1a yey aoa Ap Re tp oti ere dae A ete fare ae Ne ae y Sape ns, : ee na hati hat a= sn ale Bodo etn - : > “5 = er Noten > PE “ Be Ahehtiete Train ee! earre i ie ns st Oh Randel sani 5 east ai Fata! Te aie eat thn sitibe dhie A Rae Ae A Za : it a ~ a anit auth itn beeaibeeliinls See ee eR nt oe Ne Se I ee atomtie Tem oe acento Moe Braet nse Nhe fn tiara Mn i intial fase ~ RP Pvt so Dental — Ne ee Pig =e a peters en be Sat —_ = Sn, alan ae - - ae 2 - ss z llth nin ee Ata ty he ag a Ei IEE OE One Dare Re Ea al ee ee c Re ee ee ee ee = —ee aS h we Ae, os oe Me —— Ad bi , Ait Hit ’ A 4) , } Hale mi ' 4." J ys 7 \ Vise ENS Wy MRL ATS LA AY had ; gh th fia BP Tat Lobe: (hi Bet FOR | Ab \ te He ee nT ea 7 Re AL ET: Niet Ce x ee PN ny ‘| ey AT Aae “ahi aie ( ; inv sb t | 4 i ny ‘h 1 } iFiy i il Wy j { ¥ j hee j } 0 A i ' ; ii Hh g's ty i ; Jad } Ll mel j \ , ae vy a 4 ) artay, fo t » A AN Had y ae i ; yaa u iy h iy A : ‘ a i, rea KY aS j / i} AD i ie | } ' i ea ‘ (a yt my | Ny } 2, A * Ap } ay 4 f ait ut ¥i5 ) Oe ae! | ee F VA ae i { F 1 es ibs a ra tT : ea i ’ el Dh Fr’) ‘ ; ¥ i, ‘ un , hi af iM j ‘i i -" ‘ il ea ] aA \ } ‘ ; j nN py Vi hal | i] et oe U ia hy fr ae 4 ty INA meek Lt ee 2] : HAAN 7 M4 4 al | ) : y j , u. 10m, A A mI iH it ; | is at j 0 ae ‘ 7 PCa A) AN ba bd Tt WRAY ho 4! ' i PUR Gare Pe | ih ' vi rat Lac he rhe Ath ne | { re i oo yi) 4; Ny: am ~— — — ~ = a _ — i gl at pr A ‘it 1 ~ TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. edt a Se : ey js ay | uy 6 mnedrw OF THE OVAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA (INCORPORATED). Wor (oe ee te [With Seventy Prates anp Firry Figures in THE TEXT. ] S EDITED BY WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S., Assistep By ARTHUR M. LEA, F.E.S. ENE, se PRICE, TWENTY-ONE SHILLINGS. ~ Adelaide : PuspLisHED BY THE Society, Roya Society Rooms, Norru TERRACE. DECEMBER, 1915. Printep By Hussey & Gititinenam Limirep, 106 anp 108, Currin. STREET, ADELAIDE, Sours AUSTRALIA. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Aus- tralia from the United States of America can be forwarded through the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. : + ri Te “= ‘ ee ews ii UR yf ud ip, oe ay AS i era TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROVAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA (INCORPORATED). a ee ay. ee OS [Wire Seventy Prates anp Firry Ficures 1x THE TEXT. | EDITED BY WALTER HOWCHIN, F.GS., Assistep By ARTHUR M. LEA, F.E.S. — meee FWENFY-ONE’” SHILLINGS. Adelarwe : PUBLISHED BY THE Society, Royat Soctety Rooms, NortrH TERRACE. DECEMBER, 1915. PRINTED BY Hussry & GILLINGHAM LimitTEy, 106 AND 108, CurRIE STREET, ADELAIDE, SoutH AUSTRALIA. Parcels for transmission to the Royat Society of South Aus- tralia from the United States of America can be forwarded: through the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. vi. Ropul Soctety of South Australia (INCORPORATED). Patron: HIS EXCELLENCY SIR HENRY LIONEL GALWAY, K.C.M.G., Das ——?) 9 be >) First Metuop, HorizontaL ANGLE AND TIME BEING NOTED AT EACH OBSERVATION. In the spherical triangle having the star, the celestial pole, and the zenith as its angular points, we have the follow- ing fundamental relations :— eos A sin 2=cos psinc—cosc sinpeosh ... Ea sin A sin z=sin p sinh. and from the corresponding right- angled triangle ate the star is at elongation sin p cos p cosh, Sim A 6 = = —~+— ip Sot Ga) sin.c cos ¢ cos A,=cos p sin h, a a 3) jon (4) (1) x (3) — (2) x (4) gives sin z sin (A,—A)=cos p sin p 2 sin® B(h,—h) (5) This is an exact equation, but is unsuitable as it stands for use in reduction cf observations. sin p sin A . Putting a , (5) may be written sin z sin h sin (4,—A) 2 sin? 4 (h, —h) sin 4 : sin h : 2 sin? 4 (h, — h) or, writing y = cos p | sin h sin A, cot A—cos A,=y A, is constant, and therefore A may be regarded as a function of y. 46 Differentiating, we have 1 dA —sin A, = yl sn?A dy dA ies and—sin A, = 2 sm A coss A d y? dy Therefore, when y=o0 dA ad? A —— = — sin A, and = sin 2A... dy dy? and consequently, by Taylor’s Theorem cos p 2 sin? 4 (h, —h) cos? p2sin*$(h,—h) A=A,—sin A,—H———- + sin 2 A, sin h sin 1" sin? f sin 1” provided that A,—A is measured in seconds of arc. This is a convenient converging series for the determination of the difference between A and A,, in which the terms diminish so rapidy that in all ordinary work it is not neces- sary to take into account any term except the first. Thus, if the observations are made at a place in latitude 30°, on a star with a polar distance of 30°, and are continued for fifteen minutes of time on each side of elongation, the extreme value of h—h,=3° 45’. The corresponding value of the first term in the series then works out at 229”, or 3’ 49”, and that of the second term at less than 3”. If ¢—¢,=30 minutes, or h—h,=T7° 30’, then under the same conditions the first term=902" and the second term only 54”. With the same polar distance and in the same latitude, the lmiting value for t—?t,, in order that the second term may not be greater than 1”, is about 19 minutes. On repeating the calculations for a place in latitude 20°, and again for a place in lati- tude 40°, it is found that in neither case does the limiting value of ¢—¢, differ by more than a minute from the value previously found if the second term in the series is to be less than 1”. It thus appears that, even if the mathematical reduction of each single observation is to be correct within 1” of are, it is sufficient to use only the first term of the series if the observations extend over a period of about 19 minutes on each side of the elongation. The average of the whole series may be correct within this limit, even if the time extends over a considerably longer period, because the error in reduc- tion will exceed 1” only in the case of the extreme observations. 47 A further considerable simplification would be made in the reduction if it were possible to treat the denominator as constant and write sin hf, instead of sin h. With any single observation the error made, if this is done, may be considerable. For instance, at a place in latitude 30°, if p=30°, for an observation made 15 minutes before elongation, the difference made in the value of the second term, when sin /, 1s written in the denominator instead of sin h, is about 5”, whilst for an observation made 30 minutes before elongation the difference is about 35". But, if we have a series of fairly well-balanced observations made both before and after elongation, the values of A range fairly evenly on each side of h,, and on averaging up the set there will be very little difference whether we use / or h,, the difference being generally of the order of 1”. So that in such a case it is usually quite suffi- cient for the surveyor to use h, instead of h. We may then make a further slight simplification by putting sin A, cos p f wan! Al eos") p sin h, PRACTICAL COMPUTATION. We therefore conclude that, for the ordinary work of the surveyor, a series of well-balanced observations extending to about half an hour on each side of elongation on any circum- polar star may be reduced to a series of observations at elongation by the formula 2 sin? $ (h,—/h) A,—Az=tan A, cos? p ——____ zit 7:G6) sin al in which 4,—A is given in seconds of arc. If, however, only one or two observations are to be reduced, as may be the case if the star at elongation has been obscured by clouds, or the observations are badly balanced and have been made mostly on one side of elongation, or if the greatest possible degree of accuracy is required in the computations, the formula used should be cos p 2 sin? 4 (h,—h) | pays ee oy 2 EE ste eile 0 0 E ( ) sin f sin 1” This form may be obtained directly from (5) by considering A,—A as a small angle so that the sine may be written equal to its circular measure. | 48 If it is required to make the computation within 1” then, for observations more than 18 minutes from elongation, the value of 4,—A given by formula (7) should be corrected by being decreased by the amount cos? p 2 sin* 4 (h, —h) sin 2 4, ———_________ se Uaata LP) sin? h sin 1” 2 sin? 4 (h, —h) As the expression -—_---—-—— has to be evaluated in sin 1” the reduction of circum-meridian observations for latitude, tables of the values of the expression and its logarithm have been prepared, and are available in Chauvenet’s Astronomy, Close’s Trigonometrical Surveying, and other works. Similar 2 sint $ (h, —h) tables for —————————— are also available. The computa- sin 1" tion by any one of these formulae is much facilitated by the use of these tables. Five-figure logs. are sufficient. 2 sin? 3 (h,—h) Writing tan A, cos? p=B, m:-= ————— 3; said” (6) becomes A,—A=B™m, where B is a constant. Thus for each observation we get A4,=4+8H m, and, averaging the whole series, mean value of A,=mean value of 4 + B x mean value of m. Therefore, mean angle between R.M. and star at elongation = mean observed angle between R.M. and star +B x mean value of m. EXAMPLE. In the following example the method is applied to the reduction of a series of observations taken by Mr. Calder, surveyor, upon Canopus near elongation :— Star observed—Canopus. Place—Rendelsham. Right Ascension—tbh. 22m. 06s. Batetude—37° 32' 40. S8 Declination—52° 38' 43” S. Longitude—9h. 20m. 40s. E. Date—December 9, 1914. Standard Meridian—9h. 30m. E. eee ee EE Face. 49 CoMPUTED VALUES. Standard time at elongation—9h. 45m. 32s. p.m. A,=49° 55’ 44" h,=54° 04’ 50" Object. Mean Vernier Readings on Horizontal Circle. Ee db EE dd Hl ce) Observation. § | | beni) Dae.) 8: 16 | 00 | .9 | 82 | 44 15 | 15) Sola | OT 131/45 | 91] 38 | 25 13 a 9 | 40 | 15 12115 | 9} 48 | 05 122/45) 9/45/11 12 |s4a6 | 9 | 48 | 40 13 | 15 | 9 | 50 | 55 16 | 45| 9 | 58 | 17 a Me 10 | O1 i Standard Time Interval of - Corres- Mean T i between | ponding renee in Sidereal Wiowatiou, Time, m..|. 8. | Mm. | 8 | 12°| 487) 12°" 50 Cor Oe thE | OB 2 | 97 2 | 27 21 | 21 | 3 | 08 3 {09 5| 23) 5 | 24 12 | 45 | 12 | 47 BS fh 42Br 15: oak | Solving by means of (6), we obtain from the tables :— t,—t m m 8 Uj 12: 56 Wis We LO. 57 235°4 7 08 99°9 5 18 me! aah 11°8 at 0°2 3 09 19°5 Se: a a ees AG 320°8 $5... 31 472°6 10 ) 1595°8 Mean value of m 159°6 log tan A, = 10°07509 log cos? p = 9°80062 log 1596 = 2°20303 log 120 » LOTTA Pee = 120° 50 ,mean value of angle between R.M. and star at elongation = 83°14! 21° — 2” 08 se. ee The computation by means of the more accurate formula (7) is rather longer. B = sin A, cos p and m = In this case we write 2 sin? $ (h, —h) sin A sin 1” and work on the same lines as before. To illustrate the method the computation in this case is also worked out as follows :— | log m Neen ee EEE | enn En en ene eee 2 sin? 4 (ho —h) | = differ- tu—t hy-h h log Fe | log sinh ence of two m sin | | | preceding See Ww a Wa | _ columns. | | ales | | m.|s.|° r | " | ° | ber , | 12 | 50/3 | 12/30! 57 | 17 | 20 12°50960 9°92501 | 2°58459 | 384°2 10 | 57 | 2| 44 | 15 | 56 | 49 | 05 12°37178 9°92269 | 2°44909 | 281°5 7|08|1/ 47 | 00 | 55 | 51 | 50 11°99958 9°91788 | 2°08170 | 120°7 5118/11/19 | 80 | 55 | 24 | 20 11°74157 9°91550 | 1°82607 67°0 2 | 27 36 | 45 | 54 | 41 | 35 11:07136 9°91173 | 1915963 | 144 ; 21 | 5 | 15 | 54] 10| 05 9°38117 9°90888 | 1°47229 0°3 8/09] - | 47 | 15 | 53 | 17 | 35 11°28965 9°90401 | 1:38564 | 243 5 | 24| 1} 21 | 00 | 52 | 43 | 50 11°75780 990080 | 1°85700 | 71°9 12| 4713) 11 | 45, 50} 53] 05 12°50621 9°88979 | 2°61642 | 413°4 15 | 31 | 3 | 52 | 45 | 50 | 12 | 05 12°67446 9°88553 | 2°78893 | 61o°1 10 ) 1992°8 Mean value of m 199 log cos p = 9°90031 log sin Ay, = 9 S8ae0 log 199 = 22988) log 121 = 2°08296 Boa 121" =O “,mean value of angle between R.M. and star at elongation =63° 14’ 21¢=22""01" =83o—- 42’ 20" The difference between the results of the two calculations is so small that clearly the more simple approximate method is quite sufficient for the surveyor. If the computation be made for the last four observations only, the difference between the results of the two methods amounts to 8”, and for the last observation alone the difference is 19”. For the surveyor it is only necessary to use the more accurate method of calcu- lation for unbalanced observations at a considerable time from elongation. — S| 51 THE EFFECT OF AN ERROR IN THE TIME. In the final reduction of the results we sum up a number of terms of the form (6), and since h,—h is a small angle we may practically take each term to be of the form / x’, where k is a constant and ~« is the difference in time between elonga- tion and the observation. Taking the mean of a number of evenly distributed terms of this form is equivalent to finding the mean value of the ordinate to the curve y=/ x”. The observations may thus be represented by a parabolic curve as in the figure, the ordinate P V at any point representing the correction 4,—A corresponding to an observation made at a time from elongation represented by O 1. ¥ A A, O vo oe, It the observations extend evenly over a time, a, on each side of elongation (from 4 to #), the mean value of the ordinate y is Bien? ke a? veh | }: p2 ad Gy == = a or 3 a If, however, there is an error, 7, in the time, the obser- vations will really extend from 4, to B, (from a—# on one side ‘to a+6 on the other), and the computed mean value of the ordinate will be 1 +6 k a —lkavrdua= + fe 67 Qa- eee | 3 The error in the computed azimuth will thus be k& 6?, varying as the square of the error in time. 52 We have already computed that in latitude 30°, with a star having a polar distance of 30°, the value of is 62=p8' 49", if h=15 min. Therefore, if under these conditions of obser- vation the error amounts to 1’, the value of b= Va ~15=76 min. If the error=1", the value of b= /~—x15=1 min. It thus appears that, provided the observations extend evenly over an equal time on each side of elongation, there is no need for the surveyor to know the local time with great precision, an error of 1 minute in the time producing an error of only about 1” in the azimuth. But if the observations do not extend on each side of elongation the case is different, and a more accurate know- ledge of the time is essential. Suppose, for instance, that the observations are all on one side of elongation, extending from o to a, the mean value of the ordinate to the curve is then 12 ne = | bod 2 =k = ie 3 O If, however, there is an error. !), in the time, the com- putation will extend from 6 to a+6, and the computed mean value of the ordinate is 1 -2+6 e —|3 ean = kh (— + ab 170") a-ph 3 The error here amounts to k 6 (a+6). If 6 is 1 min. and a is 15 min., the error=16 & and under the same circumstances as before will=16", being 16 times as great as when the observations extend for 15 min. on each side of elongation. Where an accurate determination is sought, the investi- gation shows the desirableness of obtaining a series of observations distributed as evenly as possible on each side of elongation. Seconp MetuHop, HorizontaL ANGLE AND ALTITUDE BEING NoTED AT EACH OBSERVATION. With the same notation as before, the star being in any position, we have cos p=cos ¢ cos z+Sin ¢ Sin z cos A »» this becomes cos p=cos c cos (2,+ #)+sin c sin (z,+ 2) cos A p, ¢, and z, being constants, this equation gives A as an implicit function of z. Writing r=z-—z 3 Or Differentiating the equation three times in succession, the work being rather long but quite straightforward, we find that when «=o ad A ee 76) ad x d* A cot p aa sin 2 0 eA 3 cob, 7. cos. 2, ax Sime, Therefore by Taylor’s Theorem cot p (z—2z,)? cot pcos z, (z—2z,)” - sin 1" + ————— ginger 2 sin? z, 2 d=A,— 0 sin? 1" (9) provided that A,—A and z—z, are expressed in seconds of are. To get some idea of the relative values of the terms in this series, we find, if the star observed has a polar distance of 30° and the latitude is also 30°, then z,=54° 44’ 09", and if z—z,=1°, the second term works out at 66” and the last term to 0°8". If z=z,=2° the values become 264” and 6” respectively. The last term in (9) is equal to COs? p COS C (z—z,)° SS — >< sin p (cos* p —cos? c) 2 sin2 th! and has therefore an infinite value if p=c, in which case the star passes through the zenith. This is clearly of no practical importance. The following are the values of the last terms in different latitudes for a star 30° distant from the celestial pole, if 2—-2,=1°:— g@l’: Latitude. Value of last term in (9). 50° on es ae ee 35” 40° a ee ei, ov iia 30° Pe saute ae ee 0°8" 20° bss a ioe be 0°4" 105 ‘ oe one Me 0°2" 0° dee 0" If z—z,=2° the preceding values should be multiplied by 8. Cot I It follows, therefore, that for the ordinary work of the surveyor the correction involved in the last term of the series is quite negligible for observations extending over a range of altitude of 2°, or 1° on each side of elongation, provided that the star does not pass within 10° of the zenith. At places near the equator the observations may clearly extend over a very much greater range of altitude with the same degree of precision. To determine over what range of time the observations may extend, we find on differentiating the equation cos z=cos ¢ cos p+sinc sin p cos h Ga sin ¢ sin p sin h that = ——______— = sin p for a star at elonga- dh sin 2 tion. This syeitap—o0e Thus the rate of change of altitude at elongation does not depend on the latitude, but simply on the polar distance of the star, and for a star distant 30° from the pole we have dh=2d 2 Therefore; 1f°d g=1°,d-h=120' Jot are... or 7G minuesson time, the altitude of the star near elongation thus changes by 1° in about 8 minutes. For stars closer to the Pole the time taken for the same change of altitude will be greater. PRACTICAL COMPUTATION. We conclude that for a set of observations extending over a range of altitude of about 2°, or 1° on each side of elonga- tion, occupying, in the case of a star with a polar distance of 30°, about 16 minutes of time, it is amply sufficient to use the formula cot p (z-z,)? el sin 1” sgh rene (0), sin z Ve It should be noticed that the error made by the use of this formula in the final reduction of a set of observations will be very much less than the error made in the reduction of the single observation furthest from elongation. We have based the stated limitations upon the error made in the reduc- tion of the single observation, so that for a complete set of observations the time occupied may be extended somewhat beyond the limits given above. In low latitudes the observa- tions may extend over a greater range than in high latitudes. In latitude 10°, for instance, the observations may extend over half an hour, and formula (10) will still give the average result of the set of readings correct within less than 1”. 0 55 If the range of altitude is too great, or it is desirable to compute 4,—A with the greatest precision possible, then this value must be reduced if z>>z,, or increased if z (31) It appears to be absent from Tasmania. 112 syyjooasod Sis wa)]tajoU SUJOIUNID WAY sdaoynd 81.0091) S1)0.4 81D DADLIUING 1wUayyDo povujny pYydo sadisspLa sdojpbaw pyDjNnbungns vyduowfijod vsopd "BIZATO JO YFPIM 4So}VoIdG Ol} UBT[} SSO] PALYJ-ouo ySOW 4B XBIOYJOIG “WU BIgA[O JO YFPIM ysojyvoais OY} J[VY UBY} VIOUL ATODTBVOS XBIOYIOId ‘aseq puv snedaAjo useMmjoq soungound qourysip YIIM pBop{ “7+ eingns [eed4yo Y}IM peyoouuo0d UOISserduE JOUT}SIP B YIM 90V IT Aa : UoIsso1dwUL peqyouUOdSIP MOT/VYS B YJIM oR * “9.10 Ul SpuTAetGes a “* 9£9 UB JO IOJOWIVIP OSIOASUBI} OY} UY} SSso[ SeAo UDAMJOG BDULASTC, ° ‘aseq IvduU OF OINgNS [v edAjo worj OS JsoW][e 10 9}7e}0uUnNd UTI Hire y ‘peanojoo Ajw4OjtUn ssoy 10 eLou AT;Vnsn pue “yeu [VUIpNyisuo], YuVp einosqo ouo YIM ysour 4B WOIZATO You cm xoedev rou 0} osvq WO} SnONUIZUOD Y4FANOF Jo UOTyVoOsNjuyT * uvtpeurysod puv 4LOYS oo14s10ZUL YJANo} Jo uolzeosnjuy : ‘YIVUL [VUIPN}ISUO, YAVp oOUO ULYY GLOW YZIM UOAZATO Youn “4 ‘6 Ul uvy} 1eMOtIvU AT[eNsN pue JoT[eusg “BD a es 2004 ATo.11} U9 qsouye Biya “YY see see see ered BIPATY “y ‘qsnqor pue osiey “6 ‘ynoysno1y4 eal qou BIZAjo puv XBIOYAOIg A}101103s0d JOTVUS YONU SuLuLOdeq eBIIZS Ul soInzoUNg ‘ff ‘xode 0} JOUIYSIP Pu SUOIJS OVLIYS UL SoInjgOUN, ‘“f ‘qnoysno1y} yorlq eaydjo pue XBVIOY}OId * MOY} UEOMJOG UOISSOIGUT [VUIPNALSUOT YOUTySIP B YYLA “O'Bre] JI “10 JO][VUIS SOAGT op Woy} UWedMj0q UOIsserdu [eUIpHyISuUo, OU pueB ‘10490804 OeSOTO ‘odIe] ATOA SOA “P ‘seangound LORTST Re Sef te en0ut YIM XBIOyJOLg °99 : Be oyByoundul xe1oyjorg ‘9 ‘gsoungound yons ynoyyIm xe10yjolg *qq oe ag en SepIs puev oseq ynoqge seinyound ‘poi04yeos AjrepNSe1It ‘os1v0o FIM (S104}O: OF UOIJIppe UL) xBI1oOy,OIg “q ‘snorqe]s oovsans-1eddQ ‘Dp Arey vovyans-1eddy “Dp ere eee vee eee vee eee eee eee eee eee ‘xode 0} oseq WO} poyelsys wnuteyso1d fo seplg “V 113 SIUWIAUADA DZDAO qavd ul ‘sapsawny ULLOF [VIIA 44 ‘MADr_prwip syporizsod waof peordAy ‘sanordp srwuadiord v sasaphiznjd sypusaysord DAG uorpau stuuadiany pouydyya vadoo (d) Stuortapus avhivu s1aa.ug ‘yrvp Alottyue (peydeoxe souryouros xodev pue sepis oy}) VaZAty “AA ee ate * SuOl SB oplIM Sv 9OIM} ULYY SSE] XBIOYJOIg *99 * BUOT SB OPIM SB OOIM} ULYZ OLOUL ATGBALOpISUOD XBIOYYOIg *9 ‘soanjgound 4ourjsip yytm ungouoig *qq OS ysow[e JO o4y¥j0undWI wnyouclg ‘4 [Tews ATeA OZIg *2z U90I8-OT][ejeW JOU SSUTyAVU YaVq “yy US9IS-Ol][VJOU SSaj 10 91OU B JO BIXZATO JO SSuIyaeU Yyreq “VY ‘ODIV] OZIG °Z ‘ojed aseq oy} Jo uorzz0d ysvo] ye Y{IM BaydT “A ‘por YIM pozn[ip ATotnNosqo SouIrpyouOS st xodv¥ oy} 7VY} Ydooxe ‘yap AToITyUe WINZOUOIg “Gg ; ‘GhOYSNOIY} pezyVrsys Jou wnudseqysord Jo sopig "yy SepIs UO Jade, ATJOUTZSIp sornzound o1lovLoyAOIg “xx nae oe ne was “ ostp uo wey SepIs SpuvMmo} Jodie, Ajeorvos soanqgound o1oei0y}olg “x ‘L0Y}950} VSO[D JOyyBI SoA “aa yov[q jou xvioyyorg ‘mm via a oe or “ " yorlq xes0u.01g ‘Mm ‘queqysip Ajeyvsepou sed ‘a ‘o[pplw Url UeAD popuNod AT}JUED sSseyT JO 9L0UN SEepIg “nN YPSUS] ALOY} J[VY ySvo[ ye OJ poprs-feyjered vayATO JO soplg ‘nN ‘quBysIp Sse] YOnw seo jo uolyeiedeg “72 : eee toe see see eae AWC) UB JO 1OJOUIVIP OSIOASUBI} OY} UBYY O1OW seko JO uOTZeIVdeg °7 ‘Sso[s B8 TONS }noy4IM sovjans-1oddy ‘ss &s0[d YStuce1s snonordsuod & Y}IM sovjins-1eddy ‘s : ‘peuivun xesroyyoid jo sejsue quorg “dd #2 cy a YOns GRIM BIZAT “LL YIVU [V10JV] Yep os1V] wv sae VIVAL “ot ‘A[uO soungound y4yim peopx, “bd peinyound sv [Jom se pousaiseys prox “dD ‘pemie xvioyjyoid jo soysue quoig “d ‘ynoysno1y} snonoidsuo0d uoy4elsyg *o0o ' sqyred UL pouyop-][I 104381 Wnus0eyso1d JO UOT}eLIYG ‘Oo eee ene eee see DSOLOUL srUuLLofriun $2))09198SN HUD WI0J YuVp ‘vpoipriwep ULLOF YuVp “vynjngound suaidiwap DLYD Lusngyon7q | "IVA ‘pyvquiryoan{ ppvynzaundoasip ULIOJ | yeordséy ‘vpvquioajn{ vLayzv)0O any 114 (¢) oprzvu s1uwadra)nw1a va vaunhivo1bu "IBA ‘vaIvGQlaYy qavd ut ‘no1dou} qied ul ‘sipvawny saproorg|vYy set ae soinjyound pouysp Aydreys ynq |jeus YJ wNjouo.g zu es sounjgound Joulysipul puv [jews ATOA YALA wUnyouoIg x “orreqour Ajsnonordsuoa sso] 10 o10u 9vovjans-1edd yy) “Db "as ae" de pewuevun sojsue JUuOIW yy ig ae 2 cfs a pewie xvioyjzo1d jo sojsue yuolY ,. ‘SSO[S YSIN[G onsva v YIIM Jsoul yv oovjans-10ddy) */ ‘a10UL SOLD MEOMJoq V quenyuoos AjesmoasuvIy BIZATO JO OSBq VOL sarmjound Auep, ‘UIN[JeyNOS «vou seunzyound os1vod JO SMO UIA Baigaly “DD 2 “ee “+ ggunqgound os1voo jo SMOI JnOyLM BaIPATGT “PD ponvnjb ‘OUI] UBIPOUL V[qQ90F Bw YIM JSOU FB PvoHy Mahal sdaaissatiduy sae plese eins oseq 0} oul, UBI POUT BuUOIIS B YIM PvaP “a ‘peyngiaystp ApUIoJrun soueoseqnd RAZA 4» swquiynt e iP ra “+ qorssoidep MO][eys Opia B UFIM YLT +4 1Z9al2 *** VOAOJF AV[NOILD [[VWS V FIM O[vuT Jo UoWMOpge fo quowsoes UII 4 ‘poynqriaiystp Ajuoxrun Jou soudvsoqnd |[VIzA[y ‘UOISBIGV eLoJoq Jourzsip seinqzound ofovsoyyord *00 Danas °° “+ YOIsBiqge a1oyoq eTqvaovay} ATIpved Jou soingound o1ovi0yjorig ‘0 197 Notes on TABLE. In treating certain parts as more or less reddish all the various paler shades (reddish-brown, reddish, flavous, testaceous, etc.) are included, and all the metallic ones are excluded. The metallic colours of the species of Hdusa are so variable, amongst the majority of species, that they are almost useless for the identification of single specimens of any species, by means of tables; although with long series of some species certain definite colours are occasionally found to be more or less constant. A. d. On ziczac the elytra at first, even to the naked eye, appear to have a zig-zag fascia due to nude spaces, but on close examination the fascia is seen to be due to the pubescence there being darker than on the adjacent parts. AA. On melanoptera the prothorax is slightly metallic, and on abdominalis the metallic gloss is sometimes but little in evidence. B. The species here mostly correspond to the first B of Blackburn’s table, and free use has been made of some of his divisions, although they cannot all be maintained; the clothing, for instance, is so liable to abrasion that to rely upon it for partially abraded specimens would lead to confusion. AA. h. That the specimens identified by Blackburn as varipes of Boisduval will eventually be regarded as represent- ing a variety of distincta I think is possible, but it is at least a typically coloured variety, differing also in the size of its prothoracic punctures from the larger specimens of that species; although from the smaller ones the colour only can be relied upon. I do not purpose here, however, treating distincta (the later name) as a variety or synonym of varipes, as the identification of that species from its original descrip- tion (7) can only be a matter of guesswork, and was evidently so regarded by Blackburn. Standing under the name in his collection was a specimen sent by Chapuis as Hdusa australis, Hope (evidently an M.S. name). But till further informa- tion is forthcoming it seems desirable to recognize the_species, identified by Blackburn as varipes, to be such. AA. mm. To see this clearly the tibiae must be examined from the sides. AA. 7. The concavity here referred to is not the curva- ture of the tibia, but a conspicuous irregular depression bounded by narrow walls. (71) Aenea, plicato-rugulosa; elytris pilis albis prostratis sub- fasciculatis ; subtus aeneo-pilosa. 198 BB. On griffith: the labrum is darker than on the majority of specimens referred here, but it is entirely with- out gloss. C. All these species also have the apex of the labrum more or less distinctly incurved to middle, except on flavipes. D. These species have the front femora either unarmed, or with the teeth so minute that they could easily be over- looked ; quite possibly some of the species that I have regarded as having entirely unarmed femora will be found eventually to have feebly armed ones, but I have examined them care- fully from all directions and could not see any. A _ slight amount of dust, gum, or grease, however, easily obscures them; but of every species here tabled some specimens have been examined entirely free from cardboard. And here it might be pointed out that with many species the teeth cannot be seen on small specimens when ‘“‘set’’ in the ordinary way, even when the teeth are of fairly large size. With the legs hunched together, as they usually are on small unset specti- mens, or on pinned ones, they are normally concealed. D. a. I cannot regard the tooth on pavens as distinct; by Blackburn it was tabled as having front femora ‘‘widely angulate but not with a distinct tooth.” In general appear- ance it is extremely close to viridipennis and evanescens, but the longer hairs on the elytra appear to be distinctive. y. To use this character the elytra are best viewed from an oblique hind direction; from straight above, in front, or even sometimes from perpendicular to the sides, the longer hairs are often not conspicuous, owing to their backward slope. For specimens that have at any time been mounted on their backs, or that show evidence of abrasion, it had better not be used. D. 6. Usually the whole femora are black, and sometimes metallic as well. D. d. Setipennis is obviously closely allied to griffithi, but as its elytral clothing is certainly different to that of that species, and I can find no femoral tooth from any point of view, I am compelled to regard it as distinct. On griffith: the femoral tooth, although not large in itself, is rendered conspicuous by the angulation of the femur. D. dd. On one specimen of viridifrons the femora, except at extreme base, are entirely reddish, but on six others they are as tabled. D. e. Such a depression is to be found on many other species of the genus, and although seldom sharply defined it is very useful in distinguishing closely allied forms, and with a little experience is quickly detected. 199 D. g. This would appear to be a thoroughly untrust- worthy character, but it is quite distinctive of six specimens that I refer to the species, and all'‘of the eighteen specimens belonging to D. gg. have the elytra of a uniform shade through- out; moreover, where (as on some of the larger species) the elytra are partly brassy and partly green, it is the sutural portion that is green. D. h. The characters given for D. h. and D. hh. are sufficient to distinguish the specimens before me, but it is doubtful if they can be maintained when many are known, although (with the exception of inermis) I have not less than five of each to judge from. F. rr. Aureoviridis would possibly have been tabled by Blackburn as having the ‘‘anterior femora widely angulate but not with a distinct tooth.”’ FF. These hairs or setae are usually more distinct towards the base and apex than in the middle. K. This is especially evident on fresh specimens. M. In Blackburn’s table swaveola and perplexa were first noted (D.D.D.) as having “‘anterior femora with a well- defined tooth,’’ and later (1.), ‘“‘tooth on anterior femora ex- ceptionally small.’’ As a matter of fact, the tooth itself, although small, forms the pinnacle of an angular enlargement of the femur, so that it is very conspicuous. EDUSA VIRIDICOLLIS, Lef. A very beautiful but variable species, with shagreened head and prothorax. These on the commoner forms are green, or coppery-green, or blue; on such specimens the elytra are brassy, or brassy-green, or brassy-red or purplish. But on many specimens the whole of the upper-surface is more or less brassy, or purplish, or brassy with purplish reflections. On the elytra there are numerous long hairs scattered about, and the pubescence has a distinctly lined appearance. On fresh specimens each elytron is seen to have eight lines (indistinct, however, towards the base), the first and eighth are joined at the apex, the second joins the third at about one-fourth from the apex, and later these join the conjoined fourth and fifth, and still later the conjoined sixth and seventh ; a slight amount of abrasion, however, renders the junctions inconspicuous. On the prothorax a feeble remnant of a median carina is occa- sionally traceable. EDUSA GERMARI, Lef. Two specimens from Wellington (New South Wales) probably belong to this species, the type of which was evidently afemale. The hind femora are angularly inflated, but scarcely 200 dentate. The male differs from the female in having the abdomen glabrous along the middle, with the apical segment impressed on each side; the hind tibiae are of very different shape, and the first joint of each tarsus is more noticeably inflated. In Blackburn’s table the species would be associated with spinicollis, but the male differs from the male of that species, as also of distincta, in the hind tibiae having the apical portion longer, the excavation of the apical slope not bounded behind by a conspicuous tooth, and the middle of the tibiae more conspicuously dilated on the under-surface; the basal segment of abdomen is also different. The hind tibiae are suggestive of those of chrysura, but the apical slope is some- what shorter, less flattened out, less shining, and not longi- tudinally concave on the lower surface, and on that species there is no trace whatever of the median inflation. From varians it also differs in the apex and middle of the hind tibiae. EDUSA CHRYSURA, Germ. Pl. viii., figs. 109-111. This species appears to be confined to South Australia and the western parts of Victoria. EDUSA SUTURALIS, Chp. Pl. viu., fig. 112. This species occurs in New South Wales and Victoria, as well as in South Australia. EDUSA VIRIDIPENNIS, Boh. Many specimens from Sydney and near same (Galston and National Park) probably belong to this species, but differ from the description in having the front femora armed, the tooth, however, is so small that it could easily be overlooked, and it is invisible from most directions. The clypeus was described as “rufo-testaceis,’ but almost certainly (as with the similarly described puberula and evanescens) it was the labrum that was meant. The elytra of the females vary from bright-green, through golden-green, to golden. EDUSA EVANESCENS, Boh. The femora of this species were also described as unarmed, but on the front pair a very minute tooth (appearing like a speck of dust) is visible from certain directions; but it is so extremely small that it is invisible from most directions, and distinct from none. The male (as also the male of the preceding species) has a small median fovea on the fifth abdominal segment. ‘ 201 EDUSA PUBERULA, Boh. Typical specimens of this species have the upper-surface entirely green, or golden-green ; occasionally the elytra are golden-green and prothorax green, sometimes the entire upper- surface is more or less brassy. On fresh specimens the sides of the prothorax have a hoary appearance, owing to the clothing there being distinctly paler than on the disc; on old or greasy specimens, however, this is not so noticeable. Four females from Sydney have the head (except muzzle), prothorax, and elytra of a uniform and beautiful golden-red, and the clothing rather denser than usual. Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney, National Park, Shoal- haven, Forest Reefs, Jenolan, Blue Mountains, Mittagong, Galston, Hillgrove, Tamworth, Clarence River; Queensland: Brisbane. EDUSA AUREOVIRIDIS, Clark. There are two specimens (from Albany and Perth) of a species in the Museum from Blackburn’s collection, and bear- ing his name-label, “aureoviridis, Clark”; but although received by him five years prior to the date of his table they were not included in same, possibly from some doubt as to their identification. They differ from the description in having the elytra fairly densely clothed throughout, not ‘“‘laevia versus apicem subtiliter pubescentia” ; the elytra as a rule are also but feebly rugose, the punctures being practically all isolated. Till evidence to the contrary is forthcoming, how- ever, I shall regard these specimens as being correctly identified, as possibly the type was somewhat abraded and with stronger sculpture than usual.(72) The species so identified is widely distributed in Western Australia, and is usually green, but varies to almost entirely golden-red, and golden-violet ; some specimens have the head, prothorax, and scutellum more or less golden, and the elytra golden-green. One green male has the elytral pubescence forming fairly distinct stripes, although these are less conspicuous than on lineata and viridi- collis ; a golden female has the stripes still less conspicuous. The front femora have a small tooth at the apex of a widely angulate median portion. The male (I have taken a pair in cop. on the Swan River) differs from the female in having the fourth segment of abdomen depressed in middle, and the fifth with a wide and fairly deep impression ; the basal joint of the four front tarsi is also distinctly inflated. From some direc- tions each of the hind femora appears to have a feeble but (72) An abraded male in the Macleay Museum agrees fairly well with the description. 202 polished groove in which portion of the tibia can rest, the groove bounded on one side by a feeble ridge. . A brassy male, compared with the type of setosa, and sent for examination by Mr. Arrow, agrees perfectly in all struc- tural details with several males that I refer to awreoviridis. EpuUSA PAVENS, Blackb. Of this species only the type (a female) was previously known. It was described as having ‘‘femoribus anticis late angulatis vix dentatis,” and so tabled. There are before me numerous specimens from Western Australia (Donnybrook, Geraldton, Mount Barker, Swan and Warren Rivers) that probably belong to the species. From certain directions their front femora appear to be evenly rounded, from others rather widely angulate, but from others a small and quite distinct tooth is visible. The male differs from the female in being decidedly smaller (2 mm. only), green or golden-green, and on the under-surface somewhat brassy-green. The legs are stouter, fifth abdominal segment with a small median fovea (with a shining central space), and the longer hairs on the elytra less conspicuous. EDUSA DIVERSICOLLIS, Blackb. Pls viisg fie 164. A female of this species in the Macleay Museum is labelled as from Sydney,(%) and is rather more uniformly golden-red than is usual; the species is readily distinguished by its un- armed front angles of prothorax and elongate form. EDUSA FROGGATTI, Blackb. Apparently this species was described from a unique female, (74) whose colour was stated to be almost as in chrysura.(7) Tts impunctate scutellum was relied upon as its most striking feature. I have seen no specimen of the larger pubescent species with the scutellum altogether without punc- tures; but a female of spinzcollis (7) before me has three small ones only ; it was taken in cop. with a male whose scutellum — has about a dozen. Both these specimens have the elytral (73) The locality needs confirmation. (74) The type is now in the British Museum; in Blackburn’s collection it was represented by a label only. (75) One of the most variable species of the genus. Specimens in the Museum are green, golden-green, golden-red, blue, purple, brassy and bronze, and with many intermediate shades or com- binations of shades. (76) Quite as variable a species as chrysura, and abundant on many parts of the Blue Mountains. 203 clothing in small clusters, whereas on froggattz it was described as not fasciculate. Many specimens of the metallic species, however, owing to partial abrasion appear to have the elytral clothing not fasciculate. Whilst not affirming that froggatt: should be treated as a variety of sgrnicollis, it appears to me that its specific differ- ences from that species (especially as regards the males) need to be demonstrated. EDUSA PERPLEXA, Blackb. var. laeta, Blackb. var. bella, Blackb. It appears to me that these three names should be treated as varietal ; bella was considered to differ from laeta by slight characters of the prothorax and abdomen. On the prothorax of a specimen labelled by Mr. Blackburn as bella a vague carina may be seen when viewed from an oblique direction; but its absence is not of importance. As regards the abdomen, it is to be remembered that specimens that have been carded for years, on being floated off do not regain the slight upward direction of the pubescence of fresh specimens, nor, unless the soaking is prolonged for some time, does all the gum disappear from the minute inequalities of the derm, consequently fresh specimens usually have the under-surface more shining than prepared old ones. In Blackburn’s table they were separated by the upper- surface of bella being ‘‘entirely green,’’ and of the others ‘‘not entirely green.’’ But one specimen labelled by him as bella has the prothorax of a purplish-blue. Perplexa(™ and suaveola were distinguished by ‘‘tooth on anterior femora exceptionally small,’’ as against ‘‘normally large’’ on laeta. As a matter of fact, the actual size of the tooth appears to be almost exactly the same on all the specimens I have examined of perplexa, laeta, bella, and suaveola, although the apparent size varies from almost every point of view. The commonest form of the species is the one named laeta, but as it was named on the following page to that of perplexa it must be treated as varietal, and perplera (a rather rare form) as typical. The suture and sides are generaly blue (or violet), as are the shoulders occasionally. On the elytra the clothing sometimes has a vaguely striped appearance, and in Blackburn’s table this might be regarded as associating such specimens with lineata and aenea. One male has the head, except in front, prothorax, and scutellum brassy, and elytra green; another has the head, prothorax, and scutellum green, and elytra (77) There is a co-type in the Museum. 204 golden-green. I have only seen one male that could be re- garded as having an obsolete carina on the prothorax ; on all the others, and on all the females, it is altogether absent, or represented by a short, feebly-shining line, scarcely the length of the scutellum. The fifth segment of the abdomen is strongly incurved to middle, and across the narrowed portion there extends a shallow depression, but deepened at its ends. The female differs from the male in having the basal joint of the four front tarsi less dilated, the fifth segment of abdomen with a fairly large fovea, and the basal one convex and sparsely clothed across the middle. It is sometimes coloured as laeta, but occasionally has the entire upper-surface green, or golden- green. Epusa DISTINCcTA, Blackb. Although not mentioned in the original description, the hind femora of this species (78) are distinctly dentate. Some specimens from Stanthorpe (Queensland) and Ben Lomond (New South Wales) may represent a variety of this species; the males have the hind tibiae more conspicuously angulate in middle; on the typical form the apex of each has a conspicuous curved tooth overhanging a semicircular notch, the notch itself longer than the space between it and the tip; on the variety the notch is only about half the length of the space between itself and the tip, and it is without an over- hanging tooth. EDUSA MEYRICKI, Blackb. Pilani; fie. 113! Two specimens (sexes) in the Macleay Museum labelled as from Western Australia appear to belong to this species; the male agrees well with the description, except that it is larger (24 lines). The elytral pubescence is as described by Blackburn, and its submaculate appearance appears to be natural. The female differs from the male in being larger (3 lines), more brassy, abdomen more convex, with fifth seg- ment elevated in middle of apex, hind tibiae somewhat different at apex, and basal joint of four front tarsi smaller. EDUSA SPINICOLLIS, Blackb. Pl. viii., fig. 115. A dark specimen of this species was in the Blackburn collection labelled as having been sent by Chapuis as varipes ; a similar specimen was also sent so named by Jacoby. The characters given in the table, however, will serve to dis- tinguish them from the species recognized as varipes by Blackburn. (78) There are two co-types and many other specimens in the Museum. 205 EDUSA BLACKBURNI, new name. Terillus suturalis, Blackb., n. pr. Terillus suturalis was doubtfully referred by Blackburn to Terillus. The species is a common one in Western Aus- tralia (Swan and Capel Rivers, Mount Barker, Donnybrook, Bridgetown, and Pinjarrah). Its femora are unarmed, but: it belongs to Hdusa, and there are several closely allied species with similarly unarmed femora. From /. suturalis (Chp.) it is distinguished by its unarmed femora, slightly (but con- sistently) smaller size, elytral clothing longer and without a trace of lineate arrangement, and prothoracic punctures dis- tinctly coarser. As the name swturalis was previously used in the genus Hdusa, I have to propose the above substitute. EDUSA MELANOSOMA, N. sp. Black, non-metallic; tip of clypeus, labrum, antennae (tip excepted), palpi, tarsi, and tips of femora and of tibiae more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with greyish-white pubescence, becoming mostly sooty on elytra. Head shagreened and punctures ill-defined, with a vague median line. Second joint of antennae stouter and more than half the length of third. /Prothorax shagreened; punctures fairly distinct on sides, but scarcely traceable elsewhere. Elytra with distinct but not very large punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly, and nowhere transversely confluent. Femora edentate. Length, 2? mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Forest Reefs (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3452. A small black species, not very close to any other known -to me. The type has a small median fovea .on the apical segment of its abdomen, so it is probably a male, although the basal joint of its front tarsi is not conspicuously inflated. EDUSA MONTANA, 0. sp. Q. Black, non-metallic; labrum, palpi (tip excepted), basal joints of antennae (the others partly or entirely infus- cated), femora, tibiae, and claw joints (but not the claws) more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with whitish pubescence. Head with dense and rather small but clearly defined punctures; median line distinct in front. Prothorax with slightly larger punctures than on head. Llytra with dense punctures of moderate size, becoming larger but not trans- versely confluent at about basal third (but not very large towards suture) and small on apical slope. Femora stout, unarmed. Length, 54 mm. 206 Hab.—New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko (W. E. Raymond). Type (unique), I. 3453. A deep black species entirely without metallic lustre, although shining, but appearing out of place amongst the small non-metallic ones; in appearance it is fairly close to melanoptera, but that species is considerably smaller and with a metallic gloss (although less noticeable than on most species). The type is evidently somewhat abraded. EDUSA ZICZAC, 0. sp. ¢. Reddish-castaneous, non-metallic, appendages (tip of antennae excepted) usually paler; extreme base of pro- thorax, scutellum, base suture and margins of elytra, and under-surface (flanks of prosternum excepted) black. Moder- ately clothed with stramineous pubescence, becoming white on under-surface and legs, but darker on a median zig-zag space on elytra. Head shagreened and almost impunctate, median line feeble. Second joint of antennae stouter and not much shorter than third. Prothoraz shagreened, punctures minute through- out but fairly distinct on sides. Hlytra with rather dense punctures, larger about basal third (except towards suture) than elsewhere, but not transversely confluent, and becoming small on apical slope. Abdomen glabrous along middle, apical segment with a small median fovea. Front femora angulate on lower-surface, but not dentate; basal joint of front tarsi distinctly larger than on other tarsi. Length (3, Q), 34-35 mm.: Q. Differs in having smaller eyes, abdomen more con- vex, not glabrous along middle, apical segment simple, legs thinner, and front tarsi with basal joints no larger than on other tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Armidale (Macleay Museum), - Tamworth, Forest Reefs, Queanbeyan (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3456. Allied to suturalis and blackburm. but elytra with a conspicuous, irregular median space, on which the clothing is sparser and darker than elsewhere, so that it has a dis- tinctly zig-zag appearance. EDUSA PALLIDIVENTRIS, Nl. sp. Pale-castaneous; non-metallic; appendages generally somewhat paler; suture usually very narrowly infuscated. Rather densely clothed with short stramineous pubescence, becoming white on under-surface, and denser on flanks of metasternum than elsewhere. 207 Head with dense and small, but fairly well --defined punctures; median line feeble or absent. Second joint of antennae stouter and not much shorter than third, and quite as long as fourth. Prothoraz with small and more or less concealed punctures. Hlytra with fairly dense and rather small punctures, nowhere transversely confluent. /emora edentate. Length, 34-32 mm. Hab.—South Australia (Macleay Museum): Morgan (Mrs. Kreusler), Murray Bridge (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3223. The sexual differences are much as on the preceding species, from which, and from all others of the genus, it is readily distinguished by its entirely pale under-surface. EDUSA ARAEOCEROIDES, 0. sp. 3. Reddish-castaneous, non-metallic, appendages (tip of antennae excepted) somewhat paler; under-surface (parts of sterna and tip of abdomen excepted) black; suture infus- cated. Moderately clothed with stramineous pubescence, be- coming paler on under-surface. Head shagreened, and with rather indistinct punctures ; median line faint. Second joint of antennae stouter and not much shorter than third. . Prothorax shagreened ; with minute punctures. Hlytra with dense and rather small punctures, becoming larger about basal third (except towards suture), but nowhere, transversely confluent. Abdomen glabrous along middle; apical segment with a median fovea. Femora eden- tate ; basal joint of front tarsi inflated. Length, 23 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Port Denison (Macleay Museum), Rockhampton ; New South Wales: Tamworth (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3224. In general appearance, at first glance, strikingly like some of the smaller species of A raeocerus (of the Anthribidae). Itis fairly close to blackburm, but is smaller, prothorax with punc- tures scarcely traceable before abrasion, and elytral punctures also smaller. On the type the elytral clothing appears to be slightly irregular, but this may be due to partial abrasion. EDUSA FUSCA, Nn. sp. Pl, vit. fig hie: 3. Of a dingy reddish-brown, prothorax somewhat darker; under-surface almost black. Rather densely clothed. Head shagreened and with dense but more or less con- cealed punctures. Prothorax shagreened, with minute punctures; front angles acutely dentate. Hlytra short, with some fairly large punctures at basal third, but elsewhere small, dense, and more or less concealed. Abdomen rather 208 short, with a glabrous median space margined with longer hairs along middle, fifth segment with a widely transverse impression, subfoveate in its middle. Femora stout, front pair strongly dentate ; hind tibiae compressed, apical half wide and subparallel-sided; basal joint of front tarsi inflated. Length, 5 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Forbes (H. J. Carter, from A. Stephens). Type, I. 3632. The antennae and tarsi of the type are almost wholly missing, and the surface is perhaps somewhat abraded, but the species being a very distinct one it has been described. The clothing on the head consists of dense and somewhat golden depressed pubescence, parted in the middle; on the prothorax and elytra most of the clothing is darker, but as these parts are more or less greasy, and as where the derm is clean the pubescence is similar to that of the head, it is probable that normally the entire pubescence of the upper- surface is more or less golden. The tooth of each front femur is placed so far back that it could be easily overlooked. The most conspicuous feature of the species is the great width of the hind tibiae, and these are not notched near the lower apex as on the male of swturalis. EDUSA CLYPEALIS, 0. sp. 3. Dark metallic coppery-green, head (clypeus ex- cepted), prothorax, suture, and parts of under-surface more or less brassy; labrum black, with a brassy gloss; antennae (tips of five apical joints excepted), palpi (tips excepted), and legs more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with whitish pubescence, on the elytra forming feeble lines, and no sparser towards suture than elsewhere. Head shagreened and with fairly dense but rather indis- tinct punctures; median line distinct and in front dilated; clypeus highly polished and minutely punctate. Prothorax shagreened, with small and well-defined but not very dense punctures. lytra with dense punctures of moderate size, becoming larger in places, and smaller posteriorly, about basal third many transversely confluent. Abdomen glabrous along middle; apical segment foveate. Front femora strongly dentate; basal joint of front tarsi strongly, of middle ones moderately inflated. Length (¢, Q), 5-6 mm. Q. Differs in being of a beautiful golden-red, clypeus more brassy than green, eyes smaller and less prominent, and in the usual particulars of abdomen and tarsi. (79) (79) Abdomen more convex, not glabrous along middle, apical segment not foveate, and front tarsi with basal joint not con- spicuously inflated. 209 Hab. — Western Australia (British and Macleay Museums); Geraldton (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3455. Rather smaller than the other species with metallic labrum, and elytral clothing uniformly distributed instead of being confined to the sides and apex; the clypeus is unusually conspicuous. The British Museum specimens are more obscurely coloured than the types, but otherwise agree with them. EDUSA ABDOMINALIS, Nn. sp. BL Waits fie. Pi . ¢. Black with a vague purplish or bronzy-gloss; labrum deep metallic-blue or brassy, palpi with basal joints flavous, antennae infuscated, basal joints more or less pale on under- surface, upper-surface of first metallic. Upper-surface with rather sparse whitish pubescence, condensed into small dis- tinct spots on elytra, but basal half of same in middle glabrous. Head shagreened, with dense and distinct but rather shallow punctures; median line narrow at base, dilated in front; clypeus depressed and minutely punctate. Prothorar with front angles rather acutely produced; with very dense punctures of moderate size, becoming larger towards sides, and frequently transversely confluent. Hlytra with dense and fairly large punctures, transversely confluent almost throughout, and very conspicuously so in places. Abdomen glabrous along middle, basal segment with a subtriangular apical process, apical segment rather shallowly transversely impressed at base. Femora stout, front pair strongly dentate, the others subangulate; hind tibiae with apical slope long, and with a conspicuous tooth overhanging summit of same; basal joint of four front tarsi conspicuously inflated. Length (3, 92), 64-74 mm. Q. Differs in hind tibiae with apical slope much shorter and without a tooth overhanging same, and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains (Blackburn’s collection), Braidwood, Loftus, National Park, Sydney (A. M. Lea), Port Stephens (British Museum), Sydney (Macleay Museum and HE. W. Ferguson). Type, I. 3457. In Blackburn’s table would be associated with spinicollis, from which it differs in its darker colour, darker legs, and different abdomen of male. On the male of the present species the basal segment has a conspicuous triangular space in the middle with numerous transverse striae, and the apex, when viewed from the side, appears as a pointed flap, considerably elevated above the adjacent parts. On spinicollis the median space is considerably wider, more rounded posteriorly, not elevated as a flap above (although somewhat higher than) the 210 adjacent parts, and very feebly (scarcely visibly) striated. The female is generally more conspicuously brassy than the male. EDUSA MONTICOLA, N. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 117. 3. Metallic brassy-green or greenish-blue ; under-surface brassy or bluish, labrum metallic, parts of antennae*more or less reddish. Elytra with small spots of whitish clothing about the apex and sides. Head densely and finely obliquely strigose, and with numerous subasperate punctures; a shallow transverse depres- sion between eyes, and from its middle (where it is rather deeper than elsewhere) a median line extending backwards to base. Prothorax with front angles acute; with dense punc- tures mostly conspicuously transversely confluent. Scwtellum transversely oblong, with a few small punctures. Hlytra with dense punctures, transverse sculpture very conspicuous except on parts of the apical slope. Abdomen glabrous along middle, basal segment finely transversely striated, middle of apex less metallic, fourth flat in middle, fifth irregularly depressed in middle, apex incurved for reception of pygidium. Front femora strongly dentate, hind ones moderately and obtusely, middle ones still more obtusely dentate; hind tibiae somewhat sinuous on lower-surface, apical slope rather long and. irregular. Length, 64-7 mm. Q. Differs in being more robust, hind tibiae with the apical slope much more abrupt and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3633. Close to spinicollis, but tibiae entirely metallic instead of reddish at the base, the hind ones of the male with the apical slope longer and the overhanging tooth less conspicuous. The basal joint of the antennae is metallic on the upper- and reddish on the under-surface, the three following joints are partly dark on the upper-surface; parts of the next two joints are subject to variation in colour. The head, and more especi- ally the clypeus, appears to be shagreened, but on close examination its finer sculpture is seen to be due to very fine striation. On the prothorax only some of the medio-apical punctures are separately impressed, elsewhere they so run together that the surface appears to be covered with fine trans- verse ridges, and these on close examination are seen to be strigose. The basal joint of each of the four front tarsi is alike in length on the sexes, but whilst that of the male is almost parallel-sided for at least three-fourths of its length, on the female it is narrowed from apex to base; the tooth of 211 the middle femora is feeble, and could be easily overlooked, but is alike on both sexes. Some specimens recently received from Dorrigo (W. Heron) show a range of metallic colours much as those of chrysura and spinicollis, but on all of them the femora and tibiae are entirely metallic. EDUSA RUFILABRIS, 0. Sp. d. Metallic-green, in parts with a brassy gloss, labrum and parts of appendages more or less reddish. With short, depressed, stout, whitish setae. Head with dense punctures of rather small size, becoming longitudinally and obliquely confluent, and smaller but more sharply defined on clypeus than elsewhere. Prothorax with dense but not very large punctures becoming more or less confluent on sides, interspaces with minute punctures; front angles feebly dentate. Scwtellum feebly punctate. Llytra very little wider than prothorax; with dense punctures, trans- verse sculpture conspicuous, except about suture and on parts of the apical slope. Abdomen with fourth segment flat in middle; almost as long as third and fourth combined, fifth shallowly depressed across middle. Front femora lightly dentate ; hind tibiae at apex rather wide and truncated: basal joint of four front tarsi somewhat inflated. Length, 6-64 mm. Q. Differs in the usual particulars of the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia. Type, in Macleay Museum ; co-type, I. 3634, in South Australian Museum. A large green species, but readily distinguished from most of the large ones by its non-metallic labrum. The tooth of the front femora, although small, is fairly conspicuous on account of its position. The clothing on the elytra is rather too thin to be regarded as scales, but considering it as such the species would be associated with griffithi, which struc- turally it is certainly very close to, but the elytra of that species are certainly squamose, and the abdomen of the male is not quite the same; the colour is probably not to be relied upon, but the three specimens before me all have green elytra, and those of griffitht are not at all green. On the female the upper-surface is without the brassy gloss, the under- surface of one male is mostly bronzy; parts of the first and of the fifth and sixth joints of antennae and the whole of the second to fourth are reddish, the apical joint of each palpus is infuscated, the femora are usually deeply infuscated in parts, and where darkest they have a metallic gloss; the tarsi are rather deeply infuscated. The males are evidently rather badly abraded, but the female appears to be normally 212 clothed, and on the elytra the pubescence is absent from a fairly wide sutural space on the basal two-thirds. The median line on the head is but feebly impressed, but on one male, owing to its being green, and the adjacent surface brassy, it is very conspicuous. , EDUSA ATRICHIA, 0. sp. d. Brassy-green, labrum and appendages reddish, but tip of antennae infuscated. Upper-surface glabrous. Head with crowded asperate punctures becoming obliquely or longitudinally confluent posteriorly, a shallow depression between eyes, median line feebly impressed. Prothorax with dense and rather large punctures, becoming still larger and denser on sides, the interspaces with minute punctures. Scutellwm semicircular, impunctate or almost so. LHlytra very little wider than prothorax; near suture with punctures sub- serilate in arrangement, becoming confined to deep striae on apical slope, elsewhere between conspicuous transverse or oblique ridges, these towards base encroaching even on the suture. Abdomen glabrous along middle, fourth segment dis- tinctly longer than third, and slightly longer than fifth, the latter shallowly depressed and purplish in middle. Front femora conspicuously but not strongly dentate; hind tibiae rather long, apical slope abrupt; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length, 74-8 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney. Type, in Macleay Museum ; co-type, I. 3635, in South Australian Museum. The three specimens before me (two of which were with- out labels of any kind) are entirely without elytral clothing even in the lateral gutters, so apparently they are not abraded ; one of them has the scutellum gently convex, highly polished, and impunctate; the others have it feebly depressed and faintly rugulose, although without distinct punctures. This is suggestive of froggatti, but the glabrous elytra and uniformly red legs should be distinctive from that species. Its nearest ally is plicata, which is somewhat smaller, with darker legs, smaller and denser prothoracic punctures, and even more pronounced transverse sculpture of elytra. In the table it is associated with chlorophana, although differing in many particulars from same. In general it is like members of the group with metallic labrum. One has the elytra almost entirely brassy, another has it almost entirely green, the third being intermediate. Seen directly from above the sides of the elytra appear to be slightly incurved behind the shoulders, but the margins themselves are not at all incurved there. The flanks of the prosternum are glabrous, and have numerous large punctures; the episterna are pilose, with 213 dense, partially concealed punctures and the front edge rather strongly rounded (as viewed from behind). EDUSA PLICATA, 0. Sp. 3d. Dark metallic brassy-green; labrum, palpi (tips darker), and basal portion of antennae reddish; legs metallic, but in places obscurely diluted with red. | Under-surface rather sparsely clothed, but with some long hairs along each side of middle of abdomen ; upper-surface glabrous. Head with dense and rather strong punctures, about base longitudinally confluent, in front larger and more clearly defined, becoming smaller and sparser on clypeus; median line deep in middle, feeble towards base and apex. Prothoraz rather strongly convex, front angles feebly produced; with dense, fairly large, and sharply defined punctures. Flytra suboblong; with dense punctures conspicuously transversely or obliquely confluent almost throughout. Abdomen glabrous along middle, but with some long hairs near same, apical segment transversely impressed. Femora stout, edentate ; hind tibiae spinose at lower apex; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length, 7 mm. Hab.—-North-western Australia (Blackburn’s collection, from C. French); Western Australia (British Museum, from Baly’s collection). Type, I. 3400. A glabrous species with transverse sculpture of elytra more pronounced than usual, many of the elevations separ- ating the punctures appearing to extend, with but feeble interruptions (sometimes entirely without any), from the suture almost to the margin, so that they have quite a corru- gated appearance; on the apical slope, however, there are a few irregular striae about the suture. Its right to a position in the genus is open to question, but it is certainly conspecific with several Hdusae of Blackburn. A female evidently belong- ing to this species (but from the old collection without locality label) differs from the type in being more conspicuously green, transverse sculpture of elytra less pronounced, although strong, only the tips of four apical joints of antennae dark, and in the sexual features of the abdomen and tarsi. EDUSA CHLOROPHANA, 0D. sp. Q. Bright metallic-green, some parts with a slight brassy gloss; labrum, tip of abdomen, and all the appendages (tip of antennae excepted) flavous. Under-surface very sparsely clothed, upper glabrous. Head with fairly dense, sharply defined punctures -of moderate size, becoming sparser and smaller on clypeus; 214 median line distinct in middle. Prothorax with sides evenly rounded, front angles gently produced; with rather large punctures, becoming crowded on sides. Slytra with sides gently and evenly rounded; with clearly defined punctures of rather large size, on basal half (but not about base itself) many transversely confluent, apical slope with small punctures and a few distinct subsutural striae. Front femora moder- ately dentate. Length, 34-33 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Comboyne (W. H. Muldoon). Type, I. 3458. The entirely glabrous upper-surface of this, and of the five following species, is strikingly at variance with the majority of species of Hdusa, but apart from this character they would appear to belong to that genus, and several glabrous species have previously been referred to it. The three specimens before me of the present one evidently belong to but one sex, as the abdomen is simple they are probably females, but the basal joint of each of the four front tarsi is rather longer than is usual on females. The prothorax has considerably larger and sparser punctures, especially on the disc, than on flavipes or podagrosa. Of four specimens recently obtained from Dorrigo (0) (W. Heron) three are males, and these differ from the type in having the fourth segment of abdomen larger, the fifth nar- rowly transversely impressed on each side, the basal joint of the four front tarsi larger, and the antennae somewhat longer ; five females (of which one is purple), also from Dorrigo, differ in being larger (44-44 mm.). All the Dorrigo specimens have the head more convex and with smaller punctures than on the type. EDUSA FLAVIPES, N. sp. Bright metallic-green; labrum, palpi (tips excepted), antennae (parts of five or six apical joints excepted), and legs (parts of tarsi excepted) reddish-flavous. Upper-surface glabrous, the under rather lightly pubescent. Head with fairly dense, well-defined punctures of moderate size, becoming small on clypeus; median line well impressed ; front of clypeus almost straight. Prothorax with sides evenly rounded, front angles moderately acute; with dense and sharply defined but rather small punctures. Hlytra with sides gently rounded; with dense and fairly large punc- tures, becoming smaller posteriorly and towards (but not at) base more or less transversely confluent. Front femora strongly dentate. Length, 32 mm. Hab.—Victoria (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 3174. (80) Near Comboyne. 215 Readily distinguished from glabra by the punctures. One specimen has the basal joint of the front tarsi more strongly inflated than on another, so it is probably a male, but I have been unable to clean its abdomen sufficiently well to see the apical segment clearly. Since the above was written I have seen eight specimens from New South Wales (Clyde River, Macleay Museum, and Gosford, H. J. Carter), of which four are males, and each of these has a distinct round fovea on the apical segment of abdomen; a Clyde River female is deep blue, with purple elytra, and legs somewhat infuscated. EDUSA VIRIDIMETALLICA, Nn. sp. 3. Bright metallic-green; labrum, palpi, antennae (tip excepted), and legs (third tarsal joints and the claws excepted) flavous. Upper-surface glabrous, the under almost so. -Head with dense punctures of moderate size; median line rather wide in front, narrow at base; clypeus distinctly notched in front, punctures almost as dense as on rest of head. Prothorazx and elytra much as in preceding species. Abdomen with a rather shallow apical fovea. Front femora rather strongly dentate; basal joint of four front tarsi dis- tinctly wider, but not longer than on hind pair. Length, 33-41 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Richmond River (British Museum), Albion Park (R. Helms). Type, I. 3459. In general appearance strikingly close to the preceding species, and with very similar punctures, but front edge of clypeus distinctly notched, instead of almost perfectly straight. EDUSA PODAGROSA, N. sp. Bright metallic-green; labrum, palpi (tips excepted), ' antennae (tips excepted), and legs (an infuscate spot with a greenish gloss on each femur excepted) flavous. Glabrous. Head with fairly dense, sharply-defined punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and subconfluent about base, and smaller but not sparser on clypeus ; median line narrowly impressed. Prothorax rather strongly convex, front angles rather feebly produced; with rather small and moderately dense, but well-defined punctures. Hlytra with sides more rounded than usual; with moderately large and fairly dense punctures on basal half, becoming smaller posteriorly, and nowhere transversely confluent. Flanks of prosternum with numerous distinct but irregularly distributed punctures. Abdomen with a conspicuous apical fovea. Front femora 216 strongly dentate; basal joint of front tarsi strongly inflated. Length, 33-4 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Tamworth (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3460. In general appearance close to flavipes, but elytral punc- tures nowhere transversely confluent (a character which would exclude it. altogether from the Hdusites as defined by Chapuis), and with the cephalic punctures and median impression less distinct. EDUSA HETERODOXA, N. sp. d. Of a vivid metallic-green; labrum and appendages flavous, coxae and abdomen somewhat darker. Upper-surface entirely glabrous, elsewhere almost so. Head with dense punctures of moderate size, becoming confluent posteriorly ; median line well defined, becoming deep infront. Antennae long and thin. Apical joint of palpi sub- ovate, but truncated at apex. JProthorax scarcely twice as wide as the median length, all angles armed, sides obliquely dilated to middle ; with fairly dense punctures of moderate size on disc, becoming larger and more crowded on sides. Scutellwm comparatively small and almost impunctate. Hlytra with shoulders and apex rounded, but elsewhere parallel-sided ; with dense and fairly large punctures, transversely confluent behind shoulders, in feeble subgeminate rows in places, and towards suture on apical slope confined to distinct striae. Flanks of prosternum with dense and rather large punctures, smaller and denser elsewhere. Abdomen glabrous along middle, fourth segment as long as second and third combined and distinctly longer than fifth, the latter foveate in middle. Front femora dentate; tibiae rather thin; basal joint of four front tarsi elongate and strongly inflated. Length, 5-54 mm. /Hab.—New South Wales: Illawarra (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3636. The greatly inflated basal joint of the four front tarsi, and larger fourth abdominal segment, would seem to indicate that the species belongs to Colaspoides or Geloptera, but the palpi truncated at the apex (although much narrower than those of securigera or of palpalis) are more in accordance with those of several species of Hdusa, and, in fact, at first glance it appears close to such species as chlorophana, flavipes, etc. On two of the three specimens before me the antennae are entirely pale, on the third the tip is very feebly infuscated ; the abdomen is lightly infuscated in the middle of the basal segment; the metasternum is more or less brassy. The sides of the prothorax, whilst not dentate at the middle, are rather conspicuously angulate there. The dentition of the front femora is rather feeble, but quite conspicuous from certain directions. 217 EDUSA ZIETZI, Nn. sp. 3g. Metallic-green ; labrum and appendages reddish, but tip of antennae infuscated. Very sparsely clothed. Head with dense but not very large punctures, slightly larger on clypeus than elsewhere ; median line distinct. Pro- thorax about twice as wide as median length, sides strongly and evenly rounded, front angles very feebly armed; with dense but rather small punctures on disc, becoming crowded but scarcely larger on sides. Llytra short, distinctly wider than base of prothorax, and widest slightly beyond the middle ; with dense and fairly large (but not confluent) punctures behind shoulders, smaller elsewhere, about middle in more or less irregular subgeminate rows, towards suture on apical slope confined to fairly deep striae. Flanks of prosternum glabrous and with fairly large punctures. Abdomen with a small, cir- cular apical fovea. Legs stout; front femora lightly dentate ; tibiae dilated to apex and almost vertical there ; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 34-34 mm. Q. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Clarence River (A. and F. R. Zietz), Grafton (H. J. Carter, from 8S. Jackson). Type, I. 3587. A rather small, compact green species, with unusually thick legs. The three specimens before me at first appear to have the upper-surface quite glabrous, but on close examina- tion some extremely fine and sparse pubescence may be seen at the apex and sides of elytra, and some more distinct (but still very fine) on the head and sides of prothorax. The tooth of the front femora is small, but, as from certain directions it is distinct, the species has been referred to DD in the table. The male has the under-surface not much darker than the upper, but in the females it is brassy. EDUSA MARGINICOLLIS, N. sp. Bright metallic-green, in places with a brassy or brassy- red gloss; under-surface mostly brassy, labrum, palpi (tips excepted), and legs more or less reddish. Head with dense, sharply-defined punctures of moderate size, becoming somewhat larger between eyes, and smaller on clypeus; median line absent. Prothorax with sides evenly rounded ; with dense and not very large, but sharply-defined punctures, becoming crowded on sides. SHlytra suboblong, rather narrow; with dense punctures of moderate size from near base to beyond the middle frequently transversely con- fluent ; apical slope with smaller punctures, and with distinct subsutural striae. Length, 44 mm. 218 Hab.—Queensland: Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler). Type (unique), I. 3461. Close to angustula, but prothoracic punctures and clothing different. The elytra are entirely glabrous, but all the mar- gins of the prothorax are quite densely clothed. The front femora from most directions appear to be edentate, but from one direction a very minute tooth becomes visible. On the type (probably a female) both antennae are broken, four joints of one and two of the other being all that are left, and these are entirely reddish. EDUSA AUREORUFA, N. Sp. Q. Golden-red, under-surface more or less_ brassy ; labrum and all appendages (tip of antennae excepted) reddish. Moderately densely clothed with rather dark pubescence, but becoming whitish along middle and sides of prothorax, on scutellum, and on many interrupted lines on elytra. Head shagreened; with rather dense but inconspicuous punctures; median line feeble. Antennae with second joint stouter and not much shorter than third. Prothorax with some vague transverse impressions, front angles feebly produced and strongly depressed below basal ones; with fairly dense, minute punctures. SHlytra with dense minute punctures throughout, becoming larger towards base; and with numerous rather feeble but distinct striae. Femora unarmed. Length, 3 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3222. The spotted appearance of this, and the following species, is certainly not due to partial abrasion, but to the clothing in places being conspicuously paler than elsewhere. ‘The striation of the elytra, although feeble, is quite distinct throughout, but the punctures in the striae are larger towards the base than apex; the interstice starting from each shoulder has a distinctly carinated appearance to beyond the middle, but more distinct on one specimen than on another. EDUSA SUBMACULATA, Nl. sp. 3. Brassy, clypeus and under-surface brassy-green ; labrum and all appendages (tips of antennae excepted) more or less red. Moderately clothed with rather short pubescence, somewhat variegated on upper-surface. Head shagreened ; with dense and shallow but moderately distinct punctures; median line distinct, but not deeply im- pressed. Second joint of antennae stouter and not much shorter than third, third shorter than fourth. Prothorax with 219 all angles evenly rounded ; with moderately dense, small, evenly distributed punctures. Hlytra rather wide, suboblong ; with dense and rather small punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly, with a feeble transverse depression on each side at about basal third (where the punctures are larger than elsewhere, but not transversely confluent), and a longitudinal submedian one. Abdomen glabrous along middle, apical segment convex in middle of apex, feebly depressed before same. /emora eden- tate; four front tarsi with basal joint distinctly inflated. Length (3, 9), 3-34 mm. ©. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec- tion); New South Wales: Eden (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3233. The elytra have a submaculate appearance, but the species is very different to the preceding one, as the darker parts of the elytra are due to the pubescence there being of the same shade of colour as the derm, with the paler portions less lineate in arrangement. But the punctures are also different, the outlines differ considerably, and each elytron is without the post-humeral carina. EDUSA MELANOPTERA, 0. Sp. 3d. Black, head and prothorax with a slight coppery gloss ; labrum and appendages (tips of palpi and of antennae, and the claws excepted) more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with rather short, whitish, silken pubescence; on the elytra some longer hairs scattered about. Head shagreened ; with dense but not very large punc- tures, more clearly defined on clypeus than elsewhere ; median line rather wide and distinct in front, feeble about base. Pro- thorax shagreened; with small and rather dense punctures. Elytra suboblong ; with dense and fairly large punctures, larger (and a few transversely confluent) about basal third than else- where, and becoming rather small posteriorly, but smaller at summit of apical slope than at end of same. Apical segment of abdomen transversely impressed in middle. Front femora scarcely visibly dentate; four front tarsi with basal joint dis- tinctly inflated. Length (d, 9), 45-5 mm. Q. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Jenolan (J.C. Wiburd). Type, I. 3462. A dark species with elytra almost entirely non-metallic, and the gloss on head and prothorax not very pronounced. The elytra in places appear to have remnants of geminate striae. The front femora have a subangulate swelling, that from cer- tain directions is seen to culminate in a small tooth, but it 1s 220 so feeble that Blackburn would probably have tabled it as having ‘‘anterior femora widely angulate, but not with a distinct tooth.’’ EDUSA TRIDENS, N. sp. 3. Bright metallic brassy-green ; in places more brassy than green ; labrum, palpi (apical joint black), antennae (some of the apical joints partly or wholly infuscated) and legs (parts of tarsi excepted) more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with whitish pubescence, on the elytra mixed with rather numerous longer hairs. Head with dense and sharply-defined, but rather small punctures ; median line well defined. Prothorazx shagreened ; front angles feebly produced ; with dense and small punctures. Elytra suboblong; with dense punctures of moderate size, . becoming smaller posteriorly, and larger about basal third, and near same, than elsewhere. Abdomen glabrous along middle, apical segment lightly transversely impressed. Femora un- armed; four front tarsi with basal joint rather strongly inflated. Length (3, @), 54-55 mm. Q. Differs in being of a brassy-red, with only the front of the clypeus green, and in the usual particulars of abdomen and tarsi. : Hab.—New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko (R. Helms and W. E. Raymond). Type, I. 3463. The three specimens before me all differ in colour ; on the type male the head (from certain directions) appears to have a conspicuous green trident, the space between the tines being brassy ; on the female the trident is traceable by slight impres- sions, although not by colour; but on another male the head is entirely green. A few of the elytral punctures appear to be feebly confluent, but there are no distinct transverse ridges separating them. In some respects it resembles some of the varieties of viridicollis, but the femora are edentate. EDUSA URSA, N. sp. ¢. Golden-bronze, upper-surface shagreened throughout ; femora and parts of under-surface sometimes with a greenish gloss, labrum, palpi (apical joint black), basal joints of antennae, and parts of tibiae more or less reddish. Very densely clothed with short, stramineous pubescence. /fead with dense, but small and well-defined punctures ; median line feeble. Prothorax with punctures minute and scarcely traceable before abrasion. Hlytra suboblong ; striate- punctate, punctures fairly large about base, becoming smaller posteriorly; striae rather lightly impressed, but distinct throughout. Abdomen glabrous along middle ; apical segment 221 with a small median fovea. Legs stout; front femora angulate but scarcely dentate; four front tarsi with basal joint some- what inflated. Length (d, 9), 43-52 mm. Q. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Illawarra, Otford (Macleay Museum and H. J. Carter), Sydney (Blackburn’s collection), Wollongong (A. M. Lea). Type, I, 3220. The clothing is denser than on any other species in the Museum, being denser even than on hirta, whose femora also are very different. EDUSA SETIPENNIS, N. sp. Q. Black with a shght or moderate coppery gloss, becoming bluish on part of suture; labrum (its middle infuscated), basal joints of palpi, joints three to six of antennae and parts of others, tibiae, and base of femora, more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with short, depressed white setae, or pubescence. Head with dense and rather shallow punctures, fairly well defined but in places subconfluent ; median line feeble. Pro- thorax with front angles moderately acute, but scarcely visible from above ; with dense and rather small punctures, becoming longitudinally confluent on sides. Hlytra suboblong; with fairly large punctures, more or less transversely confluent over most of surface, but becoming smaller and shallower posteriorly. Front femora subangulate, but not dentate. Length, 54 mm. Hab.—Western Australia: Mullewa (Miss J. F. May). Type (unique), I. 3464. In general appearance close to griffithi, but clothing different and femora edentate. The type is possibly somewhat abraded, but on the elytra the setae (which are sparser towards and absent from suture, except posteriorly, than elsewhere) nowhere exhibit a tendency to form fascicles. EDUSA VIRIDIFRONS, 0. sp. Golden-bronze, or purplish-bronze, or brassy, in places green or coppery-green; labrum, palpi, and antennae (tip excepted) more or less flavous; legs reddish, in places darker. Rather densely clothed with short, depressed, whitish or greyish pubescence. Head shagreened ; with dense and rather small punctures, sharply defined on and near clypeus, but less distinct else- where; median line distinct but not deep. Prothorax shagreened, all angles rounded off; punctures small and _ ill- defined. Hlytra suboblong ; with dense and rather small punc- tures, becoming larger about basal third. Femora unarmed. Length, 4-5 mm. 222 Hab.—-New South Wales: Jenolan (J.C. Wiburd). Type, I. 3465. There are seven specimens under examination, but I can find no positive sexual differences between any of them. Some have more of the head green and the abdomen less convex, and these are possibly males; but as the abdomen is not con- spicuously glabrous along the middle of any of them, and the basal joint of the front tarsi is much alike in all, they are probably all females. On one specimen the legs (tarsi excepted) are almost entirely reddish, but on the others the femora and tibiae are both more or less infuscated (and sometimes sub- metallic) towards the apex, and the tarsi (claw-joint but not the claws excepted) are dark. The clypeus is always of a vivid green, and the green sometimes extends backwards almost to the base, or narrowly along the middle. The tip of the prothorax and the scutellum are sometimes green, the meta- sternum is generally brassy-green, the abdomen generally brassy-purple or brassy. Each elytron about the basal third has a vague transverse depression, and obscurely connected with this a feeble submedian longitudinal one; on the de- pressed parts the punctures are larger than elsewhere, although not transversely confluent, and the striation is fairly distinct ; but from various directions feeble striation may be seen on almost any part of the elytra. EDUSA FLAVICORNIS, Nn. sp. Coppery, with a vague greenish gloss; parts of under- surface brassy-green, front of head and a median line from same bright green; labrum and appendages more or less flavous. Densely clothed with rather short, golden pubescence, becoming paler in places. Head with punctures and median line much as on pre- ceding species. Prothorax shagreened ; with dense and small but fairly distinct punctures. LHlytra suboblong; striate- punctate, striae feeble but distinct; punctures fairly large on basal half, becoming small posteriorly ; interstices with dense minute punctures; a vague post-humeral depression on each side. Abdomen glabrous along middle, apical segment highly polished. Femora edentate; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length, 4 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: National Park (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3466. In general appearance close to wrsa, but size somewhat smaller, clothing sparser, and legs reddish. On the type not even the tips of the antennae are infuscated. The elytral punctures are nowhere transversely confluent. The abdomen is without sexual impressions, but the basal joint of the four 223 front tarsi seems too large for the specimen to be other than a male. EDUSA POSTHUMERALIS, N. sp. _ SBrassy or brassy-green, or golden-purple, head more or less green ; labrum and appendages (tip of antennae and claws excepted) flavous or reddish. Moderately densely clothed with short, depressed, silken pubescence, becoming paler on under- surface. Head shagreened ; with dense and small punctures, becom- ing larger and more sharply defined towards and on clypeus ; median line narrowly impressed towards base, becoming almost foveate in front. Prothorax shagreened with minute but fairly distinct punctures. Hlytra rather short, suboblong; on basal half with fairly large punctures, becoming smaller pos- teriorly, especially about suture ; a feeble depression about each shoulder. Basal segment of abdomen glabrous along middle. Femora unarmed ; four front tarsi with basal joint somewhat inflated and larger than on hind pair. Length (¢d, @), 3-33 mm. 2. Differs in being more brassy, and in the abdomen and tarsi. | Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo and Gosford (H. J. Carter), Sydney (Macleay Museum), Galston (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3467. There were several species (including wridipennis and evanescens ) mixed with the present one, but all now regarded as belonging to the species have a depression behind each shoulder, interrupted in middle by a ridge that divides it into two parts; from the two species named these depressions are entirely absent. From glauca the femora are at once distinc- tive. The colour of the prothorax and elytra (and including the scutellum or not) varies from a brassy-green to a beautiful golden-purple, occasionally the elytra are darker than the prothorax, but they are usually of one uniform shade of colour. On the males (a pair in the Macleay Museum are marked as having been taken 2m cop.) the head is almost entirely of a vivid-green, and sometimes almost the entire under-surface is greenish ; the apical segment of abdomen appears to be with- out a transverse impression, but from certain directions a very feeble one may be seen ; on the females the clypeus and adjacent parts are usually brassy-green, but occasionally with the green tinge scarcely indicated. EDUSA VIRIDILATERA, Nl. Sp. Brassy or brassy-green, in places becoming coppery or green; labrum and appendages (tip of antennae and claws 224 excepted) flavous or reddish. Clothing much as on preceding species. Head shagreened, with dense and small punctures, sharply defined only on clypeus; median line distinct but feebly impressed. Prothorar shagreened; with small but distinct punctures. Lilytra briefly suboblong, distinctly wider than prothorax ; punctures somewhat as on preceding species, but a few transversely confluent. Femora unarmed. Length, 3-34 mm. . HI1ab.—New South Wales: Galston (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3468. On all the (seven) specimens before me the elytra are conspicuously green on the sides, and become brassy along the middle ; on the prothorax the sides are sometimes green, and the disc brassy, but on some the prothorax is uniformly green ; the head varies from almost entirely green, to green, or brassy- green only on the clypeus and adjacent to same. The speci- mens, if all of one sex, are females, but as there are feeble differences in the clothing of the abdomen, and in the basal joints of tarsi, it is possible that some are males, and that the sexes are but feebly defined. EDUSA CHLORION, N. sp. 3. Bright metallic-green; labrum and appendages (tip of antennae and the claws excepted) more or less reddish. Densely clothed with short, depressed, stramineous or whitish pubescence, becoming quite white on under-surface. Head very feebly shagreened; with dense and small punctures, becoming sharply defined on clypeus ; median line fairly distinct in front, vague towards base. Prothoraz shagreened ; punctures small and indistinct before abrasion. Elytra briefly suboblong ; with dense but rather small punc- tures, larger about basal third than elsewhere. Abdomen glabrous along middle, apical segment with a small median fovea. Femora unarmed. Length (d, 92), 24-34 mm. Q. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia: King George Sound (British Museum, from C. Darwin), Rottnest Island, Bunbury (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3440. ' Close to pavens, but elytra entirely without long hairs, and front femora evenly rounded ; the females also are green. From evanescens, to which it is closer, it is distinguished by the greater comparative width of the prothorax; it is also con- sistently somewhat larger. Before abrasion the prothoracic punctures are much less distinct than on imermis, and after abrasion they are seen to be smaller and denser; the five specimens before me are also more of a golden-green, whereas 225 on the type (the only specimen known) of that species the elytra have a distimet purplish gloss. On the under-surface of the female the colour is more brassy than green. EDUSA NIVEOSQUAMOSA, N. Sp. d. Blackish-bronze; labrum and appendages (tip of palpi and of antennae, and the claws excepted) reddish or flavous. Rather densely clothed with snowy-white elliptic scales. Head rather wide; with small and dense partially-con- cealed punctures; median line indistinct. Prothorar more than twice as wide as long, front angles feebly acute; with small scattered punctures. H/ytra rather elongate, no wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to beyond the middle, punctures not very large, somewhat irregularly distributed, and larger about basal third (where some of them are confluent) than elsewhere. Abdomen with a conspicuous median fovea on apical segment. /emora stout, front pair strongly dentate; basal joint of each tarsus inflated. Length, 44 mm. Hab.—South Australia: Cook Plain (J. G. O. Tepper). Type (unique), I. 3235. Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the snowy-white elliptic scales; these are uniform in character on the upper- and under-surfaces, and on the legs; on’‘the pro- thorax and elytra they are not quite uniformly distributed (but this may be due to partial abrasion), they are denser than elsewhere on the flanks of the sterna. EDUSA MIRA, 0. sp. Pl. vii., fig. 65; pl. vili., fig. 118. 3. Blackish-bronze, parts of under-surface with a greenish gloss; labrum, palpi (apical joint excepted), and part of antennae reddish or flavous, parts of legs obscurely diluted with red. Rather densely clothed with snowy-white pub- escence, denser on flanks of metasternum than elsewhere, but on the elytra becoming rather thin scales, and which are com- pacted into numerous small, evenly-distributed fascicles. Head wide ; with small and sparse, more or less concealed punctures ; without median line; clypeus indistinctly separated from the face; labrum short. Eyes of moderate size, widely separated, distinctly notched. Antennae thin, extending to about second segment of abdomen; first joint rather stout, as long as third, second more than half the length of third, third to fifth subequal in length, the following ones somewhat longer. Prothorqx about twice as wide as the median length, base bisinuate, sides almost straight, slightly narrowed in front, front angles produced and acute, hind ones acute; with small I 226 are not very dense punctures. SHlytra elongate-oblong, not much wider than prothorax; with dense and not very large, but sharply-defined punctures, becoming larger and more or less confluent at basal third. Abdomen rather sparsely clothed along middle, apical segment rather strongly incurved to middle of apex, with a wide but rather shallow median impres- sion. /emora stout, front pair strongly dentate, the hind pair less strongly dentate but conspicuously angulate, middle pair unarmed ; hind tibiae long, lower-surface at about one-third from apex with an acute tooth, the line of the tibiae then altered ; four front tarsi with basal joint somewhat inflated, claws each with a stout basal appendix. Length (¢, Q), 6-64 mm. Q. Differs in having abdomen more convex, more regu- larly clothed along middle, apical segment not transversely impressed, femora less stout, hind tibiae unarmed on lower- surface, and the apical curvature regular, and the tarsi with basal joint less inflated. Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type, I. 3411. The front angles of the prothorax as seen from the sides appear to be rather acutely produced, but from below they appear like large conical teeth, very different to those of any other species of the genus, but the prosternal episterna have the front edge quite straight, although slightly oblique, the front coxae are very close to the front of the prosternum, and not much more distant from the base. On the male the basal joint of antennae, most of the eleventh and the tips of some of the others are infuscated ; on the female the basal joint and the apical half (or more) are infuscated ; the knees, trochanters, and claws are usually of a dingy-red, but sometimes are scarcely paler than the adjacent parts. My reference of the species to Hdusa may be called in question. The general outlines, from above, are much as those of several species of Megasceloides, but the dentate femora and hind tibiae should exclude the species from that genus. EDUSA GRIFFITHI, n. sp. 3. Brassy or bronzy, under-surface sometimes with a vague greenish gloss; parts of labrum, of palpi, of antennae, and of legs, of a more or less dingy-red. Rather lightly (more densely on parts of under-surface than elsewhere) clothed with white pubescence, becoming scales on elytra. Head shagreened ; with dense punctures of moderate size, longitudinally or obliquely confluent about base, rather larger and sparser between eyes, and smaller and denser on clypeus than elsewhere; median line feeble or absent. Prothorax 227 rather strongly convex, sides evenly rounded, front angles acute, hind ones obtuse; with dense but not very large punc- tures, becoming conspicuously transversely or obliquely con- fluent on sides. /Zlytra not much wider than prothorax ; with rather large punctures, more or less conspicuously transversely confluent, except on parts of the apical slope. Abdomen glabrous along middle, apical segment with a transverse impres- sion. Front femora lightly dentate; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length (¢, 9), 53-74 mm. ©. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia: Perth (H. H. D. Griffith), Capel River (W. D. Dodd), Darling Ranges (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3469. | The front femora are certainly dentate, but the tooth is invisible from most directions. I have, however, placed the species in the table with those having conspicuously dentate femora, as from certain directions the tooth is seen to be the eulmination of a widely angulate space. Joints two to four of the antennae, and the lower portion of the first are usually conspicuously paler than the others; the tibiae are usually entirely of a dingy-red, but sometimes their tips are deeply infuscated ; the knees and trochanters are also usually reddish. The elytral scales are somewhat unevenly distributed, but are nowhere fasciculate in arrangement; they are rather denser on the sides and apical half than elsewhere. The front margin of the labrum from some directions appears to be evenly rounded, but from others finely serrated. On the prothorax, owing to the irregularity of the punctures on the disc, there appear to be feeble tubercular elevations. EDUSA PALPALIS, Ni. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 119. gd. Brassy-purple, some parts coppery, clypeus metallic- blue in front, posteriorly becoming green, then coppery ; labrum, palpi (tips infuscated), antennae (tips of many of the joints blackish), and legs more or less reddish. Upper-surface with moderately dense, but somewhat unevenly distributed, whitish, depressed pubescence. Head shagreened; punctures dense but small and indistinct, median line distinct in front, but feeble elsewhere; clypeus depressed, highly polished, at base with some small and fairly distinct punctures, but scarcely traceable elsewhere. Prothorax shagreened ; with strongly rounded sides, hind angles rounded, front subdentate; with small punctures. lytra with sides gently rounded; punctures not very large, but transverse rugulosity very conspicuous almost throughout. Abdomen widely glabrous along middle, apical segment with a 12 228 deep transverse impression. Femora very stout, front pair strongly dentate ; middle tibiae more strongly dilated to near apex than the others, hind ones with the apical third cut away on upper-surface and excavated along same; four front tarsi with basal joint distinctly inflated, the hind ones decidedly longer than usual. Length(¢d, 9), 5-6 mm. Q.. Differs in having the hind tibiae at apex similar to the middle pair, the palpi smaller and less securiform, and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia (F. H. du SBoulay). Type, i 3226. Allied to meyricki, but differs in the front femora of both sexes being strongly dentate, hind tibiae of male very different at apex, and apical fovea of abdomen more transverse. The apical joint of each maxillary palpus of the male is wide and truncate at the apex, much as on many //eteromera, those of the female are more ovate, but still truncate at apex; the labial palpi are smaller but otherwise much the same. The specimens sent were either from Kalgoorlie or Beverley. EDUSA SERICEA, N. sp. Pl. wu ce, von: 3. SBrassy or coppery or golden-bronze, head metallic- green in front, coppery-green elsewhere ; labrum and append- ages (tip of antennae and claws excepted) reddish or flavous. Rather densely clothed with uniform, depressed, silken pubescence, becoming white on under-surface. - Head shagreened; punctures scarcely traceable; median line distinct but very feebly impressed. Prothorax shagreened, sides feebly rounded, front angles acute ; punctures minute and scarcely visible before abrasion. Hlytra suboblong; punctures dense and mostly small, frequently concealed before abrasion, fairly large only about basal third, and nowhere transversely confluent. Abdomen widely glabrous along middle, apical segment with a conspicuous transverse impression, slightly interrupted in middle. Front femora strongly dentate ; basal joint of four front tarsi somewhat inflated. Length (¢, 9), 5-6 mm. Q. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia (Blackburn’s collection), Bever- ley (F. H. du Boulay and A. M. Lea), Swan River, Darling Ranges (Lea). Type, I. 3225. Although without any strikingly distinctive feature, this species has yet a very unusual appearance, owing to the sides of the prothorax being but very feebly rounded in the middle. The under-surface varies from brassy to dark metallic-green. Each side of the head, adjacent to the clypeus, has one or two 229 small impunctate spaces, looking like highly-polished tubercles, somewhat similar but less conspicuous spaces are to be seen on many other species of the genus. The four hind femora are narrowly ridged along the middle, but each ridge does not culminate in a tooth. EpDUSA IMPRESSICEPS, 0. sp. 3. Golden-red, or coppery-red, the punctures sometimes with a greenish gloss; under-surface black, with a purplish or bronzy gloss, labrum, palpi (apical joint excepted), basal half (or less) of antennae and legs (claws excepted) more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with very fine, uniformly distri- buted, silken pubescence. Head feebly shagreened ; with dense, clearly-defined, and uniform, but rather small punctures ; median line conspicuous throughout and becoming rather deep in front. Prothorax with front angles somewhat acute; punctures much as on elypeus. Hlytra suboblong ; with dense and rather large punc- tures, larger and irregularly confluent about basal third, and smaller but inconspicuous striae on apical slope. Abdomen glabrous along middie, apical segment with a wide shallow impression. Front femora strongly dentate; basal joint of four front tarsi somewhat inflated. Length(d, @), 64-8 mm. Q. Differs in having shorter antennae, and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains (Macleay Museum and E. W. Ferguson), Jenolan (J. C. Wiburd). ‘Type, I. 3470. The very tip of the clypeus and a median line on the head are sometimes greenish; the suture is usually very narrowly greenish, and one specimen has a green scutellum. On two specimens the femora are almost entirely black, with a slight metallic gloss. Although on the larger scale in the genus the elytral clothing is nowhere squamose or fasciculate in character. The elytral punctures are mostly in irregular rows, of which a few are subgeminate in arrangement. Two specimens from Guyra (H. J. Carter) perhaps repre- sent a variety; they differ in being smaller (6 mm.), of a purplish-red, elytra nowhere greenish, six apical joints of antennae and part of the first dark, legs entirely black with a slight metallic gloss, and the punetures on the head decidedly smaller. EDUSA DISPAR, N. sp. 3. Brassy-green, sometimes with a bluish gloss: under- surface more or less brassy, clypeus of a vivid-green, labrum and appendages (tip of antennae and claws excepted) more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with fine, depressed, whitish pubescence. 230 Head with rather small and shallow punctures; median line feebly impressed towards base, and dilated (but very shallow) in front; clypeus highly polished, in places with small but clearly-defined punctures. Prothoraxr about thrice as wide as long, front angles rather feeble, a vague depression towards each side ; punctures small but fairly distinct. Hlytra suboblong; with rather large punctures, more or less trans- versely confluent about base, but becoming small and ill-defined posteriorly. Abdomen with apical segment transversely 1m- pressed. Front femora strongly dentate; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 4-45 mm. Q. Differs in being larger (42-54 mm.) and brassy (the front of the clypeus sometimes brassy-green), antennae some- what shorter, and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia: Perth (H. H. D. Griffith), Warren River (W. D. Dodd), Karridale, Darling Ranges (A. M. Lea). -Type, I. 3228. A beautiful species, the female consistently larger and brassier than the male. EDUSA METALLICA, 0. Sp. 3. Coppery-bronze; tip of clypeus green, labrum and appendages (tip of antennae and claws excepted) more or less reddish. Moderately clothed with whitish pubescence, denser and more conspicuous on odd interstices of elytra than else- where, and mixed on elytra with numerous longer hairs. ITead shagreened, with dense and small but fairly distinct punctures ; median line fairly distinct in front, becoming feeble towards base. Prothoraxv shagreened and with punctures as on head.° Elytra suboblong, considerably wider than prothorax ; with geminate rows of strong punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly, but striation more evident on apical slope, the interspaces (except between the geminate rows) with as large, or almost as large punctures as in the rows. Abdomen widely glabrous along middle, apical segment with a wide shallow impression. Front femora strongly dentate; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length (d, 9), 6-74 mm. Q. Differs in being more robust, antennae somewhat shorter, and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec- tion), Kewell (J. Kershaw), Fern Tree Gully (T. Kershaw). Type, I. 3471. In Blackburn’s table would be associated with lineata, but differs from that species in being consistently larger, and by the conspicuous rows of rather strong punctures in well-defined striae. One large specimen is darker than the others, but except for this the metallic colour is singularly constant in 231 numerous specimens. The depression on the apical segment of abdomen of the male is not very deep, but is very conspicu- ous on account of being of a bluish colour, while the sides are brassy. On the female the basal joint of each tarsus is decidedly larger than is usual in that sex, but those of the four front ones are distinctly smaller than on the male. EDUSA VIRGATIPES, n. sp. 3g. Colours variable. Moderately clothed with short, depressed, whitish pubescence, becoming quite white on under- surface; elytra with numerous long erect blackish hairs, becoming shorter but not much sparser on prothorax. Head shagreened ; with dense, small, and rather feeble punctures, more clearly defined on clypeus than elsewhere ; median line moderately distinct in front, feeble at base. Pro- thorax shagreened and punctured as head. Hlytra suboblong, much wider than prothorax; with rather large but not con- fluent punctures about basal third, becoming smaller towards base and suture, and much smaller elsewhere. Abdomen widely glabrous along middle, apical segment rather feebly depressed in middle, but the depressed part of a darker colour than the sides. Front femora strongly dentate ; basal joint of four front tarsi very conspicuously inflated. Length (¢d, Q), 54-61) mm. ©. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains (Blackburn’s collection, Macleay Museum, E. W. Ferguson, and H. J. Carter), Jenolan (J.C. Wiburd), Mount Victoria (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3171. The colours are very variable, and whilst decidedly metallic are seldom brightly so. The front tibiae are always reddish on the under-surface and dark on the upper; the femora are more or less reddish at the base, the antennae have the tip black, and the five or six preceding joints (independently of sex) varying from almost entirely pale to entirely infuscate, the basal joint is dark on its upper-surface ; the apical joint of each palpus is conspicuously black. The commoner forms (the type belongs to the first) are as follows :— 1. Metallic-green, with (or without) a vague bluish tinge, under-surface and legs more or less brassy. 2. Dark-bronze, head brassy-green in front, under-surface in places with a brassy-green gloss. 3. Coppery or purplish-bronze, scutellum greenish, head and under-surface as on Form 2. 4. Brassy-green, prothorax more brassy than green. A male of this variety in Mr. Carter’s collection has the front tibiae almost entirely pale. 5. Purple. 232 There are also many intermediate forms, but the species may be readily distinguished by the long blackish hairs seat- tered amongst the elytral pubescence, and by the longitudinally” striped front tibiae. EDUSA CHALCEA, N. Sp. ¢. Brassy, sometimes with a golden or purplish gloss ;: head of a vivid-green in front, becoming brassy towards base :: labrum and appendages (tip of antennae and claws excepted): flavous or reddish. Densely clothed with short, depressed,. whitish pubescence, becoming showy on under-surface: elytra with longer but not very conspicuous hairs scattered about. /iead shagreened; with dense, minute, and _ indistinct punctures, rather feebly defined even on clypeus; median line: feeble and narrow. VProthorar shagreened and punctured as head. £ytra suboblong; with dense and small punctures, becoming of moderate size, but not transversely confluent, about basal third. Abdomen glabrous along middle, starting with a depressed space at middle of apex of first segment, fourth depressed at apex, fifth with an almost continuous transverse impression. Front femora strongly dentate; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length (¢, 9), 44-51 mm. Q. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Habh.—Queensland (British Museum, from — Damel), Rockhampton (Macleay Museum), Bundaberg (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 3221 In general appearance ‘close to suaveola, but darker, and male with a medio-apical depression on basal segment of abdomen, viewed from the side it is well defined ; on the males of swaveola and of the following species there is no such depres- sion; the fourth segment is also different. EDUSA TURNERI, 0D. Sp. ¢. Bronze or purplish-bronze, in some places with: greenish reflections; clypeus of a vivid-green; labrum and appendages (tip of palpi), of antennae, and the claws excepted), more or less reddish. Rather densely clothed with short, de- pressed, silken pubescence, becoming white on under-surface ; elytra with some longer hairs scattered about, but rather indistinct, except posteriorly. Head shagreened ; punctures dense, small, and ill-defined, even on clypeus; median line feeble. Prothorar shagreened and punctured much as head. Flytra suboblong, distinctly wider than prothorax, vaguely striated ; with deuse and small punctures, becoming lar ger in the rows toward base, and larger about basal third than. elsewhere, but not transversely con- fluent. Abdomen glabrous along middie, fourth segment: 233 feebly depressed at apex, fifth strongly incurved at apex, and with a conspicuous transverse impression, slightly deeper at sides than in middle. Front femora strongly dentate; basal joint of four front tarsi moderately dilated. Length, 5 mm. 2. Differs in the abdomen and tarsi. Hlab.—New South Wales: Ben Lomond (A. Jefferis Turner). Type, I. 3472. In general appearance fairly close to suaveola, but darker and less conspicuously metallic, median line on head less con- spicuous, and transverse impression of abdomen of male with a slight depression at each end, instead of with a median one as on that species. On some specimens there appears to be a play of purplish and green colours almost as on a soap-bubble. EDUSA DISCICOLLIS, n. sp. Pl. vili., figs. 165 and 166. 3. Metallic-green, head and prothorax subopaque ; under-surface brassy-green or brassy, labrum and appendages reddish, but tips of palpi and tips of five apical joints of antennae blackish. Head and prothorax moderately, the elytra densely, clothed with stramineous pubescence, the elytra in addition with numerous long, suberect hairs of similar colour. /Tead flat ; shagreened and minutely punctate. Antennae very long and thin. VProthorax shagreened and punctate as head; fully thrice as wide as the median length, sides evenly but not strongly rounded, quite flat in middle. Hlytra rather long and parallel-sided to near apex; with rather dense but not very large punctures, in regular or almost regular rows on most of the surface, although in striae only on parts of the apical slope, larger and more distinctly confluent (although not separated by distinct transverse ridges) behind shoulders than elsewhere. Abdomen with apex of each segment glabrous in middle, fifth transversely depressed across middle, the de- pression shallow, especially in its middle. Femora stout, front pair strongly dentate; hind tibiae with apical slope oblique or feebly rounded; basal joint of four frout tarsi inflated. Length, 6-63 mm. ©. Differs in having the abdomen more convex, nowhere glabrous, fourth segment shorter than the adjacent ones, and the fifth with the depression less transverse and with a slight swelling behind it on each side of apex, apical slope of hind tibiae more abrupt, and in the tarsi. /lab.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains (Blackburn’s collection and H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3637. In the table associated with swaveola and turneri, but larger, prothorax more depressed, antennae much longer, etc. 234 In build and clothing it is much like wirgatipes, but the legs are entirely pale, and the abdomen of the male is somewhat different. From perplexa, and all its varieties, it differs in being larger and elytra with numerous hairs amongst the pubescence. On one specimen the clothing is almost white. The elytral punctures from some directions appear to be in quite regular rows, but this appearance is less noticeable about the basal third, owing to the punctures there having a tendency to become transversely confluent. The basal joint of the four hind tarsi of the male is lop-sided, of the female only on the hind pair. EDUSA SECURIGERA, DN. Sp. Pl. viu., figs. 60, 67, and ‘68. 3. Of a rather dark metallic-green; labrum and appendages flavous, but tip of antennae infuscated. Elytra with suberect pubescence. Head with dense, sharply-defined punctures of moderate size, a few becoming confluent posteriorly. Antennae rather long and thin, second joint stouter and shorter than third. Apical joint of each palpus inflated to and truncate at apex. Prothorax scarcely twice as wide as the median length; with crowded and rather coarse punctures ; sides uneven. Scutellum very small and sparsely punctate. Hlytra rather elongate ; with crowded and rather large punctures, most of which are more or less transversely confluent. Prosternwm with dense, well-defined punctures, larger on flanks than elsewhere. Abdomen with fourth segment distinctly larger than the adja- cent ones, the fifth with a wide median impression. /emora stout, front pair strongly dentate ; tibiae rather long and thin ; basal joint of four front tarsi lightly inflated. Length, 34-4 mm. : Q. Differs in being more robust, more or less brassy, prothorax more than twice as wide as the median length, apical joint of palpi much thinner, abdomen more convex, fourth segment shorter than the-adjacent ones, and the fifth shallowly depressed in middle of base and the apex upcurved. ~ Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron). Type, I. 3638. The securiform palpi of the male resemble those of many feteromera, but the palpi of the female are almost normal. On the male of palpalis (which otherwise is quite an ordinary Hdusa), and to a certain extent on the males of several other species they are similar, so that it appears desirable to regard the species as an aberrant Hdusa. It might have been referred to Geloptera; of the three specimens before me the female has the sides of the prothorax feebly tridentate about the middle, one male has each side very feebly bidentate there, and on the 235 other male one side is subangulate (much as on heterodoza), but the other is very feebly tridentate. On one male the abdomen is not much darker than the legs, except that the basal segment is greenish in the middle, on a second specimen only the apical segment is pale, the rest of the under-surface being more or less brassy ; on the female the abdomen is red- dish, with a slight metallic gloss, and the sterna are golden- red. The elytral pubescence is not dense, but being suberect and almost evenly distributed in subseriate rows, it is quite conspicuous ; the prothorax, however, is almost glabrous. On the female the median line of the head is well defined, but on the male it is feeble. On the male the pygidium appears to add a short sixth segment to the abdomen. About the base and on the apical slope most of the elytral punctures are separately impressed, but on the slope they are confined to well-defined striae, although these (except near the suture) are somewhat irregular. GELOPTERA (type twberculata). TERILLUS (type rotundicollis ). ALITTUS (type foveolatus ). AGETINUS (Agetus n. pr.; type subcostatus). HYPODERES (type denticolli s). Of the above genera their typical species are indicated, and of these twberculata is a well-known and abundant species in Western Australia; swbcostatus is a well-known and abun- dant species in South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania; and denticollis is a well-marked species, occurring in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. I am unacquainted with rotundicollis; but elsewhere am commenting upon foveolatus. According to Lefevre, the genera in question all agree in the following details, regarded by him as generic : —‘‘Proster- nal episterna with front margin straight or concave. Base of prosternum straight or arcuately truncate. Femora unarmed. (8) Tibiae (at least the middle pair) longitudinally carinate, the four hind ones not notched near outer apex. Claws appendicu- late.’’ And a table based on differences as noted by himself and Chapuis would be as follows: — Upper-surface clothed. Prothorax with sides entire. Prothorax with sides straight. =. Ahttus Prothorax with sides rounded in “middle ... Terillus Prothorax with sides more or less dentate or un- dulated a i a hye a? .... Hypoderes Upper-surface glabrous. Antennae with joints two and three subequal ... Agetinus Antennae with these joints very different in length Geloptera (81) Several species with armed front femora have been referred to Geloptera. 236 But as the genera at present stand there are exceptions. to every one of these characters. That they will all be main- tained I am exceedingly doubtful. That the late Rev. T. Blackburn considered the armature of the sides of the pro- thorax and the clothing of the upper-surface as of only specific importance in the subfamily is proved by his referring to Edusa a species (singularis) whose prothorax is quite acutely armed, in addition to its upper-surface being entirely glabrous ; he also referred other glabrous species to that genus. GELOPTERA. To this genus Baly originally referred two species, twber- culata (noted as the type) and geniculata. The latter, in Masters’ Catalogue, is placed as an Agetinus. Jacoby has re- ferred to (Gcloptera, a well-marked Queensland species (albertist), which I am satisfied is congeneric with geniculata. There are in the Museum numerous species (62) whose generic features are so weak that they might be referred to several genera, but I refer them all to Geloptera. They are all more or less coarsely punctured, and more or less irregularly striated, but the striae are usually deep and regular on the apical slope of elytra. ‘The comparative lengths of the antennae and the proportions of the joints are seldom of use in distinguishing the species, the second joint is nearly always much shorter than the third. The sides of the prothorax are usually distinctly toothed in the middle, but sometimes only gently undulated. They may be placed in divisions, characterized as follows : — Div. 1.—Upper-surface glabrous. 8) Eyes distinctly notched. Sides of prothorax dentate or subdentate about middle. Front of prosternal episterna oblique, or feebly rounded, or feebly incurved. Femora edentate: tibiae dilated to apex, longitudinally canaliculate (the middle pair usually more distinctly so than the others), the four hind ones not notched near outer apex: claws each with a large basal appendix. Div. 2.—With the specified characters of Div. 1, except that the front femora are dentate (two species, however, ilidgez and /ateridens, are extremely feebly clothed on the apical slope of elytra). Following is a table of the species in the Museum, with the exception of scztula :-— (82) Of these porosa was identified by the late Rev. T. Blackburn as a Geloptera. (83) The head, however, is occasionally feebly clothed. SLLQUIAIU LD sippnbanu L DSO po U D}DINILIQN) SUdPUOIUDL (¢) vivpnoqnp 1d) JSVIPLDY sadiypod DULUeU 237 DpPOPLASD.L Yd} shuuad tpoieps sLivpn bn SUA PLLaQD] 1a 6 pul S1))OIUNDUD DUUTIUWOD ts19.taqQyv sry s4y]091.4040) ‘pouseun ofew jo Jueswudes [eseg ‘7/ xed JO @[ppiu UL powae a[Rut Jo UAMIOPGe Jo JuUOUTDES [ese "7 ‘pozVAV[a A[Gee} V10Y4} SepITEqGNy} of, * 4/4 peyeasja ATsnonortdsuo0d a1} Seld1eqny oy, *Y IV[NI1EGN} Sse] 10 BLOW YIM o[PpluL ynoqe eaAZA[y “WY ‘adors [vordv UO sapo1eqn} pezefost ynoyyIM earyAT “Cd a ae IOMOIIVU PUB JoT[VUIS Yon “C6 vee eae see eee qsnqol pue od1e'T ef) ‘ado[s [worde wo sajoreqn} pozRpoOst YIIM vaZAPy “q ‘odojs [vordu uo soinjound quenpyuod ATssIOASUBIY JNOYAIM BIZATHE “OO a2 “is a ze “* sou0 UBIPEUL ULYY Jo]]vUIS YOO [Vseg “12 a0 2 a= “* s9uo UVIPOUL UBYY LOdIV] YYOO) [eseg ‘2 ‘o[Pplul UL 94eV4ZUepP SapIg “YY oppplu Ul eyv}yuep you xeva1oyyord Jo seplig “Y ‘odoys pvorde uo Juenfuod Afastoasuvsy somgound Luvut YY BATA “O ‘odojs [vordu 0} oseq WOIJ JOUTYSIP VIAYS UBIpoU OU ITM BAA “EET eae tae see sae sae sae sae ae yleqd ‘DD qed “b ‘O4IS OFNULUT JQ “ff sjods oJVOSNFUL YIM BIQATOP yy ‘ OFV[NOVULUE BIZATHY ,, ‘OZIS O}YVIIpOW J—) ‘f ‘odojs [Botd¥’ OF vsvy WOU} JOULYSIP OVIIGS URIpeU OYJ JO oWOS ITM VAZATHT “¢| ‘peoulIvun BIOUE, JUOIY “WV VOAOJ POUTYSIP V YYIM Juowusos JY ,. udIssvidep UBIPOUL o[Goo} BV ILM oVUl Jo Uswmopqe jo Juowses YAIIy , ‘O[pptu JnNoge {00} OM YIIM opis Yoey *va te ihe uk a 3 “* @[pplur 4B F400} 9uUO YIM Opis Yorn ‘a ‘ayequap Ajsnonordsuoo sepig “ppp oyvjuep Jou ynq efpplu ul ozVpnsue sepig “pp ey8}uep Afsnonoidsuoyd jou ynq poezeynpun xvsoyzord Jo sepig “p ‘OYL[NIeqny-u0U BAZATH *9q poulre JOU JUEUTGES [BSeg 99 “* g[ppru ul pewae Ajsnonordsuos ajvul Jo UsWIOpP|L Jo JUoUTBES [Vseg * ‘OPLPMITOGNY VAZAT HP *¢ ‘SoTO}JOU TOUS JNOYITM “YY O[pplu JFHOGV svyoJou Joulpsip OMY YYIM XBaotjord Jo opis Youygp *y ‘poule BViowoy JUOI ST “Y tee sae ane see sae see ‘SUOT}VAVTO sae oe sae one eae ee see eae see see sae sae eae see sae see sae tae nae eae hae see sae sae eee eee DLO UWOD SUVLOIVAZUL D]]VIOLIVUL vipa wazuaprg Dynyja DUAWIOGaDYL DPVILZSTULIS SlLquaarsng Wo} DOOD 238 D}PDUIIUN SIMZUFAYNILI GN} Dia fiyas Durissijynpound psoLod DMI DLVUL DpYINIIWADB $1)0JUALLO Dasnforpaw ATplVMUL X9AU0D soBpry celal . . see eae ATpaeagno XOAUOO [BI JO USUIOPge Jo ssedord [VxOoIEJUI Jo sespIy “g ‘OZIS 94YBIOPOUL JQ “O() OZIS OFNUIU JQ ‘CO ‘o[pplur Ul oyvjueplun ATqoo} 4soul 4B epIs Yorm “NN s[ppru Ul eyequeptq A[QouNWsIp xvsoyzord Jo opts your "N ‘oreqour ATsnonordsuoo pue yreq “WW oyyeyour Ajsnonordsuoo you pue o[eg “IW ‘ared o[pprur jo Ofetm jo ovlqr pury jo xedy “TT ae ait Boer JO FIUUNs Jnoqe AB[Nsed ssa, Yonut sdoys [vorde jo uorjerng “bp ne yhoysnoryy, snonordsuoo adojzs [vorde jo UOTYELIYG “dD ‘ared o[ppru jo xode uvy} r0prm yonu eeu jo oviqty puly jo xedy ‘7 ‘o10Y} OSPLI O[SuIS B YIM ysouL ye UOMOpqy SB ae ya uae "3 ssodoud [e¥x00.104 Ul JO opts Yove uo aspta onbiyqo eqnop ev yyIM eeu jo usWIOpgy “¥ ‘o[ppru ul pozywosnsur you e[vul jo oriqry, “PL O[PProl UL pexvosNjul e[eur fo SvIqIy, “if ‘YOUS JNOYFIM o[VUL JO OVIGI} PUL, “TT xodv 4v yooy poammool v YIM o[eur Jo ovrqry pulpy ‘T ‘YouS FNOoyZIM o[Vur Jo quoewsoes [eseg “FH e[eteqn} uvIpeu ‘osnyqo ‘edue] & 44M oTeuT Jo UsULOpge Jo JUSWISes [ese * FT "Gons JNOYFIM [VU fo avIqty pulF, “99 o[}staq [Borde snonordsuod A19A pue Buoy, & yy Yoo o[Vu Jo ovIqi} pulfyT “9 ‘eSIBOO puv osuep AT[eNsnuN Jou seangound [eayary “Poy va ie O[PPru UL o7eqQuepIq sepIg “dd e[ppru ul o}equeptun xeaoyyord jo septig -d ‘e[QVYvVuel Jou [vu jo usamMOpPqy ‘00 a[qeyreuor ATYSIy ofVu Jo uswOpqy °o O19} JOUTZSIP OVLI4S [VINJNSQNsS 9o14} ISBT FY “wu odors [vorde uo Jourqstp vrays [eIngnsqns oy A[UQ *u “9s1voo puv osuep AT[VvnsnuN seingound yeayA[q “7 ‘O[Ppl JNoGe SUOIZBAV[A IB[NOIOGN} JNOYIIM BVAIQATOE “OPOT st wae fe ap xode 0} penuy ‘10 ‘o[pprul UI pexeosnjur jou ovuueJUy “wu ueomjoq Jojvd pue “a[pprut ur pozvosnjur oeuueyUy “w xede uvy} aieprm [[e ye Jt AToouvos “aod UuoTZBOSnJUL ueYyy ‘os FI xede pue ours 239 Notes on TABLE. A. The sides of the prothorax of jugularis are variable, but most specimens of it would be associated with lateridens ; it is, however, a very distinct species, and widely separated geographically from all others of A. B. The striae of striatipennis contain in parts two irregu- lar rows of punctures; and on many species irregular rows of punctures are traceable throughout, but it is usually only on the apical slope that the striation becomes pronounced. E. On armiventris and mediofusca the tubercular eleva- tions are very feeble, but as they are differently coloured to the adjacent parts, and impunctate, they are fairly distinct. FF. Scitula should be included here, but was omitted as its male is unknown. I. The hook at the apex of the hind tibiae of wncinata is very conspicuous from certain directions, but owing to the adjacent clothing it is partly concealed from others. GELOPTERA GENICULATA, Baly. Agetus corinthius, Lef. Bi. yi hie neg: In Masters’ Catalogue geniculata is given as a synonym of Colaspis corinthius, Boi. It is an abundant species in Western Australia, from the Swan River to King George Sound, and I have seen it from no other State. But C. corinthius was described by Boisduval from New Guinea. The original description is quite useless for purposes of identifica- tion, as it would apply to many species of the subfamily ; but, if the locality given be correct, I cannot believe that it is identical with geniculata. But Agetus corinthius, Lef., (84) described as from King George Sound, is certainly synonymous with that species. GELOPTERA TUBERCULATA, Baly. Pl. yin tig, of: A very abundant species in Western Australia, and although normally living on eucalypti, it has frequently been known to do serious injury to almond and apple trees. GELOPTERA NoDosA, Clark (1865). Terillus vittatus, Baly (1877). (?) 7. rotundicollis, Chp. (1874). Pl. vii., fig. 83. Mr. Arrow sent for examination a specimen of Zeril/lus vittatus, labelled both as ‘“Type” and “Co-type” (evidently (84) ] have only seen a written copy of Lefevre’s description, without comments. 240 the latter, although it agrees exactly with the description), with a locality label “Albany River’ (evidently, however, Albany or King George Sound). It was recorded as from Rockhampton, in Queensland, but evidently in error. A specimen from Beverley in the Museum belongs to the same species, but its prothorax has but four small tubercles near the apex, instead of six, and the sublateral foveae much reduced in size, although traceable; the post-humeral foveae of its elytra are also much less conspicuous than on the co-type; on another specimen there are but two small sub- apical tubercles on the prothorax. The species occurs from the Swan River to King George Sound, and varies in length from 5 to7 mm. It was previously named nodosa by Clark; and it is possibly also the species named T'eri/us rotundicollis by Chapuis. GELOPTERA JUGULARIS, Er. (formerly Colaspis ). (8) Edusa singuwlaris, Blackb. Pl. vial; fig. 76; A fairly common species in Tasmania and the mountainous parts of Victoria. The commonest form is bronzy, sometimes with a brassy gloss; but the species varies to golden-red, green, brassy-green, blue, and deep purple. The uneven sides of prothorax and glabrous upper-surface are at variance with Edusa, to which genus it was referred by Blackburn. Division 7. GELOPTERA INAEQUALIS, N. sp. 3. Of a coppery-bronze, in places with greenish reflec- tions; antennae infuscated, two basal joints and tips of the four following ones flavous ; legs varying in places from flavous to bronze. Head with several shghtly-elevated impunctate spaces, elsewhere with fairly large irregularly distributed punctures, denser and smaller on clypeus than elsewhere. Eyes large. Prothorax uneven, with three conspicuous impunctate eleva- tions and some very irregular smaller ones; punctures fairly large but very irregularly distributed ; each side with two very feeble teeth about middle. Hlytra very uneven; each with a fairly large tubercle about middle, shoulder subtuberculate, between same and suture an elevation with three or four ridges, apical slope conspicuously striated, the interstices there conspicuously elevated and of irregular widths; punctures rather dense, large, and irregular. Basal segment of abdomen with an interrupted longitudinal median ridge, fourth segment (85) In Masters’ Catalogue standing inder Agetinus. 241 elevated in middle of apex, fifth transversely impressed. Length (d, @), 5-54 mm. Q. Differs in having somewhat smaller eyes, and more’ strongly convex and simple abdomen. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3485. With more conspicuous tubercles than usual and in very different positions to those of albertisz. The knees are more or less metallic, the tibiae are pale at the base and gradually darken to near apex, when they suddenly become much paler. The impunctate spaces on the head are not alike on any of the three specimens in the Museum. GELOPTERA ARMIVENTRIS, n. sp. ¢. Of a greenish-bronze, the elevated parts more or less ‘coppery; labrum and appendages of a more or less dingy- flavous, but tips of some antennal joints, tarsi, and knees infuscated. , Head with dense punctures of small and moderate size ‘ intermixed. Eyes fairly large and conspicuously notched. Prothorax with dense and rather coarse punctures, but leaving two small impunctate spaces about middle; each side with two obtuse submedian teeth, angles rather distinctly armed. Elytra with punctures much as on prothorax ; apical slope with regular striae and conspicuously elevated interstices, elsewhere with remnants of same. Abdomen with an acutely conical tubercle at middle of apex of basal segment, fourth elevated in middle of apex, fifth depressed in middle and encroaching on third. Wind t¢b:ae with a conspicuous obtuse spur at inner apex. Length, 5 mm. Hah.—Queensland: Coen River (W. D. Dodd). Type (unique), I. 3486. In general appearance like tibialis, and abdomen of male also with basal segment armed, but front femora edentate, and hind tibiae different at apex. The striation of the elytra is very pronounced posteriorly. GELOPTERA MEDIOFUSCA, Nn. sp. dg. Of a greenish-bronze, the elevated parts more or less coppery:; labrum and appendages more or less flavous, but middle of antennae and knees infuscated. Head with rather numerous punctures of moderate size ; a shallow impression between eyes; these rather lightly notched. Prothorar with dense and rather coarse punctures ; each side with a small median tooth. Hlytra with punctures mostly slightly larger than on prothorax; apical slope with regular striae and rounded interstices, only traceable as rem- nants elsewhere. Basal segment of abdomen depressed in 242 middle, fourth elevated in middle of apex, fifth depressed in middle. Length (3, @), 34-4 mm. Q. Differs in having somewhat smaller eyes, shorter legs, and more strongly and evenly convex abdomen. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3487. On two females the tibiae and tarsi are rather deeply infuscated. GELOPTERA ORIENTALIS, 0. sp. Pl vais, ties)’ 7p and 72: 3. Ofalivid-brown with a bronzy or bronzy-green gloss, subtuberculate parts of prothorax and of elytra darker ; labrum and appendages flavous, knees, and sometimes other parts of legs, and apical parts of antennae infuscated. Head with numerous (but not crowded) punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and more crowded about base. Prothorax somewhat uneven, a shallow depression towards each side, a small submedian tooth on each side; with dense and fairly coarse punctures. Hlytra with well-defined but somewhat irregular striae and punctures on apical slope, else- where with but remnants of same; punctures much as on prothorax. Abdomen flattened along middle, fifth segment transversely impressed. Length (d, 9), 34-6 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more strongly and evenly convex, and in the basal joint of four front tarsi being much smaller. Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (Blackburn’s collection, A. J. Coates, T. McGregor, and A. J. Turner), Gympie (R. Illidge), Mount Tambourine ; New South Wales: Wollongong, Gosford, Galston (A. M. Lea), Sydney (H. J. Carter and British Museum). Type, I. 3488. Frequently only the basal half of each femur is con- spicuously flavous; sometimes only the three basal joints of antennae are entirely pale. On each of the three or four basal segments of abdomen of the male there are some long con- spicuous hairs, and these form a straggling row on each side of the middle. Similar hairs are to be seen on the males of many other species of the genus, but as they appear to be easily abraded it was usually not considered desirable to men- tion them. The submedian tooth on each side of the prothorax varies from being fairly acute to being a scarcely traceable angulation of the margin, and the one on the right sometimes differs from the one on the left. There are usually two or three fairly distinct impunctate spaces on the pronotum, but they are often absent. On each elytron the third interstice about the middle is feebly elevated and darker than the adjacent parts, so that it appears as a fairly well-defined depressed tubercle ; 243 it is somewhat similarly defined about the base, and the fourth is somewhat similar but longer about summit of apical slope, each shoulder also appears to be subtuberculate. Hight males (from Galston and Sydney) appear to belong to this species, but differ in being thinner, more depressed, and paler. On the apical segment of abdomen there is a distinct depression across most of its extent, and appearing subfoveate in middle ; anterior to this there appear to be feeble tubercular swellings. On the typical form the median subfoveate impres- sion is more than twice as wide, shallower, and the subtuber- culate appearance is absent. One specimen (from Brisbane) has elytra of a rather pale-flavous, but with three series of elongated brassy spots, the first near base, the second before middle, and the third crowning the apical slope ; ; 1ts PURSES are also decidedly coarser than usual. GELOPTERA SETIFERA, 0. Sp. PRs fig. (735 pl. vain, fies oh 20: g. Of a livid-brown or testaceous, with a bronzy-green gloss, but some parts bronzy-green ; appendages paler. Head with punctures of moderate size but not very dense, becoming denser and smaller about base and on clypeus; shallowly impressed between eyes; these rather conspicuously notched. Prothorax somewhat uneven, usually with two or three small impunctate spaces, each side with two small sub- median teeth; punctures dense and rather coarse, denser on sides than in middle. SHlytra with well-defined striae and interstices on apical half, elsewhere punctures more or less irregularly distributed. dbdomen depressed along middle, intercoxal process with a distinct ridge on each side, its end appearing as a subconical tooth, fourth segment shallowly foveate in middle, fifth elevated in middle of apex. Hind tibiae each with a small recurved hook, and a long apical bristle; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length, 4-44 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen evenly convex and simple, hind tibiae without apical hook and bristle, and basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller. Hab.—Queensland: Mackay (R. E. Turner), Bundaberg, Cairns district (E. W. Ferguson and A. M. Lea), Cairns, Rockhampton (Macleay Museum). Type, I. 3036. ~,The abdomen of the male appears to be composed of six segments owing to the pygidium strongly encroaching on the fifth, across the middle of the pygidium there is a conspicuous ridge, and this from the sides appears as a subconical tubercle, the two basal segments have numerous long hairs in the middle 244 The hind tibiae are also very distinctive. The intensity of the colours varies considerably; on many specimens the head, prothorax, metasternum, and abdomen appear to be of a livid- brown, with a distinct metallic gloss, on others the colour is so much darker that they appear to be almost black, with a conspicuous greenish gloss; the knees (frequently only the hind ones), some (or none) of the tarsal joints, and the tips of from one to five of the apical joints of antennae are more or less infuscated. GELOPTERA TUBERCULIVENTRIS, N. sp. ¢. Of a livid greenish-bronze, the elevated parts more or less coppery ; appendages flavous, some parts infuscated. Head with several impunctate spaces, elsewhere with crowded punctures, denser at base and on clypeus than else- where. Prothorax somewhat uneven, with three small impunctate spaces, each side with two feeble submedian teeth ;. punctures dense and moderately large. Hlytra with regular striae and interstices only on apical slope, but elsewhere the punctures (which are generally slightly larger than those on prothorax) frequently have a sublineate arrangement. Basal segment of abdomen with a large obtuse tubercle, fourth longer than second and third combined, fifth with a small median fovea. Hind tvbiae curved, dilated and compressed in middle ; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 5-55 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen strongly and evenly convex, basal segment non-tuberculate, fourth no longer than third, fifth non- -foveate, hind tibiae shorter and simple, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection), Brisbane (H. J. Carter), Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3489. Of the antennae the fourth to eleventh joints are each partly infuscated, the knees and middle of tibiae are also infuscated. At the basal third of elytra some of the punctures are transversely confluent. GELOPTERA UNCINATA, N. sp. PI. vii., figs eps ao, 127: ¢. Colours much as in preceding species. Head, prothorax, and elytra much as in preceding species,. except that each side of the prothorax is obtusely undulated about the middle, leaving but one obtuse median tooth. Basal segment of abdomen depressed in middle, fifth very short in middle. Hind tebiae long, rather strongly curved about apex, terminated by a recurved hook, upper-surface longitudinally concave near apex; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated, of the hind ones unusually long. Length, 43 mm. 245 Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection). Type (unique), I. 3490. In general appearance strikingly close to the preceding species, but readily distinguished therefrom by the non-tuber- culate abdomen. From composita the hooked hind tibiae are at once distinctive, the hook from some directions is partially concealed by setae, but from others is very conspicuous. GELOPTERA COATESI, Nn. sp. d. Of a dark greenish-bronze, the elevated parts with a feeble coppery gloss; appendages flavous or testaceous, but eight apical joints of antennae, knees, and middle of tibiae more or less infuscated. Head with dense and somewhat irregular punctures,. denser and smaller at base and on clypeus than elsewhere. Prothorax and elytra much as in tuberculiventris. Basal seg- ment of abdomen flattened in middle, fourth and fifth elevated in middle of apex. Basal joint of four front tars: distinctly inflated. Length (3, 9), 5-54 mm. Q. Differs in having abdomen more evenly convex, hind tibiae shorter and less curved, and basal joint of four front tarsi smaller. /Tab.—Queensland: Brisbane (C. McGregor and A. J. Coates), Cairns (E. Allen). Type, I. 3491. _ In general appearance strikingly close to composita, with which I had at one time confused it, but readily distinguished by the hind tibiae of the male; these are longer, more curved, with different clothing, upper-surface different and thinner, and otherwise different towards and at apex. Parts of the under-surface are obscurely diluted with red. On the male there 1s a distinct depression, almost a fovea, between the eyes, on one female the depression is traceable, but from another it is entirely absent. GELOPTERA INTERCOXALIS, n. sp. *” ¢. Of a vivid-green or brassy-green; head and under- surface castaneous with a greenish gloss: appendages flavous, tip of palpi and tips of three (or more) of apical joints of antennae infuscated. ‘lead with dense and fairly coarse punctures between eyes, becoming smaller and denser at base and on clypeus, a shallow, irregular impression between eyes. Prothoraz slightly uneven, sides feebly undulated and without distinct submedian teeth ; with dense and coarse punctures on sides, smaller about middle, and leaving three almost impunctate spaces. Elytra with regular striae and interstices on apical slope, elsewhere with 246 irregular punctures. Abdomen flattened along middle, each side of intercoxal process with an acute ridge terminating as a subconical tubercle, fifth segment very short in middle, where it is encroached upon by pygidium, fourth as long as second and third combined. Basal joint of four front tars: distinctly inflated. Length, 44 mm. Q.(8) Differs in having the abdomen strongly and evenly convex, without ridges on basal segment, the fourth no longer than third, hind tibiae somewhat shorter, and in the tarsi. /lab.—Queensland: Endeavour River (Macleay Museum), Cairns (KE. Allen). Type, I. 3492. The ridges on the basal segment of abdomen are curved, with the convex side so placed that if the two were continued they would at length form a circle or ellipse; in this they differ from the following species, where each ridge follows the line of the coxa. GELOPTERA COMPOSITA, N. sp. 3. Coppery-bronze, under-surface diluted with red; appendages flavous, knees and tips of four (or more) of apical joints of antennae infuscated. /ITead with some small smooth spaces, and with dense punctures, becoming smaller and denser at base and on clypeus; with a vague depression in middle. Prothorax and elytra much as in tuberculiventris. Basal segment of abdomen depressed in middle, a curved ridge margining each hind coxa. Four front tars: with basal joint inflated. Length (¢, 9), 4-43 mm. Q. Differs in having abdomen more evenly convex, hind tibiae shorter, and basal joint of four front tarsi smaller. Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (Macleay Museum and A. J. Coates), Galston (D. Dumbrell and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3493. In general appearance close to twberculiventris, but abdomen and hind tibiae very different. GELOPTERA SCITULA, N. sp. Q. Greenish-bronze, elevated parts with a vague cop- pery gloss; appendages testaceous or flavous, some parts darker. Head with numerous punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and denser on clypeus and just behind same. Prothorax rather convex, sides gently undulated and scarcely dentate about middle, sides with very dense punctures of moderate size, becoming sparser about middle, and leaving two or three small, almost impunctate spaces. H/ytra with regular striae and (86) In the Macleay Museum. 247 interstices only on apical slope, elsewhere the punctures are mostly subgeminate in arrangement, but becoming denser and irregular about basal third. Length, 45-5 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Gayndah (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3494. The hind knees are deeply infuscated, the others are not at all or scarcely darker than the adjacent parts; the tips of the five apical joints of antennae are also infuscated. This species was not included in the table as only females are known of it; it is, however, sufficiently distinct, and differs from the five preceding ones by the considerably denser and smaller prothoracic punctures, somewhat different margins, and different elytral punctures. One specimen (from Brisbane, T. McGregor) is of a bright bluish-green, but otherwise agrees with the ones from Gayndah; it at first appears to belong to intercoxalis, but the punctures at sides of prothorax are much denser and not half the size of those of that species. GELOPTERA ELUTA, 0. sp. Pl. vili., fig. 122. ¢. Flavo-castaneous, with a vague metallic gloss; appendages flavous, but knees and tips of three apical joints of antennae infuscated. Head with rather small and not dense but well-defined punctures, becoming smaller and denser on clypeus; a shallow depression between eyes. Prothoraz with sides somewhat undulated about middle; punctures neither very large nor dense about middle, but becoming larger and crowded on sides. Elytra with dense punctures of moderate size, more crowded behind shoulders than elsewhere, and transversely confluent there, in places in subgeminate rows, and on apical slope con- fined to regular deep striae. Flanks of prosternum shining, and with a few scattered punctures. Abdomen with some long hairs along each side of middle, fourth segment about as long as third and fourth combined, fifth shallowly depressed in middle. Femora stout, edentate ; hind tibiae rather long, gently curved in middle, lightly dilated to apex, which is acutely armed on the lower-surface, and scarcely wider than the apex of the middle pair; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length, 44-54 mm. @. Differs in having the abdomen more convex, fourth segment much shorter, hind tibiae straighter, unarmed at apex, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Port Denison. Type, in Macleay Museum ; co-type, I. 3641, in South Australian Museum. Although tabled with composita, not very close to that species in general appearance, from which also it differs in the 248 elytra strongly striated posteriorly, and hind tibiae of male wider and otherwise different at apex. In build it is close to interco.ralis, but the abdomen is very different. The female differs from the female (the only sex known) of seitula in having the elytra longer, less conspicuously wider than the prothorax, with larger punctures, more of which are trans- versely confluent, and striation even deeper on apical slope. On one male there is a fairly distinct median line on the head, but from another male and from a female it is entirely absent. GELOPTERA BASIVENTRIS, Nn. sp. Pl. vui., fig. 94. 3. Flavo-castaneous, appendages flavous. Iicad with rather dense and well-defined but not very large punctures, becoming irregular between eyes, and minute on front of clypeus. Prothorar with sides feebly dentate or undulated about middle, surface somewhat uneven ; with dense and fairly large punctures, becoming crowded on sides. Elytra much as those of preceding species, except that the punctures are somewhat larger. Flanks of prosternuwm with distinct and rather numerous punctures. Abdomen with a conspicuous, double, oblique ridge on each side of intercoxal process, the two connected by a single ridge, fourth segment as long as second and third combined, fifth with a wide and deep median fovea, open posteriorly. Femora unarmed: hind tibiae rather thin and gently curved, not very wide at apex. Length, 4{-5 mm. Q. Differs as in preceding species. Hab.—Queensland: Endeavour River. Type, in Macleay Museum : co-type, I. 3642, in South Australian Museum. In general appearance strikingly close to the preceding species, but readily distinguished by the abdomen of the male, each side of the intercoxal process of which has a double ridge. On intercovalis there is a strong ridge on each side, but each is single, and from the side appears to end in a conspicuous triangle; that species also has not the conspicuous apical fovea of the present species. On the type there is scarcely any metallic gloss, but on three females the upper-surface has a distinct bluish gloss, becoming fainter on the under-surface, but on one female the pronotum is conspicuously metallic; the knees are lightly infuscated ; on the male the tip of the antennae only is infus- cated,. on the females the tips of the three apical joints are. On the male the median line of the head is feebly impressed, but from the females it is entirely absent. The front tarsi of the male are missing, but the basal joint of the middle pair is distinctly inflated. 249 GELOPTERA SEMISTRIATA, N. sp. ¢. Flavous. /lead with not very dense punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and denser on front of clypeus; a depression between eyes. Prothorar with sides somewhat undulated about middle, but scarcely dentate ; surface uneven and with irregu- larly distributed punctures of moderate size, becoming larger and crowded on sides. Alytra with regular deep. striae from before middle to apex, each stria with distinct punc- tures, elsewhere with more or less geminate rows of punctures. Flanks of prosternum with a few scattered punctures. Abdomen with fourth segment as long as second and third combined, fifth narrowly impressed across middle. Femora stout, unarmed; hind tibiae with apical fourth distinctly inflated and conspicuously wider than that of middle pair; basal joint of four front tarsi elongated, but not conspicuously inflated. Length, 3 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns. Type (unique) in Macleay Museum. | The elytral striation is conspicuously continued to a greater distance from the apex than on most species of the genus, but is not continued to the base, although irregular rows of punctures are almost so traceable. Except for the black eyes, no part is distinctly darker than another, but the apical half of the antennae is slightly darker than the basal ; metallic gloss is entirely absent from the type. GELOPTERA RHAEBOCNEMA, N.. sp. Pl. viil., figs. 123 and 124. 3. Bronzy with a greenish gloss, part of abdomen paler ; labrum and appendages flavous, but knees and five apical joints of antennae more or less distinctly infuscated. /Tead with fairly dense but not very large punctures, becoming confluent in places and smaller on front of clypeus than elsewhere, a vague depression between eyes. Prothorar with almost evenly rounded sides; punctures dense and moderately large, not much larger on sides than elsewhere. EKlytra rather elongate: with subgeminate rows of moderately large punctures, larger across basal fourth than elsewhere and mostly confined to striae on apical slope. Abdomen with fourth segment as long as second and third combined, its apical third transversely irregularly impressed across middle, fifth narrowly impressed across middle, and in middle deepened to: a fovea. Femora stout, edentate; hind tibiae rather long, distinctly curved in middle, apex wide and irregular: basal joint of four front tarsi rather long, of the front ones some- what inflated. Length, 54 mm. 250 Hab.—North-western Australia. Type (unique) in Macleay Museum. Of the general appearance of twherculiventris and uncinata, but abdomen and apex of hind tibiae very different. From some directions the elytra appear to be uniformly bronzy, but from others the depressed parts appear to be dark metallic- green, and the elevated parts (the feebly-elevated interstices between the subgeminate rows) brassy. GELOPTERA BIDENTIMEDIA, 0. Sp. Pl. vii., fig. 75. g. Of a greenish-bronze, elytra and under-surface some- what paler; labrum and appendages flavous, but knees and five apical joints of antennae infuscated. Head with dense, and not very large, but sharply-defined punctures, larger between eyes and smaller in front of clypeus than elsewhere. Prothorax with two conspicuous teeth on each side about middle; punctures slighter larger but other- wise as on preceding species. lytra with somewhat denser and larger punctures than on preceding species, but otherwise much the same. Flanks of prosternum with punctures as on adjacent portion of pronotum. Fourth segment of abdomen gently convex, almost as long as second and third combined, fifth transversely foveate in middle of apex. Femora stout, edentate ; hind tibiae rather elongate, gently dilated to apex, which is scarcely wider than that of middle pair; basal joint of four front tarsi somewhat inflated. Hab.—Queensland: Endeavour River. Type (unique) in Macleay Museum. In general appearance like the preceding species and composita, but sides of prothorax conspicuously bidentate in middle. GELOPTERA POROSA, N. sp. ¢. Of a livid-brown with a bronzy-green gloss; appen- dages somewhat paler, knees (frequently only the hind ones) and tip of antennae infuscated. Head with dense punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and more crowded on clypeus; eyes smaller but more prominent than usual and rather conspicuously notched. Prothorar evenly and rather strongly convex, each side with an acute median tooth; with dense, rather large and deep punctures, rather more crowded on sides than on disc. Hlytra with dense punctures, somewhat larger than on prothorax. Abdomen widely flattened but somewhat uneven along middle. Basal joint of four front tars: strongly inflated. Length, 4-6 mm. z | 251 @. Differs in being somewhat stouter, abdomen evenly convex, and basal joint of four front tarsi smaller. Hab.—New South Wales: Clarence River (A. and F. R. Zietz), Sydney (Macleay Museum, H. H. D. Griffith, E. W. Ferguson, and British Museum, from C. Darwin), Camden (Macleay Museum), Gosford (H. J. Carter), Wollongong, Galston (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3040. In general appearance strikingly close to the following species, but abdomen of male utterly different. The sizes of the punctures vary considerably between different individuals, on some of them the basal ones on the head are more or less obliquely confluent ; on the basal half of elytra they are almost honeycomb-like in arrangement, but posteriorly they are in almost regular rows, with regular or feebly undulated inter- stices. GELOPTERA MIRACULA, N.. sp. 3o. Of a dull-red, with a greenish or bluish gloss; appendages paler, tips of palpi and of antennae, knees (fre- quently only the hind ones), and sometimes parts of tarsi infuscated. Head with crowded punctures, becoming sparser towards base, on clypeus smaller and sparser about base, and much smaller and sparser in front. Prothorax moderately convex, each side with a distinct but obtuse submedian tooth, with crowded, deep, and fairly-large punctures, more irregular about middle than on sides. Hlytra rather short and wide, with crowded punctures, distinctly larger than on prothorax, becoming lineate in arrangement with undulated interstices posteriorly. Abdomen widely concave along middle, inter- coxal process with a strongly elevated tubercle on each side, each tubercle partly overhanging the coxa and with a con- spicuous fascicle, third and fourth segments each with a fascicle on each side of excavation, fifth largely excavated in middle and each side of excavation with a round fovea. Basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 5-6 mm. @. Differs in having the abdomen strongly convex and simple, and basal joint of four front tarsi somewhat smaller. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (E. Allen, J. A. Anderson, H. Hacker, and A. M. Lea), Rockhampton (Macleay Museum). Type, I. 3495. Very distinct from all others of the subfamily by the abdomen of the male; this at first appears to be composed of seven segments, but this is due to the pygidium (which is itself transversely depressed so as to appear double) greatly encroach- ing on the under-surface. The prothorax and sides of elytra frequently appear to be of a rather vivid-green. On many 252 specimens the front of the clypeus appears to be almost impunctate. GELOPTERA PUNCTATISSIMA, Nn. sp. Pl. vii., fig. 76. Q. Castaneous; margins of prothorax and of elytra metallic-blue, labrum and appendages flavous, but knees lightly, and apical portion of antennae deeply infuscated. /lead with crowded and fairly large punctures, suddenly becoming much smaller on clypeus. Prothoraxr with front and hind angles more distinctly armed than usual, each side with two conspicuous teeth about middle; with crowded punctures of moderate size, but leaving a few subgranulate spaces. Scutellum polished and minutely punctate. H#lytra with crowded punctures, about base as large as those of prothorax, but smaller posteriorly, mostly in irregular double rows, the interstices between same irregularly elevated. Flanks of prosternum with punctures as on adjacent portion of prono- tum. femora unarmed. Length, 6-64 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns. Type, in Macleay Museum ; co-type, I. 3639, in South Australian Museum. The sculpture of the elytra is somewhat similar to that of Alittus rugipennis, but that of the prothorax is very different. In the table it was not referred to C as the punctures on the apical slope of the elytra, although crowded, are not trans- versely confluent, being deeply separately impressed; and it has been associated with oo (although I do not know its male), as the abdomen of the male of miracu/a is so remarkable that the two species are not hkely to be confused. Parts of the under-surface have a vague bluish gloss, the abdomen is paler than the upper-surface although darker than the legs, there is some fine pubescence on the apical slope of the elytra. The elytral striae are distinct, but are not sharply defined even on the apical slope; seen directly from behind, the elytra appear to have irregular striae with irregular interstices, the latter from some directions appear to be in the form of partially connected rows of granules, many of which, however, are transversely placed. GELOPTERA STRIATIPENNIS, n. sp. Pl. vil iitesiijeand 78. 3. Of a dingy lvid-brown, some parts with a slight metallic gloss; hind knees and parts of under-surface infus- ‘cated. Head with crowded and rather coarse punctures, becoming much smaller on clypeus. Prothorar with crowded, deep, and rather large punctures; each side with two small submedian 253 teeth. Llyfra with dense and large punctures, in irregular double rows from base to apical slope, thence in single rows to apex; interstices sharply defined. Abdomen evenly convex along middle. Basal joint of four front tars: strongly inflated. Length, 43-54 mm. ©. Differs in having somewhat smaller eyes, abdomen wider, and basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3496. Readily distinguished from all others of genus by the elytral sculpture ; the interstices are sharply convex and quite straight on the apical slope, where each is separated by one row of punctures, but where the rows become double they somewhat decrease in height, and in places become gently undulating. The eyes are larger and the legs and antennae longer than is usual. From some directions each shoulder appears to be feebly armed. The antennae and palpi are of uniform colour throughout. On six specimens each side of the prothorax has a small median tooth, and another between same and base, but on a seventh only the median tooth is present, a deep notch separating it from the basal angle. The sexes are readily distinguished by the tarsi, but not by the abdomen. GELOPTERA TETRASPILOTA, Nn. Sp. 3. Castaneous, base of femora and elytra paler, but the latter with suture darker and with four infuscated spots: apical joint of antennae blackish. Head with crowded punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller on clypeus ; median line rather well defined. Prothorax with sides subangulate about middle, near base distinctly notched; with crowded, deep punctures of moderate size. Elytra with crowded punctures in double rows, becoming smaller posteriorly, but even there in double or semi-double rows. Basal segment of abdomen flat in middle, second, third, and fourth subequal, fifth with a small median fovea. Memora stout, edentate; hind tibiae almost regularly dilated to apex and not much wider there than on middle pair; basal joint of four front tarsi somewhat inflated. Length, 5 mm. lab.—New South Wales: Acacia Creek (H. J. Carter). ‘Type (unique), I. 3640. The elytral spots, whilst distinct to the naked eye, are not sharply defined; on each elytron the first is median and transverse, touching the side but not the suture, the second is just below summit of apical slope and touches neither the side nor suture. The interstices between the double rows of punctures on the elytra are rather narrow and distinctly 254 raised, and are so encroached upon by the punctures that from some directions they appear almost regularly undulated from base to apex; they cause the elytra to appear striated from base to apex, although true striae should perhaps be regarded as absent. GELOPTERA MINIMA, N. sp. Of a rather dingy-flavous or testaceous; under-surface somewhat darker than upper, appendages paler, but tip of antennae infuscated. ‘lead with numerous punctures of moderate size, smaller on front of clypeus than elsewhere; eyes fairly large, moderately notched. Antennae long and thin, second joint stouter than third and almost as long. VProthorax about twice as wide as median length, sides strongly rounded and sub- angulate about middle: with dense and rather coarse punc- tures, becoming sparser and irregular about middle. Hlytra punctate-striate, punctures well defined but becoming smaller posteriorly, and somewhat crowded and irregular on _ basal third, especially near suture. Length, 24-24 mm. Hab.—-Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, ToL Gs A very minute species, but I think correctly referred to Division J., although the angulation of the sides of the pro- thorax is very feeble, and on some specimens the sides about the middle appear to be quite evenly rounded ; on examination from the under-surface, however, a vague angulation may be seen, even on these specimens. The canaliculation of the tibiae is unusually feeble. The sexual differences are but slight; the male has the basal joint of the four front tarsi larger than in the female, the abdomen less convex, and the apical seg- ment with a small fovea. GELOPTERA PALLIPES, N. sp. Dark piceous-brown, in places almost black; head and parts of under-surface diluted with red, appendages flavous, tips of one to five apical joints of antennae infuscated. Head with numerous punctures, becoming sparser towards base and smaller and denser on clypeus. Prothorax with sides strongly rounded and obtusely dentate at middle; with crowded and rather large punctures, denser on sides than middle. Hlytra with punctures and striae much as on pre- ceding species, except that the punctures are rather larger about the base, and slightly smaller posteriorly. Length, 24-3 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3497. 255 Close to the preceding species and with similar sexual differences, but larger and darker, etc. There is usually a vague metallic-green gloss on the prothorax; the tips of the elytra are usually paler than before same, the base also, and the scutellum, are usually paler than the adjacent parts. On some specimens the punctures on the head are sparser than on others; although usually rather numerous they are never crowded together. GELOPTERA MICROCALLA, N. sp. 3. Purple; abdomen brownish, labrum and appendages flavous, but tip of antennae infuscated. ffead with dense punctures of moderate size, larger be- tween eyes and on base of clypeus than elsewhere, but small on lateral angles of clypeus. Prothorar with sides feebly undu- lated about middle, basal angles distinctly armed; with dense and fairly large punctures, becoming crowded on sides. Hlytra with dense and rather large punctures on basal half, becoming somewhat larger behind shoulders, about middle subgeminate in arrangement and becoming seriate posteriorly, where, to- wards suture, they are confined to striae. Fourth segment of abdomen about once and one-half the length of third, fifth very short. Femora rather stout, edentate; hind tibiae not very wide at apex ; basal joint of four front tarsi somewhat inflated. Length, 3 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Port Denison. Type in Macleay Museum. On the type there is neither a distinct median line on the head nor a distinct impression between the eyes. A specimen originally mounted on the same card with the male is possibly the female of the species; it differs in being somewhat wider, head with a small inter-ocular fovea and with a narrow median line traceable from same to base, abdomen with fourth segment longer and fifth shorter; the head, prothorax, and sterna brassy-green, in places becoming a vivid-green, and the elytra bronzy, with green margins; the abdomen and the appendages (but only the basal joint of each antenna and the hind legs are present) are coloured as those of the type. GELOPTERA IGNEONITENS, Baly. Pl. vii.;: igags Q. Head purple, with three oblique metallic-green lines starting from between eyes; prothorax purple, with all the margins narrowly green; scutellum green and purple; elytra bronzy-black, becoming purple towards sides, but the margins green; under-surface and legs bronzy or bronzy-green, in 256 places purplish: antennae black, the three basal joints in places diluted with red. Head with dense but not very large punctures, many of which are confluent, especially near the eyes ; these subreniform and widely notched. Prothorar almost thrice as wide as the median length, each side (including the angles) with five small teeth; with dense and fairly large punctures, becoming very crowded on sides, the elevated parts with much smaller ones. Elytra wide: with dense punctures more or less transversely confluent almost throughout, the elevated parts with small punctures. Length, 10 mm. /1ab.—North-western Australia: Shark Bay (C. French). An unusually large, robust species, with transverse rugo- sities of elytra unusually long, and giving most of the surface a somewhat vermiculate appearance, even on the apical slope, where only a few of the subsutural striae are traceable. The under-surface is rather densely pubescent, and the head is lightly so. On close examination the prothoracic punctures are seen to be of three kinds: dense and fairly large ones having a somewhat jagged appearance on the sides, much smaller but sharply-defined ones, and dense and minute ones that could easily be overlooked. Of the lateral teeth of the prothorax those at the angles are each provided with a distinct seta, of the others the subbasal one is much less defined than those in front of it. T had the description of this species written out as new, but fortunately Mr. Arrow sent a specimen for examination that was compared with the type, although from the descrip- tion I would never have considered it zyneonitens; the speci- men he sent is considerably smaller than the one in the South Australian Museum, and the colours vary somewhat, but otherwise they agree well. GELOPTERA HARDCASTLEI, Nn. Sp. PY. vit... ee ¢. Black; palpi, three basal joints of antennae and parts of others, and the claws testaceous. /lead with rather small, crowded punctures; with three feeble impunctate spaces. Eyes unusually large. Prothorax less than twice as wide as the median length, sides feebly undulated about middle, basal and apical angles armed ; with fairly dense punctures of moderate size, becoming larger and crowded on sides, interspaces with small punctures. Hytra suboblong; with dense and somewhat irregular punctures, mostly larger than on prothorax, becoming crowded, smaller, and frequently transversely confluent on apical slepe, but many transversely confluent elsewhere as well. Basal segment of 257 abdomen depressed in middle, fifth irregularly transversely depressed, and encroached upon by pygidium. Basal joint of each tarsus distinctly inflated. Length, 74 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle). Type (unique), I. 3499. In general appearance somewhat like the following species, but narrower, eyes larger, sides of prothorax less conspicuously irregular, etc.; like that species also, it might have been referred to Colaspoides. The tibiae from some directions appear to be very obscurely diluted with red. There is some very short pubescence between the eyes. There are a few subsutural striae on the apical slope, but elsewhere neither striae nor interstices are well defined; but there are feeble remnants of two or three interstices on each elytron almost throughout. Division 2. GELOPTERA LATERICOLLIS, n. sp. Pie viii, tig Si. Q. Black; labrum, palpi, four to six basal joints of antennae, and parts of some others testaceous, parts of under- surface and of legs obscurely diluted with red. Head with rather small but crowded punctures, many of which are obliquely confluent ; with a small median fovea and two small impunctate spaces; labrum almost as long as wide. Eyes distinctly notched and subreniform. Prothorax about twice as wide as median length, each side with a distinct notch on each side of middle; with moderately dense and fairly large, deep punctures, interspersed with numerous small ones. Hlytra suboblong; sides with dense, coarse, and frequently trans- versely confluent punctures, becoming smaller about base and much smaller about middle; striae and interstices distinct on apical slope only. Legs stout; front femora lightly but dis- tinctly dentate. Length, 10-104 mm. , Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection and H. J. Carter), Endeavour River (Macleay Museum). Type,. I. 3043. This species might have been referred to Colaspoides, and to the vicinity of such species as similis and parvidens, but as the undulation of the sides of prothorax is very pronounced it was referred to the present genus, several species of which have dentate femora; in general appearance it is close to the species identified (with doubt) by the late Rev. T. Blackburn as G. duboulayit. The upper-surface has in places a vague brassy gloss, and the under-surface a greenish one. The head is clothed with short pubescence. The labrum is of quite unusual length. J 25 GELOPTERA TIBIALIS, Nn. sp. Pl. viu., figs. 125 and 126. 3. Bronzy; appendages testaceous, in places infuscated. Head with crowded punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and denser on clypeus. Eyes rather widely notched. Prothorax somewhat uneven, each side with a conspicuous median tooth ; with dense and fairly coarse punctures, almost or quite absent from three feebly-elevated submedian spaces. Elytra uneven ; with dense and coarse punctures; striae and interstices well defined on apical slope. Basal segment of abdomen with a conspicuous conical tubercle in middle of apex, fourth depressed in middle of apex, and in middle before same with a feeble tubercle, sides encroaching on fifth, fifth with a wide median fovea. Front femora lightly but acutely dentate ; hind tibiae with a wide, thin, and somewhat curved apical flange, wider than the following joint and about the same length; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 43-5 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen evenly convex and simple, hind tibiae without the apical flange, and in the basal joint of four front tarsi being smaller. Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection and H. J. Carter): Coen River (H. Hacker and W. D. Dodd), Cairns (KE. Allen and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3500. Readily distinguishable from all other species by the abdomen and hind tibiae of the male; the former, owing to the pygidium, appears to be composed of six segments. The under- surface has usually a greenish gloss, but in places is obscurely diluted with red. From five to eight of the apical joints of antennae, the hind knees (or all of them), middle of tibiae, and three basal joints of tarsi, are more or less deeply infus- cated. On many specimens there are some small impunctate spaces on the head, but they are frequently absent; on the elytra, as well as on the prothorax, several small spaces, owing to absence of coarse punctures, appear like feebly-elevated tubercles. GELOPTERA CONCINNA, N. sp. 3. Golden-red; under-surface bronzy-green, becoming brassy in places, labrum and appendages flavous. Head with crowded punctures of moderate size, somewhat smaller on front of clypeus than elsewhere, and in places longitudinally confluent. Prothorax rather strongly convex, sides feebly undulated ; punctures as dense as on head, but somewhat larger. lytra with punctures of almost even size throughout, but somewhat larger than on prothorax, and 259 posteriorly becoming confined to striae. Front femora lightly but acutely dentate. Length, 34 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3501. . In some lights the elytra appear to have narrow green margins. Although the elytral punctures (except on parts cf the apical slope) are not in regular striae they appear to be in almost regular rows,. but about the basal third a few are transversely confluent. There are but seven joints of one antenna (and less of the other) present on the type, and these are entirely pale, but the tips of the palpi are infuscated. GELOPTERA ANGULICOLLIS, Nn. sp. Plawiit,, fie. 82. 2. Bronzy; under-surface reddish-castaneous, append- ages paler, but tip of antennae infuscated. Head with dense punctures of moderate size, larger on base of clypeus and smaller on front of same than elsewhere ; an irregular depression between eyes, and a narrowly impressed median line. Prothorax with sides distinctly armed at base and apex, sides obliquely dilated to middle, which is con- spicuously angulate but not dentate; with rather large punc- tures, crowded on sides, but somewhat sparser on disc. Hlytra suboblong, not very long; sutural half with subgeminate punc- tures, becoming confined to striae on apical slope, lateral portions with crowded and irregular punctures, many of which are irregularly confluent. Flanks of prosternum with rather dense punctures. Abdomen strongly convex; fifth segment with a distinct carina along middle. Yemora stout, front pair lightly dentate ; hind tibiae rather elongate, not very wide at apex. Length, 5-54 mm. Hab.—-New South Wales: Mount Wilson (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3643. The tooth of the front femora, although in itself very small and from some directions invisible, is rendered fairly conspicuous by being the summit of an angular inflation. The tarsi and the strongly convex abdomen are indicative that the three specimens before me are females, but the conspicuously carinated abdomen should be a useful aid to identification. In general appearance it is like some species of Agetinus. On one specimen the upper-surface has a vague bluish gloss, this being especially the case with the punctures. On each elytron there are several feebly-elevated interstices, of which the most conspicuous one forms the dividing line between the subgeminate and the crowded punctures, but it is traceable neither to base nor apex. J2 >» ee, EE Eo EEEoOoOEOOOOOoOEOEEEeEeEeeeeeerrmheeereeee 260 GELOPTERA ILLIDGEI, n. sp. ¢. Bright metallic-green, with a golden gloss, parts of under-surface brassy ; labrum and appendages flavous, but tips of antennae and of palpi infuscated. Head with very dense (and in places confluent) punctures of rather small size,.a small impunctate elevation near each antenna. Lrothorax scarcely twice as wide as the median length, each side with a small median tooth ; with dense, deep, and fairly-large punctures, more crowded on sides than on disc, with much smaller punctures scattered about. Llytra with dense and fairly large punctures, transversely confluent with conspicuous transverse ridges over most of the surface ; striae present only on parts of apical slope. Basal segment of abdomen depressed in middle, fifth transversely impressed and encroached upon by pygidium. Front femora lightly dentate, the hind ones widely but obtusely dentate ; four front tarsi with basal joint greatly inflated. Length, 54-6 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (R._ Illidge). Type, I. 3502. This and the following species are certainly closely con- generic with Hdusa singularis (synonymous with Colaspis jugularis), but I refer them all to Geloptera, on account of the conspicuously dentate sides of prothorax; the two have some short and sparse golden pubescence about apex of elytra ; it could easily be overlooked, but from certain directions is fairly distinct. The hind femora appear to be largely angu- late, with the summit of the angular portion truncated. A second specimen differs from the type in being of a greenish- bronze colour. There are two specimens of this species in the British Museum from Moreton Bay; one is of a bluish-green, the other is coloured as the type. GELOPTERA LATERIDENS, N. Sp. 3d. Bright metallic-green; labrum and appendages flavous, under-surface somewhat darker. Head with rather small, crowded punctures; becoming smaller and denser on clypeus, and smaller and sparser towards base; a smooth impunctate space near each antenna. Prothoraz not twice as wide as median length, each side con- spicuously bidentate about middle; with dense and rather large punctures on sides, becoming sparser about middle. Elytra with dense and rather coarse punctures, in places transversely confluent; striation distinct only on apical slope near suture. Abdomen gently convex, fifth segment depressed in middle and encroached upon by pygidium. Front femora strongly and acutely dentate; basal joint. of four front tarsi somewhat inflated. Length, 5 mm. 261 Hab. —Queensland Cairns (E. Allen). Type (unique), I. 3503. The under-surface of the type, although not at all metallic, except on parts of the prosternum, has the peculiarly livid appearance that is sometimes indicative of immaturity, and the three terminal joints of antennae are missing; but the species is so abundantly distinct by other characters that I have not hesitated to describe it.) It is readily distinguished from the preceding species by the sides of prothorax, and by the hind femora; the tibiae are also much less conspicuously canaliculate. Each basal and apical angle of the prothorax is provided with an elongate seta. In structure it is close to jugularis, but the type is of a much more.vivid green than any specimen I have seen of that species, the male of which has also a distinct round fovea on the fifth segment of abdomen and the basal joint of the front tarsi decidedly shorter and wider; its prothorax is also more uneyen and with different punctures. TERILLUS. This genus appears to have been regarded as one to which almost any doubtful pubescent species “could be referred. TERILLUS ROTUNDICOLLIS, Chp. There is nothing in the generic description of this species, or of the short specific one, inconsistent with its being Geloptera nodosa. The elytra were described as having three interrupted costae, but on nodosa each has really four or five, the outer or the two outer ones being smaller, more posterior, and even more broken up into granules than the others. The antennae were described as flavous-brown, and are figured as considerably paler than on nodosa, the figure also represents the costae as starting almost in a line, whereas on nodosa the one near the suture is considerably in advance of the others; the figure also represents the elytra as being arcuate towards and obtusely bimucronate at apex, but these may be artistic exaggerations. Whilst not stating definitely, therefore, that the names are synonymous, I consider it probable that if the type, or an authenticated specimen of either, could be com- pared with the other type, they would be found to be iden- tical. In any case I believe them to be absolutely congeneric, and, as nodosa appears to have been correctly referred to Geloptera, that the genus Teridlus cannot be maintained. (é) (87) Of the other species referred to Terillus, vittatus, Baly, is synonymous with Geloptera nodosa; squamosus, Baly (certainly), perplecus, Baly, and duboulayi, Baly (probably), belong to — Megasceloides; foveolatus, Baly, is a Tomyris; porosus, Jac., Micans, Blackb. ., politus, Blackb., and carinatus, Blackb., belong to Alittus; and suturalis, Blackb., to Edusa. 262 AGETINUS. , Of this genus Lefevre described the sides of the prothorax as angularly undulated, and the tibiae as simple. But even on many specimens of the typical species the sides of the pro- thorax are evenly rounded in the middle; evidently Black- burn regarded the sides of the prothorax as of minor import- ance, as in aequalis they are not at all angulate in the middle. In swhcostatus the tibiae are strongly ridged, but the four hind ones are not notched near the outer apex (as in Rhyparida, Tomyris, etc.); but on several species (including aequalis) here referred to the genus, the front tibiae are con- spicuously notched, so that they cannot be regarded as simple. Of the other species referred by Lefevre to the genus I am regarding Geloptera geniculata as a true Geloptera (although it is very close in many respects to swbhcostatus), and as but doubtfully synonymous with corinthius,; Colasms jugularis 1s also regarded as belonging to Geloptera; Colaspis australis may be almost anything from its description. In the majority of species the elytra have several oblique impunc- tate spaces, and on a few of them these are moderately elevated, giving a subcostate appearance to those organs. The front margins of the prosternai episterna are oblique and usually quite straight, the flanks have fairly large punctures, usually sharply defined, but occasionally partly obscured by shagreening. All have edentate femora. On all of them the second and third joints of the antennae are subequal, or the second is slightly (sometimes distinctly) the longer, the five apical joints are stouter than the five preceding ones, and the eleventh is usually about once and one-fourth the length of tenth. The colour of the legs is sometimes variable. Aequalis, obliquus, and admirabilis are very different in general appearance to swbcostatus, and should it be eventu- ally decided to regard the genus as forming a section only of Geloptera, it may be desirable to generically separate them- Following is a table of the species : — a Hee strongly convex along middle. . Greatest elevation of elytra distinctly near base obliquus aa. Greatest elev ation not distinctly 1 near r base. b. Some punctures on apical slope of elytra transversely confluent... admirabilis bb. No punctures transversely confluent there aequalis AA. Elytra gently convex. ~ B. Medio-apical punctures of prothorax ones tudinally confluent... .. «confluens BB. Punctures at apex not so confluent. C. Prothorax with a conspicuous impunctate median line on basal ‘half ... ... ... cicatricosus 263 ‘CC. Prothorax without a distinct median line. * Front femora lightly dentate Lae ce Erorsus ** Front femora edentate. D. Above average size and with com- paratively large punctures. c. Subcostate appearance of elytra conspicuous ... subcostatus ce. Subcostate appear ance very ‘feeble ‘ or wanting . hackeri DD. Much _ smaller ‘and with “much smaller punctures. E. Subcostate appearance of elytra wanting a abjectus EE. Subcostate appearance | ‘more or less conspicuous. F. Hind tibiae not suddenly dilated at apex. d, Middle tibiae suestenty dilated at apex ... compositus dd. Middle tibiae not so dilated cacozelus FF. Hind tibiae suddenly dilated at apex. G. ren tibiae triangularly notched at apex ... nitidivirgatus GG. Front tibiae not triangu- larly notched ... juvencus - Notes on TABLE. A. Their lateral slopes are curious; see notes under aequalis. F. Their hind tibiae are wider at apex than elsewhere, but the increase in width is almost regular from about the apical third. On FF. the tibiae are suddenly dilated there, the outer apex appearing almost equilaterally triangular. d. See pl. vili., figs. 129 and 130. AGETINUS suUBCOsTaTUS, Chp. Noda tasmanica, Jac. Pl. vii., fig. 85. This species is the type of Agetunus (Agetus, n. pr. of Chapuis); the sides of the prothorax were described by Chapuis as “‘dilatés arrondis au milieu, ondulés-anguleux’’ ; by Lefevre they were stated to be ‘‘in medio ampliato- rotundatus, ibique angulato-undulatus.’’ The genus belongs to the Colaspitae, tabulated by Lefevre as having prothorax “‘with sides more or less dentate or undulated,’’ as against ““sides entire’ of /pheimertae. There are in the Museum several specimens identified by Mr. Blackburn as swbcostatus, and one received by him from Dr. Chapuis as a co-type. This latter specimen agrees well 264 with the figure, and its identity does not seem open to ques- tion. The prothorax on Chapuis’ co-type, and on several other specimens in the Museum, has each side obtusely sub- angulate in two places about the middle, but on, many speci- mens they are quite evenly rounded. The colour, whilst usually bronzy or brassy, also varies considerably, many specimens being blue, or deep bluish-green with purple reflections, or entirely purple, except that the legs and antennae are more or less reddish (occasionally, however, the femora are more or less dark, sometimes with a metallic gloss). The species is common in many parts of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania, and specimens from the latter State were named Noda tasmanica by Jacoby; there are also two specimens in the Macleay Museum labelled as from Port Denison, in Queensland. AGETINUS AEQUALIS, Blackb. Playas, figs, 127 amdi 128: The type, and a co-type, of this species are in the Museum. The legs are stout; the tibiae longitudinally canaliculate and dilated to the apex, each of the frent ones has a conspicuous subtriangular notch near the apex due to a portion of the apex being scooped out for the recepticn of the base of the tarsus, so that when viewed from below the apex appears to be terminated by a thin flange. The notch is invisible from directly above, but from behind it is very conspicuous; it 1s bounded posteriorly by a triangular tocth. In general appearance the species is very unlike the typical one (subaequalis), but as the front tibiae are much as on nitidivirgatus, it may be as well to leave it in Agetinus. In addition to the specimens mentioned there are numerous others identified as aeqgualis by the late Rev. T. Blackburn; but these differ in being smaller and green, or brassy-green, or blue, or purple. They all have the elytra strongly ccnvex along the middle, and from the suture to the margin each has a curious sloping (almost obliquely flattened) appearance, so that a section across the middle would be almost triangular. The elytral costae are so extremely feeble that it would be better to regard them as absent. The male differs from the female in having the abdomen slightly less convex, more depressed at the sides and the apical segment with a small fovea; the front tarsi (more especially the basal joint) are also wider. There are also in the Museum four males from Darwin (G. F. Hill’s No. 65) that perhaps represent a variety. They are brassy like the type, but considerably smaller, and the 265 abdominal fovea is decidedly larger and quite circular. The front tibiae are more acutely produced outwards at the apex, and the notch is less distinct from behind, although quite distinct from certain directions. AGETINUS OBLIQUUS, Nn. sp. Pl. vii., fig. 86. Golden-green, under-surface brassy; femora, tibiae, palpi, and basal half of antennae reddish, apical half of antennae and tarsi more or less infuscated. Head finely shagreened, somewhat irregular between eyes; with dense punctures of moderate size. Prothorax with sides scarcely rounded, but rapidly decreasing in width from base to apex; punctures much as on head. E£lytra strongly convex, greatest height near scutellum, sides obliquely flattened ; with dense punctures of fairly large size, ‘becoming smaller towards suture, and a few confluent behind shoulders, interspaces with minute ones; a few well-defined striae on apical slope. Abdomen with a round apical fovea. Legs stout; tibiae strongly ridged, triangularly dilated at apex, the front pair conspicuously notched at the outer apex; tarsi wide. Length, 44-44 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Coen River (W. D. Dodd), Cook- town (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3296. With the curious front tibiae and sloping sides of elytra of aequalis, but differs from that species, and from the fol- lowing one, in the suture being very decidedly more elevated towards the base, so that when viewed from the sides their greatest elevation is quite distinctly seen to be near the base; on aequalis and on the following species the sutural slope is much more gradual, so that from various points of view almost any part of the basal third may appear to ke the highest part. The labrum is of a dingy-red. The elytral punctures are decidedly larger than the prothoracic ones; except on the apical slope there are no distinctly elevated ‘spaces, although feeble remnants of impunctate lines may be traced on some specimens; although dense the punctures could scarcely be regarded as crowded, neither are they lineate in arrangement, but on some specimens the remnants of impunc- tate lines appear to divide them into longitudinal areas. Three specimens differ from the types in having the upper surface of a golden-red, but becoming green on sides of elytra; another is golden-purple, and two others have the upper- surface entirely purple, the under-surface also purple, but becoming green in parts; they are probably all males. 266 AGETINUS ADMIRABILIS, 0. sp. Of a vivid green, parts of under-surface brassy ; labrum and appendages more or less reddish, but parts of antennae infuscated. Head shagreened, somewhat irregularly impressed between eyes, with a feeble median line; with dense punc- tures of moderate size; clypeus semicircularly incised. Pro- thorax and legs as in preceding species. EHlytra rather strongly convex, sides somewhat obliquely flattened, greatest. height submedian; with dense punctures, distinctly larger than on prothorax, and many transversely confluent; a few moderate subsutural striae on apical slope, but elsewhere without defined lines. Length, 33-4 mm. Hab.—North-western Australia: King Sound (W. W. Froggatt). Type, I. 3401. With the curious front tibiae of aequalis, but differs from that species in the elytra between the suture and sides more evenly rounded, with punctures rather more crowded and frequently transversely confluent, many of the punctures on and at the sides of the apical slope are confluent, whereas on aequalis the elytra are usually without any confluent punc- tures, and even when a few are present these are confined to the vicinity of the shoulders. Of six specimens, all of a vivid green, under examination four have the front tarsi slightly wider than those of the others, the abdomen less convex, longitudinally depressed on each side, and the apical segment with a small round fovea. They appear to be males. Each of the others, however, has a larger fovea on the apical segment, and one of these has a short soft projection issuing from the tip of the abdomen and tipped with two minute processes, so it is evidently the tip of an ovipositor. The punctures on the clypeus are usually, but not always, smaller than on other parts of the head. AGETINUS CONFLUENS, DN. sp. Brassy, in some _ places brassy-green; labrum and appendages reddish, but tips of some antennal joints in- fuscated. Head with very dense and frequently confluent punc- tures, median line ill-defined; clypeus slightly depressed. Prothorax with moderately rounded sides, greatest width sub- median, with an ill-defined but fairly distinct median line; with very dense and mostly longitudinally confluent punc- tures of moderate size. Hlytra moderately long, gently con- vex; with rather large asperate punctures, crowded on basal half and becoming smaller posteriorly; apical slope with well- defined striae separated by conspicuous ridges, some of the 267 latter traceable, but less distinctly so, almost to base. Legs moderately stout; tibiae strongly ridged and dilated at outer apex. Length, 34-35 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler); New South Wales: Whitton (A. M. Lea); South Australia: Nuriootpa (J. G. O. Tepper). Type; 71. 3414. The punctures of prothorax and sculpture of elytra should render this species very distinct. From some direc- tions the outer apex of the front tibiae appears to be almost . evenly rounded, but from others it appears to terminate in an acutely triangular tooth. The abdomen is non-foveate on the four specimens under examination, but as one of these has the basal joint of the front tarsi distinctly larger than on the others, it is probably a male, and the others females {one certainly is, as its ovipositor is extended). Three speci- mens have the clypeus and sides of elytra greenish, but on another no green is present. AGETINUS CICATRICOSUS, Nl. sp. 3. Brassy; base of antennae and tip of tibiae of a more - or less dingy-red. Head rather strongly convex, with a distinct but rather small inter-ocular fovea; with dense punctures of moderate ‘size, smaller about fovea than elsewhere, and becoming con- fluent towards sides. Prothorax with strongly rounded sides, with an impunctate median line very conspicuous on basal half ; with dense punctures of moderate size, in places obliquely or transversely confluent, but separately impressed in middle of apex. Hlytra rather elongate, with fairly large, crowded, asperate punctures, frequently transversely confluent, even posteriorly ; suture and remnants of costae shining. Apical segment of abdomen flattened in middle. Legs stout; tibiae strongly ridged, outer apex dilated; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly dilated. Length, 33-44 mm. @. Differs in having the abdomen more convex, legs thinner, and basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller. Hab.—Western Australia: Vasse River (A. M. Lea). ‘Type, I. 3563. A narrow species, at first glance suggestive of Geloptera nodosa in miniature. Differs from all the costate species of the genus by the shining median line on prothorax. The elytral costae are more or less broken up, but the one near the suture is occasionally traceable throughout; there are no distinct elytral striae except a rather feeble subsutural one on the apical slope; the running together of the punctures is especially conspicuous behind the shoulders, where some of the 268 transverse ridges are traceable almost from the suture to the side. ‘The antennae are sometimes entirely dark, as are also the legs; on several specimens parts of the upper-surface are obscurely purplish. The elytra are very feebly pubescent posteriorly. AGETINUS HACKERI, N. sp. d. Brassy; labrum and appendages more or less reddish. Head shallowly impressed in middle; with dense punc- tures of moderate size, becoming small on front of clypeus. Prothorax with sides strongly rounded, about the middle fre- quently subangulate, with dense punctures of moderate size, becoming larger and more crowded on sides, with some feebly- elevated impunctate spaces. SHlytra short and wide, costae either absent or represented. by feeble remnants only ; with dense and fairly large punctures, frequently transversely con- fluent ; apical slope with numerous small tubercles or obtuse granules, and without striae, except one on each side of suture. Abdomen with a small apical fovea. Legs stout; tibiae dis- tinctly ridged, somewhat dilated at apex, the front ones notched at outer apex; basal joint of each tarsus dilated. Length, 54-6 mm. Q. Differs in being more robust, abdomen more convex and non-foveate, and basal joint of tarsi smaller. Hab.—New South Wales: Blue Mountains (Blackburn’s collection), Galston (D. Dumbrell), Lawson, Mittagong (A. M. Lea), National Park, Sydney (H. J. Carter and Lea) ; Queens- land: Stradbrooke Island (H. Hacker). Type, I. 3564. In size and general appearance close to swbcostatus, but elytra without the conspicuous flat costae of that species; on some specimens, however, there is an appearance in places as of remnants of same. On many specimens each side of pro- thorax is feebly angulate about the middle, but frequently it is quite evenly rounded. The labrum is usually dark in the middle, but varies from entirely pale to entirely dark; usually the second to fifth joints of antennae are entirely pale, and the under-surface of the first and of the sixth and seventh are pale, but occasionally only parts of the three basal joints are pale; the apical joints of the palpi are dark; usually only the tarsi are black, but occasionally the legs are entirely black ; on an occasional specimen many of the elytral punctures have a greenish or purplish gloss. The impunctate spaces on the prothorax are neither sharply defined nor large, and occasion- ally are altogether absent, they usually appear to be in three transverse series, of which ‘the median series (composed of from four to six spaces) is generally more distinct than the others. The transverse ridges between the confluent punctures on the elytra are very conspicuous except posteriorly, where they are 269 replaced by small irregular elevations, appearing like irregu- larly rounded granules or small tubercles, much more conspicuous on some specimens than on others; on one specimen the left elytron only has a large rounded tubercle. AGETINUS ABJECTUS, Nl. sp. 3d. Brassy; parts of antennae and of palpi reddish. Head rather strongly convex about base, with a shallow median impression ; with rather dense punctures of medium or small size, rather smaller and sparser behind middle than in front. Second joint of antennae distinctly longer than third. Prothorax with strongly and evenly rounded sides ; with small and fairly numerous punctures in middle, becoming denser and larger on sides. Ulytra with fairly large punctures on basal half, becoming smaller and sublineate in arrangement posteriorly, and nowhere confluent. Abdomen feebly de- pressed in middle of apex. Legs stout; tibiae strongly ridged, almost evenly dilated to apex; basal joint of four front tarsi dilated. Length, 23-34 mm. @. Differs in having abdomen more strongly convex, legs thinner, and basal joint of four front tarsi smaller. Hab.—New South Wales (Blackburn’s collection): Gals- ton (DD. Dumbrell), Sydney (A. M. Lea, British Museum, from C. Darwin); Tasmania (Blackburn): Hobart, Huon River (Lea). A minute species, with the oblique lines on elytra scarcely or not at all traceable ; about the middle the elytral punctures become subgeminate in arrangement, and on the apical slope they are in almost regular rows; striation, however, is absent posteriorly, except close to the suture and sides. An occa- sional specimen has a vague greenish gloss; usually three or four basal joints of antennae (except the upper-surface of the first) and the basal joints of the palpi are obscurely reddish. AGETINUS COMPOSITUS, n. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 129. Brassy ; second and third joints of antennae, and under- surface of first, of a dingy-red. Finely shagreened. Head rather strongly convex about base, with a small median impression ; punctures fairly dense and rather small. Prothorax with strongly and evenly rounded sides; punctures much as on head. JHlytra with moderate punctures about base, becoming smaller posteriorly, but at extreme apex somewhat increasing in size, from near base in more or less conspicuous semi-double rows. TJvbiae distinctly ridged, apex distinctly but not suddenly dilated ; basal joint of four front tarsi wide. Length, 44 mm. 270 Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (A.M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3565. “Considerably smaller than swbcostatus, prothorax with much smaller punctures, sides without the least irregularity about middle, and elytra with the impunctate lines not dis- tinctly elevated above the adjacent parts. On each elytron there are six impunctate lines, the first three (including the suture) separated by semi-double rows of punctures, the others separated by two semi-double rows. The abdomen of the type is not foveate, the apical segment being but feebly depressed at the middle of the apex, but the tarsi appear to be masculine. AGETINUS CACOZELUS, 0. sp. Bly vaii., fig. Too: Bronzy, in places brassy ; parts of appendages reddish. Finely shagreened. Head with a feeble median impres- sion ; with dense but rather small punctures. Prothorax with strongly and evenly rounded sides; disc with numerous small punctures, becoming larger and crowded on sides. lytra with crowded and fairly large subasperate punctures on basal third, transversely confluent near shoulders, and sublineate in arrangement in places. Tvbiae distinctly ridged, somewhat. dilated at apex (but not suddenly so). Length, 3? mm. Hab.—Western Australia: Swan River (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3566. Close to jwvencus, but four hind tibiae less dilated at apex, upper-surface with denser and more distinct punctures, and shining lines on elytra much less noticeable; from the preceding species it differs in being narrower, middle tibiae less dilated at apex and elytral punctures decidedly coarser, the subcostate appearance of the elytra is less defined and the subgeminate arrangement of the punctures less pronounced and for a shorter distance; the abdomen is much as on the type of that species, but, as the basal joint of no tarsus is dilated, the type is almost certainly a female. Parts of the six basal joints of antennae and the tip of each tibia are more or less reddish. AGETINUS NITIDIVIRGATUS, N. sp. Pl. -vili:,, figs:ci3l -and 157: 3. Brassy or bronzy; parts of appendages more or less reddish. Head with a small median impression ; with dense punc- tures of moderate size. Prothoraz with strongly and evenly rounded sides; disc with rather small and not very dense punctures, becoming denser towards and crowded on sides. Elytra with fairly large punctures, about base fairly dense 271 and with smaller punctures interspersed, apex with crowded punctures, elsewhere with small ones divided into well-defined areas by shining lines. Fifth segment of abdomen incurved to middle of apex, feebly depressed across middle. Legs stout ; tibiae strongly ridged, apex of each triangularly inflated, front pair notched at outer apex; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly dilated. Length, 4-44 mm. Q. Differs in having abdomen more strongly convex, legs thinner, and basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller. Hab.—Western Australia: Swan River (Blackburn’s collection and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3567. , The elytra have a conspicuously striped appearance, but the smocth spaces are not elevated as on subcostatus; it also differs from that species in being smaller, narrower, more convex, and more ovate, punctures much smaller, and tibiae more dilated. In some respects it is close to compositus, but is decidedly narrower, and the tibiae are different. From one point of view the front tibiae appear much as in the figure of that of the following species, but from others the notch is very evident, but on that species from no direction does it appear deeply notched at apex. The first six joints of antennae (wholly or in part), basal joints of palpi, tibiae, and parts of femora and of tarsi are reddish. The punctures on the head are sometimes almost evenly distributed, except that behind the eyes they are usually somewhat confluent, and denser than elsewhere, but on many specimens they are sparser and smaller about the middle towards the base than elsewhere ; the median impression is usually shallow, but on one specimen is fairly deep. The sides of the elytra are scarcely visibly pubescent posteriorly; each elytron has three distinct oblique lines, im- punctate or almost so; adjacent to them the punctures are more or less seriate in arrangement, with smaller scattered ones between the rows; towards the sides, however, the punc- tures are denser; the base, sides, and apex are shagreened. AGETINUS JUVENCUS, ND. sp. Pl. viil., figs. 132 and 133. Q. Brassy or bronzy, parts of antennae obscurely red- dish. Head evenly convex, without a median impression ; with rather dense and small punctures, more crowded in front and behind eyes than elsewhere. Second joint of antennae dis- tinctly longer than third. Prothorax and elytra much as on preceding species, except that the punctures are slightly denser and on the elytra rather more sharply defined. Tvzbiae distinctly ridged, the four hind ones triangularly dilated at outer apex. 272 Hab,—Western Australia: King George Sound (Macleay Museum), Swan River (Blackburn’s collection and A. M. Lea), Bunbury (Lea), Capel River (W. D. Dodd); Perth, Albany (British Museum). Type, I. 3568, There are six specimens before me, apparently all females ; in general appearance they are like small ones of the preceding species (in fact, both the late Rev. T. Blackburn and I had them mixed with that species), but with legs entirely dark, tibiae less dilated at apex, and front ones notched near outer apex ; from compositus it differs in being smaller and narrower, and elytra with more conspicuous punctures. On some speci- mens the antennae (from above) appear to be entirely dark, but usually the second and third, and the under-surface of the first, and of the fourth and fifth, are more or less obscurely reddish. A specimen from South Australia (Lucindale, B. A. Feuerheerdt) is probably a male of this species, but it has the elytra rather more parallel-sided, prothoracic punctures more conspicuous and somewhat sparser, smooth spaces on elytra more sharply defined, and tibiae somewhat wider at apex; on its head from certain directions a vague median impression may be seen, but on the females such an impression is visible from no direction ; its abdomen has a feeble longitudinal depression, and the basal joint of the four front tarsi is some- what dilated. AGETINUS CROESUS, N. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 184. Q. Bright golden-red ; labrum and appendages more or less reddish, but labrum infuscated in middle and palpi at tip, and six or seven apical joints of antennae black. Head with a suleate median line ; with crowded but rather small punctures, mostly longitudinally or obliquely confluent, but separately impressed on clypeus. Eyes feebly notched. Antennae not very long, second to sixth joints subequal in length, the five following ones distinctly wider. Prothorax about twice as wide as median length, sides evenly rounded, angles very feebly armed; with rather dense punctures of moderate or small size, separately impressed on disc, conspicu- ously transversely confluent on sides. Scutellwm semicircular ; with rather dense, minute punctures. Hlytra short, scarcely wider than prothorax ; with fairly dense punctures of moderate size, becoming larger (and often transversely confluent) behind shoulders, in places in subgeminate rows, the interspaces with minute punctures; striation of apical slope distinct towards suture and sides, feeble elsewhere. Flanks of prosternum with fairly large and dense punctures and fine striae. Abdomen rather strongly convex. Jegs short and stout; front femora 273 subangulate and lightly dentate; tibiae longitudinally canali- culate and dilated to apex, the front ones rather suddenly narrowed near base. Length, 4-4} mm. Hab.—Western Australia: King George Sound. Type, in Macleay Museum; co-type, I. 3649, in South Australian Museum. A very beautiful species which it does not seem desirable to leave unnamed, although there are but two females of it before me. From some directions parts of the under-surface appear more or less greenish, but from others the same parts are scarcely different to the upper-surface. The sides of the prothorax might quite fairly be regarded as strigose. The upper apex of the four front tibiae, when viewed from along the upper edge, appear to be triangularly notched. ALITTUS. This genus is unsatisfactorily close to Colaspoides ; indeed, but for the clothing of the head and prothorax (and even this is sometimes very slight), I should have referred all the species in the Museum to that genus. Four of the species (micans, eartnatus, politus, and porosus) were previously referred to Terillus. The species in the Museum may be thus tabu- lated : — A. Prothorax with a distinct median channel ... porosus (? foveolatu s) AA. Prothorax with a distinct median carina ... macleayi AAA. Prothorax with neither distinct channel nor carina. B. Elytra distinctly clothed scutellaris BB. Elytra with extreme tip. ‘only. clothed, and that very indistinctly. ©. Apical half of elytra with numerous disconnected tubercles ... ... rugipennis CC. Apical half without ce ean We Size large: ... “2% OAR Seatiio ks. *HIUUCGNS Dinasimesmalior i... icv a eS. he ee politus ALITTUS FOVEOLATUS, Chp. Terillus porosus, Jac. (%). Pl. vii., fig. 87. In these Transactions (Ante, 1898, p. 232) Mr. Blackburn, from information received from Mr. Jacoby, noted these names, together with 7’. micans, as being synonymous. But if Jacoby had information leading him to consider foveolatus and porosus synonymous, most certainly he was wrong in also so treating micans; although they all belong to the genus Alittus. A. foveolatus was described as from Port Denison and figured (pl. cxvill., fig. 2); the figure was not referred to at 274 the description, and was apparently overlooked by both entom- ologists named ; but it shows an insect having sides of prothorax quite straight and narrowing to apex, agreeing with the description ‘‘bords latéraux tout a fait droits, convergents en avant”; moreover, the sides were specially mentioned in com- parison with those of Dermorhytis. Lefevre (Cat., p. 23) also described the sides as “rectis, versus apicem attenuatis’ ; whereas the sides of micans (there are ten named specimens from the Blackburn collection in the Museum, and from the original locality, Northern Territory) are quite strongly rounded. T. porosus was described as from Cooktown, and as having the prothorax “longitudinally obsoletely sulcate from base to apex.” There are before me, from the Endeavour River (Cooktown is at the mouth of that river), three specimens that agree well with Jacoby’s description, and these differ from micans in having the sides of the prothorax obliquely converg- ing from base to apex (practically straight except at the extreme ends), and with a conspicuous median channel from base to apex (on micans there is occasionally a feeble longi- tudinal impression about the apex, but it is usually altogether absent), and there are numerous other distinctions in the colour, clothing, punctures, etc. I am even doubtful as to porosus being a synonym of foveolatus; the latter was described as having elytra with “fovedles assez larges et profondes’; and figured as having rows of very large punctures or seriate foveae. Lefevre described the elytra as “‘longitudinaliter foveolata.’’ Whereas the elytra of porosus are not foveate, but punctate, and the punctures are very irregular in distribution. ALITTUS mMICANS, Blackb. (formerly Terzlus). Pl. vu., fig. 88. 7 This species is not a synonym of foveolatus or porosus. See preceding note. ALLITUS SCUTELLARIS, N. sp. d. Rather pale castaneous or testaceous, in places with a brassy, or brassy-green, or purplish gloss; suture infuscated. Clothed with rather dense, short, silken pubescence, sparser and shorter on elytra than elsewhere, except that the scutellum is glabrous. Head with crowded punctures of small or moderate size ; with a fairly distinct median impression.’ Second joint of antennae much shorter than third. Prothorax with sides moderately and evenly rounded, but base distinctly wider than apex; with dense punctures of moderate size, but leaving 275 several feebly elevated on subtuberculate spaces about middle, the interspaces with numerous small punctures. Hlytra con- siderably wider than prothorax; with numerous rather large punctures, in places seriate in arrangement, but with numerous transverse irregular ridges or costae, on most of basal two- thirds, on apical third with series of small depressed tubercles, or large granules of irregular shapes. Flanks of proster- num with numerous punctures, but partially concealed by clothing. Fifth segment of abdomen with a rather wide shallow basal depression. Legs stout ; femora edentate ; tibiae dilated at apex and with many acute ridges; basal joint of front tarsi strongly dilated. Length, 5-74 mm. @. Differs in having the abdomen more strongly and evenly convex, non-foveate, and in the front tarsi. Hab.—Queensland (H. J. Carter); Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection), Coen and Stewart Rivers (W. D. Dodd), Endeavour and Bloomfield Rivers (C. French), Char- ters Towers and Cairns (H. Hacker). Type, I. 3595. In general appearance fairly close to carinatus, but striation less pronounced posteriorly, and transverse sculpture of elytra towards base quite evident and strong, more con- spicuously clothed, etc. ; the interstices on carinatus, micans, and porosus on the apical slope are usually entire, although somewhat undulated, but on the present species they are broken up into series of granules or small tubercles. The metallic gloss is always conspicuous on the head, prothorax, and base of elytra, the scutellum and the subtuberculate parts of the pronotum are nearly always purplish: on the male the upper-surface of the head frequently appears to be brassy, without a trace of the castaneous colour showing ; the antennae are usually somewhat paler than the legs, the latter are some- times feebly infuscated in places. On the elytra the pubescence, although distinct, is confined to the depressed parts. The median impression on the head is usually distinct, but is occasionally rather feeble ; on some specimens it becomes almost subfoveate towards the base. Two specimens from Mr. French were sent as from Roebuck Bay (North-western Aus- tralia). ALITTUS MACLEAYI, n. sp. 3. Flavous or castaneo-flavous, in places with a bright metallic gloss; suture infuscated. Head, prothorax, and under-surface with short, and not very dense, silken pub- escence, tip of elytra very feebly clothed. Head with dense and rather small punctures; with a distinct impression along middle, and with a small polished impunctate space near each antenna. Second joint of antennae less than half the length of third. Prothorar with 276 feebly rounded sides, distinctly decreasing in width from base to apex, with dense punctures of moderate size, the imter- spaces with minute ones; with several feebly elevated spaces along each side of middle, and with a distinct median carina. Elytra not much wider than prothorax, with rather large, deep . punctures, Im numerous more or less irregular series. Flanks of prosternum with conspicuous punctures and feebly striated, but close to coxae without punctures and conspicu- ously striated. Abdomen with fourth segment as long as third and fourth combined, fifth transversely depressed in middle. Femora edentate; tibiae somewhat dilated at apex, all with numerous acute ridges; basal joint of front tarsi inflated. Length, 6-7 mm. Q. Differs in having the fourth segment of abdomen no: longer than third, the fifth convex in middle, and in the front tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Somerset (C. French), Cairns district (A. M. Lea), Port Denison; New South Wales (Macleay Museum). Type, I. 3596. In general appearance closer to porosus than to any other species in the Museum, but differs in having the median pro- thoracic channel of that species replaced by a feebly-elevated carina; a character which will also readily distinguish it from all other described species ; the carina is very narrow about the apex, but elsewhere is conspicuous. The sides of the prothorax and of the elytra, and the base of the latter, are conspicuously metallic-green or blue; the elytral punctures have a more or less conspicuous purplish gloss, becoming green towards the suture and sides, but few of the body parts or of the legs are without a trace of metallic lustre, although the head and prothorax are less conspicuously metallic than on the preceding species, and the scutellum is not conspicuously purplish, but the subtubercular elevations of the pronotum are sometimes purplish ; the antennae are pale-flavous. The elytra at first appear to be quite glabrous, but on close examination some minute and sparse clothing may be seen at the tip. The elytral punctures are large and closely placed, especially behind the shoulders, where, however, they are not confluent, as trans- verse ridges are entirely absent; on the apical slope some irregular striae containing one or two rows of punctures are apparent. The abdomen of the male is glabrous along the middle, and with the glabrous portion margined by long straggling hairs. ALITTUS RUGIPENNIS, Nn. Sp. Q. Flavous; head (except in front), prothorax, scutel- lum, metasternum, and abdomen darker and with a purplish 277 gloss, suture and sides of elytra and apex of hind femora infuscated. Head, prothorax, and wunder-surface with moderately dense, ssoietl silken pubescence. Head with small and dense, but not crowded punctures, becoming subobsolete on front of clypeus; median line well defined in front, becoming feeble posteriorly. Second joint of antennae about half the length of third. Prothorax with rather strongly and evenly rounded sides; surface somewhat uneven, and with numerous punctures of moderate size, the interspaces with minute punctures. Flytra distinctly wider than prothorax; with rather large punctures, and with numerous transverse or oblique ridges on basal half; apical half with series of irregular, depressed tubercles. Flanks of prosternum impunctate in middle, but with some fairly large ones about base and apex. Femora edentate; tibiae with distinct but not very acute ridges. Length, 54-6 mm. Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (G. F. Hill’s No. 38). Type, I. 3597. As on the preceding species, the elytra appear to be quite glabrous until the tip is closely examined; their sculpture, however, approaches that of scwtellaris, except that the series of subtubercular elevations are more extended, and that the transverse ridges or rugae on the basal half are more irregular, being in places slightly elevated or subtuberculate ; from that species also it differs in being smaller, paler, less metallic, punctures smaller, etc. CoLASPIS MUTICA, Germ. This species (unknown to Australian workers) was cata- logued by Lefevre as belonging to Hdusa, without authority or nete being given for the transfer. C. chrysura and C. suaveola of Germar, described at the same time, certainly belong to that genus, but mutica was noted as having unarmed femora and glabrous upper-surface, so that its right to a position in the genus is open to question. Judging by the description, it seems close to Agetinus subcostatus, but as the head is described as having scattered punctures, and as on swbcostatus they are very dense, it 1s probably not that species. EDUSOIDES PULCHER, Blackb. Pl.. viii., fig. 158. , The late Rev. T. Blackburn was in doubt when he described this species as to whether some females really belonged to the same species as the type male; later he appears to have been satisfied that they belonged to the species, as he marked them, without a query, as co-types. One male and 278 two females are now in the Museum, and they appear to belong to but one species; the great differences in the colours of the sexes are far from unique in the subfamily. CoLASPOSOMA SELLATUM, Baly. PL yi, bee oo. This species occurs in abundance in many of the tropical parts of Australia. The commonest form is of a bright-green with a more or less brassy gloss in places, but it varies to golden-red, brassy, bronzy, blue, and purple. CoLASPOIDES. This genus, of almost world-wide distribution, is unsatis- factorily close to many others (Terillus, Geloptera, Cleptor, etc.), and it is extremely probable that exception will be taken to the inclusion of several species here referred to it. The main characters of the genus, as regarded by Lefevre in his table, and in the generic diagnosis, are as follows :—‘‘Upper- surface glabrous. Eyes notched. (8) Prothorax with sides margined. Elytra not conspicuously transversely rugose. Prosternal episterna convex in front. Four hind tibiae not notched near outer apex. Claws appendiculate.’’ The species that I here refer to the genus all agree in these characters, except that the prosternal episterna are not always convex in front, and that the elytral punctures are sometimes trans- versely confluent. On some specimens also the sides of the prothorax are very feebly undulated, but certainly not dentate. They all have the tibiae more or less conspicuously longitudin- ally canaliculate. Lefevre regarded it as including species with dentate and others with edentate femora. On most species of the genus the abdomen of the male appears to have six segments, owing to the intrusion of the pygidium. The deep median sulcus of the latter, that appears to be invariably present on members of the subfamily, often appears like a notch to the tip of the abdomen; this is especially conspicuous on pictipes. For purposes of classification I am regarding the genus as comprising three divisions : — Div. 1.—Femora edentate. Div. 2.—Front femora dentate. Sides of prothorax evenly rounded in middle. Div. 3.—Front femora dentate. Sides of prothorax feebly undulated in middle. (88) Blackburn (Ante, 1900, p. 168) wrote, ‘‘I can really find no very marked character to distinguish Cleptor from Colaspoides, except in its eyes being almost without sinuation.’’ 279 The species in the Museum may be tabulated as follows : — A. Femora edentate. a. Flanks of prosternum at most with small shallow punctures. * Dark metallic-blue <3 sepa oh Se eee a ek ES ** More or less castaneous. b. Sides of prosternum adjacent to coxae strongly striated . howensis bb. Sides there scarcely visibly striated . norfolcensis aa. Flanks of prosternum with distinct and usually large punctures. c. Punctures there mostly small but mixed with considerably larger ones... frenchi cc. Punctures there more or less uniform in size. d. Elytral punctures much smaller than the spaces between them ... quieta dd. Elytral punctures mostly wider than the spaces between them. e. Fifth segment of abdomen of male overhanging fourth *S + «a=, COmplicata ee. Fifth not overhanging fourth ... hoblerae AA. Front femora dentate. B. Sides of prothorax gently undulated in middle. f. Prothoracic punctures comparatively dense and coarse.......<. similis ff. Prothoracic punctures much smaller and sparser ... parvidens BB. Sides of prothorax not undulated in middle. C. Hind femora strongly dentate ... ... ... pictipes CC. Hind femora edentate. D. Sides of prothorax oblique and straight rectilatera DD. Sides more or less evenly rounded. E. Third joint of antennae at least one- third shorter than fourth. * Hind tibiae of male suddenly and strongly inflated near base ... anomogastra ** Hind tibiae not so inflated. g. Seventh and eighth joints de- eidedly darker than the Bre ceding ones oe picticornis gg. Those joints not darker ... tarsalis EE. Third joint not much, if at all, shorter than fourth. F. Of small size and feebly, if at all, metallic. h. Each elytron with at least five distinct striae on apical slope pallidula hh. Each with less than five there doddi FF. Larger and conspicuously metallic. G. Elytra with transverse rugae on parts of apical slope. 1. Many punctures confluent on sides of prothorax .. acervata au. No punctures confluent there crassipes GG. Elytra with no transverse rugae © on parts of apical slope. 280 H. Punctures of prothorax mostly longer than wide ... suavis HH. Punctures of prothorax sel- dom or never longer than wide. I. Fourth segment of abdomen of male conspicuously bicarinate . bicarinata Il. Fourth segment not bicar- inate. J. Fourth segment of male carinated or ridged along middle. 7. Third segment of male - armed at apex towards each side _.... mimeta 4). Third segment not so armed. k. Basal joint of hind tarsiof maleas long . as the rest combined elegantula kk. Basal joint much shorter... poeciloderma JJ. Fourth segment of male not carinated along middle. K. Hind tibiae of male suddenly and strongly dilated near apex ... foveiventris KK. Hind tibiae not so dilated. L. Hind tibiae of male notched near lower apex haemorrhoidalis LL. Hind ibiae not SO notched &.< 00 heront Division 1. COLASPOIDES HOWENSIS, N. sp. Pl. viii., figs. 185-187. 3. Dark-castaneous, some parts darker, with a more or less conspicuous coppery-green gloss; antennae variegated. Head with dense punctures, fairly coarse in front, becoming smaller towards base; with an impunctate elevated Space near each antenna and with a short median line; clypeus deeply notched. Antennae long; first joint stout, second short, third to seventh somewhat dilated and each longitudinally depressed on one side, eighth to eleventh thinner. Prothorax with sides (for the genus) rather strongly reflexed, each angle obtusely dentate and bearing a brisile; with fairly dense and deep but not very large punctures, interspersed with much smaller ones. Llytra with semi- double rows of punctures of moderate size, larger and more 281 irregular behind shoulders than elsewhere, with much smaller ones scattered about; reflexed margins almost as wide as on prothorax. Vrosternum with each episternum straight and oblique in front, strongly produced to each side, and with conspicuous sutures; each epimeron strongly striated close to the coxa; flanks with scattered shallow and small punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen with a small but deep median fovea. Legs stout; tibiae dilated at apex, upper-surface conspicuously grooved throughout. Length, 10-12 mm. Q. Differs in the clypeus being less conspicuously notched, labrum shorter, antennae shorter and much thinner, fifth segment of abdomen with a feeble depression only and basal joint of four front tarsi smaller. Hab.—ULord Howe Island (Macleay Museum and J. Waterhouse). Type, I. 3504. At first appears to be a very large khyparida, but each tibia has a conspicuous groove extending from the base to the apex, bounded by acutely raised costae and widely open at the apex; the outer apex is subtriangularly dilated, so that the space before same is incurved, but as there is no projection between the curve and the base the tibiae cannot be regarded as notched near the outer apex (such as they are represented to be in the figure of Hurydemus insignis— stated to be a synonym of #. (Rhyparida) grandis). Each claw has a wide basal appendix rectangular at its outer apex. One male has the head and prothorax almost black. The antennae of the type have the first and eleventh joints red- dish, the second black, and the others with the upper portion black and the lower red, the two colours being sharply limited, but another male and two females have much less conspicu- ously variegated antennae. This and the following species are referred with some doubt to the genus. According to Chapuis’ and Lefevre’s tables they would belong to the /phimeitae, but the sections of the subfamily, according to that table, so largely depend on the utterly untrustworthy character of the prothoracic episterna that I cannot regard the table as other than mis- leading. According to it Teridlus, Rhyparida, Eurydemus, and C'olaspoides all belong to different sections, but they are really all closely allied. COLASPOIDES NORFOLCENSIS, 0. sp. 3. Reddish-castaneous; parts of head, of prothorax, and of under-surface more cr less deeply infuscated. Head with small punctures, larger (but not very large) between eyes than elsewhere; with a small impunctate space near each antenna, with a conspicuous median line from base 282 to near clypeus, this conspicuously notched. Antennae rather long and thin, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax with narrowly reflexed sides, angles very feebly armed; with small and rather sparse punctures, and with much smaller (scarcely visible) ones. Hlytra shagreened, with semi-double rows of small punctures, becoming single posteriorly and irregular towards sides; margins very narrow. Fifth segment of abdomen with a circular median fovea. Length, 6-7 mm. 2. Differs in having clypeus less deeply notched, antennae somewhat thinner, and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Norfolk Island (J. C. Wiburd). Type, I. 3505. Fairly close to the preceding species and with somewhat similarly grooved although thinner tibiae, but smaller, differently coloured, with different punctures, and lateral gutter of each elytron much narrower; the parts of the pro- sternum are of much the same shapes, but the sides close to the coxae are scarcely visibly striated, and the flanks are entirely without punctures. On the prothorax there is a large blackish blotch towards each side; on one specimen each blotch is sharply defined, but on three others its limits are much less conspicuous; the dark parts sometimes have | a vague greenish lustre. Some specimens have the elytra almost of a blood-red. CoLASPOIDES FRENCHI, Nn. Sp. 3. Reddish-testaceous; all margins of prothorax, base, suture, and sides of elytra metallic-green, or blue, or purple. Head with rather dense punctures of moderate size; with a lightly-impressed impunctate median line. Antennae ex- tending to hind coxae, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax with fairly dense punctures of moderate size but rather deep, and denser towards sides than on disc, inter- spersed with much smaller ones. #lytra with rather large punctures with a somewhat lineate arrangement, on apical slope in regular deep striae towards suture, and feebly trans- versely confluent towards sides, larger behind shoulders than elsewhere. Prosternum with front margin of each episternum distinctly elevated in middle; flanks with small punctures and with a few larger ones scattered about. Fifth segment of abdomen with a wide median fovea. Basal joint of each tarsus somewhat inflated. Length, 65-8 mm. @. Differs in being larger (9 mm.), abdomen more strongly convex and non-foveate, and in the tarsi. Hab.—North-western Australia: Roebuck Bay (C. French); Western Australia (British Museum, from Baly’s collection). Type, I. 3287. 283 A beautiful insect; the metallic parts are sharply defined at the edges and the suture, but then rapidly fade into the general colour, the elytral punctures from some directions have a watery look, and from others a purplish gloss; parts of the under-surface have a metallic gloss. CoOLASPOIDES RARA, 0. Sp. @. Dark metallic-blue, in places with a greenish or coppery gloss; parts of antennae and of palpi obscurely diluted with red. Head rather convex, not depressed between eyes, median line rather strongly impressed at base but feeble elsewhere ; punctures between eyes rather dense and of moderate size, smaller and sparser towards base, and much smaller and denser on front of clypeus. Eyes rather narrow. Antennae not very thin, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax strongly convex, rather lightly transverse, with the apex scarcely as wide as the median length, sides strongly rounded and with very narrow margins; with not very dense and rather small punctures, and some much smaller ones scattered about. £lytra with punctures much as on prothorax, except that in places a feeble seriate arrangement may be noticed, apical slope with distinct sutural and lateral striae, but else- where without same. Flanks of prosternuwm somewhat wrinkled, and with rather small and unevenly distributed punctures; episterna strongly rounded in front, and with deep sutures. /emora unarmed; tibiae conspicuously canali- culate along upper-surface. Length, 9 mm. Hab.—South Australia. Type (unique) in Macleay Museum. A well-marked species with the front of the prosternal episterna more strongly rounded than on any other species of the genus, or perhaps of the subfamily. COLASPOIDES QUIETA, N. Sp. Q. Of a rather dingy flavous, prothorax with a vague metallic gloss and in places feebly infuscated, suture narrowly infuscated; parts of under-surface more or less deeply infuscated. Head with rather dense punctures of moderate size. Antennae rather thin, second joint more than half the length of third, the latter slightly shorter than fourth. Prothoraa with rather dense punctures of moderate size, becoming denser on sides than on disc. EFlytra with semi-double rows of moderate punctures, becoming condensed into single rows in deep striae posteriorly, near shoulders feebly transversely 284 rugose. Prosternum with front edge of each episternum very gently incurved, lateral extension very narrow; flanks with numerous sharply-defined punctures of moderate size. Length, 63-7 mm. Hab.—North-western Australia: Roebuck Bay (C. French). Type, I. 3506. Closely allied to the preceding species, but colour, punc- tures, and prosternal episterna different. One specimen has almost the whole of the under-surface infuscated, but on another the infuscation is confined to the metasternum; one has a fairly well-defined impunctate line on the head, but the other is without same. COLASPOIDES COMPLICATA, Nl. sp. Pl. vii., fig. 95. d. Dark reddish-brown, with a conspicuous brassy or brassy-green gloss; under-surface blackish with a metallic gloss, parts of legs and apex of antennae more or less deeply infuscated. Head with dense and rather coarse punctures, becoming smaller on clypeus and sparser towards base, with a fairly distinct median line, and with a small impunctate elevated space near each antenna. Antennae rather long, third joint slightly shorter than the fourth. Prothorar about once and one-half as wide as long; with dense, rather large, and deep punctures, becoming crowded on sides. Flytra with larger punctures than on prothorax, crowded and in places trans- versely confluent, with deep but irregular striae on apical slope. /Prosternum with distinct striae close to coxae; flanks with large but not very dense punctures. Abdomen with fourth segment strongly incurved to middle, and with fifth overhanging same. Basal joint of four front tars: strongly inflated. Length, 7-74 mm. Q. Differs in having somewhat thinner antennae, abdomen simple, and basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller. Hab.—Queensland (British Museum, from ‘‘Challenger”’ Expedition): Brisbane (A. J. Coates); New South Wales: Richmond and Clarence Rivers (Macleay Museum), Rich- mond River (British Museum). Type, I. 3507. The fifth segment of the abdomen of the male is very peculiar; it looks as if, when soft, the pygidium had been driven inwards, forcing its middle backwards, and with the adjacent sides elevated into keels, these being quadrilobed pos- teriorly; the middle of the segment has two small tubercles connected with the base of the keels by slight ridges. Two specimens (sexes) from the Tweed River (H. H. D. Griffith) 285 differ in being of a dull red and without metallic gloss, but the structure of the abdomen of the male is exactly as on the type. CoLASPOIDES HOBLERAE, 0. sp. 3. Reddish-brown, with a conspicuous brassy or brassy- green gloss; most of under-surface and tips of antennae infus- cated. Head with rather crowded and coarse punctures, becoming smaller on clypeus and sparser and smaller towards base. Antennae moderately long, second joint more than half the length of third, the latter slightly shorter than fourth. Pro- thorax almost as long as wide, sides subangularly dilated in middle ; with dense, rather large and deep punctures. Elytra with larger punctures than on prothorax, in deep striae on apical slope, but crowded and irregular elsewhere, many trans- versely confluent about middle, except near suture. Prosternum striated close to coxae; flanks with large crowded punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen strongly incurved to middle, fifth depressed transversely, middle of base elevated, each side of middle of apex lobed. Length, 53-63 mm. Q. Differs in having abdomen more convex and simple, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler). Type, I. 3508. Closely allied to the preceding species, but smaller and thinner, and with abdomen of male very different ; the front margins of its prosternal episterna are gently rounded, and on ‘the preceding species feebly incurved, characters that, accord- ing to Chapuis, would cause the species to be placed in two widely-separated divisions of the subfamily. Of the three ‘specimens under examination, one of each sex has a fairly well-defined median line on head, and a small inter-ocular ‘depression, but the other is without same. Division 2. COLASPOIDES RECTILATERA, Nn. Sp. Pl. vii., figs. 61 and 89, Flavous, abdomen with a slight reddish gloss. Head almost impunctate, except close to eyes and on «clypeus; medio-frontal impression short and distinct. Eyes of moderate size, prominent, and widely separated. Antennae extending almost to apical segment of abdomen, second joint about half the length of third, tenth distinctly inflated at apex, where the width is more than that of eleventh. /Pro- thorax about twice as wide as long, sides obliquely decreasing in width from base to apex, front angles acute, but not armed ; 286 with small punctures scattered about, and a few moderately large ones on sides. Elytra rather elongate, scarcely wider than base of prothorax; with fairly dense punctures, not arranged in regular rows, and of almost even size throughout. Flanks of prosternuwm impunctate. Front femora strongly dentate. Length, 5 mm. Hab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D. Dodd). Type (unique), I. 3418. The elytral punctures are not arranged in regular rows, but a few feeble longitudinal elevations (about four on each elytron) appear to divide them off into certain feebly-defined areas; on the apical slope, however, the striation is sharply pronounced, and the punctures in each stria are distinct. The middle tibiae appear to be very feebly notched near the outer apex, but the notch is much less distinct than on any species of Ithyparida; the antennae, front legs, and elytral striation are also different to those of any species of that genus. The tip of the antennae is but lightly infuscated. The type is prob- ably a male, as the fourth segment of its abdomen is decidedly longer than the third, the fifth is widely incurved at the apex, but not distinctly impressed ; the basal joint of the four front tarsi 1s moderately large. CoLASPOIDES TARSALIS, N. sp. Pl. viii., figs..138 and 159: d. Reddish-brown with a metallic-green gloss, appen- dages (tips of antennae and claws excepted) paler. Head depressed and with rather numerous distinct punc- tures between eyes, much smaller and sparser elsewhere, with a feeble median line. Antennae elongate, second joint almost as long as third, the latter scarcely half the length of fourth, fourth and fifth subequal in length and wider than the follow- ing ones. /frothorax with rather large irregularly distributed punctures, nowhere very dense, but larger on sides than on disc. #/ytra with dense and rather large punctures, becoming smaller and in regular striae posteriorly, and frequently con- fluent behind shoulders. Flanks of prosternwm with punctures on basal half only. Fourth segment of abdomen with a wide, shallow median impression and a smaller one on each side; fifth about half the length of fourth and irregularly trans- versely impressed. Front femora acutely dentate ; hind tibiae with apical two-fifths dilated on lower-surface; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length, 63-74 mm. Q. Differs in having evenly convex abdomen, with fifth segment scarcely shorter than fourth, simple hind tibiae, and basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller. 287 Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3509. The metallic gloss, although distinct on all the specimens before me, is not so pronounced as to cause them to appear of a bright-green colour. The fifth joint of the antennae of the male is rather densely clothed on the under-surface, becoming fasciculate at apex; on the female the third joint 1s distinctly longer than the second, and more than half the length of the fourth, although decidedly shorter ; the fourth and fifth also are somewhat thinner (instead of stouter) than the following ones. This and the eight following species (8 at first appear to be forms or varieties of but one species, and the punctures on the heads of the majority of them appear to be individually variable, the colours are also usually variable; but the males may be quite readily distinguished by characters of the antennae, abdomen, and legs. The females, however, are less readily distinguished, and probably without the males it would be difficult or impossible to satisfactorily identify most of them. COLASPOIDES PICTICORNIS, n. sp. Pe var, feos, 139: 3d. Reddish-brown with a conspicuous brassy or brassy- green gloss; appendages flavous, but seventh and eighth joints of antennae almost black, and tips of ninth, tenth, and eleventh infuscated. Head depressed between eyes ; with rather dense punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and denser on clypeus, and sparser towards base. Antennae rather long and thin, second joint about half the length of third, the latter somewhat shorter than fourth. Prothorax with fairly dense punctures of moderate size, becoming slightly larger on sides. Hlytra with fairly large punctures, rather dense and irregular behind shoulder (where a few are occasionally confluent), in regular deep striae on apical slope, and mostly in semi-double rows elsewhere. Flanks of prosternum with unevenly distributed punctures of moderate size. Fourth segment of abdomen much wider at sides than along middle, with an obtuse tubercle or ridge in middle; fifth much shorter than fourth, depressed in middle and obtusely lobed on each side. Front femora acutely dentate ; hind tibiae with apical half somewhat inflated and moderately curved; basal joint of four front tarsi dis- tinctly inflated. Length, 53-6 mm. @. Differs in having evenly convex abdomen, whose fifth segment along the middle is quite as long as fourth, hind (89) Haemorrhoidalis less noticeably so than the others. 288 tibiae simple, basal joint of four front tarsi much less inflated, and antennae not conspicuously paler between the eighth joint and apex. Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (A. J. Coates, R. Illidge, A. J. Turner), Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler), Mount Tam- bourine, Rockhampton (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3275. Some males have the upper-surface slightly paler than the under, but usually much darker ; on females the body parts are sometimes almost black; on the males the knees are slightly infuscated, on the females they are usually deeply infuscated, and some have the legs almost entirely dark. The inflated joints of the male tarsi, although large, are much less con- spicuous than on the preceding species. Each of the prosternal episterna, when viewed from behind, appears to have its front margin gently rounded; from above it appears to be straight in an oblique direction, and from in front (with the head removed) it appears to be gently concave. Similar com- ments might be made about many other species of the sub- family. CoLASPOIDES BICARINATA, N. sp. 3. Brassy-green; under-surface castaneous, appendages flavous. Head uneven between eyes, with fairly large punctures there, becoming smaller and denser on clypeus and much smaller elsewhere ; with a strongly defined but not continuous median line. Antennae long and thin, second joint about half the length of third, the latter somewhat shorter than fourth, eighth wider than the adjacent ones. Prothorax and elytra with smaller punctures, but otherwise much as on tarsalis. Flanks of prosternum almost or quite impunctate. Fourth segment of abdomen with a very conspicuous carina from base to apex towards each side; fifth much shorter than fourth and somewhat irregularly depressed. Legs much as in pre- ceding species. Length, 54-74 mm. ©. Differs in having the abdomen simple, and in the tibiae and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Tweed and Richmond Rivers (Macleay Museum, R. Helms, and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3274. Very distinct by the abdomen of the male. The females are usually less metallic than the males; the tip of the antennae is usually lightly infuscated. Some specimens appear to have the head almost impunctate between the eyes and on the clypeus, but on others the punctures, at least those beween the eyes, are fairly coarse. A small, pale, almost non-metallic female, from Mount Tambourine, probably belongs to this species. 289 CoOLASPOIDES HERONI, N. Sp. 3. Brassy-green; under-surface castaneous, appendages flavous, but four apical joints of antennae and part of seventh black. Head uneven between eyes, with dense and rather coarse punctures there, becoming smaller and denser on clypeus, and much sparser and smaller elsewhere ; median line well defined. Antennae rather long and thin, second joint slightly more than half the length of third, the latter distinctly shorter than fourth. Prothorax with large, irregularly distributed punc- tures, sometimes becoming crowded on sides. Elytra with somewhat smaller punctures, but otherwise much as on tarsalis. Flanks of prosternum with a few scattered punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen somewhat irregularly transversely elevated in middle; fifth somewhat shorter than fourth, rather widely foveate in middle. Zegs much as on picticornis. Length, 54-6 mm. Q. Differs in having thinner antennae, more convex and simple abdomen, and in the tibiae and tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron) ; Queens- land: Killarney (H. H. D. Griffith, from R. Illidge). Type, £3277. | On some specimens parts of the under-surface are deeply infuscated, as occasionally are parts of the legs. CoOLASPOIDES ELEGANTULA, 0. Sp. Pl. viii., fig. 160. ¢. Brassy-green; under-surface reddish-castaneous ; appendages flavous, but four apical joints of antennae blackish. Head irregular between eyes, and with some fairly large but irregular punctures there, elsewhere much smaller and sparser ; with a small, impunctate, elevated space near each antenna. Antennae long and thin, second joint not half the length of third, the latter equal to fourth. Prothorax with irregularly distributed and sparse, comparatively small, but sharply defined punctures. Hlytra with punctures of moderate size, becoming larger, crowded, and more or less confluent behind shoulders, smaller and in almost regular striae on apical slope, and in semi-double rows elsewhere. Flanks of prosternum with a few scattered punctures. Abdomen de- pressed along middle, third, and fourth segments, each with a median ridge, the fourth transversely depressed across apex, and twice as long as third,: fifth short and irregularly im- pressed. Front femora acutely dentate; hind tibiae rather feebly dilated on apical half; basal joint of four front tarsi EK 290 strongly inflated, basal joint of hind ones unusually long. Length, 7 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (Macleay Museum, E. Allen, and A. M. Lea), Kuranda (H. J. Carter, from G. E. Bryant). Type, I. 3510. In general appearance close to the preceding species, but more elongate, prothoracic punctures considerably smaller and sparser, basal joint of each of the four front tarsi even larger, and that of the hind ones distinctly longer and thinner. The prothoracic punctures are smaller and sparser than on any of the closely-allied species, and on the type are no larger or denser on the sides than on the disc, but on one female they are somewhat larger and denser there. The basal segment of the abdomen is moderately clothed, and in addition there are some long hairs scattered about. Two females (54-64 mm.) that probably belong to this species differ in being more robust and under-surface darker (on one almost entirely purplish) ; one has antennae coloured as the type, but on the other only the apical joint is dark ; the abdomen is evenly convex, fourth segment no longer than third and not much longer than fifth, hind tibiae shorter but otherwise much the same, basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller, and of the hind pair much shorter. CoOLASPOIDES ANOMOGASTRA, 0. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 140. 3. Reddish-castaneous, with a metallic coppery or bluish gloss. Head irregularly depressed between eyes, median line well defined, a conspicuous impunctate, slightly elevated space near each antenna; with irregularly distributed and rather small punctures, becoming rather dense on clypeus, and very small on front of same. Antennae long and thin, third joint conspicuously shorter than fourth. Prothorax about twice as wide as long; with rather dense and large punctures on sides, much sparser about middle. SH#lytra elongate; with fairly large punctures, larger (and sometimes transversely confluent) behind shoulders than elsewhere, in places in subgeminate rows, and becoming small posteriorly, on apical slope confined to distinct striae. Flanks of prosternwm finely wrinkled, and with numerous fairly large punctures. Abdomen with fourth segment as long as second and third combined, obtusely raised in middle, thence widely subtriangularly flattened to near apex, the apex itself narrowly depressed, fifth somewhat oblique, shallowly depressed in middle. Front femora strongly dentate, hind ones subangulate; hind tibiae rather long, suddenly dilated near base and then gently curved to apex; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly dilated, 291 of the hind ones elongate-triangular. Length, 64-65 mm. Hab.—Queensland. Type in Macleay Museum ; co-type, I. 3644, in South Australian Museum. The prothoracic margins are very feebly undulated in middle, but the degree is so slight that it could be easily over- looked, and the species is so obviously allied to picticornis and tarsalis that it was not referred to B in the table; from the species named, however, it is readily distinguished by the hind tibiae. The two specimens before me have parts of the appendages somewhat paler than the general colour, but prob- ably on fresh ones the contrast would be more accentuated. Owing to the sculpture of the fourth segment the abdomen at first appears to be composed of six segments, or seven if the pygidium is included. Both specimens had parts of the under-surface and appendages eaten by Anthrent when received, but between the two all parts are available for description. CoLASPOIDES MIMETA, N. sp. ¢. Reddish-castaneous with a conspicuous coppery-green gloss; appendages mostly paler, but apical and half of sub- apical joints of antennae black. Head shallowly impressed between eyes, median line lightly impressed ; with moderately dense punctures of medium size, becoming smaller towards base, and small and sparse on front of clypeus. Antennae long and thin, third joint very little shorter than fourth. Prothorax with strongly and evenly rounded sides, angles distinctly armed; with rather large, unevenly distributed punctures, sparser about middle than elsewhere. Hlytra as on preceding species, except that the punctures are somewhat larger. Flanks of prosternum feebly wrinkled in places, and with a few scattered punctures. Abdomen with a shallow depression common to the three median segments, the depression bounded on each side of third with a conspicuous but short apical ridge, fourth about once and one-third the length of third, narrowly depressed at apex, and with a conspicuous median carina, fifth with a small median fovea. Front femora strongly dentate; hind tibiae moderately long, nowhere suddenly dilated, but lower-surface somewhat sinuous; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length (¢, 9), 6-7 mm. Q. Differs in being more compact, abdomen more convex, fourth segment shorter than third, and all simple, hind tibiae shorter, straighter, and evenly dilated from base to apex, and 7 a tarsi ; more conspicuously metallic, and more of antennae ack. flab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron). Type, I. 3645. K2 292 Allied to bicarinata and with somewhat similar legs, but fourth segment of abdomen of male shorter, carinated along middle, and with but feeble elevations at the positions of the acute carinae of that species ; the third segment is also different, as it has a short acute ridge (from the side it appears almost as a subconical tubercle) at about one-third the width of the segment from the side; the second appears to have remnants of similar elevations in a line with those on the third. The femora, palpi, and antennae are mostly flavous; parts of the under-surface are paler than other parts, but the various shades of colour are not sharply limited. COLASPOIDES POECILODERMA, N. sp. Pil. viii., fig. 161. ¢. Brassy-brown, or bronzy, or brassy-green; under- surface blackish, with a bluish or greenish gloss, but tip of abdomen diluted with red; labrum, front of clypeus, and appendages more or less reddish, but apical joint of palpi and apical half (or less) of antennae blackish. Head shallowly depressed between eyes, median line rather feeble; with irregularly distributed punctures of moderate or rather small size, becoming very small on front. of clypeus. Antennae rather long and thin, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax about twice as wide as the median length; with large and not very dense punctures, becoming sparse towards middle. H#lytra with punctures and striae much as on anomogastra. Flanks of prosternum with some punctures about base only, elsewhere shining and with a few wrinkles. Third segment of abdomen with a rather short median ridge, fourth distinctly longer than third, with a con- spicuous subtriangular median ridge, behind same oblique to apex, fifth irregularly transversely depressed, and with a median fovea. Front femora strongly dentate; hind tibiae feebly dilated from base to middle, and then gently curved to apex ; basal joint of four front tarsi rather strongly dilated, of the hind ones elongate-triangular. Length, 6-7 mm. Q. Differs in being more compact, abdomen more convex and simple, legs shorter, hind tibiae gently dilated from base to apex, and in the tarsi. Hab.—New South Wales: Acacia Creek (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3646. Fairly close to elegantula, but male with basal joint of four front tarsi less conspicuously inflated, and of the hind ones much shorter and differently shaped. Heron is of smaller average size, with the abdomen of the male very different, and basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer 293 (although shorter than on elegantula). From tarsalis (to which at first glance it appears to belong) it is readily distinguished by the abdomen and tarsi. One male is without the ridge on the third abdominal segment, but from picticornis it is dis- tinguished by each basal joint of tarsus distinctly shorter than the corresponding one on that species, and antennae with third and fourth joints not conspicuously differing in length. Some specimens are reddish-castaneous with but a slight metallic gloss, others are almost black, and others again are of a vivid-green ; on the paler specimens sometimes only the apical joint of the antennae is black. Some specimens appear to have the clypeus almost equilaterally triangular, owing to its lateral sutures being better defined than usual. Two pale specimens from the Clarence River (Macleay Museum) probably belong to this species, but the male has the basal joint of the four front tarsi somewhat larger than usual (although much smaller than on tarsalis and elegantula); the punctures on the prothorax of the female are also much larger and denser than on the male, but the abdomen and tibiae of the male are as on the type. COLASPOIDES HAEMORRHOIDALIS, n. sp. PI. vais, * Ges, 141, od. Brassy-black, or bronzy with a greenish gloss; labrum, tip of abdomen, and legs bright-red, palpi (tips ex- cepted) flavous, antennae flavous or reddish, three or four apical joints partly or entirely black. Head feebly impressed between eyes, and with median line very feeble; with fairly dense and rather large punctures, denser on clypeus and smaller on front of same than elsewhere. Antennae moderately long, second and third joints subequal. Prothorax about thrice as wide as long; with large and fairly dense punctures, becoming smaller and sparser about middle. Elytra suboblong; with fairly large punctures, larger behind shoulders than elsewhere, in places in subgeminate rows, and confined to distinct striae on parts of apical slope. Flanks of prosternum faintly wrinkled, and with numerous - distinct punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen slightly longer than third, fifth with a curved transverse impression. Front femora strongly dentate; tibiae rather stout, the hind ones distinctly notched near lower apex. Length, 54-54 mm. Q. Differs in having the fourth segment slightly shorter than third, fifth not transversely impressed, appendages some- what shorter, and hind tibiae not notched. Hab.—New South Wales: Kurrajong (Macleay Museum, from G. Masters), Gosford, Springwood (H. J. Carter), Dor- rigo (W. Heron). Type, I. 3647. 294 Of the size of heroni, but darker and with very different hind tibiae of the male, these being notched much as on s¢milis and parvidens. In some lights the impunctate spaces on the head are conspicuously brassy; the legs are of an unusually bright-red. The tip of the abdomen, although red in the female, is less conspicuously so than on the male. The elytral punctures are nearly all isolated, but a few of them from some directions appear to be feebly transversely confluent. The sexual differences are sufficiently distinct, but less pro- nounced than usual, especially with the tarsi, the basal joint of the four front ones of the male being but little larger than the corresponding ones of the female. On one specimen the sides of the prothorax are very feebly undulated in the middle, but on all the others they are evenly rounded there. CoLASPOIDES FOVEIVENTRIS, N. sp. Pla vin) he. wl? 3. Of a vivid golden-green, labrum and appendages reddish-flavous. Head uneven between eyes; with dense and fairly large punctures there, becoming denser and smaller on clypeus, and denser and sparser elsewhere; with an impunctate elevated space near each antenna, median line and clypeal sutures well defined. Antennae rather long and thin, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax with irregularly distributed punc- tures of moderate size. Hlytra more robust than in elegantula, but with very similar punctures. Flanks of prosternwm with fairly numerous punctures about base, but sparse elsewhere. Fifth segment of abdomen not much shorter than fourth along middle, and with a quite circular median fovea. Front femora moderately dentate; hind tibiae with apical third suddenly and strongly dilated on lower-surface, and with a long apical bristle; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 53-64 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more convex and simple, and in the hind tibiae and four front tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns (Macleay Museum and F. P. Dodd). On the female the under-surface is sometimes purplish instead of green; the antennae are sometimes slightly infus- cated at the tip. A female from Kuranda, in Mr. Griffith’s collection, is of a bluish-purple, in some places with reddish- purple reflections, and in others with brassy-green ones, the two apical joints of its antennae are black. A male almost similarly coloured is in the Macleay Museum. The clypeus, 295 except for a slight apical incurvature, is almost equilaterally triangular. The prothoracic punctures are not much larger towards the sides than on the disc, near the margins they are very sparse. In the late Rev. T. Blackburn’s collection a specimen of the species was numbered 4412, and that number was noted as Colaspoides xanthopus, but wanthopus struck out ; I have, in fact, seen it in several collections as that species, but it differs from it in the armed front femora, hind tibiae with apical bristle, and in the different punctures. COLASPOIDES SUAVIS, 0. sp. Q. Of a vivid golden-green; parts of under-surface bluish-green, labrum and appendages flavous, but four apical joints of antennae blackish. Head with fairly dense punctures of moderate size ; median line in places well defined. Antennae rather long and thin, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax with dense punctures of moderate size, and mostly longer than wide, denser on sides than on middle. Llytra with dense punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller posteriorly, but crowded, larger, and more or less confluent behind shoulders. Flanks of prosternum with fairly large, crowded punctures. Length, 54-54 mm. Hab.—Queensland (Macleay Museum), Coen River (W. D. Dodd and H. Hacker). Type, I. 3511. This species might very well have been referred to Cleptor, but as the front femora are strongly dentate, and eyes moder- ately notched, it was referred to Colaspoides ; at first glance the specimens appear as if they were small ones of the preceding species, but the prothorax has much denser punctures, they are also nearly all elliptic, and when viewed from the sides a few appear to be vaguely confluent. One specimen has most of the body-parts purple, with head and prothorax brassy-purple, and scutellum and suture bluish. On parts of the elytra the punctures appear to be in semi-double rows, but they do not become condensed into distinct striae posteriorly, only one subsutural stria being distinct on each elytron. CoLASPOIDES PALLIDULA, N. sp. 3. Flavous. Head rather more convex than usual; with fairly dense punctures of moderate size between eyes, becoming denser on clypeus, and sparser and smaller elsewhere, with an impunc- tate elevated space near each antenna. Antennae moderately long, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothoraz more than twice as wide as long, sides evenly rounded; with irregularly 296 distributed punctures of moderate size, becoming larger and denser, but not crowded, on sides. Hlytra with punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller and in fairly deep striae pos- teriorly, in places in semi-double rows and nowhere trans- versely confluent. Abdomen with fifth segment as long as fourth, and with a median fovea. Front femora moderately dentate; apical half of hind tibiae gently dilated ; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length, 5-54 mm. ©. Differs in the evenly convex abdomen, hind tibiae gently and evenly increasing in width from base, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler), Rock- hampton (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3276. A small pale species, one specimen entirely without metallic lustre‘and the other almost without same; the tips of the antennae are missing from both. The elytral punctures are not crowded even behind the shoulders. CoOLASPOIDES DODDI, n. sp. 3. Flavous; upper-surface with a vague purplish gloss, under-surface somewhat darker than legs. Head with fairly dense punctures of moderate size between eyes, becoming smaller and denser on clypeus and somewhat sparser elsewhere; median line fairly well defined. Second joint of antennae more than half the length of third, the latter equal to fourth. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, sides evenly rounded; with moderately dense and rather small punctures. Llytra with not very large punctures, nowhere very dense or transversely confluent, in places in semi-double rows, becoming smaller posteriorly. Flanks of prosternum with sparse punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen fully twice the length of fifth, the latter with a median impression. Front femora strongly dentate. Length, 3} mm. Hab.—North-western Australia: Derby (W. D. Dodd). Type (unique), I. 3420. An unusually small pale species. There are but two subsutural striae on each elytron, and the outer one of these is not very deep ; it commences below the summit of the apical slope. The basal joint of each of the four front tarsi is slightly larger than is usual in females, but much smaller than is usual in males, but the abdomen is essentially masculine. CoOLASPOIDES ACERVATA, N. sp. Q. Brassy or bronzy; labrum and appendages red, tip of antennae infuscated. 297 Head with dense punctures of moderate size, and more or less obliquely confluent, except on clypeus, where they are slightly smaller but separately impressed; median line well defined. Antennae rather long and thin, fourth joint slightly shorter than third and fifth. Prothorar about thrice as wide as long, with rather dense punctures of moderate size on disc, becoming larger and crowded on sides, where many are con- fluent. H/lytra with dense and coarse punctures, on apical slope in deep striae near suture, in places in feeble geminate rows, but mostly transversely rugose, the rugae more conspicu- ous behind shoulders than elsewhere, but traceable almost tc apex. Flanks of prosternum with rather large and crowded punctures. Front femora rather strongly dentate. Length, ‘64-73 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Galston (D. Dumbrell), Gos- gord, {A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3512. The punctures on the sides of the prothorax are unusually dense. The comparative shortness of the fourth joint of antennae, although similar in the two following species, is rather unusual, the difference between it and the adjacent ones is not very great but is readily seen. Since the above was written I have seen three Macleay Museum specimens, of which one (labelled as from Kurrajong) is a male; it differs from the female in having the prothorax less transverse (hardly more than twice as wide as long), abdomen less convex, fourth segment much longer than the fifth, and both depressed in middle. The tarsi are all too dirty to be described, but the hind tibiae are much as on the female, except that they are somewhat stouter. CoLASPOIDES CRASSIPES, 0. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 143. 3. Bronzy-black, parts of under-surface and of muzzle ‘diluted with red; legs red, palpi and antennae paler, but two apical joints of the latter blackish. Head with fairly dense punctures of moderate size _ be- tween eyes, becoming denser on clypeus, subconfluent near hind margins of eyes, and smaller and sparser elsewhere. Antennae with joints proportioned as in preceding species. Prothoraxz about twice as wide as long, with fairly dense but evenly distributed punctures of moderate size. Hlytra with ‘dense punctures of various sizes, large and more or less trans- versely confluent from shoulders to beyond middle, but a few ‘confluent almost to apex, in semi-double rows, mostly of small ‘ones, in parts, and in two distinct subsutural striae on apical 298 slope of each elytron. Flanks of prosternum with fairly large and rather dense punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen more than twice the length of fifth along middle, and the sides much longer, with a shallow median depression, fifth incurved to middle of apex, and with a fairly large median depression- Legs stout ; front femora feebly dentate ; hind tibiae suddenly and strongly dilated at apical third, the others rather strongly but regularly dilated to apex; basal joint of four front tarsi. strongly inflated. Length, 64 mm. /Tab.—Queensland: Somerset (C. French). Type (unique),. 1. 3513: The hind tibiae are much as on farsalis, and in fact the species appears to be intermediate between such species as tarsalis and the preceding one. The legs are unusually stout, from most directions the front femora appear to be edentate, but from certain directions a subangulate swelling may be seen to be topped bya minute tooth ; this will distinguish the species from Cleptor inermis, to which structurally it is very close. Most of the under-surface has a greenish gloss, and in some lights the scutellum also. The general outlines are much as in the preceding species, but the punctures are very dif- erent ; on the prothorax they are slightly denser on the sides than on the disc, but they are nowhere confluent; there is a vague transverse depression behind each shoulder. The median line on the head is fairly distinct only in front. Three specimens in the Macleay Museum (from Port Denison) are possibly females of this species; one is coloured as the type, but the others are brassier ; they differ in having the abdomen more convex, hind tibiae regularly dilated to apex, and in the tarsi. CoOLASPOIDES PICTIPES, Nn. sp. Pl. vin, fies 162? 3d. Black with a bronzy-green gloss, becoming brassy or brassy-green on under-surface; legs red, middle of femora. brassy-green, tarsi blackish, antennae testaceous, six apical joints blackish. Head somewhat uneven between eyes, and with dense- punctures of moderate size there, becoming denser on clypeus, and somewhat sparser towards base; median line rather dis- tinct. Antennae with joints proportioned as in acervata. Prothorax with comparatively small and sparse, but clearly defined punctures. Hlytra with feeble rows of small punc- tures, nowhere confluent, and of fairly large size only on an irregular post-humeral depression, only one subsutural stria om each elytron. Flanks of prosternum with rather large, evenly 299 distributed punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen almost twice the length of the fifth along middle, and much more at sides, fifth with a curved transverse impression, somewhat inflated in middle. Legs stout; front femora feebly dentate, hind ones with a strong obtuse tooth ; hind tibiae strongly but not suddenly dilated to apex; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly dilated. Length, 7 mm. flab.—Queensland: Bundaberg (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3294. The punctures are unusually small, many of the seriate ones on the elytra could even be called minute; on the head and pro- thorax they are much the size of those of parvidens, but on the head they are much denser. The general appearance is sug- gestive of Puraphanes nitidus of the Tenebrionidae. The tooth on the front femora is so small that it could easily be over- looked, but the one on the hind pair (but which is probably confined to the male) is very conspicuous. Division 8. CoLASPOIDES SIMILIS, n. sp. Pl. vii., fig. 90; pl. viii., fig. 163. ¢. Brassy or bronzy, under-surface in parts diluted with red; legs red, labrum, palpi, and antennae paler, but four or five apical joints of the latter infuscated. Head with crowded, rather coarse, and frequently con- fluent punctures between eyes, becoming still more crowded on clypeus, but sparser and seldom confluent towards base ; median line well defined. Antennae moderately long, third and fourth joints subequal. Prothorax with rather dense but somewhat unevenly distributed punctures of moderate size, becoming larger, crowded, and sometimes confluent on sides, imterspaces with minute punctures; sides gently undulated in middie. H/lytra with dense punctures of moderate size, becom- ing larger, more crowded, and more or less confluent behind shoulders, but a few feebly confluent to near apex; only one subsutural stria on each elytron. Flanks of prosternum with rather large and crowded punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen along middle about once and one-half the length of fifth, the latter transversely impressed in middle. Legs stout; front and hind femora each with a small tooth; tibiae strongly dilated to apex ; basal joint of four front tarsi rather strongly dilated. Length, 63-7 mm. @. Differs in having abdomen evenly convex and simple, fifth segment slightly longer than fourth, hind femora edentate, tibiae less dilated, and in the tarsi. 300 Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (Queensland Museum’s No. 321, A. J. Turner and R. Illidge). Type, I. 3514. In general appearance close to acervata, but sides of pro- thorax not the same (although quite evidently closely allied to that species, it would, by both Chapuis’ and Lefevre’s tables be widely separated from it), punctures on the head not quite as dense and less conspicuously confluent, but on the clypeus some of them are confluent, whereas on that species they are all free. There is usually a rather conspicuous impunctate space on the head near each eye, and on some specimens there are remnants of an impunctate median line on prothorax; the punctures on the middle of the elytra, although not in striae, appear to be in almost regular, closely placed rows, but else- where the lineate arrangement is less, or not at all, evident. On perfect specimens each prothoracic angle is provided with a long hair. The hind tibiae of the male of this and of the following species are triangularly notched near the lower apex, with a conspicuous tooth behind the notch; on many others of the genus there is a somewhat similar but less con- spicuous notch. CoOLASPOIDES PARVIDENS, N. Sp. 3d. Bronzy, with a vague greenish gloss; under-surface and appendages more or less castaneous, parts of metasternum with a golden-green gloss, five apical joints of antennae infuscated. Head with fairly dense and not very large punctures: between eyes, becoming more crowded on clypeus, and much smaller and sparser elsewhere; median line well defined. Antennae rather long, third and fourth joints subequal. Pro- thorax with moderately undulated sides, with sparse and rather small but sharply defined punctures, becoming larger but not crowded on sides. Hlytra with semi-double rows of small and rather distant punctures, of moderate size only on a post-humeral depression, only one subsutural stria on each elytron. Flanks of prosternwm with rather large but not crowded punctures. Abdomen and legs much as on preceding species. Length, 6? mm. Hab.—Queensland (Blackburn’s collection, from F. M. Bailey). Type (unique), I. 3286. In general appearance close to the preceding species, but with much sparser and finer punctures on the whole of the upper-surface, sides of prothorax more undulated, etc. In general appearance it is strikingly close to some specimens of Cleptor zanthopus, but sides of prothorax more undulated and front and hind femora dentate, etc. 301 CLEPTOR. Although placed in the Hdusitae (whose elytra are given as more or less evidently transversely rugose) the elytra of this genus were described as “vix perspicue rugosa.” Blackburn (ante, 1900, p. 167) has commented upon the extreme closeness of the genus to Colaspoides, and has referred to it Colaspis zanthopus. I have identified, with some doubt, Colaspis australis, which also appears to belong to the genus. It is doubtful if the genus can be maintained as distinct from Colaspoides, but, nevertheless, I venture to here treat it as distinct, and to split it up into several divisions, each with definite structural features (but of doubtful importance). Some of the divisions might very well be regarded as belonging to Colaspoides, but at least it is probable that future workers will be able to recognize them. Quite possibly also some of them might be regarded as belonging to Hdusa (to which genus several species with entirely glabrous upper-surface have been referred). In all the species the second joint of the antennae is always distinctly shorter than the third. They are nearly all brightly metallic, greatly variable, and of small or medium size. The tibiae are usually supplied with conspicuous ridges or carinae ; of these there are usually several on the sides and two on the supper-surface, extending from the base, or near same, to apex, gradually becoming more distant till at the apex they are rather wide apart, and a notch appears in which the base of the tarsus can rest ; the ridges, with the accompany- ing channel, are usually more distinct on the middle pair or on the two hind pairs than on the front ones. The sexes differ | in the apical segment of abdomen, in the tarsi, and usually in the tibiae. Div. 1.—Upper-surface glabrous. Eyes entire or almost so. Prothorax with margins not dentate or subdentate about middle, and at base scarcely, if at all, narrower than base of elytra. Femora edentate; tibiae longitudinally canaliculate, and not notched near outer apex ; claws appendiculate. Div. 2.—With the specified characters of Div. 1, except that the tibiae are not longitudinally canaliculate. Div. 3.—With the specified characters of Div. 1, except that the front femora are dentate; the tooth itself is some- times small, but in such cases the femur itself is distinctly angulate. Div. 4.—With the specified characters of Div. 1, except that the front femora are dentate, and that the tibiae are not longitudinally canaliculate. | Div. 5.—With the specified characters of Div. 1, except that the front femora are dentate, the tibiae not longitudinally canaliculate, and that the eyes are notched. 302 Rufimanus and harold: were not included in the following table as their positions could not be definitely assigned without knowing the males; they certainly, however, belong to cc:— A. Front femora edentate. a. Middle tibiae not longitudinally canali- culate. * Head and prothorax flavous, not metallic ** Head and prothorax metallic. b. Prothorax shagreened and with minute punctures. * Clypeus with fairly well- areas pee tures "... : ‘ ** Clypeus without such . p as Hee bb. Prothorax scarcely or not at all shagreened, and with distinct punctures. * Knees not at all infuscated ** Knees conspicuously infuscated : aa. Middle tibiae lonettadinally canaliculate. c. Size minute re ey ccs aA; cc. Size larger. d. Flanks of aa eer with Seas eb eigen striae dd. Flanks with neither conspicuous ‘striae nor punctures on apical half : ddd. Flanks with conspicuous punctures. e. Under-surface of hind tibiae of male incurved near apex ... ee. Under-surface of hind tibiae not so TMCUPVEG). clicce cru) et ee eee AA. Front femora dentate. B. Middle tibiae not canaliculate. f. Punctures on head subequal to those of prothorax .... ff. Punctures on head larger than on ‘pro- thorax. g. Eyes feebly notched gg. Eyes strongly notched BB. Middle tibiae canaliculate. C. Prothorax reddish, not metallic CC. Prothorax metallic. D. Sides of prothorax with crowded con- spicuous punctures. h. Punctures at sides of prothorax much smaller than the adjacent ones on elytra a 8h i | hh. Punctures there scarcely smaller than the adjacent ones on elytra DD. Sides of prothorax with sparse and usually very small punctures. E. Few, if any, punctures transversely confluent behind shoulders EE. Many elytral punctures confluent behind shoulders. F. Punctures much denser on clypeus than on vertex FF. Punctures alike on \ clypeus and vertex ; ; pa pth an semiviridis globulus tersus bigener minutus caeruleus striatipectus multicolor inermis (?) subhumeralis minor coriaceus goudier chloropterus pallidiventris apicistriatus laevicollis simplicipennis electus 303 Division 1. CLEPTOR INERMIS, Lef. (2) Colaspoides australis, Jac. (?) Colaspoides zanthopus, Har. Pl. viii., fig. 144. The sexual characters of inermis, the typical species of Cleptor, were not mentioned. There are in the Museum the three specimens previously commented upon by Blackburn, and bearing labels as follows : — 1. “Queensland,” “99,” ‘Cleptor imermis, named by Jacoby.” 2. “Austral Damel,” “106,” “Colasp. xanthopus, named by Jacoby”’; ‘‘Xanthopus, Har.’’ 3. “Sidney,’’ ( “Coll. Chapuis,” ‘“Neotazis fulgida, Lefevre-Chapuis.” Of these the first two are bronzy females, and agree per- fectly in all structural details, but the second specimen has the margins of the elytra bluish and of the prothorax greenish, its legs are reddish, with the tarsi infuscated; on the first specimen the prothorax and elytra are of uniform colour throughout, and the legs are entirely red; those of the type were described as “nigro-brunneis.” The third specimen is certainly, I think, conspecific with the others, but is a male and more brightly metallic (golden-red with greenish reflec- tions, the margins as on the second specimen), with blackish legs having a metallic blue gloss, but the tarsi infuscated only ; the apical segment of its abdomen is irregularly depressed in the middle, the hind tibiae (fig. 144) are curiously shaped at the apex, and the basal joint of each of the four front tarsi is distinctly inflated. Two other males (from Mackay) agree well with the third specimen, but tend more to a purplish- bronze, with margins violet (on one of them the prothoracic margins are green), the legs (except the tarsi) are also dark. Another male was labelled ‘“‘Platymela (?) sapphira, Boisd.,’’() in Blackburn’s collection; it is of a vivid-green, with violet margins and under-surface, and dark legs (tarsi and knees paler). There are also numerous specimens in the Macleay Museum, from Rockhampton and Dawson River, and varying in colour from brassy to deep-purple. All the specimens have the flanks of the prosternum with numerous sharply defined punctures, and non-striate except close to the coxae ; the latter _ (90) The locality is almost certainly wrong. (91) It is not Chrysomela fulvilabris, Germ., of which C. sapphira, Fab. (Boisd.), is supposed to be a synonym, as that species certainly belongs to the Chrysomelides. 304 character alone is sufficient to distinguish them from multicolor and striatipectus. The description of xanthopus is insufficient for its positive identification, as the sexual features are not noted ; if varietal, it has precedence of mermis, in which case the red-legged form should be known as zanthopus and the dark-legged one as var. inermis. The description of Colaspoides australis also agrees fairly well with specimens of this species, but here again the essential sexual features were not mentioned. In the short diagnosis the legs were described as fulvous, but in the lengthier description they were stated to be piceous or dark fulvous; if australis should also prove to be synonymous it would appear that Jacoby had specimens of both the typical form and of the variety. CLEPTOR RUFIMANUS, Lef. In the original description of this species the legs (except as to their colour) and abdomen were not even mentioned, and as it evidently belongs to a section of the genus whose species are most readily identified by the male tibiae, it seems inad- visable to positively identify any species as rufimanus, without comparison with the type, unless the same happens to be a male, and its sexual features are noted; it is desirable also that the sculpture of the flanks of its prosternum should be noted. There are, however, five females before me, of which two (mounted together) from the Blackburn collection bear labels as follows: —-‘‘N. Austral.,’’ ““Cleptor rufimanus, by Jacoby,”’ “rufimanus, Lef.’’; and these specimens have the prothoracic punctures, apparently the most distinctive characters of the species, as described. The others are from Mackay, Cairns, and Somerset. I have seen no males that could be confidently associated with them. CLEPTOR HAROLDI, Blackb. Of this species the legs (except as to their colour) and abdomen were not even mentioned. The type is now in the British Museum ; in the collection of the late Rev. T. Blackburn it was represented by a label only. Possibly two females in the Museum (from Cairns), one purplish-blue, the other brassy, may belong to the species; but as the essential sexual features were not mentioned it is quite impossible to identify the species with certainty from the original description. CLEPTOR MULTICOLOR, N. sp. 3g. Of variable colours. Head with fairly numerous but rather small punctures, denser between eyes than elsewhere ; median line well defined in front, but becoming feeble or absent about base. Prothorax 305 with rather strongly and evenly rounded sides, base much wider than apex; with scattered punctures of moderate size. Elytra with irregular rows of rather small and distant punc- tures, becoming smaller and more distant posteriorly, and larger and denser (but not very dense) just behind the shoulders ; apical slope with subsutural stria only distinct, but with feeble remnants of others. Flanks of prosternum without punctures, and without striation on most or all of the surface. Fifth segment of abdomen with a small distinct fovea. Femora edentate ; tibiae conspicuously ridged, regularly increasing in width to apex ; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length, 34-6 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more convex, without fovea, tibiae somewhat thinner, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection), Cairns district (E. Allen, F. P. Dodd, A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3293. The comparatively sparse prothoracic punctures render it certain that this species is not inermis, canthopus, australis, rufimanus, or haroldi, the flanks of the prosternum with neither conspicuous striae nor punctures also readily distinguish it from those species, and the hind tibiae of the male are con- spicuously different from those of the species that appear to be inermis. It is an abundant species, very variable in colour and size, but readily distinguished by the prosternum and tibiae. The commonest form of the species has the elytra more or less purplish, with the head, prothorax (the margins usually excepted), and under-surface brassy-green or bluish, and the labrum, front of clypeus, and the appendages more or less reddish, but with part of the antennae infuscated. But the elytra are frequently brassy at the sides, or entirely brassy, or brassy-green, or steel-blue, or bronzy; the head and pro- thorax nearly always have a greenish or brassy-green gloss, except that the margins are usually violet or deep-blue; but even when conspicuously green they frequently have a purplish gloss in places. Sometimes only the apical joint of antennae is infuscated, and sometimes only the five basal joints are entirely pale; usually the tip of the abdomen is obscurely diluted with red; the legs are occasionally deeply infuscated, the tarsi less noticeably so than the other parts. On many specimens the flanks of the prosternum are entirely non- striated ; but on others striae are visible on the sides from about the middle to the base ; they are usually rather distinct, but vary through various degrees of intensity till they alto- gether vanish ; punctures, however, appear to be always absent, but on the episterna they are numerous, but the episterna ‘themselves, being separated by deep sutures from the flanks, 306 no confusion should arise from same. On the smallest speci- mens the punctures on the pronotum are sparse and rather small, on the largest ones they are distinctly larger and more numerous, although by no means dense; the punctures on the: head and elytra also differ somewhat in size, but there are so many intermediate forms in the Museum that I cannot believe these differences to be more than individual. The elytra are not transversely depressed behind the shoulders, but the punctures there are larger than elsewhere, although even on the largest specimens they are not transversely con- fluent. The elytral striation on this, as on most species of the genus, is practically confined to a subsutural stria on the apical slope of each elytron; on the apical slope rows of small punctures are fairly distinct, but the striae in which they are set are so feeble that without the punctures they could be easily overlooked. CLEPTOR SUBHUMERALIS, N. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 145. 3. Brassy or bronzy; labrum and appendages more or less reddish, but antennae infuscated about apex. Head irregularly depressed between eyes, median line distinct ; with numerous sharply defined, but not very large punctures, absent from a small space near each antennae, and denser on clypeus than elsewhere. /Prothorax with sides obliquely diminishing in width from base to near apex, but with front angles rounded ; with dense punctures of moderate size and frequently suboblong, rather sparser (but still fairly dense) on middle than elsewhere, with very small punctures scattered about. Hlytra with numerous rather irregular (in places semi-double) rows of punctures, of rather small size towards suture and posteriorly, and larger (but not confluent) behind shoulders (the shoulders themselves impunctate) than elsewhere; apical slope of each elytron with a well defined subsutural stria, and with feeble remnants of others. Flanks of prosternum with rather dense and fairly large punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen with a shallow median depression. Femora edentate; tibiae conspicuously ridged, front ones almost evenly dilated to apex; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 5-6 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more strongly and evenly convex, tibiae thinner, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Somerset (C. French). Type, I. 3576. One male has the prothorax with a conspicuous greenish gloss, on another it is almost of a golden-red, but the colour varies to a certain extent with the point of view. The margin of each elytron (as seen from the side) appears to slope rapidly 307 downwards to about the basal fourth, then to be rather strongly rounded, and then to be very gently arcuate to the apex ; in consequence there appears to be a rather conspicuous post-humeral swelling ; somewhat similar, but less pronounced, swellings are to be seen on most species of the genus. CLEPTOR STRIATIPECTUS, Nn. sp. 3. Brassy-green or bluish-green; labrum and appen- ‘dages reddish, tip of antennae infuscated. Head shallowly depressed between eyes, median line dis- tinct ; with sharply defined punctures of moderate size, but not quite evenly distributed. Flanks of prosternum conspicuously but irregularly striated and impunctate. Fifth segment of abdomen with a wide, shallow, irregular depression. Femora edentate ; tibiae with conspicuous ridges, the hind pair strongly dilated near apex; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length, 44-54 mm. Q. Differs in having the hind tibiae regularly increasing in width to apex, and in the tarsi and abdomen. Hab.—Queensland: Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler), Bris- bane (A. J. Turner). Type, I. 3577. In general appearance close to the preceding species and to those herein commented upon as inermis, rufimanus, and haroldi, but readily distinguished by the flanks of the proster- num ; these are conspicuously impressed throughout with oblique, longitudinal, or transverse striae, and are entirely without punctures, although on the episterna the latter are dense. There are seven specimens of the species before me, and two of these have the sculpture of the pronotum and elytra exactly as described in the preceding species, except that on the apical slope of each elytron there is an additional distinct stria adjacent to the subsutural one, and that the post-humeral swellings are less conspicuous, these differences being common to the seven ; but two of them have the prothoracic punctures smaller and more rounded, and the elytral punctures smaller ; on two others the prothoracic punctures are much as on that species, but the elytral ones are distinctly larger and many are transversely confluent ; the other (a female) has still larger punctures, of which many are confluent, even on the apical slope, where also the striae are more numerous and well defined. One female has most of the body parts brassy, with the elytra verging to brassy-purple. CLEPTOR CAERULEUS, n. sp. ¢. Deep-blue, head with a greenish gloss, under-surface and legs black, but parts of the latter obscurely diluted with red ; palpi and antennae partly reddish. 308 Head with fairly numerous and sharply defined but not very large punctures, denser on clypeus than elsewhere. Pro- thorar with rather strongly rounded sides, angles obtusely armed ; with fairly dense and not very large punctures on disc, becoming suboblong and rather crowded on sides. Hlytra with numerous almost regular rows of rather small punctures, of almost even size throughout, except that they are fairly large behind the shoulders; striation rather strong on apical slope. Flanks of prosternum with numerous strong punctures, except close to outer margin. Metasternum with dense and fairly large punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen with a feeble median depression. Femora edentate; tibiae with strong ridges, almost evenly dilated to apex ; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length (d, 9), 2-22 mm. Q. Differs in having somewhat thinner tibiae, and in the abdomen and tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda (H. Hacker and H. J. Carter, from G. E. Bryant). Type, I. 3578. A small deep-blue species, not very close to any other known one; the shoulders have a vague coppery gloss. The male has a rather distinct median line on the head, but on the female it is scarcely traceable. Partly owing to its punc- tures, and partly to the impunctate spaces adjacent to the antennae, the clypeus appears to be subtriangularly depressed.- Division 2. CLEPTOR GLOBULUS, N. sp. Brassy, in places with a slight greenish gloss; appendages reddish, tip of antennae infuscated. Head with crowded punctures of moderate size; median line shallow. /Prothorax with sides feebly rounded but rather strongly diminishing in width from base to apex; shagreened and minutely punctate. Hlytra almost as wide as long; with dense punctures of moderate size, smaller towards suture and larger behind shoulders than elsewhere. Abdomen convex ; fifth segment with dense and fairly large punctures. Length, 2? mm. /Tab.-—Western Australia: Kalgoorlie (F. H. du Boulay). Type (unique), I. 3419. | small, compact species, at first glance suggestive of Ditropidus, but with the pygidium concealed. The type appears to be a female, as the fifth segment of its abdomen - is without a depression, and the basal joint of no tarsus is distinctly inflated. The shagreening of the prothorax causes the same to appear less polished than the scutellum and elytra. The elytral punctures are mostly in rows, some of which are 309 geminate ; on the apical slope the striation is distinct towards: the suture, and the punctures are quite as large as on the sides (except close to the shoulders) and larger than towards the suture. The flanks of the prosternum in places have dis- tinct punctures, and in others striae, but elsewhere are quite smooth. The tibiae are not longitudinally ridged and canali-. culate, but each of the four hind ones has a feeble apical notch in which it is possible for the base of the tarsus to rest ; also: near the outer apex each is feebly incurved, but not conspicu-. ously notched as in Lhyparida. CLEPTOR BIGENER, Nn. sp. Of a vivid-green ; labrum and appendages reddish, tip of antennae infuscated. Head with crowded punctures of moderate size ; a shallow depression between eyes, median line feeble but traceable to. base. Prothorax with sides obliquely decreasing in width from base to near apex ; with dense small punctures, becoming crowded and suboblong on sides, the interspaces with minute- punctures. Scutellum with dense, small punctures. Flytra suboblong ; with fairly dense punctures of moderate size, rather: smaller towards suture, and larger behind shoulders than else- where ; apical slope with distinct striae only near suture and sides. Flanks of prosternwm with numerous distinct but not very large punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen shallowly depressed in middle, and with numerous punctures. /emora edentate; tibiae regularly increasing in width to apex, and not longitudinally canaliculate; basal joint of front tarsi rather lightly dilated. Length, 3 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Whitton (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3579. Although the non-canaliculation of the tibiae associates this with the preceding species, it has but little in common. with it. In fact, it, pallidiventris, and electus appear in some respects (strikingly so in colours) to be close to Hdusa poda- grosa, flavipes, metallica, and chlorophana, nor am I at all certain but that they should be generically associated with those species. The prothorax appears to be feebly shagreened, but this is almost solely due to the minute punctures scattered amongst the larger (but still small) ones. The depression on the apical segment of the abdomen is so slight, and the front tarsi are so feebly dilated, that I am doubtful as to the sex of the type. CLEPTOR SEMIVIRIDIS, n. sp. Pl, viit., fig, 146: 3. Flavous; scutellum, elytra, and metasternum metallic-green, abdomen almost black, its tip diluted with red.. 310 Head with crowded asperate punctures of moderate size, becoming smaller towards base and very small on front of clypeus; with several very feeble depressions. Eyes rather large. Prothorax about thrice as wide as long; with rather dense subasperate punctures of moderate size, becoming larger and crowded on sides, the interspaces with minute punctures. Scutellum with small, dense punctures. Hlytra not much wider than prothorax; with rather dense and fairly large punctures, larger behind shoulders than elsewhere, about middle in subgeminate rows, and towards suture on apical slope confined to distinct striae. Flanks of prosternum lightly striated, and with scattered distinct punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen depressed in middle. Femora edentate ; tibiae not longitudinally canaliculate, the hind ones rather suddenly dilated about apex. Length, 3} mm. Hab.—Queensland: Gayndah (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3618. I had this species associated with Lucolaspis tricolor, ready to be described, before noticing that it was congeneric with Cleptor chloropterus; the three species, in fact, are very similar in appearance; but the present differs from the latter species in its much larger eyes, larger and denser punctures, unarmed front femora, and very different tibiae ; from tricolor it differs in its much larger eyes, head with much denser punc- tures, and in the tibiae. The four hind tibiae are feebly incurved near the outer apex, but not distinctly notched as in Rhyparida, nor are the elytral punctures, a few of which are transversely confluent, as on any species of that genus. CLEPTOR MINUTUS, N. sp. 3. Metallic-green, in places with a slight coppery gloss ; under-surface almost entirely coppery, labrum blackish, appendages reddish, in parts infuscated. Head with fairly dense, sharply defined punctures of moderate size; clypeus very short, lateral sutures feeble, the hind one obsolete ; labrum very short. Antennae comparatively short, second joint almost as long as first, and distinctly longer than third, five apical joints rather wide. Prothoraz scarcely twice as wide as the median length, sides rather strongly rounded, with dense punctures of moderate size, smaller in middle than elsewhere. Hlytra not much wider than pro- thorax ; with fairly dense subasperate punctures of moderate size, larger behind shoulders than elsewhere, and many trans- versely confluent there, in places in feeble subgeminate rows, interspaces with minute punctures; apical slope with distinct striae only towards suture and sides. Flanks of prosternwm with numerous distinct punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen 311 with a small but distinct apical fovea. Femora stout, eden- tate ; tibiae not longitudinally canaliculate ; basal joint of four front tarsi inflated. Length, 24-24 mm. Q. Differs in having the upper-surface entirely brassy, abdomen more convex and non-foveate, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia: King George Sound (British Museum, from C. Darwin, and Macleay Museum), Karridale, Swan River (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3648. A minute insect, in general appearance very close to Rhinobolus nitidus, but differing very considerably in the clypeus and labrum; these were regarded by Blackburn as the most characteristic features of the genus; both sexes also. are very similar to those of Hdusoides pulcher, but the tibiae are without the conspicuous apical process of that species, and the elytra are entirely glabrous; on the whole it appears better to refer the species to Cleptor rather than to any other, as I am averse to proposing a new one for its reception; the comparatively long second joint of antennae is aberrant. In the table, although associated with brgener, it is really not very close to that species. The dark parts of the appendages are the apical joint of each palpus, parts of the basal and of the six (or less) apical joints of antennae, the claw joints, and the knees ; but the knees also have a metallic green gloss. The male in the Macleay Museum has the scutellum conspicuously brassy, but on the type it is green. The type female has the abdomen malformed, as the fourth segment, although normal on the right side, is suddenly pinched out before it reaches the left side, its place there being taken by an enlarged portion: of the third segment. CLEPTOR TERSUS, NR. sp. 3. Bright metallic-green; labrum and _ appendages flavous. Head flat between eyes; shagreened and with dense and rather small asperate punctures ; clypeus elongate, shagreened and impunctate; labrum very short. Prothorar about twice as wide as median length, sides lightly rounded; shagreened and densely and minutely punctate. Hlytra very little wider than prothorax, with fairly dense punctures of moderate size, larger behind shoulders than elsewhere, the interspaces with rather dense minute ones; apical slope lightly striate. Flanks of prosternum finely striate, and with some scattered punc- tures. Femora edentate; tibiae not longitudinally canalicu- late, basal joint of four front tarsi rather lightly inflated. Length, 25 mm. Hab.—Western Australia. Type (unique), in Macleay Museum. 312 Allied to globulus, but (apart from the—possibly sexual— differences in colour) distinctly narrower, elytra with larger punctures, many of which are transversely confluent behind the shoulders; the four hind tibiae are feebly incurved near the outer apex, as on that species. On the type not even the tip of the antennae is dark. The fifth segment of the abdomen from most directions appears to be flattened in middle, but from others a vague median depression may be seen. The tip of the apical joint of each palpus is narrower than the middle of the same, but is truncated. Division 3. CLEPTOR LAEVICOLLIS, N. sp. Pho vin, he. Sls pl. wvalis, nes. 147 and 148; 3. Of variable colours. Head with fairly dense punctures of moderate or rather small size and well defined, a few confluent; median line usually well defined. LProthorax with sides rather rapidly obliquely decreasing in width from base to apex, all angles produced and acute; with sparse and small punctures. Hlytra with more or less irregular rows of moderately large punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly, and larger behind shoulders than elsewhere ; striation on apical slope distinct near suture and sides. Flanks of prosternwm lightly striated in places, but elsewhere quite smooth. Fifth segment of abdomen lightly transversely impressed, and with a small median fovea. Femora stout, the front pair lightly dentate; tibiae rather strongly dilated to apex and with conspicuous ridges, the front pair notched at outer apex; basal joint of four front tarsi rather strongly inflated. Length, 4-5 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more convex, non- foveate, tibiae less stout, and in the tarsi. fHob.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection and E. W. Ferguson), Coen and Stewart Rivers (W. D. Dodd), ‘Cooktown (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 3298. In some respects agrees fairly well with Colaspoides sim- plicipennis, but with the front femora dentate, the tooth, although small and invisible from certain directions, is fairly distinct from others, as it crowns a subangulate inflation. In general appearance close to multicolor, and like that species extremely variable, but readily distinguished by the dentate front femora, and different prothoracic punctures; these are usually very small, and could be easily overlooked ; on some specimens, however, they are fairly distinct, although not of even moderate size. The elytral punctures are also variable in size and density, so that on some specimens they could be 313 regarded as rather small, even behind the shoulders, whereas. on others they are rather coarse there, but on none do they appear to be distinctly confluent. The most abundant form is of a more or less brassy-green or brassy-blue, but specimens vary from a vivid-green to deep-purple, or even black, with but a slight bluish gloss; the brightly-green specimens as a rule are males, and the purple ones females, but the brassy, brassy-purple, and blue ones may belong to either sex. The appendages are reddish, sometimes almost flavous, but with antennae partly infuscated, the infuscation varying from only the tip of the eleventh joint to the whole of the five apical ones ; the legs are occasionally deeply infuscated. Some specimens from Cairns (Macleay Museum), Mackay (R. E. Turner), and the Endeavour River (C. French) appear to belong to this species, but have the prothoracic punctures rather more conspicuous, although small; they vary in colour in similar ways and the sexual differences are the same, so I presume they represent but a variety. CLEPTOR CHLOROPTERUS, N.. Sp. o. Flavous-red; elytra brassy-green. Head with rather, numerous well defined but rather small punctures, more distinct between eyes than elsewhere ; median line feeble in front, and disappearing before base. Prothorax with strongly rounded sides; with a few scattered and rather small punctures. H/ytra with fairly large and irregular punc- tures on basal third, becoming lineate in arrangement and smaller posteriorly ; with a deep subsutural stria on apical slope of each elytron, and with remnants of others. Flanks of prosternum without punctures or striae. Fifth segment of abdomen depressed across middle, and with a feeble central fovea. Femora stout, front pair angulate and dentate ; tibiae with distinct ridges, dilated to and notched at apex; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly dilated. Length, 3 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3580. The reddish head and prothorax readily distinguish from other species of the genus; the absence of notches from near the outer apex of the four hind tibiae is evidence that the species should not be referred to Rhyparida. The prothoracic: punctures, although not large, are sharply defined. CLEPTOR APICISTRIATUS, N. sp. Black, with a slight bronzy gloss; labrum, palpi (tips excepted), five basal joints of antennae, and base of each of the others, more or less reddish, legs deeply infuscated. 314 Head shallowly depressed between eyes, median line absent ; punctures of rather small size, but sharply defined and somewhat unevenly distributed. Eyes comparatively large. Prothorax with strongly rounded sides; punctures on disc small and rather sparse, but becoming coarse and crowded on sides. Hlytra with irregular punctures; apical slope strongly and almost regularly striated. Flanks of prosternum with distinct punctures, episterna striated. Femora moderately stout, front pair lightly dentate; tibiae rather lightly dilated to apex, with distinct ridges, less conspicuous on the front pair than on the others. Length, 44 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Gayndah (A. M. Lea). Type (unique), I. 3581. The tarsi of the type appear to be feminine, as the basal joint is alike in all, but the abdomen is so irregularly con- tracted (perhaps from immaturity) that its sculpture cannot be given. The differences in size and density between the punctures on the sides and on the disc of the prothorax are much more pronounced than is usual in the subfamily. On the elytra, behind the shoulders, the punctures are rather dense and coarse, and exhibit a tendency to become confluent, on the apical slope they are confined to the striae, elsewhere they are small, or at most of moderate.size, and are in more or less irregular (usually subgeminate) rows. CLEPTOR PALLIDIVENTRIS, N. sp. 3. Metallic-green; labrum and appendages more or less reddish, tips of five apical joints of antennae infuscated. Head with fairly dense, sharply defined punctures of moderate size. Prothorax with sides strongly rounded, and all angles armed; with very dense punctures of moderate size, rather less crowded on disc than elsewhere. H/ytra with fairly dense punctures of moderate size, becoming larger behind shoulders and smaller towards suture than elsewhere, mostly more or less seriate (or geminate) in arrangement; striation of apical slope rather conspicuous. /Prosternum densely punc- tate throughout. Fifth segment of abdomen with a conspicuous median depression. Front femora distinctly dentate ; tibiae with conspicuous ridges, rather strongly but evenly dilated to apex ; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly dilated. Length, 34 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (A. J. Turner). Type, I. 3582. Two females that appear to belong to the species differ from the type in being larger (4 mm.), of an almost purplish- bronze, but appearing black in parts, and with the margins bluish or greenish; they have a well defined median line on 315 the head, especially towards the base, but on the type the head is without such; they differ also in the usual sexual features of the abdomen and legs. The front of the prosternum on all three specimens is metallic-green, but the colour regu- larly alters till the tip of the abdomen is scarcely darker than the legs, and is entirely without metallic gloss. The femoral tooth is not large, but is very conspicuous from certain direc- tions. CLEPTOR ELECTUS, n. sp. Pl. vii., fig. 92. 3. Bright brassy-green; abdomen brassy, labrum and. appendages reddish-flavous, but apical joint of antennae almost entirely infuscated. Head with rather dense, sharply defined punctures of moderate size, becoming confluent near eyes, and absent from a small space near each antenna; median line rather distinct. Prothorax with sides oblique on basal half and then rounded to apex; with not very dense punctures of small or moderate size. Hlytra with fairly large punctures, becoming lineate in arrangement and somewhat smaller towards suture, and larger behind shoulders, whence, almost to middle of apical slope, many are transversely confluent ; apical slope with well defined and regular striae, except in middle. Flanks of prosternum with moderately distinct, but not dense, punctures and striae. Fifth segment of abdomen shallowly depressed in middle. Femora stout, front pair lightly dentate; tibiae with fairly strong ridges; hind pair less dilated at apex than the others; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length, 32 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Coen River (W. D. Dodd). Type (unique), I. 3583. A very beautiful species. The prothoracic punctures, although not very large, are sharply defined, and are no denser (if as dense) on the sides than on the disc. CLEPTOR SIMPLICIPENNIS, Jac. (formerly Colaspis). A female of this species, sent for examination by Mr. Arrow (it is probably a co-type, as it is labelled ‘Somerset, D’Albertis”), in general appearance is very close to electus, but it differs from the type of that species in being somewhat larger, head with much smaller and sparser punctures, pro- thorax with’ sparser punctures, and elytra with distinctly sparser and smaller ones, fewer of the larger ones of which are transversely confluent. Its eyes are feebly notched (almost as feebly as in electws), and I consider it congeneric with that species. Jacoby described the femora as unarmed,. 316 but the front ones are each armed with a small tooth, although this is invisible from most directions. Division 4. CLEPTOR PARADOXUS, Blackb. (formerly Tomyris). Tomyris minor, Blackb. Pl. viii., figs. 149 and 150. ; Specimens of paradoxus and minor, from the collection of the late Rev. T. Blackburn, are in the Museum. They bear his respective numbers, 1262 and 1263, and were both from Port Lincoln. They appear to belong to but one species, the former the female, the latter the male. In the table he gave of Tomyris they were separated by the head being coppery in paradoxus and bright-green in minor; but such differences in the subfamily are common in the sexes, or even individuals, of the majority of metallic species. They were referred with doubt to Tomyris; the tibiae of paradoxus being described as “intermediis leviter, posticis vix perspicue, emarginatis,’’ and ‘‘Its tibiae—although their ex- ternal emargination is very feeble—are those of Tomyris.”’ Of minor he wrote, “‘The external emargination of the inter- mediate and hind tarsi (%) is a little stronger.’’ But I cannot consider them at all notched in the way that those of Tomyris and hyparida are. The outer apex of each of the four hind tibiae is slightly dilated, and in consequence the space before it is slightly curved, but the curved portion is not bounded behind by a raised space (frequently dentiform), but runs on to the general line of the tibia, as in the majority of genera; moreover, the sloping apex has a tarsal groove. The complete absence of clothing from the upper-surface, although in itself not perhaps warranting generic separation, would be aberrant in Tomyris. I consider the species to be certainly congeneric with Cleptor inermis. CLEPTOR CORIACEUS, 0. sp. gd. Coppery-green and finely shagreened ; apical half of abdomen brassy, labrum and appendages flavous, tip of antennae infuscated. Head with small and not very dense but fairly distinct punctures, median line feeble; clypeus rather longer than usual, and conspicuously notched in front. Prothorax with sides conspicuously oblique from base almost to apex; with minute punctures. JHlytra with feeble rows of small and distant punctures, not very large even behind the shoulders ; apical slope without distinct striae. Flanks of prosternwm (92) Certainly in error for tibiae. 317 without punctures, and with but feeble remnants of striation. Fifth segment of abdomen with a rather large median fovea. Front femora feebly dentate ; tibiae not longitudinally canali- culate, the front pair inflated towards apex and subtriangularly notched at outer apex, the others less dilated to apex; basal joint of front tarsi strongly inflated and elongate, of the middle pair less strongly but still conspicuously inflated. Length, 34 mm. Q. Differs in being of a golden colour, with slight greenish reflections in places, in the abdomen more strongly and evenly convex, somewhat thinner tibiae, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (H. H. D. Griffith). Type, I. 3584. The angulation of the front femora is very distinct, but the tooth crowning the same is very feeble. There is a curious black line on the under-surface of the middle tibiae of the male, but owing to its position it is entirely concealed from most directions. The basal joint of the front tarsi of the male is unusually large; on the female also the basal joint of the four front ones is distinctly larger than is usual on females. The basal segment of the abdomen of the male has some rather conspicuous punctures on each side of the middle, the middle itself being impunctate and slightly produced at the apex; it has also some long hairs. Division 5. CLEPTOR GOUDIEI, n. sp. @. Coppery-green and finely shagreened; abdomen golden-red, labrum and appendages flavous, tip of antennae infuscated. Head with fairly dense punctures of moderate size, median line fairly distinct; clypeus distinctly longer than usual, separated from face by a shallow depression, finely strigose, and without distinct punctures, strongly notched in front. Eyes distinctly notched near antennae. Prothorar more than thrice as wide as the median length, sides strongly diminishing in width from base to apex, but rather feebly rounded ; with minute punctures. Hlytra not much longer than wide, with numerous small punctures mostly in very feeble series, but becoming larger (although not very large) behind the shoulders and on part of the apical slope, the latter with remnants of striation. Flanks of prosternwm with dense and irregular - striae, and some scattered punctures. Front femora lightly dentate. Length, 44-43 mm. fab.—Victoria: Sea Lake (J. C. Goudie) . Type, I. 3585. An unusually wide species, with all the body parts shagreened ; it is one of the most beautiful of the subfamily, 318 hence I have described it, despite the fact that there are but two females under examination. Except for its much greater width, it is much like the male of the preceding species, which is also shagreened and with an elongate clypeus, but the eyes are more conspicuously notched, the punctures on the head are: considerably larger, and are not continued on to the clypeus. From certain directions each shoulder appears like a large, obtuse, impunctate tubercle. EUCOLASPIS, n. g. Hyes lateral, prominent, almost entire, facets of moderate size. Clypeus widely transverse, not distinctly separated from kead. Labrum very short. Antennae rather long and thin. Prothorax widely transverse, sides evenly rounded in middle. Scutellum small. Hlytra decidedly wider than prothorax. Prosternum with medisternum rather narrow; episterna very short, front margin of each oblique. Metasternum about as long as following segment. Legs of moderate length and not very stout; femora edentate, or very feebly dentate; tibiae feebly dilated to apex, not longitudinally canaliculate, and not notched near outer apex; claws each with a large basal appendix. The genus is close to Cleptor, but differs in the elytra being considerably wider than the prothorax, and in the much narrower medisternum (only about half the width of that of species of Cleptor). From Rhyparida it is at once distin- guished by the tibiae. On the female of tricolor the tibiae are gently and quite evenly dilated to the apex, with the apex itself not suddenly inflated ; on the male the four hind ones are each produced at the outer apex, but there is not a distinct notch before same. On the female of tranquilla (the only sex at present known) they are as on the female of tricolor; its front femora at first appear to be edentate, but from one direction a vague tooth certainly appears to be present on each, but it is very feeble; at its position there is a feeble groove, and the tooth seems to mark one side of the groove and not to be elevated above the general surface. The evenly rounded outline of each eye is slightly interrupted by becom-. ing straight close to the antenna, but the eye could scarcely be regarded as notched. Both species are glabrous on the upper-surface and almost so on the under-surface. The genus, according to Chapuis’ and Lefevre’s tables, would belong to the: Iphimeitae. Typical species, tricolor. EUCOLASPIS TRICOLOR, Nn. sp. ¢. Flavous; scutellum and elytra metallic green, abdomen black or deeply infuscated. 319 Head with moderately dense but not crowded punctures, sharply defined but not very large, and denser and smaller on -clypeus than elsewhere. Antennae passing middle of abdomen, second joint stout and considerably shorter than third, third to sixth very thin, the following ones somewhat stouter. Pro- thorax about twice as wide as the median length, sides strongly and evenly rounded; with fairly dense and moderately large punctures, becoming rather crowded on sides. Llytra sub- -oblong-ovate, about one-fourth wider than prothorax and about four times as long; with dense punctures of moderate ‘size, slightly larger behind shoulders and slightly smaller on apical slope than elsewhere. Flanks of prosternum polished and almost impunctate. Fifth segment of abdomen shallowly depressed in middle. Tvbrae rather thin, feebly increasing in width from base to apex ; basal joint of four front tarsi rather long, but not very wide, although decidedly larger than those of the hind pair. Length, 23-31 mm. Q. Differs in having the elytra brassy or brassy-red, but with the margins greenish, the abdomen no darker than the rest of the under-surface, the eyes slightly smaller, antennae shorter, abdomen more evenly convex, and basal joint of all the tarsi of even size and less parallel-sided. Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (H. J. Carter and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3616. A beautiful little insect. The antennae are sometimes feebly infuscated at the apex. On some specimens there is a vague transverse impression between the eyes, and on the others there is a feeble longitudinal one, but both are some- times absent. The elytral punctures, except on parts of the apical slope, are not placed in striae, although on some other parts a lineate arrangement may be vaguely traced; behind the shoulders (%) many of them are transversely confluent, the space so occupied varies from a small one quite close to the shoulder to fully half or more of each elytron, but on some specimens they are all free; there are thus within the limits of a well-marked species characters regarded by Chapuis and Lefevre as of super-generic importance. The front femora from some directions appear to be feebly angulate on the lower-surface, but they are certainly not dentate. Two pairs were taken in cop. and are still fastened together; of these, one female (belonging to Mr. Carter) has the elytra almost as ‘conspicuously green as on the males, but four other females have them coloured as described. (93) The shoulders themselves are polished and impunctate. 320 EUCOLASPIS TRANQUILLA, 0. sp. Q. Reddish-piceous with a slight metallic gloss; head, prothorax, scutellum, and parts of legs paler, basal half of antennae (the apical half infuscated) and palpi still paler. Head with rather small and not very dense but clearly defined punctures, becoming still smaller on clypeus; a vague depression between eyes. Antennae extending to about middle of abdomen, second joint stouter and much shorter than third. Prothoraz about thrice as wide as the median length, with irregularly distributed (but nowhere very dense) punctures of moderate size. Hlytra about one-third wider than prothorax, shoulders rounded, sides parallel to apical third ; punctures of moderate size about base, becoming much smaller posteriorly. Flanks of prosternum highly polished, but at base feebly wrinkled. Front femora subangulate or very feebly dentate ; tibiae gently and regularly increasing in width to apex. Length, 4 mm. Hab.—New South Wales: Ben Lomond, 4,500 feet (A. J. Turner). Type (unique), I. 3617. A soberly-coloured species, the shades of colour not sharply contrasted although distinct; the slight metallic gloss is of a bluish tone, and is more noticeable on the elytra than elsewhere. In general appearance it is not at all close to the preceding species, but in all generic characters it conforms to same; at first it would appear to belong to Rhyparida, but it seems undesirable to refer to that genus any species whose four hind tibiae are not notched. The type is a female, but as the sexual characters of the genus are rather slight it has been described. The elytral punctures are larger and more crowded behind the shoulders than elsewhere, about the middle they are in irregularly geminate series, on the apical slope they are very small and in single rows; striation is distinct only near the suture on the apical slope. DERMORHYTIS. The type of this genus is the Cinghalese D. :gneofasciata of Baly ; Baly later on referred to the genus D. apicalis, from Borneo, which in 1885 was listed by Lefevre as an Abzrus. But Jacoby, in 1884, had described as a Dermorrhytis, D. femoralis, from Queensland, stating that it was closely allied to D. apicalis, and Lefevre listed it as a Dermorhytis. There is, therefore, considerable doubt as to whether the species is a Dermorhytis or an Abirus, whilst its description reads much as if founded upon a species of. Geloptera, similar to such species as scitula or angulicollis. Of femoralis the legs and abdomen (except as to the colour of the former) were not even 321 mentioned, so that there is nothing to indicate the sex of the type ; if really a Geloptera it probably has well-defined charac- ters in the abdomen and legs. PRYPNOCOLASPIS, N. g. Eyes lateral, subreniform, moderately faceted. Clypeus subtriangular, lateral sutures distinct. Labrum very short. Antennae not very long, second joint short. Palpi_ short. Prothorax transverse, base bisinuate, sides widely margined and conspicuously dilated to base, apical angles produced for- wards. Scutellum semicircular. Hlytra not narrower than base of prothorax. /rosternum with medisternum rather wide at base and apex, but encroached upon by coxae, front edge conspicuously elevated and separated from episterna by a notch on each side ; episternum on each side with front margin gently rounded. Metasternum elongate. Legs moderately long; front femora dentate; tibiae not longitudinally canaliculate, and not notched near outer apex ; claws appendiculate. The type of latibasis was standing with the Humolmdes in the Blackburn collection; nor can I see that it can be referred to any other subfamily. The conspicuously appen- diculate terminal joint of antennae, pronotum with a wide transverse impression near base, the shape of the prosternum, abdomen entirely concealed from above, tarsi with third joint bilobed to base, and the appendiculate claws exclude it, by various combinations, from all other subfamilies than the Eumolmdes. Certainly in that subfamily the genus does not appear to have any close Australian ally, but I can find no character to exclude it. From some directions the claws appear to be simple, but they really have a fairly large basal appendix. On Jlatibasis the sides of the prothorax are con- spicuously and evenly dilated from apex to base, the base itself being slightly wider than the elytra. On suwbmetallica the sides are dilated from apex to near base, but are then rounded off, so that the base is the exact width of the base of elytra (these also having each shoulder rounded off). They are both entirely glabrous on the upper-surface. Typical species, latebasis. PRYPNOCOLASPIS LATIBASIS, N. sp. Pi wus ees. 98 and 100; pi.. vin, fe. 170. Of a rather dingy-flavous; under-surface lightly infus- cated, five apical joints of antennae (wholly or in parts), tips of palpi, and parts of tarsi, more or less blackish. L 322 Head with a subcircular impression in middle, with a narrow impression from same to base; with irregularly distri- buted and rather small punctures; clypeus with narrow, oblique sutures, almost meeting posteriorly at the median im- pression. Antennae not very thin, scarcely extending to hind coxae, second joint about half the length of third ; third, fifth, and seventh each a trifle longer than the fourth, sixth, and eighth. Prothorax widely transverse, sides oblique, and strongly increasing in width from apex to base, margins narrow in front, rapidly becoming wider to base; with minute, scat- tered punctures, and some larger ones, but still small, towards sides. Hlytra almost parallel-sided to near apex, base slightly narrower than base of prothorax; with irregular double or semi-double rows of not very large punctures, becoming con- densed into single rows posteriorly ; interstices between same more or less distinctly elevated, and themselves with small punctures. Fifth segment of abdomen slightly upcurved in middle. Front femora strongly dentate. Length, 8 mm. Hab.—North-western Australia: Murchison (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 3413. The prothorax is remarkable. The basal joint of the middle tarsi is slightly larger than on the front pair, and slightly smaller than on the hind pair, a reversal of the usual proportions. Two of the interstices on each elytron, in addi- tion to being slightly elevated above their fellows, are also each supplied with a narrow median ridge, quite distinct from some directions. The flanks of the prosternum are highly polished, but from some directions light striae become visible. The type is probably a female. PRYPNOCOLASPIS SUBMETALLICA, Nn. Sp. Black with a slight metallic gloss, bluish on head and prothorax, brassy on elytra, and greenish on parts of under- surface ; front angles of prothorax, front of clypeus, labrum, four basal joints of antennae, and base of each of the three next, palpi (tips excepted), and legs (knees, tarsi, and tips of tibiae excepted) more or less reddish. Head with a rather wide, shallow, median impression, feebly connected with the base; with irregularly distributed punctures of moderate size or small, and slightly denser on clypeus (whose lateral sutures are oblique) than elsewhere. Antennae extending to hind coxae, second joint about half the length of third, the latter equal to fourth, fifth to eighth and the eleventh subequal in length and a trifle longer than the ninth and tenth. Prothoraz at base (which is lghtly bisinuate) about thrice as wide as the median length, sides 323 moderately rounded and much wider at base than at apex, margins rather wide; with numerous small punctures on disc, becoming somewhat larger on sides, and asperate on margins. Hlytra slightly wider than base of prothorax, almost parallel- sided to near apex; punctures and interstices irregular. Under-surface feebly shagreened. Flanks of prosternum finely wrinkled. Abdomen lightly upcurved at middle of apex. Front femora acutely dentate. Length, 74-8 mm. flab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type, I. 3409. The prothorax has the sides more rounded and less conspicuously dilated to base than on the preceding species, and the front angles are more acutely produced ; and the front edge of the medisternum is less conspicuously elevated and but feebly undulated, instead of distinctly notched, where it joins each episternum. The elytra appear to be very minutely wrinkled all over, their punctures are of moderate size (slightly larger than on the preceding species), and in places are in feeble semi-double rows, becoming single posteriorly, but they are mostly dense and irregular, from behind the shoulders along the middle to about the apical third they are frequently transversely or irregularly confluent; some of the interstices are feebly traceable to base, and they are more distinct on the apical slope than elsewhere. The basal joint of each tarsus is moderately large, but as they are alike on all six the two specimens in the Museum would appear to be females; one of them has the fourth segment of abdomen depressed in middle, but this appears to be due to irregular contraction. TRYPOCOLASPIS, n. g. HLyes large, rather coarsely faceted, lightly notched behind antennae. Clypeus widely transverse, not separated from head by a distinct suture. Labrum short, feebly notched in front. Antennae long. /rothorax strongly transverse, base, apex, and sides narrowly margined, sides evenly rounded in middle. Scutellum small. Hlytra not much longer than wide, closely applied to and very little wider than prothorax, each (across middle) with about twenty rows of fairly large punc- tures of almost even size throughout, and nowhere transversely confluent. Prosternum with medisternum wide, front por- tions very narrow in front. of coxae; episternum on each side with front margin wide, oblique, and almost straight, lateral suture deep. Metasternum short. Abdomen with basal segment (along middle) at least as long as two following combined. Legs short ; femora edentate ; tibiae longitudinally canaliculate, somewhat dilated at apex; the four hind ones not notched near outer apex ; claws appendiculate. 1 OP 3°24 The feature by which this genus may be most readily identified is the punctuation of the elytra ; the punctures across the middle are usually in quite regular, closely placed rows, although towards the base some of the rows run out at the suture, and some of them disappear about the apex, but on the apical slope the punctures are quite (or almost) as large as elsewhere. On some of the species the interstices between the punctures appear almost costiform, on others some of the interstices are more distinctly elevated than the others, and on multicarinata the elytra are acutely costate in a rather curious way. The species are all compact, glabrous, and metallic, and they usually have more or less reddish legs. Seen from behind, the prothorax appears to be considerably narrowed in front, but this is largely due to the front angles being strongly depressed below the middle. The sexes differ in the abdomen and legs. The genus, except for one species that occurs in Southern Queensland and parts of New South Wales, appears to be confined to Northern Queensland, and its nearest ally is perhaps Cleorina, although it is not very close to that genus. Typical species, bimpressa. Following is a table of the species (%) : — A. Elytra with numerous sep ea abbreviated : carinae : j a an. multicarinata AA. Elytra without such. B. Sutural stria without punctures on apical slope sinuata BB. Sutural stria with punctures there. i C. Prothorax with ordinary punctures... multiseriata CC. Prothorax with reticulate punctures. D. Fourth abdominal segment of male with a curious median process... ventralis DD. Fourth segment without such. EK. Hind tibiae of male widest at middle bzimpressa EE. Hind tibiae of male widest at SE F. Legs mostly pale ... .. ij saa » DUNCEQLOSETIOLG FF. Legs mostly dark . wee... «6ODSCUTIMeEs TRYPOCOLASPIS BIIMPRESSA, Nn. sp. Pl. viii., fig. 151. 3. Metallic; under-surface black, in places obscurely diluted with red, labrum and appendages flavous or testaceo- flavous, apical half of antennae usually infuscated. Head with rather small, dense, reticulate punctures ; feebly or not at all depressed along middle. Antennae extend- ing to about middle of abdomen, second joint stouter than but scarcely as long as third, third to § sixth subequal in length, (94) There are two females of a species as large as multicarinata from Port Denison in the Macleay Museum; they probably belong to a new one, but as it seemed possible that they were unusually large specimens of punctatostriata, they were not described. 325 the following ones longer and somewhat stouter. Prothoraxr with evenly rounded sides, with two rather large, shallow, circular depressions about middle towards base; punctures much as on head... Hiytra with numerous rows of well-defined punctures ; many of the interstices distinctly elevated. Fifth segment of abdomen with a shallow median fovea. Hind tibrae widest in middle, thence strongly narrowed to base and feebly to apex; basal joint of four front tarsi rather strongly inflated. Length, 24-2} mm. @. Differs in having the eyes somewhat smaller and more distant, abdomen non-foveate, hind tibiae thinner and feebly increasing in width from base to apex, and basal joint of four front tarsi much smaller. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (Macleay Museum, E. Allen, and A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3406. An abundant species in the Cairns district. The upper- surface, whilst always metallic, is seldom brightly so; the main colour is usually brassy-green, but sometimes brassy or bronzy. On the elytra the margins are nearly always con- spicuously bluish, and there are bronzy or obscure purplish markings, sometimes in the form of large obscurely defined spots, but frequently confined to some of the elevated parts, occasionally there is an ill-defined bluish spot on the disc of each. The prothorax varies from entirely brassy-green to almost entirely bronzy, but the two colours are usually obscurely mingled ; the head is usually more obscurely metallic than the prothorax ; the palpi are nearly always pale-flavous, and the knees are sometimes lightly infuscated. Many of the rows of elytral punctures are short; about the base the striae are not well impressed, but posteriorly they become very evident owing to the greater elevation of the interstices ; many of these are oblique owing to the brevity of some of the rows; on each elytron there are three interstices that are more con- spicuously elevated than the others, but their respective positions vary, thus (counting the sutural interstice as the first) across the middle they are the fifth, eighth,‘ and tenth, but towards the base they become the seventh, eleventh, and fourteenth, and at summit of apical -slope the third, fifth, °° and seventh. Each of the circular depressions (they could scarcely be regarded as foveae) on the pronotum is about thrice the length of the scutellum; although not deep, they are usually quite distinct. (95) Retween the fifth and eighth for some distance along the middle the other interstices are sometimes almost. or quite as strongly elevated. (96) This one rather abruptly ends on the slope itself. 326 On the head and prothorax of this and of all other species, except multiseriata and multicarinata, the punctures are closely placed together and shallow, with thin walls, somewhat sug- gestive of shallow honey-comb ; and even on the species named there is an approach to same on the head. On all the species there are rather large and distinct punctures on the flanks of the prosternum, but adjacent to the episterna there are some- times shining and almost impunctate spaces. TRYPOCOLASPIS OBSCURIPES, Nn. Sp. ¢. Dark metallic brassy-blue or bronzy-green; elytra with bronzy or purplish markings, under-surface black, legs blackish, tarsi, antennae, and palpi reddish, labrum and front tibiae somewhat darker. , Head much as on preceding species, except that the antennae are somewhat shorter. /rothorax much as on that species, except that there are no circular depressions towards the base. Hlytra with numerous rows of well-defined punc- tures, and with several interstices elevated above ,the others. Abdomen with a small, circular apical fovea. Four front tibiae lightly curved and increasing in width to apex, the others rather acutely angulate at outer apex. Length, 2-24 mm. Q. Differs in Raving abdomen non-foveate and hind tibiae somewhat thinner. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (Macleay Museum, E. Allen, ander Mi) Wea) Type ie 3009: In size, and to a certain extent in appearance, close to the preceding species, but less brightly metallic, prothorax without subfoveate impressions, elytra more roughly sculptured, legs darker, hind tibiae of male of different shape, and the basal joint of the four front tarsi much smaller (scarcely larger than those of the female). On each elytron of two females there are three large purplish blotches—one at base, one at middle, and one at summit of apical slope, but towards the side they are all connected together; but on another female and on two males the elytral markings are very obscure; the tip of the middle tibiae is usually diluted with red. The elytral punc- tures, although each is sharply defined, are in less regular rows on the basal half than on the preceding species, but posteriorly they are set in conspicuous striae; on each elytron across the middle three interstices are usually distinctly elevated above their fellows, but at the summit of the apical slope the four adjacent to the suture are equally prominent. From some directions the four hind tibiae seem to be feebly notched near the outer apex, but this appearance is due partly to the dilated 327 apex and partly to clothing, but true subapical notches (as in Rhyparida) are absent. TRYPOCOLASPIS PUNCTATOSTRIATA, N. Sp. Ply viii., fig 15z, 3. Metallic; under-surface black, tip of abdomen some- times diluted with red, labrum and appendages more or less reddish. Head much as on bumpressa. Prothorax much the same, except that the two circular depressions are much more feeble. Elytra punctate-striate. Fifth segment of abdomen with a transverse median fovea. Hind tbiae gently increasing in width from base to apex, but the latter somewhat angular. Length, 23-3 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more convex and non- foveate. Hab.—-Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea), Moss- man River (Macleay Museum), Kuranda (H. H. D. Griffith and H. J. Carter, from G. E. Bryant). Type, I. 3600. It is not always easy to distinguish small females of this species from large ones of biumpressa, although the elytral sculpture is more regular; but the males are readily distin- guished by the hind tibiae (see figs. 151 and 152), and by the four front tarsi; the basal joint of each of these on the present species is but slightly larger than on the female, instead of being conspicuously inflated. From the preceding species, which has somewhat similar hind tibiae, it differs in the sculp- ture of elytra, colour of legs, and abdomen of male. The general colour is more or less brassy, sometimes brassy-green, and sometimes almost golden-red (but seldom brilliantly so) ; the head and prothorax are usually uniformly coloured ; on the elytra there are irregularly disposed blotches or streaks, usually more or less purplish, but shading off to various other tints, and seldom exactly alike on any two specimens; the margins are nearly always bluish, but are occasionally green ; one specimen has the elytra of a bright green with coppery-red markings ; the antennae are usually flavous at the base, becom- ing darker, but seldom distinctly infuscated, towards apex ; the palpi are pale-flavous. The elytral punctures are well defined, although somewhat smaller than on the preceding species, and are in recular rows, the striae in which they are set are everywhere well defined, and the interstices separating them are regularly elevated and quite uniform, except at the extreme base, on the sides behind the shoulders, and about the apex, but no interstice is conspicuously elevated above its fellows. 328 TRYPOCOLASPIS SINUATA, 0. sp. ¢. Brassy or brassy-green ; under-surface biack, in parts with a-coppery-gloss, antennae and palpi somewhat flavous, the former with some of the apical joints infuscated at apex, legs partly dark. Head with somewhat shorter antennae, but otherwise much as on bimpressa. Prothorax much the same, except that the two subfoveate impressions are entirely absent. Hlytra with rows (mostly regular) of rather large, deep punctures ; some of the interstices elevated above their fellows. Abdomen with a small, circular median fovea. Middle tehiae wider at apex than the others, hind pair rather strongly narrowed from middle to base; basal joint of four front tarsi rather strongly inflated. Length, 13-2 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen non-foveate, in having thinner tibiae, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3407. A beautiful little species, and apparently the smallest of the subfamily in Australia. The elytra are without distinct markings, but as some parts are more brassy than others they do not appear to be quite uniformly coloured: the femora, except near the base, are usually deeply infuscated, sometimes almost black ; the hind tibiae are also sometimes infuscated ; one specimen has the whole of the upper-surface of a beautiful violet colour. The striation of the elytra is not well impressed, despite the regularity of the punctures, but posteriorly it becomes deeper, the subsutural stria, however, is without punctures on the apical slope ; across the middle of each elytron the third, sixth, and ninth interstices are slightly elevated above their fellows, but elsewhere (9) their elevation is less pronounced ; starting from each shoulder (but concealed from above) there is a distinctly elevated interstice that commences as the fourth (counting the margin as the first), rather abruptly curves downwards to become the second, and con- tinues till at the apex it joins the second and third subsutural ones. TRYPOCOLASPIS VENTRALIS, Nn. sp. ¢. Brassy-green or brassy-blue; elytra with metallic spots, under-surface black, labrum and appendages more or less reddish, but apical half of antennae infuscated. Head much as on bumpressa, except that the median depression is more distinct and that the second joint of antennae is shorter. Prothorax much the same, except that. (97) Elsewhere their numbers differ owing to the brevity of some of the rows of punctures. 329 the two subfoveate impressions are scarcely traceable. LHlytra with numerous, more or less regular rows, of rather large, deep punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen almost as long as second and third combined, and with a conspicuous double ridge along the middle ; fifth segment very short in middle and feebly concave there. Hind tibiae feebly increasing in width from base to apex, and angulate at outer apex. Length, 25-22 mm. _flab.—-Queensland: Coen River (H. Hacker’s No. 265). Type, 1. 3615. The two specimens before me differ solely in colour, one having a bluish, the other a greenish appearance; on each elytron there are three brassy spots, one near the base, a second before the middle near the suture, and the third (little more than a streak) about summit of apical slope. The elytral punctures are larger than on punctato-striata, and almost as regular, but the striae are so feebly impressed (except on the apical slope, where they are strong) that they might fairly be regarded as almost absent ; from some directions two or three of the interstices are rather more distinct than their fellows, but they are nowhere conspicuously elevated above them. The basal joint of each of the four front tarsi is not strongly inflated, being, in fact, scarcely larger than those of the hind ones ; the hind tibiae are also without conspicuously masculine features, but the abdomen is so peculiar that the specimens would certainly appear to be males. TRYPOCOLASPIS MULTISERIATA, N. Sp. d. Brassy; under-surface dark brown, labrum and appendages more or less reddish. Head with dense, subreticulate punctures of moderate size, with a vague median line, a small impunctate space near each antenna. Antennae slightly shorter, but otherwise much as on bumpressa. Prothorar considerably wider at base than at apex, the front angles much lower than the middle, sides strongly rounded ; in middle with rather dense punctures of rather small size, becoming more crowded and somewhat larger towards sides, interspaces with minute punctures. LHlytra suboblong; with numerous regular rows of rather large punc- tures, smaller towards suture, and larger behind shoulders than elsewhere; striae feebly impressed even on apical slope (except close to suture). Fourth segment of abdomen distinctly longer than the adjacent ones, fifth shallowly depressed for about half of its width. Hind t:b7ae somewhat dilated near apex, on lower surface about apex with a conspicuous fringe or loose fascicle; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length, 37-4 mm. 330 Q. Differs in having the abdomen evenly convex, hind tibiae thinner and without the subapical fringe, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Queensland: Coen River (W. D. Dodd). Type, I. 3408. The prothoracic punctures are not reticulate in character as on all the preceding species, although at the sides, owing to being crowded together, there appears to be an approach to same ; towards the base there are feebly oblique impressions (with the punctures rather more crowded than on the adjacent surface) at the positions of those of the circular ones of bumpressa. No elytral interstice 1s conspicuously elevated above its fellows on the disc, but the fourth (counting at the middle) from the side is rather distinctly elevated, although not visible from above. The female has the lateral margins of prothorax and elytra bluish, and the basal margins of the former greenish, and some of the apical joints of antennae are infuscated. TRYPOCOLASPIS MULTICARINATA, N. Sp. do. Golden or golden-red, or brassy, occasionally with a faint greenish gloss in places; under-surface black with a brassy gloss in places, or entirely brassy ; appendages more or less reddish. Head with crowded subreticulate punctures of moderate size; with a feeble median line. Antennae with second joint stouter and slightly shorter than third, the joints slightly increasing in length to seventh, which is a trifle longer than each of the three following ones, and a trifle shorter than the eleventh. Prothorax with seven shallow depressions, causing the surface to appear uneven ; with crowded punctures. Hlytra with crowded punctures of moderate and almost even size throughout ; with numerous acute carinae. Abdomen with a small circular fovea in the middle of a shallow apical depres- sion. Z%biae more conspicuously carinated than usual, the four hind ones obtusely produced at outer apex; basal joint of four front tarsi not conspicuously inflated. Length, 3-4 mm. Q. Differs in being more brightly metallic, abdomen nonfoveate, and legs somewhat thinner. Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea) ; New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron), Coramba (H. J. Carter, from W. Heron), Blue Mountains (Blackburn’s collec- tion and E. W. Ferguson). Type, I. 3405. One of the finest species of the subfamily. Some of the specimens have an appearance as of old gold; the femora are occasionally infuscated; the seventh and eighth joints of 331 antennae are usually infuscated, sometimes the eighth only, and occasionally none at all. The carinae are usually less shining (they sometimes appear almost black) than the adjacent parts, this being especially the case with the male , they are all acute and conspicuously elevated, and appear like more or less elongated remnants of acutely elevated inter- stices; counting from the suture across each elytron (but excluding that not visible from above) there are near the base five (two very short),(%) across the middle there are two, shortly after same three or four, at summit of apical slope four, and below same from one to three; true striation appears to be entirely absent from the elytra, the punctures being so close together that, although in rows, those of one row fre- quently partially displace those of the adjacent rows, although not confluent with them. The prothoracic punctures are everywhere crowded together, but they are not net-like, as on most species of the genus, being deeper, round (although some are elongated), and not flat-bottomed ; the shallow depressions are placed as follows:—Two on each side (the front one of these is sometimes almost absent), two about the middle towards the base (as on bumpressa), and the seventh (and largest) between the same and the apex. The abdomen of the male is more convex than is usual in males of the subfamily. The sexual differences of the tarsi are but slight. LEPIDOCOLASPIS, n. g. Eyes rather small, lateral, prominent, entire, and rather coarsely faceted. Clypeus widely transverse. Labrum the length of clypeus, but somewhat narrower. Antennae elon- gate. Prothorax lightly transverse, sides gently rounded and simple. Scutellum distinct. Hlytra suboblong, much wider than prothorax. Prosternwm with medisternum wide, parts in front of coxae very narrow; episternum on each side small, front edge oblique. Metasternum about as long as basal segment of abdomen. Legs moderately long; all femora dentate; tibiae longitudinally canaliculate, not notched near outer apex; claws bifid. Squamose. The only species known is a minute, rather densely squamose insect, in general appearance somewhat like Hypo- deres denticollis in miniature. Its nearest (but not very close) ally is perhaps Cleorina; from Tomyris it is distinguished by the absence of tibial notches; from Hdusa and [/ypoderes by the bifid claws and entire eyes. (98)On two specimens there are seven, of which three are short. On these specimens also the carinae are more conspicuous elsewhere. 332 LEPIDOCOLASPIS ACANTHOMERA, Nn. sp. 3. Of a rather dingy castaneous-brown; appendages somewhat paler. Densely clothed with thin stramineous scales (scarcely setae), somewhat irregularly distributed on elytra. Head with dense, normally concealed punctures, except that on clypeus they are not concealed ; with a narrow median line. Antennae passing hind coxae, second joint stouter and slightly longer than third, seventh to eleventh stouter than third to sixth, eleventh about once and one-half the length of tenth. Prothorax across middle slightly more than the median length, across apex slightly less, sides slightly rounded, base not much wider than apex. Elytra almost double the width of prothorax, sides parallel to near apex, with closely set rows of fairly large but partially concealed punctures, but interstices not elevated, and striation apparently absent. Fifth segment of abdomen almost as long as third and fourth combined. All femora acutely dentate. Length, 24-3 mm. Q. Differs in being somewhat stouter, abdomen strongly convex, and with fifth segment much shorter, and its middle encroached upon by pygidium, and by the somewhat shorter appendages. Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection), Cairns district (Macleay Museum and A. M. Lea). Type, T. 3402. The elytra are usually paler than the prothorax, but are sometimes obscurely mottled, and the mottling is rendered more conspicuous by the absence of clothing from the darker parts, or to the clothing there being of a smoky colour. On the under-surface the clothing is not uniformly distributed, and is denser (and usually of a snowy-whiteness) on the sides of the sterna than elsewhere. On abrasion the prothorax is seen to have dense and fairly large punctures, but they are normally concealed by the clothing ; some specimens have a feeble remnant of a median carina. The basal joint of the front tarsi of the male is but slightly larger than on the female. CUDNELLIA. The species of this genus certainly ‘look’ as if they belonged to the Clidonotides, and to the vicinity of Chalco- lampra, but I shall not question Blackburn’s reference of the genus to the Humolpides. They may be tabulated as follows : — A. Elytra with conspicuous rows of strong punctures .. Las) eres SUIEUSE LEG AA. Elytra with much smaller punctures. B. Head with minute punctures... ... .... insularis BB. Head with very distinct punctures. C. Tibiae acutely ase armed at outer apex PORE eis tes ca) cy ate MC QLES CC. Tibiae not so armed Dif cae lea cee COMAUCOTI 333 CUDNELLIA APICALIS, i. sp. Pl. vin., figs. 153-155. ¢. Black, with a coppery gloss; labrum and appendages reddish, but tips of several joints of antennae blackish. Upper- surface glabrous, under-surface and legs very feebly pubescent. Head with fairly dense but not crowded punctures of moderate or small size, becoming much smaller on clypeus, not depressed between eyes, but with a feeble longitudinal impres- sion towards base. Eyes rather small, prominent, and entire. Antennae elongate, first joint rather stout, second not much shorter than third, eleventh somewhat stouter and longer than tenth. Lrothorax about twice as wide as the median length, sides strongly rounded, front angles greatly below middle ; with numerous small punctures interspersed with much smaller ones. Hlytra scarcely longer than the greatest width, which is before the middle, base truncate and the width of base of prothorax ; with rather small punctures, in places in double or semi-double rows, and rather dense and irregular on sides, where (behind the shoulders) they are somewhat larger than elsewhere. Flanks of prosternum with scattered punctures and many fine wrinkles. Abdomen shallowly depressed at apex. Legs stout and rather long; femora edentate; tibiae with acute costae, acutely triangularly armed at outer apex; basal joint of four front tarsi strongly inflated. Length, 33-4 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more convex, apical segment simple, in the tarsi, and in the sides of the elytra. flab.—Western Australia: Swan River (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3034. Considerably larger and more robust than mystica, and the elytra very different towards sides, but in all features agreeing with the original generic diagnosis; the tibiae, how- ever, are much more produced at the apex than on mystica, much, in fact, as on Hdusoides pulcher. Specimens were sent some years ago to the late Rev. T. Blackburn, and although not described by him they were standing in his collection as belonging to Cudnellia. The elytra (except at the margins) are entirely without true striae; those of the female differ considerably from those of the male, as towards each side they have three (four posteriorly) undulated ridges, on some speci- mens appearing as irregular series of elongated tubercles. The front tibiae at the apex are concave on the lower-surface for the reception of the base of the tarsi; seen from below a small subapical tooth (suggestive of several species of Agetinus) may be seen, in addition to the strong apical armature. 334 CUDNELLIA CANALICULATA, n. sp. ¢. Colour and clothing much as in preceding species. Head with crowded punctures of moderate size, becoming longitudinal at base, and scarcely smaller on clypeus than elsewhere ; with a vague longitudinal impression. Eyes and antennae much as on preceding species, except that the second joint of the antennae is quite as long as (or a trifle longer than) the third. /rothorax scarcely twice as wide as the median length, sides strongly rounded, front angles much below middle; with numerous rather small but well-defined punc- tures, rather more crowded and larger on sides than on disc, but almost absent from hind angles. Hlytra subovate, about once and one-fourth as long as wide, base truncate and no wider than base of prothorax; with numerous punctures of moderate size, becoming larger and somewhat crowded behind shoulders and smaller and seriate in arrangement posteriorly. Flanks of prosternum with scattered punctures and wrinkles. Abdomen with a circular apical fovea. Femora stout, eden- tate ; tibiae strongly but almost evenly dilated to apex, with acute costae, two of which, on the upper-surface of each of the four hind ones, enclose a channel that at its apex becomes excavated for the reception of the base of the tarsi ; basal joint of front tarsi inflated. Length, 34 mm. Q. Differs in having the abdomen more convex and non- foveate, tibiae thinner, and in the tarsi. flab.—Western Australia (Macleay Museum and Black- burn’s collection). Type, I. 3417. An apterous species (as are probably all species of the genus), at first glance much like the preceding one, but readily distinguished therefrom by the tibiae and elytra, the latter of which also embrace the abdomen to a much less extent. Of the two specimens before me, the female (belonging to the Macleay Museum) agrees perfectly in colour with the descrip- tion of that of the preceding species, but the type has most of the apical half of the antennae, and parts of the legs, infus- cated. The elytral striae are not deep on the apical slope, but are very distinct there on account of the punctures being confined to them. CUDNELLIA INSULARIS, N. sp. 3. Black with a coppery gloss, becoming slightly greenish on abdomen; appendages of a more or less dingy-flavous or testaceous, but antennae with apical half lightly infuscated, base of tibiae and of femora, and middle of labrum also infus- cated. Under-surface and legs sparsely pubescent. 335 Head obscurely shagreened and with minute punctures. Eyes rather small, prominent, and entire. Antennae elongate, second joint much shorter than third, eleventh very little longer than tenth. Prothorax about twice as wide as the median length, sides strongly rounded, front angles much below middle; with minute punctures, with some larger ones (but still small), scattered about. Hlytra subovate, not much longer than wide, base truncate and no wider than base of prothorax ; with almost regular rows of small punctures, and a few scattered about on basal half. Flanks of prosternwm smooth and almost impunctate. Abdomen with a rather small, round, apical fovea. Femora stout, elongate; tibiae stout, dilated to apex, with several costae; basal joint of front tarsi moderately inflated. Length, 44 mm. Hab.—-Lord Howe Island (J. C. Wiburd). Type (unique), I. 3598. An apterous species, in some respects close to the preceding one, but with much smaller punctures, and hind tibiae less conspicuously canaliculate. On close examination the elytra appear to be very feebly shagreened, the punctures in the rows are quite as large posteriorly as towards the base, and, being closer together, cause an appearance as of feeble striation on the apical slope. RHINOBOLUS NITIDUS, Blackb. The type (now in the British Museum) and a co-type (now in the South Australian Museum) of this species are evidently females. The male differs in being slightly smaller, and with the upper-surface entirely of a brassy-green (the prothorax usually more brassy than green) ; the under-surface is of a dark metallic green, the antennae and legs are stouter, and the basal joint of each of the four front tarsi is fully twice as wide as the corresponding joint in the female. One female before me has the head and prothorax entirely bronzy-black, and the elytra purplish-black, except for a narrow bluish border. Hab.—-South Australia: Quorn, Kilkerran, Murray Bridge; Victoria: Sea Lake. RHINOBOLUS PARVICOLLIS, Ni. Sp. ¢. Bright metallic-green, in some places with a brassy gloss; labrum and appendages reddish-flavous, but tips of palpi and parts of antennae blackish. Head flat and with a small median impression between eyes; with dense and fairly large punctures there, becoming 336 smaller posteriorly, and almost absent at base; clypeus moderately long, notched on each side of base, with punctures as between eyes, but becoming much smaller in front ; labrum short, apex incurved. Antennae long and thin, first joint ‘stout, second about half the length of third, third to sixth thin, the following ones somewhat stouter, but all distinctly longer than wide. Prothorax strongly convex, very little wider than long, sides strongly rounded; with large and fairly dense punctures, becoming crowded on sides. Scutellwm semi- circular, with sparse, minute punctures. Hlytra much wider than prothorax ; with dense and fairly large punctures, larger behind shoulders (where a few are transversely confluent) than elsewhere, from about middle more or less seriate in arrange- ment; apical slope striated towards sides and suture. Flanks of prosternum with fairly numerous and rather large punctures. Fourth segment of abdomen about as long as the second and third combined, fifth with a shallow median fovea. Femora rather stout, edentate; tibiae rather thin, not longitudinally canaliculate ; basal joint of four front tarsi distinctly inflated. Length, 33-4 mm. ©. Differs in having the prothorax slightly more trans- verse, abdomen more strongly convex, fourth segment scarcely longer than third, fifth simple, hind tibiae not quite so wide at apex, and in the tarsi. Hab.—Western Australia: Swan River (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 3650. The combination of glabrous upper-surface, eyes not notched, tibiae not longitudinally canaliculate and not notched, edentate femora, evenly rounded sides of prothorax, and base of elytra considerably wider than base of prothorax, are sufficient to exclude this species from Hdusa, Tomyris, Oleptor, Geloptera, Edusoides, Agetinus, and other genera. The clypeus is rather long, and its base on each side is con- siderably encroached upon by an antenna, as on /. nitrdus, although not quite as on that species; the antennae are also considerably longer and thinner, and the fourth abdominal segment of the male is considerably longer ; but as it does not appear desirable to propose a new genus for its reception, and as it appears to be less aberrant in Rhinobolus than in any other, I have referred it to that genus. The apical half of the eleventh joint of antennae is black, but only the tips of the four to six preceding ones. Of the three females before me, one is quite as green as the three males, but the others have the upper-surface almost entirely of a golden-red, with greenish reflections in places. 337 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (99) PuatTE V. Markings of elytra of— Figs. 1 to 14. Rhyparida didyma, Fab. eta to 17. a: australis, Boh. Peoand LO. a fulvolimbata, Lef. on 20 and 21. ant « apicalis, Jac. s, 22 ‘to 24. mn limbatipennis, Jac. Prats VI. Markings of elytra of— Figs. 25 to 27. Rhyparida trimaculata, Jac. » 2oand 29. - brevilineata, Jac. Be aU. ee we dimidiata, Baly. yy) ol and 32. ms maculicollis, Baly. » ooand 34, ps mastersi, Blackb. igen BO. fi aeneotincta, Blackb. ee 0: ike ay posticalis, Blackb. Piper : Hid 7 amplicollis, Blackb. Mt os aie mn medionigra, Lea. ee es aa brevis, Lea. ee a0: na! a bimaculicollis, Lea. ye) a0. fe. ne subangulata, Lea. Ee re ae melvillensis, Lea. ee Se é Py militaris, Lea. a aang 45. Au polymorpha, Lea. one. a: ue ie tetraspilota, Lea. Nee ah, “ ite mediorufa, Lea. AS. ce i flavolatera, Lea. Prate Vil: Markings of elytra of— Fig. 49. Rhyparida triangulifera, Lea. 3 50 and 51. is mediovittata, Lea. 55 ee ey 33 insulicola, Lea. », osand 54. 5 variipennis, Lea. 590 ORO DT: 5 tropica, Lea. sy abe ae - humeralis, Lea. eee ihe commutabilis, Lea. 9 2 OU aS Maxillary palpus of Edusa securigera, Lea. are 5 |e ... Apex of antenna of Coiaspoides rectilatera, Lea. yy 62,(100) Side of prothorax of— eo 3 ... Cleorina purpurea, Lea. ae ... Edusa diversicollis, Blackb. (99) In the patterns of the elytra of the species of Rhyparida, to ensure a perfectly straight suture, the markings are usually shown a little to the left of their true positions, as seen from a slightly oblique direction. Many other species and varieties of Rhyparida. in addition to those shown, have elytral markings, but these are often so vaguely limited (although the markings themselves are often very conspicuous) that they do not lend themseves to illustration by plain black and white methods. Parts of the legs, and especially the apical portions of the tibiae, look very different from different points of view. Compare figs. 109-111, 123, 124, 127, 128, 155-137, 153, and 154. (100) Accidentally missed. 65. 66. 67 and 68. 69. 70. 71 and 72. (OS): 108. 109 to 111. 1s ils. 114. diy: 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. TA. 122. 338 Side of prothorax of— Edusa mira, Lea. 2 sericea, Lea. a securigera, Lea. Geloptera geniculata, Baly. bis jugularis, Er. ff orientalis, Lea. mi setifera, Lea. aA uncinata, Lea. 3 bidentimedia, Lea. 2 punctatissima, Lea. * striatipennis, Lea. a igneonitens, Baly. Ze hardcastlei, Lea. - latericollis, Lea. Py angulicollis, Lea. 3 nodosa, Clark. tuberculata, Baly. Agetinus subcostatus, Chp. obliquus, Lea. Alittus porosus, Jac. (?) »» micans, Blackb. Colaspoides rectilatera, Lea. similis, Lea. Cleptor laevicollis, hens electus, Lea. Prypnocolaspis latibasis, Lea. Intercoxal process of Geloptera basiventris, Lea. Part of abdomen and pygidium of Colaspoides complicata, Lea. Claw of Rhyparida didyma, Fab. (also of atra, Lea). 23 dimidiata, Baly. f decipiens, Lea. es Colasposoma sellatum, Baly. is Prypnocolaspis latibasis, Lea. un Spilopyra sumptuosa, Baly. Prate VIII. Middle tibia of Rhyparida didyma, Fab. Hind aa - Middle . i dimidiata, Baly. ‘ ie Cleorina purpurea, Lea. - Be Scelodonta simoni, Baly. me Rs . brevipilis, Lea. Hind 45 Tomyris incisa, Lea. * » Edusa chrysura, Germ. on a 5, suturalis, Chp. a 3 >» meyrickt, Blackb. a. be Prva) SCGs Lea. a ie af spinicollis, Blackb. 2 e s, abdominalis, Lea. a 5 a monticola, Lea. i ry y oo mira, es Be palpalis, Lea. i cs Geloptera setifera, Lea. oe se E. uncinata, Lea. ») » > eluta, Lea, “ios. 123 and 124. 125 and 126. 127 and 128. 129. 130. 131. dee. 133. 134. 135 to 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143: 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153 and 154. 155. 156. 157. 339 Hind tibia of Geloptera rhaebocnema, Lea. eg He 2 tibialis, Lea. Front cd Agetinus aequalis, Blackb. Middle Lf rt compositus, Lea. _ ‘ cacozelus, Lea. Hind of -f nitidivirgatus, Lea. Front i 43 quvencus, Lea. Hind ” ” Front * croesus, Lea. Hind “ Colaspoides howensis, Lea. a oe a tarsalis, ‘Lea: a os dee picticornis, Lea. ve Me Pe anomogastra, Lea. ie 5 re haemorrhoidalis, Lea. sy y PE fovewentris, Lea. ay a re crassipes, Lea. fe hs Cleptor inermis, Lef. a ‘ ‘3 subhumeralis, Lea. x ns » semiviridis, Lea. Front » laevicollis, Lea. Hind ”) ” 29 29 A "A » paradozus, Blackb. Middle ? oe) oe) 9 Hind a Trypocolaspis bimpressa, Lea. a . punctatostriata, Lea. Front iss Cudnellia apicalis, Lea. Hind Middle tibia and tarsus of Tomyris insignis, Lea. Front es <3 Agetinus nitidivirgatus, Lea. os B * Edusoides pulcher, Blackb. » leg of Colaspoides tarsalis, Lea. Hind tibia and tarsus of Colaspoides clegantula, Lea. ” ” Ms >, poeciloderma, Lea. , femur and tibia of Colaspoides pictipes, Lea. 5 similis, Lea. Front tibia and tarsus of Cleptor coriaceus, Lea. Basal joint of middle tarsus of Hdusa discicollis, Lea. i 4a hind Se fi. VAUSCUCOLILS, Lea. Side of prosternum of Rhyparida didyma, Fab. a br Ws australis, Boh. a by 3 discopunctu- lata, Blackb. ie a Prypnocolaspis latibasis, Lea. Prosternal episternum of Rhyparida didyma, Fab. ue * - dimidiata, Baly. a of . discopunctu- lata, Blackb. 340 A SUPPOSED INCIDENTAL OCCURRENCE OF A SUCKER FISH (ECHENE/S AUSTRALIS, Bennett) IN AUSTRALIAN WATERS. By Epear R. Waite, F.L.S., Director S.A. Museum. [Contribution from the South Australian Museum. | [Read June 10, 1915. ] Prats: XI. ECHENEIS AUSTRALIS, Bennett. Echeneis australis, Bennett, Narr. Whaling Voy., 11., 1840, pi 2ioe Echeneis scutata, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), v., 1860, p. 401, pl. x., fig. B; and Cat. Fish, Brit. Mus., 1., 1860, p. 881; Liitken, Vid. Medd. Kjobenh, 1875, p. 42. Remilegia australis, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1864, p. 61; Jordan and Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. Nat. Mus., 111., 1898, p. 2270. Description.—B. 1x5" D) xxwi, 2250N. 245° Vileoe P. 22 dex., 24 sin.; C. 13+6. Length of head, 3.5; depth of body, 7°86; and length of caudal, 4°9 in the length; diameter of orbit, 9°9; of eye. 15°6; interorbital width, 15; and length of snout, 2°06 in the head; width of body between the pectorals, 4°3; length of disc, 2°0 in the body, or 2°4 caudal included ; width of disc, 2°19 in its own length. Sucker.—The disc, which is relatively larger than in any other species of the family, is slightly broader behind than in front; it extends as far forward as the margin of the upper jaw and overhangs the head and body at the sides. The anterior lamellae extend to within twice the diameter of the eye of each other in front, but the posterior pair are widely separated, and leave a considerable portion of smooth skin between and behind them; each lamella is beset with small spines; the free portion of the posterior edge of the dise equals half the length of the snout and extends beyond the extremity of the adpressed ventrals. Fins.—Regarding the sucker as the modified first dorsal, the second fin originates at a point nearly half its own length behind the disc; the highest rays are in the anterior fourth of the fin, whence they rapidly diminish. The relative posi- tion, size, and shape of the anal is almost exactly that of the second dorsal, and neither reaches the caudal. The ven- trals are pointed, the first ray being the longest; they can be received into a groove, and are placed one-third the length —— 341 of the body behind the mandible; the origin of the anal is at the second third. The anterior insertion of the pectoral is over the opercular margin and close to the upper edge of the body, below the disc; the fin is rounded in shape, and its length is two-thirds the width of the disc. The caudal is well developed, and its margin is quite straight when extended. The cleft of the mouth extends three-fourths the distance from the tip of the mandible to the orbit and the lower jaw, which is narrow, projects beyond the upper, a distance equal to the diameter of the orbit. The two nostrils on each side are virtually in contact, immediately above the angle of the mouth, but distant therefrom a little more than from the upper edge of the head; the anterior nostril has a low rim. Gulls four, the first only being double, a long slit behind the fourth, gill-rakers moderate and slender, 14 on the lower limb of the first arch and four tubercles on the ascending limb; no pseudobranchiae. Teeth.—The teeth are set in broad villiform bands, slightly separated in front, the upper bands are widest at some distance from the mid-line and he outside the narrow lower jaw when the mouth is closed; the lower bands are widest in front, and extend forward beyond the upper jaw, which is subtruncated ; the outermost series of teeth in each jaw is the largest, and the teeth are directed outwards. The bands of the vomerine and palatine teeth together form an almost continuous gothic arch-like figure, those on the pala- tines being the broader; the tongue is edentulous. Scales.—The body is everywhere dotted with minute pits containing microscopic scales of ovoid shape; the lateral line is concurrent with the upper edge of the body below the disc from its origin to the end of the pectoral fin, whence it descends to the mid-line of the body, and runs straight to the caudal peduncle, where it again rises slightly, to be lost at the base of one of the rays. Colour.—The cclour when fresh was uniform dark slaty-blue, the edges of the fins a little lighter, the disc was brown. Length.—472 mm. (183 inches). _ The fellowing details of the capture of the sucker fish are kindly supplied by Capt. E. H. Hipkins, master of the tug ‘‘Falcon’’?:—‘‘On April 27, 1915, while removing the coal lighter from the Norwegian steamer ‘Rena,’ outward bound from Europe, the fish was, I believe, disturbed from the side of the vessel by the wash of our propellor, for I first noticed it swimming from the ‘Rena’ on the surface of the water towards us. After berthing the lighter we tried to catch the fish, but though we got it into the net the latter 342 was so small that the fish jumped out before we could land it and swam under the tug. Later in the day we had to go into dock to tow out a steamer, and passing in I saw the fish coming out, swimming on the surface, and this time we used a larger landing net and secured the fish. I believe the fish came to the surface of the water warmed by the sun’s rays, because it found it unusually cold below.’”’ Our thanks are due and are tendered to Capt. Hipkins for the trouble he took in securing the stranger, and also for so promptly sending it to the Museum. Bennett called his fish the ‘‘Australasian Remora,’’ but did not state whence it was obtained, nor did he definitely claim it as a new species; there does not, however, appear to be any earlier reference to the name Hcheneis australis. He writes :—‘‘One individual we captured, and which was by no means the largest we observed, measured one foot five inches in length, and was proportionately broad. Of three examples, one only had 24 striae on the buckler ; the other two had 26.” The radial formulae of Bennett’s specimens may be thus expressed : — B.’ x.3, D... xin exe Poe OP 0 ee Noa eet C. 20. Griffiths used the name ‘“‘Australasian Remora’’ under a plate of Hcheneis naucrates and indexed it as ‘‘Australian Remora’; Day) improperly quotes the entry as Hcheneis australis. Giinther had two specimens from the Indian Ocean; the larger measured 23 in. (585 mm.) in length, but was stuffed, so that the proportions and dimensions given are those of the smaller example, 7 in., 11 lines (202 mm.). The lateral line is not mentioned; it is shown in the figure, but not quite correctly. The disc is quite flat in the fresh fish, but curls up at the edges after preservation, and in this condition is described by Giinther, otherwise his account may be well applied to my example. Jordan and Evermann include Remilegia australis as a North American species on the record of Liitken, but in the synonomy given they credit Bennett with ‘‘Plates 24-26.” The ‘‘whaling voyage’’ was not illustrated with plates, and one may notice as suggestive of the possible source of error that the dorsal striae in Bennett’s specimens are expressed as “(94-26.”’ Although the fish was named ‘‘Australasian Remora,’’ evidently to be read in the sense australis (southern), Ben- nett did not approach the coast of New Holland nearer than (Q) Griffiths, in Cuvier, ‘Animal Kingdom, x., Pisces, 1834. (2) Day, Fishes of India, 1878, p. 257. 343 Timor on his way to the Cape, and the present record is apparently the first for Australia. It seems probable that the fish had attached itself to the Norwegian vessel in the Indian Ocean, bound for Adelaide, and when in dock trans- ferred its patronage to the ‘‘Falcon.’’ The chief operative factor in the distribution of pelagic fishes is that of temperature, and as the fundamental host of the sucker fish is some larger fish or mammal, it may be presumed that the limits of endurance of temperature as enjoyed by the host is approximately that of the commensal also. Though a certain amount of discretion in the choice of a host is doubtless indulged in by the sucker fish, it is believed that some species are specially ‘‘attached’’ to specific animals or fishes. In the case of a species that exhibits less dis- crimination its range is likely to be greater, but the inter- esting question arises as to what happens when the fish attaches itself to ocean craft? When the vessel is moving north or south the change in temperature is likely to provide the first element of discomfort, but if the vessel maintains approximately the same latitude, the absence of the supply of usual food would doubtless be an early factor in the mis- placed attachment of the sucker fish. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Disc of the sucker fish (Echeneis australis, Bennett), from a cast (seven-eighths natural size). 344 140 A Oratian Rock ilydale Stn Da e N° 3 Bore ‘ oo eN°4\ Bore Bb rs °N9/ Bore ¥ Faraway Hill e farmers (Dam Bore »Braemar HS. = Sturt Vale H S. 140 Map to show the situation of Bores on the Lilydale Sheep-station. At LIST OF;:FORAMINIFERA AND OTHER ORGANIC REMAINS OBTAINED FROM TWO BORINGS ON THE LILYDALE SHEEP-STATION. By Water Howcuin, F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology and Palaeontology, University of Adelaide. [Read August 12, 1915.] INTRODUCTORY. The Mutooroo Pastoral Company has recently put down several trial bores on its property, situated near the intersec- tion of 140° meridian of east longitude and 33° parallel of south latitude, a little to the south of Lilydale sheep-station, .and about forty-two miles to the south-east of Yunta railway station. By the courtesy of Mr. L. Keith Ward, B.A., B.E., Government Geologist, my attention was called to these sink- ings, and a small amount of fossiliferous material taken there- from was placed in my hands for examination. The above company, through Mr. Ward, has also supplied information as to the strata passed through, based on the log kept by Messrs. Johnstone Bros., who were the contractors for the work. In the map kindly supplied by Mr. Ward, and reproduced on the opposite page, the sites of the two bores are indicated. Particulars of the Strata passed through in the Kruger Dam Bore :— Nature of Thickness in Depth from Strata. feet. surface in feet. Cla isch ia ee NON i ih 11 Gravel a oe a 1 12 Rock 2 14 Gravel 3 Li Sand 12 29 Light- coloured Clay 7 36 Reddish and Light- coloured Clay 39 75 Lighter-coloured Reddish Clay 20 95 Dark-coloured Clay i 17 112 Sand-rock cM as i 86 198 BJuish Clay oy AelGzee 360 Bluish Clay with Shells... 14 374 Sand and Water ... ic 8 382 . Pipeclay x ai 18 400 Bore abandoned at a depth of 400 feet. 346 Particulars of the Strata passed through in the Company's No. 4 Bore (Manunda Creek) :— Nature of Thickness in Depth from Strata. feet. surface in feet. Red Clay oe ae ae 40 40 Yellow Clay ... Sa 1f 20 60 atid sy: me Me ey. WEOD 160 Sand me gt 298 Sands with Shells (water) 2 300 Sandy Clay ; 18 318 Black Clay Yd 325 Dark-brown Clay w ith Pipe- clay 50 375 Light - coloured Brownish Clay with Pipeclay he 35 410 Full depth of Bore, 410 feet. REMARKS ON THE ABOVE SECTIONS. Both the borings dealt with in this paper penetrated the fossiliferous marine beds, which are co-genetic with the fossili-. ferous Lower Cainozoic series of the Murray Plains, Gulf St. Vincent, and other localities in the southern portions of Australia. Their occurrence near Lilydale is of considerable interest as being the most northerly locality known for these beds in South Australia. As far back as 1876 beds of the same age were proved in a Government well that was sunk in a position about half-way between the Burra and the Nor’- west Bend of the River Murray—a distance of about thirty miles from either place. It is highly probable that, although obscured by a thick covering of recent sediments, the beds are continuous from Lilydale to the Murray Plains. The locality where the bores are situated is evidently near the north-western limits of the marine series, as Mr. Ward informs me that “there is an outcrop of Cambrian slates in a wash-out beside the road, about three miles north of Lilydale station.” It is possible, however, that, as the beds have undergone great denudation in the district, they may have originally transgressed the platform of older rocks much further to the north and west than their present limits. From the particulars supplied, it is not quite clear as to the exact thickness of the marine beds in the two bores. In the Kruger Dam Bore blue clay with shells is recorded from the depths 360 feet to 374 feet, but it is possible that the blue clay noted from 198 feet to 360 feet may belong to the same marine series, and, if so, the thickness of the beds may amount to 76 feet. In No. 4 Bore the fossiliferous samples supplied to me included depths from 298 feet to 325 feet, or a thickness of 27 feet. 347 A point of interest is also seen in the occurrence of a considerable thickness of recent alluvium in each bore resting on the marine beds. In the case of the Kruger Dam Bore there are 200 feet of clays, sands, and gravels, and in No. 4 Bore similar deposits have a thickness of about 300 feet. At present the locality has no definite river channels, but the drainage is entirely local and disconnected. The upper, or fluviatile, portions in the respective bores probably represent antecedent river channels which were formerly connected with the older north and south drainage of the country. A sample of the deposits supplied to me from the level, 60-100 feet, in the No. 4 Bore consists of a clean white sand, the grains of which are fine to medium in size, and are almost exclusively composed of quartz, mostly of a transparent variety; the particles are rounded by attrition, especially the larger grains. With reference to the fossiliferous horizons, the material that carries the organic remains in the Kruger Dam Bore 1s a tenacious blue clay, but in the washings there are also some extra large and rounded quartz grains that show a high degree of polish. In No. 4 Bore, the material from 298 feet to 300 feet is a dark-coloured clay; from 300 feet: to 318 feet, a black to greenish-black clay; and from 318 feet to 325 feet, a black and very sticky mud. Each sample carries a considerable number of glauconitic granules, which, in many instances, have infiltrated foraminiferal shells and other organisms, or reduced them to pseudomorphs. The glauconite readily oxidises, by which the iron present, as a silicate, passes into a hydrous oxide of iron, or Jimonite, and becomes of a dark- brown colour. Most of the Amphisteginae present in the material have suffered such a change. Carbonaceous material is present in the form of black, cylindrical filaments or stems, some of which are pyritized. THE ORGANIC REMAINS. FoRAMINIFERA. It is interesting to note that the first material examined for microzoa from the Lower Cainozoic series of Australia was obtained from a locality situated about sixty miles due south of the bores now under description, which has been until now the furthest north for these beds in South Australia. In 1876, Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., then of Edinburgh, sent to Mr. H. B. Brady some material from a Government well that had been sunk about half-way (thirty miles) between the Burra Burra Mines and the Nor’-west Bend on the Murray. From this material Mr. Brady determined twenty-four species of Foraminifera ; and his brother, Prof. G. 8. Brady, four species 348 of Ostracoda. The age of the beds was given, in error, as that of Post-Tertiary. [See Geolog. Mag., 1876, p- 334.] In the following table the letters in the columns denote the relative number of examples present:—R, rare; RS, rather scarce; C, common; MC, moderately common; VC, very common. auger No. 4 Bore. am | NAME OF SPECIES. Bore. 298 to | 300 to | 318 to 374 ft. | 00 ft.| 318 ft. | $25 ft. | Nubecularia lucifuga, Defr. k= CORP ENE iba Biloculina ringens, Lam., Spel: A hearty (SN Cee e R | depressa, d’Orb. eee he ae ley bes R Miliolina seminulum, Linné, sp. nism, peaks Death LCE Vs EW ol ANI teens a vulgaris, d’Orb., sp. ree tee | nee ss] C | MC E venusta, Kar. Sp. Mi SA 9 hs Be eM O | R R = cuvieriana, a} Orb., He Fae dnd 3) a ferussacii, d’Orb., Be R R AS undosd, War. Sp. 2) co Ee eel ke R iS oblonga, Montagu, a Sim. cae APES YR agglutinans, d’ Orb., J Ree AO R C R Triloculina trigonula, d’Orb. SEU cette, hee A Mes iy cuneata, Kare. af 02. Pole MC e a8 (biloculine variety) es ah ee pee Re | tricarinata, d’Orb. i | ae «3 Spiroloculina grata, Terq. (feebly striated) yg) sea | R tenuis, Czjzek, sp. aN Se) | BR He Pentellina angularis, Howchin, Shs te ; Vu C Sigmoilina (Planispirina) sigmoidea, Brady , Sp. | R | RS | Cornuspira involvens, Reuss ok ke ae ee RB, |" ee Peneroplis arietinus, Batsch. R | Haplophragmium latidorsatum, Bor nemann, sp. | (if eres Textularia: gibbosa,. d’Orbs 25) 3. (28 ees 1 ak Rs | R Ass Ns d’Orb. Rete od Pi 2 ee var, porrecta, Brady | R gramen, Orbs “ehh ee R Verneuilina triquetra, Miinst., sp. Vena >... R R Tritaria tricarinata, Reuss es 5 Pi a a ts [oie] Bulimina elegantissima, d’Orb. Re Clavulina parisiensis, d’Orb. ee | Bey Cassidulina subglobosa, Brady: «nee tec) MEARS Ce” a Lagena hexagona, Will. : ees A. RS 70.-B r marginata, W. and ‘BH ae otppas R | distoma, P. and J. Ls Nodosaria soluta, Reuss, sp. 5 ee est R re costulata, Reuss Pee tes S|) ENS R: R | , obliqua, Linn. Be >.) SH eee , R | * scalaris, Batsch. —— bf BR | ei) (Glandulina) cciuatis, Reuss ... R_ | Marginulina costata, Batsch, ie ee : Bes Cristellaria cultrata, Montf.. SD SE sacs, Sel tee be gibba, d@Orb. .. (6 UE ar ea, ee 5 | | | Kruger No. 4 Bore. Dam NAMF OF ECIES. Bore. SP : £98 to | 300 to | 318 to 374 ft. | 300 ft.'| 318 ft. | 325 ft. Polymorphina elegantissima, P. and J.... ...| RS MC a communis, a’ Orb. Se Me NN eb, RS | RS es problema, d’Orb. cl, ae As gibba, d’ Orb. % a iy R regina, "Bei Ps ga ia R Pullenia’ sphaeroides, @’ Orb., race ee R Discorbina turbo, d’Orb., sp. pater Ne Roy vated R (?) tabernacularis, Brady sees R R Planorbulina mediterranensis, JOr Oo. a PRS ps latndtaw Elvana isen es 6.44 RS acervalis, Brady |... ... ... RK Truncatulina haidingerii, POtb ep. 2c. .s ve R if lobatula, W. and J., sp. R R R % wuellerstorfi, Sean ae eter a R R e ungeriana, d’Orb., sp. end VC | RS C cS tenuimargo, Bead if eS R reticulata, Czjzek, sp. eee tee RS R Anomalina grosserugosa, Gumb., sp. wae Tee | R ammonoides, Reuss, Sp. R Pulvinulina oblonga, Will. ee R a elegans, d’ Orb. R e scabricula, ine aa MC C tumida, Brady Me R Rotalia papillosa, var. compressiuseula, Brady VOre RS aM sey C 5 schroeteriana, P. and eu, C a soldanii, d’Orb. R orbicularis, d’Orb. MC Gypsina globulus, Reuss, sp. R R 5 vesicularis, P. and J. .. ee pea aa Nonionina depressula, W. and J. ey sp. aoe ae R RS umbilicatula, Montag epi aons ‘cs. R Polystomella macella, F. ane M.., ae R R %y crispa, Linn. R R se craticulata, F. ane M., R verriculata, Brady R, R Amphistegina lessonii, d’Orb. a ee ee. VC 2 VE Operculina complanata, Defr...sp:, “2a. eS REMARKS ON SOME OF THE SPECIES. Pentellina angularis, Howchin, sp.—The occurrence of this species in considerable numbers in No. 4 Bore is of some interest, as its only previous record is from the lower beds of Muddy ‘Creek (Vic.), where the type specimen was obtained. The specimens, in the present instance, show the same defects by weathering of the final chambers as was seen in those obtained from the Muddy Creek material. It seems to be absent from the Kruger Dam Bore. Discorbina (?) tabernacularis, Brady.—Two very small examples, obtained from the lower portion of No. 4 Bore, 350 have been referred, with some reservation, to this species. They have the form of a symmetrical cone, with the inferior surface depressed. The presence of only two examples, and these of very minute size, makes a definite determination somewhat difficult. Pulvinulina scabricula, Chapman.—This form was de- scribed by Mr. Chapman from the Batesford Limestione (Moorabool River, Vic.). The examples from Lilydale are more deeply pitted than the type, and are moderately common in No. 4 bore. Rotalia papillosa, var. compressiuscula, Brady.—Rotali- form shells with strongly-developed surface ornament occur in both bores, and, in varying numbers, at all depths examined. They may be said to be of /?. papillosa type, but comprise variations from that form in the direction of other species. The most prevalent features are those of RP. papillosa, var. eompressiuscula, but some specimens show a close resem- blance to #. schroeteriana, especially in No. 4 Bore, at 300 feet to 318 feet horizon. In the Kruger Dam Bore, and also in No. 4 Bore to some extent, strongly-built examples occur which approximate to the 7. clathrata, Brady, style of orna- ment, but with some differences. In this latter case the seg- ment of the inferior side are angulated, radially, as ridges, and are marked by a strong limbation, while between the lhmbate ridges are numerous transverse ridges. In some specimens, again, one to three spines are developed on the peripheral margin, akin to those in /?. calear, dOrb. The variations indicated above may be but varietal in their occur- rence, or fuller research may give them a specific value. Polystomella verriculata, Brady.—Two examples of this very distinct and interesting species were obtained from the lower portion of No. 4 Bore. It also occurred sparingly in the lower beds of Muddy Creek. Amphistegina lesson, d’Orb.—This form is very abundant in the lower levels of No. 4 Bore, but appears to be absent from the upper levels, as well as from the Kruger Dam Bore. This restricted distribution, limiting an abundant form to one particular horizon, is somewhat remarkable, and may have some geological significance. The specimens attained fairly large size, but are not equal, in this respect, to the very large examples of this species which occur at Muddy Creek. Like those found in the last-named locality they have been altered to brown ocherous-pseudomorphs. The Foraminifera in the above list number about seventy- nine species, and, on the whole, exhibit a facies that shows relationship with the Muddy Creek (Vic.) lower beds (Bal- combian), rather than with the Adelaide and Aldinga 351 (Janjukian) beds. This is especially seen in such species as Amphistegina lessoni and Pentellina angularis, which are present in considerable numbers both in the Muddy Creek and Lilydale material, as well as by Polystomella verriculata, in lesser numbers, none of which species has been recorded from the beds in the Adelaide district. Muddy Creek lies on the eastern side of the Murray Basin and Lilydale is situated almost on its extreme western limits, yet this agreement in the foraminiferal fauna of the two localities may indicate a strati- graphical co-ordination and similar geological horizon for the respective beds. The height of the Lilydale bores above sea-level has not been accurately determined, but Yunta, the nearest railway station, at a distance of forty-two miles, is 992 feet above the sea. Lilydale is probably a little lower than that. ORGANIC REMAINS OTHER THAN THE FORAMINIFERA. PoRIFERA : — A few tri-radiate sponge spicules. ACTINOZOA : — Placotrochus deltoideus, Duncan (small and worn speci- mens). Amphihelia striata, T. Woods (one weathered fragment). PoOLYzoa : — Numerous genera and species. PELECYPODA : — Cardium, sp. (young). Cardita scabrosa, Tate (young). Lucina affins, Tate. Limopsis insolita, Sow. Trigoma, sp. (broken fragments, including teeth). SCAPHOPODA : — Dentalium mantelli, Zittel. (fragments). GASTEROPODA : — Turritella aldingae, Tate. Erato minor, Tate. (?) Drillia (several young examples). Opercula (calcareous, probably of Turbo). OsTRACODA : — Not uncommon ; several genera as well as species. PISCEs : —-- Ichthyolites in the form of small bones. 352 SOME NEW RECORDS OF FUNG! FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By T. G. B. Ossorn, M.Sc., Professor of Botany, University of Adelaide. [Read September 9, 1915.] The fungi of South Australia have hitherto been neglected as a field of study, as indeed have most of the cryptogams. In the present note some forty species are recorded, the occur- rence of which I cannot find in the hterature, though many are common—a few exceedingly so. The majority have already been recorded from the other States, but five have not, so far as I am aware, been recorded for Australia before. One of these occurred on a native plant in the field; the remainder are pathogenic fungi attacking various cultivated plants, that have no doubt been imported with the seed or by other means. Fortunately, none of them promises to be very serious, but the fact that they have been introduced serves to show how necessary are the Commonwealth regulations governing the importation of plants—regulations that have hitherto been successful in preventing the introduction of several of the more serious European and American diseases of cultivated plants. However, one of these new Australian records merits special mention. It is the fungus causing a wilt of tomato plants, that I have provisionally referred to Hntorrhiza (Schinza) solam, Faut. Entorrhiza solani was briefly described by F. Fautrey in the “Revue Mycologique” for 1896 as causing a wilt of potato plants, but no further account hay- ing appeared, Sorauer (‘‘Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten,”’’ 3rd ed., vol. 11., p. 335) regards the results with scepticism. The symptoms described for the wilt of tomatoes and the occurrence and appearance of the spores agree closely with Fautrey’s account of the potato disease, so that for the present T have referred the fungus to his species. “The Fungus Flora of Australia,’’ by Dr. M. C. Cooke, appeared in 1892, but three years later a somewhat more complete list was published by McAlpine. I have, there- fore, given references to the latter by number where possible, to render it easy to ascertain the range of a species in the other States. Where more recent works of reference upon special groups of Australian fungi have appeared these are also cited. 353 It is a pleasure to express my thanks to Mr. C. C. Brittle- bank, of Melbourne, who has helped me not a little by re- ferring to literature not available in South Australia and checking certain determinations by material in the herbarium of the Agricultural Department of Victoria. The Hendersoma on Hleocharis was determined by him. Vromyces fusisporus, Cke. and Mass.—On living phyllodes of Acacia pycnantha, Benth. Burnside, May 9, 1914, in. Belair, May 11, 1914, ii. and iii. M., 1450. Rusts, p. 94 @). Uromyces microtidis, Cke.—On living leaf of Muicrotis porrifolia, R. Br. National Park, Belair, October 2, 1912, iii. M., 1454. Rusts, p. 88. The only record given by McAlpine is Bullahdelah, New South Wales. Uromyces striatus, Schrot.—On living leaves of IMedicago sativa, L: Fullarton, March, 1915 (C. E. Stephens), 11. and iu. Recorded for New South Wales, 2nd Report, Bur. Microbio- logy, Sydney, 1912. Uromyces tricorynes, McAlp.—On stems of Tricoryne elatior, R. Br. Parakie, October 17, 1913, ii. and iii. Rusts, Or. ‘ Uromycladium simplex, McAlp.—On living phyllodes of Acacia pycnantha, Benth. Burnside, May 9, 1914, ii. Belair, May 11, 1914, ii. Rusts, p. 110. Puccima dampierae, Syd.—On living stems and leaves of Dampiera rosmarinifolia, Schl. Longwood, September 28, 1914 (Miss A. H. Rennie), 1. and iu. The aecidia were only found upon the leaves. Rusts, p. 146. Puccinia epilobi-tetragoni (D.C.), Wint. On living stems and leaves of Hpilobium glabellum, Forst. Brighton sand dunes, February 28, 1914, 1., 11., andii. M., 1473. Rusts, a a Puccinia hederaceae, McAlp.—On living leaves of Izola betonicifolia, Sm. Burnside, May 9, 1914, ii. and i. M., 1466, as P. aegra, Grove. Rusts, p. 183. Puceinia helianthi, Schw.—On living leaves and bracts of Helianthus annuus, lu. Adelaide, fairly common, January- April, u. and i. M., 1476. Rusts, p. 158. Puceina hypochoeridis, Oud.-—On living leaves of Hypo- choeris radicata, L. Morialta Falls Reserve, September 13, 1913, 11. and i. Rusts, p. 159. Puccima juncophila, Cke. and Mass.—On living stems of Juncus, sp. Glenelg River, January, 1913, ii. and iu. M., 1479. Rusts, p. 136. (1) M. 1450 refers to the number assigned to the species in the ‘‘Systematic Arrangement of Australian Fungi,” by D. McAlpine, Melbourne, 1895. (2) ‘The Rusts of Australia,’? by D. McAlpine, Melbourne, 1906. M 354 Puccinia morrisom, McAlp.—On living leaves of /Pela- qomum australe, Jacq. Victor Harbour sand dunes, November 5, 1913, ii. and iii. Henley Beach sand dunes, January, 1914, lil. and ili. Rusts, p. 180. Puccinia poarum, Niels.—On living leaves of Poa annua, L. Adelaide, October 17, 1913,11.. M., 1489. Rusts, p. 128. Puccima tasmanca, Diet.—On living stems and leaves of Senicio vulgaris, L. Mitcham, October, 1912,1. andiu. Ade- laide, August, 1913, 1. Rusts, p. 163. Puccima tetragoniae, McAlp.—On living leaves of Tetra- gonia implexicoma, Hook f. Granite Island, Victor Harbour, August 23, 1915, 1.. Rusts, p..173. Puccinia thuemeni (Thuemen), McAlp.—-On living leaves of Apium graveolens, L. Mount Lofty, November 10, 1912, 1. M., 1468. Rusts, p. 168. tee sorghi- Sulbniee (Tul.), Clint.—In the ovaries of Andropogon sorghum, Brot. Roseworthy, February, 1915 (C. F. Stephens). McAlpine, ‘‘Smuts of Australia,’ 1910, ae WAS : Entorrhiza (Schinzia) solani, Faut.—In the roots and base of the stem of Lycopersicum esculentum, causing a wilt and final death of the infected plants. Fungus provisionally referred to the species. Crystal Brook, June, 1914. Entor- rhiza solani was described by E. Fautrey in the ‘‘Rev. Mycol.,” 1896, p. 11, as causing a new disease of potatoes. The account was brief, and since then no further investigation of the fungus has, so far as I am aware, been undertaken. It has not been recorded in Australia before, nor have I heard of its occur- rence in another part of the State. Taphrina aurea, Fries.—On living leaves of Populus pyramidalis, Salisb. Balhannah, October 30, 1913 (Geo. Quinn). I have not been able to trace the published record of Taphrina aurea in Australia. Mr. Brittlebank informs me the herbarium of the Department of Agriculture, Melbourne, has a specimen from South Australia, dated 1901, while he - found it in 1883, but it does not appear in McAlpine’s list. It is not common in this State, but is found occasionally on trees in the gullies of the Mount Lofty Range. Sphaerotheca pannosa, Lev.—On living leaves, stems, and flower-buds of Hosa, sp. Adelaide, common, May-October. Mey 1722. Lrysiphe graminis, D.C.—Infesting the basal leaf sheaths of wheat plants. Adelaide, August, 1913. Caulfield, Octo- beepers. M.,.1724. Poronia punctata, Fries.—Decayed horse dung. The Her- mitage, October 9, 1912. M., 1599. 355 Sclerotinia libertiana, Fuck.—On living leaves of lettuce, ‘causing a “drop” disease. The sclerotia only were found. ‘Journal of Agriculture,’’ vol. xvi., 1913, p. 1080. Sturt Creek, April, 1913 (C. H. Beaumont). This well-known European and American disease of cultivated lettuce plants has not, so far as I am aware, been recorded in Australia before. [(?) Report, Pathologist Dept. of Agric., Victoria (in the press). | Pseudopezza medicaginis (Lib.), Sacc.—On living leaves and stems of Medicago sativa, L. “Journal of Agriculture,”’ South Australia, vol. xvii., p. 294, 1913. Turretfield, Decem- mer 23, 1912. M., 1894. Peronospora: schleodem, Ung.—On living plants of the cultivated onion, Alliwm cepa, L., causing a wilt. Longwood, July 24, 1915., per Horticultural Branch of Department of Agriculture, South Australia. M., 2202. Empusa muscae, Cohn.—On bodies of dead house-flies. Adelaide, May, 1915 (Miss A. H. Rennie). Torrensville, May, 1915 (Miss M. M. Poynton). M., 2203. Ascochyta corticola, McAlp.—On the bark of living navel orange tree, causing necrosis of the tissues. Buckland Park, June, 1915. McAlpine, ‘‘Fungus Diseases of Citrus Trees,”’ Melbourne, 1899, p. 110. Actinonema rosae, Fries.—On living leaves of Rosa, sp. The Hermitage, October 7, 1912. M., 2086. Hendersonia scerpicola, Cke. and Hark.—Living stems of Eleocharis sphacelata, R. Br.—Black Swamp, May 29, 1914. Septoria petroselini, Desm.—Causing dry spots to appear on the leaves of cultivated parsley, Carum petroselinum, Benth. and Hook, f. Mount Lofty, November, 1912. Septoria petroselini, Desm., var. api, Br. and Cav.— Causing the leaf-scorch disease of celery, Agwum graviolens, L. On living stems, leaves, and fruits. “Journal of Agriculture,” South Australia, vol. xvi., p. 1, 1912. Mount Gambier, July, 1912. Adelaide, July, 1913. Recorded for New South Wales, 2nd Report, Bur. Microbiology, Sydney, 1912. Septoria rubi, West. — Causing spots on the leaves of ltubus fruticosus, L. The Hermitage, October 7, 1912. Septoria tritici, Desm.—Causing appearance of elongated spots on the basal leaves of wheat plants. Probably widely distributed. Parafield, October, 1912. Aldinga, September, 913 .. M.,. 2100. Gloeosporium nervisequum, Fuck.—Causing brown spots, especially along the veins of living leaves of Platanus orventalis, L. Adelaide, October, 1912; common each year. Mount Lofty, November, 1912. ‘“‘Jour. Agric.,’’ Victoria,: vol. xu1:, p. 335, 1914. m2 356 Gloeosporium mezerei, Cke. and Mass.—Causing brown spots on the living leaves of Daphne mezereum, L. Adelaide, June, 1915. Not hitherto recorded in Australia. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sace, and Mag.), Schr.— Causing discoloured spots (anthracnose) of stems and leaves of living broadbean plants, Vicva faba, L. Adelaide, July, 1915. M., 2133. Oospora scabies, Thax.—Present as a greyish evanescent mould upon some scabbed potatoes. “Journal of Agriculture,” South Australia, vol. xvi., p. 191, Gumeracha, November, 1912, 1913: Blackwood, April, 1914. McAlpine, “‘Diseaseés of Potato Plants in Australia,” 1912. Fusicladium ervobotryae.—On living leaves, stems, and fruits of loquat, Hriobotrya japonica, Lindl. Scott’s Creek, October, 1912. Alternaria solani (E. and M.), Jones and Grant.—On living leaves of potato; general. McAlpine, “Potato Diseases.” 357 “THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BROKEN HILL, NEW SOUTH WALES. PART I. By Oswatp B. Lower, F.Z.S., F.E.S., etc. [Read October 14, 1915.] The Broken Hill district is a dry belt of country situated about 334 miles from Adelaide, the nearest coastal port being Port Pirie, about 250 miles distant. The rainfall has an average of about 8 inches. The surface of the district con- sists of low ranges of hills, with intervening sandy alluvial plains, the rocks exposed being largely composed of'an ancient system of limestone and boulder beds, and although the dis- trict has been characterized as a desert, the appellation is a misnomer, as during a good rainy season the herbage flourishes to an astonishing degree of prolific activity. The flora is largely composed of representatives of the Cruciferae (Blennodia, etc.), Malvaceae (Lavatera, Gom- phrena, etc.), Myoporinae (Eremophila), Sapindaceae ( Dodonoea), Salsolaceae (Nochia, Bassia), Compositae (HH eli- chrysum), Leguminosae (Cassia, Acacia), Myrtaceae, the mulga (Acacia aneura), and gum, Lucalyptus rostrata, being predominant in the area under notice, whilst the generic names in parentheses indicate those more commonly met with. The climate during the summer period, 7.e., November to February, is rather trying, but the remainder of the year is mild and bracing, the mean temperature being, according to J. B. Jacquet, about 655° F. The insect fauna is tolerably well represented ; amongst the Neuroptera, Orthoptera, and Myrmelionidae I have secured several novelties. The Coleoptera are mostly repre- -sented by members of the Carabidae, Tenebrionidae, Bupres- tidae, Curculionidae, and Scarabaeidae. The Lepidoptera -of the district is particularly interesting, affording, as it does, an insight into the peculiar, and in many instances probably locally endemic, species of this hitherto unexplored region. It has produced some startling discoveries, not only in the large percentage of new species, but in the geographical dis- tribution of others well known. A large proportion of the species herein enumerated are to the best of my knowledge -endemic of the district, and the number of new genera and sspecies adduce an important aspect as to what the inland portion of the continent may be expected to yield during the course of further search. One noticeable characteristic 358 is the entire absence of the Hesperiadue, the absence of Cladium no doubt being responsible for such. Another- notable peculiarity is the large number of single stragglers. which I secured from time to time; nearly all the world-wide species have been taken here, introduced no doubt through agency of merchandise which finds its way here from every portion of the globe. Especially is this applicable to Deilephila ewphorbiae,a living specimen which Mr. J. Fairhead secured in the mail-room of our local post office. The prin- cipal area from which the collection has been made does not extend beyond five miles of the town itself, and doubtless many more interesting species remain yet to be discovered, especially along the river district. In forming the collection I encountered at once the difficulty of having no scrub or undergrowth within fifty miles of the town, and the continuous devastation of the remaining scrub and low herbage by grazing, etc., and the removal of street trees—mostly Yucalypti—have added to the difficulties of collecting. A large proportion of those enumer-- ated were taken at light, but the advent of the electric street lights, with the lamps fully 15 to 20 feet from the ground, have not made the acquisition of specimens any easier. The result of my labours, however, has been more than com- pensated by the discovery of so many new forms. I think IT can claim the unique distinction of having compiled the: first authentic list of species distributed in Central Australia, and although I have the advantage of my critics by being on the spot, I sincerely trust that those who in due course add to the catalogue will find nothing to cavil at in its contents, but prove its utility to be of such importance as to justify its publication. The types of the new species are in my collection. Family AMATIDAE. The name Amata, Fab., having priority over Syntomis,,. Ochs., the name of the family is altered accordingly. The: three undermentioned species of the family are only, stragglers. 1. AMATA XANTHOSOMA, Turn. Two specimens near Tibooburra, in January. 2. AMATA CLEMENTSI, Hmpsn. One abraded specimen at light, in February. 3. AMATA MAGISTRI, Turn. Four specimens, in January. age Family ARCTIADAE. Subfamily NOLINAE. 4. CELAMA ALBALIS, WIk. Four specimens, in October. 5. RoEesELIA LUGENS, WIk. Taken occasionally during September and March, at dight. 6. ZIA TACTALIS, WIk. Three specimens, in August. 7. CTENOSIA INFUSCATA, Low. Two specimens, in April. 8. SCOLIACMA BICOLOR, Bdv. One specimen from Wilcannia, without date. 9. ILEMA REPLANA, Lewin. One specimen, in March. @9. Hatone sEsuncta, Feld. Taken occasionally in October and November. 11. Hatone sinuata, Wligrn. Not uncommon in July and August. 12. CAPRIMIMA PROCRENA, Meyr. Four specimens, in November. 13. PoLIODULE XANTHODELTA, Low. Generally common in September, October, and Novem- ‘ber. I have not yet succeeded in discovering the female, which is probably apterous. The generic name is misprinted Poliodula in Hampson’s Catalogue. 14. XANTHODULE OMBROPHANES, Meyr. Rather common in September and October. I also take ‘the form inguinata, Lucas, and have received it commonly ‘from Wompah, on the Queensland border. 15. XANTHODULE SEMIOCHREA, Butt. Two specimens, in November. 360 16. ASURA LYDIA, Don.* Five specimens, taken at Tarrawingee in March and April. The specimens are dwarfed, with the medial black band of’ hindwings absent. 17. THALLARCHA ALBICOLLIS, Feld. Taken occasionally, at light, during November. 18. THALLARCHA SPARSANA, WIk. Not uncommon, at hight, during September and October. The specimens taken here are larger than those from Queens- land, and with the hindwings more orange. 19. THALLARCHA JOCULARIS, Rosenst. Three specimens, at hght, in March. 20. THALLARCHA RHAPTOPHORA, N. sp. 3, 22 mm. Head and palpi yellow. Thorax fuscous, patagia pale-yellow. Antennae fuscous. Legs fuscous, pos- terior pair pale-yellow. Abdomen pale-yellow, somewhat infuscated beneath in middle. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded; white, with blackish markings; a small spot at base of wing; a narrow outwardly oblique dentate fascia, frogn costa at one-- sixth to fold; a round spot just above dorsum at one-fifth ; a double dentate fine line from before middle of costa to middle of dorsum, followed on its posterior edge by an inter- rupted narrow dentate shade, most prominent on costa; a twice outwardly sinuate, somewhat dot-lhke line, from costa at about four-fifths to dorsum before anal angle, more or less interrupted on lower third; an elongate mark above middle, between dot-like line and shade, indented on posterior edge ;. a rather thick shade, from costa near apex, where it is dilated, to anal angle, twice excurved at and above middle, both anteriorly and posteriorly, and sometimes interrupted above anal angle; a row of round dots along termen; cilia dark- fuscous, with an ochreous tooth above middle and anal angle. Hindwings yellow; an elongate fuscous discal spot, above and beyond middle; a moderate fuscous apical patch extending to middle of termen, thence continued as a fine line to near anal angle; cilia pale-yellow. Between tsophragma, Meyr, and jocu/aris, Rosenst. Two specimens, taken in November. 21. THALLARCHA CATASTICTA, N. sp. 3, 18 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous, internally whitish at base. Thorax fuscous, patagia white. Antennae: 361 fuscous. Legs fuscous, posterior pair ochreous-yellow. Abdomen yellowish-orange, deeper orange beneath. Fore- wings very elongate triangular, costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded; white, with fuscous markings; a small spot at base of wing: three more or less confluent spots, forming a narrow outwardly oblique band, from costa at about one-fifth to middle of wing; a small spot just above dorsum, and anterior to termination of band; a narrow dentate fascia from middle of costa to middle of dorsum, sharply sinuate inwards above middle; a twice outwardly sinuate narrow line from five-sixths of costa to just before anal angle, becoming interrupted and dot-like on lower third ; an elongate discal spot above middle, between median and last line, but nearer the latter; a short oblique dash from costa near apex, nearly reaching first sinuation of last line; a row of hind-marginal dots; cilia pale-yellow. Hindwings very pale-yellow; a fuscous elongate discal spot above and beyond middle; a pale-fuscous apical patch, obscurely continued along termen to middle; cilia pale-yellow. One specimen, in November. I have seen a specimen from Birchip, Victoria. 22. CASTULO GRATIOSA, WIk. Three specimens, in October; these appear to fluctuate between gratiosa, Wlk., and zonophanes, Meyr., the median band of forewings being nearly filied in with fuscous, and the post-medial band as broad as in zonophanes. Perhaps a further series may indicate a new species. 23. CaSTULO LAETA, Wlk. A single specimen, of the form zanthomelas, Low., taken in November; the bands of forewings are much broader than the type, and strikingly approach shepherdi, Newm. Subfamily ARCTIAN AE. 24. ARDICES GLATIGNYI, Le Guill. Taken occasionally, in November. 25. CREMNOPHORA ANGASI, Wk. Not uncommon in the spring and in March. 26. UTETHEISA PULCHELLA, Linn. Common from September to April. 362 Subfamily AGARISTIDAE. 27. CRURIA DONOVANI, Bdv. I have a single battered specimen, taken at Balaclava, near Broken Hill, in January. As some species of this group: are said to feed on Loranthus, and as this plant is abundant here, it is curious that the family is not more freely repre- sented. NOCTUINA. This group is well represented here, and I possess several species which are probably new, but not in a fit condition for description. The genera Omphaletis and Ariathisa are most abundant, but nearly every family is represented. Subfamily AGROTINAE. 28. NEOCLEPTRIA PUNCTIFERA, WIk. Tolerably common in October and November. 29. CHLORIDEA OBSOLETA, Fab. Common from August to December, also in April. This: species has stood for years as armigera, Hiib. 30. MELICEPTRIA MESOLEUCA, Low. Five specimens, in March. 31. MELICEPTRIA PALLIDA, But. Two specimens, in March. 32. BUCIARIA BIPARTITA, WIk. Three specimens, March and April. 33. EUXOA RADIANS, Gn. Very common in August to November, and again from March to May. Evuxoa INFUSA, Bdv. Not uncommon in September and October. 35. EUx0OA PORPHYRICOLLIS, Gn. Taken occasionally in March. 36. Euxoa RECLUSA, WIk. Taken at rare intervals, in March. 37. AGROTIS compTa, W1k. Several specimens, September and October. 363 38. AGROTIS SPINA, Gn. ‘Several specimens, September and October. 39. PROTEUXOA MNIODES, Low. A rare species, two specimens in November. 40. PRopaTRIA MUNDOIDES, Low. Rather common from September to November. 4]. EcTOPATRIA ASPERA, Wlk. ‘Taken occasionally in October. 42. POLIA CONSANGUIS, Gn. Not uncommon in October. 43. PERSECTANIA EWINGII, Westw. Taken occasionally in October. 44. DASYGASTER EUTHERMA, Low. Five specimens, in March. 45. CrRPHIS UDA, Gn. ‘Two specimens in March. ’ 46. CIRPHIS LEUCOSTA, Low. ‘One abraded specimen, in May. 47. CIRPHIS LOREYI, Dup. Not uncommon in March and April. 48. CIRPHIS CILIATA, Wlk. Two specimens, in October. 49. CIRPHIS UNIPUNCTA, Haw. Tolerably common in April and May. Subfamily CUCULLIAN AE. 50. EKUMICHTHIS SEPULTRIX, Gn. Five specimens, in October. 51. EUMICHTHIS SALIARIS, Gn. Rather uncommon, in October. 52. PERIPYRA SANGUINIPUNCTA, Gn. One specimen, in October. 364 53. COSMODES ELEGANS, Don. Not uncommon during September and October. 54. SPODOPTERA MAURITIA, Bdv. Four specimens, in October. 55. LAPHYGMA EXEMPTA, WI1k. Two specimens, in November. 56. LAPHYGMA EXIGUA, Hiib. Very common, especially at light, August to November. 57. PROMETOPUS HOROLOGA, Meyr. Tolerably common in March. 58. EREMOCHROA MACROPA, Low. Not uncommon in March and April, the male pre- ponderating. 59. EREMOCHROA PARADESMA, Low. Several specimens, in May. 60. EREMOCHROA ALPHITIAS, Meyr. Several specimens, in April. 61. EREMOCHROA THERMIDORA, Hmpsn. A scarce species, two specimens in September. 62. MicRop1A RHODOCENTRA, Low. A scarce species, two specimens in April. 63. OMPHALETIS FLORESCENS, WIlk. An abundant species, September to November and March. 64. OMPHALETIS EXUNDANS, Gn. One specimen, in May. 65. OMPHALETIS HELIOSEMA, Low. Very common in September, October, and March. 66. OMPHALETIS NUNA, Gn. Rather common in March and April. 67. OMPHALETIS MELODORA, Low. Common during October and November, and again in April. : ie E 365 68. OMPHALETIS METANEURA, Low. Not uncommon in March and April. 69. OMPHALETIS SARCOMORPHA, Low. A scarce species; two specimens, in April. 70. OMPHALETIS PETRODORA, Low. Two specimens, in March. 71. OMPHALETIS(?) ACONTOURA, 0. Sp. 2, 30 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax smoky- brown, palpi dull-ochreous beneath, abdomen rather dark- fuscous. Legs fuscous, mixed with whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, termen gently rounded; smoky-brown, with black markings; a thick streak along submedian fold, from near base to before middle, posteriorly attenuated; a thick similar streak in middle of cell throughout; a row of black dots along termen; cilia smoky-brown. Huindwings with termen rounded, faintly waved ; light-fuscous ; cilia grey, with a fuscous sub-basal line. ‘In the absence of the male, the generic location is un- certain. One specimen, in October, at light. 72. OMPHALETIS SPODOCHROA, HN. Sp. 3, 9; 24, 28 mm. Head and antennae fuscous, face whitish-ochreous. Palpi ochreous-whitish, second joint infus- cated laterally. Thorax ashy-grey-whitish, anteriorly with a narrow fuscous band, collar rufous. Abdomen greyish- ochreous. Legs greyish-white, tarsi fuscous, banded with ochreous. Forewings elongate-triangular, termen gently rounded; ashy-grey-whitish; all lines obsolete; orbicular small, reddish-ochreous; reniform white, moderate, edged on either side with reddish-ferruginous, and with a small blackish shade on lower lobe; an obscure reddish sub-basal median spot; three equidistant black dots on costa, first close to base, from which emerge faint indications of sub-basal line, second at one-quarter; third at about middle; faint indications of a waved fuscous subterminal line; a row of fuscous-ferruginous dots along termen; cilia dark-fuscous; terminal half greyish- ochreous. Near sarcomorpha, Low. Seven specimens, in March. 73. ARIATHISA COELENOPTERA, 0. sp. 3, 9, 34 mm. Head and thorax blackish, slightly irrorated with whitish. Palpi ochreous-whitish, base of second 366 and upper edge of terminal joint black. Antennae fuscous. Abdomen grey, beneath infuscated. Legs fuscous, banded with ochreous-white. Forewings elongate-triangular, termen rounded, faintly waved; dark-fuscous, mixed with black, and sparsely irrorated with whitish; sub-basal line black, hardly traceable; antemedial line waved, black, double, from costa at one-quarter to dorsum at one-third; orbicular white; reniform large, pale-yellow, with an irregular blackish patch in lower lobe; postmedian line dentate, becoming double on lower half; subterminal hne waved, ochreous; space between postmedian and subterminal very dark-fuscous, with veins outlined in black on space; six or seven ochreous-white costal dots, first at commencement of antemedial line, last on middle of dark-fuscous groundcolour, one above reniform largest; a waved black line along termen, preceded by a row of ochreous interneural spots; cilia fuscous, basal half ochreous, with a row of black median spots at extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen rounded, faintly waved; white, becoming infus- cated on apical third ; a fuscous discal lunule; a fuscous waved line along termen; cilia white, mixed with fuscous at apex. Nearest cornuta, Low. Five specimens, in March; also from Pinnaroo, South Australia. 74. ARIATHISA ENDESMA, Low. Several specimens, November and April. 75. ARIATHISA CORNUTA, Low. One specimen, in March. 76. ARIATHISA EUCHROA, Low. Four specimens, in March. 77. ARIATHISA ANGASI, Feld. Five specimens, in April. 78. ARIATHISA TORTISIGNA, WI1k. Three specimens, in March and April. 79. ARIATHISA CHRYSOSPILA, Low. Not uncommon in March and April. 80. ARIATHISA PARAGYPSA, Low. Two specimens, in April. 81. ARIATHISA GYPSINA, Low. Fourteen specimens, in March and April. 367 89. ARIATHISA PARATORNA, Low. | Not uncommon in March. 83. ARIATHISA ETONIANA, Low. Taken occasionally in March. 84. ARIATHISA HYDRAECIOIDES, Gn. Nineteen specimens, in March and April. 85. ARIATHISA MICROSPILA, Low. Rather common during April and May. 86. ARIATHISA ATMOSCOPA, Low.. A rare species; three specimens, in April. 87. ARIATHISA CONFINIS, WIk. Not uncommon in March. 88. ARIATHISA CAPULARIS, Gn. Rather a scarce species, taken in March. 89. ARIATHISA ATRA, Gn. Five specimens, in March. 90. ARIATHISA MICRODES, Low. A winter species, rather common from April to July. 91. ARIATHISA HETEROGAMA, Low. See page 37 4. 92. ARIATHISA MONOCHROA, Low. Two poor specimens, in May. 93. ARIATHISA ADELPHODES, Low. Taken occasionally in April. 94. ARIATHISA INTERFERENS, Wlk. One imperfect specimen, in March. 95. ARIATHISA FLEXIRENA, WIlk. Two specimens, in October. 96. HyYPoPrERIGEA TONSA, Gn. One specimen, in March, somewhat worn. 97. PROxENUS TENUIS, Butl. Common during September and November. 368 98. PHRAGMATIPHILA TRUNCATA, WI1k. A single specimen, taken in March. 99. CHASMINA PULCHRA, WIk. A single specimen, in October. Subfamily ERASTRIANAE. 100. EUBLEMMA ANACHORESIS, Wllgrn. Two specimens, in October. 101. EUBLEMMA COCHYLIOIDES, Gn. Not uncommon in September. 102. EuBLEMMA RIVULA, Moore. Common from August to November. 103. EvusBLEMMA DUBIA, Butl. Common at light, in October. 104. EusTROTIA AMORPHA, Butl. Three specimens, in October. 105. EustTrotTia RITSEMAE, Snell. Two specimens (worn), in October. 106. EKULOCASTRA EURYNIPHA, Turn. Tolerably common during October and November. 107. TaRACHE NIVIPIcTA, But. Four specimens, in October. 108. TARACHE HIEROGLYPHICA, Low. Rather common in October and November. 109. TARACHE CLERANA, Low. Several specimens, in October. Subfamily EUTELIANAE. 110. PatTarETA CARBO, Gn. A single specimen, in March. 111. PaTaAETA CONSPICIENDA, WIk. Taken at rare intervals during March and April. 369 Subfamily ACONTIANAE. 112. Earras HUEGELI, Rogenh. Fourteen specimens, March to May. 113. EaRIAS PARALLELA, Lucas. One of the commonest species in September and October, and again in March. 114. EaRIAS OCHROPHYLLA, Turn. Also very common during September, October, and November, and again in March and April. 115. ARMaAcTICA CONCHIDIA, Butl. Taken occasionally in February and March. The sexes are somewhat dissimilar. Subfamily CATOCALINAE. 116. NiGUZA HABROSCOPA, Nn. Sp. 3d, 42mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax smoky- brown, thorax with an anterior snow-white band. Abdomen reddish-orange, with blackish segmental bands on basal halt and with blackish lateral tufts; beneath ochreous with whitish segmental bands. Legs dark-fuscous, middle and posterior tarsi spotted with ochreous. Forewings elongate-triangular, termen rounded, slightly waved; smoky-brown with snow- white markings; two orange basal spots, on costa and sub- median fold; a moderately broad transverse fascia, from costa at one-fifth to dorsum at about one-quarter, curved obliquely outwards on upper third, and below middle, and with a rounded projection outwards in middle, which contains an elongate streak of groundcolour; a similar fascia, from costa at five-sixths to dorsum before anal angle, curved obliquely outwards on upper third, thence obliquely inwards to ter- mination, from the anterior edge of the fascia spring two snow-white circular lines encircling the large discoidal ocellus, which is metallic-purple, surrounded completely with lines of orange and black respectively, and containing a fine streak of orange from posterior edge above middle; beyond the second transverse fascia is a narrow metallic-purple somewhat interrupted line throughout; this is followed by a parallel series of orange triangular moderate spots, upper three becom- ing ferruginous, this is again followed by a parallel series of moderately large snow-white triangular spots, their apices directed inwards; a fine waved fuscous subterminal line, followed by a thick parallel shade of grey-whitish through- out, except at tornus, where it is white; a fuscous waved line 370 along termen; cilia light-fuscous. Hindwings with termen- rounded ; snow-white ; a large, somewhat quadrate discal spot ; subterminal metallic line and orange and white triangular spots as in forewings, but the orange spots are the largest, and white small, being the reverse of those on forewings; submarginal and line along termen as in forewings; cilia as: in forewings. Allied to anitsogramma, Low., but apart from the larger size, two transverse oblique fasciae, besides other details, are. sufficient to ensure its distinctiveness. It is a very beautiful’ and striking insect. One specimen, at light, in March. 117. Niguza ANISOGRAMMA, Low. Two specimens, at light, in November. 118. GRAMMODES OCELLATA, Tepp. Taken occasionally in March and April, usually at light. The specimens are much larger than those taken at Adelaide. 119. GRAMMODES OcULICOLA, Walk. Five specimens, taken in April. 120. GRAMMODES PULCHERRIMA, Lucas. Taken occasionally in March. 121. Mocis aLTERNA, WIlk. Taken at rare intervals during November and December. 122. DonUCA SPECTABILIS, WIlk. Taken occasionally, at rest on Hucalyptus trunks, in: March and October. 123. ANUA PARCEMACULA, Lucas. Two specimens, in March, beaten from HLucalyptus. 124. ANUA TIRHACA, Cram. I have bred this species (the var. separans, Walk., xiv.,. 1357) from a larva feeding on “‘pepper tree’’ (Schinus molle), and as that tree is superabundant here, the insect may possibly in due course become common. I have also taken two speci- mens in March, at which period the imago emerged. 125. ACHAEA JANATA, Linn. Four specimens, taken between October and March, all probably belonging to the var. argilla, Swin. I have also: received two specimens of the same type from Alice Springs, Central South Australia. The insect has been known for many years as melicerta, Dru., but the Linnean name has priority.. 371 Subfamily PHYTOMETRIN AE. 126. PHyYTOMETRA CHALCYTES, Esp. Taken occasionally in October and November. 127. PHYTOMETRA ARGENTIFERA, Gn. Common in August and November, and again in March. 128. PHyTOMETRA SUBSIDENS, WIk. Three specimens, in March. Subfamily NOCTUINAE. 129. PoLypDESMA SUBMURINA, WIk. | Taken occasionally at light during October and November. 130. PoLypDESMA LAWSONI, Feld. _ Very common in October and November. 131. PoLyDESMA IGNEIPICTA, Low. Not uncommon in February and March. 132. PoLyDESMA AGLOSSOIDES, Gn. Rather scarce. Taken during March. It is generally larger and paler than the preceding species, but otherwise very closely allied. 133. DASYPODIA SELENOPHORA, Gn. Not uncommon, generally taken in the house, preferring shady spots, in November and March. 134. TATHORHYNCUS ExsiIccaTA, Led. Common in November, March, and April. 135. SANDAVA XYLISTIS, Swin. Not uncommon during March. 136. CALATHUSA ISCHNODES, Turn. Fairly common at light, March to May. Turner describes ‘the hindwings as ‘‘fuscous, towards base suffused with whitish’’; this is probably correct. Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., xi., p. 380, pl. clxxxiv., fig. 12) describes them as “pale purplish-red,’’ whilst his figure (which is indifferent) ‘shows them clear ochreous. 137. CALATHUSA HEMISCIA, 0. sp. Q, 28mm. Head blackish. Palpi and antennae fuscous. “Thorax fuscous, thickly irrorated with white, patagia white. 372 Abdomen ochreous-fuscous. Legs fuscous, posterior pair mixed with grey-whitish. Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; ashy-grey-whitish, upper half of wing throughout blackish, separation rather sharply defined ; antemedian line hardly traceable; orbicular and reni- form not traceable; postmedian line perceptible from below lower edge of to dorsum, with a rounded projection to sub- median fold, thence oblique; subterminal line fuscous, very faint, only perceptible on veins; a row of interneural black spots along termen, sometimes obsolete; cilia greyish-fuscous, chequered with dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen faintly sinuate, fuscous, becoming ochreous on basal two-thirds; cilia grey-whitish, with a fuscous median line. Closely allied to eschnodes, Turn., but apparently distinct. One specimen, in March; also from near Dalby, © Queensland. 138. CALATHUSA THERMOSTICHA, 0D. Sp. 3d, 9; 26, 30 mm. Head, palpi, antenna, and thorax cinerous-grey. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, whitish beneath. Legs cinerous-grey, posterior pair whitish. Forewings shaped as in hemiscia,; cinerous-grey ; a strongly-marked black longi- tudinal streak above middle of wing, from base to termen; all veins neatly outlined with black; all other markings: obsolete, with the exception of three or four suffused black interneural dots along lower half of termen; cilia cinerous- grey, with black streaks at extremities of veins. Hindwings. with termen slightly sinuate; greyish-ochreous in male, dull- ochreous in female; both with a moderately broad fuscous apical patch, continued along termen to beyond middle; cilia grey-whitish in male, ochreous in female. Two specimens, in March and April; also from Semaphore and Pinnaroo, South Australia. 139. CALATHUSA AETHALISTIS, N. sp. 2, 28 mm. Head, palpi, antenna, and thorax smoky- fuscous. Abdomen dull ochreous-fuscous. Legs cinerous- grey, posterior coxae ochreous tinged. Forewings shaped as in hemiscia, but termen less rounded; smoky-fuscous; an obscure somewhat darker median shade, anterior edge from beyond one-quarter costa to one-third dorsum; posterior edge from beyond middle of costa to middle of dorsum, with a strongly-rounded projection in middle, on which are four or five raised tufts of fuscous scales; faint indications of a few fuscous spots along termen; cilia light-fuscous. Hindwings with termen faintly sinuate above middle; dull-ochreous, a - 373 mixed with light fuscous on terminal half; cilia greyish- ochreous. Forewings beneath light-fuscous, hindwings clear yellow. One specimen, in April, at light. 140. PRoROcOPIS MELANOCHORDA, Meyr. Two specimens, in May; also from Derby, Western Aus- tralia, and Duaringa, Queensland. The hindwings of the Derby specimen are much whiter than those from Broken Hill and Duaringa. 141. PRoRocoPpIS HYPOXANTHA, Low. Two specimens, in December. 142. PRoROCOPIS EUXANTHA, Low. Three specimens, in January and March; also from Birchip, Victoria, and Brisbane, Queensland. I also possess a specimen from Northampton, Western Australia, which may probably be this species, but is too poor for identification. 143. PRorocopis stTENotTA, Low. Three specimens, in October. 144. PROROCOPIS ADELOPIS, Low. Four specimens, in October; also from Derby, Western Australia. In this specimen the hindwings are nearly white, and markings of forewings obscure. 145. PRoRocoPis LEUCOCROSSA, Low. One specimen (type), in October. 146. PROROCOPIS SYMMOPA, Nn. sp. 9, 25-28 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax ashy-grey-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous, legs ochreous- white, tibiae and tarsi infuscated. Forewings elongate, costa rather strongly arched, termen rounded, hardly waved; cinerous-grey, thickly irrorated with fuscous and dark-fuscous; markings narrow, black; sub-basal line curved outwards, reaching submedian fold; ante- median line dentate, with a short acute projection outwards below costa; postmedian line with a moderately outwards curved projection above middle, slightly indented in centre, gently curved inwards to dorsum; subterminal line crenulate, indented above and below middle, and preceded by its own width by a dull-whitish shade; a row of small black dots, well before termen; a fine waved black line along termen; cilia ashy-grey fuscous. Hindwings with termen hardly 374 waved ; dull-ochreous, finely irrorated with fuscous on terminal half; cilia greyish-ochreous. Allied to preceding species, but lines are arranged differently. One specimen, in March; also from near Duaringa, ‘Queensland. 147. PROCONIS EULOPHA, Low. Proconis eulopha, Low., ante, 1903, p. 44. Two specimens, in May. Additional Noctuina. 148. PERIGEA CONFUNDENS, WI1k. Taken occasionally at light, March to May. 149. ARIATHISA CONFINIS, W1k. Several specimens, in August, September, and October. 150. ARIATHISA ADELOPA, Low. Ariathisa adelopa, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal., viii., p. 407, pl. ecxxxill., fig. 23 (1909). ¢,42mm. Head and thorax greyish-fuscous, palpi and antennae reddish-fuscous. Abdomen greyish-fuscous. Legs ochreous, mixed with fuscous, tarsi banded with black. Fore- wings elongate, costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded; greyish-fuscous, thickly and minutely irrorated with black, terminal area somewhat darker; sub-basal line indistinct, only visible on costa as a black dot, antemedial line obscure, blackish, oblique, waved, angled outwards at submedian fold; reniform lunular, blackish, with a rufous lunule on its anterior edge,-placed on indistinct waved median line, which is oblique from costa to lower angle of cell; post- median line obscure, waved, outwardly bent below costa, twice incurved on lower half; subterminal obscure, slightly angled outwards at vein seven; a terminal series of indistinct striae; cilia dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded; dark- fuscous; underside grey, costal area irrorated with black; a small fuscous lunular mark in disc; terminal area blackish, becoming deeper towards apex; cilia fuscous. Abdomen with large exsertible lateral tufts. Gisborne, Victoria, one specimen ({ ? |] March). 151. ARIATHISA HETEROGAMA, Low. Ariathisa heterogama, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal., viu., p. 404, pl. exxxil., fig. 17 (1909). 3d, 9; 34,38 mm. Head and thorax whitish, irrorated with reddish-fuscous, palpi dark-fuscous at base, tegulae with the basal half blackish. Abdomen and legs ochreous-white, ll ae 375 abdomen whitish beneath; tarsi with blackish rings. Fore- wings elongate, costa hardly arched; termen rounded, oblique: reddish-ochreous, irrorated with fuscous and dark- fuscous; sub-basal line only represented as black striae from costa and cell; antemedian line black, oblique, undulated ; orbicular an obscure minute reddish spot; reniform small, lunulate, edged with brownish on inner side; median line obscure, oblique, from costa to median nervure, thence sinuous; postmedian line obscure, blackish, bent outwards beneath costa, thence dentate, incurved below vein four and angled outwards on submedian foid; some pale points beyond it on costa; subterminal line obscure, anteriorly suffused with dark-fuscous ; sinuate outwards on vein seven, thence dentate, oblique; a series of black points along termen; cilia greyish- fuscous, with a pale line at base. Hindwings white, some- what infuscated on veins and towards apex; cilia grey-whitish. The female has the head, thorax, and forewings more whitish, and hindwings paler. Rather common during March, April, and May. GEOMETRINA. This group is tolerably well represented in the district, the Selidosemidae being most numerous. The Hydriomenidae are disappointing, being less than a score; and as the genus Hydriomena embraces probably 200 species in Australia, it is improbable that this district will materially add to the number. As will be seen the other families of the group, with the exception of the Sterrhidae, have representatives, but to no great extent. Subfamily HYDRIOMENINAE. 152. PASIPHILA FILATA, Gn. Taken occasionally in October and November. 153. PHRISSOGONUS LATICOSTATUS, WIk. Rather common during August, October, and November. 154. ASTHENA PULCHRARIA, Dbld. Three specimens, in February and May, at light. 155. HypDRIOMENA MECYNATA, Gn. Very scarce here, three specimens in December. 156. HypDRIOMENA UNCINATA, Gn. Taken occasionally in October and December. 376 157. HypDRIOMENA SUBOCHRARIA, Dbld. Not uncommon, January to March. 158. HypRIOMENA CRYEROPA, Meyr. Not uncommon in certain localities in October. 159. HypRIOMENA ACTINIPHA, Low. Five specimens, in March. 160. HypRIOMENA PENTODONTA, 0. Sp. 3d, Q; 22,24 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, and ‘abdomen fuscous, fillet with a small ferruginous spot; palpi two; antennal ciliations half. Abdomen with blackish seg- mental bands. Legs fuscous-whitish, tibiae and tarsi ringed with whitish. Forewings triangular, termen waved, hardly bowed, oblique; rather dark-fuscous, crossed by numerous fine blackish lines, and with veins more or less streaked with ferruginous, especially towards termen; anterior edge of basal patch slightly curved, from costa one-sixth to dorsum at about one-fourth; anterior edge of median irregularly and finely dentate, gently and evenly curved inwards, from before one-third of costa to ome-third dorsum ;-a blackish discal dot; posterior edge of median band from three-fourths to before two-thirds dorsum, with five rather sharp projections, one below costa, two contiguous in middle, upper one longest, and two others just above dorsal, abbreviated; space between basal patch and anterior edge of median, and between posterior edge and subterminal line snow-white; subterminal suffused, interrupted, waved, more pronounced on veins, where it becomes dot-like; an inwardly oblique streak of fuscous from below apex towards middle of subterminal; a waved black line along termen; cilia whitish, barred with fuscous at extremities of veins. Hindwings with termen waved; rounded; fuscous; three finely-waved transverse lines, corresponding to lines of median patch of forewings; sub- terminal line rather thick, waved; preceded by its own width of dull-greyish; line along termen and cilia as in forewings. Two specimens, in April. 161. HyDRIOMENA SUBRECTARIA, Gn. Five specimens, in November; one specimen from -Milperinka. 162. HyDRIOMENA IMPERVIATA, WIk. Ten specimens, during March and May. 163. Hypycnopa DELOTIS, Low. Three specimens, in April and May. 377 164. XANTHORHOE PARADELPHA, Low. Five specimens, in March. 165. XANTHORHOE SUBIDARIA, Gn. Taken frequently at light, in March and April. I have: taken but a single specimen of the var. wrbana, Meyr. 166. XANTHORHOE HYPERYTHRA, Low. Several specimens, in March. Subfamily MONOCTENIANAE. 167. TAXEOTIS EXSECTARIA, WIk. Taken occasionally at light, in October. 168. TAXEOTIS DELOGRAMMA, Meyr. Tolerably common in the hills near the town in December. 169. TAxXEOTIS INTEXTATA, Gn. Seven specimens, all females, in September. 170. TAXEOTIS XANTHOGRAMMA, Low. Not common, occasionally met with in September and October. 171. TaxEoTIS PHAEOPA, Low. Taken occasionally in May and June. 172. DicERATUCHA XENOPIS, Low. Rather common during the winter months, very sluggish, and generally taken at light. 173. DARANTASIA) PERICHROA, Low. Not uncommon in September and October. DICHROMODES, Gn. It is a curious fact that, although this genus is pre- dominant in this family, I have not succeeded in discovering” a single individual in this locality, bre a I have made diligent search. Subfamily GEOMETRINAE. 174. Eors auBicostata, Wlk. Taken occasionally in March. (1) As Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., ii., 271, 1900) employs the name Darantasia for a genus of ‘area with cunerplena, Wilk., as the type, it may prove necessary to erect a new genus to receive perichroa. 378 175. Eois sTENOozONA, Low. One specimen (type), in September. 176. LEPTOMERIS LypIA, Butl. Very common from October to March. 177. LEPTOMERIS RUBRARIA, Dbld. Rather common from August to March. 178. LEPTOMERIS HYPOCHRA, Meyr. Three (poor) specimens from Yancannia, without date. 179. LEPTOMERIS OPTIVATA, WIk. Common in August and November; not observed during ‘the summer, 7.e., December to March. 180. PyLaRGE EPIsciA, Meyr. Not uncommon in September and October. Somewhat variable in depth of colouring, some specimens being almost clay coloured. 181. EMMILTIS TRISSODESMA, Low. Not uncommon March to April, also June and October. The sexes are markedly dissimilar. : 182. EMMILTIS COSMADELPHA, Low. Taken occasionally during April, also in September and October, usually at light. This species is subject to some sight variation in the hindwings of both sexes, those of the male being occasionally deep yellow, and in the female pale- yellow, thickly irrorated with fuscous. 183. EMMILTIS(?) ARGILLINA, 0. sp. 36,18 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax fuscous, palpi long, porrected, second joint densely haired beneath. Antennae annulated with white, shortly serrate(?); thorax posteriorly ochreous, patagia ochreous. Abdomen fuscous, segmental margins obscurely whitish. Legs whitish, irrorated with fuscous. _.Forewings elongate, triangular, termen rounded, oblique; ochreous-fuscous; an ochreous basal patch, outer edge curved from costa at one-quarter to about one- third dorsum; a slightly outwards curved, moderate, dull orange transverse fascia, edged on either side by fine black somewhat waved line, anterior edge separated from basal patch by a narrow line of white throughout; a similar, but duller orange transverse fascia, from costa at two-thirds to dorsum before anal angle, slightly angled outwardly below — 379 costa, and faintly sinuate above and below middle; a fuscous- ochreous rather broad transverse fascia immediately beyond second fascia, and only separated by a fine line of white throughout; the fascia is strongly indented above and below middle and followed throughout by a well-marked narrow parallel line; a fine blackish interrupted line along termen, preceded by minute white spots; cilia fuscous-ochreous, ter- minal half barred with white, a fine blackish median line throughout. Hindwings with termen rounded; dull whitish, thickly overlaid with fuscous; two waved, whitish, transverse parallel lines, antericr from costa at three-fifths to just above anal angle, second line more obscure; cilia as in forewings, but white bars less pronounced. One specimen, in March, at light. I am not satisfied with the position of this species, and I much doubt whether it is an Hmmailics. The palpi and antennae appear to suggest a new genus, but I consider my material insufficient to erect one at present. 184. EUCHLORIS VERTUMNARIA, Gn. Two specimens, in May. 185. EucHLoRIS ALBIcosTA, WIk. Five specimens, in March. 186. HypocHROMA OCCULTARIA, Don. Rather scarce here; two specimens, November and December. 187. PSEUDOTERPNA ARGYRASPIS, Low. Two specimens, beaten from Hucalyptus, in March. 188. XENOCHLAENA PORPHYROPA, Low. The type, taken in October, is still unique. The name. is misprinted porphyropis. Ante, 1903, p- 192. Subfamily SELIDOSEMIDAE. 189. OsTEODES PROCURATA, WI1k. Two specimens, in October. 190. CosymsBtia '2) PENTHEARIA, Gn. Four specimens, at light, in November. (2)Mr. Meyrick, in 1891, surmised that probably this genus extended right across the interior of Australia, from east to west,. without tquching the coast, and my experience tends to support the theory. 380 191. ScIOGLYPTIS TRISYNEURA, Low. One female specimen (which in markings is similar to the male), taken in October. The type came from Arltunga, South Australia, and was taken in November. 192. SELIDOSEMA SUASARIA, Gn. Taken occasionally in March. 193. SELIDOSEMA EXCURSARIA, Gn. Tolerably common in May and June. 194. SELIDOSEMA ACACIARIA, Bdv. I have two specimens, probably referable to this species, taken in October and November. 195. SELIDOSEMA ARGOPLACA, Meyr. Two specimens, beaten from Hucalyptus, in October. 196. SELIDOSEMA DIAGRAMMA, Low. Two specimens, in April. 197. HyBERNIA INDOCILIS, Latr. Rather common locally. Larvae (undescribed) feed on Chrysanthemum, Clematis, and Muehlenbeckia, and the imagoes emerge from July to March. 198. Ecrropis pRistis, Meyr. Four specimens, April and August. 199. EcTROPIS PLECTRONEURA, Low. Four specimens, April and August. 200. EcrroPiIs HIEROGLYPHICA, Low. ‘One specimen (type), in October, 1900. 201. PacHyTYLA DOLIOPA, Low. ‘One specimen (type), in June. 202. PAUROCOMA MOLYBDINA, Low. Five specimens, April and May. ANGELIA, Low. This is the predominant genus of the family in this dis- | trict, and is destined to be increased; indeed, I possess two additional species which are probably new, but too poor to ‘describe. 7 203. ANGELIA TEPHROCHROA, Low. Five specimens, April and May. 381 204. ANGELIA PLATYDESMA, Low. Several specimens, April and May. 205. ANGELIA HETEROPA, Low. Not uncommon in April, May, and June. 206. ANGELIA CALLISARCA, Low. ‘One specimen (type), April, 1902. 207. ANGELIA CRYPSIGRAMMA, Low. Nine specimens, March and April. 208. ANGELIA EURYPSAMMA, Nn. sp. 3d, 9; 25-32 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous. Antennae ochreous-whitish, pectinations fuscous, at greatest — length about six. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs whitish- ochreous, anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate- triangular; costa gently arched; termen bowed, oblique; pale- ochreous, in female minutely, sparsely, and _ irregularly irrorated with blackish; costal edge narrowly dark-ochreous throughout; a thick black elongate streak in cell on lower edge throughout, continued at posterior extremity to upper edge of cell, finely edged throughout on lower edge by a line of whitish-ochreous, which is continued to base of wing; a short, thick, black, elongate streak lying between vein one and lower edge of cell, from near base to slightly beyond anterior edge of first black streak; a similarly thick black dentate line at two-thirds from base, commencing on vein one and continued obliquely to vein seven, strongly bidentate outwards in middle, suffusedly edged anteriorly with narrow shade of light fuscous; cilia pale-ochreous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; greyish-white, tinged with light fuscous on terminal half of wing; a moderately large fuscous discal spot; traces of a faint fuscous waved submedian line; cilia ochreous-grey, mixed with fuscous at base. Closely allied to the following, which in turn is allied to crypsigramma, Low. Four specimens, in April. 209. ANGELIA PHILOCOSMA, HN. sp. 3, 9; 25-30 mm. Head and palpi fuscous. Thorax ashy-grey-whitish, in female mixed with reddish-fuscous. Antennae whitish, pectinations light fuscous, at greatest length six. Abdomen grey-whitish in male; ochreous in female. Legs grey-whitish, anterior pair fuscous tinged. Forewings shaped as in eurypsamma; in male ashy-grey- whitish, sparsely irrorated with minute black dots, in female 382 thickly irrorated with reddish-fuscous; markings black; a moderately thick streak from base, continued along vein one to before middle; an elongate, rather thick streak in cell, resting on lower edge to extremity and then continued to upper edge indicating discal spot, narrowly edged throughout below by a streak of hght ochreous; a thick dentate streak from dorsum to vein seven, outwardly oblique, and strongly bidentate in middle, bidentation less pronounced in female; a very fine fuscous outwards curved line from one-sixth costa to anterior edge of cellular streak, hardly traceable in female; groundcolour of male between this and dentate obilque streak wholly reddish-fuscous, except a thick streak of groundcolour along costa; in female the dentate oblique streak is pre- ceded by a tolerably thick reddish-fuscous shade; a row of blackish interneural spots along termen, absent in male; cilia greyish-ochreous, chequered with fuscous bars in female. Hindwings with termen rounded; grey, thickly irrorated with fuscous, lighter on basal half; a moderately large fuscous discal spot; a moderately thick waved submedian line, hardly discernible in female; cilia grey-whitish. The male has a close resemblance to platydesma, Low., but the markings are differently arranged. Three specimens, in May. 210. ANGELIA HAPLOCHROA, N. sp. 6, 9; 25-30 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax grey- whitish, fuscous tinged in male. Antennae light fuscous, pectinations four. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs fuscous- whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently bowed, oblique; pale grey-whitish, ochreous tinged in male; an outwardly curved series of three reddish-ferruginous dots, from below costa at one-quarter to just above dorsum at one- quarter; a similarly coloured series of dots, from costa about three-quarters to just before anal angle, gently curved out- wards on upper two-thirds; cilia greyish-ochreous. Huind- ° wings with termen faintly waved, rounded; greyish-fuscous, darker on terminal half; a moderately large fuscous discal dot; cilia grey-whitish. Two specimens, in May. 211. ANGELIA STENOSCIA, Nn. sp. Q, 26 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax greyish-ochreous. Antennae broken. Abdomen grey-whitish. Legs greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, termen gently bowed, oblique; grey-whitish, very sparsely sprinkled with light fuscous; an outwardly curved reddish-fuscous narrow line from below costa at one-quarter to dorsum at one-third; a 383 ‘similarly coloured line, finely waved throughout, and accom- panied on its posterior edge by a line of whitish-ochreous of similar width throughout; a large quadrate fuscous discal spot; an indistinct row of fine black points before termen; cilia grey-whitish. Hindwings with termen faintly waved; greyish-fuscous, much darker on terminal half; a moderate fuscous discal spot; cilia grey-whitish. One specimen, in May. 212. AMELORA POLYCHROA, Low. One specimen, in December. The type came from ‘Dundas, Western Australia. 213. PARAMELORA ZOPHODESMA, Low. Four specimens, May and October. 214. PARAMELORA LYCHNOTA, Low. Five specimens, April, May, and October, probably sattached to Hucalyptus. 215. THALAINODES TETRACLADA, Low. One specimen (type), in May, 1900. 216. THALAINODES PARONYCHA, Low. Not uncommon during April and May. 217. THALAINODES ALLOCHROA, Low. Several specimens, during April and May. The male ‘does not differ from the female in appearance, excepting the bipectinated antennae, the pectinations being four. 218. AMPHICROSSA HEMADELPHA, Low. Several examples, April to June. 219. CHLENIAS ARIETARIA, Gn. Very common at street lamps, April and May. 220. CHLENIAS HETEROMORPHA, Low. Common during April, May, and June. 221. CHLENIAS SERINA, Low. Several specimens, April and May. 222. CHLENIAS MELANOxysSTA, Meyr. Taken occasionally, during April and May. 223. CHLENIAS BANKSIARIA, Le Guill. ‘Three specimens, in May. 384 AUSTRALIAN HYMENOPTERA PROCTOTRYPOIDEA. No. 3. By Aan P. Dopp. [Read October 14, 1915.] The families Diaprudae, Belytidae, and Proctotrypidae > with additions to the Ceraphronidae and Scelionidae. Family PROCTOTRYPIDAE. The old name is used, for the present, instead of Serphidae. The Australian representatives of the family do not appear to be numerous, as rather extensive collections made by the — author, and others seen by him, have produced but five species, represented by seven specimens. One remarkable and distinct new genus is described, but the other new species fall into well- known genera. Table of Australian genera. (1) Mandibles small or absent; pronotum and postscutellum spined; scape abnormal; venation abnormal; stigma slender, lanceolate ... .... Acanthoserphus, n. g- Mandibles large; pronotum and post- scutellum not spined; scape nor- mal; venation ndérmal; stigma larae)* semicircular 2)... oS aa? (2) Parapsidal furrows complete and dis- GINCE! | sce) Wes. ake ies ecntd Medel Se LOS OG US > MOekSten Parapsidal furrows incomplete, at the most indicated anteriorly ... (8) (3) Propleura striate .... ... ... ... 4.) Proctotrypes, Uatreille Propleura not striate Suche Seay eee ea) (4) Oviduct of female filiform ... ... .... Cryptoserphus, Kieffer Oviduct of female not filiform... ... Phaenoserphus, Kieffer ACANTHOSERPHUS, 0. g. do @. Head, viewed from above, transverse; eyes occupying the whole length of the vertex. large; ocelli large, in a triangle, rather close together, and widely separated from the eyes; frons triangular, about as wide as greatest length, the antennae inserted in its middle, and separated from each other by a blunt erect tooth. Antennae 13-jointed in both sexes ; scape rather stout, prolonged on its dorsal edge into a sharp point, this completely hiding the pedicel and covering base of first funicle joint, its outer edge also with a small sharp spur some distance from apex, this scarcely defined in the male: 385 pedicel inserted within the scape, short and stout; funicle joints long, in the male filiform, in the -female slightly thickened distad. Maxillary palpi long and slender, 5-jointed, the first joint short; labials 3-jointed. Mandibles small, or absent (7). Pronotum short, situated far below the scutum (lateral aspect), with a large, stout, semi-erect; sharp horn on either side. Propleura not striate. Scutum with deep, com- plete, parapsidal furrows, these meeting caudad. Scutellum with a deep transverse groove at base. Postscutellum with a large semi-erect spine, this blunt at apex. Metanotum rugose. Petiole of abdomen very short; body of abdomen narrowed somewhat at base, compressed laterally ; the male with two or three segments visible, the first occupying almost all of surface ; the female with one segment only visible, produced into a long fleshy oviduct, this about as long as the abdomen. Legs long and slender, tarsal claws simple. Forewings ample; sub- marginal vein distant from the costa, the stigma slender, lanceolate; radial cell closed, long, over twice as long as greatest width; basal vein distinct, not attaining the sub- marginal; median and submedian veins distinct, the latter fading distad, the former curving upward and forming a rather short discoidal vein, this separated from a proximal prolonga- tion of the radial vein by a short interruption; median vein with also at its apex a short vein curving downward, this giving off a false recurrent vein running almost parallel with the hind margin of the wing; another false recurrent vein runs from near discoidal vein almost to the wing apex; veins, except where otherwise stated, true, not brown lines or marks. Hindwings with a costal vein only. A remarkable genus, widely separated from other genera of its family. The form of the scape, apparent absence of mandibles, spined pronotum and postscutellum, slender stigma, and well-developed venation readily distinguish it. Type.— The following species. ACANTHOSERPHUS ALBICOXA, Ni. Sp. Q. Black, shining, with a dull-yellowish patch involving the tegula; coxae white, also joints 9 and 10 (except apex of latter) of antennae; rest of antennae black, the scape and pedicel golden-yellow, also trochanters, femora, and tibiae; the tibiae faintly dusky, the tarsi fuscous. Body shining, smooth, with very scattered pin-punctures, the metanotum rugose. _Forewings long and broad, uniformly darkly infus- cate, the venation fuscous. Funicle joints’ long, rod-like, gradually shortening, the first longest, the tenth not twice as long as wide, the last joint one-third longer than preceding, N 386 broadly rounded at apex. Length, 4:10 mm.; to end of oviduct, 6°30 mm. g. Like the female, but the yellowish patch on the thorax somewhat larger. Funicle wholly black, not widened toward apex, the tenth joint two and a half times as long as wide, the last joint pointed at apex. Length, 4:10 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda, 1,200 ft. Described from two females and one male taken on decayed log in jungle, April 3, 1915 (A. P. Dodd). It is possible that the oviduct is freely retractile, as before capturing the insects 1t was not noticed. Type.—I. 5087, South Australian Museum. A male and female on two tags, male and female heads, antennae, and wings on a slide. Disocmus, Foerster. Kieffer (1909) lists fifteen species, from Europe and North America. DISOGMUS NIGERRIMUS, N. Sp. Q. Shining black; cephalic tibiae and all tarsi ferru- ginous. Thorax convex dorsad ; scutum and scutellum smooth, shining, the metanotum coarsely rugose ; parapsidal furrows deep and complete, almost joining caudad ; scutellum with a deep groove separating it from scutum ; metanotum with a deep transverse groove at base, this interrupted at meson, the sclerite nearly as long as the scutum. Petiole visible as a transverse line; abdomen compressed laterally, somewhat narrowed at base, as long as the thorax, striate at base ; oviducu about as long as body of abdomen (the oviduct appears retractile, as in Acanthoserphus, and possibly in life it 1s withdrawn). Mandibles acute, edentate; maxillary palpi 5-jointed. Legs rather slender, the femora long, cylindrical. Forewings long and broad; subhyaline, with a large square blotch commencing at base of stigma and continued some distance beyond radial vein, extending fully half-way across wing, dusky ; venation fuscous, the stigma large, semicircular ; radial cell small, not one-half as large as stigma; median and basal veins indicated by brown lines. Antennae 13-jointed ; scape moderately long ; pedicel short, wider than long ; funicle joints long, filiform, the first fully twice as long as wide, the tenth a little shorter, the last joint somewhat longer. Length, to apex of oviduct, 5°50 mm.; without oviduct, 4:00 mm. Hab.—-Tasmania: Hobart (A. M. Lea). Type.—I. 5088, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, head, antennae, and forewings on a slide. 387 ProctotryPes, Latreille. Serphus, Schrank, Kieffer, 1909. Kieffer has split the old genus Proctotrypes into three genera, which do not appear valid. The characters given for Serphus are:—‘Propleures striées; abdomen ordinairement rouge en majeure partie; oviduct filiforme.’’ The species described below has some striae on the propleura, but the oviduct is not filiform, and the body is wholly black. Kieffer’s Serphus, Schrank, contains fifteen species, chiefly from Europe and North America. PROCTOTRYPES AUSTRALIAE, Kieffer. Berlin Ent. Zeitschr., vol. lu., 1907, p. 266- Australia. PROCTOTRYPES JANTHINAE, Nl. sp. Q. Shining-black, the antennae concolorous ; legs black, the knees and anterior tibiae and tarsi golden-yellow ; posterior tibiae and tarsi fuscous; apex of all coxae yellow. Head, scutum, and scutellum smooth, with very fine pubescence ; propleura smooth, but with some striae, the mesopleura striate for dorsal half; parapsidal furrows wholly wanting; meta- notum rugose, the anterior portion short at meson, the dividing carina thus V-shaped with its apex cephalad. Petiole not visible from above; the abdomen abruptly convex above from its base (lateral aspect), produced into a long non-filiform oviduct, this longer than body of abdomen. Forewings long, _broad ; hyaline; venation fuscous; stigma large, as wide as . long, the radial vein small, scarcely distant from the stigma, the radial cell visible as a narrow split; no other veins. Scape as long as first funicle joint, the pedicel much wider than long : first funicle joint fully twice as long as wide, the others short- ening, the penultimate one-third longer than wide; last joint distinctly longer than scape. Length, to apex of oviduct, 4°05 mm. Hab.—Victoria: Melbourne (?). One female, labelled “No. 57, National Museum, -bred from larva of fungus beetle, Thallis ganthina, 16/9/13, F.S8.”’ Type.—In the National Museum, Melbourne. A female on a tag, antennae and forewings on a slide. CRYPTOSERPHUS, Kieffer. Another of Kieffer’s divisions of Proctotrypes, and of very doubtful validity. Eleven species are known—one, C’. uniden- tatus, Kieffer, from Chili, the remainder from Europe. n2 388 CrYPTOSERPHUS NIGRISCUTUM, N. sp. Q. Black; thorax chestnut-brown, the scutum and metathorax black; legs and tegulae wholly golden-yellow ; antennae brown, the scape yellow. Head very transverse, with scattered short pubescence. Scutum convex, smooth like the head and with scattered pubescence, without a trace of parap- sidal furrows; scutellum rather small, somewhat convex; metanotum divided into two halves; anterior half with a median and lateral carinae, between these smooth, separated from posterior half by a transverse carina, the posterior half somewhat declivous, rugose, covered with dense whitish pubescence. Petiole only visible from above as a transverse line. Body of abdomen compressed, oval, with a filiform oviduct which ig nearly as long as body of abdomen ; abdomen at base with a delicate median longitudinal impression, and a few short obscure carinae, its anterior margin carinate. Fore- wings long, broad; subhyaline; stigma longer than greatest width, the radial vein longer than stigma, the radial cell narrow ; no trace of median, basal veins, etc. Scape stout, somewhat shorter than first funicle joint; pedicel stout, quadrate ; funicle joints slender, the first much narrowed at base, the others less so; one over twice length of pedicel, the others shortening, the penultimate two-thirds longer than wide, the last joint as long asfunicle one. Length, to apex of oviduct, 3°25 mm. ; ta base of oviduct, 2°25 mm. Hab.—-Queensland: Cairns district, 1,500 ft. One female caught by sweeping in .jungle, September 18, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). age Type.—l. 5089, South Australian Museum. A female on a tag, antennae and forewings on a slide. CRYPTOSERPHUS NITIDUS, n. sp. d. Shining-black; legs (including coxae), tegulae, and antennal scape and pedicel, golden-yellow. Prothorax and mesothorax finely densely pubescent; parapsidal furrows pre- sent anteriorly; metanotum as in nigriscutum, also petiole and base of abdomen. Forewings long, broad ; hyaline ; stigma somewhat longer than greatest width, the radial vein almost parallel with its distal margin ; no trace of other veins, except submarginal ; radial cell narrow; venation fuscous. First funicle joint two and a half times as long as wide, distinctly longer than second, the tenth one-half longer than wide, the last as long as first. Length, 3°00 mm. Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district. One male caught by sweeping in jungle, July 24, 1913 (A. P. Dodd). — Type.—I. 5090, South Australian Museum. ) b4100-17; +0; 1112 Length of head 3°4-3°5, depth 1°3-1°7 in the length excluding the caudal rays. Narrowest interorbital width 2°3-2°4 in the head, and greater than the orbital diameter, which is 2°7-3°3 in the head. Longest pectoral ray 1°5-1°7, dorsal 1°4-1°6, anal 1°7-1°8, and median caudal rays 1°5 in the head. Form very variable, principally owing to the different development of the abdomen; in the large specimen, figured on pl. xx., it is strongly compressed, and forms a deep rounded keel, but in a narrower example the keel is scarcely developed. Snout oblique, not gibbous. Interorbital space flat mesially, but the supraorbital margins are strongly elevated, making it appear concave. Back almost flat in front, sometimes forming a low crest behind. Gill-opening just behind the verticle of the eye in the young, farther back in adults. Spines variable in form, being either short and somewhat thickened, or elongate and strongly compressed. Supraorbital spine inclined slightly outward and backward. Two supralateral spines on each side. Mediolateral spine situated below or slightly behind the verticle of the hinder supralateral one. Two infralateral spines usually present, but one cr both are occasionally absent; the anterior is below the (3) Ostracion striatus, Shaw. This name was founded on a drawing, which Shaw himself considered possibly represented his O. auritus. (4) Ostracion tobinii, Donovan. This name was offered as a substitute for O. auritus and OQ. striatus, Shaw, which were regarded as unsatisfactory. (5) Ostracion (Aracana) reevesii, Gray, was proposed for a fish figured in Gray’s ‘Illustrations of Indian Zoology” as A. aurita, but later regarded as a distinct species. It was reunited with A. aurita by Giinther. 486 interspace of the supralateral spines and far behind the pectoral base. ‘® Carapace uniformly granular in most larger specimens, but in some, including all smaller examples, the scutes are ornamented with radiating lines of larger granules. The scutes are widely separated in front of the gill-opening, and sometimes also on the abdomen near the vent. One or two large saddle-shaped scutes are present behind the dorsal and anal fins, and others form a more or less complete ring around the caudal peduncle. Dorsal and anal fins either somewhat angular or rounded; caudal slightly emarginate, truncate, or rounded. Colour.—Creamy-yellow in formalin, with a varying number of dark lines which are more or less sinuous, and anastomosing on the supero-posterior portions of the sides; they are almost horizontal on the sides of the snout, and are nowhere wider than the lghter interspaces. Bases of the fins with oblique dark bars, their rayed portions plain. Described from eleven specimens, 77-205 mm. long; the proportional measurements are those of the narrowest and broadest specimens, one of the latter being figured. Loc.—Tasmania; off the east coast of Flinders Island, Bass Strait; 40 miles west of Kingston, South Australia, 30 fathoms; off the mouth of the Murray River, South Aus- tralia, 20 fathoms; Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia ; Fremantle, Western Australia. “Simplon’’ Station 2, 22 fathoms, and Station 5, 85 fathoms. + Y Qa y . ARACANA AURITA, Shaw, (?) young. Ply ei: Fourteen young examples, 22-47 mm. long, resemble 4. aurita in their general colour-marking. The smallest speci- mens, one of which is figured on pl. xxi., are almost globular, with the sides a little compressed ; the back and abdomen are rounded. The scutes are very distinct and irregular; the centre of each is elevated into a rounded tubercle, from which raised ridges radiate towards the centres of each adjoining scute, and fine radiating striae cover the entire surface. No spines are developed, but their positions are indicated by (6) None a our specimens has a third infr alateral spine » below or in advance of the pectoral fin, and they agree with Shaw’s description and figure in this respect. Richardson figures two specimens as A. aurita, in which, however, these spines are pre- sent; as his illustrations seem to agree with Shaw’s species 1n other details, it is probable that the presence or absence of these spines is not of specific value. Ostracion quatuordecim aculeatus, Lacépéde, also has subpectoral spines. 487 enlarged tubercles. The eye is very large, and the nostrils are prominent and tubular. The fins are similar to those of larger specimens, but their rays are either simple or bifurcate. As the fish grows the striations on the scutes become less pronounced, and give way to scattered granules. The en- larged tubercles become more spiniform, and the general form and proportions alter to those of the adult. The dark stripes on the carapace and tail are few in number and widely spaced in the smallest specimens, but in others 47 mm. long, they do not differ from those of the adult A. aurita. Loc.—Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia; Western Port, Victoria. ARACANA SPILOGASTER, Richardson. Ostracion (Aracana) spilogaster, Richardson: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 27, and Trans. Zool. Soc., iii., 1849, p. 163, pl. x., fig. 1; Bleeker: Verh. Akad. Amstrdm., ii., 1855, p. 27. eet PA tO Py 24105 Cr gr. Length of head 3°3, depth of body 1°5-1'7 in the length without the caudal fin. Narrowest interorbital width 2°2-2°4 in the head, almost equal to the orbital diameter, which is 2°4 in the head. Longest pectoral ray 1°5, dorsal 1°5, and median caudal rays 1°3 in the head. Snout oblique. Interorbital space flat, but the supra- orbital ridges are elevated, making it appear concave. Back almcst flat anteriorly, sometimes obscurely keeled posteriorly. Gill-cpening behind the verticle of the hinder orbital margin. Supraorbital spine inclined backward, and more or less out- ward. Two supralateral spines on each side; a mediolateral spine is placed below or a little in advance of the verticle of the posterior supralateral one. Two infralateral spines, which are sometimes but little developed ; the anterior is below the interspace of the supralaterals, and well behind the base of the pectoral fin. Carapace covered with small rounded granules, which are usually more numerous on the lighter parts than on the dark (blue) lines and spots; this character is particularly marked on the sides of the snout. A large saddle-shaped scute is present behind the dorsal and anal fins, and others form a more or less complete ring around the base of the tail; numerous irregular smaller scutes are scattered over the sides of the caudal peduncle. Colour.—Carapace and tail with numerous broad and more or less sinuous light-blue stripes, which are generally broken up into rounded spots on the sides; abdomen with a network of blue lines enclosing golden spots. Caudal fin 488 ornate, with broad blue bars between the rays, which are united with an intramarginal loop of the same colour. Described from eight specimens, 143-200 mm. long. Loc.—Tasmania; Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. ARACANA SPILOGASTER, Richardson. var. SPINOSISSIMA, Nn. var. PA Saxe An example, 160 mm. long, differs from the typical form of A. spilogaster only in the excessive development of the spines of the carapace. There are two mediolateral spines on each side, though the posterior one of the left side is only rudimentary. The infralateral ridges are armed with four spines; in addition to the normal two, there -is one below the gill-opening and another smaller one below the hinder portion of the pectoral fin. We have no doubt that this is merely a variation of A. spilogaster. Loc.—Tasmania. ARACANA SPILOGASTER, Richardson. var. ANGUSTA, Nn. var. Pleo. D.. A08iAD 106 Re deahOshhe C.¢ tek. Length of head, from the snout to the gill-opening, 3°4, depth of bedy 1°7 in the length without the caudal fin. Narrowest interorbital width almost equal to the orbital diameter, which is 2°7 in the head. Longest pectoral ray 1°4, dorsal 1°3, anal 1°5, and caudal fin 1/1 im the head. Snout oblique, slightly convex. Interorbital space flat, but the supraorbital margins are considerably elevated, making it appear concave. Back broad, almost flat. Abdomen compressed into a keel, its profile evenly arched from the snout to the caudal peduncle. Supraorbital spine well developed, inclined strongly backward and outward. Two supralateral spines on each side, and a strong medio- lateral one situated slightly in advance of the verticle of the posterior supralateral one. Three infralateral spines; the anterior is the smallest and is placed below the anterior base of the pectoral, and the second is a little behind the verticle of the anterior supralateral spine. Carapace uniformly granular except around the gill- opening, whence there is a naked space extending forward to the snout. Saddle-shaped scutes are present behind the dorsal and anal fins, and others form a nearly complete ring around the base of the tail; small irregular scutes are also Pips te. *- 489 present on the lower parts of the caudal peduncle. Dorsal and anal fins obscurely angular, their hinder margins almost straight. Middle portion of caudal fin emarginate, the outer lobes rounded. Colour.—-Sides of head, body, and tail with sinuous dark (blue) lines, which are not so broad as the light interspaces ; very indefinite intermediate bars can be traced on the sides’ of the snout, portions of the body, and on the caudal peduncle. The dark bars become broken up into spots on the upper parts of the sides, and they give place to a network of light-blue lines on the abdomen. Caudal ornate, with an intramarginal dark band, with which several irregular dark inter-radial bars are connected. Described and figured from a specimen 180 mm. long. A second example, of about the same length, differs in the form of the dark bars on the carapace and in having the spines but little developed. The supraorbital, medio- lateral, and two infralateral spines are rudimentary, and the anterior infralateral spine is absent. The dark bars on the bedy and tail are much broader than the lighter interspaces, and are defined by a narrow darker line on each margin. ‘This is evidently a variation of the form described above. Loc.—KEKast of Flinders Island, Bass Strait. ““Simplon’’ Station 3, 80-140 fathoms. ARACANA ORNATA, Gray. Pit passive: Ostracion (Aracana) ornata, Gray: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1., 1838, p. 110; Richardson: Trans. Zool. Soc., iii., 1849, p. 165, pl x:; fa. 2; \Hollard: Ann‘Ser INat!, (4);. vn, 1857, p.. 142 (O. nasus, MS.). Aracana ornata, Giinther: Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., viii., 1870, p. 267; Castelnau: Proc. Zool. Soc., Vict., i., 1872, p. 246; Macleay: Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., vi., 1881, p. 334; Johnston: Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., 1882 (1883), p. 136, and 1890 (1891), p. 38; ane ‘Naturalist in Australia,’’ 1897, p. 187, chromo pl. vii., gs. a-c. De Ca eae ho Pl Sah a Length of head 3°08-3°5, depth of body 1°4-1°5 in the length without the caudal rays. Snout, measured from the orbital margin to the lips, 1°3-1°5 in the head. Narrowest interorbital width a little greater than the orbital diameter, which is 2°5 in the head. Longest pectoral ray 1°4-1°5, ‘dorsal 1°2-1°5, anal 1°5-1°7, and median caudal ray 1°5-1°6 in the head. Snout compressed, its anterior profile oblique in the young, subvertical and elevated above into a prominent hump in larger specimens. Interorbital space flat, the supra- orbital margins slightly raised. Back broad, almost flat, and 490 evenly arched. Abdomen compressed into a keel, its profile more or less evenly arched from the mouth to the vent. A very long compressed spine above the middle of each eye is directed upward, and sometimes slightly forward. Two similar but smaller spines are present on each side of the back. Another on the middle of the side, well behind the pectoral fin. Lower lateral ridge obsolete, its usual position indicated by two or three spines; the first below the posterior base of the pectoral fin, the last below the base of the dorsal fin, and a smaller one, usually present, midway between these two. Carapace uniformly granular, its scutes not clearly defined. Abdominal surface more or less deeply and irregu- larly grooved. Imperfect scutes are present behind the dorsal and anal fins, and on the upper and lower surfaces of the end of the caudal peduncle. Anterior dorsal and anal rays very slightly produced in some specimens, forming a distinct angle to the margins of the fins. Colour.—Entire carapace and tail ornamented with polygonal spots and paired brownish bars on a light ground- colour of pale-blue, white, or pale-yellow. The sides of the snout bear more or less numerous oblique bars, which also extend over the sides of the abdomen, where they are some- times irregular and vermiculate. The polygonal spots on the sides of the carapace form distinct rows in some specimens, but are more irregular in others, and each usually has a central blue spot. Caudal peduncle and bases of dorsal and anal fins with dark paired stripes, separated by narrow blue streaks, and disposed more or less horizontally; the inter- spaces are pale-blue or white. Anterior portions of dorsal and anal fins darker. Caudal with blue inter-radial bars, which are symmetrically disposed and connected by an intra- marginal series of loops; these bars are defined by darker lines, and vary in form; they are scarcely developed in our smallest specimen. Two young specimens, 87 and 93 mm. long, respectively, differ in having the sides of the carapace marked with brown bars, similar to those on the snout, abdomen, and tail, instead of being ornamented with polygonal spots. The caudal fin is almost or quite plain. Described from fourteen specimens, 87-114 mm. long, the largest of which is figured. Kent regarded this species as the male form of A. aurita, though he offered but little proof of his contention. We are unable to examine the sexual organs of our specimens, and in the absence of more definite information prefer to keep the two forms separate. 491 Loc.—East of Flinders Island, Bass Strait, 40 fathoms; off the mouth of the Murray River, South Australia, 20 fathoms; Glenelg, Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia; nine to 10 miles west of Glenelg, Gulf St. Vincent, 10-12 fathoms ; Henley Beach, Gulf St. Vincent. Klunzinger ‘7) has recorded A. ornata from Port Darwin, but this locality is doubtless incorrect. As far as known, the species is confined to Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania. ARACANA FLAVIGASTER, Gray. PL. scx. Ostracion (Aracana)- flavigaster, Gray: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i., 1838, p. 110; Richardson: Trans. Zool. Soc., i1i., 1849, pe oe pl. xa., fig. .1. Acerana flavigastra, Kaup: Arch fiir Naturg., xxi., 1855, p. 219. Aracana flavigastra, Fowler: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1907 (1908), p. 489. Aracana amoena, Castelnau: Proc. Zool. Soc., Vict., i., 1872, p. 207; Macleay: Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., vi., 1881, p. 335. Bere hs AOMLOEL SP ae 103 Csr Ft: Length of head 3°07-3°2, depth of body 1°4 in the length without the caudal rays. Narrowest interorbital width 1°9-2°05 in the head, and greater than the orbital diameter, which is 2°3-2°6 in the head. Longest pectoral ray 1°4, dorsal 1°3, anal 1°5, and median caudal ray 1°4 in the head. ; Snout slightly compressed, oblique, gibbous above in larger specimens. Interorbital space flat, the supraorbital margins scarcely elevated. Back broad, almost flat. Abdomen compressed, keeled; its profile variable, being almost evenly arched in our largest specimen, and more or less flattened in the smaller ones. A long compressed spine above the middle of each eye, directed upward and sometimes slightly forward. Two large compressed supralateral spines inclined backward. A large mediolateral spine is present in the small specimens, but is reduced in the larger one. Two or three infralateral spines, the anterior placed below the hinder base of the pectoral fin, and the posterior below the dorsal fin; a smaller one may be present midway between these two, but is wanting in the largest example, and the other spines are reduced. Carapace uniformly granular. The scutes are rather widely separated in front of the gill-opening, and somewhat irregular naked areas are present on the posterior portion of the back and abdomen. Small scutes are present behind the dorsal and anal fins, and on the upper and lower surfaces of (7) Klunzinger: Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Ixxx., p. 424. 492 the caudal peduncle. Anterior dorsal and anal fins a little produced; caudal either truncate, slightly emarginate, or slightly rounded, according to the extension of the exterior rays. : Colour.—Sides of carapace and caudal peduncle with more or less sinuous dark bars, which become irregular and anastomosing on the supero-posterior portions of the sides; they are variable in number, there being about twelve on each side in a small and twenty-one in a larger specimen; they are oblique on the sides of the snout and about as wide as or shightly wider than the hght interspaces, but are almost horizontal on the sides and on the caudal peduncle, and usually become broader on the latter. Bases of the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins with oblique dark bars, which vary in number and disposition. Fins plain, the anterior dorsal and anal rays slightly darkened. Described from five specimens, 101-135 mm. long. The smallest is in general agreement with Richardson’s figure, though the dark bands are not wider than the interspaces as he shows them, and the abdomen is less angular, and its depth not so great. Our largest specimen, which is figured, differs in having the bands more numerous and the snout gibbous in front of the eyes. Giinther has united A. flavigaster with A. ornata, basing his opinion upon an examination of the types of both forms. We scarcely think the specimens here described and figured can be regarded as forms of A. ornata, since they differ from that species in having the snout oblique instead of subtruncate in adults, and the dark bars on the caudal peduncle single instead of in pairs. If A. flavigaster is correctly associated with A. ornata, our specimens should apparently be identified as 4. amoena, Castelnau. Loc.—Tamar River, Tasmania; off the mouth of the Murray River, South Australia, 20 fathoms; nine to ten miles west of Glenelg, Gulf St. Vincent, 10-12 fathoms. KENTROCAPROS, Kaup. Acerana, subgenus Kentrocapros, Kaup: Arch. fiir Naturg., 1855, xxi., p. 220 (Ostracion hexagonus, Thunberg). This genus is apparently valid. It is allied to Aracana, having the carapace flat above, but the supralateral ridge bears only one large spine; there is a mediolateral ridge armed with more or less numerous spines, and the abdomen is scarcely keeled. Ostracion hexagonus, Thunberg, is synonymous with O. aculeatus, Houttuyn, according to Giinther and Jordan and 493 Fowler, ‘5) but the latter authors have erroneously placed it in the subgenus Capropygia. Aracana spilonota, Gilbert,(9 also belongs to the genus Kentrocapros. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PruateE XVI. Capropygia wunistriata, Kaup Specimen 90 mm. long, Investigator Group, South Amara 37 fathoms. Prate XVII. Anoplocapros lenticularis, Richardson, var. grayi, Kaup. Specimen 230 mm. long, Port Jackson, New South Wales. Pirate XVITI. Anoplocapros gibbosus, n. sp. Type, 250 mm. long, Investi- tor Group, South Australia, 37 fathoms. Prate XIX. Caprichthys gymnura, gen. et. sp. nov. Type, 100 mm. long, Doubtful Island Bay, South-western Australia, 20-25 fathoms. Pratt XX. Aracauna aurita, Shaw. Specimen 205 mm. long, off Flinders Island, Bass Strait. Pirate XXI. Aracuna aurita, Shaw. (?) Young specimen 22 mm. long, Western Port, Victoria. Pirate XXII. Aracana spilogaster, Richardson, var. spinosissima, nov. Type of variety, 160 mm. long, Tasmania. Pruate XXIII. Aracana spilogaster, Richardson, var. angusta, nov. Type of variety, 180 mm. long, east of Flinders Island, Bass Strait. Pratt XXIV. Aracana ornata. Gray. Specimen 114 mm. long, Mouth of the Murray River, South Australia, 20 fathoms. Pratt XXV. Aracana flaviygaster, Gray. Specimen 1385 mm. long, Tamar River estuary, Tasmania. (8) Jordan and Fowler: Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxv., 1902, pp. 283-284; Tanaka: Fig. Descr. Fish. Japan, vii., "1919, D. 119, pls. xxx1: and xxxii. (9) Gilbert: Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., 19038, ii. (1905), p. 626, fig. 242. 494 THE NATIVES OF MAILU: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE ROBERT MOND RESEARCH WORK IN BRITISH NEW GUINEA. By B. Mauinowsx1, Ph.D., Cracow, Robert Mond Travelling Student in the University of London. (Communicated by Dr. Stirling, C.M.G., F.R.S.) [Read October 14, 1915.] PLATES AXVI, ro er TABLE OF CONTENTS. PREFACE INTRODUCTION. Prof. Seligman’s Classification of the Papuo-Melanesians; the Mailu Problem—The Natives of Mailu, or Toulon Island, and the Mailu-speaking Inhabitants of the Mainland—The Ethnic Position of the Mailu; their Relation to the Motu-speaking Tribes; Use of the Motuan Language—Remarks on the Conditions of Work and on the Methods of presenting the Material CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHY. The Country of the Mailu; Rainfall; Rivers; Flora and Fauna; Reefs; Quarries—The Villages—The ee eee bours of the Mailu CHAPTER II. Sec. SocraL Divisions. 1. The Tribe. General Remarks—The Mailu Tribe and the Relations between the Different Villages os 2. The Village Community. The Type of the Mailu Villages; Surroundings; Village ee ne Vil- lage Community as a Social Unit 3. The Dibu (Clan and Subclan). Ibexoniniion, af ihe Clan, the Subclan, and their Relation; the Clubhouse — Sociological Character of the Clan and Subclan ... A. The Household and the Family; Kinship. Household and Family—-Houses and Housebuilding—Kinship CHAPTER III. Sec. TRIBAL Lire. 1. Daily Infe. Division of Daytime—Sleeping—Toilet, Dress, Cleanliness — Meals — Vevéni Custom — Focd: Raw Materials and Preparation—Cooking ard Dishing- Sago Dishes and Coconut Cream—Narcotics 2. Village Life. The Seasons and their Influence upon the Social Life of the Natives—Normal Life in the Village un ae - shee oy Page 496 497 5038 537 Or Or He a 495 3. Sexual Life and Marriage. Sexual Life before Marriage —General Remarks about Marriage—Marriage in its Individual Aspect; Marriage Ceremonies—Relations between a Man and his Wife’s Family as established by Marriage—EHssentials of the Marriage Contract . 4. Children and their Play. Birth and in ee kOhiAhood and Initiation of Boys—Play and i aes Boats and Sailing Games of the Boys 5. Regulation of Public Life; Legal Jrsuntion’ Gira (Taboo). General Remarks—Rudimentary Measurers corresponding to Criminal Law—Taboo (Gé6ra) 6. Warfare and Headhunting CHAPTER IV. Sec. EconoMICcs. 1. Land and Gardens. Land Tenure—Garden Making— The Coconut and Betelnut—Use made of some Jungle Plants of : Be < . Hunting . Fishing Ei se Hf a ae we . Transport and Trade. Tubtaductory Remarks—Descrip- tion of Native Canoes and of Native oe tye of Canoes—Trading Expeditions ... 5. Forms of Work. General Reniunee” Conwiital ibe —Sexual Division of Labour 6. Property and Inheritance. iidna deere Hone Communism—Native View of Economic Value— Inheritance . Industries. imirodeetce Hee poner -Aeneebelle and other Shell Ornaments—Baskets—Stone Imple- ments—Carvings eu Aas fa) ce Be m CO dW “I CHAPTER V. Sec. MaGico-reLicious ACTIVITIES AND BEILIEFs. 1. Dreadful Beings; Spirits; Sorcery. Fear of Darkness— Nature of the Dreaded Beings; the Bard’u—Spirits of the Dead—Karavéni; O’o 4. 2. Magic. Black Magic—White Malic apportioned “s Individuals—Magic of Generali Usage % 3. The Feast (Madina). Sociological Importance ‘x ee Feast—Connection between the Feast and the Dance performed at it—Changes in Village Life when _ the Feast approaches—Series of Minor Feasts and Pre- parations for a Govi Maduna—The Main Feast—Parts played by Different Social Divisions in the Feast ... 4. Death, Burial, and Mourning. General Remarks—The Mourners—The Mour ning—Weeping for the Dead, and Burial; Mortuary Feasts—After Life—Final Mortuary Feast and Treatment of the Skull of the Deceased . CHAPTER VI. ag ART AND KNOWLEDGE. Art. Decorative Art—Dances and Songs ... E, Knowledge. Knowledge of Stars and Weather—Know- ledge of Disease and Doctoring Page. 592 601 606 612 629 634 640 664 685 697 70% 496 PREFACE. The ethnological information presented in this memoir was collected during a stay of six months in Papua, from the beginning of September, 1914, till the end of February, 1915. The expedition was suggested by my friend and teacher, Prof. C. G. Seligman, and its organization and scientific direction has also been in his hands. I owe him a further debt of gratitude in that he has made himself respon- sible for the financing of the expedition, the funds for which were to a great extent supplied by Mr. Robert Mond, F.R.S.E., the well-known scientist and benefactor of science. In every way I am under the greatest obligation to Prof. Seligman, and I hope my work will prove not altogether unworthy of the great trouble and kind care he has taken to make it possible. I would not have been able to conduct my investigations with any hope of success without the kind and very effective assistance given me by the Federal Department of External Affairs, and by the Papuan Government. Both Mr. Atlee Hunt, C.M.G., Secretary to the Commonwealth Department of External Affairs in Melbourne, and His Excellency Judge J. H. P. Murray, Lieutenant-Governor of British New Guinea. have taken a friendly interest in my work and have given me the best opportunities for carrying it out. To both these gentlemen my sincere thanks are due. For much help in my investigations I have to thank the Hon. H. W. Champion, Secretary to the Papuan Govern- ment, and Dr. W. M. Strong, of Port Moresby. I also owe much to the kindness of the Resident Magis- trates of the Divisions which I visited—Mr. L. P. B. Armit, of Abdu; Mr. C. B. Higginson, of Samarai; and Mr. A. H. Symons, of Woodlark Island. In actual field work I have been greatly helped by the Rev. W. J. V. Saville, of the London Missionary Society, missionary in Mailu, and by Mr. Alfred Greenaway, a resi- dent of long standing in that district. I had also the good fortune to meet Dr. A. C. Haddon, F.R.S., in the field during his short visit to Mailu. Prof. E. C. Stirling, C.M.G., F.R.S., of Adelaide, has read and corrected my manuscript and given me his invaluable advice on many points. He has also undertaken to edit this memoir. I owe him personally and scientifically more than mere words of acknowledgment can express. Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer, C.M.G., F.R.S., of Mel- bourne, whose investigations have marked an epoch in ethno- logy, gave me the benefit of his unique experience in field work. The personal interest’ he has been good enough to show he 497 ‘in the work of a beginner has been the greatest encouragement I could have received. | | My thanks are due to Dr.-R. Pulleine, of Adelaide; to Mr. C. Hedley, F.L.S., of the Australian Museum; and to Mr. W. Howchin, F.G.S., Lecturer on Geology in the Uni- ‘versity of Adelaide, for much help given me in connection with the publication of this memoir. The drawings in the text have been executed by Miss P. F. Clarke, partly from actual specimens and partly from rough sketches made in the field. Some parts of the manuscript might have been amplified by adding comparative notes and by incorporating such in- formation as has been obtained among the kindred and neighbouring tribes, the Southern Massim to the east and the Sinaughélo and Motu to the west. JI hope, however, that I shall be able to collect some more material, especially among the Southern Massim of Swd’u and Bénabona, and I am eager to resume field work as soon as possible. B. M. Samarai, Papua, June 9, 1915. INTRODUCTION. Seligmun’s Classification of the Papuo-Melanesians; the Malu Problem .—tIn his well-known treatise on the ‘‘Melanesians of British New Guinea,” Prof. Seligman has laid the founda- ‘tions of Papuo-Melanesian ethnology. He classifies the natives of the territory in the following manner, taking into account physical, linguistic, and cultural data. Calling all the inhabi- tants of the ‘‘Great Island’’ Papuasians, he says: —‘‘The term Papuan will be limited to the, geographically, more western Papuasians, a congeries of frizzly-haired, and often mop- headed, peoples, whose skin-colour is some shade of brownish- black. The eastern Papuasians—that is, the, generally, smaller, lighter coloured, frizzly-haired races of the eastern peninsula of New Guinea and its archipelagos—now require a name, and, since the true Melanesian element is dominant in them, they may be called Papuo-Melanesians.’”’ () — These latter (the Papuo-Melanesians) present again two entirely different types, both from the anthropological (phy- sical) and ethnological (cultural) points of view. In this pamphlet I shall adopt Prof. Seligman’s classification and terminology and, with him, “shall call the two great divisions of the Papuo-Melanesians the Massim (Hastern Papuo-Melane- sians) and the Western Papuo-Melanesians respectively.” (2) Q)C. G. Seligman: ‘‘The Melanesians of British New « fen eek i. fe PS EGIL SSS YSN » ‘SN r Boo ~ NN NOSNTS \ . = Re W/E 0-6 ‘ x ry te ( IGSss Priya de! PRR a NEO Se Ss PUSS SSRI LD. SS c= qi SANA NN SYN - ENCox AOR ANE SH Ee! Yes Sa eosaae SLL RRR CRE RCE BCS ARIS BS SS eC ree 4 ; ws fal i ws oa ws ttt KRANRIR NTS ‘ Ml a fi = See 7 7/1 LS 1407 Ss 4 2 eS: Ek ck 8 SESE eee PON WAGE LSS ERR > LEY gSysig “Ls a iS al ae wee Waker, lA 7 ~ VD N MEN tarot yell NS es eG YA NANS SMyey, EO SACS LAOS LL ig BSCE Be Ne Some , a ha 27 NZI OND TINS rier “ye NSN Se ae oy Neon SCRA SS yy? ps re | sit WANE AFA GSN GSS) SP COS ee, et aN, Vn KS yy ah si oe 2355 Sus ve a7 LD Ol - , 7 - oa PLD Seni tee So See EMM ALE, CS. KS ep ihe ak yy eas POE OER AA EES rae Sy WAZ, FL EN NCO cs ae es EAN a » _ © 174 he SSA rs \ ; LSS ORAL [eI Ae SES UK Ry: ai Ass ae “MIN SHE) KK . \\ ae y NE AS cal is Z Me URE KS SE: st {-S\ \\ 4 mete ey OS SLO) wy i See ; ’ XN SS y HENGE PSSA q (es a < As Cdl ee enitlt cS ’ a7 SS: AX 7 S Mi Noo TS ek ROS Sy) ie x x. AG PIN SSUSs SSS. VIIA <=) SNA SEZ LEEES A O35 a - 7/74 AE ‘\ ESAS pA ARINYS SSF 2S et S Oz as Se OAS es Seba Fig. 15 Ris. 16 Native ARMLETS. Fig. 15. Plaited and ornamented with yellow orchid straw in a zigzag line. Fig. 16. Decorated with yellow orchid straw. the two most usual designs being in the one case a zigzag line (called Gaile tari lébo lébo kao), and in the other consisting of three or four lines parallel to the edge of the armlet (this is called Gaile turt lauroro). The armlets, the belt, and sometimes the perforated lobes of the ears are habitually used as receptacles for trade tobacco, plants, sticks, string, and other small articles. Whenever bulkier things have to be carried for a long distance both men and women use: baskets (comp. chap. iv., sec. 7). The women wear “grass’’ petticoats, and this dress is still universally in use, though it is sometimes supplemented by a singlet worn on the upper part of the body, or, exceptionally, by a ragged, shapeless cloak put over everything. The so-called “‘grass’’ petticoats are made of coconut palm leaves, which are cut into narrow strips with a small sharp shell. The narrower and finer the strips the better the quality and the more festive the garb. The very best examples are very supple, and have the flexibility of a fine fabric. After the leaf has been split into a number of strips it is inserted between two bands of the same kind of native bark (Varu) as is used for making native rope. These form the top of the skirt. The bottom is cut into a straight line. Several of such petticoats are worn one over the other, and the greater the gala the more petticoats are used, so that a fully-dressed native girl 545 invariably suggests the effect and associations of the crinoline. The women wear the same kind of armlets as the men. Meals.—There is only one substantial meal in the twenty- four hours. It is eaten in the afternoon, at sunset, in the Valavitsa hours. What remains over is eaten next morn- ing, but this does not constitute a substantial meal and is eaten cold. There is no meal at mid-day, except during the period of the change of the south-east trade wind into the north-west monsoon, when this is eaten. I was not able to find out the reason for this change of mealtime, but it was stated as a fact, and I was able to verify it by observa- tion in December and January. Nowadays a number of natives have served their terms as plantation boys, or have been in contact with the Mission, or served the white man in some other capacity, and the custom of eating substantially two or three times a day largely pre- vails over the old arrangement. I was, however, assured by all my informants that in the olden days a man would never eat much in the morning or think of eating before sunset. (25) The inmates of each house eat their meal in common, sitting on the verandah. Relatives and friends from other houses are often present, and are invariably invited to partake of the meal. The men and women eat at the same time, sitting in one circle—the men in a group near the front of the house, he women on the women’s side. The food is portioned out tc. everybody in a separate dish or basket (see below). Although friends from the same village are not ashamed, or afraid, to eat with their hosts, strangers from another tribe would not partake of the food in the presence of others. Jgua, a Motu of Hlevdla, who came as my “boy” to Mailu, could never be induced to eat food given him by any of his numerous friends in the village. Whenever he happened to assist me at a native repast he took his share away to eat it in solitude at his own encampment. I was assured that this was the right thing to do, and that no native would ever eat publicly in a strange village ; if, however, there were several natives of one tribe in a strange place they would not be ashamed to eat in public. In the olden days, when Dubwu houses existed, strangers were entertained there, and there they got their food. The Dubu was also the eating-place of the bachelors and of such married and old men who chose to take their meals there. Their food was sent by their respective mothers or wives. Vevént Custom.—Besides supplying food for its inmates, every household is obliged to distribute a certain amount of food to other related families. The amount of food given (23) This applies also to the Motu. =) 546 away, and the number of households to whom it was presented, varies with the abundance of food cooked that day, but there is a certain minimum of people who must be thus treated every day. This custom is called Vevéni (in Motu, Hierahia), and as far as I have been able to ascertain it prevails among all the Papuo-Melanesians. This Vevéni food must, in the first place, be sent to the father’s house, in the case in which the father and son do not live under one roof. Then come the ‘“‘own’’ (blood) brothers, and afterwards, when food is plentiful, the first paternal and maternal cousins and the uncle are presented with food. Of course, the same people return the presents to the donor in a corresponding degree of frequency and abundance. As a rule the natives, when asked to which houses they send the Vevént, give a definite number, which is usually some three to five, a fact which shows that normally there is a fixed number of people with whom the interchange of food takes place. If food is scarce, and both his parents dead, he gives the Vevéni to his elder and younger own brothers, and to his sister. If he has sufficient food he shares it with his half-brother and half-sister, of the same father but of different mothers. In cases of exceptional abundance he sends food to his paternal and maternal cousins (tribal brothers) in equal shares. Food: Raw Materials and Preparation of Food.—The animal food of the natives consists of game, such as pigs, wallabies, kangaroos, rats, bandicoots, cuscus, and various birds, and of fishes and shellfish. The inland Magi had a better supply of land game and the Toulon islanders had a greater abundance of fish, but all the villagers are both hunters and fishermen (see chap. iv.). Moreover, fish seems to be a much more easily and regularly accessible form of food for those natives who live near the sea than game is for the inland natives. Pork is derived from two sources— the wild boar, which is hunted, and the pigs that are bred in the village. The village pigs, which are the more valued, are killed only on the occasions of important feasts (cf. chap. VS, Secs a): y agetable food is undoubtedly far more important in native households than animal food. In the Mailu district, as in all wet regions of Papua, the predominant vegetable food consists of bananas and taro, bananas occupying the first place. Of these there are very many kinds indigenous to the country, and now there are, besides, several introduced sorts. There are four kinds of indigenous taro and four kinds of yams. There is another tuber, called in Motu Taitu, of which there are several varieties. Sago grows in many places, and every village pos- sesses its sago swamp and coconut plantation. Nowadays the 547 introduced sweet potatoes and pawpaw constitute an extremely important item in native housekeeping. The bananas are eaten ripe as a fruit, but their chief culinary use is to be eaten as vegetables, for which purpose they are used in the green, unripe state. They are not peeled, but only cleaned and their ends cut off. The taro is cleaned, scraped, and, when it is very bulky, chopped into large chunks. The same applies to the yam and Taitu roots, and to the sweet potato—a recent introduction to Papuan soil. The pawpaw is also used green, as a vegetable. The scraping of the taro, yam, and 7'aitw is done with a Cypraea tigris shell (Guna) cut in half and sharpened. Taro and yams are chopped into pieces with a pearl shell (Meleagrina sp.; in Mailu, Orava) sharpened into a fine blade. The scraping of bananas is also performed with a shell, of which two kinds are used, one very small and called Kw’s’2, and the other slightly larger and called Nihka’i’:; both are of the same shape. Bis. 17. VEGETABLE AND ERuIT SCRAPERS. Fig. 17. Guna, a vegetable scraper, made of the top half of a Cypraea shell, sharpened into a blade at the end A. Fig. 18. A small, naturally sharp-edged, bivalve shell, used as scraper; called Kuw’i’i (smaller species) and Nika’?’i (larger species). Cooking and Dishing-wp.—If the food is boiled, both vegetable and animal foods are cooked in the same pot. There are three methods of cooking used by the Mailu natives: boiling, roasting, and baking with hot stones. Boiling (Daridari; 1n Motu, Nadia) is done in one of the large earthenware pots, which are manufactured on Toulon Island and in its direct colonies (Domdra, Oraido, and s2 eee 548 Kurére). Leaves, usually those of the banana, are put at the bottom of the pot, the food is placed on top of them, and is again covered with leaves. Some water is poured in, but not in sufficient quantity to swamp the whole contents of the pot, so that the process is rather one of steaming than of boiling. The result is generally very palatable, though not equally appetising at all times. The process of boiling does not require more than about one hour at the outside. It is done on the verandah if there is no wind, or in the room, when there is too much breeze. The pot is supported by three stones of regular shape and equal size, the sticks of firewood being inserted radially into the spaces between the stones. Sometimes old damaged pots are used as supports instead of the stones. After the food has been boiled the solid substance is distributed into wooden platters or baskets. There are two kinds of the former, one circular and flat, with a scroll orna- ment on the upper border ; this is called Gaéba, and is manu- factured in the Massim area. The best specimens, however, Te ‘ { Na << Le ENS e ‘ . Se Ne SSN TANG Ww \\ Kos Spec d SY a. y = = i es ~ wie \ aN ‘ W/) eat = se ! & \A =F pfs aed é j AN Hg \ 1 ’ ae | > fe a ee ‘ ae we ia < < ON = Fic. 19. Woopen Disu (Gaéba), used in Mailu but manufactured in the Massim area, especially in the Trobriand Islands. 549 come from the Trobriands and Woodlark Island, and they are also manufactured by the Southern Massim. The other form of wooden platter, called in Mailu Ab6ma, is oblong, and may be described as boat-shaped. They are sometimes manufactured locally, but their real home seems to be Hood Bay, where they are made by the ANerepina. They are also used by the Motu of Hanuabada, who, however, do not themselves make them, but trade them from the Hood Bay natives. Their Motu name Fig. 20. Ostone Woopen Disu (Abodma). is Dihu.() (See pl. xxxii., figs. 1 and 2, where Abdémas of an exceptionally large size are shown). The baskets, called Vo’obdea, used at times for dishing-up solid food, are rather roughly made of plaited coconut palm leaf (comp. chap. iv., sec. 7). The solid food is eaten with the fingers, or, if it is hot or bulky, with one-pronged forks, made either of wood or of a pointed wallaby bone. (2) The liquid obtained by boil- ing. yicalled’~ Ji Gn. ~~ Motu, Vasiadhu), is ladled out of the pot by means of the Bio. This is the half of a coconut shell, with all the soft material removed from both the outside and inside, and sometimes with the brim serrated by way of ornamentation. ‘There is also a slight prominence on one part of the rim, which serves as a rudimentary handle. In the second form of cooking (called Gdbu-gabu; in Motu, Gabua) the food is roasted over the fire or placed in hot ashes. Hatvep Coconut SHELL, Bio, used as a spoon. (24) The circular wooden dishes do not reach as far as Hanuabada, where their place is taken by the round earthenware plates called Kibo, or, if larger, Na@’u, which are manufactured locally. (25)T did not make a note of the Mailu names for forks. In Motu the bone fork is called Diniga and the wooden one Nébo. 550 The third method in use among the Mailu is baking by means of heated stones (called Ponda; in Motu, Amdo). In this a layer of stones (not heated) is first put on the bottom of a hole dug in the ground, and on these some heated stones, on which the food to be baked is placed; then on the top of the food more hot stones, and finally a layer of banana leaves. It is to be noted that the three processes are by no means used indiscriminately, or side by side. Wherever and whenever the pot and other requisites are available boiling is much preferred by the natives. Soup (Riu) is very highly appre- ciated, and boiled food is considered altogether superior. The method of baking between stones is said to have been practised formerly (before the white man’s influence) by all, or nearly all, the inland d/dg:, especially by those on hostile terms with the Mailu islanders, who had the monopoly in pot-making. Nowadays, friendly relations and trading having been estab- lished between all the J/dqi-speaking people, boiling is the only method of cooking in use, except under special cireum- stances. Baking or roasting is resorted to in cases of emergency on hunting expeditions, or when on marches, etc., water is not available. There is also a series of taboos which, in certain cases, forbid the use of boiled food and only permit. of roasted or baked nourishment (comp. chap. u1., sec. 5, and chap. v.). Sago Dishes and Coconut Cream.—Although the native food presents a considerable variety, owing to the number of available plants, they have no different dishes, in our culinary sense of the word, and the food stuff retains its name after it has been cooked. The only exception to this culinary sameness is the sago, which can be prepared in several ways, thus yield- ing different dishes called by different names. The sago (Odei; in Motu, dabia) emerges from the manufacturing process as a dirty white mass of farinaceous nature, wrapped in leaves and tied up into long, sausage-like parcels about sixty inches in length and ten inches in diameter (comp. chap. iv., sec. 1). This mass is sometimes eaten raw, but more usually it is prepared and cooked. If the finely crumbled material is boiled into a porridge with green coconut milk and brine it is called Patstra. In Motu, sago porridge is called Jara, and is usually boiled in wallaby or fish broth. Slightly larger pieces of sago, similarly boiled in coconut milk and brine, are called Géda (in Motu, Bakibdaki). Still larger sago dumplings are called Bina veldru (in Motu, Mdanemane, but the Motu do not use salt water in boiling sago); and meat patties made of sago are called Vbuibu. To make these a taro or banana leaf is taken, some sago is put upon it, then a piece of fish or meat, this being again covered with sago, and the whole, wrapped 551 in the leaf, is boiled. Gumz is a dish prepared of scraped coconut and pounded sago, mixed together and kneaded into balls or sausages, which are boiled. Sometimes sago, wrapped in a taro or banana leaf, is simply baked in the open fire, in which case it is called Bomu. Another kind of sago dish is called Véva; two small parcels of sago, wrapped in banana leaf are made, and a large flat stone is heated in the fire. Then the sago parcels are put on either side of the stone, and Fig. 23. WoopEN SPATULAS. Fig. 22. Géda kdtsi. Wooden spatula, with a short handle, used for stirring the sago (Géda dish). Fig. 23. Patsiri kdtsi, wooden spatula, with long handle, used to stir the sago porridge (Patsiri). Blade length, 25 cm. Total length, 120 cm. There are longer specimens in use (comp. pl. xxxii., fig. 2). 552 the whole is wrapped up in a big banana leaf and left until the sago is cooked. (2%) The cooking of sago in the methods first-mentioned is done in the ordinary clay pots, and in contrast with the boiling or steaming of the vegetables, which needs no stirring, the sago boiling requires the constant use of aspoon. For this purpose large wooden spoons, or, rather, flat spatulas, are used. Some of these are provided with very long handles, thus permitting the stirring well away from the fire (see figs. 22 and 23, and pl. xxxu., fic. 2). Perhaps the most important seasoning and culinary ingredient in Mailu cooking, as well as in that of all the other coastal natives, is the coconut cream, Goro géro (in Motu, Dehoro). It is the only regular source of fat in the natives’ diet, and it renders his food both nourishing and palat- able. To obtain it a ripe coconut is broken and the interior scraped with a piece of shell, which is usually cut into an oval shape and serrated on one side (see fis. 24). This instrument is named Kazkéa.(2) The scrapings are soaked with water and squeezed, or they are sometimes strained through a basket, especi- ally when the coconut cream (Dehoro) is manufactured on a large scale on festive occasions (see pl. xxxil., fig. 1), and is eaten as a sauce practically with all the solid food, except when the coco- nut taboo has to be observed Katkoa, a shell, — (comp. sec. 5 of this chapter). serous Hy ihe ond. jAteissused Sometimes, as mentioned above, es ae the food is boiled with Dehéro. The jungle supplies the natives with a certain amount of fruit, such as native mangos, mangosteens, a fruit called Fig. 24. Coconut ScrareEr. (26)The Motu prepare sago by boiling it with ripe bananas and call it Purirdri. Small dumplings of ripe banana and sago. (Dia), wrapped in banana leaves, are boiled in water and eaten with Kétara, which is boiled coconut cream (Dehoro). Sago porridge boiled in Dehdro is named Jdra, as just mentioned. (27) Besides the serrated pearl shell, other shells are used as inferior implements, notably a large V enus, called Eira. Nowa- days natives often use large and complicated scrapers supplied by the white man’s trade. 553 Gaméla, and several others, the names of which I did not record, that are eaten raw. Narcotics.—As narcotics the natives use tobacco and areca nut. A native tobacco was used before the advent of the white man, but nowadays twisted trade tobacco—called uni- versally in Papua AKuku—is exclusively smoked, at any rate by the coastal natives. They use the often-described method of smoking through a bamboo pipe (Bdubéu), which is pro- vided with a small hole to hold a cigarette. The tobacco, which is cut and kneaded, is rolled into cigarette form in a leaf, of which there are several kinds, called Vd’pera. The cigarette is inserted in the hole, and by inhaling at the mouth end the Baubdu is filled with smoke. The smoker then removes the cigarette and draws in the smoke through the hole jin which this has been inserted. As a rule one person—usually a young boy, and in any case the youngest member of the gathering—performs the function of filling the tube with smoke and of handing it round. Smoking is a social business, and whenever there is a gathering of any kind a Bdubdu is essential. There are at present scarcely any of the richly ornamented bamboo pipes in Mailu, as they belong to other parts of the territory. I was informed that the Mailu know how to ornament the Baubdu, but evidently they are either only poor experts in the art or else they do not care very much for it, as I do not remember seeing a single carved or burned Baubdwu in Mailu, though they are plentiful in some other villages. A social function analogous to that played by tobacco smoking is that of betel chewing. The ingredients here are: The areca nut (IVénz; in Motu, Biataw), the wood and bark of betel pepper (in Motu, Pd6po), some leaves (betel leaves ?), and lime. The latter is carried about in the lime gourds which .form one of the most characteristic accessories of a New Guinea native. The lime is used by stirring it up with, usually, a spatula—-a kind of wooden knife—or sometimes with a pointed bone, from which the lime is licked off. Mailu natives, however, do not manufacture either the gourds or spatulas with any really artistic execution, though they possess some of the well-known ebony carvings of the Northern Massim which are used as spatulas. Not only are the spatulas manufactured in the locality poor and without characteristic features, but the Mailu, in contrast to their neighbours, the Massim of Benabéna and Sudu, do not really care for the finer specimens. These two groups, though as a rule unable to produce the fine carvings of the Trobriand islanders, import and value them, and are very loath to part with them. 554 2. VILLAGE LIFE. The Seasons and their Influence wpon the Social Life of the Natives.—The village lfe varies with the seasons. There is a season for dancing and feasting; much thought is then given to these activities, and on their advent the whole character of the village changes. There are times when there is much fishing and times when hardly a native takes out a net, though women go out by night and search the reef with torches for frutte di mare. The trading expeditions are carried out at fixed times in the year, and the gardening activities are, of course, periodical, and regulated by the seasons. Thus it is necessary to give an outline of a native’s year and the way in which it is divided. The special activi- ties (feasts, economic activities, dancing) will be treated in subsequent chapters; in this paragraph I shall speak of what. may be called the normal village life, that is of the aspect of the village, as it is when there is nothing special going on. Seasons; Native Division of the Y ear.—The Papuan year is naturally divided into two halves; the time when the south- east trade wind is blowing (May till November), and the summer, during which the north-west monsoon is_ pre- valent (January till March), there being about a month’s interval, during which the wind changes and there is very little breeze. The trade wind blows steadily, commencing every day before noon, reaching its climax at about four in the afternoon, and dying away at night. Any other wind at that season is exceptional, there being even very little land breeze at night. The monsoon does not blow steadily, but it occasionally comes down in violent gusts (called Guba in Motu). There blows sometimes the southerly wind during the north-western season, and, as a rule, the land breeze is fairly strong at night. All the coastal natives naturally regulate their social life with reference to this seasonal bipartition and divide the year into two halves, vz., in Mailu, Bodéa; in Motu, Laurabdda (the south-east trade season); and, correspondingly, A vara and Lahdra (north-west monsoon time, or summer). Besides these main divisions the Mailu natives have further subdivisions, distinguishing several seasons or times ( Wdna) in the year. These are named after natural phenomena. The names of the two main divisions are also derived from the same source: Bodéa meaning, in the first place, the south- east trade wind, from which both the south-eastern direc- tion and the winter season have been named. Avdra was originally the name of the north-west monsoon, and also means the north-western direction and north-western season. As wind names the two words are substantives; in direction 555 and season naming they are used in an adjectival form: Bodéa avra meaning the south-eastern side or directiun, Bodéa wana the south-eastern season, Avdra avra the north- western side or direction, and Avdra wdna the north-west monsoon season. (2°) The Mailu seasons are not related to the changes of the moons, though some of my informants designated them as moons (Dovére). This seems, however, to be due to the influence of the Motu language, which I used in talking with the Mailu natives, the Motuans having names for the thirteen moons (lunar months). (29) The proper word to designate the Mailu year divisions is Vana (time, season), and not Dovére (moon). These divi- sions are only loosely defined, being determined by winds, flowering of certain plants, and by other phenomena which, though regularly occurring, lack the precision of astronomical phenomena. The Mailu natives seem to place the beginning of the year somewhere about the end of December and the beginning of January, at least they usually start the enumeration of their seasons with that time, which is the period when the first gusts of the monsoon set in. The season is named (28) It is the same in the Motuan language. The substantives Laurabada and Lahdra mean the south-east trades and the north-west monsoon respectively; adjectively, the words are used in Laurabdda kaha, the south-eastern side or direction, and Lahara kaha, the north-western direction. Also Laurabdéda or Lahdva néganai, the south-eastern or north-western season; literally, in the time of the Laurabdda or Lahadra. (29)The Motu divide their year into 13 moons, the beginning of the year being somewhere in January. It is determined by the position of Pleiades, so that the first moon usually falls into its right place in the astral year. (30) This coincidence between our, European, beginning of the year and what I am calling here ‘‘the native beginning,’ is hardly due to the influence of missionaries or of other white men. In the mind of the native there is good reason for calling this time the beginning of the year, for this is the time when they commence making new gardens—the most important activity among the majority of the inland tribes, who are agriculturists. Again, on the sea, this time marks the beginning of the monsoon; the shorter, but more interesting period. All along the coast this is also the period when important sailings take place. Thus among the Motu the Hiri, or great expedition to the gulf, returns with sago; the Huld’a make their Hirs to Hanuabada and the Mailu make their departure for Aréma. Again, at that time the big feast is either over (Southern Massim, Mailu mainland) or (exceptionally, as in Mailu village) it is in immediate approach. This change of seasons (December-January) is decidedly much more likely to appeal to the natives’ imagination than the other one (April-May). 556 after the wind 4A vara kiwanai, which means ‘‘small A vdra.’” At that period there is lttle or no day fishing, but at night the reef is searched with torches. Some sailing and trading is done, the land breeze at night being favourable to voyages in any direction along the coast. If the big annual feast is belated it may fall within this period, in which case there is much trading and sailing done during the small Avdra. In any case, the natives sail at this season westwards to Léa to get sago and to JIMagaubo (Table Point), where they get the Akai, a small kind of areca nut. They come back home easily with the strong monsoon.) This season corresponds: to our months of January and February. After Avdra kiwonat comes the Avdra ogéda, or big Avdra, so named after the force of the monsoon. This is also the real wet season, during which there is not much sailing or fishing, and the festivities as a rule are over. It comprises, roughly, the second half of March and April, and towards the end of it the gardens are being planted. The next season is called 7'seléwo. It is subdivided into: T. gogétsa, which means the point, the front, or the begin- ning of Tsiléwo; T. ogéda, the big, or full, Tsléwo; and 7. lé6bo, or the breaking up of the 7'st/é6wo season. This period is named after the high, rank Lalang grass which covers the slopes of the hill on Toulon Island and many patches in the jungle of the district. The grass flowers at about this time (May and later). The beginning of the 7'stléwo season is marked by the appearance of the flowers; then these ripen into fruit and disperse their fluffy seeds, which marks the end of the seascn. On the mainland the natives are engaged with their gardens, and the Mailu islanders begin their fish- ing. They go to JMagatbo (Table Point) to catch the Ume fish, which they smoke. During this season the monsoon subsides, there is a time of calm, and the south-east trade wind begins. The same season is also called after the pheno- menon of the drying of the reef (Lagdru wura=dry reef). Another characteristic name for this season is Boréwo bouar, which means blowing the petticoats awry, in reference to the effect of the first strong gales of the south-eastern breeze. The Boréwo béuai overlaps the Tsiléwo 16bo—the breaking up of the 7'siléwo season, which occurs about the middle of July. After this comes the Viniu season, named after a tree which sheds its leaves in the middle of winter (July, August). The next season (September) is called Batu. This is the name of the characteristic buds of the Vaniw leaves which begin to appear about a month after the tree has shed (31)Comp. chaps. iv. and v., where native trading and its connection with native festivals are described. 557 its leaves. The whole of this season is also called sometimes by the name of Awrari. This would cover our months of July (second half), August, and September. The spring is named after the Lidro tree, which is flower- ing and fruiting at this time (October till December). This season is divided into LZ. gogétsa, the beginning of the Lidro, and L. ogdda, the full, or big Lidro. This is perhaps the most pleasant season, there being no rain or squalls, while the weather is cool, owing to the continuance of the south-east wind. It is the best time for sailing, as the prevail- ing wind will easily carry westward, and the return journey may be made with the land breeze, or with one of the first blows of the monsoon. It is the time for dancing and preparing for the big annual feast, and consequently it is also the time for love-making. Very often the big feast is ’ held during the Lidro, as well as all the preparatory sailing and trading. The natives consider the Lidro as the pleasantest and most important time of the year, and the word for year is Lidrc. The last part of the Liéro is named Obuwu, after the fruit of the Lzdro tree, and it is just at the time when this fruit begins to turn brown and ripe that the Avdra (north- west monsoon) begins to blow. Normal Life in the Viilage.—As mentioned above, the villagers are busiest in the morning and late afternoon. The mid-day hours are spent in a siesta, unless work is pressing ; then, as-a rule, the village looks dead and deserted. Some exceptionally industrious women—and usually you see the same over and over again—will sit the whole day long on the sand under the house making pots. Or some men will finish making arm-shells, so as to have something to trade with. Again during the Zidro and Avdra seasons, when there is much sailing done, the whole male population, at times, leaves Mailu village, and such villages as Awrére and Loupém, where there are many canoes. The women and children follow the men in great numbers, so that the village is practically deserted. This is undoubtedly an innovation since, before the white man’s influence, it would not have been safe to leave the village defenceless but for the presence of a few weak people. But even in olden days the intensity of village life must have varied greatly with the season. Early in the morning the village is very busy. People eat their frugal morning meals and prepare for their day’s work. The time at which they start for their gardens or other work varies with the distance. On Mailu Island the gardens are close at hand; in the mainland villages thy are often fairly remote. The day is usually spent out of the village in one or other of the economic occupations (gardening, fishing, 558 hunting, sailing), those remaining behind devoting themselves to siesta. In the afternoon the women return from the gradens, carrying vegetables and firewood, and water in water-bottles. An hour or two before sunset the meal is prepared and put on the fire. In the evening, if it be the proper season, there is some dancing in the village; otherwise the people sit in groups and talk. At such times the fronts of the verandahs are crowded, the men in some houses sitting on the verandah, in others the women gathering together on the front. There is a marked separation of the sexes in the village life. At daytime, when at work, there is the man’s end of the verandah—the front; and the women’s—the rear end. Not that there would be any taboo or even customary restriction in this respect, but, normally, one sees the men in the front part and the women busy round the fireplace behind. If there is anything going on in the street there will be in some houses women in the front of the verandah; but usually they keep to themselves. The groups in the street, on the beach, behind the houses, and on the bush side of the village are formed by members of one sex only. Men and women con- verse freely in public and approach each other, but it is not the right thing for a boy and girl to talk together in public for any length of time, and husband and wife do not associate in the street. When I approached a group of women my native interpreters and informants usually drifted away, or sat discreetly at a distance, never freely joining the circle of women. There is, in fact, a great deal of decorum in the relation of the sexes in public, a man never paying too much attention to a woman in public. There is also what might be called a distinct feeling of decency, without giving this term its strict, moral European meaning. My informants would not talk loudly of certain subjects on the verandah, for fear that women might hear from the adjoining houses, although hardly any woman was able to understand Motu, in which the conversation was carried on.(52) And once, in the course of inquiring about man’s dress in olden days, I was warned not to talk loudly in public about the Bwi, or arrangement of the perineal band; in fact, I was asked not to say this word loudly, as everybody would be ashamed, and, (32) Men learn Motu when working in plantations, or when in jail, or when in contact with the native constabulary. The mem- bers of the latter all speak Motu, as they are recruited from: all tribes, and had to adopt some common language. Women have none of those opportunities. Thus Motu has become distinctly a man’s language. In Mailu few men, especially those under forty, do not speak it, but there is not a single woman who can speak this language. 559 indeed, I saw that my informants would feel seriously uneasy at such a breach of étiquette. I was told at one time that men would never mention before women any words or topics that would be considered indecent in our sense of the term. The division into clans is quite marked in village life, members of the same clan associating much more closely than those of different clans. The people naturally keep to the neighbourhood of their houses when they go out into the street or on the beach, and squat down to work or gossip, or, as is most usual, to do both at the same time. Unless on business, it is not usual for people to intrude upon the grounds of another clan. The groups of women engaged in pottery-making, or the men in making arm-shells, etc., sit in the portion of street or beach adjoining the houses of their clan, and the dancers, who for months rehearse the dance before the feast, do so in front of the houses of the clan that is giving the feast. 3. SexuaL LiFE AnD MARRIAGE. Sexual Life before Marriage.—The love affairs of the Mailu youths and maidens are settled in the manner typical to the Papuo-Melanesians, which has been described by Prof. Seligman in the case of the Aotta.() As there are, how- ever, notable differences in details, the general tone of the whole proceedings being perhaps slightly stricter and more decorous in Mailu than amongst the Port Moresby tribes, it will be necessary to give a full account of the erotic life of the Mailu. The boys and girls have perfect freedom to please them- selves in choosing their lovers and in managing their intrigues. This does not mean, of course, that there is anything like a promiscuous intercourse or even anything approaching licentiousness in sex matters. The stern correctness observed in public life penetrates into the privacy of love-making. A girl who changes her lover often is considered decidedly open to blame; a girl once betrothed is bound to keep chaste, the same rule of conduct applying to a boy. And far from being polite and easy-going towards strangers in these matters, as is the case with the Massim,(4 the Mailu would never allow a stranger to approach their women. This puritan feature is shown nowadays in the fact that it is more difficult for a white man to obtain favours from Mailu women than it is in any other coastal districts; this was the verdict of all the competent white Papuans I consulted on the matter. And when, a few years ago, a beachcomber persuaded a a married (33) Cf. Seligman, ‘‘Melanesians,’’ chap. iv., p. 76. (34)C. G. Seligman, ‘‘Melanesians,”’ p. 561. 560 Mailu woman to elope with him, public opinion was so strong that the Mailu village constables handcuffed the man, and had to suffer afterwards for thus exceeding their powers. The prenuptial sexual relations are subject to the rules of exogamy, and clan exogamy regulates both marriage and extraconnubial intercourse, though not with strict rigidity; in fact, there are to my knowledge two cases, one in Mailu and one in Aurére, of endogamous marriage—endogamous not only with reference to the clan, but even to the subclan. These two cases refer to rather old men, who, so far as I could ascertain, had married before the white man’s influence had made itself felt. They are stamped by the natives as in- stances of wrong marriage, and it is said that such provoke both indignation and derision. But apparently there has been no attempt at interference or punishment in these in- stances, and when things had settled down the men concerned seemed to enjoy their due share of public respect. To return to prenuptial relations, the custom of having a sweetheart is called Ui’w. The young man calls his mis- tress Ur’ ui avétsa (Avétsa=woman). From the confidences of several young sparks of the village of Mailu, I have been able to construct the course of native flirtation. It seems that the initiative comes from the young girl. A girl who fancies a boy might ask him for a piece of betelnut or a bit of tobacco, when they meet casually on the way to the gardens, or during the dances, or on any other occasion when men and women come momentarily into contact without attracting attention, and the boy would naturally grant her request. After several such hints, the boy would seize the first opportunity of approaching the girl again on an occa- sion when he could do so without drawing the eye of public opinion upon them, and he would then spontaneously offer her a small gift of AKukw (tobacco) or betel. At this the girl with “‘natural astonishment’’ would ask, ‘“‘Why do you give me this?’’ to which would reply the boy, ‘‘Because I love you.’’ And very likely they would arrange, then and there, for a further meeting. The rendezvous would take place in the girl’s house at a time which would be sufficiently late to give an ample margin for all the other inmates to be asleep. The boy, seeing that all is dark and quiet, would climb up the verandah and try to find the girl in the appointed corner, and she would carefully ascertain by touching his face and ornaments that it is the right person. They would talk to each other in undertones, taking great care not to be heard or detected by the other inmates of the house or by any of the neighbours. There was some disagreement between my in- formants as to whether the girl’s family and the neighbours 561 really do not know—and must not know—what is going on, or whether they more or less admittedly wink at the pro- ceedings. I should be inclined to think the latter. Anyhow, even in the case of detection there would be no punishment for the offenders, though some fuss and a bit of abuse might make the next evening unpleasant. The thing is, or ought to be, kept a secret from the other boys of the village, only the nearest friend (Gaidi) or friends of the man concerned being in the confidence. Kissing was, of course, not known by the natives of Mailu before the white man’s advent. I was told, however, that the younger generatiou Lave acquired that habit from the Europeans, and that they seem rather to appreciate it. The usual form of flirting was for the boy to sit close to his sweetheart, holding her hand or her breast, and talking in undertones. (55) It is very characteristic—and the emphatic consensus of all my informants leaves no doubt on the point—that in cases when the young man has serious matrimonial plans there is no sexual intercourse between the two. In that case the two spend the evening, often late into the night, merely talking. On the other hand, if the boy does not want to marry the girl, intercourse takes place, though even in such a case matrimony may evolve in the course of time. Anyhow, I was assured that the boy not unfrequently plans and sug- gests marriage when the first rendezvous is appointed, and that in such a case he would not make any sexual advances. 56) Moreover, the boy would not pronounce the name of his fiancée in addressing her, which interdiction obtains also between husband and wife. (35) Among the Motu the right conventional attitude whilst courting was for the boy to sit on the knees of his mistress (Sthari). (36) This version is confirmed by the identical state of things to be found among the Motu, Koita, and Sinaugholo. The boy would never cohabit with his sweetheart if she was betrothed to him by the Mdo-héni (Motu language) form of marriage (this form of marriage is called in Sinaugholo, Kilakaw). If originally he did not overtly declare his matrimonial intentions, a boy might have an intrigue with his mistress (Motu, Sihari; Koita, Swarr; Sinaugholo, Kologhdna). He could in course of time make up his mind and marry her, in which case the marriage form is called in Motu, Herdhe; in Koita, Iriri; in Sinaughoélo, Véga’ra-ghoréma. At any rate, the fact that the time of engagement is free from prenuptial intercourse stands above doubt in these tribes as well as in the Mailu. I had exceptionally good information on this point in the Sinaughdlo, as I was admitted into the confidence of a smart and fast set of Ligo young men, who discussed matters among themselves and told their experiences in my presence in Motu, which they all speak as a second mother-tongue. 562 A girl who has had many intrigues is said to be less desirable as a wife; at any rate, she could not be married by betrothal (see below). If the boy wishes to marry (whether he has treated his sweetheart as fiancée or as mistress) he makes his appearance at her house one evening in a noisy and ostentatious manner. He goes straight to the fireplace, and does not try to conceal his presence or to keep quiet; good form, however, requires that the girl’s people should feign sleep. Next day the girl’s parents go to the house of the father of the boy and, accusing him of intruding into their home, allude to marriage. As the boy’s behaviour is an indication of his willingness, there is no difficulty in settlin® matters. Besides these settled relations between a girl and a boy there seem to be at times general flirtations amongst a group. of boys and girls, but, so far as I am aware, they only talk, though they possibly form preferences and arrange for meet- ings; no licence, however, is incidental to such gatherings. In such cases some of the girls assemble in the house of one of them, and the boys try to find it—a search in which they do not, of course, meet with great difficulties. The elders, in all probability, assemble in the upper thatched room while the young people meet in the verandah. The only time when there seems to be any licence beyond the Ui’wi relationships is during the big annual feast (comp. chap. v.); in fact the dancing, which takes place with in- creased intensity during the few days of the feast, seems to be associated with opportunities for short-lived intrigues, and occasionally there even seem to be features of licentiousness, groups absconding together; but on this point my inform- ants do not agree. I have been told by Mr. Greenaway that the observation by women of taboos before the feast is associated with the idea of the preventative properties of those taboos. The young girls and young married women, as well as the men, abstain from drinking fresh water and eating boiled food, eating only roast food and drinking the milk of roasted green coco- nuts. They also drink and rinse their mouths with salt water. This, I am told, is supposed to prevent conception, to which accident the licence associated with the feasts is thought to. predispose. Thus the connection between cohabitation and conception seems to be known among the Mailu, but to direct inquiries. as to to the cause of pregnancy I did not obtain emphatic and positive answers. The natives—of this I am positive— do not clearly grasp the idea of the connection between the two facts, just as they do not grasp the connection between 563 illness, bodily decay, and death. From several informants I got the answer that possibly the two things are connected ; but, like Prof. Seligman among the Aoita, I found the firm belief that it is only continuous intercourse—for a month or more—that leads to pregnancy, and that one single act is not sufficient to produce the result. This may explain the ideas and practices of the preventative taboo just mentioned. Neither do the natives seem to trouble very much about the casual connection in point. Ignorant of the physiological knowledge we possess, they approach in this connection the standpoint of the Arwnta and the many other aboriginal tribes of Australia, amongst whom Prof. Spencer and Mr. Gillen have found a complete ignorance on this point, associated with a belief in totemic incarnation. JI was, however, unable to discover any beliefs in supernatural causes of pregnancy or magical means to produce or prevent it. It must be noted that even the taboos before the J/aduna (feast) do not mean so much that the natives know the -con- nection in question, as that they are afraid of conception during the feast time—a fear which might as well be based on an original belief in supernatural incarnation as on a knowledge of the real association. The state of affairs in sex matters seems also to accord with slackness of native induction. There are very few virgins among the grown-up marriageable girls, and yet illegitimate children are rare, if not altogether absent—a somewhat mysterious state of things, which has been found by Prof. Seligman to exist among the Southern Massim‘7) With the assistance of a white resident in the district of over twenty years’ standing, who is himself married to a native woman of Mailu village, I inquired into the matter as carefully as I could. My friend informed me that, in spite of his strenuous attempts to discover a native preventative of conception, he failed to find any, and that the natives always told him that they knew of none. Abortion is undoubtedly practised by both married and unmarried women; but, as among the Massim, it is not frequent, especially in the case of the un- married. It would seem, therefore, that the women have some means of guarding against an undesired conception. Thus the matter is obscure, and needs explanation. (37) ‘Another puzzling feature of the licence undoubtedly per- mitted throughout the Massim area is the very small number of illegitimate births which take place. Wherever the confidence of the natives was gained it was admitted that abortion was induced, but the most careful inquiries failed to produce evidence that the practice was as frequent as might be expected consider- ing the prevailing liberty.’’—Seligman, ‘‘Melanesians,’’ p. 500. 564 There is no licence on the part of married women in any form or under any circumstance, and adultery was in all cases considered a_ serious offence, which was sometimes punished by death (see chap. i11., sec. 5). During the menses (called Laro, which means blood) the woman is isolated, and she usually sleeps in a small temporary hut erected near the house or in the woman’s corner of the house. She is never sexually approached during the pericd. I was told by one of my informants, a very intelligent and trustworthy man, that menstruation only takes place just about new moon. When, however, I tried to check this state- ment by inquiry of other men, it was neither corroborated nor denied, they saying that they did not know anything about this purely feminine subject. But I have reasons to assume that the statement represents the woman’s view. I could not, of course, ascertain the actual truth; but even if this be merely the belief of the Mailu women, it is of great interest. Not one of my informants was aware that pregnancy can be diagnosed by the stopping of the menstrual flow; they were, in fact, very much astonished and genuinely amused at the idea. This seems to confirm the view, expressed to me directly by some white men, who were fairly well acquainted with native women, that much secrecy and reticence obtains between man and woman in sex matters. General Remarks about Marriage.—The marriage insti- tution among the Mailu possesses distinct and, more or less, independent aspects. It is—in its essential and universal quality—a contract between two individuals, involving sexual relations, community of daily life, mutual services of various kinds, and, last but not least, community of economic interests in the fullest sense of that word, as applicable to the native conditions. On the other hand, marriage involves a series of mutual obligations between the. husband and the wife’s family. They consist in the exchange of gifts—in the main of pigs and native ornaments—which form the substance of the annual feast. This aspect is a prominent Mailu feature of marriage. The same state of things seems, however, to obtain among the other Papuo-Melanesians and among the Massim, though perhaps not with the same distinctiveness. The regular exchange of gifts is one of the main features of the Papuo-Melanesian and Massim cultures, as has been fully recognized by Prof. Seligman.8) Now, it is beyond doubt that this exchange is in nine cases out of ten initiated as the original price of the bride paid by the bridegroom at. marriage, and subsequently returned to him. Then, in turn, he has to give a pig when the next opportunity offers, and (38) ‘Melanesians,’’ Massim. 565 so on.(59) Although the balance seems to be always in favour of the girl’s family—in the sense that they get more—there is no doubt that this system differs strongly from marriage by purchase pure and simple, and that one should speak of bride-price, etc., only in a qualified sense. Under this aspect, marriage in the Mailu (and other coastal tribes east and west) acquires a much wider sccial significance than it would other- wise possess. It is essentially connected with, and regulates, the gifts of pigs at the big annual and funeral feasts, and thus enters as an essential component into an institution which governs half the public hfe of the natives. The two aspects of marriage—individual and public—will be described separately. Marriage in its Individual Aspect; Marriage Ceremonies. —Referring to what has been said above concerning the pre- nuptial relations, it may be stated that there are two forms of marriage in the Mailu—marriage by early betrothal, and marriage evolving from a preconjugal intrigue (Ué’ui relation- ship). I was not able to ascertain whether the natives dis- tinguish sharply between these two forms by special names and differences in the ceremonial.‘ At any rate, there is (39) The subject is discussed under the next sub-heading. (40) As stated in a previous footnote, there was a sharp dis- tinction between the two forms in the Motu, Koita, Sinaughdolo. The Mdo-héni form (marriage by betrothal) could be contracted only by a girl who had no previous sexual experiences (called in Motu, Rami hebou; “Shaving her grass petticoats unparted’’). A girl who has previously had Sitharis (lovers) could contract only the Herahe form of marriage. The Mdo-héni marriage was carried out with more preliminaries and much more ceremonial. The girl was promised when fairly young; in the Sinaughdolo tribes, further inland from the Ligo district, quite small girls might be betrothed when not more than three to five years old. The decision in, and the formalities of, the betrothal were mainly left to the care of the older generation, this being obviously necessary in the case of very young girls. But with the elder girls, consent seems usually to be essential. The final, and most important, part of this form of marriage is the presentation of gifts of food and native valuables. These are presented by all the boy’s relations in amounts proportional to the closeness of their relationship. The Herdhe form of marriage, called also Headdva-hendo—marriage by stealing—is certainly the less decorous form, though it was the more frequent before the white man’s advent. It derives its second name from the circumstance that a girl thus wedded had usually been previously promised to another boy. Hence also the difficulties often attending such marriages. The preliminary ceremonies of betrothal and exchange of gifts are absent, and only the final one of bridal price takes place. It is identical with that which occurs in the A/do-héni marriages. (This short outline is a very much abridged account of the excellent information obtained on this subject from a committee consisting of Ahiia, a Koita man, a Motu of Gabagdba, and several Sinaughdélo men. It will be published in full in another place.) 566 a clear distinction between the engagement (J’ednz), when marriage is in view and during which no sexual intercourse takes place, and the intrigue (U@uz), when the two cohabit without intention to marry. The following account refers to the marriage by betrothal, and I unfortunately failed to inquire what modifications take place when the second type of relationship evolves into mar- riage. One thing is certain, however, namely, that the conspicuous gift, forming the substance of the marriage con- tract, obtains in both modifications. The girls are betrothed at an age not earlier than seven or eight, but usually at about fourteen or fifteen. In the betrothal, in its proper form, the initiative always rests with the parents, and very often the inclination of the girl plays no part in the arrangement. The first agreement is accom- panied by a small gift, called Odi’ egéri, usually consisting of some five sticks of tobacco, or, before the advent of the white man, a corresponding amount of betelnut, some feathers, aie. There would also be a small feast accom- panying the Odi’egéri. At the same time the previously described tattooing of the girl’s face is performed (see sec. 1 of this chapter). This tattoo was a performance necessary for marriage, and it is always done when a girl is betrothed ; many girls, however, have their faces tattooed without being promised in marriage. After the preliminary gift there is a mutual exchange of food presents, in which the balance seems to be maintained fairly equal on both sides. If the girl’s clan celebrate a Madina (big feast) during this period, the boy’s father supphes the girl’s father with a pig, in account of the marriage gift to be paid. It may be also added that such small feasts as that connected with the Odi’ egéri gift are usually performed in connection with a Madina. Such a feast is held before the men set out on their trading trip west to fetch pigs. As mentioned above, both the young man and his fiancée do not, as a matter of étiquette, cohabit during the time of their engagement, neither must they have other intrigues; a girl would even refuse to marry a boy as to whose infidelity she had got positive knowledge. After a period of time, varying in length according to the girl’s age and other circumstances, the actual marriage takes place. The marriage gift, in the form of pigs and some articles of native wealth, may have been given during one of the previous feasts, but according to native custom pigs are given only at feast time. The actual marriage consists in the girl’s coming to the bridegroom’s house and eating with him —an act called Twini daba. The girl usually brings with her 567 a few native valuables in repayment (probably only partial) for the bridegroom’s gifts. She prepares some food—vege- table and fish only, no pig being boiled on that occasion. The food is placed on a dish between the two, and they both par- take of it, bon ton requiring them to be bashful, and not to look at each other. It is this eating in common (T'wini daba) which constitutes the essence of marriage from the ceremonial point of view. The marriage is, however, not consummated immediately after the Tuini daba ceremony. The girl returns to her parents’ house for another week or so, and only after this interval has elapsed do they cohabit. The two are now mar- ried, but the mutual exchange of gifts survives the consum- mation of marriage, and lasts indefinitely. Relations between a Man and his Wife's Family, as established by Marriage.—-This, as said above, may be sum- marized in the man’s duty to provide pigs when the clan of his wife’s family holds a Madzuna feast and in their duty to return this gift in a more or less adequate form, when the man’s Avra (clan) gives a feast. The importance of this: state of things hes in the fact that it throws a new hght on “marriage by purchase’’ in general. There is really no element of barter in the whole proceedings, for it is under- stood that the gift by the bridegroom, or by his father and family to the girl’s family will be returned later on—at least partially. Again the psychological aspect of the ‘‘pay- ment’’—the term here is, of course, not quite correct—is also noteworthy. The girl is not estimated as worth so much, and the corresponding value exacted; in fact, I think that an insufficient marriage gift to the girl’s parents would be accepted without much fuss, though I was not able to get satisfactory evidence on this point.() On the other hand, the man and his family were extremely eager to give as much as possible for the wife, knowing that by so doing the ambi- tion of his future partner would be gratified, and that his own prestige in the tribe would be enhanced. This view would also apply to all his subsequent gifts. Nevertheless, I (41) In this respect I am in possession of much better informa- tion concerning the Motu-speaking people of the Central Division,. owing to the fact that I could talk to them in their own language, for to both Koita and Sinaughélo the Motu is a second mother- tongue, and also to the fact that my informants were exceptionally intelligent. I was assured by Ahwia, Maganiméro—an exception- ally clever Ligo man—and other authorities that there never were any quarrels about the final gift offered for a bride. On the other hand, when the price (Lardha) given for a widow to her deceased husband’s brothers was paid, there was usually considerable amount of quarrelling, and even fighting. 568 think that the real decorum is observed by givers and receivers only on the occasion of the first gift. At the feasts there is always some quarrelling about pigs, though this does not mean that a man is not eager to do his best in giving them. One of my friends in Mailu failed, through no fault of his own, but through the accidental death of his pig, to bring the necessary gift to a member of his wife’s family; he was genuinely mortified by this, and he was ashamed to go to the houses of the Jaradubu clan, which was to give the feast. He told me that no reproaches, still less any quarrelling or punishment, awaited him, but that he was sorry and ashamed for his own and his wife’s sake. This is an illustration of what I gathered from the general accounts and concrete examples of all my informants. Everyone was proud of having given so many pigs, and everyone was eagerly anxious to procure as many animals as possible for the approaching feast (comp. chap. iv., sec. 4, on ‘“‘Trading,’’ and chap. v., sec. 3, on ‘‘Feasts.’’) If a man wants to behave like a gentleman he gives at least one pig a year. The first goes usually to the girl’s father, and as a clan very seldom gives a feast every year, the next pig goes to some other relation of the girl. When a girl’s clan is again making a Madina, the bridegroom gives a pig to his eledst brother-in-law, and so on. All these indi- viduals are suppcesed to return his presents, though it seems that, as a rule, a man never gets back the same amount of pigs as he has given to his wife. In order to complete the account of the relationship obtaining between a man and his wife’s family, the custom called Lid’: must be mentioned. It comprises a series of taboos observed by the man, which entail a general avoidance of some of his relations-in-law, and forbid him to mention their names. The taboo upon the names of these people is analogous to the taboos upon the personal names of the parents and grandparents, mentioned above (chap. 11., sec. 4). It is to be noted that the two sets of taboos—the one referring to the “‘own’’ relatives and the other referring to relatives-in- law—are distinguished by different names. The first is called by the general term, Gora, applied to things tabooed or for- bidden ; and the second by a special name, Lid’z. The father- in-law (Hvai'égi) and his son-in-law (Botsia) do not address each other by their names, nor do they pronounce them. Their names are Ld’ to each other, but they may talk to and approach one another. The same restrictions apply to a man and his mother-in-law, and also to a woman and both her parents- in-law. The strongest Zzd’z restrictions, however, obtain between a man and his wife’s elder sister ( Vina’ avétsa), this 569 being the same term that a man applies to his own elder sister) - A man is not allowed to approach her, nor even to touch any object belonging to her, and, especially, would a man avoid. touching her Hdmi, or grass petticoat, if it were lying about the house. He may talk to her, but only from a distance, and, of course, he does not address her by name, nor does he pronounce it in her absence. A man can approach his wife’s younger sister (Vdbw), but her name is equally tabooed. to him. So are a man’s wife’s brothers’ names. The sanc- tion of Za’: consists in the first place of a general reluctance to, and intense fear of, infringing the étiquette and doing the thing in a way that is essentially wrong and unacceptable by social rules and by the code of manners inherent in all human beings. This fear is very pronounced among the natives; they are extremely anxious to do the “‘right thing,”’ in which respect they do not differ essentially from the civi- lized white man. In order to understand the psychological background of such purely customary—I might say such mondaine sanction—one ought to compare it with that of our own rules of savoir faire, and I think that most men would much more readily commit acts of extreme folly than behave in an outrageously incorrect manner in a drawing- room or ballroom. To transgress the Lid’2, or any kindred rule, would be for the native an act as improper as for a society man to appear in flannels at a ball or to omit his necktie. at a formal garden party. We very often press the native for an explicit sanction or reason for some of his customary rules. ‘‘What, for instance, would happen if a man broke the Lia’i?’’ No wonder the native can give no answer, or simply says, “‘Our fathers did so, and so do we.’”’ This will appear much less obscure and specifically ‘‘savage’’ to us, if we remember that the natives live in very small communi- ties, and that in consequence the quality and intensity of their public opinion or social censure is very much the same as that of a social circle of mutual acquaintances in our own society. The fear of being ridiculed, of being gauche, or eccentric, the keen desire to be correct, to do always the right. thing, to be smart and dernier cri—all these feelings actuate the natives as they do the white ian in reference to his. social melveu. A white man would be just as much puzzled if he were asked to adduce the reason, origin, and sanction of the rigidly observed custom of wearing a white necktie with his full evening dress and a black one with his dinner jacket. ‘‘Everybody does it; it is the right thing to do,”’ is alike the answer both of the brown and of the white man, and neither can produce any other sanction than that it is. the rule of his social circle. When pressed, my informants. 570 said that a man transgressing the Lid’: unwittingly, for in- tentionally nobcdy would dream of doing so, would expect some kind or other of illness to befall him. It is to be noted that Lzd’i taboo on relatives-in-law is much more stringent than the Gora on the names of parents. Several of my friends did not mind mentioning in my pre- sence the names of their fathers and grandfathers, acting on the principle that ‘“‘New Guinea custom has little bearing ~ upon one’s behaviour towards a white man.’’ But they would not apply this principle to their father-in-law’s name. Wish- ing to ascertain the extent of their reluctance, I tried to tempt Pikana, a particularly greedy and sophisticated middle- aged Mailu—with the elder and more genuine gentlemen, such as my friend Papdrz, I would not have attempted the experiment—by offering him successively increasing quanti- ties of tobacco. It was only at five sticks that he began to waver, which means that his reluctance was very great indeed. The parents-in-law belong to the circle of relatives who receive the Vevéni gift of food (comp. this chap., sec. 1). Essentials of Marriage Contract.—Besides its ceremonial side and its conditions of validity, and besides the general duties which are imposed upon a man towards his relatives- in-law, marriage establishes a personal relationship between husband and wife. And perhaps the most essential data concerning marriage are those bearing upon the reciprocal duties and privileges, the general character of their feelings towards each other, and all the facts characteristic of their respective status. In this place I shall state those details very briefly, as several of them are described in other para- graphs (‘‘Domestic Duties,’’ in sec. 1 of this chapter; ‘‘Divi- sion of Labour,” in chap. iv.). Marriage is in Mailu patrilocal; the woman moves to her husband’s house, lives with his parents and with his brothers and their families. In all her domestic duties she has to co-operate with her mother-in-law and with her sisters- in-law, and thus she becomes, in this respect, a member of her husband’s house, and becomes its co-proprietor, in so far as she continues to live in it, even after his death, especially if she has children and does not think of marrying again. She works in her husband’s garden, and becomes, in fact, a co-proprietor of this also, since after her husband’s death she continues to use the garden for herself and her children. She even shares her husband’s economic magic, which is a form of property that is greatly valued (comp. chap. v., sec. 2). Whatever he acquires by hunting and fishing, and 571 whatever she acquires, go to their common household, and is: used by them in common, subject to the deduction of the Vevéni and other portions communistically distributed among various people. They have their meals together, except when in olden days the man occasionally ate his food at the Dubu. The two belong to each other exclusively in sexual matters, though, of course, for adultery the crime and punishment are. much greater in the case of the woman. But it must be noted that there was no opportunity for a married man to enter into an intrigue without incurring the blame of public opinion and without setting at naught his domestic peace. And, as far as my knowledge goes, the unmarried men would be very keen to find him out and to set in motion against him all the adverse forces of offended public opinion for thus: encroaching upon what they considered to be their own ex- clusive right. In public the married men shun the other sex even much more rigidiy than the bachelors. Husband and wife sleep together round the same fire, except, again, in those cases when a man slept in the Dubu in order to observe sex taboos, or when the woman has her period, or for some other reason. In the matter of marital authority there seems to be a great independence on the part of both partners. I was. unable to hear of, or to observe, any evidence that a man ever tyrannized over or bullied his wife, neither do the men appear to be often ‘‘hen-pecked.’’ During the many times I sat and talked with natives in their houses I observed that the women kept apart, especially if other men besides the owner of the house were present. But if a woman approached there was never the slightest sign of shyness or fear in her manner towards her husband, and I never saw any one of them as much as rebuked or spoken to unkindly by her husband. On the contrary, there were present all the signs cf friendly and unconstrained relations between them. And this was, if any- thing, more pronounced in the case of old couples. As to the scope of real authority, 7.e., of the limits within which a man could impose his will upon a woman, I think that these were very restricted. All the services required by a man from his wife were strictly regulated by custom, and even the sphere of their mutual personal contact was defined. Whether a woman desired it or not, she was usually free from her husband’s presence, his bad tempers, and of his possibly arbitrary wishes for the greater part of the day. The question arises to what extent is the mutual affection and regard which undoubtedly obtains between the two partners, due primarily to erctic love. It seems to be beyond dispute that this feeling exists among the lower races, though 572 neither in their art nor in incidents in their lives could I find signs of its expression. Nor could I find evidences of what may be called romantic sentiment. I know, however, of several instances of acute dislike, in which girls had either to be actually forced to submit to the affianced husbands or to run away in order to escape a distasteful match. On the other hand, strong and decided inclinations exist of which I could record several instances. So also the intrigues of married women, which occur fairly frequently, point to the existence of passions willing to run considerable risks and able to overcome substantial obstacles. As it is evident from previous passages, sexual jealousy is very pronounced, and this sentiment is not based only upon the sense of ownership established by marriage, since it exists very markedly in respect to the Uéur relationships. Polygamy is very infrequent; I have only one polygamous marriage to record amongst the total number of marriages in the pedigrees of Mailu village. One very strong obstacle to polygamy would be the duty cf providing pigs for the wife’s family. This duty is onerous enough for a monogamist, and the obligations of polygamiy would be surely beyond the powers of an average man. ~ 4. CHILDREN AND THEIR PLAY. Birth and Infancy.-—The information available on this heading is unfortunately very scanty. I was not able to speak with any woman, and men are not good informants on the subject. What I know about native ideas concerning conception has been said in the last paragraph. During pregnancy the woman has to observe a general fish taboo (Oribe téra). If she did eat fish the child would be injured. She can, however, eat boiled food and drink fresh water. The pregnant woman (Amara ora’) sleeps in the house near her husband, but they do not cohabit. Sexual connection during pregnancy would kill a woman. At the birth no man may be present, not even the husband. He would be too much ashamed to see it. The mother and the mother-in-law cf the puerperient, as well as her sisters and sisters-in-law, are present, and they act as mid- wives. There are no specialists in this art in the village. If twins are born, one, usually the second, is killed as a rule. The reason given is that a woman cannot properly feed two infants, and that to carry them about, etc., would give too much trouble. Infanticide would be practised in the case of illegitimate children—which, as said before, are extremely rare. In would be done also in the case of a man deserting his ‘wife. If a woman had a series of girls, or a series of boys, 573 and she wanted a child of the opposite sex, she would kill a newcomer if it were of the undesired sex. If the mother dies in childbed ‘the offspring is buried alive alongside the mother. The form of infanticide is, as a rule, strangulation of the baby. In Mailu, as among all the races on that level of culture, suckling goes on long after the child is able to eat other food— till about three to four years after birth. In infancy children are carried about by their mothers and very often by their fathers. The method of carrying children by the women is to seat them astride upon the pro- truding upper edge of the petticoat, the child clasping the mother’s body with both its legs and the mother holding it with one arm (see pl. xxxii., fig. 2). Both parents nurse the child and fondle it. The operations of nose and ear piercing are performed in infancy (comp. chap. i11., sec. 1). Childhood and Initiation of Boys.—Children live with their parents. They are very independent, the parents inter- fering little with their games and inclinations. In fact, I observed, and my observation was endorsed by Mr. Saville, that the elders hardly ever give commands to their children, preferring to ask them to do what they wish, in fear lest refusal should compromise their authority and _ prestige. '‘Chastisement, in any form, seems never to be used to children, except perhaps in a fit of impatience. The stages of childhood and adolescence are marked by few incidents. At the age of about three to four the girl gets her first grass petticoat. At a slightly later stage the process of tattooing (described in sec. 1) begins and ends with the tattoo on the face which coincides with the marriageable age. The boys go about without any garment for a much longer time. They get their perineal band at the age of about eight to ten years, and there is a small initiation ceremony ( U’aw’ dw) connected with this event. The eldest boy is given his Sih (Motu name for perineal band) by his maternal uncle (Awe), with whom the boy’s father exthanges some gifts. The younger boys get their Sthis from the first-born, and there is no exchange of food. The initiation ceremony seems to have been more elaborate in former days, when the Dubus existed and when the white man had not yet suppressed the institution of head-hunting, with which this ceremony was apparently connected in some way. I was told by Papdri, a fairly old man and the best informant in Mailu, that in the olden days the initiation was more elaborate, being performed when there was an enemy’s head available. In the preparation of the head, the boy to be initiated used to lend a hand, and this 574 formed part of the initiation ceremony. On such, and only on such, occasions would the ceremony take place in the Dibw. The boy spent about a fortnight in theDiibu previously to the ceremony, and was not allowed to leave the place. He had to keep the typical taboo—v.e., abstention from boiled food and fish—and his food was handed to him by men. If the boy wanted to leave the Diubw house for any necessity he could do so by night, or if he did so in the daytime he had to cover himself completely with mats; neither was he allowed to comb his hair. The boys who were thus undergoing the initiation taboo used to remove the skin and flesh of the enemy’s head, which was part of the process of preparing it for the collection in the Dibu (described in sec. 6 of this chapter), and very likely boys at the suitable age would wait until there were a few heads ready for the head-hunter’s collection. On the other hand, if such were at hand some boys might be invited to undergo the initiation, so that the two performances might coincide. The ceremony itself Nga eager after the period of the taboo in the Dubw itself. fter that the boy was no more called Tamaru, but U’du, which corresponds to “young man.” On the day of the ceremony there was a dance. At other times the adoption of the perineal band usually took place on one of the Or6’u (big canoes). In such cases the ceremony would be connected with the big feast (Madina), and take place just before, at the time when the canoes had returned from Ardéma laden with pigs and betel nut for the feast. The ceremony is always accompanied by a small feast, for which a pig was killed. The pig is previously given by the boy’s father to the maternal uncle. In the case of the perineal band being given by the boy’s elder brother the pig is killed by the father. At the exchange of gifts which takes place between the father and the maternal uncle it is the latter who profits. Games and Amusements.—As said above, the children’s life is fairly free. From the age of about five they play and roam at will, and the bifger boys and girls may go some distance away from the village. Even at that stage the separation of the sexes is marked, for the boys and girls roam in separate groups, hardly mix in their play, and very often have altogether different ways of playing. Many of the children’s games have a clear educational value. They consist very often in the imitation of the activities of their elders, and the children often use toys and implements made, ad hoc, with a considerable amount of labour. The elders, usually parents, take part in the play and teach the children, with evident interest and care, how to sail 575 a toy canoe or use a toy net or fish spear. On Mailu Island these educational games refer mainly to sailing and fishing, as might easily be expected in a community of sailors and fisher- men. But imitation of native dancing—which becomes a very important activity in the later life—and imitation of spearing belong to the class of educational plays. These are children’s games having an educational aspect. Children also join their parents in their activities, first in play, then more and more seriously, thus imperceptibly acquiring the arts of mature life. The girl sits near her mother and watches her making pottery ; or, with a small stick, imitates her actions in digging the ground, or helps her in peeling the vegetables and preparing the food. Small girls jcin also their mothers in searching for fruttc di mare. The boys join their fathers on hunting expeditions, and when they go with them to sea they observe and lend a hand in managing the big canoes. Besides these games with an educational aspect there are a few games pure and simple. Thus catscradles, played all the year round, especially by women, form a very favourite pastime. There are also a few games like tug-of-war, etc., played by boys and girls separately late in the afternoon and on clear moonlight evenings. As these correspond in a way to dancing, the older boys do not take part in them; but full grown-up women enjoy them side by side with small girls. Toy Boats, and Sailing Games of the Boys.—The play with boats must be described more fully. There are two kinds of boats made for the special benefit of boys—small models of the large, crab-sail double canoes (Oré’u), and small cut- rigger canoes (called Kdro), so small that no grown-up man ‘could sail in them, but large enough to support one or two urchins. In these the boys sail, usually within the reef which runs not far from the beach. But sometimes they venture further out, even in fairly rough weather, in a way that, for skill and daring, arouses wonder and appreciation even in the unfeeling breast of a field ethnographer. The time for these escapades is usually at the break of the seasons, when the south-eastern wind changes into the monsoon, and undoubtedly they afford the means of learning how to manage a canoe and a sail, which latter is very often used. They also learn how to bail out a dug-out when it has sunk by water-logging. They all swim very well. The models of the Ord’w are used in play. Whole days are spent in shallow water by boys in following their canoes as they sail across the small bay in front of the Mailu village (see pl. xxxiv., figs. 1 and 2). This play with models of the large boats, called Hde’edé’i, is done during the north-west 576 monsoon season, as at that time the Bay of Mailu is absolutely calm. The models are fairly accurate, even in the ornamenta- tion, with one exception: the big Or6’w consist of two boats joined by a platform and lashed together (comp. chap. iv., sec. 4), while in the model one of the dug-outs is replaced by an outrigger float. In this way the boys get acquainted with the construction of the Ord’u, though the models are made by the elders. Another sport very much enjoyed by children is fishing with a miniature of the Zdvita ordi net (called 7. 0. hinovor, which means a small net of that name), the father showing the boy how to use it. Small fish are caught this way, to the great delight of the boys. Over and over again I saw boys playing at fishing in this way for hours together. Miniature models of the other small nets (G'ébi ordi) are also made. The fishing corresponds, on a small scale, to the fishing done by the men with these nets (comp. chap. iv., sec. 3). Small fish spears (Udi kinovoi; udi meaning fish spear) are made for boys. They are taught how to use them, and they often set cut by themselves for fishing expeditions. Those toy spears are about two-thirds the size of the real ones, and they are used by boys eight to twelve years old. Some skill in throwing spears may also be possibly acquired by a game (Motu name, A?ékz) in which two boys try to spear soft thick twigs planted in the sand with small-pointed sticks (about 40 in. in length). During the dancing season groups of boys, using small bamboos as drums, sometimes perform for hours in imitation or caricature of the grown-up men’s dance. The nearer the feast the more zealous grow the boys, who in this respect follow the lead of the grown-up men. The children used also to play a kind of tug-of-war and several other games, the details of which I failed to record, though I saw them performed several times. In one a line of girls “wind themelves up” into a sort of tangle, which is afterwards unravelled ; in another two rows of girls face each other and join their hands. A small girl is taken by the arms ; she is balanced on the joined hands of two girls, and then has to spring on to the next pair and so on. These games are accompanied by songs. 5. REGULATION OF PusLic Lire; LEGAL INSTITUTIONS ; Gora (TasBoo). ee General Remarks.—When dealing with abstract concep~ tions, referring to social life, such as law, religicn, authority, etc., it is necessary to be extremely careful not to project our own ideas and associations into native life and thought. One 577 must consider how far our terms—law, legal, criminal and civil law, etc.—are applicable to native conditions. To use these terms in the strict sense in which they are defined in jurisprud- ence would be an obvious mistake. To use them loosely and without troubling as to their meaning would be essentially unscientific, because, in the case of the field ethnologist, it would show that he has net been considering very carefully where to look for his facts and how to group them. It will be desirable to explain the manner in which the legal aspect of native life was sought for, without, of course, pretending to give a satisfactory and universally valid defi- nition of law, etc. . favescens in having a much deeper yellow breast, much larger ear-coverts of a darker buff, and colouration of the back much darker. Most resembles S. 0. melvillensis, but differs in having a rich yellow breast and abdomen, while the Melville Island bird is almost white under- neath. T'ype.—A female collected at Wantapella Swamp by S. A. White on August 18, 1914, and now in the Wetunga Collection. The sexes are alike. Lange.—¥From Oodnadatta north to the MacDonnell Ranges and west to the Musgrave and Everard Ranges. Only met with on or near the water-courses ; have never seen it far from the red-gum trees. It spends most of its time hunting amongst the foliage of this tree, and utters a very loud call for so small a bird. Builds a suspended dome-shaped nest, constructed chiefly of cobwebs and small dry leaves, with a little dry grass and leaves, interwoven with a few soft particles of bark, and lined with feathers. Shows no variation with specimens procured north of Oodnadatta the previous year. ETHELORNIS CULICIVORUS MUSGRAVI, &) Mathews (Musgrave Fly-eater). Not having sufficient material for comparison, the speci- mens were forwarded to Mr. G. M. Mathews, of England, and he has described this bird as above. It was only found in one locality, amongst the thick mulga at the foot of the Musgrave Ranges. Like many other members of the genus, it possesses a beautiful low, sweet note, but for which it would hardly be discovered. The colouration of its plumage is of the same dull hue as the bird’s surroundings. LEWINORNIS RUFIVENTRIS MAUDEAE, (4) subsp. nov. (Central Australian Rufous-breasted Thickhead). Crown of the head and all the upper-surface bluish-grey, becoming much lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; feathers of the head, back, and mantle having a faint dark line down the centre; ear-coverts and lores, also band around the chest (the latter extending upwards on either side of the (3) Austral Avine Record, vol. ii., No. 7, p. 130. (4)Named after Mrs. H. L. White, ‘‘Belltrees,’’ New South Wales. 750 ear-coverts) black ; throat and abdomen white; breast, flanks, and under tail-coverts washed with rufous; upper-surface of tail greyish-black, edged and tipped narrowly with grey, under- surface of tail dark-grey ; primaries greyish-black, very nar- rowly margined externally with light-grey; secondaries and wing-coverts greyish-black, deeply margined, and the latter tipped with light-grey ; iris reddish-brown ; bill and feet black. Type.—A mature male collected on the Officer Creek, west of the Everard Range, on August 6, 1914, by S. A. White, and now in the Wetunga Collection. Range.—Extending from Oodnadatta north to the Mac- Donnell Ranges and west to the Musgrave and Everard Ranges. Differs from L. r. wnornatus in being much lighter above, the light margins of the secondaries being much deeper, in some cases half the width of the feather, being of very light- grey ; the breast only having a wash of rufous colour and the abdomen being white, the bill being much narrower and not nearly so robust. This bird was met with all over the country between the head of the line and the Musgrave Ranges. Its note is not nearly so melodious as the southern bird, although several notes are in common. Specimens secured are without doubt the same as those collected between Oodnadatta and the MacDonnell Ranges during my expedition the previous year. Birds, even in the second year, although they have the rufous wash and black band (the latter not so pronounced), and have lost the striation of the feathers, do not develop the black ear- coverts and lores till the third year at least. LEUCORCIRCA TRICOLOR, Vieillot (Black-and-white Fantail). This bird was widely distributed, but nowhere plentiful. On one occasion a Grey Falcon was seen to chase one of these harmless birds round and through a bush till it was captured. There seems to be little or no difference between this bird and those found further south. Family CAMPOPHAGIDAE. PTERoPODOocYS Maxima, Riippell (Ground Cuckoo Shrike). Only met with at one locality—at a large water-hole in the bed of a creek about fifty miles west of Oodnadatta. The birds came in to drink at sundown, were easily distinguished by their strange call, and were very shy. CoRACINA NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE MELANOPS, Gmelen (Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike). A common bird, often seen in the scrub, as well as in the open and along the water-courses. They seem to feed upon many berries as well as insects. 751 LALAGE TRICOLOR, Swainson (White-shouldered Caterpillar-eater). Quite numbers of these birds were met with; sometimes a small party would be seen in close attendance upon flowering shrubs, where they preyed upon many flying insects attracted by the flowers. Although numbers came under observation, not one was seen in full breeding plumage. Had all the appearance of travelling south. Family TIMELIIDAE. CINCLOSOMA CASANOTUM DUNDASI, Mathews (Chestnut-backed Ground-Bird). Only met with in the sandy country between the Everard Range and the Officer Creek. Fully-fledged young were taken in August, also eggs. SAMUELA CINNAMONEA, Gould (Cinnamon Ground-Bird). On the outward journey these birds were rather plentiful on the stony tablelands, but upon our return, in the same locality, not a bird was to be seen. I have never seen this bird in the sandhill country. It will be seen by Mr. Lea’s examination of stomach contents that the birds are great seed-eaters. MoRGANORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS, Vigors and Horsfield (White-browed Babbler). Very plentiful; enjoys a great range. Many specimens were taken of a dark-red colour, caused by bathing and then fluttering in the red dusty soil. Many nests were seen, some containing eggs, others young birds. CALAMANTHUS CAMPESTRIS ISABELLINUS, North (Desert Wren). Only met with at odd times amongst the saltbush up to Wantapella Swamp, but after entering the granite country they disappeared. Very shy and difficult to procure, passing from one bush to the other with great rapidity. PTENOEDUS MATHEWSI viIGorSI, Mathews (Eastern Rufous Song-Lark). One specimen taken at Wantapella Swamp. The bird was very silent. ; Family TURDIDAE. PAREPTHIANURA TRICOLOR, Gould (Tricoloured Chat). Large flocks were met with, composed of birds in all stages of plumage. At the first part of the journey it was rare to 752 see a bird in full breeding plumage, but on the way back it was common to see such. They showed a preference for open scrub country. Had every appearance of migration, probably due to food supply. AUREPTHIANURA AURIFRONS, Gould (Orange-fronted Chat). Not so plentiful as the last species, and seems to prefer the open saltbush plains to bush land. | ASHBYIA LOVENSIS, Ashby (Desert Bush-Chat). These birds are so like the Pipit in habits that they were taken for such until handled. They ran along in front of me, bobbing their tails up and down, giving forth a sharp note very like the warning note of the Pipit, but not quite so loud. Family SYLVIIDAE. ACANTHIZA PUSILLA CONSOBRINA, Mathews (Pale Red-rumped Tit). Often met with, and seems to have a great range. It seems to show a preference for open scrub country, and pos- sesses a lovely little song, not loud but very sweet. ACANTHIZA MARIANAE, ©) §. A. White (Everard Range Tit). After entering the granite country west of the Indulkana Range this new Acanthiza was met with. It was fairly plenti- ful in the thick mulga scrubs, which extend between the Everard and Musgrave Ranges. In some cases this was the only bird to be found in these dense, waterless solitudes. The dry, lifeless scrubs seem to affect these little birds, for not once did I hear them burst out into song ; a feeble little chirrup seems to be their usual note, even at nesting time. It seems to spend most of its time hopping silently about amongst the lower branches of the mulga, which its colouration so resembles, peering behind every piece of bark and into every nook and corner in search of insects, moths, and spiders ; the latter must be drink as well as food. Although the bird resembles A. uropygialis condora somewhat in size and colouration of under-surface, the bill of this new bird is thicker and is of quite a different shape, and the blue-grey of the upper-surface is unlike any other member of the genus in Australia. The upper-surface harmonizes so well with the bark of the mulga trees that it would be very difficult from overhead to pick this little bird out when sitting on the blue-grey bark of the mulga. (5) White, S. A., South Australian Ornithologist, vol. 11., No. 2, 1915. 153 ACANTHIZA UROPYGIALIS conpoRA, Mathews (Pale Chestnut-Rumped Tit). This was a common bird, found in nearly every situation. Very sprightly, moving about amongst the foliage of mulga, acacia, and other shrubs with great alertness, uttering a sharp little note, like chit, chit, chit, nearly all the time. When resting one or two will sit on a bough close to one another, and evidently the male birds break out at times into a short but melodious and soft song. I discovered a nest of this bird at Moorilyanna Native Well. It was placed in a stump six inches from the ground, and was composed of bark, grass, and cobwebs ; lined with wallaby fur and feathers. The eggs were three in number, ground colour white, spotted with reddish- brown, more thickly at one end. This is the first nest taken of this species, and was described by H. L. White, of “Bell- trees,” New South Wales, in the “Emu,” vol. xv., part 1, "pos, duly, 1915. ACANTHIZA IREDALEI MORGANI, Mathews (Southern Thin-billed Tit).- This is a very rare little bird, and was only seen on two occasions. Note and habits seem very like other members of the genus. GEOBASILEUS CHRYSORRHAUS ADDENDUS, Mathews (Port Augusta Yellow-rumped Tit). Met with in small parties, both in the Musgrave and Everard Ranges. When flying they were very conspicuous with their light-yellow breast and bright-yellow rumps. Skins taken agree well with those collected in the type locality ; note does not differ from the coastal forms. PYRRHOLAEMUS BRUNNEUS, Gould (Red Throat). In many localities it was numerous; showed a decided preference to the western or south-western slopes of ranges, where it kept very close to the low bushes. A great songster, and if not disturbed will mount to the top of a bush and pour forth song after song. Mr. Lea’s examination of stomachs shows that this bird eats quite a quantity of seeds, which is certainly remarkable. MALURUS MELANOTUS CALLAINUS, Gould (Turquoise Wren). Met with for the first time during the trip eighty miles west of Oodnadatta, after which it was seen in many localities, but not in any numbers. Upon comparison, I find that this 754 bird really comes between J. callainus and M. whitei, approaching the first-named more closely; yet the shade of blue on head and mantle does not agree with either. HaALLORNIS CyANoTus, Gould (White-winged Wren). This is a true saltbush bird, and is seldom seen away from it. A very wide distribution, but not numerous. Specimens. taken show little or no variation. DIAPHORILLAS TEXTILIS PURNELLI (6) (Buff-throated Grass-Wren). Very numerous amongst the porcupine grass growing on the foothills of the Musgrave and on the Everard Ranges. Found it very difficult to obtain specimen, for they kept so close to cover that they would allow themselves to be trampled on almost before making off. The female shows a great deal more rufous colouration on the flanks than the male. Their colouration harmonizes most wonderfully with the reddish- brown granite. Just before sundown the male bird will sit. upon a bare rock and sing a sweet little twittering song, but at the slightest sound darts like a mouse to cover. EYRAMYTIS, sp (?). A bird of this genus was met with near Indulkanna Springs, which was taken at the time for #. goyderi, but since then Gould’s plate of the latter bird having been examined it is easily seen that the skins in the Adelaide Museum labelled FE. goyderi are not that bird, but agree fairly well with this. doubtful species. Family ARTAMIDAE. CAMPBELLORNIS PERSONATUS MUNNA, Mathews (Masked Wood-Swallow). Several large flocks were met with travelling south in company with C. superciliosus. CAMPBELLORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS, Gould (White-browed Wood-Swallow). Appeared to be travelling south with C. p. munna. AUSTRARTAMUS MELANOPS (Black-faced Wood-Swallow). Thinly scattered all over the country; not nearly so plentiful as further south. (6) Mathews, A. A. Record, vol. ii., No. 5, p. 99. 755 Family PRIONOPIDAE. COLLURICINCLA RUFIVENTRIS WHITEI, Mathews (Southern Buff-bellied Shrike-Thrush). Fairly plentiful near water. There seems little or no difference between this and the southern bird. A nest was observed in course of construction ; it was composed of strips of bark and placed in a stump five feet from the ground. GRALLINA CYANOLEUCA, Latham (Magpie Lark). Observed once or twice at water-holes while travelling along the Alberga River, but did not again appear in the dry country. Family LANIIDAE. CRACTICUS NIGROGULARIS MELLORI, Mathews (Southern Black-throated Butcher-Bird). A few met with along the dry water-courses. Their beautiful carol was heard night and morning. A very early bird, and at times very noisy. Skins collected and compared with those from the central districts show no variation. BULESTES TORQUATUS ETHELAE, Mathews (Southern Butcher-Bird). Very rare ; only one or two seen. OREOICA CRISTATA CLELANDI, Mathews (Crested Bell-Bird). Found all through the country, but one could not say they were plentiful. One oi their notes resembles the camel bell most wonderfully. Often to be seen searching over the ground for food, when they hop along rapidly, but when alarmed stand motionless, and are difficult to detect amidst their grey surroundings. They are wonderful ventriloquists. Family PARIDAE. APHELOCEPHALA CASTANEIVENTRIS WHITEI, (7) Mathews (Whiteface). This subspecies, which we discovered the year previous to this expedition, was plentiful all through the country. Took a nest in the Everard Range, on August 8, 1914; it was com- posed of grass and twigs, lined with animal fur, and placed in a hollow mulga. The eggs were three in number, almost round, the ground-colour greyish-white, spotted all over with dark-red or purple markings. These are the first eggs taken of this subspecies, and were described by H. L. White, “Emu,”’ Wor. av, part 1, p..o6. (7) A. A. Record, vol. ii., No. 5. 756 APHELOCEPHALA PECTORALIS, Gould (Chestnut-breasted Whiteface). The rediscovery of this bird was a great surprise, John Gould having described it in 1871, and it had not been seen since. It was met with in small parties on the tablelands or gibber country, about fifty miles west of Oodnadatta, and continued to do so off and on till we entered the granite country west of the Indulkana Range, and this range may form the westerly limit. They were hopping about on stony ground in search of seeds. When alarmed they flew into a bush (if one was near), then off to some little distance to alight upon the ground, where they moved about very quickly. When on the wing they uttered a twittering note. A good series of species was collected—adult males and females, as well as immature birds. Rain having fallen lightly over a restricted area a few weeks prior to our visit, these birds had nested and brought up their young, having quite a number with them. In some cases the young birds had a few dark spots appearing on the faint buff band which crosses the breast. © APHELOCEPHALA NIGRICINCTA, North (Black-banded Whiteface). Numbers of these birds were met with on the stony table- lands, often in company with A. pectoralis, and, like that bird, were not seen after entering the granite country, although A. c. whiter was plentiful everywhere. SPHENOSTOMA CRISTATUM PALLIDUM, Mathews (Pale Wedgebill). Scattered throughout the country visited ; were met with in very dry localities. They move very rapidly over the ground in long hops, taking flight every little while to a low bush, and while on the wing invariably spread out the tail, and when they alight hop from branch very quickly with crest erected. Specimens taken near the Musgrave Ranges are very light in colouration. Family SITTIDAE. NEOSITTA PILEATA TENUIROSTRIS, Gould (Slender-billed Tree-runner). Small parties were met with in the mulga scrubs, where they were searching for insects in the crevices and behind the trunks and branches. Specimens do not show any variation to birds found further south. 757 Family CERTHIIDAE. CLIMACTERIS ERYTHROPS SUPERCILIOSA, North . (White-browed Tree-creeper). Was not met with till sixty miles west of Oodnadatta, but after that it was plentiful in some localities. Generally met with in pairs, but no nests were seen. Family DICAEIDAE. AUSTRODICAEUM HIRUNDINACEUM, Shaw and Nodder (Mistletoe Bird). Very few of these little birds came under notice; this is no doubt due to the scarcity of the parasitic plant, Lorenthus. PARDALOTINUS RUBRICATUS PALLIDUS, Campbell (Pale Red-browed Pardalote). — Met with on nearly all the dry water-courses along which red-gums grew. Their note is a double one, quickly repeated. Specimens collected are much paler in every respect to those taken the year before in the central regions. PARDALOTINUS STRIATUS FINKET, (8) Mathews (Central Australian Pardalote). A few of these birds were met with amongst the gum-tree tops along the dry water-courses.. On comparison with the skins taken in Central Australia, 1913, they agree in every -respect. Family MELIPHAGIDAE. GLICIPHILA ALBIFRONS, Gould (White-fronted Honey-eater). Quite a number of these birds had congregated in several localities visited ; this was due to the fuchsia bushes (Hromo- phila) being in full flower. They are very timid, and darted about amongst the bushes in a most erratic manner. The note is mournful and long-drawn. CERTHIONYX VARIEGATUS, Lesson (Pied Honey-eater). This rare honey-eater was first met with amongst the granite boulders at. Moorilyanna Native Well, and attracted attention by its strange movements. Hopping on the ground round a mulga bush, it climbed up the stem after the manner of a parrot, till it was about two feet from the ground, when it hung head downwards for a minute or more; then it let go and fell to the ground, hopped round the bush, and again repeated the performance. (8) A. A. Record, vol. ii., No. 5. 158 MELIPHAGA sonorA, Gould (Singing Honey-eater). A very common bird all over the country traversed. The large series of skins taken agrees well with the coastal form, yet the note of the interior bird is a very distinctive one, and not once did we hear any of the notes common to coastal birds. One of the most common calls of this interior bird is made when passing from one flowering tree or shrub to another, and sounds like “‘perisimo, perisimo,”’ repeated many times, but none of the full, liquid, and sonorous notes we are so used to hearing in the south. LICHENOSTOMUS KEARTLANDI, North (Grey-headed Honey-eater). Met within the Musgrave and Everard Ranges, where it was fairly plentiful. It possesses that erratic flight and manner so common to members of the same family. The note is rather feeble, the most common one being an alarm note, uttered many times, like “chit, chit, chit.” Found fully- fledged young, with the parent birds, in the Everard Range. Upon comparing the birds with skins taken in the type locality I find that the birds from the Musgrave and Everard Ranges are much brighter, especially the yellow on the breast and throat. LICHENOSTOMUS PLUMULUS ETHELAE, Mathews (Southern Yellow-fronted Honey-eater). In some localities these birds were very numerous and are very like P. ornata in habits and call, many of the notes being the same at Wantapella Swamp. Young birds just away from the nest were met with, and their breasts were covered in a light-yellow down. I found this the case with nestlings a few days old. PTILOTULA PENICILLATA LEILAVALENSIS, North (Cloncurry White-plumed Honey-eater). The bird was found on all the dry water-courses and in the ranges where the red-gum was growing. Its habits and note seem identical with the southern form, P. penicillata. I feel very uncertain about this bird being the Cloncurry variety, for it shows a dark line alongside the white ear-covert, but not having seen North’s type I am allowing it to appear as above. MYZANTHA FLAVIGULA, Gould (Yellow-throated Miner). A very common bird near all water, and, like other members of the genus, very noisy and restless. They have a habit of congregating in a party of a dozen or more on a limb, 159 all calling as loudly as they can; then one bird will fly off to another tree, and all will follow one after the other. The skins procured agree with those collected between Oodnadatta and the MacDonnell Ranges. ACANTHOGENYS RUFOGULARIS CYGNUS, Mathews (Southern Spiny-cheeked Honey-eater). Wherever we met with flowering trees and shrubs this bird was fairly plentiful. No difference can be detected between this and the southern bird. Family MOTACILLIDAE. ANTHUS AUSTRALIS ADELAIDENSIS, Mathews (Southern Pipet). These birds were often met with in pairs on the saltbush plains and open patches in the mulga. Im one instance they were found breeding. Family PLOCEIDAE. TAENIOPYGIA CASTANOTIS, Gould (Chestnut-eared Finch). These birds congregated night and morning in great numbers at some of the waters, and the ground under the bushes and around the watering-places was white with excreta of these finches. EMBLEMA PIETA ETHELAE, °) Mathews (Painted Finch). This is a very rare and shy bird. Seen once or twice in the deep gorges of the Musgrave Ranges, and seemed to be feeding upon the seed of the porcupine grass. Family COVIDAE. CoRVUS CORONOIDES PERPLEXUS, Mathews (Southern Raven). Numbers of these birds were seen. They are very puzzling, for skins were collected with white basal half to feathers, while others had these black. The majority had white eyse, a few having hazel or light-brown eyes. NEOSTREPERA VERSICOLOR PLUMBEA, Gould (Leaden Crow-Shrike). This is a record for this bird to be found in South Aus- tralia, but it is only an overlapping of a western form. Met with in the Musgrave and Everard Ranges, and was heard of on the Alberga River at Lambinna Soak. Not plentiful; very shy and wary. A pair was nesting in the Everard Range in August. (9) A. A. Record, vol. ii., No. 5. 760 (e) STOMACH CONTENTS OF BIRDS. By Artuur M. Lea, F.E.S., Museum Entomologist. [Contribution from the South Australian Museum. | The stomachs brought back by Captain White were nearly all of small birds, and many contained specimens of insects, or fragments of same, that certainly belong to undescribed species. Some of them contained amazing numbers of ants; in fact, ants appear to be the staple food of many Central Australian birds, and they bulk largely in most stomachs. Most of the seeds found in the stomachs were sent to Mr. J. H. Maiden (Government Botanist of New South Wales), and we have to thank him for all the botanical names given in brackets; these, he writes, were from determinations by his assistant (Mr. Carne). In the following list only the technical names of the birds are given, the popular ones will be found in Captain White’s own paper ; they are in the same sequence : — Peltohyas australis.—Two caterpillars ; head and abdomen of small male ant; vegetable matter; many small pebbles. Cerchneis cenchroides. )—Some fine grit. Neopsephotus bourkiw.—Crop—Distended with hundreds of small round seeds; a few larger seeds. Stomachs (1)—A few of the round seeds as in crop, and some fine grit. (2)—As first stomach. Cyanalcyon pyrrhopygius.—Four lizards, or remnants of same (one Lygosoma lesueurn, two Amphibolurus reticu- latus'2) ). Heteroscenes pallidus.—Two wingless grasshoppers (T7ri- goniza); two heads and other parts of another species of grass- hopper ; many other fragments of insects. Neochaleites basalis.—Large hairy caterpillars; three small caterpillars ; fragment of beetle ; small amount of grit. Whiteornis goodenovw.—(1)—Six caterpillars, fragments of scutellerid bug ; fragments of small weevil (Desiantha | ?)) ; small beetle (Formicomus); head of small ant (Pheidole, soldier) ; many other fragments of insects. (2)—Eleven cater- pillars; chinch bug (Vysius vinitor); larva of ant-lion ; bits of small weevils ; head of meat-ant (Iridomyrmex detectus, var. (1) In this stomach there were four nematode worms, one with its head buried in the stomach wall; they are evidently true stomach parasites, and the first I have ever seen from a bird, although in the intestines and elsewhere in many birds nematode and tapeworms are abundant. (2) Identifications by Mr. F. R. Zietz. 761 viridiaeneus); ichneumon fly ; head of small bee; many other fragments of insects. (3)—Twenty heads and other frag- ments of scutellerid plant bugs; head of small ant (Pherdole, soldier). (4)-—Eleven caterpillars; bits of thin reed-bugs; bits of several species of small weevils. (5)—Heads of three jassid bugs; several plant bugs; bits of three spiders; many other fragments of insects. Melanodryas cucullata vigorsi.—(1)—One large and six small caterpillars; bits of large wingless grasshopper ; bits of weevil (Polyphrades); other fragments of insects. (2)— _ Seven caterpillars; bits of young grasshopper ; numerous small weevils (7vtinia) and bits of same; meat-ant (Iridomyrmex detectus); many other fragments of insects. Smicrornis brevirostris mathewsi.—Head of minute chalcid wasp; many very minute fragments of insects. Lewinorms rufiventris maudeae.—(1)—Small cockchafer beetle (Liparetrus); bits of longicorn beetle (Symphyletes) ; bits of meat ant (Lridomyrmex detectus, var. viridiaeneus) ; head of male ant; bits of plant bugs; many fragments of insects. (2)—Ichneumon fly; numerous small weevils (Poly- phiades); bits of plant bugs; many fragments of insects. Leucorcirca tricolor.—Common blow-fly and parts of two others ; small fly ; two carrion beetles (Saprinus cyaneus) ; two small jassid bugs; larval ground bug; small bit of ant. Pteropodocys maxima.—Remains of at least six species of grasshoppers ; larva of mantis; larva of very small mantis (Haana); larva of walking-stick insect (Cyphocrania cor- nuta); of another species (Bacteria [?]); very young larva of another species; small pebble. Coracina novae-hollandiae melanops.—(1)—Bits of two weevils (Polyphrades); several lerp scales; thirteen six-lobed yellow berries (Loranthus exocaryi); some slimy material, probably from berries; bits of leaves. (2)—Weevil (small Oxyops); bits of other weevils (probably Gonipterus and Polyphrades); eight. subelliptic seeds (Melothria maderaspa- tana[?]). - Samuela cinnamonea.—(1)—Many small caterpillars ; two brown seeds; one smaller brown seed; one still smaller brown seed; one black seed (Portulaca oleracea); hundreds of thin pale seeds (a grass); much small grit. (2)—Elytron and abdomen of carabid beetle; a few black seeds (Portulaca oleracea); many reddish-brown seeds (Hibiscus); very many small reddish seeds (Setaria viridis); much small grit. (3)— Head of small ant, long reddish seed (Hrodium eygnorum) ; many curved brownish seeds (Legume); fourteen kidney- shaped seeds (Caryophyllaceae[’?]); many small red seeds ; 762 much small grit. (4)—Many of the three first kinds of seeds as in the third stomach ; much small grit ; no insect remains. (5)-— Thorax of ant; many of the three first kinds of seeds as in the third stomach ; three other seeds ( //ibiscus) ; growing seed ( ?) ; much small grit. (6)—Many of the three first kinds of seeds as in the third stomach ; four other kinds of seeds ; much small grit; no insect remains. Morganornis superciliosus.—(1)—Wattle beetle ((Calo- mela); leaf-eating beetle (Paropsis of the verrucosus group) ; scutellerid plant bug; many minute fragments of beetles and of plant bugs. (2)—Nine caterpillars; six heads and many fragments of scutellerid plant bugs; fragments of Paropsis of verrucosus group; elytra of small leaf-eating beetle ( Ditro- pidus); many other fragments of insects. Calamanthus campestris isabellinus.—(1)—Small curious — pirate bug ; two heads of small ants (Pheidole, soldier) ; many minute fragments of insects; four curled black seeds (Portu- laca oleracea); nine small yellowish seeds (Setaria viridis); many minute reddish seeds (Caryophyllaceae | 2]) ; bit of grit. (2)—Young ground cricket (Gryllus); elytra of small carabid beetle ; six heads of small ants (Pheidole, soldiers) ; sugar ant (Camponotus); falcis of spider ; same kinds of seeds as in first stomach. Parepthianura tricolor.—(1)—Crammed with minute reddish seeds (Caryophyllaceae); one small dark seed {Panicum | ?]); small amount of grit; no insect remains. (2)— Twenty-seven small grubs; small flat seed (Chenopodiaceae) ; some small grit. Aurepthianura aurifrons.—(1)—Forty-eight small cater- pillars or heads of same ; larval jassid bug ; young grasshopper ; elytron of small weevil. (2)—HEight small caterpillars ; parts of at least thirty small weevils (probably all of genus Poly- phrades). (3)—Heads of two ants (Pheidole, soldier, and probably male of same species); elytron of small ladybird (Rhizobius|%]); many smail rough black seeds. Acanthiza marianae.—Leaf-eating beetle (Ditromdus) ; large thrips (dolothrips spectrum); head of small jassid bug ; small chalcid wasp; part of cephalothorax of spider; many minute fragments of insects. Acanthiza uropygialis condora.—(1)—Lace bug; wings, heads, etc., of male ants; two lerp scales; elytron of weevil ; legs of spider; many other fragments of insects; four dark- brown seeds (Portulaca oleracea). (2)—Caterpillar ; two leaf- eating beetles (Ditropidus) and bits of three others; bits of spiders. -(3)—Four very young grasshoppers; bits of jassid bugs. 763 Geobasileus chrysorrhaus addendus.—(1)—Two caterpil- lars; elytra of small beetle (/ormicomus); some minute frag- ments of insects. (2)—Four caterpillars ; bits of weevil ; larva of water bug; small jassid bug; many minute fragments of insects. (3)—Four caterpillars; small weevil (Desiantha) ; three small jassid bugs; many minute fragments of insects. (4)—Many small caterpillars: head of small scutellerid bug. Pyrrholaemus brunneus.—(1)—Two small rat-tailed mag- gots; head of blow-fly; young grasshopper ; head of minute weevil; two rough black seeds; many small curved seeds. (2)—Fragments of young grasshoppers; small caterpillar ; head of male ant; head of small butterfly ; dirty straw-coloured seed (Setaria viridis). (3)—Three caterpillars; bits of two small butterflies ; many minute pale seeds (Panicum effusum) > bits of two berries (Enchylaena tomentosa{?]). Many small caterpillars and one large one; remains of young grasshopper ; heads of two small butterflies; larva of ant-lion‘) ; many minute pale seeds (Panicum effusum|?]). (5)—Nine cater- pillars ; two small moths; head of small ant; bits of two small spiders ; some fragments of insects ; eleven ribbed brown seeds (Scirpus); three thin pale seeds (a grass). (6)—Many minute fragments, probably of small beetles and ants ; some small grit ; one small pale seed (Panicum effuswm | ?)). Malurus melanotus callainus.—(1)—Caterpillar ; sixteen small black ants and remnants of many others; many small black seeds (Portulaca oleracea); two slightly larger dark- brown seeds; small grit. (2)—-Numerous fragments of two species of small ants (Iridomyrmez); small ant (Meranoplus) ; fragments of other genera of small ants; small stone-fly (Neuroptera); similar seeds to those of first stomach. (3)— Many fragments of small ants, mostly of genus Iridomyrmex > portion of head of larger ant ; several small black seeds ( Portu- laca oleracea). Diaphorillas textilis purnelli.—(1)—-Bits of several species of ants, including Hctatomma metallicum; man minute fragments of insects; many brown seeds (Hibiscus) ; some small grit. (2)—Innumerable very minute fragments of insects (A phides[?]); seven rounded blackish seeds; three curved black seeds (Composite); five thin reddish seeds (Erodium cygnorum); one pale seed similar in appearance to that of passion fruit ; two rounded brownish seeds (Melothria maderaspatana|?]); one minute pale seed (Setaria viridis). (3) This is a most curious specimen; it is thickly covered with small clubbed hairs, suggestive of the sticky ones of Droseraceous. plants. A similar larva was seen in a stomach of Neopsitta pileata tenwrostris. 764 (3)—Innumerable fragments as in first stomach ; fragments of male ants; two small beetles near Caediomorpha; twenty triangular black seeds: two round blackish seeds; small grit. Eyramytis, sp.|?].—Fragments of small weevil; many shining black seeds; many small reddish seeds (Caryophyl- laceae); nine pale seeds (Setaria viridis); fine grit. Austrartamus melanops.— Bits of carabid beetles (Dicrochile goryi and Chlaemoidius herbaceus); male of green- head ant (Hctatomma metallicum); soldiers and many workers of small ants (Pheidole); bits of sugar ant (Cam pono- tus, soldier); head of small bee; bits of plant bugs; many other fragments, mostly of ants. Colluricincla rufiventris whiter.—(1)—Seven caterpillars ; three young grasshoppers; elytra of two weevils (Poly- phrades | %]); legs of larger weevil (Leptops | ?]) ; bits of plant bugs; many fragments of insects. (2)—Twelve caterpillars ; grasshopper (Choriphistes cyanopterus); nine young grass- hoppers or parts of same; fragments of land-shell. Oreoica cristata clelandi.—(1)—Bit of elytron of longi- corn beetle (Symphyletes); fragments of ants, of weevils, and of spiders; reddish seed (Hrodiwm cygnorum); hundreds of thin straw-coloured seeds (grass); bits of berries (?). (2)— Several soldiers and workers of white ants ; bits of many sting- ing ants (Hetatomma or aliied genus); many fragments of insects ; some vegetable matter ; two buds of plants (?). Aphelocephala castanewentris whiter.—(1)—Large cater- pillar ; nineteen grain-lke seeds and fragments of many others (Setaria viridis); small amount of grit. (2)—Minute frag- ments of weevils ; many small grain-like seeds (Setaria viridis) ; two pale brownish seeds (C'aryophyllaceae); three small red- dish seeds (Caryophyllaceae); very fine grit. A phelocephala pectoralis.—(1)—Caterpillar ; remains of many small weevils (Polyphrades{?]); three thin pale seeds (Panicum); many small rounded seeds; small grit. (2)— Bits of minute beetle (/ormicomus); eight thin pale seeds (grass); one flat pale seed; many minute black seeds (Por- tulaca oleracea); many minute reddish seeds (Setaria viridis) ; one somewhat larger reddish seed (Caryophyllaccae); two granular black seeds; small grit. (3)—Fourteen small pale seeds (Setaria viridis); one very small reddish seed (Caryo- phyllaceae); eight thin pale seeds (Panicum); small grit ; no insect remains. (4)—Bit of scutellerid bug; many small grain-like seeds; five smaller pale seeds; one small pale seed (Portulaca oleracea); one long reddish seed (Hrodium cygnorum); small grit. (5)—Crammed with small pale seeds (Caryophyllaceae); slight amount of grit; no insect remains. 765 A phelocephala nigricincta.—Bit of abdomen of ant; about twenty seeds of grass; many minute reddish seeds (Setara viridis); small amount of grit. Sphenostoma cristatum pallidum.—(1)—Stomach filled with small reddish seeds (Caryophyllaceae) and some fine grit ; bits of legs of small plant bugs. (2)—Seeds and grit as in first stomach ; no insect remains. NVeositta pileata tenuirostris.—(1)—Two caterpillars ; larva of ant-lion; fragments of at least eighteen small weevils {Xeda). (2)—Young grasshopper (Choryphistes); twenty- three small weevils (Xeda) or fragments of same; legs of spider. Climacteris erythrops superciliosa. — (1) — Numerous minute ants (Iridomyrmex gracilis spurcus); two heads of sugar ants (Camponotus); part of small weevil (Polyphrades). (2)—Very many minute ants (/. g. spurcus); numerous meat ants (Iridomyrmex detectus, var. viridiaeneus); head of ant (Podomyrmex bimaculata) ; bit of small weevil (Polyphrades) ; caterpillar. (3)—Over 500 minute ants (J. g. spurcus); many meat ants (I. d. viridiaeneus); head of small sugar ant (Camponotus ). Pardalotinus rubricatus pallidus.—(1)—Fragments of a fly (blowfly [?]); fragments of lerp scales. (2)—Small bee; two female thynnid wasps; bits of syrphus fly; remnants of lerp scales. : Pardalotinus striatus finke:—Part of head of fly; bits of spiders ; many fragments of insects. Glieiphila albifrons.—Fragments of small bees and prcb- ably of other small Hymenoptera. Certhionyx variegatus.—Over one hundred small cater- pillars ; wattle beetle (Calomela). Meliphaga sonora.—Small ichneumon fly; many minute fragments, mostly of ants. Lichenostomus plumulus ethelae.—-(1)---Many fragments of very small bees; down-like feathers. (2)—Bits of small weevil (Gerynassa|?]); bit of small carabid beetle; head of jassid bug; small moth; small ichneumon fly; many minute fragments of insects. (3)—-Bits of small and medium size ants; head of small bee; many fragments of insects. (4)— (Young bird). Ten caterpillars; three jassid bugs; young grasshopper ; heads of blow-flies; lerp and several lerp scales ; many spiders; many fragments of insects. _ Ptilotula penieillata leilavalensis.—Two caterpillars ; small moth; bits of small weevil (Melanterius); bits of two species of small ants; head of small male ant; fragment of coreid bug; many other fragments of insects. 766 Myzantha flavigula.—(1)—Small caterpillar; bits of weevil (Gonipterus or Oxyops); bits of leaf-eating beetle (Paropsis of the verrucosus group); head of ant; falcis of spider. (2)—Four caterpillars; two weevils (small Oxyops). Acanthogenys rufogularis cygnus.—Many fragments of weevils (Polyphrades and Titima); small jassid bugs; many other fragments of insects. Anthus australis adelaidensis. — (1) — Two — small weevils (T7vtinia) and fragments of many others; bits of a somewhat larger weevil (Polyphrades|?]; bits of a young grasshopper; fragments of plant bugs: some small grit. (2) — Twenty-six heads and many frag- ments of small ants (Pheidole, soldiers); several heads of small ants (Iridomyrmex); head of sugar ant (Camponotus, soldier) ; thorax and wings of male ant; young grasshopper ; many fragments of insects; small flat seed (Portulaca oleracea). (3)—Two large caterpillars; one small one; two heads of small pirate bugs; other insect fragments. (4)— Two young grasshoppers; heads and fragments of many small weevils (Titinia); elytra of somewhat larger weevils (Prosayleus|%]); fragments of plant bugs; elongate black seed ; small amount of grit. Neostrepera versicolor plumbea.—(1)—lLizard (Tym- panocryptus lineata); three small ants (Iridomyrmex nitidus); fragments of amycterid weevil, of cockroach, and of spider. (2)—Fragments of amycterid weevil (Sclerorhinus) > falces and legs of spider; fragments of cockroach. (f) LACERTILIA. By F. R. Zrerz. [Contribution from the South Australian Museum. | The collection contains 130 specimens, comprising 19 species. Most of them are met with generally in the interior, and were previously recorded by the Elder and Horn Expedi- tions. Of special interest is the rediscovery of Amphibolurus rufescens, first collected by Mr. R. Helms on the Elder Expedi- tion in 1891. Field notes by Captain White are appended and enclosed in brackets. (4) Identification by Mr. F. R. Zietz. 767 GECKONIDAE. CERAMODACTYLUS DAMAEUS, L. and F. Between Everard and Indulkana Ranges; Wantapella Swamp. HETERONOTA BYNOEI, Gray. Moorilyanna Native Well; between Everard and Mus- grave Ranges; Tablelands, 100 to 200 miles north-west of Oodnadatta. [Generally found under stones, sometimes under bark or logs. ] DIPLODACTYLUS CILIARIS, Boulgr. Wantapella Swamp; from Musgrave Ranges to Mooril- yanna Well; from Flat Rock Hole to Musgrave Ranges. [They were fairly numerous, and found under bark and in hollow branches of the mulga. When captured, they rubbed their tails against the hand and emitted a sticky and most objection- able smelling exudation from their caudal spines. | GEHYRA VARIEGATA, D. and B. Everard Range; Wantapella Swamp; from Musgrave Ranges to Moorilyanna Native Well. This appears to be one of the commonest species, twenty-six specimens having been collected. [Found under bark and stones, sometimes in hollow logs. Their colouration closely resembles that of their sur- roundings. | PYGOPODIDAE. DELMA FRASERI, Gray. Between Musgrave and Everard Ranges. LIALIS BURTONII, Gray. Indulkana, Everard Range. AGAMIDAE. AMPHIBOLURUS MACULATUS, Gray. Between Everard and Indulkana Ranges; Wantapella Swamp. [It is very quick in its movements, and is mostly found amongst the Porcupine grass. When basking in the sun its bright colouration is well shown, the black patch on the throat being very conspicuous. | AMPHIBOLURUS RETICULATUS, Gray. Musgrave and Everard Ranges; Wantapella Swamp. {Although thirty-two specimens of this lizard were captured, 768 it was not found to be so numerous as on my trip from Oodna- datta to the MacDonnell Ranges during the previous year. It burrows in the sand, and is often seen looking out of the burrow, evidently watching for prey. It is not so fleet as other members of this group, and often falls a victim to hawks. | AMPHIBOLURUS RUFESCENS, S. and Z. Three adult specimens of this little-known lizard were collected, two at the Everard Range and one at Wantapella Swamp. The type, an adult, and also two immature speci- mens, were taken by Mr. R. Helms on the Elder Exploring Expedition in 1891, % at Mount St. Thomas, Birksgate Range, about 100 miles west of the present record. Two of the recent specimens have complete tails, and thus enable me to give the correct caudal measurements, the tail in the type being in- complete. Unfortunately the largest specimen collected by Captain White also has a damaged tail, a portion of it being reproduced ; 1t would have been much longer if uninjured. The number of femoral pores varies, but in all other respects these specimens agree with the type. To my knowledge only six examples are known to science, and they are contained in the South Australian Museum collection. a b | é | Type Tetal length ... re 245 mm. 282 mm. | 265 ate : 228 mm. Head... ree wes 27 mm. 25 mm. | 22 mm. | 22 mm Body — _<. TP eas 70 mm. 67 mm. | 56 mm. | 66 mm. Tail ust See ee 148 mm. 190 mm. | 187 mm. | 140 mm. (incomplete) (incomplete) Width of head .. sak 18 mm. 18 mm. | 17 mm. 18 mm. Front leg tea ase 38 mm. 38 mm. | 36 mm. 35 mm. Hind leg Sie a 84 mm. 80 mm. | 76 mm. 78 mm. Fem. and Preanal Pores| 24 dex. 21 sin.| 28-28 31-31 | 29-29 [This lizard was found on or near red granite rocks, and its colouration harmonizes wonderfully with its surroundings. It is such a fast runner that the only way to procure specimens was to shoot them. When running it carries its body erect, touching the ground with the hind feet only, and maintaining its balance with the long slender tail.] @) Proc. Roy...Soc., S.A., “xvis; 698) p:- 164, pple vaeeeuees 2 and 2a. 769 AMPHIBOLURUS BARBATUS, Cuv. Vaughan Hill; Everard Range. TYMPANOCRYPTIS LINEATA, Peters. Everard and Indulkana Ranges. [Found on the sandy plains and in mulga scrub, under stones and also in burrows, to which it retreats when danger threatens. | TYMPANOCRYPTIS CEPHALUS, Giinth. Oodnadatta to Todmorden; Everard Range. VARANIDAE. VARANUS GILLENI, L. and F. Wantapella Swamp; between Everard and Musgrave Ranges. SCINCIDAE. EGERNIA WHITII, Lacép. Oodnadatta; Wantapella Swamp; Musgrave Ranges. HINULIA LESUEURII, D. and B. Everard and Musgrave Ranges. HINULIA FASCIOLATA, Giinth. Everard Range; Wantapella Swamp. RHODONA GERRARDI, Giinth. Musgrave Ranges to Moorilyanna Native Well. RHODONA BIPES, Fischer. Tablelands 100 to 200 miles west of Oodnadatta. ABLEPHARUS LINEO-OCELLATUS, D. and B. Moorilyanna Native Well to Everard Range. Z 770 (7) MOLLUSCA (Pulmonata). By A. R. RIDDLE. Of the shells secured by Captain White, at least three species are represented. The writer is indebted to Dr. J. C. Verco for the opportunity of examining types and other specimens in both his own and the Museum collections, and also to Mr. C. Hedley, Assistant Curator and Conchologist to the Sydney Museum, for the opportunity of consulting the — literature in that institution, as well as placing under contri- bution his own expert knowledge of Australian land shells. XANTHOMELON PERINFLATUM, Pfeiffer. Helix perinflata, Pfeiffer: P.Z.S., 1868, p. 528. Xanthomelon perinflatum, Hedley Rpt. Horn Sc. Exp. to Cent. Aust., 1896, pt. 1., p. 224. The specimens pera comprise both live and dead shells. The live shells show but very faintly the broad rufous band, just above the periphery, which was a marked feature in many of the Elder Expedition shells. © Captain White writes:—‘“The dead and bleached shells of this species were very numerous all through the country, between Moorilyanna Native Well and the Musgrave and Everard Ranges, more especially on the rising ground near those ranges. Where the shells occurred in large numbers quantities of leaves and dried herbage were found among them, which suggests that during good seasons a creeping herbage covers the ground into which the snails make their way. live shells were taken in Glen Ferdinand (Musgrave Ranges) and in the Everard Range. In both cases they were found sealed with the epiphragm, lying under debris in creek beds. This shell, no doubt, provides an article of food for the natives, as large quantities were found heaped up near the remains of old fires. This species is also collected in great numbers by the Bower-bird (Chlamydera maculata macdon- nell1) in the Everard Range, and is found heaped up at the entrance to their play-houses.” Among the shells is a single immature specimen, the identification of which is somewhat uncertain. It shows a close likeness to the immature shells in a series of X. perin- flatum in the Adelaide Museum collections, but the slight callus on the columella is brownish. Bednall, in the Elder Expedition results, gives an account, under Helix perinflata, of some dwarf shells resemb- ling H. flindersi, but lacking the colour-band of that species. (1) Vide Bednall: Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., vol. xvi., p. 62. (2) Loc. cit., supra. 771 “The shell is of a uniform greenish hue, with a shining vitreous appearance.” This description fits the present specimen very well. The specimen was taken with Xanthomelon adcockianwm and Chloritis squamultosa. XANTHOMELON ADCOCKIANUM, Bednall. Hadra adcockiana, Bednall: 1894, Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., vol. Sova, p. 190. Xanthomelon adcockiana, Hedley: 1896, Rpt. Horn Sc. Exp., pt. i1., p.224. - The writer proposes to place under this head three some- what immature shells taken with Chloritis sguamulosa. They agree almost entirely with Tate’s “Forma typica,” ©) one of the three groups into which he subdivided this species. Prob- ably the immaturity of the present shells accounts for the slight differences. Compared with the Adelaide Museum specimens, determined by Mr. Bednall, they agree well, although they are slightly more elevated. They have not, however, tne height. of X. everardensis. In common with the Museum specimens, they are of light-yellow to yellowish-green colour, with well-defined narrow fuscous bands. The type, however, was opaque-white with fuscous bands. They were taken at Mocrilyanna Native Well, under native fig trees (Ficus platypoda). Captain White writes:—“Great quantities of fallen leaves and fruit had collected between the rocks, and it was under this debris that the shells were taken.’’ CHLORITIS SQUAMULOSA, Tate. Hadra squamulosa, Tate: 1894, Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., vol. mya, DP. 193. Chloritis squamulosa, Tate: 1896, Rpt. Horn Sc. Exp., pt. fee. 'oo pl. xvir., fig. 10. Xanthomelon squamulosa, Hedley: 1896, Rpt. Horn Sc. Exp., pt. u1., p. 225. One live specimen only was obtained with the X. adcockianum. The shell is larger than the type, and measures 17 mm. (greatest diameter) by 9 mm. (height). The reference of this species to Xanthomelon in 1896, by Mr. Hedley, was done on the evidence derived from an imperfect dissection sent: by Prof. Tate. Ina recent communication, Mr. Hedley states his preference for Chlorites, and mentions the possibility of an error having been made in the labelling of the dissection in question. (3) Vide Tate: Rpt. Horn Sc. Exp., pt. ii., p. 198. Z2 772 (hk) ARACHNIDA. By W. J. Rainsow, Entomologist to the Australian Museum, Sydney. Puates LXVII. ann LX VIII. At the request of Captain S. A. White I have examined a collection of Arachnida made by him during an expedition to Central Australia. Naturally, the collection—small though it be—contains some novelties; and descriptions of, and notes upon, these will appear in the following pages of this paper. Some of the forms collected, of course, call for no special comment. Very little has hitherto been made known by naturalists of the Arachnid fauna of the interior of this conti- nent; but this is not much to be wondered at when we consider the arid nature of the country and the difficulties and hardships of travel. In 1896 Mr. H. R. Hogg, M.A., worked out the Araneidae of the Horn Exploring Expedition in the “Report of the Work of the Horn Scientific Exploring Expedition to Central Aus- tralia, Part ii., Zoology” ; later, Embrik Strand, in “‘Zoologis- chen Jahrbiichern,”’ 1913, contributed an interesting addition to our knowledge of this branch of our endemic fauna—a paper in which he not only recorded some species already described, but gave descriptions of forms new to science; finally, in 1914, my esteemed friend, Dr. R. H. Pulleine, of Adelaide, in the ‘‘Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia,’’ vol. Xxxvill., published a brief list of a small collection of Aranerdae made by Captain 8. A. White. Each of the papers referred to above are of value, inasmuch as they extend our knowledge of range and distribution. Some of the species enumerated by these authors are also recorded below, as they form part of the collection submitted to me; but in addition to these some new genera and species are defined. The new material includes some particularly interesting forms, such as Aganippe whiter, in the Avicularidae; Argyrodes binotata, in the Theridudae ; two species of Argiopidae, for which I propose the names of Dolophones wntricata and D. thomisoides; and two Thomisidae —Timarus punctatus and Diaea pulleinet. Of great interest is the announcement of the occurrence of the family Prodidomidae in Australia. The species referred to, while being a true Prodidomid, renders the creation of two subfamilies, as well as that of a new genus and species, neces- sary, and fuller details of this interesting fact will be found a little further on in this paper. Another interesting species, 773 and one that I propose to call Lycosa nigropunctata, was also collected by Captain White. This is one of those Lycosids, the females of which make a lid or trap-door to their burrows. Finally, I record a new genus and species of the family Oxyopidae, for which I propose the name Pseudohostus squamosus, and to the notes upon this I refer the student. In the following pages there are enumerated two scorpions and twenty-nine spiders, and of these latter eleven are recorded as new, whilst one is the description of what I take to be the male of a previously known species—viz., Echemus griseus, L. Koch. Two new subfamilies and two new genera are also defined. Some of the material obtained by Captain White was too immature to be of value, but this is always so in collections of this branch of the fauna, and some were damaged. This latter contingency, as pointed out by Dr. Pulleine in his paper already referred to, could not possibly be avoided, owing to the softness of the animals’ bodies, the roughness of the country over which they had to be conveyed, and the manner of their transport. Suborder SCORPIONIDAE. Family BUTHIDAE. I[SOMETROIDES (?) vEscus, Karsh. Isometrus vescus, Karsh: Schrift. der Ges. nat. Freunde, 1880, p. 56. Isometroides vescus, Karsh: .Keys, in Die Arach. des Aust., Bupp.,. 1884, p: 17, pl..u1., fig. 3. ‘/ab.—Kverard Range to Wantapella Swamp. .Vote.--Karsh’s paper is inaccessible to me, but Keserling gives 2 lengthy description and a figure in his supplement to Ludwig Koch’s monumental work. Unfortunately the latter author’s specimen (which is in the collection of the University of Berlin, and is vaguely labelled ‘‘Australie’’) was damaged, for the writer says:—‘“Sturnum und Kéaémme fehlen leider dem vorliegenden Exemplare.’’ Consequently I must let Captain White’s specimen (of which only one example was taken) remain for the present as quoted above. J. vescus is the type of the genus. Family SCORPIONIDAE. URoDACUS WooDWARDI, Poc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xi1., 1893, p. 322, pl. xiv., figs. 8 and “9.07. cit. CP). 13.) LOUS, “p. Oas Hab, — Musgrave Paes and Oodnadatta to Todmorden ; : originally recorded from the Darling Range, Western Aus- tralia. 774 Suborder ARANEIDAE. Family AVICULARIDAE. The collection contains only one trap-door spider, and this I have named Aganippe whiter, in honour of Captain White, the collector. The genus dganippe, O. P. Cambr., is exclusively Australian, and the form described below makes the seventh species known to naturalists. AGANIPPE WHITEI, 0. Sp. Pio divas hes. ane G2. Q. Cephalothorax (not including falces), 8°5 mm. long, 6 mm. broad; abdomen, 13°4 mm. long, 7°5 mm. broad. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, smooth, shining. Pars cephalica arched, raised, sloping backwards to thoracic fovea ; sides darker than summit; a few scattered, short, bristly hairs are distributed over the surface, in addition to which there are also two or three long ones at rear of eyes; running down the middle there is a finely pencilled dark line, upon which are a few short adpressed black hairs, and this line is bifurcated in front; ocular area broader than long; imme- diately in front of caput, and between the front eyes, there is a group of long, coarse, black bristles (fig. 1); clypews broad, pallid, indented at middle. Pars thoracica arched, broad ; thoracic fovea deep, procurved ; marginal band broad, pallid, fringed with short dark hairs. MHyes in three series of (reading from the front) 2, 2, 4; the two front eyes and lateral eyes of rear row large and of equal size; anterior median eyes con- siderably smaller, while the posterior median pair are minute; anterior eyes separated from each other by a space equal to once their individual diameter, and the front median pair from each other by a space equal to about one-half their individual diameter ; posterior median eyes widely separated from each other (fig. 1). Legs concolorous with cephalothorax short, tapering ; third and fourth pairs strongest ; tarsi of first and second pairs scopulated; each leg densely clothed with long coarse hairs, and armed with strong black spines ; superior claws long and serrated; inferior claw minute. Relative lengths, 4, 1,2, 3. Palgi long, similar in colour, clothing, and armature to legs; tarsi scopulated. /Fal/ces rather darker than cephalothorax, porrected, arched, clothed with coarse hairs or bristles, and each furnished with a rastellwm; outer angle of the furrow of each falx armed with ten strong teeth and the inner angle with eight ; intermediately between these two rows there’ are, at the base, three small teeth (fig. 2); fang long, shining, almost black, well curved. Marillae reddish- brown, hairy, apices widely divergent ; inner angles fringed 775 with long yellowish hairs. Labiwm concolorous, arched, hairy, broader than long, submerged. Sternuwm yellow-brown, pyri- form, narrowest in front, arclied, clothed with long coarse bristles ; szgi/la moderately large, removed from margin, not distinct. Abdomen elongate, somewhat obovate, yellow- brown, faintly mottled, pilose, and furnished with a few adpressed bristles on upper surface; a distinctly visible yellowish tapering line or bar runs down the middle, and this median line is broadest in front; towards anterior extremity of this bar there is on each side a large but faintly-defined round spot; near posterior extremity there are four pairs of short, faintly distinguishable lateral transverse bars, and these are directed downwards, each pair describing a chevron broken at the centre; at anterior extremities the abdomen is some- what darker in colour; inferior surface pilose, dull yellow, clouded with somewhat darker patches. Spinnerets short, yellowish, hairy ; superior mammillae stout, first joint as long as second and third combined; third joint minute, dome- shaped ; inferior mammillae very short and separated from each other by a space equal to about once their individual length. Hab.—Between Musgrave and Everard Ranges. Family DICTYNIDAE. AMAUROBIUS ROBUSTUS, L. Koch. Die Arach. des Austr., i., 1872; pz 33, pl. xxxvi., figs. 5 and 5a. Hab.—_Wantapella Swamp, South Australia. Ranges from Northern Queensland to Western Australia. Vote.—A. rubustus is evidently a variable species, which one would naturally expect from its being so common and so widely distributed. During the last twenty-five years I have examined very many specimens, but cannot recall one which did not differ in abdominal ornamentation from Koch’s figure. Captain White’s specimen shows (when in alcohol) distinct chevrons. Family PRODIDOMIDAE. One of the most interesting specimens collected by Captain White is a species which I take to be representative of the above family. This family is a very small one, and its range, according to Simon,”) is as follows :— Prodidomus, Hentz.: “Regio mediterranea calid., Hispania merid., Barbaria, EKgyptus et Se Africa austr. ; Arabia (1)Simon: Hist. Nat. des Ri! 1., 1892 (1893); pp. 337 and 338. 776 merid.; India orient.; Nova-Caledonia; America sept. et merid.; Venezuela.” Eleleis, Simon: ‘Africa max. australis.”’ Zimiris, Simon: “Arabia merid.; India; et fortasse Malaisia.”’ In the ‘Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences,’’ 3rd series, 1., No. 7, 1898, p. 225, Nathan Banks described a Mexican species, for which he proposed the name Zimiris pubescens. This Simons considers to be the type of another genus, to which he gave the MS. name Veozimiris. Taking into consideration the distribution of the family as thus defined, it is only natural to suppose the possibility of its occurring in Australia. The form described below differs essentially from any of the species recorded to the genera above quoted. If my determination as to its systematic posi- tion be correct, then, for the convenience of classification, two subfamilies will have to be created, as well as a new genus. For the reception of the genera above quoted I propose the subfamily Prodidominae, and for the genus hereunder described Cryptoerithinae. In speaking of the Prodidomidae, Professor Comstock says (5): —-‘“The prodidomids are two-clawed, eight-eyed spiders, with dissimilar eyes in three rows, and very robust chelicerae, which are furnished with very long and slender claws”’ [fangs. —W.J.R.]. The species described below, while displaying these points in the main, presents certain features widely distinct. In all Prodidomids hitherto known the eyes are arranged in three rows, reading from the front of 4, 2, 2, while in the species now under study, and for which I propose the name Cryptoerithus occultus, the formula is 2, 4, 2. Another point of interest is that instead of six spinnerets there are only four, of which two are extremely minute, and are ensconced in a deep pit or depression at the posterior extremity of the abdomen, and two very long, cylindrical ones situated on the — underside, and at some little distance from the extremity. The latter pair are placed close together and almost. touch each other; the minute pair, on the other hand, are decidedly difficult to trace, and this difficulty is increased owing to the abundance of comparatively long hairs within the cavity, and which surround them. In outline the cephalothorax is some- what like Hleleis, Sim. Simon, in his monumental work,‘ gives a lucid outline of the Prodidomidae, and to this the student is directed. I (2)Simon: op. cit., ii., 1897 (1908), p. 984. (3) Comstock: ‘‘The Spider Book,’’ 1912, p. 308. (4)Simon: op. cit., pp. 332-336. - “ee 177 give herewith a few points defining the two subfamilies as I understand them :— Cephalothorax oval, obtuse in front, obtusely truncated at rear, and having a small median hollow depression; ocular area longer than broad. EKyes, eight; in three rows of 4, 2, 2. Legs: in Prodidomus and Eleleis, short; in Zimiris, the metatarsi and tarsi scopulated. Falces robust, con- vex at base; apices attenuated and divergent. Jabiwm free, short, flat, apex attenuated, obtuse or truncated. Sternum flat, broadly oval, anterior angle rounded, posterior extremity acuminate, and term- inating between fourth pair of coxae. Abdomen oval. Spinnerets, six ... «. PRODIDOMINAE Cephalothorax obovate, obtuse in front; ocular area longer than broad; median fovea elongate, and having the appear- ance of a sharp deep cut. Eyes, eight; in three rows of 2, 4, 2. Falces moder- ately long, robust; fang long. Legs long. Mazillae robust, arched, apices obtuse and inclining inwards, acuminate, rounded at heel. abiwm free, rather longer than broad, acuminate, coniform. Sternum somewhat cordiform, anterior extremity acuminate, and terminating between fourth pair of coxae. Abdomen oval. Spinnerets, four; superior pair minute, and located within a deep recess or pit at pos- terior extremity of abdomen; inferior mammillae very long, cylindrical, two- jointed, basal joint minute ... ... ... .... CRYPTOERITHINAE Subfamily CRYPTOERITHINAE, n. subf. CrYPTOERITHUS,©) n. g. Pl, lxvii., fies: 3,.4, aud). Cephalothorax obovate, arched, anterior extremity obtuse, narrow, posterior extremity truncated. Pars cephalica not raised ; ocular area longer than broad. Pars thoracica broad, radial grooves not distinct; median fovea a longitudinal slit. Eyes, eight, arranged in three rows of 2, 4, 2 (fig. 3). Legs long, tapering, hairy, bespined. Relative lengths, 4, 1, 2, 3. Paly moderately long. Falees moderately robust and moderately long; fang long. Mazillae not long, robust, arched, apices obtuse and inclining inwards. Labium free, short, slightly arched, apex acuminate, rather longer than broad, coniform. Sternum large, broad, slightly arched, somewhat cordiform, anterior angle rounded, posterior extremity acuminate and terminating between posterior coxae, © kpvrtw=to hide; €pifos=a spinner. 778 which latter are much longer than their neighbours. Abdomen oval. Spinnerets, four. Superior pair minute and located in a deep posterior abdominal depression; inferior pair long, cylindrical. pate CRYPTOERITHUS OCCULTUS, n. sp. @. Cephalothorax, 155 mm. long, 1°2 mm. broad; abdomen, 2°5 mm. broad, 1°6 mm. long. Cephalothorax yellow, obovate, arched, moderately clothed with long black hairs. Pars cephalica sloping forward, not higher than thoracic segment, obtuse in front, arched, segmental groove faintly distinct ; ocular area broader than long ; clypeus not deep. Pars thoracica broad, convex, sloping sharply to the rear, posterior angle truncated and indented ; median fovea elongate, and having the appearance of a sharp, deep cut; marginal band narrow, thickly fringed with short black hairs (fig. 3). yes, eight; arranged in three rows of 2, 4, 2; large, compactly grouped ; median pair (second row) slightly the largest of the series; anterior eyes separated from each other by a space equal to about twice their individual diameter ; second row slightly recurved ; of this row the median eyes are separated from each other by a space equal to about half their individual diameter; lateral eyes are seated close to their inner neighbours, but do not touch; posterior pair wedge-shaped, obliquely placed, the points nearly meeting (fig. 3). Legs concolorous with cephalothorax, long, tapering, hairy, armed with moderately long and short strong spines; fourth pair of coxae much the longest ; tarsi two-clawed ; claws small and obscured by tufts of spatulate hairs. Relative lengths, 1, 4, 2, 3. Palpi concolorous with legs, moderately long, and similar in clothing and armature. /alces concolorous with palpi, moderately robust, tapering, arched, hairy; fang long. Mazillae pale yellow, almost white, arched, obtusely acuminate, bulging at base, apices inclining inwards and fringed with pale hairs ; heel rounded ; a few long, stiff bristles distributed over the surface. Lahiuwm concolorous with maxillae, rather longer than broad, free, slightly arched, apex obtuse; a few stiff, bristly hairs present. Sternwm somewhat cordate, concolorous with labium, arched, anterior angle curved, posterior extremity acuminate and terminating between fourth pair of coxae; a few long, dark bristles spread over surface; margin reddish-brown; in front of each coxa there is a deep, lateral groove, extending well inwards and concolorous with margin. Abdomen oval, overhanging base of cephalothorax, strongly arched, yellow, clothed with short, sooty, adpressed hairs; posterior extremity deeply indented (fig. 4). Epigynum a transverse plaque with two transversely oval pits (fig. 5). Spinnerets, four; superior mammillae (is minute, surrounded by dark, coarse hairs, and concealed within a deep recess or pit at posterior extremity of abdomen ; inferior mammillae placed closely together, long, cylindrical, hairy, apices obliquely truncate (fig. 4). Hab.—Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges, July 13, 1914. Family DRASSIDAE. EcHEMUS (?), Sim. Hemicloea longipes, Hogg: Rep. Horn Expl. Exped., ii., Zool., 1896, p. 337. Two specimens of what appear to be examples of this genus are included in the collection—one, an immature female, and which it is not possible to determine specifically with safety ; and the other amature male. Both examples are from the same locality, and may possibly be one and the same species. Only two forms of Hchemus(?) have been described from Australia, viz., HL. (2) (Drassus) dilutus, L. Koch, from Rockhampton, Northern Queensland, and #.(?) (D.) griseus, L. Koch., ‘““Neuholland.” Both of these were females, and the first-named was immature. In the absence of an adult female, one cannot say with exactitude whether the mature male in this collection is a new species or whether it may not be the unknown male form of #. (D.) griseus, but to that species for the present I associate it, and hereunder give a description. Hab.—Everard Range. EcuEmus (?) (Drassus) (?) eriseus, L. Koch. PL: Ixviity dhoarG: Drassus griseus, L. Koch: Die Arach. des Aust., i., 1873. pool. pl: .xxx., fig. 8. g. Cephalothorax, 3°55 mm. long, 2°55 mm. broad; abdomen, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad. Cephalothorax ovate, yellow, shining, smooth, arched. Pars cephalica sloping forward, obtuse in front, moderately ciothed with fine hoary hairs; thoracic segment very faintly defined ; ocular area broader than long, space between eyes dark-brown ; clypeus narrow, deep, and fringed with pale hairs. Pars thoracica highest at median fovea, which latter is a long, deep, narrow cleft, and very distinct, no radial grooves pre- sent, posterior angle indented, surface moderately clothed with fine silky hairs ; marginal band rather broad, fringed with long fine hairs. WHyes large, arranged in two rows of four each; both rows strongly recurved, the rear especially so; anterior median eyes dark, all others of a pearl-grey lustre; rear median eyes largest of the group, elliptical, seated obliquely, their rear extremities almost touching. Legs concolorous with 780 cephalothorax, long, tapering, clothed with fine hairs and armed with strong spines. Palpi moderately long, similar in colour and clothing to legs, heavily spined; genital bulb well developed, complicated (fig. 6). falces concolorous with cephalothorax, moderately strong, arched, tapering, hairy ; outer angle of the furrow of each falx armed with two large teeth and one small one, and the inner angle with two large teeth ; fang short, well curved. Maaillae concolorous with falces, long, arched, apices obliquely truncated and inclined inwards ; inner angle of apices white, heel rounded ; a number of coarse black bristles spread over surface. Labium yellow, angles and apex white, arched; apex truncated and slightly concave at middle; surface similar in clothing to maxillae. Sternum pyriform, yellow, anterior angle rounded, apex acuminate and terminating between fourth pair of coxae, arched and clothed with coarse black bristles. Abdomen elliptical, slightly overhanging base of cephalothorax, arched, yellow, clothed with black hairs. Spinnercts yellow, elongate, cylindrical, grouped closely together; hairy. Hab.—Moorilyanna Native Well, July 2, 1914. LAMPONA PUNCTIGERA, Simon. Die Fauna Sud-west Aust., 1., 1908, p. 399. Hab.—Moorilyanna Native Well, July 2, 1914. Widely distributed in Northern Australia. Family ZODARIIDAE. STORENA FORMOSA, Thor. Oefv. Kongl. Vet. Akad., Forh., 1870, n. 4, p. 874; L. Koch: Die Arach. des Aust., 1., 18/2, p?7 S14) pl- xxv, fic 5 Hab.—-One mature female from ninety miles west of Todhunter, July 8, 1914; and one immature female from under bark, Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges. A widely distributed species. Family THERIDIIDAE. ie ARGYRODES, Sim. Only one species of this family was collected, and that the male of an undescribed Argyrodes. In my “Census of Australian Arancidae’ ©) only three species were recorded ; since then I have described another, ‘ while at the present moment several distinct forms are in my hands and are await- ing publication. The specimen obtained by Captain White is an exceedingly small one, but very distinctly marked, and may be easily (6) Rainbow: Rec. Aust. Mus., ix., No. 2, 1911, p. 158. (7) Rainbow: Mem. Queens. Mus., i., 1912, p. 193, figs. 3 and 4. 781 picked out from its congeners by its ovate abdomen, which latter in most species is gibbous; this part of the body is yellowish-brown and ornamented by two reticulated silvery spots. ARGYRODES BINOTATA, 0. sp. PY ixyi., fies 7 anwe 3d. Cephalothorax, 1 mm. long, 0°7 mm. broad; abdo- men, 1°5 mm. long, 0°7 mm. broad. Cephalothoraz shining, ovate. Pars cephalica dark brown, arched, high, retreating rearwards, sides declivous ; ocular area broader than long ; clypeus produced, slightly cleft. Pars thoracica arched, dark brown in front, yellowish behind, radial grooves present ; marginal band narrow. Hyes equal in size; distribution normal. Legs moderately long and moderately strong, tapering; femur of leg 3 dark-brown, but in legs 1, 2, and 4 white; metatarsi and tarsi yellow; each limb pilose and armed with fine spines. Relative lengths, 1, 4, 2, 3. Palm short, strong, pilose, yellow-brown; genital bulb large, well developed, complicated (fig. 7). Falces con- colorous with pars cephalica, arched, pubescent. Mazillae and /abwwm concolorous with falces; normal. Sternwm con- colorous with foregoing, elongate, triangular, arched. Abdomen ovate, overhanging base of cephalothorax, arched, pubescent, yellowish-brown, upper-surface ornamented by two large, irregularly shaped, reticulated silvery spots (fig. 8). Hab.—kEverard Range, August 14, 1914. Family ARGIOPIDAE. NEPHILA EREMIANA, Hogg. : Rep. Horn Expl. Exped., ii., Zoology, 1896, p. 318, pl. xxiv., g. 3. Hab.—Female examples, ranging in development from immature to mature, were collected at the following localities: —Ninety miles west of Todmorden, July 8, 1914; Flat Rock Hole, Everard Range, July 22, 1914; and (no date recorded) between Oodnadatta and Todmorden. ~ DoLOPHONES, Walk. Two distinct species of this genus were obtained, the first being represented by two examples, of which one is adult and the other immature, whilst the second species is represented by three specimens, none of which have reached the adult stage. Both species are of striking appearance, and each is undescribed. The spiders of this genus are noted for their flattened abdomen, which latter are always more or less 782 intricately marked. Conspicuous in the abdominal markings or ornamentation of the species are a varying number of cicatrose depressions or pits, and in the two forms now under review this feature is, as usual, most marked. For one of these new forms I propose the name Dolophones intricata, in allusion to its intricate ornamentation, and for the other, which displays a remarkable but superficial resemblance to certain Thomisidae, I propose the name D. thomisordes. DOLOPHONES INTRICATA, N. Sp. Pl, xvii, fies: 9 and 10; . Q@. Cephalothorax, 3-4 mm. long, 3°6 mm. broad; abdomen, 5'1 mm. long, 81 mm. broad (fig. 9). Cephalothorax broadly ovate, much broader than long, dark brown generally, pilose, posterior extremity yellowish. Pars cephalica arched, truncated, recurved in front, broad, segmental groove distinct, a few short, fine hoary hairs spread over surface; ocular area broader than long; clypews broad, not deep. Pars thoracica broad, strongly arched, radial grooves indistinct, a few hoary hairs spread over surface; marginal band broad, pilose, yellowish. Hyes normal. Legs moderately long, strong, tapering, dark brown with yellowish markings, pilose, armed with numerous long, strong spines. Relative lengths, 4, 1, 2, 3. Palm short, strong, tapering, similar in colour, clothing, and armature to legs. Falces short, strong, arched, hairy, yellow at base and for about one-half their length thence, dark brown. JMJazillae normal, outer angles and base yellowish, inner angles and apices pallid. Labwum normal; apex pallid, the remainder yellow. Sternum oval, yellow, slightly arched. Abdomen overhanging base of cephalothorax, transversely oval, pilose, upper-surface convex, anterior angle truncated, wavy in outline, posterior extremity obtuse; general colour dark brown, with yellowish markings and cicatrose depressions ; scheme of ornamentation intricate ; inferior surface concave, grey, corrugated, corrugations lateral. Epigynum broad, with deep lateral pits, between which there is a long, convex, spatulate process (fig. 10). Hab.—Oodnadatta to Todmorden (no date), and Car- meena, Everard Range, August 14, 1914. DOLOPHONES THOMISOIDES, n. sp. Pl. Ixviii., fig. 11. The description which I give hereunder is drawn from the oldest and largest of the three examples collected, and which is apparently almost adult. Personally I avoid describing immature forms as a rule, but there are times when one may 783 with propriety depart from a set custom, and the present instance is, to my mind, a case in which such a departure is justified. The laterigrade grouping of the legs and the general appearance of the caput and falces are the main points that suggest a Thomisid appearance. Q. Cephalathorax, 1°56 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; abdomen, 2°3 mm. long, 5°2 mm. broad. Cephalothorax broadly ovate, broader than long. Pars cephalica pilose, arched, sides declivous, truncated in front, hoary with yellowish markings ; ocular area broader than long ; clypeus narrow, not deep. VPars thoracica broad, arched, pilose, yellow, with median and lateral white spots; radial grooves faintly discernable; marginal band narrow, white (fig. 11). Hyesnormal. Legs moderately long, robust, pilose, white with yellow annulations, armed with numerous moderately long and moderately strong spines; underside of legs pale, yellow. Relative lengths, 4, 1, 2, 3. Palpi short, robust, similar in colour, clothing, and armature to legs. Falces short, pilose, white, arched. Mazillae and labium normal, white. Sternuwm broadly oval, white, arched. Abdomen broadly ovate, boldly overhanging base of cephalo- thorax, wavy in outline, anterior angle truncated, upper- surface convex, pilose, yellowish-grey, ornamented with white markings and black spots, margin lighter in colour than the median area; inferior surface concave, light grey, corrugated, corrugations marked with dark-brown spots. On the younger forms the abdominal markings show some variation, but naturally such are not constant. Hab.—Moorilyanna Native Well. The three examples of D. thomisoides were included among some specimens of Thomisidae, and the dates on the collector’s label in the tube reads “July 28, 29, 30, 1914.” Family THOMISIDAE. Several specimens, and these representing three genera, were collected by Captain White—namely, Tmaris, Diaea, and Stephanopsis—-and it is curious to note that the majority of these are immature.. Of the genus 7'maris there are two species, one of which (consisting of only one specimen) is not only immature, but too damaged for specific determination; nevertheless, I am confident it is distinct from the one for which I propose the name 7’. punctatus. As no species of its genus has, up to the present moment, been described or recorded from Central Australia, it is quite probable it is also an undescribed form, but before naming it I await further and more perfect 184 examples. 7. punctatus is a male, and not quite fully developed. Likewise, of the genus Diaea there are again only two species, one of which is probably D. punctata, L. Koch, and the other, which is certainly new, I propose to name D. pulleinei, in honour of my esteemed friend, Dr. Pulleine, of Adelaide. The two half-grown examples of Stephanopsis appear to be undoubtedly referrable to O. P. Cambridge’s S. altifrons. TMARUS PUNCTATUS, Nn. sp. Plo tevin; fies? 12-and¥13) 3. Cephalothorax, 1:4 mm. long, -1 mm. broad; abdomen, 2°5 mm. long, 1°'4 mm. broad. Cephalothorax obovate, grey. Pars cephalica strongly arched, not higher than thoracic segment, front and sides declivous, grey with a few black spots, and having a few long bristly hairs. Ocular area broader than long; clypeus deep, fringed with hairs. Pars thoracica strongly arched, sides rounded and declivous, posterior angle declivous and indented ; upper-surface grey, with yellowish and white markings, and furnished with a few long bristly hairs; sides grey, with yellowish markings; posterior angle yellowish ; marginal band broad, grey. Hyes distributed normally ; each eye seated upon a shghtly elevated tubercular eminence ; front lateral eyes largest, and rear lateral eyes much the smallest. Legs moderately long and moderately strong, tapering, pilose, spined, upper- surfaces yellowish-grey, lower-surface light-grey, annulated ; first and second pairs equal in length, third pair short, fourth pair missing. /alpi similar in colour, clothing, and armature to legs; short. Falces moderately long, arched, tapering, grey, pilose. Jd/aaillae and labium grey; normal. Sternum grey, arched, pilose, cordate, with lateral extensions, the points of which terminate between the coxae; posterior extremity acuminate and terminating between fourth pair of coxae. Abdomen elongate, obovate, arched, overhanging base of cephalothorax ; superior surface grey, with large and small black spots and lateral black markings near posterior extremity; at anterior extremity there are two submedian protuberances, while the posterior extremity is strongly humped (figs. 12 and 13) ; sides grey, striate-punctate ; inferior surface light grey, relieved by a median and elongate patch of yellow-grey with black lateral spots; this patch extends from the rima epigasteris to near spinners; in front of rama epigas- teris there is a large dark-brown patch, broader than long and uneven in outline. Hab.—Moorilyanna Native Well, ‘“‘July 28, 29, and 30, 1914.” Immature. 785 DiaEa (?) PuNcTaTa, L. Koch (immature). Die Arach. des Aust., ii., 1876, p. 819, pl. Ixx., figs. 6 and 6a. Hab.—Between Todmorden and Wantapella Swamp, July, 1914. DIAEA PULLEINEI, 0. sp. PL. ixviii.; figs. 14 and: g. Cephalothorax, 1 mm. long, 1 mm. broad ; abdomen, 1:3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad. Cephalothorax arched, broad, furnished with long bristles. Pars cephalica yellow, truncated in front, not higher than thoracic segment ; ocular area much broader than long; clypeus deep. Pars thoracica yellow, with broad reddish-brown lateral bars extending from ocular region to posterior angle; sides rounded ; marginal band narrow. FHyes normally distributed, black ; each poised at the summit of a hoary tubercle. Legs rather long, strong, yellow, with reddish-brown annulations, hairy, spined. Relative lengths, 1, 2, 4, 3. Palpi short, yellow, similar in clothing and armature to legs, genital bulb rather large, no apophesis present (fig. 14). Falces short, yellow, hairy, not strong, arched, coniform. Mazillae and labiwm normal, hairy, yellow. Sternuwm concolorous with foregoing, shield-shaped, surface rather flat, sides arched, moderately hairy. Abdomen ovate, hairy, arched, overhang- ing base of cephalothorax, yellow; upper-surface ornamented with white and brown spots; at the middle there is a broad, broken, transverse brown bar; just below the latter, and extending towards the spinnerets, there are two brown bars, which are wavy in outline, retreating and converging inwards, but the apices do not meet (fig. 15); ventral surface yellow, with reddish-brown median.and lateral bars; the latter are linked together by a procurved transverse bar immediately in front of the spinnerets. Hab.—Moorilyanna Native Well, ‘“‘July 28, 29, and 30, cote”? STEPHANOPSIS ALTIFRONS, O. P. Cambr. . Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist:, i1., 4, 1869, p. 61, pl. v., figs. 33 to 39; L. Koch: Die Arach. des Austr., i1., 1874, p. 495, pl. xxxvili., fig 1. Hab.—Moorilyanna Native Well, ‘“‘July 28, 29, and 30, © 1914.’’ Immature. Family CLUBIONIDAE. ISOPEDA CONSPERSULA (?) (¢), Strand. Zool. Jahb., 19138, p. 610. Hab.—Everard Range, “up to August 14, 1914.”’ Only one specimen, and that an immature form of what I take to be the above species. 786 ISOPEDA LEISHMANNI, Hogg. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1902, p. 487, fig. 90. Hab.—Flat Rock Hole and Wantapella Swamp, Everard Range. Several specimens of this species were obtained, from which it is apparent that Z. leoshmanni is a somewhat variable: form, both in size and general appearance. CLUBIONA ROBUSTA, L. Koch. Die Arach. des Aust., i., 1873, p. 417, pl. xxxii., figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 8, 3a, 3d. Hab.—Moorilyanna Native Well, end of July, 1913, male; Flat Rock Hole, Everard Range, July 30, 1914. male and female. CHIRACANTHIUM(?) PENNULIFERUM (<), Simon. Die Fauna Sud-west Aust., 11., 1909, p. 162. Hlab.—¥Flat Rock Hole, Everard Range, July 30, 1914. A single specimen, an immature male, and in all probability referrable to Simon’s species. MitTurGA LINEATA, Thor. Oef. Konegl. Vet. Akad. Worh:, 45 1870; pp. 376-1 Keene Die Arach. des Ast’, 1:,: 1872, p. 351, plo xxvii, feso, Gases 7a-7e. Hab.—Kverard Range to Wantapella Swamp. Two: specimens. Family PISAURIDAE. DOLOMEDES FACETUS, L. Koch. Die’ Arach. des. Aust:, 41., \18/65 ps 809; (pl doxave atiocree 5a, 5b. Hab.—-Everard Range, “Up to August 14, 1914.’ Two specimens of this widely distributed species were obtained. D. facetus occurs in New Zealand and on the Island of Upolu. Family LYCOSIDAE. LycosSaA LEONHARDII, Strand. Zool. Jahrb 1913," p. 61s: Hab.—KEverard Range to Wantapella Swamp. One female specimen ; immature. Lycosa(?) Tropaziopsis, Hogg. Rep. Horn Expl. Exped., i1., Zool., 1906, p. 347, pl. xxiv.,,. fig. 14. /1ab.—Between Musgrave Ranges and Everard Range.. One specimen, immature and in bad condition. 787 Lycosa (?) IMMANSUETA, Simon. Die Fauna Sud-west Aust., ii., 1909, p. 183, fig. 1. Hab.—Todmorden, ninety miles west of Oodnadatta, July, 1914. Two female specimens, one adult and damaged and one about half-grown. Although I have inserted a (?) in connection with these specimens, I think, notwithstanding that the adult is damaged, there can be little doubt as to the correctness of the determination ; indeed, the epigynwm would seem to bear out this view, although it is unfortunately some- what distorted. Lycosa NIGROPUNCTATA, N. sp. Ris levity, tes, terand 172 Q. Cephalothorax, 6 mm. long, 5 mm. broad ; abdomen, 72 mm. long, 5 mm. broad. Cephalothorax obovate, pilose. Pars cephalica arched, raised, orange-yellow, with dark-brown spots, truncated in front, thoracic segment well defined, sides declivous; ocular area longer than broad, clothed with long black hairs, which impart a dark appearance; eyes fringed with grey; clypeus deep, pilose, and furnished with three or four black bristles below front row of eyes. Pars thoracica broad, arched, median and lateral grooves well defined, dark; marginal band broad, yellow, spotted with black, fringed with fine hairs. yes in three rows of 4, 2, 2; anterior row very slightly procurved, small, lateral eyes smallest; the pair constituting the second row are not only large, but are also slightly larger than their near neighbours ; eyes of second row separated from each other by a space equal to fully once their individual diameter, and those of the third row by a space equal to fully twice their individual diameter. Legs long, strong, yellow, hairy, spined, tarsi scopulated, superior claws long. Relative lengths, 4, 1, 2,3. Palpi long, similar in colour, clothing, and armature to legs. Falees long, strong, tapering, well arched, hairy, yellow, inner margins fringed with coarse black hairs; fangs long, dark-brown. Mazillae yellow, long, arched, clothed with long coarse hairs or bristles, rounded at heel, apices broad, inclining inwards, inner angles obliquely truncated. Labiwm yellow, but darker than maxillae, darkest at base, short, broad, well arched, apex truncated, slightly indented at centre, fringed with dark hairs. Sternwm broad, truncated in front, well arched, dark brown, margin yellow, densely clothed with dark hairs. Abdomen ovate, hairy, overhanging base of cephalo- thorax, upper-surface yellow and having several slightly darker yellow, broad, transverse, curved bars; these latter are well curved, and do not suggest eschelons; distributed over the surface there are a number of large and small black spots; 788 sides yellow, mottled with numerous pale-yellowish spots ; inferior surface concolorous with sides, but having in addition: a broad, longitudinal, median smoky bar, which latter ter- minates some little distance from the spinnerets (fig. 16). Epigynum simple, composed of two widely separated, obliquely directed oval pits (fig. 17). Spinnerets short, yellow, and. clothed with yellow and dark hair. Hlab.—Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges, July 24, 1914. Two specimens, one mature and the other half-grown. In reference to the larger specimen the collector’s note reads, “Out of hole with trap-door.” The trap-door, a specimen of which was enclosed, is of the wafer type, and is made up of layers of silk, in the meshes of which fine gravel has been incorporated ; it has a circumference of 42 mm.”~ A_ third specimen, also from Flat Rock Hole, but without date, is considerably smaller than the one described and figured as the type; further, the black abdominal spot# aré very small and very few in number, and the transverse bars are absent, but the eprgynum is fully developed and is exactly like the form described and figured herewith. Apparently the species is variable. Family OXYOPIDAE. Amongst the material collected by Captain White there are a number of small spiders which, on account of the large size of the second pair of eyes, suggest affinity to Simon’s genus. Hostus; in fact, when I first examined them I thought I should have to record the occurrence of that Madagascan genus in Australia. A closer examination, however, when engaged upon the task of preparing the present paper, brought to hight characters excluding this species from that and every other genus included in the family Oxyopidae. The family is well distributed over the globe, but it is a small one, consisting of (including the new genus described below) only eleven genera. The majority of the species—and they are not many—are remarkable for their beauty and gracefulness, the compactness of the grouping of the eyes, length of maxillae and labium, and also for their long legs. In the species now under review the eyes, as already pointed out, bear a superficial resemblance to those of the Madagascan genus, but contrary to that or any other Oxyopid, the labium, instead of being truncated, is coniform, and therefore has the apex obtusely pointed, while the legs are only moderately long. It is for the reason of its somewhat superficial resemblance to Simon’s genus, quoted above, that I propose for the reception of this interesting Araneiad the generic name Pseudohostus, the description of which I append herewith. 789 PSEUDOHOSTUS, nh. g. Pl, theviai., figs., 18+ and. 9: Cephalothorax oval, massive, segmental groove separating pars cephalica from pars thoracica faintly defined. Pars cephalica strongly arched, obtusely truncated; ocular area broader than long; clypeus deep. Pars thoracica strongly arched, broad; median and radial grooves faintly defined ; sides and posterior area steep. yes, eight, distributed over three rows of 2, 2, 4; anterior eyes minute, second pair largest, and also somewhat larger than those forming the rear row; posterior eyes of equal size, and forming a strongly procurved row (fig. 18). Legs not strong, only moderately long, armed with long, fine spines, not scopulated; claws, three; superior claws long, well curved, weak, furnished with numerous long, fine teeth. Relative lengths, 1,2=4,3. Palpi short. Falces rather long, coniform; fang short, weak. Mazillae long, apices converging inwards, truncated, acuminate, heel rounded (fig. 19). Labiwm long, coniform (fig. 19). Sternwm elongate, truncated in front, acuminate at rear, and terminating between fourth pair of coxae. Abdomen ovate. Spinnerets compactly grouped, uniarticulate, cylindro-coniform. PSEUDOHOSTUS SQUAMOSUS, Nn. sp. Pl. Ixvin., figs. 20 and 21. Q. Cephalothorax, 177 mm. long, 14 mm. broad; abdomen, 2°5 mm. long, 1°7 mm. broad. Cephalothorax oval, smooth, shining, furnished with a few short hairs, and, when not rubbed, a profusion of white, elliptical scales; yellow, with dark markings, the latter variable. Pars cephalica strongly arched, sides declivous, obtuse in front, junction with thoracic segment faintly defined ; ocular area broader than long, hairy; clypews narrow, but very deep. Pars thoracica broad, strongly arched, sides and posterior area very steep, radial and lateral grooves faintly defined ; marginal band broad, pale yellow. Hyes black; in three rows of 2, 2, 4; anterior pair widely removed, minute ; second pair largest of the series, and separated from each other by a space equal to fully twice their individual diameter ; the four constituting the third row form a strongly procurved line, and widely removed from each other ; each lateral eye of this row is separated from its inner neighbour by three times its individual diameter, and the two median eyes from each other by a space equal to about two and a half diameters (fig. 18). Legs moderately long, yellow, tapering, hairy, armed with long, fine spines, tarsal joints not scopulated. Relative lengths, 1, 2=4, 3. Superior claws long, well curved, and 790 furnished with a large number of long, fine, parallel teeth. Pali not long, similar in colour, clothing, and armature to legs. Falces yellow, moderately long, coniform, hairy; fang ‘short and weak. dMazillae long, yellow, arched, moderately hairy, apices truncated, inner angles acuminate, inclining inwards and fringed with dark hairs; heel rounded (fig. 19). Labium concolorous, long, coniform moderately hairy (fig. 19). Sternum concolorous also, elongate, truncated in front, arched, moderately hairy, apex obtusely acuminate and terminating between fourth pair of coxae. Abdomen ovate, slightly over- hanging base of cephalothorax, strongly arched, pubescent, and, when not rubbed, clothed with numerous white elliptical scales ; the general colour of the superior surface is yellow, with dark markings, but the latter vary in size, form, and distribution in different individuals; inferior surface yellow, ‘with more or less intense dark markings, the surface pilose, and carrying scales similar to those already described (fig. 20). Emgynum: This organ consists of two circular depressions (fig. 21), but the latter are so densely clothed with hairs and scales that they are exceedingly difficult to locate. Spinnerets yellow, hairy, compactly grouped, uniarticulate, cylindro- conical ; in front of inferior mammilae there is a small, obtuse colulus. Hab.—Mcorilyanna Native Well, July 28, 29, 30; Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges, July 30, 1914. The series collected embraces individuals of different ages and different stages of growth, and these display considerable colour variation. Family SALTICIDAE. Of this family five species were collected, and the majority ‘of these were immature or more or less damaged. Two of the five species are apparently new, and so are herewith described. None call for special comment. CosMOPHASIS (?) BITAENIATUS, Keys. Sobara bitaeniata, Keys, in L. Koch: Die Arach. des Aust., ii., 1882, p. 1365, pl. exv., figs. 8, Sa to 8d, 9. Hab.—Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges, July, 1914. An immature male of what may in all probability prove to be the above species. PYSTIRA ORBICULATA, L. Koch. Hasarius orbiculatus, L. Koch: Die Arach. des Aust., i1., T88is p01285, pl. cx., figs. ly ley, Moje 2aeiossc! . Hab.—¥Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges, July, 1914. Two specimens, both immature. on HASARIUS, sp. Hab.—Two specimens from Flat Rock Hole, July, 1914, and one from Moorilyanna Native Well, July 28-30, 1914. Each of these belong, apparently, to the same species, but are too immature for description. SERVAEA OBSCURA, N. sp. Pi-ixvini.; ieee: Q@. Cephalothorax, 2°2 mm. long, 1°38 mm. broad; abdomen, 3°6 mm. long, 2°2 mm. broad. Cephalothorax ovate, nearly parallel-sided, chocolate- brown, shining. Pars cephalica rather flat, not impressed, inclined forward, sides declivous; ocular area broader than long, each eye fringed with tawny and hoary hairs; clypeus not deep, fringed with rather long hairs. Pars thoracica furnished with a few white and tawny adpressed scales, and marked by a large but not well-defined depression, sides declivous, sloping sharply rearwards, and retfeating laterally to posterior angle; marginal band broad, yellow. Fyes in three rows of 4, 2, 2. Front row recurved ; median anterior pair much the largest of the entire series, intermediate pair (second row) minute, posterior eyes somewhat smaller than front lateral eyes. Legs short, robust, hairy, armed with long, very fine spines; coxae and base of each femur pale yellow; from thence upper-surface and sides of each leg yellow, with dark-brown annulations; inferior surface of each yellow. Relative lengths, 1, 4, 2, 3. Palm short, robust, similar in colour and armature to legs. /Falces not long, robust, arched, concolorous with cephalothorax, hairy, almost geniculate. Maxillae and labiwm yellowish, normal. Sternum elongate, brown, arched, clothed with long hoary hairs. Abdomen ovate, slightly overhanging base of cephalothorax, arched, superior surface and sides chocolate-brown, slightly pubescent, and having a number of white and tawny scales; these latter, like those on cephalothorax, lie flat upon the surface, are. elliptical, and each one has a distinctly raised ridge or ‘“‘mid- rib” running down the centre, and is finely and laterally striated ; inferior surface yellow-brown and furnished with hoary scales. [All three specimens have apparently been rubbed, and so have lost a large number of their scales. | Epigynum small, difficult to locate owing to preponderance of scales ; it consists of two circular depressed discs, the edges. of each of which are raised so as to form a ridge (fig. 22). Hab.—Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges, July, 1914. 792 TRITE ORNATA, 0. sp. Pl. Ixviti., figs. 23 and 24. Q. Cephalothorax, 2°2 mm. long, 1°55 mm. broad; -abdomen, 2°3 mm. long, 1°5 mm. broad (fig. 23). Cephalothorax ovate, elongate. Pars cephalica golden- yellow, flat, slightly inclined, sides steep, pubescent, with fine hoary hairs, interspersed by stiff black hair ; ocular area longer than broad, eyes ringed with black; clypeus not deep. Pars thoracica arched, bright yellow, pubescent, clothed with hoary hairs interspersed with stiff black hairs, retreating laterally and sloping posteriorly ; marginal band yellow. yes in three rows of 4, 2, 2; front row recurved, median pair of this row larger than their lateral neighbours; those of the second row minute, and seated near to their anterior lateral neighbours ; rear pair of eyes slightly larger than the anterior laterals. Legs yellow; first pair exceedingly robust; hairy, and armed with spines, those on the first pair being much the strongest. Relative lengths, 1, 4, 2, 3. In the type, which is mature, only one leg, and that of the first pair, is present, all the others having been broken off and lost; but in an immature form the ambulatory limbs are intact. Jalpi short, similar in colour and armature to legs. Falces yellow, arched, coniform, hairy. Mazxillae and labiwm yellow, normal. Sternwm elongate, arched, obtusely acuminate and attenuated in front, moderately hairy. Abdomen ovate, arched, slightly overhang- ing base of cephalothorax, hairy; superior surface and sides yellow, with dark median and lateral markings; inferior surface has a broad, median yellow band, transversely striated, and relieved by pale-yellow spots between striations ; this band extends from the rima epigasteris to the spinnerets; laterally the abdomen (ventral surface) is white and reticulated by dark yellow markings. Hpigynum transverse, broader than long, situated on a dark-yellow field; it is bisected, and each half presents an appearance suggestive of a square, at the outer extremity of the lower arm of each of which there is a large oval depression (fig. 24). g. An immature example of this sex is also included in the collection, and bears the same locality and date as that of the two females. It agrees in colour and clothing to the form described above, and is also very similar in abdominal orna- mentaticn. As the palpal organs are not uncovered further description is unnecessary. /Tab.—F lat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges, July 23, 1914. One mature female (damaged) and one immature female (intact), together with an immature male example, all from same locality and collected on the same date. 793 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. Pruate LXVIT. Fig. 1. Aganippe whitei; eyes. ae cp Hp scheme of dentition. » 93 Cryptoerithus occultus; cephalothorax. ee FAs - A abdomen in profile. oo. a3 Ns epigynum. », 6. Echemus(?) griseus; male, palpus from above.. » ¢. Argyrodes binotata; male, palpus from above. ers Oe ¥ 3 abdomen. » 9. Dolophones intricata. », 10. » ” epigynum, Pirate LXVITI. Hig. 11. Dolophones thomisoides. », 12. Tmarus punctatus. om okey, - a abdomen in profile. » 14. Diaea pulleinei; male, palpus from beneath. ” 15. Ee) SS », 16. Lycosa nigropunctata. we Pa epigynum. », 18. Pseudohostus squamosus; eyes. sta bp au) re maxulae and labium. ea). a 3 in profile. “ 1) epigynum. », 22. Servaea obscura; epigynum. », 28. Trite ornata; in profile. eA. 5 - eplgynum. () INSECTA. By Artuur M. Lea, F.E.S., Museum Entomologist. [Contribution from the South Australian Museum. ] The collection of invertebrates brought back by Captain: White consisted altogether of 1,653 specimens; of the true- insects, the ants have been worked out by Professor Wheeler (of Harvard University), the moths by Dr. Turner (of Bris- bane), and the beetles by myself; the bugs have been sent to> Mr. Distant (of the British Museum), but the manuscript relating to same has not yet been received. Of the other insects, the Orthoptera are represented by 27 species, the Neuroptera by 6 species, the Diptera by 4 species, and the Hymenoptera (other than ants) by 3 species. Probably, so far as the insects are concerned, a worse time could not have been selected for collecting ; nevertheless, some very interesting species were obtained, and the large pro- portion of new forms amongst the ants indicates how little: is known of these interesting insects from the dryer parts of Australia. Of the beetles, the most interesting species are a. 794 representative of a new genus of weevils and a large ground- beetle, Zyperion schroetteri; the latter hitherto has been sup- ‘posed to be confined to the heavily-timbered districts of Eastern Australia, most of the specimens known having been obtained from the pipes of iron-bark trees and other large species of Hucalyptus, so that its occurrence in the vicinity of Oodnadatta is noteworthy. One very satisfactory feature of the collection is the perfect condition of most of the specimens, other than those of which only fragments were seen. Coleoptera. GARABIDAE. — Calosoma_schageri, Er. Wantapella, Everard Range. C. walkeri, Waterh. Everard Range. Chlaenioidius herbaceus, Chaud. Todmorden. Chlaenius australis, De}. Todmorden. Huryscaphus waterhousei, Macl. (fragments). Everard Range. Hyperion schroettert, Schreib. ‘Oodnadatta. Philophlaeus planus, Chaud. Oodnadatta. Philoscaphus tuberculatus, Macl. (fragments). Everard Range. Phlacocarabus crudelis, Newm. Todmorden _ to Wantapella. Platynus marginmicollis, Mazel. Everard Range. Scaraphites rotundipenms, Dej. Oodnadatta. DytiscipaE.—Antiporus gilberti, Clark. Moorilyanna Eretes australis, Er. Flat Rock Hole. Necterosoma penieil- latum, Clark. Everard Range. HypropHILipAE.—Philhydrus andersom, Blackb. Flat Rock Hole, Todmorden. HISTERIDAE.—Saprinus cyanellus, Mars. Everard Range. NitiputipaE.—Haptoncura lindensis, Blackb. Wanta- pella. Thalycrodes australe, Germ. Todmorden. Cotyp1ipAE.—/itoma hilaris, Blackb. Everard Range. SCARABAEIDAE.—A noplognathus macleayr, Blackb. (frag- ments). Everard Range. Haplonycha testaceipenms, Macl. ‘Oodnadatta. Heteronyx alienus, Blackb. Flat Rock Hole. Semanopterus rectangulus, Blackb. Oodnadatta to Todmor- den. Trox litigiosus, Har. Musgrave and Everard. Ranges. T. quadridens, Blackb. Musgrave and Everard Ranges, Moorilyanna. BuprestipaE.—Chalcophora angulipennis, Blackb. (frag- ments). Everard Range. ELATERIDAE.—Monocrepidius mnitidulus, Cand. Tod- morden. : BostrycuipAE.—Bostrychopsis jesuita, Fab. Flat Rock Hole. TENEBRIONIDAE.—Caedius sphaeroides, Hope. Mooril- yanna. Chalcopterus tinctus, Blackb. Moorilyanna to Everard Range. Hypaulax orcus, Pasc. Indulkana, Wantapella, Mus- grave Ranges. Pterohelaeus fraternus, Blackb. Todmorden, 795 Everard Range. Saragus pascoe, Macl. Everard Range. S. strigiventris, n. sp. Sewrotrana parallela, Germ. Oodna-. datta. Tribolium ferrugineum, Fab. Wantapella. PEpDILIDAE.—“gestria sulcicollis, Blackb. Moorilyanna. CuRCULIONIDAE. — Acantholophus simulator, Ferg. Oodnadatta. Acherres granulatus, Ferg. Flat Rock Hole. Auletes tibialis, n. sp. Cisowhitea longicollis, n. sp. Hpamae- bus ziczac, Lea. Moorilyanna. Glaucopela fasciata, n. sp. Leptops contrarius, Blackb. Musgrave to Everard Ranges. Molochtus tibialis, Sloane. Everard and Musgrave Ranges,. Moorilyanna, Wantapella. Myrmacicelus pilosicornis, n. sp. Polyphrades satelles, Blackb. Musgrave to Everard Ranges. Sclerorhinus eldert, Sloane. Musgrave and Everard Ranges, Flat Rock Hole. Xeda fasciata, n. sp. CERAMBYCIDAE.—Phoracantha posticalis, Blackb. Oodna- datta. P. recurva, Newm. Everard Range, Oodnadatta, Sympetes collaris, Don. Flat Rock Hole. CHRYSOMELIDAE.—Diandichus analis, Chp. Everard Range. Ditromdus whiter, n. sp. Paropsis beata, Newm. Oodnadatta. P. lateralis, Blackb. Wantapella, Everard Range. CoccCINELLIDAE.—Scymnus meyrickt, Black. Mooril- yanna. SARAGUS STRIGIVENTRIS, N. sp. Black; margins of head, prothorax, and elytra obscurely diluted with red; antennae, palpi, and tarsi castaneous. Head with dense but rather small punctures between eyes, much smaller elsewhere. Antennae passing base of prothorax, third joint almost as long as fourth and fifth combined. Pro- thorax at base about four times as wide as median length, rather strongly convex, front angles rounded and produced to widest part of head ; margins rather wide in front and gently upturned, increasing in width to base, and there turned down ; with minute scattered punctures, slightly more conspicuous on sides than elsewhere. Scutellwm almost twice as wide as’ long. SHlytra as wide as long, rather strongly convex, outlines continuous with those of prothorax; with numerous rows (about twenty on each elytron) of distinct but rather small punctures, the interspaces with very minute ones; margins’ wide at the base and narrow posteriorly, feebly wrinkled and with very small punctures; epipleurae widely concave at base,. and gently so at apex. Metasternwm granulate at sides. Abdomen rather densely punctate and longitudinally strigose. Length, 103-12 mm. Hab.—Everard Range. Type, I. 5181. The specimen taken by Captain White is subopaque and’ without legs or antennae, but it was obtained in that condition. 796 A specimen from Eyre Sand Patch (from Blackburn’s collec- tion, taken by W. Graham) is, however, in perfect condition, and is rather highly polished. In general appearance the species is like pascoet on a greatly reduced scale. EGESTRIA SULCICOLLIS, Blackb. There are two co-types of this species in the Museum, both labelled as from Ayers Rock (the type locality). The original description is misleading, as the prothorax was described as “longitudinaliter subtiliter valde perspicue canaliculato” ; as a— matter of fact the prothorax of the male co-type (the other is reversed) has been scratched down the middle, giving it, to a certain extent, a grooved appearance. The hind tibiae of the male are remarkable, and were not even mentioned ; commenc- ing at the base of each there is a conspicuous flange-like process (lightly concave on its upper-surface), that abruptly terminates at the basal third; where it. ends inwardly there is a smaller semi-erect process, that can be easily overlooked from certain directions; but the two from many directions are extremely ‘conspicuous ; the female hind tibiae are not remarkable. Two males and one female were taken by Captain White at Moorilyanna. XEDA- FASCIATA, N. Sp. Black; antennae (club slightly infuscated) and legs (femora almost black) reddish. Moderately densely clothed with scales. Head with. rather dense, partially concealed punctures. Eyes subtriangular, rather closely approaching each other. Rostrum slightly shorter than prothorax; with rather coarse punctures in irregular grooves behind antennae, punctures much smaller in front of same. Scape inserted about one-third from apex of rostrum, about half as long as funicle and club combined ; first joint of funicle as long as two following com- bined. Prothorar lightly transverse, sides almost evenly diminishing in width from base to apex, the former almost twice the width of the latter ; with dense, partially concealed punctures. Hlytra almost parallel-sided to near apex; with rows of subquadrate punctures in rather shallow striae, the punctures becoming smaller, but the striae deeper, on apical slope; interstices with rather dense more or less concealed punctures. Under-surface with dense normally concealed punctures. Legs moderately long; femora rather stout, eden- tate. Length, 34 mm. Hab.—Moocrilyanna. Type (unique), I. 5186. About the size of notabilis, and the derm similarly coloured, but the elytral setae much shorter and less conspicu- ous; on that species they are conspicuous from any direction, 37 but on the present species they are visible only from the sides and scarcely elevated about the general clothing. On the type the clothing on the upper-surface is subdepressed, and consists of rather thin scales or stout setae, white and conspicu- ous in places, black or sooty-brown in others, the derm beneath the latter at first glance appearing to be glabrous; on the head the scales are mostly dark; on the prothorax a large portion of the disc and a fairly large spot on each side are clothed with dark scales, elsewhere the scales are white or whitish ; on the elytra most of the clothing is dark, but there is a rather conspicuous white fascia across the summit of the apical slope, an interrupted one at the apex, and remnants of others across the middle and at the base; on the under-surface the scales are snowy, and closely applied to the derm, but on the second abdominal segment there is a conspicuous median yellowish spot ; on the legs the scales and setae are white. The type is probably a male, and the conspicuous abdominal spot is probably confined to that sex. GLAUCOPELA INTERIORIS, Nn. sp. Reddish-castaneous; metasternum deeply infuscated. Rather densely clothed with depressed scales vary. ng from white to dark-brown. Head with dense, concealed punctures. Eyes separated less than width of rostrum at base. Rostrum about the length of prothorax, moderately curved; with minute punctures except at base, where they are coarse but concealed. Antennae inserted at about basal two-fifths of rostrum, scape scarcely half the length of funicle; basal joint of funicle about as long as the three following combined. Prothorax moderately transverse, base truncate, sides gently rounded from base to in front of middle, and then strongly decreasing in width to apex ; punctures dense but almost entirely concealed. Hlytra not much wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex ; with regular, narrew striae, containing deep punctures ; interstices with dense, concealed punctures. Under-surface with dense, concealed punctures. Legs moderately long ; front coxae eae separated; femora rather stout, edentate. Length, 22 mm. Hab.—Flat Rock Hole. Type (unique), I. 5185. According to Blackburn’s table this species (if not referred to a new genus) should be placed in Glaucopela, but its rostrum is longer in proportion than in any species previously referred to that genus; the front sides of the prothorax are obliquely cut off as on all the species of Glaucopela, and very different. to those of Cydmaea and Dicomada, to which genera, at first glance, it appears to approach. The polished rostrum, clothed 798 only about the extreme base, appears to indicate that the type is a female. The tip of the club is slightly infuscated. Nearly all species of the genus have variable clothing; on the type, evidently in perfect condition, the scales on the head are almost entirely white and fairly dense ; the rostrum is glabrous except at the extreme base; on the prothorax each side is densely clothed with white scales, elsewhere dark chocolate-brown scales are dense, but mixed with a few pale ones; on the elytra the white scales are denser on the apical slope than elsewhere, on a dilated space on the suture before same they are dark, on other parts of the elytra the scales have a somewhat mottled or feebly lineate appearance; on the under-surface and legs the scales are silvery, but with a rosy flush in places,. and slightly greenish on and about the coxae. MyYRMACICELUS PILOSICORNIS, n. sp. Deep black. fHlead with minute punctures. Eyes large and close together. Rostrum lightly curved, about as long as front femora; with dense and rather fine punctures, larger on sides at base than elsewhere. Antennae with apical two-thirds clothed with conspicuous and rather long hairs; scape short ; first joint of funicle distinct but transverse, the others very short and closely apphed; club longer than funicle and scape combined. Prothorax much longer than wide, sides rounded on apical two-thirds ; disc with small but sharply defined punc- tures, becoming larger on sides; base depressed, narrow, sub- opaque, and with crowded punctures. Hlytra subopaque and finely shagreened; with very feeble remnants of striation. Legs rather long and stout; claw joint projecting well beyond lobes of third. Length, 33-4 mm. Hab.—Flat Rock Hole. Type, I. 5183. The subopaque elytra and base of prothorax, with the very different clothing of antennae, readily distinguishes from all previously described species of the genus. AULETES TIBIALIS, N. Sp. Deep black, but in places with a vague brassy gloss; knees and tibiae more or less reddish. Upper-surface with moder- ately long and almost uniform ashen pubescence, becoming shorter on under-surface. Head evenly convex; with moderately dense and small, but sharply defined punctures. Eyes very prominent. Ros- trum rather long, slightly dilated to apex; with fairly coarse punctures and an impressed line at base, elsewhere with much smaller punctures. Antennae long and thin, inserted almost at extreme base of rostrum. Prothorax almost as long as hod wide, sides gently increasing in width from apex to near base, and then suddenly narrowed; with dense and fairly coarse punctures. Llytra not very wide, each with a narrow sutural stria; with dense punctures, small and rugose posteriorly ; some large ones on basal third. Length, 24 mm. Hab.—Flat Rock Hole. Type (unique), I. 5184. A deep-black species, larger and more regularly clothed than wniformis, with narrower elytra and shorter and almost straight rostrum; wmitator is a smaller species, with darker tibiae, shorter rostrum, and sparser clothing. On the basal third of each elytron there are some fairly large punctures, forming short irregular rows (about four) on the sutural half ; immediately behind the shoulders there are some similar punc- tures, but with the linear arrangement less conspicuous. CISOWHITEA, Nn. g. Head small, concealed from above. Eyes lateral, coarsely faceted. Rostrum long, rather thin, almost straight ; scrobes invisible from above. Antennae inserted almost in exact middle of sides of rostrum ; scape about half as long as funicle and club combined, first: joint of funicle as long as two follow- ing combined, the others short; club rather short. Pro- thorax subconical, front rather strongly produced, ocular lobes feeble. Scutellum apparently absent. Hlytra distinctly wider than prothorax, elongate subcordate, each separately rounded at base. Pectoral canal deep and moderately wide, leaving four front coxae exposed internally, and ending as a slight notch in metasternum. Metasternum moderately long; epi- sterna narrow. Two basal segments of abdomen elongate. Legs not very long ; femora stout, edentate, not grooved ; tibiae bisinuate on lower-surface, apex with a short stout spur ; tarsi rather short, third joint moderately bilobed but not wider than the preceding ones, claw joint moderately long. Densely Squamose. A very curious genus of the Cryptorhynchides; the type in general appearance from above appears to belong to the vicinity of Achopera, but the pectoral canal is very different to that of any of the alles of Chaetectetorus, except Deretiosus, whose legs and prothorax are very different ; for the present, however, it may be referred to the vicinity of that genus. The structure of the under-surface is distinctly suggestive of affinity with d/icroberosiris, but it differs in its head concealed from above, prothorax longer than wide, with the sides scarcely rounded, but obliquely decreasing in width from base to apex ; the tarsi are very different, the third joint being no wider than the preceding ones (instead of much wider, as in that genus), and the claw joint is almost as long as the others 800 combined, instead of much shorter. I have not made certain,, but believe the type to be winged, and a male. CISOWHITEA LONGICOLLIS, N. sp. Black ; antennae of a dingy-red, club and rostrum darker. Densely clothed. Rostrum about as long as prothorax, very feebly diminish- ing in width from base to apex; apical half without distinct punctures. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide, apex about: half the width of base. Hlytra about one-third wider than prothorax, and about twice as long, sides evenly decreasing in width from near base. Length, 3 mm. Hab.—Moorilyanna. Type (unique), I. 5187. The clothing is so dense that, except for the apical half of rostrum (which is entirely glabrous), the antennae and claws (which are sparsely clothed), the derm is everywhere concealed ; it consists of soft scales, closely applied to the derm, and on the upper-surface varying in colour from almost white, through fawn, to sooty-black ; the whitish scales are irregularly distributed, but form fairly distinct patches on each side of base of prothorax (continued on to shoulders), and a slight fascia at summit of apical slope; in addition, there are stout scales rising above the surface, fairly dense on prothorax, and forming a regular series on each interstice of elytra, but similar in colour to the other scales amongst which they are set. On the under-surface (including the whole of the pectoral canal) the scales are white; on the legs they are mostly white, but the femora are feebly ringed, and the upper parts have a speckled appearance; on the head the scales are mostly dark, irregularly changing to white on the rostrum. The type has not been abraded, so that the description of the sculpture will need amplification when a specimen is available for that pur- pose ; punctures appear to be faintly indicated on the head and prothorax, and they are probably dense there and on the ~ elytra; the elytral striae appear as very narrow lines, but on abrasion would probably appear much wider, and to be sup- plied with large punctures. From some directions the base of the prothorax appears to be truncate, but from others feebly produced in the middle. Seen from the side the upper edge of the rostrum appears to be almost level from apex to base, and to suddenly slope downwards from level with the middle of the eye; but this appearance is certainly enhanced by the clothing. DITROPIDUS WHITEI, n. sp. Brassy ; appendages more or less brassy-black, but three basal joints of antennae and tips of mandibles obscurely diluted with red. Clothed with fine whitish pubescence, 801 moderately dense on head, sides of prothorax, pygidium, and under-surface, very short and rather indistinct, but almost evenly distributed on elytra and disc of prothorax, and dense on flanks of metasternum. Head with rather dense but partially concealed punctures. Antennae slightly passing base of prothorax. Prothoraxz with dense punctures, except for a short, shining, median line, to- wards sides and base, with a tendency to become obliquely or longitudinally confluent. Hlytra slightly narrower than widest part of prothorax ; with oblique rows of distinct but not very large punctures, larger behind shoulders than elsewhere ; interstices with rather dense, small punctures, having a ten- dency in places to become confluent. Legs short and stout. Length, 4 mm. Hab.—Flat Rock Hole. Type, I. 5182. In general appearance fairly close to pubicollis, but prothoracic punctures much more distinct, median line of the head less distinct, legs entirely black, and antennae almost so. The elytral pubescence, although extremely short, is fairly distinct from certain directions, although from others appear- ing like fine dust. The species occurs also at Leigh Creek (Blackburn’s collection), Cue (H. W. Brown), and Fraser Range) (Elder Expedition). Some of the specimens have an irregular bluish or purplish gloss in places, but this may be due to grease; one has five basal joints of antennae reddish. Lepidoptera. Suborder HETEROCERA. By A. JEFFERIS TuRNER, M.D., F.E.S. The following species of Lepidoptera were taken by Capt. S. A. White in Central Australia ‘‘from Oodnadatta. to the Musgrave and Everard Ranges’’ :— Family NOCTUIDAE. Neocleptria punctifera, Wik., three examples. Euxoa radians, Gn., five examples. One species undetermined, represented by a solitary example in poor condition. It probably represents a new genus allied to Calophasidia, Hmps. (1) A specimen from Fraser Range was identified by the late Rev. T. Blackburn as cistellus; but that species is entirely glabrous on the upper-surface (in the original description no clothing of any kind was mentioned), and differs in other respects. AA 802 Family LYMANTRIADAE. Anthela rubicunda, Swin., one male example. Family GEOMETRIDAE. Taxeotis, sp. One female example. Boarmia, sp. One male example, somewhat rubbed, which I am unable to identify. HARPAGOCNEMA, n. gen. (aprayoxvypos, With hooked shins). Frons with well-marked rounded prominence. Tongue well developed. Palpi moderately long (2), porrect; second joint thickened with scales beneath; terminal joint short, obtuse. Antennae of male shortly bipectinate, towards apex simple. Thorax with a sharp keel-shaped anterior crest, its apex bent forwards; beneath densely hairy. Abdomen smooth. Anterior tibiae very short with two stout horny apical hooks, the inner hook long, the outer very short. Pos- terior tibiae of male not dilated. Forewings narrow-elongate ; in male without fovea; 10 and 11 long-stalked, not anastomosing. Hindwings much broader than forewings (over 2); cell long (2). One of the Chienias group, apparently near Capusa, but very distinct in the stalking of veins 10 and 11, hooked anterior tibiae, sharp anterior thoracic crest, and pectinations of male antennae. HARPAGOCNEMA EREMOPLANA, Nl. Sp. (€pnuorAavos, wandering in the desert). 3, Q; 39-42 mm.. Head, thorax, and palpi dark-grey, irrorated with whitish; centre of face brownish-ochreous. Antennae ochreous-fuscous; pectinations in male 2, apical 4 simple. Abdomen ochreous-whitish, irrorated with grey. Legs whitish, irrorated with dark-fuscous; anterior pair dark- fuscous. Forewings narrow-elongate, costa gently arched towards apex, apex subrectangular, termen rather obliquely rounded, finely dentate; dark-grey, with some whitish irror- ation and some bien streaks on veins; a blackish streak on dorsum from near base to tornus; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen doubly sinuate; whitish, with grey streaks on veins ; a grey discal spot beyond middle; a dark-grey suffusion at apex; cilia whitish, at apex grey. Two examples. 803 Family EUPTEROTIDAE. Ochrogaster contraria, Wlik., one example. Family LASIOCAMPIDAE. EREMAEA, n. gen. (épypouos, of the desert). Head with dense anteriorly projecting hairs. Palpi short, porrect. densely hairy, not reaching beyond frons. Forewings with 2 from about middle of cell, 3 from #, 4 and 5 from near angle, 6 from near upper angle, 7 and 8 connate or short-stalked, 9 and 10 stalked, 11 from before middle. Hindwings with cell open between 4 and 6, discocellular being obsolete; 7 from near base of cell, 8 anastomosing with 7 near its origin, precostal spur obsolete. Abdomen with large terminal tuft of long hairs in male. This distinct and interesting genus belongs to the Creza- Pinara group. EREMAEA ZONOSPILA. Bombyx zonospila, Low.: Trans. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1903, p. 150. 6, 38 mm. Head and thorax pale-grey; palpi and lower edge of face blackish. Antennae grey-whitish; pectin- ations in male extremely long (12), ochreous. Abdomen fuscous; base and apical tuft pale-grey. Legs grey. Fore- wings elongate, costa straight, apex rounded, termen rounded, moderately oblique; pale-grey, with two lines of blackish dots more or less confluent, first from 4 costa to dorsum before middle, second from #% costa to dorsum beyond middle, the two lines converging; the first line edged posteriorly and the second anteriorly with orange-ochreous dots; cilia pale-grey. Hindwings with termen strongly rounded; fuscous; cilia pale-grey. Two male examples. The type is from Eucla, South Australia. Family PYRALIDAE. Subfamily PHYCITINAE. Crocydopora cinigerella, W\k., two examples. Etiella behri, Zel., one example. TYLOCHARES GONIOSTICHA, n. sp. (ywvioortyos, With angled Jine). 36,20mm. Head fuscous, with some whitish irroration. Palpi whitish irrorated with grey, with a fuscous ring at the apex of each joint, and a fourth on middle of second joint. AA2 804 Antennae fuscous; in male thickened, without sub-basal tuft. Thorax fuscous with some whitish irroration. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous, with fine whitish irroration. Forewings narrow, costa gently arched, apex rounded-rectangular, termen rounded, scarcely oblique; fuscous-grey with some patches of brownish suffusion, towards base and apex rather thickly irrorated with whitish ; a tuft of raised scales in middle at % followed by a brownish suffusion ; an irregularly dentate dark-fuscous transverse line at 4, edged anteriorly with whitish; a second tuft of raised scales on fold immediately following first lne; a brownish spot in disc beyond middle edged anteriorly and posteriorly with dark-fuscous; a second dark-fuscous line, edged pos- teriorly with whitish, from # costa, at first inwards, then bent outwards, and forming a very sharp prominent tooth in disc, above tornus obscured by a brownish suffusion; a terminal series of dark-fuscous dots; cilia grey, irrorated with white. Hindwings with termen slightly sinuate; whitish, with slight grey suffusion on apex and termen; cilia whitish. This species should be easily distinguished by the raised tufts and sharply-angled posterior line of forewings. One example, in good condition. Subfamily PYRAUSTINAE. Sceliodes cordalis, Dbld., one example. Loxostege affinitalis, Led., nineteen examples. Metasia, sp., one example. Metasia, sp., one example. Nomophila noctuella, Schiff., two examples. Scoparia schizodesma, Low., one example. Scoparia, sp., three examples. Family TINEIDAE. Subfamily OECOPHORINAE. Macrobathra_ alternateila, Wlk.(?), one imperfect ex- ample, with the tornal spot obsolete; probably referable to this species. Nephogenes, sp., one example. Nov. gen., et sp.(?), two wasted examples. Philobota, sp., one wasted example. Heliocausta, sp., one example. Subfamily XYLORYCTIN AE. Procometis, sp., one example. 865 Hymenoptera. By Wivutam Morton WHEELER. [Contribution from Harvard University. | Puates LXIV. tro LXVI. Family FORMICIDAE. Subfamily PONERIDES. 1. Myrmercia vinpex, F. Smith, var. DESERTORUM, n. var. Worker.—Length, 15-17 mm. Resembling the var. nigriceps, Mayr., in colouration, but with the red of the thorax and pedicel a shade more yellowish, and more like the typical vwindez in size and pilosity, the latter being conspicuously more abundant than in nigriceps, especially on the thoracic dorsum. The sculpture of the thorax is also distinctly feebler and the surface more opaque than in this variety and the typical form. Four workers from Todmorden. 2. RHYTIDOPONERA cCORNUTA, Emery, subsp. Taurus, Forel. A single worker from Moorilyanna, agreeing very closely with a co-type in my collection. 3. RHYTIDOPONERA (CHALCOPONERA) METALLICA, F’. Smith, var. PURPURASCENS, Nn. var. Worker.—Length, 7 mm. Differing from the typical metallica from Eastern Aus- tralia in colour, the head, thorax, petiole, and gaster being deep metallic-violet, with the legs, mandibles, and a large spot on the vertex purplish-brown, and the antennae black. The sculpture is very much like that of. the typical form, except that the rugosity on the pronotum is somewhat more irregular and the fine rugae are more nearly of the same character on the first and second gastric segments. A single worker from Moorilyanna. 4. BoTHROPONERA PILIVENTRIS, F. Smith. A single worker, taken between the Musgrave Ranges and Moorilyanna. 5. LeproGEeNnys (LOBOPELTA) CONIGERA, Mayr., var. CENTRALIS, n. var. lVorker.—Length, 6°5-7 mm. Differing from the typical form and the var. adlerzi, Forel, of Queensland in the following characters: —The head 806 is somewhat broader in the region of the eyes, and these are decidedy more convex; the epinotum is much less angular, more rounded, and sloping ; the petiole in profile lower in front and with a more evenly-rounded slope rising to the highest point at the posterior end of the segment; the petiole, the penultimate antennal joints, and the hairs on the body are decidedly longer than in adlerzi. ¢.—Length, 6°5 mm. Head, including the eyes, broader than long; eyes very large; cheeks extremely short. Mandibles very small, far from meeting, with rounded, edentate tips. Clypeus very convex, but not carinate, with broadly-rounded anterior border. Antennal scape as long as the second funicular joint; first funicular joint longer than broad. Thorax through the wing insertions about as broad as the head through the eyes; mesonotum without Mayrian furrows, con- vex, broadly elliptical, a little longer than broad, not concealing the pronotum when seen from above. Epinotum rather long, in profile sloping, the base about twice as long as the declivity. Petiole similar to that of the worker, but proportionately shorter. Gaster and legs slender. Head and thorax sub- opaque, punctate-rugulose; gaster more shining, distinctly shagreened. Hairs and pubescence grayish, more abundant and the hairs shorter than in the worker. Head, thorax, petiole, and gaster black ; antennae dark brown; genitalia and legs brownish-yellow. Wings grayish-hyaline, with brown veins and apterostigma. . Described from a single male and eleven workers taken at. Moorilyanna. 6. ODOoNTOMACHUS HAEMATODA, L., subsp. corntaRius, Mayr. A single large worker, measuring 115 mm., from Moorilyanna. Subfamily MYRMICIDES. 7. PoDOMYRMA BIMACULATA, Forel. Two workers from Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges, agreeing very closely with Forel’s description of the typical form from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. 8. MonoMoRIUM ROTHSTEINI, Forel, var. TOSTUM, n. var. Worker.—Length, less than 2 mm. Differing from the typical form and the vars. hwmilior,. Forel, and /eda, Forel, in colour; the head, petiole, and post- petiole being dark castaneous-brown; the thorax, antennae, and legs reddish-brown; the gaster black. The nodes of the petiole and postpetiole are lower than in the type and more es Slt ii‘ TS 807 as in the var. humilior. The posterior margin of the head is distinctly excavated, the node of the petiole is more pointed than in the type, the epinotum proportionately smaller and more rounded and somewhat smoother and more shining above. Two workers from the Everard Range. 9. MonomoriIum (HOLCOMYRMEX) WHITEI, n. sp. Piss ixiw:; he. 2 and lyic,. tien ae Worker major.—Length, 4-4°5 mm. Head very large (1:3 mm. broad), subrectangular, as broad as long, nearly as broad behind as in front, with much- rounded posterior corners, straight, subparallel sides, and the posterior margin distinctly and acutely excised in the middle. Mandibles large and very convex, with four large, subequal teeth. Clypeus broad, its anterior border deeply excised in the middle, with two sharp carinae, each prolonged into a strong, acute tooth, which is flanked by a somewhat shorter and blunter lateral tooth. Frontal carina short and promi- nent; frontal area large, impressed, with a short median earinula behind; frontal groove distinct nearly as far as the middle of the head. Eyes very large, flat, nearly as long as the cheeks, in front of the median transverse diameter of the head. Antennae slender, 12-jointed; scapes curved at the base, slightly thickened at their tips, which extend a little beyond the posterior orbits; funiculi without a clava, all the joints longer than broad; joints 7-10 subequal, terminal shorter than the two penultimate joints taken together. ‘Thorax broadest through the pronotum, where it is scarcely more than half as broad as the head. Pronotum very convex, almost conical in profile; mesonotum straight in profile, sloping backward to the mesoépinotal suture, which is dis- tinctly impressed. Promesonotal suture obsolete. Epinotum about two-thirds as broad as the pronotum, longer than broad, with subparallel sides; in profile with feebly and evenly con- vex base one and a half times as long as the slightly concave declivity, the two surfaces separated on each side by a distinct but blunt tubercle continued backward as a slight ridge. Petiole pedunculate, from above twice as long as broad through the node, which is rather high and conical, with very similar anterior and posterior surfaces, the former rising rather abruptly from the peduncle. Postpetiole from above somewhat broader than the petiole, about one and a half times as long as broad, in profile convex and rounded, but much lower than the petiolar node. Gaster large, broadly and regularly ellip- tical, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. Legs rather long. 808 Surface of body, especially of the gaster, shining. Man- dibles coarsely and rather obliquely rugose, and coarsely punctate along their borders. Head very finely and densely longitudinally striate and sparsely punctate, posterior corners a little smoother and more shining. Thorax, petiole, and post- petiole very finely and densely punctate and feebly rugulose on the epinotum; pronotum somewhat smoother and more shining on the middle above. Gaster and legs glabrous, shining, with fine, scattered, piligerous punctures. Hairs yellowish, coarse, bristly, rather long, erect, and moderately abundant on the body; shorter, oblique, and more numerous on the legs. Gula without a psammophore. Ferruginous-red ; clypeus, frontal area, extreme anterior corners of the head, and the mandibular teeth black ; gaster and legs paler than the remainder of the body, yellowish-red. Described from four specimens taken at Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges. This species is very peculiar in having large eyes and two pairs of powerful teeth on the clypeus. The subgenus. Holcomyrmex was supposed to be confined to North Africa, Asia Minor, and the Indian Region till Viehmeyer recently described from a worker minor a species (H. foreli) from Killalpaninna, South Australia. Although I have seen only major workers of 1. whitei, I do not believe that they can be co-specific with foreli, for this form has no teeth on the clypeus, the gula bears a psammophore, the head is not sculptured above and behind, and the colour is very different, being described as chestnut-brown, with the head and gaster darker, the segments of-the latter bordered with yellow, etc. 7H. whiter is undoubtedly a harvesting ant, like its North African and Indian congeners. The nests, of which Captain White secured an interesting photograph, are craters of a very pecu- har, chimney-like form. 10. CREMATOGASTER WHITEI, N. Sp. Worker.—Length, 2 mm. Head slightly broader than long, convex above, sub- rectangular, as broad in front as behind, with rather convex sides, rounded posterior corners, and feebly excised posterior border. Mandibles narrow, apparently 4-toothed. Clypeus very convex, with nearly straight anterior margin. Frontal area and groove absent; frontal carinae very short. Eyes moderately convex, their anterior orbits at the middle of the sides of the head. Antennae 11-jointed; scapes reaching a little beyond the posterior orbits; funicular joints 2-7 small, as broad as long; club 2-jointed, its basal about half as long . are 809 as its terminal joint. Thorax very short and robust, nowhere marginate; pronotum and mesonotum together as broad as long, not separated by a suture and without a median carina, trapezoidal, rapidly tapering behind, with rounded humeri ; in profile about as long as high, somewhat flattened dorsally ; mesoépinotal constriction narrow and pronounced. Epinotum short, broader than long, with the base flat and shorter than the declivity, the spines as long as the base, slender, parallel, acute, directed backward, and very slightly upward. Petiole a little longer than broad, a little broader in front than behind, with broadly-rounded anterior corners and straight sides. Postpetiole transverse, convex, without any trace of a median furrow, but distinctly emarginate behind. Gaster large, with straight anterior border. Legs rather slender. Head, thorax, and pedicel opaque ; mandibles very finely and densely longitudinally striated ; head, thorax, and pedicel very finely, densely, and uniformly punctate: clypeus, front, and cheeks also finely longitudinally rugulose. Gaster shining, very finely and superficially reticulate. Hairs white, long, and erect on the clypeus and venter, short and almost absent on the upper-surface of the body, very minute, scattered and appressed on the scapes and legs. Pubescence very sparse and rather long, most distinct on the gaster. Dark-brown; gaster black ; mandibles, antennae, and legs brownish-yellow, middle portions of femora and tibiae brown. Described from a single worker taken in the Everard Range. This species is easily distinguished from any of the other known Australian species of the genus by its peculiar sculpture. It seems to resemble C. mjéberyi, Forel, from Kimberley, North-western Australia, judging from the description; but this ‘species has a three-jointed antennal club, the head is smooth and shining, and the mesonotum has a median longi- tudinal impression. 11. CREMATOGASTER LONGICEPS, Forel, var. CURTICEPS, n. var. Worker.—Differing from the typical longiceps in the shape of the head and in its much darker colour. The head is only as long as broad and very nearly rectangular, with straight, parallel sides and very feebly concave posterior border. Above it is very shining, but covered with minute, scattered punctures. The body is reddish-brown throughout, except the gaster, which is black. The absence of pilosity is as conspicuous as in the type. There are, however, several long, slender hairs on the gula and clypeus, and the pubescence on the head and gaster is rather long, but very dilute. 810 Sixteen workers from Ellery Creek in the MacDonnell Ranges. The typical longiceps is also taken in Central Aus- tralia (Tennant Creek). 12. CREMATOGASTER XEROPHILA, 0. sp. Worker.—Length, 2°5-2°8 mm. Head subrectangular, very little broader than long, with straight, parallel sides and posterior border. Eyes rather convex, behind the median transverse diameter of the head. Mandibles narrow, apparently 4-toothed. Clypeus very con- vex, with straight, entire anterior margin. Frontal carinae extremely small; frontal area distinct, triangular; frontal groove short and rather indistinct. Antennae 11-jointed ; scapes reaching a little beyond the posterior border of the head ; funiculus with a 2-jointed club; joints 3-8. as broad as long. Thorax rather small and narrow; promesonotal suture indistinct or obsolete; pronotum and mesonotum bluntly margined on the sides, together as broad as long, with broadly- rounded humeri, rapidly narrowing behind to the mesoépinotal constriction, which is pronounced. In profile the dorsal sur- face is flattened and the mesonotum without a carina, falling rather abruptly behind to the mesoépinotal suture. Epinotum with a very short base and a large, concave declivity between ' the spines, which are broad at the base, rapidly tapering and acute, as long as the base of the epinotum, laterally compressed and directed outward, upward, and backward. Petiole dis- tinctly longer than broad, as broad behind as in front, with straight parallel sides, much rounded anterior and slightly rounded posterior corners. In profile it is wedge-shaped, narrow in front, with straight ventral and dorsal surfaces. Postpetiole globose, as broad as the petiole, without a trace of a longitudinal furrow or posterior emargination. Gaster acutely pointed, with straight anterior border. Shining ; mandibles and clypeus longitudinally rugulose ; cheeks and sides of front finely striated, remainder of head glabrous, with fine, scattered, piligerous punctures. Thorax more opaque, its sides finely and densely punctate-rugulose, upper-surface of pronotum and.mesonotum very coarsely and reticulately rugose. Concavity of epinotum shining, super- ficially and finely punctate. Petiole, postpetiole, and gaster smooth and shining. Hairs yellowish, sparse, slender, and tapering, erect on the body, short and appressed on the appendages. Anterior surfaces of the antennal scapes with a few erect hairs. Pubescence absent on the body. Chestnut- brown; head and gaster blackish; femora and tibiae darker than the thorax. In one specimen the thorax is as dark as the head. Described from five workers taken at Moorilyanna. x 8il This species is quite distinct from any of the described Australian Crematogasters in the shape of the petiole and the very pronounced sculpture of the thorax. 13. CREMATOGASTER XEROPHILA, var. EXIGUA, Nn. var. Worker.—Length, 1°5-1°7 mm. Differing from the typical form in its smaller size, in the shorter antennal scapes, which scarcely reach beyond the posterior border of the head, and the differently shaped petiole and postpetiole. The petiole is scarcely longer than broad and a little broader behind than in front; the postpetiole has a distinct trace of a longitudinal furrow. The median funicular joints are a little more transverse. The head, scapes, and gaster are black, the thorax, petiole, and legs brown, the funiculi yellowish-brown. Two workers from Moorilyanna. Subfamily DOLICHODERIDES. 14. [R1DOMYRMEX DETECTUS, F. Smith, var. VIRIDIAENEUS, ‘Viehmeyer. This very handsome variety of one of the commonest Australian ants was recently described from Killalpaninna, South Australia. The body of the worker is deep metallic- green, sometimes with aeneous or violet reflections on the gaster. The mandibles, anterior border of head, antennae, and tarsi are ferruginous, the legs purplish-red. Among the material collected by Captain White are three workers from the Everard Range, one from Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges, and a dedlated female from Todmorden. The female is poorly preserved and very greasy, but seems to agree very closely in size, structure, and colouration with the female of the typical detectus. According to a note accompanying the specimens the nest of the var. viridiaeneus has a slit-shaped orifice. 15. [R1DOMYRMEX DIScoRS, Forel, var. AENEOGASTER, Nn. var. Worker.—Differing from the typical discors in colour and pubescence. The head and thorax are deep-red, the antennae and legs dark-brown, the gaster with bronzy- instead of metallic-green reflections. The pubescence covering the body and appendages is decidedly more abundant, so that the whole surface seems to be more opaque. The head is shaped much as in the type, and is, if anything, a little larger and broader behind, approaching the condition in the subspecies occipitalis, Forel, 812 but this and its var. exilior, Forel, are even paler in colour than the typical discors. The new variety is very close to var. obscurior, Forel, from Victoria, in pubescence, but this form is brownish-yellow, with the head and gaster brown, the latter with feeble metallic-green reflections. A single worker from Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges. 16. [RIDOMYRMEX CYANEUS, N. sp. Worker.—Length, 1°5-1°7 mm. Head a little longer than broad, as broad behind as in front, broadest in the middle through the convex sides. Pos- terior border nearly straight. Eyes rather large, feebly con- vex, in the median transverse diameter of the head. Mandibles. small, retracted under the clypeus, which is very convex, with feebly and sinuately excised anterior border. Frontal area distinct, triangular; frontal carinae short; frontal groove absent. Antennal scapes extending to the posterior border of the head, funicular joints 2-10 slightly broader than long, first joint three times as long as broad. Thorax much nar- rower than the head, rather short; pronotum convex, evenly rounded, as broad as long; mesonotum a little broader than long, sloping, straight in profile; mesoépinotal constriction short and deep; epinotum with a very convex, almost conical base, rising rather abruptly from the mesoépinotal suture and falling behind into the rather steep and straight declivity. Petiole inclined forward, elliptical from behind, with rounded, entire apical border, narrower than the epinotum and about half as high. Gaster of the usual shape. Legs rather slender. Surface of body shining, very finely but distinctly shagreened. Hairs whitish, absent except on the clypeus; pubescence extremely fine and appressed, visible only on the appendages. Body deep metallic-blue, antennae and legs piceous-black. Two workers, one from Black Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges and one from Moorilyanna. This species resembles J. innocens, Forel, in the shape of the thorax and petiole, but the head is of a very different shape, the antennal scapes and mesonotum are much shorter and the body is pilose and metallic. 17. IRIDOMYRMEX RUFONIGER, Lowne, var. A single worker from Moorilyanna is very clcse to the var. domesticus, Forel, but is smaller (2°5 mm.). It may represent a distinct variety, but the material is insufficient to justify the introduction of a new name. 813 18. IRIDOMYRMEX GRACILIS, Lowne, supsp. SPURCUS, n. subsp. lVorker.—Length, 2°4-2°6 mm. Differing from the typical graczlis in its much smaller size, in lacking all metallic reflections, and in having the petiole much more compressed anteroposteriorly, and therefore more acute at the apex. The pilosity and pubescence are somewhat less abundant, and the surface of the body is therefore more shining. “bree specimens, taken at Moorilyanna. These are not well preserved. More satisfactory material may show that this form is really a distinct species. Subfamily CAMPONOTIDES. 19. MELOPHORUS LATICEPS, Nn. sp. Bi. ixvii; fig: 2. @. Length, 8 mm. Head, excluding the mandibles, nearly twice as broad as long, subrectangular, with rounded posterior corners and nearly straight posterior border. Eyes small, convex, just behind the median transverse diameter of the head. Ocelli very small and close together. Mandibles large, with oblique, coarsely 4-toothed blades, which are curiously prismatic, with two flattened planes on their upper-surfaces, meeting at an angle formed by a coarse ridge from the base to the third tooth from the apex. Clypeus very short and broad, feebly convex, with straight, entire anterior and curved posterior border. Frontal carinae very small; frontal area large but indistinct ; frontal groove distinct, especially just in front of the ocelli. Antennae slender, scapes not reaching to the posterior border of the head ; first funicular joint as long as the three succeed- ing joints together; joints 2-5 nearly twice as long as broad, remaining joints shorter, except the last, which is twice as long as the penultimate. Thorax very short and thickset, less than one and a half times as long as broad, and but little longer than high. Mesonotum evenly convex, nearly one and two- third times as broad as long. Epinotum very short, steep in profile, without distinct base and declivity, rounded and slightly convex above, more flattened below. Petiole small, thickened below, rapidly attenuated and narrowed above where the compressed border terminates in two flat teeth. Gaster large, broadly elliptical, somewhat flattened above. Wings as long as the body (8 mm.). Very smooth and shining; mandibles coarsely and regu- larly longitudinally rugose; gaster finely shagreened. Gula and clypeus with very long, curved, yellow hairs, forming a distinct psammophore. WUHairs shorter and very sparse on the 814 remainder of the body; legs with abundant, short appressed hairs; those on the scapes similar, but even shorter. Man- dibles deep-red; head, thorax, and petiole bright yellowish- red ; gaster black; anus, transverse bands on the venter, the legs, and antennae yellow. Wings distinctly yellowish, with pale-brown veins and apterostigma. A single specimen, taken between Todmorden and Wanta- pella. This may be the hitherto unknown female of -//. wheelert, Forel, originally described from Tennant Creek, Central Australia. 20. Camponotus (MyRMOTURBA) MACULATUS, Fabr., subsp. NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Mayr. Numerous workers from Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges. These are a little more hairy and somewhat larger than specimens from New South Wales, but hardly represent a distinct variety. 21. Camponotus (MyrmotTurBA) MACULATUS, Fabr., subsp. piscors, Forel. One major and three minor workers from Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges agree very closely with Forel’s descrip- tion of specimens from Pera Bore, New South Wales. The thorax of the major is much like that of the var. laetus, Forel, from Tennant Creek, Central Australia, but the colour is that of the typical form of the species. 22. Camponotus (MyRMOTURBA) LATRUNCULUS, DN. Sp. Pl. Ixvi,,. figs:, 3) and, 4. Worker major.—Length, about 9 mm. ~ Head large, not longer than broad, broader behind than in front, very convex above, with the posterior border nearly straight and the sides convex. Eyes rather large and convex. Mandibles convex, 6-toothed. Clypeus feebly, but distinctly, carinate, its anterior border projecting as a short, rather nar- row lobe, with straight median border and the sides rather broadly emarginate. Frontal area distinct, transverse, diamond-shaped; frontal groove distinct, frontal carinae moderately far apart, curved and diverging behind. Antennae rather slender, scapes extending about one-fifth their length beyond the posterior border of the head. Thorax robust, with distinct promesonotal and mesoépinotal sutures, pronotum as broad as long, convex, rounded above; mesonotum also con- vex, continuing the curve of the pronotum. There is a distinct but slght constriction of the thorax at the mesoépi- notal suture, behind which the rather narrowed and only 815 slightly compressed epinotum descends with a rounded slope, lacking a distinct base and declivity. Petiole small and nar- row, in profile cuneate, with convex ventral and anterior and flat posterior surface; apical border rather sharp, bluntly pointed when seen from behind. Gaster broadly elliptical. Legs rather slender, hind tibiae cylindrical. Smooth and shining; mandibles sparsely and not very coarsely punctate; remainder of body finely shagreened ; cheeks and gaster sparsely punctate. Hairs yellow, erect, sparse on the body and along the flexor surfaces of the femora and at their tips. Hind tibiae with several rows of bristles on their flexor surfaces. Pubscence very fine and dense, visible only on the sides of the thorax and on the appendages. Chestnut-red ; antennal scapes blackish; gaster black, with yellowish margins to the segments. Legs yellowish-brown. A single specimen from Todmorden. I am unable to refer this ant to any of the Australian species described by previous writers. The thorax feebly approaches that of C. (Myrmosphincta) intregyidus, Kirby, in shape, but the form of the head and clypeus show that it belongs more properly in the subgenus Myrmoturba. 23. Camponotus (MyYRMOGONIA) EREMICUS, N. sp. Pl, sixvi., figs? band 6: Worker major.—Length, 7 mm. Head trapezoidal, longer than broad, broader behind than in front, with straight, transverse posterior border and feebly convex cheeks. Eyes large, convex, their anterior orbits at the middle of the sides of the head. Mandibles 6-toothed, their outer margins straight at the base, strongly convex at the tips. Clypeus strongly carinate, its anterior border not produced or lobed, feebly and sinuately excised in the middle. Frontal area small, triangular, indistinct; frontal groove distinct ; frontal carinae closely approximated anteriorly, curved, and more diverging behind. Antennae slender, scapes reaching about two-fifths of their length beyond the posterior corners of the head. Pronotum as broad as long, flattened above, with a sharp semicircular ridge around its anterior surface, and extending back to the middle of its sides. Promesonotal suture pronounced ; mesoépinotal suture absent, the mesonotum and epinotum together twice as long as broad, so compressed laterally as to be reduced dorsally to a rather sharp, blade-like edge. In profile the mesoépinotum is as high as long, the dorsal edge feebly and evenly convex and as long as the declivity, which is abrupt and feebly con- cave. Petiole rather narrow, cuneate in profile, thick below, with a distinct ventral protuberance, feebly convex anterior 816 and straight posterior surface, and sharp apical border, which seen from behind is rounded and entire. Gaster of the usual shape. Legs rather slender; tibiae cylindrical. Shining ; thorax slightly more opaque. Mandibles rather coarsely punctate; head and thorax densely punctate-reticu- late, gaster very finely, transversely. rugulose. Hairs erect, short, very sparse, present only on the mandibles, clypeus, front, and venter. Femora with a few bristles at their tips: tibiae with a sparse row of bristles along their flexor surfaces. Pubescence absent on the body, very short, sparse, and appressed on the tibiae and scapes. Black; mandibles, elypeus, cheeks, and front deep-red; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown; coxae, femora, and tibiae yellow; knees infuscated. Worker minor.—Length, 55-6 mm. Body slender; head subrectangular, about as broad behind as in front, nearly one and a half times as long as broad, with straight posterior and lateral borders. Eyes large and prominent, situated at a distance less than their length from the posterior corners of the head. Clypeus carinate, its anterior border entire, subangularly produced in the middle. Antennae very slender, reaching nearly half their length be- yond the posterior corners of the head. Thorax very long, narrow, and low, less compressed behind than in the major worker, in profile evenly rounded, highest in the middle, pronotum not marginate in front and on the sides, epinotum without distinct base and declivity, but merely continuing the gentle curve of the mesonotum. Petiole with its anterior sur- face more convex and its upper-border more transverse than in the major worker. Gaster small and narrow. Sculpture much as in the major worker, but thorax more shining and cheeks sparsely and feebly foveolate. Pilosity much more abundant than in the large worker. There are very sparse, erect hairs on the whole upper-surface, including the petiole, and also on the gula. The head is covered with sparse and rather long yellowish pubescence. Head and thorax brown, petiole and gaster black; scapes and legs, except the tarsi, yellow, the latter and the anterior half of the head pale-brown. Described from a single major and three minor workers from the Everard Range. As all of these specimens were glued on the same card it would seem that they must have been taken from the same nest. The major and minor workers, however, differ in so many important particulars as to suggest some coubt as to their being co-specific. This species is very closely related to 0. (Myrmogonia) michaelsent, Forel, from South-western Australia, judging 817 from Forel’s description, but differs in so many details of structure, sculpture, and colour that I have felt constrained to describe it asnew. It is more easily distinguished from the other Australian species of the subgenus Myrmogonia: evae, Forel ; oetkeri, Forel; adam, Forel; owner, Forel ; gibbinotus, Forel; and rubiqinosus, Mayr. 24. Camponotus (DINOMYRMEX) SUBNITIDUS, Mayr. To this species I refer a single minor worker taken between Todmorden and Wantapella. It is, however, even less pilose than the typical swbnitidus, and probably represents a distinct variety, which cannot be satisfactorily described till the worker major is brought to light. 25. CAMPONOTUS (MyYRMAMBLYS) AUROFASCIATUS, N. sp. ) Pi. txvi;, fie. ¢; Worker (medio | ? |)—Length, 5-5°5 mm. Head strongly trapezoidal, very slightly longer than broad, broader behind than in front, with straight posterior border and sides and rather sharp posterior corners, convex in the middle above, feebly depressed behind. Eyes moderately large, convex, nearly circular, well behind the median trans- verse diameter of the head. Mandibles with rather straight external borders, 6-toothed. Clypeus distinctly but bluntly carinate, with feebly rounded, entire anterior border. Frontal area obsolete, frontal groove distinct, frontal carinae approxi- mated anteriorly, curved and diverging behind. Antennae long, scapes extending nearly half their length beyond the posterior border of the head. Thorax through the pronotum nearly as broad as the head, rapidly narrowed and laterally compressed behind, so that the mesonotum and epinotum are reduced above to a rounded ridge. Pronotum broader than long, flat. above, anteriorly and laterally distinctly submar- ginate. In profile the thorax is highest in the mesonotal region and the dorsal outline is an even curve continued over the epinotal base, which is fully three times as long as the declivity. The angle separating the base from the declivity is rounded and obtuse. Promesonotal suture distinct, that between the mesonotum and epinotum obsolete. Petiole thick and rather narrow, very convex in front, flat behind, with blunt, evenly-rounded, and entire apical border. Gaster broadly elliptical, rather flattened. Hind tibiae slightly compressed. Opaque and very densely and finely punctate; mandibles slightly shining, with numerous large, elongate punctures Clypeus and cheeks with a few sparse, shallow foveolae. The 818 dense punctuation of the gaster is distinctly finer than that of other portions of the body. MHairs golden-yellow, erect, moderately long, not abundant, rather obtuse, most conspicu- ous on the upper-surface of the head, epinotum, and gaster. Pubescence yellow, very sparse, and rather long, distinct on the head, especially on the clypeus, gaster, and appendages. Tips and flexor surfaces of femora with a few long, erect hairs. Black; apical portions of mandibles deep-red; each gastric segment with a conspicuous dull-golden band on its posterior border. Described from six workers, five from the Musgrave Ranges and one froin Moorilyanna. This beautiful species is readily distinguished by its peculiar head, very opaque surface, and the unusual banding of the gaster. 26. Camponotus (Mvrmospuincta [ ? ]) WHITEI, n. sp. Pi. xvi. fies S, Worker (minor |? ])—lLength, 4°5-5 mm. Head trapezoidal, deepest in the frontal region, a little longer than broad, slightly broader behind than in front, with straight sides and feebly concave posterior border. Eyes moderately large, very convex, nearly circular, distinctly behind the median transverse diameter of the head. Man- dibles with slightly convex external borders and oblique, 6-toothed apices. Clypeus strongly carinate, rather convex, with entire anterior border, subangularly produced in the middle. Frontal area rather large, triangular ; frontal groove lacking; frontal carinae approximated in front, curved out- ward in the middle, and again approximated behind. An- tennae rather long and stout; scapes surpassing the posterior border of the head by fully two-fifths their length. Thorax rather long, nearly as broad as the head through the pronotum, . which is flattened above, bluntly marginate anteriorly, and seen from above a little broader than long. Promesonotal suture pronounced. There is a deep, saddle-like impression in the region of the mesonotal suture, which is obsolete, and the thorax is also laterally compressed in this region. The epinotum is very convex and rounded, and resembles somewhat that of a Dolichoderus, but in profile the base passes without: an angle into the vertical, slightly concave declivity of about the same length. Petiole nodiform, seen from above regularly, transversely elliptical, and about twice as broad as long, in profile less than twice as high as long, the node with three surfaces, a short vertical anterior, a horizontal rounded dor- sal, and a vertical posterior surface. Gaster rather small, broadly elliptical. Tibiae cylindrical. 819 Mandibles shining, very coarsely punctate. Remainder of body, including the appendages, opaque; head, thorax, and petiole densely and beautifully coarsely punctate, the punc- tures being somewhat smaller on the upper-surface of the head and somewhat larger on the mesopleurae. Gaster and legs very minutely and densely punctate. Hairs whitish, erect, blunt, but not very stiff, rather long but not abundant, most conspicuous on the front, epinotum, and first gastric segment. Legs and scapes with more numerous, more pointed, shorter, and suberect hairs. Deep castaneous-red, mandibles and legs paler, upper-surface of head and thorax somewhat darker, gaster black, with narrow, sordid, yellowish margins to the segments. This beautiful species, described from two specimens, was taken at Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges. I have placed it in the subgenus Myrmosphincta with many misgiv- ings. It would seem to belong more properly in Orthonoto- myrmex, near mayri, Forel, on account of the peculiar struc- ture of the thorax and petiole, but this subgenus, though confined to the Old World, is not known to be represented in Papua or Australia. 27. Camponotus (MyrmospuHincta |? ]) LEAE, n. sp. PRS ixvas, te, 9: Worker minor.—Length, 4.5 mm. Head, including the mandibles, subelliptical, longer than broad, with straight, subparallel sides, slightly broader behind through the eyes than at the mandibular insertions. Behind the eyes, which are very convex and hemispherical, the head narrows rapidly to a short occipital border, so that it has no posterior corners. Mandibles with straight external and oblique apical borders, the latter armed with at least five coarse teeth. Clypeus convex, strongly carinate, its anterior border slightly impressed in the middle. Frontal area triangular, distinct, impressed ; frontal groove replaced by a rather strong raised line or ridge; frontal carinae not widely diverging behind. Antennae long, scapes extending nearly half their length beyond the posterior border of the head; all the funi- cular joints decidedly longer than broad. Thorax long and slender; seen from abcve the pronotum is as broad as long, a little narrower than the head, with rounded, sloping humeri ; the mesonotum and epinotum narrower, with subparallel sides, the mesonotum as long as the epinotum, but the suture obsolete between them; promesonotal suture well developed. In profile the upper-surface of the mesonotum is straight and slopes gradually to the base of the epinotum, where the thorax is feebly but distinctly constricted. In profile the base of the 820 epinotum is horizontal and only slightly convex, more than twice as long as the sloping declivity into which it passes through a very obtuse angle. Petiole of extraordinary shape, longer than high, anteriorly and posteriorly cylindrical, but surmounted in the middle by a thick node which, viewed from above, is nearly circular, but is diamond-shaped in pro- file, its anterior surface being straight and inclined obliquely upward and forward, the dorsal surface horizontal and very feebly convex, and the posterior surface straight and inclined obliquely backward and downward and parallel with the anterior surface. The ventral surface is almost straight. Gaster broadly pyriform, narrowed, and rather pointed in front. Legs slender; tibiae cylindrical. Opaque, except the gaster, which is distinctly shining. Mandibles very finely shagreened and coarsely punctate. Head, thorax, and petiole uniformly and densely punctate, legs and gaster coarsely, transversely shagreened. Hairs white, long, slender, pointed, and erect, most abundant on the upper- surface of the head, epinotum, petiole, and gaster, somewhat shorter on the scapes and legs. Deep-red; mandibles and femora more yellowish-red; mandibular teeth, anterior cor- ners of head, front, and vertex between the carinae and eyes and back as far as the occipital border, articulations of anten- nal funiculi, the whole gaster, basal portions of petiole, coxae, and apical third of femora, black; tibiae and tarsi reddish- brown, the tips and bases of the tibiae darker. Described from two specimens taken at Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges. This remarkable species, easily distinguished by its singular thorax and even more singular petiole and striking colouration, is quite as difficult as the preceding species to assign to any of Forel’s subgenera of Camponotus. I have placed it in Myrmosphincta with a query because the thorax is distinctly constricted, and because there seems to be no place for it in any of the other subgenera. Whether or not it should constitute the type of a new subgenus can be deter- mined only after the discovery of the major worker. 28. CALOMYRMEX SPLENDIDUS, Mayr., subsp. PURPUREUS, Mayr., var. SMARAGDINUS, Emery. A single worker from Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges. 29. CALOMYRMEX SPLENDIDUS, Mayr., subsp. PURPUREUS, Mayr., var. EREMOPHILUS, n. var. Worker.—Differing from the preceding variety in the colouration of the legs and the antennae, which are black 821 instead of red, without metallic reflections. The head and thorax are beautiful metallic green, the gaster black, the mesopleurae and fore coxae metallic-purple as in the var. smaragdinus. Seven workers, four from the Everard Range and three from Flat Rock Hole in the Musgrave Ranges. 30. PoLYRHACHIS (CAMPOMYRMA) LONGIPES, 0. sp. Piss lev», figs. lvand .2,,.and tJevix, fig... 10: Worker.—Length, 9-10 mm. Head subrectangular, excluding the mandibles, a little broader behind than in front, with straight sides and rather sharp, distinctly marginate posterior corners, the occipital region convex in the middle, the frontal region convex, and the vertex rather flat. Eyes large and convex, situated a distance about equal to their longest diameter from the pos- terior corners of the head. Mandibles with moderately convex external and 5-toothed apical borders. Clypeus distinctly carinate, produced in the middle as a rounded lobe, bearing at its edge a row of regular, fine, acute teeth, its sides broadly excised. Frontal area small, triangular, impressed; frontal groove distinct ; frontal carinae closely approximated in front, gradually diverging behind, nearly straight. Antennae very long and slender, scapes reaching fully half their length beyond the posterior border of the head; first funicular joint more than five times as long as broad, remaining joints grow- ing successively shorter. Thorax long, its dorsal surface flattened and but slightly convex in profile, very sharply marginate on the sides, so that the pleurae are slightly con- cave, the margin rather deeply incised at the pronounced promesonotal and only feebly indented at the distinct meso- épinotal suture. Pronotum as long as broad, a little narrower behind than in front, its anterior corners in the form of small acute teeth, which are as long as broad at their bases. Meso- notum a little longer than broad, narrower behind than in front, with evenly rounded anterior and lateral borders; base of epinotum longer than broad, rather narrow, especially behind, where it is produced into two parallel, flat, blunt teeth, which are longer than broad at their bases, as long as their distance apart, and directed backward and upward. The small notch-lke space between the teeth is not marginate. Declivity of epinotum shorter than the base, sloping, feebly convex. Petiole thick at the base, when seen from above as long as broad, with convex anterior and posterior surfaces, the apical border compressed and bearing four long, slender, acute spines, directed upward and backward, the inner pair approxi- mated and shorter, so that an imaginary line joining the tips 822 of all four spines would be straight. Ventral surface of petiole distinctly concave. Gaster broadly elliptical, convex above and below, first segment occupying nearly half of its surface. Legs very long and slender; tibiae cylindrical. Mandibles lustrous, very finely and densely striated ; remainder of body subopaque; head, thorax, and petiole very finely punctate-rugulose, the rugules distinctly longitudinal and regular on the posterior portion of the head and on the thoracic dorsum. Gaster and legs very densely shagreened, and covered with small, sparse, piligerous punctures. Hairs yellowish, erect, short, and sparse, almost absent on the upper- surface, except on the clypeus, mandibles, and gaster; very distinct, more abundant, shorter, and bristly on the scapes and legs; pubescence absent except on the venter, where it is yellowish, long, sparse, and appressed. Black; mandibles and apical halves of the funiculi brownish-red ; legs, including the coxae, brownish-yellow, with the tarsi and basal half of the tibiae black. Described from twenty-four workers taken in the Everard Range. This species, though apparently related to P. (C.) frog- gatti, Forel, and pyrrhus, Forel, is readily distinguishable from these and all other known Australian members of the subgenus, by its regularly dentate (not crenate) clypeus, very long appendages, and the shape of the petiolar and epinotal spines. It appears also to be very distinct in its habits. Like the other species of Campomyrma, it lives in the ground, but Captain White’s photographs show that instead of nesting under stones, like P. femorata, F. Smith, micans, Mayr., and sydneyensis, Mayr., of Eastern Australia, it builds a beauti- fully regular crater, the rounded, exposed surfaces of which it thatches with a layer of mulga leaves. 31. PoLyRHACHIS (CAMPOMYRMA), sp. A single dealated female specimen, measuring about 675 mm., from the MacDonnell Ranges, evidently belongs to a species allied to leae, Forel, or micans, Mayr., but as the females of the great majority of Australian Campomyrmas are quite unknown I refrain from describing it at the present time. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. [Plates lev. and lxvi. are from photographs taken by S. A. White.] Pirate LXIV. Fig. 2.—Several ants’ nests, constructed of clay, belonging to a new species, Monomorium (Holcomyrmex) whiter, Wheeler. 823 Prare (LXV: Fig. 1.—An ants’ nest, covered with mulga leaves, belonging to a new species, Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) longipes, Wheeler. Fig. 2.—The same at nearer view. Prate LXNVI. Fig. 1. Monomoriwm (Holcomyrmex) whitei, Wheeler. », 2. Melophorus laticeps, Wheeler, head. » 3 Camponotus (Myrmoturba) latrunculus, Wheeler, head. peri. 58 5 ‘ Wheeler, side view of thorax. aie 3 (Myrmogonia) eremicus, Wheeler, head. 3 G a es p Wheeler, side view of thorax. a wus ih (Myrmamblys) aurofasciatus, Wheeler. rite - ee (Myrmosphincta [?]) whitei, Wheeler. oe leae, Wheeler. oy A. Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) longipes, Wheeler. (j) BOTANY. By J. M. Brack. Puiates LXIX. anp LXX. This list comprises 200 species collected by Capt. White. The following have been previously recorded for Central Australia (Northern Territcry), but not for South Australia Proper :—Swainsona canescens, Acacia cibaria, HLucalyptus pachyphylla, Olearia Ferresw, Calotis Kemper, Helipterum Charsleyae, and H. Fitzgibbonn. New species for Tate’s “Central District’’ (in the north-western corner of which are situated the Musgrave and Everard Ranges) are :—Fragrostis lacunaria, EF. Brownu, Cyperus exaltatus, Bassia longicuspis, Chenopodium microphyllum, Haloragis odontocarpa, Myo- porum desertt, Waitsia corymbosa, Podocoma nana, Helip- terum Tietkensu, and Gnaphalium japomcum. Four species are described which are believed to be new to science (in the genera J'riodia, Menkea, Pterigeron, and Toranthus), and also a variety of the Native Tobacco (Nicotiana suaveolens ). Only two botanical collections of importance have been previously made in the region between Oodnadatta and the Musgrave Ranges. The first was that of Ernest Giles in his exploration of 1876, and the second was that of R. Helms, collector to the Elder Expedition of 1891. Giles’ plants were dealt with by Baron von Mueller in the ‘‘Journal of Botany,’’ xv., 269-281, 300-6, 344-9 (1877), and Helms’ 824 specimens (phanerogams and vascular cryptogams) were identified by Mueller and Tate in the Transactions of this Society, xvi., 333-83 (1892). The positions of the minor localities mentioned in this report are as follows:—Coongra Creek, a branch of the Alberga Creek; Indulkana Springs, in the Indulkana Range, at the head of the Indulkana Creek; Lambinna Soakage, on the Alberga, about 40 miles west of Todmorden Station ; Flat Rock Hole, about 16 miles east of the Musgrave Ranges ; Moorilyanna Native Well, between the Musgrave Ranges and the Indulkana Range; Mount Carmeena, the second highest peak of the Everard Range; Mount Illbillie, highest peak in the Everard Range; Wantapella Swamp, just south of the Indulkana Range ; Vaughan Hill, south of Alberga Creek, near Lambinna Soakage. The additions between brackets are Capt. White’s field notes. PoLyYPODIACEAE.—Notholaena vellea, R. Br. Glen Fer- dinand, Musgrave Ranges; Indulkana Springs and 15 miles west thereof. [A few plants here and there amongst the rock in the most protected places had resisted the drought. | Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Swartz. Moorilyanna Native Well. {Found amongst all the granite outcrops and ranges. | Grammitis Reynoldsu, F. v. M. Mount Illbilie, Everard Range. [A few specimens found in damp places. | ConIFERAE.—Callitris robusta, R. Br. ‘“‘Murray Pine.”’ Tietkens’ Birthday Creek, Musgrave Ranges. [First met with in the Indulkana Range at Indulkana Springs. Growing in great quantity amongst the rocks in Glen Ferdinand; also met with in the Everard Range. It does not grow to any- thing like a fair-sized tree. | GRAMINEAE.—Pamicum gracile, R. Br. Moorilyanna Native Well. [Not often seen.] P. lewcophaeum, H. B. et K. Moorilyanna Native Well. [Found growing amongst the rocks; much eaten down by mammals.] WNewrachne Mitchel- liana, Nees. Moorilyanna Native Well. Hriachne ovata, Nees. Forty miles west of Oodnadatta. JL. pallida, F-v. M. Musgrave Ranges. [A very common erect grass growing in valleys between the ranges.] These two determinations are not altogether satisfactory, and it is evident from these and other Northern specimens that the genus Hriachne requires a careful revision. Danthonia bipartita, F. v. M. Twenty miles east of Musgrave Ranges; Everard Range. [Not a common grass; much relished by stock.] Pollinia fulva, Benth. Twenty miles west of Lambinna Soakage ; Moorilyanna Native Well. [Often met with along watercourses and around. waterholes; growing to the height of 5 or 6 feet at times. |] 825 Diplachne loliformis, F. v. M. Glen Ferdinand. Stunted specimens under 10cm. high. Pappophorum mgricans, R. Br. Moorilyanna Native Well; Musgrave Ranges and 10 miles east thereof. [A common grass, west of Wantapella Swamp ; stock seem to like this grass when it is young.|] P. avenaceum, Lindl. Wantapella Swamp. [Not a common grass; only found in this one locality.] Anthistiria ciliata, L. ‘‘Kangaroo Grass.’’ Musgrave and Everard Ranges. [No doubt owing to the long drought, this grass was very stunted; in places and where the rain had fallen it was 2 to 3 feet high; sometimes found on very stony ground.] Aristida arenaria, Gaud. Moorilyanna Native Well. Triodia aristata, sp. 7. (tab. lxx.). Gramen caespitosum glabrum rigidum, foliorum laminé wvoluté pungente, vagina subturgidd striata, ligula in circulo brevissimo pilorum conversa, paniculad angustd, glumis vacwis 12-13 mm. longis carinatis 3-5-nervius longe acuminatis, smculis compressis )-6-floris, gluma floriferd 9 mm. longa bifida et inter lobos acutos aristam 2-3 mm. longam gerente deorsum 9-nervia, nervis ternatim congregatis villosis. ‘‘Porcupine Grass.’” Nearest to 7. irritans, R. Br., but differs in the longer, almost awned outer glumes and in the acute lobes of the flowering glume with the midnerve excurrent in an awn which is twice as long as the lobes. An exactly similar specimen is in the Tate Herbarium, placed under Schedonorus littoralis, Beauv., to which it bears considerable resemblance, especially as this: Triodia, at least when dried, is straw-coloured. Tate’s speci- men is unlabelled, but a loose label in tlie folio is marked “Mt. Aroona, 30/8/83.’’ This place is near the eastern shore of Lake Torrens, and very probably the specimen was gathered there. [Grew in very large bushes on the sandy flats between the ranges. | Eragrostis eriopoda, Benth. Everard Range and _ sur- rounding country. [A very common grass all over the granite _ country; too hard and wiry to be of much good.] Z£. falcata, Gaud. Forty miles west of Oodnadatta. A starved specimen with panicle only 15 mm. long. JH. chaetophylla, Steud. Tietkens’ Birthday Creek. [Seems to be a common grass in the Musgrave Ranges.]| EF. Brownw, Nees. Wantapella Swamp. Spikelets 10-25 mm. long, flowers 20 to over 50. [This pretty little grass was seen growing on the hard soil near claypans.]| #. pilosa, Beauv. Flat Rock Hole and Mooril- yanna Well. [Only saw this plant growing in one locality on a large claypan, which must be a small lake after rain.] H. lacunaria, F. v- M. Moorilyanna Native Well. [A common grass amongst the granite rocks; a good fodder grass.| Stepa scabra, Lindl. Musgrave Ranges. Leafblades 826 very rough with short, stiff hairs. [This grass is not plentiful anywhere; we saw more of it in the Musgrave Ranges than anywhere else; stock seem to relish it.] Bromus arenarius, Labill. Everard Range. [This good fodder grass was not met with in any quantity, and only seen in the Everard Range. | CYyPERACEAE.—C'yperus fulvus, R. Br. Mount Illbillie and elsewhere in Everard Range; Moorilyanna Native Well. {A common plant in watercourses and low ground.] UC. exaltatus, Retz. Neales Creek. Some of the primary rays 16 cm. long. [Great masses found near waterholes which hold for some time; attains the height of 6 feet.] C. rotundus, L. var. pallidus, Benth. ‘‘Nut Grass.’? Twenty miles west of Lambinna Well; Coongra Creek. [Found in very dry watercourses.| C. difformis, L. Neales Creek. [Only ob- served in the Neales Creek; it was growing on flooded ground, ‘and attained the height of 12 to 24 inches. ] J UNCACEAE.—Xerotes leuwcocephala, R. Br. Lambinna Soakage. [Only met with at Lambinna Soakage, in the sandy bed of the Alberga. | LILiacEAE.—There is a small liliaceous plant from Lam- binna Soakage, in bud only. Leaves narrow-linear ; perianth- segments narrow, 3-5-nerved; anthers much longer than fila- ments; style undivided; 2 ovules in each cell of ovary. Perhaps a new species of Chlorophyton. UrticacEaE.—lIicus platypoda, Cunn. ‘‘Native Fig.”’ Everard Range; Moorilyanna Native Well. [First seen at Indulkana Springs. Never seen more than a few yards away from rocks. In the Everard Range the trees grew to great size; some were from 10 to 13 yards across and 12 feet high, branches resting on the ground. Natives eat the fruit. ] Parietaria debilis, Forst. Moorilyanna Native Well. [A soft bright-green plant, very delicate; growing in the deep cracks between the granite boulders. | PROTEACEAE.—Grevillea nematophylla, F. v. M. Forty miles west of Oodnadatta. Hakea lorea, R. Br. ‘‘Corkbark Tree.’’ Sandy country west of the Everard Range. Capt. White’s specimens are in flower and are dated 6/8/14. In November of the same year I received from Miss Staer speci- mens gathered at some point west of Oodnadatta and showing ripe and half-ripe fruits. As supplementary to Bentham’s description (Fl. Aust., v., 496) and Bailey’s (Queensl. FI., 1346) it may be noted that the ovary in the flower is almost glabrous, but the young fruit, which is subconical in shape with an incurved point, is hoary with a very fine, close tomentum. This wears off later, and the ripe capsule is lanceolate-ovoid, subcompressed, 30-45 mm. long by 17-20 mm. 827 broad, more or less curved at the apex and sometimes shortly beaked. The leaves are all simple and vary from 25-45 .cm. in length, are at first pubescent but become glabrous with age. The bark is corky. [A common tree throughout the country, and known as the ‘‘Cork Tree’’ owing to the cork-like bark. The natives north of Oodnadatta make shields from the wood on account of it being very light and soft. This tree is very twisted in shape, and the fruits are clustered in great bunches. The flowers contain much honey, for which the ants climb up the trunk in millions; it also affords food to honey-eating birds. | LORANTHACEAE.—Loranthus pendulus, Sieb. Officer Creek, west of Everard Range. [Quantities of this parasitical plant were found growing upon the mulga.| L. Quandang, Lindl. Moorilyanna Native Well. [This species was not nearly so plentiful as the others.| JL. linearifolius, Hook. Moorilyanna Native Well. [This was the only locality where i saw this small species; it was growing on the mulga (Acacia aneura).| L. exocarpi, Behr. Twenty and 40 miles west of Oodnadatta; 15 miles west of Indulkana Springs. [Numbers of large bunches were found on the mulga trees. | SANTALACEAE.—Santalum lanceolatum, R. Br. Oodna- datta. [A pretty shrub bearing a quantity of dark berries; grows on flooded ground.] Jusanus acuminatus, R. Br. ‘“Quondong.’’ Leaves thick, with prominent lateral nerves. [Very few of these shrubs were seen during the trip; owing to the drought, most of them had not fruited for years. | CHENOPODIACEAE.—Chenopodium nitrareaceum, F. v. M. Wantapella Swamp. Seed horizontal, as shown on pl. 28 of Mueller’s ‘‘Iconography of Australian Salsolaceous Plants,”’ although it 1s described as vertical in all the diagnoses which I have seen. [Large bunches, round in shape, up to 8 or 10 feet high, growing all over the depression known as Wanta- pella Swamp; it seems to be eaten by stock.] Ch. cristatum, F.v.M. Mount Ilbillie. Dwarf specimens with procumbent stems not more than 2 cm. long. Ch. microphyllum, F. v. M. Musgrave Ranges. Leaves larger than usual (5-10 mm. long) ; seed black, shining; in the only flower in which I found stamens there were five of them. [Only met with in Glen Fedinand.| ‘ochia sedifolia, F.v. M. ‘‘Bluebush.’’ Ninety miles west of Todmorden Station; between Moorilyanna Native Well and Everard Range. Differs from the type in having the white hairs of the tomentum stellate instead of simple or forked. A similar specimen has been sent me from Mount Gunson by Mrs. Beckwith. In Captain White’s specimens the connivent lobes are often raised above the rather narrow wing so that the summit of the fruiting 828 perianth is convex, showing an approach towards A. pyre- midata. I would suggest calling this var. stellulata. AK. villosa, Lindl. ‘‘Cotton Bush.’? Moorilyanna Native Well; Flat Rock Hole, Musgrave Ranges; Wantapella Swamp ; Lambinna Soakage. [Found in patches all through the country, but very little west of Indulkana Springs. Good fodder for all stock.] K. decaptera, F. v. M. Moorilyanna Native Well. [Not a common plant in this locality; a few bunches growing at the foot of the granite rocks.] A. aphylla, R. Br. Thirty-five miles west of Moorilyanna Native Well. K. eriantha, F. v. M. Indulkana Springs and 15 miles west thereof. There are some puzzling points about these specimens and about similar ones received from Arka- ringa through Miss Staer. All the flowers I have examined are female; even in the youngest I could find no sign of stamens. The fruit is obliquely placed within the perianth and the radicle is always descending. The horizontal wing of the perianth has 5 broad lobes, hidden (as are also the 5 short lobes covering the fruit) among the dense wool. Similar specimens collected by Helms in 1891 at Arkaringa are in the Tate Herbarium labelled ‘‘Bassia Dallachyana= Kochia eriantha.’? [A common plant about Indulkana Springs, but is not found far west from that point.] A triplex vesicaria, Hew. ‘‘Bladder Saltbush.’’ Forty miles west of Oodnadatta; Indulkana Springs; Lambinna Soakage; Moorilyanna Waterhole. [A common plant; many fine plains are covered with this good fodder.| A. mummularia, Lindl. Indulkana Springs. [Very large bushes of this plant were often seen in the ranges.] ] ») editors. AUSTRALIA. Avusrraia. Bureau of Census and Statistics. Census of the Commonwealth, vol. 2-3. Melb. 1911. Official year book, no. 8. Melb. 1915. —- Bureau of Meteorology. Monthly report, vol. 3, no. 2-8. 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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Proceed- ings, vol. 66; 67, pt..1. Pil. 1914-15. ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF St. Louis. Transactions, vol. 2-3; 15, no. 1. St ous.” "1865-1905. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Proceedings, vol: 50ono:. 1-3: «Pia sagas AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL Society. Bulletin, vol. 45, no. 7; 46, no. 6, 9-12; 47, mov 1-8 GN. Y. AOPA is AMERICAN Microscopicat Society. Proceedings and trans- actions, vol. 4-5, 7-16, 18-33. Decatur, Ill. 1882-1914. AMERICAN MusEum oF Naturat History. Anthropological papers, vol. I], pt:.5-10; 14, pt. 15 15, pt. 15 16, pike NY... 1914-15: -——— Bulletin, vol. 25, pt. 2; 33. 1914-15. —— Guide leaflets, no. 34, 38-42. 1911-15. -—_—— Journal, vol. 14, no. 6-8; 15, no. 1-5. 1914-15. ——— Memoirs, n-s), voll, pu 3.5 1014: Report, vol. 45-46. 1914-15. AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL Society. Proceedings, no. 213-215. Phil. 1914. 865 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE oF AMERICA. American journal of archaeology, vol. 18; 19, no. 1-2. Concord, N.H. 1914-15. — Art and archaeology, vol. 1; 2, no.1. 1914-15. Boston Society oF Naturat History. Memoirs, vol. 1; 2 | (exc. pt. 1, no. 1); 3, no. 2-5, 8-10; 5, no. 8-9; 8, no. 1. Bost. 1866-1914. Proceedings, vol. 14-19; 22, pt. 2-3; 30, pt. 3-7; 31, Pees as. no. 15; 35, no. 1. 1870S Brookityn Institute or ARTS AND ScIENcES. Museum quarterly, vol. 1. Brooklyn. 1914-15. Science bulletin. vol. 2, no. 3-4. 1914. CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Proceedings, 4th ser., vol. 4, p. 15-160; vol. 5, p. 1-31. San Fran. 1914. —- Third ser.: zoology, vol. 4, no. 4-5. 1906. Catirornia. State Mining Bureau. Bulletin, no. 68-69, and map folio. Sacramento. 1914-15. . Mines and mineral resources of San Diego and Imperial counties. 1914. CaLIFORNIA UNIVERSITY. Publications in American archae- ology, vol. 1; 2, no. 1-4. Berkeley. 1903-05. s Botany, vol. 1, p. 1-140; 2, no. 14-15; 4, no. 18, index, etes. 4, no, t-5, 65.6, no. 1-6> 1902-1d: Geology, vol. 7, no. 11-12, 21-22, index, etc.; 8, no. oe ha NV OVS-1A. Zoology, vol. 1, no. 4-7; 3, no. 12, 14; 4, no. 1-2; PeshGo03, o> 7, no. 3-6 11) ae, OsTE te: haemo: £23): Poe no-b-03 14. no. |. 1903-14 | Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin, no. 188- 227, 229-241, and 77.back numbers. 1884-1913. Circular, no. 68-98, 100-114, and 48 back numbers. 1903-14. - Report, 1888-1901, 1912-14. 1890-1914. Cuicaco AcADEMy oF SciENCES. Bulletin; vol. 1, no. 1-10; mone 2 4 oe No, 6-140%4, no..1-2. -Chaeh,- 2883-19133 ——§ Natural History Survey. Bulletin, no. 3, pt. 2; no.5. 1902. Special publication, no. 1. 1912. CINCINNATI SoOcIETY OF Natural History. Journal, vol. 21, prota: eb sibs WE Bs ConnEcTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Memoirs, vol. 3. New Haven. 1911. Presented by Yale University. | Denison University. Scientific Laboratories. Bulletin, vol. iieart. 8-10.; Granwgiile, Oo. 1914: cc Transactions, vol. 1-3; 4, pt. 1-2; 5-11. 1866-1903. | 866 Fietp Museum or Natura. History. Anthropological ser., vol. 13; no. 2); 145 no. Chie. 1915 —— Botanical ser., vol. 2, no. 9-10. 1913-14. ——— Geological ser., vol. 5, no. 1. 1914. —— Ornithological ser., vol. 1, no. 8-9. 1915. —— Report ser., vol. 4, no. 4-5. 1914-15. Zoological ser., vol. 10, no. 10-12. 1914. FRANKLIN InstTiTuTE. Journal, vol. 73-74, 124, 126-131, 133-165).172°3, 177-9; 180 smo. 1-2 AP: S167 jot ee Hawatian EntTomoLocicaL Society. Proceedings, vol. 1-2; 3, no. 1-2. -Elonolulu, © 1905-15: Iuuinois. State Laboratory of Natural History. Bulletin, vok., 10; art: 5-6. sUrbana. 1914-15: JoHNS Hopxins University. American chemical journal, vol. 39, index, ete.; 40, no. 1. General index, vol. 1-10 24-504) Balt, “Fe 90soiAe —— Circular, 1904, no. 1, 4, 6; 1913, no. 10; 1914, no. 1210 cl OTS, angele a 904eIh: ——— Studies in historical and political science, ser. 1, no. 1-12:3'2,:no: de4:3°510) nora 14, sno 9-10 S32. nose Balt. 1882-1914. Kansas ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Transactions, vol. 26. Topeka. 1914. Kansas University. Bulletin: humanistic studies, vol. 1, no. 2-3. Lawrence. 1914. Science bulletin, vol. 7, no. 1-17; 18, no. 1-10. Law- rence. 1913-14. LELAND STANFORD JR. UNIVERSITY. University ser., no. 1-2, 13-18. 1908-14. Louisiana State Museum. Report, 1912-14. Baton Rouge. Marvyianp GEoLocicaL Survey. Report, vol. 1-3. Balt. 1397-99: Minnesota UNIvERSITy. Annual report, vol. 1, 3, 8, 15-16, 18-24. Minneapolis. 1872-98. ——— Current problems, no. 1-4. 1913-15. —— President’s address, 1911-12. ——_— Studies in biological sciences, no. 1. 1913. —— Studies in engineering, no. 1. 1915. --—— Studies in language and literature, no. 1. 1914. —-——- Studies in the social sciences. no. 4. 1915. —— Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin, no. 122, 130;, 132, 134-1385: AAO A AS oe eae 1913-15. -——— Minnesota Geological Survey. Botanical studies, vol. 1-3; 4, pt. 1-3. Minneapolis. 1894-1914. ———— ————— Bulletin, no. 1, 4-5, 7-8, 10-12. 1889-1915. i] 867 Minnesota University. Minnesota Geological Survey. Geology of Minnesota, final report, vol. 1-5. 1884-1900. Minnesota plant studies, no. 1, 3-5. 1909-13. ———— ——-— Reports of the survey: botanical ser., no. 1, 3, 8-9. 1892-1912. Zoological ser., no. 2-5. 1895-1912. Missourrt BorantcaL GaRDEN. Report, vol. 1. St. Louis. 1890. NatTionaL ACADEMY OF ScIENCES. Memoirs, vol. 12, no. 1. Wash. 1914. ———— Meteor Crater in northern central Arizona. 1909. Proceedings, vol. 1, no. 1-4, 6-8. 1915. New York AcapeMy or SCIENCES. Annals, vol. 23, p. 145- 353 ; 24, p. 1-443. N.Y. 1914-15. New Yor« Pusiic Lisrary. Bulletin, vol. 1; 2, no. 3-4, 11; ano. 9; 18, now 9-12); 19, no. 1-6,'8. “1897-1915. New York Zootoeicar Society. Zoologica, vol. 1, no. 17-20. 1914-15. OBERLIN CoLLEGE. Laboratory bulletin, no. 2, 4-5, 7-8. Oberlin, O. 1892-97. -———— Wilson bulletin, vol. 4, no. 1-2; 6, no. 1-3, 5, 10-11, Pee a0) ne, 5-4; 27, no. 1-2.')" 1892-1905) PHILIPPINE Istanps. Philipmne Library. Bulletin, vol. 3, no. 1, 3-9. Manila. 1914-15. PorTLAND Society or Naturat History. Journal, vol. 1, no. 1. Portland, Me. 1864. Proceedings, vol. 1; 2, pt. 3-9; 3, pt. 1. 1862-1914. RoOcKEFELLER INSTITUTE FOR MeEpIcaL RESEARCH. Studies, mol, 18-20: N.Y. 1914-15. SMITHSONIAN InstTITUTION. Annual report, 1913. Wash. Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin, no. 46, 56, 58. Wash. 1914-15. Unirep States. Department of Agriculture. Bulletin, no. Gt. 1050 12657134-5, 139, 149, 157.7166." 185.. “Wash 1914-15. Farmers’ bulletin, no. 589, 597, 606, 622. 1914. Journal of agricultural research, vol. 2, no. s-6)> Vol. o, no, 1-0-5 4; no.-k-o, 1914-15) North American -fauna, ‘mol \240 35-36. 1904-14. Yearbook, 1902.-1912, 1914. Bureau of Biological Survey. Bulletin, no. 39,42, 15, 88,-90; 103-; 1914. Bureau of Entomology. Technical ser., no. 17, pt25 no. 27, pt. 2. -1914-15. - Geological Survey. Annual report, vol. 35. 1914. 868 Unitep States. Geological Survey. Bulletin, no. 540-1, 543, 546-554, 556-8, 561-2, 564, 570-2, 574-7, 579, 580: A-K, 581 A-D, 583-6, 588, 590, 592, 599, 600. 1914. Geologic folio, 190-194. 1914. Topographic atlas, 74 sheets. Mineral resources of the United States, 1912,,. pt. 1-2; 1913, pt. 1, 1-12, 14-26 A, pt. 2, 1-18, 20-35. 1912-14. Professional paper, 76, 80-86, 90 A-H.. 1913-14. Water-supply paper, 309, 321-330, 335-6, 339), 340 A-E, 344, 345 A-G, 346-8, 363-4, 366. 1914. Library of Congress. Report, 1914. Unitep States NationaL Museum. Annual report, 1913-14. Wash. 1914. Bulletin, no. 50, pt. 6; 71, pt. 5; 84-90. 1914-15. Contributions from the National Herbarium, vol. 17,. pis 6.9 4915: Proceedings, vol. 46. 1914. Special bulletin: American hydroids, pt. 3. 1915. WaGNneER FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE OF PHILADELPHIA. Transactions, vol. 7, pt. 3. Phil. 1914. Wasuineton University, St. Louis. Studies, vol. 2, pt. 1,. no. 1; vol. 2, pt. 2;mo.1. St. Louis. 1914. YaLeE UNIversitTy. Science and religion, by C. J. Keyser~ New Haven. 1914.. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, vol. 12-15. 1907-09. 869 foal ee EMBERS AS EXISTING ON SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. ‘Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers pub- ‘lished in the Society’s Transactions. Any change in address should be notified to the Secretary. Norse.—The publications of the Society will not be sent to those whose subscriptions are in arrears. r f enna. Honorary FELLows. 1910. *Brace, W. H., M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Physics, University College, London (Fellow 1886). 1898. cael M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris. 1897. *Davxp, T W. Epa@Ewortn, C.M.G., B.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., E.G. S., Professor of Geology, University of Sydney. 1890. *ErueripGe, Rosert, Director of ‘the Australian Museum of New South Wales, Sydney. 1905. Gitt, THomas, I.S.0., Under-Treasurer, Adelaide. 1905. *Hepiey, Se H., Naturalist, Australian Museum, Sydne 1892. *Marpen, 7 TL. F.L.S., F.C.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales. 1898. *Meyrick, -E. T., B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., Tohrnhanger, Marl- borough, Wilts, England. feos Witson, J.T... M._D., Ch.M., Professor of Anatomy, University of Sydney, New South Wales. 1912. *Trrrmr, J. G. O. F.L.S., Elizabeth Street, Norwood (Corresponding Member 1878, Fellow 1886). CorRRESPONDING MEMBERS. 1881. Bamery, F. M., F.L.S., C.M.G., Colonial Botanist, Bris- bane, Queensland. 1913. *Carrer, H. J., B.A., Darling Point, Sydney. 1909. * JoHNCOCK, C. ee Clare. 1893. *SrRETTON, W. Ge Palmerston, Northern Territory. 1905. THOMSON, GONE Ls. Dunedin, New Zealand. 1908. *Woonnouen, WALrer GroraE, D. Se. F.G.S., Professor in Geology, University of Perth (Fellow 1902). FELLOWS. 1895. *AsHpy, Epwin, M.O.B.U., Blackwood. 1902. *Baxer, W. H., F.L.S., Glen Osmond Road, Parkside. 1908. *Brnson, W. Nogt, B.Sc., University, Sydney. 1907. *Buack, J. McConnetz, 1, Brougham Place, North Adelaide. 1909. Brapntey, Epear J., C. E., Hydraulic Engineer’ s Depart- ment, Adelaide. 1912. * BROUGHTON, A.©., Young Street, Parkside. 191: 1883. 1893. 1906. 1907. 1904. i910. 1879. 1895. 1907. 1912. - 1914. 1914. 1912. 1887. 1911 1902. 1914. 1910: 1904. 1880. 1910. 1904. 1896. 1913. 1891. 1883. 1911. 1912. 1893. 1910. 1915. 1897. 1884. 1888. 1914. 1905. 1874. 1907. 870 Brown, Epear J., M.B., D.Ph., 3, North Terrace. *Brown, H. Y. L., F.G.S., 286, Ward Street, North Adelaide. Brummitt, Rospert, M.R.C.S., Medindie. Bunpey, Miss Ex,uen Miutne, 148, Molesworth Street,. North Adelaide. *CuapMan, R. W., M.A., B.C.E., Professor of Mathematics. and Mechanics, University of Adelaide. Curist1eE, W., 49, Rundle Street, Adelaide. *“Crark, E. V., B.Sc., Lecturer in Electrical Engineering, University of Adelaide. *CLELAND, W. L., M.B., Ch.M., J.P., Beaumont. “CLELAND, JoHN B., M.D., Government Bureau of Micro- biology, Sydney, New South Wales. *Cooxse. T. W., D.Sc., Lecturer, University of Adelaide. Corsin, H., B.Sc., Forest Department, Adelaide. Cornisuo, H. M., Coast View, Adelaide Road, Glenelg. Darrocn, D. G., Australian United Paint Co.. Port Adelaide. Drsmonp, J., Currie Street, Adelaide. *Drxon, Samuen, Bath Street, New Glenelg. Dutton, H. H., Anlaby. Epaquist, A. G., Tate Terrace, Croydon. Frreuson, EK. W., M.B., Ch.M., Gordon Road, Roseville, Sydney. GILLESPIE, H. R., Adyar, Madras Presidency, India. Gorpon, Davip, c/o D. & W. Murray, Gawler Place, Adelaide. *GoypER, Grorce, A.M., F.C.S., Gawler Place, adelaide. *Grant, Kerr, M.Sc., Professor of Physics, University of Adelaide. GrirritH, H., Henley Beach. Hawker, E. W., F.C.S., East Bungaree, Clare. Henpry, JaAmMEs, c/o A. M. Bickford & Sons, Currie Street, Adelaide. *Hortze, Maurion;>1/S.0.5 iS.) RG: eho Director Botanic Gardens, Adelaide. *“Howcnin, Water, F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology and Paleontology, University of Adelaide. Hucues, Hersert W., Booyoolie, Gladstone. Jack, R. L., B.E., Assistant Government Geologist, Adelaide. James, THomas, M.R.C.S., Moonta. *Jounson, HE. A., M.D., M.R.C.S., 295, Pirie Street, Adelaide. Lauriz, D. F., Agricultural Department, Victoria Square. *Lea, A. M., F.E.S., South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Lenpon, A. A., M.D. (Lond.), M.R.C.S., Lecturer in Obstetrics, University of Adelaide, and Hon. Physician, Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide. *LoweErR, Oswaup B., F.Z.S., F.E.S. (Lond.), Broken Hill, New South Wales. MatHews, G. M., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Langley Mount, Watford, Herts, England *Mawson, Sir Doveras, D.Se., B.E., Lecturer in Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Adelaide. Mayo, Gro. G., C.E., England. Mevrose, Rosert THomson, Mount Pleasant. 1897. 1907. 1913. 1886. 1911. 1908. 1907. 1885. 1913. 191]. 1 905. 1869. 1914. 1891; 1893. 1871. 1906. 1910. 1881. 1907. 1897. 1894. 1878. 1883. 1914. 1912. 1878. 1859. 1907. 1904. 1912. 1912. 1904. 871 *Morean, A. M., M.B., Ch.B., Angas Street, Adelaide. Mvecke, Hveo C. E., Grenfell Street, Adelaide. *Osporn, T. G. B., M.Sc., Professor of Botany, University of Adelaide. Poott, W.'B., Savings Bank, Adelaide. Poote, T. S., B.A., LL.B., Register Chambers, Grenfell Street. Porr, WriiiaAM, Eagle Chambers, King William Street. PuLLEINnE, Mason R. H., M.B., North-terrace, Adelaide. *RENNIE, Epwarp H., M.A., D.Sc. (Lond.), F.C.S., Pro- fessor of Chemistry, University of Adelaide. Rippie. A. R., Yorketown, Yorke Peninsula. Roacu, B. S., Education Department, Flinders Street, Adelaide. : *Rocers, Ligzut.-Cot. R. S., M.A., M.D., Flinders Street, Adelaide. *Rurr, Water, C.E., College Park, Adelaide. SaunpERS, M. E., Wood Street, Millswood. Setway, W. H., Treasury, Adelaide. Simson, Auaustus, Launceston, Tasmania. SuirH, Rosert Barr, Adelaide. Snow, Francis H., National Mutual Buildings, King William Street. *“STantEy, E. R., Government Geologist, Port Moresby, Papua. FormimnG, Hpowarp. C., C.M.G., M.A.,. M.D., .F.BS., I’.R.C.S., Professor of Physiology, University of Ade- laide, Hon. Curator of Ethnology, South Australian Museum. Swertaprte, H. A., M.D., Park Terrace, Parkside. *Torr, W. G., LL.D., M.A., B.C.L., Brighton, South Aus- tralia. “Turner, A. JErreris, M.D., F.E.S., Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, Queensland. *Virnco, JoserH ©C., M.D. (Lond.), F.R.C.S., Lecturer on the Principles and Practice of Medicine, University of Adelaide, and Consulting Physician Adelaide Hos- pital and Children’s Hospital. Wainweicat, E. H., B.Sc. (Lond.), McLaren Vale. “Waitt, EK. R., F.L.S., Director South Australian Museum. Warp, Lreonarp Keirn, B.A., B.E., Government Geologist, Adelaide. Ware, W. L., King William Street. Way, Riegut Hon. Sir Samvuen James, Bart., P.C., D.C.L., Chief Justice and Lieutenant-Governor of South Aus- tralia, Adelaide. Wess, Noeu A., Barrister, Waymouth Street, Adelaide. WHITBREAD, Howarp, c/o A. M. Bickford & Sons, Currie Street, Adelaide. *Wauitrt, Captain S. A., M.O.B.U., ‘“Weetunga,’? Fulham, South Australia. *Zirtz, F. R., South Australian Museum. ASSOCIATE. Rosinson, Mrs. H.R , ‘‘Las Conchas,’’ Largs Bay, South Australia. 872 APPENDICES, FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE Ropal Society of South Australia (Incorporated). THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. For THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 21, 1915. Your Committee reports -with gratification that this: Section of the Royal Society has experienced another very successful year. The monthly meetings and the field excur- sions held during the period under review have been excellently attended, and members have displayed the keenest interest in the affairs of the Section. Your Committee decided to continue again this year a winter series of popular evening lectures, to which the general public was invited. The results have been very gratifying,. the total attendances being considerably over a thousand. The attendances at the excursions have likewise been most satis- factory, the average being 32. The year was opened with a membership of 111. To this number 22 new members have been added ; resignations total 9, leaving us with a roll of 121. The Committee desires to express its appreciation to the gentle- men who lectured before the Society and to those who acted as leaders of the excursions held during the year. Early in the year your Committee, realizing the value a small lantern would be to the Section if installed in the Royal Society’s room, placed an application before the parent society. It is pleased to state that its request was granted and that the lantern has since proved very serviceable. The last annual meeting was held on Tuesday, September 15, 1914, when the following officers were elected for the ensuing year :—Chairman, Captain 8. A. White, M.B.0.U., R.A.O.U.; Vice-Chairmen, Mr. W. J. Kimber, Professor T. 873 G. B. Osborn, M.Sc.; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. B. B. Beck; Hon. Iibrarian, Miss I. Roberts ; Hon. Secretary, Mr. Percival Runge: Hon. Assistant Seeretary, Miss E. Hocking; Com- mittee—Dr. R.S. Rogers, M.A., Mr. J. W. Mellor, R.A.O.U., Mr. E. H: Lock, F.R.H.S., Mrs. R. 8. Rogers, Mr. W. H. Selway, Mr. R. Llewellyn, Mrs. J. F. Mellor, and Mr. A. R. Riddle; Awditors, Messrs. Walter D. Reed and A. W. Drummond. The retiring president, Mr. E. H. Lock, F.R.H.S., then delivered a most instructive and interesting address on “Drama in Nature.’’ His discourse was much appreciated by the large audience present. On October 20, 1914, an Exhibit Evening was held, and a fine collection of material was tabled by members. Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited two cases of New Zealand insects. A New Zealand chiton, of unusual dimensions, was shown by Mrs. Mellor, while a number of mineralogical specimens were shown by Mr. P. H. E. Runge (Hon. Secretary). Mr. W. J. Kimber, with the aid of specimens, gave many interesting facts about “The Life History of the Hermit Crab,” and Captain White (Chairman) laid out on the table a beautiful collection of South African birds. April 20, 1915.—This, the first of the winter series of monthly meetings, was devoted to exhibits. Mr. R. Llewellyn exhibited a beautiful collection of cowrie shells, including many species obtained in various parts of the world. A collection of fossil shells, obtained at a depth of 400 feet during boring operations on the Adelaide plains, was exhibited by Mr. Ising. At the Chairman’s request, Mr. Riddle explained the geological significance of the deposit. Mr. A. R. Riddle exhibited a collection of gypsum obtained from Yorke Penin- sula. Many of these showed great variations in twinning, whilst others, which simulated true twin crystals, were simply intergrowths. The massive form from Marion Bay, as well as the granular variety or “seed gypsum,’’ from the immense deposit at Lake Fowler, were shown. On behalf of Miss Roberts, Mr. Riddle exhibited a so-called ‘fossil mushroom” from Brown’s Well. Far from being a fossil, the specimen was quite a present-day form known as Laccocephalum basilay- loides. This fungus grows in sandy soil, and by reason of its hyphae being glutinous, the sand grains become cemented together. This, together with the woody nature of the fungus, gives the “fossil’’-like appearance. Captain White (Chair- man) exhibited a number of South African birds, and referred to their nesting and other habits. His remarks were illustrated by a number of beautiful slides taken in South Africa. Mr. A. M. Lea, F.E.S., gave several interesting facts about a 874 number of Australian and New Guinea insects and showed a large number of specimens. Mr. P. Runge (Hon. Secretary) also displayed a number of geological specimens from this and other Australian States. These included samples from a mineral oil bore in the South-East, among which were sharks’ teeth, black sands, flints, and consolidated shell-grit. Several cut garnets, commonly termed Australian rubies, were shown by Mrs. J. F. Mellor, and their occurrence, composition, and differences from the true Oriental ruby were explained by Mr. Runge. On May 18, 1915, the winter series of monthly lectures was inaugurated by Captain White, M.B.O.U., R.A.O.U., who before a large audience lectured upon “From Cape Town to Lomate Land with the Camera.’’ With the aid of about 200 views, all taken by Captain White while on.a big-game hunting expedition in East and Central Africa, the lecturer described much of interest concerning Cape Town, and then spoke of his journey northwards, when Port Elizabeth, Dur- ban, Delagoa Bay, and the interesting Portuguese town of Lorenzo Marques were visited. Mozambique, depicted by many beautiful slides, was the next port of call, and later the town of Dar-es-saalem, the principal port of the late German East African settlements, was reached. From here the journey to Zanzibar was taken, and a considerable time spent upon the island. Many beautiful views, illustrating the scenery, the fauna and flora, and the natives were shown. Mombassa and Malinda were next visited, and then the Lamu Archipelago. The travellers continued northwards to the village of Mar- tironi, and journeyed overland through jungle and forests inhabited by big game and strange and beautiful birds, many of which were secured. On the return trip Mount Kili-wan- jaro was visited, where many different races of people were encountered. Slides of these, as well as the flora and fauna of this part of the country, were shown. On June 17, 1915, Mr. A. R.- Riddle lectured before a large audience on “Salt, the Industry, and the State.” Of the State’s mineral resources, the production of salt had pro- duced wealth to the extent of £346,000 in the last ten years ; thus it ranked next to copper as a source of mineral wealth in South Australia. He stated that until recently the salt lagoons within a few miles of Yorketown had been responsible for nearly all the South Australian supply. At Port Augusta a company had commenced operations with the object of obtaining salt by the evaporation of sea water. With ideal natural evaporating pans, the low rainfall, and the high evaporation, the venture compared favourably with that of the Cheetham Salt Company in Victoria, which produced from 875 30,000 to 40,000 tons annually by this process. All the other salt-producing areas in South Australia were discussed. Mr. Riddle illustrated his lecture with a fine series of slides, which portrayed the salt and gypsum deposits, together with their associated geological features. On July 22, 1915, an interesting lecture, illustrated by a large number of lantern slides, on the subject of “Forestry’’ was delivered before a large audience by Mr. Walter Gill, F.L.S. The lecturer first dealt with the economic importance of South Australian timbers, and stated that during the last few years 5,000 acres had been planted with 2,600,000 trees, mainly pines, of which 90 per cent. were alive. Hardwood required at least sixty years to mature for most purposes, whereas pines required only half that time. Planting had been carried out in Wirrabara, Kuipto, and Second Valley Forests, as well as in the South-eastern Forests of Penola, Caroline, and Mount Burr, all of which are in a highly satis- factory state of development. Extensive work had also been done in regenerating some of our native timbers, notably the stringy bark, the value of which had long been recognized. Mr. Gill illustrated his lecture by a fine series of lantern slides. On August 19, 1915, before a large audience, Mr. L. H. Howie, by means of the episcope, showed on the screen a large number of oil and water-colour sketches of South Australian scenes, many of which were of localities visited by the Section. Over 100 views were shown and great interest was displayed in the collection. ; EXCURSIONS. The greatest number that attended an excursion was sixty and the lowest twelve, with an average attendance of thirty- two. On September 26, 1914, the first excursion took place under the leadership of Professor T. G. B. Osborn, M.Sc. A visit was made to the Torrens Gorge, but owing to the dry conditions of the country specimens were scarce. Nevertheless, a good many interesting plants were collected, which formed the subject matter of an instructive address by the Professor. On October 14, 1914, Barossa Reservoir was visited. Under the leadership of Mr. J. W. Mellor the members were afforded an opportunity of studying the bird life of the district. The extreme dryness of the season interfered with the usual habits of the birds, and only a limited number were met with. Those members with geological interests were entrusted to Mr. Riddle’s leadership. After a good deal of country had been examined and specimens collected, Mr. Riddle discussed the neighbourhood and gave a survey of the work that had 876 been done by Mr. Howchin and others as to the origin of the great alluvial deposits. On October 3, 1914, the Chairman (Captain White, M.B.O.U., R.A.O.U.) invited the members to view a large collection of natural history specimens that he had brought back from the Musgrave and Everard Ranges, in the north- west of South Australia. They included a large collection of reptiles, containing many rare snakes and lizards, several specimens of mammals, land shells, birds’ eggs, spiders, and insects, many of them new to science. Particular interest was attached to a collection of ants, including thirty species, of which quite twenty were new to science. The botanical collec- tion was also large and varied, covering more than 200 species, many of which were also new discoveries. The largest division comprised a unique collection of birds’ skins—some also new to science. Amongst the new finds one of the most notable was the rediscovery of Xerophila pectoralis, Gould’s long-lost type, described in 1871 from a single specimen. A number of native weapons and utensils were also among the exhibits. On November 24, 1914, under the leadership of Dr. W. G. Torr, assisted by Mr. W. J. Kimber, Marino was visited for the purpose of studying chitons. After collecting a number of specimens for reference, Dr. Torr spoke of the work that had been accomplished in connection with this section of the Mollusca, and remarked that chitons were found in almost every part of the world. By diagrams drawn on the sand the interesting and complicated structure of these creatures was shown. So far sixty-two species have been recorded for South Australia, and a list of these has been published by Dr. Torr in the Royal Society’s Proceedings. On December 5, 1914, the annual social outing took place at Scott Creek, Mount Lofty. A very enjoyable afternoon was spent, through the kind hospitality of Mr. E. H. Lock, F.R.H.S., who entertained members at tea. On February 6, 1915, under the leadership of Mr. W. J. Kimber, St. Kilda Beach was visited. This locality proved of much interest, particularly as the tide was low, exposing the mangrove-fringed mud and sand flats. Mr. Kimber described to members much of the life history of the specimens » discovered. A _ semi-fossil shelly deposit was also examined and found to contain Columbella bidentata, which is now rarely found in South Australia. Several species of Capulus were also found, including C. violaceus, a shell uncommon on most of our beaches. On March 6, 1915, a dredging excursion was conducted off the Semaphore, under the leadership of Dr. R. H. Pulleine and Mr. W. J. Kimber, when many interesting forms of 877 sea-life were secured. They included crustacea, brightly- coloured sponges and seaweed, hydromedusa, starfish, sea urchins, and marine worms. On April 24, 1915, a botanical excursion was held at Aldgate, under the leadership of Mr. W. H. Selway. The gardens of Mr. W. H. Bagot were visited, and a study made of the large collection of European trees growing there. A visit was also made to Mrs. Caley Smith’s Nursery, where a very great variety of dahlias, mostly in full bloom, was inspected. Mr. Selway, with the aid of specimens collected, addressed the members on the subject of “Leaves and their Life History,’’ with special reference to “autumn tints.’’ He first dealt with the development of the young bud and then the history of the young leaf, the various positions it assumes, and its process of sugar manufacture. The function of the stomata, the action of the protoplasm, and the colouring pro- perties of the chlorophyll were also pointed out. The varying venation of the leaves, their shape, variety, and colour, as well as the causes for their autumnal colouring, were explained. On May 10, 1915, under the leadership of Mr. A. R. Riddle, an excursion was made to the valley of the Sturt River, primarily to study the Cambrian glacial beds. Just above these, in the Cambrian series, the Tapley Hull ribbon- slates are well seen in a quarry which was visited. Further up the valley the almost unique glacial beds come into view. Mr. Riddle said the beds were of exceptional interest, and that for most of the knowledge which we to-day possess respecting them tribute must be paid to the pioneering indus- try of Mr. Howchin. In addition to the many glacial phenomena, the general physiographic features were made the subject of short lecturettes from Mr. Riddle. At a waterfall some interesting pot-holes were observed in the rock, and in the bottom of the holes were noticed the small stones which, under the movement caused by the water swirling around, were slowly making the holes larger. On June 7, 1915, a whole day’s excursion was held at Forest Range, but owing to the inclemency of the weather little field work was done. The leader, Mr. E. H. Lock, F.R.H.S., contributed a paper upon “The Commercial Value of our Stringybarks,’’ and much valuable information was gathered from it. On June 28, 1915, a geological excursion was made under the leadership of Mr. P. H. E. Runge (Hon. Secretary) to Williamstown. The journey was taken to Gawler by train and then by motor through Willhamstown to the site of the 878 Varren Reservoir. Here an inspection was made of the works that were in progress and of the interesting contorted rocks. exposed in the wall of the excavations. The pipeclay deposits and the rutile mines existing in the neighbourhood were also examined. From these and other sources good collections of specimens were made. On July 24, 1915, Morialta Gorge was visited, and under the leadership of Mr. A. G. Edquist a physiographical study of the features of the gorge was made. The two distinct types of scenery which characterize the gorge—the softly-rounded hills at the entrance and covered with a wealth of green turf, and its rugged and almost barren type of scenery that abounds further up the gorge—were pointed out. It was also shown what a great part the rainfall, dip of strata, jointing and composition of rocks played in the moulding of the scenery. Mr. Edquist explained that the marked change in the flora was due to the nature of the rocky subsoil. Certain communities of plants preferred the clays and loams derived from argillace- ous rocks, others enjoyed the calcareous loams derived from the thick stratum of dolomitic limestone, while a third class flourished on the light sandy soils derived from the quartzites which gave rise to the gorge. At the entrance of the gorge, where the dense quartzite rocks hfted themselves to a height of several hundred feet, the junction of the hard and soft rocks was pointed out, and they marked the position of the original waterfall. On August 21, 1915, an excursion was made to Snowder Beach, near the Outer Harbour, under the leadership of Mr. W. J. Kimber. After a good collection of marine mollusca had been gathered from the long strip of narrow beach, Mr. Kimber, by a series of short discourses, mentioned many interesting facts about their habits. The differences between the carnivorous and vegetarian mollusca were explained and the methods of attack used by the univalve shells upon the bivalve shells were demonstrated. A piece of a Cypraea thersites was taken, showing that this beautiful cowrie, though not suspected previously, lives in the adjacent waters. Specimens of Pinna inermis, with Capulus australis and Ostrea angast attached, were also found. On September 11, 1915, Mrs. R. S. Rogers lead a walking excursion from Upper Sturt to Belair, with the object of studying the various species of wattles. The display was some- what disappointing, the season being rather advanced. How- ever, this was more than compensated for by the abundance of other flora, notably orchids, of which eleven species were taken. 879 NEw DISCOVERIES By MEMBERS. During the North-western Scientific Expedition, Captain White, M.B.O.U., R.A.O.U., discovered five new birds, twenty new varieties of ants, several new plants, and some new spiders (not yet classified). S. A. WHITE, Chairman. PrercivaL Runce, Hon. Secretary. September 21, 1915. TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIVE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION COMMITTEE OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEM- BER 21, 1915. During the year several correspondents have communi- cated with the Committee pointing out that the destruction of native bird life continues, particularly in the Meningie and the Lake districts. The matter was placed in the hands of the Hon. Secretary (Mr. P. Runge), and enquiries were made from the Protector of Aborigines and other gentlemen con- cerned. Afterwards it was placed in the hands of the President of the P.A.O.U., and is being attended to. Mention was made in the last annual report that the “Toolach,” or brush kangaroo, whose fur is of exceptional value, was believed to be, for want of proper protection, extinct. However, during the year a few of these native animals have appeared on a station in the South-east. If any of these can be secured alive it is intended to place them on the Kangaroo Island Reserve, providing that their proper protection is assured. The Chairman of the Committee (Mr. Edwin Ashby) has been again in communication with the State Government con- cerning the Bill prepared for the purpose of the establishing of Flinders Chase and investing it in trustees as a National Park and a Fauna and Flora Reserve. The Bill was prepared nearly two years ago by the Parliamentary draughtsman to be: introduced into the House, but it is now feared that owing to the war and national stress the financial suggestions it embodies may defer its introduction indefinitely, and rather than this: 880 should happen the Committee would sooner that it be modified. At the request of the Parliamentary draughtsman our Chair- man went through the draft Bill on two occasions and made such recommendations as seemed advisable. The Chairman also received a letter from Mr. W. H. Strawbridge in reference to the matter last May. He sug- gested that Western River should be included in the Reserve, as the mouth of the river is one of the few possible harbours at that end of the island. The locality is well suited to the needs of the lyre bird and other fauna. Information has reached the Committee that all the protection of the fauna at the western end of Kangaroo Island is in abeyance, as it is under “Military Law.” If this is correct, it is felt that some action might be taken in approaching the Federal authorities to protect the fauna. Although the Committee has no quite recent information of the destruction of the native fauna on Kangaroo Island, it is said to be still going on, and it feels that some definite action should be taken by the State Government to prevent the extinction of so many of our native fur-bearing animals. Epwin Asusy, Chairman. PrrcivaL Runce, Hon. Secretary. September 21, 1915. “Wego wW ‘aaqy ‘d waLIv AL ‘qNOWWAUG “WV ‘GI6L ‘LT toqureydog ‘qyooI100 Punof puv poyIpny ‘SLOJIPNP ‘PIL ‘SOL FF prvasoy YTnorg eourpeg 685 OL VL 66S P ‘PuBMIO} pebiieo aourpeg * 0 “ £Teyaoin; “* 0 ‘Oyo ‘senvqysog “‘ I sae eee tee eee S}UOULYSal ory a9 I Rafe ae ae: sae este SIOALICY 04 sdty, ce 9 8 LE es at arte Balt Sore J WOTSINOXG - (ec ae “* S19UIBAIG puv SIOJOP JO OATH OF, f, woe xe y ouvle”d Wpay Ad 5 ps g =) = Ko) oa 1) CO 886 Disogmus nigerrimus, 386. Ditropidus whitez, 800. Dodd, A. P., Australian Hymen- optera, 384. Errata, 454. Dolomedes facetus, 786. Dolophones, 781; D. intricata, 782; thomisoides, 782. Donuca spectabilis, 570. Drassidae, 779. Dromiceiidae, 740. Dromiceius novae-hollandiae, 740. Dytiscidae, 794. Earias huegeli, 369; ochrophylla, 369; parallela, 569. Echemus (?) griseus, 779. Echeneis australis, 340. Ectopatria aspera, 363. Ectropis hieroglyphica, 380; plectro- neura, 380; pristis, 580. Edquist, A. G., Exhibits: ants, 844; photographs of lightning, 849. Edusa, 191; table of species, 193; E. abdominalis, 209; araeoceroides, 207; atrichia, 212; aureorufa, 218; aureoviridis, 201; blackburni, 205; chalcea, 232; chlorion, 224; chloro- phana, 213; chrysura, 200; cly- pealis, 208; discicollis, 253; dispar, 999: distincta, 204; diversicollis, 202; evanescens, 200; flavicornis, 992: flavipes, 214; froggatti, 202; fusca, 207; germari, 199; griffithi, 226: heterodoxa, 216; impressi- ceps, 229; marginicollis, 217; melanoptera, 219; melanosoma, 205; metallica,’ 230; meyricki, 204; mira, 225; montana, 205; monti- cola, 210; niveosquamosa, 225; pallidiventris, 206; palpalis, 227; pavens, 202; perplexa, 203; plicata, 213; podagrosa, 215; posthumer- alis, 223: puberula, 201: rufilabris, 211: securigera, 234; sericea, 228; setipennis, 221; spinicollis, 204; submaculata, 218; suturalis, 200; tridens, 220; turneri, 252; ursa, 920; virgatipes, 231; viridicollis, 199: viridifrons, 221; viridilatera, 993: viridimetallica, 215; viridi- pennis, 200; ziczac, 206; zietzi, 217. Edusoides pulcher, 277. Egernia whitii, 769. Egestria sulcicollis, 796. Elateridae, 794. Elseya m. melanons, 742. Emblema pieta ethelae, 759. Emmiltis argillina, 378; cosmadelpha, 378; trissodesma, 378. Empusa muscae, 4555. Entomacis, 399; table of species, 400; E. australis, 400; elegans, 401; monilicornis, 400. Entorrhiza solani, 354. Eois albicostata, 377; stenozona, 378. Kolophus r. roseicapillus, 745. Hrato minor, 351. Eremaea, 808; EF. zonospila, 803. Kremochroa alphitias, 364; macropa, aie paradesma, 304; thermidora, Kremophila neglecta, 96. Erysiphe graminis, 354. Erythrichthyidae, 464. Ethelornis culicivorus musgravi, 749. Eublemma anachoresis, 368; cochy- lioides, 368: dubia, 368: rivula, 368. Euchloris albicosta, 379; vertum- naria, 379. Hucolaspis, 318; F. tricolor, $18. Eugaleus australis, 460. Euhoplopria, 414: table of species, 415; E. carinatifrons, 415; emargr- pennis, 416; lativentris, 416. Eulocastra eurynipha, 368. tranquilla, 320; Bapuch saliaris, 363; sepultrix, 303. Eumicrosoma, 452. EKumolpides, Notes on Australian, 102; table of genera, 106; cata- logue, 109. Euomus, 62. Euphorbiaceae, 832. Eupterotidae, 803. Eustrotia amorpha, 308; ritsemae, 568. Euxoa infusa, 362; porphyricollis, Z62; radians, 362; reclusa, 362. Everard Range, Aboriginals of, 725. Expedition to North-west Region of South Australia, 707. Eyramytis, 754, 764. Falco hypoleucus, 744; 1. longi- pennis, 744. Falconidae, 744. Ferguson, EK. W., Notes on Amyc- terides, 57. Ferns, previously unrecorded, 100. Field Naturalists’ Section, 872. TFishes of S. Aus. Government Traw- ling Cruise, 455. Flora of South Australia, Additions to, 94. Ss from Lilydale borings, 44, Formicidae, 805. Frankeniaceae, 833. Fungi, South Australian, 352. Fusicladium eriobotryae, 356. Galeorhinidae, 459. Galeorhinus antarcticus, 459. Galesus assimilis, 441: atricoxa, 440. Garabidae, 794. Geckonidae, 767. Gehyra variegata, 767. Geloptera, 235, 236; table of species, 37; G. angulicollis, 259; armiven- tris, 241; basiventris, 248; bidenti- media, 250; coatesi, 245; composita, 246; concinna, 258; eluta, 247; geniculata, 259; hardcastler, 256: igneonitens, 255; <«llidgei, 260; inaequalis, 240; intercoxalis, 245; jugularis, 240; Jatericollis, 257; lateridens, 260; medzofusca, 241; microcalla, 255: minima, 254, miracula, 251; nodosa, 239; orzen- talis, 242; pallipes, 254 ; porosa, 250 ; punctatissima, 252; rhae- bocnema, 249; scitula, 246; semi- striata, 249 : setifera, ‘243: ‘striati- tetraspilota, 253; tuberculata, 239; uncinata, pennis, 252; tibialis, 258; tuberculiventris, 244; 244. Geobasileus chrysorrhaus addendus, 755, Geology of Torrens-limestones in type district, 1. Geometridae, 802. Geometrina, 375. Geraniaceae, 832. Glandulina aequalis, 348. Glareolidae, 743 Glaucopela interioris, 797. Gliciphila albifrons, 757, 765. Gloeosporium mezerei, 3856; nervi- sequum, 3555. Goodeniaceae, 838. Goodia, Grallina cyanoleuca, 755. Gramineae, 94, Grammodes ocellata, 370; oculicola, 370; pulcherrima, 370. Grass, Insect-catching, 92. Griffith, H. H. D., Exhibit: snake, 844. Griffithia helipteroides, 97. vesicularis, Gypsina globulus, 349; 349. Haematozoa of Australian birds, 25. Halaelurus (see Scylliorhinus). Haliastur sphenurus, 744. Hallornis cyanotus, 754. Halone sejuncta, 359; sinuata, 359. Haloragidaceae, 834 Halteridium, 28. Haplophragmium latidorsatum, 348. eee, 802; H. eremoplana, Hasarius, 791. Hemilexis truncata, 401. Hendersonia scerpicola, 355. Herniaria hirsuta, 95. Heterocera, 801. Heterodontidae, 459. Heterodontus philippi, 459. Heteronota bynoei, 767. Heteroscenes pallidus, 747, 760. ( tae fasciolata, 769; lesueurii, Hirundinidae, 748. Hirundo neoxena, 748. Histeridae, 794. Histiopteridae, 465. Holothuria hartmeyeri, 17. Holothuroidea, South Australian, 16. Hoplogryon castaneithorax, 450; fusicoxa, 450. Hoplopriella, 416; table of species, Alis | abnormipennis, 421; bicoloricornis, 419; concoloricornis, 423; fuscitegula, 423 ; longiventris, 420 : maculosa, 419; parvipunctata, 422: punctaticeps, 423: rubrinotum, 421; stmulans, 424; sulcaticeps, 495 : tasmanica, 429 tricarinata, 424. Howchin, W., Geological Map of Torrens- Limestones, Foramini- fera from Lilydale borings, 344. Exhibits: pseudo-fossils, 847. _Hybernia nce 380. Hyborrhynchus, 59. Hydriomena_ actinipha, 376; eropa, 376; imperviata, 376; mecynata, 375 ; pentodonta, 376; subochraria, 376; suberectaria, 376; uncinata, $75. Hydrophilidae, 794. Hymenoptera, Australian, (White’s Expedition), 805. Hypochroma occultaria, 379. Hypoderes, 235. Hypoperigea tonsa, 367. Hypycnopa delotis, 376. 584 ; Ieracidea b. berigora, 744. Ilema replana, Insecta (White’s Expedition), 793. Iridomyrmex cyaneus, 812; detectus var. viridiaeneus, 811; discors var. aeneogaster, 811; gracilis subsp.. spurcus, 813; rufoniger, 812. Isometroides (?) vescus, 773. Isopeda conspersula, 785; leishmanni, 786. Joshua, E. C., and E. Creed, South Australian Holothuroidea, 16. Juncaceae, 826 Kathetostoma Kentrocapros, Labiatae, 835. Lacertilia (White’s Expedition), 766. distoma, 348; hexagona, marginata, 348. Lalage tricolor, 751. Lampona punctigera, 780. Language of Everard Range tribe, $2. Laniidae, 755. nigrofasciatum, 469. 888 Lantern, purchase of, 843. Laphygma exempta, 364; exigua, 304. Lasiocampidae, 803. Lea, A. M., Insect-catching grass, 92; Australian Eumolpides, 102; stomach contents of birds (White’s Expedition), 760; Insecta, Coleop- tera (White’s Expedition), 793. Ex- hibits: insects, 843, 845, 847, 849, 852. Leaiopria, 420; L. termitarii, 427. Leguminosae, 95, 831. Leipoa ocellata, 740. Lepidocolaspis, 331; L. acanthomera, "$52 Lepidoptera of Broken Hill, 357; (White’s Expedition), 801. Leptogenys conigera var. centralis, 805. Leptolophus a. auricomis, 745. Leptomeris hypochra, 378; 578; optivata, 378; Leucocytozoa, 30. Leucopogon, New species of, 98; L. clelandi, 98; intermedius, 99 Leucorcirca tricolor, 750, 761. Lewinornis rufiventris maudeae, 749, 761. _Lialis burtoni, 767. Library, Donations to, 856. Lichenosthomus _ keartlandi, plumulus ethelae, 758, 765. Liliaceae, 826 Lilydale, Foraminifera from, 344. Limopsis insolita, 351. Lobibyx novae-hollandiae, 742. Lophophaps plumifera_ leucogaster, 741. lydia, rubraria, 378. 758 ; Loranthaceae, 827. Louvain, Protest against destruction of, 343. newer O. B., Lepidoptera of Broken il Loxotropa, ‘432: table of species, 432; L. bzeolor, 435 : fuscinotum, 484; graciliventris, A3S:' “gran diceps, 432: pubescens, 434; quadriceps, 5 Lucina affinis, 351. Lycosa leonhardii, 786; (?) topaz- iopsis, 786; (?) immansueta, 787; nigropunctata, 787. Lycosidae, 786. Lygocerus albovarius, 453: tus, 452. Lymantriadae, 802. unilinea- Macroteleia paucipunctata, 444. Maiden, J. H., congratulated, 849. Mailu (New Guinea), Natives of, 494; art and knowledge, 697 ; economies, 592; geography, 503; magico- reli- gious activities and beliefs, 647; social divisions, 509; tribal life, Ae Malacological Section, 882. Malinowski, B., Natives of Mailu (New Guinea), 494. ee melanotus callainus, 1753, Malvaceae, 833. Mammalia (White’s Expedition), 735. Marginulina costata, 348 Marsupialia, 737. McCulloch, A. R., and E. R. Waite, Revision of Aracana and its allies, 477. (See Waite and McCulloch.) Megapodidae, 740. Melanegis, 63; M. halmaturina, 86. ee cucullata vigorsi, 748, ns Aa mesoleuca, 362; pallida, 62. Meliphaga sonora, 758, 765. Meliphagidae, c Melophorus /aticeps, 813. Melopsittacus undulatus, 747. Members, List of, 869. Menkea hispidula, 830. Meuselia aureipes, 393. Microfilariae, 32. Micropia rhodocentra, 364. Microteleia pulchricorpus, 449. Miliolina agglutinans, 348; cuvier- iana, 348; ferussacii, 348; oblonga, 548; seminulum, 348: undosa, 348; venusta, 348; vulgaris, 348. Miturga lineata, 786. Mocis alterna, 370. Mollusca (Pulmonata—White’s dition), 770. Molochtus, 59; M. hercules, 74. Monacanthidae, 472. Monoctenianae, 377. Monomorium rothsteini, 806; whiter, 807. Morganornis superciliosus, 751, 762. Motacillidae, 759. Muridae, 735. Muscicapidae, 748. Mus hermannsburgensis, 736. Myoporaceae, 96, 836. Myrmacicelus pilosicornis, 798. Myrmecia vindex var. desertorum, 805. Myrtaceae, 833. Mythites, 62. Myzantha flavigula, 758, 766. Expe- var. tostum, ‘Native fauna and flora Protection Committee’s Report, 879. Neobetyla, 396; MN. aurea, 397; pulchricornis, 397. Neochalcites basalis, 748, 760. Neocleptria punctifera, 362. Neoplatycephalus, 466. Neopria, 429; table of species, 430; N. erythrothora xe, 430; sordida, 431; tritoveata, 430. Neopsephotus_ bourkii, 746, 760. Neosebastes thetidis, 466. Neositta pileata tenuirostris, 756, 765 Neostrepera versicolor plumbea, 759, 760. Nephila eremiana, 781. Neurogalesus, 411; table of species, 412: N. carinatus, 412; dissimitis, 413; grandis, 413; hackeri, 413; rubripes, 414. New Guinea (see Mailu): Nicotiana suaveolens var. excelsior, 835. Niguza habroseopa, 369; aniso- gramma, 370. Nitidulidae, 794. Noctuidae, 801. Noctuina, 562. Nodosaria (Glandulina) aequalis, 348: costulata, 348; cbliqua, 348; sealaris, 348; soluta, 348. Nolinae, 359. we Nonionina depressula, 349: umbili- catula, : Notophoyx novae-hollandiae, 743. Nubecularia lucifuga, 348. Ocyphaps 1. lophotes, 742. Odontacolus Jaeviventris, 451. Odontomachus haematoda — subsp. coriarius, 306. Oleaceae, 834. Omphaletis acontoura, 365; exun- dans, 364: florescens, 364; helio- sema, 364; melodora, 364; meta- neura, 305; nuna, 364; sarco- morpha, 365: spodochroa, 365; petrodora, 565. ces scabies, 356. Operculina complanata, 349. ee (White’s Expedition), 735, Oplegnathidae, 464. Oplegnathus woodwardi, 464. Orectolobidae, Oreoica cristata clelandi, 755, 764. Osborn, T. G. B., South Australian Fungi, 352. Exhibits: bezoars, 848: fern, 850. Osteodes procurata, 379. Ostraciidae, 474. Otididae, 743. Owenavis osculans, 748. Oxyopidae, 788. Pachytyla doliopa, 380. Pantolutoidea, 390; P. castanevcor- pus, 392; nigricans, 392; rufinotum, 391; splendida, 391. Pantolytomyia, 395; P. ferruginea, 396. Papua, lecture on, 849; (see Mailu). Paramelora lychnota, 383; zopho- desma, 383. 889 Paramesius, 403; table of species, 403 ; P. angusticornis, 405; auretcorpus, 403; grandipennis, 404; Jleander, 403; punctatus, 404. Parascyllium ferrugineum, 459. Paratrachichthys trailli, 463. Pardalotinus rubricatus pallidus, 757, 765; striatus finkei, 757, 765. Parepthianura tricolor, 751, 762. Paridae, 755. Pasiphila filata, 375. Pataeta carbo, 568; 368. Paurocoma molybdina, 380. Pectinella griffithii, 94. Pedilidae, 795. Peltohyas a. australis, 743, 760. Peneroplis arietinus, 348. Pentaceropsis recurvirostris, 465. Pentellina angularis, 348, 349. Perigea confundens, 374. Peripyra sanguinipuncta, 363. Peronospora schleideni, 355. Persectania ewingii, 363. Petrogale lateralis, 737. Phaenopria semicastanea, 441. Phaenoserphus intrudens, 389. Phaps ec. chalcoptera, 741. Phragmatiphila truneata, 368. Phrissogonus laticostatus, 375. Phyllophorus ventripes, 19. Phytometra argentifera, 371; cytes, 371; subsidens, 371. Pimelea continua, 96 Pisauridae, 786. Pittosporaceae, 831. Placotrochus deltoideus, 351. Plagiogeneion macrolepis, 464. aca (Sigmoilina) sigmoidea, conspicienda, chal- Planorbulina -acervalis, 349; larvata, 349; mediterranensis, Plasmodium biziurae, 27; passeris, Platycephalidae, 466. Platycephalus conatus, 466. Platyscelio mirabilis, 444. Ploceidae, 759. Podargidae, 747. Podargus strigoides, 747. Podicipidae, Podomyrma bimaculata, 806.. Polia consanguis, 363. Poliocephalus p. poliocephalus,. 742:. Poliodule xanthodelta, 359. Polydesma aglossoides, S71; picta, 371: lawsoni, 371; murina, 371. Polydiapria, 427; P. atriceps, 428 ; Polymorphina_ communis, 349; ele- gantissima, 349; gibba, 349; prob- lema, 349; regina, 349. Polypodiaceae, 824. Polypria, 410; P. nigriventris, att Polyrhachis longipes. 821. ignei-. sub+ 890 Polystomella craticulata, 349; crispa, 349: macella, 349; verriculata, 349, 550. Poronia punctata, 354. Portulacaceae, 830. Potamogetonaceae, 94. ‘Prionopidae, : Pristiophoridae, 460. Pristiophorus nudipinnis, 460. Proceedings, Abstract of, 843. Proconis eulopha, 374. Proctotrypes australiae, 387; jan- thinae, 587. Proctotrypidae, 384; table of genera, 584 Prodidomidae, 1775. Prometopus horologa, 364. Propatria mundoides, 363. _ Propentapria,, 425; P. multifoveata, 420. Prorocopis adelopis, 373; euxantha, 373; hypoxantha, 373; leucocrossa, 373; melanochorda, 573; stenota, 375; symmopa, 375 Proteaceae, 826. Proteuxoa mniodes, 363. Proxenus tenuis, 567. Prypnocolaspis, 321; PP. 321; submetallica, 322. Psephotus varius rosinae, 746. Pseudechis australis, 7957. Pseudocucumis bicolumnatus, 19. Pseudohostus, 789; P. squamosus, 789. Pseudolabridae, 466. Pesudolabrus tetricus, 466. Pseudopeziza medicaginis, 355. Pseudoterpna argyraspis, 379. Psilommella, 392; P. petiolata, 392. Ptenoedus mathewsi vigorsi, 751. Pterigeron cylindriceps, 889. Pteris tremula, 100. Pteropodocys maxima, 750, 761. Pterygotrigla polyommata, 468. | Ptilotula penicillata leilavalensis, 758, Puccinia dampierae, 353; epilobii- tetragoni, 353; hederaceae, 553; helianthi, 353; hypochoeridis, 553; juncophila, 353; morrisoni, 354; poarum, 354; tasmanica, 454; tetragoniae, 354; thuemeni, 354. Pulleine, R. H., Exhibits: native implements, 850; sorcerer’s stone, 843; spiders, 843, 847 Pullenia sphaeroides, 349. Pultenaea cymbifolia, 96. Pulvinulina elegans, 349; oblonga, 349; scabricula, 349, 350; tumida, 349 Pygopodidae, 767. Pylarge episcia, 578. Pyralidae, 803. Pyrrholaemus brunneus, 753, 763. Pystira orbiculata, 790. latibasis, Rainbow, W. J., Arachnida (White’s Expedition), 772. Se gues nitidus, 335; parvicollis, Rhodona bipes, 769; gerrardi, 769. Rhyparida, 111: table of species, 112; R. aeneotincta, 130; alcyone, 148; allenit, 146; amplicollis, 130; angusticollis, 147; apicalis, 122; apicipennis, 133; atra, 149; aus- tralis, 119; basalis, 127; basipennis, 158; bimaculicollis, 139; bivitti- collis, 165; brevilineata, 125; brevis, 137; caeruleipennis, 151; carteri, 151; clypeata, 124; com- mutabilis, 165; copei, 145; cras- sipes, 140; decipiens, 150; didyma, 118; dimidiata, 126; discopunctu- lata, 129; elliptica, 135; flava, 131; flavipennis, 156; flavolatera, 152; fulvolimbata, 122; fuscosuturalis, 163; grandis, 127; halticoides, 156; herbacea, 129; humeralis, 160; insulicola, 154; interioris, 128;_ limbatipennis, 124; maculicollis, 128; mastersi, 128; mayae, 133; medionigra, 136; mediorufa, 149; mediovittata, 154;. megalops, 132; melvillensis, 142; militaris, 143; minuscula, 164;, morosa, 125; nigrocyanea, 121;- nitida, 121; ophthalmica, 141; ovata, 158; © pallidula, 162; parvicollis, 134; pilosa, 132; platyderes, 188; polymorpha, 143; posticalis, 130; prosternalis, 138; punctulata, 131; rufa, 121; ruficeps, 142; ruficollis, 120; semiflava, 160; seminigra, 159; subangulata, 139; tenuis, 1604; tetraspilota, 147; triangultfera, 1538; . trimaculata, 125: treped, 157; uniformis, 129; vagans, 161; vartipennis, 155; vulnerata, 148. - Rhytidoponera cornuta subsp. taurus, 805; metallica var. purpurascens, Riddle, A. R., Pulmonata, 770; Ex- hibits: gypsum, 846; fungus, 847; ‘‘coal-apple’’ and chitons, 850, Roeselia lugens, 359. Rogers, Exhibits: orchids, 848. Rotalia orbicularis, 349; papillosa var. compressiuscula, 349, 50; ae 3549, 350; soldanii, Rubiaceae, 838. Rutaceae, 832. Salticidae, 790. Samuela cinnamonea, 751, 761. Sandava xylistis, 371. Santalaceae, 827. Sapindaceae, 833. Saragus strigiventris, 795. 891 Scarabaeidae, 794. Scarfe, T. R., Death of, 844. Scelio australis, 449. Scelionidae, 443. Scelodonta, 167; simoni, 167. Scincidae, 769. Scioglyptis trisyneura, 380. Sclerotinia libertiana, 355. Scoliacma bicolor, 359. Scorpaenidae, 466. Scorpionidae, 773. Scrophulariaceae, 836. Scylliorhinidae, 459. Scylliorhinus analis, 459. Selidosema acaciaria, 380; argoplaca, 380; diagramma, 3880; excursaria, 380; suasaria, 380. Senecio odoratus var. obtusifolius, 96. Septoria petroselini, 355; petroselini yar. apii, 555; rubi, 555; tritici, 355. Serranidae, 464. Servaea obscura, 791. Sigmoilina sigmoidea, 348. Sittidae, 756. Smicrornis brevirostris mauthewsi, 749, 761. Solanaceae, 835. Solenopsiella, 428; S. distincta, 428. Sphaerotheca pannosa, 354. Sphenostoma cristatum 756, 705. : Spiloglaux boobook marmorata, 745. Spilomicrus gracilis, 402; quadriceps, 403 brevipilis, 168; subsp. pallidum, Spiroloculina grata, 348; tenuis, 348. Spodoptera mauritia, 364. : Sporobolus virginicus var. pallidus, 94. Squalidae, 460. Squalus fernandinus, 460. Squatina australis, 460. Squatinidae, 460. Stanley, E. R., Lecture on Papua, 849 Stephanopsis altifrons, 785. Sterculiaceae, 833 Stichopus ludwigi, 17. Stictopeleia c. cuneata, 740. Storena formosa, 780. Strigidae, 745. Stylaclista, 389; S. notabilis, $90. Sucker fish, 340. Sylviidae, 752. Taeniopygia castanotis, 759. Taphrina aurea, 354. Tarache clerana, 368; hieroglyphica, 368; nivipicta, 368. Tathorhynchus exsiccata, 871. Taxeotis delogramma, 3877; exsect- aria, 577; intextata, 377; phaeopa, 377; xanthogramma, 377. Tenebrionidae, 794. Terillus, 235, 261; rotundicollis, 261. Tetralophus, 64. Tetramopria Jlongiciliata, 442; chra, 443. Tetraodon armilla, 475. Tetraodontidae, 475. Textularia agglutinans, 348; agglu- tinans var. porrecta, 348; gibbosa, 548; gramen, 348 Thalainodes allochroa, 383; nycha, 583; tetraclada, 383. Thallarcha albicollis, 360; catasticta, 560; jocularis, 360; rhaptophora, 560; sparsana, 360. Theridiidae, 780. Thomisidae, 783. Threlkeldia obliqua, 95. Thymelaeaceae, 96. Thyone nigra, 20; vercoi, 19, 22. Thrysites atun, Timeliidae, 1751. Tineidae, 804. Tmarus punctatus, 784. Tomyris, 169; table of species, 170; T. aerata, 187; apicicollis, 175; aurea, 189; aureoviridis, 1717; compacta, 185; curnowi, 188; distributa, 189; pul- paro- dumbrelli, 176; elegantula, 173; exilis, 182; femoralis, 183; fovei- ventris, 187; foveolata, 173; fugi- tiva, 174; gracilicornis, 190; illaetabilis, 181; «incisa, 186; in- conspicua, 184; insignis, 173; irrasa, 190; longa, 177; mediana, 175; picticornis, 176; pulcherrima, 188; pusilla, 172; queenslandica, 178; sculpticollis, 185; similis, 190; sorer, 181; sublaeta, 180; tanézlla, 179; teppert, 119, - qillosa. 164 ; wiburdi, 178. Toxanthus whitez, 840. Trachichthodes gerrardi, 463; line- atus, 461. Trichinium Whitei, 95. Trichiuridae, 465. Trichopria, 435; table of species, 435: T. acuminata, 436; affinis, 437; atricorpus, 436; Jlongiclava, -437; nigricorpus, 4365. Triglidae, 468. Triloculina cuneata, 348; tricarinata, 548; trigonula, 548. Triodia aristata, 825. Trissoleus coriaceus, 451. Tritaxia tricarinata, $48. Trite ornata, 792. Trochodota allani, 21. Truncatulina haidingerii, 349; loba- tula, 349; reticulata, 349; tenui- margo, 549; ungeriana, 349; wuellerstorfi, 349. Trypanosomes, él. 892 table of species, | biimpressa, 524; multi- 330; multiseriata, 529 ; 326 ; punctatostriata, 528; ventralis, 328. Trypocolaspis, $23; o24; 7’. carinata, obscuripes, 527; sinuata, Turdidae, 751. Turner, A. J Hep copiers (White’s Expedition), 801. Turnicidae, Turritella ‘aldingae, 551. | Tylochares goniosticha, 803. Tympanocryptis cephalus, 769; ata, 769. line- Umbelliferae, 834. Uranoscopidae, 469. Uroaetus a. audax, 744. Urodacus woodwardi, noe | Urolophus cruciatus, 460. Uromyces fusisporus, 353; microtidis, 558; striatus, 353; tricorynes, 353. Uromycladium simplex, Urticaceae, 826. Utetheisa pulchella, 361. Vanellidae, 742. Varanidae, 769. Varanus gileni, Verbenaceae, 835. Verneuilina triquetra, 348. Vertebrates, Red cells of, 38. Virago gibberifrons, 744. 769. Waite, E. R., Sucker fish, 340; Mammalia and Ophidia (White’s Expedition), 735. Exhibits: casts of fish and reptiles, 845, 852; sucker fish, — and A. R. McCulloch, Fishes of Government trawlin cruise, 455. (See McCulloch an Waite.) Wheeler, W. M., Formicidae (White’s Expedition), 05. Whiteornis goodenovii, 748, 760. White, S. A., Expedition to Mus- grave and Everard Ranges, 1707; Notes on Aborigines, 725; Notes on Birds, 740. Exhibits: fulgurite, 844; bezoars, 846; birds, 844, 846, 847, 848, 851. Xanthodule ombrophanes, 559 ; semiochrea, u Xanthomelon adcockianum, 771 ; perinflatum, 770. Xanthorhoe hyperythra, 577; para- delpha, 377; subidaria, 377. Xeda fasciata, 796. Xenochlaena porphyropa, 379. Zanclistius elevatus, 465. Zia tactalis, 359. Zodariidae, 780. Zygophyllaceae, 832. Vol. XXXIX., Plate Il. see oe “es Vol. XXXIX., Plate III. 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