ty wis5 reget ee Nae st Wepieenee IN dt ¥) < Lag lA ep IO 7. y uy y StS? See NE ier omnes neg? Pe eee Orne, : ; cpanel p steels Peele AO i oa sean ake Lie aa parte tees _ Reps ins Sa ane SNe eT Enron HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. PP TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AND Ree Eb OR | OF THE | ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. VOm i De (For 1886-7.) | Bh, i959 PRICH, THN SHILLINGS. A Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. 1888. ' eee it. OS ee | VARDON & PRITCHARD, PRINTERS, GRESHAM STREET, ADELAIDE. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Aus- tralia, from Europe and America, should be addressed *‘ per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 35, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.” TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AND free ba) KE OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Se CO re, (For 1886-7.) PRICE, TEN SHILLINGS. Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. 1888. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Aus- tralia, from Europe and America, should be addressed *‘*‘ per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 35, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.” Aopul Society ot South Australia, —o—rkKse— Patron : HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. Vice-Patron : HIS EXCELLENCY SIR WILLIAM ROBINSON, K.C.M.G., C.B., &¢. ORE le hss [Elected October 5, 1887.] Hresident : PROFESSOR RENNIE, D.Sce., F.C.S. Gice-Dresidents : WALTER HOWCHIN, Ese., F.G.S. (Editor). RICHARD L. MESTAYER, Esq., C.E. Hon. Crewsnrer : Hon. Secretary : WALTER RUTT, Esq, C.E. | W. L. CLELAND, Eso., M.B. Other AWembers of Council: H. T. WHITTELL, Esq., M.D. C. TODD, Esq., C.M.G., M.A. (Representative Governor) D. B. ADAMSON, Esa. J. W. BUSSELL, Esa. REY. THOS. BLACKBURN, B.A. J. DAVIES THOMAS Esg., M.D. Assistant Secretarp : MR. A. MOLINEUX. CONTENTS. —¢-—— PAGE. Rev. T. Buacksurn: Description of Twenty New Species of South Australian Coleoptera .. -: Ae =: as oe as exk Rey. T. Buacksurn: Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with Descriptions of New Species ate ai Seq haloes Water Howcuin : Remarks on a Geological Section at the New Graving Dock, Glanville, with special reference to a supposed Old Land Surface now below Sea Level .. oe Se 2: ooh ou Rey. T. Buacksurn : Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with eee of New Species .. oe =: Se 63. 36 Rev. T. Buacksurn: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptoa with Descriptions of New Species .. oe oe : vs 52 Pror. E. H. Rennie: Notes on the Colouring Matter of Drosera Whittakeri.. ied ae ‘ ote ie “ or See We Dr. W. L. Cienanp: Caroona Hill (Lake Gilles) se 2: on 44 Baron F. von MvuELLER AND Pror. R. Tate: Definitions of Two New Australian Plants.. ate of ae sts qeecou H. Y. L. Brown: Notes on the Geological Features of the Teetulpa Goldfields .. ae ss ae aa ae os S- we (oe Tuomas Parker: The Underground Waters of South Australia and Suggestions as to Mode of their Utilization .. oe -- .. 84 Pror. R. Tate: The Gastropods of the Older Tertiary of Australia— Part I. (plates i.-xiii.) .. -- sc ae =. ap) ‘Rey. T. Buacksurn: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with Descriptions of New Species .. a ae as Me « paradoxes FIcoIDEx. Mollugo Cerviana PoLYGONACES. Muhlenbeckia adpressa LEGUMINOSS. Bossiwa Walkeri Psoralea patens Goodia medicaginea Templetonia retusa a egena *Clianthus Dampieri Swainsona microphylla oF colutoides *Acacia calamifolia (?) ‘* continua ‘* colletioides ‘“ Burkitti ‘* aneura CRASSULACE. Tillea verticillaris HALoRAGEX. Haloragis elata Loudonia aurea MYRTACE. Beckea Behrii RHAMNACEZS. *Cryptandra tomentosa “f leucophracta THYMELEZ. Pimelea simplex “ microcephala oi petra PROTEACES. Grevillea aspera Hakea multilineata LOoRANTHACES. *Loranthus pendulus RUBIACEA. Pomax umbellata Composit. Aster Stuartii “* Muelleri Minuria leptophylla Calotis cymbacantha *Brachycome pachyptera Polycalymma Stuartii Gnephosis Burkitti Chthonocephalus pseudevax *Cassinia levis Helichrysum Cassinianum ca ee semipapposum G polygalifolium Waitzia corymbosa Helipterum floribundum ss strictum us hyalospermum Gd pterochetum &s exiguum *Senecio Gregorii * « — Cunninghami CAMPANULACE. Isotoma petrxa Wabhlenbergia gracilis GooDENOVIZ. Velleia connata Goodenia calcarata as cycloptera, Scevola spinescens He ovalifolia ce emula Dampiera rosmarinifolia ASCLEPIADE. Sarcostemma australe 79 ScROPHULARINE. EKuphrasia Brownii SoLANACER. *Solanum fasciculatum ce Sturtii Bee 5 HE lacunarium ae ellipticum *Lycium australe Nicotiana suaveolens Anthocercis anisantha BoRAGINES. *Halgania cyanea LABIAT. Prostanthera striatiflora Teucrium ccrymbosum Westringia Dampieri MYopPoRINES. Myoporum platycarpum *Eremophila scoparia ee Paisleyi 7 ce oppositifolia obs McDonnelli ss Brownii i a maculata “2 ee latifolia es alternifolia % a6 longifolia EPACRIDES. Styphelia Sonderi e cordifolia LILIAcEz. Xerotes leucocephala ee glauca GRAMINEX. Amphipogon strictus FILICEs. *Cheilanthes vellea ? &< tenuifolia 6 distans = = Clelandi *Gramnites rutefolia *Adiantum Aithiopicum 80 DEFINITIONS OF Two NEw AUSTRALIAN PLANTS. By Baron Ferp. von Mvexuurr, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.RS., &e., and Proressor Ranpen Tarte, F.G.S., F.LS., &e. [Read October 2, 1887.] Cheilanthes Clelandi. Dwarf, stipes shining, dark-brown, almost glabrous; fronds small, semilanceolar-deltoid in outline, bipinnate, greyish-green ; rhachis beset with very short, spreading, somewhat glandular hairs; segments of frond broadly lnear, sessile, almost blunt, flat, minutely crenate-serrulate, glabrous, the terminal segment somewhat elongate ; indusium membranous, extending broadly and uninterruptedly along the whole lower margin of the fer- tile segments; sori minute, dispersed, one at the upper end of each of the prominent pinnately divergent veins, each separ- ately lodged in a sinus of the serrature. On Caroona Hill in the Gawler Ranges, 45 miles due west from the head of Spencer Gulf; Dr. Cleland. The only specimen available for examination is devoid of its rhizome; the stipesis about as long as the frond; the latter reaches a breadth of two inches anda length of three and a half, it is remarkably pale, particularly so im contrast to the dark-brown rhachis; the segments are nearly one-eighth inch broad, the indusium covering in close appression the greater portion of the soriferous segments ; sporangia very few in each sorus, almost unprovided with stalklets. 7 This singular fern combines the indusium of a Pteris with the disposition of the sori of a Chezlanthes, no threadlike receptacle uniting the sporangia into continuity, the latter being perfectly concealed. A close approach is offered by this plant also to Cryptogramme with which genus Prantl (in Engler’s Botanische Jahrbiicher, III., 413), unites Onychium and Llavea. Whether our new fern, which is preferentially placed under Cheilanthes but just as well referable to Crypto- gramme, has the generally dimorphous fronds of the last men- tioned genus, remains to be ascertained. In habit this fern closely resembles Pellea pilosa, P. Bojeri, P. densa, and Cheilanthes pulchella. The generic position, assigned to it, is rendered all the more justified, as Chezlanthes subvillosa has also a continuous equally wide and rather ample indusium. Moreover the general similarity of C. Clelandi to 81 C. Prenticet is very remarkable, though the latter, which as yet is only known from Thursday Island in Torres Straits, con- forms with the ordinary type in the genus as regards narrow irregular and somewhat crenulate reflection of the frond- margin for forming indusia over crowded sporangia, while the underside of the fronds is clothed with short hairs and the veins are much less prominent. Finally it may be added that C. Prenticez is closely allied to C. fragillima. Newcastlia Dixoni. An erect undershrub, moderately branched, attaining to two feet, densely tomentose ; leaves from rhomboid to cordate-ovate, sessile rather short, flat, thinly tomentose on both sides with whitish branched hairs ; lobes of the calyx narrow semilanceolar, considerably longer than the tube ; corolla about thrice as long as the calyx, slightly bearded inside near the base, otherwise almost glabrous; corolla-lobes narrow semilanceolar, nearly as long as the tube; stamens hardly half as long as the corolla- tube, inserted near the base; anthers cordate-orbicular ; style short, as well as the ovary glabrous. On sand-ridges at Ral-ral on the River Murray, 30 miles from the Victorian border; also at Crystal Brook; Mr. Samuel Dizon. Leaves from one-third to two-thirds of an inch long and nearly as broad. Calyces thinly tomentose outside. Corolla almost half an inch long. Ovary longer than broad, attenuated into the style. Nearest to NV. spodiotricha as regards form of corolla and anthers, but in other respects very different. The two following species are also additional to the flora of extratropical South Australia :— STENOPETALUM CROCEUM, Bunge (emended by F. v. M. in Frag. Phyt. xi. 6), at Innaminka on Cooper Creek (Mr. James McLeod!) ; the trisect petals are yellow. This plant has hitherto been known only from the western districts of West Australia. GEIJERA SALICIFOLIA.—This graceful tree has now been traced by Mr. Samuel Dixon from the River Darling district into South Australian territory to Ral-ral on the River Murray. NOTES ON THE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE TEETULPA GOLDFIELDS. By pV: “Brown, F.G:8: ‘Read April 5, 1887.] These fields are situated in the north-east district of the pro- vince, and are about 200 miles from Adelaide in a direct line. In its general appearance the country is uninteresting. The hills are low and undulating, and but few trees of any kind grow upon their slopes. They are covered, together with the flats and plains that lie between, with saltbush and bluebush. The few trees growing in the neighbourhood are, for the most part, sandalwood, and occasionally mallee. The country is covered with a yellow loamy clay of varying thickness, and quartz fragments. The quartz is derived from the reefs and blows, with which the neighbourhood abounds. The Primary rocks consist principally of undulating faulted strata of clay-slate, calcareous clay-slate, limestone, and clay- slate conglomerate. Their strike is, for the most part, east and west, and they are much jointed and cleaved in the same direction. The cleavage 1s at vertical and high angles, and almost entirely obliterates the bedding This makes the rocks appear to dip at high angles. The bedding, may, however, be generally detected by the different colours and hardness of the rock. No fossils have been found, but the age of the rocks is the same as those of which the main ranges to the southward are composed. They are, in fact, a continuation of those ranges. In places the clay-slate is a conglomerate, for boulders and pebbles of granite, quartzite, sandstone, and other silicious rocks are scattered through it in greater or less numbers. There are no defined dykes of igneous rock visible on the surface, but in some places decomposed micaceous veins have been met with. It is probable that as the country is underlaid by granitic and gneissic rocks, the igneous rocks occur to a greater extent at lower depths. Quartzite and sandstone beds are interstratified in places, but, comparatively speaking, they are not so frequent and per- sistent as in other parts of the surrounding districts. Eastward, towards the Weekeroo and Bumbumbie Ranges, these strata are underlaid by gneissic rocks, quartzites, mica schists, and metamorphic granite. These have a more or less 83 vertical dip, and an easterly strike, and have had dykes and masses of granite intruded into them. In the first-mentioned set of beds there are numerous quartz reefs and veins. Their general strike is in an east and west direction, but they also intersect the country more or less meridionally. North of Brady’s Gully there are gravel and boulder drifts, composed chiefly of quartz. These occupy a raised tableland adjoining the flats of Salt Creek. They exactly resemble the Pliocene auriferous gravels of Barossa and Echunga, but so far as they have been tested they have not been proved to be pay- ably auriferous. The gold in Brady’s, Goslin’s, and other gullies is found in the late tertiary and recent alluvial drifts and surfacing. In Brady’s Gully the auriferous deposit is spread widely over the flat, the depth of sinking varying in accordance with the thick- ness of the alluvium, the most shallow parts being where the present watercourse has eroded its upper portions. Owing to the prevalence of lmestone and calcareous slate beds, there is an abundance of travertine limestone in the soil, and found coating the rocks. In numbers of places this also cements the gravel, and forms a calcareous conglomerate or cement. This is frequently found to carry gold. With regard to the origin of the gold, there is no doubt but that many of the nuggets and the greater part of the finer alluvial gold has been derived from quartz reefs. Specimens have been found combining quartz and gold. Itis also found in iron oxide, but a matrix of ferruginous and travertine lime- stone is most frequent. It is possible that from these vein- stones the largest nuggets have been derived. These veins, being small and irregular, were probably diffi- eult to discover. In many instances, possibly, they had been entirely eroded at the same time as the formerly-existing superincumbent strata which supplied the gullies with gold. Good reports have recently been received from the men working the reefs, and rich specimens of gold have been shown. In one reef—the Ironclad—carbonate of bismuth and lead has been found associated with the veinstone and gold. Bis- muth is a good indication of the presence of gold. 84: THE UNDERGROUND WATERS OF SoutrH AUs— TRALIA, AND SUGGESTIONS AS TO MODE oF THEIR UTILIZATION. By Tuomas Parker, C.E. [Read May 3, 1887.] The existence of large quantities of underground water in South Australia has long been recognised, and they have been utilised to a considerable extent to the great advantage of the country, both by the ordinary method of wells, as also by means of bore-holes into artesian waters. There are, however, some drawbacks to these methods of obtaining water arising — from the cost of lifting it to the surface, and also in the case of artesian waters rising to the surface, in most cases, in small quantities, and at a low elevation not convenient for distribu- tion over any great extent of country. Tor these reasons I have been led to enter into the inquiry during recent years as: to whether it is not possible to avail ourselves of these subter- ranean waters by means of tunnels in the hills, and thus obtain larger supplies at much less cost, and at levels more convenient for distribution to our cities and towns or for irrigating our plains. I am now inclined to think the answer can be given in the affirmative, and my object in these notes is to give a few data and reasons in support of that conclusion, and to endea-. vour to reduce to a scientific form our present data respecting the underground waters. I had an opportunity some time ago of examining the large district and extensive basin through which the Willochra Creek has its course, with numerous branch creeks from the hills, and I obtained particulars over a wide district of the general position of the underground waters. From the depths. at which the water stands in a large number of wells on the sloping country on the eastern face of the Flinders Range, I ascertained that on a line running about two miles below the top of the range the water in the wells was pretty uniformly at a depth of from 90 to 100 feet from the surface or creek ievel, and the water generally free from salt, and useful for domestic purposes and for irrigation. On a line lower down, about two miles, and near and parallel to the main road from Quorn to Wilmington, the wells were found to be about 150 feet in depth,,. and generally slightly brackish. | 85 From these data and from levels taken with the aneroid ‘barometer, I laid down last year a hydro-geologieal section of the country from the Coonatto Range, past the township of Bruce, across the Willochra Valley, and the Flinders Range referred to, as far as the next valley of the Capoivie Creek. On this section I showed the line of surface, and underneath and nearly parallel to it the line of saturation or underground water line on the slope of the hills where my data extended, and then projected this latter line under the plain at the town- ship of Bruce at a depth of about 190 feet from the surface. I notice whilst writing that a boring party under the Conser- vator of Water (J. W. Jones, Esq.) have just struck good water near Bruce at a depth of 215 feet, which is artesian, and rising to the surface, flows over at the rate of 10,006 gallons per day. The water is found in a bed of white sand two feet six inches thick, which has a bed of white clay above it three feet in thickness, and a similar bed below it two feet in thickness. These beds of clay seem to act as a channel enclosing and conveying the water from its source, which is most probably from percolation into the alluvial beds from the creek at some point below the anticlinal axis. The conclusions I am inclined to draw from these and other similar data are the following, viz.:—(L) The underground waters coming from the hills in that district are flowing below in the same general direction as the fall of the surface of the country, and on a line nearly parallel to it. It is most probable that the same conditions prevail generally throughout the Flinders Ranges, of which this is a part. The underground waters from the Mount Lofty Range seem also to pass under the plain in a similar position. At Glen Osmond, where the surface is 469 feet above sea level, the line of saturation is about 26 feet to 40 feet from the surface. This line passes under and nearly parallel to the sur- face to Adelaide, where it is about 70 feet below tke City level. In the bore at Kent Town, according to the notes by Professor Tate, F.G.S., &c., published in the Society’s Proceedings, the depth of water is also 70 feet. Proceeding westward to Kil- kenny, the main body of water is at depths varying from 76 feet to 118 feet ; in addition to this, at the latter place, water is found at a little less depth. At Port Adelaide the only deep boring record I have been able to obtain shows that down to a depth of 100 feet from the surface this main stream of water is not reached. On the plain of the River Wakefield, which I examined last year, there is a remarkable peculiarity in the underground waters, which there appear to be divided into two streams running parallel to each other, one of which is quite salt 86 and the other fresh and useful for all purposes. I notice that in the bore put down at Port Wakefield by the Engimeer-in- Chief to a depth of 550 feet, described in the Society’s Pro- ceedings in 1881, the water, found at depths varying from about 40 feet to 230 feet from the surface, was very salt, and the bore was abandoned, as there was no sign that the expen- diture would result in asupply of water suitable for locomotive engines or any other purpose. I think it would be worth inquiring as to whether this bore was not in the line of this stream of underground salt water just referred to, and, by taking the lines of fresh water wells across the plain from near Balaklava westwards, endeavour to ascertain, if possible, the locality of this underground fresh water near Port Wake- field. (2). The source of these underground waters is percolation from the surface. This percolation takes place chiefly under the beds of rivers, creeks, and other water-courses in the hills and on the plains, in a vertical direction, and also laterally on each side of the river. In South Australia that portion of the rainfall is much the larger which never reaches our rivers and creeks, but enters the ground on or near the spot where it falls, and goes to swell the volume of the subterranean streams. This proportion of the rainfall thus sinking into the ground varies very much in different countries and from various causes. This subject of the proportion of our rainfall lost by percola- tion and other causes is a very difficult one, and also ot the greatest practical importance. In taking gaugings of the water flowing in the River Wakefield during a part of the year 1886, I found that out of an av erage rainfall over the catch- ment area of that river of = inches, the quantity flowing in the river would only amount to ;8, of an inch per annum. “As the gaugings were only taken for three months, the quantity per annum is only approximately estimated. I find that the gaug- ings of the Para River at Barossa in 1884 show about five inches discharged in the river out of an annual rainfall of 213 inches, and at Beetaloo in 1885 only ;5, inch out of a rainfall of 252 inches. These data show an enormous loss by percolation and evaporation and absorption, especially in the years 1885 and 1886. The loss from these causes is about as follows, viz. :— At Barossa, in 1884, 163 inches loss out of a total rainfall of 213 inches; at Beetaloo, in 1885, 24,7, inches loss out of a total rainfall of 254 inches, and at the River Wakefield, in 1886, 214 inches out of a total of 212 inches annual rainfall. Assum- ing the loss by evaporation and absorption to be half the above total quantities lost from all causes, the annual loss due alone to percolation underground will be as follows, viz.:—At the 87 Barossa catchment area annually a loss of 8+ inches in 1884, and 5 inches flowing in the river in the hills; at Beetaloo, in 1885, loss by percolation 12,4, inches, and flowing in the river =, inch; and at the River Wakefiel, in 1886, loss by percolation 102 inches, and flowing in the river in the hills where the river gauge was fixed, 48, of an inch. It will be seen by these calculations from the river gaugings that as the rainfall decreases, as in the years 1885 and 1886 in this colony, the proportion of water percolating underground largely increases. The same takes place in other countries. For instance, at the gathering ground of the Liverpool Water- works it was observed that with a rainfall of 48 inches the water lost by percolation was only 18 per cent., whilst during a year with a rainfall of only 34 inches the loss from this cause was 33 per cent. of the rainfall. I have not noticed the differ- ences of the geological features of the catchment areas of our rivers, as probably not much variation is due to this cause. 3. The next conclusion I draw is that in South Australia generally the waters passing underground are much larger in quantity than those flowing on the surface. It will be seen that the amount of loss by percolation in the mountain gather- ing grounds of the rivers referred to is very much larger than the portion flowing in the rivers. The comparative account is as follows, viz. :—In 1884, a year with about the average rainfall of the previous 20 years, the water lost by percolation in the hills is one-and-a half times the quantity flowing in the rivers at that point. In 1885 the percolation is twenty times the flow in the rivers, and in 1886 the loss by percolation is no less than about sixty times the flow in the rivers. Some of these waters reappear in the beds of our rivers in the hills in the form of springs more or less permanent, but only in small quantities compared to the water that has gone permanently underground, and, in most cases, this spring water, after flow- ing a short distance, is again lost by percolation. This is seen in Mount Brown and Spring Creeks, Willochra district; the Saunders Creek and South Rhine River; the Rivers Torrens, Wakefield, and Broughton; in some of the creeks in Baroota and other localities on the western slopes of the Flinders Ranges; also in many other districts that might be named. In addition to this loss in the hills we have also to consider the further great loss of water in the beds of the rivers and creeks after they debouch upon the plains, which, as is well known, sometimes amounts to a total disappearance of the stream into underground channels. In August, 1886, I observed the flood waters of the River Wakefield coming down after a long continuance of dry weather, and the progress in its channel across the plain near 88 Balaklava was only at about the rate of half a mile in 24 hours, and frequently the head of the flood remained stationary for half an hour whilst it poured into one of the many large fissures in the river bed. Two years ago it was noticed that the River Avoca, in Victoria, required a period of ten days to flow along one of its lower reaches about 27 miles in length, or only a speed of about two and three-quarter miles per day. This water, lost by our rivers on the plains, enters the ground and percolates vertically, and laterally to a greater or Tess distance, according to the permeability of the beds under- neath or the existence of old river channels, which, in some instances, allow of lateral percolation toa still greater distance from the river. This lateral percolation, and the gradual increase of depth from the surface of the line of saturation, may sometimes be traced with considerable distinctness ; as, for instance, on the plain of Adelaide, the River Torrens appears to percolate laterally under the city of Adelaide, and it was noticed a few years ago, after the Torrens dam was filled, the water supply in wells in Adelaide at or below the river level was much larger than before. The River Torrens also percolates through Fin- don as far as Woodville, about two miles, and, most probably, in one or more old river beds; but, on crossing the Port-road, about one mile farther we come into dry country, which seems to be outside the limit of percolation. In the hills it is most probable that the lateral percolations from the creeks and smaller watercourses in the numerous gullies almost intersect each other; and if this is so, the area of underground water below the lines of saturation will be almost continuous. In all cases, however, the hydrogeological features of each locality will require to be carefully examined and studied before explo- rations for underground waters are undertaken. In the alluvial deposits of our plains these subterranean waters generally saturate the permeable beds, and then collect and flow in the beds of sand and gravel overlying the clays or other impermeable beds. In the ranges they are found in small streams in the fissures of the quartzites and other harder rocks, and saturating the sandstones, and passing through the bedding and, I think, the cleavages of the shales and clay slates, and are met with by boring or sinking in the form of small feeders rushing out in spray form, or in considerable streams, according to the size of the fissures and the height of the source above the point of outlet. Assuming these deductions as to the great loss by percolation in the hills to be correct, we may conclude that the strata underneath our numerous and extensive mountain ranges below the lines of saturation form one almost continuous under- 89 ground reservoir of water, from which we could draw perma- nent and large supphes, and which could be brought out by gravitation at levels suitable for distribution over our plains where required. Such underground water supphes in many other countries have been turned to practical account. For instance, in Cali- fornia, where tunnelling has been carried out under some of the rivers; at Seville, in Spain, where the water supply is obtained by a tunnel into water-bearing strata, consisting of permeable calcareous rocks resting on impermeable clay. The springs rise and flow away through the tunnel to the city. Some parts of these tunnelling works are said to have been carried out by the ancient Romans. Explorations also were made by tunnels in the hills in the neighbourhood of Lisbon, resulting in obtaining a supply of about 120 million gallons per annum; also the city of Florence has obtained water by similar means. A tunnel has been driven into the valley of the River Arno, and the supply of water, which is of an extra pure quality for domestic purposes, is no less than 1,734 million gallons per annum, or about twice the capacity of the city of Adelaide waterworks, and the total cost of these Italian works was only £268,000, or not quite one-third the cost of the Ade- laide waterworks ! As, however, our conditions are different from those of the countries just named, it appeared to me necessary to examine the question ab initio, and entirely from the standpoint of our own climatic and geological conditions. In some of these coun- tries the rainfall is much larger than here, and in others, though the rainfall is no greater than our own, yet the rivers are fed by the melting of snow on the mountains. Notwithstanding these climatic differences, I have no reason to, doubt the con- clusion that our underground supply of water thus available in the hills is of such a great extent as to make the question of its utilization one of the most important questions for our own country, as well as the various other colonies of Australasia. In collecting data for my investigations I have been indebted to the kindness of the following gentlemen, which I beg to ac- knowledge with thanks, namely :—Messrs. Francis Clark and Sons, Adelaide, for particulars of bores at Kilkenny and Port Adelaide; Mr. Burnell, for borings at Hindmarsh; J. W. Jones, Esq., Conservator of Water, for borings at Bruce, and levels and depths of water near Adelaide; R. L. Mesteyer, Esq., F.M.S.E., Hydraulic Engineer, for river gaugings at Barossa and Beetaloo. The method of drawing supplies from these underground water storages in the hills, as I have already indicated, is usually by means of tunnels and branch galleries into the 90 hills. I would, however, recommend some improvements upon that of simple tunnelling; but as engineering details would be out of the province of this paper, I need not deal with this part of the subject at present except to point out that from the sec- tion across the Adelaide plain, already referred to, it is most probable that a convenient place in the Mount Lofty Range, near Adelaide, being selected at or about the level of Glen Osmond, a comparatively short tunnel into the hill would be required to reach the subterranean waters, and convey them to the surface by gravitation at a height of at least 300 feet above the city, or about 100 feet higher than the highest storage reservoir of the Adelaide Waterworks. There would be many great advantages in obtaining supphes. of water by this method; amongst others I may note the fol-. lowing, namely :—(1) An immense saving of cost as compared. with the construction of storage reservoirs on the surface. The water being already naturally stored, the expenditure is only required for tunnels and similar works, which may be regarded. as corresponding to those parts of the works for conveyance of the water in other schemes, namely, the works of distribution, and the cost of the usual storage reservoirs which would be in great part saved by this method. (2) This means of obtaining water may also be used with advantageas a supplementary source of supply in connection with storage reservoirs, which are liable to either give out in extra dry seasons or be run down to such a low level that the water at the bottom, containing an extra quantity of solid and organic matters in suspension and other-. wise ready to engender impurities, is lable to become injuri- ous to the public health when used for domestic purposes. (8) In the case of water supplies for our cities and towns, this method would avoid the danger of contamination of the water in the gathering ground likely to arise from the increase of cultivation, the use of manures, and the pasturing of cattle, as in most cases these underground waters are very pure on ac- count of having passed through the natural filtering beds of stone, gravel, or sand, and also not having been rendered salt by passing a long distance underground, as in the case of many of our waters obtained in wells and borings on the plains I will only further add that, in view of the very great im- portance to South Australia of obtaining additional supplies. of water for our cities and towns, as well as for irrigation pur- poses throughout the country, and at a moderate cost—espe- cially for irrigation—I hope these notes may lead to inquiry, which, I trust, may eventually result in steps being taken to: further utilise our underground water supplies in our numer- ous mountain ranges, which, in my opinion, are so extensive and valuable. 91 THE GASTROPODS OF THE OLDER TERTIARY OF AUSTRALIA. (Part I.) By Proressor Ratpu Tater, F.G.S., F.L.S., &e. [Read October 4, 1887.] Puates I—XITI. [Norre.—All measurements are in French millimetres. The direction of the ornament or sculpture is termed spiral, or encircling when it follows the spiral curvature of the shell; when coinciding with the lines of growth: ge as regards the whorls, or axial with respect to the length of the shell. | FAMILY MURICID. Gents TYpuHIs. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Varices spinous. Upper whorls angular; varix simple. 1 T. MeCoyit. Upper whorls squarely rounded ; varix double. | 2. T. acanthopterus. Varices foliar, adpressed, laciniated. Shell four times as long as wide; whorls almost dis- joined, posteriorly sloping inwards... 3. T. disjunetus. Shell stouter; whorls quadrate, posteriorly flat. 4., T. laciniatus. Varices angular; whorls subangulated. 5. T. tripterus. Varices absent; tubular projections compressed, adpressed to the spire. 6. T. evaricosus. 1. Typhis McCoyii, T. Woods. Typhis McCoyii, T. Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1875, -p. 22, t. 1., fig. 5. Typhis hebetatus, Hutton, Trans., N.Z. Inst., vol. ix., t. xvi., fig. 1, 1877. Shell ovately fusiform; whorls seven and a-half, the two and a-half embryonic whorls small, smooth, and rounded; the next one or two squarely rounded and medially keeled; the rest subangularly convex, the keel close to the anterior suture. Body whorl somewhat quadrately convex, with four spinous. varices which end posteriorly on the blunt posterior keel in a strong spine, anteriorly they are flatly expanded. There are five or six spines on each varix, which diminish in size towards 92 the canal; the spines on the varices of the second posterior whorl are sometimes connected by a faint spiral ridge. Be- tween each varix is a tubular spine. The posterior whorls, with alternating conical spines and tubular projections. Sur- face marked with striz of growth, otherwise smooth. Aperture ovate ; peristome continuous, thick, erect; canal closed, com- pressed, of moderate length, curved to the right; anterior varix decurrent on the outer face of the canal. The three other varices terminate in imbricating spines spirally arranged on the canal. Length, 38; breadth, 22. 7 Localities—Table Cape (Hobart Mus., R. WM. Johnston !); lower beds at Muddy Creek; River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. Also in the Pareora Series at Mount Harris, &e., N. Zealand (Wellington Mus. !). The identification of VY. hebetatus with the Australian T. McCoyit rests upon the comparison of authentic specimens. This fossil is somewhat related to 7. pungens of the European Eocene; but it hasa shorter spire, different shaped whorls, and more spines on the varices. 2. Typhis acanthopterus, spec. nov. Platei., fig. 2. Shell ovately fusiform; whorls seven and a half; the one and a half embryonic whorls, small, rounded, and smooth; the rest of the spire of gradated whorls, the posterior one-third of each whorl flattened or shghtly sloping; the ornament con- sists of a row of relatively large spines on the shoulder of the whorl and of two rows of smaller spines between the former and the anterior suture. The body whorl is squarely rounded, ornamented with four spinous varices, each of which is sub- ordinated anteriorly by a similar but smaller varix; there are about eight slender recurved spines on each varix; between each varix there is a stout, long, and tubular spine on the shoulder of the whorl. Aperture and canal as in Z. MeCoyiz. The surface is striated with growth-lines, and is obliquely ridged coincident with the variceal spines. Length, 23; breadth within the spines, 10; length of aper- ture and canal, 14. Locality.—In the blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Philip Bay. This species differs from Z. McCoyii by its sub-quadrate whorls, more spines on the varices, by the duplication of the varices, and by the oblique ridges between the varices. 3. Typhis disjunctus, spec. nov. Platei., fig. 14. Shell narrowly elongated; whorls four and a half, sloping inward at the suture, almost disjoined ; from the keel there 93 proceed four lamelliform varices with serrately dentate mar, gins, and on the last whorl are continued on to the canal- there terminating in spiniform squame; alternating with the varices of each whorl are four tubular spines, long and back- ward directed. The surface of the shell is ornamented with faint spiral ridges and transverse folds and striations. Canal very long, flattened, pointed and slightly recurved at the end ;. aperture circular or nearly so; peristome continuous. Length, 20; breadth, 5; length of aperture and canal, 12. Localities—Lower beds at Muddy Creek, Hamilton; and blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. 4. Typhis laciniatus, spec. nov. Platei., fig. 10. Shell elongately fusiform; whorls five and a half, the one and a half embryonic whorls small and rounded ; spire-whorls. gradated, narrow, and flattened posteriorly, crowned at the shoulder with one row of spines. Body-whorl sub-angulated in front of the suture, attenuated anteriorly ; ornamented with four lamelliform adpressed varices, their edges jagged but developed into a spiniform scale on the shoulder of the whorl ; a long, slender tubular spine alternates with the varices. Sur- face striated with growth-lines. Length, 11; breadth, 4°5; length of aperture and canal, 7. Locality—Lower beds at Muddy Creek, near Hamilton, Victoria. This species differs from 7. disjunctus by its smaller size, but greater proportionate breadth, and its more compact whorls. 5. Typhis tripterus, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 14. Shell fusiform ; whorls six, the two and a half apical ones smooth and rounded; the rest of the spire whorls medially subangulated, bearing a row of tubulations which are shghtly posterior to the keel and alternate with a row of short conical projections situated nearer to the anterior suture. Body whorl subquadrately convex posteriorly, attenuated in front; ornamented with three angular varices, which terminate at the posterior angulation of the whorl in an ill-defined tubercle, and with three tubulations, each of which is closer to the varix in front of it than to the one behind. Surface of the whorls finely. striated with growth-lines, and at the bases of the tubulations obliquely striated. Canal long, broad, nearly straight, not closed. Length, 9°5; breadth, 45; length of canal and aperture, 55. An incomplete specimen measures, length 13, breadth 6. Locality —Clayey green sands, Adelaide bore (two examples). 94: 6. Typhis evaricosus, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 6.* Shell acuminately ovate; whorls six and a half, of which the two and a half apical ones are rounded and smooth; the rest of the spire whorls are convex, flattened at the suture, bearing tubulations at the shoulder which are broad, com- pressed, and prolonged backward; the posterior margin of each whorls is undulate. Body whorl with four tubulations, which are broad at the base, compressed, slightly bent to the left, and adpressed to the spire ; the tubulations are continued on the anterior portion of the whorl as br oad, curved, medially depressed undulations. There are no varices between the tubulations. Aperture oval; peristome continuous; canal closed, com- pressed, broad, and abruptly tapering to a short hardly re- eurved point. Surface smooth and shining, marked with strie of growth and faint spiral lines, and faintly obliquely ridged on the tubulations. Length, 7 ; breadth, 3; length of aperture and canal 3. Locality. eee beds at Muddy Creek. T. evaricosus agrees with the recent species 7. duplicatus, Sow., and 7 arcwatus, Hinds., in having the tubulations bent back, and the varices obliterated by confluence therewith ; from the first, to which it is more allied, it differs by its smaller size and adpressed tubulations. Genus MUREX. SYNOPSIS OF SUBGENERA. Varices three, wing-like Pteronotus. Varices three, foliar Chicoreus. Varices more than three Canal long, nearly straight ; spire very short. Rhinocantha. Canal short. Varices spinose. Phyllonotus. Varices foliated or simple Ocinebra. SUBGENUS PTERONOTUS. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. I. Varices three on each whorl, continuous from whorl to whorl. * The figure, which was drawn from a worn specimen, though fairly repre- senting the shape and position of the tubulations, does not show the tubula- tions applied to the spire in the manner exhibited by subsequently acquired examples. 95 a. Last varix broadly expanded. A. No nodules between the varices. Distantly finely lirate; finely striated transversely. M. velificus. Strongly lirate, with arched discontinuous threads between. 73 MT. rhysus. B. One intervariceal nodule. Upper whorls inornate; shell ovate. 3. MM. calvus, Upper whorls lirate; shell narrower. 1. WL. velificus, var. 6. Last varix narrowly winged ; extended into a spine. Spine long; no nodules between the varices. | 4. M. manubriatus. Spine inconspicuous ; three intervariceal nodules. 5. ML. trinodosus. II. Varices three on body whorl, increasing posteriorly ; discontinuous; outer lip denticulate. Spiral threads, about 20, slender. 6. M. bifrons., Spiral threads, about 8, stout. r¢ M. didymus, 1. Murex velificus, spec. nov. Plate 1, fig. 8. Shell trigonal elongated, very thin. Whorls seven, of which the one and half apical whorls are small, smooth, and rounded. The rest of the shell is provided with three varices. Whorls flatly convex, ornamented with fine spiral ridges on the anterior half (four on the penultimate whorl) and transverse strie and threads. The varices are widely foliaceous, erect, axial, and regular; ornamented with radial ridges continued from the lire of the whorls, and arched transverse strie and threads ; the margin of the varices is entire or inconspicuously serrated. | Aperture small, oval; peristome continuous, thick- ened ; the outer lip crenulated on the margin. Canal long, nearly closed, shghtly oblique, tapering to a slender recurved oint. ; Some individuals from the River Murray cliffs possess an intervariceal tuberculation. Total length, 28; breadth,7; length of aperture and canal, 18. f Localities—Lower flats at Muddy Creek; blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Philip; River Murray cliffs. 2. Murex rhysus, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 7. Shell trigonal elongated, thin; whorls seven (apex wanting), somewhat convex; varices three, widely foliaceous, erect, slightly obliquely directed, somewhat faleately reflexed; margin entire. Surface -ornamented with stoutish, narrow, angular, 96 equidistant threads (15 on the penultimate whorl), the much wider intervening furrows, with subremote, curved, discon- nected raised lines, as in the recent I. triformis. Aperture oval; peristome continuous, its margin thin and plain; canal unknown. Length, excluding canal, 382; breadth, 14; height of aper- ture, 11. Locality — Blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Philip. This species is distinguished from I. velificus by its rounded whorls, equally ornamented with spiral threads, by its peculiar interstitial sculpture, and by the shape of its last varix. 3. Murex calvus, spec. nov. Platei., fig. 11. Shell ovately fusiform; whorls seven ; varices three, oblique, narrowly foliaceous, margin entire; one intervariceal small nodulation. Surface of anterior whorls with distant faint spiral threads, crossed by distant faint ridges and strie; upper whorls transversely striated. Canal open, curved to the left, apparently short; aperture large, ovately-oblong, inner lip dentate. Length (incomplete), 22; breadth, 9; height of aperture, 7. Localities—Clayey sands, Adelaide bore; and Turritella- clays, Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. This species resembles I. rubridentatus, Reeve, in shape and obliquity of varices, but it has only one intervariceal nodula- tion. In all the above characters it is related to IL. pinnatus, Wood, but the variceal wings are not interrupted as in that species. 4, Murex manubriatus, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 9. Shell elongately fusiform ; whorls seven, somewhat convex, subangulated medially, faintly and distantly spirally lirate, and closely striated, transversely faintly ridged ; spire rather obtuse, of one and a half smooth rounded whorls. Varices slightly oblique, narrowly foliated, each ending in a posterior slightly recurved long spine; margin of varix entire. Aperture ovate; peristome continuous, outer lip slightly thickened, edentulous. Canal closed, long, nearly straight, and slightly recurved. Length, 24; breadth, 8; length of apertures and canal, 16. Localities—Clayey sands, Adelaide bore; and Turritella- clays at Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. 5. Murex trinodosus, spec. nov. Platei., fig. 4. Shell trigonal elongated; whorls six or more, somewhat convex, with three stout intervariceal nodulations ; last whorl inconspicuously biangulated. Varices oblique, very narrowly winged, each ending posteriorly in a short spine. Aperture 97 large, ovate, peristome continuous, outer lip edentulous ; canal straight and short. ; Length, 20; breadth, 8°5 ; length of aperture and canal, 7. Locality Upper beds at Muddy Creek. Murex trinodosus is separable from the recent IL. Angasi, Crosse, by being breader across the posterior part of the body whorl, by the variceal spine not hooked, by the less angulated whorls, longer canal, and by having three stout intervariceal nodulations instead of two inconspicuous ones. 6. Murex bifrons, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 12. Shell ovately trigonal, stoutish; whorls six, convex, spirally equally ridged ; apex obtuse, of one and a half smooth whorls. Varices foliaceous, moderately broad, erect, oblique, and irregular; there are three on the body whorl, but six on each of the posterior whorls. Body whorl with about 20 equi- distant slender, spiral threads, transversely striated; margin of the anterior varix slightly crenulated between the lire. Aperture large, subquadrate; peristome entire; outer lip tuberculated on the thickened margin; canal short, open, curved. Length, 155; breadth, 6; length of aperture and canal, 9. Localities —Adelaide bore and “ Turritella clays’ at Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. 7. Murex didymus, spec. nov. Plate iv., fig. 13. This species is similar to the last, but has few (eight) and stouter spiral ridges on the body whorl, whorls flatly convex, the canal is proportionately longer, and the margin of the anterior varix is entire. Length, 175; breadth, 65; length of aperture and canal, TPS. Locality—Blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Phillip. SUBGENUS CHICOREUS. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. I. Shell ovate ; varices on anterior whorls crenately spinu- lose. 8. LM. lophessus. IJ. Shell fusiform ; varices spiniferous, regular. A. Posterior spine short and broad. Whorls rounded, penultimate whorl, equally lirate. 9. M. Dennanti. Whorls subquadrate, penultimate whorl with three strong lire. 10. MW. Adelaidensis. B. Posterior spine long. a Two intervariceal coste. 1l. IW. basicinctus. F 98 b No intervariceal nodulations Posterior spine very long and attenuated. 12. MM. tenuicornis. Posterior spine stout, somewhat upward dilated and truncated. 13. AL. amblyceras. III. Shell fusiform ; varices simple, irregular. Varices three on last whorl, increasing in number pos- teriorly ; apex small acute. 15. M. twrregularis. Varices three to each whorl; apex large obtuse; lamelle closer. 14. I. Hamiltonensis. 8. Murex lophcessus, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 5. Shell ovate, conical; whorls eight, including two small smooth rounded turbinated apical ones; the rest of the whorls ventricose, rounded, ornamented with compressed spiral ribs, and transverse lamelle of growth. Varices, three to each whorl, those on the anterior whorls more or less regular, narrow, thin, and pectinated; the varices of the posterior whorls are simply crenulated by the lire which pass over them. The spiral ribs, which are from six to eight in number on the penultimate whorl, are very narrow, the broad concave intervening furrows usually having a medial slender thread ; they are traversed by rather crowded lamelle of growth, which form inconspicuous scales on the lire. There are usually three or four intervariceal cost, which are never very promi- nent—not at all developed on the postetior five or six whorls. Last whorl with from 12-14 principal lire which are con- tinued on to the varices, there projecting as small serratures. Aperture oval; peristome continuous; inner lip faintly lirate within; outer lip stoutly lirate within, its margin serrated. Canal closed, depressed, short, sinistrally bent and slightly recurved. Length, 40; breadth within the varices, 23; height of aper- ture, 13°5; length of canal, 12. Localities—Blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Philip ; lower beds at Muddy Creek. 9. Murex Dennanti, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 7. Shell elongate-fusiform ; whorls eight, including two small, rounded, smooth apical ones; the rest of the spire whorls con- vex, slightly depressed at the posterior suture. Varices three, more or less regular compressed, each bearing at the angulation of the whorl a short, broad, erect spine. The fourth, fifth, and sixth whorls with tessellated ornament, more or less granulated 99 at the intersections, produced by the intercrossing of trans- verse and from four to six spiral threads—there is one spiral thread on the posterior slope. On the anterior whorls the spiral lire increase in number, and are of unequal dimensions, whilst the transverse threads become indistinct, or are reduced to strie. On the penultimate whorl there are ten unequal lire in front of the angulation, which pass over the varices, producing crenations on their margins; whilst on the posterior slope there are five very slender threads. Aperture ovate, peristome continuous; outer lip thin, smooth within; canal longer than the aperture, contorted and slightly reverted. Length, 30; breadth, 11; length of aperture and canal, 17. Locality.— Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 10. Murex Adelaidensis, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 4. Shell elongate-fusiform ; whorls nine, including two small, rounded, smooth, turbinated apical ones; the rest of the spire whorls subquadrate. Varices on the three anterior whorls more or less regular, three to each whorl, compressed foliar, each bearing at the posterior shoulder of the whorl a short, broad, erect spine. On the posterior whorls the varices are eight to each whorl, foliar and fimbriated, graduating posteriorly into vaulted scales. Whorls of the spire, excluding the apical ones, ornamented on the medial portion with three strong spiral lire, or two strong ones with one or two smaller intervening ones; the posterior slope with one, two, or three slender spiral threads ; and there are usually two next to the anterior suture. The whole surface finely striated in a spiral direction, and crossed by rather distant imbricating lamelle of growth. Last whorl quadrately-convex, with three or four spiral threads on the depressed area next the suture, the anterior portion with about 15 strong equidistant spiral lire alternating with slender ones, crossed by subdistant transverse threads less prominent thau the principal lire. Aperture ovately-oblong ; inner lip crenulated on the margin and lirate within ; canal not exceeding in length that of the aperture, open, and sinistrally curved. Length, 20; breadth, 9; length of canal and aperture, 11. Localities —Adelaide bore ; and “ Turritella clays,’ Aldinga. 11. Murex basicinctus, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 9. Shell elongate, fusiform, with a high gradated spire, termi- nating in asmall blunt mamillate apex. Whorls eight, includ- ing two smooth apical ones; the next two are rounded, but 100 flattened at the suture, with four, increasing to six, spiral threads, and about 12 cost to each whorl; the rest of the spire-whorls medially angulate, ornamented with minutely- sealy spiral lire, each whorl with three varices and two unin- terrupted, prominent, intervariceal cost. The varices are simple, regular, slightly oblique, each bearing medially a stout,. somewhat frondosely expanded spine. Last whorl with about 15 narrow lire on the posterior slope ;: there is a strong revolving rib in alignment with the posterior angle of the aperture bearing a short spine on each varix. Between the basal rib and the shoulder there are about 20 lire, and about an equal number anterior to it. The lire are crossed by moderately distant striz, which produce minute scale-like serratures at the junctions. Aperture oval; outer lip thin, crenulated on the margin. Canal longer than the aperture, nearly straight and closed. Length, 37; breadth, 15; length of aperture, 9; and of canal, 13. Locality.—“ Gastropod-bed’’ of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. This fossil has some resemblance to the recent JV. crocatus, Reeve. 12. Murex tenuicornis, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 6. Shell elongately fusiform, with a produced spire, terminating ina small obtuse apex consisting of one and a half smooth rounded whorls; the rest of the spire whorls are at first convex, but afterwards becoming increasingly angulated in the middle, each with three thin varices bearing a long slender spine. The ornament consists of one or two faint spiral threads on the an- terior half of the whorl, and very fine spiral striz and arched growth-lines, the intercrossing of which forms a fine close can- cellation. Last whorl angulated, ornamented on the anterior portion with five spiral ribs which terminate on the last varix as short spinous digitations; the variceal spine is long, slender, and slightly arched posteriorly. Aperture trapezoidal, much longer than wide; peristome continuous, thin, elevated; outer lip angulated at the keel, with three tubercles within anteriorly situated to the angula- tion; canal long, flat, closed, nearly straight. Length, 19; breadth, 7; length of canal and aperture, 12 ; length of last variceal spine, 9. Locality —Clayey green sands, Adelaide bore. The species makes some approach to the recent J. longicornis, Dunker. 101 13. Murex amblyceras, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 12. Shell elongate fusiform, with a high gradated spire, terminat- ing ina small blunt mamillate apex consisting of two smooth globose whorls of which the tip is shghtly turned down on one side and immersed. Whorls seven, excepting the apical ones, angulated, spirally lrate and transversely closely striated. Varices simple, obliquely continuous from whorl to whorl, each bearing a hollow, vaulted, reverted, blunt spine at the keel. Last whorl a little tumid, with a rounded base, much contracted and produced; ornamented with about eight unequal lire on the upper part and about 20 similar ones in front of the keel, the stouter ones ending in small digitations on the last varix. Aperture oval, with an elevated, thin, and continous peris- tome; margin of outer lip wrinkled; canal long, curved, nearly closed. Length, 25; breadth, 10; length of aperture and canal, 16. Localities —Lower beds at Muddy Creek; blue clays at Schnapper Point, Victoria. Has considerable resemblance to IZ. basicinetus, but has no intervariceal costations or basal rib. 14. Murex Hamiltonensis, spec. nov. Plate iii, fig. 6. Shell fusiform, somewhat thin, with a high spine of gradate whorls terminating in a blunt, rather large apex (1'5 mills. in diameter), consisting of two globose, faintly spirally striated whorls, the extremity of which is immersed. Whaorls six, those of the spire, excepting the nuclear ones, ventricose, sub- quadrate, excavated at the suture, ornamented with four prin- cipal rounded, slightly elevated, spiral threads (one of which occupies the flat posterior area) and by rather distant fim- briated lamine of growth and transverse striz. Last whorl somewhat tumid, narrowly flattened in front of the suture, and rather abruptly attenuated into the beak; ornamented with spiral lire and three varices. The spiral liree, of which two are on the posterior area and about ten on the rest of the whorl, are equidistant, sometimes with a slender interstitial thread, and raised into small arched scales as the transverse laminz pass over them. Varices of thin adpressed foliations, three to each whorl, very irregularly disposed and not continuous from whorl to whorl. Aperture oval-quadrate ; peristome continuous, thin, and slightly reflected on the columella; outer lip lirate within. Canal shorter than the aperture, moderately arched to the left, and reverted. Length, 20; breadth, 9; length of aperture and canal, 11. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. This Murex very closely resembles young examples of Rapana ’ aculeata. 102 15. Murex irregularis, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 3. Similar to MZ. Hamiltonensis, with eight whorls, apex con- siderably smaller, the whoris abruptly truncated medially, the transverse laminz closer together and inconspicuously raised into scales, the varices irregular, three on the last whorl, in- creasing to four or six on the next whorls. The fifth and sixth whorls bicarinate and multicostate. Length, 27; breadth, 11; length of aperture, 7; length of canal, 7; breadth of aperture, 5. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. SuBGENUS RHINOCANTHA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Spire whorls subquadrate, conspicuously lirate; varices compressed, elevated. 16. I. asteriscus. Spire whorls angular, faintly lirate; varices thick and de- pressed. 17. MW. pachystirus. 16. Murex asteriscus, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 10. Shell pyriform, with a low, somewhat trochiform spire, ter- minating ina small blunt mamillate apex of one and a half globose whorls. Whorls six and a half, the anterior ones sub- quadrate with a deeply impressed suture, graduating to flat- sided in the most posterior one. Penultimate whorl bicarin- ated, with a third angulated thread on the anterior slope, faintly ridged in a spiral and transverse direction. Last whorl tumid, flattened posteriorly and abruptly attenu- ated anteriorly ; ornamented with five spiral ribs in front of the shoulder, the interstitial spaces with spiral threads and transverse striz. Varices, six on each whorl, obliquely continuous from whorl to whorl, simple, narrow, elevated, crenately-nodulose coninci- dent with the lire. Aperture large, ovately-oblong; outer lip lirate within ; columella curved, thickened at its juuction with the canal which is shorter than the aperture, nearly straight. Length, 27; breadth, 19; length of aperture, 11; of canal, 9; breadth of aperture, 7. Locality ——Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 17. Murex pachystirus, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 11. Shell resembling JL. asteriscus with a higher and flatter spire. Whorls six and a half, angulated next to the anterior suture ; striated spirally, and each provided with six broad, depressed variciform plications, those of one whorl more or less alter- nating with those of the next, undulose between the varices. Last whorl ornamented with six equidistant spiral ribs, which 103 pass over the varices, and with about three slender threads in the shallow concave interspaces. Aperture large, trapezoidal; outer lip faintly lirate within ; canal nearly as long as the aperture, slightly curved. Length, D4: breadth, 15°5; length of aperture, 9; of canal, as breadth of aperture, fl Localities —“ Gastropod-bed,” River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan ; lower beds at Muddy Creek. SUBGENUS PHYLLONOTUS. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Whorls quadrate, posterior slope lirate. 18. M. Hyret. Whorls convexly angular, posterior slope without lire. 19. MW. sublevis. Whorls bicarinate on the anterior half. 20. MW. Legrandi. 18. Murex Eyrei, T.-Woods. Plate iv., fig. 8. M. Eyrei, Tenison-Woods., Proc. Roy. Soc., Tas., for 1876, 298: Shell fusiformly ovate, with a somewhat high scalar spire, terminating ina small obtuse apex consisting of two smooth whorls. Whorls seven, of which those of the spire, excepting the two apical ones, are quadrate, the slightly upward sloping, posterior area about equalling in breadth the anterior part; last whorl sharply angulated postmedially. Varices seven to a whorl, thinly lamellose, narrow, often obsolete on the posterior area, ‘which at the angle project into short hollow, slightly backward curved spines; on the posterior whorls they lose their lamellose character and become simple coste, and finally devoid of spines. The spiral ornament consists of slender equidistant threads, on the last whorl six occupy the posterior two-thirds next suture, those anterior to the angulation are stouter, nearly as wide as the intervening furrows. A rather broad space on either side of the angulation is devoid of lire, but is closely finely spirally striated. The transverse ornament consists of rather crowded lamelle, which are raised into depressed, roundly arched, vaulted scales on the lire. Aperture rhomboid-ovate, angulated at the keel, outer lip thin with a crenulated edge. Canal open, about as long as the aperture, sinistrally arched, and somewhat recurved. Length, 22; breadth, 10°5; length of aperture and canal, 14. Localities —Table Cape, Tasmania (#. I. Johnston !); lower beds at Muddy Creek, and blue clays at Schnapper Point, Vic- toria. 104 19. Murex sublevis, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 3. Shell elongate-fusiform, with a high scalar spire ; whorls seven and a half, convexly angular, equally sloping from the medial angulation to the sutures. Otherwise resembling M. Eyret, but also differing by the stouter varices, the absence of lire on the posterior slope of the whorls, fewer lire on the anterior part of the body whorl, which is attenuated less abruptly into the beak. Inner lip faintly tuberculated within. Length, 25; breadth, 12; length of aperture and canal, 14°5. Localities —Adelaide bore; and “ Turritella clays,’ Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. 20. Murex Legrandi, Johnston. Plate xi., fig. 8. MM. Legrandi, R. M. Johnston; Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1879, p. 32. Shell fusiformly turriculate, whorls six (apex wanting), those of the spire bicarinate. Last whorl moderately convex, some- what angulated in the posterior one-third, anterior to which are nine angulated spiral carine; the transverse ornament consists of thick distant threads forming slight granulations at points of intersection with the lire. There are five varices on the last whorl, nine on the next, and increasing in number posteriorly ; they are squamose, rather broad, irregularly dis- posed, and produced into short, vaulted, spiny scales on the posterior carination. Aperture oval, peristome entire; outer lip with six stout denticulations within, situated anterior to the angulation at the carination. Canal much shorter than the aperture, open, sinistrally curved. Length, 18; breadth, 8; length of aperture and canal, 9°5. Locality —Table Cape, Tasmania (f. I. Johnston '). Has considerable resemblance to JZ. cristatus, Brocchi, but has fewer varices and lire. SUBGENUS OCINEBRA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. I. Spire whorls flat, varices squamose. 21. MM. biconicus. II. Spire whorls convex. Varices much arched ; dense lamellose ornament. 22. MW. camplytropis. Varices slightly arched, spire longer ; squamose lire. 23. MM. asperulus. IIT. Spire whorls subquadrate. A. Embryonic whorls, trochiform, apex acute. 24. MW. trochispira. 105 B. Embryonic whorls rounded, apex obtuse. a. Varices very foliaceous, raised into spinulose squame. 25. MI. prionotus. b. Varices bluntly tuberculated at the shoulder. 26. M. minutus. e. Varices without tubercles or elevated squame. * Spiral threads on last whorl, thick, 10. 27. M. crassiliratus. ** Spiral threads on last whorl, thin, 20. Outer lip not dentate within. . 28. IM. alveolatus. Outer lip with three tubercles within. 29. ML. tridentatus. 21. Murex biconicus, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 3. Shell elongate, triangularly ovate, with a low flat spire ter- minating in a small mamillate apex of two whorls. Whorls seven. Varices six, on the last whorl; lamelliform stout, raised into short vaulted scales over the spiral lire, more con- spicuously so on the shoulder of the whorl, posterior to which they are suddenly bent forward, and become almost lost in de- pressed extended lamelle. The number of varices progressively increases posteriorly, at first appearing as nodulations at the anterior suture, and with the slightly increasing convexity of whorls acquiring the form of short cost, ending posteriorly at the carination in blunt tubercles. Last whorl convex, angu- lated in the posterior third by the suddenly enlarged varices, between which the periphery is deeply undulate. On the rather high sloping posterior area there are about eight unequal slender spiral lire ; the shoulder is ridged medially, and finely striated on the flanks; on the anterior part there are about 12 angular lire, alternating with an equal number of smaller ones. The furrows between the varices are obscurely trans- versely lamellated. The spire whorls are lirate and transversely lamellated. Aperture large, oval; inner lip reflected over the columella; outer lip faintly lirate within. Canal wide open, shorter than the aperture, nearly straight. Length, 345; breadth, 19; length of aperture, 15; width of aperture, 9 ; length of canal, 10. Locality.—In a well sinking, River Murray desert. 22. Murex camplytropis, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 2. Shell ovate, thick, with a moderately produced spire of some- what convex whorls, terminating in a relatively large mamilla- ted apex, consisting of one and a half smooth globose whorls. Spire whorls, excepting the apical whorls, varying from convex 106 to almost subquadrate, especially so in the examples from the River Murray cliffs; ornamented with about seven rounded, equidistant spiral lire, and transversely by much curved varices and imbricating lamelle of growth. Last whorl rather ventri- cose, ornamented with numerous spiral lire, eight foliar varices and imbricating frilled lamelle of growth. In some examples the lamelle are so dense as to conceal the spiral ornament. Aperture rotund to oval; outer lip lirate within; canal shorter than the aperture, sinistrally bent, and somewhat recurved. Length, 16; breadth, 9; length of aperture and canai, 11. Localities.—Schnapper Point ; lower beds at Muddy Creek ; River Murray cliffs near Morgan; Table Cape (Rk. WM. Johnston !) 23. Murex asperulus, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 1. Shell elongate ovate ; spire produced, terminating in a small mamillate apex of one and a half smooth whorls. Whorls six,. convex or slightly shouldered, spirally rate, and transversely varicose-plicate, and lamellose striated. There are about twelve thin, similar equidistant lire on the penultimate whorl, which are raised into rather distant squame ; varices eight to: a whorl. Aperture oval; canal about as long as the aperture, twisted, and recurved. Length, 195; breadth, 95; length of aperture and canal,. 105. Localities.—Schnapper Point; lower beds at Muddy Creek ;: Aldinga Cliffs. This species differs from JL. camplytropis by its elongated shape, longer canal, simpler and straighter varices, and by the squamulose threads. 24. Murex trochispira, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 13. Shell elongately ovate, with a rather high gradated spire: terminating in an acute trochiform apex consisting of four smooth, flat, narrow whorls; the next three spire whorls quad- rate and anteriorly bicarinate. Last whorl with a narrow sloping-upward area posterior to the angulation, anterior to: which are six high angulated spiral carine, alternating with slender threads in the flattish, broad furrows. The transverse ornament consists of rather distant lamelle,,. raised into scales on the lire and striew. The varices are five on the last whorl, increasing in number posteriorly ; they are lamellose, irregularly disposed, and produced into short, vaulted scales on the carine. Aperture oblong-oval, rather 107 abruptly contracted into a slightly curved, open canal, not so long as the aperture; peristome continuous; outer lip broadly crenulated on the margin. Length, 10; breadth, 45; length of aperture and canal, 6. Localities—Lower beds at Muddy Creek ; and River Murray Cliffs, Morgan. The trochiform apex imparts a very distinctive character to- this little Murex. 25. Murex prionotus, spec. nov. Platei., fig. 5. Shell ovate, with a moderate gradated spire, terminating in a small mamillate apex. Whorls seven, quadrate, those of the spire encircled with two strong erect ribs, which are crossed with fimbriated spirally finely striated lamella. There are usually two slender threads on the shoulder, one between the two strong ones in the middle of the whorl, and one or two at the anterior suture. Varices irregular, very foliaceous, raised. into spinulose squamz on the spiral ridges; there are six on the last whorl, but are about double in number on each of the succeeding whorls. Aperture ovate, outer lip smooth within ; canal much shorter than the length of the aperture, slightly recurved. Length, 18; breadth, 9; length of aperture, 9°5. Localities —Adelaide bore; and Turritella clays, Aldinga Bay. 26. Murex minutus, Johnston. Plate x., fig. 14. Murex minutus, R. M. Johnston, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1879, p. 32. Shell ovate-fusiform, with a moderately high gradated spire terminating in a mamillate apex of one and a half smooth rather high whorls. Whorls six, the anterior two and a half quadrately convex, the posterior ones becoming increasingly flatter. Last whorl sharply angled at the shoulder. Varices seven, elevated, stout, bluntly tuberculated at the shoulder; the posterior area has no lire, but there are six stout squarose spiral lire on the anterior portion. On the penultimate whorl there are eleven stout oblique rib-like varices, crossed by three thick equidistant lire, one on the angulation and one near to: the anterior suture. Aperture quadrately-oval, abruptly contracted into a sinis- trally arched, slightly recurved canal, about half the length of the aperture ; outer lip thickened, obscurely dentate within. Length, 85 ; breadth, 4:5; length of aperture and canal, 5. Locality.—Table Cape, Tasmania (R. I. Johnston !). 27. Murex crassiliratus, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 5. Shell similar to JL alveolatus, but the spiral lire are thick, of which there are ten on the last whorl; the varices are more- 108 elevated, four on the last whorl, obliquely continuous from whorl to whorl with an intermediate one on each of the fol- lowing whorls. Aperture oval, extending into a broad, open, nearly straight, slightly recurved canal, which is about as long as the aperture; margin of outer lip crenulated. Length, 10; breadth, 5; length of aperture and canal, 6. Locality—Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !) 28. Murex alveolatus, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 12. Shell fusiform, spire moderately high of gradated whorls, terminating in a small blunt mamillate apex consisting of one and a half smooth whorls. Whorls five and a half; those of the spire, excepting the apical ones, subquadrate, excavated at the suture. Varices squamose, narrow, except the last, which is moderately ex- panded, four on the last whorl, seven on the next two whorls. The ornament consists of equidistant lire. Tessellated by distant lamine, squamosely elevated at the intersections. On the last whorl there are two lire on the posterior slope, thence to the base six stouter ones, with intervening threads. Aperture oval, lirate within, terminating in a short, re- curved open canal. Length, 85; breadth, 4:5; length of aperture and canal, 5. Locality — Lower beds at Muddy Creek. This resembles a diminutive IZ. irregularis; but apart from the difference in the number of varices, the canal is short and the transverse ornament more regular and closer. From young examples of I. irregularis it differs by its narrow lanceolate outline, short canal, smaller apex, and by its cancellated orna- ment. 29. Murex tridentatus, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig, 2. Shell ovate of five and a half whorls, with a mamillate apex of one and a half small smooth whorls. Spire whorls ventricose, shouldered ; truncated on the periphery by two stout, almost contiguous lire. Last whorl convex, ornamented with rounded, depressed, spiral lire, of which there are about six on the posterior slope, four stouter ones on the angulation, and ten on the basal area; it has five varices, and is transversely striated with lamelle of growth. Varices squamosely laminar, obsoletely nodulous, five on the last whorl, and eight on the penultimate whorl. Aperture rotund; outer lip thickened, with three stout tubercles within ; canal very short, sinistrally curved. 109 Length, 10; breadth, 6; length of aperture, 3°5; of canal,. 2°5. Locality —Turriteila clays, Aldinga Bay. Genus TrRoPHON. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. I. Shell small, elongate fusiform. Nuclear whorls almost unrolled, tip erect. Whorls angulated, transversely lamellate. 1. TF. polyphyllus. Whorls angulated, plicate. 2. T. brevicaudatus.. Whorls ventricose, apical whorls gradated. 3. T’.. torquaéus.. ‘ Nuclear whorls mamillate. Whorls transversely lamellate. Whorls convex; apex turbinate. 4. T. ccosiphyllus.. Whorls gradated ; apex subcylindrical. 5. T. hypsellus.. Whorls transversely plicate. Aperture variced ; lire on penultimate whorl six, unequal. 6. TL. monotropis. No marginal varix ; lire 10, equal. 7. TP. mangelioides. IT. Shell stout, oblong, purpuroid. 8. T. anceps .. SPECIES EXCLUDED. T. succinctus, 7. Woods is transferred to Peristernia. 1. Trophon polyphyllus, T. Woods. Trophon polyphyllia, T. Woods. Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W..,. weleay.. pl. i, ne 1879. Shell elongate fusiform, almost turriculate, thin, with a pro-- duced spire terminating in an acute apex composed of two and a half smooth rounded whorls, the extremity of which is erect: Spire whorls three, excluding the nuclear ones, medially angular, and ornamented by numerous elevated lamelliform coste (15 to 20 on the anterior whorl) which are raised into vaulted scales on the angulation of the whorl. On the penul-. timate whorl there is usually a spiral thread midway between the keel and the anterior suture, and often one at the suture which imparts a quadrate outline to this whorl. The body whorl is roundly truncated in the middle, and is: encircled with three stout threads; the lamellose coste are continued on to the beak, the extremity of which is encircled with two threads. 110 Aperture roundly quadrangular; outer lip varicosely thickened and expanded, sometimes tuberculated within. Canal short, much curved to the left and reverted. Length, 5°5; breadth, 2°5; length of aperture and canal, 2. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 2. Trophon brevicaudatus, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 9. Shell elongate, fusiform, almost turriculate, stout, with a produced spire, terminating in a subacute apex of two and a half smooth rounded whorls. Whorls below the apex, four, angu- larly curved in behind the anterior suture, and ornamented by narrow, angular, distant, subnodulose cost, about 10 to a whorl ; and by two strong hre at the angulation and a thread at the anterior suture. Last whorl bluntly angled, faintly spirally lirate on the posterior slope; seven lire on the rest of the surface extending to the beak; varicosely dilated behind the aperture; base abruptly contracted into a short, broad, slightly oblique and reverted beak. Outer lip thin, six-den- ticulated within. Length, 6; breadth, 2°5; length of aperture and canal, 3. Locality.—Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 3. Trophon torquatus, spec. nov. Plate vi, fig. 2. Shell elongate, fusiform, with a produced spire, terminating in an apex of two and a half orthree smooth gradated, rapidly tapering whorls, the extremity of which is erect, ; a thin erect lamella encircles the carina of the apical whorls. Whorls, three or three and a half, excluding the nuclear whorls, ven- tricose and shouldered; the earliest whorl with three spiral lire on the anterior two-thirds, increasing to four on the penultimate, equidistant, of which the posterior one is not so stout as the rest. Last whorl ventricose, gradually attenuated in front, with about 10 encircling threads. On each whorl there are about 20 lamelliform cost, which produce square depressions by intercrossing with the liraz, where they are slightly squamosely elevated; on the body whorl, the coste are continued on to the beak. Aperture variced; canal as long as the aperture. Length, 8; breadth, 3 ; length of aperture and canal, 4. Localities.—Turritella clays, Aldinga; and Adelaide bore. 4, Trophon icosiphyllus, spec. nov. Pl. ii., fig. 3. Shell elongate fusiform, with a mamillate apex of one and a half whorls. Whorls four, excluding the embryonic ones, the two earlier whorls depressedly convex, costated ; the penulti- mate whorl convex ornamented with five spiral lire and about 20 lamelliform coste, which undulate as they pass over the lire and are sharply bent forward at the posterior suture. ~ 111 Last whorl convex, gradually attenuated to the beak, with about 12 equidistant and equal encircling lire, traversed by fimbriated lamelle. Aperture varicosely dilated; minutely tuberculated within the outer lip; canal shorter than the aperture. Length, 7; breadth, 3; length of aperture and canal, 3°75. Locality — Adelaide bore. Among living species this little fossil has considerable analogy with the European 7. Barvicensis much more than to any Australasian species. 5. Trophon hypsellus, spec. nov. PI. ii. fig. 1. Shell elongate-ovate with a high gradated spire terminating in an elongate apex consisting of four smooth tumid whorls, regularly but rapidly diminishing in size, with a minute papil- lary extremity ; whorls eight, those of the spire excluding the nuclear ones, convexly angular, bicarinate anteriorly. Last whorl ventricose with a narrow sloping area posteriorly, abruptly contracted into a short beak. The spiral ornament consists on the spire whorls of two lire; on the last whorl of one slender lira on the posterior slope, four stout lire on the median portion, and four on the base. The transverse ornament consists of about 16 lamelliform eoste to each whorl, which are raised into vaulted scales on the lire, interstitial spaces between the coste coincidently striated. The outer lip is varicosely thickened and expanded, and there is usually a second variceal development near to the columella margin and rarely a third on the penultimate whorl. Aperture rhomboid, entire; outer lip varicosely thickened, five-tuberculated within. Canal very short and stout, open much curved sinistraily and reverted. Length, 6; breadth, 3:5; length of canal and aperture, 3. Localities—Turritella clays, Aldinga Bay; and Adelaide bore (many examples). In this species an approach is made to the genus Zriton, through its two or three varices; but in its regular spire and general resemblance to the cohabitant species of Trophon, it may be better placed congenerically therewith. Its long sub- cylindrical apex is a striking specific mark of distinction, apart from the pecuharity of its variceal development. 6. Trophon monotropis, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 4. Shell rather thin, elongate conical, with a high spire ending in a blunt rounded apex of two smooth whorls. Whoris four exclusive of the apical ones, convex or obscurely subquadrate ; the last slightly tumid, with a rounded contracted base pro- duced into a narrow sinistrally bent canal. 112 The transverse ornament consists of about 12 sharply- rounded costz on each whorl and interstitial threads and striz. On the body whorl the costz are absent for some distance be- hind the aperture, and with the marginal varix are about seven in number. The spiral ornament consists of unequal threads, the more prominent of which rise into low blunt granulations in crossing the ribs; there are about five lire on the penultimate whorl, of which four are more prominent than the rest. There are no proper varices except the broadly dilated one which margins the aperture. Aperture oval, entire ; outer lip thin in front of varix, four or five dentate within ; inner lip thin, erect, smooth within. Canal narrow, bent a little to the left and slightly reverted, nearly as. long as the aperture, almost closed. Length, 9; breadth, 3°5; length of aperture and canal, 4°5. Locality —Clayey sands with green grains, Adelaide bore. (Sixteen examples.) This species may not be a Zrophon. The thin outer lip, not widely margined, removes it from Murez. 7. Trophon mangelioides, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 11. Shell thin, ovately fusiform, with a high spire ending in a blunt mamillary apex of two smooth whorls. Whorls four, exclusive of the apical ones, convex, but somewhat depressed round the upper part; the last somewhat tumid, with a rounded attenuated base, produced into a rather wide, long, twisted eanal. The transverse crnament consists of about 12 stout, rounded, oblique cost on each whorl ; and the spiral ornament of equal and equidistant thin, elevated ridges, which are slightly thickened on the transverse ribs; there are about ten on the penultimate whorl, and those on the anterior part of the body whorl are broken up into granules. Aperture elongate-oval; canal broad, twisted, and slightly reverted. Length, 7°5; breadth, 3°75; length of aperture and canal, 4:5. Locality. Gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. 8. Trophon anceps, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 6. Shell stout, oblong, biconical, with a high, subgradated spire. Whorls not less than five, posteriorly angulated and narrowly bicarinate in front; last whorl convex, with about 12 rounded cost, encircled with about six principal lire, which are cancel- lated with imbricating lamelle. Aperture oval; outer lip regularly arched, its margin thin and wavy ; canal short, some- what compressed. 113 Length (incomplete), 19; breadth, 11; length of aperture and canal, 12. Locality.‘ Oyster banks,” Aldinga Bay. This purpuroid fossil is placed under Trophon, because of its close resemblance to the living Purpura Flindersi, Ads. and Angas, which Tryon has removed to Trophon, of which it has the characteristic operculum. From Z. Flindersi it is distin- guished by its elongate shape and rounded body whorl. FAMILY PUP®URACEA. Genus Rapana. 1. Rapana aculeata, spec. nov. Plate ii., fig. 8. Shell pyriformly ovate, thick; whorls eight, spire mode- rately elevated, terminating in an obtuse apex consisting of two smooth globose whorls. Whorls angularly convex, anteriorly truncated and bicari- nated ; last whorl ventricose, roundly and narrowly truncated on the periphery, abruptly attenuated into a short broad beak. The transverse ornament consists of plications and closely- set appressed lamelle. The number of cost on the body whorl is seven, on the median portion of which they are high and narrow, but evanescent on the base of whorl, and ante- riorly they are ill-defined angular ridges. There are usually eight plications on each of the spire whorls (excluding the apical ones). The plications are raised into vaulted scales on _ the posterior angulation, and in young shells the scales are elongated, reverted, hollow spines. The spiral ornament consists on the spire whorls of slender threads much obscured by the transverse lamelle; but a few distant lire are conspicuous on the medial portion of the body whor]. Aperture ovate, peristome continuous; outer lip some- what flatly expanded anteriorly, lirately ridged within anterior to the carination of the whorl; inner lip erect, concave medially. Umbilical fissure margined by an elevated rounded keel. Immature shells of about 30 millimetres are exceedingly like Murex Eyrei, and are imperforate; they may be distin- guished by the larger pullus, the higher sloping posterior area of the whorls, and the few stouter lire on the anterior part of the body whorl. Length, 50; breadth, 34; length and breadth of aperture, 21 and 14; length of canal, 12. Localities—Blue clays at Schnapper Point and lower beds at Muddy Creek, Victoria. G 114 Genus PURPURA. 1, Purpura (Trochia) abjecta, spec. nov. Plate xii., fig. 8. Shell stout, with a short spire and large ventricose body whorl, which is ornamented with linear encircling furrows, either crowded or irregularly disposed, or with narrow flat sulci as wide or wider than the flat lire ; at the base the linear furrows are increasingly distant. There are also obsolete transverse plications and lamelle of growth. The aperture is large and oval, with a deep short oblique groove at the front; the outer lip is simple, but stoutly rate within; columella broadly and deeply patulous. Height of body whorl, 35; breadth, 26; height of aperture, 27. Locality.— Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant!). The material available for description is not only limited, but is' imperfect; though, nevertheless, indicating a species allied to P. textiliosa, differing from it especially by the fine revolving lire. The species is of interest as the sole repre- sentative of the genus in the older tertiary strata of Australia. GENUS VITULARIA. 1. Vitularia curtansata, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 4. Shell rather thin, biconical, ventricose, oval. Whorls five, rather convex, impressed at the suture. Last whorl ventricose, gradually attenuated anteriorly into a short blunt canal. Spire whorls ornamented with about six stout, rounded, scaly, spiral ribs, that next but one to the anterior suture a little stouter than the rest, and producing a slight angulation of the whorl]; the alternating furrows are deep, narrower than the ribs. The transverse ornament consists of about 10 incon- spicuous plications. Body whorl with about 20 unequal spiral ribs. Aperture pyriform, straight ; peristome thinly continuous ; inner lip patulous, slightly arched to the origin of the straight pillar, with a thin edge parting the aperture from the umbili- cal fissure ; outer lip smooth within, Canal very short, wide, and truncated. Length, 12 ; breadth, 8: length of aperture and canal, 7. Locality. —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. Genus RICINULA. 1. Ricinula subreticulata, spec. nov. Plate xii., fig. 7. Shell small, acutely ovate, biconical, rather thick. Whorls five, those of the spire nearly flat, slightly angular, and nodu- late over the anterior suture; last whorl nodosely carinated, and somewhat narrowly truncated in the middle. 115 The ornament consists of stout spiral threads, narrower than the flat intervening sulcations, and of transverse stout stricz, which form shallow pitted square interstices by the intercross- ing of the lire. The number of nodulations on the body whorl is six, increas- ing to eight on the penultimate. The spiral lire on the pos- terior slope of the body whorl are four or five in number, and about ten anteriorly. Aperture large, oval; outer lip externally simple and sub- angulated medially, internally with seven stout lire; canal very short, wide, and truncated. Length, 9:5; breadth, 6; length of aperture and canal, 5. Locality.—Upper beds at Muddy Creek. The living analogue of this species 1s Purpura reticulata, Quoy and Gaimard, inhabiting Southern Australia, from which it differs by the stronger spiral costulation, more open cancel- lation, stouter tubercles, by the greater breadth of the last whorl, which is somewhat abruptly contracted into the beak, and consequently by the more angulated aperture. In the living species the last whorl gradually tapers anteriorly, and the internal lire on the outer lip are not so strongly developed as in the fossil. SPECIES EXCLUDED. R. purpuroides, Johnston, is transferred to Pisania. FAMILY TRITONIDA. Genus RaneEL.a. 1. Ranella Prattii, T. Woods. Plate vi., fig. 6. Triton Pratti, T. Woods, Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., vol. iii., p. 223, t. 21, f. 15, 1878. Shell ovate, conical, very contracted at the base into a short, recurved, somewhat twisted snout. Apex obtuse, consisting of two and a half polished, rounded, rapidly-increasing whorls. Whorls six, exclusive of the embryonic whorls, compressed, ventricose, rounded, with a deep narrow undulated suture, of regular increase; but the last is disproportionately large, its base is rounded but contracted, and a little flattened towards the beak. Varices in two rows, one on each side, slightly im- bricating in each row, almost continuous and axial, convex, compressed, and elevated. Posterior whorls tessellated by transverse costule and spiral lire; on the anterior whorls the intervariceal transverse plications are gradually reduced in number, and finally to four. On the body whorl the spiral ridges are six in number, equal and equidistant, with five or more flat threads in the interspaces, cancellated by transverse. raised lines. 116 Aperture oval, rather small, perpendicular; peristome con- tinuous; outer lip, its nearly semicircular curve angulated by the projection of the six stouter lire; inner lip slightly but narrowly spreading, with two or three inconspicuous eallosities near its junction with the pillar. Length, 29; breadth within the varices, 20; length of aper- ture 9, of canal 7. Localities.—Lower beds at Muddy Creek; blue clays at Schnapper Point; and ‘“ Gastropod bed” of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. Triton Prattit was founded on immature specimens of what proves to be a Ranella, belonging to the subgenus Argobuccinum, characterised by an elevated spire, short beak, and the absence of a posterior canal; and I have thought it needful to des- cribe and figure an adult example. The species is related to R. bitubercularis, Lamarck, of the Indo-Pacific region, from which it differs by being multicostated and not bi- or tritu- berculated between the varices. GENuS TRITON. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. I. Body whorl with a sharp keel, crenately-serrated on the margin. Ovate; body whorl with an anterior row of serratures. Intervariceal serratures, 6; posterior slope cancellated. ii T. Abbottt. Intervariceal serratures, 6 ; posterior slope smooth. T. radialis. Ovate ; body whorl without a second row of serratures. Spire whorls flat or slightly imbricating at the suture ; lire smooth. 3. T. gibbus. Spire whorls with a narrow anterior slope; lire granu- lose. 4. T. cyphus. Elongate; body whorl with an anterior row of serratures, intervariceal serratures 6, blunt. 5. T. Woodsiz. Elongate; body whorl without a second row of serratures, intervariceal serratures 5, cuneate. 6. T. textilis. II. Body whorl subquadrate, nodulate on the keels; shell ovately fusiform. Three rows of tubercles; posterior rows with slender oblique coste. 7. TT. intercostalis. Two rows of tubercles; seven intervariceal tubercles on the posterior angulation. 8 T. annectans. Tubercles of the two rows confluent, four between the varices. =) T. armatus. LAF TII. Body whorl convex, without coste, nodulate on the periphery. Shell ovate, one row of nodulations, moderately ventri- cose; lire flat, granular. LO: T. ovoideus. Gibbous; lire elevated, undulous. 11. T. tumulosus. Shell ovately fusiform, three rows of nodulations on body whorl. 12. 2. tortirostres. Shell elongate-fusiform, feebly angled and nodulate at the periphery. 13. T. protensus. IV. Body whorl! convex, costated. Shell elongate-fusiform, six intervariceal costulations. 14. T. cribrosus. Shell elongate-ovate, five or six stout, high, intervariceal cost. 15. ZT. crassicostatus. Shell subturreted. Intervariceal costelle, 10; primary lire on last whorl, 6. 16. —F. oligostirus. Intervariceal costelle, 15; lire, 16. 17. TF. gemmulatus. Intervariceal coste, 10; primary lire, 4. 18. T. Quoyi. Intervariceal cost, 6; lire, 4. 19. F sexcostatus. SPECIES EXCLUDED. T. Prattiu, 7. Woods, is transferred to Ranella. T. Tasmanica, #. WZ. Johnston, is transferred to Hpidromus . l. Triton Abbotti, T. Woods. T. Abbotti, Tenison Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1874, #.1, £8, p. 24. Shell elongately-ovate; spire high, slightly distorted, ter- minating in a subcylindrical obtuse apex, consisting of four and a half polished, rounded, faintly lirate, and transversely striated whorls. Whorls five and a half, excluding the nuclear whorls, carinated and tuberculated on the keel; spirally lirate and transversely distantly striated; the lire obscurely flatly eranulated, unequal. Varices at about four-fifths of a whorl, tuberculated at the earination. Body whorl triangulated, the posterior carination with six large wedge-shaped intervariceal tubercles, the anterior angu- lation with about five small intervariceal tubercles, becoming smaller and finally obsolete towards the marginal varix. Aperture, ovate; outer lip denticulated within; inner lip thin, reflected over the columella, with small transverse corru- gations. Canal not quite so long as the aperture; very much reverted. 118 Length, 55; breadth, 80; length of aperture and canal, 29. Locality.—Table Cape (Hobart Museum! and R. I. Johnston!) 2. Triton radialis, spec. nov. Plate v. fig., 8. Shell acutely ovate, with a high, sloping, distorted spire terminating in an acute apex, consisting of two polished whorls, the anterior one slightly shouldered, or bicarinate, the posterior whorl ends in a blunt, short, erect, lateral point. Whorls five, excluding the nuclear whorls, flat, angulated over the anterior suture ; the carination broadly and deeply crenate- dentate. The surface ornamented with spiral threads, increas- ing from six on the posterior slope of the earlhest whorl to about 30 on that of the body whorl, but at the same time they gradually diminish in strength, until they are barely visible to the unaided eye. Base of the body whorl similarly sculp- tured, but with two strong lire, and three or four on the beak. Varices at about four-fifths of a whorl, deeply and broadly crenately-serrated at the carination. There are four or five large intervariceal serratures on the posterior carination, and three smaller ones on the anterior carina of the body whorl, becoming obsolete at half the length between the varices. Aperture ovate ; outer lip hrate within; inner lip thin, erect, lirate within, beak shorter than the aperture, abruptly bent to: ehe right, and reverted. Teneth, 40; breadth, 28; length of aperture and canal, 24. Locality —“ Gastropod-bed”’ of the River Murray cliffs, near Morgan. This Murray fossil might at the first glance be taken for T. Abbotti, but it has fewer and larger tubercles, which produce a greater distortion of the spire, whilst the posterior slope is much broader and very feebly lirate and not cancellate on the last whorl, which is moreover not at all or but feebly biangu- lated ; the shell is proportionately wider, the canal shorter, and the apex is very different. 3. Triton gibbus, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 9. Shell biconical, with a short distorted spire of flat whorls, imbricating and crenately-dentate at the suture. Last whorl bisected by a very high, sharp, crenately-dentate keel, with a precipitous anterior slope, and the base contracted into a broad, twisted, and reverted beak. Whorls five (excluding two smooth apical ones ending in a laterally-elevated, obliquely-truncated point), with a varix at about four-fifths of a whor], much depressed or almost concave for the anterior third of each intervariceal space. Intervari- ceal crenulations five, confined to the posterior two-thirds of 119 the space, whilst the anterior one-third is encircled with a series of small bifid granulations. The ornament consists of flexuous slender spiral threads, crossed by close fine striae. The encircling threads are alter- nately large and small, those on the base of the last whorl, and especially towards the marginal varix, are broken up into elongate granules. Aperture rhomboid; outer lip lirate den- tate within ; inner lip thinly spread over the columella, which shows a strong curved fold at its junction with the canal. Length, 35; breadth, 25; height of aperture, 14; length of eanal, 10. Localities —Blue clays at Schnapper Point; and lower beds at Muddy Creek. This remarkable gibbous species has the same general characters of 7. textilis, from which it differs in shape, more trochiform spire, shorter canal. 4, Triton cyphus, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 11. This is another gibbous species, differing from Z. gibbus by its subscalar spire-whorls and its stout, broad, crenately-granu- lated, spiral lire. On the base of the last whorl the principal lire are about eight in number, the posterior one of which is a little stronger than the rest, and have two, three, or four slender threads in the interspaces. There is no columella fold as in TZ. gibbus. Length, 39 ; breadth, 25; height of aperture, 16; length of canal, 8. Localities—Lower beds at Muddy Creek; blue clays at Schnapper Point. 5. Triton Woodsii, Tate. Plate v., fig. 4; Var. pl. v., fig. 6. T. Woodsii, Tate, Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., vol. IV., p. 15; t. 3, £. 1-2; 1879. Elongate fusiform, with a much produced conical spire; apex acute of two and a half whorls, the anterior one angular, the next rounded and very narrow, terminating in an acute curved lateral point. Whorls six, excluding the apical ones, sharply angulated medially, but rather flatly depressed behind each varix; keel with six bluntish tubercles between the varices. Varices rather broad, convex axially, without tuber- cles, ornamented as the rest of the surface, situated at about four-fifths of a whorl. Last whorl somewhat tumid, biangulated; the anterior keel with six rounded small tubercles, which become obsolete to- wards the marginal varix. Surface ornamented with numerous slender spiral threads, for the most part, equal and equidistant ; cancellated by close, 120 fine, raised lines. There are about 20 lire on the posterior slope of the last whorl, of which one median and one or two near the suture are stouter than the rest, and irregularly granulose ; the anterior part is similarly ornamented. Aperture quadrately oval; outer lp tuberculate within ; inner lip erect, with a tubercle at the point of the pillar, to which is opposed a stout tubercle on the outer lip; canal long, much recurved. Length, 37; breadth, 17; length of aperture 9, of canal 12. Locality—Lower beds at Muddy Creek. T. Woodsti was founded on an immature example, which does not so characteristically represent the species as the adult specimen which is here figured. Var.—The specimens from the River Murray Cliffs and Schnapper Point are much larger, and the lire usually more eranulated. Length 50, breadth 26, length of aperture 18. 6. Triton textilis, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 12. Elongate-fusiform, with a much produced conical spire; apex acute of three rounded lirate whorls, ending in an acute upward-curved point. Whorls six, excluding the embryonic ones, with a high ante- median serrate-dentate carination; but much depressed behind each varix, and with the sudden enlargement in front of it there is produced considerable distortion of the spire. Last whorl medially angulated, with an almost precipitous slope anteriorly. Surface ornamented with numerous (about 30 on the pos- terior slope of last whorl) flat, equal, spiral threads, with a little wider interspaces, cancellated by close, fine, raised lines. Varices rather broad, concave axially, rather acute, without tubercles, and ornamented as the rest of the surface, situated at about four-fifths of a whorl. The intervariceal nodulations vary from six to eight, decreasing in size anteriorly. Aperture oval; outer lip with a sharp, minutely-wrinkled margin, with an inconspicuous dentate, with ridge within, abruptly terminating at the canal; inner lip erect, with a few corrugations anteriorly, and a small tubercle at the point of the pillar. Canal long, much recurved. Length, 37; breadth, 20; length of aperture and canal, 22. Localities—Blue clays at Schnapper Point ; and lower beds at Muddy Creek. This species very much resembles 7. Woodsii, but is more distorted, the whorls more angularly elevated, by the absence of an anterior carination on the body whorl, and by the more numerous spiral lire. 121 7. Triton intercostalis, spec. nov. PI. ix., fig. 5. Shell elongate-ovate; whorls, five (apex unknown), the earlier ones, convex, with five principal granulose lire, finely reticulated in the furrows; the anterior ones bicarinated and tuberculated and reticulated all over. Last whorl roundly truncated medially, and abruptly attenuated into a stout, long, twisted beak; the whole surface closely reticulated by transverse raised lines and stronger spiral lire. The medial part is encircled with three equi- distant, tuberculated keels; the posterior one is the stoutest, and the anterior one, which is the weakest, is in an alignment with the posterior angle of the aperture. The tubercles of the two posterior ones are confluent, and are continued back- ward as a narrow arched costulation to the suture; the inter- costal space is occupied by two similar costulations, ending anteriorly ata strong subnodulated thread which bisects the posterior slope. The basal part of the last whorl has two equi-distant, strong, granular lire. Varices narrow, rather broadly expanded, crenulated on the margin, at three-fifths of a whorl. The inter-variceal nodula- tions are seven in number on the two posterior rows, and ten on the anterior row. Length, 43; breadth, 28; length of aperture, 17; of canal, 10. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !) This species is very distinct through its obliquely costated posterior slope and the unusually narrow intervariceal areas. 8. Triton annectans, spec. nov. Pl. v., fig. 3. Shell resembling 7. cyphus with the whorls medially sub- angular, spire less distorted and higher, last whorl subquad- rate, encircled with two rows of nodulations. The nodulations on the posterior angulation are large, seven on each inter- variceal space, but diminishing in size anteriorly; the eleven nodulations on the anterior angulation are small, though con- spicuous, equal sized and regular disposed. Posterior slope of last whorl with about twelve irregular encircling lire, the larger ones more or less granulose. Length, 38; breadth, 21; length of aperture, 145; of canal, oo. Locality.— Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 9. Triton armatus, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 3. Ovate-elongate ; whorls five and a half (apex not known), carinated and acutely nodulose, equally spirally lirate; lire thin, depressed, about ten on the posterior slope and five on the front of the penultimate whorl. Varices broad, high, and spinosely nodulate on the carination. 122 Last whorl ventricose, narrowly truncated and bicarinated at the periphery, with four intervariceal nodulations, those of the anterior row confluent with the corresponding ones behind, and continued backward as oblique, broad undulations, becom- ing evanescent before reaching the suture. Base witha strong encircling thread, equidistant with the two carinations. Aperture oval; outer lin smooth within, flatly and narrowly expanded, continuous with the smooth inner lip which is broadly reflected over the columella; aperture contracted in front by a columella fold, and a stout ridge opposed to it on the outer lip. Beak with a very broad depressed base, twisted and reverted. Length, 41; breadth, 24; length of aperture, 13; of canal, 12. Locality.—In a well sinking in the Murray Desert. This species is not much unlike 7. annectans, but differs by the shape and fewness of the intervariceal nodulations. 10. Triton ovoideus, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 4. Shell ovate, with a short, broad, conical spire ; apex obtuse ? Whorls four (incomplete), rounded, slightly angled at the anterior suture, and furnished at the angulation with six small rounded intervariceal nodulations ; encircled throughout with flattened beaded ridges, alternating with very narrow simple threads. Varices six, at about four-fifths of a whorl, rounded, convex axially, and ornamented as the rest of the surface. Columella arched, furnished with an obliquely axial, elon- gate callosity at the posterior angle, and with tooth-hke ridges at the front. Canal very short, much bent to the right, and slightly re- verted. Outer lip thickened, with seven strong denticulations. within, the anterior one much larger than the rest. Length, 23 (estimated, 245); breadth, 14; length of aper- ture and canal, 14. Locality —U pper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant!). A species exceedingly like 7. Bassi, Angas, but conspicuously distinct by its broader and fewer (about half the number) lire, and consequently by the fewer and stouter denticulations on the outer lip; moreover, the spire whorls are more angular, the nodulations smaller ; the aperture is oblique, and the canal more twisted. 11. Triton tumulosus, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 2. Shell ovately conical, with a moderately high distorted spire of subgradated whorls. Apex of two polished whorls; the anterior one is high, bicarinated, and transversely striated ; the posterior one, encircling a shallow concavity, at first sud- 123 denly narrowed, then somewhat depressedly dilated, and ending: in a blunt appressed point. Whorls five, excluding the embryonic ones, convex, rather tumid in front of and depressed behind each varix; ornamented with a median row of stout granulations, anterior to which are three very broad, rounded, nodately undulose encircling ridges, and two similar ones at the front, with a stout thread in each interspace ; the whole surface traversed by close-set striz. Last whorl ventricose, with numerous lire alternately stout and slender on the anterior portion, the primary hre with: distant, elongate, depressed granules. Varices at four-fifths of a whorl crenulated by the hre; intervariceal nodulations seven. Aperture ovate; outer lip lirate; inner lp corrugated, slightly angulated in front; canal of moderate length,* shorter than the aperture, oblique, and strongly reverted. Length, 42; breadth, 24; length of aperture, 15; of canal, 10. Localities —Lower beds, Muddy Creek; blue clays, Schnapper Point. T. tumulosus has 2 general resemblance to TZ. cyphus, but differs in shape of whorls and in the spiral ornament. Among living species it has some affinity with 7. subdistortus, from which it differs by its shorter spire, long canal, and the gross spiral sculpture. 12. Triton tortirostris, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 7- T. minimum, Tenison Woods, Proc. Roy. Soec., Tasm., for 1876, p. 107 (non Hutton). Shell ovate, with a high conical distorted spire; apex globose of four rounded whorls, ending in a very small de- pressed tip. The anterior whorl is obtusely angled above and medially, and is transversely striated. Whorls six, excluding the apical ones, rounded, obscurely angulated and tuberculated ; last whorl rather tumid, abruptly contracted at the base into a broad, short, dextrally bent and reverted beak. The last whorl in young specimens is narrowly truncated on the periphery. Surface ornamented with unequal, depressed, spiral lire, broken up into elongate granules and transverse strie ; there are from six to eight lire on the posterior slope of the spire whorls. Varices rather broad, convex axially, without tuber- cles, the lire which pass over them are granulated at the intercrossing by strong transverse threads; situated about four-fifths of a whorl. The periphery between the varices on the last whorl with a *The canal of the figured specimen is incomplete. 124 row of five trifid nodulations ; the anterior row, which is in an alignment with the posterior angulation of the aperture, is weaker and separated by a wider interspace than that which intervenes between the two equal and posterior ones; base with two inequidistant strong subnodulous lire. Aperture oval, oblique ; outer lip with a sharp erect margin, denticulate within; inner lip broadly reflected on the colum- ella, smooth, with an oblique anterior fold and bearing three denticles at the end. | Length, 49; breadth, 27:5; length of aperture, 17; of canal, di, Localities—Blue clays at Schnapper Point; in the lower beds at Muddy Creek ; and gastropod-bed of the River Murray- cliffs, near Morgan ; Table Cape (2. I. Johnston !) This species though partaking somewhat of the general form of ZT. Woodsii is readily separable by its rounded apex, trifid nodulations, in which latter character it approaches TZ. inter- costalis, but is otherwise very different. T. minimum, Tenison Woods, was established on a specimen of 11 mills. long. This I have had under observation, as also another example of 18 mills. in length. Both agree perfectly with the young of corresponding size of Z. tortirostris. As the specific name had already been employed by Hutton in 1873 for a dissimilar New Zealand fossil, I have imposed a new designation. | I cannot concur with the opinion of Prof. Hutton, Proe. Lin, Soc., N.S.W., p. 481, 1886, that this species, Murray- examples of which under the M.S. name of V7. pseudospenglert had been examined by him, is the same as Z. minimus, Hutton, of which I have before me authentic specimens. 13. Triton protensus, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 10. Shell turriculate-fusiform ; apex obtuse, of about two narrow smooth whorls, of which the posterior one at first overhangs the other, thence rapidly attenuated to a small ineurved de- pressed point. Whorls five, excluding embryonic ones; the earlier ones flatly convex; the last one and a half whorls feebly angulated medially, and there feebly nodulated. The ornament consists of flat narrow spiral threads, with wider interspaces, cancellated by moderate closed slender threads, producing on the earlier whorls minute granulations at the intersection. Varices at about four-fifths of the whorl, broad, elevated, ornamented as rest of the surface; the inter- variceal nodulations five in number. Outer lip feebly denticu- lated within; base of the columella with a few corrugations ; canal as long as aperture, reverted. Length, 29; breadth, 11; length of aperture and canal, 16. 125 Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. This species is more lanceolate than 7. Woodsii, with convex whorls; though having the same form of ornament, it has the anterior convexity of the last whorl uninterrupted, and the nuclear whorls are different. 14. Triton cribrosus, spec. nov. Plate v., fig. 5. Shell eiongate-fusiform, with a very high, gradually attenu- ated spire of eight gradated whorls, terminating in an apex of two an a half rounded whorls, with a very small mamillate tip, the anterior whorl globose and finely spirally lirate. Spire whorls, excepting nuclear ones, convex, narrowly trun- cated at the periphery by two stout flat ridges, and the pos- terior slope broader and less abrupt than the anterior slope; a moderately strong post-medial ridge encircles the posterior slope, and there is a similar one at the anterior suture. The concave interspaces are encircled each with two or ‘three similar but smaller threads. The whole surface crossed by thin, six or seven, intervariceal costulations which are knotted at the junctions with the lire, and distantly transversely striated. Varices at about four-fifths of a whorl, compressed, rather high, with four broad crenate-serratures. Last whorl quadrateiy convex, somewhat rapidly attenuated into a long, slightly curved and reverted beak; feebly costu- lated on the base. Outer lip suleated within ; inner lip thinly and narrowly adpressed over the columella; columella slightly arched, with an oblique ridge terminating at the point of the pillar. Canal as long as the aperture, rather narrow, slightly bent to the right, and reverted. Length, 34; breadth, 15 ; length of aperture and canal, 18°5. Locality.—Clayey green-sands, Adelaide bore. 15. Triton crassicostatus, spec. nov. PI. xi., fig. 4. Shell elongate-vvate, with a moderately high regular spire of eight gradated whorls, ending in a mamillate apex of about four rounded smooth whorls, with the tip very small and slightly exsert. Spire whorls (excepting nuclear ones) of regular rapid in- crease, slightly concave at the shoulder, angulated at the keel, with avery slight contraction towards the anterior suture. Ornamented with about ten equidistant flatly rounded lire ; the intervening much broader furrows closely and_ sharply transversely striated. The transverse ornament consists of six intervariceal cost, which are raised into blunt serratures on the keel; the varices are compressed, elevated, crenulated on the margin, situated at two-thirds of a whorl. 126 Last whorl convexly quadrate, very much contracted at the ‘base; with five intervariceal costwx, thick and high at the periphery, evanescent on the base; base with two prominent equidistant lire, and intervening threads. The lire on the last whorl are more or less granulated, especially towards the marginal varix and base. Aperture sub-rotund; peristome continuous; the almost semicircular sharp outer lip slightly interrupted by the pro- jection of the four principal lire, obscurely denticulated ; inner lip erect, with a sharply twisted columella plait at the base. Canal incomplete, apparently sharply bent and re- verted. Length, excluding canal, 24; breadth, 15°5; length of aper- ture, 9. Locality —Table Cape, Tasmania (&. IL. Johnston !) This species has some resemblance to the young of 7. Speng- leri, but the whorls are more angulated, and the transverse ornament is different. 16. Triton oligostirus, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 7. Shell elongate-oval; apex mamillate of two and a half small rounded whorls, the tip depressed. Whorls eight, convex, with six principal encircling lire, feebly costated transversely (ten between the varices); the intercostal spaces are latticed by the intercrossing of spiral threads and stout, distant, elevated strie ; the coste are feebly granulose, but more conspicuously on the two median and on the posterior of the principal lire. Last whorl ventricose, with a rounded base; spirally lrate, and tessellated all over. The cost are slender, arched, and do not extend on the base, feebly nodulo-granulate ; base with two or three principal lire, which are broken up into elongate, flat sranules. Outer lip toothed ; columella denticulated at the front. Length, 17°5 . breadth, =. Localities —Adelaide bore ; and Turritella-ciays, Aldinga Bay. This is another species of the Quoyi-group, from which it is distinguished by the numerous spiral lire, slender cost, and tessellated ornament. 17. Triton gemmulatus, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 8. Shell turriculate, with a distorted spire of seven convex whorls, ending in a large blunt apex of two and a half smooth whorls, with a tip very small and rather depressed. Spire whorls (excepting the apical ones) irregularly convex, being ventricose in front of, and nearly flat behind, each varix; orna- mented with about 16 unequal lire, of which there are two 124 prominent ones on the periphery, crossed by about 15 faint intervariceal costulations which bear bead-like granulations at the intersections ; the intercostal spaces distantly transversely striated. Varices eight, at intervals of about four-fifths of a whorl, © stout, broad, crossed by the lire, and axially striated. Last whorl convex, with a rounded base contracted into a short twisted beak ; ornamented same as that of the spire, ex- cept that the transverse striations cut up the surface of the lire into small granulations. Aperture subrotund, entire; outer lip with an acute crenu- lated margin, lirate within; inner lip reflected, smooth, with an oblique fold at the front. Length, 13; breadth, 6; length of aperture, 4; of canal, 2. Locality. Lower beds at Muddy Creek. This fossil belongs to a group typified by the recent 7. Quoyi, Reeve, but it is more slender, has a larger apex, finer ornament, longer canal, and a smooth inner lip. 18. Triton Quoyi, Reeve. T. Quoyi, Reeve ; monograph of Triton This species, so common on the southern shores of Australia, is known to me as a fossil by several specimens from the upper beds of the Muddy Creek section 19. Triton sexcostatus, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 9. Turriculate ; whorls nine, ending in a small obtuse apex of two rounded whorls ; spire whorls convex, the earlier ones sub- quadrate, ornamented with four spiral ribs, acutely nodulated by the intercrossing of transverse costx, of which there are six between the varices. Outer lip prominently toothed ; columella with three rounded tubercles. Length, 21; breadth, 9°5, Locality.—Oyster banks at Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. This fossil closely resembles 7. Quoyi, from which it is eon- spicuously different by its larger, fewer, and more distant intervariceal cost, which number in the recent species from 10 to 11, whilst there are invariably six on the fossil. GENUS EPIDROMUS. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Whorls equally attenuated in front and behind. Surface granulated all over by the intersections of equal and equidistant re (12) and coste. 1. EL. tenuicostatus. 128 Lire 14, rather unequal, closer together than the costz ;. nodular-granulose on the larger hre. 2. LH. nodulatus. Lire SIX ; coste wide apart; granulose; apex hemi- spherie. 3. H. Tasmanicus. Coste simple, interstices spirally striated. 4. H. citharellus. Surface canecellated, but not granulated. 5. . leptoskeles. Whorls shouldered, especially the earlier ones. Intercostal spaces rugosely striated ; apex large, hemi- spheric. 6. LE. texturatus. Intercostal spaces microscopically striated; apex sub- cylindrical. We EE. turritus. 1. Epidromus tenuicostatus, T.-Woods. Plate vi., fig. 12. Pisania tenuicostata, Tenison- Woods, Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., vol. iii., p. 224, t. 20, £. 6, 1878. Shell elongate-fusiform; whorls eight, convex; nuclear whorls two, smooth, shining, ending in avery small suberect papillary tip; the third or fourth whorls shining, ornamented with slightly flexuous crowded transverse ribs; the rest of the whorls cancellated by equal and equidistant transverse and spiral ribs, stoutly granulose at the intersections. About 40 transverse ribs on the last whorl, and about 12 spiral ribs on the penultimate whorl. Varices eight, somewhat irregularly disposed, broad, crenu- lated on the margin. Aperture narrowly oblong; canal very short, slightly twisted and reverted ; outer lip dentate lirate within ; inner lip re- flected on the columella, smooth. Length, 15; breadth, 5; length of aperture and canal, 65. Localities —Lower beds at Muddy Creek; gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. The examples from the latter locality offer such differences from the type as to suggest a distinct species; in them the third whorl from the summit is prominently ventricose, produc- ing a turbinate apex, and the transverse ribs on it are stout and wide apart. 2. Epidromus nodulatus, spec..nov. Plate vi., fig. 11. Shell turriculate; whorls seven and a half, moderately con- vex; nuclear whorls one and a half, globose, smooth, with the tip immersed. Ornamented with somewhat unequal revolving lire (14 on the penultimate whorl) and narrow, rounded, curved, transverse riblets (about 22 on the penultimate whorl); the riblets are narrower than the interspaces, which are trans- versely striated, and are slightly nodulate at the intersections 129 with the lire. Varices nine, compressed, elevated, transversely striated, and crenulated by the lire which pass over them. Aperture narrowly oblong ; outer lip lirate within, lire con- tin ued to the margin, which is crenulate; inner lip widely ex- anded and subrefiected. Length, 19; breadth, 7; length of aperture and canal, 8. Locality. — Clayey green-sands, Adelaide bore. Three examples. 3. Epidromus Tasmanicus, Johnston. Plate xi., fig. 11. Triton Tasmanicus, R. M. Johnston, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1879, p. 38. “Shell narrow, turreted, with elevated spire, and round blunt apex ; whorls eight, cancellated and ornamented with about 24 fine riblets and two broad round distant varices on each whorl, which become slightly granulose at points where intersected by the more faintly raised regular carine, six of the latter visible on the upper whorls ; interspaces, varices, carine, and riblets finely transversely striate throughout ; aperture entire, ending in a short canal; outer denticulate interiorly. Long. about 22 mil., lat.8. Table Cape.’—R. M Johnston. This species is only known by the unique specimen and now, unfortunately, much reduced in size by fracture, which I have figured. However, from what is left of it, and from the des- cription drawn up before mutilation, it is clear that it is an Epidromus and specifically distinct from its congeners in the Australian Tertiary beds. The large hemispheric apex with its depressed tip is comparable only with that of ZH. texturatus, whilst its rounded whorls and simpler ornament distinguish it. 4. Epidromus citharellus, spec. nov. Plate iv., fig. 6. Shell turriculate; whorls six (apex unknown), nearly flat, ornamented with thin, elevated, slightly curved, transverse coste (16 on the last whorl), the much wider concave inter- spaces distantly spirally striated; varices eight, irregularly disposed ; outer lip rate within. Length, 18; breadth, 5°5 ; length of aperture and canal, 7°5. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek(J. Dennant !) 5. Epidromus leptoskeles, spc. nov. Plate iv., fig. 10. Shell with a narrow lanceolate outline of eight whorls; surface ornamented with slightly curved numerous transverse flat ribs. The wider interspaces are divided into oblong de- pression by regular, thick spiral lines. In other respects the species is hike H. tenuicostatus. Length, 14; breadth, 14. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !) H 130 6. Epidromus texturatus, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 10. Shell ovately-turreted ; whorls nine and a half of regular increase, terminating in a large hemispheric apex of two and a half rapidly decreasing whorls, the tip hardly depressed. The first whorl is smooth, the next is ornamented with flexuous radial ribs; the rest of the whorls rounded, but flattened behind, ornamented with revolving threads and curved costula- tions, spinosely granulated at the intersections ; the intercostal spaces closely rugosely striated in the axial direction, and spirally by rounded threads with linear interstices. There are six lire on the penultimate whorl, none on the posterior slope, which diminish in strength towards the anterior suture; and 40 to 50 costulations on the penultimate whorl, reduced to 30 on the body whorl. Varices nine, broad, somewhat depressed. Outer lip shortly hrate within ; inner hp narrow, smooth. Length, 37; breadth, 14; length of aperture and canal, 17. Localities—Blue clays, Schnapper Point; lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant'). The specimen from the latter locality has thicker spiral ribs and larger tubercles, especially those of the posterior rib, which imparts a more quadrate outline; the costulations on the last whorl are fewer. 7. Epidromus turritus, spec. nov. Plate iv., fig. 4. Shell turriculate, whorls eight, terminating in a blunt apex of two smooth subcylindrical whorls much smaller than the regular whorls; the third and fourth whorls bicarinate, the rest of the spire whorls angulated and shouldered, and much contracted towards the anterior suture ; body whorl regularly and moderately convex, proportionately narrower than penul- timate whorl, gradually attenuated into a broad, short, reverted beak. Ornamented with narrow, flat, spiral threads (five on the posterior slope of the penultimate whorl, 18 on the anterior portion, two of which, one on the keel, and one nearly medial, are stouter than the rest), crossed by costule (about 30 on the penultimate whorl), which are spinulose-granulated at the intersections; intercostal spaces closely, finely, tranversely striated. Varices three, confined to the anterior whorls, inconspicuous, having the form of lamellate imbrications. Outer lip with numerous, short, slender ridges within; 1mner lip narrowly reflected, smooth. Length, 275 ; breadth, 9; length of aperture and canal, 13. Localities —Lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant! and J. B. Wilson!); blue clays at Schnapper Point (&. 7). Was crt: 131 FAMILY FUSIDZ. Genus Fusvus. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. J. Periphery carinated,* bearing hollow spines or foliations. Keel with foliar extensions. ie F. foliaceus. Keel with spinous extensions. (a). No spines in front of keel. Posterior slope of whorl lirate. Basal lire spinous ; posterior slope concave. 2. . acanthostephes. Basal lire without spines ; posterior slope convex. 3. Ff. eraspedotus. Posterior slope without lire. Basal lire without spines. 4, EF. spiniferus. (6). Two rows of spines in front of keel. One row of spines behind keel. 5. EF. cochleatus. Two rows of spines behind keel. 6. Ff, senticosus.* The species of this yroup are obviously congeneric with 2, pagoda, Lesson, which Professor v. Martens has recently at- tached to a new sub-genus of Pleurotoma, named Columbarium, on account of peculiarities of the radula; but on conchological grounds it will be convenient to include them under Fusus. II. Periphery (of last whorl at least) angulated or shouldered ; whorls ribbed or tuberculated. Whorls tabulated, crenate-dentate on the keel. . te F. dictyotis. Whorls equally sloping from the angulation. Lire on penultimate whorl. Ten, stout, equal. 8. FF. Johnstoni. Twenty, slender, unequal. 9. Ff. simulans. Seven, slender, subequal. 10. Ff, sculptilis. Whorls angulated over anterior suture. Periphery with keel-like ridges. 7. £. dictyotis, var. Periphery with blunt nodulations. ll. Ff. incompositus. Periphery with cuneiform, acute, tubercles. * In most examples of F. senticosus, the whorls are quadrately rounded and only feebly carinated. 182 Apex large hemispheric; spire sub-cylindric. 12. Ff. tholoides. Apex smaller; spire conic, ventricose. 13. F#. Aldingensis. III. Periphery neither angulated nor shouldered. Shell lanceolate-fusiform. Whorls flat, spirally rate; no coste. 14. Ff. aciformis. Whorls flat, costated, spirally sulcated. 15. F. hexagonalis. Whorls rounded, costated, with distant slender lire. 10. F.. sculptilis. Shell elongate-fusiform. Whorls rounded or flatly convex and subimbricat- ing, without cost; apex bulbous. 16. FP’. bulbodes. Whorls rounded, posterior whorls plicate. Lire slender and granular; canal long and slender. 17. F. Meredithe. Lire prominent angular, whorls very convex, spire attenuated. 18. F. Gippslandicus. Lire thick, few; canal short and stout. 9: F. dumetosus. Whorls squarely rounded, covered with rows of tubular spines. 6. F. senticosus. Shell ovately fusiform. Whorls rounded, posterior whorls plicate. 20. FP. Tateanus. SPECIES EXCLUDED. F. funiculatus, T. Woods, is transferred to Columbella. FF. Ino., T. Woods, is transferred to Dennantia. F. Roblini, T. Woods, is transferred to Stphonalia. F. styliformis, T. Woods, is transferred to Szpho. F. transenna, T. Woods, is transferred to Peristernia. F. vitreoides, R. M. Johnston, in Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1879, p. 32, from Table Cape, is uniquely represented by a rolled imperfect shell offering no distinctive characters, and had better be expunged ; the generic position is very doubtful. 1. Fusus foliaceus, spec. nov. Plate vii., fig. 10. Shell rather thin, with a high gradated spire ending ina small blunt mamillate apex of one and a half smocth whorls. W horls eight and a half, the third whorl angulated in the middle and plicate; the rest of the whorls excessively angulated, the keel extended into a compressed upturned flange. The flange con- sists of two lamine, separated and supported by vertical trans- verse plates. The posterior slope of the whorls within the 133 flange is flat or slightly convex, ornamented with close fine sinuous growth-lines and by inconspicuous spiral threads; the coronal flange is obliquely wrinkle-ridged on both sides, raised into depressed scales on the outer side, particularly on the an- terior whorls. Last whorl contracted very much from the middle of the base, which is defined by a strong thread coinci- dent with the posterior angle of the aperture, and prolonged into a very long and very narrow slightly flexuous beak ; base lirate (about ten), with alternating slender threads crossed by close imbricating lamelle of growth; the beak is ornamented with oblique raised threads alternately large and small, wrinkled across by scaly lamelle. Aperture angularly rounded ; outer lip thin, running out into a narrow canal at the keel, in front of which the margin is serrated, and lrate within ; inner lip continuous, with outer lip at the top, somewhat thickened to the pillar beyond which it is continued as a sharp thin lamina. Dimensions of a moderate-sized specimen:—Length, 44; breadth in front of flange, 11; length of aperture, 8; of canal, 25. Dimensions of figured specimen, of which the canal is in- complete:—Length, 44; breadth, 16; aperture height, 11'5; breadth, 9; length of canal, 19. Localities —Lower beds at Muddy Creek and blue clays at Schnapper Point. This beautiful fossil is so much like the Challenger species, F. pagodoides, Watson, taken at a depth of 410 fathoms off Sydney, that it might easily be mistaken for it. The very ample description and figure of that species, however, permit to point out differential and distinctive characters: the fossil has a much smaller apex, is densely lirate on the anterior and base of body whorl, the beak is not prickly, and the coronal fringe is largely developed on all the whorls except the three apical ones. 2. Fusus acanthostephes, spec. nov. Plate vii., fig. 7. Shell fusiform, rather thin, with a turreted spire ending in a small spheroidal apex, the next whorl very narrow and angulated ; the rest of the whorls (six) excessively angulated and coronated at the keel with large erect or radially extended, compressed, hollow spikes. Last and penultimate whorls with three rounded serrated ridges on the posterior slope, reduced to one on the middle whorls and entirely absent on the earlier ones. Base of last whorl very contracted and precipitous, ornamented with four or five angular keels, the third from the coronal fringe serrated, the others carrying short, crowded recurved prickles. Beak encircled with prickly ridges. Mar- gin of outer lip serrate-dentate, grooved within. 134 Length, 55; breadth, 20; aperture, height, 9°5; breadth, 7°5 ; length of canal, 30. Localities —Blue clays at Schnapper Point, and lower beds at Muddy Creek. Another remarkable species of the same type as Ff. foliaceus, but the coronal fringe is cut up into spines, as in the recent F. pagoda, Lesson, from which it differs by its shorter spire and narrower whorls, serrated lirze on the posterior slope of the whorls, and in the shape of the last whorl, which is prickly spirally ridged on the base. 3. Fusus craspedotus, spec. nov. Plate vii., fig. 4. Shell thin, fusiform, with a high spire, ending in a small mamillate apex of two smooth whorls; whorls eight and a half in all, excepting apical ones, very angular, and compressed into a narrow keel, crenate-dentate onthe margin. Last whorl with the posterior slope convex, depressed behind the keel, .and much more so at the suture; the rounded and contracted base is produced into a long, rather broad, somewhat flexuous beak ;. ornamented on the posterior slope with numerous inconspicuous spiral threads, and towards the middle by two or three promin- ent ones, crossed by growth lines which are raised into minute scales on the larger lire; bases of serrations with rounded ridges conformable with their curvature. Base of body whorl encircled by a slender keel, which is coincident with the pos- terior angie of the aperture; the whole surface roughly cancel- lated by numerous unequal spiral threads and lamelle of growth ; beak encircled with spiral threads and two or three ridges carrying vaulted scales. Aperture angularly rounded; outer lip thin, its margin crenulated, suleated within, running back in a short canal at the keel, and somewhat insinuated behind the keel. Length (canal incomplete), 47 ; breadth, 20; aperture, height 15, breadth 8; length of canal (incomplete), 14. Localities.—Blue clays at Schnapper Point; and lower beds at Muddy Creek; Table Cape (2. IZ. Johnston ’). This belongs to the same group as F foliaceus, and, like all cohabitant species, the interior is grooved coincident with the keel; its shape and ornament distinguish it. 4. Fusus spiniferus, spec. nov. Plate vii., fig. 1. Shell somewhat thin, of seven whorls, similar to F. acan- thostephes, with a shorter spire; the summit is a little variable in shape, but is never spherical ; the posterior slope of the whorls without any spiral ornament; the base of the last whorl with a crenated slender keel coincident with the posterior angle of the aperture, and usually with a similar one in front of; but 135 contiguous to it; anterior to which is a spiral thread or two. Outer lip dentate on the margin corresponding with the basal lire. Length, 32; breadth, 11; height of aperture, 8; length of canal, 18. Locality.—“ Gastropod-bed” of the River Murray Cliffs near Morgan. 5. Fusus cochleatus, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 9. Shell elongately fusiform, whorls nine and a half, apex ob- tuse of one and a half rounded whorls; the rest of the whorls bisected by a thin, compressed, elevated keel, extended into flat, vaulted, pointed scales; the first three spire whorls orna- mented only with close sinuous growth lines, the others with a strong ridge on the posterior slope contiguous to the keel, and two similar, equi-distant ones in front, all provided with scales like those on the keel, though smaller. Canal encircled with rows of vaulted scales. Length, 34; breadth, 12; length of canal and aperture, 18. Locality—Turritella clays, Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. 6. Fusus senticosus, spec. nov. Plate vii., fig. 3. Shell thin, elongately fusiform, slender; whorls six and a half, apex obtuse of one and a half more !or less elongate smooth whorls; the other whorls squarely rounded, deeply im- pressed at the suture, with five encircling ribs covered with tubular hollow spines, or slender vaulted pointed scales; the middle rib on the angle of the whorl stouter than the rest, and furnished with long spines. Last whorl shouldered and subtabulated, with two or three threads rarely wanting on the posterior slope; the rounded base and canal with equi-distant similar spiral lire, one or two on the canal are stouter and provided with larger spines. The transverse ornament is very peculiar, consisting of im- bricating lamelle, more or less radially disposed around the bases of the spines, and the bundles of one row somewhat alternating with those of the next. Length, 20; breadth, 55; height of aperture, 4; length of canal, 10. Localities—Blue clays at Schnapper Point; lower beds at Muddy Creek; gastropod-bed, River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. 7. Fusus dictyotis, spec. nov. Plate vii., figs. 2 and 6. Shell stout, elongately fusiform with a high gradated spire, angulated whorls, serrately-dentate on the keel, finely spirally lirate and crossed by thin lamelle. Whorls, nine, in- 136 cluding the mamillate apex of two subglobose whorls; earlier ones bicarinated, stoutly costated, and latticed by spiral lire, and frilled lamelle of growth. Anterior whorls bisected by a strong keel raised into wide cuneate compressed serrations, almost tabulated above, conically contracted in front with a strong spiral thread in the middle line; there are about nine unequal lire on the posterior slope of the penultimate whorl, and an equal number in front of the keel. Last whorl a little ventricose in the middle line, rounded at the base, and con- tracted into a long, nearly straight, open canal; there are eight rounded plications on the whorl, vanishing on the base ; anterior portion of whorl with raised angular encircling lire, with alternating slender and stouter threads in the interspaces; whole surface crossed by thin continuous lamelle, which pro- ject into vaulted scales on the encircling keels and lire; canal ornamented as the base, but the vaulted scales on the stouter ridges projecting into small sharp points. Aperture angularly rounded; outer lip thin, lirate within, continuous with the inner lp which is continued asa sharp, thin, elevated lamina to the extremity of the canal. Length, 82; breadth, 24; aperture, height, 16; width, 11; length of canal, 35. Localities —Blue clays at Schnapper Point; lower beds at Muddy Creek; gastropod-bed of the River Mur ray Cliffs, near Morgan ; and in a well sinking 24 miles north of Morgan. VAR., Pl. vii. , fig. 6, with a longer straight declining shoulder; plications rounded, not produced into sharp points, the angula- tion which is less prominent. The figured specimen is an ex- treme form, but it is connected with the type by graduating specimens. Localities—Lower beds at Muddy Creek; River Murray Cliffs; Table Cape (&. IZ. Johnston !) 8. Fusus Johnstoni, 7. Woods. Plate xii., figs. 4a, 4b. F. Johnstoni, T. Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1876, 94. a Shell narrowly fusiform, terminating in an obtuse apex of two smooth subglobose whorls ; whorls eight (excepting the nuclear ones), convex, angular, spirally lirate, and transversely plicate. The lire are stout convex equal and equidistant, sometimes with a thread in the interstices, about 10 on the penultimate whorl. Coste broad, rounded, about eight to 10 on each of the anterior whorls, but diminish in number up the spire, and scarcely appear in front of the periphery on the last whorl. Length, 21; breadth, 9 ; length of canal and aperture, 16. Locality. —Table Cape. (R. UL. Johnston ) 137 This species differs from F. Meridithe by its less acuminate spire, more angular and regularly plicate whorls; the whorls are more regularly increasing than in F. simulans, and the lire are very much stouter and fewer. 9. Fusus simulans, spec. nov. Plate x., figs. 2a, 2b. Shell closely approximating to F. Meredithe ; whorls eight, all, excepting the two large apical ones, angulated or angularly convex, slenderly costated, and tuberculated on the keel; costa, seven to nine on the last whorl; lire not all granulated, about 20 on penultimate whorl alternalely large and small. The angular stoutly tuberculated whorls are characters too pronounced to permit of specific identity with F. Meredithe ; the apex though small is about twice the size of the Tasmanian fossil. Length, 31; breadth, 12°5; length of aperture and canal, 7. Localities.—Gastropod-bed of the River Murray cliffs, near Morgan ; lower beds at Muddy Creek. 10. Fusus sculptilis, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 13. Shell lanceolar-fusiform, thin, of seven and a half whorls. Apex blunt, of one and a half rounded smooth whorls, becom- ing angulated and graduating into the next whorl, which is medially angulated and transversely costated; the rest of the _ whorls convex, of slow increase, separated by a deep impressed suture, ornamented with coste and curved transverse thread- lets, and strong encircling threads. The coste are rounded, moderately elevated, and number about ten on the body whorl. The lire are flat, thin, more or less minutely crenulated, and raised into smail acute nodula- tions as they pass over the coste; on the penultimate whorl there are about six principal lire, the one at the periphery stronger than the rest, with one slender thread here and there in between. Last whorl abruptly attenuated into a long, narrow, straight canal; the coste faintly extending on to the canal, which is spirally lirate. Aperture oval, peristome continuous, inner lip faintly lrate within. Length, 14; breadth, 4; length of aperture and canal, 8. Locality—Clayey green-sands, Adelaide bore. 11. Fusus incompositus, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 9.7 Shell elongate-fusiform, with the spire suddenly contracted in front of the large subcylindrical apex, which consists of two smooth ventricose whorls, with the extreme tip somewhat obliquely flattened down. The next whorl is very narrow, sub- angulated medially, and spirally striated; the three other 138 whorls are roundly angled a little in front of the medial line, with a row of large, rounded, nodular plications on the anterior slope, ornamented with raised, angular, spiral threads (12 to 15 on the penultimate whorl, of which the posterior are finer than the anterior ones), crossed by flexuous strie. The nodu- lations on the last whorl are six, large, faintly traceable to the suture as oblique undulations, and vanishing anteriorly at the base, which is contracted into a long, slightly flexuous, lirate and transversely striated beak. Length, 27; breadth, 9; length of aperture and canal, 16. Localities —Clayey green sands, Adelaide bore; and “ Tur- ritella clays,” Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. 12. Fusus tholoides, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 11. Shell fusiform, with a short spire ending in a very blunt hemispheric apex. Whorls five, the first smooth, depressed ; the second high, flatly convex, radially ribbed and spirally irate; the third slightly angular medially with similar but stronger ornament; the anterior whorls angularly convex, slightly angled, and crenately serrate at the shoulder; faintly transversely costated (about 10 to a whorl), and irregularly cancellated by spiral lire and transverse threads. There are about 10 lire on the posterior slope of the penultimate, and six alternately stout and slender on the front. The last whorl is obscurely flatly rounded in the middle where the coste fade away, thence abruptly contracted in a long, straight, open beak; base with numerous granularly wrinkled lire ; the interspaces closely cancellated. Length, 22; breadth, 9 ; length of canal and aperture, 15. Locality —Clayey-green sands, Adelaide bore. 13. Fusus Aldingensis, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 10. The young shell resembles F. tholoides, but has a broader spire, smaller blunt apex, the whorls subimbricating with a suprasutural angulation crowned with stronger serrations. Length, 22 ; breadth, 9°5 ; length of canal and aperture, 16. Adult specimens of seven whorls have the anterior whorls sharply keeled in the anterior third, obliquely plicated, the plice (10 to a whorl) forming wedge-shaped tubercles on the keel; the whole surface is finely cancellated by slender spiral threads and transverse striez. At this stage the species simu- lates Fasctolaria cristata (see p. 151), but apart from other differences the incisions on the keel are very much shallower and the projections very much smaller and pointed. Length, 35 ; breadth, 145; length of aperture and canal, 20. Locality.—Turritella-clays, Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. a cre cnt oats te 139 14. Fusus aciformis, spec. nov. Plate vii, figs. 5a—a5b. Shell lanceolate-fusiform, with a regular decreasing spire of flatly convex whorls, terminating in an obtuse summit of two: and a half whorls; the anterior whorl of the apex is tumid in the middle, radially ridged, and is wider than the succeeding spire-whorl ; the next apical whorl is much narrowed, and the small tip is depressed. Whorls 103, excepting the apical ones, almost flat; suture linear, somewhat concealed; the earlier whorls with five equal equidistant subacute elevated lire, the broad concave interspaces traversed with close-set growth- wrinkles ; the lire increase in number with the growth of the shell and are about ten on the penultimate whorl. Last whorl of very slight increase, gradually tapering into the long straight beak, ornamented with wavy, acute, encircling ridges. Outer lip thin, lirate within; peristome continuous, inner lip not reflected. Length, 41; breadth, 7,; length of canal and aperture, 22. Localities—Blue clays at Schnapper Point; and lower beds: at Muddy Creek. In its very narrow lanceolate form this fossil most resembles F. acus, Adams and Reeve; but the whorls are flatter, and. without axial ribs. 15. Fusus hexagonalis, spec. nov. Plate iii., figs. 15a—15d. Shell linear-lanceolar-fusiform, prismatic. Apex of two and a half whorls, medially angulated ; the anterior one costated and projecting beyond the succeeding whorl, the next nar- rower, smcoth, and ending in an upturned lateral.point. The rest of the whorls six and a half, the earlier ones angulated medially, gradually becoming flatly convex, separated by a deep. suture ; with slender axial plications or angulations, usually six on a whorl in an alignment one with another from whorl to whorl, thereby imparting an hexagonal outline to the spire ;, ornamented with flat encircling ridges and grcoves, the relative width of the ridges and furrows being different for different: individuals, and traversed by growth lines, which are raised. into arched scales at the suture. Last whorl of slight increase, convex or flatly rounded at the periphery, cost reaching to the hase, but not on to the beak; ornamented as the spire; rather abrupily contracted into along, slender, straight beak. Aperture narrow, oval- oblong; outer lip lirate within, its margin crenulated. Length, 19; breadth, 3; length of aperture and canal, 11°5. Locality— Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 16. Fusus bulbodes, spec. nov. Plate vii., fig. 8. Shell long, fusiform, with a rapidly narrowing spire of sub- imbricating whorls, terminating in a large ovoid summit. 140 ‘Whorls eight, the first somewhat globose, the next very nar- row, smooth, and bicarinated, the third nearly flat, shining, and spirally scratched; the other whorls gradually becoming more and more obtusely angled and swollen round the anterior part, being very contracted at the anterior suture, and flatly sloping to the posterior suture ; encircled with raised threads (about 15 on the penultimate whorl) narrower than the inter- spaces, which are traversed by close-set strie. Last whorl tumid and rounded at the periphery, rapidly con- tracted at the base into a long, narrow, straight canal; the surface tessellated by transverse threads and stouter spiral lire. Dimensions of young perfect specimen of five whorls.— Length, 44; breadth, 10°5; length of canal and aperture, 27°5 ; diameter of bulbous summit, 4°5. Of a large incomplete speci- men.—Length, 68 (85 estimated); breadth, 22°5; length of canal and aperture, 33 (estimated 50). Localities.—Blue clays at Schnapper Point; and lower beds at Muddy Creek. 17. Fusus Meredithe, 7. Woods. fF. gracillimus, Tenison Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1875, p. 22 (non Adams and Reeve). F. Meredithe, Tenison Woods, op. cit. on legend to pl. i, fig. 6. Shell elongate-fusiform, with a high conical acuminate ‘Spire, ending in a very slender apex of one and a half smooth high whorls. Whorls below the apex, seven and a half, convex, the body whorl sometimes subangulated and somewhat tumid, spirally suleated, and slenderly ribbed and transversely cos- tated. There are about 10 slender cost on each of the posterior whorls, becoming more and more reduced in size, usually absent on one or more of the median whorls, and on the body whorl are represented by short corrugations at the periphery. The spiral threads are flatly rounded, alternating with a little wider flat grooves often with a fine thread in the middle; crossed by distant strie which obscurely granulate the lire. There are about 12 lire on the penultimate whorl. Aperture ovate, rather abruptly contracted to the long, rather open canal ; outer lip thin, obscurely crenulated on the margin, lirate within. Length, 33; breadth, 11; length of aperture, 8; of canal, 10. Locality —Table Cape. (Hobart Mus.! Rk. M. Johnston !) 18. Fusus Gippslandicus, spec. nov. Shell elongate-fusiform, ending in a smallish mamillate apex of one and a half smooth-rounded whorl, the tips ee ee eee 141 laterally immersed; whorls below the apex seven, of very slow increase, convex, much contracted at both sutures, stoutly but narrowly ribbed, lirate. Transverse plications about 11 to a whorl, narrow, very prominent, slightly nodulose, almost obsolete on the body whorl. Spiral ridges angular, four of which on the middle and front very prominent, with an intermediate thread. Three slender lire on the posterior slope; whole surface transversely closely wrinkled. Base gradually attenuated, ornamented with alternately large and small angular encircling ridges. a Length, 44; breadth, 13; length of aperture, 12, of canal, 12. Localities —Jemmy’s Point and Cunninghame, Gippsland. (W. H. Gregson !) This is a more slender shell with narrower coste than F. dumetosus ; it differs from # Meredithe by its coarser orna- ment, more convex whorls, and less ventricose body whorl. 19. Fusus dumetosus, spee. nov. Plate ix., fig. 1. Shell stoutly fusiform, whorls rounded and spirally ridged ; differing from F-. ustulatus, Reeve, by the whorls being of less rapid increase, last whorl not so ventricose, and by the absence of axial plications on the anterior whorls, at least, on the body whorl. Length, without apex, 31:5; breadth, 125; length of aper- ture and canal, 18. Locality.—Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !) 20. Fusus Tateanus, 7. Woods. Plate xiii., fig. 5. F. Tateana, Tenison Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1876, p. 94. Shell ovately fusiform; whorls seven (without apex), the body and penultimate whorls roundly convex, obscurely dis- tantly spirally lirate and transversely striated; the rest of the spire whorls flatly convex, the posterior ones costated and lirated. There are about ten coste in a whorl, and about 15 subangular threads equi-distant and about equal to the inter- vening sulci. Last whorl rather sloping to the suture; aper- ture elliptic, outer lip thin and abruptly incurved to the long, narrow canal. Length of an incomplete specimen, 86; breadth, 35; length of aperture, 30; of canal, so much as known, 25. Locality.—Table Cape, Tasmania (Hobart Mus.! R. M. John- ston !) This fossil is very distinct from any living species, but is remotely related to F. longevus of the European Eocene. 142 GENUS SIPHONALIA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. ‘Whorls angulated, subimbricating. $54: Spire elevated; crenate-dentate on the keel; spirally lirate. l. WS. subreflexa. Spire short ; nodulate on the keel; transversely lamel- late. 2. WS. lamellifera. Whorls shouldered. Shell elongate-fusiform and costated. Lire, 15; tubercles, 13. 3. S. Roblini Lire, 11; tubercles, 11, and stouter. 4. WS. longirostris. Shell pyriform, costated anteriorly. 5. S. spatiosa. 1. Siphonalia subreflexa, G. B. Sowerby. Fusus subreflecus, G. B. Sowerby, in Darwin’s Geological Observations, 1844, 2nd ed., p. 616, t. 4, fig. 57. Shell fusiformly turreted; apex small mamillate of two smoothwhorls; the next four whorls convex, transversely costated, and spirally lirate; the four anterior whorls angu- lated and ventricose in front of the middle, the posterior slope convex, tuberculated on the keel, spirally lirate with alter- nately stout and slender threads, and cancellated by transverse strie. The tubercles are compressed, prominent, and about 13 toa whorl. Aperture large, oval; outer lip lirate within ; canal long, curved to the left. Length, 85; breadth, 40; length of aperture, 32; width of aperture, 19; length of canal (incomplete), 20. Locality. Lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant /) This species is markedly distinct from the two next species by its prominent submedial tuberculated keel, without any trace of costation, except on the posterior whorls. It is with some reluctance that I ascribe our fossil to Sowerby’s F. swb- reflexus, from the Chilian Tertiary, as it is possible that differ- erences of ornament or other minute characters may really exist which are not pictorially or verbally indicated. 2. Siphonalia lamellifera, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 5. Shell ovately fusiform, stout, with a low conic spire of sub- imbricating flat whorls ending in an obtuse apex. Whorls six, angulate over the suture; last and penultimate whorls bluntly nodulose on the keel (eight to a whorl). Last whorl bisected by a blunt keel, the medial portion roundly truncated, orna- mented with stout plications, which terminate at the keel in stout, blunt nodulations; anteriorly abruptly contracted into the concave base, which is prolonged into a broad, curved, up- turned, longish canal. Surface ornamented with imbricating 143 lamelle insinuated at the keel; at the keel, and in front of it, the lamelle are raised into slender close frills, which about the keel are more or less continuous, and appear as raised threads. Aperture trapezoidal; outer lip smooth within for a distance of about six mills., beyond which the surface is closely and regularly spirally striated, and provided with narrow and short callous ridges. Length, 52; breadth, 29; length of aperture and canal, 36. Locality —Blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Phillip. 3. Siphonalia Roblini, T. Woods. Fusus Roblini, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasman., for 1876, p.22, tab. 1, fig. 7. Anterior whorls subangulated, with 13 subdistant, somewhat sharp tubercles on the angulation,* ornamented with spiral acute threads, alternately large and small-—about 15 large ones on the penultimate whorl—cancellated by thickish subdistant transverse striz. The posterior whorls are transversely plicate, the plice gradually reduced to tubercles. Aperture elongately pyzritorm; outer lip thin, costated within; canal elongate, twisted, and recurved. The type specimen possesses five and a half whorls, the apex being broken off, and has a length of 66, breadth of 30, length of aperture and canal of 41, and breadth of aperture of 14. Locality.—Table Cape (Hobart Mus. !). 4. Siphonalia longirostris, spec. nov. Pl. xi., fig. 8. Shell elongate-fusiform, with a high subscalar spire, ending inasmall mamillate apex of one anda half smooth convex whorls. Whorls nine, convex to subangulated; ornamented with transverse coste, which are reduced to somewhat sharp tubercles, and subacute spiral threads alternately large and small, crossed by subdistant lamelle. There are 11 tubercles on the body whorl and about 11 strong spiral threads on the penultimate whorl. Aperture elongately pyritorm; outer lip thin, internally sulcated ; canal elongate and much twisted. Length,*69 ; breadth, 27; length of aperture and canal, 40; breadth of aperture, 11. Localities.—-Blue clays at Schnapper Point and lower beds at Muddy Creek. This species differs from S. Roblini by its more convex whorls, more elevated and stouter costs, and by the fewer and stouter spiral threads. 5. Siphonalia spatiosa, spec. nov. Plate iv., fig. 5. Shell somewhat elongately pyriform ; whorls six ; apex want- * The figure represents the tubercles much too large. 14.4 ing; posterior whorls flat or slightly convex, with a row of nodulations at the anterior suture ; anterior whorls tabulate, the posterior slope very wide, upward inclined, the anterior slope narrow and contracted at the suture, roundly plicated, the plice terminating at the keel in obtuse nodulations. Last whorl ventricose in the middle, slightly sloping from the keel for a distance equal to the length of the posterior slope, thence suddenly contracted in a long, rather wide, curved, and slightly reverted canal; the transverse plications do not extend on to: the base, and are absent in the anterior-fourth of the whorl ;; there are 14 nodulations on the last whorl. The whole surface is ornamented with crowded depressed. rounded spiral threads, alternately large and small, crossed. by curved lines and striz of growth which obscurely crenulate the lire. Aperture large, oval; outer lip slightly dilated anteriorly, and slightly ascending posteriorly, smooth within ; inner lip: widely spreading over the columella and decurrent on the inner face of the canal; columella slightly concave above the illar. Length, 98; breadth, 48 ; length of aperture and canal, 73. Locality.—Upper beds at Muddy Creek. (J. Dennant !) GENUS SIPHO. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Aperture variced ; without coste. 1 S. labrosus. Aperture simple. Ornament of granular rows; no coste. 2. S. erebrigranosus. Ornament of flat equal threads ; costated. 3. S. styliformis. Ornament of round threads, alternately large and and small and transverse lamelle, with or without coste. A. S. asperulus. 1. Sipho labrosus, spec. nov.” Plate iii., fig. 7. Shell linear - lanceolar- fusiform, thin, of five and a half whorls, ending in a large blunt mamillary apex of one and a half globose smooth whorls. The other whorls convex, separ- ated by a deep suture, ornamented all over with encircling lire (ten on the penultimate whorl) alternately stout and slender, crossed by angular threads raised into subgranular imbrications on the lire. Last whorl gradua!ly attenuated into the long, slightly curved and reverted, open canal; the outer lip is thickened by a varix slightly removed from the edge, varix somewhat angular and insinuated at the suture. 145 Aperture narrow-oval, peristome entire and smooth. Length, 11; breadth, 3°5; length of aperture and canal, 6. Locality — Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 2. Sipho crebrigranosus, spec. nov. Plate iii., fig. 8. Shell broadly lanceolar-fusiform, rather stout, of six and a half whorls, ending ina large blunt mamillary apex of two globose smooth whorls ; the rest of the whorls moderately con- vex, separated by a linear suture; ornamented all over with equal and equi-distant encircling lire and transverse threads, almost obliterated by the development of granules at the intercrossing (the lire are about 12 on the penultimate whorl). Last whorl tapering into a moderately long, slightly curved, hardly reverted, open canal; inner lip lirate within. Length, 18; breadth, 4; length of aperture and canal, 8. Locality — Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 3. Sipho styliformis, T. Woods. Fusus styliformis, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., Woriv., p.. 12, tab. 3, fis, 6, 1879. Shell elongately fusiform, slender, thin; whorls seven. Apex of two smooth whorls, joined to the spire by a thick varix, be- hind which, for about half a whorl, the surface is costated, thence rapidly enlarging into a globose whorl terminating in a narrow subimmersed tip. The spire whorls slightly convex, a little contracted at the anterior suture, rendered almost pris- matic by regular disposed rounded plications (seven to a whorl); suture impressed, more or less concealed by vaulted imbricating scales; ornamented with flat spiral lire about or nearly equalling the flat, smooth, intervening furrows (about seven on the penultimate whorl). Body whorl rather abruptly contracted into a long, wide, slightly twisted and reverted canal ; aperture ovate ; outer lip: thin; lirate within ; columella arched, smooth. Length, 12°5; breadth, 4:5; length of canal and aperture, 7. Localities.—Lower beds at Muddy Creek ; “ gastropod bed’” of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. 4. Sipho asperulus, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 5. Shell similar to S. styliformis, but larger, with flat whorls. channelled at the suture, and the ornament consisting of spiral,. narrow, rounded threads alternately large and small (about ten on the penultimate whorl), crossed by lamelle, which are raised into low scales over the lire. The plications are not so: strongly developed as in the allied species, and are more usually obsolete or reduced to axial angularities. I 146 Length, 19; breadth, 7; length of aperture 5, and of canal 5; width of aperture, 3. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. GENUS PSEUDOVARICIA. Name in allusion to the abnormal character of the varices. Type.—P. mirabilis, spec. nov. Generic characters.—Shell cylindroid-fusiform, smooth, spire obtuse, whorls with a few remote and non-continuous imbricat- ing varices; canal very short, wide ; columella smooth, slightly arched. The varices are not produced as ordinarily by an outward thickening or bulging of the shell wall, but appear as abrupt step-like interruptions to the regularity of the spiral curve, and seem to indicate that each periodic mouth was slightly margined with enamel, and the new growth to have been com- menced from within, so that the successive growths are not in the same plane. The peculiarity of its variceal characters and the blunt apex remove this genus from Genea, Bellardi, of the Italian Tertiary, which in other particulars it resembles. Tryon, in his Manual of Conchology, places Genea in a subordinate position to Fusus, but I think it is more related to Neptunea or Sipho. 1. Pseudovaricia mirabilis, spec. nov. Pl. vii., figs. 9a—9ec. Shell elongately fusiform, smooth, shining, rather thin, with a cylindrical spire a little longer than the aperture, ending in a very blunt apex of two very rapidly narrowing whorls, flat- tened at the summit. Whorls below the apex, six, very broad, of slow increase, flatly convex, with a very narrow high-sloping shoulder, defined by a strong thread ; 11 varices, or about two to a whorl, irregularly disposed. Whole surface transversely, finely, and closely striated, except on the shoulder, where they are stouter and more distant. On each side of the angulation are two or three spiral threads, which on the posterior whorls are cut up into elongate granulations. Aperture elliptical; outer lp plain, smooth within; columella shghtly incurved, smooth; canal wide, short, nearly straight, obliquely emarginate. Length, 46; breadth, 13; length of aperture and canal, 21; width of aperture, 6. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant!). 147 Gents CoMINELLA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Whorls convex, not shouldered. Lirate, posteriorly faintly costated. LL. @. erassina. Strongly late and linearly costated, punctatedly im- pressed. 2. C. pertusa. Costated throughout. 3. C. subjilicea. Plicately-wrinkled ; base smooth. 4, C. pumila. Whorls shouldered and, except body whorl, strongly cos- tated. 5. OO. Clelandt. Species excluded. C. cancellata, 7. Woods, is transferred to Bela as B. Woodsit. C. lyrecostata, T. Woods, is transferred to Phos. 1. Cominella crassina, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 4. Shell excessively strong with the form of the elate variety of C. alveolata, Kiener, described as C. Adelaidensis, Crosse and Fischer ; the ante-sutural impression is broad and well defined, the posterior whorls only are faintly costated ; the differential characters are the wide, flat encircling furrows, as wide, or nearly as wide, as the ridges, marked with transverse, curved lines ; the outer lip is strongly ridged within. Length, 32; breadth,16; length of aperture and canal, 19°5. Lacality—Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant '). 2. Cominella ? pertusa, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 11. Shell minute, ovate-oblong; apex small, mamillate, of one and a half whorls with the tip obliquely immersed ; the rest of the whorls four, convex, suture impressed, ornamented with straight, thread-like cost, about 15 to a whorl, and thick spiral threads punctatedly impressed in the narrow interstices ; spiral threads eight on the penultimate whorl. Aperture round, large, emarginate in front; outer lip a little dilated, faintly tuberculated within, variced behind. Length, 4°25; breadth, about 2°5; length of aperture, 2. Locality —Clayey green sands, Adelaide bore. 3. Cominella subfilicea, spec. nov. _ Plate x., fig. 6. Shell with the form of C.jfilicea, Adams, and, like it, with coste descending to the base of the last whorl, but it differs by its encircling depressed ridges separated by linear furrows, as in most species of the genus, whereas in the living shell the surface is finely striated and marked with colour lines. Length, 20; breadth, 9; length of aperture and canal, 12. Localities. —Oyster banks, Aldinga Cliffs; and equivalent beds at Hallett’s Cove, St. Vincent Gulf. 148 4. Cominella pumila, spec. nov. Plate iv., fig. 12. Shell very small, thin, ovate; whorls five, convex, apex mamillate; the whorl next the pullus smooth, the next two ornamented with narrow, close, wrinkle-like transverse ridges, which on the last whorl are confined to the posterior one-third, rest of the whorl inornate. Length, 5; breadth, 3; length of aperture and canal, 3°5 Locality —Clayey green sands, Adelaide bore. This little fossil has a general resemblance to Cyllene plumbea, but wants the distinctive characters proper to that genus. 5. Cominella Clelandi, spec. nov. Plate xi., fig. 1; plate xiii., fig. 1. Shell of the shape and style of ornament of Trophon Flindersi, but with the aperture of Comznella ; posterior whorls with about ten coste, spirally lirate, last whorl convex, roundly shouldered, cost obliterated. Length, estimated, 35; breadth, 22; length of aperture, 24. Locality. —Upper Aldinga series of beds at Hallett’s Cove, collected by Dr. Cleland, Hon. See. of the neocas after whom the species is named. Genus BuccinumM. 1. Buccinum fragile, Z. Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1876, p. 107, from Table Cape, is unknown to me. Genus FASCIOLARIA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Whorls rounded, costated Ovately fusiform, coste broad, lire many. 1. FF. Lenasone. Lanceolately fusiform, coste broad, ure few. 2. F.. exilis. Elongate-fusiform, cost narrow, angular. 3. £. concinna. Whorls angularly convex, nodulated on the angulation. 4. . decipiens. Whorls medially raised into a crenately incised keel. 5. LF’. cristata. Whorls shouldered, costulated in front. Elongate-fusiform, last whorl of moderate size, canal nearly straight. 6. Ef er yptoploca. Last whorl ventricose ; canal twisted. 7. F’. rugata. 1. Fasciolaria Tenisoni, 7. WVoods. Fuasciolaria Tenisoni, Tenison- Woods, Prse. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., vol. iv., p. 18, tab. 3, fig. 3, 1879. 149 Shell ovately fusiform, with a moderately high conic spire, ending in a blunt apex of one anda half subglobose whorls. Whorls six and a half, moderately convex, with broad rib-like folds (nine on the last whorl), wider than the intervening con- fave interspaces, evanescent towards the posterior suture; ornamented in a spiral direction by narrow, elevated, subacute threads (about 12 on penultimate whorls), sometimes with a thread let in the furrow, cancellated by regular nearly straight growth lines. Columella with one conspicuous plait at the top of the pillar, succeeded by two small ones; canal long, straight; outer lip thin, lirate within. Length, 30; breadth, 11; length of aperture,9; and canal, 11. _ Locality—Lower beds at Muddy Creek (Zenison-Woods and J. Dennant !). 2. Fasciolaria exilis, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 3. Shell lanceolate-fusiform with an elongate acuminate spire ending in a small blunt apex of two subglobose whorls; whorls nine, excepting the apical ones, flatly convex, transversely plicate, and widely latticed by transverse threadlets and dis- tant encircling lire. The coste are about eight to a whorl; on the posterior whorls they are thick and rounded, about equalling the interspaces, becoming narrow more angular and wider apart as the whorls increase; there are six elevated moderately thick lre on the penultimate whorl, usually with a threadlet in the wide intervening spaces. Last whorl of very slight increase, gradually tapering into the long, straight, narrow beak, which is encircled with flat ridges. Outer lip crenulated on the margin, lirate within; columella with two or three small oblique plaits. Length, 18; breadth, 45; length of aperture and canal, 9; Localities —Gastropod bed of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan ; blue clays at Schnapper Point; lower beds at Muddy freek. . 3. Fasciolaria concinna, spec. nov. PI. viii., fig. 6. Shell elongate-fusiform, with a high acuminate spire, ending in asmall mamillate apex of one anda half smooth whorls, with the tip immersed and somewhat lateral. Whorls eight and a half, the posterior spire whorls slightly gradated, plicate, encircled with strong lire, crenulated by close-set transverse strie ; the anterior whorls convex, a little ventricose medially, but more contracted in front than behind; ornamented with narrow, regular, subacute plications, confined to the anterior half of each whorl (15 on the penultimate whorl), and rather stout, elevated, flat spiral ridges (15 on the penultimate whor}), the flat intervening spaces of double the width, provided with 150 _ from two to four spiral threadlets; the whole surface trans- versely striated; the striz crenulate the edge of the lire and produce with the spiral threadlets a neat cancellation in the inter-spaces. Last whorl a little tumid on the base, which contracts: abruptly, and is suddenly prolonged into a narrow beak; sur- face ornamented as the rest of the shell. Aperture round, with a sharp angle at the top; outer lip sharp, thin, well arched, crenulated on the margin, faintly lrate within; inner lip slightly concave, with a thick oblique twist-like fold at the front; canal narrow, long, slender, and nearly straight. Length, 40; breadth, 15; aperture, length 12, width 7; length of canal, 11. Locality.—Blue clays at Schnapper Point. 4. Fasciolaria decipiens, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 1. Shell elongately fusiform, with a high turrited spire ending in a small blunt mamillate apex of one and a half smooth rounded whorls, the tip immersed. Whorls nine and a half, of regular increase; the anterior ones roundly angulated and nodulated medially, concave behind and somewhat contracted in front, ornamented with revolving threads and transverse riblets—the rudely square depressions transversely striated. Tubercles, twelve on the last whorl, bluntly or subacutely conical, trisected by three peripheral lire; lire acute, equi- distant, about twelve on the penultimate whorl, those on the medial and anterior areas stouter than those on the posterior slope, sometimes with a threadlet in the intervening furrows. Body whorl with a high posterior slope, bluntly convex on the periphery, thence gradually contracted into a long, broad, almost straight beak. Aperture elongate-oval; outer hp with a thin porcellanous thickening on the slightly crenulated margin, smooth within ; inner lip callously spread and adpressed over the columella; columella with two oblique plaits hardly visible from without. Length, 68; breadth, 25; aperture, length 21, width 10;. length of canal, 16. Localities—Lower beds at Muddy Creek ; gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs; Table Cape (A. IL. Johnston !). Each locality has its own racial variety, and it may be desir- able, when fuller material is at hand, to apply distinctive names to each. The type form from Muddy Creek is the most lanceolate, the breadth to the length is as 1 to 2°7; the Murray variety differs. by its more angulate whorls, sharp, stout and simple tubercles, and is proportionately broader, the breadth to the length being 151 1 to 25; the extreme of shape is presented by the Table Cape race, which has a shorter spire, more ventricose body-whorl, with large conical tubercles, the breadth to the length is as 1 to 2°2. 5. Fasciolaria cristata, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 4. Shell fusiform, with a high scalar spire of regularly-increasing whorls, ending ina small mamillate apex of one and a half globose whorls, the extreme tip immersed. Whorls seven and a half, the posterior spire-whorls bluntly angulated in the middle and costated; the anterior whorls angulated, bisected by a sharp, elevated, compressed keel, which is cut into deep crenatures (about 10 on the body whorl), transversely plicated, coincident with the projections on the keel, from which the plice are obliquely directed, vanishing towards the posterior suture, but well developed in front, rounded and continued to the anterior suture. Ornamented with angular unequal lire (about 20 on the penultimate whorl), and rather closely tessellated by growth-lines. Body whorl with three strong lire on the front, with a few primary and secondary threads intervening, cancellated by transverse striz; base gradually attenuated into a long, some- what narrow, oblique, spirally hrate beak, Aperture oval, large ; columella with three oblique conspicuous plaits, the an- terior one the strongest, with one to three inconspicuous pos- terior plaits ; plaits sometimes bifid at their ends. Dimensions of a medium sized specimen:—Lenegth, 41; breadth, 19; length of aperture, 13; of canal, 11. Locality.— Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 6. Fasciolaria cryptoploca, spec. nov. PI. viii., fig. 2. Shell fusiform, moderately elongate, with a high scalar spire, ending in asmall mamillate apex of one and a half smooth convex whorls. Whorls nine ; the earlier whorls flatly convex, and graduating to tabulated in the two anterior ones. Anterior whorls with nine plications to each whorl; plice narrowly rounded, elevated into sharpish conical tubercles at the shoulder, separated by wide, shallow and open furrows, dying out on the posterior slope and on the base of the body whorl; the ornament consists of acute spiral ridges, alternately large and small (about 20 on the penultimate whorl), separated by a little wider angular furrows, roughened by transverse lamelle of growth. Aperture oval-oblong; outer lip thin, strongly irate within; columella with a strong oblique fold, arising from the top of the pillar, and one or two smaller above, not visible from the exterior; canal stout, rather broad, open, slightly bent to the left, and a little reverted. 152 Length, 46; breadth, 185; aperture, length 15, breadth 8.5 ; length of canal, 13. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 7. Fasciolaria rugata, spec. nov. Pilate viii., fig. 3. This species very much resembles F. eryptoploca, but differs by its fewer and more rapidly enlarging whorls, which are about equally sloping from the periphery to the sutures; the canal is shorter and strongly twisted. There are ten sharp plications on each of the anterior whorls, and the encircling lire (ten to twelve on the penultimate whorl) are equal-sized, and the surface is usually more rugged by the edges of the imbricating lamelle than in the allied species. Dimensions of the type specimen, with six anda half whorls: —Length, 45; breadth, 23; length of aperture 17, of canal 10. Localities.—Blue clays at Schnapper Point; and lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !). GEeNnus PERISTERNIA. I find it convenient to include under this generic title those fusoid shells having a sharply sinistrally bent canal, with one strong fold on the columella, or with two or more slender plaits additional, and others with a short canal having the columella characters, which I cannot with any degree of confi- dence refer to established genera or subgenera. Some of the species, by their long slender canals with two or more plaits, differ from Fusciolaria only by the obliquity of the beak. P. approxtmans is more typical; whilst the small group of species congregated around P. succincta approaches Tudicula. Lastly, there are two small Trophon-lke shells, with a very short twisted canal, that cannot consistently be referred to Trophon on account of the oblique plait on the columella. Unacquainted with the majority of the genera of the family established on Tertiary fossils by Conrad, Bellardi, and other paleontologists, I refrain from creating new groups out of the heterogeneous assemblage of species which I have brought to- gether under Peristernia. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Peristome not continuous. Apex subacute or mamillate, smooth. Whorls angulated, costated. Stoutly lirate ; apex subacute. 1. P. approximans. Last whorl convex, without coste. 2. P. purpuroides. Finely lirate ; apex mamillate. Whorls equally lirate ; apex small. 3. P. Morundiane 153 Posterior slope without lire ; apex twice the size. 4, P. Murrayana. Whorls convex, costated. Coste broad ; canal longer than aperture. Whorls a little flatted behind. 5. P. altifrons. Whorls equally contracted. 6. P. Aldingensis. Coste slender ; canal short. i: P. affinis. Whorls convex, not costated. Cancellated ; canal short. 8. P. transenna. Lire slender ; canal very long, attenuated. 9: P. lintea. Stoutly lirate, posterior whorls subangulated and and costated. 2. P. purpuroides. Peristome not continuous. Apex hemispheric, radially ridged. Whorls bicarinated. 10. BP. apicilirata. Whorls regularly convex. 11. P. actinostephes. Peristome continuous ; inner lip erect. Whorls subpyriform ; last whorl ventricose. 12: P. succineta. Whorls fusiform ; beak long and slender. Lire angular, alternately large and small; whorls flattened at shoulder. 13. P. interlineata. Lire flat; tranversely wrinkled. 14. P. subundulosa. 1. Peristernia approximans, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 2. Shell fusiform, solid, of ten angular-convex whorls, ending ina small, subacute apex, provided with eight narrow trans- verse plications, bent forward on the posterior slope and be- coming obsolete on the base of the body whorl. Ornamented with depressed rounded spiral lire, which are somewhat irregu- lar and unequal, about nine on the posterior slope, decreasing in strength as the suture is approached, about 20 on the medial and front parts of the body whorl; the interstitial spaces are narrower than the lire, and are pitted by transverse threads, which on the posterior slope appear as crowded imbricating forward-curved lamelle. Aperture narrowly ovate; outer lip stoutly lirate within, attenuated and crenatulated at the margin, with an oblique fold at the origin of the canal; columella concave to the slight oblique fold at its junction with the canal; canal rather long, slightly bent to the left, and a little upturned at the extremity. Length, 27; breadth, 11; length of aperture, 8; of canal, 8. 154 Localities —Upper beds at Muddy Creek; oyster banks, Aldinga Cliffs. This fossil, though not a typical Peristernia, cannot well be included under Trophon to which its living analogue P. Paive was originally referred. Mr. Boog Watson, Zool. Challenger Exped., pt. xlii., p. 194, 1886, writing of Trophon Hanleyi, which Mr. Tryon regards as. an elate form of 7. Paive, Crosse, says :—‘‘ The operculum of this species is not that of Murex nor of Fusus, still less that of Urosalpine. . . The form of the shell and operculum alike remove it from Zrophon.” In his perplexity he classes it as a Fusus. As regards the shell 7 Paive is congeneric with Stiphonalia fuscozonata, Angas, which Tryon places under Peristernia—a position the least objectionable. Peristernia Paive isa variable shell, both as to shape of whorls and length of spire, so also is its fossil representative, and specific differences are not easily definable so as to em- brace every individual variation of each. In the living species. the whorls are tabulated, and the length of the aperture and canal does not exceed that of the rest of the shell; in P. approximans the whorls though angulated are not tabulated, and the length of the aperture and canal is about half as long again as the rest of the shell. 2. Peristernia purpuroides, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 3. Shell fusiform, stout, whorls seven, apex small, mamillate. Whorls convex, a little contracted at the anterior suture, the posterior whorls faintly transversely ribbed ; ornamented with thick spiral lire, about nine on the posterior whorl, interstices. much narrower than the lire, and transversely striated. Aperture oval; outer lip strongly lrate within, with a strong fold at the front; inner lip patulous, callously expan- ded, decurrent on the pillar, which is bounded on the left by a narrow angulated furrow ; there is a strong oblique fold arising from the point of the pillar; canal rather short, stout, and broad, bent to the left, and slightly reverted. Length, 29; breadth, 14; length of aperture 11°5, of canal 6. Locality —Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant!). The fossil recalls some varietal forms of Purpura lapillus, but its canal and plaited columella remove it from that genus ; its affinity to Peristernia approximans is unquestionable, though not likely to be confounded with it. 3. Peristernia Morundiana, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 7. Shell ovately fusiform, stout, of seven flatly convex whorls. of rather rapid increase, with a rather short conic spire ending in a small mamillate apex of two smooth whorls; the anterior 155 of the apical whorls is almost flat-sided, the posterior one is: globose, with the tip laterally immersed. Whorls bluntly angled and tuberculate behind the anterior suture, the posterior slope is very wide and slightly convex; the tubercles are rounded, widely separated, eight to a whorl, vanishing half-way across the posterior slope, but reaching the anterior suture ;, spirally lirate, lire acute, about 20 on the penultimate whorl, alternately large and small on the anterior half, closely striated transversely. Last whorl medially angulated and tuberculated, gradually attenuated into a broad, open, much curved shortish beak. Aperture oval; outer lip thin, faintly lirate within; columella with a strong plait at the front decurrent on the canal, behind which is a second, and though moderately strong, is hardly visible from without. Length, 42°5; breadth, 20°5; aperture, length 16, width 9; length of canal, 11. Locality—Gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. 4, Peristernia Murrayana, spec. nov. Shell ovately fusiform, whorls six and a half, of rapid in- crease ; spire short conic, ending in a moderately large obtuse apex of two whorls, 1°5 mill. in diameter ; for about a third of a whorl from the margin of the pullus the surface is slenderly costated, the posterior whorl is globose, with the tip central and partially immersed. Whorls bluntly angulated and tuberculated at the anterior suture, the posterior slope very wide and slightly concave; tubercles small, eight to a whorl, trisected by three strong lire ; ornamented on the anterior half of the whorl with three or four strong spiral threads, with threadlets in the furrows, the posterior slope with fine spiral and transverse striew hardly or not at all visible to the unaided eye. Last whor! subangulated and tuberculated at the periphery, at the base suddenly contracted into a narrow, nearly closed, sinistrally bent canal. Aperture oval; outer lip thin, slightly effuse at the front, faintly lirate within; columella with an oblique conspicuous plait arising from the pillar, and with two to four small linear ridges behind. Length, 25°5; breadth, 12°25; aperture, length 9, width 6 ; length of canal 6. Locality.—One of the commonest fossils in the River Murray » Cliffs near Morgan. This species is much like P. Morundiana, but is only about half the size, and differs by its more rapidly increasing whorls, smaller and trisect tubercles, almost smooth on the posterior 156 slopes, by its more sharply bent attenuated beak, by the pos- terior denticles on the columella, and by its larger and different pullus. 5. Peristernia altifrons, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 1. Shell fusiform, stout (apex wanting); whorls five, rapidly enlarging ; posterior whorls shouldered, the posterior slope very narrow and at first inclined inwards, ornamented by equal lire and cancellated by straight strie ; with increase of growth the whorls become increasingly convex and plicated. Last whorl tumid in the middle, with seven narrow, somewhat humpy, curved plications on the medial region, spirally lirate. Lire equidistant, about 20 on the penultimate whorl, with wide interspaces, but on the medial and anterior areas and on the base of the last whor] they are alternately large and small. Aperture oval; columella with a strong fold at the front, decurrent on the canal; canal stout, apparently of moderate Jength, curved to the left and reverted. Length, incomplete, 38; breadth, 18; aperture, length 15, width 7. Locality —Gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs. 6. Peristernia Aldingensis, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 8a, 85. Shell fusiform, stout, with a high conical spire, ending in a small blunt mammilate apex of two and a half whorls; for about a third of a whorl from the junction with the spire the surface is furnished with linear transverse plications. Whorls eight and a half, increasing somewhat rapidly, convex, with seven large rounded oblique ribs on each whorl, which die out on the base of the last whorl, separated by broad open furrows. Surface scored by coarse angular spiral threads (about ten on the penultimate whorl), roughened on the edge by close-set transverse striw, parted by wider furrows, with or without a spiral threadlet. Last whorl with a rounded base prolonged into a longish, sinistrally curved ‘and slightiy re- verted beak. Aperture round ; outer lip strongly lirate within; columella with a strong oblique plait at the top of the pillar, having a tooth-like termination ; a smaller plait is occasionally present behind it. Fig. 86 represents an extreme elate individual with more defined costations. Length, 35; breadth, 14°5 ; length of aperture, 10; of canal, $'5. Localities —Turritella clays, Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay ; and Adelaide bore. 157 7. Peristernia affinis, spec. nov. Plate xi., fig. 7. Shell like P. transenna but narrower, with strong angular plications, which impart a more convex outline to the whorls. Whorls six, apex decollated ; body whorl with twelve trans- verse ribs, acutely nodulate at the intersection with the lire. Aperture oval; columella witha strong oblique twist; canal shorter than in P. transenna, oblique and slightly twisted ;. outer lip varicosely thickened a little beyond the edge; stoutly lirate within. Length, 16°5 ; breadth, 7; length of aperture and canal, 9. Locality—Table Cape (&. I. Johnston !). 8. Peristernia transenna, T. Woods. Plate xi., fig. 10. Fusus transenna, T. Woods, Proc. Roy. Soe. Tasm. for 1876, . 94. F Shell ovately fusiform with a flat spire, apex wanting; _ whorls five, flatly convex, subangulate above, equally and widely latticed with arched transverse and spiral threads, raised into short, small conical nodulations at the intersection, the interstices cancellated. There are 24 transverse threads. on the body whorl, and five spiral threads on the middle por- tion of the body whorl. Aperture oval; columella with a strong oblique twist ascending from the pillar; canal wide, of moderate length, oblique, and slightly reverted ; outer lip ? Length (incomplete), 20; breadth, 9; length of aperture and canal, 12. Locality.—Table Cape (&. IL. Johnston !). 9. Peristernia lintea, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 11. Shell ovately fusiform, with a moderately high conical spire: ending in a blunt apex of one and a half sub-globose whorls ;. whorls below the apex four, ornamented by fine spiral threads with two or three striz in the interspaces, crossed by slender arched growth lines and very fine striz; last whorl sometimes with short undulations at the periphery. Outer lip thin, irate within ; columella with a conspicuous- oblique fold at the top of the canal succeeded by two or three smail ones. Length, 28; breadth, 10; length of aperture, 9; of canal, 11. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. This species is distinguished from Fuasciolaria Tenisoni by its: more ventricose body whorl, fine spiral ornament, and slender bent canal. 10. Peristernia apicilirata, spec. nov. Pl. ix., fig. 14. Shell small, elongate-fusiform, spire high, of sub-gradated. whorls, ending in a large hemispheric apex radially finely 158 vibbed ; whorls below apex four, convex, bicarinated medially, transversely costated. Coste thick, seven or eight to a whorl, distant, raised into blunt tubercles on the keels, faintly continued on to the base of the last whorl. Spiral ornament consists of two strong medial threads forming keels, a slender thread on the posterior slope, and one or two at the front of the spire whorls; the whole surface crossed by curved striz of growth. Aperture oval; outer lip thin; columella obliquely trun- cated by a spiral plait; canal very short, wide, curved, and reverted. Length, 5; breadth, 2; length of aperture and canal, 2. Localities —Turritella clays at Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay ; .clayey-green sands, Adelaide bore. 11. Peristernia actinostephes, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 10. Similar to P. apicilirata; whorls below apex five, regularly convex, with thick humpy cost, about nine to a whorl, with equal, equidistant spiral threads (six on the penultimate whorl). Outer lip smooth or hrate within ; base a little more contracted. Aperture oblong. Length, 7; breadth, 2°5; length of canal and aperture, 3. Localities —Same as the last. 12. Peristernia succincta, 7. Woods. Trophon succinctus, Tenison- Woods, Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., vol. iv., p. 16, tab. 4, figs. 6, 6a, 1879. Shell elongate-turbinate, apex blunt, of one and a half small subglobose whorls, the tip somewhat oblique; whorls below the apex 5, convex, somewhat flattened behind; encircled with distant sharp high keels, rudely rugged at the edge, the wide concave interspaces marked with transverse growth-lines and fine spiral strie. Keels on the penultimate whorl five or six, of which the two or three medial ones are a little larger and more distant than the rest. ; Last whorl somewhat tumid ; aperture nearly circular; outer lip shghtly dilated, thickened and closely grooved within, bevelled to a sharp undulate edge; inner lip continuous with the outer lip, with a thin erect margin; a strong, oblique plait at the junction with the canal, with a few small denticles be- hind; canal of moderate length, wide, stout, bent to the left, and much reverted. Length, 33; breadth, 20; aperture, length 13°5, width 9; canal length 10, width 45. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 159 13. Peristernia interlineata, spec. nov. Plate vi., fig. 1. Shell ovately fusiform, with a moderately high subgradated spire, ending in a blunt apex of one a half subglobose whorls, the tip depressed. Whorls below the apex four, convex, equally contracted at both sutures, spirally ridged. Ridges angular, acute, three or four of which on the median portion of the spire whorls forming keels; the broad concave furrows with a thread, crossed by straight distant strie. On the body whorl the ridges are more serrately cut by the trans- verse strizw than those are on the spire. Aperture oval; outer lip thin, closely and strongly lirate within; peristome continuous; inner hp with a thin erect margin, a strong oblique anterior plait, and a few denticles. Canal long, slender, twisted to the left and reverted. Length, 23; breadth, 11; length of aperture 8°5, of canal 7. Locality.—Lower beds at Muddy Creek. Related to P. succincta by its ornament, but it is elongated and has a long tapering canal. 14. Peristernia subundulosa, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 12. Shell similar to P. interlineata but the whorls are regularly convex ; the spiral lire flatly rounded, no intersticial thread in the wider interspaces (about ten on the penultimate whorl) ; lire undulose by reason of the obscure, broad, transverse wrinklings. There are two small plaits and a tooth 2n the columella, in addition to the prominent fold at the junction with the canal. Length, 23°5; breadth, 11; length of aperture 9, of canal 7. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. Genus TuDICULA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Periphery truncated and costated. 1”. Y costaca: rounded, undulose. 2. T. turbinata. angulated, plain. 3. TZ. angulata. It is noteworthy that the above-named fossils conform more with the type of the genus (Z. spirillus) than does any of the living species associated therewith; the recent species, which number five, are confined to the Indo-Australian region. Each of the fossil species has very distinctive characters as com- pared with 7. spirillus. 1. Tudicula costata, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 9. Shell globosely conical, with a very short conical spire ; apex mamillate of two whorls, erect, and a little lopsided. Surface ornamented with numerous spiral threads alternately large and small and transverse strie. Last whorl truncated at the 160 periphery, bearing nine curved somewhat humpy coste, which are crenulated by about six strong spiral threads ; base short, rounded, contracted into a long, straightish, slender beak. Aperture oval; outer lip with a slight callous thickening on the margin, smooth within; inner lip continuous with the outer lip, much thickened, but not spreading, decurrent on the pillar; with a stout oblique plait at the summit of the pillar and a few denticles behind. Length, 27°5; breadth, 19; aperture, length 12, width 7; length of canal, 13. Locality —In a well sinking on the River Murray Desert. 2. Tudicula turbinata, spec. nov. Plate x., fig, 7. Shell globosely conical, with a short conical spire of flatly depressed whorls ; apex mamillate, erect, of two smooth whorls. Surface ornamented with angular, distant, spiral threads ; interspaces angular, with a medial threadlet, coarsely striated spirally, and finely striated transversely. Last whorl rather ventricose, especially towards the aper- ture, rounded at the periphery, provided with short thick cost, ten in number, crenulated by three or four strong lire; base short, rounded, contracted into a long, straight, slender beak. Aperture oval; outer lip slightly incurved behind the peri- phery, where it is much thickened, margin crenulated and scored for a short distance within ; inner lip continuous with the outer lip, very much thickened, but not spreading, with a stout oblique plait at the summit of the pillar and five or six denticles behind. Length, 27 (canal incomplete) ; breadth, 23; aperture length, 20; width, 11; length of canal, 10 (incomplete). A young specimen measures—length, 22°5; breadth, 8; length of aper- ture, 8 ; of canal, 10. Localities —Gastropod-bed of the River Murray cliffs, near Morgan ; lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !). 3. Tudicula angulata, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 9. Shell globosely conical, with a short, flatly depressed spire, apex erect mamiliate of two smooth whorls. Last whorl angu- lated at the periphery, ornamented with spiral lire, irregularly crenulated by oblique growth lines; lire on posterior slope, nearly equal and equidistant, narrow, rounded, and depressed, the interspaces a little wider ; on the front and base the lire are stronger, wide apart, the interspaces occupied by three or four threadlets. Aperture as in Z. turbinata, except that there are no den- ticles behind the columella-plait. 161 Length, less the canal, 16; breadth, 15°5; aperture, length, 11; width, 6:5. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. Gents DENNANTIA. Name in compliment to Mr. J. Dennant, F.G.S., who has placed his very extensive collection of the Muddy Creek fossils at my service. Type-—Fusus Ino, Tenison Woods. Generic Characters.—Shell elongate, turriculate; aperture prolonged into a moderately long, sharply bent and reverted canal; columella with an oblique fold ending at the point of the pillar in a tooth-like projection ; base of body whorl with a revolving ridge coincident with the posterior angle of the mouth and ending in a pointed projection on the thin outer lip. This genus combines the form of Fustigiella with the aper- ture of Leucozonia and the canal of Peristernia. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Lirately ridged or striated. le D,. Ino. Spirally furrowed. 2. D. cingulata, 1. Dennantia Ino, 7. Woods. Pl. xii., figs. la—le and 3. Fusus Ino, Zenison-Woods, Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., vol. iv., p- 18, tab. 3, fig. 10, 1879. Shell elongate-turriculate, rather stout; whorls eight and a half, of moderate increase, ending a rather large obtuse apex of two and a half smooth tumid whorls with the tip depressed and centrally immersed. Anterior whor]s convex, suture well impressed, encircled with slender, acute lire (about seven on the penultimate whorl, but the number is very variable), the wide interspaces with spiral threads and microscopic transverse closely-set strie, arched growth-lines and indistinct folds occur at irregular intervals. Body whorl! regularly convex to the basal keel, then suddenly contracted into a moderately long twisted beak. Aperture ovate; outer lip thin, interrupted by the projection of the basal keel, behind which it is slightly incurved, lirate within ; inner lip defined behind by an impressed line continued to near the extremity of the canal, provided with an oblique fold arising from a short denticle at the junction with the canal. Length, 26°5; breadth, 10; length of aperture 8, of canal 6. Localities —One of the commonest fossils in the lower beds at Muddy Creek ; blue clays at Schnapper Point; Gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. Mr. Tenison- Woods founded this species on a young example K 162 with much of the outer lip broken away, and as the whole as- pect is so totally different from a perfect matured shell it was needful to refigure the species, and for this purpose I selected a specimen which agreed the best with the original diagnosis. The species 1s subject to much variation ; examples from the River Murray Cliffs are much shorter and broader than the type, an extreme form having a breadth equal to half the length. Fig. 3 on tab. 12 represents a variety common at Schnapper Point, in which the encircling ridges are very promi- nent and angular, and somewhat roughened by the intercross- ing of growth-folds. 2. Dennantia cingulata. Plate xii., figs. 2 and 5a—5b. A rather more slender form than D. Jno, with linear encire- ling furrows. In the form represented by fig. 2, the broad sur- face is simply scored by lines, whilst in the form represented by fig. 5 the grooving is deep and moderately broad, though not so wide as the rounded ridges. Now and again a thread ap- pears in the furrows. Locality.—Blue clays, Schnapper Point. GENus LEUCOZONIA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Shell pyriform ; spiral strie microscopic. 1. ZL. micronema. Shell ovate-globose ; spiral ornament of fine distant threads and strie. 2. L. staminea. Shell globosely turbinate; lire stout, close. 3. L. tumida. 1. Leucozonia micronema, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 12. Shell small, pyriformly ovate, apex mamillate of one and a half whorls, the tip obliquely depressed. Whorls below the apex three, slightly overlapping behind, concealing the suture; microscopically wavy-striated in a spiral direction, the striz hardly visible on the base of the last whorl; marked trans- versely by striz and linear folds of growth. Aperture elongate-oval ; outer lip lirate within, margin (?) ; columella with six narrow, nearly transverse plaits, rather close together, decreasing in size from the front, the anterior one much the largest ; canal short, stout, wide, straight, a little upturned at the end. Length, 11; breadth, 6; length of canal and aperture, 8. Locality.— Blue clays at Schnapper Point. This httle fossil is apparently congeneric with Buccinum rostratum, Wood, the generic position of which is very doubt- ful, but placed by Gray in his genus Lewcozonia under the sub- generic title of Lagena. 163 2. Leucozonia staminea, spec. nov. PI. ix., fig. 13. Shell small, ovately globose, apex a little eccentric, mamil- late of one and a half whorls, flattened down at the tip. Whorls below the apex four; ornamented with distant, slender spiral threads, the interspaces about 1 mill. wide on the body whorl, occupied by close fine striz ; a few of the lire towards the base are irregularly granulated. Aperture oval; outer lip thin, lirate within ; columella with three close, equal, slightly oblique plaits at the front, each ending in a tooth-like projec- tion, a narrow umbilical chink behind the pillar; canal short, bent to the left, and reverted. Length, 12; breadth, 7°5; length of aperture and canal, 8. Locality.— Blue clays at Schnapper Point. 3. Leucozonia tumida, spec. nov. Pl. xiii., fig. 2. Shell small G@mmature?), globosely turbinate, ventricose; apex mamillate of two subglobose whorls; whorls four in all; last whorl ventricose, with equidistant angular threads, finely eancellated in the furrows by two or three spiral threadlets and transverse strie. Outer lp faintly lirate within; three nearly equal sized plaits at the fore part of the columella; canal short, much twisted, and reverted. Length, 10'5; breadth, 7°5 ; length of aperture and canal, 8. Locality Lower beds at Muddy Creek. (J. Dennant /). GENUS ZEMIRA. 1. Zemira precursoria, spec. nov. Plate xi., fig. 5. Shell ovate, stout ; whorls five and a half, ending in a smooth mamillate apex, rounded, deeply channelled at the suture; sculptured with revolving incised lines (about ten on the penultimate whorl), the posterior of which are more prominent; whole surface slightly wrinkled and striated transversely. Last whorl with a revolving channel in an alignment with the posterior angle of the aperture, and terminating at the anterior third of the outer lip in a tooth-like projection ; in front of the channel are six prominent, rounded, spiral ribs _ much wider than the interspaces, whilst the posterior area is sculptured as the penultimate whorl. Aperture ovate, slightly angulated posteriorly; inner lip with a slight callous extension, partially concealing the narrow umbilicus, which is margined by a strong, rounded, striated rib; columella smooth, compressed, terminating in a transverse tooth-like fold; anterior canal reduced to a mere notch; outer lip thin, the part anterior to the tooth-like projection is erenately wrinkled. 164 Length, 21; breadth, 13; length of aperture, 14. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !). The discovery of a fossil species of Zemira is of interest from the circumstance that the genus has hitherto been known by one species, Z. australis, Sow., inhabiting the temperate seas of Eastern Australia, from which it differs by its longer spire and narrower body whorl, narrower sutural sulcus, and by the more pronounced encircling ridges. Genus PISANIA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Turriculate, slenderly cancellate, canal long. ite P. rostrata. Ovate-fusiform, coarsely canceliate, whorls convex. 2. £P. semicostata. thick oblique coste, whorls convex. 3. P. obliquecostata- whorls bicarinate, cancellated. 4. BP. purpuroides. Ovate-conical, strongly costated and lirate, margined at the suture. 5. P. bregts. 1. Pisania rostrata, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 10. Shell elongate-ovate, fusiform, with a high conical spire, abruptly attenuated at the base into a stout beak (long for the genus). Apex very small of two rounded whorls, the tip obliquely depressed. Whorls below the apex six, convex, spirally lirate with depressed rounded threads alternately large and small (about 20 on the penultimate whorl!) ; posterior whorls with crowded slender coste#, about 24 on the ante- penultimate whorl, which vanish at the penultimate whorl. Last whorl varicosely dilated behind the aperture; base rounded, rather sharply contracted into a broad, slightly oblique, much-upturned beak. Aperture oval-oblong ; outer lip with a thin margin, strongly ridged within; inner lp with a circumscribed callous cover continued down the pillar, behind which is a shallow narrow groove ; a bifid callosity on the body wall near the posterior angle of the aperture; a strong oblique plait ends in a blunt tooth-like projection at the top of the canal. Length, 25; breadth, 10; length of aperture, 8; of canal, 5. Locality —Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !) This species 1s conspicuous amongst living congeners by its abruptly contracted base and long beak. 2. Pisania semicostata, spec. nov. Plate iv., fig. 9. Shell oblong-fusiform, similar to P. rostrata, with more 165 rapidly increasing whorls, base less abruptly attenuated, canal shorter, coste fewer and stouter. Whorls below the apex four, cost slightly curved, rounded, about as wide as the interspaces, 16 on the penultimate whorl, obsolete or only faintly developed on the body whorl. Length, 19°5: breadth, 85; length of aperture, 7; of canal, 3. Locality Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !). 3. Pisania obliquecostata, spec. nov. Plate ix., fig. 7. Shell small, narrow-ovate, thick ; whorls five, slightly convex, strongly costated and lirate. Coste rather narrow, rounded, high, distant, oblique, about eight to a whorl; lire stout, dis- tant, four on the penultimate whorl, more or less tuberculated on the coste. Aperture varicosely dilated; six stout denticles within the outer lip ; columella truncated by an oblique fold; canal short, stout, a httle oblique. Length, 7; breadth, 3; length of aperture and canal, 3:5. Locality Upper beds at Muddy Creek. 4, Pisania purpuroides, Johnston. Plate xi. fig. 6. Ricinula purpuroides, R. M. Johnston, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tas- mania for 1879, p. 33. Shell small, solid, obtusely and narrowly ovate. Whorls six, those of the spire obtusely angulated and bicarinated, with an impressed suture, transversely costated, spirally lirate, and finely cancellated between the coste. There are two strong encircling carinz, one median and a second about midway to the anterior suture, whilst a third, less prominent, is at the posterior suture ; in the concave interspaces between the lire there are one, two, or three fine spiral threads. Last whorl moderately convex, with about seven equal and equidistant stout lire, having about three threads in each in- terspace. The costz (eleven on the penultimate and eight on the body whorl) are raised into blunt nodulations at the points of inter- section with the stouter lire. Aperture narrowly ovate; outer lp varicosely dilated be- hind, slightly crenulated on the acute margin, and with seven tooth-like ridges within; inner lip spreading over the columella and thinly continuous with the outer lip, with one elongated plication near the posterior angulation and about eight small irregular callosities thence to the point of the pillar. Canal short, wide, oblique, and slightly reverted. Length, 12; breadth, 6; length of aperture and canal, 7. Locality—Table Cape, Tasmania (2. IL. Johnston !); lower beds at Muddy Creek. 166 5. Pisania brevis, spec. nov. Pl. ix., fig. 8. Shell ovately conical; whorls six, angularly convex, a little contracted in front, strongly costated and lirate. Coste narrow, acutely rounded, distant, slightly oblique, about ten to a whorl, more or less crenulated by the lire. Lire on the body whorl alternately stout and slender, two very stout ones on the angulation; suture margined by two con- fluent lire. Aperture somewhat varicosely dilated; outer lip lrate within ; columella truncated by an oblique fold behind, which is denticulated ; canal short, stout, slightly oblique. Length, 10; breadth, 55; length of aperture and canal, 6. Locality.—Upper and lower beds at Muddy Creek. Genus CaNTHARUS. 1. Cantharus varicosus, spec. nov. Plate viii., fig. 10. Shell ovate, subfusiform, whorls five and a half, flatly con- vex, variced, of rapid increase, apex of one anda half small ~ smooth rounded whorls, the tip immersed. Posterior whorls spirally deeply grooved; anterior whorls with thick spiral ridges, about eight on the penultimate whorl, broken up into thick, elongate, regularly disposed granules, with a slender thread in the narrow interspaces ; on the body whorl the granulation is not so regular, and the interstitial thread is conspicuous. Varices five. Aperture oblong; outer lip varicosely dilated, margin sharp, with a thick, stoutly denticulate band within, the front sharply curved to the snort, sinistrally curved, emarginate beak ; inner lip and pillar with a thin porcellanous coat tuberculate all over. Length, 17°5; breadth, 9°5; length of aperture and canal, 12. Locality.—Turritella-clays, Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay. Genus PuHos. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Apex acutely conical. Whorls convex, a little flatted behind. 1. P. tardicrescens. Apex subcylindrical or turbinate. Whorls convex, not shouldered. Coste slender, lire strong. 2. P. lirecostatus. Coste feeble, lire faint. 3. LP. cominelloides. Coste and lire strong. 4. P. Gregsont. Whorls shouldered and tuberculated. 5. P. tuberculatus. Apex mamillate, obtuse. Whorls tabulated, aperture variced. 6. P. variciferus. 167 1. Phos tardicrescens, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 12. Shell pyramidal, stout, whorls eleven, convex, closely ribbed and lirate ; apex conical of five smooth slightly convex whorls of very slow increase. Whorls below those of the apex of very slow increase, the posterior ones narrow, and regularly convex, gradually be- coming more and more depressed behind. Last whorl small and narrow, with a high slightly declining and rounded shoulder defined by a blunt angulation; base short, rounded, ending in a short, strongly twisted, reverted beak. Transverse ribs slightly oblique, low, broadish, elevated at the shoulder of the anterior whorls into ill-defined cuneate tubercles, 14 to a whorl. The spiral ornament cosists of about 20 thin threads, unequal and inequidistant with wider inter- spaces ; the intercostal spaces are rudely cancellated. Aperture round; outer lip thin, with about 20 spiral ridges within. Length, 21; breadth, 11; length of aperture and canal, 10. Locality.—Lower beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant !). 2. Phos lireecostatus, T. Woods. Plate xi., fig. 12. Cominella lyrecostata, 7. Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasm., for 1876, p. 108. Shell long, narrow, fusiform, closely and narrowly ribbed, conspicuously lirate ; whorls eight, flatly convex; apex blunt, turbinated of three rounded smooth whorls, the anterior two high, the terminal one small. Whorls below the apex short and convex, of very slow in- crease ; suture deep and margined. Last whorl small, with a longish rounded base, ending in a twisted, slightly reverted beak. Transverse ribs narrow, rounded, crenulated, about 16 to a whorl, more conspicuous on the posterior whorls, almost obso- lete on the last whorl. Lire very prominent, distant, six to ten on the penultimate whorl; intercostal spaces finely can- cellate. Aperture oval ; outer lip acute, faintly lirate within. Length, 19; breadth, 7; length of aperture and canal, 7. Locality.—Table Cape (&. IZ. Johnston !). 3. Phos cominelloides, spec. nov. Plate iv., fig. 11. Shell elongate-pyramidal ; whorls seven and a half, convex, distantly ribbed and faintly lirate; apex blunt, conoidally cylindrical, of three and a half smooth whorls. Whorls below those of the apex narrow at first, flatly convex, increasing in convexity towards the front, with a slight narrow concave depression in front of the suture, defined by a blunt angu- lation. 168 Last whorl small, with a rather short rounded base ending in a twisted reverted, emarginate beak. Transverse ribs, narrow, rounded, ill-defined, except on the posterior whorls, about 12 to a whorl. Spiral lire thick, depressed, inconspicuous, about seven on the medial and pos- terior areas of the penultimate whorl; obsolete on the middle of the last whorl, but prominent on its base. Whole surface closely transversely striated. Aperture oval; outer lip thin, slightly insinuated behind the shoulder, without, about 20 slender spiral ridges within. Length, 20; breadth, 8; length of aperture and canal, 10. Locality —Lower beds at Muddy Creek. 4. Phos Gregsoni, spec. nov. Shell similar to P. cominelloides, but the whorls are sub- angularly convex by reason of the largely developed coste ; the basal whorl is narrower, and the apex is different, which consists of three high turbinated whorls, and is rendered con- spicuous by the disproportionate increase in size of the whorl next below it. The coste are rounded, distant, eight to a whorl, vanishing behind the shoulder, but are continued to the base of the body whorl. Spiral lire, about six, depressed, equal and equidistant on the posterior slope of the penultimate whorl, about twelve alternately large and small on the rest of the whorl. Outer lip not insinuated behind the shoulder. Length, 19; breadth, 85; length of aperture and canal, 8°'5. Localities—Jemmy’s Point and Cunninghame, Gippsland (W. H. Gregson!). Species-name in compliment to Mr. Gregson, of Bairnsdale, to whom I am indebted for the gift of this and other species of the Gippsland Tertiary beds. 5. Phos tuberculatus, spec. nov. Plate x., fig. 5. Shell ovately pyramidal, stout, costated and lirate, with a rather high gradated spire, ending in a subcylindrical apex of three smooth whorls. Whorls below the apex, five, of rather rapid increase, short, with a high rounded shoulder concave behind. Coste, about 11 to a whorl, thick, rounded, equidistant, pro- minent only on the angulation, faintly prolonged to the anterior suture of the spire whorls; crenulated by conspicuous lire ; lire on body whorl confined to the angulation and to the base. Aperture oblong; outer lip acute, smooth within; beak short, twisted, reverted, and emarginate. Length, 22; breadth, 10°5; length of aperture and canal, 11. Locality — Upper beds at Muddy Creek (J. Dennant!). 169 6. Phos (?) variciferus, spec. nov. PI. xi., fig. 3. Shell turriculate, with a high gradated spire, ending in a small obtuse apex of one and a half convex whorls, the extreme tip of which is somewhat obliquely flattened down. Whorls below those of the apex six, of very slow increase, sharply angled a little beyond the middle, with a straight up- ward slope ‘to the posterior suture, slightly contracted into the anterior suture. Spiral lire, thick, rounded, five on the posterior slope and about eight stronger ones on the front, crossed by close-set fine strie. Transverse coste, slender, sharp, bent at the keel, about 20 to a whorl, raised into small, blunt knobs on the keel and crenulated by the lire, especially on the anterior.slope; on the last whorl the coste descend from the keel ina sigmoid curve to the beak. Last whorl variced immediately behind the outer lip, and besides there are variceal imbrications, usually about two toa whorl. Aperture narrow oblong; outer lip thin, faintly lirate within ; inner lip continuous with the outer lip at all stages of growth, its edge upraised, markedly so on the pillar, with an umbilicai chink at the origin of the canal, smooth within. Canal short, open, twisted to the left and much reverted. Length, 22; breadth, 95; length of canal and aperture, TPs: Localities—Lower beds at Muddy Creek; blue clays at Schnapper Point ; Gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan. The genus under which to class this species has been selected with some hesitation. Its shape and variceal characters ap- proach it to Epidromus, particularly through 2. turritus, mihi, but the distortion of the short beak is adverse to such associa- tion. The entire peristome and variced outer lip suggest a reference to Nassaria, which has, however, teeth on the pillar and much different shape; with Phos it agrees in contour and in the short twisted beak, but it lacks the characteristic basal groove of the pillar, and otherwise differs by its variced and entire aperture. FAMILY NASSINA. Genus NASSA. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. Inner lip with a rugose callus; outer lip denticulated within, with a marginal varix (subg. Hima). 1. N. Tatet. Inner and outer lips smooth; variced externally (subg. PHRONTIS). 2. IV. crassigranosa. 170 Inner lip with a large rugose callus; outer lip dentate, not variced externally (subg. Nrorma). 3. N. sublirella. 1. Nassa Tatei, 7. Woods. Plate xii., fig. 9. Nassa Tatei, Tenison Woods, Proc. Lin. Soc. N.S.W., vol. iii., p. 230, t. 21, fig. 18, 1878; id. vol. iv., t. 2, £. 2, 1879. Shell ovate or elongate-ovate of eight regularly increasing whorls; apex mamillate of four smooth regular whorls; the rest of the spire whorls regularly convex, with an impressed suture, cancellated with sharp raised coste and flat spiral lire granulated at the intersections. There are about 15 to 20 coste on the penultimate whorl, but rapidly diminish in num- ber posteriorly ; there are seven principal lire on the penulti- mate whorl, sometimes with a thread in one or more of the interspaces, the two contiguous lire next the suture are usually less stout than the rest. Aperture oblong-ovate, the outer lip being narrowly trun- cate at the front. Outer lip with a marginal varix, but elong- ate examples, such as figured by me, have a varix at or about in an alignment with the columella, inner lip expanded and re- flected with a conspicuous posterior plait, and one or more rugosities at the front. Length, from 7°5 to 8°5; breadth, 3°5. Localities—Lower beds, very rare in upper beds, at Muddy Creek ; Gastropod-bed of the River Murray Cliffs, near Mor- gan; blue clays at Schnapper Point, Port Philip. This species is the fossil analogue of WV. compacta, Angas, which is the Australian representative of the European NV. inerassata. N. Tatet is more elevated, has numerous and finer costulations than WV. compacta, and moreover has a large pullus of four whorls, and not of two. Professor Hutton in Proc. Lin. Soc., N.S.W., 1886, p. 481, has referred his NV. socialis to this species; but the two shells are distinct; the New Zealand fossil has the whorls chanelled at the suture, and has usually only four lire on the penultimate whorl, of which the one next to the posterior suture is small; other less con- spicuous distinctive characters are present. The illustration of this species by Mr. Woods on plate 21, fig. 13, op. cit., is very imperfect, but that on plate 2, fig. 2, op. cit., very well represents an exceedingly immature shell. The figure accompanying this description is that of a senile ex- ample of rather unusual length. 2. Nassa crassigranosa, spec. nov. Pl. xii., figs. 6a, 6b. Shell stout, ovately conical ; spire regular (except in senile examples) of rapidly decreasing subgradated whorls; apex acute, of two smooth minute whorls. Whorls 7; the ordinary spire 171 whorls convexly angular, with three nodular bands, one at the posterior suture, one median, and the third at about half the distance between the keel and the anterior suture. Last whorl transversely obliquely costated and nodulated by spiral ridges. Coste about 10—12; lire eight, the one next the suture is separated from the keel by a wider space than that which intervenes between the succeeding ones. Aperture oval, large, variced externally; outer lip smooth within ; inner lip smooth, slightly reflected, callously extending posteriorly ; columella sharply and obliquely truncated. Senile examples occur which have added another whorl (as: fig. 6b), and by reason of the posterior varix has a somewhat distorted spire. Dimensions of an ordinary full grown example—Length, 14; breadth, 8'5. Of a senile example—Leneth, 17; breadth, 10. Localities —One of the most characteristic fossils in the upper beds at Muddy Creek, very rare and small in the uppermost portion of the lower series; Jemmy’s Point, Cunninghame and other localities in Gippsland (W. H. Gregson !). This species seems to resemble WV. granifer, Kiener, but the callus of the inner lip is very restricted. 3. Nasa sublirella, spec. nov. Shell small, ovate, with the coste cut into nodules by revolving ridges, four on the penultimate whorl; outer lip tuberculate within, the posterior tubercle much larger than the rest ; inner lip callously reflected, tuberculate. It resembles stumpy specimens of WV. lyrella, Beck, but the body whorl is not so inflated, and the spire is longer; the spiral ribs on the body whorl! are usually eight, not ten, and the nodulations are larger and well defined, not confluent, as is generally the case in WV. lyrella ; and whilst in the latter species the cost towards the lip usually fade away before reaching the base, in the fossil species they are continued to the base. Length, 95; breadth, 6. Locality—Upper beds at Muddy Creek. EXPLANATION OF PILATES. N.B.—The figures are of the natural sizes, except when otherwise stated. ; Plate I. 1. Typhis disjunctus, Zafe. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. 2. Typhis acanthopterus, Tate. Schnapper Point. Enlarged. 3. Murex (Ocinebra) biconicus, Zate. Murray Desert. pos LI HOMO DNAN & Ot Dito =e eens OOO N MOO ONTO Or Ht GObS jt pas 172 . Murex (Pteronotus) trinodosus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. Murex (Ocinebra) prionotus, Zate. Adelaide. Enlarged. Typhis evaricosus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Murex (Pteronotus) rhysus, Zate. Schnapper Point. . Murex (Pteronotus) velificus, Zute. Schnapper Point. Murex (Pteronotus) manubriatus, Zate. Adelaide. Typhis laciniatus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Murex (Pteronotus) calvus, Tate. Aldinga. . Murex (Pteronotus) bifrons, Zate. Adelaide. Plate II. . Trophon hypsellus, Zate. Adelaide. Much enlarged. . Murex (Ocinebra) tridentatus, Yate. Aldinga. Much enlarged. . Trophon icosiphyllus, Tate. Adelaide. Much enlarged. . Murex (Chicoreus) Adelaidensis, Tate. Adelaide. En- larged. . Murex (Chicoreus) lophessus, Zate. Schnapper Point. . Murex (Chicoreus) tenuicornis, Yate. Adelaide. En- larged. . Murex (Chicoreus) Dennanti, Tate. Muddy Creek. Slightly enlarged. . Rapana aculeata, Tate. Schnapper Point. . Murex (Chicoreus) basicinctus, Tate. R. Murray Cliffs. . Murex (Rhinacantha) asteriscus, Jute. Muddy Creek. Slightly enlarged. . Murex (Rhinacantha) pachystirus, Tate. R. Murray Cliffs. Slightly enlarged. . Murex (Chicoreus) amblyceras, Yate. Schnapper Point. Shghtly enlarged. Prave £0f, . Murex (Ocinebra) asperulus. Zute. Schnapper Point. . Murex (Ocinebra) camplytropis, Tate. Schnapper Point. . Murex (Phyllonotus) sublevis, Tate. Aldinga. . Murex (Ocinebra) monotropis, Tate. Adelaide. Mach enlarged. . Murex (Ocinebra) crassiliratus, Zate. Muddy Creek. En- larged. . Murex (Chicoreus) Hamiltonensis, Zate. Muddy Creek. Sipho labrosus, Zute. Enlarged. Muddy Creek. Sipho crebrigranosus, Zate. Enlarged. Muddy Creek. Fusus incompositus, Zate. Aldinga. Enlarged. . Fusus Aldingensis, Tate. Aldinga. Enlarged. . Fusus tholoides, Zate. Enlarged. CO ATH OVE O9 NO fed oo) bot e 173 . Murex (Ocinebra) alveolatus, Zate. Muddy Creek.. Much enlarged. . Murex (Ocinebra) trochispira, Zuate. Muddy Creek. Much enlarged. . Typhis tripterus, Tate. Adelaide. . Fusus hexagonalis, Zate. Muddy Creek. 6, Apex enlarged. Prate LV. . Bela sculptilis, Zate. Muddy Creek. 6, Ornament on shoulder enlarged. . Bela pulchra, Zuate. Muddy Creek. 6, Ornament on shoulder enlarged. . Bela Woodsii, Yate (Cominella cancellata, Woods). Table Cape. . Epidromus turritus, Tate. Muddy Creek. Siphonaha spatiosa, Tate. Muddy Creek. Epidromus citharellus, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Bela crassilirata, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Murex (Phyllonotus) Eyrei, Z. Woods. Muddy Creek. b, Sculpture, and c, apex much enlarged. . Pisania semicostata, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Epidromus leptoskeles, Tate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Phos cominelloides, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Cominella pumila, Tate. Adelaide. Enlarged. . Murex (Pteronotus) didymus, Zate. Schnapper Point. Puate V. Triton armatus, Tate. Murray Desert. . Triton tumulosus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Triton annectans, Tate. Muddy Creek. Triton Woodsii, Tate. Muddy Creek. 06. Apex enlarged. Tritron cribrosus, Zate. Adelaide. . Triton Woodsu, var., Tate. River Murray Cliffs. . Triton tortirostris, Zate. Schnapper Point. Triton radialis, Tate. River Murray Cliffs. . Triton gibbus, Zate. Schnapper Point. . Triton protensus, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Triton cyphus, Tate. Schnapper Point. . Triton textilis, Zate. Muddy Creek. Prate VI. . Peristernia interlineata, Tate. Muddy Creek. Slightly en- larged. . Trophon torquatus, Zate. Aldinga. a. The shell much enlarged; 6. Apex magnified. . Murex (Chicoreus) irregularis, Zuate. Muddy Creek. Shghtly enlarged. fal co) ba hoe hs OODNTSE ARWNH . Peristernia Aldingensis, Zute. a I COO DNAURWNH 174 . Vitularia curtansata, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Sipho asperulus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Ranella (Argobuccinum) Prattii, Z. Woods. Muddy Creek. . Triton oligostirus, Tate. Adelaide. Enlarged. . Triton gemmulatus, Zute. Muddy Creek. a. Enlarged ; b. Maenitied ornament. . Triton sexcostatus, Tate. Aldinga. Enlarged. . Epidromus texturatus, Zate. Schnapper Point. 6. Orna- ment enlarged. . Epidromus nodulatus, Tate. Adelaide. Enlarged. . Epidromus tenuicostatus, 7. Woods. Muddy Creek. En- larged. PratEe VII. . Fusus spiniferus, Zate. River Murray Cliffs. . Fusus dictyotis, Zate. Schnapper Point. . Fusus senticosus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Slightly enlarged. . Fusus craspedotus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Fusus aciformis, Zute. Schnapper Point. 6. Magnified ornament. . Fusus dictyotis, var., Zate. River Murray Cliffs. . Fusus acanthostephes, Zate. Schnapper Point. . Fusus bulbodes, Yate. Schnapper Point. . Pseudovaricia mirabilis, Zute. Muddy Creek. 6. Apex enlarged. . Fusus foliaceus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Plate VIII. . Fasciolaria decipiens, Zate. Muddy Creek. . Fasciolaria cryptoploca, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Fasciolaria rugata, Tate. Schnapper Point. Fasciolaria cristata, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Siphonalia lamellifera, Tate. Schnapper Point. . Fasciolaria concinna, Tate. Schnapper Point. Peristernia Morundiana, Yate. River Murray Cliffs. , Aldinga; 6, variety, Adelaide. . Fusus cochleatus, Zate. Aldinga. . Cantharus varicosus, Tate. Aldinga. . Peristernia lintea, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Peristernia subundulosa, Tate. Muddy Creek. Plate IX. . Fusus dumetosus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Peristernia approximans, Tate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Peristernia purpuroides, Tate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. CH Oboe Vole oS ion on NACE 175 . Triton ovoideus, Zute. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Triton intercostalis, Zute. Muddy Creek. Trophon anceps, Fate. Aldinga. Slightly enlarged. . Pisania obliquecostata, Zate. Muddy Creek. Much en- larged. . Pisania brevis, Tate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Trophon brevicaudatus, Fate. Muddy Creek. Much en- larged. . Peristernia actinostephes, Zute. Adelaide. Much en- larged. . Cominella pertusa, Tate. Adelaide. Much enlarged. . Leucozonia micronema, Tate. Schnapper Point. Enlarged. . Leucozonia staminea, Tate. Schnapper Point. Enlarged. . Peristernia apicilirata, Tate. Adelaide. Much enlarged. PLATE X. . Peristernia altifrons, Tate. River Murray Cliffs. . Fusus simulans, Zuée. River Murray Cliffs. @, Young shell enlarged ; 6, spire of older shell, natural size. . Fasciolaria exilis, Zate. River Murray Cliffs. Enlarged. Cominella crassina, Tate. Muddy Creek. Phos tuberculatus, Late. Muddy Creek. Slightly en- larged. . Cominella subfilicea, Zute. Aldinga. Slightly enlarged. . Tudicula turbinata, Tate. River Murray Cliffs. . Tudicula costata, Zate. Murray Desert. . Tudicula angulata. Tate. Muddy Creek. . Pisania rostrata, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Trophon mangelioides, Zute. River Murray Cliffs. Much enlarged. . Phos tardicrescens, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Fusus sculptilis, Zate. Adelaide. Much enlarged. . Murex minutus, Johnston. Table Cape. Much enlarged. PratrEe XI. . Cominella Clelandi, Tate. Aldinga. . Melanopsis Pomahaka, Hutton. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Phos (?) variciferus, Zate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. Triton crassicostatus, Tate. Table Cape. Enlarged. . Zemira precursoria, Tate. Muddy Creek. Slightly en- larged. Pisania purpuroides, Johnston. Table Cape. Enlarged. . Peristernia affinis, Zute. Table Cape. Slightly enlarged. . Siphonaha longirostris, Zate. Schnapper Point. . Murex (Phyllonotus) Legrandi, 7 Woods. Table Cape. Shghtly enlarged. 176 10. Peristernia transenna, 7. Woods. Table Cape. Slightly enlarged. 11. Epidromus Tasmanicus, Johnston. Table Cape. a, En- larged ; 6, magnified ornament. 12. Phos lirecostatus, 7. Woods. Table Cape. Slightly en- larged. Prate XII. 1. Dennantia Ino, 7 Woods. Muddy Creek. 6, Apex en- larged; ec, Side view of outer hp, much enlarged. 2. Dennantia cingulata; var, Zate. Schnapper Point. 3. Dennantia Ino ; var, Tate. Muddy Creek. 4. Fusus Johnstoni, 7. Woods. Table Cape. a, Adult; 3, Young shell (type spec.), slightly enlarged. 5. Dennantia cingulata, Tate. Schnapper Point. 6, Enlarged ornament. 6. Nassa crassigranosa, Zate. Muddy Creek. a, Adult, en- larged ; 6, Senile example. . Ricinula subreticulata, Tate. Muddy Creek. Enlarged. . Purpura abjecta, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Nasa Tatei, 7. Woods. Muddy Creek. Senile example, enlarged. . Voluta uncifera, Tate. River Murray Cliffs. . Voluta McDonaldi, Tate. Schnapper Point. (A very young shell, with one ordinary spire-whorl.) . Lyria harpularia, Zate. Muddy Creek. PratE XIII. . Cominella Clelandi, Tate. Haliett Cove. . Leucozonia tumida, Tate. Muddy Creek. Much enlarged. . Voluta tabulata, Tate. Murray Desert. . Voluta ellipsoidea, Zate. Muddy Creek. . Fusus Tateanus, 7. Woods. Table Cape. . Voluta pseudolirata, Zate. Muddy Creek. . Voluta pagodoides, Zate. Aldinga. . Voluta (Volutoconus) limbata, Zafe. Schnapper Point. 6, Sculpture, magnified. . Voluta (Volutoconus) conoidea, Tate. Muddy Creek. . Voluta cathedralis, Tate. Muddy Creek. © ont be io) pr i) oO © COT OP CNW re a — ERRATA. Page 92. Under Typhis disjunctus, for fig. 14 read fig. 1. Page 104. Under Murex Legrandi, for fig. 8 read fig, 9. Page 121. Under Triton armatus for fig. 3 read fig. 1. 177 FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. [Read October 4, 1887.] By tHe Rev. T. Buacksurn, B.A. The following paper is partly supplementary to the series of papers that I have read before the Royal Society during the year, but I take the opportunity its publication affords to furnish descriptions of new species that have recently come under my notice. I have lately had the advantage of receiving a communi- cation from my friend, D. Sharp, Esq., M.D., of Shirley Warren, near Southampton, England, President of the Ent. Society of London, relative to a number of types that I forwarded to him some time ago, and also to some of the series of memoirs that I have read before the Royal Society. As Dr. Sharp’s standing among students of entomology is so high that he is probably generally regarded as “ facile princeps’’ of liv- ing coleopterists, I have received his notes and determinations with extreme interest, and am glad to have received them in time to correct in this present volume of our transactions two errors that they have brought to my notice in my previous papers—one the application to a new genus of a name that was already in use, the other the description by me as new of a species that M. Fauvel had already described in the Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 1877. In correcting the latter (see below) I have explained why I failed to identify my insect with M. Fauvel’s. CARABIDAL. (Sus-Fam. ScarivTIpZ&.) EPILECTUS gen. nov. I offer this name as a substitute for Hurygnathus (vid. ant. p- 12) which, Dr. Sharp points out, is already in use for a genus of Carabide. (Sus-Fam. CRATOCERIDZ). PHORTICOSOMUS. In characterising this genus, Dr. Schaum states that the ab- breviated scutellar elytral stria is absent. This, however, does not appear to be strictly correct. In most examples of P. feliz, Sch. (the type of the genus), I find traces of it, generally amourting to no more than an impression at the extreme base, . but- sometimes being more prolonged, and in several other L 178 species of the genus it is almost well-defined in some speci- mens. In all the species of the genus known to me there is a distinct elytral impression on the third interstice, behind the middle, but I have seen occasionally examples in which it is hardly to be discerned; also, I find that under a strong lens the anterior tibie are crenulate on the lower part of their exterior margin. The under surface and femora are dotted very thinly with extremely long hairs. P. mucronatus, sp. nov. Rufo-piceus, prothorace (marginibus lateralibus exceptis) et capite obscurioribus ; illi angulis posticis acutis subdentiformibus ; elytris apice submucro- natis, minus fortiter striatis, interstitiis planis antice, postice subconvexis. Long., 6 1. The thorax is widest a little in front of the middle, with its lateral margins rather strongly rounded and quite widely re- flexed (considerably more so than in P. felix, Schaum), and has a feeble impression on either side at the base, with scarcely any puncturation; the anterior angles are strongly produced. The apex of the elytra is produced in a conspicuous manner. A specimen has been sent to me by Mr. Rothe, of Sedan, and there is another (badly crushed and useless as a type) in the South Australian Museum, taken at Parallana by Mr. C. M. Bagot, from which, however, I have described the colours, as the specimen from Mr. Rothe appears to be immature, and is much paler. P. brunneus, sp. nov. Rufo-brunneus vel piceus, antennis palpis pedibusque dilutioribus ; prothorace canaliculato, antice bi- sinuato, postice angustato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris fortiter striatis. Long. 42—5 1. Brown, inclining to reddish, or to pitchy; legs palpi and antenne uniformly paler. Head, across the eyes, a ttle wider than the base of the thorax. Thorax transverse, widest in front of the middle, scarcely half again as wide as long, faintiy channelled (the channel reaching neither the base nor apex) ; the anterior margin bisinuate, considerably wider (7.e., as 4 to 3i) than the base; sides rather strongly rounded, scarcely sinuate just before the base, with a narrow reflexed margin ; base very gently emarginate ; anterior angles not prominent; posterior angles very obtuse, but not quite rounded off; the region of the posterior angles explanate, with the margin con- siderably turned up; across the thorax, just in front of the base, is a transverse depression, which is separated from the extreme base (except close to the posterior angles) by a narrow portion which is not depressed and into which the central longitudinal channel does not penetrate; in the transverse de- pression there are some obscure wrinkles, and the explanate 179 region of the posterior angles is occupied by some rather close ill-defined puncturation ; there is an obscure curved impression across the middle of the front part of the thorax which forms the anterior limit of the longitudinal channel. The elytra are regularly and rather strongly striated, with the abbreviated stria represented (in the specimens before me) only by a fovea at the extreme base; the interstices are wide, almost quite flat near the front, but become narrower, and convex, behind, the third interstice bearing a well marked puncture behind the middle. This insect is extremely close to P. felix, Schaum, which is described very briefly and unsatisfactorily by its author. The figure supplementing the description, however, has enabled me to identify as that species an example sent to me from Melbourne, and there is another much damaged specimen in the South Australian Museum. P. brunneus differs from felix in being a little narrower, with the antenne uniformly tes- taceous red, instead of pitchy with the base paler ; its thorax is not quite so strongly transverse, and is much more narrowed behind, with the edges of the explanate part near the posterior angles more turned up. In felix, moreover, the declivous hind portion of the thorax continues evenly to the extreme base and is much more strongly and closely wrinkled. Lyndoch Valley.. Taken by Mr. Tepper. P. similis, sp. nov. Brunneus, antennis palpis pedibusque palli- dioribus ; prothorace vix canaliculato, antice vix bisinuato, cordato, angulis anticis haud productis, posticis acute rectis ; elytris minus fortiter striatis, interstitiis planis. Long. 5 1. Head, across the eyes, slightly narrower than the base of the thorax. Thorax transverse, widest in front of the middle, about half again as wide as long, very feebly channelled ; anterior margin scarcely wider than base; a transverse curved depression well marked in the front; sides strongly rounded in front, becoming straight just before the base; margins narrow and but little explanate behind; surface almost abso- lutely devoid of puncturation. Elytra rather feebly striated, the interstices almost perfectly flat even to the apex. This insect resembles P. mucronatus, but besides the elytra being normal at the apex, the thorax isa little narrower be- hind, with the anterior angles not prominent, the sides much more narrowly margined and the posterior angles slightly less sharp. There is a single specimen in the South Australian Museum. Tt was taken, almost certainly, in South Australia, but I can- not ascertain exactly in what locality. 180 (Sus-Fams. ANISODACTYLIDE AND HARPALIDZ.) The classification of the Australian insects of these groups is in a state of great confusion; nor am I able to do very much towards clearing up the difficulty. The great obstacle consists in the unsatisfactory nature of most of the descriptions that have been published, which renders the identification of the insects they refer to very doubtful. As I have before me some species of the group that are certainly as yet undescribed, and which I now purpose describing, it will not be out of place to preface my descriptions with a few notes on the genera of these sub-families. Taking Mr. Masters’ recent catalogue of Australian Coleoptera in hand, we find the general confusion very clearly reflected there. Under the heading ‘‘ Harpalides’”” that catalogue includes all the genera mentioned in it which belong to M. Lacordaire’s two tribes Anisodactylides and Har- palides. But it is headed by the genus Phorticosomus which Dr. Schaum (its author) states (evidently correctly) to belong to the Cratocerides—a sub-family that finds a place elsewhere in Mr. Masters’ catalogue. The next genus Geobenus is represented by a single species described in the ‘‘ Voyage de la Coquille,” the identification of which is probably hopeless, and which is not at all likely to be a real Geobenus. Then follows Gnathaphanus, to which eleven species are attributed. Gnatha- phanus was founded by Mr. W.S. Macleay on the female of a species from Java, and Lacordaire and Erichson have both regarded it as probably a mere synonym of Harpalus. How- ever this may be, unless there is evidence in the matter un- known to me, I should think it very improbable that the Australian species are entitled to bear the name. The first species in the genus (Adelaide, Cast.), and several others at least, are moreover evidently congeneric with the species that appears some pages further on under the name of MWicrosaurus (a name that has fared badly, for its author, Mr. Bates, in the Journal of Entomology, gives it as Wirosarus, and in the same volume it is indexed as Microsarus). Anisodactylus follows Gnathaphanus with three species, one of which was attributed to the genus by the Baron de Chaudoir. This is no doubt very high authority so far as concerns the species described by the Baron* ; as regards the other two (Harpalus rotundicollis and Waterhouser, Cast.), although the tarsal structure and some other characters are extremely suggestive of Anisodactylus, the shape of the thorax, the great slenderness of the antenne and palpi, and other features produce a facies utterly unlhke that of ihe European Anisodactyli, and suggest the need of a new generic name. Without having seen the Baron de Chaudoir’s *T have not scen the description. 181 remarks-on the subject, however, I should not do wisely to take action in the matter. Then follows Haplaner, founded by the Baron de Chaudoir for a single species (described by the Count de Castelnau as a Harpalus), and this is no doubt a good genus. Then comes Diaphoromerus, formed by the Baron de Chaudoir for an Australian insect—no doubt a perfectly satisfactory genus, but no representative of it has come under my notice, and (as I have examined a large number of Anisodactylides from various parts of the colony) I cannot but conclude from this that some, if not many, of the crowd of species Mr. Masters attributes to it are not really at home there. The five genera that follow are doubtless quite satisfactory, but they do not average three species apiece. Of the remaining four genera (1)I should say that some at least of those called Harpalus are very questionable ; (2) Cyclothorax belongs to the Anchomenide ; (3) concerning Stenolophus and Acupalpus, as L have not seen any of the few species so named, nor do the authors of those species attribute to them any of the essential characters of those genera, I will only say that if the insects are correctly placed, it 1s very interesting on account of the general divergence of the Australian Harpaloid series from the types that prevail in the Northern Hemisphere. I will just guard myself, in conclusion, from being understood to depre- eiate Mr. Masters’ work by saying that he has no doubt fol- lowed the only course open to him in distributing the species he enumerates among known genera rather than going beyond the province of a catalogue by forming new genera. His cata- logue will doubtless long remain the standard one on which students will work, and is very valuable. So many of the types on which the Australian species were founded are in Europe (if existent at all), that no small boon would be con- ferred on Australian workers if some European specialist would make a careful examination of such as are available, and report the result to one of our scientific Societies for publi- cation. NovE TO MY REMARKS ON ANISODACTYLIDE AND HARPALIDS. While these notes were in the press, and too late for me to alter them, I received through the kindness of Dr. Gestro, of Genoa, a copy of the Baron de Chaudoir’s memoir alluded to above as not having been seen by me. I find that in the main, though not strictly, Mr. Masters has followed the Baron in his arrangement of the families in question. On the whole the perusal of the memoir has not led me to modify to any con- siderable extent the remarks that I have made. I cannot but consider still that Diaphoromerus as the Baron has arranged it is an assemblage of forms that ought not to be united in a single 182 ceenus. The Baron regards as mere sections groups of species which have the male anterior and intermediate tarsi widely dilated (the basal four joints being similarly clothed beneath), and groups in which the same are very slightly dilated (with the first joint clothed differently from the rest). The memoir has enabled me to identify with certainty some of the species in the former section concerning which I was not previously sufficiently assured to found any conclusion on their characters, and when I place side by side Harpalus Germari, Cast., and Harpalus Deyrollei, Cast., their differences appear far too great to allow of their bearing a common generic name, while the close affinity between the latter and Hypharpax is beyond doubt. The Baron does not appear to have noticed the striking difference between the hind tarsi of Diaphoromerus (first group) and those of Hypharpax, and seems to have regarded the tooth on the hind femora of the latter as a constant cha- racter, the absence of which should zpso facto exclude from the genus. Jam quite convinced that Harpalus inornatus, Germ., is a typical Hypharpax, although the Baron places it as a synonym of Harpalus australis, De}.(without giving anv reason), under the generic name Diaphoromerus. As I have said above, I think it possible that the two may be identical, but in that case H. australis is a Hypharpax. My remarks on Anisodactylus are quite in agreement with those of the Baron. Touching Gnathaphanus, he appears to have deliberately considered the Australian species called by that name generically inseparable from the Javanese individual for which the name was provided, so that the doubt I have expressed above on the point is pro- bably unfounded. In that case Mr. Bates’ genus Mirosarus will not stand, I think, as it appears to have been founded for a species that de Chaudoir would have considered to be a Gnathaphanus. HYPHARPAX. This genus is, I think (among the Anisodactylides, having the anterior and intermediate tarsi in the male strongly dilated: with the basal joint not very much smaller than the second) best distinguished by the shortness of the tarsi, especially the hindmost. These—i.e. , the hind tarsi—are very decidedly shorter than their tibie, and have their basal joint in some species. scarcely, in others not at all, longer than the second. The characters in the hind femora and tibie of the males are very variable. In H. lateralis, W.S. Macleay (the type of the genus), the femur is said to be unidentate beneath, and the tibia to be arched and crenulate within. In Mr. Bates’ H. puneticauda the femur is said to be ‘‘incrassate but not dentate,” and the tibia to be flexuous but not arched. I have before me a number of species (several of which are probably identical with some 183 already described) in one of which I can discover no difference in structure between the hind legs of the male and female, and in another (certainly A. znornatus, Germ., I think) the hind femur is more strongly dentate in some males than in others. All the species of this genus that I have seen are short, broad insects, with the thorax strongly, or very strongly, transverse, and its basal and apical margins not differing much from each other in width. The following species attributed to Diaphoromerus in Mr. Masters’ catalogue belong, I think to Hypharpax, viz., ereus, Dej., *australis, De}.,* inornatus, Germ., *Coxt, Cast, Bostocki, Cast, femoralis, Cast, mandibularis, Cast, and perhaps mestus, Dej., and ranula, Cast. The following, which Mr. Masters places in Harpalus, also seem from the des- criptions to belong to Hypharpas, viz., atroviridis, Macleay, and convexiusculus, Macl. H. inornatus, Germ. A species occurring commonly at Port Lincoln and also around Adelaide, agrees so well with Germar’s description that I have no hesitation in considering it identified. The following particulars are omitted by Germar, and should be placed on record, viz., the male characters are exactly as in typical Hypharpax (the tooth on the posterior femora, how- ever, being more strongly developed in some specimens than in other s) the width of the thorax is nearly half again the length of the same, and its hind angles are slightly obtuse, but rounded off, the hinder part of the lateral margin forming a slightly obtuse angle with the base, but the angle itself being rounded ; the puncture on the third interstice of the elytra is nearer to the apex than in some other species of the genus. The des- eription of Harpalus australis, De}., does not altogether agree with that of H. inornatus (e.g., the thorax being called “ sub- transversus’”’), but, nevertheless, it is quite possible they may refer to the same species, in which case Dejean’s name must have the preference, as in Mr. Masters’ catalogue. I should think it also open to much doubt whether Harpalus Peroni, Cast, is not really identical with znornatus. I do not, however, see sufficient reason for Mr. Masters’ identification of JZ. Peroni with H. nove-Hollandie, Cast, as their author gives a perfectly satisfactory differential character between them in the shape of the thorax. I possess a Hypharpaxr from Mel- bourne which I have little doubt is the latter species. It is extremely close to inornatus, Germ., but has the thorax much narrower in front, and is a little smaller. * Mr. Masters treats these three as identical, but Iam not clear on the point. Germar’s insect may be identical with Dejean’s, but Count de Castelnau’s description is too vague for identification, and it is very unlikely to be founded on the same insect as Germar’s, and if so the description of the colour of the legs must have been founded on a very unusual variety. 184 H, Boisduvali, Cast. I possess a female specimen from Swan River, evidently a Hypharpax, which is probably this insect. It differs from the preceding exactly, as H. Boisduvali is said to differ from australis, De}j., its thorax being nearly twice as wide as long, with strongly rounded sides, and the elytra wide, (especially behind), with slightly feebler striation. I cannot understand Mr. Masters’ reference of H. Boisduvali to cereus, Dej., as the thorax of the latter is said to be rectangular behind. I should say that H. Boisduvali, Cast, is a good species. THENAROTES. T. australis, sp. nov. Piceus; nitidus; palpis, antennarum basi, prothorace, elytrorum marginibus lateralibus apiceque, et pedibus, rufis testaceisve ; antennis elongatis (corporis dimidio sublongioribus); prothorace transverso postice angustato; elytris striatis, striis latera versus deficientibus ; subtus piceus in medio rufescens. Var., pronoto proster- noque in medio infuscatis. Long. 14—21. The whole upper surface is absolutely devoid of puncturation, properly so-called, except a single small puncture on the third interstice of each elytron behind the middle; there are also a few obscure coarse impressions in a very strong furrow which runs a little within the lateral margin of the elytra, commencing about the middle and reaching the apex. The antennez (by measurement) slightly exceed half the length of the body, but appear even longer to the eye, and are of a fuscous colour (except the basal two joints). The thorax is about one-third wider than long, is widest just behind the front, and thence arcuately narrowed to the base, has basal angles almost rounded off and a fairly strong rounded impression on either side in front of the hind margin, is extremely finely margined at the sides, and pretty distinctly channelled longitudinally. Each elytron bears four well-marked striz, outside which there is no distinct sculpture, except the lateral furrow mentioned above. The eyes are large and prominent. As the specimens before me all appear to be females, I can give no particulars concerning the tarsi of the male, but as I have Dr. Sharp’s authority for attributing the insect to Thenarotes, I suppose they are as in JZ. tasmanicus, Bates. The under surface is minutely coriaceous. I have met with this insect near Port Lincoln and in the Adelaide district, and have seen specimens taken by Mr. Rothe near Sedan. T. discoidalis, sp.nov. Nitidus; rufus vel piceo-rufus, capite (labro mandibulisque exceptis) et elytrorum disco piceis vel nigris ; antennis elongatis (corporis dimidio longitudine eequalibus) ; prothorace transverso, postice angustato, basi 185 utrinque foveolato punctulato, elytris striatis. Var.? Minor; elytris totis (sutura margineque laterali postice exceptis) piceis. Long. 14—21. This species is rather closely allied to the preceding. The thorax is slightly less transverse (its width being scarcely one- third greater than its length), with some puncturation about the posterior angles which are obtuse, but well defined; the elytra are more strongly striated, and the strize do not become obsolete laterally ; the puncture on the third interstice is wanting; the colour is different also, the dark portion of each elytron being bordered all round (except along a portion of the base in some specimens) with a red colour similar to that of the thorax. In the male the tarsal structure is as Mr. Bates describes it in Thenarotes. There is no abbreviated scutellar stria in any of the specimens that have come under my notice, but I do not attach great importance to this character, since 1 find traces of a stria in some specimens, and not in others, of the preceding species. I also observe that the antenne are exceptionally short in some specimens both of this and of the preceding ; probably it indicates a sexual distinction. Near Adelaide; also Sedan (Rothe). T. metallicus, sp. nov. Minus nitidus; sneo-niger, antennis palpis pedibusque pallidis; antennis corporis dimidio lon- gitudine equalibus; prothorace transverso, postice angus- . tato, angulis posticis obtusis; elytrorum disco obsolete striato. Long. 12—121._ This species does not appear to differ from Thenarotes except in the very slight dilatation of the anterior and intermediate tarsi in the male. The thorax is strongly transverse (not much less than twice as wide as long), widest in front of the middle, with the sides rounded, the posterior angles obtuse, and an ill-defined fovea on either side behind. The elytra are elongate and parallel, with about three traceable strie, outside which there are no distinct strie, but there is a rather strong furrow representing the apical portion of about the seventh stria. The whole surface of the insect is finely coriaceous. It has much the facies of Metabletus. I have two specimens taken in the Adelaide district. NOTOPHILUS, gen. nov. (Sus-Fam. ANISODACTYLIN2E.) Gen. Thenaroti affinis, at tarsorum 4 anteriorum plantis 1-4 squamipilosis ; corpus convexius minus elongatum. The species for which I have founded this genus do not appear to differ from Thenarotes structurally otherwise than in 186 the characters of the dilated tarsi in the male. Their facies is, however, different, owing to their shorter and more convex form. NV. niger, sp. nov. Minus nitidus; niger antennis pedibusque picescentibus ; prothorace transverso, margine antico pos- tico latitudine «quali; elytris (stria suturali excepta) haud striatis. Long. 13—14 1. The antenne are slender and reach back considerably beyond the base of the thorax ; the frontal impressions of the head are very slight; the thorax is rather more than half again as wide as long, has no dorsal channel and is impunctate and in front nearly truncate. The sides are considerably arched, the re- flexed margin very fine and the hind angles rounded off, near which there is a large impression on either side. The scutel- lum is large but scarcely penetrates between the elytra. These latter are nearly three times as long as the thorax, not very convex, and are arched on the sides; excepting some marginal impressions near the apex, a faint costa just within them, a puncture on either side behind, about where the third inter- stice would be if it existed, and a sutural stria, there is no trace of punctures or striz; the surface, however, is not very shining. The anterior and intermediate tarsi in the male are moderately dilated, the basal three joints being about equal in width ; the second is distinctly longest and is quite twice the length of the fourth; the first and third are about equal to each other and are not much shorter than the second; none of them is transverse unless the fourth, which is scarcely so. The hind tarsi are not much shorter than their tibie; their first joint is a little shorter than the second and third together, the fourth short, the fifth nearly equal to the first. In general appearance this species reminds one of Blechrus, though of course the thorax is wider. Port Lincoln. NV. gracilis, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; niger; antennis pedibusque piccescentibus ; prothorace transverso, antice quam postice vix latiori; elytris obsolete striatis, striis latera versus deficientibus. Long. 14—12 1. Very closely resembles the preceding, but is smaller, a little narrower, and more shining. There is a single well defined puncture on the centre of the surface of the head. The thorax is scarcely so transverse as in JV. niger, is slightly more nar- rowed behind, and has a depression all across the base, in which the posterior impressions are included. The elytra are striated, the sutural stria being well defined and two or three strie besides being traceable which, however, become gradually feebler as they recede from the suture and then cease alto- 187 gether. In other respects there is little distinction to be noted between the two insects. Port Lincoln; also the Adelaide district. NV. parvus, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; niger; antennis pedibusque piescentibus vel rufescentibus; prothorace transverso postice angustato ; elytris (stria suturali excepta) vix evi- denter striatis. Long. 1—121. This very small species 1s closely allied to both of the pre- ceding two. In shape it resembes gracilis. There are several isolated punctures in front of the centre of the surface of the head. The thorax is still less transverse than that of gracilis, and is more narrowed backwards ; it is depressed all across the base, and is very little wider than the head. The striation of the elytra is scarcely visible outside the sutural stria. In other respects there is little difference from WV. gracilis. Widely distributed in South Australia. NV. letus, sp.nov. Nitidus; supra rufus vel testaceus, capite piceo, elytris plus minus venigronotatis; subtus piceus, sternis rufescentibus, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis, antennis corporis dimidio longitudine vix equalibus, pro- thorace transverso, postice angustato utrinque foveolato ; elytrorum disco obsolete striato. Long. 12—121. This diminutive species differs from Thenarotes in having the basal joint, as well as the second, third, and fourth, of the anterior tarsi in the male clothed with squamose pilosity, and narrowed at the base. I cannot discover any other structural peculiarity, unless it be that the same joint is not quite so much narrower than the second, as in Thenarotes. The thorax is rather strongly transverse (quite half again as wide as long), and is nearly truncate both in front and behind, with a faintly marked dorsal channel ; the sides are rather strongly rounded in front (the greatest width being before the middle), and then converge to the base, which is a little narrower than the front margin; the hind angles are well marked and obtuse; strictly speaking the basal region is hardly foveolate, but the hind corners of the thorax are explanate; its surface is quite free from puncturation. The elytra have no sculpture on the disc except a well-marked sutural stria and faint traces of one, two, or three strize beyond it. The blackish markings of the elytra in a brightly coloured specimen consist of a basal triangle with its apex directed backwards on the suture, and a large patch covering the whole of the apical two-thirds of the elytra except a spot on the suture behind the middle. Ina pale specimen the basal triangle is reduced in size, and there is a transverse fascia just behind the middle, these markings being fuscous 188 rather than black, and shading off into the surface colour. The general appearance is very suggestive of Sarothrocrepis. Near Adelaide, also Sedan (Rothe). NV. palustris, sp. nov. Nitidus; brunneo-ferrugineus, elytris abdomineque obscure infuscatis ; antennis corporis dimidio brevioribus; prothorace transverso, trans basin depresso, postice vix angustato, utrinque foveolato; elytrorum disco vix striato. Long. 121. This little insect does not seem to differ structurally from the preceding except in having the basal joint of the male front tarsi as wide as the second. The thorax is widest about the middle, and regularly rounded on the sides, with the basal angles rounded off. There is a depression all across the base, in which is a deep fovea on either side, and there is scarcely any trace of a longitudinal channel, and none at all of any puncturation. The elytra have a fine sutural stria, and scarcely any indication of striz outside it, but there is a deep furrow near the apex of the external margin, as though the sutural stria was strongly recurved. The colour is a somewhat livid brown, with the legs paler, and there is some very obscure in- fuscation (which is probably variable) about the basal and apical regions of the elytra. A single specimen occurred to me on the banks of the Murray, at Murray Bridge. LECANOMERUS. L. flavocinctus, sp.nov. Nitidus; piceo-niger (nonnullis exem- pls capite prothoraceque rufescentibus), mandibulis palpis antennis pedibusque flavis, prothoracis elytrorumque mar- gine summo flavo; prothorace leviter transverso ; elytris striatis interstitiis planis. Long. 3 1. This neat little insect seems to be quite distinct from any- thing previously described. The anterior margin of the thorax is slightly narrower than the base, the sides are pretty strongly rounded, the greatest width being considerably in front of the middle where it is about one-fourth part greater than the length; the anterior margin is scarcely concave, the hinder angles are roundly obtuse; there is a well defined central channel, and a large shallow impression on either side behind; the thorax has no distinct puncturation. The elytra are rather finely striated, the interstices quite flat except close to the apex where they become convex, the third interstice having no systematic puncturation; the abbreviated scutellar stria is wanting or indicated only by a basal dilatation of the second stria. The anterior and intermediate tarsi are very strongly dilated in the male, the basal joint being quite small 189 and the second scarcely smaller than the following two together, the fourth strongly emarginate and about the same size as the first. The hind tarsi are slender and not much shorter than their tibie, the first joint not much longer than the second, the third and fourth together equal to the first, the fifth quite equal to the first. The claws are very long and slender. The facies is that of Calathus. Is it possible that Geobenus Australasig, Guer., is really a member of this genus? This question seems to be suggested by M. Lacordaire’s remark (Gen. Col. L., p. 273) on the Calathus-like appearance of the African genus Geobenus. Port Lincoln; not rare. L. obscurus, Nitidus; niger; mandibulis, palporum apice, an- tennisque (basi testacea excepta) fuscis; pedibus (tibiis apice, tarsisque plus minusve infuscatis exceptis) sordide testaceis ; prothoracis lateribus flavis; hoc fortius trans- verso ; elytris subtiliter striatis, interstitiis planis. Long. 22 1. The thorax resembles that of the preceding, except that it is more than a third wider than long, with its anterior margin scarcely narrower than its base, and has some confused punc- turation about the basal impressions. The sides of the elytra are more parallel, the striz fainter, the interstices, if possible, flatter in front, and certainly more convex behind; there is a distinct abbreviated scutellar stria and a well-defined puncture on the inner edge of the third interstice. The anterior four tarsi are not so strongly dilated in the male as they are in the preceding species, though their proportions are similar, except that the second joint is not quite so much larger than the rest. The hind tarsi resemble those of the preceding. Near Adelaide. L. Lindi, sp.nov. Nitidus; niger ; antennis palpis pedibusque sordide testaceis ; prothorace vix transverso ; elytris stria- tis, interstitiis vix planis. Long. 24 1. Very closely allied to Z. flavocinetus, but differing in the following respects:—The legs, palpi, and antennez are of a very dull testaceous color, and the extreme margin of the thorax and elytra is not paler than the rest of their surface; the thorax is evidently narrower, is scarcely a sixth part wider than long, and is widest scarcely in front of the middle; the interstices of the stria on the elytra are not quite so flat. In other respects the description of L. flavocinctus would apply to this insect. P. Lincoln. 190 Harpalus Deyrollei, Cast. I have identified this species with some certainty, having taken it at Port Lincoln and on Yorke’s Peninsula. Jam, however, much puzzled as to its affinities. Five specimens are before me regarding the sex of which I am uncertain. In two of them there seems to be a slight dilation of the four basal joints on the anterior and intermediate tarsi, but it is very slight. If Iam right in regarding these specimens as males the insect probably belongs to the true Harpalides. Tf, however, they are females the species may be a Hypharpaz, although it is narrower and more elongate than any other of that genus that has come under my notice. I should be very glad of any precise information regarding the sexes of this insect. It appears to me not unlikely that H. Fortnumz, Cast., is founded on this same species, in spite of the Count calling it “rather short and broad,” for the expression would not be in- applicable if it be compared with true Harpali. The descrip- tions of Fortnumi and Deyrollei are vague in the last degree, not even placing their sub-family beyond doubt, but they do not mention any satisfactory distinction of one from the other except the presence of some sculpture on the surface of the thorax in Fortnumi which is not attributed to Deyrolle:. The specimens before me, however, vary in this respect, some hay- ing a few striole, others none. STAPHYLINID. LEPTACINUS. L. picticornis, mihi (vide ant. p.7). | Dr. Sharp, of South- ampton, tells me that specimens of this insect which I for- warded to him are identical with Xantholinus socius, Fauv. 1 have no doubt as to the correctness of this identification on Dr. Sharp’s authority, and will ask all correspondents to whom IT have supplied the name to substitute soczws, Fauy., for picticornis, Blackb. But Ido not think that the species can be regarded as rightly placed in Yantholinus. Its dilated anterior tarsi alone prevented my looking for it among species attri- buted to that genus. Its intermediate coxe, too, are scarcely more widely separated than those parts are in many species of Leptacinus, and the apical joint of the maxillary palpi agrees much better with Leptacinus than with Xantholinus. I think the insect should be called Leptacinus socius, Fauv. It should be noted also that M. Fauvel in his description makes no refer- ence to the peculiar colouring of the antenne (which suggested my name), and which is strongly marked in almost every one of the multitude of examples that I have examined—the first and third joints being black or pitchy, while all the rest are ferruginous. 191 PHL@OCHARIS. P. antipodum, Fauv. I have met with this species, I think, several times in the Port Lincoln district. If Iam right in my identification of it, however, M. Fauvel has founded his description on immature or very pale specimens. I have now before me two examples from Port Lincoln that I cannot consider specifically distinct, one of which is coloured as P. antipodum is described, while the other is very much darker, being of a pitchy colour, with the front of the head, the thorax, the apex of the elytra and of the hind body, and the base of the antenne reddish. It is just possible that if my specimens were placed side by side with M. Fauvel’s types they might prove to be a distinct species, but, judging by the description, I think they are identical. HOMALIUM. H, Adelaide, sp. nov. Piceus; mandibulis, labro, palpis, antennis, pedibusque rufescentibus; antennis brevibus, crassiusculis; capite medio sparsim, ad latera crebrius, subtilius punctulato ; prothorace postice leviter angustato, sparsius subtiliter punctulato; elytris prothorace duplo longioribus, crebrius subtiliter sublineatim punctulatis ; abdomine obscure subtiliter punctulato. Long. 141. There is a slightly reddish tone about the thorax, shoulders, and sides of the hind-body in this insect. The antenne are very little longer than the head ; their joints 3-10 all transverse (4-10 strongly so), the apical joint very little longer than wide. The thorax has strongly rounded sides, and is widest just be- hind the front, thence slightly contracted to the base, in front of which the sides are sinuate so that the hind angles are very nearly right-angles ; there is scarcely any indication of longi- tudinal fovee. The elytra are parallel-sided, and scarceiy wider than the thorax. The puncturation of the hind body becomes more sparing and obscure from the base to the apex. Extremely like the European H. concinnum, Er., from which it differs in its much shorter and stouter antenne, and in the somewhat more distinct puncturation of the hind body. I obtained a single specimen from débris on the banks of the Torrens. A. philorinoides, Fauv. I have taken under bark of Hucalyptus, both near Port Lincoln, and in the Adelaide district specimens which agree quite satisfactorily with the description of this insect, previously recorded only from Victoria. COLYDIIDA. . DITOMA. D. pulchra, sp. nov. Minus depressa; rufa; elytrorum disco intuseato ; prothoracis lateribus valde explanatis fortiter 192 serrulatis, elytris tuberculis parum elevatis subseriatim dispositis. Long.21. Lat 71. (vix.) ' Antenne red, club not darker; third joint considerably nar- rower, but not shorter, than second, longer than broad; 4-9 small and subequal ; the last two forming a large abrupt club. Head very strongly dilated in front of the eyes, the dilated portion forming on either side a large obliquely elevated lobe which completely covers the basal joint of the antenne; the space between these lobes is occupied by the clypeus, and the outline of the entire surface thus formed in front of the eyes consists of about a dozen straight lines (of very unequal lengths) placed at angles to each other. The surface of the thorax is uneven, the disc being occupied by two costz wich run in a zig- zag manner from the front margin to the base (the space between them being depressed), outside which are some other less-defined cost running both longitudinally and transversely, with depressed interspaces. The sides of the thorax are widely explanate, the greatest width (which is towards the front) of either explanate margin being about one-third the width of the whole space between the explanate margins. The general form of the explanate margins is comparatively narrow at the base gradually dilating all the way to the level of the anterior margin and then running on forwards in a projecting lobe which attains the level of the front of the eye, this projecting lobe narrowing. to its apex, which is quite acuminate. The exterior edge of the explanate margin is serrate, the incisions becoming deeper, wider, and more parallel-sided from the front backwards till in the hinder half they reach half way through the explanate margin and are only about four in num- ber ; the deepest and widest incision of all, however, is at the middle of the margin. The surface of the head and thorax appear to be coarsely but very obscurely granulate. The margins of the elytra are not explanate but are conspicuously serrulate along their whole length. The middle of the dise of each elytron is nearly black, and the whole surface is striated, also is occupied by a system of coarse transversely confluent puncturation which seems to have no relation to the striation, and also bears three rows of large but slightly elevated, rounded, pale tubercles, the rows (counting from the suture) containing six, five, and two tubercles respectively, the inner two rows extending the whole length of the elytra, the exter- nal one being behind the middle and the tubercles in all the rows becoming more defined towards the apex. The whole surface is thinly clothed with short erect scale-like setz, which tend to gather into pencils on the tubercles. The apex of each elytron is separately acuminate and a little produced. This extraordinary insect must be very closely allied to the 193 New Zealand Ditoma sellata, Shp., described in the Transac- tions of the Royal Dublin Society (1886). I met with a single specimen under the bark of a Hucalyptus on Mount Lofty in December, 1885. D. obscura, sp. noy. Minus depressa; piceo-nigra antennis palpis pedibusque plus minusve rufis ; prothoracis lateribus valde explanatis minus fortiter serrulatis, elytris crasse punctulatis striatis; interstitiis subplanis. lLong., 121.; Jat., 21. The structure of the antenne head and thorax is almost as in D. pulchra, except that it is less strongly defined, the sides of the head being less dilated, the explanate margins of the thorax _ not quite so wide, and the serration of the same feebler. The elytra also are sculptured very similarly except that they are devoid of tubercles and of pencils of hairs, although otherwise the insect is similarly squamoso-setose. I have two specimens of this species, taken near Roseworthy, South Australia. ; D. perforata, sp. nov. Sat depressa; elongata; supra piceo- nigra, subtus rufo-picea; capite antice antennis palpis pedibusque plus minusve rufis; prothoracis lateribus sat fortiter serrulatis vix explanatis antice haud productis ; elytris ad latera vix serrulatis, striatis, strils crasse rugu- lose puntulatis. Long., 1$1.; lat., 21. In this species the head is scarcely dilated in front of the eyes, its sides running forward nearly in an even line, and the front being widely and gently convex. The thorax is sub- truncate in front, with the anterior margin, however, widely and roundly (though gently) produced in the middle; the base is very little narrower than the front; the length about equals the width; the sides are not distinctly explanate, but are cut into about ten very distinct teeth placed rather evenly along their margin, except that the front two or three are smaller than the rest ; the surface is even, and covered with coarse but not deep puncturation, the punctures being much confluent and the space between them tending to run into wavy lines. The elytra are gently striate, each stria bearing a row of extremely coarse but not deep punctures, which almost meet across the interstices. The surface is sparingly clothed with fine short erect sete. I have seen about a dozen specimens of this insect, all taken in the Adelaide district. D. parva, sp. nov. Sat depressa; elongata; piceo-nigra ; capite antice, antennis, palpis, pedibus, humerisque obscure rufis; prothoracis lateribus vix explanatis, sub- tilius serrulatis, antice sat fortiter productis ; elytris for- M 194 titer costatis, lateribus antice serrulatis. Long., 141.; lat., 21. The head does not differ much from that of D. perforata. The thorax is a little wider than long, very little narrowed hindwards, the middle part of its anterior margin being roundly and gently produced; the sides are distinctly and rather finely serrate, and not distinctly explanate except at the ex- treme front, where they become so in the form of a kind of small lobe, which projects obliquely forward and outward; the surface is obscurely areolate, being intersected by some obscure ridges, between which the spaces are a little hollowed out. Between the suture and lateral margin, each elytron bears four strong cost, of which the first and fourth meet close to the apex, and the second and third meet a little in front of the apex. There are two rows of punctures in each of the spaces between the coste. IT possess a single specimen of this minute insect; it was taken at Woodville. D. hilaris, sp. nov. Sat depressa; elongata; picea vel piceo- nigra; capite antice, prothoracis lateribus, elytrorum maculis nonnullis, antennis, palpis, pedibusque, rufis ; prothoracis lateribus explanatis haud serrulatis antice productis; elytris costatis, interstitis biseriatim punctu- latis. Head as in the preceding two species. Thorax rugosely but very closely and rather finely punctured, disc depressed, the depressed space being margined on either side by a very obscure elevated ridge. These ridges commence near each other on the anterior margin, run back a very short distance parallel to each other, then turn outward and describe a semicircle returning to their original distance apart at a point about two-thirds the length of the thorax from the anterior margin, and thence run parallel to the base, so that the depressed discal space is parallel-sided near the anterior margin, and near the base and is almost circular in the middle. Between these discal costz and the lateral margins there is on either side another costa nearly parallel to the margin. The sides of the thorax are narrowly explanate and nearly straight; the front margin is in the middle, rather strongly elevated and arcuately produced and the ex- planate margins are produced forward, so that the front out- line of the thorax is strongly bisinuate. The thorax is quite strongly transverse and scarcely wider in front than behind. There are four fine and not very conspicuous costze on each elytron; the first commences at the base some distance from the suture and runs obliquely to the suture which it nearly joins at a distance from the base of about a third of the length 195 of the elytron, and then runs (close to the suture) to the apex. The other cost are straight, all commencing on the base of the elytron; the second quite reaches the apex, the other two not quite. On the first interval between the coste there is a red spot near the apex, on the second ared spot a little further from the apex and another somewhat in front of the middle, on the third a red spot just behind the middle and another near the base. In respect of sculpture and puncturation this insect closely resembles the European D. crenata, Fab., but is much narrower and more elongate. I have a single specimen from Roseworthy, and also one from Port Lincoln, which was taken under the bark of a Eucalyptus. The latter specimen has all the sculpture better defined than the former, the anterior red mark on the third interstice of the elytra scarcely traceable, and the lateral mar- gins of the thorax obsoletely crenulate, but I have no doubt of its specific identity with the Roseworthy example. I have also seen the.species among some insects submitted to me by Mr. Rothe. D. lineatocollis, sp. nov. Sat depressa; elongata; nigra vel piceo-nigra; capite antice (nonnullis exemplis), antennis, palpis, pedibusque, rufis ; prothoracis lateribus leviter ex- planatis, vix distincte serrulatis, antice minus fortiter productis ; elytris fortiter costatis, interstitiis crasse trans- versim biseriatim punctatis. Long. 14-141. Lat. 2-41. Closely allied to the preceding ; I observe very little differ- ence, except in the following characters:—The head is more roughly punctured ; the elytra are devoid of red markings and have the costz more sharply defined ; and the punctures in the two rows in each elytral interstice are transverse, running into each other and scarcely leaving any distinct intermediate space between them. The thorax also is very differently sculptured on the surface; on either side a strong longi- tudinal costa springs from the base a little nearer to the middle than half way between the middle and the posterior angle and proceeds nearly parallel to the lateral margin more than half way to the apical margin when it turns at an angle and runs obliquely towards the centre line, but before reaching it becomes parallel to the margin again and then turns out- ward towards the lateral margin and runs in an irregular slight curve back to the base which it reaches at a point rather nearer to the lateral margin than to the point where the inner costa takes its rise. I have taken this insect occasionally both in the Port Lin- coln district and also near Adelaide. 196 BOTHRIDERES. B. variabilis, sp. nov. Subopacus (elytrorum interstitiis alter- nis exceptis) ; niger, antennis tarsisque rufopiceis; pro- thorace transverso longitudinaliter corrugato, postice linea curyata impresso, lateribus angulatis; elytris postice rotundato-truncatis, apice productis. Long. 1—3 1. Var. Colore piceo vel testaceo. The thorax is gently transverse, the front margin strongly bisinuate and in the middle elevated, the anterior angles pro- duced and acute; the outline of the lateral margins is very peculiar—tfrom the apex of the anterior angles it is convex for a fifth part of its length, then it is slightly concave to just behind the middle where it is of the same width as at the com- mencement of the coneavity, and at that point it is angulated and thence proceeds with a slightly concave curve to the base in such fashion that from the angle the thorax is gently con- tracted backwards. There is a slight vague depression on the front part of the dise and a little in front of the base there is a clearly cut arched line (its convex side turned towards the base) from which two fine lines run backward to the base. The elytra are strongly striated, the striz rather indistinctly punc- tured. The alternate interstices are slightly shining, the third roundly convex—the fifth and seventh strongly, the ninth feebly, carinated. The interstices are devoid of distinct punc- turation. The apex of each elytron is rather strongly produced (so that the hinder part of the lateral margin is deeply sinuate) and roundly truncated. I know few insects more variable than this in respect both of size and color. It is widely distributed in South Australia and common. I have taken it also in Western Victoria. It occurs under the bark of Hucalypti. Tam not acquainted with B. zllusus, Newm., and on that account should have hesitated to describe this species as new were it not that Mr. Pascoe (Journal of Ent., I., p. 465) in distinguishing his B. equinus from Newman’s insect implies that the latter is totally unlike my B. variabilis. B. tibialis, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; piceo-brunneus; prothorace subecordato leviter transverso, sat fortiter crebrius punc- tulato, punctis longitudinaliter confluentibus, latitudine majori antice posita, lateribus rotundatis, impressione obscura postice posita; elytris striatis, interstitiis punctu- latis, his alternatim elevatis ; tibiis fortiter dilatatis. Long. 1—23 1. Var. Colore plus minusve rufo. The thorax is widest immediately behind the anterior margin whence it narrows with a curved outline nearly to the base ; 197 its sides then become parallel and the posterior angles are sub- dentiform ; there isa scarcely noticeable impression on the front part of the thorax and a well marked one in front of the base. This latter consists of a short parallel-sided fossa, which is a little longer than wide and is not limited either before or be- hind by a definite line. In some examples the middle part of the fossa is scarcely depressed, so that the appearance is that of two short, parallel, longitudinal striw. The sculpture of the elytra is exceedingly similar to that in B. variabilis; the elytra, however, are evenly glossy, the strie are impunctate, and the interstices are punctate. The elytra are evenly rounded at the apex as in most other species of the genus. The widely-dilated tibiz furnish the most striking character of this insect, by which it may be at once distinguished from all other species known to me ; the antenne also are exceptionally short and thick. This latter character probably differentiates it from B. illusus also—but however that may be, Mr. Pascoe (who appears to have examined the original type of B. zllusus) states that that insect has a ‘“‘deeply-impressed crescent- shaped mark” on the posterior part of its disc, and seems to speak of it as a decidedly larger species than B. tibialis. I have taken this species in South Australia (Port Lincoln) ; also in Western Victoria. B. costatus, sp. nov. Nitidus; piceo-rufus, elytris (sutura infuscata excepta) dilutioribus; prothoracis postice angus- tati disco late concavo, spatio concavo postice in medio elevato, lateribus subrectis ; elytris costatis, haud evidenter striatis, obsolete seriatim punctulatis, costis angustis. Long. 13—1? 1. The colouring of the elytra (chestnut, with a dark sutural stripe), which seems to be constant, will distinguish this species from all its Australian congeners, having the disc of the thorax similarly sculptured, except vittatus, Newm., which has the elytra quite differently sculptured. Thorax about as long as wide, widest in front, thence gradu- ally narrowed to the base, sides nearly straight, obsoletely angulated about the middle; front margin strongly elevated and produced in the middle, anterior angles somewhat promi- nent, hind angles obtuse and well defined, surface coarsely punctured with oblong punctures tending to longitudinal rows, disc occupied by a very wide depression which commences and is at its deepest a little behind the anterior margin, from the base a nearly impunctate space not depressed below the general level of the surface (and so elevated above the floor of the depression) runs up the depression to about the centre of the thorax. The sculpture of the elytra (which are of ordinary form 198 at the apex) is peculiar. At the base of each elytron close to the scutelluma strong costa commences edged externally by a kind of stria, but both soon become obsolete, the stria being repre- sented in the hinder three-quarters of the elytra by a scarcely traceable row of punctures; then follow at intervals three cost, which at the base are about equally strong with the ab- breviated costa, and run evenly to the apex; outside the last of these (which commences at the shoulder) on the lateral declivous surface of the elytra are some more obscure slender coste. The intervals between the coste are non-striate, wide, and shining, and are devoid of punctures excepting that a faint ill-defined row of punctures can be traced quite close to each costa. I have seen only a few specimens of this insect, which occurs rarely under Eucalyptus bark near Port Lincoln, but probably a long series would show great variety in respect of size. B. vittatus, Newm. I am not sure whether I know this species, of which I have not seen the original description. Mr. Pascoe, however (in the paper on “ Bothrideres,” already re- ferred to), tabulates it as having on the prothorax a broad shallow depression more or less raised along the median line, and on the elytra a dark sutural stripe; and in distinguishing from it some of his own species he appears to intimate that it has the elytra (at least near the suture) punctate-striate. A common and widely distributed South Australian Bothrideres presents the above characters, and I should consider it almost certainly B. vittatus, except that it has the side of the thorax very strongly angulated in the middle, a character that I can hardly suppose Mr. Pascoe would have failed to refer to if it were present in Newman’s type, JB. vittatus is said to be a Victorian insect. CUCUJIDA. CRYPTAMORPHA. C. Lindi, sp. nov. Minus elongata; sparsim longe pubescens ; rufo vel brunneo-testacea ; capite sparsim crasse obscure punctulato ; prothorace quam latiori haud longiori, con- fertim fortiter punctulato ; elytris sat fortiter punctulato- striatis, transversim obscure pone medium infuscatis. Long. 121., lat. $1. The head is very shining, with some sparse and lightly- impressed but coarse puncturation ; a strongly impressed line extends from the origin of the antennez to the base, and a smalier oblique furrow runs towards the eye. The length and width of the thorax are equal, and it is scarcely narrowed behind; the sides are almost parallel nearly to the base, whence they converge gently ; they are set with about six long hairs 199 springing from minute obscure prominences. The striation of the elytra is very slight, but the serial puncturation very large and strong, the interstices between the punctate strie very narrow, scarcely convex, smooth, and shining. The transverse infuscation behind the middle is very obscure (in some speci- mens scarcely traceable); it crosses the suture, but does not nearly reach the margins. The antenne legs and under-side scarcely differ in colour from the upper surface. Much less elongate, and much less narrowed behind than C. Desjardinsii, Guér., with the head and thorax much more coarsely punctured, the antenne differently coloured, &c.; from C. triguttata, Waterh., and C. optata, Olliffe, it differs in the puncturation of its head, and the long erect pubescence with which its whole surface is sparingly clothed. Not very uncommon at Port Lincoln. C. Olliffet, sp.nov. Sat elongata; sparsim longe pubescens ; rufo vel brunneo-testacea ; capite sparsim distincte punc- tulato; prothorace quam latiori haud longiori, profunde minus crebre punctulato; elytris sat fortiter punctulato- striatis, transversim obscure pone medium infuscatis. Long. 21., lat. 21. I do not observe any difference in colour or markings between this species and the preceding. It is, however, considerably more elongate and narrow, with the puncturation of the head evidently stronger and more defined, and that of the prothorax very much larger and more sparing. Im other respects it agrees very well with the description (above) of C. Lindi, differing from the other Australian species in respect of the same characters that distinguish C. Lindi from them. I have taken this insect both at Port Lincoln and near Adelaide. C. Victorieg, sp.nov. Minus elongata ; sparsim longe pubescens : fusco-testacea ; oculis valde prominentibus; capite pro- thoraceque rufescentibus confuse infuscatis ; hoe (leviter transverso) creberrime subtilius rugulose, illo crebre for- titer, punctulatis; elytris sat fortiter punctulato-striatis. Long. 21., lat. 21. (vix.) The single specimen before me of this insect is of a dull testaceous colour, the head and thorax reddish; much infuscated, but more on one side than the other, so that the infuscation is evidently abnormally distributed; there is a little obsolete infuscation about the base of the elytra also. The general form is somewhat intermediate between that of the preceding two, the prothorax by measurement being comparatively a little wider, however, while the head is much more strongly and closely punctured than in either of them, and the puncturation 200 of the prothorax is even closer and more rugose (though not coarsely so) than in C. Lindi, The eyes are even more promi- nent than in C. Desjardinsit. In other respects resembles the preceding two. I have taken a single specimen in Western Victoria. C. delicatula, sp. nov. Minus elongata; sparsim longe pubes- cens; rufo-testacea, pedibus dilutioribus, prothorace cuprescente; antennis gracilibus; oculis prominulis ; capite crebre fortiter, prothorace (quam latiori vix longiori) creberrime obscure, punctulatis; elytris sat fortiter punctulato-striatis. Long. 141. lat. 21. In general form this little species resembles C. Lindi, though its elytra are a little narrowed at the base, and consequently less parallel. The eyes are almost as prominent as in C. Victoria, and the head is even more closely and strongly punctured than in that species, although the punctures are individually smaller. The thoracic puncturation somewhat resembles that of C. Lindi, but is very much closer and finer. Its comparatively long and slender antenne distinguish it from all the other described Australian species of the genus. There is some obscure infus- cation about the elytra which takes the form of several scarcely traceable fasciz crossing the suture at intervals down its length, but not nearly reaching the margins. Port Lincoln. SILVANUS. S. advena, Waltl. This widely distributed insect has occur- red to me several times at Port Lincoln, doubtless introduced through the agency of commerce. I have not seen any previ- ous mention of its occurence in Australia. S. unidentatus, Fab.? I have taken, both in South Australia and in Victoria, an insect which I should have no hesitation in referring to this species were it not that Mr. Macleay has described a closely allied form under the name S. castaneus, which Mr. Olliffe in his recent “ List of the Cueujide of Aus- tralia’ distinguishes from the cosmopolitan insect by several characters—some of which my examples certainly present. I find that the thorax is decidedly longer and on the sides more sinuated than in average European specimens of S. unidentatus, also that its anterior angles are more prominent; but I do not observe the peculiarities of colour and puncturation that Mr. Olliffe mentions as characterising S. castaneus. Among European examples of S. unidentatus there is some tendency to variation in length of the thorax, and in Hawaiian speci- mens (which Dr. Sharp confirms me in referring to this species) the thorax is certainly longer than in ordinary types, and there is a tendency to other variety, such as some elongation of the 201 antenne. Taking all these considerations into account I do not think that the specimens before me should be treated as specifically distinct from S.: wnidentatus, Fab., and it would appear that they are certainly not in all respects similar to those which Mr. Olliffe speaks of under the name S. castaneus, Macl. CRYPTOPHAGIDAL. CRYPTOPHAGUS. C. affinis, Sturm? (var.? Australis), Brevis; sub-ovatus; cou- vexus ; pube sat longa vestitus ; ferrugineus; elytris sub- dilutioribus obscure fusco-notatis ; prothorace dense punc- tato, lateribus bidentatis, dente anteriori obtusiusculo. Long. 11. This little representative of a genus not hitherto recorded, I believe, as occurring in Australia is so extremely close to the European C. affinis that I hesitate to treat it as a distinct ‘species, all the more since Cryptophagus is a genus very liable to be disseminated through the channels of commerce; at the same time it presents tangible characters that entitle it to be named as being at least a localised variety. Compared with affinis it is slightly wider and shorter, and the anterior lateral projection of the thorax is evidently (though not very much) less strongly developed. The sixth, seventh, and eighth joints of the antenne also appear a little more slender as compared with the preceding joints than they are in affinis, and there is a little obscure infuscation about the elytra of most specimens, forming an obsolete triangle about the scutellum (discernible still more faintly in some examples of affinis) and a scarcely traceable fascia across the middle of the elytra (not at all indicated in,any of my specimens of affinis). I have met with this species near Adelaide, and also in the Port Lincoln district. LATHRIDIIDZ. MONOTOMA. IM. rufa, Redt. I have a specimen taken by me at Port Lin- ‘coln, which I am unable to distinguish from European examples of this insect. It is, however, extremely small, measuring barely one line in length, and the antenne appear a little elongate, so that it is just possible it may be a distinct closely ‘allied species. The genus Monotoma has not, I think, been previously recorded as occurring in Australia. LATHRIDIUS. L. nodifer, Westw. This ubiquitous insect has not, so far -as I know, been mentioned hitherto as Australian. At any rate 202 its name does not occur in Mr. Masters’ catalogue. I have, however, taken it not uncommonly near Port Lincoln, generally under the bark of Eucalyptus. L. costatipennis, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; minus elongatus; con- vexus ; brunneus; antennis brevibus; capite longitudinal- iter canaliculato; prothorace areolato pone medium con- stricto; elytris inequalibus sat crasse seriatim punctulatis ; interstitiis alternis subregulariter costatis. Long. 11. Antenne of the length of the thorax ; basal joint large, the second a half smaller, joints three to eight much smaller still and subequal, nine and ten corsiderably larger and produced on the inner side, scarcely different from each other in size; apical joint about double the size of the tenth, equal to the basal joint, obliquely truncate at apex; head rather roughly and coarsely punctured, with a median channel; thorax moderately constricted behind the middle, its length and breadth scarcely differing, widest across the front, its anterior angles somewhat rounded but by no means effaced, its surface intersected by coste (the interspaces of which are for the most part concave), there being a weil-marked wavy costa on either side of the median line, another well marked forming the lateral margin, and some obscure ones besides; elytra with a vague transverse depression a little behind the base, and another immediately before the middle, marked with rows of rather large coarse punctures, the alternate interstices being sharply and evenly cariniform; the first and third of the coste thus formed unit- ing at the apex, the second much shorter. This insect bears much resemblance to ZL. nodifer, from which I observe the following distinctions :—The thorax is compara- tively wider in front, with better marked anterior angles, and on the elytra the interstices of the rows of punctures are alter- nately quite flat and evenly keeled. From many other species of the genus it is distinguished by the two transverse depressed spaces (one behind the other) in the front part of the elytra. I have taken a single specimen in Western Victoria. LL. satelles, sp.nov. Minus nitidus; minus elongatus; convexus ; brunneus; antennis brevibus; capite longitudinaliter canaliculato; prothorace areolato, pone medium constricto ; elytris equalibus crasse seriatim punctulatis; interstitiis alternis regulariter costatis. Long. 2-11. Very closely allied to the preceding, but I think certainly distinct. The elytra are entirely devoid of transverse depres- sions, and have evidently larger punctures forming the longi- tudinal rows, and the alternate non-carinate interstices are not quite so flat and shining. The colour varies from dark blackish brown to light brownish testaceous. In the darker examples 2035 the antenne are pitchy at the apex. The thorax is about equally wide across the front and the base. Port Lincoln; not rare. LL. semicostatus, sp.nov. Minus nitidus; minus elongatus minus convexus; piceo-niger; labro mandibulis palpis et antennis testaceo-rufis; capite longitudinaliter canalicu- lato; prothorace longitudinaliter costato pone medium minus fortiter constricto; elytris seriatim punctulatis; in- terstitiis 3° (apicem versus), 5° et 7° costatis. Long. 21. Much more depressed than either of the preceding two; the antennz and head scarcely different from the same parts in LL. costatipennis; the thorax (evidently wider in front than behind) with some distinct, though only slightly raised, longi- tudinal costz, no evident transverse cost, and the interspaces hardly concave ; the elytra with very distinct rows of rather large punctures; the interval between the second and third of these rows scarcely raised except near the apex, the intervals. between the fourth and fifth and between the sixth and seventh rows finely but distinctly keeled throughout their length. The costz on the thorax and elytra are very much less raised. than in either of the preceding. The almost complete disap- pearance of the costation, in its anterior two-thirds, of the interval between the second and third rows of punctures on the elytra is a marked character. Port Lincoln ; a single specimen under bark of Hucalyptus. LL. nigromaculatus, sp. nov. Minus nitidus; sat elongatus ; sat convexus; testaceus, nigro-maculatus; capite longitudi- naliter canaliculato; prothorace obscure areolato, pone medium constricto ; elytris sat fortiter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis convexis. Long. #1. The basal part of the thorax is quite as wide as the front; the raised lines and convex spaces on its surface do not seem to differ much in pattern from those on the thorax of L. costatipennis, but they are quite faint, and not easy to trace even under a Coddington lens. The elytra are distinctly striated ; each stria has a row of large coarse punctures; the interstices are decidedly convex, but the alternate ones scarcely more so than the rest. A transverse depression crosses the elytra a little behind the base. The black markings on the elytra consist of an elongate blotch in front of the middle, between the second and fifth strie, two or three spots near the lateral margin in the front half, the hinder part of the suture, and an irregular fascia which crosses the suture a little behind the middle, but does not nearly reach the lateral margins. Examples thus marked bear a striking resemblance to some of the small species of 204 Helophorus, but in some specimens the dark markings are more obscure, and the resemblance to Helophorus less noticeable. Woodville, among dead leaves, &c. Not common. L. minor, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; minus elongatus; minus con- vexus; rufus; capite haud canaliculato; prothorace an- gusto, antice quam postice paullo latiori, obsolete areolato, pone medium constricto; elytris seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis alternis subtiliter costatis. Long., 2-3 1. ) Resembles LZ. semicostatus in shape but smaller, of a lively red colour, the thorax much narrower and the elytra differently costate. The thorax is scarcely a third the width of the elytra at their widest part, its surface is obscurely areolate, but the raised lines limiting the concave spaces are so faint that they cannot be traced continuously. The punctures in the rows on the elytra are shallow and rather small, the elevated alternate interstices very fine and slghtly raised but quite clearly traceable. The third of these cost is the most conspicuous ; it commences at the shoulder and near the apex turns inward towards the suture, which it nearly reaches. In some examples the head and thorax are a little infuscated. Port Lincoln; also near Adelaide. ZL. apicalis, sp. nov. Minus nitidus; minus elongatus; sat convexus ; fusco-brunneus; capite canaliculato; prothor- ace antice quam postice paullo latiori, distincte areolato pone medium constricto; elytris seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis alternis costatis; costis puncturisque apicem versus deficientibus. Long., 3 1. Rather closely allied to the preceding; apart from colour, ‘however, this insect differs from it in being of a less parallel form (having the elytra considerably narrower at the base than behind) and in the sculpture of the elytra. These have the rows of punctures much more obscure and the raised alternate interstices evidently wider; the sculpture moreover becomes slight and sub-obsolete near the apex, whereas in LZ. minor it is most strongly defined in that part. Port Lincoln. L. punctipennis, sp. nov. Sat nitidus; sat elongatus; sat con- vexus; piceo-rufus; capite canaliculato; prothorace an- tice quam postice paullo latiori, areolato, pone medium constricto ; elytris seriatim crassissime punctulatis; inter- stitiis alternis costatis. Long., 2 1. Very similar to Z. apicalis in shape, but differs strongly from it and from all the preceding by the extremely coarse punctura- tion of the elytra. The punctures in the pairs of rows between the cost are so large that the rows run into each other trans- versely and present the appearance of each interval between 205 the cost being occupied by a single row of large quadrangular transverse pits, about 20 in each row. The coste are very well marked. Port Lincoln. MYCETOPHAGID®. Typhea fumata, Linn. I have taken this widely distributed insect at Port Lincoln. I believe it has not been previously recorded as occurring in Australia. HETEROCERIDA. HETEROCERUS. H. Flindersi, sp. nov. EHlongato-oblongus; niger, griseo- pubescens ; prothoracis angulis posterioribus marginatis ; elytris subtiliter punctulatis, testaceo-notatis ; pedibus (genubus tibiarumque margine exteriori exceptis) pro- thoracis angulis anticis testaceis. Long. 1?—2 1. Head and prothorax opaque, excessively finely punctured, the latter narrow in front, wide behind; its sides gently arched, its posterior angles obtuse. Elytra not much wider than the thorax, finely (but as compared with most species of the genus not. particularly so) and evenly punctured. The lateral margins are testaceous, the testaceous border dilated and running out towards the disc of the elytra just in front of and just behind the middle; on the disc of each elytron are five narrow elongate testaceous marks ; two in front of the middle almost parallel to each other, the external one a little nearer the front than the other, two behind the middle, side by side, parallel, and in some examples coalescing, and one near the apex (varying in form from a mere line to the shape of the Greek letter gamma) which in most examples runs into the testa- ceous lateral border. On the underside the hind-body has a testaceous border. The legs are pale testaceous, the external margin of the tibie and (in many examples) the knees and even the inner margin of the tibie infuscated. Port Lincoln ; also on the banks of the Torrens near Ade- laide. H. multimaculatus, sp. nov. Sat elongatus; fuscus, griseo- pubescens; prothoracis angulis posterioribus marginatis ; huie margine laterali, antennis, pedibusque, testaceis ; *elytris pallide fuscis, longitudinaliter fusco multimacu- * While this paper was in the press, I received from Mr. R. H. Pulleine a specimen Heterocerus, in bad condition and quite denuded of pubescence, which I believe to be H. multimaculatus. In that case, the species is evi- dentiy variable in respect of colour, as the example which forms this note has elytra entirely blackish-brown, except a longitudinal line from the base on either side the scutellum, a semicircle between it and the margin, the margin itself, and a few spots near the apex, all which are testaceous. 206 latis, confertim subtiliter punctulatis, leviter striatis. Lone; 121, In shape and sculpture the head and thorax do not differ much from the same parts in the preceding species but they are rather more shining. The elytra are scarcely wider than the thorax, and the whole insect has an elongate parallel facies. The suture is broadly blackish in its anterior fifth part, the remainder of its length being very narrowly blackish. A fuscous line commences about the middle of each elytron close to the suture and runs parallel to the suture, almost to the apex, where it merges into a fuscous cloud, which overspreads the hind part of the suture but does not quite reach the apex. On each shoulder is a dark fuscous mark shaped like a horse- shoe, its convex edge touching the anterior margin. Im- mediately in front of the middle of each elytron, near to the lateral margin, is a large blackish spot between which and the suture is a narrow longitudinal blackish line. A little before the apex there is a dark mark shaped like z. The blackening of the anterior part of the suture and the horse-shoe-like mark on each shoulder produce together the appearance of five short and somewhat parallel longitudinal lines running out from the base, of which the external two on either side are joined on the anterior margin. The puncturation of the elytra is finely rugose and very close—much closer than in H. Plindersz. This insect seems to resemble H. Australasie, Waterh., in general form, especially in the slight narrowing of the elytra behind the shoulders, but to be distinguished from it by having the elytra evidently striated, and very differently marked. It is difficult to specify the differences from the Queensland H. Mastersi, Macleay (whick it resembles in having striated elytra), owing to the brevity of the description of that insect ; but the first word in the description, “ black,’’ would seem to preclude the identification with it of a species in which there is no genuinely black colour atall. Indeed, except for this expression “black,” and the mention of the striation of the elytra, there is nothing in the description to show that H. Australasie may not be identical with it. I possess a single specimen, taken near the Grange, on the banks of the Torrens. LAMELLICORNES. PACHYGASTRA. I have before me three specimens of an insect which I cannot doubt is that described by Germar under the name Pachygastra Tasmanica. The author is unsatisfactorily brief in character- ising the elytral sculpture, saying merely that the elytra are faintly seriate-punctate, with interstices confusedly punctured, 207 and a single sutural stria. In the species that forms the sub- ject of this note the rows of punctures (besides that in the strongly marked sutural stria) are eight in number on each elytron, and are placed in very obsolete striz, running in pairs, the interval between the two of each pair being slightly con- vex, narrow, and scarcely punctulate, while the intervals between the pairs are wide, flat, and distinctly punctured. Germar, moreover, gives no information regarding the propy- gidium and pygidium of his insect. Jn the specimens before me the former is finely and closely punctured, the latter coarsely and sparingly, but not deeply; and both are densely clothed with long hairs. The great width and strong external bidentation of the anterior tibie, and the peculiar structure of the antenne, together with the long dense villosity of the underside and legs are well marked characters mentioned by Germar, the presence of which in the specimens before me seem to justity their identification with P. Tasmanica, more especially as I know that one (at least) of them was taken in the immediate vicinity of the place where most of the species described by Germar were collected. Assuming the correctness of this identification, I think that this insect must be regarded as the type of a distinct genus, for which, of course, Germar’s name Pachygastra must be used. Burmeister assigns the insect to Haplonycha. According to Schaum, Germar used the name Pachygastra by accident for Prochelyna, to which genus however that great authority, M Lacordaire, greatly doubts its appertaining. Having dis- sected a specimen, [ am able to say that it cannot be referred either to Haplonycha or Prochelyna, the six-jointed club of the antenne (in one sex at least) and the peculiar labrum and front tibie forbidding its association with the species for which M. Blanchard founded Haplonycha, while the toothed maxille separate it widely from Prochelyna. This last named character seems inconsistent with any close relationship to the insects associated by Dr. Sharp under the name Systellopides, to which, nevertheless, I belheve it in reality allied. [It is worthy of note that in one genus of that group, Systellopus, the learned author mentions the presence on the maxilla of a ‘small ob- scure black tubercle or tooth.”] In one of the specimens before me the apical ventral segment is evidently longer than in the other specimens, from which I conclude that both sexes are represented in this short series, and that the differences between them are very slight. The following characters no doubt include some that may be considered generic; clypeus very strongly concave, separated from the forehead by an almost straight impressed suture; its outline nearly semi- circular, its margin scarcely elevated close to the forehead, but 208 (owing to the forward deepening of the concavity of the sur- face) becoming more so towards the front, till in the middle of the anterior edge it forms a rampart about half as high as the whole clypeus is long. The front face of the clypeus is per- pendicular, and somewhat higher than the apical joint of the maxillary palpiis long; at the bottom of this perpendicular face the labrum projects in a plane exactly at right angles with the plane of that face. The labrum is a thin plate scarcely at all thickened in the middle, and only very slightly bent into an arch transversely ; it is widely gently and trian- eularly emarginate in front with rounded front angles and sides, its width about three times its greatest length; it projects forward from the perpendicular face of the clypeus in such manner that each of its lateral mar- gins is about as long as the apical joint of the maxillary palpi, and that its length down the middle is about half that of the sides (I do not know any other Australian Melolontha whose labrum approaches this form). The mentum is a little longer than wide, with its ligular suture not defined, abruptly narrowed at the insertion of the labial palpi and con- tinuing to contract slightly thence to the apex which is sub- truneate and about half as wide as the base; the surface is clothed with long hairs, and a membranous lobe projects obliquely on either side underneath the basal joint of the labial palpi. Of these latter the basal joint is elongate-cylin- dric, the second almost globular, the third subconie, and about equal in length to the first. The maxille are of the same length as the mentum-and of a very simple form, the outline externally being a slight even curve and internally an almost straight line; there are three or four distinct sharp teeth on the inner margin near the apex. The maxillary palpi are in- serted very near the apex of the maxilla, than which they are not much longer ; the basal joint is very small, the second and fourth about equal to each other, the third decidedly shorter than the second or fourth. The club of ;the antenne is much longer than the other joints together, and is scarcely shorter than the entire head; its basal joint is a little shorter than the rest ; of the joints not belonging to the club the first is longer than the other two together, and in shape is bent piriform; the second joint springs from the inner side of the first a little before its apex, and resembles the first in shape; the third is equal to the second in length, and is somewhat parallel-sided, in one example, however (probably a male), having a strong sharp tooth projecting from its inner face. The anterior tibize are very peculiar ; the external margin is strongly dilated with a curved outline to a distance from its base about equal to the length of the antennal club, at which point the tibia is about 209 two-thirds as wide as the antennal club is long; at this point a deep external emargination cuts the tibia half through, which thus reduced in width continues gradually contracting with a curve outwards till this lower contracted piece is a little more than half as long as the part above the external emar- gination, and is narrowly rounded off at the apex. The anterior tarsus is inserted at the part where the tibia is at its widest; a strong spine (as long as the basal joint of the tarsus) springs from the tibia just above the insertion of the tarsus; this latter is considerably longer than its tibia; the apex of its basal joint is about level with the extreme apex of the tibia. The intermediate and especially the hind tibiz are much com- pressed and dilated towards the apex, the greatest diameter of the latter at the apex being scarcely less than half the length of the whole limb. ‘These tibie have only one well-defined transverse carina each; the intermediate tarsi are about half again and the hind tarsi twice as long as their tibie. On the upper surface the hinder part of the head bears a number of long erect hairs; a fringe of similar hairs runs along the lateral margins of the prothorax; a dense mass of long woolly hairs protrudes from the base of the prothorax over the base of the elytra; the propygidium is thickly and the pygidium thinly clothed with long pubescence. On the under side the whole surface in front of the hind body is buried in very dense long and woolly pubescence which extends itself, though with less density, along the sides of the hind body. The femoraand tibiz are fringed with long hairs not very closely placed. The abdominal stigmata seem to be of the usual Melolonthid type and arrangement. For the benefit of anyone who may not possess a copy of Germar’s memoir I will complete the above remarks by saying that the insect which forms their subject is from 9 to 101. long and about 61. wide. It is of a clear chestnut brown colour, with the head darker, the external part of the anterior tibize and the apices of the other tibize black, and the pilosity pale fawn coloured. The hinder part of the head is closely and strongly and the clypeus and prothorax scarcely less strongly but much less closely punctured. The three specimens known to me of this species were taken at various places around Adelaide. As far as I can ascertain no insect has been described that can be considered congeneric with this. MACLEAYIA. This genus (described by me on page 29 of the present vol.) is evidently near to Microthopus, Burm., with which it is just possibly identical, if Dr. Burmeister might have been in error N 210 in regarding asa male the specimen on which he founded hig genus; although the antennal characters he gives would not be quite satisfactory if regarded as describing even the female of my Macleayia. I draw attention to this because there is un- doubtedly very little difference between JWicrothopus and Macleayia, except in respect of their antennal peculiarities. Neither of the insects I described as appertaining to Macleayia seems to be specifically (even if it should prove to be generically) identical with MWicrothopus castanopterus. RHOPZA. This genus is characterised with extreme brevity in the *“TInsecten Deutschlands (4.p. 1848),”’ where its author (Dr. Erichsen) introduces it (quite casualiy) into a tabulation of the Melolonthid genera, its place in which indicates some par- ticulars regarding its antenne, labial palpi, and claws. A note is added as follows: “New genus from New Holland ; antennal club of the male six jointed, pygidium blunt at apex.” Two years later M. Blanchard described the species (from N.S.W.) on which Erichsen had founded the genus under the name #. Verreauxit. Five years later stiil Dr. Burmeister characterised the genus at much greater length, slightly alter- ing the definition of its antenne in order to admit into it Melolontha heterodactyla of Germar. Finally, in 1856, M. Lacodaire mentioned the characters of the genus in his ‘Genera des Coléoptéres,” but ignored the alteration that Dr. Burmeister had made, remarking that Germar’s insect ought to be the type of a new genus. I am acquainted with a species which, I am quite satisfied, is R. heterodactyla of Germar, and with another species which I am satisfied cannot be generically separated from it, although the number of joints in its antennal club is different. There seems to be no good reason for excluding either of these from Rhopea apart from the difference in the number of joints composing the antennal club, and I cannot look upon that alone as a valid generic distinction, especially when it is noted that the club seems to be formed in each case upon the same plan, the basal two and the apical six joints in all these species showing little variation, and the difference depending on whether joints three and four belong to the dilated or the un- dilated series. I think therefore that Dr. Burmeister should be followed in this matter, and | have no hesitation in attributing to the genus Rhopea the following species although its male has an antennal club consisting of eight joints. f. magnicornis, sp. nov. Minus elongata, breviter necdense pubescens; rufescens (nonnullis exemplis_ prothoracis disco obscurior1) ; capite prothoraceque densissime, elytris 211 duplo, punctulatis; subtus sterno dense longe villoso, abdomine breviter pubescenti Maris flabello 8-articulato. Long.121. Lat. 61. The resemblance of this insect to R. heterodactyla, Germ., is very striking indeed. Placed beside that species it is some- what wider and less elongate, with the thorax decidedly though slightly (in heterodactyla it is hardl y) lobed behind, its margins a trifle less strongly crenulate (perhaps only an individual aberration), and its surface distinctly less finely and closely punctured. There does not appear to be any tangible differ- ence in the sculpture of the elytra or pygidium, or in the structure of the legs. The antenne are quite different; the basal joint is elongate piriform, the second very small, the third not much shorter than the first but prolonged internally at the apex into an elongate lamina not much shorter than each of the following seven joints, which with it form an arched club not much shorter than the anterior tibia. There is a single specimen in the South Australian Museum marked as having been taken in South Australia. N.B.—The South Australian Museum possesses also a speci- men which I cannot doubt is the female of this species. It has the clypeus evenly rounded in front, the thorax more narrowly and distinctly lobed behind, and ‘the antennal club smaller and only six-jointed, the basal two joints as in the male, the third longer than the first and cylindric, the fourth feebly spined on the inner side. The apical ventral segment is very much shorter than in the male. The tarsi do not differ noticeably from those of the male, the hindmost pair in both sexes being scarcely shorter than their tibie. HOLOPHYLLA (Hrichsen). This genus is so uncertainly characterised that there is a risk in attributing any species to it. It originally appeared in the ‘Ins. Deutsch.” merely in a tabulation of the ‘“ Tanyproc- tini”’ with a note of three lines attached, mentioning two or three characters and stating that it was from New Holland. From its place in the tabulation it would appear that it has the abdominal segmental sutures not soldered together and only a single tooth on the claws. Dr. Burmeister (Handb. der Ent.) characterises the genus much more fully, but states that Erichsen was mistaken in saying that the abdominal sutures are not soldered together, and also (without remark on the discrepancy) attributes two teeth to its claws. Dr. Bur- meister, however, does not compare Holophylla with Rhopea, which from the description it must resemble very closely. In- deed, I cannot from the description discover any tangible dis- tinction mentioned except that the joints of the palpi in the 212 former are much swollen, and that the head is wider than in Rhopea. M. Lacordaire (in the ‘“‘Gen. des Col.’’) throws no light on the matter, as he has not seen the type, but merely remarks on the original description. The following species I attribute to Holophylla, as that genus is characterised by Dr. Burmeister. It presents all the charac- ters definitely assigned to the genus, and differs notably from Rhopea in the shortness of all its palpi, the joints of which (except the apical of the maxillary) are conspicuously swollen. Whether it be a true Holophylla or not it 1s evidently new and cannot be assigned to any other genus. Evidently belonging to the true Melolonthide it differs inter alia from Rhopea, as already mentioned, and from Lepidiota and Lepidoderma in the entirely different structure of its antenne. From the species of FRehopea it differs as follows (inter alia):—From Verreauxt (known to me only by description) in its seven-jointed antennal club; from the other two in its very much more sparingly punctured prothorax, &c., &c.; from the already described species of Holophylla (furfuracea, Burm.) it differs by its larger size, spurred anterior tibie, &., Xe. H. Australis, sp. nov. Sat nitida; elongata-ovata; supra pilis adpressis et setis fulvis longis erectis vestita; subtus antice dense fulvo-pilosa, postice breviter pubescens ; nigro-fusca, antennis, oris membris, prothoracis lateribus, abdomine (inparté). et pedibus pallidioribus; supra duplo- punctata; tibiis anticis apice intus unispinosis. Long. 101., lat. 51. Maris flabello 7-articulato. The erect hairs on the upper surface are thick and long on the head, prothorax, and scutellum; on the elytra they grow shorter and more sparing backward. The clypeus is sinuately truncate in front, its margins strongly elevated, its surface coarsely punctured; the hinder part of the head is closely, roughly, and finely punctured ; the declivous front part of the clypeus (visible from beneath) is pale testaceous. The pro- thorax isa trifle more than half again as wide as down the middle it is long, and is nearly twice as wide at the base as in front; its sides are crenulate and moderately rounded ; its an- terior angles are little marked, its posterior obtuse ; its surface is sprinkled (closely at the sides, sparingly in the middle) with small and larger punctures, from the former of which spring short adpressed hairs, from the latter long erect ones. The scutellum is punctured like the prothorax. The elytra are similarly sculptured in respect of the small punctures, but the larger ones (while similar near the base) are confused behind by various obscure ill-defined furrows or wrinkles (somewhat 213 transverse near the margins), among which may be faintly traced some four or five running lengthwise down the elytra besides a well-defined sutural stria; the intervals between some of these furrows are not quite flat. The pygidium is closely and obscurely punctuate, and is clothed with very short, very closely set, erect hairs. The colour of the hind body varies from obscure ferruginous, a little clouded with dark brown, to nearly uniform dark brown. The legs do not seem to differ at all from those of Rhopea, having the anterior tibie tridentate externally, the four posterior with a small external spine in- stead of a carina. The anterior tarsi are a little longer than, the intermediate equal to, the posterior a little shorter than, their tibiz. On the hind tibie the inner apical spine is no- ticeably longer and straighter than the outer one. In the male the basal joint of the antenne is pear shaped and not very elongate, the second very short, the third nearly as long as the first (bent outwards, but with a strong angula- tion on the inner margin), the fourth slightly shorter than the remaining six, with which it forms a very elongate (as long as the anterior tibia down to the insertion of the tarsus) and narrow club. In the only female before me the club is unfortunately broken off both antennez ; the apical ventral segment is very short. I have received this insect from Mr. Rothe, of Sedan; there is a specimen from Kangaroo Island (taken by Mr. Tepper) in the South Australian Museum, which also possesses a specimen much paler in colour from Port Victor. N.B.—I should conjecture that the apical spurs of the an- terior tibiz had been accidentally broken off the type on which Dr. Burmeister’s description is founded. If this were the case Hf. Australis would still differ from it in its much larger size (furfuracea is said to be ‘‘somewhat smaller than Rkiz sols- titialis”’) and in the well-defined sutural stria of the elytra, &&c., &C. LEPIDIOTA. LL. Rothe, sp. nov. Elongata-ovata; convexa; supra sparsim, subtus densissime, albo-squamulata; capite prothoraceque sparsius profunde, elytris crebre sat fortiter, punctulatis ; his singulis quadricostatis. Long. 8 1., lat. 41. (vix). The clypeus is about four times as wide as long, reflexed, and emarginate in front; it and the head are covered not very closely with large deep punctures. The prothorax is nearly twice as wide as down the middle it is long ; its base is nearly half again 3s wide as its front margin; its sides are very strongly dilated, the prothorax being at its widest just behind 214 the middle ; its surface is strongly punctured, very closely on the sides, quite sparingly in the middle; the lateral margins are crenulate. The scutellum is punctured uniformly with the dise of the prothorax. The elytra are widest considerably be- hind the middle; they are punctured rather more finely and much more closely than the dise of the prothorax, the distinct- ness of the puncturation being obscured by a great deal of transverse wrinkling; the system of puncturation is inter- rupted, but the transverse wrinkles only partially so by four very slightly elevated shining coste on each elytra. The pygidium is punctured coarsely and closely, but not deeply, the propygidium only very obscurely. Each puncture on the upper surface is occupied by a small white scale, which in the punctures about the middle line of the insect scarcely protrudes and from those on the sides protrudes only slightly. The underside femora and tibiz are punctured, the hind coxe and hind body very closely, finely, and shallowly, the rest more strongly and sparsely. The puncturation of the underside, however, is quite hidden by mingled white and brownish scales, which are very closely packed except on the femora and tibie. Tbe anterior tibie are strongly tridentate externally ; the four hinder tibize have no distinct transverse carina, but an external spine on the middle of each of them. The hind tarsi are shorter than their tibia. The basal joint of the antenne is quite half as long as the rest together. The club consists of three short joints. A single specimen has been sent and kindly presented to me by Mr. Rothe, of Sedan. From its elongate apical ventral seg- ment I think it is a male. PANSCHIZUS. P. pallidus, mihi. I think it not improbable that this insect (described by me on page 51 of the present vol.) is identical with Anoplostethus opalinus, Brullé, of which I had not seen the original description at the time I wrote. The genus Anoplostethus is stated by its author to have the claws all simple, except that the larger intermediate claw is very slightly bifid, and M. Lacordaire (Gen. des. Coléoptéres, IIL1., p. 373) states that Ad. opalinus is a very beautiful blue insect. As the insect I had before me is of a very pale yellow-green colour, and had the larger claw on all the tarsi quite strongly bifid, I took it to be certainly distinct from M. Brullé’s species. The description of A. opalinus, however (now before me), agrees so well in general respects with my P. pallidus that I think they are probably founded on the two sexes of the same insect ; as I have seen two specimens of it (one of them quite freshly taken), both agreeing in colour, and being neither blue nor especially 215 beautiful, I am quite unable to account for M. Lacordaire’s statement. It will be observed that in my description of P. pallidus I mentioned its affinity to A. opalinus and its differing in colour and in the structure of the claws. NOVAPUS. N. Adelaide, sp. nov. Late oblongus; sat nitidus; subtus dense rufo-hirsutus; prothorace basin versus angustato, margine basali integro; elytris subpunctulato-striatis ; scutello vix, vel obscure lineatim, punctulato. Long. 8, 1L1.; lat. (elytrorum) 4¢—5 1. Mas. capite cornu lato, erecto, apice leviter dilatato et emarginato; prothorace elytris latiori, medio a margine anteriore fere ad basin late profunde impresso. Fem. capite haud tuberculato ; prothorace elytris angustiori, haud impresso. Closely allied to NW. crassus, Shp., and differing from it chiefly by the female having no tubercle on its head and no im- pression on the front of the prothorax. The scutellum of crassus 1s said to be ‘‘ strongly punctured.” In this insect the extreme scutellar puncturation I have seen is a line of punc- tures following the shape of the scutellum a little within the margins, but generally the scutellum has only traces of such line or is smooth. The following are characters of NV. Adelaide not mentioned by Dr. Sharp as possessed by WV. crassus :— Front margin of prothorax suddenly concave behind the ciypeal horn; prothorax fringed all round with pale reddish hairs, and pygidium similarly fringed round all its edges. The thorax of the female as compared with that of the male is more strongly punctured than I should from description judge it to be in XV. erassus. In both sexes the prothorax is widest in front of the middle, and is narrowed thence to the front and base, but so that the actual front margin is less than half the width of the base. I have seen a good many specimens taken in the Adelaide district. NV. striato-punctulatus, sp. nov. Late oblongus; sat nitidus; subtus dense rufo-hirsutus ; prothorace basin versus minus fortiter angustato, margine basali integro; scutello con- fertim rugose punctulato; elytrorum disco antice sat fortiter punctulato-striato. Long. 1231., lat. 64. 1. Mas. capite cornu sat lato erecto, apice leviter dilatato et emarginato; prothorace elytris haud latiori, medio a margine anteriori haudquaquam ad basin late profunde impresso. Fem. Latet. 216 Differs from the preceding as follows :—The prothorax is less decidedly notched behind the head, its puncturation being coarser, its excavation occupying only its anterior four-fifths, and having less elevated sides, and its margins being less con- tracted behind (the base is fully seven-eighths of the greatest width) ; the scutellum is closely and roughly punctulate. The dise of each elytron to near the apex is strongly punctulate- striate, the sutural (except the sutural stria) and marginal por- tions being confusedly and strongly punctulate. There is a single specimen in the South Australian Museum. The exact locality of its capture is not known. PENTODON. P. Australis, sp. nov. Piceo-niger; nitidus; clypeo antice bidentatus, postice bituberculatus; prothorace vix evi- denter punctulato; elytris irregulariter striatis seriatim gemellato-punctulatis. Long. 7—8 1. Maris tarsis anticis et unguiculo interno valde dilatatis. Var. Corpore toto castaneo-rufo. The colour is very variable, some specimens being almost black, some having the antenne, palpi, and legs (especially the tarsi) reddish, some being entirely of a chestnut colour. The head is rather finely punctured and transversely wrinkled, except near the base, where it is almost smooth. The thorax is about one-third as wide again as long, is quite simple in both sexes, deeply emarginate in front, rounded and ciliated on the sides, with the front angles acute and the hind angles rounded ; under a very strong lens the surface is seen to be dulled by minute close puncturation on which are some much more sparing and larger (but still very fine) punctures. On the dise of each elytron are about four striz which are short- ened before or behind, or at both ends, and also eight rows of gemellated punctures shortened more or less (in a variable manner—those near the suture are im some examples entire), some of which run in stris ; between the suture and the first row of punctures, and still more between the eighth and the lateral margin the puncturation is confused and very sparing ; close to the apex it is confused and close. The anterior tibie in both sexes have three long, sharp, external teeth, with an additional one above and below the upper of the three, these additional teeth being usually very small, but in some examples not very much smaller than the others. On the underside there is scarcely any puncturation along the middle line, while at the sides there are rather fine punctures with very large ones sparingly intermixed, these last running in rows on the ventral segments. 217 In the male the ventral sutures are very strongly impressed, and there is an oblique membranous interval (very little nar- rower than the segment itself) between the fifth and sixth seg- ments and another behind the sixth segment; the front tarsi have all the joints deformed (angulated beneath, angularly- emarginate at the apex and more or less transverse), increas- ingly so from the base onwards to the fifth joint, which is not transverse, but is a swollen mass about equal in bulk to the club of the antenne and quite three times as large as the fourth joint. One of the claws is simple, the other a broad bent lamina, much like what one of the joints of the antennal club would be if similarly bent. In the female the apical joint of the front tibie is a little swollen. Notwithstanding the presence of organs of stridulation (in the shape of coarse confused granulation on the middle of the propygidium) the under surface of the elytra has'the fringe of hairs which M. Lacordaire (Gen. Col. iii., p. 889 note) con- siders inconsistent with stridulation. I have dissected a specimen and do not find it to differ generically from Pentodon. | This species is widely distributed in South Australia. I have seen but one male. PSEUDOPIMELOPUS gen. nov. Pimelopodi affinis; differt maris capite cornu armato, pro- thorace antice excavato (partis excavate margine postico medio elevato). The genus Pimelopus was founded by Dr. Erichsen on a female Dynastid from Tasmania. Some time afterwards Dr. Burmeister described the male of a species which he called Pimelopus nothus. M. Lacordaire, in his great work on the genera of the Coleoptera, worked out from the descriptions of these two insects a complete diagnosis of the genus Pimelopus. The examination of aconsiderable number of specimens has forced me to the conclusion that Pimelopus porcellus, Er., and P. nothus, Burm., cannot be treated as generically identical. I am about to describe a new species from S. Australia as Pseudopimelopus Lindi which is evidently congeneric with and closely allied to P. nothus, Burm., but I have before me other species evidently congeneric with P. porcellus, Er., the males of which differ from the male of Pseudopimelopus in having merely a small tubercle on the head, and the thorax undistinguishable from that of the female. They possess the character of having elytra with a strongly swollen appearance and unusually wide in proportion to the thorax (as in the description of P. porcellus, Er.) which Pseudopimelopus Lindi has not, with 218 tarsi notably shorter than in Pseudopimelopus (another dis- tinction noted by Burmeister between EHrichsen’s P. Porcellus and his P. nothus). In Pseudopimelopus Lindi, moreover, the hind and intermediate tibize have only one well defined transverse keel, and the basal joint of the hind tarsi is shorter across the apex than down its central line, while in the species IT regard as true Pimelopus there are two strong transverse keels on the middle and hind tibiz and the basal joint of the hind tarsi is decidedly wider across its apex than its length down the middle line. I have dissected several specimens. without discovering any difference likely to be generic in the mouth organs. P. Lindi, sp. nov. Nitidus; fusco-castaneus ; capite ruguloso, clypeo antice bidentato ; prothorace (maris parte excavata exceptaé) vix evidenter punctulato ; elytrorum disco sub- tilius seriatim punctulato; subtus castaneo-pubescens. Long. 10—11 1. Lat 5—-54 1. Mas. capite cornu recurvo armato; prothorace antice excavato, parte excavata reticulatim rugata, hujus margine postico medio angulatim elevato. Fem. capite vix bituberculato ; prothorace equalli. The colour varies to some extent, the head and prothorax in many examples being darker, and the underside and femora paler than the other parts. The sculpture of the head and clypeus consists of coarse puncturation or wrinkles which in some specimens (mostly males) seems to be partly obliterated. The clypeus is strongly transverse and moderately wide in front, where it is strongly bisinuate in an upward direction ; in the male the clypeal suture forms the well defined lateral edges of a stout recurved horn, of which the front face rises. almost from the front margin of the clypeus and the hind face from the level of the front of the eyes. The distance from the front of the clypeus to the apex of the horn is about equal to, and the height of the hind face of the horn above the head is about half as great as, the greatest width of the clypeus. In the female the clypeal suture is not strongly marked, and being least evidently defined in the middle gives the head a slight appearance of being bi-tuberculate. The prothorax in the male is just about, in the female a little less than, half again as wide as long; the front margin is rather more than half as wide as the base; the sides are strongly (male) or moderately (female) rounded ; in both sexes the surface is very shining and hardly distinctly punctured; in the male there is a large flat-bottomed excavation occupying the middle two-thirds of somewhat less than the anterior two-thirds of the segment. The floor of this excavation is finely and reticu- 219 lately wrinkled, its hind margin is well defined and runs up: from either side to a somewhat tubercle-like angulation in the middle. The scutellum is impunctate. The elytra are not quite twice as long as the prothorax; their sculpture is as. follows: a well defined entire sutural stria followed by a smooth space, then five rows of very fine punctures which scarcely pass the middle of the elytron (the third of these rows is somewhat confused by means of a few scattered punctures outside the row), then a space in which the punc- tures of about two rows seem to be mixed together, then two more distinct rows a little longer than the rest, then an impunctate space extending to the margin; all the system of puncturation is placed somewhat obliquely, inclining towards. the suture hindward; the hinder fourth part of the space outside the system of puncturation, and the apex, are finely, confusedly, and rather closely punctulate. In both sexes the propygidium is coarsely rugose and clothed with golden hairs, and the pygidium is closely punctulate and wrinkled near the base (where there is a fringe of leng golden hairs) and im- punctate or nearly so behind. The underside (except the ventral segments which are punctured only near the lateral margins) and legs are much clothed with long reddish or golden hairs. The intermediate ventral segments are much shorter in the male than in the female. The anterior tibie are strongly tridentate externally in both sexes; the inter- mediate and posterior are unicarinate, with some indication of another carina near the base, the carina and the apex being fringed with a close-set row of thick scale-like bristles. I do not find much tendency in this insect to vary. In some examples the sculpture of the head has a blurred appear- ance, as though it were rubbed out, and in some it consists of puncturation rather than wrinkles, and vice versd. The development of the hind margin of the prothoracic excavation in the male also varies a little; in the specimen on which the above description was founded that margin rises in a nearly straight line from either side to the central prominence which is not directed upward so strongly as in some other examples, while it is not unusual to find the sides of the hind margin of the excavation more or less decidedly sinuous on either side of the central prominence. Apparently allied to Pimelopus nothus, Burm. (which as mentioned above, is evidently a member of this genus). Dr. Burmeister distinguishes that insect from the next to it, P. lavis (of which only the female is known, and therefore the generic position is doubtful), by (among other characters) its clypeus not being bidentate in tront; this character, together with the presence of some elytral striation, will also distinguish 220 P. nothus from P. Lindi, The elytra of P. levis are devoid of vol No: E Turin—Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia compa- rata della Universita di Torina; vol. II., Nos. 19 to 26. Victoria—Transactions of {the Geological Society of Victoria ;. vol. L., part 1. Australasian Statistics for 1885 and Report. Do., part 5 interchange. Report of the School of Mines, Ballarat, for 1886. Victorian Year Book, 1885-6, H. H. Hayter. ——— The Australian Journal of Pharmacy; vol. II., No. 15. —-— Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria: vol. X XII. The Victorian Naturalist; vol. IV., Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4,. 5, 6. —-— list of Members of the Geological Society of Aus- tralasia, &e. ———— Annual Report of the Field Naturalists’ Society of Victoria for 1887. Patents and Patentees, with Index, for 1886. Vienna—Kaiserlich Academie der Wissenchaften in Wien. Sitzung der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaft- lichen Classe; Nos. XIX. to XXIV., 1886, 25,. 26, 27, and index, 1887, Nos. 1 to 8, 11 to 14. 318 der Kaiserlich-Ko6niglichen — Zoo- logisch- botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien; XXV., Band 2; XXVI., Band 1 and 2. Verhandlungen der K K. eeologischen Reichanstalt; Nos. 1 to 12, 1886. Washington—Report of the Board on behalf of United States Executive Departments at the International Exhibition, 1876 ; vols. L., II. —___-—_ Bulletins of the United States Geological Survey; Nos. 15 to 26—29. ———_——_ Fifth Annual Report, U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, 1883-4: ——————_ U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories; vol. IX.—Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of Baritan clays and greensand marls of New Jersey. ————-_ Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institute for 1884; vols. I. and if is il 319 LIST OF FELLOWS, MEMBERS, &e. NoveMBER, 1887. Those marked (F) were present at the first meeting when the Society was founded. asterisk have contributed papers. Those marked (1) are Life Fellows. HONORARY FELLOWS. Barkley, Sir Henry, K.C.M.G., K.C.B. oe : Bllery, h. L.Jd., F.B.S. .. Melbourne : *Garran, A., LL. 'D. Sydney *Hull, H. M. Hobart ae Jervois, Sir W. F, D., K.C. M. Gas B. New Zealand = Little, E. ot oe Macleay, Hon. W., F.LS.. Sydney .. =: *Mueller, Baron F. von, K. C.M. é, F.R. S. -» Melbourne os *Russell, BH. C., B. A., E.R. A. 5. Sydney ie Warburton, Col. P. E., C.M.G. -. Beaumont me *Woods, Rev. J. E. T., E.L.S., F.G.8. Sydney .. == CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Bailey, F. M., F.L.S. Brisbane a Canham, J. =: Stuart’s Creek *Cloud, T. OI A C. S. =e Wallaroo... an *Kast, ee J. Ss -- Prospect .. se *Foelsche, Panky st # .. Palmerston te Goldstein, J. R. Y. Melbourne are *Hayter, H. H., M.A., C. M. Gs E.S. S. Melbourne oe Se Maurice . Palmerston Kempe, Rev. J. .. oe Finke .. Nicholay, Rev. C. G. a. .. Fremantle, W.A. *Richards, Mrs. A. ae #. ‘Belfana. cs KS *Stirling, James, F.L.8. .. &..e@MCOs 9.F. ae FELLOWS. *Adamson, D.B. .. Se .. Adelaide... ie AdeseksD. J. we he .- Adelaide... = Angas, J. H. ae Angaston - Bagot, John ote Adelaide .. ae *Blackburn, Rev. Thos., M. ‘A. Woodville ze Boettger, Otto .. .. Adelaide.. he Bragg, Prof. ; ote .. Adelaide.. = Brown, J. H., F.L. ‘Ss. .. Adelaide.. Se Brown, L. G. 5: oe -. Two Wells Ae Those marked with an Date of Election. 1857 1876 1853 1855 1878 1855 1878 1879 1876 1858 1877 1881 1880 1881 1884 1882 1880 1878 1882 1880 1886 1880 1883 1867 1887 1874 1887 1887 1884 1886 1882 1882 320 *Brown, H. Y. L., ¥.G.8. .+ .. Adelaide.. U -. 2686 Bruer, J. a5 ae .. Adelaide.. as o. J268e Bussell, J. W. .. aia .. Adelaide.. oe, -. 1884 *Campbell, Hon. Allan, M.L.C., L.R.C.P. Edin. .. Adelaide. oF -. L682 *Chalwin, Thos., M.R.C.V.S. Eng. Adelaide . o» sre Chapple, F., B. re 5:50. 5. Prince Alfred College s. A876 “Cleland, W. Tic M. Bi Ch.M., F.R.M. s. Parkside . ois -. 1879 *(L)Cooke, E. ° ee Adelaide .. < -s 1876 *Cooke, W. Ernest, ts: Ao vis .» Adelaide.. avs eo L885 Cox, W. C. “5 oe .. Semaphore ne -. 4880 Cornish, W. H. .. = .. Adelaide.. Je o« LS8e *Crawford, F.S. .. -- -. Adelaide.. a és. 1868 *Davenport, Sir Samuel a -., Adelaide .. a: -. 1856 Davies, Edward .. : .. Adelaide.. oe .. Jee *Davis, F. W. - 5 .. Adelaide .. ath -» Jose *Dixon, Samuel .. a -- Adelaide.. = os “4558 Dobbie, A.W. .. -- .- Adelaide.. A o- J257e Elder, Sir Thomas ia .. Adelaide.. nis -- -LO7e Eyres, Thos. 3 a .. Adelaide. = =» Say. Fleming, David .. aye - INOEtI Adelaide = .. 1886. *Fletcher, Rev. W. R., M. AS .- Kent Town a sv; Lee Foote, H. +e : ve Qutalpa... aa -. 1883 Fowler, W. oo” ANUIRAES a be -. 1882 Gardner, Wnm., M. D., C. M. .. Adelaide.. a ~.. 18h Gol HTP. Bre .. Adelaide... os oo Atte Gill, Thomas... -- .. Adelaide.. os oe {ya Gosse, John, M.R:.C.8. .. .- Wallaroo ae -- 1884 *Goyder, Geo., jun. a .. Adelaide.. on » Joo Grashy, W..C. %% aie .- Adelaide.. ae .- Joe Grundy... B. “... => .- Adelaide.. 4: -. 1882 * Harris, C: H. aie 5: -. Adelaide. - -. 1883 Harrold-A.. 1i.. ‘a. .. Adelaide.. — oo 187 Hay, Hon. A., M.L.C. s: .. Adelaide.. =: s3 1868 Henry, A., M.D... “- .. Adelaide.. =. oo AGBee Hopkins, Rev. W. ‘- .. Adelaide.. +: .. 1880 *Howchin, W., F.G.S. a .. Goodwood East . -»*, 188e Hughes, H. W. .. 2 .- Booyoolie “- -- 1883 *Hullett, J. W. H. e -. Port Augusta =% 1876 Johnson, J. A. ae .. Adelaide.. -- o., J546 *(F)Kay, R. ai .. Adelaide.. oe -. 1853 Kelly, Rev. Robert 5. .. Mouni Barker . -- 1884 Knevett, S. .. Adelaide.. oa oa *Lamb, Prof., M. Ae E.R. S. .. England... os .- 1883 *Laughton, E. ~ =: ... Adelaide.. i ~o> See Lendon, A. A., M.D. a .. Adelaide.. ane -. 1884 *Lloyd, J. S. 5 3 .. Adelaide.. be .. 1856 *Lucas, R. B. - as .. Adelaide. ae .. | S6ee NMaarey A. 1... . -- «» North Adelaide “+ vo) SSI *Magarey, 8S. J., M.B. ss .. Adelaide.. oa .. 1874 *Mayo, Geo., F.R.C.S8. ae .. Adelaide.. 2. .. 1853 . Mayo, G. G. * = .. Adelaide.. a «. J874 Mestayer, R. L., F.R.M.S. 2k “~ .. 1883 *Meyrick, E. T., B.A. a2 -. Sydney .. ee .« _S8Be Middleton, W. J. EB. oe .. Upper Sturt -- .. 1882 Mitchell, J. i, LD. -- -. Port Adelaide -- .. 1885 Molineux, Ae -- Kent Town 5 -. 1880 (t) Murray, Hon. ‘David, M. L.C. .. Adelaide .. a -. ito 321 Munton, H.S... O'Leary, NEP: ERC. S. *Parker, Thomas, C.E. Phillips, WwW... Poole, W. B. - Poulton, B., M. De Reed, T: Ss. we Robertson, Beal ia a eS *Rennie, Prof. E. Hy». Soe F.C.S. Renner, F. E., M.D. Robins, A. F. .. Russell, William *Rutt, Walter, C.E. Salom, Hon. M., M.L.C. *Schomburgk, R., Ph.D. 6 © “9 ~ehfhve @ € «€ ee: @€ 6 Ge & ie “ete -«@ ° ° Seott, Jas. L. .. -» Hyde Park *Smeaton, Thos. D. -» Mount Barker Smith, R. Barr .. Adelaide.. Smythe, a T.. FAA, EE -. Glenelg .. *Stirling, E. C., M.D., F.R.C.S., M.P. Adelaide... Stuckey, J. J., M.A. =: .. Adelaide.. *Tate, Prof. R., F.G.S. a .. Adelaide.. *Thomas, J. D., M.D., F.R.C.S. .. Adelaide.. *Tepper, aD GO 28 EA. css -» Norwood.. *Todd, Charles, C.M.G.,M.A.,F.R.A.S. Adelaide.. Tyas, J. W. Py 3 .. Adelaide .. Umbehaun,C. .. ae .. Adelaide.. *Warley, A..K..->.. até -» Mount Gambier Vaughan, A. P., M.B. aa - North Adelaide *Verco, J. C., M. D. ., B.KC.S .-. Adelaide.. Vickery, G. =: : -. Meadows.. Ware, W. L. =e -. Adelaide.. Wainwright, E. H., B. Se.. -. St. Peter’s College _ Way, E. W., M.B. Se .. Adelaide.. Way, S. J., Chief Justice .. .. Adelaide.. Wheeler, F. — ar : *Whittell, H., M.D., F.R.M.S. . Adelaide.. Wilson, John, F.E.T.S. .. -» Goodwood *Wragge, C.L., F.R.G.S. .. . Brisbane.. Young, Wm., M.A. ae -. Hindmarsh *Zietz, A. Ue ae .. Adelaide.. i. ASSOCIATES. Hodgson, Mrs. .. 2 Port Victor Adelaide .. Port Victor Port Adelaide Adelaide .. Adelaide .. Adelaide .. Adelaide... Adelaide .. Adelaide .. Carrieton Adelaide .. Port Adelaide Adelaide .. Adelaide .. Adelaide .. Freemantle, W.A. ; 1884 1884 1883 1883 1886 1883 1885 1882 1885 1885 1887 1879 1866 1866 1865 1865 1857 1871 1882 1881 1878 1876 1877 1878 1856 1882 1879 1883 1886 1878 1868 1878 1883 1879 1859 1884 1882 1886 1887 1880 1886 1884 A. P's WD FT See —_——-— FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE Ropal Society of South Australia. FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1886-7. Iw accordance with the alteration made in the Rules last years the annual general meeting is held this time in September instead of October, as formerly. The Committee are pleased to be able to report a well- sustained interest in the work of the Section during the past year. There have been eleven excursions during the year, most of which have been well attended. The thanks of the Section are due to the following gentlemen for assistance rendered by them in connection with excursions made to their respective districts, viz.:—Messrs E. Guest (Balhannah), G. W. Hannaford (Cudlee Creek), A. Murray (Coromandel Valley), C. F. Newman (Water Gully), Jno. F. Martin (Gawler), and Leonard G. Browne (Buckland Park). To the two last-named gentlemen we are especially indebted for their hospitality. Six evening meetings have been held, at which seven papers have been read. The attendance ou the whole shows an im- provement on that of last year. The Committee would again urge upon members to increase the usefulness and interest of the evening meetings by bringing specimens in Natural History. The first practical steps towards holding a show of native plants were taken during the year. Rules and prize-lists have been printed and distributed, and the first competitive show will be held in October, 1888. The Committee hope that this action will be a means of encouraging the cultivation of our native flora. Evidences of such a result have already been noticed. ———s a 323 The additions to our membership have not been so numerous as last year, and the Committee would take this opportunity of urging members to induce their friends to join the Section, and thus extend its usefulness. The number now on the Roll is 107. We have not been quite so successful financially as last year, the receipts from subscriptions having been £20 10s., while the expenses amount to £22 15s. 2d. There are, however, arrears which more than cover the difference. The Committee notice with pleasure the recent establishment of a Boys’ Naturalist Class in connection chiefly with our State- schools, and trust that this attempt to popularise the study of Natural History amongst the young in our midst will meet with the success which it deserves. For the Committee, J. G. O. Tepper, Chairman. W. H. Senway, Jun., Hon. Sec. 324 ‘00g ‘uoH “une ‘XVMTAS ‘H ‘'M 6” & Fre L 61 0 ee : ee ee ee 0 OL 02 ee ee ee ee ee pusy Ur couryed ,, ** Ayor00g [eo “00g ‘MOF Of JOAO popuvy stodriosqng ,, G &T Gz mperoo®m 6 T 6 Ie °° ee ee ee oe G F ‘AUOLIGNGAX BOIIpUNg, pus sosuysog ,, SoUBpU}}Y¥—AOYVIOIVO ,, ** —- SUISTJIOAPY ,, 2 BUIYUII 55 sosuedxg saljavay, Aq 6 FP SF 0 0 & *° 0 OT 06 ** 6 FIO ~** ps F "LEST ‘reqmoeydeg qI6T ‘oprepepy ‘sx0y1pny { _NIGOU “dV “100d ‘a "M ‘JOaT10D punoy pus poyIpnHy +s ** Agoroog pekowy wosy yar ., BUOTJAIIOSqng Wor poateoe1 yUNOMY ,, ra °° = pIBAIOF FYSNOIG ooUB[eg og, "SLIGO NYY EE — ———————————————————————— 8888 8 —————OOOOE—E—eeeee “L988. YVAA DHL WOL AUNLIGNGdX | ANV SLdI GO ay ‘VIIVULSAVY HLNAOS FO ALAINOOS IVAOU AHL AO NOILOAS SLSIIVYALVYN ATA 325 MICROSCOPICAL SECTION OF THE Koval Society ot South Australia. The Committee beg to report that the work of the Section has been successfully carried on during the past year, although the attendance of members at the meetings is not so good as it should be, considering the numbers on the roll. Our member- ship is now 42, there having been nine new members elected since last report. One member has resigned in consequence of leaving the colony. The average attendance at ordinary meet- ings has only been 12. We have held ten meetings, as there was a recess during the months of January and March. The subjects discussed were as under :— 1286. Oct. 12. Mounting in Canada balsam, with demonstrations, by Mr. W. B. Poole. Nov. 16. Remarks on application of electricity as a light for the microscope, by Mr. H. Yeates. Dec. 14. Gossip meeting and exhibition of objects. 1887. Mar. 8. Measurement by the micrometer and camera lucida, by Mr. I. S. Crawford. Apr. 12. Discussion on mounting in fluids and glycerine jelly. May 10. Annual conversazione. June 14. Cutting and mounting rock sections, by Mr. G. Goyder, jun. July 12. Diatoms and their resolution, by Dr. H. T. Whittell. Aug. 9. Gossip meeting and exhibition of objects. Sept.13. Annual business meeting. On Saturday, January 1st, an excursion was made by boat to the North Arm, when a number of interesting objects were obtained by dredging. Amongst them were the following Polyzoa :—Scrupocellaria cervicornis, Amathie tortuosa, Woods ; Menipea, nov. sp.; Amathie, nov. sp., allied to A. mainmata ; 326 Bugula, allied to B. (Halophila) Johnstonia; Bowerbankia, nov. sp. Itis to be hoped that more of these excursions will be arranged for during the ensuing summer. The conversazione was well attended by members and friends. The chairman of the Section (R. L. Mestayer, Esq., F.R.M.S.) gave an interesting and instructive address on microscopical work, ia which was much practical advice both to beginners and to those who were more advanced workers with the microscope. There were 24 microscopes exhibited, of various classes, and a large number of objects. Amongst the objects that attracted much attention were the bacilli of various diseases, such as consumption, typhoid fever, Asiatic cholera, &e., exhibited by Dr. Whittell. Two microscopical magazines — the American Monthly Microscopical Journal and the -Journal of Microscopy and Natural Science—are subscribed for and circulated amongst the members. A box of interesting mounted objects is also kept passing round for the inspection of members at their own homes. MICROSCOPICAL SECTION OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Receipts AND DISBURSEMENTS FoR YEAR ENDING 30TH SEPTEMEER, 1887. 5 — RECEIPTS. PAYMENTS. aiieCls eso On ote ae Balance in Hand és és a at 0 3 7/| Hire of Chairs for Conversazione oh at te wale 0 Members’ Subscriptions— Magazine Covers .. oe vs vs oe ir OSes 0) Arrears for 1886 .. Ma “a Se a 10) Post Cards and Printing same .. eae at ba, Oe OLA fé Sibsoripionator 1887 ., 0 6.) i 6 bed BRMtIDg: ee ks eile Sees Gals ahi Ney he %6 oe — 8 0 0| Magazines .. .% at i a we “s, OSG 9 ae Labor at Conyversgazione .. a ea ee ome 0 3 0 Caretaker .. $3 — oe aa oe een LOO Postages .. On en ate Pc es a ONG Cash in Hand - ac a ue on see OG LSB 37. 28) os 7 Mrmo.—Arrears of Subscriptions, £7 5s. Audited and found correct, J. G. ASHTON, 2 4 vaitors, P. PERKINS, § J. W. BUSSELL, Hon. Secretary. October 12, 1887. VARDON & PRITCHARD, PRINTERS, GRESHAM STREET, ADELAIDE. WJ.CHIDLEY DEL WJ -CHIDLEY DEL oe +++ TERT! awe | sia | ¢ 3 f 1 i i i i : r i f ' | ' ! { ¢ t ' i i ' i j i . } va i | { { ‘ ; ‘ i i H ¢ 9 H t . i i 2 { H i i } } | i i i ' { ¢ Hl 5 ame ye iSLEY Oo 2 al 3 123 i | { | RVR Sear ena eek LOMA ET RIEH/ UE EPMO Ar anKT pT TAMe ns RHCHAA SP NPL INI UM EAN ALORA tn t0? 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