preceding the show. Two premiums : $6, 4.

BULLS.

Two years old and upwards. Two premiums: $5, 3.
One year old and under two. Two premiums : 4, 2.
Calves (under one year). Two premiums : 4, 2.

COWS.

Four years old and upwards. Two premiums : $3, 2.
Three years old and under four. Two premiums : 2.50, 1.50.
Two years old and under three. Two premiums : 2, i.
One year old and under two. Two premiums : 1.50, i.
Calves (under one year). Two premiums : 3, 2.

Competitors may make such statements to the committee as
they please, all of which may be considered.

STOCK NOT THOROUGH-BRED.

Thorough-bred Stock may compete in the following classes,
but shall have no advantage on account of blood or pedigree.

MILCH KINE.

Committee. — Augustus Gates. Josiah Page, Leominster ;
Joseph Foster, Ashby.

Herds of four cows or heifers, each. Two premiums : $5, 3.50.

The committee will regard age, expense of keeping, &c.

Cows for butter. Two premiums : $2.50, 2.

Heifers, three years old, for butter. Two premiums : 2.50, 2.

52 COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS.

Heifers, two years old, for butter. Two premiums : $2, 1.50.
Cows, for milk. Two premiums : 2.50, 2.
Heifers, three years old, for milk. Two premiums : 2.50, 2.
Heifers, two years old for milk. Two premiums : 2, 1.50.

Competitors may make such statements to the committee
as they please, all of which may be considered.

HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES.

Committee.— '^^^h Lowe, Asia S. Jeffts, Fitchburg ; F. W.
Wright, Ashby.

Intended to be kept for the dairy.

Two years old. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.
Yearlings. Two premiums: 1.50, i.

Calves more than four months old. Two premiums: 2, 1.50.
Calves more than four months old, raised by hand. Two prem-
iums: 2, 1.50.

Persons exhibiting calves raised by hand, shall furnish
statements to the Secretary, of the manner of raising.

YEARLING STEERS, STEER CALVES AND PENS OF

CALVES.

Committee. — Abel Marshall, Fitchburg; Henry A. Woods,
Leominster ; Porter Page, Westminster.

Yearlings. Two premiums: $1.50, i.

Trained Yearlings. Two premiums : 1.50, i.

Calves. Two premiums : 3, 2.

Calves raised by hand. Two premiums : 3, 2.

Trained Calves. Two premiums: 2, 1.50.

Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums: 1.50, i.

Best Pen of Calves, not less than four. Two premiums : 5, 2.50.

Persons exhibiting Calves raised by hand, shall furnish a
statement to the Secretary, of the manner of raising.

Calves entered in Pens of Calves cannot compete for prem-
iums as single animals.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS. 53

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Committee. — William Woodbury, Daniel S. Eaton, Fitch-
burg ; Joseph Cozzens, Leominster.

Working Oxen. Two premiums : $5, 3.
Best Minor Teamsters. Two premiums: 2.50, 1.50.
Steers, three years old. Two premiums: 2.50, 2.
Best Minor Teamsters. Two premiums: 2, i.
Two years old. Two premiums : 2, 1.50.
Trained, two years old. Two premiums : 2, i.
Best Minor Trainers. Two premiums: 1.50, i.

The Working Oxen will be tried attached to loads weighing,
including the cart, one-third more than themselves.

The three years old steers will be attached to carts, and
tried like the oxen on the same ground ; the cart and load to
equal the steers in weight.

FAT CATTLE.

Committee. — Wm. C. Emory, Fitchburg; Joel Heywood,
Ashby j C. C. Boyden, Leominster.

Best Fat Ox. Two premiums : $4, 2.50.
Best Fat Cow. Two premiums : 3, 1.50.
Best Fat Steer or Heifer. Two premiums : 3, 2.

All competitors with fat cattle may furnish a statement to
the Secretary, of the mode and expense of feeding.

SWINE;

Committee. — M. T. Gardner, Shirley ; John Lowe, Fitchburg;
Franklin Nourse, Sterling.

Must be entered like other stock.

Boars more than one year old. Two premiums: $2, 1.50.

Less than one year old. Two premiums : 1.50, i.

Best Fat Hogs, having regard to age. Two premiums : 4, 2.

64 COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS.

Fat Pigs, less than eight months old. Two premiums : $2, i.

Breeding Sows. Two premiums : 4, 2.

Weaned Pigs, not less than four. Two premiums : 2, i.

All Swine, and each litter of Pigs, will be allowed fifteen
cents mileage for each mile more than two that they are brought.

POULTRY.

Committee. — Wm. A. Carleton, George Younglove^ William
Scribner, Fitchburg.

Must be entered like other stock.
Barn-yard fowls, not less than a trio.

Brahmas. Two premiums : $1, .50.

Black Spanish. Two premiums : i, .50.

White Leghorns. Two premiums: i, .50.

Any other breed. Two premiums : i, .50.

Turkeys, not less than a trio. Two premiums : 1.50, i.

Geese, not less than a trio. Two premiums : 1.50, i.

Ducks, not less than a trio. Two premiums : 1.50, i.

TOWN TEAMS.

Committee. — S. F. Whitney, Harvard ; Josiah Puffer, Ayer ;
Porter Piper, Leominster.

Best Town Teams, not less than fifteen yoke from any one town.
Two premiums: $15, 10.
These teams may consist of either oxen or steers, or both.

HORSES.

Entries for all horses must be made before 9 o'clock a. m.
of the day on which they are exhibited.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS. 55

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVINCx HORSES— SINGLE.

Committee. — Rodney Wallace, Fitchburg ; D. C. Miles,
Westminster ; Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham.

Gentlemen's Driving Horses. Four premiums : $6, 4, 3, 2.

Speed considered, but not to govern.

In the trial of horses in this class, they shall make a stand-
ing start from the Judges' stand.

MATCHED DRIVING AND FAMILY HORSES.

Committee. — A. L. Burditt, Leominster; S. W. A. Stevens,
South Gardner ; E. A. Goodrich, Fitchburg.

Matched Driving Horses. Four premiums : $6, 4, 3, 2.
Family Horses — single. Four premiums : ^6, 4, 3, 2.

COLTS.

Committee. — Samuel E. Crocker, Fitchburg; John Davis,
Ashby ; M. H. Keteridge, Leominster.

Stallions, three years old. Two premiums: $5, 2.50.

Geldings, three years old. Two premiums: 3, 1.50.

Fillies, three years old. Two premiums: 3, 1.50.

Stallions or Geldings, two years old. Two premiums : 3, 1.50.

Fillies, two years old. Two premiums: 3, 1.50.

Yearling Colts. Two premiums: 2,50, 1.50.

STALLIONS, MARES AND SUCKING COLTS.

Committee. — Francis Buttrick, E. T. Miles, Fitchburg; John
F. Brown, Lunenburg.

Best Stallions for general use, four years old and upwards. Two

premiums : $10, 5.
Breeding Mares. Two premiums: 4, 2.50.
Colts less than one year old. Two premiums : 2, 1.50.

56 COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS.

The Mares must be four years old and upwards, and ac-
companied by their Colts.

No premium shall be awarded to a mare known to be un-
sound.

PLOWING MATCHES.

All entries for Ploughing must be on or before the Friday
previous to the Exhibition, and one dollar must be deposited
with each entry, to be returned to the competitor if he ploughs,
otherwise forfeited to the Society. The swivel plough only will
be allowed.

HORSE TEAMS.

Committee. — Edward Bacon, Westminster ; H. B. Fuller,
Fitchburg ; Liberty Wellington, Ashby.

Two premiums : $5, 3.

OX TEAMS.

Com?nittee. — Solon Carter, Leominster -, Thomas Sheldon,
Fitchburg ; Joseph Whitney, Sterling.

Two premiums : $5, 3.

CROPS.

All entries for premiums in this department must be made
with the Secretary, on or before June 15th, with the exception
of English turnips and cabbages, which must be entered on or
before August 15th. Immediately after these dates, the Secre-
tary will transmit to all competitors a blank form, adopted by
the Trustees, to correspond with the requirements of the Board
of Agriculture.

GRAIN.

Committee. — Samuel Osgood, Sterling ; George Reed, Fitch-
burg ; John Hayward, Ashby.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS. 57

The committee may award gratuities for valuable new va-
rieties of grain.

For the most profitable crops of corn, wheat, rye, barley
and oats, one acre each ; of cabbages, beans and flax, one-eighth
acre each ; the product of corn to be not less than 4,320 lbs. on
the cob ; that of wheat, rye, barley and oats, not less than 1,000
lbs. of grain each.

Corn. Two premiums : $5, 4.
Wheat. Two premiums : 5, 4.
Rye. Two premiums: 2, i.
Barley. Two premiums: 2, i.
Oats. Two premiums: 2, i.
Field Beans. Two premiums : i, .50.

Samples must be exhibited at the Fair.

ROOT CROPS AND CABBAGES.

Committee. — Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg ; Benjamin Safford,
Fitchburg ; Estabrook Moore, Leominster.

For the most profitable crops of potatoes, one-fourth acre
each ; of carrots, onions, beets and turnips, one-eighth acre each.

Potatoes, not less than 3,000 lbs. Two premiums : $4, 2.50.
Carrots, not less than 5,500 lbs. Two premiums : 2, 1.50.
Onions, not less than 2,000 lbs. Two premiums : 1.50, i.
Sugar Beets. Two premiums : i, .50.
Mangel Wurzel. Two premiums : i, .50.
English Turnips. Two premiums : 1.50, i.
Turnips of any other variety. Two premiums: 1.50, r.
Cabbages. Two premiums : i, .50.

EXHIBITION AT THE HALL.

No article intended for the Hall will be entitled to a pre-
mium, unless it shall have been deposited by 6 o'clock p. m., on
Monday, except articles from other places than Fitchburg, which
may be deposited as late as 8^ a. m. on Tuesday.

58 COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS.

All articles should be plainly marked with the name and
residence of the exhibitor, except samples of Bread and Butter,
which must be designated by numbers. A strict compliance with
these regulations will be absolutely necessary to entitle competi-
tors to any premiums that may be awarded to them.

APPLES, PEACHES, PLUMS AND QUINCES.

Committee. — George Jewett, Fitchburg; Alfred Whiting,
Oakdale \ Martin Johnson, Lunenburg.

APPLES.

Twelve varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $3, 2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : 2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums: 1.50, i.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Baldwins. Two premi-
ums : I, .50.
Hubbardston Nonesuch. Two premiums : i, .50.
Rhode Island Greenings. Two premiums : i, .50.
Roxbury Russets. Two premiums : i, .50.
Gravensteins. Two premiums : i, .50.
Palmer Greenings. Two premiums : i, .50.

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in
more than one of the above classes, v/ith the same specimens of
fruit ; and if the number of specimens exhibited does not cor-
respond with these regulations, the fruit will be excluded from
competition for the premiums.

PEACHES.

Best collection. One premium : $3.

Best dishes or baskets. Two premiums : 2, i.

PLUMS.

Best collection. One premium : $2.
Best plates. Two premiums : i, .50.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS. 59

QUINCES.

Best dishes or baskets. Two premiums: $i, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at
the disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

PEARS AND GRAPES.

Committee. — A. B. Holden, Westminster ; Charles A. Emory,
Fitchburg ; Wm. D. Peck, Sterling.

PEARS.

Twelve varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : $3, 2.
Six varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : 2, 1.50.
Three varieties of five specimens each. Two premiums : 1.50, i.
Best exhibition of twelve specimens of Bartletts. Two pre-
miums : I, .50.
Seckel. Two premiums : i, .50.
Flemish Beauty. Two premiums : i, .50.
Duchess. Two premiums : i, .50.
Louise Bonnie de Jersey. Two premiums : i, .50.
Lawrence. Two premiums : i, .50.
Beurre d'Anjou. Two premiums : i, .50.
Sheldon. Two premiums : i, .50.

GRAPES.

Best displays of varieties of Native Grapes. Two premiums : $5, 3.
Best six clusters Concord. Two premiums : i, .50.
Best six clusters Delaware. Two premiums : i, .50.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at
the disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

No person will be allowed to compete for a premium in
more than one of the above classes, with the same specimens of
fruit ; and if the number of specimens exhibited does not cor-
respond with these regulations, the fruit will be excluded from
competition for the premiums.

feO COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS.

ASSORTED FRUITS AND FLOWERS.

Committee. — Mrs. Stephen Shepley, Mrs. Alfred Hitchcock,
Mrs. E. B. Sawtell, Fitchburg.

ASSORTED FRUITS.

Best dishes or baskets. Two premiums : $2, i.

PLANTS IN POTS.

Best displays of named Plants in pots. Two premiums : $2, i.
Best three named Plants in pots. Two premiums : 2, i.
Best displays of Cut Flowers. Two premiums : 2, i.
Best five named Asters. Two premiums : 2, i.
Best five named Dahlias. Two premiums : 2, i.
Best five named Verbenas. Two premiums : 2, i.
Best pair of Parlor Bouquets. Two premiums : 2, i.
Best pair of Hand Bouquets. Two premiums : 2, i.

The best plants in pots cannot compete for both the best
display and the best three ; nor can the same Asters, Dahlias or
Verbenas, compete for the best display and the best five.

In addition to the above premiums, there will be placed at
the disposal of the committee, for gratuities, ten dollars.

VEGETABLES.

Committee. — Jabez Fisher, Sylvanus Sawyer, Fitchburg;
John Minot, Westminster.

Best collections of Kitchen Vegetables. Two premiums : $4, 3.

Collections of Potatoes. Two premiums: 2, i.

Marrow Squashes. Two premiums : i, .50.

Hubbard Squashes. Two premiums : i, .50.

Crookneck Squashes. Two premiums : i, .50.

Pumpkins. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Cabbages. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Cauliflowers. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Celery. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Onions. Two premiums : .75, .50.

Turnip Beets. Two premiums : .75, .50.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS, 61

English Turnips. Two premiums : 50, .25.
Tomatoes. Two premiums: .50, .25.
Field Beans. Two premiums : .50, .25.
Lima Beans. Two premiums : .50, .25.
Seed Corn in traces. Two premiums: $1, .75.

The committee will regard perfection of growth and quality,
and not size.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratui-
ties, ten dollars.

Of squashes, pumpkins, cabbages and celery, there should
be six specimens in each lot ; of cauliflowers, three ; of onions,
beets, turnips and tomatoes, one peck in each lot ; of field beans,
one-half peck ; and of Lima beans, two quarts.

BREAD, BUTTER, CHEESE, PICKLES, PRESERVES
AND JELLIES.

Committee, — Mrs. Jabez Fisher, Mrs. John B. Proctor, Mrs.
William Woodbury, Fitchburg.

Bread made by the exhibitor.

White Bread. Three premiums : $2, i, .50.
Unbolted Wheat Bread. Three premiums: 2, i, .50.
Bolted Rye Bread. Three premiums: 2, i, .50.
Rye and Indian Bread. Three premiums: 2, i, .50.

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

Lump Butter, not less than 12 lbs. Two premiums: $4, 3.
June Tub Butter, not less than 25 lbs. Two premiums: 3, 2.
September Tub Butter, not less than 25 lbs. Two premiums : 3, 2.
Cheese, not less than 50 lbs. Two premiums : 2, 1.50.

PICKLES AND HONEY.

Pickles. Two premiums :$ I, .50.

Virgin Honey in the comb. Three premiums : 2, i, .50.

Canned Fruits, best collections. Two premiums : 2, i.

In addition to the above, there will be allowed for gratuities,
ten dollars.

62 COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS.

Competitors will be required to furnish to the Secretary, a
detailed statement, in writing, of the process of manufacturing
butter, cheese and pickles ; and no others shall be considered.

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

Committee. — John Q. Wright, Aaron Wilkins, George F.
Simonds, Fitchburg.

Specimens exhibited must be manufactured by the competi-
tor.

For the best specimens of manufactured articles, exclusive
of ladies' home manufacture, actually produced by the exhibitor,
there will be placed at the disposal of the committee, the sum
of one hundred dollars.

For the best exhibition of manufactured articles, not actual-
ly the product of the exhibitor, there will be placed at the dis-
posal of the committee, the sum of fifty dollars.

FINE ARTS.

Committee. — Mrs. Alfred Miller, Mrs. Charles Mason, Fitch-
burg ; Mrs. F. W. Wright, Ashby.

Best collections by a Photographic Artist. Two premiums : $2, i.
Oil Paintings. Two premiums: 2, i.
Best Crayon Drawings. Two premiums: 1.50, i.
Pencil Drawings. Two premiums : i, .50.

Best specimens of Penmanship by a non-professional. One pre-
mium : .50.

In addition there will be placed at the disposal of the com-
mittee for gratuities, the sum of ten dollars.

Specimens exhibited must be actually executed by the com-
petitor.

COMMITTEES AND PREMIUMS. 63

FANCY ARTICLES.

Committee. — Mrs. L. H, Bradford, Miss Alice Shepley, Fitch-
burg; Mrs. M. T. Gardner, Shirley.

For the best specimens of Ladies' Useful and Fancy Arti-
cles of their own manufacture, including specimens of nice
mending and darning, there will be placed at the disposal of the
committee, the sum of thirty dollars.

COMMITTEES' REPORTS.

Committee. — The President, Vice Presidents and Secretary.

For the purpose of inducing the chairmen of the several
committees to take upon themselves more labor and care in elab-
orating their reports, the following premiums will be paid: $io,

6,4.

Detailed reports in connection with awards (except on Grain
and Root Crops,) must be delivered to the Secretary on or before
November ist.

PROSPECTIVE EXPERIMENTS.

FOREST TREES.

Cofnmittee. — W. B. Hosmer, George Merriam, Leominster;
J. P. Putnam, Fitchburg.

For the best Plantation of any kind of Forest Trees, suitable
for fuel or timber, raised from the seed, not less than five
hundred in number, which shall be in the most flourishing
condition in the Fall of 1876. Two premiums: $15, 10.

Entries must be made on or before the first day of June.

COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS.

JOHN B. PROCTOR, Fitchburg.
C. C. BOYDEN, Leominster.
JOHN F. BROWN, Lunenburg.
EDWARD B. SAWTELL, Fitchburg.

RULES.

All teams entered for draught must be owned by the person
entering the same.

Any person competing for a premium, who shall serve on
the committee having charge of the department in which he
competes, shall retire from the committee while his own compe-
tition is in question.

The several committees will not consider themselves bound
by the terms of the above offers, to award a premium for any-
thing which they shall deem inferior.

Any person to w^hom a premium shall have been awarded in
consequence of any deception or misrepresentation used by him.
shall not only forfeit such premium, but afterwards be incapable
of competing for the Society's premiums.

All persons, ladies and minors excepted, not members of
the Society, to whom may be awarded a premium, or pre-
miums, amounting to five dollars or upward, shall receive
a certificate of membership for five dollars, and the balance
in cash. . If the amount shall be less than five dollars, a
deduction of fifty per cent, will be made, unless the individ-
ual chooses to make the amount up to that sum, and receive
a certificate of membership.

All premiums not demanded on or before November 30th,
will revert to the Society.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1876,

Elected at the Annual Meeting, Dec. ist, 1875.

JOHN B. PROCTOR of Fitchburg, President
CHARLES C. BOYDEN of Leominster, ) ^.
JOHN F. BROWN of Lunenburg, j" ^'"'--^ "-'''^^'^'f''

EDVV. B. SAWTELL of Fitchburg, Secretary and Treasure

TRUSTEES :

Ohio Whitney, Ashburnham, Lorenzo Barker, Fitchburg,

Joel Hayward, Ashby, David Boutelle, "

F. W. Wright, *' Charles H. Brown, "

S. W. A. Stevens, Gardner, Joseph Cushing, "

S. F. Whitney, Harvard, Jabez Fisher, "

W. B. HosMER, Leominster, Abel Marshall, "

Geo. H. Grout, " Eugene T. Miles, "

Cyrus Kilburn, Lunenburg, Joel Page, "

Alfred Whiting, Oakdale, George Reed, "

N. B. Reed, Princeton, . J. M. Sawtell, "

M. T. Gardner, Shirley, Stephen Shefley, "

Franklin Nourse, Sterling, Harrington Sibley, "

Warren Simonds, Templeton, Geo. H. Spencer, "

D. C. Miles, Westminster, William Woodbury, "

Edward Bacon, " Edwin D. Works, "
Orlando Mason, Winchendon,

Stephen Shepley of Fitchburg, elected Meinbcr of the
State Board of Agriculture^ December 2d, 1874, for three years.

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