” > te See ey Pa eerers M4 My s % Syne eabentine od ek at R : al , be hate F ete bar cee SPT SCOTS oe eer eee oe Er ee het otter Steak tight So Baad of ayer ade E ! . PEER R SU Melt pF eng MON rt were ela efraatnes , Turan SN Qt tH VENT Ry tensed ott ERM Lange i tid “tty we : : : . ay Cos bidet . Wanaion ; SP osMarn hf “ : hadi Se Md : : Panbant FFM nad vate yoes he : f ae Wd Pele Mee wide " _ Ce ee re re Pet yiin veda eet FOS ey se ate Hote ae he . Aah ve tree Hever ke r erat brs. obey eee Pires Re aaMe FBG a! SwgA BAe ctoagte tout vt . ey teh aA, Pe Rp ny one fate Leh eben VAT NEE 8 INT 5 DV Nrt DA TREN AUCH Pee waht ‘ (eee et tare Cener en tttony ‘ aig cpt rye MED Pata dat ei * Pate Ete el sate tat tes as : : mate ane? SAE LY hat at Uy tae yet pit tet tht ay ae ig ae Sooke NORA i Geet gael Poe rye asiat | fons ptavas net thaatpegdemeny iets aaa st hg My ca aay hy sea, Liat Dah ot SS Kye ert, Bates ere eae al pe SAN oo CaO eat, a3 sade gt site 8 ode aly Oar Ee ote ereTeCecy aren HARVARD UNIVERSITY ss Oh LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology THE Phere TRANSACTIONS YORKSHIRE: : OF THE ee td ee ) ens Sh bis Ria RS so" i SO oh NATURALISTS’ UNION. PART 7. Issued to the Members for the year 1882. CONTENTS. ~ Series D—Articutata—Vol. IL, Sheets G, H, 1, K. List of Yorkshire Lepidoptera. NOcTUz DELTOIDES = Ne PYRALIDES ... CRAMBITES TORTRICES ... ‘TINE Mg Series E— Borany—Sheets 9, ro. Repu on Yorkshire Botany for 1880, By F. ARNOLD LEEs, F.L.S. pp. 121—123. By Gro. T. PORRITT, F.L.S. PP: Proceedings of Botanical Section, 1882, p. The Flora of Ripon and Neighbourhood, By Rev. H. H. Suater, M.A., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., pp. 125—152. W. SATCHELL AND CO., - LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., London : PRINTERS, MAY, 1884. 95—I0l. . 102. . 102—108. 108—1II2. . I12—132. . 132—158: 124. 12, TAVISTOCK STREET, W.C. HUNSLET NEW ROAD. ~ OCT 11 1948 | as me Zeology 9). ocr 111945) 80444 Oi es NOCTU. 95 Xylocampa lithoriza Bork. Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Bever- ley! (V.#.D.); Bishop’s Wood, in March (C.S.); Don- caster (W.W.); Huddersfield (7,V.); Richmond (/ Sang) ; Scarborough (Z: W.); York ! (P.L.). Cloantha solidaginis 4. Found on fir trees on moors, or in exposed woods having an undergrowth of bilberry, &c. Askham Bog, one specimen at sugar (V7 P.) ; Halifax! (G.T.P.) ; Huddersfield (7 V.) ; Saddleworth (&. S Edels- ton, Zool., 1844, ll. 734); Scarborough (Z. WV.) ; Sheffield (A:D.). Calocampa vetusta //iis. Bradford (/.W.C.); Hudders- field (/.V.); Pontefract (6.4); Scarborough (7. WW); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Tankersley Park (Rev. /. Johnson, Zool., WEAF, We ORS) 3 Worl (VAI), Calocampa exoleta Z. Generally common. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (7,4); Beverley ! (V.7D.); Bradford (7,W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster (/. Hawley); Huddersfield !(G.7.P.); Ilkley (Z.B:);- Leeds !!(W.7.7:); Pontefract (B.A); Rich- mond (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (.Staznton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; Wakefield (W.7:) ; York ! (Z. Wilson). Xylina conformis W.V. = furcifera Aufn. In the Ento- mologists’ Monthly Magazine, vol. v., p. 278, the late Mr. T. H. Allis recorded the capture of a specimen at Halifax ‘“‘many years since.” It was for a long time in his own collection, and afterwards in that of the late Mr. Thomas Wilkinson of Scarborough. _Xylina rhizolitha WV. Not common. Leeds, occasionally (W.4.T.); Pontefract (B.Z.) ; York (Staznton’s Manual ). Cucullia verbasci Z. Barnsley (/.#.); Beverley, some- times very common (V./.D.); Jackdaw Crag near Tad- caster) (2G, Proc... Vorksh. Nat. Club, July: 1, 1863, G 96 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. p. 152); Market Weighton (C.S.); Selby (Z:/) ; Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.Z.). Cucullia chamomille W.V. Beverley (V.7.D.); Leeds, one at Meanwood, beginning of May, 1877 (A. Denny) ; Pontefract (6.4); Wakefield (W.Z.) ; York (Z. Wilson, Lint. Mo. Mag., Dec., 1870). Cucullia umbratica Z. Widely distributed. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/./.) ; - Beverley ! (V.F.D.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (G. 7:7.) ; Oulton !(/.P.); Pontefract (2.4) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. Z.). Heliothis marginata fad. Common among Ononis arven- szs on the coast. In Holderness ! (.#D.); Redcar (J. Sang) ; Rich- mond (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (4.2.P., /A.R., and T. W.). Heliothis armigera “id. A fine female example was taken at Scarborough by Mr. W. Simmons in 1866 (Zé. Anz., 1867, 2. 153); and Mr. H. Sims shewed me one he took at Haw Park, Wakefield, in October, 1871 (Zxtom. vi. 85). I know of no other. Heliothis dipsacea Z. Recorded as occurring at York by Mr. R. Cook (Zxtom., Feb., 1842); also taken at York in 1859 (R. Anderson, Ent. W. Int., Jan. 21, 1860, p. 134). Heliothis scutosa fad. “On Strensall Common, near York” (#0.M, British Moths, 1871, ili. 38). This re- quires confirmation. - Anarta myrtilli Z. Abundant on heaths, flying in the hot sunshine. Adel Moors !!(WA.T7.); Barnsley (/.@.); Bever- ley !(4V.#.D.); Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Brad- ford! (7,W.C.); Halifax !! (G.7-.); Huddersfield !! (G.TP.); Ukley (A. Denny); Otley Chevin (7. WZ.) ; Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, NOCTUZ. 97 Pateley Moors (4. Denny); Pontefract (B.H.); Richmond (Vs Swe) s Sczdoorcomran Ml ( (eh) s Selloy (72/4) = Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne Waste (W.P.); York (C. Hel- strip). Heliodes arbuti 7ad. Barnsley (/.7.) ; Beverley! (V.F-D.); Bramham (W.H.7.); Doncaster (W. W.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield (/.V.); Pontefract (B.//.) ; Potter- newton near Leeds (W.4.7.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WV. 7.); York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). Hydrelia unca Z. Known only to occur in Yorkshire at Askham Bog, York, where it ‘ flies on sunny afternoons, and just before dusk” (W.P.). Brephos parthenias Z. Beverley, in Houghton Woods (V.ED., Nat., April, 1882, p. 151); Bramham! (/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (/.V.) ; Scarborough (Z.W.); Sheffield (A.D.); Wharncliffe Woods (7. W. Rose); York !(7.H.A. and R.C.). Brephos notha “Az. I fancy the preceding species is some- times mistaken for this. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Sheffield (4.D.); Scarborough (7. W.) ; Sutton-on-Derwent near York (Rev. G. Rudston Read, Ent. W. Int., 1858, p. 36); Wakefield (W.7.) ; York (7\Z4A. and R.C.). Abrostola urticee 7d. Common among stinging nettle. Barnsley (/.#.); Beverley (V#D.); Bradford (J. W.C.); Bramham (/..Sm.); Flamborough Head (£Z./.); Huddersfield !(G.7P,); Ikley( W.Z.C.); Leeds(W.H.T.); Pateley Bridge (4. Denny); Pontefract (B.Z.); Rich- mond (G.P.H.); Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Swillington (/.W.7:); Wakefield (UATE 8 ous (Sasi 2b) 98 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Abrostola triplasia Z. Common among hop growing in gardens, &c. Barnsley (/-#.); Bradford! (7,W.C.); Bramham (J.Sm.); Hambleton (G.Z.); Huddersfield! (G.Z7-P.) ; Leeds!!(W.H.T.); Pontefract (B.47.); Rastrick (G.Z\P.); Richmond (G.?.#.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WV. Z.); York (Z. Wilson). Plusia chrysitis Z. Generally very common among stinging nettles. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.#.); Beverley ! (V.FED.); Bradford ! (/.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (G.7.P.) ; Flamborough Head (2. 7.); Goole!! (John Harrison); Hambleton !(G.7'P.); Huddersfield (G72) edshamy (C.S;) 57 weeds ii e/e)-ankonte- fract (B.H7.); Richmond (/. Sang); Rotherham (W. Thomas); Scarborough (/.4.#.); Sheffield (A.D.) ; South Milford (G.Z7:P.); Wakefield (WZ); Weeton. (W._D.R.). Plusia bractea W.V. York (Stainton’s Manual); Pateley Bridge (2&.C., Wewman’s Entom., Oct., 1842); possibly these are the York specimens of Stainton’s Manual. As this species occurs outside the county at “‘ The Brushes,” Staleybridge, I feel sure it ought to be taken oftener in similar localities within our boundary. Plusia festucee Z. Not common. The larva feeds on the yellow flag (ris pseud-acorus) in marshy ground. Askham Bog (W.P.); Beverley (V.AD.); Goole (J. Harrison); Huddersfield, very rare (P.Z.); Hunslet, occurs in Middleton Wood, but is not common (/. P.). Plusia iota Z. Generally common. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-@.); Beverley ! (V.F4D.); Bradford! (/.W.C.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Driffield (Z. B. Ross); Huddersfield! (G.7°P.); Ilkley (A. Denny); Meanwood ! (W.AT.); Pateley Bridge Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, NOCTUZ. 99 (A. Denny); Pontefract (B.7.); Richmond (/ Sang) ; Rotherham (W Thomas); Rothwell (7.W.7-); Scar- borough “(Stazzton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); Wake- field (W.T.). Plusia V-aureum Gz. As widely distributed and I think still commoner than P. Zofa. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/-#/.); Beverley ! (V.F.D.); Bradford ! (7,.W.C.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Flamborough Head (Z..); Grassington (G.Z7.P?.); Hud- dersfield !(G.7-P.); Ilkley (4. Denny); Leeds (Z.B.); Pontefract (4.4.); Richmond (/ Sang); Rotherham (W. Thomas) ; Scarborough (/.47.R.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.Z.) ; York (Z. Wilson). Plusia gamma Z. Abundant everywhere. Plusia interrogationis 7s, Occurs on the moors, the larvee feeding on ling and bilberry. Driffield (G. R. Dawson, Entom., vil. 23); Harrogate (J. Sang); Hebden Bridge (Zom Mellor); Huddersfield (/.V.); “North Yorkshire Hills” (V.#.D.); Redcar (G. Brook, #.L.S.); Richmond (G.P.H. and /. Sang) ; Scar- borough (/.4.2.); Sheffield (4.D.). Gonoptera libatrix Z. Generally common, but rare in some parts of the south West Riding. I have only seen two or three specimens in the Huddersfield district, though others have been taken there. Askern(S.Z.//.); Askham Bog( W.P.); Barnsley (/.Z.); Beverley ! (4. #D.); Bishop’s Wood (G.7Z7:P.) ; Borough- bridge (W.P.) ; Bradford (7. WC.) ; Bramham !(/..Sm.) ; Goole (/. Harrison); Huddersfield (G. 7:7.) ; Hunslet ! (J-P.); Pontefract (B..); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scar- borough (Z: W.) ; Selby (A...) ; Sheffield (4.D:) ; Wake- field (W.Z.). 100 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Amphipyra pyramidea Z. One would expect this species to be plentiful] in our larger oak and birch woods, but it seems to be not only local but seldom very common where it does occur. Barnsley, rare (/#.); Cusworth near Doncaster (W.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.T.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Amphipyra tragopogonis Z. Common probably every- where. : Mania typica Z. Abundant no doubt everywhere. Mania maura Z. Not uncommon among old poplars and willows. Adel Moor! (W.4.7.) ; Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Barns- ley (/-4.); Beverley! (V.A.D.); Bradford (7.W.C.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Huddersfield ! (G.Z:P.); Ilkley (A. Denny); Leeds !(/.G.); Pannal!(WD.&.) ; Pon- tefract (B.7.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (G. 7.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.T.). Toxocampa pastinum 7Zy. Local, but usually plentiful where it occurs. Its beautiful larvee may readily be found about the end of May feeding on V7cca at night, or in the daytime coiled up among the moss, &c., above the roots of the eaten plants. Askham Bog!!(W.P.); Bramham(/.Sm. and /. W.Z.); Fairburn (C.S.) ; Maltby Wood near Sheffield, “ sixty in one day” (Wm. Laycock, Ent. W. Int., 1858, p. 133) ; Pontefract (B.H.); Scarborough !(G.Z7\P. and /,Z.R.) ; Sheffield ! (4.D. and others). Stilbia anomala Aaw. I have only seen one Yorkshire specimen ; it was taken by Mr. J. W. Carter at Bradford on August 9th, 1877 (G.Z-F.). Catocala fraxini Z. Iam very glad to be able to record the occurrence of four specimens of this magnificent and rare species in our county. Dr. White took a fine speci- Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. NOCTUZ. Io! men in his own garden near Barnsley on September 6th, 1880 ; Mr. T. Wilkinson took one at Scarborough in Sep- tember, 1859, which I have seen; Mr. Jackson shewed me a beautiful example taken at rest on a tree in Stoney- cliffe Wood, Middlestown, near Wakefield, on August 12th, 1875; and one is recorded from Hull in 1858 by Mr. James Young (Zuzt. W. Int, p. 203). Catocala nupta Z. This species, so common in many parts of England, is in our own county apparently as rare as is C. fraxint. J only know of one well authenticated speci- men : it was taken by Mr. George Tyers of Leeds, “ under the coping stone of the wall of Oliver’s Mount School, on Aug. 24th, 1876.” Euclidia mi Z. Widely distributed, but seldom very common. Askham Bog (W.P.); Barnsley (/.Z.); Bishop’s Wood (G.7-P.); Bramham! (/.Sm.); Doncaster (G. Tindall); Wuddersfield (/.V.); Pontefract (B.Z) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7: WW); Sheffield (A.D.); Wakefield (W.T7.); Wentbridge (7. W.7.). Euclidia glyphica Z. Askham Bog (WP); Barnsley (/-#.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (W.W.) ; Flam- borough Head (Z.4.); Huddersfield (/,.V.); Pontefract (B.77.); Richmond (/. Sang); Roche Abbey (W Z. Smith, Ent. W. Int., June 12,1858) ; Scarborough(Z: WV); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Thorner (G.7:) ; Wakefield (W. 7). Phytometra zenea WV. Adel Moor!! (WA.T.); Bram- ham ! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (7.V.); Maltby Common (/.Z.) ; Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wake- field (W.T7.) ; near York (WP). 102 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. DELTOIDES. Hypena proboscidalis Z. Abundant nearly all over the county, but least common in the south West Riding. Hypena rostralis Z. . Sheffield (4.D.). Hypenodes albistrigalis Maw. Scarborough (7: 1). Hypenodes costestrigalis Svepz. Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W). Rivula sericealis MV.V. York (&.C.). Herminia barbalis Z. Wakefield (W7Z-); York (Stacnton’s Manuat ). Herminia tarsipennalis Zz Not uncommon. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (AL); Scar- borough, “‘ on wild raspberry” (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (.Stainton’s Manual ). Herminia grisealis //V. Generally common. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bishop’s Wood (G.Z7:P) ; Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Camblesforth (John Harrison) ; Edlington Wood (/.#.); Huddersfield (G.77-P.) ; Mean- wood (W.#.7.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne (W.W.) ; Wakefield (W. T.). AVENTIA. Aventia flexula 4ad. We have two localities for this peculiar lichen feeder. Scarborough (7.1); York (R2.C., Entom., April, 1842). PYVRALIDES. Pyralis fimbrialis MV. York (&.C, also 7. 7:C., Ent. W, Int., Feb. 16, 1861). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. PYRALIDES. 103 Pyralis farinalis Z. Abundant, probably everywhere. Bradford (/. W.-C.) ; Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Hudders- field !! (G.LP.); Leeds !! (WHT); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W.Z:) ; York (R&.C.). Pyralis glaucinalis Z. Askham Bog (WP) ; Scarborough (Z.W.); Wakefield (W.T.). Aglossa pinguinalis Z. Common, probably everywhere. The larva feeds on chaff and straw. Bradford !(/. W.C.) ; Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Hudders- imelel (GWA) s lees (WAL) 5 Sinesnelel (2L/0))) 2 Wakefield (W.T7.) ; York (&.C.). Aglossa cuprealis >. Recorded from Huddersfield, but I think in error (G.Z‘P). Its larva feeds on chaff and old straw in stable corners, &c. Cledeobia angustalis JV. ‘Ina meadow near Maltby Woods” (/. Batty, Ent. W. Int., June 27, 1857). Pyrausta punicealis .V. The larva feeds on Wepeta catarta. Bramham ! (/..S7.) ; Huddersfield (P.Z.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough ! (/-4R.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Pyrausta purpuralis Z. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Hudders- field (/-V.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (A4.D.) ; ’ Wakefield (W.T.); York (&.C.). Pyrausta ostrinalis id. Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (J. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: WW.) ; York (R.C.). Herbula cespitalis /”%V. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Hudders- field (/.V.); Richmond (/. Savg) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Ennychia cingulalis Z. Richmond (/ Sang). Ennychia octomaculalis Z. This pretty sun-loving species is not uncommon at Hebden Bridge (G.7'P.). Mr. - Varley used to take it at Huddersfield not uncommonly, 104 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. but I have never seen it there, and I fear it is now extinct in the locality. The larva feeds on the golden rod (Solidago virgaurea). Stenia punctalis /7.V. Sheffield (4.D.). Cataclysta lemnalis Z. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bramham (J.Sm.) ; Huddersfield (7. V.); Wakefield (W. 7). Paraponyx stratiotalis Z. Askham Bog (IV.P.); Brad- ford, one at Frizinghall in 1882 (7, WC.) ; Scarborough, not uncommon (7: WV.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Hydrocampa nymphealis Z. Common in suitable localli- | ties: Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Bradford !! (7. WC.) ; Bram- ham ! (/.Sm.); Goole (/. Harrison); Huddersfield (G.T-P.); Killingbeck near Leeds (/. W. T.); Scarborough (J. Harrison) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Wakefield (W.TZ.). Hydrocampa stagnalis Don. The larva feeds on Spar- gantum simplex. Askham Bog (W.FP.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Goole (J. Harrison); Huddersfield (/.V.); Scarborough (/. Harrison) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. 7.). Acentropus niveus O/7. Has occurred near York (£nz. W. Int., vi. 171). The larva feeds on Potamogeton crispus. Botys pandalis is. The larva will eat Solidago virgaurea, Origanum vulgare, and Teucrium scorodonta. Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Botys verticalis /.V. Among stinging nettle. Bingley (/.W.C.); Bishop’s Wood (W.P.); Goole (J. Harrison); Huddersfield (G.Z7:P.); Wadsley Bridge near Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (I. Z:); York (&.C.). Botys fuscalis V.V. The larva feeds on Melampyrum pratense and M, cristatum. Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. PYRALIDES. 105 Askham Bog (W.P.) ; Blubberhouses (Lord Walsing- ham); Bradford (J. W.C.); Harrogate (J. Sang); Hud- dersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield) ; Richmond (J. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Botys terrealis Z7. The larva feeds on the golden-rod (Solidago virgaurea). Scarborough (Z: IV). Botys urticalis Z. Among stinging nettles. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bradford !(/.W.C.); Goole (J. Harrison); Huddersfield, not common (G.Z7-P); Leeds! (WA.T.); Pannal!(WD.R.); Richmond (/. Sang); Selby (K.R.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (W. T.). Ebulea crocealis Zy. The larva feeds on fleabane (Znuzla dysenterica). Doncaster ! (G. T.P.); Flamborough Head (£./7.) ; Redcar (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (Z: W.); Sheffield (4.D.). Ebulea verbascalis VV. ‘The larva feeds on Zeucrium scorodonta. Only recorded from Sheffield (A. D.). Ebulea sambucalis 1 V. Moderately common, sometimes abundant. I once saw an elder tree in my father’s garden, the lower branches of which were fairly stripped by the larvee. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bradford (7. W.C.); Goole (J. Harrison); Halifax (G.7'P.); Huddersfield!(G. Z7.P.); Leeds !!(W.A.T.); Sheffield (4.D.); Wakefield (WT). Pionea forficalis Z. Abundant in kitchen gardens, &c., everywhere. Spilodes sticticalis Z. Local and apparently not so com- mon as formerly. Bramham (/.Sm.); Halifax (Staczton’s Manuac ) ; Huddersfield, in August, 1847 (P.L.) ; Redear (/. Sang) ; Scarborough, formerly abundant (Z: WV.) ; York, in 1879 (Z. Wilson). 106 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Scopula lutealis Haw. Abundant, probably everywhere. I have found the larve freely at Huddersfield, feeding on the leaves on the lower branches of bramble (dus), also on Plantago lanceolata, Ranunculus, Rumex, and other low plants. Scopula olivalis 17 V. Occurs everywhere and is abundant in most places. Least common in some parts of the south West Riding. The larva feeds on stinging nettle and other low plants. - Scopula prunalis ”.V. Also occurs everywhere, and usually in abundance. The larva feeds on Scorodonia, Stachys sylvatica, Lamium galeobdolon, &c. Scopula ferrugalis i. Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7. W.). Stenopteryx hybridalis /7/. I have reared the larvz on Polygonum aviculare, but the proper food plant is uncertain. Askham Bog (W.P.); Flamborough Head (Z./) ; Richmond (/. Saug); Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne Waste (W.P.) ; Wakefield (W.7)). Scoparia ambigualis Z. Abundant everywhere. Scoparia conspicualis odgk. ‘This species was only sepa- rated and named as distinct in 1881 by Mr. Hodgkinson, although that gentleman had been familiar with it at Windermere for some years. Mr. W. Prest had also been taking it for years, and this year (1882) collected it in plenty at Sandburn, York; and on seeing some of Mr. Prest’s specimens I at once recognized it as a species I had taken several years previously at Edlington Wood, near Doncaster, from which locality I had still a few good specimens in my duplicate boxes. Scoparia basistrigalis Azaggs. On Bank holiday, August 4th, 1879, I and others found this fine and local species in the greatest profusion in Edlington Wood, near Doncaster. Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. PYRALIDES. 107 A dozen or more were frequently seen on the trunk ofa single tree. Since then it has been much scarcer, and this year (1882) I failed to find asingle specimen. Mr. W. Prest has also taken it at Bishop’s Wood near Selby, and at York. Scoparia cembree Haw. Widely distributed and common. The form occurring at Huddersfield is the variety Zelleri Wocke, which still stands in some of our lists as a distinct species. The species used to fly in thousands in two rough fields adjoining my house at Highroyd, Huddersfield, but I believe they were all of this form except an occasional specimen of Dr. F. B. White’s dark variety scotica. Whether the specimens taken in the other parts of the county are the typical cembre I do not know, but it would be interesting to ascertain how far the variety extends. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bradford (/7,W.C.); Bram- ham ! (/.Sm.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield !! (GIA), Wecear (Ye Su) 3 © Scadooncwan (12 17%))2 Sheffield (4.D.). Scoparia pyralalis /V/.V. Generally common. Bramham (/.Sm.); . Edlington Wood (Gl). Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield !! (G.7:P.);- Rich- mond (/. Sang). Scoparia muralis Gz. Widely distributed and often abun- dant. In the south West Riding the larvee may be collected in profusion by stripping off the moss growing on old walls. Bradford (/. W.C.); Huddersfield !! (G. 7! P.) ; Rich- mond (/. Sang); Saddleworth !! (G.7-P.); Scarborough (7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Scoparia lineolalis Gz. Doncaster (Stacnton’s Manual) ; Redcar (/. Sag). Scoparia mercuralis Z. Askham Bog (7. P.); Hudders- field (.S.Z.dZ.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). 108 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, Scoparia crategalis Wis. Askham Bog (IW.P.); Bingley (Z.P.P.B:); Bramham (/. Sm.); Edlington Wood(G. 7: P.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Scoparia resinalis Haw. Not common. Scarborough, on ash trees (7: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Scoparia truncicolalis Staznton. Fairly common. I have reared the larvz through on moss. Grassington (G.Z.P.) ; Huddersfield (G. LP); Sear borough (Z: W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York !! (WP). Scoparia coarctalis Ze//. Huddersfield (G.Z7'P.) ; Redcar (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (Z. W.). Scoparia pallidulalis Gz. Only occurs I believe on marshy ground. “On warm moist evenings this species is to be seen sporting in countless numbers in Askham Bog near York” (W.P.) ; Scarborough (7: W). CRAMBITES. Crambus pratellus Z. Common everywhere. Crambus dumeiellus ii. Recorded from York by Mr. Robt. Cook (Mewman’s Entom., April, 1842); Blubber- houses (Lord Walsingham). Crambus hamellus Zhund. Scarborough (7: .). Crambus pascuellus Z. Rather common. Askham Bog (W.P.); Bramham ! (/..S.); Redcar (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Thorne Waste near Goole !! (GAP: Crambus margaritellus id. Local, but probably com- mon where it occurs. I found it abundant on the damp parts only of Thorne Waste, whereas C. pascuellus only occurred on the dry parts. Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, CRAMBITES. 109 Rombald’s Moor near Bradford (/. W.C.); Thorne Waste near Goole !! (G.Z-f.); York (Z2.B.). Grambus pinetellus Z. Sheffield (4.D.). Crambus perlellus Scog. Askham Bog (WP); Rich- mond (/. Sang); Thorne Waste (W. WW). Crambus Warringtoneilus Z//. Occurs commonly on Thorne Waste (WP. and W.W.); but we have no other locality as yet. I believe the northern specimens of this insect are simply a form of C. ferlellus. Except in the New Forest I have never found the two species occurring separately ; and ina field in the Isle of Man I found all the intermediate varieties between one form and the other. The New Forest specimens seem to me altogether darker and have a more irony appearance than any I have taken in the north, but even they may only be an isolated race of a form of C. ferlellus. Crambus selasellus 7d. Askham Bog (WP); Bishop’s Wood (W.P.); Scarborough (7: W). Crambus tristellus 1V. Abundant everywhere. Crambus inquinatellus 1. V. Scarborough (7: W.); Stock- ton-on-the-Forest, and Sandburn, York (W..). Crambus geniculellus aw. Redcar (/. Sang). Crambus culmellus Z. Abundant everywhere. Crambus hortueltus 7. Abundant everywhere. Chilo phragmitellus id. Askham Bog (W.P.) ; formerly abundant at Scarborough (7: W.). Schcenobius forficellus Zzunb. Askham Bog (WP) ; Huddersfield (7.2). Schcenobius gigantellus 1” V. Recordedashaving occurred at York by Mr. R. Cook (Wewman’s Entom., April, 1842). Anerastia lotella Ad. A coast species. Redcar (/. Sang). IIO PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Homezeosoma nimbella Du. Flamborough Head (Z£./) ; larvee in seeds of yarrow, &c., at Scarborough (Z: W/). Mr. Sang records the variety saxicola Vaughan from Redcar, and I think it probable that the form occurring in the two other localities is this variety. Homeeosoma nebulella iid. Not common. The larvee feed in thistle heads in the autumn. Flamborough Head (£2. 7.) ; Scarborough (7: 7). Ephestia elutella “7s. Probably common in suitable places in all the larger towns. Ina chicory warehouse at York Mr. G. C. Dennis obtained in one piece from the ceiling a tough compact web spun by thousands of larvee, measuring between seven and eight feet in length, and four feet in width (see Transactions of Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, part 1, 1877); Huddersheld (G. 7-7); York (WAZ): Ephestia ficella Doug/. Leeds (Z.8.); York (WP). Ephestia pinguedinella Gz. Balby !(W.W.); Sheffield (A.D); York (WZ). Cryptoblabes bistriga Maw. A scarce species but has repeatedly been taken. Doncaster (WV. W.); Huddersfield (P.Z); York (WP. and 7: Wilson). Plodia interpunctella /7id. The larva feeds in warehouses on grain, malt, locust beans, &c. York (WP). Phycis betulella Goetz. The larvae may be found on the upper side of birch leaves, at the end of May. Bramham (/..Sm.); common in the Green Farm Wood, adjoining Sandal Beat, Doncaster (G.Z7’P. and W. W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (W.P.). Phycis carbonarielia isch. Plentiful probably on all heaths, and very partial to the burnt charred parts. No species is more appropriately named than this, for the larva, imago, and habitat are all equally black. Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. CRAMBITES. IL 1Eae Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Flamborough Head (Z.H.); Goole Moors (/. Harrison); Halifax !! (G.ZP.); Huddersfield !!(G.7P.); Leeds (Z.B.) ; Rich- mond (/. Sang); Saddleworth (#&. S. Edelston) ; Scar- borough (7: V.); Sheffield (A.D.); Strensall Common, York !(W.P.); Thorne Waste! (G.Z7-F.). Phycis ornatella 1 V. Only recorded from one locality. York (W. Simmons). Phycis abietella /”V. Not uncommon at Scarborough CLEA) orks @VIZL.). Phycis roborella 1 V. Bishop’s Wood! (Wf.); Bram- ham ! (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster ! (WW) ; York (WP). Pempelia palumbella MV. Sheffield (4.D.); York !! (WP). Rhodopheea consocieila iis. Not generally common. Rossington !(W.WV.); Scarborough (7. IV.) ; York (Z. Wilson). Rhodopheea advenella Zxck. Only recorded from Scar- borough (Z: JV). Rhodopheea tumidella Zxck. About oak trees. Askham Bog and Sandburn, York (JV. P.) ; Bramham (J.Sm.) ; Doncaster ! (IV. W.) ; Scarborough (7: W). Oncocera ahenella VV. WHuddersfield(P.Z); Stainton’s Manual also gives ‘‘the West Riding of. Yorkshire,” prob- ably referring to the above record, but I think the specimen must have got there accidentally somehow, as the locality is a most unlikely one for the species. Melia sociella Z. Goole (G.7\P.); Leeds (Z.2.); Rich- mond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4. D.). Melissoblaptes cephalonica Staznton. This species was _ first described and introduced to science (Znz. Ann., 1866, p. 147) from specimens bred from dried currants at York H It2 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. by Mr. Hind in 1865. Since then it has been taken in London by Mr. C. G. Barrett (to whom I am indebted for my series of the species), but I know of no other captures (GELB. Galleria cerella Gz. The larva feeds in the.comb in old bee-hives. Leeds (£.£.). Meliphora alvearielia Gv. Plentiful wherever old bee- hives are kept. : Huddersfield !! (G.Z.P.); Leeds (Z.B.); Sheffield (Al JD:)) 3. oid (AKC): LOR LERAEES. Halias prasinana JZ. Generally common, but less so in the south West Riding than elsewhere. Bingley (2.P.P.B.); Bishop’s Wood (W.D.R.) ; Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster! (W.W.); Edlington Wood! (G.7:P.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield (G.7-P.); Meanwood !(W.D.R.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough !! (Z! W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York (2.C.). Sarrothripa revayana W.V. Scarce. Scarborough (Z: W.) ; near York (/.7°C., Ent. Aun., 1867, p. 158). : Tortrix pyrastrana Aiis.=podana Scop. Common every- where, probably. Tortrix crategana Aid. = roborana ib. A pretty species and not rare. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Doncaster (W. W.) ; Edlington Wood (G.7:P.); Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (W.P., Ent. W. Int., Feb. 16, 1861). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. 113 Tortrix xylosteana Z. ? Common everywhere. Tortrix sorbiana iid. Rather common. Bishop’s Wood (WV.P.) ; Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Don- caster (W. W.); Huddersfield (7, W.D.); Sheffield(4.D.); Work (2.C.): Tortrix rosana Z. Very common, no doubt everywhere. Tortrix cinnamomeana Z7. Doncaster (WW); York (WP). Tortrix heparana /.V. Common everywhere. Tortrix ribeana Aid. Also common everywhere. Tortrix corylana “i. Generally common. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Edlington Wood ! (G.7\P); Elland (G.7-P.) ; Harrogate (/.Sang) ; Huddersfield ! (GEP))y; Shefiield| (AS); Yorks (7a): Tortrix unifasciana Duv~. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsing- ham); Doncaster (W. W.); Huddersfield (G. 7: P.); Redcar (J. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Tortrix costana WV. Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (P.7.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (C. G. Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1873). Tortrix viburnana /7.V. Common on heaths, &c. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Wuddersfield © (P.Z.); Richmond (/ Sang); Scarborough (7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne Waste !! (G. Z:P.); York !!(W.P.). Tortrix icterana /70/. The larva feeds on Plantago and Centaurea nigra. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Bramham ! (J. Sm.) ; Doncaster (W. W.) ; Flamborough Head (£. 7); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z:W.); Sheffield (CARD Walketteldi(@sie)): Tortrix viridana Z. Abundant everywhere. 114 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Tortrix ministrana Z. Common. Bramham! (/..Sm.); Doncaster! (WV. W.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield! (G.Z.P.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (#.C.). Tortrix adjunctana Z77.=Forsterana Dup.? Common. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Huddersfield ! (G.Z-P.) ; Leeds (C.S.); Richmond (/. Sang); York (2. C.). Tortrix Branderiana Z. Taken at Sheffield by Mr. A. Doncaster, but as yet recorded from no other locality in the county. Dichelia Grotiana 7ad. York (R.C., Newman's Entom., April, 1842). Amphysa Gerningana WV. Huddersfield (G.C.B.JZ) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z:W.); Thorne (WW); York !! (WP). Amphysa Walkerana Curt Huddersfield (PZ). Leptogramma literana Z. Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster (W.W.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough ! (71 W) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Stockton -on-the- Forest, near York (HVE Mord'< (¢aG), Leptogramma scabrana fad. York (#.C.). Leptogramma boscana fads. Flamborough (Rev. £. Hor- Why JO, Vi Spin, WES, jh, 13\i1)) This really is only a form of Z. Scabrana. Peronea sponsana /ab.—favillaceana A>. Common. Bramham ! (_/..S.) ; Huddersfield, abundant in beech hedges bordering gardens, &c. (G.7-P.); Market Weigh- ton !!(W.P.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Peronea autumnana ib. = rufana VV. Huddersfield (P.Z,); Scarborough, abundant on willow and A/yrica gale (ZW) = York (ARaG)): Trans.Y,.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, TORTRICES. TEs Peronea mixtana Aid. Not uncommon on heaths. Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough, abundant on E£7ica tetralix and E. cinerea (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.). Peronea Schalleriana Z. Common. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (W. W.) ; Edlington Wood (G.Z.P.) ; Harrogate (7, Sang); Huddersfield (P./.); Richmond (J. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (ARGS): Peronea comparana fib. Bishop’s Wood (WV. P.); Don- caster (W.W.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang). Peronea comariana Ze//. Bramham (/.Sm.). Peronea Caledoniana Zenz. Blubberhouses (Lord Wal- singham) ; Huddersfield (7. WD.) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.). Peronea variegana 17.V. An exceedingly variable species, abundant in hawthorn hedges everywhere. Peronea cristana W.V. York (&.C.). Peronea hastiana Z. The larva feeds on sallow, willow, and Adyrica gale. Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7: W.); Stren- sall Common (7. L). Peronea ferrugana 17. V. Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Harrogate (J. Sang); Richmond (/ Sang); York-(2.C.). Peronea tristana “ib. Bramham (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (P.Z.) ; Strensall Common (P.Z). Peronea aspersana //iid. Feeds on Spirea filipendula, &c. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Flamborough Head (£./) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Richmond (/. Sazg) ; Scarborough (Z.W.); York (B.C). ; 116 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Teras caudana “fad. I have bred this singular species freely from poplar. Bishop’s Wood (W.P.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Don- caster (IV.W.); Harrogate (f. Sang); Huddersfield ! (G.T.P.) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (L2G5)) Teras contaminana “iid. Abundant among hawthorn everywhere. Dictyopteryx Loeflingiana Z. Common. Bramham ! (/..S.); Doncaster (WW. W.) ; Harrogate (J. Sang); Huddersfield (G.C.B.42_); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (&.C.). Dictyopteryx Holmiana Z. Generally common about hawthorn. Bramham! (/..S7.); Doncaster (WV. W.); Huddersfield (P.L) ; Redcar (J. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (2.C.). Dictyopteryx Bergmanniana Z. Abundant among rose bushes no doubt everywhere. Dictyopteryx Forskaleana Z. Common among maple. Boroughbridge (W.P.); Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Hex- thorpe (W.W.) ; Huddersfield (PZ) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; Words (CC) Argyrotoza Conwayana fad. Very common. Bishop’s Wood (Wf); Boroughbridge (W.P.) ; Bramham ! (/..S7.); Doncaster (1% WV.); Edlington Wood, in plenty by beating yews (G. Z-P.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield (PZ. and G.C.4.42) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Mork (aes): : Ptycholoma Lecheana Z. Very common. Bishop’s Wood (W./.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Don- caster (W. W.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z:W.); Sheffield (ALD) si Viorka (RAG): Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. way), Ditula Hartmanniana Z. Scarborough (7: W.). Ditula semifasciana Haw. Among sallows. Scarborough (Z: W.). Penthina corticana Hiis.=picana “vol. Common. Bramham!(_/..S.); Doncaster (W. W.); Huddersfield (G.CB.M.); Scarborough (ZW); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Vork (WP). -Penthina betulestana Haw. Doncaster (IW.W.); Hud- derstieldy(25/8)) es Works (eG): Penthina prelongana Gz.=sororculana ZetZ. On birch trees. Bramham! (_/..Sm.); Huddersfield (P.Z.) ; Richmond (J. Sang) ; Scarborough (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York (W.P.). a Penthina pruniana 7d. Apparently common everywhere. Penthina cynosbana Z.—variegana iid. Common, no doubt everywhere. Penthina ochromelana Gz.=dimidiana Z7yvezz, Bramham (J. Sm.) ; Huddersfield (PZ). Penthina sauciana 7d. Abundant at Blackhills near Bingley in 1882 (£.P.P.8.); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.). Penthina gentianana Curt. Larva feeds in seed-heads of teazle (Dipsacus sylvestris). Doncaster (WV. W.). Penthina marginana aw. Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough, in seed-heads of Scabdosa (T. W.). Penthina fuligana Aiid.=carbonana Dé/. Scarborough (Z. W.). Antithesia salicana Gz. Bramham (/..S.). 118 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Spilonota ocellana JV. Common. Askham Bog( WP.) ; Bramham! (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster (W.W.); Harrogate (J. Sang) ; Redcar (/. Sang); Rich- mond (/. Sang); York, bred from plum (G. C. Dennis). Spilonota lariciana Ze//. Mr. W. Warren used to find this species at Doncaster “ flying round young larches at dusk, in company with Z! cinnamomeana and P. occiultana.” Spilonota dealbana /70/. Doncaster (W.W.) ; Harrogate (J. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Spilonota neglectana Duwp. Bramham! (_/.Sm.) ; Hudders- field (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield) ; Sheffield (A.D.). Spilonota suffusana Kolar. Bramham! (/..Sm.); Doncaster (WE) 37 uddersteld V7) jaRedear ak, Sag): Sheffield (4.D.). Spilonota roborana W.V. Bramham! (_/. S.); Doncaster (W.W.); Harrogate (7, Sang); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Pardia tripunctana 1V.V. Probably everywhere. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Bramham ! (J.Sm.); Doncaster (W.W.); Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield (PZ); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (J. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Aspis Udmanniana Z. Common. The larva feeds on bramble. Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster (W.W.); Hudders- field !(G.Z-P.) ; Sheffield (4. D.). Sericoris lacunana JV. Common no doubt everywhere. Sericoris urticana Aid. Also plentiful probably everywhere. Sericoris micana “ib. Scarborough (Z: W.). Mixodia Schulziana /ad. Huddersfield (G.C. 2.12); Rich- mond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. 119 Mixodia Ratzburghiana Sax. Scarborough, among firs (7. W). Roxana arcuana Z. Edlington Wood ( . W.); Scarborough (LW). | Orthoteenia antiquana ib. Huddersfield (7.7). Orthoteenia striana WV. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Don- caster (W. IV.) ; Huddersfield (7.7). Orthoteenia ericetana ent. “One at Stockton-on-the- Forest in 1877” (W.P.). Phtheocroa rugosana //id. Larva feeds in the berries of Bryonta diotca. Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster (W.W.); York (Z. Wilson). Cnephasia lepidana Curi. = politana Haw. Found on heaths. Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough, abundant among bilberry (Z: WW). Cnephasia musculana “id. Abundant, probably every- where. Bishop’s Wood (IV.P.); Bramham ! (/..S.); Don- caster (W. W.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield (PZ); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang). Sciaphila nubilana 7/7. Common. Harrogate(/. Sang); Huddersfield(G.Z7\P.); Sheffield (AD’). Sciaphila subjectana Steph. Common. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Bramham ! (j/.Sm.); Doncaster (W.W.); Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield (G.7'7.); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (J. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Sciaphila virgaureana Zy. Also abundant, probably every- where. 120 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Doncaster (W. WW.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Hudders- field (G. 7: P.) ; Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York (2.C.). Sciaphila chrysantheana Duvf.=alternana W.V. Larva feeds in the ox-eye daisy, and probably other composite. _ Redcar (/. Sang). Sciaphila pascuana Sv. ?’—pasivana 77d. Some larve I collected in the flowers of Ranunculus bulbosus in a rough field adjoining Lepton Great Wood, Huddersfield, in 1882, produced this species freely, along with plenty of S. iclericana and one specimen of S. octomaculana (G.T.P.). Sciaphila hybridana 4. Common. Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster (IV. W.); Huddersfield . (P.L.) ; Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang). Sciaphila octomaculana Haw.? I have bred this species from Ranunculus flowers, but it also feeds on thistle, and no doubt, like so many of its congeners, on numerous other plants. It is widely distributed and common in the county. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); WHuddersfield (G.Z.P. and P.L) ; Scarborough (7: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Sphaleroptera ictericana Haw. I bred this freely in July, 1882, from larve collected the previous month with those of S. pascuana in flowers of Ranunculus bulbosus in a field adjoining Lepton Great Wood, Huddersfield (G. 7° F). Capua ochraceana Steph. Doncaster (JV. IV.) ; Edlington Wood (G.7-7.) ; Huddersfield (PZ). Clepsis rusticana Z~ Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (J. Sang). Bactra lanceolana Aid. Common in damp fields where rushes grow. Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. 121 Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Doncaster (W.W.); Haigh! (G.Z°P.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang); Rich- mond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (A. D.). Bactra furfurana Haw. Not common. Scarborough (Z: 7). Phoxopteryx unguicana Z. Hexthorpe near Doncaster (W.W.) ; Huddersfield (PZ) ; Scarborough (Z: W). Phoxopteryx biarcuana Séegh. Sandburn near York (WP). Phoxopteryx subarcuana Wik. =inornatana ZS. Sandburn near York (W..). Phoxopteryx myrtillana Zz. I found this species in pro- fusion among bilberry in a wood near Huddersfield, on June oth, 1883. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham) ; Huddersfield !! (G.LP.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (4.D.). Phoxopteryx lundana fad. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Harro- gate (J. Sang); Hexthorpe near Doncaster (W.W,) ; Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (7 Sang); Sheffield (CAD Mor (IG) aa Phoxopteryx Mitterbacheriana JV. Larve feed on oak. : Boroughbridge (W.P.); Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Don- caster (W.W.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield (PL). Phoxopteryx harpana //7/d.—ramana Z.—lactana ad. Not uncommon among poplars. Bramham !(/..S#.); Doncaster (G.Z:P.); Harrogate (J. Sang); Scarborough ! (Z’W.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (WP). E22 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Grapholita ramana Z.—Paykulliana /ad. Not un- common among birches. Doncaster (W.W.); Edlington Wood (G.Z7:P.) ; Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (/. Sang); York (Z- Wilson). Grapholita nisana JZ. Bramham (/.Sm.); Harrogate (J. Sang); Huddersfield (P.7); Richmond (/. Sang); Thorne (W.W.) ; York (2.C.). Grapholita nigromaculana Haw. Among ragwort. Goole (WP); Redcar (/. Sang); Scarborough (TW). Grapholita Campoliliana //7.V. =subocellana Don. Among sallows. Bramham ! (_/..Sm.); Doncaster (W. WV.) ; Harrogate (J. Sang) ; Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Richmond (/. Sang). Grapholita trimaculana Don. Common among elm. Doncaster (W. W.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Hudders- field (P.Z) ; Richmond (/ Sang). Grapholita Penkleriana //V. Common. Bramham ! (/..S7.) ; Doncaster (WV. WV.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough ! (7: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York (2.C.). Grapholita obtusana Haw. Among hazel, &c. Bishop’s Wood !! (W/.); Bramham ! (/,.Sm.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Grapholita nevana fib. Larve in the young shoots of holly. Doncaster (WV. W.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Hudders- field (PZ) ; Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.). Grapholita geminana Steph. Richmond (/ Sang); Sheffield (4.D. and W. WV). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. 123 Phleeodes tetraquetrana aw. Among birch, alder, &c. Common. Doncaster (W. IV.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Hudders- field (P.7.); Richmond (/. Sang). Phlesodes immundana /isch. Huddersfield (PL) ; Scar- borough (Z: WV). Phleodes crenana //7ib. Common at Scarborough (7: WV). Hypermecia cruciana Z. = augustana D.L. Larvee in sallow shoots. Bramham (/. Sm.) ; Doncaster(W.W.); Harrogate (J. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York!! (HEE: Batodes angustiorana Haw. Common. Bishop’s Wood, about oaks (W./.); Bramham ! (S72) Doncaster (Ws) Richmond \(/ S272) York (&£.C.). Poedisca bilunana aw. Rather common among birches. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Doncaster (W.W.); Edlington Wood ! (G.7'F.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Scarborough (Ao) 5 Sistine (LID) 3 oss (WiAI2), Poedisca corticana /V.V. Abundant among oaks. Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster (WV. IV.); Harrogate (J. Sang); Wuddersfield (PZ); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (2.C.). Poedisca profundana JV. Greetland Moors near Hali- fax (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield); ‘‘ bred from dwarf sallows at York by Mr. Jackson” (IV. P.). Poedisca ophthalmicana id. Not uncommon among poplars. Bishop’s Wood (WV.P.) ; Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Red- car (J. Sang) ; Scarborough ! (7: W.); York (P. W.). 124 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Poedisca occultana Dougl. Among fir trees. Blubberhouses !! (Lord Walsingham); Bramham ! (J. Sm.); Doncaster (W.W.); Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield (P.Z.); Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough! Poedisca solandriana Z. A most variable species, abundant in woods everywhere. Poedisca semifuscana Haw. Abundant on MWyrica gale at Askham Bog (W.P.); Doncaster (WW); Richmond (J. Sang). Poedisca sordidana Ais. = stabilana Steph. Bishop’s Wood (W.P.); ‘‘ by beating alders at York in September ” (W.P.); and I think I have taken it at Edlington Wood (GEE: Ephippiphora bimaculana Dox. Common among birches, especially in woods having an undergrowth of heather. In such a wood at Huddersfield, inSeptember, 1882, I found the species in profusion ; in one part of the wood every tap at the birch trees brought them out, and they were to be seen seated on the tops of the heather in all directions. The larva feeds in the shoots of birch in spring. Bramham ! ( /.Sm.); Haigh!(G.7°P.); Harrogate (J. Sang); Huddersfield !!(G.7:P.); Richmond (/. Sang); Saltaire (W.P.); York (W.P.). Ephippiphora cirsiana Ze//. Bramham (/.Sm.); Don- caster (W.W.); Wuddersfield (G.C_B.MZ.); Redcar (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (2.C.). Ephippiphora pflugiana Haw.—scutulana WV. Larve in thistle stems. Doncaster (/V.JV.); Flamborough Head (£4.77); Huddersfield (G.Z:P.); Richmond (/. Sag); Sheffield (A.D.); York (#.C.). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. 125 Ephippiphora Brunnichiana /V.V. Larva feeds in the flower stems of coltsfoot (Zussilago farfara). Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Hexthorpe near Doncaster (W.W.); Redcar (J. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.). Ephippiphora turbidana Zr. “On the banks of the river Don between Sheffield and Rotherham” (4.D.). Ephipphiphora nigricostana Haw. Larva in roots of Stachys sylvatica. Near Doncaster ! (W.W.); Hexthorpe (WW); Huddersfield (PZ) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Ephippiphora trigeminana Stefi. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster (WW. W.); Redcar (/. Sang). Ephippiphora ephippana Aid.=populana Fad. Larva in shoots of sallow. Scarborough (Z. V.). Ephippiphora ravulana 4S. Mr. W. Warren found three specimens basking in the sun on birch leaves in the Green Farm Wood adjoining Sandal Beat near Doncaster. Olindia ulmana Ad. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Edlington Wood (G.Z7-f. and T. Wilson); Harrogate (/. Sang). Semasia spiniana /isch. Flies in the afternoon sunshine. Scarborough (7: IV). Semasia rufillana Ze//. Feeds on wild carrot (Daucus carota). Redcar (/. Sang). Semasia Weeberana Schiff. On fruit trees, &c. Huddersfield (PZ); Sheffield (4.D.); York (&.C.). Coccyx strobilana Z. Feeds in spruce fir cones, which should be gathered in winter. Huddersfield (P./.) ; Scarborough (Z: W). 126 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Coccyx splendidulana Gz. About oaks, &c. Doncaster ( V. V.); Huddersfield (7.7); Scarborough (LZ. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Coccyx argyrana //iib. Also among oaks. Doncaster (/V. WW.) ; Huddersfield (P.7.) ; Richmond (J. Sang); Scarborough (7: WV.) ; Sheffield (A. D.). Coccyx hyrciniana Us/ar. Larva feeds on spruce fir. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Doncaster (W.W.); Richmond (/. Sang); Sheffield (4.D.) ; Tad- caster (f. H. Wood, Ent. Mo. Mag., xv. 109); York (W.P.). Coccyx distinctana Zenz. A scarce species. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Tadcaster, among Adzes picea (J. H. Wood, Ent. Mo. Mag., xv. 109). Coccyx ustomaculana Curt. The larva feeds on Vaccinium vitis-idea. Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Coccyx vacciniana /isch. Huddersfield (PZ); Harrogate (/. Sang); Scarborough, abundant among bilberry on the moors (Z: IV). Heusimene fimbriana S¢efh. Larva on oak. Bramham ! (/..S7.) ; Huddersfield (P.Z.) ; Richmond (J. Sang); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York (2.C.). Pamplusia monticolana J/ann. Scarborough (7: W.). Retinia buoliana WV. “By beating fir at Sandburn, Woe” (UAI2)y Retinia pinicolana Dé/. Bramham ! (_/..Sm.) ; “beaten from fir at Sandburn, York” (W.P.). Retinia pinivorana Ze//. Scarborough, among firs (Z: W.) ; “beaten from fir at Sandburn, York” (IV. P.). Retinia resinana Z. Huddersfield (7.7). Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. Op Carpocapsa grossana Haw. Scarborough (7: 1”). Carpocapsa pomonana Z. The larva feeds in apples. Huddersfield (P.7.); Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (AED) Mork (xa. ). Opadia funebrana 77. Larvee feed inside plums. Scarborough (7: 1%). Endopisa nigricana /ad.=nebritana 77.=pisana Gu. Larvee feed inside pea-pods. Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Scarborough ! (7: W,). Stigmonota dorsana /ad.=Ilunulana WV. The larve feed in pods of Orobus tuberosus. Scarborough (71 W., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiii. 159). Stigmonota orobana 77. This species was first discovered in England by Mr. T. Wilkinson, who bred it from larvee in the pods of Vicia sylvatica collected on the cliffs to the north of Scarborough. Some were sent to Mr. Doubleday as S. Zunulana, but he at once saw they were distinct (Zz. Mo. Mag. x. 148, and xiii. 158). Stigmonota coniferana Ratzb. Among firs. Harrogate (_/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough (7. W.). Stigmonota periepidana Haw. Larva feeds on Ovobus - tuberosus). Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Richmond (/. Sazg). Stigmonota internana Gz. Huddersfield (PZ); Rich- mond (/. Sang); Scarborough, common among whin (Z. W.) ; Strensall Common, in June (IVP). Stigmonota composana fad. Among clover. Doncaster (W. W.) ; York (#.C.). Stigmonota Weirana Dougl. = flexana Zell. Mr. W. Warren used to take this species in the Green Farm Wood adjoining Sandal Beat, Doncaster. 128 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, Stigmonota nitidana 7ad.=redimitana Gz. The larve feed between united oak leaves. Doncaster (W. W.). Stigmonota Trauniana Sciif Should be looked for among maple. Huddersfield (P.7.) ; Scarborough (71). - Stigmonota regiana Ze//. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Scar- borough !!, the larva feeds under the loose bark of syca- more (7. W.); Sheffield (4.D.). Stigmonota puncticostana Szeph. Scarborough (7: WW). Stigmonota roseticolana Z//—Germarana Hid. Among wild rose, the larva feeding in the hips. Doncaster (W. W.) ; Scarborough (7. W.). Dicrorampha politana 17. V. Among yarrow. Huddersfield (P.Z.) ; Sheffield !!(4.D. and WW). Dicroramphaalpinana 77. Larva feeds on tansy ( Zanacetum vulgare). Hexthorpe near Doncaster ! (W. WV). Dicrorampha petiverana Z. Among yarrow (Achillea millefolium). Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Hexthorpe near Doncaster !! (W. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Dicrorampha plumbana Scof.=ulicana Guz. About the ox-eye daisy. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Richmond ! (/. Sang). Dicrorampha herbosana Jarrett. This comparatively recent addition to the British list Mr. W. Warren bred from larve found abundantly at roots of yarrow at Hexthorpe near Doncaster. Dicrorampha consortana Steph. The larva feeds in the shoots of the ox-eye daisy. Scarborough (Z: W). Trans.Y.N,U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. : 129 Pyrodes rhediana Z. Among hawthorn. Hexthorpe near Doncaster (17. W.) ; Richmond (/. Sang). Catoptria albersana id. Scarborough, on honeysuckle (ZW). Catoptria ulicetana Haw. Common, probably everywhere, about furze, &c. Bramham ! (/..S7.) ; Doncaster !! (WV. W.) ; Hudders- field (P.Z.); Richmond !! (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Catoptria juliana Curt. The larve feed in acorns. Sheffield (A.D.). Catoptria hypericana Aid. Probably common wherever the food-plant (Aypericum) grows freely. Bramham!(_/..Sm.); Doncaster!! (WV. W.) ; Edlington Wood ! (G.7-P.); Richmond ! (/. Sang); Sheffield (A.D.). Catoptria cana Haw.=scopoliana Wilk. Among thistles. Some confusion exists in collections as to the nomencla- ture of this and the next species, consequently I only give those localities which seem certain: of part of those I have had sent it is doubtful to which species the localities belong. : Doncaster (W.W.); Wuddersfield (P.Z.); Redcar ! (J. Sang) ; Richmond ! (/. Sang). Catoptria scopoliana Haw. = Hohenwarthiana Gz. -Common ; the larva feeds in the seed heads of Centaurea nigra. Bramham ! (/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (W. W.) ; Hudders- field! (G.Z.P.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Z: Wilson). Catoptria expallidana Haw. I took this species in my own garden at Highroyd, Huddersfield, but I know no other record for the county. Its food plant, Sozchus arvensis, grew freely in the adjoining fields. 130 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Catoptria pupillana Z. Abundant about wormwood (47¢e- mista absynthtum) at Scarborough (7: W). Trycheris mediana 17 V.=aurana fad. Flies in the hot sunshine. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Doncaster (WW); Flam- ‘ borough Head (£.4.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Hudders- field (PZ); Scarborough (7.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); Words (En) Choreutes scintilulana Hs. Abundant among Scutellaria galericulata at Scarborough (Z: W). Xylopoda fabriciana Z. Generally common among nettles. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Grassington(G.Z7:P.); Mickley near Ripon (G.Z-P.); Redcar !! (7. Sang); Richmond !! (J. Sang); Sheffield (A.D.). Eupeecilia nana Haw. Common. Doncaster !!( WV. W.) ; Huddersfield! (G. 7: P.); Rich- mond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Eupeecilia atricapitana Szepi. Larva feeds in stems of ragwort. Doncaster (W.W.); Flamborough Head (£./7.) ; Huddersfield (P.7.) ; Scarborough (7. 7). Eupeecilia maculosana aw. Flies in the morning sun- shine. Bramham ! (/..Sm.); Doncaster (WV. W.) ; Hudders- field (P.£.) ; Richmond (/. Sang). Eupeecilia sodaliana Haw. On AHieractum at Scarborough (7. W.). Eupeecilia hybridellana ///.=carduana Zé/. Bred by Mr. T. Wilkinson of Scarborough from seed-heads of Picris hieractoides (Ent. Mo. Mag., xv. 141). Eupoecilia angustana /iib. Generally common on heaths. Doncaster (W.W.); Flamborough Head (£2.27) ; Huddersfield (G.Z:P.); Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scar- Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TORTRICES. I31 borough (W. R. Jeffrey, Ent. Mo. Mag., xv. 142) ; Thorne Waste ! (G.Z-P.); York, abundant at Strensall Common (WP.). Eupeecilia ciliana A7.—ruficiliana Haw. Larva feeds in the seed-heads of various species of Primula. Huddersfield (P.Z.) ; Richmond (/. Sang). Xanthosetia zoegana Z. Generally distributed. Bramham! (/..S.); Doncaster( W. W.); Flamborough Head (Z.4.); Huddersfield (P.7.); Redcar (7. Sang) ; Richmond (/. Sazg) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (WP.). Xanthosetia hamana Z. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Doncaster (W.W.); Flamborough Head (#.4%.); Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield); Redcar! (/. Sang) ; Richmond! (/. Sang); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York (WP). Chrosis tesserana IV. Scarborough !! (Z. 17). Argyrolepia Baumanniana /V.’.=Hartmanniana Clerk. Bramham ! (/.Sm.); Huddersfield (P.7.); Sheffield - (ALD Argyrolepia subbaumanniana Wik. Richmond (/. Sang). Argyrolepia badiana 7. Larva feeds in the roots of Arctium lappa. Bramham (/..$7.) ; Scarborough (Z: 7). Argyrolepia cnicana Dé/. Among thistles. Bishop’s Wood !(W.P.) ; Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Flam- borough Head (£./4.) ; Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Scarborough (Z.W.); Sheffield (A.D.); York (Ent. W. Int., 1860, p. 134). Conchylis dilucidana Steff. The larva feeds in the stems of the wild parsnip (Fastinaca sativa). Doncaster (W. IV). Conchylis Smeathmanniana ad. Larva feeds in the heads of Achillea millefolium, Centaurea nigra, &c. 132 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Doncaster (W.W.); Redcar (/. Sang). Conchylis stramineana Haw. Common. ‘The larva feeds in the heads of Centaurea nigra. Bramham (/.Sm.); Flamborough Head (£.4.); Huddersfield (G.7.P.); Richmond! (/. Sang); Sheffield (ALID))) 3 Sores ( WiAIZ)) Conchylis gigantana Gz.=alternana Steph. Larva feeds in heads of Centaurea scabiosa. Huddersfield (P.Z.). Gonchylis inopiana Aaw. Occurs among fleabane (Zula dysenterica). Scarborough ! (7: W.). Aphelia pratana i. = osseana Scop. Common ; fre- quenting grassy parts of heaths and moors, grassy slopes, &c. Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Grassington !! (G.Z-P.); Hud- dersfield! (G.Z:P.) ; Richmond !! (/. Sang) ; Saddleworth Moors (&. 5S. Zdelston) ; Sandburn neax York ( W.P.). Tortricodes hyemana i>. Common. Bramham ! (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster!! (W. W.) ; Hudders- field (P.7.); Richmond!(/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York (Z: Watson). TINE. Lemnatophila phryganella A. Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Huddersfield (P./.); Scarborough!! (Staznton’s Manual); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Z. Wilson). Lemnatophila salicella Ab. Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield) ; York (Z. Wilson). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINES. 09 Exapate gelatella Z. MHuddersfield, in my own garden (G.T-P.) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York! (7. Wilson). Diurnea fagella WV. Abundant everywhere and very variable, some being very pale grey, others nearly black. Epigraphia avellanella 7. Doncaster (I. V.); Hud- dersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield ) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; York (Z. Wilson). Epigraphia Steinkellneriella 1. Doncaster (1. IV) ; Huddersfield (P./.) ; Scarborough, abundant on hawthorn and mountain-ash (Z: W.); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stazn- ton’s Manual ). Taleeporia pubicornella AHaw.? Grassington (2Z.A., Stainton’s Manual, and Young Naturalist, August, 1882). Taleeporia pseudo-bombycella Och. Doncaster!!(W. W,) ; Scarborough, abundant on sycamore trunks (7: WV.) ; York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Psyche roboricolella 47. Gledhow (7. W.7:); Hudders- field (Hobkirk’s History of Fluddersfield) ; Sheffield (A.D.); York (Ext. W. Int., 1860, p. 134). Solenobia inconspicuella S¢z. Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s Fistory of fluddersfield ) ; York (Statnton’s Manual ). Psychoides Verhuellella Aeyd. Richmond (Staznton’s Manual); “Mr. Braim met with the larve mining the leaves of Scolopendrium vulgare last December” (Ent. Ann., 1858, ~. 104). ‘‘ Unknown there to me” (/. Sang). Diplodoma marginepunciella Szeph. Huddersfield (PZ); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Xysmatodoma melanella Haw. York (Stainton’s Manual). Ochsenheimeria Birdella Curt. Huddersfield (PZ); Scarborough ! (Staznton’s Manual); York (Stainton’s Manual ). 134 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Ochsenheimeria bisontella Zzenig. Huddersfield (PZ). Scardia emortuella Z/.=corticella Curt. Huddersfield (P.L) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). Scardia granella Z. Doncaster !! (WW) ; Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual) ; York !! (Stainton’s Manual ). Scardia cloacella aw. Common probably everywhere. Doncaster !! (IV. W.) ; Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Redcar !! (J. Sang); Richmond !! (7. Sang) ; Scarborough!! (Stazz- ton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York !! (Z. Wilson). Scardia arcella fad. Edlington Wood (WW); Scar- borough ! (7. W.), Tinea imella Zid. Not common. Stockton (Zool., 1856, xiv. 5003). Tinea rusticella 2, Common probably everywhere. Doncaster (JV. W.); Huddersfield(G. 7: P.) ; Redcar!! (J. Sang) ; Richmond!! (7, Sang) ; Scarborough!! (.S¢azn- ton’s Manual ); Sheffield (A.D.). Tinea fulvimitrella Sodof Widely distributed, but not common. | Bingley, one at Hawksworth Wood in June, 1882 (Z.P.P.B.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster (WW) ; Rotherham (Stainton’s Manual); Scarborough (7. WV.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York, in 1882 (Z. lWilson). Tinea tapetzella Z. Very common everywhere. Tinea misella Ze. York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). Tinea pellionella Z. In warehouses, &c., probably every- where. Doncaster (WV. W.); Huddersfield ! (G.Z.P.); Scar- borough !! (Staznton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York! (Stainton’s Manual ). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINEA. 135 Tinea fuscipunctella aw. Common. Huddersfield (G.Z°P.); Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual); York (R. Anderson). Tinea pallescentella S¢z. Common in warehouses, &c. Doncaster (WV. W.); Huddersfield !!(G.Z°P.) ; Leeds (Z.B.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Tinea ganomella Z7=lapella St. Common. Bramham (/..Sw.) ; Huddersfield (P.Z.); Redcar (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (.Stainton’s Manual ); Sheffield (77. ZT. Stainton, Zool., 1849, p.. 2630); Thorne (W.W.) ; York (Statnton’s Manual ). Tinea biselliella Memm. Abundant in warehouses, the larvee feeding on wool, hair, feathers, &c. Doncaster! (W.W.); Huddersfield !!(G.7\P.) ; Scar- borough !! (S¢aznton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). Tinea nigripunctella Haw. Edlington Wood (WW); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Tinea semifulvella Haw. Bishop’s Wood (W.P.) ; Edling- ton Wood (W.P.); Flamborough Head (Z.Z.); Rich- mond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z. W.) ; Thorne (WW) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). Tinea bistrigella Maw. Among birch, in the leaves of which the larva feeds. Doncaster( WV. W.) ; Harrogate! (/. Sang) ; Hudders- field (P.Z.); Richmond! (/. 20S ; Scarborough !!(Z' 7); Worka(iG.): Lampronia quadripunctella fad. Thorne !! (WIV); York (Staznton’s Manuat ). Lampronia luzella Ad. Bramham (/..Sm.); Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield ) ; Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: 1.) ; York (Stainton’s Manuat ). 136 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Lampronia prelatella 17 V. Edlington Wood!! (WW) ; Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield); Rich- mond (/. Sazg); Scarborough (Z: 7). Lampronia rubiella Berk. Doncaster!( WV. WV.) ; Hudders- field (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield) ; Richmond! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (S/aznton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Incurvaria masculella WV. Generally common. Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster!! (WV. W.) ; Harrogate! (J. Sang); Huddersfield (P.Z); Richmond! (/ Sang) ; Scarborough !! (Stazuton’s Manual); York (W.P.). Incurvaria Zinckenella Ze//. Halifax (H. ZT. Stainton, Zool, 1843, Pp. 2031) Evudderstield (Gs 77) ea scar borough (&.C.); Thorne (WW.); York ! (Statnton’s Manual ). Incurvaria tenuicornella S¢z. Wharncliffe(C..S. Gregson, Ent. W. Int., April 26, 1856). Incurvaria CEhlmanniella id. Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (Z: WV.) ; York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Incurvaria capitella Z. Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ). Micropteryx calthella Z. Doncaster !!( WV. WV.) ; Hudders- field (PZ); Mickley near Ripon !! about buttercup flowers (G.Z-P.); Richmond !! (/. Sang) ; Scarborough, about flowers of marsh marigold (Z: IV.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). Micropteryx Seppella a. Doncaster !! (7 WV); Flam- borough Head (#.H.) ; Huddersfield (G.Z7°A); Scar- borough! (.Staznton’s Manual); York! (Stainton’s Manuat). Micropteryx mansuetella Ze//. York (Stainton’s Manuat). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINE. 137 Micropteryx Allionella ad. Huddersfield !(G.7-P.) ; Richmond !! (7. Samg); Scarborough, about spike-heads of wood sedge, Carex sylvatica (T.W.); York | (Stainton’s Manual). Micropteryx Thunbergella /ad. Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond!!(/. Sazg); Scarborough !! (.Staznton’s Manual); Sedbergh (W. W.) ; York, in 1877 (WP). Micropteryx purpurella Stepz. Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Hud- dersfield (P.7.); Scarborough ! (Staznton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York !(W.FP.). Micropteryx salopiella Stz. Bramham (/.Sm.); Don- caster (W. W.) ; Scarborough, on birch (7: 7). Micropteryx semipurpurella SzeffZ. Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Huddersfield(P.Z) ; Richmond!!(_/. Samg); Scarborough!! (Stainton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (A.D.); York ! (W.P.) Micropteryx unimaculella Zef¢. Richmond ! (/ Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W., Ent. Ann., 1862, p. 123); York! (Stainton’s Manual ). Micropteryx Sparmanella osc. Richmond! (7 Sang) ; Scarborough, among birch (Z:W.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Micropteryx subpurpurella Haw. Castle Howard (W.P.); Doncaster !! (W.W.); Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond ! (J. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W., Ent. Ann., 1863, p. 154) ; York (WP). Micropteryx fastuosella Ze//. The larva feeds in hazel leaves. Larve at Richmond (/. Samg); imago at York (/. Sang). Nemophora Swammerdamella Z. Doncaster ! (WW) ; Huddersfield (G.Z7:P.); Richmond ! (/. Sang); Scar- borough !! (.Staznton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (A.D.); York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). 138 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Nemophora Schwarziella Ze/. Doncaster ! (W.W.); Huddersfield !! (G.Z!P.) ; Richmond !! (7. Sang); Scar- borough (7: W.); York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). Nemophora pilella | ./. Recorded from Scarborough and York, but Mr. Sang thinks it very doubtful if it occurs in Yorkshire, and that the supposed specimens were merely dark examples of 1V. Schwarzzella. Nemophora metaxella 7. Occurs on marshy ground. Askham Bog! (W.f.); Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Scar- borough (Stacuton’s Manual); York (Z: Wilson). Adela fibulella ”V. Feeds on speedwell (Veronica cham- @arys). Doncaster (W.W.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough (7: V7) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manuat ). Adela rufimitrella Scop. 2 Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough (Z: W.); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Adela sulzella W.V. Scarborough (7: W.) ; York (W.P.). Adela Degeerella Z. Doncaster !! (IV. WW.) ; Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York (/. Birks). Adela viridella Z. Bramham (/..S7.); Doncaster !! (WW. W7) ; Huddersfield !!(G.7-P.); Richmond !! (7. Sang); Scar- borough !! (Stainton’s Manual ); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manuat ). Nemotois cupriacella i. Scarborough, about scabious (7. W.). Nemotois minimella Zed. York (7: Wilson, Ent. Mo. Mag., xvi. 211). Swammerdamia comptelia A7d.=apicella Don. ? Red- car (/. Sang); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual) ; York ! (Z. Wilson). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, TINEA. 139 Swammerdamia cesiella _/7id. Doncaster !! (IW); Huddersfield (P.Z.); Scarborough (Staznton’s Manual) ; York (Z: Wilson). Swammerdamia oxyacanthella S¢z.? Doncaster !! (W.W,). . Swammerdamia griseocapitella Sz. Harrogate (/. Sang); Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Staznton’s Manual); York ! (Statnton’s Manuat ). Swammerdamia lutarella Haw. Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual); York (Statnton’s Manual ). Swammerdamia pyrella Vz/7. Doncaster (W. WV.) ; Harro- gate !! (/. Sang); Huddersfield (PZ); Redcar !! (/. Sang); Richmond ! (/. Sazg); Scarborough (Staznton’s Manual); York (Z. Wilson). Yponomeuta plumbella W.V. Larva feeds on spindle. Edlington Wood, common ‘some seasons (G.7:P., W.P.,and W.W.); Richmond (Staznton’s Manual ). Yponomeuta padella Z. Bramham (/.S.); Doncaster (W.W.) ; Huddersfield (PZ); Scarborough !! (Stacnton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York !(Z. Wilson). Yponomeuta cognatella ffiib. Wuddersfield (7.7) ; Scar- borough !! (Statnton’s Manual); York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). Yponomeuta evonymella Z.=padi Z//. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster (W.W.); Wuddersfield (PZ); Richmond !! (7. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York ! (Stazuton’s Manuat ). Anesychia funerella ad. Mr. J. Sang informs me that this local and beautiful species occurs at Richmond, and on the Yorkshire side of Barnard Castle. I40 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Pepilla Curtisella Doz. Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster ! (W.W.); Flamborough Head (£.4.); Harrogate !! (7. Sang) ; Huddersfield (PZ); Redcar !!(/. Sang); Rich- mond !! (/. Sazg) ; Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York ! (.Stainton’s Manual ). Plutella xylostella Z.—cruciferella Ze//. Common among cruciferous plants. Bramham(/..S.); Doncaster !( VV. WV.); Flamborough Head (£.4.) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield (PZ); Redcar !!(/. Sag) ; Richmond!!(/. Sazg); Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York !! (Stazn- ton’s Manuat ). Plutella porrectella Z. Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manuat ). Plutella annulatella Cuzt Flamborough Head (£./.) ; Scarborough (7Z: WV). Plutella Dalella Sz. Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (/ Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W.). Hypolepia sequella Z. Richmond (/. Sazg); Scarborough!! (Stainton’s Manual ) ; York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Hypolepia vittella Z. Generally common in woods, &c. Edlington Wood! (G.Z7.P.); Elland (G.7-P.) ; Hex- thorpe (WW); Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond !! (/. Sang) ; Scarborough!! (Stainton’s Manual) ; York (W.P.). Hypolepia radiatella Dox. Common. Bishop’s Wood (W.P.); Doncaster (W. WV) ; Harro- gate !! (/. Samg) ; Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Staznton’s Manual); York !(Z. Wilson). Hypolepia costella 72d. Bishop's Wood (WP.); Bram- ham(/..Sm.); Doncaster (WW. W.) ; Harrogate!! (7. Sang) ; Huddersfield (P.Z); Richmond !! (7. Sazg) ; Scarborough, on sallow (Z.W.) ; York (Z. Wilson). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, TINE. 141 Ypsolopha sylvella Z. Among oak. Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Ypsolopha alpella 17 V. Among oak. York (Stainton’s Manual ). ~ Ypsolopha lucella 7ad. York (Stainton’s Manual). Harpipteryx scabrella Z. Larva feeds on apple. Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Scarborough (Staznton’s Manual); York (Z: Wilson). Harpipteryx nemorella Z. Rather common among honey- suckle. Edlington Wood(G.7./.); Huddersfield (G.C. B.A); Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (ZW); Sheffield (A.D.); York (WP). Harpipteryx harpella 1/7 V.=xylostella Sz. Common probably wherever honeysuckle grows freely. Edlington Wood ! (G.7:P.); Harrogate !! (7. Sang) ; Huddersfield (G.Z7:P.); Richmond !! (7. Sang) ; Sheffield (AL ID) 3 oid (WALZ) Orthotelia sparganiella Zhund. Scarborough, larve in stems of bur-reed, Sfarganium ramosum (T.W.); York - (Stainton’s Manual ). Phibalocera quercella /aé. Bramham (/.Sm.); Harro- gate !!(/. Sang); Richmond !! (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (GEV) sshettieldt(42D)) 5) Vouk (CAi€.): Exzeretia Allisella Sz. Scarborough (7: 1). Depressaria costosella Haw. - Among furze, &c. Bramham (/.Sm.); Flamborough Head (£./) ; Huddersfield (P.Z.); Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scar- borough !! (Stacnton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York (W.P.). I42 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Depressaria liturella VY Bramham (/.Sm.); Don- caster (1. W.); Flamborough Head (4.4); Hudders- field !(G.Z'P.); Redcar !! (7. Sang); Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York! (Z: Wilson). Depressaria pallorella Ze/. Scarborough (Staznton’s Manuat ). Depressaria umbellella Ses. Among furze. Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual); York ! (7. Wilson). Depressaria assimilella Z7 Among broom. Bramham (/..S.); Huddersfield (P.Z.) ; Pontefract (W.P.); Scarborough (Statnton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York !! (Stainton’s Manual ). Depressaria nanatella Siz. Redcar (/. Sang). Depressaria arenella 17. V. Among knapweed and thistle. Bramham (_/..Sm.); Doncaster !! (WV.W.); Redcar !! (J. Sang) ; Richmond !! (/. Sazg) ; Scarborough !! (S¢azn- ton’s Manual) ; York !! (7. Wilson). Depressaria propinquella Zz Among thistles. Redcar !! (J. Sang); Scarborough (Z:W.); York (Z. Wilson). Depressaria subpropinquella S¢z. Among thistles. Doncaster (W.W.); Redcar !! (/. Sang); Scar- borough! (.Staznton’s Manual) ; York (Statnton’s Manual ). Depressaria alstreemeriella Z. Huddersfield (PZ); Red- car !! (J. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stazzton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York ! (Z: Wilson). Depressaria capreolella Ze//. Said to feed on wild carrot. Sheffield (IV. W.). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, TINEA. 143 Depressaria hypericella id. Larvee in screwed-up tops of St. John’s wort (yfericum). Edlington Wood (W.W.); Scarborough (7. W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Depressaria conterminella ZZ. Among sallows. Doncaster (W.W.); Richmond !! (7, Samg); York (UATE). Depressaria angelicella Aid. Among Angelica sylvestris. Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield ) ; Scarborough !! (Staznton’s Manual); Shefheld (4.D.) ; York (Z. Wilson). Depressaria carduella 47. Among thistles. Scarborough (7! 7). Depressaria ocellella a4. Among sallows. Huddersfield(?. 7); Pontefract( /V.P.); Scarborough!! (Stainton’s Manual); York ! (7. Wilson). Depressaria Yeatiella ad. Larva said to feed on wild carrot. Jstucklomnelcl (AE) = iysecls (GOvs,1,) 3 Words | (Stainton’s Manuat ). Depressaria applanella Zad. Probably everywhere. Bishop’s Wood (C.S.); Doncaster (W. WV.); Hudders- fel clan 20/5) eonteiiact(//AZ2)\-iNedcans\(/eeSare,) Richmond!! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stacnton’s Manual); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York ! (Z: Wilson). Depressaria ciliella Stz. Among Angelica. Eudderstield ((298)F Redear !! (7 Sane)e Scear- borough !! (Stazuton’s Manual); York ! (Stainton’s Manual). Depressaria pimpinella Ze, York (Stainton’s Manual’ ). Depressaria albipunctella 7. Larva feeds on wild carrot. Scarborough (.Stainton’s Manuat ). 144 PORRITT : LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Depressaria pulcherrimella Sz. Huddersfield (PZ) ; Scarborough, abundant among Bunium flexuosum (T.W.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). Depressaria Douglasella St. Larva feeds on wild carrot. One specimen at Redcar (/. Sang). Depressaria cherophyllivorella D7. Scarborough (Stainton’s Manuat ). Depressaria ultimella Stz. Redcar (/. Sang); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ). Depressaria nervosella Haw. Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ). Depressaria badiella Zid. Redcar! (/. Sang). Depressaria heracliella De Geer. Common in woods and lanes where Heracleum sphondylium grows freely. Bishop’s Wood (W.P.) ; Edlington Wood !! (G. Z'P.); Flamborough Head (£.4.); Goole Moors (/. Harrison) ; Huddersfield! (G, Z7'P.) ; Redcar!! (7. Sazg); Richmond !! (J. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stainzton’s Manual); York ! (Z. Wilson). Depressaria discipunctella AS. =pastinacella Dup. Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield); one specimen at Redcar (/. Sag). Gelechia cinerella Z. Redcar! (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z.W.); York ! (Stainton’s Manuat ). Gelechia rufescentella Haw. Hexthorpe (IV. W.); Red- car! (/. Sang); Scarborough ‘‘in tubulated rolled grass leaves” (Z.W.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). Gelechia malvella //id.. Occurs in gardens about holly- hocks. Huddersfield(?.Z); Scarborough (Staznton’s Manual). Gelechia populella Z. Bramham (/.Sm.); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (A.D.); York (W.P.). Trans,Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2, TINE. 145 Gelechia ericetella As. Very common, probably on all heaths. Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield !! (G.7-P) ; Richniond (Gf, Save); Shettield (4-2); Whorne Gelechia mulinella 7%sch. Among furze. Doncaster !! (W.W.); Wuddersfield (AL) ; Scar- borough !! (Stazzton’s Manual); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). - Gelechia sororculella Aid. Among sallow. Doncaster (W. IV). Gelechia cuneatella Ze//. Scarborough, on willow (7: 1) ; York (Rev. J. D. J. Preston, Ent. Ann., 1858, p. 106). Gelechia longicornella Cur¢. Huddersfield (7.7); Rich- mond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne (W.W.); York! (Stainton’s danuat ). Gelechia diffinella Haw. Huddersfield (P.Z.); Scarborough !! the larva is found in a burrow at the root of Rumex aceto- sella (1. W. and J. Sang). Gelechia terrella 7 Common no doubt everywhere. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Doncaster !! _(W.W.); Huddersfield! (G.7.P.); Redcar !! (7. Sang) ; Richmond !! (/. Sang). Gelechia desertella St. Redcar !! (7 Sang); Scar- borough ! (.Séainton’s Manual) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). Gelechia intaminatella S¢z. Scarborough (7: 7”). Gelechia expolitella Dowgl. Redcar (/. Sang). Gelechia acuminatella Szvcom. Doncaster! (MW. WW.) ; Red- car ! (f. Sang) ; Scarborough, on thistle (7: W). Gelechia artemisiella 77 Redcar (/. Sang); Scarborough!! (Statnton’s Manual ), 146 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Gelechia viscariella Zogan. Scarborough, about Lychnis dioica, common (7: WW). Gelechia albipalpella ZS At York in 1857 by Mr. Scott (Znt. Ann., 1858, p. 90). Gelechia senectella Ze//. Redcar! (7. Sang) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual ). Gelechia mundella Doug/. Redcar (/. Sang). Gelechia similella Dougl, Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough (Z: W). Gelechia affinella Doncaster (W W.); Huddersfield (PZ), Gelechia confinella S¢. I have repeatedly bred this insect along with Scoparia muralis, from moss found on old walls at Huddersfield. It was first added to the British list, as a species new to science, in 1871, from specimens bred by Mr. C. G. Barrett from larvee sent in moss from old walls at Perth by Dr. F. Buchanan White, mdxed with those of Scoparia muralis, which Mr. Barrett wished to breed (Zzt. Ann., 1871, ~. 98). Mr. Sang has also taken the species at Richmond. Gelechia umbrosella Ze//. Rossington (7. I). Gelechia domesticella Haw. Huddersfield (PZ) ; Scar- borough (.Staczton’s Manual ) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manual). Gelechia rhombella Aid. Larva on apple. Huddersfield (PZ); Scarborough !! (Z7.W. and J. Sang); York (Z. Wilson). Gelechia proximella id. Larva on birch, &c. Doncaster ! (W.W.); Harrogate !! (/. Sang); Hud- dersfield (P.Z) ; Richmond !! (7 Sang); Scarborough !! (J. Sang); York ! (Stainton’s Manuat ). Gelechia notatella Ai. Doncaster ! (WV. W.) ; Scarborough (LZ. W.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). Trans. Y.N.U, Series D, Vol. 2. TINEA. 147 Gelechia vulgella 2. Larva feeds on hawthorn. Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (7.7.); Scar- borough! (S¢azzton’s Manual); York | (Stainton’s Manuat). Gelechia luculella zs. Hexthorpe ! (W.W.); Hudders- field (PZ); Sheffield (4.D.); York, in 1882 (Z: Wilson). ° -Gelechia scripteila 7d. Sheffield (4.D.); York (Stazn- ton’s Manual ). Gelechia fugitivella Ze//. Edlington Lane, Doncaster !! (W.W.); Leyburn! (/. Sang) ; Scarborough ! (Staznton’s Manual ). Gelechia Azthiopella Jest. On ling. Huddersfield (P.7.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough !! (Z: W.) ; York ! (Stazuton’s Manuat ). Gelechia solutella sch. Scarborough (Z: 7). Gelechia celerella Dougl. Redcar (/. Sang). Gelechia costella Sze. Bramham ( /.Sv.). Gelechia maculella Aaw. Larva in seed-heads and shoots of Stellaria holostea. Redcar (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z7:.W.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Gelechia tricolorella Haw. Also among Stellaria holostea. Doncaster!(W. W.); Redcar (/. Sang); Scarborough!! (Stainton’s Manual) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). Gelechia fraternella Dowg/. Larva in shoots of Cerastium. Scarborough (7: W.); Sheffield (47. 7. Stainton, Ent. W. Int., April 20, 1861). Gelechia maculiferelia JZann. York (Z: Wilson). Gelechia junctella Doug? York (Stainton’s Manua’). Gelechia Hubnerella Haw. Bishop’s Wood (WP); Huddersfield (P.Z). 148 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Gelechia marmorella Haw. Huddersfield (P.Z); Redcar !! (J. Sang). Gelechia obsoletella /isch. Redcar !! (/. Sang). -Gelechia plantaginella St. This species was for many years confounded with G. zustabilella Dougl., but Mr. Stainton has recently (Zz¢. Mo. Mag., xix. 251) described the FPlantago maritima feeding form, which is the one frequenting our coast, as a distinct species under the above name. ; Flamborough Head (£.7.); Saltburn! (7 Sang); Scarborough !! (Z. 7). Gelechia sequacella Haw. Richmond !! (7. Sang); Scar- borough (Staznton’s Manuat ). Gelechia leucatella Z. Doncaster ! (WW. W.) ; Scarborough (Stainton’s Manuat ). Geilechia albicapitella Ze/7. Hexthorpe near Doncaster (W.W.). Gelechia Mouffetella /V.. Larva on honeysuckle. Huddersfield (P.Z.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (Stazn- ton’s Manual ). Gelechia dedecella Z. Larva in shoots of Scotch fir. Doncaster (W.W.); Tarrogate (f. Sang); Scar- borough (Z. W.); York (Stacnton’s Manual ). Gelechia triparella Ze//. York (Statnton’s Manual). Gelechia tenebrella .—tenebrosella Z//. Doncaster !! (W.W.) ; Huddersfield (P./.) ; Scarborough !! (7: W and J, Sang); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Gelechia ligulella Ze. Scarborough (71W); York (7. Wilson). Gelechia vorticella Zz. Doncaster !! (WW). Gelechia teeniolella Z7. Scarborough, larva between leaves of Lotus (7: W.) ; York (Statnton’s Manuat ). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINE. 149 Gelechia Sircomella St. Scarborough (7: W.). Gelechia anthyllidella Ai. Redcar (/. Sang) ; Scar- borough !! (Staznton’s Manuat ). Gelechia lucidella Steph. York (Statnton’s Manual ). Gelechia neviferella Ze//. Among Chenopodium. Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (P.Z); Redcar !! (J. Sang). Gelechia Hermannella ad. Redcar !!(/. Sang); Scar- borough, larva on leaves of Chenopodium (T. W.). Gelechia osseella S¢z. First discovered by Mr. ‘T. Wilkin- son in 1860, and described as new to science by Mr. Stainton in the Entomologists’ Annual for 1861, p. 87: “ Mr. Wilkinson found them freely on the wing in the hot sunshine, the first week in June, in Yedmandale and Forge Valley, near Scarborough.” Gelechia pictella Ze//. At roots of Cerastium vulgatum. Redcar (/. Sang) ; Rossington (WW). Gelechia ericinella Ze/7. Occurs on heaths. Doncaster (W.W.); Thorne Waste (W.P.); York (CUA Ay Gelechia subocellella Sze. Scarborough, abundant among Origanum (T. W.). Parasia lappella Z. Larva feeds in seeds of burdock _ (Arctium). Bramham (/.S#.); Scarborough (Z7:W.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Parasia Metzneriella Dougl, Among Centaurea nigra. Harrogate !! (/. Sang); Hexthorpe !! (WW) ; Scar- borough !! (Z. W. and /. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Parasia carlinella Doug? Among carline thistle (Carlina vulgaris). Scarborough (Z:W.) ; York (Staznton’s Manual ). I50 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Chelaria conscriptella 77.=Hubnereila Dox. Askham Bog !(W.P.); Bramham (/.Sm.); Doncaster ! (W.W.) ; Harrogate !! (7. Sang); Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Richmond !! (J. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual); York (Z. Wilson). P Anarsia spartiella Sczr. Among furze, &c., Scarborough (Li Nz) Macrochila marginella /ad. Huddersfield (PZ). Sophronia parenthesella Z. Rossington (WW). Pleurota bicostella Z. Plentiful in suitable localities. Halifax !(G.Z7°P.) ; Huddersfield !! (G.7-7.) ; Rich- mond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !!(Z.W. and /. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.); Thorne Waste (G.7\P. and WW); York (W.P.). Harpella Geoffrella Z. Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Scarborough!! (Stainton’s Manual) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Dasycera sulphurella “ad. Common. Bramham (/..Sm.) ; Doncaster !! (IV. W.) ; Hudders- field (G. Z'P.) ; Leeds and Potternewton (IV.D.R.); Mick- ley near Ripon (G.Z-P.); Scarborough !! (Stacuzton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.) ; Wakefield !(G.Z:7.); York! (Stainton’s Manual ),. GEconvhora minutella Z. MHuddersfield (PZ); Scar- borough (.Staczton’s Manual); York |! (Statnton’s Manual). CEcophora flavimaculella St. Among Angelica sylvestris. Harrogate !! (7, Seng); Huddersfield (PZ); Rich- mond !! (7. Sang); Scarborough (P.Z); York (W.P.). CEcophora trisignella Ze//. Huddersfield (PZ). CEcophora stipella Clerk. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsing- ham); Wuddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of Huddersfield ) ; Richmond (/. Savg) ; Saddleworth Moors (2..S. Zdelston); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINEA. 151 CEcophora augustella 7. Hexthorpe (W. WW.) ; Tickhill (W.W.); York (— Hind). CEcophora subaguilella £a/. Wuddersfield (PZ); Scar- borough (Z: W.); York (Statnton’s Manuat). CEcophora flavifrontella Aid. Guisborough Woods (John Scott, Ent. W. Int., 1861, x. 68); Scarborough (7. W). CEcophora fuscescentella Maw. Bramham (/.Sm.) ; Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (PZ); Redcar! (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z: W.) ; York (Stacnton’s Manual ). CEcophora pseudo-spretella Sz. Abundant everywhere in houses, warehouses, &c. It is often very destructive in one’s breeding-cages, the larvee feeding on the pupz, &c. Endrosis fenestrella Scop. As abundant as the last species, and almost as great a nuisance. Butalis fusco-czeneella Haw. Grassington (Z. H. Allis ?) ; ( Young Naturalist, August, 1882). Butalis senescentella Sz. Among thyme. Richmond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z.W.); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Butalis fusco-cuprelia Maw. Scarborough (Z:W.). Butalis chenopodiella id. Sheffield (4.D.); York (Stainton’s Manual). Butalis incongruella S¢z. Occurs on heaths. Huddersfield (P.Z) ; Scarborough ! (7: 7). Pancalia Leuwenhoekella Z. Bramham (/..Sm.); Hud- dersfield (PZ); Richmond (/ Sang); York ! (Stacnton’s Manual). Acrolepia granitella 77 Larva feeds in the leaves of Inula dysenterica. Redcar !! (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W.). Acrolepia betulella Curt. Richmond, one specimen (/. Sang). 152 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Glyphipteryx fuscoviridella Haw. Doncaster !!( WW.) ; Huddersfield (P./.); Richmond!!(/. Samg); Scarborough !! (Stainton’s Manual); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Glyphipteryx Thrasonella Scop. Huddersfield (PZ); Scarborough !! (Stazzton’s Manual); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Lord Walsingham states that the variety cladiella St¢z. occurs at Blubberhouses. Glyphipteryx Haworthella Szefh. Huddersfield (PZ) ; Scarborough !!, larva in seed-heads of cotton-grass (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). Glyphipteryx equitella Scop. Among Sedum acre. Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough (7; W.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Glyphipteryx Fischeriella Ze/Z, Doncaster !! (WW) ; Huddersfield (P.7.); Richmond!!(/. Sang); Scarborough !! (ZW. and J. Sang); York (Stainton’s Manual). Perittia obscuripunctella St. Should be looked for about honeysuckle. York (Statnton’s Manual). Tinagma sericiella Haw. Huddersfield (PZ); Scar- borough!! (Staznton’s Manual) ; York (Statnton’s Manuat ). Tinagma resplendella Dowg/. Larva inside alder leaves at Scarborough !! (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Argyresthia ephippella a2. Huddersfield (PZ); near Redcar !! (/. Sang); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (4.D.); York !(Z. Wilson). Argyresthia nitidella 424. Abundant no doubt everywhere. Doncaster (W.W.); Edlington Wood (G.Z7-P.); Haigh (G.Z7:P.) ; Harrogate !! (/. Sang); Huddersfield !! (G.Z-P.); Redcar !! (f Sang); Richmond !! (/. Sang) ; Scarborough !! (Stacnton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York ! (Statnton’s Manual ). Trans. Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINEA. AOS Argyresthia purpurascentella Sfx. Out of hawthorn at Sheffield, July 22nd, 1848 (& Z. Stainton). Argyresthia semitestacella Curt. Edlington !! (IW. WW); Harrogate !! (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield (P.Z.); Richmond !! (/. Sang) ; Scarborough ! (Stainton’s Manual); York ! (Stacnton’s Manuat ). Argyresthia spiniella Ze//. Blubberhouses (Lord Walsing- ham); Doncaster (W.W.); Huddersfield (PZ); Rich- mond (/. Sawg); Scarborough, larva in young stems of mountain ash (7: WV) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Staznton’s Manual ). Argyresthia albistriella Haw. Doncaster (W.W.); Harro- Saten! (/AeSave)is ) eludderstields 77/9) -siNedear !!\(7/7 Sang) ; Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough!! (Stazzton’s Manual); York (Z. Wilson). Argyresthia conjugella Ze//. Larva in berries of mountain ash. Edlington Wood (W.W.); Harrogate !! (7. Sang) ; Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (/. Sang and T.W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manuat ). Argyresthia semifuscella aw. Larva feeds in ash and sloe. Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield (P./.); Rich- mond (/. Sang); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual) ; York ! (Staznton’s Manual ). Argyresthia mendicella Haw. Huddersfield (PZ) ; Red- car !!(/. Sang); Richmond!!( 7. Sang); York ! (Stainton’s Manual). Argyresthia glaucinella Ze//. Among oak, &c. Sheffield (4.D.). Argyresthia retinella Ze/Z. Among birch. Doncaster !! (W.W.); Richmond !! (/. Sazg) ; Scar- borough (7: W.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manuat ). 154 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Argyresthia dilectella Ze/Z. On juniper at Sheffield (7 7. Stainton, Zool., 1849). Argyresthia Andereggiella “isch. Bramham (/..Sm.). Argyresthia curvella Z. Among apple. Doncaster (IV. W.); Huddersfield(P.Z); Richmond!! (J. Sang); Scarborough ! (Statnton’s Manual); York (Z. Wilson). Argyresthia sorbiella Z7 Huddersfield (PZ) ; Richmond (J. Sang); Scarborough (Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manual ). Argyresthia pygmeella 7d. Among sallow. Doncaster! (W.W.); Harrogate !! (7, Sang); Hud- dersfield (PZ); Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z.W.); Sheffield (4.D.); York ! (Stacnton’s Manual). Argyresthia Gceedartella Z. A very beautiful appelee and apparently abundant everywhere. Doncaster !(W.W.); Edlington Wood !! (G. TP): $ Harrogate !! (/. Sang); Huddersfield (G.Z.P.); Rich- mond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Staznton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (7. Wilson). Argyresthia Brockeella “id. Also a very pretty and very common species. Doncaster !! (W.W.) ; Harrogate !! (/. Sang); Hud- dersfield (P.Z.); Richmond !! (/. Sazg) ; Scarborough !! (\Stainton’s Manual); Sheffield (A.D.); York !(Z. Wilson). Cedestis farinatella Ze//. Among firs. Doncaster ! (W.W.); Harrogate !! (/. Sang) ;. Hud- dersfield (P.7.); Richmond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough (Z.W.); York !(Z. Wilson). Ocnerostoma pinariella Ze//. Among firs. Huddersfield (PZ); Richmond (/ Sang); Scar- borough (Z: W.) ; York ! (Stainton’s Manuat). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINEA, 155 Zelleria hepariella dann. $= insignipennella Szz. ¢ Richmond (/. Sazg); Scarborough (Z: WW). Gracilaria Swederella Zhund.—alchimiella Scop. A beautiful species, very common among oaks. Doncaster (W.W.); Edlington Wood (G.7-P) ; Harrogate (/. Sang) ; Huddersfield !(G.Z7.P.) ; Richmond (J. Sang); Scarborough (7.7); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Z: Wilson). Gracilaria stigmatella a. Among poplars and sallows. Huddersfield (P./.); Richmond (/. Sang); Scar- borough (7.1); Sheffield (4.D.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Gracilaria stramineella St. I took this pretty species in Wharncliffe Woods, near Sheffield, on the occasion of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union’s visit there on September t4th, 1878 (G.Z.P.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). Gracilaria semifasciella Haw. Scarborough, common on maple (7: W). Gracilaria elongella Z. Among alders. Doncaster !(W.W.); Huddersfield !! (PZ); Rich- mond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (.Stacnton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York ! (Statnton’s Manual). Gracilaria tringipennella Ze/7. Among plantain. Flamborough Head (#.47.); Huddersfield (PZ); Scarborough (7. W.); York ! (.Stainton’s Manual). Gracilaria syringella #24. Common among lilac, ash, and privet. Doncaster (W. W.); Huddersfield (G.C. BAZ); Rich- mond !! (7. Sang); Scarborough !! (Stacnton’s Manual ) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York !(Z. Wilson). Gracilaria auroguttella Stez. Among Hypericum. Harrogate (/. Sang); Hexthorpe! (W.W.); Hudders- field (PZ) ; Scarborough (Z: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual). * 156 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA. Gracilaria imperialella dZaxn. Three specimens at Rich- mond (/. Sag). Coriscium Grongniardella 4ad. York (.Stainton’s Manual). Coriscium cuculipennella /7d. Among privet. Near Leyburn, one specimen (/. Sang) ; York (Stazn- ton’s Manual ). Coriscium citrinella /7sch. = sulphurella Haw. Scar- borough (7. W.). : Ornix avellaneecolelia S/z. Among hazel. Doncaster !! (WZ W.); Huddersfield (PZ); Rich- mond !! (/. Sang); Scarborough !! (Staznton’s Manual ) ; York (Stanton’s Manual ). Ornix anglicella Sz. Among hawthorn, &c. Doncaster !! (W.W.); Huddersfield (P.7.); Rich- mond !! (J. Samg) ; Scarborough !! (.Statnton’s Manual ) ; York (Statnton’s Manual ). Ornix betulzvorella 022. Among birch. Doncaster !(W.W.); Harrogate (/. Sang); Rich- mond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: V.). Ornix torquilella St. Among sloe. Balby near Doncaster !!( 1. IV.); Huddersfield (PZ) ; Richmond !! (7, Sang); Scarborough (7: W.); York (.Stain- ton’s Manual ). Ornix Scoticella Sz. Among mountain ash. Harrogate !! (7. Sang); Richmond !!(/. Sag); Scar- borough (7: WW.) ; York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Ornix Loganella S¢z. Among birch. Huddersfield (P.Z); Scarborough !! (7:7); York (Stainton’s Manuat ). Ornix guttella Haw. Among apple. Huddersfield (Hobkirk’s History of fuddersfield ) ; Richmond !! (f Sang);, Scarborough !! (Stazzton’s Manual); York ! (Z: Wilson). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. TINEA. 157 Coleophora Fabriciella Vl. Scarborough (Staznton’s Manuat ). Coleophora alcyonipennella Ao”. Among Centaurea nwgra. Hexthorpe near Doncaster ! (JV. W.); Scarborough !! (/. Sang and 7:W.); Sheffield (4.D.); York (Staznton’s Manual ). Goleophora paripennella “isch. On birch. Richmond (/. Sang) ; Scarborough (7: W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.). Coleophora lixella Ze//. Larva on grasses. Scarborough (7: WV). Coleophora pyrrhulipennella #7sch. Abundant probably on all heaths. Harrogate (/. Sang); Huddersfield !! (G4.7-P.); Scarborough (Z' W.) ; Sheffield (A.D.) ; Thorne (W. W.) ; Vork (IVP). Coleophora albicostella Maw. Among furze. Richmond (/. Sazg); Scarborough (P./.) ; Sheffield (AED): Coleophora anatipennella id. Scarborough (71) ; Sheffield (4.D.); York (Z: Wilson). Coleophora ardezepennella Scof?, Rossington !! (WW) ; York, on sallow (Z: Watson). Coleophora palliatella Ze//. Bishop’s Wood, from oak (W.P.) ; Rossington !! (W.W,). Coleophora ibipennella eyd. Sheffield (4.D.); York (Z. Wilson). Coleophora currucipennella /7sch. Larva on birch. In the Green Farm Wood, adjoining Sandal Beat, Doncaster (W. WV). Coleophora niveicostella /7sch. York (Stacnton’s Manual). 158 PORRITT: LIST OF YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, Coleophora discordella Ze//. Larva feeds on Lotus. Flamborough Head (#..); Hexthorpe near Don- caster ! (W.W.); Scarborough !! (PLZ and / Sang); Sheffield (4.D.) ; York (Stacnton’s Manuat ). Coleophora genistzecolella 002. Scarborough ! (Staznton’s Manual); abundant on Gentsta anglica on Strensall Common, York (IV. ?.). Coleophora troglodytella Szz. Larva on leaves of Zufa- torium cannabinum, &c. ; Scarborough !! (/. Sang and 7: W.) ; York (Stainton’s Manual ). Coleophora graminicolella ezz. Should be looked for on Lychuts. Doncaster, four specimens (/V7. IV). Coleophora linecilella Maw. Huddersfield (7.7). Coleophora murinipennella /7sch. Larva feeds on the seeds of woodrush (Luzz/a). Doncaster !! (WW. W.) ; Scarborough (7. W.); Sheffield (A.D.); York (Stainton’s Manual ). Coleophora ceespititiella 2/7. Abundant no doubt every- where where rushes grow. The white cases of the larvae may often be seen in thousands on the seed-heads of rushes in autumn. * Blubberhouses (Lord Walsingham); Doncaster (W.W.); Uaigh !! (G.7-P.); Harrogate !! (7 Sang); Huddersfield ! (G.7-P.); Redcar !! (/. Sang); Rich- mond !!( 7. Sang) ; Sheffield (4.D.) ; York !!(Z. Wilson). Goleophora Tengstromella D2 Redcar !! (7 Sang) ; Scarborough !! (Stacnton’s Manual); Sheffield (4.D.); York (Staznton’s Manual ). Coleophora virgaureella Stz. Scarborough !!, larva on seeds of golden-rod (/. Sang and 7: W.) ; Sheffield (4.D.). Trans.Y.N.U. Series D, Vol. 2. BOTANICAL REPORT—1I880. 121 Allium vineale Z. Locally plentiful with A. oleraceum and A. scorodoprasum in lanes on the hillside above Colling- ham. J. Jackson ! M.W. York. Schcenus nigricans Z. In the boggy field between Aketon bleach-works and the Crimple brook. The second West Yorkshire station known. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. Scirpus acicularis Z. Marshy spot by the canal side under Hymen Wood, Barnsley. H. Johnson! S.W. York. S. multicaulis Sm. Ina wet grassy place below the beeches at west end of Black Fen, Bramham Park. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. Carex dioica Z. Aketon bog. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. .G. pallescens Z. Clayey ‘rides’ of Lund and Lund Wood Close, West Woods, Bramham. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. C. pendula Z. Wet slopes, Hackfall! M.W. York. C. pseudocyperus LZ. Bank of dyke bordering the ‘farther Jungle’ (south end of bog) Askham Bogs. F. A. Lees and J. Jackson. - M.W. York. C. saxumbra Zees, sp. nov.=C. pilulifera var. Leesii Ridley in Journ. Bot., May, 1881. Root fibrous; stems many from one tuft not decumbent in fruit; leaves nearly as long as flower stem, ascending, not recurved; spikelets close, in an interrupted head, prolonged- oval; bracts not awlshaped, longer than spike, lowest truly leaf-like, not sheathing. Terminal catkin wholly male, sessile, glume lanceolate-acuminate. Female catkins 3—4, hardly distinct, erect, elongate-oval, glume lanceolate, gradually acuminate, with serree on mid-rib and long awn. Perigynia stalked, downy, regular-ovate, fusiform, with broad-based rather rostrate bifid beak; nut globular, trigonous, and narrowed below. Shady escarpments of large rocks by lake at Plumpton. July and August, 1880. F. A. Lees. 122 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Rootstock densely tufted, falsely creeping, throwing up many flowering stems in each clump. Stems tz 20 inches, rough, angular, ascending, the outside ones curving upwards, not lying down later as fruit ripens, asin C. pzlulifera. Leaves mainly though not wholly radical, flat, narrow, bright deep green with reddish sheaths below, ascending, not recurved, nearly or quite as long as stems. Spikelets 45, lowest one alone distinctly separate, aggregated into an interrupted kind of head (C. divisa-like), each spikelet prolonged, 8—12 flowered. Lowest bract truly leafy, twice to thrice as long as the combined spike; the second one even somewhat leafy and overtopping terminal spikelet. Male catkin single, terminal, sessile, hardly distinct from the first female one given off at its base; glume lanceolate-acuminate, pale of purple brown with a green midrib and paler margin. Female catkins 3—4, erect, long-oval, not globose (pill-like); glume red or purple brown, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate hardly cuspidate, with a green mid-rib, both that and the long awn with fine saw-like teeth, and pale border. Perigynia, stipitate, green, browner on outer face, downy, fusiform (spindle shaped) with a bent gradual beak, sub-trigonous with (often) one distinct rib; nut globose, trigonous, angled and narrowed below. The glumes and perigynia ascending, not spreading when ripe as in C. pélulifera. The most striking differences between C. saxumbra and the C. pilulifera of our open moors will, from the above, be seen to consist in the following features :—(1) The habit of growth, in a large many-stemmed tuft in deep shade; (2) The much longer ascending not recurving leaves; (3) The generally androgynous facies of the whole spike, with very leafy lowest bract in place of an awl-shaped short one; (4) The elongate non-pill-like character of female spikelets; (5) The less cuspidate more gradually acuminate glumes with rougher awns; and (6) The greener, less bristly fruit, narrowing gradually to both ends, instead of being top-shaped. How Trans. Y,N.U., 1882 (pub. 1883). Series E BOTANICAL REPORT—1880. 123 far these differences may be due to the effect of growth in shade acting through a long series of years, I am as yet unable to say. The plate illustrating the foregoing diagnosis has been taken by permission from Trimen’s Journal of Botany, wherein, before Dr. Boswell had seen the plant, Mr. H. N. Ridley considered it a variety of C. pilulifera. Glyceria plicata #7. Wet grassy ground below Etchell Crags, earcrolie baAN Ieees: M.W. York. Sclerochloa distans ad. Canal banks near Barnsley. H. Johnson. S. W. York. Poa compressa Z. Wall, Moor-end, Boston Spa. F. A. Lees and T., Hick.. M.W. York. Hordeum sylvaticum Huds. Bilton Haggs near Wighill. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Z. South east face of ruins, Spofforth Castle. Still existent in 1880. J. Emmet! M.W. York. Nephrodium Borreri ewm. Lund Wood Close, West Woods, Bramham. J. Emmet! Woods bordering Stockeld Park on the east. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. Polypodium Robertianum fofm. In the old masonry of the terrace wall in front of the ruined house at Bramham Park. J. Emmet! Probably not truly wild, but at any rate thoroughly established. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. Lycopodium selago Z. In the Brayton railway cutting about a mile from Selby. W.N.Cheesman. A curious occurrence in such a place at so low a level. - A relic, or an introduction? F. A. Lees. M.W. York. Equisetum hyemale Z. Hedge bank near Scholes. H. Ibbotson! M.W. York. Nitella opaca 47. Pool by road between Rigton village and Etchell Crags. F. A. Lees. M.W. York. Tolypella glomerata Zeoxh. In a small lake on estate of Earl Cathcart, near Thirsk. Geo. Nicholson. N.E. York. SOO 124 BOTANICAL SECTION: ANNUAL MEETINGS, ETC. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. BOTANICAL SECTION. The Fifth Annual Meeting was held at Bradford, on the 4th of March, 1882. The following officers were elected to serve for the year 1882 :— President: THomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., Harrogate. Secretary for Phanerogamic Botany - H. T. Soprpirr Saltaire: Secretary for Cryptogamic Botany : G. E. Masser, Scarborough. A small committee was chosen, at the suggestion of Prof. W. C. Williamson, F.R.S., the President of the Union, to investi- gate the life history of Puccinia graminis. Mr. Soppitt being unable to act as Secretary for Phanero- gamic Botany, Mr. ALFRED DENNY, assistant to the Professor of Biology in the Yorkshire College, Leeds, was chosen in his place. With reference to the proposed investigation of the life history of Puccinia graminis, the following articles appeared in the ‘Naturalist’ for July, 1882 :— Vol. vii., pp. 19I—195, Notes on Puccinia graminis. By Geo. Massee. Vol. vii., p. 195, Puccinia graminis. By Thos. Hick, B.A., B.Sc., &c. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1888). Series E 125 THE FLORA OF RIPON AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. By REV. HENRY H. SLATER, M.A., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., VicE-PRESIDENT OF THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION, MEMBER OF THE BOTANICAL RECORD CLUB, ETC. The writer acknowledges with gratitude the assistance he has received from many brother—and sister—Botanists, so many that he will not attempt to give a list of them here, but will content himself by appending their names, as authority, to their information. Where no name occurs after a locality given for a plant, the writer wishes it to be understood to be the result of his own experience, whether previously recorded by others or not. Careful work will doubtless reveal many other species, especially amongst the Rose, Rubi, Salices, Gramina, Chenopo- diacee, and FPolygonacee, which the writer confesses to have somewhat neglected, mostly from a lack of the standard literature on the subject. The Latin names and the numbers which precede them refer to the London Catalogue of Plants, Eighth Edition (1877). THALAMIFLORA. 4a. Thalictrum majus. Greater meadow-rue. Dry banks and thickets. Wicliffe Lane; Mackershaw Wood. Not abundant. : 6p. T. flavum. Common meadow-rue. Damp _ places, not abundant. Sharow Mires. 7. Anemone Pulsatilla. Pasque flower. Calcareous pastures. Near North Stainley, rare (Rev. R. A. Summerfield). 126 8. II. 12. I4A. 4B. 16, 21. 22. 24. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 34. 35: 36. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. A. nemorosa. Wood anemone. Woods and hedges, abundant. Myosurus minimus. Mousetail. Gravelly fields. Staveley, near Knaresborough (Baines). Ranunculus circinatus. Pools and still waters. The Canal (Miss Morton). R. truncatus. Pools and ditches. Pillmoor Carr, near Sharow, etc. R. floribundus. Not uncommon in ponds. R. Drouetii. Drouet’s ranunculus. Ponds, etc. Queen Mary’s Dubb; small pond near North Bridge, etc. R. hederaceus. Ivy-leaved water crowfoot. Ditches and streams, not uncommon. R. sceleratus. Celery-leaved crowfoot. Marshes and wet places, not common. Near Hewick Bridge. R. Flammula. Lesser spear-wort. Wet places, common. R. Lingua. Greater spear-wort. Marshes, uncommon. Sharow Mires; Marfield, Masham. Near Copgrove (Baines). R. auricomus. Wood crowfoot. Woods, not uncom- mon. Clotherholme; Mackershaw ; Studley, etc. R. acris. Buttercup. Fields, abundant. R. repens. Creeping buttercup. Fields and woods, common. R. bu!lbosus. Bulbous buttercup. Grass land, very common. R. arvensis. Corn crowfoot. Cornfields, a colonist. Near canal (Miss Morton). So plentiful in some cornfields near Markington, in 1881, as to give them a bright yellow colour. R. Ficaria. Lesser celandine. Everywhere common. Caltha palustris. Marsh marigold. Common in all wet places. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1883). Series E 38. 39: 40. 4t. 42. 44. 45- 46. 48. iS Th 52A. 53: 55: SLATER : FLORA OF RIPON. 127 Trollius europzeus. Globe flower. Marshy fields. Clotherholme; Burton Leonard ; Masham, Copgrove (Baines). Eranthis hyemalis. Winter aconite. Occasional by Skell banks, naturalised. Helleborus viridis. Green hellebore. Thickets, etc., ona calcareous soil. Banks near Tanfield. Foun- tains Abbey (Baines); river banks near Knares- borough (Baines). H. foetidus. Stinking hellebore. Similar places to last, generally naturalised. Norton Conyers; Copt Hewick. Aquilegia vulgaris. Columbine. Woods and thickets, rare. Masham; Railway banks, near Tanfield ; Baines records it from Fountains Abbey—it grows sparingly in Mackershaw Wood. Aconitum Napellus. Monkshood. Wooded banks of streams. Spa Gill, 1881 (Mrs. Berkeley). Actzea spicata. Herb Christopher. Thickets on a calcareous soil, very rare. Not far from Masham ; Nidderdale. Berberis vulgaris. Barberry. Hedges and woods, rare. Clotherholme ; on rocks at Fountains Abbey; Leckby Carr (Baines). Nuphar lutea. Yellow water lily. Ponds, not common. Near the Rifle range. Papaver Rhcoeas. Common poppy. Cornfields and waste places, abundant. P. dubium. Long smooth-headed poppy. Clover and cornfields, occasional. Blois Hall (1881). P. Argemone. Long rough-headed poppy. Cornfields, a not uncommon colonist. Meconopsis cambrica. Welsh poppy. Old walls and hedge banks. Near Mickley. 128 57: 58. 59: 62. gl. 93: 94. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Chelidonium majus. Greater celandine. Old walls and waste ground, rare. Walls of Fountains Abbey, not plentiful ; also at Hackfall (Mrs. Berkeley). Corydalis lutea. Yellow fumitory. Fountains Abbey and Hall, scarcely wild; also at Swinton (Mrs. Berkeley). C. claviculata. White climbing fumitory. Thickets, not common. Plumpton rocks, near Knaresborough ; Hookstone Crags, Knaresborough (Baines). Fumaria muralis. One plant on a rubbish heap near Bishopton (1880). F. officinalis. Common fumitory. - Cornfields and waste ground, abundant. Raphanus Raphanistrum. Wild radish. Cornfields and waste ground, not uncommon. Sinapis arvensis. Charlock. Cultivated ground, very common. Brassica Napus. Rape. An occasional escape from cultivation. B. Rapa. Turnip. Ditto. River sides and cultivated land. ; Sisymbrium officinale. Hedge mustard. Hedges and waste land, common. S. Alliaria. Hedge garlic. Waste ground and hedge- banks, very common. Hesperis matronalis. Dame’s violet. Said by Baines not to be rare on waste ground near Ripon, but it does not seem to occur now. Cheiranthus Cheiri. Wall-flower. Rocks and old ruins. Knaresborough, on rocks (Mrs. Berkeley). Cardamine amara. Large - flowered bitter - cress. Marshes, uncommon. Sharow mires ; Gormire and Thirsk (Baines). C. pratensis. Cuckoo-flower. Common everywhere in damp places. Trans Y N.U. 1882(pub. 1883). Series E 95: 96. 98. 102, 104. Te Tio. Itt. LI5A. 118. 124. 128. ae SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 129 C. hirsuta. Hairy bitter-cress. Shady places, not un- common. C. sylvatica. Wood bitter-cress. In similar places to last, less common. Arabis thaliana. Thale-cress. Walls and banks, common. A. hirsuta. Hairy wall-cress. Banks and walls, not uncommon. A. perfoliata. Smooth tower-mustard. Hedges and dry banks. Lanes near Thirsk (Teesdale); near Ripon (W. Brunton); near Skelton and Helperby (Rev. J. Dalton); railway bank between Hutton Conyers and Melmerby (F. A. Lees). Barbarea vulgaris. Yellow rocket. Marshy ground and river banks. Occasional by the Ure. Nasturtium officinale. Water-cress. Ditches and slow streams. Near How Hill, Sharow, &c. N. sylvestre. Creeping-cress. River banks and wet places. ‘“‘ Banks of the Ure, near Ripon” (Baines). Other damp places. Cochlearia officinalis. Scurvy-grass. Not uncom- mon by the River Ure; gets more plentiful above Tanfield. Draba verna. Whitlow grass. Walls, dry banks, and gravel walks, common. Alyssum calycinum. Calycine alyssum. A corn- field alien. One plant in a field near the River Ure by Ripon, in 1880 (Mrs. Berkeley). Thiaspi arvense. Penny cress. Dry fields and road sides, but uncommon. Roadside near Littlethorpe; Givendale. Teesdalia nudicaulis. Naked-stalked Teesdalia. Dry bare ground. South of Hutton Moor (W. Brunton, also Baines). 130 134. 144. 145. 149. I51. 152. 154. 155. rye YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Shepherd’s purse. A common weed. Lepidium latifolium. Broad-leaved pepper-wort. ‘“‘On a rock on the left going out of Kirkgate, Knares- borough” (Baines) ; rocks at Brompton, near Knares- borough (Baines). L. campestre. Pepper-wort. Fields, not uncommon. L. Smithii. Smooth-fruited pepper-wort. Dry fields, less common than the last. Senebiera Coronopus. Wart-cress. Waste ground. Occurred sparingly in 1880 in a corn-field near Hewick Bridge. Reseda lutea. Weld. Dry banks and waste ground. By the Skell (Miss Plues) ; Quarry Moor and Whit- cliffe (Miss Morton); Hutton Moor. R. Luteola. Wild mignonette, Dry banks and waste ground, rarer than last. Railway banks near Masham; near Dishforth. Helianthemum vulgare. Rock rose. Dry hilly places. Roadside near Thieves’ Gill; Mackershaw and Whitcliffe Lane ; hills near Masham. Viola palustris. Bog violet. Marshy meadows, not common. Hutton Moor (rare). Also near Swinton (Mrs. Berkeley). V. odorata. Sweet violet. Woods and hedges, com- mon. ‘The white variety not quite as common. V. hirta. Hairy violet. Woods on limestone. Macker- shaw Wood; Tanfield ; Copgrove (Baines). V. sylvatica. Woodviolet. Woods and hedge banks. Both varieties seem equally common : var. Azviniana in more shady, and var. Rezchenbachiana in more open spots. V.canina. Dog violet. Marshy places. Wet ground near Blois Hall. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1883). Series E 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. Ts: Lye 178. SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 131 V. tricolor. Wild pansy. Riversides and waste ground, abundant. Var. arvensis common in cornfields. V. lutea. Yellow pansy. Mountainous pastures. Saw- ley Moor (Baines); Kirby Hill (Baines) ; Nidder- dale (Miss Morton). Drosera rotundifolia. Round-leaved sundew. Turfy and sphagnous bogs. Marfield, Masham ; Leckby Carr. D. anglica. Great sundew. Similar places to last. Leckby Carr, plentiful. Baines notes the remark- able height (10 inches) to which some specimens grow in this locality ; specimens of the last reach nearly 7 inches in height, which is equally unusual. D. intermedia. Intermediatesundew. Recorded from Leckby Carr (see Botanical Record, 1880, p. 52). It was not to be found there in 1881, when I care- fully sought for it with Mr. F. A. Lees and the Rev. W. Fowler. Polygala vulgaris. Milkwort. Heaths and dry fields, common. Dianthus plumarius. Wild pink. Old walls. Foun- tains Abbey, where it is carefully protected and apparently spreading. Baines records it as D. caryophyllus, from which it may be easily dis- tinguished by its digitate, and not crenate-dentate, petals. Saponaria officinalis. Soapwort. Grows abundantly on the banks of the Swale near Richmond ; should occur nearer Ripon also; Knaresborough (Baines). Silene inflata. Bladder campion. Fields and river- sides, common. Var. puberula, the hairy variety, is not so common as the glabrous one ; near Masham however it seems to be commonest. 132 IS. 200. 205. 200. 207. 208. 209. 210. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. S. anglica. English catchfly. Gravelly places and cornfields, not common. Plentiful in cornfields near Leckby Carr, 1881. S. nutans. Nottingham catchfly. On calcareous rocks. Abbey plain, Knaresborough, on rocks (Baines). S. noctiflora. Night-flowering catchfly. Fields and banks, not uncommon. Lychnis vespertina. White campion. Fields, com- mon. L. diurna. Red campion. Woods and fields, com- mon. L. Flos-cuculi. Ragged robin. Wet places, common. L. Githago. Corn cockle. Cornfields, local. Cerastium semi-decandrum. Little mouse- ear chickweed. Waysides, etc., abundant. C. glomeratum. Clustered mouse ear. Waysides and fields, not so common as last. C. triviale. Narrow-leaved mouse-ear. Fields, abund- ant. C. arvense. Field mouse-ear. Not uncommon in gravelly places. A more glabrous variety, with large flowers, often solitary, and rigid growth, is var. suffruticulosum L. Stellaria aquatica. Water chickweed. Marshes and wet places, not common. Sharow Mires. S. nemorum. Wood stitchwort. Damp shady woods, not common. Clotherholme (Miss Morton) ; Mack- ershaw ; Hackfall (Baines). S. media. Chickweed. Everywhere abundant. Var. Boreana sparingly on sandy places by the Ure. S. Holostea. Stitchwort. Abundant everywhere. S. glauca. Bog stitchwort. Wet places, not common. Sharow Mires. S. graminea. Grass-leaved stitchwort. Woods and hedges, pretty common. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1883). Series E BIER 218. 220. 223. 224. DOE. 220. 230. 240. 242. 250. 251. 252. 254. SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 1g S. uliginosa. Water stitchwort. Wet woods and by ditches, not common. Sharow Mires. Arenaria trinervis. Plantain-leaved sandwort. Shady places, common. A. serpyllifolia. Thyme-leaved sandwort. Walls and dry places, common. Var. /eptoclados, with lanceo- late acute sepals, and gratent fruit stalks, not uncom- mon on walls. Alsine verna. Vernal sandwort. Banks of the Swale, near Richmond, plentiful. Likely to occur on lower parts of that river near Ripon. A. tenuifolia. Fine-leaved sandwort. Walls and sandy places, rare. Walls of Fountains Abbey ; gravel-pits near Copgrove (Baines). Sagina apetala. Small-flowered pearl-wort. Dry waste places, not unfrequent. S. ciliata. Fringed pearl-wort. Gravelly places, less common than the last. S. procumbens. Procumbent pearl-wort. Garden walks and waste places, common. S. nodosa. Knotted pearl-wort. Sandy places, not very common. East end of the old race-course. Spergula arvensis. Corn spurrey. Cornfields, very common. Scleranthus annuus. Knawel. Cornfields, occasional. Montia fontana. Water blinks. By mossy streamlets, not common. Hutton Moor; Healey. Hypericum perforatum. Common St. John’s wort. Hedges and waste ground, common. H. dubium. Woods and damp places. Ina stone quarry at Hutton (Baines). H. tetrapterum. Square-stalked St. John’s wort. Woods and waste ground, not uncommon. H. humifusum. Creeping St. John’s wort. Gardens and banks, not uncommon. 134 256. Dish 258. 259. 262. 270. 273: 274. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. H. pulchrum. Beautiful St. John’s wort. Waste ground on a stiff soil, common. H. hirsutum. Hairy St. John’s wort. Woods, not common. Fountains and Mackershaw. H. montanum. Mountain St. John’s wort. Woods and copses on limestone, rare. In fair abundance in Fountains and Mackershaw Woods, and _ that vicinity ; also Thieves’ Gill; also Kirby Malzeard (Mrs. Berkeley). H. elodes. Water St. John’s wort. Spongy bogs. Hookstone Crags, Knaresborough (Baines). Malva moschata. Musk mallow. Dry banks and roadsides, not common. Copt Hewick; Borough- bridge. M. sylvestris. Common mallow. Hedges and waste ground, common. M. rotundifolia. Dwarf mallow. Waste places and roadsides, common. Tilia intermedia. Lime tree. Woods and copses. Radiola millegrana. Flax-seed. Wet gravelly places, not uncommon. Often overlooked on account of its small size. Linum catharticum. Mountain flax. Dry fields, common. L. perenne. Perennial flax. Mackershaw Wood (W. Brunton). L. usitatissimum. Flax. Fields, an escape. Occur- red in plenty in 1880 (but not in 1881) in the field on the town side of the North Bridge. Geranium sanguineum. Bloody cranes-bill. On rocks near S. Robert’s Church, Knaresborough (Baines). Verified by Mrs. Berkeley in 1881. G. phceum. Dusky cranes-bill. Thickets. Scriven Park, Knaresborough (Baines); roadsides near Swinton. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1883). Series E 275. 276. 277. 278. 270. 285. 288. Qo. © ©. @ SLATER : FLORA OF RIPON. 135 . sylvaticum. Wood cranes-bill. Woods, not very common. Clotherholme ; Hackfall. . pratense. Meadow cranes-bill. Fields and river banks, common. . pyrenaicum. Perennial cranes-bill. Fields. Sow- erby near Thirsk (Baines). _ . striatum. Pencilled cranes-bill. Woods and hedges, rare. It occurred two years in succession in a copse near Copt Hewick, but has now been extirpated. . molle. Dove’s-foot. Pastures and waste ground, common. . pusillum. Small-flowered cranes-bill. Fields and waste places, not uncommon. . rotundifolium. Round-leaved cranes-bill. Waste ground and fields, rare. Copgrove and Knares- borough (Baines). . dissectum. Jagged cranes-bill. Hedgebanks and waste ground, common. . columbinum. Long-stalked cranes-bill. Gardens and waste places, not uncommon. . lucidum. Shining cranes-bill. Hedgebanks and rocks, not uncommon. Masham; Hutton Moor ; Rocks at Knaresborough (Baines), etc. . Robertianum. Herb Robert. Abundant every- where. A white variety in Hackfall and Wicliffe Lane (Miss Morton). Erodium cicutarium. Heron’s-bill. Waste ground, not uncommon. Oxalis Acetosella. Wood sorrel. Woods, abundant. 136 294. 295. 296. 207. 298. 299. 300. 303. 305. 306. 307. 208. 310. 314. 318. 323: 324. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. CAL YCIFLOR. Ilex Aquifolium. Holly. Woods and hedges, com- mon. Euonymus europeeus. Spindle-tree. Woods. Mack- ershaw Wood; near Priory Gate, Knaresborough (Baines). Rhamnus catharticus. Buckthorn. Hedges and wasteground, rare. Mickley; Knaresborough (Baines). R. Frangula. Alder buckthorn. Wet woods. Near Studley ; Leckby Carr ; Copgrove (Miss Morton). Acer Pseudo-platanus. Sycamore. Woods and hedges. A. campestris. Maple. Woods and hedges, common. Ulex europzeus. Gorse. Waste ground. Genista anglica. Needle greenweed. Heaths, rare. Brimham Rocks (Miss Morton). G. tinctoria. Dyer’s greenweed. Woods and waste ground, rare. Sutton ; Cowmire, near Galphay (Miss Morton); Railway banks near Hutton Conyers. Sarothamnus scoparius. Broom. Woods and waste ground, not very common. Ononis spinosa. Thorny rest-harrow. Dry fields and banks, rare. Near Thieves Gill, in small quantity ; the following species abundant there. O. arvensis. Common rest-harrow. Fields and river- sides, abundant. Anthyllis vulneraria. Kidney vetch. Meadows and dry waste ground, common. Medicago lupulina. Black medick. Fields and hedges, not common. Generally glabrous. Melilotus officinalis. Melilot. Whitcliffe Lane (Miss Morton) ; Littlethorpe (Miss Morton) ; Bishopton. Trifolium pratense. Red clover. Fields, common. T. medium. Zig-zag clover. Woods and _ pastures, not common. By the river near Sharow. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1883). Series E 329. Bar 336. 337: 338. 339: 340. 341. 342. 344. 350. 351. 352. 356. 357: 359: SLATER : FLORA OF RIPON. 137 T. arvense. Hare’s-foot trefoil, Waste ground and dry fields, rare. “‘ Blind pit on Hutton Moor ” (Baines) T. scabrum. Rough trefoil. Dry sandy places. Eller shaw Hill (Mr. Brunton). T. hybridum. Alsike. Fields, not uncommon. T. repens. White clover. Fields, abundant. T. fragiferum. Strawberry-headed trefoil. Meadows and wet places, rare. In an old quarry near Whit- cliffe (or Wicliffe) Lane. : T. procumbens. Hop trefoil. Meadows and waste ground, abundant. T. minus. Lesser yellow trefoil. Waste ground, com- mon. T. filiforme. Slender trefoil. Waste ground, common. Lotus corniculatus. Bird’s-foot trefoil. Fields and waysides, common. L. major. Greater bird’s-foot trefoil. Fields and way- sides, not uncommon. Astragalus hypoglottis. Purple milk-vetch.. Dry calcareous hills, rare. Masham. A. glycyphyllus. Woods and hedges on a calcareous soil. By the road from Haxby to Allerton Park, and other places near Knaresborough (Baines); near Sleningford (Baines) ; old quarry near Clotherhome (F. A. Lees) ; hedge near Queen Mary’s Dubb (F. A. Lees) ; hedge near the Rifle Range, Ripon. Ornithopus perpusillus. Bird’s foot. Dry places, uncommon. Hutton Moor (Baines); Road from Ripon to Galphay. Vicia hirsuta. Hairy tare. Hedges, abundant. V.tetrasperma. Smooth tare. Hedges and corn- fields, not uncommon. V.Cracca. Tufted vetch. Hedges and bushy places, common, 390°. 392. 393: YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. V. sylvatica. Wood vetch. Woods, rare. Old wood near Hutton Moor (Rev. J. Dalton). V. sepium. Bush vetch. Woods and hedges, com- mon. V. sativa. Common tare. A common escape from cultivation. V. angustifolia. Narrow-leaved vetch. Waste ground and dry places, occasional. Sharow. V. lathyroides. Spring vetch. Reported to grow at Mickley Barrows (or Burrows). Lathyrus pratensis. Meadow vetchling. Fields and roadsides, abundant. Orobus tuberosus. Bitter vetch. Woods and rocky places, common. Prunus spinosa. Blackthorn. Woods and hedges, abundant. P. Avium. Wild cherry. Woods and hedgerows, often planted. P. Padus. Bird cherry. Woods in hilly districts. Hack- fall; Tanfield. Spirgzea ulmaria. Meadow-sweet. Woods and damp fields, abundant. S. Filipendula. Drop-wort. Dry banks on calcareous soil. Used to be pretty common by the R. Ure near Ripon, but is now getting very rare. Near Copt Hewick (J. S. Hurst). Agrimonia Eupatoria. Agrimony. Fields and hedge- banks, common. Sanguisorba officinalis. Burnet. Fields, especially in hilly districts, common. Poterium Sanguisorba. Salad burnet. Fields, common. Alchemilla arvensis. Parsley piert. Dry gravelly fields, abundant. A. vulgaris. Lady’s mantle. Fields, common. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1884). Series E 397: 400. 402. 403. 405. 407. 408. 410. 4Il. 451. 452. 454. 455. 455. 458. \ SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 139 Potentilla Fragariastrum. Barrenstrawberry. Every- where common. P. Tormentilla. Tormentil. Marshy and heathy places, common. P. reptans. Creeping cinquefoil. Meadows, pastures, and waysides, common. P. anserina. Silver-weed. Waysides, abundant. P. argentea. Hoary cinquefoil. Plumpton near Knaresborough (Baines). ‘ Comarum palustre. Marsh cinquefoil. Bogs and marshy fields, not uncommon. Sharow Mires ; Marfield, Masham; Pillmoor Carr near Blois Hall ; Whitemere, Hutton Moor; Leckby Carr; Gormire under Hambledon. Fragaria vesca. Wild strawberry. Woods and hedge- banks, common. Rubus Idgeus. Wild raspberry. Damp hilly thickets, not common. Hackfall; Dishforth. R. suberectus. Red-fruited bramble. Woods and thickets. Dallow-gill, Ripley (Baines). R. ceesius. Dewberry. Sandy places, common. R. saxatilis. Stone bramble. In woods, usually in rocky or stony places. Hackfall (Baines) ; Macker- shaw, on ordinary turf. Geum urbanum. Common ayens. Woods and hedges, common. G. intermedium. Hybrid between 454 and 456. Not uncommon in woods. Mackershaw; woods near Masham ; Hackfall, etc. G. rivale. Water avens. Woods and moist pastures, common. Remarkable monstrosities not uncom- mon in woods near Masham. Rosa spinosissima. Burnet rose. ‘Thickets and hedges, not common. Sleningford ; Masham. 501. 593; 504. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Rosa suberecta. Downy rose. Woods and thickets. Hackfall. R. dumalis. Dog rose. Hedges, rare. Near Mickley. R. bibracteata. Trailing dog-rose. Hedges, near Blois Hall. Crateegus oxyacantha. Hawthorn. Hedges and woods, abundant. Pyrus Aria. White beam-tree. Woods and rocks, often planted. Rocks near Knaresborough (Mr. Brunton) ; Studley. P. Aucuparia. Mountain ash. Woods, especially in hilly districts, and hedges (where it is often planted). Hackfall ; Hedges between Sharow and Dishforth. P. Malus. Crab apple. Woods and hedges, common. Lythrum salicaria. Purple loose-strife. Wet places, not uncommon. Sharow mires. Epilobium angustifolium. Rose-bay. Banks and copses ; Quarry Moor (Mrs. Berkeley). E. hirsutum. Great hairy willow-herb. Wet places, common. E. parviflorum, Small-flowered willow-herb. Damp places, common. E.montanum. Broad-leaved willow-herb. Dry banks, etc., common. E. palustre. Marsh willow-herb. Wet places, not uncommon. Circeea lutetiana. Enchanter’s nightshade. Damp woods, not uncommon. Sharow mires; Hackfall ; Mackershaw. Myriophyllum verticillatum. Whorled water-milfoil. Still water, not uncommon. Sharow mires; River Ure (Miss Morton). M. spicatum. Spiked water-milfoil. Still water, rare. River Ure, below Hewick bridge. Canal (Miss Morton). Trans, Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1884). Series E SLATER :. FLORA OF RIPON. IAI sos. M. alterniflorum. Alternate-flowered water-milfoil. Still water, commoner than last. River Ure and canal. 506. Hippuris vulgaris. Mare’s tail. Stagnant water, not common. Pond in Bell wood, Knaresborough (Baines). Pond on the old Race-course, Ripon. Baines records it from Staveley Carrs, which are now completely drained. 507. Callitriche verna. Water star-wort. Pools and wet places, common. 5098. C. platycarpa. Sharow mires, in small quantity. 510. ©. hamulata. Whitemere (or Raygill Dyke) on Hutton Moor. Var. fedunculata in other small ponds on Hutton Moor ; Sharow mires. 513. Bryonia dioica. Red-berried bryony. Hedges, abundant. 514. Ribes grossularia. Gooseberry. Both varieties occur in woods and hedges, probably introduced by the agency of birds. 515. R.alpinum. Alpine currant. Common on all rocks and walls near Fountains, doubtless originally intro- duced. Baines records it from woods near Ripon, but I have only seen one bush outside the grounds of Fountains, which was shewn to me by the Rev. J. S. Tute on the banks of Markington beck, and which had probably escaped from a garden or was sown by the agency of birds. 517. R. nigrum. Black currant. Woods and _ hedges, probably sown by birds. 525. Sedum acre. Yellow wall stone-crop. Walls and roofs, not uncommon. Fountains, &c. 527. S.reflexum. Crooked yellow stone-crop. Is said to grow on old walls in this neighbourhood. Plentiful in cottage gardens. 530. Sempervivum tectorum. Houseleek. Walls and roofs of cottages, occasional. 142 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 535A. Saxifraga crenata. Grounds at Fountains, not wild. 540. 543: 549. 550. 551. 552. 554- 557: 559: 565. 569. 570. S. tridactylites. Rue-leaved saxifrage. Walls, un- common. Sharow, rare ; Swinton. S. granulata. Meadow saxifrage. Dry meadows and banks, local. Sharow ; Old Racecourse (Miss Mor- ton) ; Railway banks near Hutton Conyers. Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. Common golden saxifrage. Damp places and streams in woods, common. C. alternifolium. Alternate-leaved golden saxifrage. In similar places to, but much rarer than last. Hackfall (J. Carter) ; near Tanfield Hall (Baines) ; Path side near Fountain’s Abbey (Baines). Parnassia palustris. Grass of Parnassus. Wet places, notcommon. Sparingly by the Ure; Hutton Moor ; Cowmire near Galphay (Miss Morton). Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Marsh pennywort. Marshes, not uncommon. Cowmire, Galphay (Miss Morton) ; a marshy field below Blois Hall; Gormire under Hambledon; Leckby Carr; Whitemere (Raygill dyke) ; on Hutton Moor; etc. Sanicula europzea. Wood sanicle. Woods, abundant. Cicuta virosa. Water hemlock. Ditches. In apond near the Park lawn, Knaresborough (Baines). Helosciadium nodiflorum. Marsh-wort. Marshes and riversides, not uncommon. Banks of the Ure. Var. vefens on the road from Knaresborough to Ripley and by Scriven Park Lodge; also in wet places in a wood below Boltby Scarr, Thirsk (Baines). /=gopodium Podagraria. Gout-weed. Waste damp places, not uncommon. Bunium flexuosum. Earth-nut. Woods and meadows, plentiful. Pimpinella Saxifraga. Burnet-saxifrage. Meadows, not uncommon. Trans. Y.N-U. 1882 (pub. 1884). Series E 571. 573: 574- 578. 591. 582. 583. 585. 596. 589. 592. 597: SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 143 P. magna, Greater burnet-saxifrage. Not a common plant in general, but plentiful by every hedge near Ripon. Sium angustifolium. Narrow-leaved water parsnip. Marshes, not uncommon. Near Hewick Bridge. Bupleurum rotundifolium. MHare’s ear. Cornfields. “In every ploughing field near Copgrove” (Rev. J. Dalton, 1820). Near Ripon (Baines). Has not been recently found. GEnanthe fistulosa. Water drop-wort. Marshes. not common. Sharow mires. Pillmoor Carr near Sharow. GE. Lachenalii. “Boggy places, ponds, and ditches near Ripon” (Mr. Brunton). ‘‘Very common in all wet places about Copgrove” (Rev. J. Dalton). These records do not agree with modern experience ; the writer has found one plant only by the Ure below Hewick Bridge on the south side of the river. QE. crocata. Hemlock water drop-wort. Ditches and river sides, not uncommon. CE. Phellandrium. Fine-leaved water drop-wort. In shallow pools and ditches, not common. Pillmoor Carr near Sharow. AEthusa cynapium. Fool’s parsley. Waste ground and cultivated land, frequent. Foeniculum vulgare. Fennel. Sea cliffs. Occurs occasionally as an escape from gardens. Near Sharow. Silaus pratensis. Pepper-saxifrage. Fields, not un- common. Near Mackershaw. Bridge Hewick. Railway banks near Hutton Conyers. Angelica sylvestris. Wild Angelica. Woods, especial- ly in damp places, common. Heracleum sphondylium. Cow parsnip. Fields and hedges, abundant. 144 599: 600. 60l. 602. 604. 606. ae 608. 609. 610. 614. 616. 617. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Daucus carota. Wild carrot. Dry fields and waste ground, not very abundant. Caucalis daucoides. Bur-parsley. Borders of fields. Ploughing fields between Thornbrough and Tanfield (Rev. J. Dalton). Near Ripon (W. Brunton). Knaresborough (Baines). Torilis infesta. Spreading hedge-parsley. Cornfields near Ripon (Baines). A few plants near Copt Hewick (1880). T. Anthriscus. Erect hedge-parsley. Fields and way- sides, common. Cherophyllum Anthriscus. Beaked parsley. Hedge banks. C. sylvestre. Wild beaked parsley. Under or near hedges, common. C.temulum. Rough chervil. Hedges and woods, common. Myrrhis odorata. Sweet cicely. Not uncommon by water. Banks of the Ure, etc. Scandix pecten-veneris. Shepherd’s needle. Corn- fields, very common. Conium maculatum. Hemlock. Waste ground, un- common. Under the rocks at Fountains. Hedera Helix. Ivy. On trees and walls, also on the ground, abundant. Cornus sanguinea. Dogwood. Hedges, not unom- mon. Copt Hewick; Staveley ; etc. Viscum album. Mistletoe. Used to grow on ¢ tree near Sleningford, which has been pointed out the writer. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1884), Series E 610. 610. 620. 621. 624. 625. 635. 636. SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 145 COROLLIFLORA. Adoxa moschatellina. Moschatel. Woods and hedge- rows, common. Sambucus nigra. Elder. Woods and hedges, com- mon. In the “‘ Swallow holes” near Hutton Conyers there are some very large elder-trees, one measuring some fifty-eight inches in circumference a yard from the ground. S. Ebulus. Dwarf elder. Said to grow near Ripon commonly, and Dr. Lees records it (‘“‘ West York- shire”). I never met with it except in a hedge near Leckby Carr. Viburnum Opulus. Guelder rose. Not uncommon in woods ; owing to the attacks ofan insect it is often flowerless. Lonicera Periclymenum. Honeysuckle. Woods and hedges, common. L. Xylosteum. Shrubby honeysuckle. Dr. Lees records it from the Boroughbridge district (‘‘ West Yorkshire ”). Galium cruciatum. Cross-wort. Woods and waste places, most abundant. G. verum. Yellow bedstraw. Prefers dry situations, common. G. mollugo. Great hedge bedstraw. Hedges, not very common. Tanfield; Sleningford ; etc. G. saxatile. Smooth heath bedstraw. Waste ground, not very common. Leckby Carr; Sharow mires ; Swinton. G. palustre. Water bedstraw. Wet places, common. Sharow mires ; Hutton Moor ; etc. G. uliginosum,. Rough marsh bedstraw. Marshes, etc., not common. Side of Ure towards Newby, in wet places ; near Fountains (Mrs. Berkeley). 146 6309. 641. 643. 645. 646. 648. 649. 653. 654. 655. 656. 658. 659. 660. 661. 662. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. G. Aparine. Cleavers. Hedges, everywhere abundant. Asperula odorata. Wood-ruff. Woods, common. Sherardia arvensis. Field madder. Cornfields, moderately common. Valeriana dioica. Marsh valerian. Not uncommon in wet meadows. Sharow mires; Marfield, Masham ; fields on road to Galphay and near Clotherholme. V. officinalis. Common valerian. Marshes and damp woods, pretty common. Valerianella olitoria. Corn salad. Cornfields, not uncommon. V.dentata. A cornfield alien. In a field near Leckby Carr (1881). Dipsacus pilosus. Small teasel. ‘‘Fountains Abbey” (Rev. J. Dalton). - Has lately been found under the rocks there by Miss Morton. Scabiosa succisa. Devil’s bit. Wet places, and woods. Marfield, Masham ; very common at Hack- fall ; Sharow mires. S. columbaria. Little scabious. Waste ground. Railway banks; by the Ure, etc. S. arvensis. Field scabious. Fields and waste places, very common. Silyoum Marianum. Milk thistle. Hackfall district (Dr. Lees, “‘West Yorkshire”). Carduus tenuiflorus. Slender-flowered thistle. Dry waste ground, not uncommon. C. nutans. Musk thistle. Pastures and waste ground, not uncommon. C. crispus. Welted thistle. Waysides and waste places, common. C. lanceolatus. Spear thistle. Pastures and waysides, abundant. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1884). Series E 663. 664. 669. 671. 672. OWS 674. 678. 6709. 680. 684. 685. 686. 687. 689. 690. SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 147 C. eriophorus. Woolly-headed thistle. Dry waste ground and pastures, not uncommon. Quarry-moor; Mackershaw, etc. C. palustris. Marsh thistle. Damp shady places, not uncommon. Mackershaw and Studley woods ; Hackfall ; ete. C. arvensis. Creeping thistle. Fields and waysides, very abundant. Carlina vulgaris. Carline thistle. Not uncommon on higher ground. Meadows on the road to Galphay ; hills near Masham ; Quarry Moor. Arctium majus. Burr-dock. Waste ground, not un- common. A. minus. Waste ground, common. A. intermedium. Studley district (F. A. Lees, in Davis and Lees’ “ West Yorkshire ”’). Centaurea nigra. Black knapweed. Everywhere abundant. C. Scabiosa. Greater knapweed. Not uncommon by roadsides, and by the R. Ure. C. cyanus. Blue-bottle. An occasional corn-field alien. Chrysanthemum segetum. Corn marigold. Occa- sional in cornfields. Leckby Carr, 1881; near Ripon same year (Mrs. Berkeley). C. Leucanthemum. Ox-eye daisy. Common in all meadows and waste places. Matricaria Parthenium. Feverfew. Waste places, not indigenous. Not uncommon near Sharow. M. inodora. Corn feverfew. Fields and waysides, common. Tanacetum vulgare. Tansy. Waste ground. Very common on Ure banks. Anthemis Cotula. Stinking chamomile. Waste ground and roadsides, frequent. 148 691. 694. 695. 696. 697. 700. 705. 797: Gfitits Ft Do 13: 716. 717: 718. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. A. arvensis. Corn chamomile. Cornfields, not un- common. Hutton Moor and Bridge Hewick, 1881 ; Sharow, same year (Mrs. Berkeley). Achillea Millefolium. Yarrow. Pastures and way- sides, abundant. A. Ptarmica. Sneeze-wort. Boggy meadows and woods. Sharow mires ; not uncommon near Masham. Artemisia Absinthium. Wormwood. Waste ground, generally near houses, rare. Near Littlethorpe ; Kirby Hill (Baines). A. vulgaris. Mug-wort. Woods and hedges, not un- common. Very large and abundant at Sharow mires. Filago germanica. Common cud-weed. Dry sandy places, preferring bare ground, not uncommon. Sandy cliffs near Sharow. Gnaphalium uliginosum. Marsh cudweed. Damp places, uncommon. Hutton Moor. G.sylvaticum. Woodcudweed. Woods and pastures, not common. Up the Laver above Clotherholme; near Tanfield. G. dioicum. Cats-foot. Mountain pastures, rare. Only met with on the hills around Masham. Senecio vulgaris. Groundsel. Waste ground, abundant. S. sylvaticus. Mountain Groundsel. I never noticed this plant except near Swinton, Healey, and Masham. S. erucifolius. Downy ragwort. Waste ground, not uncommon. Whitcliffe, 1880; Givendale, 1881. In the latter year Mrs. Berkeley found it at Fountains Hall, and near Knaresborough. S. Jacobeza. Ragwort. Meadows and roadsides, very common. S. aquaticus. Water ragwort. Common in marshy places. Sharow mires; Marfield, Masham; &c. Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1884). Series E 123: (ese 734. 736. 740. 741. 742. 743: 744. 745: 748. 751. 752. 755: SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. 149 Doronicum Pardalianches. Leopard’s bane. Copses, rare. Near Swinton (Baines); Marfield, Masham ; Leckby Carr. Bidens cernua. Bur-marigold. Watery places, rare. Ripon Common (Miss Morton) whence I have seen specimens, but the plant, from drainage, appears to be now extinct there. Bellis perennis. Daisy. Everywhere abundant. Erigeron acris. Blue flea-bane. Dry places on a calcareous soil. The only locality for this plant near Ripon, as far as I know, is Quarry Moor, where it is plentiful. Solidago Virga-aurea. Golden rod. Woods and banks, a rare plant near Ripon. In Hackfall in small quantity ; Wicliffe Lane, a few plants. Tussilago Farfara. Colt’s-foot. Arable land and stream sides, abundant. Petasites vulgaris. Butter-burr. Stream sides, abundant. Eupatorium Cannabinum. Hemp agrimony. Banks of streams and wet places, not uncommon. Cichorium Intybus. Chicory. Railway banks near Tanfield (Mrs. Berkeley); one plant by the Ure, near Givendale, 1880. Lapsana communis. Nipple-wort. Waste places and arable land, common. Hypocheeris radicata. Cat’s-ear. Fields and waste ground, common. Leontodon hispidus. Hairy hawk-bit. Fields and waste ground, pretty common. L. autumnalis. Autumnal hawk-bit. Meadows and pastures, common. Tragopogon pratensis. Yellowgoat’sbeard. Meadows, common. Every plant that I have looked at near Ripon has been of var. 4. (minor), in which the ligules fall short of the involucre. 150 757: 758. 761. OR 764. 765. 770. 773: 774- 775: 795: 796. 799: Sol. 803. 805. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Taraxacum officinale. Dandelion. A common weed. Var. d. ( palustre), with light-coloured fruit and almost pinnatifid leaves, is not uncommon. Lactuca virosa. Acrid lettuce. Lees records this from the Studley district (“‘ West Yorkshire.”) L. muralis. Wall lettuce. Old walls and shady rocks. Very common on, and near, Fountains Abbey. Sonchus oleraceus. Sow-thistle. Waste ground, abundant. S. asper. Rough sow-thistle. Waste ground. Occa- sional near Leckby Carr, 188t. S. arvensis. Corn sow-thistle. Cornfields, abundant. Crepis virens. Smooth hawksbeard. Dry waste places, walls and banks, common. C. paludosa. Succory-leaved hawksbeard. Damp woods. Near Studley (Baines) ; Mackershaw. Hieracium Pilosella. Mouse-ear hawkweed. Dry banks and roadsides, common. H. aurantiacum. Orange hawkweed. Originally a garden escape. Swinton, 1881 (Mrs. Berkeley). H. murorum. Woods, walls, and rocks, not uncom- mon. Mackershaw; rocks at Knaresbro’ (Baines) ; Hackfall, &c. H. cesium. (4. sylvaticum of Baines?). Recorded by Lees from Hackfall district, in “‘ West Yorkshire.” H. vulgatum. Woods, uncommon. Mickley end of Hackfall ; Mackershaw. H. gothicum. Hackfall district (Lees, ‘“‘ West York- shire ”’). H. prenanthoides. Hackfall district (Lees, l.c.). H. umbellatum. ‘In an old stone quarry called ‘Blind Pit,’ at Hutton, near Ripon” (Baines) ; still found there; found besides at Hackfall, whence Lees also records it (l.c.). Trans. Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1884). Series E 808. 811. 814. 816. 818. 822. 824. 827. &36. 837. 840. 841. 842. 843. 847. SLATER: FLORA OF RIPON. I51 H. boreale. Woods and banks, occasional. Tanfield ; Wath. Jasione montana. Sheep’sscabious. Fields and lanes, not uncommon. Hutton Moor; Masham; Quarry Moor, &c. Campanula glomerata. Clustered bell-flower. Fields and stream sides, nowhere plentiful, but generally distributed. C. latifolia. Giant bell-flower. Woods and shady places, common. CG. rotundifolia. Hair-bell. Walls, and dry banks, abundant. Specularia hybrida. Corn bell-flower. Dry gravelly places. Gravel pit near Copgrove (Baines). Vaccinium Oxycoccus. Cranberry. Bogs. In some abundance at Leckby Carr; Whitemere, on Hutton Moor. V. Myrtillus. Bilberry. Woods. WHackfall; Macker- shaw; Plumpton rocks; Spa Gill (Mrs. Berkeley). Erica Tetralix. Cross-leaved heath. Leckby Carr ; Hutton Moor ; near Masham ; Swinton, &c. E. cinerea. Common heath. Leckby Carr; Hutton Moor ; near Masham ; Swinton, &c. Calluna vulgaris. Ling. Leckby Carr; Hutton Moor; near Masham ; Swinton, &c. Pyrola rotundifolia. ‘‘ Near the water-fall at Lord Grantley’s Lakes on Sawley Moor” (Brunton). This, if still existing, will very likely prove to be 842. P. media. “ Hackfall and Studley woods” (Winch) ; has not been seen of late years. P. minor. Lesser winter green. Hackfall, near Mick- ley ; Mackershaw (rare, but undoubted / mznor). Fraxinus excelsior. Ash. Woods and _ hedges, common, 152 848. 850. 853. 857. 858. 861. 862. 863. YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Ligustrum vulgare. Privet. Woods and hedges. Near Sharow (introduced); Mackershaw (has the appearance of being planted here also, as game- covert) ; Hackfall, in small quantity. Vinca minor. Lesser periwinkle. Woods and banks, rare. Tanfield, near Helleborus viridis ; Sawley and Grantley woods (Plues). Erythreea centaurium. Centaury. Fields, not very common. ‘Thieves Gill; Quarry Moor; Mackershaw. Chlora perfoliata. Yellow wort. Fields and banks, local. Quarry Moor; Whitcliffe; in large quantity (1881) in a field near Thieves Gill. Gentiana pneumonanthe. Marsh gentian. Bogs. Leckby Carr (Plues et al.) ; Pillmoor. G. amarella. Autumn gentian. Calcareous fields, not uncommon. At Quarry Moor this plant may be found with four- or five-cleft calyx and corolla, and the lobes of the latter sometimes equal and sometimes unequal ; these points are the distinguishing features between this plant and the next, but at Quarry Moor, you may find four-cleft corolla with four-cleft unequal calyx, four-cleft corolla with five-cleft calyx, and five- cleft corolla with five-cleft regular calyx, and even find two of these forms of flower (and that, forms numbers one and three), actually growing on the same plant. Whether these are hybrids, or whether 861 and 862 are extreme forms of one species, I leave it to more learned botanists to settle, merely contenting myself with recording facts which anyone may verify for himself. G. campestris. Field gentian. Wicliffe Wood (Plues) ; abundant in a field near Thieves’ Gill. Menyanthes trifoliata. Bog-bean. Bogs and ditches, local. Swinton (Mrs. Berkeley); Marfield, Masham; Leckby Carr; Whitemere ; Hutton Moor. Trans, Y.N.U., 1882 (pub. 1884). Series E THE “TRANSACTIONS Ob THE ie Co ~ YORKSHIRE ¢ os ris _ NATURALISTS’ UNION. ——— PART 8. “sstica to the Members for the coe 1888. CONTENTS. Series Cea (exclusive of the Articulata), Sheet 3. _ Annotated List of the Land and Freshwater Mollusca known to - Inhabit Yorkshire (Valvata and Planorbis). BY WILLIAM NELSON and JOHN W. TAYLOR... pp. 33-48: Series D—Articurata—Sheets 8, 9. ‘On Some Probable Causes of a Tendency to Melanic Variation — in Lepidoptera of High Latitudes (Presidential Address for 1884). By Lorp WaLsIncHam, M.A., F.L. S., &. pp. 113—140. Series E— Borany—Sheets LE ont 2: Eth - The Flora of Ripon and Neietnousieed: By Rev. H. H. Siarer; M.A., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U- pp. 153—184. The Fathers of Yorkshire Botany (Presidential Address for 1883). - By Joun GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S." . pp. 185—200. London : W. SATCHELL AND CO., 12, TAVISTOCK. STREET, W.C. LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., PRINTERS, HUNSLET NEW. ROAD. MARCH, 1885. dee : ee Dorkshire aturalists’ Union, 1885. President : i REV. W. H. DALLINGER, LL.D., F.R.S., Pres.R.M.S., SHEFFIELD. Orce-Presidents : , ™ REV. WM. FOWLER, M-A., LIVERSEDGE. -_ I. CLIFTON SORBY, LL.D.) F/R.S., SHEFFIELD. PROF. W. C. WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R-‘S., MANCHESTER. JOUN GILBERT: BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S,, Kew, * RT. HON. LORD, WALSINGHAM, /M.A., F-L.S. ca Secretaries : * WM. DENISON :‘(ROEBUCK F.L.S., LEEps. : ig ae EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S.. M.B.O.U., . LEEDs. Yireswents of Sections : JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U,, GREAT Cores. * REV. W. C. HEY, M.A,;. Yor«. * GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S., HUDDERSFIELD. THOMAS HICK, B.A.,. B.Sc.,, HARROGATE. REV. E. MAULE COLE, M.A., WETWANG. Secretaries of Sections : JAMES BACKHOUSE, Jun., Vorx. J. D. BUTTERELL, BEVERLEY. | JOHN EMMFT, F.L.S., Boston Spa. * E. B. WRIGGLESWORTH, WAKEFIELD. Py F. LEE, DEwsBuRy. GEO. MASSEE, F.R.M.S., SCARBOROUGH. J. E. WILSON, BRADFORD. S. Av ADAMSON, F.G.S:, LEEDs. The General Committee, in which is vested the entire management of the affairs of the Union, - consists of the above-mentioned officers, the delegates representing the © various societies, and the following personal members :— Alfred H. Allen, F.C:S., Sheffield —. J. M. Kirk, Doncaster S. D. Bairstow, F.L.S., Port Elizabeth F. Arnold Lees, Hawes Thomas Birks, jun., Hull Thomas Lister, Barnsley. W. E. Brady,. Barnsley H.R. Moiser, F.G.S., York Geo. Brook, ter., F.L.S., Taiabuieh. William Nelson, Leeds Edward: Brooke, F.G.S:, Huddersfield H. Franklin Parsons, M. D:, F.G.S., Thomas Bunker, Goole London J. Charles Burrell, Sheffield J. Ambrose Ridgway, F.R.A.S., Beverley W. Norwood Cheesman, Selby J. H. Rowntree, Scarborough J. Edmund Clark, B.A., B.Se:, York Rev. H. H. Slater, M.A., F.Z.S., Ir John Conacher, jun., Huddersfield chester, Northamptonshire Geo. C. Dennis, York M. B. Slater, Malton Prof. Alfred Denny, Sheffield * Hy T, Soppitt, Saltaire F. W. Dickinson, Rotherham James Spencer, Halifax N. F. Dobrée, Beverley wee * John James Stead, Heckmondwike Prof, A. H. Green, M.A,, F.G.S., Leeds J. A. Erskine Stuart, Batley William Gregson, Baldersby, Thirsk ‘ John W. Taylor, Leeds * Charles P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., Dewsbury Washington Teasdale, F.R.M.S., Leeds * Benjamin Holgate, F.G.S., Leeds William. West, Bradford Edward Hunter, Goole * The members thus marked constitute the Executive, ee Sidi "NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 33 7. Went Vale—Went Bridge, J.W. 12. Lower Calder—Canal at Heath Bridge near Wakefield, a few speci- mens, J.W. Mr. J. Emmet has recently informed us that the var. depressa occurs with the type at Boston Spa, and also con- firms the York record. Var. subcylindrica Jeffr. 6. Trent—Conisborough, 1873, J.W. 7. Went Vale—River Went near Ackworth, J.H. 11. Upper Calder—Reservoir near Halifax, 1872, J].W. 12. Lower Calder—Canal, Heath Bridge, Wakefield, J.W. 13. Airedale—Canal at Saltaire, 1873, J. W. Var. acuminata Jeffr. 3. Vale of York—Foss Drift, Hugh Richardson. 24. Holderness—In the drift, Beverley Beck, in the Bioeuley and Barm- ston Drain, and at Figham, J.D.B. Var. pusilla Miill. Shell smaller, with 4 to 4% whorls, diam. 4 mill., alt. 4 mill. 7. Went Vale—A single specimen amongst a few sent to us from Hems- worth dam, by Mr. Hugh Richardson. Var. albina Taylor. 7. Went Vale—Mr. Wilcock has found whitish specimens approaching this variety at Went Bridge, in 1863, and at intervals since. Mr. Wilcock has found somewhat scalariform monstrosities at Wentbridge, 1869 ; near Halifax, 1872, Heath Bridge near Wakefield, 1872 ; and New Miller Dam, 1874. 20: Valvata cristata (Miiller). Abundant, but very local. This species appears to haye three areas of distribution, all in the eastern half of the county, corresponding to the low- 8) 34 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. lying alluvial plains of the three river systems: the Ouse and its tributaries in the centre, the Tees in the north, and the Hull in the south-east. It is found in great abundance in a subfossil state in the mud cliffs at Hornsea, and is thrown up by the moles in the neighbourhood of Askern, testifying to its former occurrence in those places. The egg capsules of this species are very peculiar, re- sembling small curved spines projecting perpendicularly from the leaf upon which they rest. The number of eggs in each capsule is variable, but a greater number than eight has not been noticed. ‘They are arranged in a single series, and are of a reddish colour. 3. Vale of York—Generally distributed in ponds in the Ainsty, F. G. Binnie; pond at Church Fenton, J.D. ! pond near Healaugh Hall, Tadcaster, F. G. Binnie; in profusion in Askham Bog, and greatly on the increase there, W. C. Hey! pretty common in the River Foss and the small stream running into it, R.M.C. ; afew in the River Ouse drift, R.M.C.; one at South Milford, in 1879 ! Boston Spa, J. Emmet. 4. Humber—Canal near Burton Hall! ditch at Bariow Common, Selby ! abundant, but very thickly encrusted, amongst decaying vegetation in a ditch near to and in the canal at Selby ! 7. Went Vale—A few in the River Went, attached to a caddis case, C.A. ; a few on caddis cases in Went dyke, 1865, between Ackworth and Went Bridge, J.W.; Askern, H.S. ! Ackworth School Canal, but not found in such numbers since it was cleaned out ; empty shells formerly found in mud turned out of mill stream in 1879, H. Richardson ; Campsall Park, L.P.; large numbers in dykes on both sides of the road between Smeaton and Campsall, J.W. 20. Lower Tees—In ditches at Great Ayton, J. W. Watson. Seems to be of rare occurrence in this district ; I have taken one or two speci- mens at odd times in the fish pond at Kirkleatham near Redcar, and Mr. J. W. Watson informs me it used to be common in many of the ponds near Gt. Ayton. I however have not been able to confirm this up to the present time.—Baker Hudson. 22. Upper Derwent—It appears in the late Mr. Bean’s list of Scarborough shells : not found by Mr. J. H. Ashford, 23. Chalk Wolds — Leckonfield Moat, J.D.B.; Bridlington, common attached to caddis cases ina pond near railway on west side of line to Scarborough, April 12, 1884, G. Wingate! Trans. Y.N.U., 1883 (pub. 1885). Series C NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 35 24. Holderness—On caddis cases in the Leven canal, J.D.B.; also in the Drift, Beverley Beck, J.D.B. WS 6S Rectification of Districts. We take the opportunity of stating that while the system of districts adopted at the commencement of our work has been practically satisfactory, the line separating the Chalk Wolds and Holderness has not been so nearly coincident with the physical features as could be wished. For the future the line of railway from Hull to Driffield and Bridlington will be adopted in place of the river Hull, thus throwing a number of records from the low-lying country on the right bank of that river into the district with which they have most affinity. We propose also to separate the records given for district No. 18, or Swaledale, by detaching—by means of the railway from Melmerby to Dalton Junction—the low-lying country of which Thirsk is the centre; this district we shall describe as 18a Vale of Mowbray. ———==sees00nece=—=——--- ORDER PULMONOBRANCHIATA. Family LIMNAIDA. Dr. Gould, in his ‘Report on the Invertebrata of Massa- chusetts,’ says: ‘ From the fact of my finding young individuals only in the spring and numerous dead full-grown shells during the late autumn and winter, I presume they arrive at maturity during one season.’ ‘This scarcely accords with our experience of this family, as we have generally found them full-grown in summer, and in many cases in spring, and have only found young and immature specimens in autumn. The Limnzidz begin to deposit their spawn during the early part of March, and continue throughout the whole of the 36 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. spring, the greater part of the old ones dying off before July, and in many cases before June, or even May. Several of the species are found in a subfossil state in the mud cliffs at Hornsea, and ina deposit which has evidently been formed on the bed of an ancient lake at Askern. ——:0:—— Genus PLANORBIS Guettard. Dr. Jeffreys and Prof. Tate state that this genus has the remarkable peculiarity of voluntarily emitting a purple fluid on being irritated, this being considered a mode of defence against their enemies, analogous to that of the Aplysia, stating that the liquid is secreted by glands at the side of the neck. Professor Ray Lankester has however pointed out (‘ Zool. Anzeiger,’ p. 343, 1884), that the fluid is under no circum- stances shed from the body of these animals unless the surface be wounded. The aquiferous pores said to exist in the foot for the admission of water to the blood-system, are denied by Prof. Lankester to have any existence in fact. The expansion of the foot would appear to be caused by a rapid flow of blood from other parts of the body. The foot is short. The animals of this genus, when kept in an aquarium, as well as naturally in ponds, are fond of crawl- ing out of the water, also of floating on the under surface of the water, and possess the power of making mucous threads, along which they occasionally travel. The species of this genus do not appear in Yorkshire to inhabit to any extent the Western dales of our county, and Mr. J. S. Harper, of Sedbergh, informs us that no species of the genus is found in that neighbourhood. ——:0:—— Subgenus SEGMENTINA Fleming. Shell orbicular, depressed, furnished with transverse testaceous partitions or teeth. Aperture transversely oval or circular (‘ Adams’ Genera of Recent Mollusca,’ vol. ii. p. 264). Trans. Y.N.U., 1883 (pub. 1885). Series C NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 37 Planorbis lineatus Walker. Abundant, but extremely local. So far as is at present known, this species in Yorkshire only occurs in one or two localities round York and in one in Holderness. Askham (or more correctly speaking, Dringhouses) Bog is its great stronghold, and here it is in great abundance. On Strensall Common it occurs but only sparingly. A few are said to have been found in Hobmoor ponds, while in 1855 a few were found in the Tillmire ponds, and in 1859 in the direc- tion of Osbaldwick, all these places being in the immediate vicinity of the city of York. Mr. R. M. Christy, who collected round about York with great assiduity for some years, informs us that he himself has not met with the species elsewhere than at Askham, where in some ponds it abounds, whilst in others there are scarcely any at all. In its habitat this species differs from Planorbis nitidus, which prefers living among decaying leaves in stagnant pools ; P. lineatus by preference inhabits clearer and shallower ponds where there is grass growing, and even when its pond is slightly flooded Mr Christy’s experience is that it will come up into the flooded grassy margin. The Yorkshire localities are interesting on account of being the most northerly habitat in Britain and forming an entirely detached outlier, the nearest known locality being the neigh- bourhood of Norwich. Lovell Reeve mentions that it has been found in the south of Scotland, but this observation has not been confirmed. A highly polished yellow variety is plentiful in freshwater streams near Melbourne, Australia, according to Mr W. F. Petterd, of Launceston. Dr. Jeffreys states that it lays only from three to eight eggs, but we are inclined to think that these are the numbers in a single capsule, of which in all probability several are laid in the 38 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. course of the season. The septa are formed in immature individuals and are not a characteristic of adult specimens only, as stated by some authors. Mr. Sheriff Tye, in his article upon mucous threads, denies this species the power of making them, on account of its inhabit- ing running streams. In Yorkshire this bar to the exercise of the power does not exist, as the habitat in all cases is still pools. 3. Vale of York—Dringhouses Bog, in profusion, W. Cs Hey and others ! This locality is sometimes, but not quite accurately, referred to as ‘Askham Bog.’ Tillmire ponds, a few in 1855, R.M.C.; near Osbaldwick, 1859, R.M.C.; Hobmoor ponds, a few formerly, R.M.C. ; Strensall Common, sparingly, W.C. Hey ; pond at Cop- manthorpe, J. Emmet. 24. Holderness—Hornsea Mere, common, J.D.B. and W.D.R. ! OO Subgenus GYRAULUS Agassiz. Shell orbicular above, flat beneath; whorls few, rapidly increasing (Adams’ ‘Genera of Recent Mollusca,’ ii. p. 263). —-0-:—— Planorbis nitidus (Miuil.). P. fragilis Mousson. Local and not common. The P. fragilis of Mousson is considered by Moquin- Tandon to be a pale, thin variety of this species. The keel in the normal form is situate at or near the middle of the shell, but Mr. Nelson has met with specimens at Birmingham with the keel at the lower or basal edge as in Planorbis complanatus. It is closely allied to P. exacutus of Say, a species inhabiting North America. The distribution of this species in Yorkshire is mainly confined to the central and southern parts of the county, the only exceptions being the four stations on the eastern coast. Trans. Y.N.U., 1883 (pub. 1885). Series C NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 39 Mr. Borrer has remarked that this species has a preference for Callitriche verna in clear water; other observers give as its favourite habitat the decaying leaves in stagnant pools. Rey. W. C. Hey has collected this species in company with P. lineatus at Dringhouses, and Mr. Roebuck has also found them associated at Hornsea Mere. The fact of their occasionally living in company was not known to Dr. Jeffreys. 3. Vale of York—Rare in the York district; R.M.C. has found it, but not common, in the Foss, and in one pond at Hobmoor, and Mr. C. Wakefield has some he says he obtained from Askham, R.M.C. ; Askham Bog, one specimen, July 1875, W. E. Brown; Dring- houses Bog, in company with P. dimeatus, W. C. Hey ; ponds near Healaugh and Bilbrough, F. G. Binnie; pond, Aketon near Spofforth !| Asp ponds, Knaresborough ! Boroughbridge, J. Wilcock ; Sherburn, 1870, G. Roberts. 4. Humber—Fryston Hall Fish-pond, July Ist, 1871, Geo. Roberts and J. W.; pond, Camblesforth ! canal near Burton Hall ! 7. Went Vale—At Ackworth this species was common in an old roadside fish-pond among duckweed a year or two ago, then nearly dis- appeared, but has again increased, C.A. (1854); Hessle! Hems- worth, J.H. ; one specimen in the Went, W. E. Brown; pond by Hessle Farm near Ackworth, in June 1883, H. Richardson ; a few, associated with P. maztilews, in a small pond on the right of the road from Ackworth to Bracken Common, G. F. Linney ; associ- ated with /. albus in Colonel Vincent’s pond, Ackworth, G. F. Linney ; South Elmsall, 1875, J.W.; the pool at Askern, 1879, J.W.; river Went, between Campsall and Askern, J. W. 8. Dearne—Bretton Park, common, W.D.R.! 10, Co/ne—Canal near Huddersfield, J. Wh. ; Deighton, common, J.Wh. 11. Upper Calder—Luddenden Valley, J.C., 1875. 12. Lower Calder—Kirkthorpe, J.H.! pond between Crofton and Nostel, 1869, J.W. ; Barnsley canal, several, J.W. 13. Airedale—Canal at New Wortley, H.S.! goit at Meanwood, one speci- men, H.S.! stream in Goodman-street, Hunslet, 1861, now built over ! 20, Lower Tees—Occurs plentifully in a small pond at Acklam, near Middlesbrough, B. Hudson. 22. Upper Derwent—Pond in ‘ Plantation,’ Scarborough, C.A. 23. Chalk Wolds—Bridlington, W. C. Hey ; Bridlington, common attached to caddis casés in a pond near railway, west side of line to Scar- borough, April 12th, 1884, G. Wingate! sparingly in Leckonfield Moat, J.D.B.! 24. Holderness—Hornsea Mere, J.D.B. ! 40 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. Var. albida Nelson. 20. Lower Tees—A fine specimen in the fish-pond, Acklam, near Middles- brough, in the early part of 1883, with the type, B. Hudson. ——:-0-:—— Planorbis nautileus (L.). Widely distributed and common. This species seems to be pretty well diffused through the low-lying country in suitable places. It is usually abundant where it occurs, adhering to Azacharts and other plants. It is a favourite shell with some kinds of caddis-worms for attaching to their cases, Mr. R. M. Christy has some from Scarborough completely covered by a hundred or more specimens. The var. crvista is usually found with the type, of which it is generally considered to be merely an immature form. Mr. Wilcock, of Wakefield, one of our most assiduous and successful collectors, has found distorted specimens in several localities in the county, but does not specify the precise places. 3. Vale of York—Abundant in some ponds at Askham and Hobmoor, rare in the Foss, and very probably in some other places, but its small size renders it difficult of discovery, R.M.C.; Ouse drift, H. Richardson ; very plentiful along with Spherdum lacustre in a pond near Bootham Stray, York, H. Richardson ; ponds near York, W. C. Hey; ponds near Tadcaster, F. G. Binnie; Sherburn, 1870, G. Roberts; Knaresborough, J.W.; pond near Jackson’s Wood, Wetherby, F. G. Binnie ; pond between Wetherby and Walton, possibly the same place as preceding, J. Emmet ; ditch near Ouse, below York, in 1868, R. Whitwell! Strensall Common, W. C. Hey. 4. Humber—Fryston Park, H.P.! Castleford, Geo. Roberts; Milford, 1875, G. Roberts ; Selby, J.W. ; Drax, J.W.; Goole, J.W. 6. Trent—Conisborough, J.W.; Doncaster, J. W. 7. Went Vale—P. imbricatus at Ackworth, not common, found with Ancylus lacustris, C.A. (1854); Ackworth, extremely abundant in various ponds, C.A. (1874) ; Campsall lake, E, Lankester, 1842, and J.W., 1875 ; Hemsworth, J.W. ; Went Bridge, J.W. ; Nostel, Trans.Y.N.U., 1883 (pub. 1885). Series € NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 4I J.W.; Pontefract, J.W.; Askern, J.W.; very abundant at the brick ponds, Ackworth, on Chara, W. E. Brown ! and in a small pond on the road to Bracken common associated with P. xz¢édus, W. E. Brown. 8. Dearne—Bretton Park, J.W. ; several places near Barnsley, J. W. ; 11, Upper Calder—Near Hebden Bridge, in the old pits, on the weeds, D. Dyson’s Manchester List, 1850, p. 70. 12. Lower Calder—Newton, near Wakefield, J.W.! Ossett, common, J.H.; Cold Hiendley, common, J.H.; Wakefield, J.H.; Stanley, Geo. Roberts ; Outwood, Geo. Roberts; New Miller Dam, J.W. ; Alverthorpe, J.W. ; Coxley Valley, J.W. ; Batley, J.W. ; Crofton Park fish-pond, J.W.; Barnsley canal, J.W.; Altofts, J.W. ; Normanton, J. W. 3. Airedale—Pond at Temple View, York Road, Leeds, very plentiful! pond, Black Hills, Leeds! pond near Osmondthorpe Hall, Leeds! pond in Osmondthorpe Lane, Leeds, formerly common, not found in 1868! pond, Horse Shoe Lane, Leeds, H.S.! pond at Round- hay Grange! Calcoates Lane, Leeds, common, H.S.! pond in lane between Seacroft and Scarcroft, the only species found! pond near Seacroft Hall, associated with Pistdiam pustllum and Limnea peregra! pond, Oak-tree Farm, Harehills-lane, Leeds! Scholes, near Leeds! pond, Roundhay Limehills! Oulton, J.W. ; Bingley, J.W. ; canal, Saltaire, J. W. 16. Nidderdale—Pannal, J.W. 17. Wensleydale—West Tanfield! pond at Grewelthorpe, April, 1880! Skelton near Ripon ! 18a. Vale of Mowbray—Vale of Mowbray, W. Grainge, 1859. 20. Lower Tees—Ditches near Middlesbrough, W.H.B.; near Middles- brough, J. W. Watson; Coatham Marshes, where it is abundant on Lemma minor in a pond, the usual ridges imperfectly developed, C.A.; abundant in fish-pond at Kirkleatham, near Redcar, B. Hudson. 21. Eskdale—On the coast near Whitby, J.W. and G.R. 22. Upper Derwent—Scarborough, R.M.C. and J.W. 24. Holderness—Hornsea Mere, J.D.B.; pond near Springhead, Hull, abundant, 1881, J.D.B.; ditch bordering Swinemoor near Beverley, J.D.B. _ Var. crista (L.). We have adopted Linné’s name cvzs¢a to distinguish this variety, in preference to the more recent one cristata of Draparnaud. 3. Vale of York—Askham Bog, W. C. Hey ; Tadcaster, rarer than type, F. G. Binnie. 42 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 7. Went Vale—Ackworth, common, with type, C.A. 12. Lower Calder—Ossett and Cold Hiendley, occurring with the type, j.W. 13. Airedale—Pond, Oak Tree Farm, Horse Shoe Lane, Leeds! pond, Osmondthorpe, rather common! Roundhay Grange, very plentiful and characteristic, J. Abbott ! 17. Wensleydale—Skelton near Ripon ! 24. Holderness—Ditch bordering Swinemoor, Beverley, with the type, abundant, J.D.B. ; pond near Springhead, Hull, J.D.B. :5O-; Planorbis albus Mill. Planorbis hirsutus Gould ! Common and widely distributed. This is more widely dispersed in Yorkshire than any other species of the genus, having been reported from nineteen of the twenty-four districts into which the county is divided. Its northern limit in Britain is given by Dr. Jeffreys as Aberdeen, but it has since been found in the extreme north of Scotland, at the Lake of Brickigo, Caithness. Planorbis hirsutus of Gould, a native of North America, is considered by Dr. Jeffreys to be identical with the present species, and it is closely represented in South America, accord- ing to Hermann Jordan, by Planorbis Pfeiffert of Strobel, a species inhabiting the Argentine Republic. According to the observations of Mr. Borrer, this species is found in ponds on the clay, and not in those situate on the chalk or sand. 3. Vale of YorkK—Not common in the York district, most so if anywhere in the Foss; in some ponds at Strensall Common ; in Osbaldwick direction about 1859 ; Askham; Hobmoor, R.M.C. ; Clifton Ings, York, W. C. Hey ; Hobmoor ponds, W. C. Hey; Tadcaster, F. G. Binnie ; Strensall! Woodhall Bridge near Wetherby ! Malton, 1880, J.D.B. ; stream at Scarcroft, W.D.R.! frequent at Colling- ham and Boston Spa, J. Emmet. 4. Humber —Carlton pond near Snaith, abundant, W.D.R.! ditch near canal, Gateforth! canal near Burton Hall! 5. Hatfield and Thorne—Auckley Common, May 14, 1883! Trans. Y.N.U., 1883 (pub. 1885). Series C NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 43 ion . Trent—Pond near Sandbeck Park gates, a few, W.D.R. ! 7, Went Vale—Hemsworth Dam, good specimens, C.A., 1854; common throughout Ackworth district, fine in Hemsworth reservoir, C.A., 1874; on the weeds, W. E. Brown; Askern, H.S.! Norton, one! Hessle ! Colonel Vincent’s pond, Ackworth, associated with P. nitidus, G. F¥. Linney ; Nostel, H. Richardson. 8. Dearne—Canal at Royston! Bretton Park, common, W.D.R.! Wors- borough, H.C. ! 10. Co/ne—Mill-dam, Deighton, J.Wh.; Huddersfield, not uncommon in the canal and in stagnant ditches, G. H. Parke, 1868. 11. Upper Calder—Luddenden Valley, J.C., 1875. 12. Lower Calder—Sandal, G.T.! Woodkirk, Geo. Roberts ; various places round Wakefield, J. H., 1874; Wintersett reservoir, W. E. Brown. 13. Airedale—Roundhay, common in Waterloo Lake ! Mill goit at Adel! common in stream at Meanwood! Waterloo, H.S.! stream near Shepherd’s pond, Sheepscar! Swillington! Halton! Killingbeck, common! Thorp Hall pastures, one! Newsam Green near Woodlesford, common, H.S. ; canal at New Wortley, H.S.; and at Calverley, H.S. ! ditch beside river at Calverley Bridge! canal at Saltaire, common, W. West! Micklethwaite, near Bingley! Roundhay Grange! Allerton Ings, scarce! 14. Malhamdale—Skipton ! 16. Nidderdale-—Hartwith high and low dams, near Birstwith, and Ripley Beck, F. ‘T. Walker! 17. Wensleydale—Ponds at Staveley! pond at Grewelthorpe! pond at North Stainley! West Tanfield, several! Whitfield Gill, near Askrigg, one, W.D.R. ! 18a. Vale of Mowbray—Pond between Kilvington and Feliskirk, J. H. Davies, 1855. 20. Lower Tees—Ditches near Great Ayton, J. W. Watson ; fine, but not abundant, in fish-pond at Kirkleatham near Redcar, B. Hudson. 22. Upper Derwent—Scarborough Castle Hill, W. C. Hey. 23. Chalk Wolds—Very fine in a pond close to the precipice of Bempton Cliffs, 430 feet alt., W. C. Hey ; Welton Dale, near Brough, J.D.B. ; Londesborough, 1880, J.D.B. 24. Holderness—Leven canal, J.D.B. ; Hornsea Mere, J.D.B.; drift of Beverley Beck, moderately plentiful, J.D.B. ; Beverley and Barm- ston Drain, J.D.B. ; Swinemoor, near Beverley, J.D.B. Var Draparnaldi (Shepp.). Planorbis deflectus Say. Planorbis virens Adams. Planorbis obliquus De Kay. Dr. Jeffreys considers Planorbis deflectus of Say as referable to this variety: the Planorbis virens Adams, and Planorbis 44 NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. obliguus De Kay are considered synonymous with P. deflectus, by Mr. Binney. 12. Lower Calder—Very fine in a pond at Sandal near Wakefield, J.H. ! ——:-0-:-—— Planorbis parvus Say. Planorbis vermicularis Gould! Planorbis glaber Jeffreys ! Planorbis concavus Anthony. Planorbis elevatus Adams. Planorbis cupzecola Von Gall. Planorbis Moquini Req. Planorbis regularis Hartm. Very local, but widely diffused. This species must now be known as Planorbis parvus Say, instead of P. glaber Jeff., by which name it has been so generally known in England. Dr. Jeffreys himself acknowledged that the two names represent the same species. We add to the synonymy the P. vermicularis of Gould, of which species we have received specimens from Oregon, undistinguishable from our English examples of P. g/aber. Mr. Binney places P. concavus Anthony, and P. elevatus Adams as synonyms of P. parvus. Dr. Kobelt adds A. cupecola Von Gall., and -P. Moguini Requien ; and Prof. E. v. Martens has in addition P. vegularis Hartmann. 7. Went Vale—VPlanorbis levis is found in a small fish-pond at Ackworth, and although almost the whole district for two or three miles round-— and in some directions for five miles—has been diligently explored, they have not been found in any other pond in the neighbourhood, although they are there particularly abundant ; but no other shell is to be found with them, except a few Limnea peregra, J. W- Watson, Nat., 1854, p. 57 ; Ackworth, abundant in one small de- populated fish-pond, adhering to /otamogeton crispus; some strange monstrosities occur, C.A., Nat., 1854; abundant in a fish- pond in Ackworth Park, and there only, C.A., 1874 ; Ackworth! a few specimens in a pond on the right hand side of the road past Wakefield quarry, near Nostel, W. E. Brown; a few in dykes on both sides of the road between Smeaton and Campsall, J.W.; in Hepworth’s pond near Low Ackworth, G. F. Linney. Trans.Y.N.U., 1883 (pub. 1885). Series C NELSON AND TAYLOR: ON YORKSHIRE MOLLUSCA. 45 17. Wensleydale—Whitfield Gill near Askrigg, a single specimen picked out of moss, W.D.R. ! 20. Lower Tees—Ponds near Great Ayton, J. W. Watson. ——_——_——— ¢ aif eat Tn 1 Mil. __Lowest._ = Stn thanat oat. 2% | Fi 2 ab'vesurfatixe) o= ieee pedieic. || AC) 'E, Depth be 2\ in 5 Inches Ths: Messen A eee ta bre) |, ncn Aug. | Dee. 9788 | 4618 | i : 45-499, 4849 | 1 9010) 3676 | 1 30:298 | 2281 | 1 39616 | 3926 | 1 39892 | 4-468 | } 43103 | 3420 | 1 Tune 18 Mar. 24 | Tune 16 | Mar. 16 the case with the Exchange rain gauge, when two additional gauges were provided and fixed upon the surface of adjacent open spaces, one near to the Town Hall, the other near to the Midland Railway Station, between which the Exchange guuge is situate about midway, and the surfuco of ground nbout the same height. At both of these gauges, as well as at the Exchange gauge, daily observations were made from the commencement of 1876 to the end of 1882, a period of seven years, when the surface guuges were removed in consequence of the ground they occupied being no longer available for the purpose, The particulars of these gungings are set forth in tables. ‘The results show that the mean yearly rainfall on the surface of ground for the seven yeurs ending with 1862 is 3°86 inches, or 11°08 per ecnt,, greater than at the summit of the Exchange. The mean yearly ruinfall recorded at the Exchange for the sixteen years ending with 1885 is 31314 inches. By adding 11°08 per cent. thereto the mean normal rainfall of central Bradford for such period is found to be 34°783 inches per annum. There are goc* grounds for concluding that the smaller amount of rainfall collected on the Exchange—and on buildings generally—than on the surfacs of ground is due to the varying direction and force of wind there producing different currents and eddies, which prevent due precipitation on the top or ridge of roof where the gauge is fixed. ‘The rainfall of 1869 was collected by a gauge placed on the ridge of outer roof of Exchange, near to the north-west corner thereof. This Position not being deemed quite satisfactory, the gauge was removed at the end of that year to the ridge of ceutral roof—the place it has since occupied. To avoid risk of inaccurate results the rainfall of 1869 is omitted from these returns. ‘The instruments with which the observations are made have been verified by comparison with the standards ut Kew Observatory. THE ee ORL ONS OF THE Gee fF YORKSHIRE Guim NATURALISTS’ UNION. PART 10. 5 Issued to the Members for the year 1885. CONTENTS: - Series D—Articutata—vVol. III, Sheets 2 and 3. ‘List of the Coleoptera cf Yorkshire, by Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. CARABID@ (concluded), pp. 17—33. HALIPLIDA, pp: 33—35:- DYTISCIDA, pp. 35—48. - Series E—Borany—Sheets 16 and 17. The Flora of Dewsbury and Neighbourhood, by P. Fox Ler. pp. 225—248. _ [Series E— Borany—Vol. III., three sheets and one map, devoted to the Second Edition os Baker’s North Yorkshire, is issued separately with this, as Part 11 of the Transactions. | 5 meppendix— Mermorolocy (two sheets). S Meteorology of Bradford for 1886 and for 1887, By JoHN McLaAnpssoroucH, F.R.A.S., F.R.Met.S., F.G.S., and ALFRED ELEY PRESTON, Assoc. M. Inst. CE Hes FeRs Met. S., F.G.S., (presented by the authors). _ Appendix— Reprints OF EXCURSION CIRCULARS. 61st Meeting—Askern, Thursday, May 2oth, 1886. 62nd Meeting—Flamborough, Whit- Monday, June 14th, 1886. 5. 63rd Meeting—Pateley Bridge, Saturday, July 17th, 1886. a 64th Meeting—Pickering, Bank-Holiday Monday, August 2nd, 1886. 5 66th Meeting—Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Whit-Monday, May 30th, 1887. a 67th Meeting-——Thirkleby Park, Wednesday, July 20th, 1887. - 68th Meeting—Sedbergh, Bank Holiday Monday, Aug. Ist, 1887. = 69th Meeting—Welton, Saturday, August 27th, 1887. = 70th Meeting—Hatfield Chace, Wednesday, September 2Ist, 1887. wee A] Appendix— Proceedings of 25th Annual Meeting at Dewsbury, March, 1887— ~ with List of Members of the Union. LEEDS: TAYLOR BROS., PRINTERS, SOVEREIGN STREET. MARCH, 1888. aN NDa» OCT 11 1945 V0 A ts \ HRY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA, 17 Pterostichus niger Schal. Generally distributed and moderately common. 2. N.E.—Scarboro’ (VK. £.); Middlesbro’ (2B. Hudson). 3. N.W.—Barnard Castle (W.C..). 4. CENTRAL.— York, Strensall, &c. (W.C.Z.) ; Wetherby (Wat., June, 1877). 5. 9.W.—Haw Park and Horbury (2.4.W.); Mirfield (Z. Howgate); Bradford district, common (/. W. Carter). * Pterostichus vulgaris L. One of the commonest and most general beetles, occurring everywhere under stones, &c. Some interesting remarks referring to the larva of this ora kindred species will be found in the Zoologist for 1853, XL, 3780 (&. H. Meade, Bradford). 1. S.E.—Bridlington (I7.C.Z.). 2. N.E.—Filey ; Guisborough (W.C.4.). 3. N.W.—Leyburn ; Richmond (W.C.Z.). 4. CENTRAL.—York district in profusion (W.C.ZZ); ‘Pontefract (H. Crowther). 5. 9.W.—Wakefield district, very plentiful (2.4.1) ; Sheffield (Z.4.W.); Mirfield (2. Howgate); Bradford district, common (/. W. Carter). Pterostichus nigrita F. Abundant. -. 2, N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B.). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. WV); Settle (/.C.Z.); Leyburn = (W.C.Z.); Blubberhouses (IW. £. Clarke). = 4. CENTRAL.—York district (W.C.£Z.). ——~-_—s«s«.- S. W.— Hebden Bridge (2.2. W.); Bradford district, 4 abundant, and very variable in size (/. W. Carter). Pterostichus anthracinus Ill. Local and scarce. 1, S.E.—Hornsea, at the Mere, July, 1859 (W.K.B.). a 2. N.E.—Scarborough (A.Z.). Pterostichus gracilis Dej. 1. $.E.—Hornsea, at the Mere (W.X.B.). Berostich us minor Gyll. 1. S.E.—Hornsea, at the Mere (W.K.B.). on D 2 (VOL 3) j 18 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 2. N.E.—Scarborough, ten examples, Jan. and Feb., 1859 (W.K.B.). Pterostichus strenuus Panz. Common and general. 1. S.E.—Hornsea (W.K.B.); Brough (Z.2. W.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (7. K.B.); Whitby (2. Crowther). 3. N.W.—Studley (#.4.W.); Rombald’s Moor, com- mon (/. W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—York district generally (W.C. 4.) ; Selby (Z.B.W.); Wetherby (Z.B. W7,). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge, with a black variety (Dawson, Geod. Brit., 1854, p. 111); Bradford district, common (J. W. Carter). | Pterostichus diligens Sturm. Another very common species. 1. S.E.—Hornsea (W.K.B.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.X.B.). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. W.); Rombald’s Moor (/. W.C.). 4. CENTRAL.—York district (W.C.Z.); Pontefract (7. Crowther). Pterostichus oblongopunctatus Germ. This species was recorded for Askham Bryan, in 1830, by Mr. A. Wright (vide Loudon’s Mag., 1831, iv., 165); but the most persevering scrutiny has failed to discover it there during the last fifty years. Pterostichus vitreus Dej. ‘Taken sparingly in Yorkshire’ (Stephens, 1827). 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor, in spring, of regular occur- ance (J. W. Carter). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge (Dawson, Geod. Brit., p. 105). Pterostichus madidus F. It is hardly necessary to give localities for an insect which lurks under nearly every stone, but I do it for uniformity’s sake. I once had a curious proof of its abundance. I had occasion to sink a small glass globe in the soil in my garden at York. Looking into it a few days after, I found quite a pile of these insects at Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1887). Series D. Vol. 3. HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 19 the bottom. They had fallen into the trap during their nocturnal wanderings. 1. S.E.—Bridlington, Brough, and the chalk district generally (WC.., E.B.W., &c.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (&.Z.); Filey, Guisborough, and Cleveland generally (W.C.ZZ). 3. N.W. — Richmond, Leyburn, Barnard Castle (W.C.#.) ; Ingleton, Clapham, Ilkley, &c. (/. W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—Everywhere about York (//.C. £7). 5. S.W.— Wakefield district (2.8.W.); Mirfield (2. Howgate) ; Bradford district, perhaps the most abundant ground beetle (/. W. Carter). Pterostichus zthiops Panz. 3. N.W.—Two at the base of Ingleborough, April 3rd, 1885 (/.W. Carter and Hf. T. Soppitt). Pterostichus striola F. A common species, widely distri- buted over Europe. 1. S.E.—Flamborough Head (W.C.Z.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#.Z.) ; Whitby (Z.2. /,). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4.W.); Richmond (W.C.Z); Barnard Castle( C..); Rombald’s Moor (7. W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—York district (W7.C.Z) ; Wetherby (/Vaz., June, 1877); Milford Junction (Z£.B. W.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield ; Rivelin Valley ; Thorne ; Sheffield (Z.B.W.) ; Bradford district (/. W. Carter). Stomis pumicatus Panz. Plentiful and general. 1. S.E.—Brough (4.2. W,). 2. N.E.—Whitby (ZH. Pollard) ; Scarborough (2.Z.). 3. N.W.—Studley (#.4.W.); Masham (7. Pollard). 4. CENTRAL.— York district (W.C.Z.); Pontefract (2SBaTiA): 5. S.W.—Wakefield ; Hebden Bridge (2.2. W.) ; Brad- ford district (7. W. Carter). Amara fulva DeG. This species is rather local, but is some- times abundant in sandy places. 20 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (WCH and WWE); Horn- sea, in July (W.K.B.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (f#.Z.); Guisborough, among shale (W.C.£Z.). 4. CENTRAL.—York (W.C.Z.); Selby, in the river banks (WC. ZZ). 5. 5.W.—Low Moor, near Bradford, under shale and stones (Dawson, Geod. Brit.). Amara apricaria Payk. Tolerably common and general. 1. S.E.—Bridlington, under seaweed (IVC...) ; Brough (ZB): 2, N.E.—Scarborough, Jan. and Feb., 1859 (W.K.B.) ; Banks of the Tees, abundantly (Z. Rudd). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z.4. 7). 4. CENTRAL.—York district (W.C./Z). 5. S.W.—Wakefield, Wentbridge, &c.,common(£.B. W.); Bradford district (/. W. Carter). Amara consularis Duft. Only one record, viz. : 1. S.E.—Bridlington (WW. f.). Amara spinipes L. This species has only been taken very sparingly. 1. S.E.—Filey (WW). 2. N.E.—Banks of the Tees (Z. Ruda). 4. CENTRAL.—Selby, by sweeping Senecio in Sept. (HAGE): Amara convexiuscula Marsh. Local and apparently con: fined to sandy districts near the coast. 1. S.E.—Bridlington, South Cliffs (7C. 4.) ; Hornsea, sandhills and cliffs (W7.K.B.) ; Spurn (W. Hey). 2. N.&.—Shores of the Tees, abundant, 1828 (Z. Audd). Amara bifrons Gyll. Locally abundant. 1. S.E.—Bridlington, July, 1867, in great plenty (W.C.Z.); Spurn, Sept. 3rd, 1884 (WC. ZZ). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Z.). Trans, Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1887). Series D. Vol. 3 HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 21 Amara rufocincta Dej. Only one record of this species has come to hand. 2. N.E.—Scarborough, in Ayton Quarries, July, 1858, a pair (W.K.B., Zool., 1860). Amara tibialis Payk. Another uncommon species. 2. N.E.—Scarborough, Feb. (W.«K.B.); Tees Bank, 1828 (L. Rudd). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bryam, 1830 (4. Wright). 5. S.W.—One, Baildon, 1886 (/. W. Carter). Amara familiaris Duft. Frequent and general. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (WC...) ; Brough (Z.B. W.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B.). 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor, 1886 (/. W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—York, Strensall (WC. Z.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield district, common (£.8. V.). Amara acuminata Pk. Not uncommon—especially about Bridlington, which is for some reason the undoubted head- quarters of the genus Amara in Yorkshire, if not in England. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (W.C.A.) ; Hornsea (W.K.B.). 4. CENTRAL.—York, in flood refuse (WC. Z.). 5. S.W.—Newton (£. 2. WW,). Amara trivialis Gyll. Perhaps the commonest species of the genus, often met with on lawns and pathways on sunny days. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (W.C.Z.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.&.£.). 4. CENTRAL.—York district (W.C.4Z.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield district (Z.2. W.). Amara communis Panz. I have never met with this species in Yorkshire, nor is it recorded by Bissill, Lawson, Water- house, Fowler, or Rudd. I am, therefore, rather surprised at the following records. 2, N.E.—Whitby (4. Pollard). 22 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 4. CENTRAL.—Wetherby ; Pontefract (JVaturalist, April and May, 1877). 5. S.W.—Wakefield (2.8.W.); Bradford, one, 1882 (J. W. Carter). Amara similata Gyll. Probably commoner than the records indicate. 2. N.E.—‘ North Riding’ (2.4. W.). 4. CENTRAL.—York district (WC. ZZ). 5. S.W.—Wakefield (2.2. W.); Bradford district, 1886 (J. W. Carter). ; Amara plebeia Gyll. The same remark applies also to this species. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (WK. B.). 4. CENTRAL.—Strensall; Selby (W.C.ZZ). 5. 5S. W.—Bradford district, common (/. W. Carter). LICININA. Licinus depressus Payk. Two old records of the capture of this species are the only ones I know of, viz. : 1. S.E.—Hull, taken by Mr. Watson, as appears by Mr. Marsham’s MSS., in 1807, vide Stephens’ Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins., 1829, p. xvill. of introduction. 5. S.W. — Halifax, ‘common’ (47S. R. Leyland (?) 1822). Badister bipustulatus F. Common and general. 1. S.E.—Brough (4.2. WV). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#.Z.); Whitby (4 Crowther). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z.4.W.); Ilkley (Z.B. W,). 4. CENTRAL.—York, Selby, Pilmoor (W.C.£.). 5, S.W.—Wakefield district (Z.B. W.). Badister sodalis Duft. 2. N.W.—Studley, in moss by the side of a little hill-side stream, June (Z.A. W.). Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1887). Series D. Vol. 3. HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 23 PLATYNINA. Sphodrus leucophthalmus L. Rare; I only know of two or three occurrences of the insect in Yorkshire. 2. N.E.—Scarborough, one specimen in a workshop (RIE). 5. S.W.—Halifax, one specimen, taken in a house in January (R. Leyland (?) 1822); Huddersfield, 1884 (S. Z. Mosley). Pristonychus terricola Dej. Also uncommon. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.£.). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W.). 5. S.W.—Frequent in cellars in Bradford Borough (J. W. Carter). Calathus cisteloides Ill. A most abundant species. 1. S.E. — Bridlington, Speeton (W.C.Z); Brough (Z.B.W,). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#.Z. and W.K.B.); Redcar (W.C.£Z.). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W.); Rombald’s Moor (7, W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—One of the commonest insects in the York district (W.C.H.) ; Selby (WC.ZZ.). 5. 5.W.—Wakefield, abundant (#£.8.W.); Bradford (Rk. H. Meade). Calathus flavipes Fourc. Very local. 1. S.E.—Hornsea, June (W.K.£.). 2. N.E.—Shores of the Tees, abundant (Z. Rudd). 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor, veryabundant(/. W. Carter). Calathus mollis F. 1. S.E.—Hornsea, abundant on the sand hills and cliffs, July, 1859 (W.K.B.) ; Spurn, Sept. (W.C.Z.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#.Z.); Redcar (Baker Hudson). Calathus melanocephalus L. Very common and general. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (W.C.Z.). 24 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#.Z. and W.K.B.); Redcar (W.C.£Z.). 3. N.W. — Leyburn (WC); Studley (4.4.W.); Richmond (W7.C..); Clapham, Ingleton (J. W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—York district, in profusion (W.C.£Z,). 5. S.W.—Leeds (W.D.R.) ; Wakefield (Z.B. W.) ; Brad- ford district, common (/. W. Carter). Calathus melanocephalus var. nubigena Hal. 3. N.W.—Ingleborough, 1884 and 1886 (f. W. Carter). Calathus piceus Marsh. Locally abundant. 2. N.E.—Found in great profusion near Castle Howard (Wm. Spence, Feb. 1810) ; Helmsley, June, 1858 (W_K.B.). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W). 4. CENTRAL.—York (A. and JZ Solomon). 5. S.W.—Saltaire (J. W. Carter). Taphria nivalis Marsh. 1. S.E.—Hornsea Mere, July, 1859 (WK.B.). 2, N.E.—Helmsley, July, 1858 (W.K.B.). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bryan, March, 1830 (4. Wright, vide Loudon’s Mag. N. H., 1831). Anchomenus junceus Scop. Plentiful and general during almost the whole year. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B.). 3. N.W.—Studley (£.4.W.); Richmond; Leyburn . (W.C.£Z.). 4. CENTRAL.—York district, plentiful (W7.C.ZZ.) ; Selby (W.C.£.). 5. S.W.—Halifax (.S. Gzbson) ; Walton, Hebden Bridge, Askern, Rivelin Valley (2.2. W.) ; Bradford district, com- mon (/. W. Carter). Anchomenus dorsalis Mill. (—prasinus Thun.). A very common species. It is gregarious ; I have sometimes met with as many as a dozen under a single stone. A dwarf variety is recorded from Glaisdale by Mr. H. Crowther (vide WVaz., Jan., 1879). Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub, 1887). Series D. Vol. 3. HEY * LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 25 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.A.B. and &.L.); Glaisdale (ZZ. Crowther) ; Guisborough (WC. Z.). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W.); Pannal (W.D.R.); Clap- ham (/. W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—York,common; Strensall, Selby (1 C.Z.) Pontefract (HW. Crowther); Wetherby (Z.2.W,). 5. 9.W.—Wakefield, Doncaster, Hebden Bridge, Rivelin Valley, &c. (#.8.W.); Mirfield (#. Howgate); Bradford district, abundant (7. W. Carter). . Anchomenus albipes F. Found in profusion by the banks of rivers, &c., both in spring and autumn. 1. S.E.—Brough (£.4. WV). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.&., &c.) ; Guisborough (W.C.£7.); Robin Hood’s Bay (4. Crowther); Sleights, Danby, Castleton (4. Pollard). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W.); Leyburn and Richmond (W.C.#Z.); Masham (4 Pollard) ; Clapham and Ingleton (J. W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—York, Selby, Cattal, and Boroughbridge (W. C£Z,). 5. S.W.—Mirfield (Z. Howgate); Wakefield; Wharncliffe (Z.B.W.) ; Bradford district, abundant (7. W. Carter). Anchomenus oblongus F. More records would be satis- factory. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bryan, 1830 (4. Wright, vide Loudon’s Magazine, 1831). 5. S.W.—Chevet Lane, near Wakefield (2.2. WW). Anchomenus marginatus L. There is only one record of the capture of this well-marked species in Yorkshire, viz. : 2. N.E.—Scarborough, Jan., 1839, ‘taken in the im- mediate neighbourhood’ (W.A.&.). Anchomenus sexpunctatus L. It is difficult to say whether the following paragraph establishes the occurrence of this species near York or not: ‘ York has several active collectors, from whom I procured some valuable species 26 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. taken during the preceding season, including Agonum sexpunctatum. (A. H. Davis, Ent. Notes for 1831, Loudon’s Mag., 1832). Anchomenus ericeti Pz. Dawson, in his Geodephaga Britannica, gives Hebden Bridge and Luddenden Foot as localities for this species. Anchomenus parumpunctatus F. Common and general. 1. S.E.—Bridlington, May (W.C.Z.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B.); Scalby (W.C.ZZ.) ; Filey (W.C.£Z). 3. N.W.—llkley (Z.B.W.) ; Studley (Z.A4. W). 4. CENTRAL. — York district, abundant (W.C.ZZ); Selby (W.C.H); Pontefract (Z.B. W.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield (Z.4. WV.) ; Bradford district, com- mon (/. W. Carter). Anchomenus gracilipes Duft. Mr. Bissill took an insect at Hornsea, at the base of the cliff, under some dead thistles, which is believed to have belonged to this species. It was unfortunately lost in the post. (Vide £xz¢. Ann., 1860, pp. 96 —98, also Zoologist for 1859, xvii., 6698). Anchomenus viduus Pz. var. mcestus Duft. It is doubt- ful whether the species occurs in Yorkshire. The variety is not scarce. 1. S.E.—Hornsea Mere, July, 1859 (W.K.B.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough, Jan. and Feb., 1859 (W.K.B.). 4. CENTRAL.—York and Selby (WC. ZZ). Anchomenus micans Nic. Local; sometimes plentiful. 2. N.E.—Scarborough, March and July (WK. B.). 3. N.W.—Leyburn, in abundance under dead leaves in a wet wood in May (W.C.ZZ.). 4. CENTRAL.—York, not rare (W.C.£Z,). Anchomenus piceus L. 1. S.E.—Hornsea Mere, July, 1859, abundant (W.X.B.). Anchomenus gracilis Gyll. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W XK. Bisszll, who writes, ‘1 Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1887). Series D. Vol. 3, HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 27 have taken several specimens of this insect in company with A. pelidnus, under bark of prostrate fir trees in Rain- cliff Wood ’). Anchomenus fuliginosus Pz. Not uncommon. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B. and &#.Z.). 3. N.W.—Studley (#.4.W,). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham, Jan. and Nov. (W. Hey and A. Wright). 5. S.W.—Sandal Castle Hill, near Wakefield (2.2. W.); Bradford district (7. W. Carter). Anchomenus puellus Dej. Very local. 2. S.E.—Hornsea Mere, sixty specimens, July, 1859 (W.K.B.). 3. N.E.—Scarborough, Raincliff Wood, under the bark of prostrate firs, in company with A. gracilis (W.K.B.). Anchomenus thoreyi Dj. 4. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W.). Olisthopus rotundatus Payk. We have never met with this species in the York district, thoroughly as it has been searched, but it seems well distributed both east and west of it. 2. N.E.—Robin Hood’s Bay, Sep. (Henzry Crowther) ; Filey (W.W.F). 3. N.W.—Studley (#.4.W.); Rombald’s Moor, com- mon (/. W. Carter). 5. S.W. — Wakefield district and Hebden Bridge (Z.B.W.); Midgley Moor, Halifax, common, 1828 (S. Gibson in Steph. Til.) ; Bradford district, one (/. W. Carter). LEBIINA. Lebia cyanocephala L. This species has been taken at any rate on the borders of the county, ‘near Darlington,’ rather plentifully, in March,, 1828 (7, O. Backhouse, vide Steph. Nez, SND. ZO). THOS, Noy 105/47) Lebia chlorocephala Hoff. Well distributed, but not common. 28 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 1. S.E.—Brough (Z4.2. W.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B. and #.L.); Skelton (Z.B. W.). 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W.). 4. CENTRAL.—York (W.C.Z). 5. S.W.—Walton (Z.2. V,). Demetrias monostigma Leach. 5. S.W.—Castleford and Walton (Z.2. WV). Demetrias atricapillus L. Tolerably plentiful. 1. S.E.—Brough (4.8. W). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#.Z.). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z.4. W,). 4. CENTRAL. — York district (I~C.Z.); Pontefract (Z.B. W.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield district (2.8. W.). Dromius linearis Ol. General and moderately common. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.A.B. and #.L.); Filey 3. N.W.—Studley (Z.A. 7). 4. CENTRAL.—York, Selby (W.C.ZZ). 5. §.W.—St. Swithin’s Wood and Walton near Wakefield (Z.B. W.). Dromius meridionalis Dj. Only once recorded. 3. N.W.—Studley (Z£.4. W). Dromius agilis F. Also scarce. 2, N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B.). 3. N.W.—Ilkley (2.2. W.). Dromius quadrimaculatus L. Our commonest species of the genus. I have often beaten it out of beech trees, and Mr. Waterhouse states that it is very abundant in Yorkshire under the loose bark. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.&.£.). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z.4. W.); Ilkley (2.8. W.). 4. CENTRAL.— York, Strensall (7C.Z.). 5. S.W.—Saltaire (7. W. Carter). Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1887). Series D. Vol. 3, HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 29 Dromius quadrinotatus Pz. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (£2. 4. W.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B.) ; Skelton (Z.2. W,). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z.4. WV.). 4. CENTRAL.—Langton Wood, 1827, spring (vide Szeph. Hi, \une wats) 13274 13) 22) 9erAskham »Bryan, 1830 (A: Wright). Dromius nigriventris Thoms. 2. N.E.—Scarborough, South Chiff (W. Hey). Whitby Sand-banks, Sep., 1845 (Z: /. Bold, Zool., 1846). Query: Can Whitby be a misprint for Whitley in Northumberland ? Dromius sigma Ross. Local and scarce. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Z.). 4. CENTRAL..—Askham Bryan, 1830 (4. Wright). Dromius melanocephalus Dej. Plentiful and probably general. 3. N.W.—Studley (2.4. W,). 4. CENTRAL.—Strensall, Clifton (IWC.4.); Askham (A. Wright). 5. 5.W.—Wakefield district (2.2. W.). Lionychus quadrillum Duft. 2. N.E.—Raincliff Wood, near Scarborough, at roots of ash (£#.Z.). Cymindis vaporariorum L. Very local and scarce. 2. N.E.—Shores of Tees, April, 1828, six specimens (L. Rudda). 5. 5.W.—Midgley Moor, near Halifax, 1829 (S. Gibson ; vide Steph. 1l., Feb., 1835, and Entomol. Notes for 1831 in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H., 1832). Broscus cephalotes L. An abundant species on the coast. It has been taken also in sandy places at a distance from the sea, though very occasionally ; but it is most difficult to assent to the locality of ‘Askham Bog,’ given for it in Loudon’s Mag. N. 7., 1831. 30 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 1. S.E.—Spurn, in great quantities in Sep., 1884 (W.C.H.); Hornsea(W.K.B.); Bridlington (W.C.£Z); Hull (A. H. Haworth). 2. N.E.—Saltburn and Skelton (£.4.W.); Redcar (W.C.#.) ; Scarborough (£.Z.). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (!) (4. Wright). Miscodera arctica Payk. Local and scarce. 2. N.E.—Commondale Moor, near Guisborough (?) (Z.B.W.); Eastern Moors (S. Gibson, Steph. il., Feb., 28, 1835). 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor, extremely scarce and local. Four in 1884 and one in 1886 (J. W. Carter). 5. S.W.—Halifax district, taken under small stones em- bedded in mounds of sand and moss on Coldedge, by the Neva, Boa Reade: (Cu777s) be 710, toot mallee 46) Midgley Moor, 1839 (.S. Gzdson). CHLANIINA. Chleenius vestitus Payk. This handsome insect only turns up very occasionally, and its distribution seems curiously vague. 3. N.W.—Studley (4.4. W.). 4. CENTRAL.—Clifton Scope, York, 1842, in March (W. ffey).. Looked for in vain in after years. 5. S.W. —Wentbridge (Z. 2B. WV). Chleenius nigricornis Fab. More frequent than the former species, especially near York, but far from common. 1. S.E.—Hornsea Mere, August, 1859 (W.K.B.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2#.Z.). : 4. CENTRAL.—Askham, 1830 (4. Wright); Fulford Ings, a pair, Nov., 1880 (Jno. Smedley) ; Strensall Common, on many occasions (WV. ey). Chleenius holosericeus Fab. One of the species which has made Hornsea famous among Coleopterists. It was taken here early in this century, and Dawson says ‘three Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1887). Series D. Vol. 3, HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 31 examples were taken there more recently [than 1826] by Mr. Grimston, during a flood.’ (Geod. Brit., 1854, p. 66). 1. S.E.—Hornsea (1/7. Grimsion). Oodes helopioides Fab. This species appears to be confined to two localities in Yorkshire, and is only too likely to be- come extinct. 1. S.E.—Hornsea Mere, ten specimens, in 1856 (WEK.B.). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, taken occasionally in wet moss by the pond sides, but I think less and less frequently (We@ske): HARPALINA. Harpalus rupicola Sturm. The records for the genus Hlarpalus are very meagre. Perhaps confusion of nomen- clature and difficulty of identification has something to do with this. 1. S.E.—Brough (4.8. WV). Harpalus puncticollis Payk. 2. N.E.—Filey, Aug. 1878 (WW), on blossoms of knapweed in seed, feeding like Zabrus. Harpalus rufibarbis F. This is a frequent species at York at the bottom of haystacks, and in the flood-refuse of the Ouse. The specimens have been named by the Rev. W. W. Fowler. 4. CENTRAL.—York (W.C.Z.). Harpalus ruficornis F. Very common in some localities, less so about York. 1. S.E.—Flamborough Head, in abundance (W.C.Z.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Z.).; Redcar (Baker Hudson). 3. N.W.—Studley (#.A. WW). 4. CENTRAL.—Copmanthorpe, Strensall, Selby, Borough- bridge (WC.ZZ.). 5. 5.W.—Wakefield (2.4. W.); Mirfield (Z. Howgate) ; Bradford district, common (/. W. Carter). 32 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Harpalus proteus Payk. Common and general. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.K.B.) ; Redcar (B. Hudson). 3. N.W.—Richmond (W.C.H.); Studley (#.4.W.); Rombald’s Moor (/, W. Carter). 4. CENTRAL.—York, particularly abundant in some old gravel pits (W.C.Z.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield (2.2. W.) ; Bradford district (/- W. Carter). Harpalus rubripes Duft. 2. N.E.—Whitby (4. Pollard, Nat., Sep., 1879). Harpalus latus L. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (£.Z.). 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor, 1885 and 1886 (/. W. Carter). 5. S.W.—Saltaire (J. W. Carter). Harpalus calceatus Sturm. This insect was captured at Bridlington by the Rev. W. W. Fowler, in August, 1879. A single specimen only, and, so far, the second taken in Britain. It was at first taken to be Harpalus tenebrosus De}. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (W.W.£F.). Harpalus neglectus Dej. 5. S.W.—Near Saltaire, one, 1886 (7. W. Carter). Acupalpus meridianus L. Only taken sparingly. 2. N.E.—Banks of the Tees (Z, Rudd). 3. N.W.—Studley (24.4. W.). 4. CENTRAL.— Fulford Gravel Pits (W. Hey). 5. S.W.—Midgley Moss, near Halifax (.S. Gzbson). Bradycellus placidus Gyll. Locally abundant. 2. N.E.—Tees Banks (Szeph. Man., 1839, p. 50). 3. N.W.—Studley (#.A. WV). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, in wet moss in profusion, Sep., 1882 (W.C..) ; Strensall, May, 1885 (W.C.£Z). Bradycellus cognatus Gyll. Another of the Midgley Moor specialities. It does not seem to have been recorded from any other locality in Yorkshire. Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1887). Series D. Vol. 3. HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA, 33 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor, one, 1886 (/. W. Carter). 4. S.W.—Midgley Moor (Dawson, Geod. Brit., p. 163). Bradycellus verbasci Duft. The most generally distributed species of the genus. t. S.E.—Brough (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (WW. K. Bésszll). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. 4A. Waterhouse). 4. CENTRAL.—York (W.C.£/,). 5. 5.W.—Bradford district, frequent (/. W. Carter). Bradycellus collaris Payk. Inserted here on the authority of Dawson, who gives the ‘high moors’ in Yorkshire as a locality for this species (Geod. Brit., p. 165). Bradycellus harpalinus Dej. 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor, common (/. W. Carter). Bradycelius similis Dej. 2. N.E.—Scarborough, Feb. 1859 (W. K. Busszi/). 3. N.W.—Rombald’s Moor (J. W. Carter). Dichirotrichus pubescens Payk. 1. S.E.—Brough (£. B. Wrigglesworth). 2. N.E.—Tees Banks, 1828 (Z. Rudd). Anisodactylus binotatus F. Probably not so scarce as the paucity of records seems to indicate. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W. K. Bassi). 4. CENTRAL.—York district (W. Hey). HYDRADEPHAGA. 3 ULALIPLIDAL.. Haliplus obliquus F.—Generally distributed, if not exactly abundant. Though sometimes found in stagnant ponds, its more usual habitat is clear running water. 1. S.E.—Brough (Z. B. W.) ; Beverley, June (WC. ZZ). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Lawson); Coatham Marsh (W.C.H.) ; Marton (Z. Rudd). .3. N.W.—Leyburn, in the Ure (W.C./Z.). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (4. Hutchinson) ; Copman- D gs (Glin 35) 34 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION, thorpe (W.C.ZZ.) ; Foston (W. Hey). s. S.W.—Heath and Walton (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Haliplus fulvus F. This is a local species, and not plentiful. 2. N.E.—Marton (Steph., AZan., p. 63). 4. CENTRAL.—Strensall; Selby (W.C.Z.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield district (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Haliplus flavicollis Sturm. Probably more generally distri- buted than the records indicate. 1. S.E.—Beverley, in the R. Hull, June (WC.ZZ). 4. CenTRAL.—Askham Bog (4. Hutchinson). 5. S.W.—Heath Common (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Haliplus cinereus Aubé This species appears to have been only taken in the York district, and very rarely there. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W. Hey). Haliplus fluviatilis Aubé This scarce species has probably only been taken in one Yorkshire locality. 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge, 1835 (Curtis, B. Ent., 1835, alii, Si) Haliplus ruficollis DG. Perhaps the most ubiquitous of the Hydradephaga, found abundantly in ponds in all parts of Yorkshire throughout the year. 1. S.E.—Bridlington (W.C.7Z.); Driffield (W.C.ZZ_). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (W.C.H.); Redcar (W.C.Z.) ; Gormire (WC. 77). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse). 4. CENTRAL.—Throughout the district (W.C.ZZ.). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge (S. Gzbson). Haliplus lineatocollis Marsh. Rather a local species, or perhaps often overlooked. 1. S.E.—Beverley (W.C.H.); Brough (Z. B. Wrigeles- worth ; Bridlington (W.C. ZZ). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse). 4. CENTRAL.—York (S#eph., Man., 1839, p. 63); Selby CHACLZ): Trans.Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1888). Series D. Yol. 3. HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 35 Brychius elevatus Panz. Frequent in clear gravelly streams. 1. S.E.—Beverley, in the R. Hull (W~C.Z). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Lawson). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge Watercourse (.S. Gibson in Loudon’s Mag., 1832); Wakefield district and Mirfield (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). DVILS CLD AE, HYDROPORINA. Hyphydrus ovatus L. This is a very abundant insect in the central and eastern parts of the county, and I am surprised not to have met with a single record of its capture in the South-West. 1. S.E.—Market Weighton (I.C.7Z). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#. Zazwson); Marton, ‘common, the males in the proportion of five to one’ (Z. Rudd in Steph., Lil., June 15th, 1829). 3. N.W.—Studley (2. 4. Waterhouse). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, in profusion, and in other places round York (W.C.Z.). Hydroporus reticulatus F. A local species, abundant where it occurs. 2, N.E.—Scarborough (#2. Lawson). 4. CENTRAL.——Abundant in a pond two miles north of York (W.C. ZZ.) ; River Foss, April (. Hutchinson) ; Selby CHACSEEY.: 5. S.W.-—Wakefield district (2. 4. Wrigglesworth). Hydroporus ineequalis F. Fairly well distributed, and sometimes abundant. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (&. Lawson); Marton, scarce (L. Rudd, Steph., /1., Jane 15th, 1827) ; Gormire (WC. 7). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, very abundant in spring (W.C.H.); Strensall and Selby (W.C.£Z.). 5. 5.W.—Meanwood Valley, near the Seven Arches (ZZ. Hewetson); Wakefield and Castleford (Z.2. W.). 36 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Hydroporus decoratus Gyll. One of the many rarities found in Askham Bog, where it sometimes swarms in the spring. The earliest date at which I have taken it is March oth. In April it is in profusion, but becomes scarcer in May. A second brood usually appears in autumn, and is met with freely about September r2th. This beautiful insect occurs in several of the ponds, but most profusely in a shallow moss-grown swamp, over-grown with /77s and Typha. ‘Though most abundant in spring and autumn, a few specimens may be obtained in almost any month in the year (rather an unusual circumstance in the case of the Fy dradephaga) especially when heavy rains have produced a flooding of the low ground. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, 1834, taken by G. A. Wright, from shallow puddles in the over-flowed part of the bog, July (Curtis, B. Lnt., 1835, xii. 531). N.B.—The remark about its being confined to such parts of the bog is quite groundless. References to its capture at Askham Bog may also be found in Steph., 7/., March 31st, 1835, v. 391 (Rev. J. D. J. Preston); Zool., 1855, xiil. 4857 (Rev. Hamlet Clark); Newman’s Ent., October, 1842, 1. 400 (R. Cook); Zool., 1857, xv. 5411 (Wm. Hey, November 4th, 1856); 2. WZ. W,, June 1872, ix. 12 (A. Hutchinson, April, 1872) ; Avzends’ Nat. H. 7., October 15th, 1880, iv. 117 (W.C.Z.). 5. S.W.—Pontefract, April 2nd, 1877; named by H. Crowther (JVaz¢., 1877, 11. 160). This must surely be wrong. Hydroporus picipes F (=cmpresso-punctatus Schall.). Very local and scarce. 2. N.E.—Coatham Marsh, a single example taken in March 1887 (W.C.Z.). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, a single example taken in 1856 (W. Hey). Hydroporus geminus F. There is only one Yorkshire record for this southern species. Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1888). Series D. Vol. 3- HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 37 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge Watercourse, 1831 (Sam. Gibson ; see Loudon’s Mag. NV. H1., 1832, v. 555). Hydroporus pictus F. This little gem is abundant in ditches and ponds in many localities, especially so round York. 1. S.E.—Beverley (WC...) ; Brough (Z.B.W,). 2, N.E.—Scarborough(&. Lawson); Coatham( W.C. £7.) ; Marton (Z. Ruda). 4. CENTRAL. — York, Haxby, Copmanthorpe, Selby (W.C.£2.). 5. S.W.—Nostell, Royston (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Hydroporus granularis L. Another of the local species found in that portion of Askham Bog known as Chandler’s Whin. ‘Their haunt is some very old brickpits. This species appears as early as March 18th (see £. JZ JZ, May 1868, iv. 283). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W. Hey, Zool., 1857, xv. 7411; also A. Hutchinson, E. M. M., June 1872, ix. 12). Very abundant there in April (WV. C.£Z.). Hydroporus lepidus Ol. A species almost certain to be more widely found, as investigations increase. 1. S.H.—Beverley (W.C./Z.). Hydroporus rivalis Gyll. Appears to be very scarce, accord- ing to my experience. 1. S.E.—Driffield, October, 1887 (W.C.£Z.). 3. N.W.—llkley (2. B. Wriggleswortn). Hydroporus septenirionalis Gyll. Very local. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Lawson). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse, 1879). - ‘Hydroporus davisii Curt. This species was first taken in Britain ‘in a millstream at Hebden Bridge in the spring’ by Mr. A. H. Davis, F.L.S., after whom it was named by Curtis (vide Curtis, Brit. Ent., 1831, vill. 343). It was taken again in the next year (1832) in the same locality by Mr. Sam. Gibson (vide Loudon’s Mag., 1832, p. 555 ; 38 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. vide etiam Szeph., Z/7., March 31st,1835, p. 392, and Curtis, Zool., 1855, Xlll. 4920-4921). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge (Davis and Gibson). Hydroporus latus Steph. Local and scarce 2. N.E.—Marton Lodge, Yorkshire (Z. Rudd; vide Steph., Ill., June 15th, 1829, il. 192). 5. 5.W.—Hebden Bridge, 1831 (.S. Gzbson ; vide Loudon’s Mag. N. F7., 1832, v. 555; and Curtis, Brit. Ent., 1831). Hydroporus duodecimpustulatus Ol. Far from general or abundant. It has never turned up in many of the best investigated districts. 1. S.E.—Driffield, October 1887 (WC. ZZ). 2. N.E.—Scalby (#. Lawson). 3. N.W.—Wetherby (4. Crowther, Nat., June 1877, Hie t7(0)): 5. S.W.—Near Wakefield (2.8. W., 1879). Hydroporus depressus F. Locally abundant. 1. S.E.—Driffield, October 1887 (W.C.ZZ.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (#. Lawson) ; Marton, ‘common’ (LZ. Rudd, 1829); Coatham, September 1882 (W.C.Z). 4. CENTRAL.—River Foss at Strensall, May (W.C.Z.). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge Watercourse, 1831 (S. Gibson, in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H1., 1832, v. 555). Hydroporus assimilis Payk. Plentiful about York, and probably further investigation will prove it to be much more general than at present has been ascertained. 1. S.E.—Beverley, June 1882 (IWv.C.Z.). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Lawson). 4. CENTRAL.—York, September (W.C.Z.) ; Selby, May (W.C.£/Z.). Hydroporus dorsalis F. A somewhat local insect, not uncommon round York. 1. S.E.—Brough (Z£. B. Wrigglesworth). 2. N.E.—Coatham (Baker Hudson). Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1888). Series D. Vol. 3 HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 39 4. CENTRAL.—Ponds north of York (WC.Z.); Ask- ham Bog (W.C.Z.); (vide etiam Z. AZ. AZ, June 1872, ix. 12, and &. 7. AZ, May 1868, iv. 283). 5. S.W.—Wakefield (Z. &. Wrigglesworth). Hydroporus oblongus Steph. ‘This is one of the insects which swell the fame of Askham Bog, where it was first taken by the late Archdeaccn Hey. References to its capture will be found in the Zoo/., 1857, xv. 5411; Eutom. Annual, 1866, p. 48; £. MW. AZ, June 1872, 1x. 12, and May 1868, iv. 283. It is a particularly early insect. I have taken it as early as February 11th. It is never abundant, but I once secured half a dozen specimens at a time. It becomes very scarce after the month of April. Its haunt is a shallow pool thickly moss-grown. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W. Hey, W. C. H., and H1. Hutchinson). Hydroporus memnonius Nic. Rather an uncommon insect. 1. S.E.—Brough (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Lawson). 4. CENTRAL.— Boroughbridge, August 1831, taken by T. C. Thompson (C. C. Babington in Loudon’s Mag. LV. H., 1832, v. 328); many ponds about York (W.C. 7.) ; Askham Bog, 1856 (W. Hey); and 1871 (4. Hutchinson). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge, 1831 (Sam. Gibson, in Loudon’s Mag. N. H., 1832, v. 555);. Wakefield (Z.B. W.). Hydroporus obsoletus Aubé. Scarborough appears to be the only locality recorded for this species. Mr. Lawson (of that town) refers to an abnormal structure in the right antenna of a specimen taken there in April 1872 (vide FE. M. M., May 1872, viii. 288). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2. Lawson and W. Hey). Hydroporus gyllenhalii Schiddte. Very local, and nowhere abundant. 40 _ YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, 1856 (W. Hey, Zool., 1857, xv, 5411, and 4. Hutchinson, EL. M. M., June, 1872, ix., 12); Strensall, March 1885 (W.C.£Z.). 5. 5.W.—With 7. ¢ristis in a small pond or tarn on Midgeley Moor near Hebden Bridge, July, 1852 (Z. V. Wollaston, Zool., 1855, xiii. 4655). Hydroporus rufifrons Duft. Another of the Askham Bog rarities, and almost confined to it in Britain. Notices of its capture will be found in Zool., 1857, xv. 5411, and in E. M. M., May 1868, iv. 283; both written by the late . Archdeacon Hey. Also mentioned in £. JZ JZ, June, 1872 (H. Hutchinson). ‘This species affects shallow grassy pools which only exist during winter, andit sometimesappears in them in immense numbers. In September, 1881, dur- ing the visit of the British Association to York, I took some of the entomological members up to the bog, and they were greatly delighted by finding this scarce insect in great numbers in pools caused by the heavy rains which prevailed at that time. I found it all through that winter, but on March goth, after heavy floods, it appeared in numbers almost incredible. It disappeared in May, and I have never taken it very plentifully since that year. It is gener- ally in company with another scarce beetle, Agabus wligtnosus. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W. Hey, W.C.71., #7). Hydroporus erythrocephalus L. Very abundant in the York district, and probably elsewhere. 2. N.E.—Coatham and Marske (WC. Z.). 4. CENTRAL.—York (W.C./7.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield (Z. 2. Wrigglesworth). Hydroporus lituratus F (=#xanthopus, Steph.). Common in York district. 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse, 1879). 4. CENTRAL.—York (W.C.H.); Askham Bog, 1871 (H. Hutchinson). 5. S.W.—Sandal, near Wakefield (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1888). Series D. Vol. 3. HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. AI Hyproporus planus F. One of the commonest species of the genus, inhabiting ponds in great plenty. - 1. S.E.—Brough (£. B. Wrigglesworth). 2. N.E.—Scarborough (2.2. W.); Marske (W.C.Z.). 3. N.W.—Studley (2. A. Waterhouse). 4. CENTRAL.—Common throughout the York district (CHAGHES): 5. S.W.—Wakefield, Hebden Bridge (4.2. W). Hydroporus melanocephalus Steph. (=#udescens Gy]l.). Another very common species, though records are deficient. 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse, 1879). 4. CENTRAL.— York (W.C./.). Acad 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge Watercourse (Sam: Gibson, February 23, 1832). D3 Hydroporus nigrita F 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge Watercourse, 1831 (S. Gzbson in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H., 1832, V. 555): -Hydroporus melanarius Sturm. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (1. Hutchinson, April 1872, vide Z. MZ. M., June 1872, ix. 12). Hydroporus atriceps Crotch (eae Gyll.). This species is recorded by L. Rudd, from Yorkshire, without a more definite locality (Steph., ///., June 15th,1829, li. 193). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W. Hey, H. Hu ichinson). Hydroporus tristis Payk. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, not common (W. fey, 1856; H. Hutchinson, 1872). 5. S.W.—In a small pond or tarn on Midgeley Moor near Hebden Bridge, July 1852 (Z: V. Wollaston, Zool. 1855, xill. 4655. Hydroporus neglectus Schaum. A very scarce and local species, only recorded in this county from the neighbour- hood of York. In 1872, Archdeacon Hey and Mr. H. Hutchinson took it abundantly in a pond near Strensall Common. It also occurs sparingly at Askham Bog. 42 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 4. CENTRAL.—Strensall Common (WV. Hey and H. Hut- chinson) ; Askham Bog, March 1882 (W.C.£Z). Hydroporus umbrosus Gyll. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, 1856 (J. Hey); and 1871 (HZ. Hutchinson) ; also recorded as taken on March 18th, 1868, in the same locality (WW. Hey, £. AZ. AZ, May 1868, iv. 283); Strensall, 1882 (W.C./Z.). Hydroporus obscurus Sturm. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, 1856 (WV. Hey); and 1871 (1. Hutchinson). Hydroporus vittula Er. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W. Hey and 4.Z., 1871). Hydroporus palustris L. This is unquestionably the com- monest species of the genus in Yorkshire, abounding even in the most temporary puddles, and throughout the year. 1. S.E.—Brough (#.8.W.); Bridlington (W.C.£Z.). . 2. N.E.—Scarborough, Marske, Coatham (W.C.ZZ) ; Gormire (W.C.Z.). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse). 4. CENTRAL.—York (WV. Hey); Strensall, Sheriff Hutton (UAC z6)y 5. S.W.—Wakefield district (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Hydroporus angustatus Sturm. Local, but common near York. 4. CENTRAL.—Strensall (W.C. 7.) ; Askham Bog, 1856 and 1868 (W. Hey); and 1871 (4. Hutchinson). Hydroporus scalesianus Steph. ‘This species was only known as British by a single specimen in Stephens’ cabinet (said to have been taken by Mr. Scales, near Swaffham, in Norfolk) until rediscovered by the late Archdeacon Hey at Askham Bog in the year 1856 (see Zoo/., 1856, xiv. 5178). A single spot in Askham Bog is still the only known British habitat of this species. It frequents the mossy margin of a shallow pond and may be taken in some numbers in the Trans. Y.N.U., 1885 (pub. 1888). Series D. Vol. 3. HEY: LIST OF YORKSHIRE COLEOPTERA. 43 early spring at that particular locality. I have taken it as early as February. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog, 1856 and 1868 (W. Hey) ; also in 1871 and 1880-1886 (W.C./.). Hydroporus lineatus F. Tolerably common and general. 2. N.E.—Marton Lodge (Z. Rudd, Steph.,/il., Jane 15th, 1829, ii. 193); Scarborough (&. Zawsoz). 3. N.W.—Studley (2. 4. Waterhouse). 4. CENTRAL.—York district generally (W.C.£.). 5. S.W.—Hebden Bridge, 1831 (.S. Gzbson) ; Wakefield district, 1879 (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). COLYMBETINA. Noterus clavicornis DG. Askham Bog seems to be the northern limit of this species. It is abundant there even in January. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (4. Wright, Nov. 1830; W. Hey; W.C.Z.). Laccophilus minutus L. Locally abundant. 1. N.E.—Marton, common (Z. Rudd, Steph.,/1l., 1829). 3. N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse, 1879). 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W.C./.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Laccophilus hyalinus DG. (=obscurus Panz.). 1. S.E.—Brough (2. B. Wriggleswortn). 2. N.E.—Normanby in Cleveland, 1879 (4. Pollard, NVat., Sept. 1879) ; Scarborough (#. Lawson). 4. CENTRAL.—R. Foss; ponds north of York (W.C.Z.). 5. S.W.—Wakefield district (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). Colymbetes fuscus L. The largest and commonest of the genus. 1. S.E.—Brough (£. &. Wrigglesworth). . N.E.—Coatham(W.C.4.); Scarborough(&. Lawson.) . N.W.—Studley (Z. A. Waterhouse). . CENTRAL.—York district ; and Doncaster (WC. /.). . S.W.—Wakefield district (Z. B. Wrigglesworth). mm BW N 44 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Colymbetes grapii Gyll. This species has not been found in any Yorkshire locality but Askham Bog. There it is sometimes quite plentiful, especially in a very shallow moss- grown pond, or rather morass. Appears early in March. 4. CENTRAL.—Askham Bog (W. Hey ;see Zool., 1857, xv. 5410, and #. WZ. M7, May 1868). Also taken by & flutchinson and W.C.H. Colymbetes pulverosus Steph. 4. CENTRAL. — Askham Bryan, 1830 (4. Wright, November 25th, 1830, in Lowdon’s Mag., 1831, iv. 165). N.B.—This record has never been confirmed. Colymbetes bistriatus Berg. Local. _ 2. N.E.—Marton, 1839 (Szeph., Man., 1839, p. 72). 4. CENTRAL.—Strensall, July 1883 (WC). ° The record from Askham Bog (£. WZ. dZ.,. June 1872, ix. 12) can hardly be correct. Colymbetes exoletus Forst. Locally abundant. 2. N.E.—Scarborough (&. Lawso7). 4. CENTRAL.—> = = = — Ge Velocit: 3 ;|4 wa Ss Direction : r loci 2 P, a Ee |S22= Grterfalloneur- + 7 ressure, 2 |g 3 a og [-- P= 1 = z ay = #18 E 5 faceat'Town Hall Al. 2: e Relative Proportion/of at B aim. eed ee = 2/23a.| = S ee FeE Fy ced E& Mia. Bin: than oe 325| ¥ ae J = == =, = 4 ve gale seeel o > 8 EBS los 3 \S8 |g ne at 65)ft. above Aowrns: ee2| 2 | pate| AP |atean, Ae | : 3 g | 8 ecseuses| | § | s g3e5|s0/be| & | & |pate) se Bes er amg surtac at Exch cea a ER (Se We | Bllig |e la |e |e % |Date| § | — (DatelSeciezelose) @ | 2 |S seers (881 8 | ¢ SF Soe Saas ———_—Pereen sha) Hi es a2 lz |B )a | Blo lB Ele a |e Pea ssgless| a | 2 | A ekesls a | 3 )82 fee csleees Depth | tage ot [es gs | | 5 5 eis Flees Aa Bs|2 |8 FA | gee -|gE5 in | é ie | pale 1 It Stl a3 Sis S23 = Inches, | fit - — Miles) On | Miles Miles! On (Miles, 1b. per|Ib.per Ib. per On | Ib. per | | a ees sl Deg.| On | Deg, | Deg. | Deg, |No. No.| No.| No.| No. No.| No,| No.|p'rhy. p'r br. per d. per d. 4: ft./sq. ft.\sq ft | sq. ft. |0—10| No.) Ins.) Ins.| On | Ins.| Ins. Ins. Ins. Per cent) Tanuery... 8 | 678 | 31st | 608 | 627 | 487) 3) 1) 2| 3) 5] 6| B| 3 | G4 | 14-0 det | 148)" 992 | 22na| 4610 | 215) 469) 860] We |2%na| 168) 83) 14| 1'72| O99 | Bth| 279) 2909 | o474 | o-985 | 11° February 19 | 793 28th | 721 | 687 | 632) 1) B| 1) 3) 4) 8) 4) 3] B83 | 302) Sia] 185 | 462 | 95th | 6192 | 3:96 | 316 | 16:00) WwSW| 4th | 1160 | 78) 11] 073 | O17) tet | 1-95] 2609 | 9-079 | o-963 | 11-4 March 27 | 772 20th | 83°6 | 63:9) 620) 7/ 3) 1) 6] 0] 1] 7| &| BB | 204] oth] 149) 200] OAH | 4621 | 216] 238) 1150| we |28th| 1200 | 72| 9| 1-73] 088 | 23rd | 218) 2776 | 3260 o-484 | 11-7 April 32 | a3-¢) 4th | 967] 708| 731| 2| 7/ 3) 2| 1] 6| 7| 2| a7 | 196] 6th| 186| 300| ist | 6569 | 3:03] 2-78 |10:00| W_| 1st | 1019 | 66/14] 065| 017 | 29th | 2-08| 2516 | 2835 O19 | 112 16 | 926) 9th 1043] 721 | 809/ 5/10) 2] 2} o| 1| 4| 7) 80 | 152] 20m] 173| 997) orst | 5349 | 1:99] 965) 7-75|/WNW) 20th| 894 | 7-7|16| 1:51| O69 | 20th | 1:80| 2103 | D977 0174 | 108 June... 210 35 (104-0 | 18th 1108] 916 | 878) 2) 6] 4) 3) 4] 2| 4) 5] 69 | 146] th | 181) 231 | 13th | 4525 | 1:25] 1-79) 675/ W | 10th 719 | 68) 4] 009/ O04| 4th | 2:38) 2897 | 3011 | 0474 | 105 1 240 38/1076) Sch 1197] 959] 921/ 4) 7] 2] o| 4] B\ 10) 2] 76 | 129] 13th | 164] 964 | o7th | 4771 | 114] 1:75 | 625| Sw | 28th 6:00 | 68 | 10/ 1:39] 0-43 | 27th | 207! 3-401 | 3641 | o-240 | 10-7 | 140 37/1033) 7th 1195] 891 | 895/ 0) 4/ | 4) 1] 3| 7] 10] 64 | 182] 30th} 131| 261] im | 4084 | 1:26] 1:77| 960| W | 10th 762 | 69/11] 124| o20| 29th | 263 | 3-654 | 3892 | 0.938 | 10-7 635 22 | #7°0| Ist | 993] 761 | 805 / 9/ 8) 9/ 1/ of 10) 4| 3] Be | 170] Gih| 162| 260) dra | 4646 | 1:37 | 298) 495] Sw | 6th! 744 | 7-7 | 19] 3:51| 067) 2nd 2-93| 2804 | 3299 | 0-335 | 11-2 7 20 % | 798) ard 862) oe) 7/11) 2) 0] oO} 0) 4| 2/12) 75 | 142) orth | 155) 206) erm | 5108] 1.72 Dae | BOO) Sw | 27h| YOM | 72|13/ 213/ O81 | stu | 345| 3640 | S012 | o372 | 110 45 | 16th} 1860! 7 | 676| 6th 714) 66:0| 654) 7/ 8| 1| 2] Oo} &| 6] O| 63 | 204] Ist | 134| 331 | 27m | 4026 | 108] 203| 9:60| Sw | 27th 10°88 | 80/19] 205 | o-40| Bth| 281} 3421 | 3.928 | O-407 | 11-2 December 315 | Ist | 1645] 7 | 6b:0) 4th 677) 517] 471] 9| 1| 2] 0] 2] 6] 6] B| 74 | 218] 17th] 180) S64 | 17th | 4967 | 245] 3:61 | 11-00) W | 17th 1406 | 76 | 21] 1.91) O31] 7m | 263] 3681 | 4170 | 0489 | 113 Means, or totals.’ 8 3 120.68| 26 | ee! | | 6891 706/ 6971631 68/99! o6| 21167 ala! 74 | 180 ane | sna ‘57644 | 195 | 259 a7 [amor | 73. 160 | 18:66! 0-41 "oon! 36-741 [s9601 31860 | 11°08 om of Comp, Zecloay “ocr 11 1945 ) 3 oAmr METEOROLOGY OF BRADFORD FOR 1887. SmeerT 2, LipRARY— Yeranty Maxnrom anp Mrynrum ArmosPHERIC Pressure, TEMPERATURE, Huupity, Bricur SuNsHINE, Winp Pressure, AND RAINFALL. = Puxssune. 2 TEMPERATURE. Homipiry. 7 = : Rais. = 1 " 7a j TANCE : : == = : Tn Shade. Tang AGIA ISU | Supe Complete Saturation’ —1100))/ | src oan ace Wrsp Pressure, Pele] Grerfalton artes, Brow. Highest. Lowest. Highest. | __—sLowest. _| Frost of Seasons. i Lowest. |, g rae [eee Ben.thanatésitt| 2’ Pano eane Year. | a ~ Ieee — SEge) seen ——e a oo gz Total | #38 Total BES 3 ablvesurf.atExc! ae Snow of Seasons. “| I BS a Date of | Date of |.53 =: Date. of Ga or Fess >, Percen-- 22 | Date. \S223| Date. SEES Date. SEE # ey ary || Sere || coe ES Date. | 2A5 year, | 235 year AaGe Depth |to at] $2 Dute of | Date of s5 Er \E= 25 S255 gee] Frost. | Frost. [3a og BAA 20 2\ im, |talat | 2S ant || eae fs H Fs id Jess) #Es iz “RS : 4 SZ Es Inches. pron'gel Se Snow. Snow. ns. i | Deg: | % D hr. min hy. min. Ins. | Ins. Ins. Ss) 169 | 30290 | Dec, 6 | 98500 Feb. 1| 85: | Aug. 30| 198 127° Sep. 24 cs sot |] urs el rea eee | 7870 | 30284 | Jon. 19| 28308 | Jan. 8 | 85°0 | July 25] 166 12) July 14 | : 30°152 | Mar. 28 | 28308 Jon. 16 | 840 | Aug. 12| 67 121 Nov. 2 | i f 86:4 | July 23} 94:8 124" Sep. 23 | 88'8 | July 23) 19:2 12 Mar. 26 80:9 | July 20) 150 | 126: May 18 | | 80:0 | Aug. 17] 13:0 129" July | | p 876 | July 17| 23-0 12 May | | f ‘ 80:0 | June 19} 90:0 11 May 23 ‘ \ 896 | July 19) 13:9 ant Aug. 9 p : 744 | July 30} 13:2 101" Dec, 12 | | 7880 | 30332 | Jan. 7 | 28°154 | Nov. 16 | 813 | Sep. 20'8 112" May 30° | 1881 | 30° . 14] 63:3 | July 6| 120 "1 May 31 H 1882 | 1} 77-4 | Aug. 12] 18:6 108" May 18 | | 1883 2| 762 | July 3] 198 107" April 9 1884 27 | 844 | Aug. 12} 265 10; May 22 1885 11] 822 | July 27) 994 113'6 June 4 ; i | 1888 : 8/ 795 | July 3] 174 1088 9 May 4/11 45 851 48 1887 |_30° 28'328 —3| 828 | duly 9) 11 | 107°6 | July 91100 April21| 35 July 9/12 40 1120 58 Means! 30 347 > _128:291 a26 | 181 ee Ae ars 39 Pali 2 12! 986 23 | 22 EXPLANATION. The sunshine is recorded in hours and .minutes by glass sphere on cards fixed of 1876 to the end of 1882, a period of seven years, when the surface gauges were ‘The observations are made at nine a.m,, and, with the exception of maximum and minimum thermometer readings, again at three p.m. The highest and lowest barometricreadings for each month, also the monthly range, are given as recorded ; while the mean pressure is deduced from bi-daily observations corrected for index error, capillarity, temperature, and diurnul range, ‘To correct for altitude or reduce to sea level (the air temperature being 48 degrees and barometer 30 inches at sea level), add 401 inch to the heights given. ‘A remarkable instance of barometric depression occurred on the 8th December. 1866, when at 8.40 p.m. the mercury of the Exchange barometer had fallen to 27°46 inches only—the lowest reading on record here. ‘The cyclone indicated by this depres- sion was the cause of great loss of life and property, extending oyer an unusually large district. All thermometric observations and deductions are given in degrees Fahrenheit, The adopted mean temperature of air is deduced from the dry bulb and the maximum and minimum readings; the temperature of evaporation from the dry and wet bulb and the maximum and minimum readings. The dew point, elastic force of vapour, humidity, &c., are deduced from bi-daily readings of the dry and wet bulb hygrometer, by Glaisher’s Hygrometrical Tables, sixth edition, on Professor Stokes! zodiucal frame. | ‘The solar thermometer has a black bulb enclosed in a vacuum. The direction, velocity, and pressure of wind are recorded as indicated by anemometers fixed 10) feet above the ridge of roof of Exchange. ‘Ihe yelocity per hour at 9a.m. is determined from anemometer readings made one minute and a half before and a like period after that hour, by multiplying the difference thereof by 20. The pressure is given in pounds avoirdupois per square foot. The amount of cloud is estimated by a scale ranging from 0 to 10. ‘The rain gauge is fixed upon the top of central roof of the Exchange, at an elevation of 65} feet ubove the surface of the ground and 395 feet above mean sea level. As rain gauges on the summit of buildings are generally found to collect less rain than when placed upon the surface of open ground adjacent thereto, steps were | tuken in 1875 to determine to what extent this was the case with the Exchange | rain gauge, when two additional gauges were provided and fixed upon the surface of adjacent open spaces, one near to the Town Hall, the other near to the Midland Railway Station, between which the Exchange gauge is situate about midway, and | the surface of ground about the same height. At both of these gauges, as well | as at the Exchange gauge, daily observations were made from the commencement removed in consequence of the ground they occupied being no longer available for the purpose. The particulars of these gaugings are set forth in tables. The results show that the mean yearly rainfall on the surface of ground for the seven years ending with 1882 is 3°86 inches, or 11°08 per cent., greater than at the summit of the Exchange. The mean y:arly rainfall recorded at the Exchange for the eighteen years ending with 1887 is 30°872 inches. By adding 11°08 per cent. thereto the mean normal rainfall of central Bradford for such period is found to be 34-292 inches per annum. There are gocd grounds for concluding that the smaller amount of rain- fall collected on the Exchange—and on buildings generally—than on the surface of | ground is due to the varying direction and force of wind there producing different | currents and eddies, which prevent due precipitation on the top or ridge of roof where the gauge is fixed. ‘Ihe rainfall of 1869 was collected by a gauge placed on the ridge of outer roof of Exchange, near to the north-west corner thereof. This position not being deemed quite satisfactory, the gauge was removed at the end of that year to the ridge of central roof—the place it has since occupied. To avoid risk of inaceu- rate results, the rainfall of 1869 is omitted from these returns. ‘The instruments with which the observations are made have been verified by comparison with the standards at Kew Observatory. Borkshire Naturalists’ Enioy, President : REV. W. H. DALLINGER, LL.D., F.R.S., Pres.R.M.S., Sheffield. Secretaries : WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., Sunny Bank, Leeds. WM. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., Headingley, Leeds. THER SIXTY-FIRST MEETING WILL BE HELD AT hers Ar ola, IN, For the Investigation of the Neighbourhood of Campsall, Barnsdale, Shirley Pool, Owston, Burghwallis, Norton, Askern, etc., Ome TWIBUG IRSIOVAL I, CAL ois, aes!) Raiiway Arrangements. Through return tickets at pleasure party rates (single fare or fare-and-quarter for double journey) will be issued at all Yorkshire stations on the G.N., H.&B., L.&Y., L.&N.W., M.S.&L., Midland, and N.E. Railways, which have booking arrangements for Askern (L.&Y.), Moss (N.E.), or Kirk Smeaton (H.&B. line), to Members and Associates of the Y.N.U., producing their signed card of member- ship. Moss station is one mile E. of Askern, Kirk Smeaton station two miles N. Members and Associates starting from stations which have not through book- ing arrangements, should book to the most convenient junction, and re-book to Askern, Moss, or Kirk Smeaton, at the reduced fare for both portions of the journey. Members in other counties wishing to attend should inform the secretaries thereof, in order that railway facilities may be obtained for them. Routes. Permission to visit their estates is granted by Messrs. F. Bacon Frank, of Campsall Hall; G. B. C. Yarborough, Campsmount ; Captain Anne, Burghwallis Hall; P. S. Neville, Shelbrook Park ; and P. Davies Cooke, Owston Hall. Two parties are arranged to leave Askern Station at 10 a.m., viz :— ft. To Campsall Woods and Barnsdale. II. To Shirley Pool, Owston Woods, etc., in charge of the Rev. F. H. Allen. Books and Maps. The country for investigation is in Sheets 87 N.E. and 87S.E., t-inch Ordnance Map (hoth can be had geologically coloured). | Lankester’s ‘Account of Askern and its Mineral Springs’ (1842), contains a sketch of its geology (pp. 34— 50, with coloured map), botany (pp. 50—57). and zoology (pp. 54—72). It is sur- prising to find that. but little has been since done at so popular a resort, and Lankester’s work is made the basis of this circular. | What later information there appears to be at pp. 212, 220, 374 of Davis and Lees’ ‘ West Yorkshire.’ Geology. Mr. J. W.. Davis, F.S.A., etc., states as follows :—Askern is situated at the eastern extremity of the Upper Magnesian Limestone. At the railway station, and for a short distance towards the town, the limestone is hidden beneath alluvial deposits of laminated clays and warps. Beyond the town the ground rises con- siderably towards Campsall. The Upper Magnesian Limestone extends about 1} Circ. No, 61. miles to the western extremity of Campsall; it rests upon the Middle Red Marls exposed on Campsall Common and round Campsall Mount ; these are superimposed on the Lower Magnesian Limestone which occupies the surface beneath Barnsdale. The Lower Limestone is exposed in several quarries, often near the roadside. It varies considerably in its character from a flaggy limestone, with thin beds of coloured marls, to thick irregular beds of yellow limestone, which are soft as a rule, but are occasionally hard and crystalline. A number of fossil mollusca have been found in the quarries further south, but in this neighbourhood fossils are either absent or have not been recorded. The Middle Marls are not often exposed except in water courses, but their presence is generally indicated, when not too thickly covered with drift, by the red and wet soil and the springs thrown out at their junction with the limestone above. They consist of red and variously coloured marls, with occasional sandstones and beds of gypsum. The Upper Limestone may be seen in a quarry half-a-mile north of Askern ; it is thinly bedded, hard, flaggy, and of a grey or yellowish colour. It is fossiliferous, containing Ax7us dubius Sch. and ALyallina hausmannii Goldf. Near Askern to the S.W. a large section is exposed of Estuarine beds. The boulders forming these have probably been derived from glacial clays during a submergence of the land. The beds exposed are about sixty feet thick. At the base is a bed of sandy clay, above this a bed of nearly pure sand, and then a con- siderable thickness of more or less rounded gravel, mainly derived from the rocks in the neighbourhood. The mass is current bedded, and sand, pebbles, and larger boulders are intermingled without any arrangement. The flat lands of Askern Common are to a large extent marshy and contain numerous peat-beds, full of stumps of trees amongst which have been found antlers of red deer ; remains of lacustrine origin are plentiful. In the fields a little east- ward of the town the ground two or three inches below the surface is composed of the mud of an old Jake, which contains innumerable shells of land and freshwater mollusca of the genera Limnza, Planorbis, Bythinia, Valvata, Zua, Helix, etc. Botany. It will be of interest to cite the plants mentioned by Dr. Lankester in his 1842 list, with the view of confirming or correcting his observations. We therefore arrange his records by routes, marking by * those species mentioned by Lees at p- 374 of ‘ West Yorkshire.’ Route I.—At Campsall—Cerastiam arvense, Cinanthe pimpinelloides (these two at Askern also), Ribes rubrum, Pastinaca sativa, Lonicera caprifolium, Fedia dentata, and *Carex stricta; in Campsall Park—* Saxifraga tiidactylites, Papaver somniferum, Hesperis matronalis, Silene noctiflora, Medicago sativa, * Astragalus glycyphyllos, * Viburnum lantana, Lactuca virosa, Chlora perfoliata, Salix olerfolia, Muscart racemosum, and Brachypodium pinnatum ; 11 Campsall Lane—Lolium arvense ; in Campsall Fish-pond—Sa/ix aguatica ; in Campsall Woods—* Khammnus catharticus, * Lysimachia valgaris, and Salix cinerea ; in Campsall Ditches—Lemna eibba and L. polyrrhiza; Cornfields near Campsall—*Bupleurum rotundifolium and *Linaria elatine ; on the roots of beeches in Camps Mount and Campsall Parks—* Monotropa hypopitys; in Camps Mount Park—*Geranium pyrenaicum (rare), *Bromus erectus and B. racemosus ; in woods near Camps Mount—Azdes alpinum ; and on the road from Askern to Barnsdale—Calamintha nepeta. Route II.—At Shirley Pool—*7pha angustifolia and Ranunculus lingua (rare); in Sutton field—Calamintha officinalis ; in Woods near Sutton Common— Thalictrum minus; between Sutton and Askern—Onobrychis sativa and Silaus pratensis ; Meadows between Sutton and Campsall—*Ophrys apifera and *Col- chicum autumnale. Askern, etc.—Askern Pool— Utricularia minor and great profusion of Chara hispida; Askern—Sanguisorba officinalis (abundant), Zriophorum angustifolium, and Orchis pyramidalis; Askern Bogs—* Parnassia palustris and Anagallis tenella (both rare); Meadows near Askern—2hinanthus major; Askern Janes— Hyoscyamus niger; between Askern and Moss—Gadleopsis versicolor and Viola lactea; Ditches near Norton—Aelosciadium repens ; Norton Common—* Pinguzcula vulearis ; Norton—Avena fatua ; River Went—Sagitiaria sagittifolia ; abundant in hedgerows —*Bryonta dioica ; roadsides, abundant — Dépsacus fullonum ; abundant—*.Sisoz amomum, “Viscum album, Campanula glomerata, Galeopsis ladanum, Acinos vulgaris, Prim. elatior, * Hottonia palustris, and Tamus commumnts. FERNS.—Very scarce; Polypodium vulgare, Aspidium filix-mas, Asplentum trichomanes, A. ruta-muraria, & Scolopendrium vulgare are all Lankester observed. Circ. No. 61, FUNGI.—feziza coccinea, abundant in Owston Woods ; Truffles, exceedingly plentiful ; the Giant Puffball, known to attain three feet in circumference in Camp- sall Park; Phallus impudicus, very abundant in many woods.—Lankester, 1842. Entomology. Lepidoptera.—In 1842 Lankester stated that the Silver-spot, Pearl-border, Silver-stripe, and other Fritillaries are seen in the plantations around Sutton Com- mon; the Peacock, Painted Lady, Red Admiral, and Large Tortoiseshell, in Campsall Park; the Azure Blue and the Common Blue on the Mount and in the fields leading to Sutton; and the Ringlet, Orange Tip, Brimstone, etc., were abundant throughout the neighbourhood. Mr. Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S., adds :—For so popular a resort as Askern it is surprising how little is known of its natural history. It is believed to be very rich entomologically, though the belief doubtless arises from its resemblance and proximity to Doncaster, a district which has been well worked with marked results. The date of the excursion is too early for many lepidoptera to be found, but the Doncaster list, as given in the ‘ Yorkshire List,’ may be taken as a basis of what may be expected to occur at Askern. Species already recorded for the district in- clude Swmerinthus ocellatus, Cossus ligniperda, Eriogaster lanestris, etc. Coleoptera.—Dyticus marginalis in great numbers ; the Glow-worm scarce, but has been taken near Stapleton; Burying-beetles common, especially on the bogs ; the very rare Diaferzs enea once taken by H. Denny from the trunk of an old tree near the pool; Scolytus destructor attacks all felled timber. —LANKESTER. Other Insects.—WWefa cinerea very common; Aphis-galls or monstrosities noted on Smooth Tare, Speedwells, and Ground-Ivy ; an acre or two of ground at the west end of Sutton Common, near the village, entirely covered with Ant-hills one to two feet high, and two to four in circumference ; Vespa britannica nests commonly.—LANKESTER, 1842. Micro-Zoology and Botany. It is fortunate that the first meeting after the formation of the new Section, ‘G— Micro-Zoology and Botany,’ should be in a district so well suited to its researches. The ditches and ponds abound with Algz; the Pool, a rich depository, presents a constant succession of them with the changing seasons; /rzstzlia olivacea, Zygnema, Ulva bullosa, or bladder-laver, floating about in summer like green jelly, and two or three species of Conferve, are mentioned.—LANKESTER. The ponds and ditches, abounding as they do in vegetable matter, are very favourable to the developement of infusoria, both polygastrica and rotifera. In 1841 Dr. Lankester found Plumatella repens in Campsall Lake, adhering to the stones at the edges, and spreading in a radiate manner over their entire under-sur- face. He refers to a pink or rose-coloured deposit on the sand and mud at the bottom of Askern Pool, which he considers to be the bodies of dead animalcules, and which deposit is only found in waters impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen. After referring to the numerous species of worms and leeches, Dr. Lankester states that the Gordius [aguaticus] is often seen, and looked upon by the simple-minded as a horse-hair come to life. —LANKESTER, 1842, pp. 59—6I. Crustacea.—Many species ; the ditches abound with the freshwater Shrimp, and several microscopic species: one of these, Aonoculius conchaceus Don., fre- quently collects in such quantities as to give a yellowness to the water. In the summer of 1841 Lankester observed the surface of a pond near Campsall Hall, which presented an almost orange colour; as he passed round it the shades of colour varied very much; this arose from his having disturbed the animals, and from their consequently retiring deeper into the water. Among them is often found Monoculus quadricornis. Argulus foliaceus was common during the same summer. Rev. F. H. Allen mentions the following :—Askern Pool and Effluent Drain—Cosmarium margaritiferum, Cocconema lanceolatum, Diadesmis confervacea, Diatoma vuleare, Nitzschia sigmoidea, Sphinctocystis solea, Synedra splendens, Actinophrys sol, Aspidisca lynceus, Coleps hirtus, Icthydium podura, Kerona mytilus, Phialina viridis, Stylonichia histrio, Urostyla grandis, Uvella virescens, Vorticella nebulifera, Rotifer vulgaris. Pool, belonging to Mr. Townsend, of the South Parade Baths, Askern—JLefadella emarginata, Lindia torulosa. Haywood and Wrancar Drain—Satrachospermum, Closterium (varieties of), Fragillaria capucina, Gomphonema acuminatum, Meridion circulare, Niteschia sigmoidea, Ameba diffiuens, Chetonotus larus, Dileptus folium, Cyclops. Shitley Pool—ZLoxodes Circ. No. 61. bursaria, Stentor mulleri, Pterodina patina. Pond in Four-Acre Glebe Field, belonging to Rev. F. W. Peel, between Owston and Burghwallis—P/umatella repens. Thorpe Brick Yard Pond (disused)— Volvox globator (in abundance), Pediastrum boryanum, Canthocamptus minutus, Himantophorus charon, Trache- locerca viridis, Melicerta (cases in abundance), Stephanoceros eichornii (once). Conchology. Dr. Lankester’s 1842 shell-list was as follows :— Paludina vivipara, Madder Close ; P. contecta, ditches near Askern Pool (now extinct) ; Bythinia tentaculata and B. leachiz, Askern Pool; Helix aspersa, very common; Z. hortensis, Camp- sall, rare; H. nemoralis and H. hispida, common ; 7. riufescens, lanes near Askern ; H. virgata, roadsides, common; A. rotundata, Zonites nitidulus, Z. lucidus, Z. crystallinus, and Z. purus, Campsall Woods; Succinea putris and S. pfeiffert (? elegans), Askern Pool; Zua lubrica and Vertigo edentula, Campsall Woods ; Limnea stagnalis, ditches; ZL. auricularia, Askern Pool; (ZL. peregra not men- tioned) ; Carychium minimum, Campsall; Vitrina pellucida, Campsall Woods ; Ancylus lacustris, Campsall Lake ; Planorbis corneus, P. carinatus, and P. margt- natus, Askern Pool; P. zmébricatus, Campsall Lake; Spherium corneum and Pisidium amnicum, Askern Ditches. Vertebrate Zoology. Mammalia.—The Polecat, Weasel, Stoat, Fox, Hare, Rabbit, Mole, Hedge- hog, Long-eared and Noctule Bats came under Lankester’s observation. Of the last-named nine were taken from an old tree at Sutton, The Squirrel at one time lived in great numbers on the beech trees at Campsall, but now [1842] seldom if ever seen there. The common species of Shrews and Mice are plentiful, also the Brown Rat and Water Vole.—LANKESTER, 1842. Birds. —Campsall Hall was formerly the residence of Mr. Neville Wood, by whom 102 species were noted there—and 10 more were observed near Askern by Mr. Mellor. The species selected for mention by Lankester were :—Golden Eagle (one shot at Campsall), Rough-legged Buzzard (shot at Askern), Long-eared Owl (common in Campsall Park), Marsh Harrier, Hen Harrier, Reed and Grasshopper Warblers, Lesser Whitethroat, Brambling, Lesser Redpole, Nutcracker [? Nuthatch ], Green Sandpiper (all at Campsall, rare), Nightingale (Owston Woods), Garden Warbler, Wood Wren, Longtailed Titmouse (all common at Campsall), Wood Lark (Campsall, rather uncommon), Cirl Bunting (one shot near Campsall), Haw- finch (Askern), Crossbill (Burghwallis and Campsall, thought to breed, but the fact not well authenticated), Hooded Crow, Green Woodpecker (both rare), Great Spotted Woodpecker (occasionally seen), Roller (two shot near Askern), Golden Plover (rather common), Heron, Crested Grebe, Bean Goose, Little Grebe (Askern, scarce), Solitary Snipe (Sutton Common), Whistling Swan (Campsall Lake), Shoyeller (Askern Pool), Black-throated Diver (two shot on Askern Pool), Com- mon Teal, and Wigeon (Askern—not uncommon).—LANKESTER, 1842. Reptiles. —Ringed Snake, frequent in the fields on the limestone hills ; Blind- worm and Viper, rare ; Frog and Toad, numerous ; Common Lizard, rather scarce ; Warty Eft or Newt in large numbers in a pond at Campsall, but never observed in the pool at Askern.— LANKESTER, 1842, p. 68. Fish.—The most numerous is the Rudd or Red Eye (Leuciscus exythrophthat- mus). The Roach (Z. rzd¢zlus) is next to it in abundance, and sometimes confounded with it. The Dace (Z. vlegaris) in Campsall Lake in small quantity. The Carp- bream (Adramis brama) plentiful there. A smaller species, the White Bream (4. blicca), still more numerous there, Lankester conjectures to be young 4. drama. The Perch (Perca fluviatilis) has been taken of a very large size from Askern Pool, and in point of frequency is next to the Rudd and Roach. The Pike (Zsox lectus) is found both at Campsall and Askern; one taken in the Pool weighed upwards of 20 Ibs. The Broadnosed and Sharpnosed Eels (Anguzlla lativostris and A. acutt- rostris) inhabit Campsall Lake. The ditches and pools abound with Sticklebacks of four species (Gasterosteus aculeatus, G. trachurus, G. semtarmatus and G. pungi- zzus). The Bullhead or Miller’s Thumb (Cottzs gob70) is in only one locality—a brook at Norton. —LANKESTER, 1842, p. 67. Programme of Meetings. 5- o—Meat Tea, 2/- each 5-45—Sectional Meetings 6-30—General Meeting All in the Large Room attached to the Swan Hotel, Askern. WorKshice Naturalists’ Trio, President : REV. W. H. DALLINGER, LL.D., F.R.S., Pres.R.M.S., Sheffield. Secretaries ; WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., Sunny Bank, Leeds. WM. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.O.U., Headingley, Leeds. THE SIXTY-SHCOND MEETING WILL BE HELD AT BRIDLILIN GTON FLAMBOROUGH HEAD. Danes’ Dyke, the Caves, Robin Lythe’s Hole, Flamborough, Buckton, and Bempton Cliffs, On WHIT-MONDAY, 14th JUNE, 1886. Railway Arrangements. Through return tickets at pleasure party fares (single fare or fare- and-quarter for double journey) will be issued at all Yorkshire stations ontheG.N., H&B. L& Y. L.& N. W., M.S. & L., Mid. and N. E. Railways, which have booking arrangements for Bridlington or Flamborough, to Members and Associates of the Y.N.U. on produc- tion of their signed card of membership. Members and Associates starting from stations which have not through booking arrangements, should: book to the most convenient junction, and re-book to their destination ; the reduction of fare will be granted for both portions of the journey. Routes. Permission has been granted by Mrs. Cottrell Dormer and the Rev. Yarburgh Lloyd-Greame for members to visit their estates. All parties will drive from the station at 10 a.m., and return from Flamborough at 3 p.m. The conveyances will be provided by Messrs. Baxter and Harland ; return fare 1/9. Conveyance accommodation will be engaged oly for those ordering from the secretaries. High water 2-50 p.m. I.—GEeEoLocicaL: In charge of Rev. E. M. Cole and Mr. G. W. Lamplugh. IJ.—A party, accompanied by Mr. W. Crowe, jun., of Flam- borough (who will be provided with ropes and other requisities for cliff climbing). III.—A party will investigate the Danes’ Dyke, which—being sheltered—affords, perhaps, the best field of investigation for natural- ists generally. Circ. No, 62, (gies The District appointed for investigation is that portion of the headland of Flam- borough which lies East of the Danes’ Dyke. Books and Maps. The whole district is in Sheets 95 S.E. and 94 N.E., 1-inch Ord- nance Maps (which are both to be had geologically coloured). Further information on geology is given in Phillips’ Geology of the Yorkshire Coast, Cole’s Geological Rambles in Yorkshire, and Blake’s Chalk of Yorkshire (Proc. Geol. Ass., Jan., 1878). For Vertebrate Zoology, reference may be made to Clarke and Roebuck’s Handbook of Yorkshire Vertebrata and Cordeaux’s Birds of the Humber Dis- trict, in both of which numerous captures of rare birds and marine fishes are on record. Geology. The Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., writes:;—Viewed from Bridlington Quay, Flamborough Head presents a long low line of white chalk cliffs, capped with boulder clay, stretching out to sea some six miles, and affording a safe protection against storms from the N. or N.E. The shore-line of what is known as Bridlington Bay, composed of boulder clay, is rapidly receding from the attacks of the waves; in fact, the sea is regaining what it has lost. For, previous to the Great Ice Age, the sea occupied all the area now called Holderness, and the ancient cliff ran inland in the direction of Burton Agnes, Craike Hill, and Hessle. A mile north of the Quay, on approaching Sewerby, this ancient cliff may still be traced trending landward, covered more or less with rain-wash and sand, wherein the bones of mammals of the Pleistocene age have been disinterred. The south face of the chalk of Flamborough Head is pretty uni- form, probably because little exposed to heavy storms, but immediately on turning the corner and facing N. and N.E., the chalk is broken up into caves, coves, and columns. ‘The force of the waves, aided by the tremendous artillery of stones and sand, has cut, bored, and polished the rocks as if done by machinery. The chalk on the S. and N. side of Flamborough Head is very different in many ways. On the south side it is comparatively soft, though not nearly so soft as in the South of England, and fairly fossiliferous. The beds about Danes’ Dyke (an ancient British entrenchment extending from shore to shore, piled up on the top of a natural ravine) are formed of the upper flintless chalk, and contain a great quantity of sponges, chiefly Ventriculites, and a number of Aarsupites, and the characteristic belemnite, Belemnitella mucronata. The flints (nodular and tabular) begin to come on on turning the extreme corner of the Head. ‘The chalk becomes harder and the fossils more rare. Here, as at Danes’ Dyke, may be seen traces of a pre-glacial valley, filled in with Boulder Clay, which, in its turn, is being rapidly denuded. In Selwick Bay, commonly called Silex Bay (though the former spelling is probably the correct form), a mass of Blue Speeton Clay has been stranded, as a boulder, on the top of the Chalk, and an interesting fault occurs, long known to Messrs. Mor- timer and Cole, and recently described by Mr. G. W. Lamplugh.* Further on, towards the North Landing, the King and Queen rocks * Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 1880. Circ. No. 62, are met with, detached from the parent mass, similarly to the Needles off the Isle of Wight. The cliffs are capped with Boulder Clay, which has weathered into thin edges, running seawards, like Striding and Swivel Edge on Helvellyn. On both sides of the North Landing and all about Great and Little Thornwick, the Chalk Cliffs have been hollowed out into numerous caves and arches, and present coast scenery which can scarcely be rivalled elsewhere. From the latter point the cliffs gradually rise in height till they attain an elevation of upwards of 400 feet at Bempton. Here they are as nearly vertical as possible, and are apt to produce vertigo in the inexperienced tra- veller. Should he fall over he might have the doubtful consolation of being borne up by the wings of seabirds, which swarm in all direc- tions on the narrow ledges of the chalk below. Half-a-mile beyond the northern end of Danes’ Dyke, which cuts off from the mainland the promontory of Flamborough, probably the Ocellum Promontorium of Ptolemy, occur the magnificent contor- tions, which form the subject of the photographs issued this year by the Yorkshire Geological Society. The beds of chalk are crushed and tilted in all directions, and show evidence of tremendous lateral pressure. Similar phenomena may be observed on a smaller scale at Foxholes, Weaverthorpe, Linton, and a few other places on the Wolds, Botany. As with many districts of East Yorkshire, the botany of Flam- borough is but imperfectly known. The Rev. W. C. Hey has noticed Armeria maritima, Parnassta palustris, Orchts mascula, O. pyramid- alts, O. maculata, O. morto, Chrysanthemum segetum, Plantago mart- tima, Centaurea scabiosa, Petasites fragrans (an escape, no doubt), Viola odorata, Equisetum maximum, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, etc. ; and Mr. E. A. Peak has noticed in addition eta maritima, Stlene inflata, Orchis ustulata, Habenaria viridis, Sedum acre, Cochlearia officinalis, Atriplex babingtont, Helianthemum vulgare, Caucalis nodosa, Spergularta marina, and Ophioglossum vulgatum. Mr. Hey also notes that the neighbourhood is very rich in lichens, the Ramalinas on tree trunks being singularly fine, due no doubt to the frequent presence of mist in the air. ‘There is also a nice variety of mosses in the damp lanes near Bempton. These lower groups of plant life have not however been well investigated. Entomology. CoLEoPTERA.—The Rev. W. C. Hey writes: The list is so long that only a few species characteristic of the district can be enumerated. Philonthus xantholoma and Loricera pilicornis often swarm under sea- weed. The local Webria livida is common in June near Sewerby Cliffs, where another marine species occurs — Broscus cephalotes. Occasionally the beach is almost alive with such species as Coccinella 11-punctata, Gastrophysa polygont, Anchomenus parum punctatus, and many others, thrown over the cliffs by a land-wind. Bridlington is famous for its Amaras and Dyschirit. The scarce [schnomera melan- ura occasionally turns up, breeding no doubt in the old timbers com- mon at all seaside localities. All the ordinary Pterostichi and Bem- bidia are present in great force. Ponds are fairly productive in species of Haliplus and Agabus. In fact any form of collecting will prove remunerative in favourable weather. Circ. No. 62. LEPIDOPTERA.—Nothing appears to be known as to the lepidop- terous fauna of Flamborough headland, but there is little doubt that the Danes’ Dyke and the little sheltered nooks of the cliffs harbour many species of interest. Conchology. The Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A., writes that he has explored the Flam- borough district pretty thoroughly for land and freshwater shells. It is very rich in individuals, and moderately so in species. Of Helix aspersa, vars. exalbida and conotdea occur by the road to Bridlington Quay. #. rufescens abounds; the white variety used to occupy a part of Danes’ Dyke. WZ. virgata, Hf. caperata, H. ericetorum, and its white variety occur near chalk pits, &c. A. cantiana frequents Bempton lanes. HW. nxemoralis, H. hortensis, and H. hybrida abound in many handsome varieties. Bulimus obscurus, Clausilia rugosa, Pupa umbilicata, are at Speeton and Flamborough. Succineas abound in wet places near the cliff, chiefly in small forms. Zovztes cellarius, Z. alliarius, and Z. radiatulus are in copses. Limnea glabra abounds in grassy pools near Danes’ Dyke. JZ. palustris is common, but small, except at Bridlington. \ OCT 11 1945 NORTH YORKSHIRE: STUDIES OF ITS BOTANY, GEOLOGY, CLIMATE, AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, 20 AwA q ENG ReO© DU Cae LO uN. North Yorkshire, as the term is here employed, comprises the North Riding of Yorkshire, properly so called, and also the Ainsty and City of York. For legal purposes the City of York is a County by itself, and the Ainsty is now a wapentake of the West Riding ; but North Yorkshire, as here understood, is the parliamentary district which is designated by that name. It is bounded on the north by Durham, on the west by West- morland, on the south by the West and East Ridings of York- shire, and on the east by the German Ocean. It includes a surface of irregularly rhomboidal contour, 2,112 square miles (1,361,664 acres) in area, which measures at the utmost 88 miles from east to west, and 53 from north tosouth. Only three of the English counties are larger than it is ; and these are Devonshire, Lincolnshire, and Norfolk. Physically, it may be roughly described as a broad central valley running north and south between two ranges of hills. The western mass attains an eleva- tion of about 2,600 feet above the sea-level, and the range which is situated on the east of the central valley reaches nearly 1,500 feet, the general slope of the surface being from north-west tosouth- east. The Riding embraces within its limits a very wide diversity of natural features; a coast line where long ranges of cliff succeed undulated banks of shifting sand and low flat tracts of marsh; a rich and well-cultivated interior mapped out into fields of corn and grass, separated from one another by thick shadowy hedge- rows, and diversified by woods and rivers ; and above the valley on either side rise extensive tracts of moorland country, bleak and heathery throughout its higher levels, intersected by pleasant dales and clear sparkling streams, its summits girdled with long lines of rugged and precipitous scar. Its productive industry is mainly agricultural, that which does not ally itself to some branch of farming being principally employed in the iron trade and with shipping, and there are no manufactures or coal mines ot any considerable extent within itslimits. York, with its castle and cathedral and old historic memories, is its only city, and has Bot. Trans. Y.N.U., Vol. 3. B 2 INTRODUCTION. now (1887) within its parliamentary limits a population of over 76,000. Then come the Tees-side towns :—Middlesbrough, a port for the Durham coal-field, and the nucleus of the Cleveland iron district, which has risen during the present century from a solitary farm-house to a town of nearly 70,000 inhabitants at the present time (1887); and South Stockton, with 10,600 inhabitants. Next in order are the fashionable sea-side resorts : Scarborough, with 36,000, and Whitby, with 18,600 inhabitants ; and Redcar (with Coatham), Saltburn-by-the-Sea and Marske, each about 5,000 or so. Next follow four agricultural centres, not long ago parliamentary boroughs, Malton, Rich- mond, Thirsk, and Northallerton, with populations ranging from 5,300 to 3,700. Besides these there are fourteen agricultural market towns, with populations ranging from upwards of 6,600 to about 600, which in order of population are as follows, viz. :— Guisborough, Pickering, Easingwold, Hawes, Kirby-moorside, Stokesley, Helmsley, Yarm, Masham, Bedale, Reeth, Leyburn, Middleham, and Askrigg. The average population of the whole of North Yorkshire in 1881 was 164 to a square mile ; and in the North Riding, exclusive of the Ainsty, the area occupied by corn-crops was 206,651 acres, green-crops 75,605 acres, clover and grasses 62,631 acres, permanent pasture 469,799 acres, flax 11 acres, bare fallow 35,874 acres, orchards 979 acres, market gardens 283 acres, nursery grounds 184 acres, and woodland 49,106 acres. Into the past history of the inhabitants of the district, of their rulers and other notabilities, of their wars and progress in the various arts of civilization, its castles, abbeys, camps and other antiquarian remains, it is proposed not to enter at all, but to confine attention to the physical features which the field of study itself presents; in the first place to consider the circumstances and details of the internal struc- ture, physical geography and climate of its various districts ; and afterwards to enumerate the plants of the higher orders which it produces and treat respecting their distribution over the various parts of its surface, at the same time endeavouring to trace out in what way the facts connected with the distribution of the plants connect themselves with, and serve to indicate con- ditions of climate and geological constitution. GeOoloOG 7. Plate 1. BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE, 2nD EDITION. GMO Taam sabe 9 Ores eae EO SOUTH YSHOUT ‘dV TVOINOTOHN “AUTHSMYOA a0 ONIGIY HiLYON | “MONS 07 1701S 002 Sa4IDg YHDIOST % (2208) — 4ajung bard mu anuopsaeuay pees pate 2 urDjunopy aes IOUT eal spag appaso, |i SUT = 249 usin || L LLL & [= Pr vane; by * ome unused 42gd)) Besa } 372700 49922) (Saaial or ‘10Z0%/ 1Vvd ‘O1OZOSAW “NOILVNV1dX3 %» Ss) UD AIT SNOAUUOQADD (Gr 18, OIL, DG Corrected and Revised by J. EbDMUND CLARK, B.A., B.Sc, assisted by H. M. PLATNAUER, B.Sc., A.R.S.M. [For fuller information on this subject, see Phillips’ ‘Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire’ (an elaborate work in two quarto volumes, with numerous coloured sec- tions and figures of fossils), and the same author’s ‘ Rivers, Mountains, and Sea- coast of Yorkshire.’ Sedgwick’s Monograph on the Magnesian Limestone, in the Transactions of the Geological Society, new series, vol. 3, p. 37-118; and Williamson on the fossils of the Yorkshire coast, Geol. Trans., n. s. vol. 5. Besides these works, available at the time of the first edition, the following may be mentioned among many which deal more or less directly with the district in question :—Phillips’ Geology of the Yorkshire Coast, 1875, edited by R. Etheridge; The Yorkshire Lias, by R. ‘Tate and J. F. Blake (Van Voorst); Papers on the Yorkshire Oolites, by W. H. Hudle- ston (Proc. Geol. Assn., Aug. 1874, Jan. 1875, and Oct. 1878); Ordnance Survey Maps and Memoirs, especially upon ‘The geology of the country between Whitby and Scarborough,’ by C. Fox Strangways and G. Barrow. For general relationships to other parts, Woodward’s ‘Geology of England and Wales’ is very valuable, and Harrison’s chapter on the North Riding, in his ‘ Geology of the Counties of England and Wales,’ is a useful summary. Lebour’s ‘Geology of Northumberland and Durham’ also treats of the Cleveland district. ] With the exception of a small tract of Basalt in Upper Teesdale, and a narrow dike or terrace of the same nature which enters Yorkshire east of Middleton in the same valley of Tees to penetrate the Cleveland moors, all the subjacent rocks of North Yorkshire are of the kind which owe their origin to the gradual deposit of sediment from water. Except in the shape of loose fragments in the glacial drift, we have not either Slate, Granite, or Chalk: and although Kainozoic deposits are met with just beyond our boundary, except the glacial drift all the sedimen- tary deposits which occur within the limits of our field of study belong either to the Palzeozoic or Mesozoic periods. In order of deposition they range either from west to east or from north- west to south-east, so that a person travelling in a direct line from the Derwent valley, opposite Filey, to the summit of Cronkley fell in Teesdale, would pass over each of the series of strata in succession, and each change would be from rocks of a more recent to those of an earlier date of deposition ; or if he were travelling in an opposite direction each change would be from rocks of an earlier to those of a later date. The following table will shew their order and geological classification :— Jan. 1888, 6 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. TABLE OF THE STRATA OF NORTH YORKSHIRE. The numbers and arrangement [as well as the colouring of the map] are adapted from Ramsay’s Geological Map of England and Wales, slightly modified by the Ordnance Sur- vey Maps, upon which Ramsay’s is based. The numbers in Ramsay’s map run up from 1 (Cambrian) to 26 (Alluvium). 8 is the Coal Measures and the Cretaceous are 18 to 21. NAMES. LOCALITIES. I1]. Quaternary part of Kainozoic Age. PLEISTOCENE SYSTEM. CMagel! LEPOAE coosc60e Superficial deposits filling the great central valley and its main branches to a consider- able depth, and to be met with even on the highest ground. Il. Mesozoic or Secondary Age. JURASSIC SYSTEM. Os (Qyxa7 (OW Las08000008 v6 Helmsley, Pickering, Kirby- moorside. Ws MLO (OQUTIA sa000800 Summits of the tabular range of hills between Thirsk and Scarborough. WAR me/EO LUCIAN OOLULCH Rainer Summits of the Cleveland hills and flanks of those between Thirsk and Scarborough. Tess, LISS alee ase Marge Whitby, Redcar, Guisborough, Stokesley, Easingwold. TRIASSIC SYSTEM. Rhetic Passage Beds...Lazenby (S. W. of Redcar), Stokesley, Barton Hill (York and Malton Line). 2 CLUD. CIVIL Seana Yarm, Northallerton, Croft, 11. Bunter Sandstone... } Thirsk, York. |. Paleeozoic or Primary Age. PERMIAN SYSTEM (DYAS). 10. Upper (Magnesian Limestone, &c.) ...Piercebridge, Tanfield, Ripon, Thorparch, Tadcaster. Qi LO LUCT Maas yn Gwar Near Thorparch. CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. Wa LWEISHOLE (CHEE gaceccons Cotherstone, Masham, Colster- dale, Deepdale, and summits of most of the western hills. 6. Voredale Rocks ...... Most of Western Moorlands ; 5. Mountain Limestone lower beds in Wensleydale, Swaledale, Gretadale, Upper : Teesdale. SILURIAN SYSTEM....... Upper Teesdale. GEOLOGY. | I. Paleozoic Age. THE SILURIAN SYSTEM Is represented in North Yorkshire only by an isolated patch in the upper Tees Valley, between Falcon Clints and Cronkley Fell. It is probably Lower Silurian (Stockdale Shales), con- sisting of soft shales, formerly worked into slate pencils. The exposure is much obscured by glacial deposits. See Q.J.G.S., XI Va (O76) we psernsWorksa Ga ca Socy Journal 1oy7nmp: 239; also paper by Mr. Gunn at the Plymouth Meeting of the British Association, 1875. THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. A line drawn from Pierce Bridge on the Tees, to Tanfield on the Yore, bounds on the east that part of North Yorkshire which is underlaid by the Primary rocks. The Carboniferous system taken as a whole makes up the entirety of the western mass of moorlands. Its oldest or Limestone series of strata may be conveniently treated under two divisions, a lower and an upper set of beds, and it is in the midst of the former that the Teesdale basalt is intruded and has its place. (5) Zhe Mountain Limestone (or Scar Limestone) Series.— This lower limestone is more or less exposed to view in the depths of each of the three principal dales of the western moorlands, Teesdale, Swaledale, and Yoredale. A long line of strongly marked dislocation passes northward from the Ingle- borough district to the mountains round the source of the South Tyne, an idea of the tremendous character of which may be gathered from the fact that for a length of forty-five miles the strata are displaced to the extent of at least three thousand feet. An observer stationed upon the elevated edge on the east of this line (as for instance, upon the summit of Wild Boar Fell or Swarth Fell, which are situated in Westmorland, just opposite the head of Yoredale) stands upon millstone grit strata, with a thick mass of mountain limestone beneath them, and sees out- stretched 2,000 feet below him the valley of the Eden and the plain of Carlisle, where these same mountain limestone and Jan. 1888, 8 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. millstone grit beds are buried beneath superincumbent deposits of New Red Sandstone. From this main line of dislocation, which is known by the name of the Pennine fault, two cross lines strike out at right angles towards the east. The northern one of these is about fifty miles in length, and is continued from Brampton in Cumberland to the Northumbrian coast near Cullercoats, relatively depressing the strata on the north and elevating those on the south of it to an extent which cannot be estimated at less than two thousand feet. The southern line, or rather a double southern line, known as the great Craven Fault, reaches about thirty miles, and may be distinctly traced as far eastward as Wharfedale, in the same way relatively depres- sing the strata on the south and elevating those on the north of it from one to three thousand feet. It is along the line of the Pennine Fault and in the Craven country about Settle that this lower mountain limestone is seen to the best advantage. Here it forms a compact calcareous mass about 400 feet in thickness, with very little or hardly any interpolation of non-calcareous material, with numerous vertical fissures, and in some places, as for instance on the south-eastern slope of Ingleborough, it may be seen with its lower beds full of broken slate boulders resting upon masses of dark-coloured Silurian slate. The steep precipices which girdle Langstroth- dale, Littondale, Gordale, Ribblesdale, Ingletondale, and Kings- dale, and the thick mass of caverned and fissured limestone that forms the general base of the well-known Craven hills, Fountains Fell, Ingleborough, Penyghent, and Whernside, must all be referred here. Along the western border of the county it forms the lower part of the great Pennine escarpment, still shewing fine limestone scars as far north as the country round the head of the Tees. But as it passes towards the north, both along the edge of this line and in the interior of the moor- land mass, it loses the distinctly marked calcareous stamp which characterises it in Craven, and the farther it goes in that direc- tion, argillaceous and arenaceous bands are more and more GEOLOGY. 9 mixed up with the limestone. In Penyghent and Ingle- borough its upper surface is 1,300 feet, and beneath Great Whernside it is 1,400 feet above the sea-level. At the head of the Ribble it has sunk to 1,000 feet, and between this point and the south side of Yoredale opposite Hawes it declines 150 feet more. Altogether in Yoredale about 240 feet of its upper portion is exposed. It fills up the lower part of the valley from the Hawes neighbourhood as far east as Redmire, a distance of twelve miles. Its limestones form the long low terrace that borders the road between Askrigg and Carperby, the falls about the village of Gayle, the picturesque rapids of Aysgarth, and they may also be seen exposed round the sides of Seamer Water. Here the interpolations in the limestone are princip- ally argillaceous, and may be best seen about Askrigg and _ above Aysgarth Bridge, and bear altogether to the limestone a proportion of about two to three. From Great Whernside to Aysgarth it declines 700 feet in eight miles. On the north side of Yoredale opposite Hawes we have the upper surface of this lower limestone at about 800 feet above the sea level, and in Swaledale, at about the same height, a small portion of the upper part is exposed to view in the neighbourhood of Muker. From this point northward it is not anywhere to be seen till we reach Upper Teesdale. Inthe Mickle Fell tract the upper beds may be seen immediately above the Basalt. Here the upper band of limestone is from 25 to 50 feet in thickness, and is known by the name of Tyne bottom limestone. In Cronkley Fell it reaches an elevation of 1,750 feet, but from this point it is much depressed by dislocations both towards the north and east, and south-east of the great fault which ranges along Lune- dale it is lost altogether. By proximity with or contiguity to the Basalt, the various strata become much changed in character, the shales prismatised, both the sandstones and shales bleached and rendered brittle, and the normally compact cal- careous beds which immediately overlie the basalt are me- tamorphosed, as in Cronkley Fell, into a loosely granular Jan. 1888. Io BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. ‘sugar limestone.’ A few miles further north the rich mining tract of Alston Moor furnishes the following section of the beds of this series :— feet. Tyne bottom limestone ........seceseeseeeeeees 24 Alternations of shales and sandstone ...... 74. (Here the Basalt occurs) Gar Wie Sooonpcoaso0nscdocesquds000900b00000006000 24 PNIIETATENMIOINS coocoocdo0sG0nboo000000000000900000008 26 ILS: ILA ‘560905005600900000000000000500000000000 18 INNGTETEISIONTE soonocvogosoccdoabadasouec0G010b0000000 90 Swotalohy WAbisVS “~Gocvoacaccc09200950d000000000000000 31 SINGING cooncossa0d09000000009600000a00000000000¢ 12 TLIMESLOME 6. .00e ese ncecvercarnraceseererersracnersse 25 MI fernatlOns)mescsccceecsesesreececeseceaacseseras 21 VO bINSOMESHIME Hee soecee aces swceceeseite sees 21 PNINETEMERSTOINS GoaccssoococdnaveqcqoK00000000000000000 12 Great limestone of Melmerby Scar ......... 132 Alternations and coal .......sesecseeceeeeeeeeee 24 IAHENVARUONVS coconsescouocconosconbooonocubadeDoRDbona0 12 Alternationsipsc-pscrecsececcnerasnestectesceerat c= 165 ILAWVSSUCING. sooooacqcdaqcq09cnnnosgansDo909cOGscDAsO0C 7 Alternations and Coal ...scs.ececesecceesseceeee 221 [eimestonesscenceeeerc sree cee censcmseerescines 18 INETSOENTIGSNS cucoagcooncoddoncacoDdscqDons0ag2000000 234 Total thickness of the series, 1,191 feet. 312 feet calcareous, $79 feet non-calcareous. The Teesdale Basalt or Whin Sill—A huge mass of rock which has owed its origin to igneous agency, and which is known locally by the name of the Whin Sill*, extends from the neighbourhood of Brough in Westmorland into the district round the head waters of the Tees, Wear, and Tyne, and from thence, with some interruptions, is continued as far north as the Northumbrian coast, near Alnwick. It attains its greatest development at the Caldron Snout, where it is from 200 to 300 feet in thickness, being in Tynedale about 120 feet thick, and at the head of Hilton Beck, which is only six miles westward from the Caldron Snout, becoming diminished to 24 feet. Generally the deposit is remarkably layer-like in character, con- formed to the plane of the stratification of the neighbouring * Whinstone is the local name for basaltic rock, the Scottish quhyn- _stane. Sill is the Saxon syll, syle, the French seuil, the flat piece of tim- ber or stone at the foot of a door or the bottom of a window. GEOLOGY. II sedimentary rocks, and in Teesdale and Tynedale it would seem to be nearly or quite uniform in its geological position, which is always below, but not far below, the Tyne bottom limestone which forms the uppermost band of the series of beds which has just been noticed. Generally it is fine in grain and dark in colour, and forms rudely prismatic vertical columns. At the Caldron Snout, where the foaming waters of the Tees leap down a basaltic ravine two hundred feet in depth, this columnar structure may be seen to the best advantage, and it may be observed upon a smaller scale in the falls of Blea Beck. Spreading from the Caldron as a centre, in our district the Basalt ranges up Maize Beck for two miles, attains a consider- able elevation above the river in Cronkley Scars, and may still be seen in the river-bed as far down as the High Force and Winch Bridge. At the High Force the top of the waterfall is Basalt, and the lower beds indurated and subprismatic shale, with beds of limestone below. Leaving the Tees lower down it ranges along the south side of the dale past Holwick and Unthank, and at last is lost about a quarter of a mile from the Tees half a mile from its junction with the Lune. The whole district is full of the marks of eruptive force and the influence of great dislocations. Its four principal faults will be noticed ‘more particularly when we.come to speak of the Yoredale Rocks. From the upper part of Lunedale two basaltic dikes pass near the end of the great basaltic mass, and are prolonged in anorth-eastern direction to the Durham coal-field. Although there is in our district great uniformity in its geological position, the fact that the beds above the great Whin Sill are altered as well as those upon which it rests, shows that it is an intrusive sheet. (6) Zhe VYoredale Rocks.—The most characteristic section of the upper mountain limestone series of strata is to be met with in the upper part of Yoredale or (as it is now more com- monly called) Wensleydale, in the neighbourhood of Hawes. In the fells upon both sides of the dale it reaches a thickness Jan. 1888. 12 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. of nearly one thousand feet, and is made up of not less than five distinct bands of limestone, with intermediate beds of non- calcareous constitution, as follows, viz. :— Feet i The main or twelve fathom limestone ...... 70 Laminated grit and plate, with ironstone Ena) GOEL coaogcocacosc0as0s0900090d0000000000 80 Mhevunderset limestone were. -nsetceceecndsanecee fo) Gritstone, flagstone and plate, with coal and AMP ULE MMES LONE et a-etericcie acess ness 350 DPhewmiddle limestone) qe. << sees dares ee 30 Gritstone, flagstone and plate...............+6+ 150 The Simonside limestone .....-...-.++e.ee200 20 Flagstone, gritstone and plate ............... 100 The Hardraw limestone .................s+2+00 40 Gritstone andiplate \.eecenccacsecmesrermc sel 100 Total thickness of the series, 970 feet. 190 feet calcareous, 780 non-calcareous. Of these bands of limestone the Main, or upper, is the most conspicuous, the Middle and Simonside bands least so. Every- where in the neighbourhood of Hawes the Main Limestone may be seen at a height above the sea of about 1,800 feet. As we proceed from Hawes southward in the direction of Craven, we have, as before stated, the plane of the stratification of the lower mountain limestone series sloping upwards and at the head of the Ribble 150 feet higher than at Hawes. In this direction the space between the Main and Underset bands of limestone grows thinner, till at last they are united together into one mass on the south side of Cam Fell. As the series is shown on the north side of the great Craven Fault, a still further contraction of the non-calcareous interpolations as com- pared with the Hawes section is seen. In Penyghent the upper surface of these Yoredale Rocks is 1,900 feet above the - sea-level and its beds as under, viz. :— Feet The upper or Cam limestone .............0000+ 60 Gritstone, flagstone and plate.....-............ 225. The middle limestone... 5 .secescceseecenc+ ees 20 TIEW@, GE. coopscopotenocnnonabococoosbooccocoHCONbC 92 The Simonside limestone.....-...s.ssseseeve rere 20 Gritstoneyand) platewacccsscss-tesseseeeeeesseee 62 The Hardraw limestone, with thin plates... 4o 519 feet. GEOLOGY. 13 In Ingleborough the section is similar to this last, but the upper limestone is about 200 feet higher than in Penyghent, and con- siderably thinner. It forms a scar about 30 feet in thickness, which may be seen to advantage on the crest of the Ingleton or western slope of the mountain. From Hawes, proceeding towards the east down the Yore- dale valley, we have on the south side of it the Underset lime- stone at an elevation of 1,565 feet forming the summit of Addlebrough, and along the line of drainage which forms the southern boundary of the Riding, the Main limestone maintain- ing an elevation of about 1,900 feet from Widdale Fell along Cam Fell as far east as the head of Bishopdale.. But between this point and the Wharfedale slope of Great Whernside, where the lower limestone f§ 1,400 feet high, the Yoredale series has declined in level upwards of 200 feet by the upper limestones having become completely obliterated, and the non-calcareous interpolations between the lower beds having also vanished almost entirely, as the following section shows :— é Feet TPIEHIS. Seagbonctenddooedesconadesncudodadodoodocusecons 84 Limestone with partings of plate ............ III IRVING coccacagancbdoocnos5dcHes000G2D00000D90009R00000 4 IDarale WTWESHOIMS snoccocscosooss000adas00nvCo8000006 78 27 7ANeets This is the section of the Yoredale Rocks on the Wharfedale side of Great Whernside, but on the Coverdale side of the mountain and at the summit of drainage between Coverdale and Wharfedale the upper limestones may be seen making their appearance and rapidly attaining a considerable thickness, so that on the west side of Coverdale the Main limestone is from 30 to 4o feet thick, and these, with the non-calcareous bands which are interpolated between the lower beds, in the space between the Wharfedale side of Great Whernside, and Star- botton, a distance of only three miles, swell the series from 227 to 510 feet. Along the whole length of Coverdale, a dis- tance of 15 miles, the non-calcareous beds above the middle Jan. 1888, 14 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. limestone, which in the Hawes district attain a thickness of 430 feet, are only augmented to 150 feet, whilst towards the east they are diminished to 30 feet, and towards the south and south-east vanish altogether; and in like manner the non- calcareous beds below the middle limestone, which at Hawes are 350 feet in thickness, in Coverdale are reduced to 150 feet, and towards the lower part of Wharfedale, in a south-eastern direction, cease altogether ; a state of things plainly pointing to the conclusion that in this district at this particular epoch the deep sea was towards the south-east and its shores towards the west and south-west. At the west end of Penhill we have the Yoredale Rocks from 600 to 700 feet in thickness, with all the principal beds of the Hawes section present, but the grits and plates above the Middle limestone much reduced in thickness. On the Coverdale side of Penhill the Main limestone has sunk to 1,100 feet above the sea-level, and the Hardraw limestone ranges from the end of Bishopdale past West Witton and dips beneath the surface in the bed of the Yore near Bolton Hall. By the time we reach Middleham Moor the Main limestone has declined to 850 feet, and at East Witton to 400 feet above the sea-level. Here it is extensively quarried, and is about 20 feet thick. It may be traced along the whole length of both sides of Cover- dale, in the lower part of the dale forming a terrace, on the surface of which the high road is carried in some places; and as we proceed from these points further east, the series is altogether buried beneath the Millstone Grit. On the north side of the Yoredale valley, the Hardraw limestone may be best seen at the waterfalls called Hardraw Force and Mill Gill Force, the Upper limestone best at Leyburn Shawl, and between Askrigg and Carperby, and most of the lower members of the series may be examined at the lead mines at Ellerbank near Carperby and at the Keld heads near Pres- ton-under-Scar. At the former locality the Main limestone forms a doubie scar at an elevation of about 1,200 feet and GEOLOGY. 15 the Underset limestone from 1,125 feet is thrown down by a dislocation to 1,000 feet. At Preston the succession of the beds below the Middle limestone, as given to me by Mr. Craig, of Aysgarth, is as follows, viz. :— 30 eet—Middle limestone, rich in ore Gritstone Coal seam 1 foot thick Plate Grit Flagstone worked above Carperby Large Plate - Thin Lime Strong gritstone Small plate Plate Grit Plate Thin lime Ironstone, thin Plate Grit Small plate Plate and Ironstone Grit Post, of grit Small Plate Plate 60 feet—Hardraw limestone 20 feet—Simonside limestone Grit Grit Plate From an elevation of 1,700 feet in Cotter Fell and the south side of Lovely Seat, the Main limestone declines gradually eastward to 1,025 feet at Preston, 836 feet at Leyburn Shawl, and 700 feet at the town of Leyburn. Through the mass of moor between Yoredale and Swaledale, the course of the series is On the south side of Lovely Seat the Main limestone is upwards of 200 feet lower than in Cam Fell and Bear’s Head, and on the nearly level or declining slightly towards the north. north or Swaledale side of the same hill it is 1,554 feet in eleva- tion, with 660 feet of the Milistone Grit beds over it. Between this point and Muker the Yoredale Rocks are exposed in Cliff Gill, with a total thickness of nearly 700 feet, with all the lime- stones of the Hawes section present, the upper band 82 feet, and the underset band with chert on the top of it, 54 feet in thickness, but the lower limestones thinner than at Hawes; and the non-calcareous interpolations above the Middle limestone 237 feet thick, instead of 430, and those below it 210 feet instead of 350. The head of the pass between the dales of the Swale and the Eden is 1,700 feet in elevation, and the mountain peaks that encircle it are about 600 feet higher, and here also the Main limestone is between 1,500 and 1,600 feet in elevation. Jan. 1888, 16 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. East of Lovely Seat it attains 1,600 feet in Satron Hangers, and from thence sinks eastward to 800 feet in Downholme Moor. A few miles from the head of Swaledale the valley divides into two, and the two branches rejoin each other at Muker. A fine ridge of hill which bears the name of Kisdon is thus insulated, and here the Yoredale Rocks may be well seen, the Main limestone forming the summit of the mass at its southern extremity, but having a cap of Millstone Grit over it at the north end of the ridge, which reaches an elevation of 1,643 feet. The tract between the Swale and the Greta is a rich and long worked lead-mining country, with many dislocations. In Nine Standards the Main limestone attains about 1,700 feet. Ascend- ing Water Crag by way of Stonesdale, we have the Underset limestone at an elevation of 300 feet above Muker and 1,150 feet above the sea-level; above it about 60 feet of non-calcareous interpolation, 80 feet of Main limestone, and between this and the hill summit in this direction nearly goo feet of the beds of the Millstone Grit series; but on the eastern or Arkengarth- dale* side of the same hill the Main limestone is nearly 100 feet higher, its upper surface in Punchard’s Gill being 1,360 feet in elevation, with the base of the Underset limestone 190 feet below it, and 230 feet more of the lower beds before we reach the bed of the stream. Towards the south-east the Main lime- stone reaches 1,600 feet in the angle between Arkengarthdale and Swaledale above Reeth. Along the line of the former dale, which runs from the north-west towards the south-east, a fault depresses the beds in a north-eastern direction, and in Fre- mington edge we have the Main limestone at 1,150 feet, and the Middle limestone at 200 feet above the river. From this point through the moorlands eastward to the Castle Hill at Richmond, a distance of eight miles, the Main limestone sinks gradually to 450 feet. * Misprinted Argengarthdale in Ramsay’s map; where also read Ampleforth for Appleforth (S.W. of Helmsley) and Flaxton for Flexton (N.E. of York); also Heworth, a suburb of York, is misplaced four miles to the east. Arkengarthdale is sometimes abbreviated into Arkendale. GEOLOGY. 17 In the dale of the Greta we have only the upper half of the series visible. The Middle Limestone may be seen in the deeply excavated river bed near Rutherford Bridge, and the Flagstones above it are quarried extensively about Brignall and Scargill. The junction of the Tees and Greta is in the Main Limestone at an elevation of 380 feet, and the same rock, with its beds dipping steeply towards the north, forms the bed of the Tees * beneath the well-known Abbey Bridge of Egglestone, and the equally well-known scars that margin the Greta in Rokeby Park. From this point the Main Limestone may be traced along the edge of the fells which border the dale of the Greta to an elevation of nearly 1,000 feet at Bowes, and from thence along the south side of the dale by way of Gilmonscar, past the summit of drainage between Arkengarthdale and Swaledale to Gilling, and from thence back again to Rokeby, beneath Gatherley Moor by way of Forcett and Hutton Magna: and a small isolated tract of limestone is also to be seen on the east of the gritstone at Middleton Tyas. Between Gretadale and Lunedale there is a synclinal fold or trough in the Mountain Limestone, dipping from the south and north towards Deepdale and Balderdale, so deeply that in this tract of country the Yoredale Rocks are altogether buried beneath superincumbent masses of Millstone Grit. Along the line of Lunedale a fault runs which elevates the strata on the north of it to the extent of about 1,o00 feet. Another fault passes from the Caldron Snout along the line of Maize Beck between Mickle Fell and Birkdale, elevating the strata on the south-east, and a third along the line of the main dale of the Tees, throwing up the beds towards the south, which in the + ‘That mighty trench of living stone, Where Tees, full many a fathom low, Wears with his rage no common foe, Nor pebbly bank, nor sandbed here, Nor clay-mound checks his fierce career, Condemn’d to mine a channel’d way O’er solid sheets of marble grey.’ Scort’s Rokeby. Bot. Trans. V.N.U., Vol. 3. 18 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. neighbourhood of Middleton causes a difference of some hundreds of feet between the elevation of the beds on the opposite sides of the dale. So that the triangular tract of country enclosed between the Tees, the Lune, and Maize Beck consists of a pyramid of beds of the Yoredale Rocks elevated upon a floor of Basalt and Mountain Limestone lifted con- siderably higher than the corresponding strata in the country which immediately surrounds it. The Main Limestone forms the general plateau of the culminating Mickle Fell ridge, and there is a cap of sixty feet of gritstone over it at the western or highest end of the ridge, which is the highest point in York- shire, and which reaches an elevation of nearly 2,600 feet. The height reached by the Yoredale Rocks in the Teesdale district is its maximum elevation in Britain. Here the Main Limestone is 70 feet thick and the Underset Limestone 24 feet thick, with a space of about 80 feet between them. Complicated disloca- tions, especially the three faults to which reference has just been made, and a fourth which is called the Burtree Ford dike, and which ranges from Langdon Beck across the east end of Falcon Clints and Cronkley Scars towards the head of Lunedale, caus- ing a down-throw on the east to the extent of about 200 feet, produce great confusion in the stratification of the lower beds of the series. ‘These vary considerably in thickness in different places, the greatest thickness anywhere attained by a lower limestone being 40 feet and the space between the Underset Limestone and the Tyne Bottom Limestone ranging from about 300 to 600 feet. Between the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell and the Tyne Bottom Limestone of the White Force, there is a difference in level of 850 feet, but here the Burtree Ford dike intervenes. In Alston Moor the Yoredale Rocks are 495 feet thick, 350 feet of which is made up by non-calcareous beds, the principal of which are two bands of hard grit-stone called respectively the Brigstone Hazle and the Nattriss Gill Hazle. (7) The Millstone Grit Sertes.—For a typical section of this series as we have it in North Yorkshire we must go either GEOLOGY. 19 to Colsterdale on the east of Great Whernside, or to where the beds of this series fill up the great synclinal depression between Swaledale and Lunedale, the existence of which has been indi- cated when speaking of the subjacent strata; or, better still, to the hills which surround the lower part of Wharfedale and Nidderdale, where we shall find it thicker and better developed than it is anywhere within our own proper limits. The various members of the series are very different in different localities, so that it is often a task of great difficulty to decide respecting the identity of the beds, and their proper relation to one another. In the Ilkley and Pateley Bridge tract the series attains in some places a thickness of fully one thousand feet, with strata as under, viz. :— Feet. Feet 6. Upper grit of the Wharfedale summits .............s2eeeeeeee 100 to 360 5. Upper plate and flagstone group with chert and coal, about 200 or 250 4. Coarse middle or Sandhill grit ...........:.ccccecececnceeereeeens 30 to 50 3. Lower plate group, with gritstone, thin limestone, and coal 300 ,, 350 2. Lower or Ingleborough grit, with plate and coal ............ 100 ,, 300 1. Chert, limestone and plate beds ............2...scescsecesceereee 12 The following is the detailed Witton Fell and Colsterdale section as observed in the Brown Beck collieries, the gritstone of the surface apparently corresponding to the Middle Grit of Nidderdale and Wharfedale, and the lower beds representing the Lower Plate group. Feet. Inches. Strong gritstone of Agra Crags.........s.seeeee 51 Ochry soft sandstone ...........cscececeeereeeeenes I 9 IPT AKSY (REIS coonsnsdooabodacnoooaDcHcGon0nDeGoGH9G0G00000 4 6 Bluish laminated grit and plate ............... 63 Grey sandstone and blue soft stone ............ 4 II Platy grits and alternations .........sessceseree 33 Solidfanitrockteeccssosmstessestcesmaneenteccccenes 7 JRIBKB 7 GaBKE coccoogoapocnoceado95D009DB0c0ng00q0000G00000" 6 Solid grey sandstone ......scessesecscecececeenenes 5 IDEA FAIRS cocosoccdsa9000n00000000G99000000G0000000C 34 Hard grey laminated stone .....-..-.eeseeeeeees 21 CEE! scccogsssoosccasdos0ascoc0000ds00090s0H050000000000 3 Hard grey stone with round balls............... 18 9 Crinoidal limestone..............seccceesesessseress 15 Hard yellowish cherty stone ........-.seseeeeenes 6 TEV JOLENS oconososssococs0000e000000enG000098000000006 5 Call coccscscosocnsa00000s0000500b00500000000000000000 I 4 Total thickness of the Lower Plate group) above main coal seam. J 229 feet. Feb, 1888, 20 ’ BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. In Great Whernside the series is about 600 feet thick, the beds of the summit representing the Upper Plate and Flagstone group of Nidderdale and the Lower Grit ranges down both sides of Coverdale, with the Middle Grit over it in isolated patches to form the highest summits. From the edge of Coverdale proceeding eastwards towards the central valley the mass of moorland slopes with considerable abruptness, and within a short distance of Masham some of the beds higher than the Middle Grit make their appearance, and nearer Tanfield a grit- stone is to be seen which most likely represents the Upper or Brimham Gritstone. In Penhill the series is exhibited as follows, the grit of the summit still apparently representing the Middle Grit of Nidderdale, but with the Lower Nidderdale Grit shewn only in a very imperfect manner. feet Grit rocks of the lsummity eosccecceeenacucseeecsenecees 150 Alternations of plate and flaggy grits with coal } DES ha OVS MOYO? OWE GoooaopooosacsqcconGoDaosoadeS 5 Plates pilaestoneswetCreesneercreccesenaseseecseceencerre 60 Little limestone, chert and plates ..........:.cseseenee 80 Total 540 feet In Buckden Pike, where the surface of the Main Limestone is 1850 feet above the sea-level, the Millstone Grit series is only 450 feet in thickness, the summit rock being rather higher in the scale than that of Penhill. But as we proceed westward amongst the remainder of the hills on the south side of Yore- dale we get only a small thickness of the beds of this series, and that is only shewn in the shape of ridges or isolated patches upon a great limestone floor ; as may best be seen in two of the hills in the immediate neighbourhood of Hawes, Dodd Fell and Bear’s Head. Between Yoredale and Swaledale the series is thickest to- wards the western and eastern extremities of the moorland mass, the Main Limestone being left at or near the surface in the central portion of the range. In the five high summits on the edge of Mallerstang there are from 700 to 800 feet of Millstone Grit beds above the Main Limestone; on the south side of GEOLOGY. 21 Lovely Seat 535 feet and on the north side 662 feet ; and at Leyburn a coal seam upwards of a foot thick is obtained on the moor top about 120 feet above the Main Limestone, which has a thick gritstone over it on the east, and in the neighbourhood of Downholme and Hudswell the same coal seam is also worked. Next we pass to the tract of the great synclinal depression, and by combining two of the Arkengarthdale mining sections, and taking for each bed its greatest thickness in either of the two we obtain the following result, viz. :— feet No. 4 Cae GINGHE. coscgagacassocosodosooboooscedconndaoe 18 * *'\ Alternations of plate, limestone & chert 80 NON se Wihitevoritstonemrrrsssteeesenacccrecectesesrer 6 Grit and plate with coal ..........-.sssseeee- 25 Crow limestone ..... ...ceceesseeeee « sH0gCO5 600 18 No. 2.~ Flinty chert with alternations of plate ... 51 Alternations of plate and limestone......... 37 IRIN» opapeaadancocoodooqgedoooonnoddobsDGNGUNNBOOD 30 No. 1. Millstone grit ......cccceccessesseeersenseececes 120 Total 445 feet. Here the top Millstone Grit would appear to represent the Middle Grit of Nidderdale and the Summit Grit of Penhill and the Colsterdale watershed, and the White Grit the Lower Gritstone of Nidderdale and Ingleborough, the rest of the beds being grouped and numbered in correspondence with the Nidderdale section on page Ig. On the Stonesdale side of Water Crag the series is upwards of goo feet thick, and here we have above the Main Limestone 122 feet of the Lower Cherty group, 80 feet of the White Grit, 110 of the Upper Cherty group, and 600 feet more of Plates, Middle Grits and the Upper Plates and Grits of Nidderdale before we reach the summit. In Nine Standards the Main Limestone is considerably higher than in Water Crag, and the Gritstone thinner. At this point it is about 400 feet in thickness, and from thence along the summit of the escarpment over Maller- stang as far north as Stainmoor, the upper beds are still those which overlie the upper Arkengarthdale Grit. At the western Feb. 1888, 22 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. edge of the county the road at the bottom of the Stainmoor depression is 1,450 feet above the sea-level, in beds not far above the Main Limestone. On the north side of the Stain- moor hollow the summits of the west and the peak of Golds- borough attain the Middle Gritstone ; and the general floor of the lower moorlands in the Lartington and Cotherstone tract is made up of the argillaceous beds below it. And north of the Lunedale fault the series is only seen in two caps over the Main Limestone of the Mickle Fell ridge, one at its eastern, and the other, which is 60 feet in thickness and forms the highest part of the hill, at its western extremity. THE PERMIAN SYSTEM. (9) The Lower and (to) The Upper (Magnesian Limestone) Series,—Within the limits of our field of study, along the whole length of the line of the edge of the Millstone Grit beds, none of the strata of the Coal Measures are to be seen, although they make their appearance both in a northern and southern direc tion soon after North Yorkshire is left behind, and both South Durham and West Yorkshire yield rich and extensively worked coal fields. It would from various considerations seem probable that these two coal fields, though now separated by a distance of 60 miles, have been originally connected together and that they have formed parts of one and the same mass. __ Both of them are formed in a basin of Millstone Grit and both are covered unconformably by the beds of the Magnesian Lime- stone. Coals of like quality are worked in both of them in the same parts of the series and in both of them courses of Ironstone are plentiful in the lower and central portions of the formation. The long and varied range of deposits which we have already passed under review has evidently been laid down very gradually, and their deposition must have extended over a very lengthened period of time. But the era which immediately followed the end of that during which the beds of the great Carboniferous system were laid down has on the GEOLOGY. | 23 contrary been marked by a general eruption of disturbing forces, of the energy of which we may form some kind of an idea by studying the traces which they have left behind them in the tract of country with which we are here more par- ticularly concerned. At Cullercoats the Tynedale fault dis- locates a mass of Magnesian Limestone strata, but although such is the case we may confidently infer from the fact of the nonconformity of the plane of the stratification of the great mass of the Magnesian Limestone deposits in Durham and throughout Yorkshire to that of the subjacent Millstone Grit and Coal Measures, that it is to the earlier part of the Permian epoch that we must look as the period of the Craven and great Pennine dislocations, especially as the condition of the beds in the valley of the Eden altogether confirms this view of the case. So that we have the upheaval of the whole mass of our western moorlands in the manner which has already been described and the entire sweeping away of whatever portion of the beds of the Coal Measure series may have been deposited on the east of them to appeal to as a criterion of the extra- ordinary power and activity of the forces which came into opera- ation at the era at which we have now arrived. It is this upheaval and denudation rather than the deposi- tion of strata which constitute the groundwork from which we have to evolve the history of the Permian epoch so far as North Yorkshire is concerned. From the Midland Counties north- ward an escarpment of Permian beds margins the Carboniferous deposits along the line of their eastern boundary. Through West Yorkshire this escarpment is continuous and each of the rivers, in its course from west to east, breaks through it. In the south of the county it is usually several miles in breadth and in one place it attains 450 feet in elevation above the sea-level. At the south-west corner of the Ainsty the Magnesian Lime- stone margins the Wharfe with cliffs at Thorparch and Newton Kyme. Passing northward by way of Knaresborough and Ripon it crosses the Yore half a mile below Tanfield Bridge. Feb. 1888. 24 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. North of the Yore the escarpment is much narrower than in the neighbourhood of Doncaster and Tadcaster. It soon rises to an elevation of 300 feet, with a conspicuous slope in an eastern direction. It ranges nearly in a straight line past Well and Nosterfield to a hill about two-thirds of a mile west of Thornton Watlass and there the escarpment suddenly terminates. From Watlass to Little Crakehall there is no trace of Magnesian Limestone; it is either entirely swept away or else buried beneath the thick beds of glacial gravel which overspread this tract. It is laid bare again in the bed of the rivulet at Little Crakehall, and again makes its appearance beneath a mound of glacial gravel five miles further north by the side of the private road from Bedale to Catterick, about half a mile from the latter locality ; and is probably continued beneath the ridge which extends in the direction of Tunstall. It occurs also under thirty feet of glacial gravel on the right bank of the Swale about half a mile below Catterick Bridge. In the flat country north of the Swale and along the edge of the hills of Yoredale beds at Middleton Tyas there are no traces of it, but it reappears in a hill about half way between Newton Morrell and Cleasby, and is again seen at Rennison quarry, near Eppleby ; and by the Tees’ side west of Piercebridge it forms a cliff beneath thirty feet of glacial deposit. North of the Tees it forms a cliff at Coniscliffe, and from this point northward through the county of Durham the escarpment becomes much increased in width. In the south of Durham it fills up the whole of the space from Hartlepool westward to the North Eastern line of railway. It borders the Durham coal-field on the south-east and becomes gradually narrower as we proceed northward. About Sunderland and Marsden there are excellent sections in the coast cliffs and it finally ceases upon the coast a short distance to the north of the Tyne. Taking the series as a whole as represented in the North of England, its divisions were given by Professor Sedgwick as follows, viz. :— GEOLOGY. S25 Red and white marls. Thin bedded compact limestone, scarcely magnesian. Red and white marls and gypsum. Magnesian limestone in thick beds, in colour generally whitish or yellowish. Marl slate in thin layers. Yellow or purple sands, sandstones and marls. PE Gap Ge &P The contrast between the eastern and western development is, however, very great. The following section for Yorkshire is given on p. 210 in Woodward’s Geology, ed. 1887 :— Feet Upper Permian (6. Upper red marl and sandstone............... 50 or Magnesian 5. Upper magnesian limestone ...........seeeee+ 120 Limestone 4. Middle red marl, sandstone and limestone 200 Series (Zechstein). \ 2 & 3. Lower magnesian limestone ............ 120 Lower Permian f1. White or yellow false-bedded sand (quick- (? Roth-liegende). sand) with occasional breccia ...... 20 or less The lowest bed of Sedgwick’s series, so far as it represents the Pontefract sandstone of Smith, has now been proved to belong to the upper beds of the Carboniferous Millstone Grits (J. C. Ward, Q. J. G. S., xxv. 294). Between the Wharfe and the Nidd this forms an advanced escarpment ranging con- siderably to the west of the real Magnesian Limestone. Here it is a coarse-grained, irregularly bedded sandstone rendered purple by infiltration from the Permian and Triassic rocks above. It sometimes nearly approaches the appearance of a conglomerate, and decomposes into irregular masses, as may be well seen at Plumpton Rocks near Knaresborough. But in North Yorkshire this bed is nowhere to be seen distinctly, though numerous loose blocks which apparently belong to it occur in the glacial detritus. The second and the fourth beds also are not anywhere distinctly known in North Yorkshire. The latter, however, may be seen near Tadcaster. The third bed or true Magnesian Limestone forms a cliff 70 feet in thickness at Knaresborough and cliffs from 30 to 50 feet thick on the banks of the Wharfe and Tees. The upper part of these is a firm cellular con- cretionary Magnesian Limestone and the lower part is more soft and earthy in texture. Feb, 1888, 26 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE, The second bed or upper slaty limestone is seen at Thorp- arch, and is represented at Well and Nosterfield by a system of smoke-grey and dark bluish-grey beds of Limestone shattered so much as to resemble a highly indurated calcareous shale. The following is the section of Seven-acre quarry near Well from the main Magnesian Limestone bed upwards :— feet. 7. Yellow magnesian limestone with carbonaceous stains... 3 6. Dark shale passing into limestone .............ceceeeeeneeees 4 5- Yellow rubbly limestone with galena, worked in 1823, NOW. -GESELtEM Passccantincse shcanedeetedasdeue ester ccemaneeeeeese 13 4. Dark brown and black shale, highly calcareous and Rejnablsbashingtwes| | Goaqcacqsn00G0qs0000000G000000900000000000006 I Bre Harthyayellowishebedsmpedecscesccoseanccseeeecccoeermeeeeres 30r 4 2. Thin shattered beds of brownish blue limestone with thinyseamsofemanlossessceeeeeeectocce cesses 12 I. Strong yellow magnesian limestone forming the base of (HOS CPUBNEY “Goooqododoanonadcq0DINb02od00bH0G0GoDB0DGGd00s00000 Total 22 feet. At Welsea quarry near Well this upper system of beds is 30 feet in thickness. The lime burnt from it may be spread over the land at the rate of six chaldrons (216 bushels) to an acre, whilst of the true Magnesian Limestone two chaldrons to an acre are about as much as the soil can usually bear with advantage. In Ripon park are beds of gypsum which probably belong to the Red and White Marls which are placed above as the top stratum of the series. Mesozoic Age. THE TRIASSIC SYSTEM. (11) The Bunter Sandstone (often referred to as Mew Red Sandstone) and (12) Keuper Series—From the line drawn from Piercebridge on the Tees, through Catterick Bridge on the Swale to Tanfield on the Yore, and Thorparch on the Wharfe, which forms the boundary on the east of all the Paleeozoic deposits of North Yorkshire, beneath a tract of comparatively level country, which measures in breadth twelve miles at the narrowest part,and comprises altogether an area of 500 square miles, stretch the deposits of the Triassic series. This is, in fact, the northern GEOLOGY. 24 portion of that long line of valley which continues through the southern part of Yorkshire and which extends as far south as the neighbourhood of Nottingham and there expands into the great Triassic plain of the Midland Counties. In North Yorkshire these Triassic deposits are so thickly overlaid with glacial deposits that it is only in a very few places that they are exposed to view, and until recently we could only form a somewhat vague idea of their character and thickness. It is by some considered doubtful as to how far the two series of Bunter Sandstones and Keuper Marls are here distinctive. In the new salt-producing district of Cleveland the boring by Messrs. Bolckow and Vaughan, made in 1868, showed the following series :— | feet Surface deposits (chiefly glacial) .........s.sscseoeseeneenes 58 Red marls and clays, two beds gypsum of 2ft. and © tfé, WOETNSSS.coococcos op 0d0000 covs0bDDIGIGsDDsGB50000000~ 81 White and red sandstone with gypsum veins............ 1067 Rock salt penetrated to a depth of ...........-..+seeeeeeee 100 Limestone and conglomerate .......csscecsenecsecscncr sees 74 Total depth reached 13133 feet.* A boring to 1,355 feet by Messrs. Bell Bros. in 1874 was similar ; in this case the whole section has been preserved. Details of these borings are given in the ‘ Hand-book of Middlesbrough and District,’ prepared for the British Associa- tion meeting at York in 1881. It will be seen that the York- shire salt beds appear to occupy a much lower horizon than those of Cheshire and Worcestershire. In Cheshire the series is 1,700 feet thick, and in the Severn valley about 300 feet less. The Bunter, or lower beds, consist principally of thick sandstones, which are usually coarse in grain and, by the agency of peroxide of iron, deeply tinged with red. In Nottingham- shire this portion of the formation has an average breadth of irom eight to ten miles, the soil which rests upon it being chiefly composed of light yellowish sand, but all deep sections of undisturbed beds are red. In Cheshire this part of the * The lower parts of this section are by some assigned to the Upper Permian Marls. Feb, 1888, 28 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. series has a total thickness of 1,000 feet, the beds being con- glomeritic below and more laminated and more interpolated with clays as we proceed upward. In our own field of study these sandstone beds may be seen in quarries at Ripon and Boroughbridge, and in the bed of the Tees about Croft. In two or three places in the vicinity of the Tees they have been partially sunk through in fruitless attempts at boring for coal. At Dinsdale they were excavated to a depth of 450 feet, and opposite Sockburn to a depth of 700 feet without the Magnesian Limestone being reached. __Here the strata were found* to con- sist of white, grey or reddish sandstones, with occasional partings of a more compact nature, red or blue shale, carbonaceous matter in thick layers and gypsum in nodules or beds. In one case a bed of gypsum was found which was three feet in thick- ness. In sinking for the foundations of the North Eastern railway bridge over the Swale, solid sandstone was reached on the west of the river but not on the east. The Keuper, or upper, part of the series consists principally of red marlstones, which in Cheshire are 700 feet in thickness, and in North Yorkshire may be seen in the Howardian district and about the Tees estuary. In Nottinghamshire they form the subsoil of the claylands of the eastern part of the county, their escarpment being visible in a well-defined chain of low hills, which crosses the great north road above Markham Moor. The beds sink gradually beneath the glacial deposits of the great plain which is drained by the Trent. Rhetic Beds.—In North Yorkshire, as nearly everywhere in England along the junction of the Keuper marls and Lower Lias, these thin but remarkably constant ‘ passage beds’ have been detected. Fifteen feet of shales, with sandy beds, rest upon some ten feet of blue or tea-green marls. They are not exposed along the coast, but at Lazenby, S.E. of Redcar, near * The complete sections as reported by the miners engaged in these excavations were given by the late Mr. Winch, in the fourth volume of the Transactions of the Geological Society. GEOLOGY. 29 Stokesley, east of Northallerton, and at the entrance to the Derwent valley between Barton Hill and Kirkham Abbey stations on the York and Scarborough Railway.* THE JURASSIC SYSTEM. (13) Zhe Lias Series.—¥or the typical section and for the greatest thickness of the Lias formation we must go to Cleve- land, where it forms the lower part of all the moorland escarp- ments, and of most of the coast cliffs. Here we have it with strata as under, beginning from above. 3rd. Zhe Upper Lias Clay or Shale, about 280 feet in thickness, the upper part a soft shale from which alum was till recently manufactured, characterised by Ammonites communis ; the lower part firmer and harder, with A. serpentinus. In this are bands of ferruginous and argillo-calcareous nodules, and a band containing jet. and. Zhe Ironstone and Martstone beds, about 470 feet in thickness, consisting of highly arenaceous shales and laminated calcareous sandstones, succeeded above by several bands of nodular and stratified ironstone, which are worked extensively. 1st. Zhe Lower Lias beds, 378 feet in thickness, em- bracing the four zones of Am. capricornus, jamesont, oxynotus and bucklandz, a nearly uniform mass of tolerably firm shale, with many layers of nodular ironstone, and, in some inland localities, laminated limestones at the bottom. The greater part of the series may be best examined in the coast cliffs. It first makes its appearance from under the sands beneath the Dogger at Blea Wyke,t nine miles north of Scar- borough. From this point it rises gradually to the steep cliffs at Peak on the south side of Robin Hood’s Bay, where it reaches 270 feet above high water mark. Here it is thrown up * See Woodward’s Geology of England and Wales, ed. 1887, p. 247. + Wyke or wick, when used as a termination or separate word in York- shire topography, always means a small bay. This ‘ wick’ is quite dis- tinct from the commoner ending, which is synonymous with the Latin vicus, as in Norwich, Berwick. Feb. 1888. 30 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. on the north by a dislocation so considerable that 300 feet of the Lower Shale is exposed, with 4o feet of the Ironstone and Marlstone series above it and the whole thickness of the Upper Shale. From this point to Baytown the beds range nearly level, but on the north they dip so rapidly that within little more than a mile of the village the Lower Shale again sinks beneath the surface and in a mile more the Ironstone series does the same. Opposite Hawsker only a small portion of the Upper Shale is seen at the base of the cliffs. Towards the cliff upon which Whitby Abbey stands it rises slightly, but north of the Esk as far as Sandsend the whole series is depressed beneath the sur- face by dislocations, and for three miles the coast is guarded by banks of glacial clay piled upon a floor composed of the sand- stones of the Inferior Oolite. At Sandsend we have the cliffs again with the Upper Shale 150 feet thick. At Kettleness, formerly noted for its extensive alum works*, the softer portion of the Upper Shale is 150 feet in thickness, the firm lower nodular band 30 feet, a band of soft shale beneath it 20 feet thick and at the base 20 feet of firm shale, and the upper Ironstone beds form projecting scars. Along the line of the Runswick stream a fault of about 40 feet elevates the beds on the north. For some distance beyond Runswick the firm lower band of the Upper Shale forms the base of the cliffs, but as we approach Staithes it rises and the Iron- stone beds again appear. Not far from Staithes there is an oblique dislocation of 15 feet, depressing the beds towards the north. Along the line of the Staithes stream is a third and larger dislocation, with an effect of about 150 feet, which lifts to the top of the cliff, on the north side of the harbour, lower members of the Ironstone series of beds than are to be seen above the surface of the ground on the south side of it. In the magnificent cliffs of Boulby, which are 660 feet in height, we * The whole series of alum works along this coast are now (1887) abandoned through the much cheaper production of ammonia alum from gas-residuals. GEOLOGY. 31 have a beautiful section of the series, including all its members from the top bed downward to a depth of roo feet in the Lower Shale. From this point this lower bed sinks almost to the sea- level across Skinningrove Bay, rising again in Huntcliff to 180 feet and sinking to 50 feet at the termination of the cliff at Saltburn ; and its beds form the ranges of rock which, from the sandy beach at Redcar, extend for about a quarter of a mile into the sea. From this point the series spreads inland to form the floor of Eston Nab and its upper boundary is continued along the edge of the hills by way-of Upleatham, Highcliff, Roseberry Topping, Leven Head, Burton Head, and the northern edge of the escarpment of the great moorland mass. In Roseberry Topping it attains 1,000 feet, the average rate of dip north-east towards Boulby being 46 feet per mile and due north to Eston Nab 80 feet per mile. Its upper limit is usually marked with great distinctness beneath the Oolitic sandstones, which every- where cover it on the higher levels, but as we proceed towards the west, the upper band becomes more arenaceous in character as compared with the coast sections and was not ever worked profitably for alum. Opposite Stokesley the series attains its maximum elevation of 1,200 feet. The Esk runs down a synclinal fold or trough of the Lias and both in the main dale and along all its tributary streams the Liassic beds are every- where exposed by denudation of the sandstone of the moor tops. From the Stokesley tract due east to the High Peak, its average dip is at the rate of 43 feet per mile, and in the direction of Whitby, eas by north, it is 55 per mile. In the dales of the great moorland mass from Snailesworth eastward by way of Bilsdale, Bransdale, Farndale, Rosedale, and Newtondale, it is also exposed by denudation, thickest in their upper parts and descending gradually along their edges as we pass from north to south. Beyond the western flank of the hill country, where the escarpment turns due south, it extends in an undulated slope which is generally about four miles in Feb, 1888. 32 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. breadth, the outer edge of which reaches as far west as the Cod Beck at Thirsk and the Swale at Topcliffe. In the Vale of Mowbray the Ironstone and Marlstone band is just traceable and the Upper Shale is best seen in Cotcliffe wood and on the banks of the stream below Osmotherley. A narrow band of Liassic beds still continues through the low country from Top- cliffe in the direction of Easingwold and Sheriff Hutton. At Brandsby, 19 miles south of the point of its maximum eleva- tion, the surface of the Lias is 280 feet above the sea-level, which gives an average declination in this direction of about so feet per mile. From this point it forms the lower part of the slope of the Howardian hills towards the south as far east as the Derwent. (14) Zhe Lower Oolite Series. The beds of the Lower Oolite, as shewn in the coast sections, are as follows, beginning with the uppermost, viz. :— 7. Cornbrash, a thin, fissile, partially oolitic limestone, 5 to to feet in thickness, remarkably filled with fossils. 6. Upper Estuarine Sertes, up to 220 feet in thickness, consisting of irregular beds of thick sandstone, with layers of shale and bands of ironstone nodules inter-stratified amongst them, and enclosing also one or two thin coal seams. It may represent the Great Oolite, or any of the beds as far down as Ammonites parkinsont.* 5. Scarborough or Grey Limestone, 3 to 100 feet thick, much intermixed with clays, sand and ironstone. 4. Middle Estuarine Series, 30 to too feet thick ; shales and sandstones ; many plant remains, iron, thin coals (including the main Moorland coals of Grimston, up to 18 inches thick), and impure jet. 3. Millepore Series, 8 to 30 feet, an impure limestone to ferru- ginous grit. The Whztwell Limestone of the Howardian district. * The relationship of the North Yorkshire Oolites to those elsewhere in England is well indicated by a diagrammatic section at p. 286 of Woodward’s Geology of England and Wales, second edition, 1887. GEOLOGY. 33 2. Lower Estuarine Series, with ‘Eller Beck Bed’ (marine) at top, 100 to 280 feet of shales, sandstones, two thin impure coal seams, with plant remains. 1. Dogger Series, from 10 to 70 feet in thickness, consisting of irregularly developed subcalcareous sandstones, much mixed with iron, with bands of shells and plants. This bed in some places passes by a gradual transition into the Upper Lias Shale beneath it. The Cornbrash is first seen to emerge from beneath the strata of the Middle Oolite between Filey and Scarborough. In Gristhorp cliff, which attains 295 feet above high water mark, we have the Cornbrash and 50 feet of the upper sandstones. The strata rise towards the north and in the lower beds of sandstone here many fossil plants have been found.* In an island opposite Redcliff the third or calcareous bed is just seen at low water, but by a fault on the north side of it the beds are depressed about 140 feet and by a landslip in Cayton Bay the strata of this series are hidden altogether. Immediately beyond the bay we have the Upper Estuarine Series again rising towards the north, and at Ewe Nab the calcareous bed rises above high water mark, to disappear in the cliffs round Carnelian Bay but to re-appear at the White Nab. From this point to Scarborough the Upper Estuarines form the great mass of the cliff, capped in one place by the Cornbrash, and the lowest stratum of the Middle Oolite, whilst a consider- able surface of the calcareous bed is exposed at low water. At the Castle Hill the beds of this series are altogether depressed * Professor Williamson refers these plant-bearing beds to the Scarborough or Grey Limestone, of which he gives the following sections, viz. :— Cloughton Wyke and the White Nab. | South end of Cayton Bay. ; feet feet Layers of nodular ironstone and argil- _ Soft beds of argillaceous oolite...... 3 Ikesons OOIMES Sonbbacccso00nce05 %) Sandstone and carbonaceous shales.. 9 (JER eena ae nor aame ne ommO ara riaaoas I SandsStoneaeierc ence cree: I Nodular iron (the megalosaurus seam) Tenacious blue shale, the lower part yy tox carbonaceous (the plant bed)... + Hard blue clay, often much tinged with Impurevcoalipnis- aden cee 3 TRO apo a OG toe Gaon core occas 2 Alternating sandstones, ironstonesand Hard blue fine grained oolite some- 6 shales! eS sUAsd ik ENS e ee 22 timespronshotemeea sae eerie fronysnodulespeeeee ee ee reer ore I Hard blue limestone ............ 14 to 20 | Hard granular bed, muchironshot .. 8 Bot. Trans. Y.N.U., Vol. 3. (eo 34 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. beneath the surface, but as we pass towards the north they rise again, and soon the Cornbrash terminates, and for some distance the Upper Estuarine, with a mass of Boulder Clay over them, make up the whole of the cliff, which here is under 200 feet in altitude. At Cloughton Wyke we have on the top of the cliff thick beds of block sandstone belonging to the lower part of the Upper Estuarines, beneath it a considerable thickness of shale with ironstone balls. ‘Then comes the Grey Limestone series, here consisting of 6 feet of nodular shaly limestone full. of shells, 1%4 feet of shale, again a bed of nodular shaly limestone full of shells, 214 feet of shale, then soft calcareous layers with shells, and lowest of all the solid subcalcareous sandstone of the third set of beds, with a few fossils and accompanied by ironstone and calcareous shale. ‘The strata still continue to rise towards the north and soon the Middle Estuarine, Millepore and Lower Estuarine beds make their appearance, with a coal seam about a foot in thickness in the first. At Hayburn Wyke there are considerable marks of dislocation. From this point to the High Peak the cliffs rise in altitude from 296 to 585 feet above high water mark. In this long line of magnificent precipices we have very nearly the whole of this series of strata exposed so as to allow of ready examination, for although opposite Staintondale a landslip hides the lower part, yet by combining what is seen on the north and south of it we obtain an excellent section as follows, viz. :— 6. Upper Estuarines, 40 feet: carbonaceous gritstone with black shales and carbonised wood. This is quarried at the edge of the cliff. 5. Scarborough (or Grey ) Limestones (marine), 30 feet : shelly limestone with Gelemnttes giganteus, and shales. 4. Middle Estuarines, 120 feet: sandstone and shale beds in numerous alternations, with fossil plants and traces of coal. 3. Millepore-bed (marine), to feet. 2. Lower Estuarines, 320 feet: 60 feet chiefly thick sand- stone ; 200 feet thick shales and thin sandstones in numerous GEOLOGY. 35 alternations, with fossil plants; 20 feet white gritstone ; 6 to 10 shale, 20 feet of gritstone with ironstone and fossil plants, to of shale. 1. Zhe Dogger Beds (best seen at Blea Wyke), 70 feet: 30 feet firm-grained, yellow, irony sandstone with layers of pebbles and numerous shells ; 20 feet softer sandstone with irony masses of shells and 20 feet argillaceous fissile sandstone, also with shells. These last are probably homotaxial with the Midford Sands, which are passage beds into the Lias from the Oolite. The thick Middle and Lower Estuarine, consisting chiefly of sandstone and shale beds, form the cap rock of most of the Cleveland hills and in most places, as far as their termination at Saltburn, cover the Lias in the coast cliffs. This set of beds may be seen inland forming scars at Arncliffe woods near Egton Bridge, Danby Crag, Huntcliffe, Roseberry Topping, Wainstones, in Bilsdale, Newtondale and many other localities. North of the Esk it attains an elevation of 988 feet in Danby Beacon, and 1057 feet in Roseberry Topping. ‘The same shells that are found in the Dogger beds at the Peak are met with inland in Goathland dale and in the escarpment of the Cleveland hills opposite Stokesley. The coal seam of the Middle Estuarine, which is shewn on the coast north of Cloughton Wyke, is known and sometimes worked in most of the southern dales of the Esk district. The calcareous beds which intervene between the two thick masses of Upper and Middle Estuarines cannot be traced very distinctly amongst the moorlands, but they are known in some of the southern dales of the Esk and also in Common- dale and Scugdale. The Upper Estuarines, and especially the massive bottom bed, or Moor Grit, of the Lower Oolite series form the higher levels of all the moorland mass along the line of watershed between the Esk, the Leven, and the Derwent, the culminating points of which attain an elevation of 978 feet in Lilhow Cross, 1419 feet in Loosehoe Moor, 1489 feet in Burton Head, and 1427 feet in Dromanby Bank. This summit of drainage is in fact the line of an anticlinal axis of these strata, Feb. 1888, 36 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. which runs east and west and from which they dip towards the north and south. Where the beds of this series sink beneath the tabular hills of the Middle Oolite, these latter rise above them in a conspicuous escarpment, so that the line from Hambleton End to Scarborough, which marks the disappearance of this series from the upper levels, is easily traceable. On the western flank of the moorlands opposite Thirsk we have upwards ot 200 feet of Middle Oolite on the surface, and upwards of 600 feet of the Lower Oolite shewn beneath it as under, the surface of the series being about 850 feet above the sea level. Accord- ing to Prof. Phillips the greater part is here marine. It may be divided as follows :— 5.