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University of Illinois Library 3B) DEC 30 1964 FED 218 i967 | Latest Date Stamped below. ; | ; Pe Se Sia Bo] Oo) &y : ‘i J ile Sh j J ' al ro A 4 = L161—40-1096 TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AND foe OR TY OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. eco. x ST For 1898-99. [Wita TEN PLATEs. ] EDITED BY PROFESSOR R. TATE. Adele : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. DECEMBER, 1899. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed ‘per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadews & Co., 34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.”’ Mopal Society of South Australia, Patron : HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. Wire-Datron : HIS EXCELLENCY LORD 'TENNYSON. i OFPFICHES. [ELEcTED OcToBRR, 1899.] President : W. L. CLELAND, M.B. Wice-Dresident : PROFESSOR RALPH TATE. (Representative Governor.) WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S. Hon. Treusurer : Hon. Secretary : WALTER RUTT, C.E. G. G. MAYO, C.E. atlembers of Council: REV. THOS. BLACKBURN, B.A. PROFESSOR E. H. RENNIE SAMUEL DIXON D.Sc., F.C.8. 26: LiNeD E. C. STIRLING, C.M.G., M.D., W. H. SELWAY M.A., F.B.S. ‘te y CONTENTS. ) i. call by OO rte ee, =v) ~ 3 PART I. (Issued August, 1899). PAGE Tepper, J. G. O.: A List of Australasian i im with some Notes by M. René Martin.. , Turner, Tr. A. J. : Notes on Australian baer aoe nite a 9 BLACKBURN, Rev. T.: New Genera and Species of Australian Coleoptera (XXV.) a ae Bs on re a2 Tate, Pror. R.: On some Tertiary Fossils of Uncertain Age from Murray Desert (Plate I.) ... a A es aoe LOD Howcuin, WALTER: List of Foraminifera from the Murray Desert Beds... ae he od ips en an BLO Dennant, J. : New Species of Corals from the Australian Tertiaries (Part a Plates Ii. and III.) at ask Ruy hI StrrkuivG, Dr. E. C., and A. ZieTz: On the ee of Phascolonus gigas with Sceparnodon TAMSAY]L 123 PART II. (Issued December, 1899). Lea, ARTHUR A. : Descriptions of Australian Curculionide tent) Daeg HowcuHin, WALTER: Notes on the Geology of Kangaroo Island, with special reference to Evidences of Extinct Glacial Action (Plates IV. and V.) ee he ee sp ait alee ZiETZ, A. : Notes on Some Fossil Reptilia from the Warburton River near Lake Eyre ... 7 4g #8. aie boaen 208 Hieain, ALFRED J.: Notes on Melonite (Nickel-telluride) from Wortupa, South Australia... ad Pee =: Sa ek TaTE, Pror. R.: A Revision of the Australian Cyclostrematide and Liotiidze (Plates VI. and VII. pars) Siete ok ore ——- ————- Contributions toa Revision of the Recent Rissoidz of Australia (Plate VII. pars) Jee meat, | ae ———_————— Definitions of New Species of Land Shells from South Australia (Plate VI. pars) ... 25) —__——_———— A Revision of the Older Tertiary Mollusca of Aus- tralia. Part I.—Palliobranchiata Pteropoda, Scaphopoda and _ Lamellibranchiata, pars ; (Plate VIII.) > es Se w. 274 Tepper, J. G. O.: Notes on and Description of the Male of Coelosoma immane, Maskell and of a New Species of a Leaf- mining Moth a as an ae S om 248 DENNANT, J.: Descriptions of New Species of Corals from the Aus- tralian Tertiaries, Part II. (Plates IX. and X.) Sea dint) 2B) TaTE, Pror. R.: Diagnoses of four New Species of Plants from South Australia .., ose ee =e As at 288 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS ANNUAL REPORT BALANCE-SHEET PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS DonaTIONS TO LIBRARY List oF FELLOWS APPENDICES. PROCEEDINGS, ANNUAL REPORT, AND BALANCE-SHEET OF THE FreLp NATURALISTS’ SECTION ANNUAL REPORT AND BALANCE-SHEET OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SECTION GENERAL INDEX EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PuLaTE I.: Post-Eocene Fossils from the Murray Desert Puates IT., III. : New Species of Older Tertiary Corals ... PuatE IV.: Section sistas the es a Conglomerates in Kangaroo Island 5 : ¢e bee =bh PLATE V.: Geological Sketch-Map [Illustrating the same Occurrence Puates VI., VII.: New Species of Recent Australian Mollusca PuatE VIII.: New Species of Older Tertiary Mollusca Prates [X., X.: New Species of Older Tertiary Corals ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA Pace 45: Under Chalcopterus gracilicornis insert N.W. Australia. Paar 48: Under C. mundus insert N. Queensland. Pace 55: Under Emenadia difficilis znseré S. Australia. PAGE 209: 21 lines from top, 3 and 5 lines from bottom, for unguinal read ungual. eS +, .%. .o ——— 9 79 0,9 A List OF THE LIBELLULID2 (DRAGON FLIES) OF AUSTRALASIA. By J. G. O. Tepper, F.LS., F.S.S8c., &. WitrH ANNOTATIONS ON SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SPECIES. By Mons. Rene Martin. [Read May 2, 1899.] The Libellulide form a part of the Odonata or Pseudo- Neuroptera. They are classed now with the Orthoptera, but were formerly included among the Neuroptera, which they resemble in appearance of the mature forms, but their meta- morphosis is quite different. The Thripside, Psocide, Embide, Termitide, Perlide, and Ephemeride embrace the remaining families. Very little appears to have been published hitherto in Aus- tralia on the species of Odonata occurring endemically in this region, excepting several. papers by Mr. W. W. Froggatt in Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W. (vol. X., 1895-6), on the “ Termites” or “ White Ants.” The chief reasons for this paucity are that not only are the specimens rather difficult to capture, collect, and preserve, but that the literature relating to the suborder is so widely scattered in mostly foreign publications as to be almost inaccessible for any local student. The means are therefore lacking to learn which forms are known to occur in the district or province, or to classify them when collected. To meet this want to some extent this list of the most important and con- spicuous family has been drawn up, as a preliminary step towards a better knowledge. Naturally the work is somewhat imperfect, it being quite impossible for one not in possession either of all the necessary literature or extensive collections to discriminate whether a species appearing in various genera, under different authors, or from dissimilar localities (or vice versa), be one and the same or not, or whether different species have been included under similar names. This can ultimately only be determined by European workers to whom both literature and collections are accessible. The present list is chiefly based on the essays of Fr. Brauer, published in the “ Verhandlungen der Botan. und Zool. Gesell- 2 schaft, Wien,” between 1862 and 1868, and the “ Zoological Record” from 1868 to 1897. A few species were gleaned from Burmeister’s ‘“ Handbuch,” 1838, and one from the British Museum Catalogue. The dates attached refer to the earliest notice observed in the works above cited. The arrangement of the genera follows mainly that of Brauer’s ‘“‘ Verzeichniss” (Abh. Bot. u. Zool. Ges. 1868). Respecting the numerical extent of the Libellulide, it may be remarked that in 1871 Selys recorded (as known) some 1,357 species, but may have been considerably added to since. The Australian species, of which 139 in 65 genera are listed below, appear to be those least known; and it is hoped that this paper may lead to a better study of the family ere rendered im- practicable through more or less total extinction, with which all endemic life in Australia is threatened, either directly or in- directly. | The Dragon-flies attract the attention of many persons, partly on account of the large size of some, the brilliant colours of some of the smaller, and the ceaseless graceful flight of most, and partly through the groundless fear of injury, which produced the vernacular name of ‘“ Horse-stingers” for them; yet they are rarely taken by collectors. They deserve, however, serious study on account of the important réle they act in Nature as tireless consumers of flies, mosquitoes, and other large and small insects wherever water more or less abounds. The larvee and nymphs are wholly aquatic, living in fresh to brackish stagnant pools, ponds, or morasses. Whenever practic- able to connect them with the mature form they should be collected also, at least the cast skin of the nymph, which the imago leaves attached to some object on emerging. They are very much stouter in body than the latter, move about in the water by walking on the bottom, climbing plants, &c., and con tribute largely to the reduction of other and more noxious insect life. During 1898 specimens of the South Australian Libellulidze were sent by permission of the Board of Governors to Mons. René Martin (Le Blane, Indre, France), a noted specialist, who kindly identified them, and furnished the notes which are indi- cated under each species-name by inclusion within inverted commas (“ ”). These I have supplemented by remarks, &c., and the localities whence the specimens in the Museum collection were obtained. The species hitherto recognised in South Aus- tralia, and of which specimens are in the Museum collection, are denoted by an asterisk. 3 SUBORDER ODONATA (PSEUDO-NEUROPTERA). FAMILY I.—LIBELLULID i. SuBFAMILY 1. — LIBELLUNINA. Pantala fiavescens, Yabricious. New South Wales, Fiji, New Caledonia, Tahiti (Brauer, 1864-8; R. Martin, 1896). The species is widely distributed in the Old World, being met with from Europe to Kamschatka, and reported from Natal. *Tramea carolina, L. Northern Territory of 8.A., New Cale- donia, India, America (Brauer, 1864-8). Tramea Loewi, Brauer (1866). Queensland, Ceram. Tramea brevistyla, Brauer (1865). New South Wales. Tramea transmarina, Brauer (1866). Fiji. Tramea samoensis, Brauer (1866). . Samoa. Rhyothemis (Celithemis) apicalis, Kirby. New Hebrides (Zool. Rec., 1889). Rhyothemis (Celithemis) chalcoptilon, Brauer. Samoa (1868). Rhyothemis (Celithemis) pygmza, Brauer (1866-8). New Guinea. Rhyothemis Chloé, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1894). Rhyothemis crapula, Brawer. Fiji. Rhyothemis graphiptera, Rambur. Queensland (Br., 1868). Rhyothemis dispar, Brauer (1867). Fiji. Rhyothemis princeps, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1894). Rhyothemis resplendens, Selys. Queensland, New Guinea (Z.R., 1878 GN ears Turneri, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1894). Zyxomma multinervis, Carpenter. New Guinea (Z.R., 1897). Zyxomma (Tholymis) tillarga, abr. Tahiti, Samoa, India, Chili, Madagascar, Mauritius (Br., 1868). Perithemis (Microthemis) Duivenbodei, Lrauer (1866). New Guinea. Calothemis (Orchithemis) Meyeri, Se/ys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Neurothemis elegans, Guérin. New Guinea (Brauer, 1866). Neurothemis fluctuans, Burmeister, 1838 ; Brauer, 1866. Pel- Islands. Neurothemis innominata, brauer (1867). New Guinea, Ceram. (To this species belongs WV. diplax, Br., as a heteromorphous form.) Neurothemis oligoneura, Brauer (1867). North Australia. Neurothemis oculata, Fabricius. North Australia (Brauer, 1867). Urothemis nigrilabris, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). *Nesoxenia Libellula) braminea, abr. Australia (S.A.), India, &c. (Brauer, 1868). Colour bright-blue when alive; expanse of wings, 3-3} in. (75 mm.). ‘“ Un male d’Adelaide. 4 L’espéce habite les Indies orientales et lAustralie. Elle parait étre commune dans New South Wales.” Specimens obtained at Magill and Mount Lofty. Nesoxenia (Libellula) cingulata, Kirby. Alu Islands (Z.R., 1889). Bren Wahnesi, Foerster. New Guinea (Z.R., 1897). Trithemis festiva (infernalis), Brawer. New Guinea, India, &e. (Brauer, 1868). Orthemis pectoralis, Brawer (1868). Fiji, Ceram. Nesocria Woodfordi, Kirby. Solomon Islands (Z.R., 1889). Crocothemis (Hydronympha) servilia, Drury. Queensland, China, India (Brauer, 1868). Hydronympha (Orthetrum) nigrifrons, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1894). | Brachydiplax denticauda, Brauer (1868). New Guinea. Brachymesia australis, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1889, 1894). Diplacina smaragdina, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Libella (Hydronympha) caledonica, Brauer. Queensland (1868). Lepthemis sabina, Drury. North-Eastern Australia, Fiji, Java, Celebes, India, China, Japan, Philippine Islands; and some varieties in Arabia, Syria, and Asia Minor. Erythemis oblita, Aambur. South and Central Australia (Brauer, 1868). Erythemis haematodis, Burm., ( oblita, var.) .Australia (Brauer, 1868). ie taae (Trithemis) rubra, Kirby. Australia (S.A.), New Guinea (Z.R., 1889). Colour of male when alive bright to dull-red, of female ochre-yellow. Expanse of wings, 14 ins. to 24 ins. (40 to 56 mm.). Specimens from Adelaide and Magill. “Un male. Elle habite toute Ll Australie et probablement la New Guinea et les iles voisines.” *Erythemis sp. Adelaide, South Australia. Wings brownish, body stouter than that of the last, colour yellowish. Diplax bipunctata, Brawer. Queensland, New Caledonia, Samoa 1868). Diglax (Trithemis) trivialis, Rambur. Queensland, N. Guinea, Fiji, Java (Brauer, 1866). Nannodiplax rubra, Brauer. Queensland (Brauer, 1868). Nannodiplax Finschi, Karsch. New Guinea (Z.R., 1889). Nannophya australis, brauer. New South Wales (1865). Nannophya (7) pygmea, Rambur. Queensland, Amboyna, Malacca, &c. (Brauer, 1868). Nannophya (?) exigua, Hagen. Queensland, Celebes (Brauer, 1868). Nannodythemis australis, Karsch. Australia (Z.R., 1889). Nannothemis (?= Nannophya) australis, Brawer. New South Wales (1868). 5 SUBFAMILY 2.—CoRDULIN/. Epopthalmia (Cordulia) elegans, Hagen. Australia, China, &c. (Brauer, 1864). popthalmia (Cordulia) australis, Hagen. Australia, Celebes (Brauer, 1868). Cordulia novezealandix, Brauer; (Smithii, White). New Zealand (Brauer, 1864). Hemicordulia aftinis, Selys. North-Western Australia (Z.R., 1871). } et. assimilis, Selys. Solomon Islands, Celebes (Z.R., 1871). le australasize, Rambur. Queensland (Brauer, 1868). Hemicordulia fidelis, Selys. Loyalty Islands (Z.R., 1886). *Hemicordulia intermedia, Selys. South Australia, Queensland (Z.R., 1871). Hemicordulia Jacksoniensis, Rambur. Australia (Brauer, 1868). Hemicordulia noveehollandize Selys. Australia (‘). Hemicordulia oceanica, Selys. Tahiti (Brauer, 1868). *Hemicordulia tau, Selys. Australia (S.A. incl.) (Brauer, 1868). “Le genre Hemicordulia, remarkable en ce que les males ont le bord anal des ailes inferieures arrondi, comprend une douzaine d’especes. Parmi elles, deux habitent Madagascar et Maurice, une autre voisine les iles Seychelles. Dans Inde, ona observe une autre espece, de méme qu’ une autre se trouve assez communement a Java. Contes les autres habitent les iles australes ou le grand continent Australien. Ainsi, I’ oceanica, Selys, a eté prise 4 Taiti, assimilis, Selys, a Celebes et dans le iles Solomon, fidelis, M’Lachlan, les iles Loyauté, les quatre dernierés espéces ont eté trouve en Australie.” “Les H. australie, Rambur, et H. novehollandia, Selys, ne portent pas sur le front une tache en forme de I (Greek tau), tandis que H. intermedia et H. tau, Selys, a la tache noire du front en forme de I plus on mois épais. Enfin Z. intermedia se distingue de notre espece ‘taw’ par une bande jaune en demi-aureau on second segment de l abdomen. Le taille de toutes especes est a peu pres la méme.” Epitheca (Cordulia) Grayi, Selys. New Zealand, (?) Austraha (Z.R., 1871). Epitheca (Cordulia) Braueri, Selys. New Zealand (Z.R., 1871). *Synthemis eustalacta, Burmeister. South Australia, Victoria, &e, (Brauer, 1868). A specimen from Wilmington appears to represent another species. ‘‘ Le groupe Synthemis, recon- naissable par ceque les espaces basilaire et median sont reticulés avec quatre ailes, est absolument Australien et n’a jamais été observe qu’ en Australie, ou iles Fiji et de la N. Caledonie.” 6 “8. eustalacta a eté observé sur plusieurs points du continent et parait assez rare partout.” Synthemis miranda, Selys. New Caledonia (Z.R., 1871). Synthemis macrostigma, (Hagen) Selys. Fiji (Z.R., 1871). Synthemis Leachi, Selys. Australia (Brauer, 1868; Z.R., 1871). Synthemis guttata, Selys. Australia (Brauer, 1868; Z.R., 1871). Synthemis brevistyla, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1871). Synthemis regina, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1874). Synthemis virgula, Selys. Victoria (Z.R., 1874). Cordulephya pygmea, Selys. Victoria (Z.R., 1871). FAMILY II.—ASSCHNIDAL. SUBFAMILY 1. — GOMPHINA. * Austrogomphus Guérini, Rambur. 8S. Australia, &c., Tasmania (Brauer, 1868). * Austrogomphus collaris, Se/ys. Australia (Brauer, 1868). Austrogomphus (? Hemigomphus) ochraceus, Selys. Victoria (Z.kx., 1869); Austrogomphus (?Hemigomphus) amphiclitus, Selys. Queens- land (Z.R., 1873). ‘Les quatre especes qui composent le genre Austrogomphus sont propre a lAustralie. Le A. Guérini habite aussi la Tasmanie.” Hemigomphus lateralis, Selys. North Australia (Z.R., 1873). Ictinus australis, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1871). Petalura (Diastatomma) gigantea, Leach. Australia (Brauer, 1864). Uropetala Carovei, White. New Zealand (Burmeister, 1838 ;. Brauer, 1864), SUBFAMILY 2.—AXSCHNINE. Anax guttatus, burmeister. N. Guinea, India, Java, Seychelles, de. (R. Martin, Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, IX., p. 105). *Hemianax (Aischna; Anax) papuensis, Burm. (congener, Ramb.). Northern Territory, S.A. (nec Adelaide), N.S. Wales, Queensland (Brauer, 1864). There is also one specimen each from Blinman, S8.A., and Fremantle, W.A. Colour, grey, with black and yellow markings; expanse, 4 ins. (95-102 mm.). Another still larger species, of which a defective specimen is in the collection, is possibly Petalura gigantea. Acanthagyna subinterrupta, Rambur. New Guinea (Brauer, 1866). (Acanthagyna, Kirby, is intended to replace Gyna- cantha, Selys, nec Rambur. ) Adschna brevistyla, Rambur. New Zealand (Brauer, 1864). fEschna tahitensis, Brauer. Tahiti (1865). 7 * Austroeschna parvistigma, Selys. South Australia, Victoria, N.S. Wales (Z.R., 1883). This is the largest of the commoner of the S.A. species, resembling H. papuensis in general aspect, and is occasionally seen in great number at the sea coast (Ardrossan, 1880) and the vicinity of larger expanses of water. ‘Cette espéce semble assez commune dans les differents contreés du continent Australien, notam- ment en Victoria et New South Wales.” * Austroeschna (?) sp. S. Australia ; locality unknown. Colour of all the wings clear brown; size rather larger than pre- ceding. FAMILY III.—AGRIONIDA. SUBFAMILY 1.—CALOPTERYGINZ. Hemiphlebia mirabilis, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1869). Rhinocypha tincta, Rambur. New Guinea, Philippine Islands (Brauer, 1866). Diphlebia sp. Australia, ‘La subfamily Calopteryginz n’est representeé en Australie que parle genre Diphlebia qui com- prend une espece, et par quelque rares especes de plusieurs autres genres. Certaines groupes de cette son famille sont pourtant fortement représentes a Celebes et méme a la New Guinea.” SUBFAMILY 2.—AGRIONIN&. Amphipteryx lestoides, Selys. Queensland (Brit. M.C., p. 654). Archibasis (Stenobasis) occipitalis, Se/ys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1877), *Lestes analis, Rambur. ‘“ Egalement in South Australia et Victoria.” *Lestes annulosa, Selys. South Australia, Victoria (Brauer, 1864). ‘Jolie espece observeé en Victoria et 8.A., sur les marecages.” Lestes albicauda, McLachlan. New Guinea (Z.R., 1895). Lestes Colensonis, White. New Zealand (Brauer, 1864). Lestus Leda, Selys. Queensland (Brauer, 1868). There are two or three undetermined species besides the above in South Australia, of which specimens are in the collection from the Lakes and Kangaroo Island. Synlestes Weyeri, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1869). Argiolestes obscura, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Argiolestes ornata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Argiolestes pallidistyla, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Argiolestes postnodalis, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Argia australis, Guérin. New South Wales (Brauer, 1864). Onychargia flavovittata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R, 1878). Onychargia rubropunctata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). 8 TIschnura (Agrion) aurora, Brauer. Tahiti, Samoa (1865). Ischnura distigma, Brauer. Queensland (1868). Ischnura spinicauda, Brauer. Polynesia (1865). Ischnura tahitensis, Selys. Tahiti (Z.R., 1878). Pericnemis annulata, Brauer. Samoa (1868). Idiocnemis bidentata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Idiocnemis inornata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Agrion eruginosum, Brauer. Queensland (1868). Agrion cingillum, Brauer. Queensland (1868). Agrion cingulatum, Burmeister. Australia (Handb., 823, 1838). Agrion heterostictum, Burmeister. Australia (Handb., 820, 1838). Telebasis ae Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Telebasis Laglazei, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Telebasis recurva, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1877). Telebasis sobrina, Selys. New Zealand (Z.R., 1873). Telebasis (Teinobasis) zealandica, McLachlan. New Zealand (Z.R., 1873). Agriocnemis exsudans, Selys. New Caledonia, Labuan, Java (Z.R., 1877). Agriocnemis australis, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1877). Argiocnemis nigricans, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1877). Argiocnemis rubescens, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1877). Platysticta auriculata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Platysticta bicornuta, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878). Alloneura erythroprocta, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1886). Alloneura Wallacei, Se/ys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1886). Caconeura eburnea, Moerster. Key Islands, New Guinea (Z.R., 1895). Caconeura finisterree, Yoerster. New Guinea (Z.R., 1895). Isosticta (Alloneura) spinipes, Selys. New Caledonia (Z.R., 1885). Xanthagrion antipodum, Selys. New Zealand (Z.R., 1878). Xanthagrion zealandicum, Selys. New Zealand ( ? ). Xanthagrion sp. New Zealand. *Xanthagrion erythroneurum, Selys. South Australia, Victoria (Z.R., 1878). This, the smallest of the S.A. species, is remarkable for the bright red and green tints of the males, and has been obtained at Adelaide, Goolwa, and Strathal- byn. ‘Cette espece qui habite, Melbourne, Adelaide et un grand nombre de points sur Je continent Australien, est tres commune en Victoria, dans les marais et sur les etangs en Octobre-Novembre. Les males semblent étre plus nom- breux que les femelles; ce qui est un ces frequent chez beaucoup d’espéeces d’ Odonates.” “ C’est la seule espéce du genre qui soit purement Austra- lienne, le trois autres especes habitent New Zealand.” 9 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D., F.E.S. [Read May 2, 1899.] ARCTIAD At. The present paper is preliminary to a revision of the Australian species belonging to this family. I take the opportunity of making the following corrections in nomenclature :— Tigrioides splendens, Luc. = Wonistis* entella, Cr. Brunia repleta, Luc. = Tigriordes repleta, Luc. Brunia intersecta, Luc. = Xylorycta porphyrinella, Walk. (Tineina, Xyloryctide ) Sorocostia interspersa, Luc. = Mosoda interspersa, Luc Chiriphe anguliscripta, Luc. = Goniosema anguliscripta, Luc. Comarchis equidistans, Luc. = Chiriphe equidistans, Luc. Comarchis obliquata, Luc. = Scaeodora obliquata, Luc. Comarchis lunata, Luc. = Scaeodora lwnata, Luc. Anestia inquinata, Lue. =Anestia ombrophanes, Meyr., var. Spilosoma brisbanensis, Luc. = Spilosoma fuscinula, Dbid., var. Spilosoma quinquefascia, Luc. = Spilosoma fuscinula, Dbld. Calligenia pilcheri, Luce. = Enaemia dives, Walk. (Tineina, Hyponomeutide ) Nudaria albida, Walk. = Phaneropseustis albida, Walk. Nudaria obducta, Luc. = Phaneropseustis obducta, Luc. Nudaria mollis, Luc. = Psilopepla mollis, Luc. Nudaria macilenta, Tice. = Thallarcha macilenta, Luc. Spilosoma frenchi, Luc. = Spilosoma erythrastis, Meyr. Thallarcha phaedropa, Meyr. = Thallarcha phalarota, Meyr. (female) I have not yet been able to examine many of the species described by Dr. Lucas, but the following are, I believe, correctly referred :— Scoliacma iridescens, Luc. Sorocostia mesozona, Meyr. Scoliacma cervina, Luc. Sorocostia argentea, Luc. Tigrioides transcripta, Luce. Mosoda venusta, Lue. Thrypticodes xyloglypta, Meyr. Pelobrochis rava, Luc. ifiiaasiihiaid upelate, Lue. Diphtheraspis mages Lue. * This is, eae not a true Wonistis, according to the ‘afinition in ‘Meyrick’s Handbook. 10 TIGRIOIDES XANTHOPLEURA, 1%. Sp. Male, 30-32 mm. Head ochreous-yellow, sometimes with « slatey-grey bar on vertex and collar. Antenne pale-fuscous. Thorax slatey-grey. Abdomen ochreous. J[egs slatey-grey ; posterior tibiz and tarsi pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hind- margin rounded, slightly oblique; pale slatey-grey; a pale- ochreous line along whole of costa, broadest at base, narrowing, towards apex. Huindwings and cilia pale-ochreous-yellow. Brisbane; several specimens in August. TIGRIOIDES ACOSMA, 7. sp. Male, 30 mm. Forewings with vein 2 from near.angle, 3 and 4 stalked, 5 absent, 8 and 9 out of 7, 11 anastomosing with 12. Hindwings with 4 and 5 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from middle of cell. Head and thorax orange-ochreous. Antennze fuscous, towards base pale ochreous. Abdomen grey; lower surface and tuft orange-ochreous. Legs pale ochreous ; anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi tinged with fuscous. Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin some- _ what obliquely rounded ; pale ochreous, somewhat fuscous-tinged, without markings, cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings and cilia pale ochreous. Differs from most of the genus in vein 2 of forewings arising from near angle of cell; but there is considerable variation in the genus in the place of origin of this vein. The point men- tioned will prove useful in distinguishing this from 7’. nana, Walker, another unicolorous species, in which vein 2 is from middle of cell. Johnstone River, North Queensland ; one specimen in the col- lection of Mr. R. H. Relton. ZEDEA, 2. g. Tongue present. Antenne in male filiform, shortly ciliated (two- thirds), with scattered longer cilia. Palpi minute. Forewings with vein 2 from two-thirds, 3 and 4 stalked, 5 absent, 3 and 9 by a common stalked out of 7, 11 separate. Hindwings with 3 and 4 stalked, 5 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from middle of cell. Distinguished from 7%grioides, Butler, by the absence of anasto- mosis between veins 11 and 12 of forewings. ADEA MONOCHROA, 2. sp. Male and female, 17-18 mm. Head, antennz, and thorax yellow- ochreous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish; tuft yellow-ochreous. Legs pale fuscous ; posterior tibise and tarsi pale ochreous. Fore- 11 wings elongate, somewhat dilated, costa moderately arched, apex: rounded, hindmargin somewhat obliquely rounded; uniform yellow-ochreous ; cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings and cilia pale ochreous. This species might be easily mistaken for small specimens of Tigrioides nana, Walker, if attention were not paid to neuration. Brisbane ; two specimens in January and April. CALLIGENIA SAGINAEA, 7. Sp. Male, 20 mm. Head pale-yellowish. Antenne whitish. Thorax pale-yellowish, with two grey spots anteriorly, and two more on bases of patagia. Abdomen whitish. Legs ochreous- whitish ; apical two-thirds of anterior ‘and middle tibiz fuscous. Forewings posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex. rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded, pale-yellowish, with reticulated grey markings ; base of costa grey; a median grey line from base to one-third, joined by two lines from costa at one-fourth and before middle, and two from inner-margin at- one-fourth and middle; an inwardly oblique line from costa near apex to middle of inner-margin, connected with costa at two- thirds ; a fine irregularly-dentate line arising with preceding to inner-margin before anal angle ; a dot in disc at two-thirds ; cilia yellowish. Hindwings and cilia whitish. The type is somewhat worn. Cairns, Queensland ; one specimen taken by Mr. C. J. Wild in July. (Queensland Museum). TERMESSA DIPLOGRAPHA, 7. sp. Female, 22 mm. Head whitish ; vertex and collar yellowish. Palpi ochreous. Antennz fuscous. Thorax ochreous-yellow, auterior-margin blackish. Abdomen (broken). Legs ochreous; anterior tibiz and tarsi obscurely annulated with fuscous. Fore- wings elongate-triangular, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin rather oblique, scarcely rounded; light ochreous- yellow, with dark-fuscous markings; a broad line from costa at one-fifth, angulated beneath costa to inner-margin at one-fourth ; a second line from costa at two-fifths to beyond middle of inner- margin, slightly wavy in disc; a third line from costa at two- thirds to anal angle, somewhat dilated on costa; a fine line parallel to third from just beyond anal angle, angulated outwards in dise at three-fourths, and ceasing abruptly; disc between third and fourth lines partly suffused with fuscous ; a large triangular spot on hindmargin immediately beneath apex ; cilia ochreous- yellow, on hindmarginal spot and at anal angle fuscous. Hind- wings light-ochreous-yellow ; a broad fuscous band from costa near hindmargin, dilated in middle, narrowing to a point at anal angle ; cilia pale-ochreous-yellow, with a small fuscous spot below apex. 12 Smaller than the other species of the genus. Distinguished from 7. gratiosa, Walk., by the yellower forewings, with both fascize completely resolved into two separate lines. Brisbane ; one specimen. EURODES, 1%. g. Tongue well-developed. Palpi small, protected, terminal joint short, obtuse. Antenne in male (unknown). Forewings with vein 2 from two-fifths, 3 from near angle, 4 and 5 stalked, 6 and 7 stalked, 11 connected by a bar with 12. Hindwings with 3 and 4 stalked, 5 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from near angle of cell. Among Australian genera this appears to stand isolated. The ‘separate condition of veins 8, 9, and 10 of forewing is note- worthy. EURODES MICROMMATA, 7%. Sp. Female, 17 mm. Head and thorax fuscous-grey. Abdomen whitish -ochreous, Legs pale ochreous. Forewings oblong, strongly dilated, costa strongly arched in basal half, pare nearly straight ; apex obtuse, hindmargin straight, rounded beneath, not oblique ; fuscous-grey, mixed with pale ochreous ;_ apical wo. fifths of costa ochreous ; three blackish lines ; first wavy from costa at one-third to inner margin at two-fifths; second from costa at three-fifths to middle of hindmargin, and continued along margin to anal angle; third from costa at four-fifths, joining second line; a minute orange spot in disc at two-thirds ; cilia grey, mixed with blackish. Hindwings and cilia whitish-ochreous Port Darwin, North Australia; one specimen. (Coll. Lyell). PHANEROPSEOSTIS, Meyr. (MSS.). Head with projecting scales above. Tongue well developed. Antenne of male filiform, shortly ciliated (one-half to one). Palpi short, appressed, loosely scaled; terminal joint short, obtuse. Forewings with two from three-fifths, three from four- fifths, seven and eight stalked, eight and nine stalked, ten absent, twelve giving off three short branches to costa. Hindwings six and seven long-stalked, eight from four-fifths. Characterised especially by the curious branching of vein twelve of forewings. PHANEROPSEUSTIS ALBIDA, Walk. . Nudaria albida, Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat., Suppl., 273; Lucas ; Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. W., 1893. Male and female, 16-19 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen white. Legs white; anterior tibie and tarsi fuscous-tinged. Forewings oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa strongly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; 13 white, thinly-scaled ; markings pale-fuscous ; a blackish dot in dise before middle, and a second beyond middle ; two fine inter- rupted lines from costa at one-fifth and before middle, ending in rather conspicuous dots on inner-margin, which are sometimes confluent ; a third line from costa at two-thirds to before anal angle, sometimes obsolete ; a fourth line from costa before apex to hindmargin above anal angle, also sometimes obsolete; a series of dots along hindmargin; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia white. Brisbane ; in September. PHANEROPSEUSTIS OBDUCTA, Jue. NVudaria obducta, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1893. Maie, 18 mm. Head pale-fuscous; face and palpi whitish. Antenne whitish. Thorax pale-fuscous, irrorated with whitish scales. Abdomen white. Legs white; anterior pair fuscous- tinged. Forewings oblong, not dilated, costa strongly arched at base, thence slightly, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish ; irrorated with fuscous scales; all margins narrowly edged with fuscous; interrupted fuscous streaks along veins in disc, and terminations of veins on hindmargin ; a dot in dise at two-thirds; an ill-defined whitish fascia at one-third ; a whitish area along hindmargin, bounded anteriorly by a well- defined dentate line from costa at two-thirds obliquely outwards, then bent parallel to hindmargin, ending in inner-margin at three-fourths ; indications of a fine line posterior and parallel to this; cilia pale-fuscous, apices whitish. Hindwings and cilia whitish. Brisbane. PSILOPEPLA, 2. g. Tongue present. Antenne, basal joint clothed with long hairs, forming an anterior tuft; in male filiform, with short, fine cilia- tions (two-thirds). Palpi minute. Forewings clothed with fine hair-like scales; vein two from near middle, three from five- sixths, five absent, eight and nine out of seven, ten running into nine, eleven anastomosing with twelve. Hindwings six and seven long-stalked, eight from two-fifths. A peculiar genus, but probably allied to Phaneropseustis, Meyr. PsILOPEPLA MOLLIS, Lue. Nudaria mollis, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. W., 1893. Male, 14mm. Head whitish, suffused above with pale-fuscous. Antenne whitish. Thorax whitish, suffused with pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish; anterior tibiz pale-fuscous. Forewings strongly dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin oblique, scarcely rounded ; whitish, 14 thinly scaled ; costal edge pale-fuscous at base, a pale fuscous dot ‘in disc near base, and another on inner-margin near base, the whole connected by a pale-ochreous suffusion ; a pale-fuscous dot -on costa at one-third, connected by a pale ochreous suffusion, with a pale-fuscous line to inner-margin at one-fourth; a circular fuscous spot above middle of disc ; a pale-fuscous dot on costa at two-thirds, connected by a pale-ochreous suffusion with a pale- -fuscous line, which describes a strongly sigmoid curve before ending in anal angle ; a very pale fuscous line towards hindmargin, darker above anal angle; cilia whitish, above anal angle fuscous. Hindwings and cilia whitish. A delicate and prettily-marked species. Brisbane. SCAPHIDRIOTIS, Meyr. (MSS.). Tongue well developed. Antennz in male finely and evenly ciliated (one and a-half), with a dense tuft of scales on upper surface immediately beyond basal joint. Palpi moderate, second joint clothed with very long loose hairs, terminal joint short, obtuse. Thorax with a posterior crest. Forewings with inner- margin strongly folded over beneath ; vein two from two-thirds, five absent, eight and nine out of seven. Hindwings with a dense patch of scales on upper surface ; vein five absent, six and seven long-stalked, eight from one-fourth. SCAPHIDRIOTIS XYLOGRAMMA, Meyr. (MSS.). Male, 16-17 mm. Head and palpi fuscous. Antenne whitish, brownish tinged ; tuft whitish, but portion from which tuft arises fuscous. Thorax fuscous ; crest whitish ; apex of patagia dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous ; tuft whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings very elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish, thickly irrorated with brownish-fuscous scales, which form more or less distinct markings; a line from one- fourth of costa to one-third of inner-margin, sometimes obsolete ; a sharply-dentate line from costa at three-fifths to before anal angle; a dark spot below middle of disc touching ,this line ; series of dark spots along apical-third of costa and_hind- margin ; cilia whitish, on spots bases brownish-fuscous. Hind- wings whitish-brown; with a densely scaled brownish-fuscous patch above middle; cilia whitish. Brisbane ; four specimens. PSAPHARACIS, x. g. Tongue well developed. Antenne in male (unknown). Palpi moderate, slender, ascending ; terminal joint moderate, tolerably acute. Forewings with costa very strongly arched, hindmargin 15 -excavated ; vein two from five-sixths, eight and nine out of seven. Hindwings with three and four stalked, five absent, six _and seven stalked, eight from one-third. PSAPHARACIS TOXOPHORA, %. sp. Female, 19 mm. Head palefuscous. Palpi dark-fuscous. Antenne brown-whitish. Thorax brown-whitish. Abdomen grey. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings ‘trapezoidal, strongly dilated beyond middle, costa at first straight, very strongly arched beyond middle and crested on convexity, apex acute, hindmargin excavated beneath apex, hence obliquely rounded; brown whitish, paler towards hindmargin ; an ill- defined whitish streak along costa to two-thirds; dark-fuscous dots on costa at one-fifth, beyond two-fifths, three-fifths, and four others in apical third; from second costal dot an indistinct, very slender, much angulated, transverse line to inner-margin at two-fifths ; from third dot a very slender line parallel to costa, abruptly bent beneath costa at five-sixths, and continued much angulated to before anal angle, where it forms a conspicuous dark-fuscous spot ; a transversely oval whitish spot above middle of disc at three-fifths; cilia brown-whitish, mixed with dark- fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey. Brisbane ; one specimen taken by Mr. F. P. Dodd. SOROCOSTIA CERRAUNIAS, 2. Sp. Male, 15 mm. MHead whitish. Palpi (2), white irrorated with grey. Antenne grey. Thorax whitish-grey. Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded; whitish-grey, sparsely scattered with blackish scales; first and second tufts blackish anteriorly ; a narrow blackish line, outwardly curved, from costa at one-fourth to inner-margin at one-fourth; a second similar line, somewhat angulated, inwardly oblique, from costa at three- fourths to inner-margin at three-fourths ; cilia grey. Hindwings and cilia whitish. In Meyrick’s table falls with S. paroxynta, Meyr., from which it is distinguished by the shorter palpi, blackish tufts on fore- wings, and other points. Examples of this and the two following species were submitted to Mr. Meyrick, who pronounced them new. Sydney ; two specimens in February. SOROCOSTIA DESMOTES, 7. sp. Male and female, 12-15 mm. Head, thorax, and antenne pale-brownish, or whitish, irrorated with brownish scales. Palpi (2), fuscous-brown. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs fuscous, 16 irrorated with whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin scarcely rounded,. rather strongly oblique; whitish, irrorated with pale-brownish and dark-fuscous scales ; three suffused fuscous spots on costa at base, one-third, and middle ; from the second of these proceeds an angulated, suffused line to inner-margin at one-third; a slightly sigmoid line of dark-fuscous dots from costa at three- fourths to before anal angle; cilia brownish, with a whitish basal line. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey. In Meyrick’s table falls with S. parallacta, Meyr., from which it is distinguished by the much shorter palpi, brownish colora- tion, and dark-fuscous spots on costa. Brisbane ; in September, and again in January and February, rather common, but seldom taken in good condition. SOROCOSTIA MICROPHILA, 7. sp. Female, 11-13mm. Headand thorax white, irrorated with blackish scales. Antenne white, annulated with blackish. Palpi one and a half, dark-fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs dark-fuscous, irrorated with white. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; white, faintly ochreous-tinged, irrorated with blackish scales ; tufts posteriorly white, anteriorly mixed with fuscous ; anterior line very inwardly oblique, from costa at one-fourth to inner- margin at one-fifth ; posterior line obsolete on costa, though. otherwise conspicuous, from beneath costa at two-thirds, strongly angulated outwards, then inwardly oblique to inner-margin beyond middle ; a blackish dot in disc before apex ; and a series. of black dots along hindmargin; cilia grey, irrorated with blackish, tips whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey. In Meyrick’s table falls with S. epicentra, Meyr., from which it may be distinguished by its much smaller size and different form of transverse lines. Brisbane; three specimens. URABA LEUCOSPILA, 7. sp. Male, 16 mm.; female, 22 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous.. Antenne whitish. Thorax white; with some fuscous scales. Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous, mixed with whitish. Forewings triangular, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin almost straight, rather oblique ; fuscous (in female pale-fuscous), with some scattered white scales; a triangular white blotch on inner-margin from base to beyond middle, not reaching above middle of disc ; two fine fuscous lines, much angulated, first from costa at two-fifths to inner-margin forming outer edge of white blotch, second from costa at three-fifths to inner-margin before. 7 anal angle ; first line edged anteriorly with white ; second edged posteriorly with white, rather broadly in costal portion ; space between two lines suffused with brassy-metallic scales, and with dark-fuscous forming an indistinct median streak; three or four minute white dots on apical two-fifths of costa : from the second of these a very fine wavy white line proceeds to anal angle; cilia pale-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia dark-grey ; paler in female. Closely allied to Uraba metallopa, Meyr., from which it may be distinguished by the absence of basal costal metallic spot, by the sharply-defined white blotch, which does not extend to costa, and by the more angulated transverse lines. The male is much smaller and darker than the female. Brisbane ; two specimens. SARROTHRIPA POLYCYMA, 2. sp. Male and female, 17-22 mm. Head and palpi dark-fuscous, irrorated with white scales. Antenne fuscous, basal joint irrorated with white. Thorax white, irrorated with dark- fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs white, irrorated with dark- fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white, thickly irrorated with grey ; with six slender, much angul- ated, blackish transverse lines; first and second parallel, from costa about one-fifth, becoming lost in disc; third and fourth parallel, from costa about two-fifths, to inner-margin about middle ; fifth and sixth parallel, describing a sigmoid curve, from costa at four-fifths to inner-margin before anal angle; one or two blackish dots on costa before apex ; two indistinct whitish lines parallel to hindmargin ; a blackish line, tending to be inter- rupted, along hindmargin ; cilia grey, mixed with white scales. Hindwings white; at apex and along pamenein dark-grey ; cilia white, basal half grey at apex. Distinguished from S. exophila, Meyr., by the absence of greenish “scales, the white hindwings, and other details. Brisbane ; four specimens from January to April. THRYPTICODES, Meyr. (MSS). Tongue well-developed. Antenne in male with very short ciliations (one-eighth), and a small tuft of hairs on upper surface near base (absent in female). Palpi rather long (two), with appressed scales, ascending ; terminal joint long, obtuse. Thorax crested posteriorly. Anterior tibie densely tufted with long hairs beneath, especially in male. Forewings with vein two from two-thirds, eight and nine out of seven by a common stalk, ten out of seven. Hindwings in male with a pencil of long hairs B 18 arising from upper aspect of costa (absent in female); three, four, and five from a common stalk, eight from middle. Allied to Sarrothripa, Curt. THRYPTICODES XYLOGLYPTA, Meyr. Thrypticodes xyloglypta, (Meyr., MSS.), Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1889. The markings of forewings are variable, usually darker in the female. Brisbane ; in December, January, and February. MosoDA HEMICHROA, 1%. sp. Female, 20 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, irrorated with whitish. Palpi and antenne fuscous. Abdomen ochreous ; tuft dark-fuscous. Legs fuscous; posterior tibiz ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded; fuscous thickly irrorated with whitish scales—the absence of these gives rise to the follow- ing markings :—An indistinct transverse line near base, a wavy transverse line from costa at one-third to inner-margin before middle, a third wavy line from costa at two-thirds obliquely out- wards, then sharply bent in disc parallel to hindmargin, then bent again inwards to before anal angle; a faint circular spot with paler centre between two of these lines above middle of disc ; cilia whitish, basal two-thirds barred with fuscous. Hindwings pale- orange-ochreous ; a faint fuscous line parallel to hindmargin at three-fourths ; a fuscous spot at apex; cilia pale-ochreous, bases fuscous, except towards anal angle. Gisborne, Victoria; two specimens taken in November, received from Mr. G. Lyell. SCAEODORA PLACOCHRYSA, %, sp. Male, 15 mm. MHead golden-yellow. Palpi dark-fuscous. Antenne ochreous-fuscous, in male somewhat serrate. Thorax dark-fuscous; anterior margin and a posterior spot golden-yellow. Abdomen blackish ; base and tuft golden-yellow. Legs golden- yellow ; anterior and middle tibiz broadly fuscous at apex. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa nearly straight, except posterior one-fourth, which is moderately arched ; apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; dark-fuscous, markings golden-yellow ; a very broad transverse fascia near base ; a large triangular spot on costa beyond middle, nearly meeting a similar spot on inner-margin beyond middle; a small spot on hindmargin above anal angle ; cilia yellow, at anal angle, and middle of hind- margin mixed with fuscous. Hindwings dark-fuscous ; basal half golden-yellow ; cilia dark-fuscous. Cairns, Jueensland ; one specimen taken by Mr. C. J. Wild in January. (Queensland Museum) 19 GONIOSEMA, x. g. Tongue well developed. Antennz in male bipectinated. Palpi moderate, loosely scaled, somewhat ascending; terminal joint moderate, pointed. Forewings with two from four-fifths, three and four stalked, five absent, eight and nine out of seven, ten absent. Hindwings with three and four stalked, six and seven stalked, eight from middle. A development of Chiriphe, differing in the pectinated antenne -.and absence of vein five of forewings. GONIOSEMA ANGULISCRIPTA, Luc. Chiriphe anguliscripta, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1889. THALLARCHA RHABDOPHORA, %. sp. Male, 17 mm. Head, thorax, and antenne blackish-fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous ; tuft and inferior surface golden-yellow. Legs dark-fuscous. Forewings golden-yellow ; base dark-fuscous ; a broad longitudinal dark-fuscous bar from base to hindmargin, where it joins a broad dark-fuscous band along hindmargin ; cilia dark-fuscous. Hindwings golden-yellow ; with a broad dark- fuscous hindinarginal band. An exceptionally distinct species. New South Wales (?) ; one specimen. (Coll. Lyell). THALLARCHA LEPTOGRAPHA, %. Sp. Male, 15-16 mm. Head white; face fuscous. Palpi whitish ; apical joint fuscous. Antenne grey; basal joints white. Thorax dark-fuscous ; collar, apex of patagia, and a posterior spot white. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish ; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, more strongly at base and apex, apex obtuse, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish, markings fuscous ; base of costa dark-fuscous ; a fine interrupted line, sharply angulated outwards in disc, from costa at one-fourth to inner-margin at one-fourth; two fine parallel wavy lines from costa before middle to inner-margin beyond middle; traces of a fourth parallel line posterior to these; a fifth line from costa at three-fourths to before anal angle; a triangular spot on costa before apex ; an incomplete sixth line, and some suffusion along hindmargin ; cilia whitish, mixed with fuscous. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey. Brisbane ; two specimens. CoMARCHIS COSMIA, 2. sp. Female, 18 mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi dark-fuscous. Antenne ochreous-whitish. Thorax blackish-fuscous ; collar, an anterior spot, and apex of patagia ochreous-yellow. Abdomen dark-fuscous; three -apical segments pale-ochreous. Legs ochreous- 20 yellow; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin oblique, slightly rounded; ochreous-yellow, markings dark-fuscous; a broad oblique fascia from costa at two-fifths to inner-margin beyond middle, tolerably straight and even-margined, somewhat narrow- ing towards inner-margin ; a second fascia from costa at three- fourths to anal angle, narrow on costa, broadening in disc, inter: rupted above anal angle ; a large irregular blotch on costa before apex, its lower angle touching hindmargin; cilia ochreous-yellow, fuscous where subapical blotch reaches margin. Hindwing ochreous-yellow ; a well-defined oval dark-fuscous spot in disc at two-thirds ; two large suffused-fuscous spots on hindmargin at apex and before anal angle; cilia ochreous-yellow, on spots fuscous. Brisbane ; one specimen at light in October. CoMARCHIS CHIONEA, %. Sp. Female, 20 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi blackish. Antenne, basal joint white, then blackish, apical three-fourths grey. Thorax blackish ; collar, a large anterior spot, a small posterior spot, and apex of patagia snow-white. Abdomen ochreous-yellow. Legs fuscous; posterior pair ochreous - yellow. Forewings elongate, scarcely dilated, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded; snow-white, markings dark- fuscous ; base of costa blackish ; a broad transverse fascia from costa before middle to inner-margin beyond middle, bifurcating below to enclose a white spot on inner-margin, posterior limit of this fascia is paler-fuscous; a dot on costa at three-fourths, tending to be connected with a large spot in disc, containing a few white scales, and connected by a fine line with anal angle ; a large spot on costa before apex, confluent with upper portion of discal spot, connected by a line, parallel to that just mentioned, with anal angle; an oblong spot on hindmargin beneath apex ; and a few scattered blackish scales on hindmargin ; cilia pale- ochreous, on markings dark-fuscous, at apex white. Hindwings ochreous-yellow ; a faint fuscous dot in disc (better marked on under surface), a small fuscous spot at apex; cilia ochreous- yellow, beneath apex fuscous. Sydney ; one specimen taken in February on the fence of the Botanical Gardens during a gale. COMARCHIS MOCHLINA, %. sp. Male, 17 mm. Head and antenne ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-fuscous. Thorax ochreous-whitish, with a fuscous band across middle. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochre- ous ; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate, posteriorly 21 dilated, costa slightly arched, more strongly towards apex, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely-rounded ; whitish, markings dark fuscous ; a broad transverse fascia from costa at two-fifths to inner-margin beyond middle, broadest on costa, narrowing towards inner-margin ; a second broad, slightly wavy fascia from costa at four-fifths to anal angle; an elongated spot along upper fourth of hindmargin reaching to apex; cilia whitish, below apex and above anal angle fuscous. Hindwings whitish, with an apical fuscous spot ; cilia whitish, beneath apex fuscous. Brisbane ; one specimen taken at light in April by Mr. C. J. Wild. (Queensland Museum.) : ERRATA in my former paper in vol. X XII. of these Transactions. Pp. 200, 201, for Hyponomenta read Hyponomeuta ; for pawro- centera read paurocentra. . 202, for Stmeethis read Simacthis. . 203, for Chorentis read Choreutis. . 207, for beliodora read heliodora. . 211, for conietia read coniortia. bg bg bg Lb bo FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Bracksurn, B.A. [Read May 2, 1899. ] AN STAPHYLINIDA. PALDERUS. The following two new species belong to the same section of the genus as australis, Guér., differing from Simsoni, Blackb., Meyricki, Blackb., and sparsus, Fauv., by their well developed parallel elytra, and from crwenticollis, Germ., by their subfiliform and comparatively slender antenne. They all differ from australis inter alia in not having in combination black legs and testaceous mandibles ; from Adelaide, Blackb., by much smaller size, apical ventral segments black, &c. As there are now, including these two, nine known species of Pederus from Australia it is perhaps desirable that a statement of their distinctive characters should be given in tabular form as follows: A. a at ia species, with the elytra very narrow at the base; eyes very small. B. Elytra closely punctulate. C. Prothorax with strongly rounded sides,— almost subglobular a . Meyrick, Blackb. CC. Prothorax much more elongate in n form, its sides not much rounded oe ... Simsoni, Blackb. BB. Elytra sparsely punctulate . .. Sparsus, Fauv. AA. Winged species ; elytra normal* (if otherwise, a= the eyes not particularly small). B. Hind body entirely rufo-testaceous ... . Adelaide, Blackb. BB. Hind body with some or all of the segments of dark colour (piceous or black). C. Antenne long, robust, and apically dilated ... crwenticollis, Germ. CC. Antenne notably more filiform and slender. D. Mandibles testaceous. EK. Legs black ... ~ .. australis, Gueér. EK, Femora (except at apex) testaceous... tweedensis, Blackb. DD. Mandibles black. , K. Apical part of antenne dark ... .. angulicollis, Macl. EEK. Apical part of antennz testaceous ... Koebeli, Blackb. P. tweedensis, sp. nov. Alatus; testaceus, capite (mandibulis palpisque testaceis exceptis) et segmentis ventralibus ? * This provision is inserted on account of a statement of M. Fauvel that he has seen abnormal specimens of P. cruenticollis, Germ., which are apterous. 23 apicalibus 2 piceis vel nigris, elytris cceruleis, antennis (basi excepta) pedibusque (femorum parte basali excepta) plus minusve infuscatis; antennis modice elongatis, gracilibus, apicem versus vix incrassatis; oculis sat magnis (fere ut P. australis, Guér.); capite minus brevi minus lato; pro- thorace subovato, postice modice angustato, lateribus vix arcuatis, utrinque subtiliter parce punctulato; elytris quam prothorax sublongioribus, sat fortiter sat crebre (nullo modo confluenter) punctulatis; abdomine sat fortiter marginato, leviter minus crebre punctulato. lLong., 3 1. N.S. Wales; Tweed R. district (given to me by the late Mr. Olliff). P. Koebelei, sp. nov. Alatus, fere ut precedens (P. tweedensis) coloratus, sed mandibulis palpisque nigris, antennarum articulis apicalibus 2 pallide testaceis, femorum (basi summa excepta) infuscatis; antennis modice elongatis sat gracilibus ; oculis parvis; capite modico, postice fortiter angustato ; prothorace angusto quam latiori manifeste longiori, utrinque parce minus subtiliter punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis ; elytris quam prothorax nullo modo longioribus, crebre sat grosse punctulatis ; abdomine sat fortiter marginato, sparsim subfortiter punctulato. Long., 24 |. The most conspicuous character of this species is the colouring of its antennz which have their basal three joints testaceous, the fourth testaceous at the base only, joints five to nine nearly black ; joints ten ana eleven very pale whitish testaceous. N. Queensland (given to me by Mr. Koebele). P. tenuicornis, Fauv, There seems to be very little doubt that this is identical with P. angulicollis, Macl., of which I have examples from Mr. Lea compared with the type. Both species are attributed to Gayndah in Queensland, and the specimens Mr. Lea sent agree very well with the description of Fauvel’s insect. Sir W. Macleay’s is the older name. P. cruenticollis, Germ. I have some specimens from W. Australia sent to me by Mr. Lea which I take to be the apterous form of this species referred to by M. Fauvel (Ann. Mus. Gen., 1878, p. 516). They differ from all the other apterous Australian Pederi known to me inter alia by their larger eyes. PHALACRID &. I have recently received for determination a minute beetle (appertaining to this family) which was taken by Mr. Mitchell, the Overseer of the Queensland Acclimatising Society, and which that gentleman believes to prey upon the Pink Scale (Ceroplastes rubra). I am not acquainted with the life history of any Phalacrid, and therefore abstain from expressing an opinion as 24 to the probability of the beetle being parasitic on the scale beyond saying that I have never myself observed any such habit in the Phalacride. M. Lacordaire (Gen Col.) stated that he knew nothing of the life history of the family, and IJ do not find any reference to the subject in any of those I have seen of the (com- paratively recent) works of M. Guillebeau on these beetles. I therefore leave the matter to those who devote their attention to the life history of the Coleoptera. The species in question is an undescribed one and belongs to {or at any rate is near) M. Guillebeau’s genus Parasemus, which I cannot ascertain to have been diagnosed except so far as its characters are indicated in a tabulation of certain genera of Phalacride (Anu. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1894, pp. 280 and 281): and unfortunately the value of the tabulation is diminished by its containing a line ‘ 2a” without any corresponding “2b.” Ina former paper on the Phalacride (Tr. R.S., 8.A., 1895, pp. 205, &c.) I mentioned the difficulty of identifying Parasemus, but referred to that genus provisionally certain Australian Phalacride whose structure shows them to be at least nearly allied to it. The insect described below is certainly congeneric with (at least some of) them and therefore I place it provisionally in Parasemus. PARASEMUS 4 P. Mitchelli, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis ; nitidus; nigro-piceus (exemplis nonnullis pallidioribus), preesertim versus latera, antennis pedibus et corpore subtus plus minusve brunneo- testaceis; corpore supra fere levi; antennarum clava 3-articulata ; scutello sat parvo ; elytrorum stria subsuturali postice sat fortiter impressa ; femoribus posticis sat fortiter, tibiis minus fortiter (ambobus quam P. victoriensis, Blackb. multo minus fortiter) compressis; tarsis posticis quam anteriores 4 modice longioribus, articulo basali quam 2's breviori ; coxis intermediis inter se sat remotis ; meso- sterno vix perspicuo; clypeo prope oculos manifeste emargin- ato, antice rotundato ; prosterno pone coxas anticas haud producto. Long. 31.; lat. 21. The very small size of this insect together with the absence of discal rows of elytral punctures renders it easy to recognise. It is near P. obsoletus, Blackb., structurally. The second joint of the hind tarsi is longer than the first, but not so much as twice its length. All the tarsi are comparatively short and stout, those of the hind legs being decidedly but not very much longer than the rest. In my tabulation of the species I attribute provisionally to Parasemus (Tr. R.S., S.A., 1895, p. 214), P. (2) Mitchellr will follow discoideus, Blackb., thus— KEK, Elytra without discal rows of punctures. Mitchelli, Blackb. (Jueensland. 25 LAMELLICORNES. BOLBOCERAS. B. Terre-regine, sp. nov. Ferrugineum vel picescens; sat nitidum ; subtus hirsutum; capite antice crebre subtilius granulatim, inter oculos rugulose magis grosse, postice sparsissime sat fortiter, punctulato; prothorace crebrius perspicue sat equaliter subtiliter punctulato, puncturis grossis (his in parte media et in maris parte declivi sparsis vel fere carentibus) creberrime fere confluenter intermixtis ; scutello sparsim vel obsoletius punctulato ; elytris striatis, striis punctulatis (his et puncturis postice obsoletis), inter- stitiis sat planis ; tibiis anticis extus fortiter 7-dentatis. Maris clypeo (ut 5. proboscidei, Schreibers) longe ultra man- dibulis productis, parte producta antrorsum sinuatim gradatim angustata et ad basin lamina (hac valde elevata superne bifida) armata; prothorace antice abrupte declivi, spatio ante declivitatem sat lato planato subsemicirculari. Femine clypeo haud producto antice fortiter rotundato, ad basin lamina (hac leviter elevata superne bifida) armato ; prothorace antice anguste minus abrupte declivi, ante declivitatem spatio plano angusto. lLong., 9—101.; lat., 5—54 1. This species is distinguished from the other described Aus- tralian species of Bolboceras except proboscidewm, Schreibers, by the clypeus being produced like a rostrum far beyond the part where on the underside the mandibles are inserted. It differs from proboscideum in the elytral interstices being evidently flatter, and the punctulate strie of the elytra becoming much more notably obsolete near the apex. The male differs from that of proboscidewm inter alia in the produced part of the clypeus being not in the least downward directed at the apex and in the erect lamina at the base of the clypeus being about equal] in height to the length of the clypeus in front of it,—so that looked at from the side the head (in front of the eyes) appears as a quadrate rostrum about equal in length and height with its front face deeply and roundly emarginate. This same part from the same point of view also bears a considerable resemblance in out- line to the head of a fish with its mouth widely open. The pro- thorax of the male differs from that of proboscidewm in there being in front of the vertical declivity a nitid almost levigate space whose plane is at a right angle to the plane of the declivity and which is marked off from the declivity by a very strong furrow ; while the corresponding part in proboscideum is very much more punctured, is itself notably declivous (though less strongly so than the part immediately behind it) and is not separated from the part behind it by a defined furrow. 26 The female of this insect is very close to that of proboscideum,. differing however in the very much more obsolete sculpture of the hind part of its elytra, in the more strongly rounded front margin of its clypeus and in its prothorax having a flat nitid space (similar to, but very much smaller than, that of the male) *in front of the anterior declivity. BL. proboscideum is so extremely variable an insect that it is just possible that the present species is an extreme local variety of it, but in a long series of the former I do not find a single specimen presenting any of the characters mentioned above as distinctive of B. Terre-regine. Queensland ; given to me by Mr. Koebele ; also from Mr. Lea. (Brisbane). ANODONTONYX. A. planiceps, Blackb. Iam informed by Mr. Jiing of Yorke’s Peninsula that the larva of this species is extremely injurious to wheat in his neighbourhood, eating the roots and so killing the plants. ISODON. I. nasutus, Blackb. I have recently examined several female specimens (from W. Australia) of an dsodon in the collection of Mr. Jung which I have no doubt appertain to this species. They differ from the (male) type in the prothoracic excavation being reduced to a very small area (immediately behind the front margin of the segment) which is declivous and flattened rather than distinctly concave; in the seriate (and confused lateral) punctures of the elytra being more defined,—though very much feebler than in any other W. Australian Jsodon known to me ;. and in the pygidium being much more gibbous, with its punctur- ation much closer so as to render the surface somewhat opaque. I should have no hesitation in identifying this insect with I. levigatus, Burm., were it not for Burmeister’s statement that in that species the clypeus is not produced in front (ohne vorsprung) ; whereas in J. nasutus the clypeus is particularly strongly produced in front. I have, however, seen so many specimens from W. Australia of this genus without finding one to agree with Burmeister’s description of /evigatus that I am suspicious of a mistake in the description,—the clypeus having possibly been broken in the type. I. curtus, Burm. At the time when I tabulated the species of Lsodon (Tr.R.S., 8.A., 1896, p. 237) I had not seen this one, but have since received it from several collectors. It would stand in my tabulation (loc. cit.) beside I, Australasia, Hope, from which it differs inter alia by its clypeus much narrower in front, its prothorax and pygidium very much more finely punctulate, its head with a transverse carina in place of a tubercle, and its much sinaller size. The elytral sculpture does not differ much. 27 I. laticollis, Burm. This is another species that I had not seen when I tabulated Jsodon (loc. cit.). I have since received’ an example from W. Australia which differs from I. eurtus as I. laticollis is said to do ; its clypeus is a trifle less narrowed in front, its prothorax evidently more massive and less narrowed anteriorly and its elytra are more regularly punctured and striate than those of an average curtus; nevertheless I hesitate to regard it as more than a variety of curtus, inasmuch as the differ- ences are all of them comparatively slight and pertain to charac- ters (the prothoracic development of the male and the linear arrangement of the elytral sculpture) in which the Dynastides are frequently inconstant; in respect of the latter character I. curtus is certainly variable, as also in size. ANOPLOGNATHOUS. A. Macleayi, Blackb. I have recently received from Mr. Jiing examples of this species which enable me to improve my descrip- tion (P. L. S., N.S.W., 1891, p. 495) as it is clear that the type was either a colour var. or (more probably) a specimen that had been discoloured in some artificial manner. Fresh specimens are of a uniform pale opalescent testaceous colour both above and beneath, except the legs which have a greenish gloss in certain lights, and the abdomen and pygidium which are coppery but edged (and more or less suffused) with metallic green. , ORYCTES. O. Barbarossa, Fab. I have lately received from Mr. Price Maurice a remarkably fine and large example of this species taken by Mr. Maurice during one of his explorations in Northern Australia. The specimen is accompanied by two larve which are said to be (and evidently are) the larve of O. Barbarossa. As there does not appear to be any published description of the latter the following record of characters will be of interest : Long. 33 inches; of the usual Lamellicorn type (i.e., with three pairs of legs placed on the anterior three segments, and the apical segments greatly dilated); colour piceous ; each dorsal segment thickly studded with granules bearing each a short stiff bristle and also thinly set with long fine hairs (the granules and long hairs however becoming very sparse on the dilated apical four segments, but becoming close again on the apical part of the last segment) ; ventral segments (except the apical and hind part of the penultimate) devoid of setiferous granules but thinly clothed with long fine hairs. Head comparatively small, closely and very rugulosely punctulate; mandibles tridentate, very powerful, transversely strigose beneath ; the anterior seven dorsal segments: with very strong transverse sulci. 28 BUPRESTID. DIADOXUS. D. Jiingt, sp. nov. Parvus; postice sat dilatatus ; supra niger, capite (basi excepta) viridi, prothoracis lateribus et disco (his longitudinaliter) et elytrorum maculis discoidalibus quaternis vittaque laterali antica testaceo-viribus ; subtus pedibusque [abdominis segmentis 2° ad apicem 3°-5° que totis (maculis quaternis flavis exceptis) rufis, tarsisque picescen- tibus, exceptis] viridibus ; capite rugulose punctulato ; pro- thorace leviter transverso, sparsius punctulato; elytris leviter striatis, striis punctulatis, interstitiis planis, apice acuminato ; segmento ventrali apicali ad latera angulata (parte intermedia late leviter emarginata) vel ad latera vix angulata (parte intermedia subbisinuata) ; antennis nigris. Long., 34-34 1. ; lat., 14-12 1. In colour and markings this species does not differ much from D. erythrurus, White, but it presents several structural distinc- ‘tions which certainly appear to be specific. It is very much smaller and considerably less narrow in proportion to its length, and its prothorax is shorter being by measurement distinctly wider than long. I was at first disposed to think it the male of D. erythrurus and the latter the female, but on careful examina- tion I am satisfied that I have before me both sexes of both species. In erythrurus the apical ventral segment is trispinose in both sexes, the middle spine in the male (?), however, being reduced to little more than a strong angulation of the outline ; while in the present insect the apical ventral segment is angular at its lateral margins (with the intermediate space feebly emarginate in outline) in one sex, and scarcely angular laterally (with the intermediate space feebly bisinuate) in the other sex. Mr. Jiing informs me that the present insect and D. erythrurus feed on different plants. S.A., taken by Mr. Jiing on Yorke’s Peninsula. CLERIDAi. NATALIS. So many alterations have taken place in the genus Natalis since my former paper on it was published (Tr. Roy. Soc. 5.A., 1890) that it seems now desirable to furnish an amended tabula- lation of the species,—more particularly as the numerous speci- mens of the genus that I have examined have led me to the con- clusion that some of the characters made use of in the former tabulation were not well chosen. In the following notes some remarks on those characters will be found as well as on the original descriptions of some of the species. It unfortunately is 29 not possible for me to place N. Blackburni, Waterh., in the following tabulation, as I have not seen any insect that I can identify with it and the description does not happen to mention the characters that I rely upon for purposes of tabulation. The species of Watalis are for the most part closely allied inter se, and unfortunately [ cannot find any external sexual character sufficiently conspicuous and uniform to enable the sex of a specimen to be certainly determined at a glance. The most workable distinction of the sexes that I have been able to find consists in the hind tarsi in one sex (no doubt the male) being notably longer and more slender than in the other sex ; the same sex moreover usually has a longer and narrower prothorax, the eyes a trifle less widely separated and (in most species) some peculiarity of sculpture in the ventral segments. There is also in the same sex a tendency to a lengthening of the third joint of the antenne. IT may add that in 1893 M. Kuwert described a Natalis from N. Australia under the name UN. alternicostatus. I have not seen the description, but should judge from the name that it is extremely unlikely to be any of the new species described in this paper. The following tabulation contains, I believe, the names of all the described species of Natalis except Blackburni, Waterh., and alternicostatus, Kuwert. *A. Disc of prothorax not closely and evenly punctulate. B. Size about 18 1. (elytra rounded at apex) ... Titana, Thoms. BB. Species not at the same time of great size and with elytra rounded at apex. C. Elytra mucronate at apex oF .. spinicornis, Blackb. CC. Elytra rounded at apex. D. All the elytral interstices evenly convex throughout .. integra, Blackb. DD. The elytral interstices not all. conspicu- ously and evenly convex. E. The intermediate tibiz straight or nearly so. F. Joints 9 and 10 of the antennz quite strongly transverse semicostata, Blackb. FF. Joint 10 feebly, joint 9 not, transverse lata, Waterh. EE. The intermediate tibize quite strongly arched. F. Length of prothoracic sulcus not greater than distance from its apex to apex of prothorax. G. Elytra with numerous fascicles of short whitish hairs os Leai, Blackb. GG. Elytra not variegated with whitish fascicles... lugubris, Blackb. *In N. longicollis the sculpture of the prothorax is intermediate between A and AA. a 30 FF. Length of prothoracicsulcus evidently greater than distance from its apex to apex of prothorax. G. Discal depression of prothorax punc- tured much less closely than in the following species ... .. levicollis, Blackb. GG. Discal depression of prothorax less sparingly punctulate. H. Elytral alternate interstices all conspicuously costate except close to base .. hirta, Blackb. HH. Alternate elytral interstices (or at least some of them) not costate. I. Ventral segments closely punc- tured,—in males sexual sculp- ture begins on second ventral segment, the apical strongly arcuately emarginate ... fasciata, Blackb. II. Ventral segments not as in fasciata. J. Ventral segments very apetaely punctulate . planipennis, Blackb. JJ. Ventral segments less spar- sely punctulate,—in male sexual sculpture begins on third ventral segment ... Jongicollis, Blackb. .AA. Disc of prothorax closely and evenly punctulate porcata, Fab. NV. integra, sp. nov. Sat angusta; sat elongata; minus nitida ; pilis sat brevibus recurvis et aliis elongatis erectis vestita ; nigra, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus ; antennis sat gracil- ibus modice elongatis, articulis 3°—6° gradatim brevioribus, 6°—8° inter se fere equalibus, 9°—10° que inter se fere eequalibus vix transversis, 11° quam latiori manifeste longiori; capite crebre subrugulose punctulato ; prothorace quam latiori vix longiori, in disco antice sparsim subtiliter (postice,—parte mediana angusta excepta,—sat fortiter sat crebre) punctulato, ad latera ruguloso, sulco mediano longi- tudinali sat brevi (quam prothorax circiter triplo breviori) antice posticeque penitus carenti impresso, ad basin quam ad marginem anticum paullo angustiori, ante medium subcon- stricto, pone medium utrinque sat fortiter rotundato- dilatato; elytris cancellato-punctulatis, puncturis postice magnitudine decrescentibus, interstitiis omnibus eequaliter a basi ad apicem anguste carinatis ; tibiis anticis leviter, intermediis vix, arcuatis ; femoribus posticis longissimis ; metasterno crebrius sat fortiter, abdomine minus perspicue, punctulatis ; tarsis posticis elongatis gracilibus. Maris abdomine fere levi, vel potius sparsissime punctulato, segmento 5° ad apicem truncato. Long., 61. ;' lat., 12 1. 31 This species is notable for its deep black colour and the uniform sculpture of its elytra which consists of rows of quadrate im- pressions (the impressions becoming gradually and continuously smaller from base to apex) the interstices between which are narrow, regular, and equal inter se. The type is evidently a male. I have a second specimen taken near Adelaide which is, no doubt, a female ; it is much larger than the type (long., 9 1. but unfortunately its abdomen has been broken off, S.W. Australia (Eucla). NV. semicostata, Blackb. All the observed specimens of this insect are, doubtless, males,—assuming that I am right in regarding as a male character the presence of spaces on the ventral segments conspicuous by their very close puncturation. N. Leai, sp. nov. Minus angusta; minus elongata; minus nitida ; pilis erectis brunneis et aliis albis (his in elytris seriatim fasciculatis) vestita; picea, elytris rufescentibus vel potius indeterminate rufo-marmoratis ; antennis sat brevibus, modice robustis ; capite vermiculato - inzquali sparsim punctulaio; prothorace in disco levi, ad latera rugulose punctulato, sulco longitudinali profundo mediano impresso, quam latiori vix longiori ; elytris seriatim punctu- latis, puncturis antice magnis foveiformibus retrorsum gradatim decrescentibus, interstitiis 5° 7° que plus minusve carinatis; tibiis anterioribus 4 arcuatis; abdomine fere levi; tarsis (?maris solum) sat elongatis sat gracilibus. Long., 61; lat., 2 1. (vix). Quite incapable of confusion with any other species on account -of the small fascicles of short white hair with which the elytra are ornamented. Both the specimens before me (I take them to be two males) are somewhat rubbed so that I hesitate to state very confidently the exact disposition of the fascicles, but as far as I can make out they run in about four longitudinal rows,— about 9 or 10 fascicles in each row, and are very conspicuous. This species must bear much general resemblance to Opilo floccosus, Schenkling, but as Herr Schenkling expressly states in describing that insect that it has the securiform maxillary palpi and bifid tarsal lamelle of an Opzlo, there can of course be no more than an accidental likeness. N.S. Wales ; taken by Mr. Lea in the Richmond R. district. NV. lugubris, Blackb. I have recently seen examples (males) of this species from N.W. Australia. NV. levicollis, sp. nov. Sublata; minus elongata; minus con- vexa ; nitida ; nigro-picea, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus, elytris pone medium indeterminate vix manifeste rufo fasciatis ; antennis sat elongatis minus robustis, articulis 32 3° 4° que inter se sat xequalibus ad apicem subclavatis, 5°—8° subcylindricis (5° 4° longitudine zequali, 6°—8° paullo brevior- ibus), 9° quam latiori vix longiori, 10° sat fortiter transverso, 11° quam 9"* vix longiori; capite crebre subtilissime punc- tulato, puncturis paullo majoribus sparsissime intermixtis ; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori, subtilissime sat crebre punctulato (in disco puncturis minus subtilibus sparsissime intermixtis), ad latera sat grosse ruguloso, sulco longitudinali mediano (antice abbreviato) impresso, ad basin quam ad marginem anticum paullo angustiori, ante medium subcon- stricto, pone medium utrinque sat fortiter rotundato- dilatato; elytris grosse cancellato - punctulatis, puncturis postice magnitudine decrescentibus, interstitiis antice sat elevatis (alternis ante medium _ planescentibus) ;_ tibiis anterioribus 4 fortiter arcuatis ; abdomine eequaliter confer- tim subtilissime (vix distincte) punctulato, puncturis majoribus sparsissime intermixtis ; tarsis posticis sat brev- ibus. Long., 91.5 lat., 22 1. A darkly coloured nitid and smooth-looking species, of somewhat robust appearance. Its most conspicuous distinctive character consists in the very nitid dise of its prothorax, which is very much less punctured than in most of its congeners. The type is afemale. It is allied to dugubris I think more closely than any other Natalis known to me, from which it may be at once dis- tinguished (apart from characters that are possibly sexual) inter alia by the considerably longer discal sulcus of its prothorax. The possibility of its being the female of /ugubris is at once set aside by the fact that its prothorax is very evidently longer and narrower than the prothorax of the male of that species. Its strongly curved intermediate tibie seem to forbid it being regarded as the female of WV. lata, Waterh., as the curvature of those tibize is certainly not a female character in any species of which I know both sexes. WV. Mastersi, Macl., is so slightly described that it is difficult to be sure whether it is that insect or not. Sir W. Macleay merely mentions some differences between his Masterst and porcata. If he referred to porcata of either Fab. or Spinola this species cannot be Mastersi, as it is of evidently less (not more, as Sir W. Macleay calls his Mastersz) elongate form than either sex of either of those species. (Jueensland. NV. planipennis, sp. nov. (= porcata, Spinola nec Fab.) In Ann. Mag. of N.H. (6) XIII., Mr. C. O. Waterhouse furnished the interesting information that the type of WV. porcata, Fab., is not the same species that Spinola called porcata, Fab., but in: his (Mr. W.’s) opinion is likely to be identical with what Spinola called WN. eribricollis. All authors subsequent to Spinola, I 33 believe (including myself), have followed him. Mr. Waterhouse passes on to express the opinion that MV. porcata, Spin. = ““N. Marstersii, Casteln.” (which I take to be an erroneous render- ing of the name Mastersii, Macl.”), but this I think very doubtful, inasmuch as the Tasmanian species that seems fairly certainly to be Spinola’s poycata has never occurred to me in (or found a place in any collection I have seen from) any locality North of Victoria, and Macleay’s insect was taken at Gayndah in Queensland. The description of Mastersz7 is quite insufficient for identification unless one had a specimen from Gayndah to compare with it. In Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., 1890, p. 125, I described a species as WV. fasciata, from Southern Australia, which is really very close to the Tasmanian one that Spinola called porcata, and distinguished it especially by three characters,— —the form of the prothorax, the carination of the elytral inter- stices, and the puncturation of the ventral segments. Since I described NV. fasciata I have had the opportunity of examining a considerable number of Natales from all parts of Australia and have found that the prothoracic distinctions referred to are not very reliable inasmuch as the males of Natalis seem always to have their prothorax more elongate than the females, with its posterior dilatation more conspicuous. Nor is the carination of the elytra an altogether satisfactory character, for although in a series of examples of fasciato the alternate interstices are evidently more distinct from the other interstices than they are in the Tasmanian insect, yet undoubtedly there is a certain variability in the degree of their prominence in both species. But the very wide difference in the puncturation of the ventral segments furnishes a perfectly satisfactory distinction between fasciatu and the Tasmanian insect, and I notice another character (indicated in the Latin diagnosis of my description but not sufficiently emphasised) in the evidently longer and more slender hind femora of the latter. In the male of WV. fasciata the middle part of the second and third ventral segments bears close asperate fine puncturation (among which a good many evidently larger punctures are inter- mingled) and the fifth ventral segment is widely and roundly emarginate at the apex ; while in the same sex of porcata, Spin. (for which I propose the name planipennis), both the finer and less fine punctures are much less close than in fasciata and are evenly distributed over the segments, the fifth of which is truncate at the apex. In the female of both these species the puncturation is evenly distributed over the ventral segments, but in planipennis the less fine punctures are evidently less numerous than in fasciata ; and in both the fifth ventral segment is widely obtuse at its apex. Cc 34 N. longicollis, Blackb. The puncturation of the disc of the prothorax in this species (especially in the female) is notably closer and stronger than in any other Natalis known to me except porcata, Fab. (in which, however, it is still more closely punctured). In fact I have some hesitation as to whether in the tabulation it ought not to be placed with porcata rather than with the species having the disc less closely punctured. It seems to be somewhat intermediate. In the male the close sexual puncturation begins on the third ventral segment. NV. inconspicua, Blackb. I am afraid this name must drop, as the insect on which it was founded is certainly, I think, only a variety of wporcata, Fab., with the prothoracic puncturation abnormally feeble. I have seen several specimens from Tasmania apparently taken in company with typical porcata presenting the same peculiarity. In my former tabulation I distinguished inconspicua from porcata, Fab. (which is called by its synonym “cribicollis, Spin.”), by its being clothed with long erect hairs, but this is not a satisfactory distinction, as these hairs are very easily rubbed off, and, as a fact, they are present in fresh specimens of porcata, although the specimen of that insect before me at the time I wrote my former paper on Natalis was without them. LYMEXYLONID. LYMEXYLON. L. Adelaide, sp. nov. Piceum, capite prothoraceque rufescenti- bus, pedibus sordide testaceis ; capite brevi, confertim sub- tilius punctulato; prothorace quam latiori ut 5 ad 4 longiori, antice vix angustato, profunde canaliculato, crebre subtilius (quam JZ. australis, Er., minus crebre minus subtiliter) punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis posticis sat rectis ; elytris confertim subtilissime punctulatis, lineis 4 subelevatis instructis; abdomine nitido subtiliter minus crebre (quam J. australis, Er., multo minus crebre) punc- tulato. Long., 6 1.; lat., 14.1. The principal differences between this species and L. australe, Er., are referred to above, this species being larger, more strongly and less closely punctulate, with the prothoracic channel much stronger, and the shape of the prothorax different. In L. australe the sides of that segment (viewed from above) are very straight (even tending to be slightly imewrved in front of the middle), while in ZL. Adelaide the sides form a continuous gentle curve from base to apex. The difference in puncturation is quite noticeable on all parts except the elytra, on which how- ever, the slightly elevated lines are evidently better defined in L. Adelaide, and are four in number, there being no trace of more than three on any example that I have seen of Z. australe. 35 ‘Compared with the European JZ. navale, Linn., the present species is very differently coloured, with more serrate antenne, evidently stronger puncturation throughout, a much more -elongate prothorax, which is strongly canaliculate, &c. I may say that I am confident in my identification of Z. australe, Er., as I took my specimens in Erickson’s locality, and they agree per- fectly with the description. Adelaide district; in the S.A. Museum (taken by Mr. Jennings). TENEBRIONIDAL. HELEUS. The number of species of Heleus known to inhabit Australia is now large, and the descriptions are very scattered. In 1887 Sir W. Macleay published in the Proc. L.S., N.S.W., a synopsis of the species then known, but he did not attempt to place their distinctive characters in tabular form further than by dividing them into four groups based upon the nature of the elytral sculpture. I have recently been studying the Hele: appertain- ing to the first of Sir W. Macleay’s groups, and believe that I have before me all (except perhaps one doubtfully distinct species) described up to the present time. As they are closely allied znter se and some of them are very insufficiently described it will be well to furnish a tabulation of them. I take the oppor- tunity to describe two new species and to furnish some notes on several of the older ones. Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” of Heleus is distinguished from the other groups by its species having elytra devoid of pilosity and not furnished with either tubercles or continuous cost. As some of the species have numerous granules on the elytra it may perhaps appear that the distinction between those and ‘‘ tubercles” is rather fine ; as a fact, however, the difference between the granules and tubercles in respect of size is extremely ‘strong, and there are other distinctions between the group con- taining species with granulated elytra and that whose species have tuberculate elytra which render them very easy to dis- tinguish. Of the former group the smallest specimen I have seen is long., 101. (most of the species are much larger still) ; of the latter the largest size attributed to any species is long., 7} 1. Also, in the former group the projecting front processes of the prothorax (with the exception of one very large species somewhat intermediate between the first group and the. group having costze on the elytra) are extremely broad and blunt, while in the latter group these processes are very much narrower. Several of the Helgi of Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” are insufficiently described by their original authors. One of these (H. princeps, Hope) has been redescribed by Sir W. Macleay, 36 but it is doubtful whether he had the true insect before him. I shall therefore call this species ‘‘H. princeps, Macl. (? Hope).” I have before me a specimen named by Sir W. Macleay “H. intermedius, De Bréme,” which is very likely to be correctly identified, but as there is a doubt I shall call it “A. intermedius, Macl. (? De Bréme).” Through the kindness of Mr. Lea I have been able to examine a specimen ticketed “C.A. (Mitchell’s Exped.) ” which is no doubt one of those mentioned by Sir W. Macleay (loc. cit.) as being in his epinion A. colossus, De Bréme. I am inclined to agree with that opinion (although the specimen is very much smaller than colossus should be,—long., 12 1., instead of 161.) but shall call the species “‘ H. colossus, Macl. (2De Bréme).” I have examples before me from Central Aus- tralia which agree very well with the description (mentioning very conspicuous and unusual characters) of H. interioris, Macl. (Darling R.), but as the localities are very far apart and different in character I think the determination sufficiently uncertain to require me to call the insect “H. interioris, Macl.?” Of HZ. pallidus, Macl., I have an example named by its author. H. Browni, Kirby, I do not know, but the description given by De Bréme (that of Kirby is quite useless for identification) is so remarkably identical with the description of intermedius as to suggest the idea of the two being a large and a small example of one species. The other species I have named and described myself. The following is a tabulated statement of the characters of the species. A few lines of explanation however seem to be required in respect of a character that I have adopted for dis- tinguishing the main divisions. If a Heleus of this ‘first group” of Sir W. Macleay be looked at from the side the nature of the extreme margin of the prothorax will be seen to vary much according to the species. It assumes three forms,—First, that of an erect edging, its plane perpendicular or nearly so to the plane of the flanks of the prosternum, and separated from the flanks of the prosternum by a distinct carina-like rib; second, a form differing from that just described only in the absence of the carina-like rib, but having the line of contact between the two planes perfectly well-defined ; third, a form in which the erect edging is exchanged for a mere bending upward of the flanks of the prosternum, so that there is no line of demarcation indicating the meeting of two planes. Ina long series of Helgi examined by me I have not found a single specimen that suggests any doubt of the validity of the above characters. The extreme edge of the elytra is in most species similar to that of the prothorax in structure, except that where the prothoracic marginal edging is of what I have called the third form, that of the elytra is of one of the other forms. 37 A. Lateral and front face of prothorax with an abruptly erect edging like that of the elytra. B. The prothoracic edging opaque, strongly defined both above and below, rarely convex, and usually rugulose. C. The prothoracic edging not (or scarcely) narrower than that of the elytra. D. Elytra with distinct rows of granules. E. Intervals between rows of elytral granules devoid (or nearly so) of granules. F. Sutural carina of elytra not (when viewed from the side) straight and parallel with the margin of the elytra .. G. A strongly elevated longitudinal carina on prothorax in front of the basal tubercle on the elytra GG. No longitudinal carina on disc of prothorax .. bee FF. Sutural carina of elytra (viewed from the side) parallel with the edge of the lateral margin and straight in the middle (about half) ea of its length 4 EE. Theintervals between rows of ely tral granules bearing many similar granules DD. Elytra not having distinct rows of granules CC. The prothoracic edging much narrower than that of the elytra. D. Elytra with well-defined rows of granules DD. Elytra not having defined rows of granules. 3: BB. The _ prothoracic edging nitid, smooth, rarely strongly defined below, and usually convex. C. The prothoracic edging defined below by a carina-like rib (as in princeps, aridus, &ce.) CC. The prothoracic edging not defined below. D. Dise of elytra with numerous small obtuse granules. EK. Elytra at their widest close to base ... EE. Elytra at their widest very far behind base pei DD. Disc of elytra not granulose ‘but with exceptionally close and conspicuous puncturation AA. Lateral and front face of prothorax not having an abruptly erect edging like that of the elytra. B. The overlapping front processes of prothorax - normally wide. C. The elytral puncturation extremely fine,— searcely distinct CC. Elytral puncturation very distinct (about as much so as in pallidus, Macl.) BB, The overlapping front iat of f prothorax very narrow , : [(? Hope). princeps, Macl. aridus, Blackb. lubricus, Blackb. interiors, Macl. ? ingens, Blackb. debilis, Blackb. [(? De Bréme). colossus, Macl. (? De Bréme). intermedius, Macl. scaphiformis, Blackb. modicus, Blackb. pallidus, Macl. subseriatus, Blackb. elongatus, Blackb. Blackb. brevicostatus, 38 H. princeps, Hope. Notes on this species will be found below under the heading 4. subseriatus, sp. nov. HI. princeps, Macl. (? Hope). This species bears considerable resemblance to H. modicus, Blackb. It differs by the much better defined, and seriate, discal granules of its elytra ; by the presence of a longitudinal strongly elevated carina on its pro- thorax in front of the basal tubercle ; by the basal tubercle being much stouter and less spine-like ; by the erect edging of its pro- thorax being externally opaque, rugulose, and limited below by a carina-like rib, &e. H. aridus, Blackb. In this species the erect edging of the prothorax is very rugulose and distinctly limited below by a carina-like rib. H. lubricus, Blackb. The erect edging of the prothorax is opaque but scarcely rugulose, limited below by a very well defined rib. H. interioris, Macl.? The erect edging is less opaque than in the preceding and very asperately punctulate, limited below by a distinct rib which however is not sharply cariniform. H. ingens, Blackb. The erect edging is entirely opaque and non-rugulose, not limited below by a defined rib. Hi. debilis, Blackb. The prothoracic erect edging resembles that of H. lubricus. Hi. colossus, Macl. (? De Bréme). Prothoracic edging resembles that of H. lubricus. H. intermedius, Macl. (? De Bréme). This is the only species known to me (of those in Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” having an abruptly erect prothoracic edging which is subnitid, levigate- and convex) in which the edging is limited below by a defined -carina-like rib. The insect when immature is of a very pale brown colour. H. scaphiformis, sp. nov. Ovalis, postice angustatus; minus . latus; sat nitidus; sat glaber; piceo-niger, partibus lateralibus antennis pedibusque nonnihil rufescentibus ; antennis sat elongatis ; prothorace (in disco) postice tuber- culo conico armato, ad latera crebre subtilissime granulato, externe (a latere viso) cum elytris margine retlexo ad per- pendiculum directo (hoc in prothorace et in elytris equaliter lato, nitido fere levi, convexo, subtus haud carina deter- minato) instructo, processubus anticis perlatis, angulis posticis subacutis retrorsum directis ; elytris in disco crebre- subtilissime (vix distincte) punctulatis et granulis parvis- obtusis confuse dispositis sat crebre ornatis, sutura carinata, parte laterali valde reflexa, crebre distincte punctulata et puncturis majoribus nonnullis prope discum impressa. Long., 14—151!.; lat., 8—84 1, 39 A species of peculiar form, being narrower than any other Heleus of this group known to me and narrowed hindward almost from the base of the elytra, with the apex in some speci- mens (probably males) almost acuminate. The lateral parts of the elytra are so strongly turned up that if a specimen be looked at from the side it will be seen that the sutural carina rises very little (or not at all) above the lateral margins, and is, in fact, invisible or nearly so. [n the general character of its sculpture it is nearest I think to H. intermedius, but its elytra are much more closely granulate than those of that species, and the granules have much less tendency (in fact, none at all) to fall into rows. The prothorax, too, though not narrow in compari- son with the elytra is,—like the elytra,—narrower than in the allied species and therefore is less transverse. I have seen only two examples of this insect,—one from Murray Bridge in the S.A. Museum, —one in my own collection (of doubtful locality). This species is certainly not H. Browni, | think, as the latter is described ‘‘ broadly ovate.” S. Australia. H. modicus, sp. nov. Sat late ovatus; modice nitidis; sat glaber; piceo-niger, pedibus antennisque plus minusve rufescentibus ; prothorace (in disco) postice tuberculo sat acuto armato, ad latera crebre subtiliter (minus vel vix distincte) granulato, externe (a latere viso) cum elytris margine reflexo ad perpendiculum directo (hoc in prothorace et in elytris sat equaliter lato, nitido, fere levi, convexo, subtus haud carina determinato) instructo, processubus anticis perlatis, angulis posticis sat acutis retrorsum directis ; elytris in disco minus subtiliter sat sparsim punctulatis et granulis parvis obtusis sparsim subseriatim ornatis, sutura carinata, parte laterali sat fortiter reflexa, crebre (plus minusve distincte) granulata et puncturis sat magnis prope discum sparsius impressa. Long., 12 1.; lat., 8 1. Rather close to H. intermedius, Macl. (? De Bréme), but less nitid, with the lateral portions of the elytra more strongly _ upturned (though much less strongly than in H. seaphiformis), the erect edging of the prothorax not limited below by a carina, the disc of the elytra punctured very evidently less finely, and the sub-basal depression of the elytra (which is very strong in intermedius) scarcely defined. The distinct discal puncturation of the elytra forbids my regarding this species as_ possibly Browni, Kirby, one of the few characters mentioned by Kirby being “ elytra haud punctata.” 8. Australia. H. pallidus, Macl. Fully matured specimens are of dark colour, so that the name seems applicable only to immature. examples. 40 H, elongatus, Blackb. Since I described this species I have seem two more specimens (one of them a dwarf, long., 10 1.), and I find the tendency of the discal elytral punctures to run in strips between unpunctured intervals less marked than in the type. The species, however, is very easily recognised by the characters attributed to it above in the tabulation. H, subseriatus, sp. nov. Ovatus; modice jlatus; nitidus; sat glaber ; testaceo-brunneus, in disco parum obscurior, pro- thoracis elytrorumque marginibus omnibus anguste nigri- cantibus ; antennis sat elongatis; prothorace in disco postice tuberculo conico et ante tuberculum carina brevi longi- tudinali armato, subtilissime (puncturis nonnullis paullo majoribus intermixtis) punctulatis, parte laterali modice reflexo confertim subtiliter granulosa, basi sinuata, angulis posticis minus acutis, margine haud ad_ perpendiculum directo ; elytris in disco sparsim subtiliter confuse punc- tulatis et 7-seriatim granulis distinctis instructis (granulis in disci margine externo quam cetera sat majoribus), seriel subsuturalis parte antica circiter tertia vel quarta leviter carinata, parte laterali ut prothoracis granulata et discum versus granulis nonnullis majoribus instructa, sutura sat fortiter carinata, disco fortiter convexo. Long., 15—184 1.; lat., 92—92 1. The characters of this species that appear to me to be of specific value are,—the comparatively light colouring with all the margins of prothorax and elytra narrowly blackish (this is certainly not the result of immaturity); the sculpture of the expanded lateral portions of the prothorax and elytra (not punc- tulate, though apparently so to a casual glance, but under a strong lens) consisting of fine and close granulation ; the disc of the prothorax with a well defined short longitudinal carina in front of the basal tubercle or horn; the absence of carinze (except the sutural one, and a short subsutural one forming the anterior part of the first row of granules) on the dise of the elytra; the presence of seven fairly regular rows of granules on the disc of the elytra, the interstices being finely, sparsely, and confusedly punctulate, and the absence of an erect edging on the lateral margins of the prothorax. H. princeps, Hope, is not intelligibly described and might be anything; the disc of its elytra is said to bear ‘‘ sex punctate line elevate” and to be sparsely impressed with ‘“ puncta atra elevata,” whatever that may mean ; moreover the description of its colouring does not at all agree with the present species,—which, however, is as likely as any other known to me to be H. princeps. If “ puncta elevata” are granules the present species may be definitely asserted to be distinct from princeps as the disc of the elytra 4] bears no granules except those in the series and a very small number placed more or less out of line with them, and the granules are emphatically not black. Among its allies with rows of granules, H. swbseriatus is distinguished by the presence of a short longitudinal strongly elevated carina on the prothorax in front of the basal horn from all except princeps, Macl. (? Hope) and eiongatus, Blackb. W. Australia. H. brevicostatus, Blackb. This species must be regarded as -connecting Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” with his “third group,” resembling the latter in the comparative narrowness of the overlapping front processes of its prothorax and in the rudimentary subsutural cost of its elytra being a little more -defined and elongated than in the other species of the first group though extremely different from the well-defined subsutural cost of the third group. It agrees with the first group in the space between the subsutural quasi-costz not being flattened. CHALCOPTERUS. ‘C. puer, sp, nov. C. diffictli, Blackb., affinis; oculis inter se magis approximatis (interspatio quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudo subangustior1); prothorace magis crebre punctulato, margine laterali (a latere viso) multo minus fortiter arcuato; elytrorum puncturis seriatis postice obsoletis, interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis; metasterno et episternis minus subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsorum posti- corum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti haud breviori ; cetera ut C. difficilis, Blackb. Long., 6 1.; lat., 31. It seems hardly necessary to repeat the numerous characters -common to this species and C. difficilis (which are elaborated in Pr. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, pp. 426-7); the description of C. difficilis may be read as applying to C. puer in all respects except those specified above. It should, however, be remembered that where C. difficilis is compared with C. cupripennis, the insect referred to under the latter name is cupripennis, Germ. and Blessig, which has been shown (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 70) not to be identical with C. cupripennis, Hope, but to be C. affinis, Blessig. [= C. (Amarygmus) Howitti, Pasc. | In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, &e.) C. puer would fall on p. 59 besides C. vigilans, Blackb., and proximus, Blackb., though not much resembling them, between which the seriate punctures of its elytra are somewhat intermediate ; it, however, differs from both inter alia in the very evidently wider interval between its eyes, and its considerably more nitid elytra. Central Australia. 42 C. vividus, Blackb. I regret to find that owing to a clerical error the description of this species contradicts one of the characters assigned to it by its place in the tabulation, viz., the black colour of the tarsal vestiture. The vestiture is black (as indicated in the tabulation), although in describing the species I wrote (by some slip of the pen that [ cannot account for) “ tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis.” Of course it should have been “ tarsis subtus nigro-setosis.” C. versicolor, Blackb. In a recent re-examination of my “ Revision of the Australian Amarygmides” I have come to the conclusion that this speeies is not well placed in the tabulation. If the tabulation in question be referred to (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, &e.) it will be seen that versicolor is placed among the species indicated under the letter ‘‘E” (on p. 56) as having “the prothorax of normal form and sculpture,” but it would really be more at home among those indicated under EE (on p. 61) as having the ‘‘ base of tie prothorax not more than half again as wide as the front, front angles prominent and acute,” although the front angles of its prothorax are not so decidedly acute as in some others of that aggregate. It would then fall (under GG.) along with vividus, Blackb., which might be thus tabulated farther. H. Prothorax strongly transverse ; its width being toitslengthas1?tol ... : ... versicolor, Blackb. HH. Prothorax notably less transverse.. ... vividus, Blackb. As there is a certain sppecenren in the form of the pro- thorax between some species which in my tabulation (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, ke.) of Chalcopteri I placed in the aggre- gate HE ‘(on p. 56), and some which I placed in the ag gregate EE (on p. 61); it seems desirable here to state that ‘in those cases the prothorax should be looked at from the side, when it will be found that in the members of the aggregate HE the convexity of the prothorax will appear evidently less than in the species of the other aggregate and the lateral margins straight— the lateral margins in the aggregate E from a similar ‘point of view appearing distinctly arched C. oblongus, Blackb. This is another species which in a re- examination of my ‘ Revision of the Australian Amarygmides”’ I think might have been placed more satisfactorily than I placed it. It is one of a very small number of species which are more: or less intermediate between the two main groups into which I divided the genus Chalcopterus, having feeble (but not well marked) ocular sulci. JI placed it in the group having ocular sulci, but it would be better placed in the other group. In fact its ocular sulci scarcely differ from those of C. difficilis (which I classified among those with the ocular sulci wanting, but with 43 a note that it has traces of the sulci). Placed among the species. not having ocular sulci, C. oblongus will take its place beside CO. placidus, Blackb., from which it differs inter alia multa in having the seriate punctures of the elytra (as in confluens, Blackb.) almost lost among the interstitial punctures, and the. elytra marked with longitudinal zones of various metallic colours. C. Iris, sp. nov. Oblongus, sat parallelus (forma fere ut C. longuli, Blackb. vel ZLeai, Blackb. sed magis depressa), sat nitidus; niger, elytris purpureo—et viridi—et aureo— versicoloribus, tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis ; capite squaliter distincte sat crebre punctulato; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine vix magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis ; antennis ut C. longipennis, Hope ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) ut 12 ad 1 latiori, crebre distincte punctulato, antice modice vix sinuatim emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) ad medium leviter (antice arcuatim sat fortiter) angustato, basi media sublobata, angulis anticis fere rectis ; elytris crebre minus subtiliter punctulatis, haud striatis, inter puncturas, confusas puncturis quam cetere paullo majoribus (fere ut C. confluentis, Blackb.) impressis ; prosterno medio sulcato ;. metasterno sat distincte punctulato et oblique rugato, episternis minus nitidis obsolete punctulatis ; abdomine antice distincte crebre (postice obsolete) punctulato et longi- tudinaliter rugato ; femoribus anticis subtilius punctulatis ; tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti paullo breviori. Long., 71 1. ; lat., 3% 1. A very distinct species. In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, &c.), there would be a doubt whether it should be placed under E (on p. 62) having the prothorax normal or under EE (on p. 65) having the prothorax nearly parellel-sided in the hinder half. If placed under E it would stand beside velutinus, Macl. (on p. 63),—with which, however, it is not at all closely allied,—and might be thus distinguished from it : Q. Seriate puncturation of elytra quite distinct ... velutinus, Macl. OO. Seriate puncturation of ese iis ite distinct from the interstitial ... iis, Blackb. If placed under EE, C. Iris att seas beside C. imperialis, Blackb., as not having the elytral interstices ‘“‘very finely” punc- tured (though they are punctured more finely than in amperialis), and would be distinguishable from imperialis as follows :— I. Seriate puncturation of elytra very distinct ... wnperialis, Blackb. II. Seriate puncturation of elytra scarcely distinct from the interstitial aa sma ... dris, Blackb. 44 The species to which this one appears to me most nearly allied is C. Leat, Blackb. (regarding the position of which in the genus some remarks will be found, applying also to this insect, in P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 80), but the exigencies of classification remove it from the neighbourhood of that species in my tabula- tion on account of its eyes being less widely separated from each other. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. French. C. Cresus, sp. nov. C. Mercurio, Blackh., affinis; oculis inter se minus (vix magis quam antennarum articuli 2' longitu- dine) remotis ; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, distincte (sed subobsolete) punctulato, antice distincte (et fortiter sinuatim) emarginato et minus angustato, elytris parum distincte striatis, striis magis subtiliter punctulatis, interstitlis parum distincte convexis ; cetera ut C. Mercurius. Long., 64 1.; lat., 321. Except in respect of the differences specified above the de- scription of C. Mercurius (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 449) applies to the present species, which in my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit. 1893, pp. 56, &c.) would stand beside Mercurius (on page 64), and may be thus distinguished from it :— L, Interval between eyes considerably greater than length of 2nd antennal joint a .. Mercurius. LL. Interval between eyes scarcely greater than length of 2nd antennal joint op : ie ... Cresus. This species is also very near C. major, Blackb., which has the interval between its eyes of about the same width, but differs in its notably larger size, different colour (the elytra being much less conspicuously tinged with purple) and different elytral sculpture, the punctulate striz being effaced near the base, while in Cresus the punctulate striz are continuous quite close to the base. N.W. Australia (given to me, I believe, by Mr. J. J. Walker). C. major, Blackb. Since I described this species (P. LS., N.S.W., 1892, p. 449), [ have seen some more specimens, and am now satisfied that the type, which I mentioned as probably a male is in reality a female. The male is somewhat smaller (the smallest I have seen is long. 771.) with the apical ventral seg- ment more strongly punctured than in the female and with its surface even, while in the female there is a well marked longitudinal concavity. C. proditor, sp. nov. C. majori, Blackb., aftinis ; colore in elytris viridis nonnihil purpureo-micans ; oculis inter se manifeste magis remotis ; elytrorum interstitiis perspicue magis convexis apicem versus fere subcostatis ; cetera ut C. major. Long., 8—9} 1. ; lat., 4—52 1. 45 Apart from the characters mentioned above, the description of C. major (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 449) applies to this species. In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit., 1893, pp. 56, &e.) C. proditor would stand beside C. major. The colour of the elytra is difficult to describe,—it may be called “ green with a tendency to look blue in certain lights.” N. W. Australia (Mr. French, &c.). C. gracilicornis, sp. nov. C. majori, Blavkb., aftinis; capite prothoraceque nigris, elytrorum sutura aureo-micanti ; oculis. quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine fere magis inter se remotis ; antennis gracillimis, articulo 3° quam 1" 2™* que conjuncti multo longiori, articulis 8—11 quam mox precedentes multo brevioribus; elytris multo magis sub- tiliter seriatim, interstitiis paullo magis crebre magis dis- tincte punctulatis; abdomine magis perspicue punctulatis ; cetera ut C. major. Long., 9 1.; lat., 42 1. Apart from the characters mentioned above, the description of C. major (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 449) applies to this species. In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit.) C. gracilicornis would stand beside C. major. The interval between its eyes is perhaps a trifle wide for that aggregate, but is notably narrower than in the aggregate containing Leaz, similis, &e. As the above descriptions add to Chalcopterus several species closely allied to major and Mercurius, it seems desirable to furnish a new tabulation of distinctive characters for the species that now stand under “J prothorax notably less nitid than the elytra.” (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 64),—as follows :— K. Width of interval between the eyes scarcely, if at all, greater than length of second antennal joint. L. Size large (7?—941.). Elytral striz effaced near base rad *? “ ae LL. Size much smaller (about 64 1.) Elytral striz almost reaching actual basal line of elytra ... ee “aig oe ae KK. Width of interval between the eyes notably greater than length of second antennal joint L. Antenne of average robustness. M. Size large (8—9}$ 1.) Elytra for the most part green, scarcely tinged with purple .... proditor, Blackb. MM. Size much smaller (about 7 1.). Inner half ot elytra entirely bright purple .... Mercuwrius, Blackb. LL. Antenne very exceptionally slender .. gracilicornis, Blackb. C. boops, sp. nov. C. oculari, Blackb., affinis; angustus, subcyclindricus ; prothorace nigro, elytris suturam versus viridi-micantibus ; antennis gracilibus, articulo 3° quam 1"* 2™ que conjuncti sat longiori ; prothorace quam longiori ut major, Blackb. Cresus, Blackb. 46 11 ad 1 latiori, minus crebre minus fortiter punctulato ; prosterno medio haud carinato; corpore subtus magis subtiliter punctulato ; cetera ut C. ocularis. Long., 6—7 1. ; lat., 22—32 ]. Apart from the characters mentioned above, the description of C’. ocularis (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 79), applies to this species, which stands beside it in my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit., p. 64). It differs from all the hitherto described Australian Chalcopteri except ocularis in its (all but contiguous) eyes, and from ocularis by its different colouring, much more slender antenne, less tranverse prothorax, &c. W. Australia ; sent to me by Mr. French. C. zonatus, sp. nov. C. Mercurio, Blackb., affinis; coioribus in elytris magis vittatim dispositis ; capite inter oculos magis perspicue punctulato ; oculis magis inter se remotis ; anten- narum articulo 3° minus elongato ; prothorace multo magis nitido, distincte sat crebre punctulato; elytrorum striis antice et suturam versus quam in ceteris partibus multo minus fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis paullo magis perspicue punctulatis ; prosterno medio haud sulcato; cetera ut C. Mercurius. Long., 7+ 1.; lat. 4 1. Except in respect of the characters mentioned above the description of C. Mercurius (P. L.S., N.S,W., 1892, p. 450), may be read as the description of this insect. In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit., 1893, pp. 56, &c.), the present species would stand beside mimus, Blackb., under JJ, and may be distinguished from it as indicated under the next species (C. costatus). N. Queensland (Mr. Koebele). C’. costatus, sp. nov. EHlongatus, subparallelus ; modice nitidus ; niger, elytris obsure cyaneis latera versus nonnihil aureo- micantibus ; capite sat equaliter crebre minus subtiliter punctulato ; oculis antennarum articuli basalis longitudine inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis; antennis quam corporis dimidium subbrevioribus modice robustis, apicem versus haud incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 1° 2° que con- juncti vix longiori quam 4"° 5"* que conjuncti parum breviori, articulis apicalibus quam precedentes haud_ brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori ut 14 ad 1 (postice quam antice ut 12 ad 1) latiori, subtiliter sat crebre punctulato, antice fere truncato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) arcuatim angustato, basi media parum lobata, angulis (superne visis) obtusis (anticis ad apicem summum certo adspectu minute fere sub- denticulatis); elytris profunde striatis, striis crenulato- punctulatis, interstitiis omnibus obtuse costiformibus vix 47 perspicue punctulatis; prosterno medio vix distincte carinato ; corpore subtus sat obsolete punctulato; femoribus anticis antice subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo- setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam apicales 2 con- juncti vix longiori. Long., 71.; lat., 321. An extremely isolated species in the genus on account of it® decidedly costate elytra. In a natural arrangement it would stand, I think, near longiusculus, Blackb., but the exigencies of classification would cause it to standin my tabulation of the Chalcopteri beside mimus, Blackb., from which it, and the pre- ceding species, may be thus distinguished :— K. Interstices of elytra feebly convex. L. Elytral striz much more strongly punctured near apex than near base . zonatus, Blackb. LL. Elytral striz evenly (or nearly so) punctured . mimus, Blackb. KK. Interstices of elytra quite strongly costate .. costatus, Blackb, An example from Queensland in Mr. French’s collection must, I think, be referred to this species, although it is coloured very differently, the elytra being bright blue, with the suture and all the striz purple. W. Australia. C. acutangulus, sp. nov. Oblongo-ovalis; sat nitidus ; niger, elytris aureo cupreo et viridi versicoloribus ; capite crebre subtilius equaliter punctulato; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine paullo magis inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus subfoveiformibus ; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus minus robustis, articulis 6—11 perspicue dilatatis inter se sat «qualibus, articulo 3° quam 1™* 2° que conjuncti vix longiori quam 4" 5" que conjuncti paullo breviori ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, crebre subtilius fere ut caput punctulato, antice leviter emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) angustato sed parum arcuato, basi media vix lobata, angulis anticis obtusis posticis (superne vVisis) acutis fere dentiformibus ; elytris vix striatis, seriatim sub- tiliter punctulatis, interstitiis planis vel vix obsolete con- vexis subtilius (fere ut prothorax) crebre punctulatis ; prosterno medio planato; corpore subtus sparsim subtiliter punctulato, abdomine crebre rugato; femoribus anticis antice subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsis fulvo-setosis, posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis longitudine equali. Long., 6—7 1.; lat., 31—32 1. This Shilitiad: and the next described, fall into an aggregate ais- tinguished from all other described Chaleopteri by the } presence of ocular sulci in combination with legs of dark colour (the tarsi having fulvous vestiture). They are both extremely distinct 48 from the three previously described members of the same aggre- gate. C. acutangulus, ina natural arrangement, would stand near C’. lepidus, Blackb., which differs from it inter alia in its eyes being still wider apart, its tarsal vestiture black, and the hind angles of its prothorax (viewed from above) much less pro- minent. Central Australia. C. mundus, sp.nov. Elongato-ovalis, subparallelus ; sat nitidus, ; capite prothorace que subopacis; niger, prothorace elytris que cupreo et viridi versicoloribus; capite sequaliter subtilissime punctulato; oculis antennarum articuli basalis longitudine inter se remotis; sulcis ocularibus subfovei- formibus; antennis fere ut C. acutanguli sed articulo 6° vix dilatatis; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) fere duplo latiori, subtiliter minus crebre punctulato, antice (superne viso) subtruncato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) arcuatim angustato, basi media leviter lobata. angulis (superne visis) anticis obtusis posticis subacutis; elytris haud striatis, seriatim sat fortiter punctulatis (puncturis seriatis postice haud minus fortiter impressis), interstitiis planis vix perspicue punctulatis ; prosterno medio antice carinato ; corpore subtus vix punctulato, abdomine leviter rugato ; tarsis fulvo-setosis, posticorum articulo basali ceteris conjunctis parum breviori. Long., 51.; lat., 251. Evidently allied to the preceding (C. acutangulus) but inter alia much smaller, with the interval between the eyes narrower, the elytral seriate punctures much larger, &c., &c. Also bears much superficial resemblance to several species which have dark tarsal vestiture or no ocular sulci. The continuance to the apex of the elytra (without enfeeblement) of the seriate punctuation is a somewhat unusual character. This species and the preceding (C. acutangulus) do not fit any line to which a specific name is attached in my tabulation of Chalcopterus (P. L. S., N.S.W.,1893, pp. 56, &c.). They would stand under “CC” (on p. 69), but not under either “ D” or “DD” (the two sub-divisions of CC”). Their place in the tabulation will be found set forth under the heading C. obtusus, Pasc., below. C. (Amarygmus) obtusus, Pasc. In my ‘ Revision of the Amarygmides” I stated (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 54) that this species was one of four Chalcoptert which I had been unable to identify. I have since received from Mr. Lower an example from Queensland which agrees fairly well with Mr. Pascoe’s descrip- tion. The discrepancies are that the colour of the elytra should be uniformly brownish-copper, but is tinged with green along the 49 suture and the hind part of the sides, that the prothorax is implied to be black whereas it is black with some coppery re- flection, and that the punctures of the prothorax should be “minute ” but are scarcely so fine as is indicated by that word. I think, however, that I may venture to assign a place in my tabulation to obtwsus on the strength of this specimen, enclosing the name, however, between brackets to indicate that (as in the case of other species so marked in the tabulation) there is an element of douht in its identification. Its place in the tabulation should be beside acutangulus and mundus (described above) on page 69, loc. cit., and the three will have to follow /evicollis, Blessig., thus :— DDD. Prothorax punctulate ; eyes not bordered by a carina. E. The elytral seriate punctures comparatively large (much more so than in Howitti, Pasc.). F. The elytra evidently striate (size compara- tively large—7 |. or more) ... [obtusus, Pasc. ] FF. The elytra absolutely devoid of striation.. mundus, Blackb. EE. The elytral seriate punctures much finer ... acutangulus, Blackb. C. (Amarygmus) rufipes, Macl. In my Revision of the Amarygmides I treated this species as being the only representa- tive of the aggregate distinguished by the following characters in combination, viz., ocular sulci present, legs not of uniformly dark colour. There.is every reason to believe that the names picipes,. Macl., and nigritarsis, Pasc., were given to insects appertaining to this aggregate, and in my Revision I indicated the opinion that they might both be synonymous with rufipes, Macl. Among the numerous Chalcopteri that I have accumulated since the publication of my Revision I find at least three good species of this aggregate closely allied to, but distinct from, rufipes, and it is extremely difficult to determine whether any of them is picipes or nigritarsis. As regards rufipes, I possess an example from Gayndah (the original locality) sent to me by Mr. Masters (the original captor of the species), and ticketed by him ‘compared with type.” It does not agree with Sir W. Macleay’s descrip- tion, inasmuch as its head, prothorax, and under surface are (not black but) blue, and its legs are not “entirely red,” but have the tars. of dark piceous colour. [I consider, nevertheless, that the speci.aen is rightly named, and have no doubt the description is wrong, as Mr. Masters is about the most careful and reliable authority I know in the matter of identifying a species by com- parison with the type specimen. One of the three species mentioned above I am disposed to think is picepes, Macl., the description of which is merely a statement that its elytra (not blue but) green, its legs (not red but) piceous brown, its elytra a little more largely punctured, and its form shorter and broader distinguish it from rufipes. The specimens I am discussing D 50 present these characters—though the last mentioned two are only slightly marked, and in addition its head is of black colour and is very much more strongly punctured, its prothorax is black (scarcely tinged with green), and the interval between its eyes is quite evidently narrower. C. nigritarsis is either identical with one or other of Sir W. Macleay’s species or is an insect I have not seen ; for it cannot be either of the other two species before me on account of its seriate elytral punctures being de- scribed as “ minute.” I do not think it can be the species I take to be picipes, Macl., inasmuch as its head is called “ nearly impunctate,” but it may well be a colour var. of rufipes with the description (or rather with Mr. Master’s type) of which it agrees very wel' in all respects except in its elytra being “green.” I have seen several specimens of rufipes, and find the elytra to vary from blue towards a reddish purple tone, but have not seen any with elytra green. So nigritarsis remains an enigma to me. There are thus before me two species (having ocular sulci and legs not entirely dark) which are distinct from any species yet described possessing those characters, but unfortunately one of them is represented by a broken specimen unfitted to be treated as a type. I proceed to name and describe the other. C. jucundus, sp. nov. Ovalis (modice late) ; sat nitidus; viridis, capite nigro, prothorace nigro viridi-micanti, femoribus tibiisque testaceo-brunneis, tarsis piceis ; capite minus crebre (in clypeo crebre) subtiliter punctulato, parte mediana levi ; oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine nullo modo minus inter se remotis; sulcis ocularibus bene definitis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium subbrevioribus _ sat robustis apicem versus v1x incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 1s 2° que conjuncti sat longiori quam 4% 5" que conjuncti sat breviori, articulis apicalibus quam precedentes parum brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori ut 12 ad 1 (postice quam antice fere duplo) latiori, subtilissime vix perspicue punctulato, utrinque basin versus oblique subsulcato, antice vix emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) arcuatim angustato, basi media vix lobata, angulis (superne visis) obtusis ; elytris haud striatis, seriatim punctulatis, punct- uris sat magnis (fere ut C. levicollis, Blessig, sed basin versus magis subtilibus et apicem versus subobsoletis), inter- stitiis planis levibus; prosterno medio planato; corpore subtus fere levi; femoribus anticis antice subtilissime punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-vestitis, posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti parum breviori. Long., 7 1. ; lat., 3= 1. This species is easily distinguishable from the other described ones having ocular sulci and legs not uniformly of dark colour by 51 ‘the much coarser puncturation of its elytral series. In my tabula- tion of the Chalcopterr (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, &c.) it stands beside C. rufipes, Macl., from which it differs (as stated above) by its elytral puncturation. It is possible that the oblique sulcus near the posterior angle on either side of the prothorax may be an individual peculiarity of the typical specimen. Victoria ; I have no record of the exact locality. RHIPIDOPHORIDAL. EUCTENIA. EE. occidentalis, sp. nov. Mas. Obscure castanea; subnitida ; breviter pubescens; capite supra prothoracem elevato, sub- fortiter sat crebre punctulato ; oculis magnis supra et subtus subcontiguis ; antennarum articulo basali modico (fere ut £. sericee, Gerst., sed minus dilatato), 2° brevi, 3° quam basalis vix breviori, 4° brevi, 5° ramum elongatum emittenti, 6° ramum etiam longiorem emittenti, 7°—11° ramos inter se zequales (sed quam 6' longiores) emittentibus; palporum maxillarium articulo apicali quam JZ. sericee longiori et graciliori ; prothorace conico, cum elytris crebre aspere sub- fortiter (quam JZ. sericee multo magis fortiter) punctulato, basi fortiter (fere ut LZ. sericee) sinuata, angulis posticis acutissimis ; elytris (fere ut JZ. sericew) lineis elevatis obsolete instructis; pedibus ut Z. sericea. Long., 441. ; lat., 14 1. (vix). It is only with extreme hesitation that I refer this species to Fuctenia. It would seem much more at home in Pelecotomoides were it not for the one character of its head being elevated above the level of the prothorax (as in Huctenia), a character to which Mm. Gerstacker and Lacordaire seem to attribute much im- portance. The eyes and antenne are altogether those of a Pelecotomoides. It would, perhaps, be better to found a new genus for it, but I abstain from doing so on the ground that the observation of more species may quite possibly show the eleva- tion of the head to be of less than generic importance. In fact, I have in my collection examples (unfitted by their condition or sex for being types) of several species that seem in respect of some character or another to be intermediate between Pelecotomoides and EHuctenia. W. Australia ; Coolgardie (in the 8.A. Museum). EVANIOCERA. Below will be found descriptions of two new species apper- taining to this genus, and notes on a species previously described by me. The following tabulation will show the male characters of the described species with the exception of one that was des- Or 2 cribed by Sir W. Macleay, without any detailed record of such characters, as EH. Gerstdckert; and one that was doubtfully referred by Mr. Champion to £. Gerstdckeri, Macl., likewise without a sufficiently detailed description of the antennz to enable me to place it in the tabulation confidently. Notes on those two will be found below. It should be observed that the length of the third and fourth joints of the antennz (mentioned in the tabulation) has reference, not to the length of the rami of those joints, but to the length of the basal piece of the joints (from which their rami are emitted). A. Antenne of male with nine rami. B. The third joint of the artennz much longer than fourth. C. Eyes widely separated from each other ... pruimosa, Gerst. CC. Eyes approximate inter se .. Meyricki, Blackb. BB. The third and fourth anes of antennze sub- equal inter se... os ... perthensis, Blackb. AA. Antenne of male with eight. rami. B. The third joint of the antenne strongly transverse ... nervosa, Gerst. BB. The third joint of the antennz not transverse minuta, Blackb. E. Meyricki, sp. nov. Mas. Picea, prothoracis lateribus elytris~ pedibusque rufescentibus, capite palpis antennisque nigris ; minus nitida; confertim subtiliter punctulata; cinereo pubescens (lineatim in elytris) ; oculis magnis in fronte sat approximatis (interspatio quam antennaruim articuli basalis longitudo haud latiori) ; antennarum articulis basali valde compresso subtriangulari, 2° minuto transverso, ceteris ramos elongatos singulos emittentibus, articuli 3' ramo quam ceterorum breviori et a ramo articuli 4' longe remoto; prothorace conico, basi valde bisinuata, lateribus (superne visis) vix sinuatis; elytris postice sat angustatis. Long., AC a a ee blss B. nervosa, Gerst., somewhat in the disposition of the whitish pubescence on the elytra, but differs from it ater alia in the third joint of its antennz emitting a long ramus, and in the much narrower interval between the eyes ; from pruinosa, Gerst., it differs by the ramus of the third antennal joint being much longer, the eyes much more approximate, the elytra striped (rather than marbled) with whitish pubescence, &c., from Gerstackerit, Macl. (which is practically undescribed) by the linear disposition of the elytral pubescence, and no doubt other characters ; from H. Gerstdckeri, Champ. (?{Macl.), by its striped elytra, and probably other characters (Mr. Champion does not describe the antenna, eyes, &c., minutely), and from Z. minuta, Blackb., by its much larger size, more approximate eyes, head more elongate, and much more finely rugulose in front, elytra very differently coloured, black mandibles (they are red in minuta), &e. It should be noted that the long interval between D3 the first and second rami of the antenne results from the elongate form of the third joint. W. Australia; King George’s Sound; taken by Mr. E. Meyrick. E. perthensis, sp. nov. Mas. Picea.; minus nitida; confertim sub- tiliter punctulata; pube fulva et albida vestita (hac in prothorace postice, in elytrorum basi suturaque, in corpore subtus et in tibiis condensata) ; oculis modicis inter se late remotis ; antennarum articulis basali modico minus dilatato, 2° minuto transverso, ceteris ramos elongatos singulos emittentibus, articuli 3' ramo quam 4' parum breviori et ad 4' ad basin contiguo ; prothorace conico, basi valde bisinuata, lateribus (superne visis) vix sinuatis ; elytris postice modice angustatis. Long., 221; lat., 1 1. This species seems to be entirely piceous, and to owe its variegation entirely tu pubesence. The upper surface is densely clothed with very fine pubesence, which is of red-brown colour except on certain parts where it is whitish,—viz., the hind part of the prothorax and the front part and suture of the elytra. The underside is uniformly but less closely (and consequently somewhat inconspicuously) clothed with very fine pale hairs, and similar hairs clothe the legs, being more conspicuous and pallid on the tibia and tarsi than on the femora. The head and antenne are of darker colour than the general surface. Apart from colour and markings (which seem very distinctive) the present insect is at once distinguishable from nervosa, Gerst., pruinosa, Gerst., Meyricki, Blackb., and minuta, Blackb., by the antenne of its male having the ramus of the third joint nearly as long as that of the fourth, and at the base scarcely further from that of the fourth than the latter is from that of the fifth. As noted above the descriptions of Grerstdéckeri, Macl., and Gerstackeri, Champ. (! Macl.) are not sufficiently minute for com- parison apart from colour, but I am almost sure that the insect before me is not identical with Sir W. Macleay’s, as the colouring seems entirely different, and the remoteness of locality is un- favourable to the idea of identity. Gerstdckeri, Champ., evidently has very different markings ; its antenne have the ramus of the third joint elongate, but it is not specified whether the first ramus is placed at a long interval from the second ; but even if Mr. Champion’s insect is identical with mine, it is somewhat certainly not Gerstdcker, Macl., and in that case needs a new name. W. Australia ; taken at Perth by Mr. Meyrick. FE. minuta, Blackb. In comparing this very small insect with the above two species, I regret to find that there is an error in my description of its antennz (Trans. Roy. Soc., vol. XVLI., p. 54 178), as the first ramus is emitted from the basal end of the fourth joint (not, as I supposed, from the apex of the third joint). The peculiar antennal structure of each ramus (except, of course, the apical one) being connected with the base ef its joint is. easily seen in the larger species, but in the much smaller one very careful examination is required to see which joint emits it, and it is not a character that one would look for unless one were expecting it,—indeed, it is only by observing it under a high power that I have been able, even now, to determine the point. EMENADIA. Below I furnish descriptions of six new species of this genus? preceded by a tabulation showing distinctive characters for all the species as yet described, except luteipennis, Macl. (the de- scription of which is insufficient for identification). It should be noted that I have not seen specimens of fricolor, Gerst., luteipennis, Champ. (? Macl.), maculicollis, Bohem., and cucullata, Macl., but that the descriptions of those species mention characters which enable me to place them in the tabulation. A. Head nitid and (at any rate except in front) leevigate or nearly so. B. Prothorax not carinate. C. Apex of prothoracic lobe not upturned. D. Apex of prothoracic lobe not emarginate. E. Head black. F. Elytra closely punctulate. G. Basal 2 joints of hind tarsi much compressed ; hindangles of prothorax considerably divergent GG. Basal 2-joints of hind tarsi much more slender; hind angles of prothorax ‘not or scarcely divergent FF. Elytra sparsely punctured EE. Head more or less red. F. Head entirely red FF. Head red in front, black behind. G. Prothorax and elytra sparsely punctured GG. Prothorax and elytra closely punctured FFF. Head black in front, ‘red behind DD. Apex of prothoracic lobe emarginate CC. Apex of prothoracic lobe up upturned BB. Prothorax seer: a longitudinal median carina AA. The whole of the head punctulate. B. The head black, and very closely punctured even behind BB. Head mostly red, with the puneturation notably less close behind conspicuously diversiceps, Blackb. sobrina, Waterh. dificilis, Blackb. tricolor, Gerst. [(? Macl.}: lutecpennis, Champ. Championi, Blackb. capito, Blackb. maculicollis, Bohem. Nove- Hollandie, Gerst.- cucullata, Macl. punctulaticeps, Blackb.. interioris, Blackb. 5D E. diversiceps, sp. nov. Nigra, cyaneo-iridescens, antennarum basi et oris membris picescentibus, segmentis ventralibus postice rufescentibus ; nitida, capite antice sat crebre vix aspere postice subtilissime sparsissime punctulato ; pro- thorace elytrisque (horum puncturis sat elongatis, illius basin versus minus crebris magis grossis) crebre sat fortiter punctulatis ; elytrorum disco longitudinaliter impresso ; tar- sorum posticorum articulis basalibus 2 compressis. Var. Prothorace elytrisque plus minusve_ rufescentibus. Long., 52 1..; lat., 2 1. The blue iridescence of this species is probably characteristic. The puncturation of the head and elytra is not unlike that of E. sobrina, Waterh. ; that of the prothorax is notably coarser and less close near the base. The prothorax resembles in shape that of Z. sobrina, Waterh., except in having its hind angles distinctly divergent. An example in the 8.A. Museum has the disc of the elytra longitudinally reddish, and one in my collection has the elytra nearly entirely (and the prothorax entirely) reddish ; both have distinct traces of bluish iridescence. S.W. Australia. £. sobrina, Waterh. I have seen only two specimens that I can refer to this species, which considerably resembles in colouring some varieties of £. diversiceps, Blackb., butis of notably narrower form, with the hind angles of its prothorax even more decidedly . non-divergent, and the basal two joints of the hind tarsi evidently more cylindric. The two examples before me are both females, but the tarsal character is certainly not sexual, as the females of E. diversiceps have the basal two joints quite strongly compressed. The prothorax (especially behind) is much more closely, and less coarsely, punctulate than than of diversiceps. E. difficilis, sp. nov. Nigra, prothorace abdomine tibiis tarsisque (nonnullorum exemplorum) et elytris antennis mandibulis palpisque (plus minusve) testaceis; nitida; capite antice crebre fortius postice sparsissime subtilissime punctulato ; prothorace supra equali minus crebre punctulato lobo mediano ad apicem rotundato, angulis posticis divergen- tibus; elytris in disco longitudinaliter impressis, antice sparsius (apicem versus crebre) punctulatis, puncturis sub- elongatis. Long., 3—441.; lat., 1—14 1. The following characters in combination distinguish this species from its previously described congeners :—Head black, its hind part scarcely distinctly punctured, median lobe of prothorax rounded and not upturned and not carinate, elytra more or less testaceous and with comparatively sparse isolated (except close to the apex) punctures. It is variable to the last degree in colour and markings ; in a long series, however, of both sexes I 56 find the head, sterna, and femora, invariably black or pitchy- black. The prothorax varies from entirely testaceous red, through forms in which the disc is diversely marked with fuscous or blackish, to a form in which it is entirely black. The elytra vary from a rare form in which they are entirely testaceous except a slight infuscation round the middle part of the base, through forms in which the whole base is black or blackish with that colour extended, more or less widely, for a greater or less distance along the suture, to forms in which the sutural blacken- ing is extended to fill up the whole apical quarter. The number of antennal joints having their base testaceous (the rami of the male and the serrations of the female are invariably blackish) is variable. The hind angles of the prothorax are somewhat strongly divergent. £. tricolor, Gerstack. I have not seen any specimen that I can refer to this species, which is described as having the head and prothorax and the under surface red. Although the Hmenadie are extraordinarly variable in the colours and markings of the prothorax and elytra, I have not seen (even in some fairly long series) any variation in the colour of the head in any species. Gerstacker evidently had at least more than one specimen of tricolor before him, so that his description cannot have been founded on an isolated extreme aberration of a species usually having the head black. Mr. Waterhouse (Ann. Nat. H., 1883) describes a black-headed male Emenadia, which he says is pro- bably the male of tricolor, and supposes the difference of colour to be sexual. I have not seen any specimen coloured as that male is described, but I can say positively that in no Hmenadia, of which I have seen both sexes, is there a sexual difference of colour, and I have little doubt that the male in question is dis- tinct from tricolor, and also from the other named HLmenadie. In Mr. Masters’ Catalogue, ‘South and W. Australia,” is cited as the habitat of Z. tricolor, but I notice that Gerstacker gives the habitat merely as ‘‘ Nova-Hollandia.” E. Championi, sp. nov. Nigra, capite antice antennis (articu- lorum parte producta excepta) palpis mandibulis (apice excepto) prothorace (parte discoidali variabili excepta) elytris (basi suturaque anguste infuscatis exceptis) abdominis maculis nonnullis et pedibus (femoribus posticis exceptis) testaceis vel rufis; sat nitida; capite antice subtiliter postice vix manifeste punctulato; prothorace crebre punctulato, supra equali, lobo mediano ad apicem rotundato, angulis posticis divergentibus ; elytris fere squalibus, ad apicem acutissimis fere spiniformibus, crebre minus fortiter punctulatis. Long., 31.; lat., 11. DT The most striking character of this insect is the absence of the longitudinal impression that is so conspicuous on the elytra of (at any rate most of) its Australian congeners. .In colouring (which, however, is probably variable) it resembles the W. Aus- tralian species that Mr. Champion calls “ luteipennis, Macl. ?” but differs from it (judging from the description) inter alia by the much closer puncturation of its prothorax and elytra. S. Australia. £. capito, sp. nov. Nigra, capite (parte inter labrum et antennas excepta) mandibulis basin versus antennarum basi palpis prothorace elytris tibiarum spinis tarsorumque unguiculis ferrugineo-rufis ; capite antice subtilius (postice vix mani- feste) punctulato ; prothorace supra sat eequali, sat fortiter erebre (sed basin versus mediam multo minus crebre) punctulato, lobo mediano postice truncato, angulis posticis leviter divergentibus; elytris in disco longitudinaliter impressis, sat fortiter crebre (antice vix minus crebre) punetulatis. Long., 441. ; lat., 131. The colouring of the two examples that I have seen of this species may be briefly characterised as entirely ferruginous red above, including the hind half of the head, and entirely black beneath, the only exception being the palpi, the base of the antenne, the apical spines of the tibie, and the claws fer- ruginous, the front half the head black and some of the tarsal joints inclining to piceous. I have no doubt but that the colouring of the head is a reliable character, in which case this insect needs distinguishing only according to the tabulation (above), but it may be added that it differs also from £. Champion, Blackb., by the presence of a well-defined discal impression on the elytra, from uteipennis, Champ. (? Macl.), by the close puncturation of its elytra, and that the difference in the colouring of almost every part from that of tricolor, Gerst. far surpasses the limits of probable variation. (Unfortunately Gerstacker’s description is scarcely precise enough to allow a minute comparison of structural characters.) If there should turn out to be a black-headed form of this species it would come nearest to diversiceps and sobrina, from the former of which it differs inter alia by the lateral margin of its elytra very much more strongly sinuate behind the shoulder, and from the latter by the evident divergence of the prothoracic hind angles, and the much less close puncturation of its prothorax. Victoria. £. punctulaticeps, sp. nov. Tota nigra, oris membris plus minusve piceis vel rufescentibus exceptis; minus nitida; supra (capite incluso) crebre subfortiter (fere ut Z. sobrina, Waterh.) punctulata, puncturis sat elongatis; elytrorum disco longitudinaliter impresso. 58 Var.? Elytris in parte antica dimidia (basi summa excepta) fulvis. Long., 3—54 1; lat., 1—21. This species is very easily recognised by its closely and asper- ately punctured head (which is even more closely and asperately punctured in the front part than on the vertex.) Its prothorax is considerably more dilated at the base than that of Z. sobrina, Waterh., with the hind angles notably more divergent. The puncturation of the prothorax and elytra is as in &. sobrina, Waterh. In respect of colouring, the unicolorous antenne and entirely black elytra seem to form a reliable distinction from most others of the genus. The “var.?” mentioned above does not seem to differ from the type except in the presence of fulvous colouring on the elytra. Southern Australia (widely distributed). E. interioris, sp. nov. Nigra, capite antice antennarum basi palpis mandibulis (ad basin) prothorace (magna ex parte) elytris (postice et ad latera) sterna (maculatim) et abdomine rufis ; modice nitida ; capite antice aspere creberrime (postice minus confertim nec aspere) fortius punctulato ; prothorace supra sat quali, confertim (a basi antrorsum gradatim magis subtiliter) punctulato, lobo mediano postice anguste- rotundato, angulis posticis divergentibus ; elytris in disco longitudinaliter impressis, sat fortiter (antice sparsius, retrorsum gradatim magis confertim) punctulatis. Long.,. 6 is lats2 1, The red colour of the front part of the head in combination with the strong puncturation of the whole of that segment and the narrowly rounded sub-acuminate apex of the basal lobe of the prothorax distinguishes this species from all its previously des- cribed Australian congeners. The black mark on the prothorax is probably variable ; in the type it occupies the greater part of the segment, and is trilobed in front (the lobes not quite reaching the front margin, and having their apices so connected together as to enclose two red spots), and bilobed behind (the lobes not reaching the base). The elytra may be described as being red, with on each of them a somewhat triangular elongate black spot which has it base on the base of the elytra, its apex a little beyond the middle, and touches the suture for a greater distance than it does the lateral margin. In colouring &c., #. interioris bears a rough resemblance to: the description of £. maculicollis, Bohem., but is no doubt very distinct from that species (which is said, inter alia, to have the apex of its prothoracic lobe emarginate, and its head “ subtiliter punctulatum.”) From #. punctulaticeps it differs, apart from colour, chiefly by the notably less close puncturation of the hind. * a9 part of its head and the front part of its elytra,—the prothoracic puncturation being very similar in the two species. Central Australia. RHIPIDIUS. The species described below may be referred, I think, to this genus, which has not been hitherto recorded as occurring in Aus- tralia, although it appears to be widely distributed, species being known from Europe and South Africa. I regret that I have not one of those species before me for comparison, but, nevertheless, I feel confidentin the present identification, as the characters of the insect concerned agree quite satisfactorily with those attributed to Rhipidius by M. Lacordaire, with the single exception that the claws are scarcely to be ‘called “simple” in the strict sense (inasmuch as the basal portion is somewhat strongly compressed), and would be more acgurately described as subappendiculate. This, however, is not a discrepancy that would justify the creation of a new generic name. I should add, how- ever, that as I have only a single specimen I have not been able to investigate characters that cannot be observed without dissec- tion. As the genus is new to Australia it will be well to mention its distinctive characters, as follows:—Elytra extremely short (scarcely surpassing the base of the abdomen) and very widely separated from each other (the interval between them at their base being about as wide as the head) ; maxillary palpi wanting ; head small and globular, the greater part of its surface being occupied by the strongly granulated eyes (which are almost con- tiguous) ; antennz contiguous at their base, their basal 3-joints short, the other 8-joints produced into long rami ; legs stout and hairy, the tibiz dilated towards the apex which is devoid of spines, the tarsi heteromerous and short with small sub-appendicu- late claws ; scutellum large and transverse. This insect is probably parasitic upon Diptera, as I found it crawling over some dead blow-flies. ft. Australasie, sp. nov. Mas. Obscure brunneus, pedibus dilutioribus, capite nigro ; hoc crebre subaspere punctulato ; prothorace nitido, leviter transverso, antrorsum angustato, subtilissime punctulato, angulis posticis acutis extrorsum directis ; elytris opacis, postice acutis, confertim sat aspere punctulatis; antennarum articulo 3° extrorsum fortiter dentiformi. Long., 2 l. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. CANTHARIDi. ZONITIS. I have recently made an attempt to determine the species of this genus in my own collection and that of the S.A. Museum. 60 The task presents much difficulty on account of the unsatisfactory character of many of the earlier descriptions of species. The generic determination, moreover, of many of the described species belonging, or near, to Zonitis is a matter of the utmost difficulty. The following genera have been recorded as Australian— Cantharis, Palestra, T’mesidera, Zonitis, Palestrida. Cantharis posticalis, Fairm., might be confidently supposed to be distinct from Zonitis, but I have aspeciesfrom Northern Australia which agrees remarkably well with the specific description of that insect, and it is undoubtedly a Zonitis. If C. posticalis should prove to be a Zonitis, Cantharis would disappear from our catalogue. Palestra is a good genus, distinguished from Zonitis by the dilated and compressed form of its antennal joints, &c. Tmesidera is almost certainly identical with Palestra, and is a later name; but of its species, only the type (7. rufipennis, Westw.) and assimilis, Hope, appear to be Palestrew, the other two species attributed to the genus Z'mesidera, by Hope, being in reality species of Zonitis. Palestrida is, I should say, certainly inseparable from Palestra. The genus Zonitis I regard, then, as including (besides the species that have been attributed to it by their authors) two of the Z'mesidere, and possibly Cantharis posticalis, Fairm. In 1880 M. Fairmaire published (Stett. Ent. Z., pp. 261, &c.) a monograph of the genera Zonitis, T’mesidera, and Palestra, quoting the exact words of the description of species he had not seen, and adding numerous new species ; and since that time, so far as I know, nothing further has been published concerning the Australian species of Zonitis and its allies, except isolated de- scriptions of additional species. This seems like an exceptionally favorable condition for a group of Coleoptera but, unfortunately, there are few other groups containing so large a proportion of descriptions that are incapable of identification with any particular insect. (without examination of the types), and, moreover, M. Fairmaire’s work is exceedingly difficult to follow out to any satisfactory result ; thus, without tabu/atiny the species, he arranges them in groups, but in many instances the detailed descriptions are inconsistent with those of the groups. For example, in Group VIII. the first sub-group is characterised as follows :—‘‘ Abdomen rufum, femor- ibus rufis,” and of the species associated together under that head- ing the first is described in detail as having the abdomen red, but it is implied that the legs are black ; the description of the second is simply a quotation from Blessig, which thus describes the legs | —‘ beine schwartzblau ;” the third is stated to have a variety with black legs; and only the fourth (and last) is described as definitely characterised by its red femora. Then, further, M. 61 Fairmaire has distributed among his groups numerous species which he definitely states are unknown to him, and the descrip- tions of which contain no hint as to the presence of the characters on the assumed presence of which M. Fairmaire assigns them their place. And again the headof Z. limbipennis is characterised in the description of that species as “ rufo-testaceous,” and a note at the end of the description says—‘“ This species is easy to recognise by its black head.” As I have recently had occasion, for the purpose indicated above, to go carefully through all the literature bearing upon Zonitis and ascertain which of the descriptions are capable of identification, with any particular insect, and which are mere brief indications of colour, or of two or three differenses from some other insect, it seems desirable to put the results on record for the use of other workers, and to add a tabular statement of the characters that I have found available for identifying those species which are known to me either through intelligible description or inspection of types. The names that have been attributed to Zonitis by M. Fair- maire or subsequently by their authors, together with Mr. Hope’s two Z'mesidere are, I think, 42 in number. Of these, I think, I can definitely state that two are synonyms,—viz., Z. eneiventris, Redt. =tricolor, Le Guillou and Z. ventralis, Fairm. = rostrata, Blessig. The former of these instances of synonym is asserted, and the latter suspected, by Fairmaire. Of the remaining 40 names the following four are attached to descriptions in which not a single valuable character is mentioned (apart from colour, and this is too variable in at least many species of Zonitis to be of value when standing alone, at any rate when the colours are not very unusual), viz. annulata, Macl.; apicalis, Macl. ;. fuscicornis, Macl.; rubricollis, Hope. The following eleven names represent species, the descriptions of which are more detailed than those of the four just mentioned, but, which for the reasons assigned below, I have been unable to place in a tabu- lation. They are as follows :— Z. pallida, Macl. Probably near Cowleyi, Blackb. (described below). The description states that the under-surface is black, and does not mention the palpi as being particularly long, or the eyes as being approximate above, two remarkable characters that the author could hardly have failed to notice. Moreover, the elytra are said to have three obsolete longitudinal lines, so I presume it is distinct from Cowleyr. The absence of information concerning the structure of the antenne excludes this species from my tabulation. Z. cylindracea, Fairm. Some remarks on this species will be- found below under the heading of 7. yorkensis. The ambiguity 62 of the description of the antennal structure prevents my assign- ing this insect a place in my tabulation. Z. flaviceps, Waterh. This is evidently a very distinct species, described as having strongly punctured black elytra narrowly flavo-piceous at the base and sides. The absence of information concerning its antennze obliges me to omit it from my tabulation. Z. limbipennas, Fairm. As noted below, the head of this insect is described as flavo-testaceous, and a note following the description states that it is easily recognisable by its black head. It is from the same locality (Swan R.) as flaviceps, and if its head is flavo-testaceous, is similarly coloured, but seems to have closer and finer elytral puncturation. Z. flavicrus, Fairm. The antenne of this species are not des- cribed. It appears to be near rugosipennis, Fairm., but to have the fovee of its prothorax different, and a slight difference in colour. I suspect it of being a variety,—rugosipennis being, according to its author, variable in colouring ; indeed, a note states that flavicrus differs from rugosipennis by its testaceous femora, and yet both species are grouped as having red femora. Z. rugata, Fairm. The description of the antennz is too vague to be used in tabulation. As the type is stated to be immature, it is difficult to form any clear conception of its characters. Z. semirufa, Fairm. J have not included this species in my tabulation because I cannot find any character whereby to dis- tinguish it from rostrata, Blessig., except in the colour and the prothoracic fovez (which do not seem to me reliable). Z. indagacea, Fairm. The description gives the second joint of the antenne longer than the third, while an appended note distinguishes it from nzgro-enea, Fairm., by the second joint being “notably shorter than the third.” Z. janthinipennis, Fairm. Not described ; merely briefly com- pared with zndagacea, without any reference to the comparative length of the antennal joints. Z. nigro-enea, Fairm. The description does not mention the comparative length of the second and third antennal joints. If the second joint is considerably shorter than the third it is probably identical with violaceipennis, Waterh., of which I have examples, In that case Mr. Waterhouse’s name becomes a synonyni. Z. (TI'mesidera) violacea, Hope. The structure of the antenn is not described. Evidently very near to violaceipennis, Waterh., but differently coloured in respect of the under-surface and legs. If it is a mere variety of the latter, the name has priority. After eliminating the above there remain 25 names as repre- senting the species that up to this time have been described in a fashion that will allow of their being confidently identified and their characters arranged in a tabular form. I now add seven —. 2. 63 ‘new names, including a new name that I propose for an insect previously described as a “‘ var. (?)”—and furnish a tabulation -of the characters of the 32 species thus regarded as recognisable members of the genus. As it seems undesirable to altogether leave out the 15 species that are not satisfactorily described, I have drawn up a supplementary tabulation of them founded upon such characters as their authors have mentioned, which will, perhaps, assist in their identification. I have been unable in the ease of one of them [Z. (7Tmesidera) rubricollis, Hope], however, to place it even in the supplementary tabulation owing to there being no precise description of either the structure of its antennze -or the sculpture of its elytra. A. Joint 2 of antennz not notably shorter than 3 (see note in the descrip- tion of Z. Cowleyi, Blackb.). B. Elytra not of uniform metallic colouring. C. Head not black. D. Base (at least) of elytra testaceous. E. Legs unicolorous, or nearly so. F. Scutellum black. G. Elytra black at apex... GG. Elytra entirely testaceous FF. Scutellum testaceous. G. Head of short triangular form... GG. Head more elongate. H. Eyes almost contiguous... HH. Eyes eae distant from each other EE. Legs not unicolorous. F. Ely tra with black markings. G. Elytra very closely punctulate GG. Elytra sparsely punctulate ... FF. Elytra devoid of black markings. G. Elytra much less closely punc- tured near base than behind GG. Elytra uniformly punctured. H. Prothorax rather closely punctured (size about 5 1.) HH. Prothorax thinly pepo (size about 24 1.) Pm DD. Base of elytra black : CC. Head black. D. Prothorax and scutellum black DD. Prothorax and scutellum ochraceous yellow BB. Elytra uniformly metallic in color. C. Head comparatively short. D. Prothorax black DD. Prothorax testaceous or rufo-tes- taceous CC. Head extremely elongate - AA. Joint 2 of antennz notably shorter than 3. B. Puncturation of elytra not coarsely ver- miculate-rugulose. C. Interval between the eyes at least as great as length of basal joint of antenne. Andersoni, Blackb. dichroa, Germ. tenwicornis, Fairm. Cowleyi, Blackb. lutea, Macl. negro apicata, Fairm. nigroplagiata, Fairm. tricolor, Le Guill. pallicolor, Fairm. obscuripes, Fairm. bizonata, Macl. opacorufa, Fairm. seminigra, Fairm. splendida, Fairm. brevicornis, Blackb. gloriosa, Blackb. 64 D. Elytra extremely closely (about as closely as in Z. tricolor) sculptured. E. Antenne not conspicuously more slender thaa in the generality of Zonites. F. Eyes transverse or nearly so. G. Prothorax nitid GG. Prothorax opaque, owing to close rugulosity . FF. Eyes very oblique tudinal). G. Prothorax closely and somewhat strongly punctulate..., GG. Prothorax very finely and very sparsely punctulate ; EK. Antenne extremely slender DD. Elytra very much less_ closely punctulate. E. Surface of head with a large concave area reaching hindward behind the level of the back of the eyes. F. Eyes very large. (Head black)... FF. Eyes small, like those of Z. tricolor. (Head rufo-testace- (sublongi- ous) et es 45 EE. Surface of head not having a large concave area. F. Maxillary palpi very long (as long as the basal 3-joints of the an- tenne together) F. Maxillary palpi normal CC. Interval between the eyes less than length of basal joint of antennz BB. Puncturation of elytra coarsely vermicu- late rugulose. C. Head closely rugulose. D. Prothorax moderately narrow in front (not narrower than in cyanipennis, Waterh.) a DD. Prothorax extremely narrow in front (less than half as wide as the base of the head) ... CC. Head thinly and feebly punctulate, not at all rugulose. D. Prothorax red ies DD. Prothorax black or metallic. FE. The underside black. F, The median channel of prothorax continuously well-defined to base FF. The medianchannel of prothorax well defined only for a short distance in middle of the seg- ment EE. The underside brilliantly metallic Murrayi, Blackb. subrugata, Blackb. rustica, Blackb. | cyanipennis, Waterh. Helmsi, Blackb. queenslandica, Blackb. bipartita, Fairm. longipalpis, Blackb. yorkensis, Blackb. Carpentarie, Blackb. rugosipennis, Fairm. aspericeps, Blackb. rostrata, Blessig. violacetpennis, Waterh. Sedillott, Fairm. purpureipennis, Waterh.. Supplementary tabulation of Zonites that for want of infor- mation on the antennal characters could not be included in the preceding tabulation. 65 A. Elytra not coarsely rugulose. Bb. Elytra entirely or for most part testaceous or rufo-testaceous. C. Head testaceous., D. Legs not black. E. Elytra closely punctulate. F. Elytra unicolorous . fuscicornis, Macl. FF. Elytra brown about base and apex annulata, Macl. EE. Elytra thinly 2 sami .» @picalis, Macl. DD. Legs black o ie ... pallida, Macl. CU. Head black . Ps : .. cylindracea, Fairm. BB. Elytra black, ‘narrowly bordered with testaceous. C. Elytra strongly punctulate A ... jflaviceps, Waterh. CC. Elytra very finely punctulate ... limbipennis, Fairm. AA. Elytra coarsely rugulose. B. Prothorax testaceous or rufo-testaceous. C. Under-surface black. D. Prothorax strongly canaliculate .. flavicrus, Fairm. DD. Prothorax feebly and inverruptedly canaliculate , rugata, Fairm. CC. Under-surface rufo- testaceous, .. semtrufa, Fairm. BB. Prothorax black. C. Under-surface black. D. Prothorax 3-foveolate on each side ... indagacea, Fairm. DD. Prothorax with less than 3 fovez on each side. KE. Prothorax strongly canaliculate ... sgro-wnea, Fairm. EE. Prothorax very feebly canaliculate fanthinipennis, Fairm. CC. Under-surface red... a ... vtolacea, Hope. Z. Cowleyi, sp. nov. Testacea, antennis palpis pedibusque (femoribus ad basin exceptis) infuscatis; minus nitida ; capite valde elongato antice anguste rostriformi (labro quam latiori multo longiori), sparsius subfortiter punctulato, inter oculos longitudinaliter canaliculato; palpis maxillaribus valde elongatis (quam antennarum articuli basales 3 con- juncti vix brevioribus), articulo apicali gracili apicem versus paruim incrassato ; antennis exempli typici fractis, articulo 2° quam 1" vix breviori ; oculis permagnis, supra et subtus subcontiguis; prothorace quam (ad basin) latiori parum longiori, a basi ad apicem arcuatim angustato supra sat zequali, fere ut caput punctulato sed paullo magis crebre ; elytris breviter pubescentibus confertim subtiliter punctula- tis, lineis elevatis haud instructis. Long., 61 1.; lat., 121. The head of this species is so peculiar as to suggest a question whether it might not be regarded as generically distinct from Zonitis, but most of the characters seem to be only exaggerations of what is to be found in other species of the genus. The head is not much longer (though it is narrower and more rostriform in front) than that of Z. rostrata, Blessig. The eyes are much larger than in any other Zonitis that I have seen, and the maxillary palpi much longer than in any other except longipalpis E 66 (described below). I cannot find any other character at all suggestive of generic difference from Zonitis, of which it has completely the facies. It should be noted that only two joints of an antenna remain in the unique type, so that [ am not absolutely certain of the second joint being not much shorter than the third, but as the second joint is scarcely shorter than the basal one there is no likelihood of its being much shorter than the third. Tropical Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley. Z. subrugata, sp. nov. Sat brevis; minus angusta; obscure rufa, elytris obscure viridibus submetallicis, capite tibiis tarsisque picescentibus; minus nitida; capite modice elongato, antice minus angustato (labro leviter transverso, antice truncato), dupliciter (subtiliter et rugulose sat grosse) confertim punctulato ; antennarum articulo 2° quam 3"* tertia parte breviori; oculis modicis sat transversis ; prothorace quam latiori parum longiori, antice sat angustato, ut caput punctulato, pone medium longitudinaliter breviter canaliculato, sat inequali (ante medium bifoveolato), later- ibus pone medium sat parallelis ante medium antrorsum arcuatim convergentibus, angulis anticis nullis; elytris con- fertim nec grosse rugulosis, lineis elevatis nullo modo perspicuis. Long., 51.; lat., 21. ‘The head and prothorax ace subopaque owing to the presence .of close fine puncturation, among which is thinly intermingled a number of feebly impressed somewhat coarse punctures. The elytral puncturation is not unlike that of Z. tricolor, but is very evidently less fine and more asperate. This species in many respects corresponds with the description of Z. rugata, Fairm. (of which its author says he has seen only examples probably immature), but I do not think it can be that species, as its elytra are described as “ rugose-vermiculate with the interstices sparsely punctulate,” which does not at all fit the present insect, which also differs from the description in having the under- surface (not black but) red, an improbable variation if the type was immature ; also in the elytra not being acuminate behind, the prothorax having two very well defined round fovee in front of the middle, &e. Australia ; exact locality uncertain, but probably S.A. 4 queenslandica, sp. nov. Anguste subcylindrica; testacea, capite palpis antennis pedibusque (coxis femorumque basi anticis exceptis) nigro-piceis, corpore subtus maculatim infuscato, elytris apicem versus externe piceis; sat nitida ; capite sat elongato (labro transverso antice subtruncato), antice (ut 7. bipartite, Fairm.) leviter concavo (area concava 67 postice rotundata bene definita) ; antennarum articulo 2° brevissimo ; oculis magnis subtransversis ; prothorace quam latiori paullo longiori, antice modice angustato, supra sat zequali, sparsim subtiliter punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita ; elytris subcrebre minus subtiliter punctulatis, lineis non- nullis subelevatis vix manifeste instructis. Long., 6 1; lat., 121. The most elongate and cylindric species known to me of the genus. Its form seems to forbid any possibility of identity with Z. apicalis, Macl., which is described as having elytra ‘“sub- depressed, broad, and broadest at the apex,” but seems to bear a considerable resemblance to this insect in colouring, though differing by its testaceous head. This insect also resembles Z. bipartita, Fairm., but differs from it inter alia by its black head, third joint of antenne much longer in proportion to the second, even surface of prothorax, much closer and distinct puncturation of elytra, much longer and narrower form, and the better defined concave area on the head, which has its hind margin much more sharply defined. Queensland. Z. longipalpis, sp. nov. Minus elongata, minus angusta ; nigro picea, mandibulis prothorace elytris tarsorum posticorum basi summa et unguiculis flavis ; sat nitida; capite fortiter elongato antice angustato (labro quam latiori longiori), sparsim punctulato, antice minus sparsim; antennarum articulo 3° quam 2"* tertia parte longiori ; oculis sat magnis sat transversis, supra interspatio lato separatis, palpis maxillaribus valde elongatis (quam antennarum articuli basales 3 conjuncti sublongioribus); prothorace quam latiori paullo longiori, antice sat fortiter angustato, sparsis- sime punctulato, foveolis antice 2 postice 1 impressis, haud canaliculato, lateribus a medio antrorsum fortiter sinuatim (retrorsum leviter sat recte) convergentibus, angulis anticis distinctis ; elytris leviter sparsius indeterminate punctulatis vix subrugulosis, lineis subelevatis 3 manifeste instructis. Long., 51.; lat., 12 1. This species may be distinguished from the other Australian Zonites known to me, except 7. Cowleyi, Blackb., by the great length of its maxillary palpi. From Z. Cowleyi it differs widely by inter alia the very much shorter second joint of its antenne, and the very much less defined sculpture of its elytra. The number and arrangement of the impressions on its prothorax are peculiar, but I do not feel confident that these present very reliable specific distinctions in the Zonites. S. Australia (Hawker district). In the S.A. Museum. 68 Z. yorkensis, sp. nov. Hlongata, subcylindrica ; nigra, elytris et (nonnullorum exemplorum) prothorace aliqua ex parte rufis ; sat nitida; capite sat elongato, antice minus angustato (labro transverso), antice sparsim vix subtiliter (postice sparsissime) punctulato, vertice manifeste canaliculato ; antennarum articulo 3° quam 2™ circiter duplo longiori; oculis modicis quam Z. tricoloris magis oblique positis ; prothorace quam latiori paullo longiori, antice minus angustato, sparsissime punctulato, pone medium longi- tudinaliter breviter canaliculato, utrinque foveolis nonnullis plus minusve fortiter impresso, lateribus pone medium sat parallelis ante medium antrorsum arcuatim convergentibus, angulis anticis nullis; elytris sparsius ieviter minus sub- tiliter punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 vel 4 vix perspicue instructis. Long., 51.; lat., 141. A narrow cylindric species near cylindracea, Fairm., but I think it can hardly be that species, chiefly because the latter is described as having antenne, the second joint of which is “ distincte ” shorter than the third, whereas in this species it is not more than half the length of the third (in other species with a second joint as short M. Fairemaire uses the term ‘ multo brevior”) - because the prothorax is said to be non canaliculate ; because the elytra are described as having three somewhat elevated lines, the intervals between which are ‘sat fortiter punctata ” and “ tenuiter rugosula,” with which the elytra of this insect by no means correspond ; and because the head is said to be “sat dense punctatum,” and impressed in an oblong form between the antennz, while in 7. yorkensis the head is sparsely (though not very finely) punctulate (very much more sparsely than in opaco-rufa, Fairm., with which its author compares cylindracea without mentioning a difference in the puncturation of the head), and has nothing of the nature of an oblong im- pression occupying the space between the bases of the antennz ; but that space is somewhat vaguely uneven in its middle part, with a short furrow on either side close to the base of the antenne. It may be added, moreover, that Z. cylindracea is said to be from Richmond R. district, N.S.W., a region certainly having very few species in common with the locality of Z. yorkensis. S.A. (Yorke’s Peninsula). Z. Carpentaria, sp. nov. Angusta, cylindrica; testacea, palpis labro mandibulis ad apicem antennis tibiis tarsis et (basi excepta) elytris nigro-piceis ; sat nitida; capite valde elongato sparsim subtilius punctulato, lateribus ante oculos sat parallelis (labro leviter transverso) ; antennarum articulo 3° quam 2" duplo longiori ; oculis sat magnis sat transversis 69 (inter hos interspatio supra quam antennaruim articuli basalis longitudo haud latiori); prothorace quam latiori ut 13 ad 1 longiori, antice valde angustato, subtilissime (vix perspicue) punctulato, subtiliter canaliculato, utrinque pone medium fovea leviter impresso, lateribus pone medium sat parallelis ante medium sat fortiter sinuatis, angulis anticis (superne visis) obtusis ; elytris subtilissime crebre ruguloso- punctulatis, lineis subelevatis vix perspicuis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 121. A very distinct species, most readily recognisable perhaps by the space between the eyes on the upper surface (at any rate in one sex—probably in both sexes) being scarcely as wide as the length of the basal joint of the antenne. This results from the narrowness of the head rather than the eyes being particularly large. The prothorax, also, is unusually narrow and elongate. Tropical Queensland ; given to me by Mr. Koebele. Z. aspericeps, sp. nov. I propose this name for a Zonitis which I described (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., XIT., p. 141) as “var (1) A” of nigro-enea, Fairm. It is quite distinct from nigro-enea by inter alia the rugulose and much closer puncturation of its head. PALASSTRA. In the only two species (of this genus) of which I know both sexes, the male is very much smaller than the female, and has much longer antenne, their joints only slightly dilated. Seven names have been applied to members of this genus, but three of them seem to be certainly synonyms, partly through the non- recognition of the fact that the difference in the length and dilatation of the antenne is sexual. The names, I think, should -stand as follows :— 1. rufipennis, Cast. rufipennis (Tmesidera), Westw. quadrifoveata, Fairm. (Mas.). eucera, Fairm. assimilis (Tmesidera), Hope. platycera, Fairm. 4. rufocincta, Fairm. wo be GOETYMES. G. pictipes, sp. nov. Niger, labro antennis (harum laminis apicem versus obscuris) tibiis tarsisque flavis, elytris (apice nigro excepto) pallide brunneis ; setulis brevibus erectis in capite prothorace que crebre vestitus; capite crebre sub- fortiter punctulato; prothorace transverso, canaliculato, subineequali, subtiliter sat crebre punctulato, antice abrupte angustato, Jateribus rectis, basi lobato; scutello elongato eanaliculato ; elytris costatis, fere ut prothorax punctulatis. Long., 54 1.—61. 70 IT have seen only two specimens of this insect, and I take them to be males. The antenne are structurally quite as Mr. Pascoe describes those of G. flavicornis. The present species inter alia differs so entirely in colour from the earlier one, and is so much smaller (only about half the size) that there can be no fear of confusing them. Victoria ; on the sea beach near Melbourne (Mr. French). GDEMERIDA. I have recently been overhauling the Hdemeride in the South Australian Museum and in my own collection, and find many undescribed species. There is great difficulty in apportioning them generically, as considerable confusion seems to exist re- garding the names of some of the genera, and much. a'teration has taken place during recent years. For example, in Cist Ent. IT., p. 228, Mr. Waterhouse described two Tasmanian species under the generic name Sessinra; in Trans. Ent. Soc., 1895, Mr. Champion placed them in Asclera; in the Catalogue of (Hdemeride, recently published by the same author (Ann. Soc. Ent., Belg., XLIIT., pp. 55 and 56) they appear under the name Ischnomera, Asclera being dropped. The type of Jschnomera is stated by Lacordaire to be J. melanura, Linn., but as that species is far, indeed, generically from the Tasmanian species mentioned above it is to be supposed that Mr. Champion has discovered melanura not to be the real type of Ischnomera. Mr. Champion’s Catalogue of M@demeride including only recently described species, it is of course impossible to ascertain from it to what genus he regards melanura as really belonging, but it is probable that he would place it in Nacerdes, in which Lacordaire placed it (treating Ischnomera as a synonym of Nacerdes, which Mr. Champion, no doubt, has found to have been error). Scarcely any of the Australian @demeride are now referred to the genera in which they stand in Mr. Masters’ Catalogue. Selenopalpus appears to rest upon Sir W. Macleay’s very hesitat- ing reference to it of his §. (?) fuscuws and §. Mastersi ; the other species (cyaneus, Fab.) having been called Gidemera by its author (it has been called also Lagria and Dryops.) I should say that Sir W. Macleay’s species are perhaps not (demeride, as their author, in his description, says “‘ neck large,” and the description of the prothorax of fuscus does not read like that of a member of the family. Why he refers the species to Selenopalpus it is difficult to discover, as he says ‘‘they do not answer exactly to the description given of the maxillary palpi of Selenopalpus, and as far as I can ascertain no other characters have been given for that genus.” Fabricius’ species is certainly, I think, not re- cognisable unless the type could be examined, especially as Olivier’s later description does not agree with that of Fabricius. 71 dnanca (to which most of the remaining described (demeride have been attributed) is now stated by Mr. Champion to be an insutliciently characterised genus, most of the species of which belong to Copidita or Oxacis. Sessinia (accidently omitted from Masters’ Catalogue) is dismissed on the same grounds as Ananca and its Australian species, as noted above, are referred to Ischnomera. Ischnomera mansueta, Newm. (the only one of the genus enumerated in Master’s Cat.) is from its description evidently not congeneric with the species now placed in Ischnomera. Of the Australian genera added since Mr. Masters’ Cat. was published, Jthaca is stated to be identical with Dohrnia; Trichananca—as stated below, is perhaps not an (Hdemerid, and Pseudananca was described as an extremely anomalous form whose place in the (Kdemeride is doubtful. This leaves only Pseudolycus and Dohrnia of Masters’ Cat. unchanged, and there have since been added (most of them including species enumerated under other names by Mr. Masters) Copidita, Ischnomera, and Techmessa. As the insect which Lacordaire calls Macerdes melanura, Linn., occurs in Australia (imported, no doubt) and is certainly not a member of any of the genera I have mentioned above as now admitted to be Australian, V. acerdes must be added. Unfortunately, I do not find that the Australian (Kdemeride before me can be satisfactorily placed in so small a number of genera as the six above enumerated. I have tried to apportion the specimens generically by means of Mr. Horn’s paper on the (Gdemeride of N. America (in Proc. Calif. Acad. of Sci., 1896) but I find in it such serious discrepancies in the treatment of genera. with Mr. Champion’s views that it does not seem safe to follow him. For example, he says that almost the only difference between Copidita and Asclera consists in the claws of the former being simple while those of the latter are toothed, and intimates that he considers it « scarcely sufficient distinction for treating them as two genera. But in this he differs from Lacordaire, who makes the claws of Asclera simple. In examples of the European A. cerulea, Linn., in my collection the claws are not absolutely simple (as they are in e.g. Copidita 4-maculata, Motsch , of which I have specimens before me), but “ toothed” certainly seems to- me scarcely the term to describe their structure; I should call them ‘‘appeudiculate.” Mr. Champion, however ((oc. cit.) places. in Asclera species (e.g. sublineata, Waterh.) which have simple claws, and distinguishes the genus from Copidita by its finely granulated eyes. In the face of all these difficulties it would evidently be un- desirable for me, at present, to found new genera for the Aus- tralian (Hdemeride that do not satisfactorily fit into the six 72 genera enumerated above, and it would be misleading to refer them without qualification to those genera. I therefore adopt the expedient of furnishing the following table, which will enable the student to determine with ease the genus to which I should refer any specimen that might be under observation, and at the same time will indicate which of the species I describe are not typical representatives of the genera in which I place them. The species of this non-typical description are for the most part allied to Copidita and Oxacis by their principal characters rather than to any other genera, and it is worthy of note that the characters dis- tinguishing them from Copidita and Oxacis are in most cases characters that Mr. Horn regards (oc. cit.) as not involving generic distinction from Copidita afd Oxacis although exceptional i in those genera. J may say however that I do not share this opinion with Mr. Horn, and that I am deterred from founding new genera on those characters only by the uncertainty that prevails (or at any rate has lately prevailed evenif Mr. Champion’s recent Catalogue can be regarded as final on the subject) as to what are the real types of some of the older genera. I should add that Pseudolycus apicalis, Macl. (of which I have an example compared with the type) is certainly not a member of any of the genera mentioned in the following table. I doubt its being an Wdemerid, judging from such examination as is practicable without damaging my unique example, and incline to think it a Pyrochroid. U may remark in passing that M. Lacor- daire’s diagnosis of the Pyrochroide differs very little from that of the @demer ‘ide, the principal distinctions he gives being that the former has mandibles scarcely passing the apex of the labrum, the head narrowed behind into a neck, antenne pectinated or flabellated ; while in the latter the mandibles are longer, the . antenne simple or with some compressed joints, and the head gradually narrowed behind. Pseudolycus apicalis has mandibles reaching considerably beyond the labrum, the head with cer- tainly a little more of a neck than Pseudolycus, and the antenne strongly serrate. Comparing examples of Pyrochroide and Gdemeride in my own collection I find that the Gdemerde have (at least) the apical joint of their tarsi spongiose beneath and their prothorax more or less cordiform (or at least tending towards that shape), neither of which characters can I find in any Pyrochroid known to me. LP. apicalis, Macl., presents neither of these latter characters. In the following table I have included this species and the two doubtful Qdemer id genera, and place their names in italics to indicate the uncertainty of their position. 73 A. Antenne filiform, more or less slender, and decidedly elongate. B. Mandibles bifid at apex. C. Two spines at apex of front tibiz. D. Eyes coarsely granulate. E. Claws simple. F. Apical joint of maxillary palpi about twice as long as penul- timate. G. Antenne inserted close to the eyes GG. Antennze inserted not close to the eyes.. 5 FF, Apical joint of maxillary paipi scarcely longer than penulti- mate EE. Claws strongly, toothed beneath (sub-bifid) DD. Eyes finely granulate. E. Head short, eyes somewhat round EE. Head more hen eyes more oblong ; CC. Only one spine at apex of front tibice BB. Mandibles simple at apex (eyes coarsely granulate, claws simple, front tibiz bi-spinose). C. Head short .. CC. Head considerably 1 more elongate. D. Eyes gently transverse’... DD. Eyes strongly longitudinal AA. Antenne more robust and considerably shorter. B. Eyes coarsely granulate BB. Eyes finely granulate AAA. Antenne with intermediate joints more or less compressed in contrast with the others - Mee AAAA. Antenne serrate. B. Size moderate (about 4 1.) ts BB. Size very small (less than 2 1. ) COPIDITA (typical). Angusta, valde elongata ; testacea, capite C. baldiensis, sp. nov. > Copidita (typical). Copidita (Sub-section I). Copidita (Sub-section LI). Copidita (Sub-section III). (Schmidt). Ischnomera (Asclera, Dohrnia. Nacerdes. Oxacis (? typical). Oxacis (Sub-section I). Oxacis (Sub-section II). Trichananca. Techmessa. Pseudolyeus. [ Macl. (Pseudolycus) apicalis, Pseudananca. prothoracis macula utrinque posita et abdominis segmentis posticis 3 nigris, elytris nigro-cyaneis, antennis (harum articulis ultimis 4 apicem versus testaceis) palpis maxillari- bus pedibusque (femoribus, apicibus exceptis, testaceis) piceis; capite parum elongato, minus crebre minus sub- tiliter punctulato; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi ; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis ; antennis gracilibus, articulo ultimo appendiculato; oculis magnis sat fortiter granulatis ; prothorace pernitido, sparsim sub- tiliter punctulato, cordiformi, inzquali (antice canaliculato et utrinque foveolato, postice fovea magna mediana im- presso, partibus nigris subtuberculiformibus), quam latiori paullo Jongiori ; scutello crebre subtiliter punctulato ; elytris 74 pube brevi minus dense vestitis, crebre subtiliter punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 obsolete instructis. Long., 44—6 1.;. lat., 1—1}1. A very slender and elongate species, not very close to any other known to me. Resembling in form and structure C. nigronotata, Bohem.; its colours and markings are more like: those of australis, Boisd. (though differing considerably in the black head, yellow scutellum, yellow sterna, piceous tibize and tarsi, d&c.). Victoria ; Australian Alps (near the summit of Mount Baldi). C’. Kershawi, sp. nov. Sat angusta, sat elongata; testacea, antennarum articulis (ultimo excepto) in parte majori apicali nigris, prothorace (parte basali—in medio antrorsum pro- ducta,—excepta) elytris (sutura,—hac fere ad medium late et prope apicem ut fascia lata margines laterales attingenti dilatata—excepta) genubusque nigris, tibiis (plus minusve) et tarsis (articulis apicalibus 2 exceptis) piceis; capite sat elongato, subtilius vix crebre punctulato, in parte postica longitudinaliter canaliculato ; palporum maxillarium articulo. apicali elongato-cultriformi ; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis ;. antennis sat gracilibus, articulo ultimo appendiculato ;. oculis magnis sat fortiter granulatis; prothorace pernitido, subtilius sparsius punctulato, subcordiformi, inzquali (postice in medio canaliculato et impresso, antice utrinque fovea lata leviter impresso), quam latiori vix longiori ;. scutello crebre punctulato; elytris pube brevi sat dense vestitis, confertim sat subtiliter subaspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 minus perspicue instructis. Long., 44 1.; fat, 121: The colours and markings of this species are very different from those of the other described Australian Copidite. The conspicuous yellow and black variegation of its antennz is very noticeable. It is, perhaps, nearest structurally to the preceding (CO. baldiensis), but differs inter alia by its head strongly canalicu- late in the hinder part, its shorter and wider prothorax, the more: crowded and asperate puncturation of its elytra, cc. Victoria ; taken by Mr. Kershaw. C. Sloanei, sp. nov. Angusta, sat elongata; supra kreviter pubescens; testacea, capite palpis antennis abdominis segmen- tis 3° 4° que pedibusque (femorum basi et tarsorum articulis apicalibus 2 exceptis) piceis vel nigris, elytris piceis vel nigris plus minusve cyanescentibus et testaceo-notatis (scil. macula communi mediana quadrata, et apice summo) ; capite sat elongato crebrius subtilius punctulato ; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi ; mandi- (5) bulis ad apicem bifidis; antennis gracilibus, articulo ultimo appendiculato ; oculis magnis, fortiter granulatis ; prothor- ace sparsim subtiliter punctulato, cordiformi, inzquali (postice in medio, antice utrinque, late leviter impresso), quam latiori paullo longiori ; scutello crebre punctulato ; elytris confertim sat subtiliter subaspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 minus perspicue instructis. Long. 4 1. ; lat., 11. Resembles the preceding (C. Kershaw) in style of colouring though differing much in detail (e.g., in its unicolorous antenne), but widely distinct in colour and markings from all the other described species. Structurally it differs from C. Kershawi, inter alia, by its much longer and narrower prothorax, and its non- canaliculate head. Australia ; taken by Mr. Sloane (probably in N.S. W.). C. (2) (Bdemera) bivittata, Boisd. The brief description of this species reads very much as if it might have been founded on the insect that Mr. Champion has since described as C’. bipartita, but the question of identity could only be decided by an examination of Boisduval’s insect, so for the present it is best to disregard his name. C. languida, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus gracilis ; breviter pubescens (prothorace glabro excepto) ; testacea, palporum antennarumque articulis singulis (horum ultimis 4 exceptis) prothoracis utrinque macula lunata, elytris [macula basali parva et vitta communi suturali (hac antice et postice abbreviata, ante et pone medium fasciatim dilatata,—fasciis margines laterales haud attingentibus sed ad apicem ramos longitudinales emittentibus) exceptis] tibiis tarsis abdomine- que (his maculatim) et genubus piceis vel nigro piceis ;. capite modice elongato, confertim subtiliter punctulato ; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi ; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis; antennis sat gracilibus, articulo ultimo in medio valde constricto (subdeformi) ; oculis magnis sat grosse sed leviter granulatis ; prothorace pernitido, sparsim subtiliter punctulato, cordiformi, inzequali (postice in medio, antice utrinque, late profunde impresso), quam latiori paullo longiori; scutello crebre subtiliter punc- tulato; elytris confertim subtiliter punctulatis, lineis sub- elevatis 3 perspicue instructis. Long., 61.; lat., 121. Resembles C. Sloanei somewhat in the style of its colours and markings, though differing considerably in detail. It is consider- ably larger than that species, with its elytral puncturation very evidently finer, less asperate, the raised lines on its elytra much more defined, its prothorax more strongly cordiform with the inequalities of the surface much deeper, the variegation of 76 colours on its antennze much less defined, &c., &e. It differs from all its congeners known to me by the very strong median constriction of the apical joint of its antenne, and by the feebler, though scarcely less coarse, granulation of its eyes. Queensland (In the 8.A. Museum). coPIpITA (Sub-section I.), C. hilaris, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus angusta; nigra, antennis basin versus subtus (articulis ultimis exempli typici carentibus) prothorace (hoc utrinque apicem versus nigro - gibboso) elytrisque rufis; capite parum elongato, nitido, subtiliter minus crebre punctulato; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi; mandi- ‘bulis ad apicem bifidis ; antennis gracilibus, articulo apicali appendiculato, parte appendiculata dilutiori ; oculis magnis, sat fortiter granulatis ; prothorace nitido, fere levi, cordi- formi, ineequali (postice in medio, et antice utrinque, foveo- lato), quam Jongiori vix latiori, ad latera antice gibboso ; elytris pube sat densa vestitis, confertim subtiliter sub- aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 perspicue instructis. Long., 33 1.; lat., 14.1. An extremely distinct species, not resembling any other known “to me in its colouring. Its antenne inserted not close to the eyes are suggestive of Chrysanthia, of which genus it is, perhaps, a member, but I hesitate to place it there on account of its eyes being feebly emarginate, the second joint of its antenne very short, its general form not exceptionally slender, &c. Mr. Horn includes in Copidita species having the antenne inserted not close to the eyes, so I have good authority for placing the present species (at any rate provisionally) in that genus. Victoria ; sent to me by Mr. Kershaw. COPIDITA (Sub-section I1.). C. pulchra, sp. nov. Elongata, angusta; minus nitida; rufo- testacea, capite antennis palpis pedibus (femorum basi excepta) abdomineque nigro-piecis, elytris lete cyaneis ; capite sat brevi, crebrius subtilins punctulato ; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo subsecuriformi quam penultimus parum longiori ; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis ; antennis sat gracilibus ; oculis magnis, fortiter granulatis ; prothorace erebrius subfortiter punctulato, sat cordiformi, leviter ineequali (postice in medio, et antice utrinque, leviter impresso), quam latiori sat longiori ; elytris confertim sub- tilius aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 perspicue instructis. Long., 33 1.; lat., 14 1. (vix). ldad et A very pretty species, with the general appearance of a Dohrnia, but having eyes granulated like those of a typical Copidita. The short apical joint of its maxillary palpi seems to me inconsistent with a place in the latter genus. However, fo present convenience I follow Mr. Horn in treating that asa non-generic character. Victoria. copipira (Sub-section ITT.). C. dentipes, sp. nov. LElongata, sat angusta; minus nitida ;. rufo-testacea, capite antennis palpis tibiis tarsis (horum articulis apicalibus 2 exceptis) metasterno abdomineque piceis vel nigro-piceis, elytris obscure cyaneis ; capite sat brevi, subtilius minus crebre punctulato; palporum maxil- larium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis ; antennis sat gracilibus ; oculis magnis, grosse granulatis ; prothorace crebrius subtilius punctulato, cordi- formi, vix inequali, quam latiori vix longiori; elytris con- fertim vix aspere subtilius punctulatis, lineis elevatis vix perspicue instructis; unguiculis subtus apicem versus dentatis (sub-bifidis). Long., 34.1; lat., 141. Very like the preceding (C. pulchra) in colour and general appearance, but, inter alia, easily distinguishable by its strongly dentate claws, which Mr. Horn would regard as removing it from Copidita. Its very strongly granulated eyes are inconsistent with Jschnomera (Asclera). No doubt it will eventually form a new genus. Australia (exact locality uncertain). DOHRNIA. This genus was founded upon a species having extraordinary antennal sexual characters. The eminent specialist on the Heteromera, Mr. Champion (Tr. E.8., Lond., 1895, p. 246)states that those sexual characters are not generic, and describes a species from Tasmania in which they are wanting. I find that I have an undescribed species in my collection which may be referred to Dohrnia. D. (Ananea ?) Boisduvali, Blackb. This species, referred by me to Ananca doubtfully (I regarded its simple antennez as re- moving it from Dohrnia) is closely allied to D. simplex, Champ., which I have collected in various localities in Tasmania. It differs from the latter inter alia by the colouring of its head and legs, and by its much smaller prothorax, the sides of which are much more strongly incurved behind the anterior tuberosity, making the segment very much narrower in the hinder part and the extremities of the base much more prominent, 78 D. eremita, sp. nov. (Fem.). Elongata; supra plumbeo-nigra, prothorace rufo-testaceo; subtus nigroviridis, prothorace coxis (anticis aliqua ex parte exceptis) femoribusque (parte apicali excepta) testaceis ; pube brevi subtus sparsim supra sat crebre vestita ; antennis sat elongatis, articulis singulis pube (basin versus cinerea, apicem versus nigra) vestitis, 3° quam 2"* vix tertia parte longiori, ultimo vix perspicue con- stricto; capite crebre subtilius punctulato, ante oculos modice elongato (quam D. simplicis, Champ., paullo magis lato minus elongato); oculis ut D. simplicis; prothorace cordato, antice transversim leviter impresso, crebre fortius subaspere punctulato; elytris ut D. simplicis, Champ. (crebre subtiliter punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 4 instructis). Long., 41.; lat., 14 1. Resembles D. simplex, Champ., but differs from it by, inter alia, the different colouring of its legs and under surface, the considerably greater length of its antenne, the evidently less prolongation of its head in front of the antenne, and the much closer and stronger puncturation of its-prothorax. Victoria ; Black Spur. NACERDES. NV. melanura, Linn. This now cosmopolitan species occurs in widely separated localities in Australia. The examples before me are from 8. Australia, N.S. Wales, and Victoria. OXAcIs (?) As I have not seen an example of any American species of Oxacis, there is a doubt as to whether, if compared with an American specimen, the Australian insects that I attribute to the genus might not require the provision of a new generic name. Nevertheless, there is no character mentioned in Mr. Horn’s diagnosis of the genus (unless it be ‘form slender,” which scarcely fits the species before me) inconsistent with its applying to at least the first two of the species enumerated below. The other species do not appear to be separable from those two if structural differences so great as Mr. Horn includes within the limits of Copzdita may be regarded as non-generic ; although I have little doubt that the aggregates, which I now call sub-sections of Oxacis, will sooner or later be treated as good genera. 0. (Hdemera) australis, Boisd. (7). Modice elongata, minus angustata ; breviter pubescens; cyaneo-plumbea, capite in medio palpis maxillaribus (apice summo excepto) mandibulis (nonnullorum exemplorum apice excepto) antennarum basi prothorace (macula magna utrinque posita excepta) coxis femoribus tibiisque rufo-testaceis ; capite sat brevi, crebre 79 minus subtiliter punctulato ; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo securiformi, quam precedens multo longiori ; mandi- bulis ad apicem simplicibus minus acutis; antennis modice robustis longioribus (maris multo, feminz parum) quam cor- poris dimidium, articulo 2° brevi, ultimo vix perspicue appen- diculato ; oculis modicis, sat transversis, modice (7.e., vix fortiter) granulatis ; prothorace subcordiformi, crebre sub- fortiter punctulato, ante medium transversim depresso, quam latiori paullo longiori ; elytris confertim subtiliter subaspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 vix perspicue instructis ; antennis ab oculis intervallo parvo separatis ; unguiculis inermibus. Long., 3—9) 1.; lat., 1—14 1. Boisduval’s description merely mentions the colours and the -~puncturation of the prothorax, but as they apply very satisfac- torily to the insect before me, I have thought it best: to re- describe it with Boisduval’s name,—wnhich appears in Master’s Cat. under Ancana. It agrees in all respects with Horn’s diagnosis of Oxacis except in its form being (for an @demerid) somewhat robust rather than slender. Champion calls the eyes of Oxacis “coarsely” granulate (Horn does not characterise the eyes), which they are not in the present species, though they can scarcely be called “finely” granulate ; their granulation is finer than in Copidita, and less fine than in Dohrnia (e.g., Simplea, Champ.). S. Australia ; not rare on flowers. O. (Ananca) Zietzi, Blackb. This species agrees like the preceding with the characters attributed by Mr. Horn to Oxacis (in one of them even better, the antenne being more slender) and agrees better with Mr. Champion’s additional character, its eyes being somewhat more strongly granulated ; nevertheless, it cannot, in my opinion, be rightly regarded as congeneric with the preceding, differing from it in respect of characters that are not mentioned by Horn or Champion, of which the principal seems to be as follows :—The apical joint of the maxillary palpi, while twice as long as the preceding joint, is much less strongly securi- form than the same joint in australis, Blackb. (? Boisd.); the tarsi are much more slender, and, owing to the penultimate joint being much smaller, the claw joint projects very much further beyond the penultimate ; owing to the long immersion in spirits of the insects of the Callabonna expedition, the exact structure of the under surface of the tarsal joints in this species is not easy to determine, but as far as I can see the antepenultimate, as well as the penultimate, joint is spongy-pubescent, and if I were sure of that character it would, no doubt, justify the creation of a new genus for O. (?) Zietzi. Its mandibles are (like those of australis) simple at the apex; though narrowed to the 80 apex, the actual termination {is obtuse, not (as it should be in Oxacis) acute, but if the expression be taken in a general sense as equal to “ pointed,” it would apply well enough. oxacis (7) (Sub-section [.). O. (2) inquisitor, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus angusta ; breviter pubescens; pallide testacea, mandibularum apice’ prothoracis linea longitudinali mediana elytris (margine angusta excepta) et abdomine plus minusve infuscatis ; capite elongato, minus crebre minus subtiliter punctulato ; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo leviter securiformi, quam precedens paullo longiori; mandibulis ad apicem simplicibus, vix acutis; antennis gravcilibus, articulo apicali vix perspicue appendiculato ; oculis magnis, leviter trans- versis sat fortiter granulatis ; prothorace subcordiformi ut caput punctulato, vix inequali, quam latiori vix longiori latitudine majori ad apicem sita; elytris confertim subtili- ter nec aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis vix perspicue instructis. Long., 441.; lat., 14.1. This species is unmistakable, by the characters cited in the preceding table. In colouring it evidently resembles Copidita bipartita, Champ., from which its simple mandibles, no doubt, readily separate it. In one specimen there is on the elytra a short streak of paler colour from the base on the middle of the dise in addition to the pale margin; in another example (an immature one, I think) the prothorax has several feeble impres- sions. N.W. Australia. O. (2) ornatipennis, sp. nov. HKlongata, angustata; pubescens ; piceo-nigra, labro mandibulis basin versus antennis palpis prothoracis vittis 2 elytrorum marginibus vittisque dis- coidalibus nonnullis et pedibus plus minusve_testaceis ; capite minus elongato, crebrius minus subtiliter punctulato ; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-securiformi, quam precedens duplo longiori; mandibulis ad apicem simplicibus subacutis ; antennis gracilibus, articulo ultimo. vix manifeste appendiculato; oculis magnis, transversis, fortiter granulatis; prothorace subcordiformi, ut caput 5 . 2 . . . . ; . punctulato, inzquali (utrinque longitudinaliter impresso), quam latiori parum longiori, latitudine majori paullo ante medium sita; elytris crebre subtilius punctulatis, lineis sub- elevatis vix perspicue instructis. Long., 4 1.; lat., 1 1. The testaceous lines on the elytra are one sutural, one mar- ginal, and one intermediate between the former two, all narrow, sharply defined, and apparently constant ; some examples have OE EE ee 81 faint indications of other lines in the intervals between the three well-defined lines. This species is quite unlike any other of the preceding species on account of its long narrow form as well as its style of colouring; its general appearance is distinctly suggestive of the Longicorn genus Syllitus. Its structural characters do not seem to differ much from those of the pre- ceding species (¢nqwisitor) except in its head being less elongate, and the apical joint of its maxillary palpi being longer in pro- portion to the second joint. Its prothorax is distinctly more elongate, and has its greatest width not very much in front of the middle. Compared with australis and Zietzi it has the head narrower (and consequently longer in proportion to the width) in front, and its eyes considerably more strongly granulate, with the apical joint of the maxillary palpi more strongly securiform than in Zetzi, and iess so than in australis. N.W. Australia. oxacis (Sub-section IT.). O. (2) caviceps, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus angustata ; pubescens ; testacea, capite (postice) mandibulis ad apicem prothorace (hoc inequaliter trivittatim) elytris (margine et notulis nonnullis longitudinalibus discoidalibus antemedianis exceptis) antennis tarsisque plus minusve infuscatis ; capite elongato longitudinaliter concavo, subtilius minus crebre punctulato; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo leviter securiformi, quam precedens paullo longiori ; mandibulis ad apicem simplicibus subacutis; antennis gracilibus, articulo apicali vix perspicue appendiculato; oculis permagnis, fortiter longitudinalibus (superne visis), fortiter granulatis ; prothorace subcordiformi, ut caput punctulato, vix inequali, quam latiori parum longiori, latitudine majori sat longe pone apicem sita ; elytris confertim subtiliter subaspere punctu- latis, lineis subelevatis vix perspicue instructis. Long., 44— 54 1. ; lat., 12—12 1. Evidently near imquisitor and much like it in colour and markings, the infuscate parts however being much darker in the present species, which moreover is decidedly more nitid. The difference in the shape of the eyes however is so great as to suggest more than specific separation, and I do not think that difference is sexual. The shape of the ventral seg- ments is uniform in all the specimens before me of both species (the apical segment being widely rounded at its apex), but there are specimens of either species with protruding genitalia obviously identical in sex. Other structural differences are to be found in the head of cawiceps being longitudinally concave and F 82 its prothorax at the widest considerably behind the middle, while the head of enquisitor is not longitudinally concave, and its prothorax is at the widest across the apex. N.W. Australia. O. (?) linearis, sp. nov. Elongata, angusta; pubescens; piceo- fusca, labro mandibulis basin versus clypeo (antice) anten- narum articulo basali (subtus) prothoracis vittis 2 elytrorum marginibus vittisque discoidalibus nonnullis et pedibus (his fusco-adumbratis) testaceis ; capite valde elongato, sparsius fortius inequaliter punctulato; palpis maxillaribus elongatis, articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi quam precedens sat longiori ; mandibulis ad apicem simplicibus minus acutis ; antennis gracilibus (exempli typici articulo ultimo carenti) ; oculis permagnis fortiter longitudinalibus (superne visis), fortiter granulatis; prothorace vix subcordiformi, fere ut caput sed paullo magis crebre punctulato, indeterminate ineequali (in medio longitudinaliter plus minusve subcarinato et latera versus subimpresso), quam latiori dimidio longiori, latitudine majori paullo ante medium sita; elytris crebre subtilius aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis haud instructis. Long., 3—441.; lat., —1,, I. This is a very interesting little insect, and combines resem- blance to one and another of the preceding five species in a dis- tinctly perplexing fashion. In shape, colour, and markings it is extremely like ornatipennis, but has, inter alia, the head very much more elongate, the maxillary palpi very much more elon- gate, the eyes quite differently shaped, the prothorax very much more elongate and differently shaped, and the elytral markings different in detail. In ornatipennis the well-defined apparently constant lines are three in number (including the suture and lateral margins) while in linearis there is an additional one similar to the other three, and placed a short distance from the lateral margin, and another (which, however, only reaches to about the middle of the elytra) placed at a short distance from the suture. The prothorax, to a casual glance, might appear as if it ought to be called subcylindric, but on careful inspection it is found to be of essentially similar form to those of its allies, the difference being only of degree, owing to the less develop- ment of the rotundity of outline in the front part of the sides. Its eyes are altogether like those of O. caviceps, from which, inter alia, it differs by the even longer and more rostriform front part of its head, its very differently shaped and proportioned prothorax, its very different markings, and much narrower build. W. Australia (Coolgardie, &c.). 83 TRICHANANCA,. A specimen sent to me by Mr. Lea as his Lemodes corticalis is certainly congeneric (I think it is conspecific, though somewhat ditferently coloured) with my 7. victoriensis. On careful con- sideration [ think that, in spite of much unlikeness in facies, it is really allied to Lemodes, though not generically identical. Apart from general facies, I tind inter alia that the apical joint of the maxillary palpi in ZLemodes is an equilateral triangle reversed (its apex in contact with the penultimate joint, its base forming the truncate apex of the palpus), while in 7’richananca the apical joint is an isosceles triangle connected with the penultimate joint by ashort stem protruding from the extremity of the base,— much as it is in Copidita; in Trichananca the eyes are very much larger and more coarsely granulate than in Lemodes ; in Trichananca the front tarsi have their basal two joints of equal length viewed from above, on the undersurface the basal joint is seen to be considerably the longer (the basal joint being strongly produced on one side, so as to resemble a bilobed joint with one of its lobes broken off), and the claw joint is very short (the part projecting beyond the fourth joint not being longer than the fourth joint itself), while in Lemodes the basal joint is simple, and twice as long as the second, the second third and fourth joints are equal inter se and the claw joint is as long as the preceding three together; in TZ'richananca the head is very short in front so that the interval between the base of the man- dibles and of the antenne is almost nil, while Lemodes has a distinct muzzle so that there is quite a long interval between the base of the antenne and of the mandibles ; in Lemodes the base of the head is almost straight and scarcely narrower than the head across the eyes, while in 7’richananca the width across the eyes is by far the greatest width of the head. Unquestionably, however, the structure of the sterna and coxe is sufficiently similar in the two genera to suggest the probability of their being allies, which is further indicated by the resemblance of the penul- timate two joints of the maxillary palpi in one and the other. It is possible, therefore, that I was in error in referring this insect to the Gdemerida, and that if Lemodes is rightly placed in the Pyrochroide (concerning which M. Lacordaire expresses his doubt) the present genus also should, perhaps, stand in that family. It should, however, be added that 7’. victoriensis bears much more superficial resemblance to the Tasmanian and New Zealand Techmessa than to Lemodes, except, perhaps, in its dis- tinetly cordiform prothorax and stouter legs ; though its coarsely granulated eyes and other characters forbid its being referred to that genus. I cannot agree with Mr. Lea’s remark that the head has a distinct neck. The relation between the head and prothorax is quite as in Vechmessa. 84 TECHMESSA. I have in my collection a Tasmanian specimen which seems to be decidedly congeneric with Mr. Champion’s 7’. ruficollis. Indeed, as I can find no discrepancy even as a species between it and Mr. Champion’s description, except in respect of colour, Iam obliged to regard it provisionally as a variety of that insect. It is entirely black, except the mouth organs and labrum the summit of the front coxe and the trochanters which are pitchy- testaceous. It even presents the same prothoracis peculiarity as Mr. Champion’s specimen (and which he mentions as abnormal) in that the prothorax is rounded on one side and subangularly dilated on the other. I consider it unquestionably allied rather closely as a genus to my Z'richananca from which, however, it is readily separated by good generic characters, especially the fine- ness of the granulation of its eyes, the considerably less-dilatation of the apical three joints of it maxillary palpi, and the greater slenderness of its front tarsi—and, indeed, of its legs altogether. PSEUDOLYCUS. The species of this genus are extremely variable in respect of colour and markings and unfortunately colour distinctions are almost the only ones that have been referred to in the descrip- tions. The number of names that have been applied to real or supposed members of Psewdolycus are, so far as I know, seven, and one of them (P. apicalis), as I have already stated, does not represent a true Pseudolycus. P.cinctus, Mr.Champion has shown (loc. cit.) to be a variety of hemorrhoidalis, Fab., and it seems to be hardly doubtful that atratus, Guer., is another variety of the same. LP. (Gdemera) luctwosa, Boisd., is described in seven words, which exactly agree with the brief description of P. atratus, Guer.; nevertheless, inasmuch as there is another species of which they might very well be a Boisduvallian description, and there is good reason to think that /wctwosa was not founded on a Tasmanian specimen, it seems desirable to claim Boisdu- val’s name for this latter species which, although very close to P. hemorrhoidalis, Fab. (=cinctus, Guer. =atratus, Guer.) is, I believe, really distinct from it. P. marginata, Guer., is the one species of the genus that may be identified with some confidence by the description of its author, and this identification is con- firmed by the specimens which agree with the description having been taken in the locality cited by Guerin, There remains P. hemoptera, Guer., and this its author only conjectures to be Aus- tralian. I have before me a Pseudolycus (in Victoria the most plentiful species of the genus) which agrees fairly well with Guérin’s description (differing most in being smaller than the size Guerin states) and which, I think, may fairly be treated as. ee 85 hemoptera—at any rate until an examination of the type shall prove the contrary. Thus I regard Pseudolycus as at present consisting of four species, viz., hemorrhoidalis, Fab., luctuwosa, Boisd., marginata, Guér., and hemoptera, Guér., to which I have to add two new ones. The following table indicates characters by which the six may be indentified :— A. Prothorax having two ridges, which diverge obliquely hindward from the middle of the median line enclosing a triangular depres- sion. (Antenne unicolorous). B. Prothorax distinctly cordiform. C. Prothorax notably wider than long. (Hind tarsi unicolorous) hemorrhoidalis, Fab. CC. Prothorax not (or scarcely) wider than long. (Base of hind tarsi testaceous) ... Juctwosus, Boisd. BB. Prothorax searcely cordiform. (Base of hind tarsi testaceous) marginatus, Guer. AA. Middle longitudinal line of prothorax continu- ously convex or carinate. (Antenne not unicolorous) B. Surface of prothorax very uneven through the presence of large impressions and fovee. C. Prothorax notably longer than wide, and feebly cordiform elegantulus, Blackb. OC. Prothorax only slightly longer than wide, strongly cordiform ... ... Ahemopterus, Guer. BB. Surface of prothorax even or nearly so .. puberulus, Blackb. P. hemorrhoidalis, Fab. I have not seen this species except from Tasmania. So far as my observation goes the colour is uniformly black, except the elytra, which vary from entirely black (if atratus is a var. of it) through forms in which only the apex of the elytra is red (type), and others in which the sides, or the sides and suture (cinctus), as well as the apex are red, to a form in which the elytra are entirely red (figured by _ Mr. Champion, /oc. cit., and in my collection). From its nearest allies it is distinguishable also by its prothorax of evidently {though not at all strongly) cordate form, and quite strongly transverse. P. luctuosus, Boisd. The species to which I apply this name occurs in Victoria, and closely resembles hemorrhoidalis, Fab. In colour its elytra vary exactly as those of hemorrhoidalis do, and in addition the specimens with red elytra have some red blotches on the prothorax. The base of the basal joint of the hind tarsi séems to be invariably whitish testaceous. The pro- thorax is sculptured on the upper surface like that of hemorrhoidalis, but is scarcely wider than long, and is very evidently more cordiform. The antenne are like those of hemorrhoidalis in their dilated joints being very strongly dilated in both sexes. 86 P. marginatus, Guer. A wider, more depressed, and more fragile-looking species than either of the preceding. I have seen only two examples of it, and, therefore, cannot say much about its variability. In both of these there is a large, somewhat oval spot of pale testaceous colour on either side of the prothorax, one side of either spot (as viewed from above) placed so close to the side of the prothorax as almost (but not quite) to form the Jateral margin. The shoulders and apex of the elytra in both- are testaceous. In one of them the apical colour runs up the suture and lateral margin only for a short distance ; in the other it extends forward to the shoulders on the lateral margin, and almost to the base on the suture. The hind tarsi are coloured as in /uctuosus, but the pale colouring is only at the extreme base. The prothorax can be called cordiform even less decidedly than that of hemorrhoidalis, the greater part of the sides being only very feebly rounded, and their hinder sinuation being only close to the base. The antenne are like those of luctwosus. P. elegantulus, sp. nov. Mas. Elongatus, gracilis ; colore pro- babiliter variabilis, ‘exempto typico nigro rufo-notato {sc. prothorace (vitta mediana et macula parva utrinque posita exceptis) elytris (vittis angustis 3 exceptis) et antennarum articulis 8° fere toto 9° que ad basin, rufis] ; capite subtilius minus crebre punctulato; antennarum articulis 3°—7° leviter dilatatis (3° quam 1" parum latiori, ceteris gradatim angustioribus, 7° quam 8" parum latiori) ; prothorace nitido, leviter cordiformi, quam latiori sat longiori, in medio longitudinaliter leviter obtuse elevato, utrinque late minus profunde impresso ; elytris confertim subtiliter subaspere punctulatis pubescentibus, costis 4 latis obtusis discoidalibus instructis. Long., 34].; lat.. 4 1. Fem. latet. Ditters from all the other Psewdolyci known to me by the sculpture of its prothorax ; also differs from hemorrhoidalis and luctuosus, pnd probably also from marginatus (of which I have not seen a male) in the dilatation of the intermediate joints of the antennz being very feeble in the male. Its nearest ally seems to be the species I have called hemoptera, from which it differs, inter alia, by its much less cordiform more nitid less closely punctulate and very differently coloured prothorax (which, moreover, has not a well-defined median carina), by the much greater width of the elevated lines on its elytra, and by its shorter head. Victoria. P. hemopterus, Guer. ‘The insect that I believe to be th® original of this species is somewhat common in the mountainous 87 parts of Victoria, and is (as its author says hemopterus is) some- what more convex than most Psewdolyci are. Its colour is very variable as regards the prothorax and elytra, the former being usually black but in some examples with red markings, and the latter red with black markings which vary from a single sub- sutural line through intermediate formsto a form in which only the apex and the hind part of the lateral margin are red. ‘The rest of the insect is black except the eighth and ninth antennal joints, which are partly testaceous. In the male the antennal structure is like that of the male of the preceding species (eleyantulus). In the female joints 3—7 (especially 3—5) are more strongly dilated, but evidently less strongly (6 and 7 very much less strongly) than in hemorrhoidalis and its allies. The prothorax is subopaque, strongly cordiform, distinctly longer than wide, closely finely and subasperately punctulate, finely and quite sharply carinate the length of the middle line (the carina, how- ever, not quite reaching the base), and has a large strong fovea on either side of the middle line a little behind the apical margin. P. puberulus, sp. nov. Fem. Elongatus, sat angustus ; sat dense pubescens ; colore probabiliter variabilis, exemplo typico nigro rufo-notato [sc. prothoracis macula magna _ hirsuta basali utrinque posita, elytrorum vitta brevi angusta subsuturali, et antennarum articulis 8° 9° que (hujus apice excepto), rufis vel testaceis]}; capite minus _ brevi, sat nitido, crebrius subtiiius (nullo modo aspere) punctu- lato; antennarum articulis 3°—5° modice (6° 7° que leviter) dilatatis ; prothorace quam latiori parum longiori, cordiformi, fere zquali, longitudinaliter in medio minus perspicue elevato; elytris confertim subtiliter sub- aspere punctulatis, lineis 4 discoidalibus leviter elevatis. instructis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 1,3, 1. Mas. latet. A very distinct species ; more closely pubescent than its allies ; and at once distinguishable from the other Pseudolyci known to me by the large patch of fulvous pubescence at the base of the prothorax on either side of the median line, as well as by the almost even surface of that segment. The structure of the antenne of the female is much lke that of the female of hemopterus. N.S. Wales ; Blue Mountains. CURCULIONIDZ:. ECRIZOTHIS (gen nov. Leptopsidarum). Rostrum robustum breve, ad apicem dilatatum et ut Leptops lamina glabra subtriangulari instructum, supra 3-carinatum ; 88 scrobes submedianz, antice late, postice vix distincte ; antenne robust#, scapo prothoracem vix attingenti, funiculo 7-articulato (articulis 3 basalibus quam latioribus paullo longioribus, 4—6 brevioribus, 7° longiori), clava distincta ; oculi modici obtiqui late ovales; prothorax subcylindricus, lobis ocularibus fere nullis ; scutellum indistinctum ; pedes modici , tibiarum corbule aperte ; unguiculi liberi; metas- ternum breve ; processus intercoxalis minus latus; corpus squamosum et setosum. I found this genus for a remarkable little species that I have had for some time past unnamed in my collestion, and which has recently been sent tome by Mr. French with the information that it is destructive to vegetation in Victoria. I feel some hesitation in assigning it to the Leptopsides, but it seems to be more at home there than anywhere else; moreover, Mr. Lea (who has lately been much occupied with the Australian Curculionide) tells me that he regards it as an undescribed Leptopsid genus. The extreme feebleness of the ocular lobes and the wide obliquely-placed eyes are unusual in the Tribe. The following characters in combination distinguish this from the other characterised Australian Leptopsid genera :—Corbels of hind tibize open, claws normal and free, scape of the antenne reaching (when set back) to the prothorax. Probably its nearest ally is Scotasmus (which I have not seen), which differs from it, inter alia, by the scape of its antennze reaching only to the eyes. FE. inequalis, sp. nov. Piceus, squamis albidis fuscisque con- fertim et setis brevibus suberectis (his ut squamz coloratis) minus crebre vestitus ; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori (latitudine majori paullo ante medium posita), crebre subtilius ruguloso et indeterminate ineequali ; elytris striatis, striis crenulato punctulatis, interstitiis confertim subtilius punctulatis, interstitio 3° tuberculis circiter 4 obtusis armato (ex his posterioribus 2 sat magnis), interstitio 5° tuberculis nonnullis subobsoletis armato. Long. (rostro incl.), 22 1; lat:, Bel. In fresh specimens the whitish and pale fuscous scales so thickly cover the whole surface that no sculpture is noticeable, except the hinder two tubercles on the third interstice of each elytron. Victoria. CUBICORHYNCHUS. C. tortipes, Blackb. Mr. Lea tells me that he has examined the type of C. angularis, Macl., and finds that tortipes is identical with it. Mr. Pascoe (Journ. Linn. Soc., 1873) states, “on the authority of Mr. Duboulay,” that angularis is the male of 89 Bohemanni, Schh. There is nothing in the description of C. -angularis on which any opinion could be formed as to the correct- ness of the above synonymy. HYBORRHYNCHUS. H. awrigena, sp. nov. Piceus, squamis albidis fuscisque inter- mixtis confertim vestitus; rostro lato brevi, utrinque obtuse carinato- marginato, margine supra oculum abrupte desinente tuberculum conicum simulanti; capite postice convexo, a clypeo sulco profundo distincto, pone sulcum longitudinaliter rugato et tuberculis parvis instructis, in vertice anguste impresso et bituberculato; prothorace trans- verso, postice angustato, canaliculato, supra sat plano confuse tuberculato, ad latera utrinque ante medium acute bituber- culato ; elytris seriatim tuberculis parvis instructis (tuber- culis inter se sat equalibus, crebre dispositis, singulis setas singulas ferentibus), biseriatim in interstitio 3° leviter 4-gibbosis, ad apicem inermibus. Long. (rostro. inel.), 5 1. ; lat., 14 1. The absence of a mucro at the apex of the elytra distinguishes this species from all its previously described congeners except rugosus, Macl., crassiusculus, Macl., and Mastersi, Macl. From rugosus and Mastersi it differs, inter alia, by its elytra having no tubercles notably larger than the rest about the hind declivity, and from crassiwsculus by the very different sculpture of its head and prothorax. W. Australia ; taken by Mr. Froggatt at Kalgoorlie. CENTYRES. C. delens, sp. nov. FPiceus, setulis brevibus albidis minus crebre, et squamis ochraceis fuscisque dense vestitus, his in pro- thorace medio vittatim et in elytris disperse maculatim con- densatis ; antennis fuscis, scapo modice elongato, articulis basalibus 2 sat elongatis inter se sat zqualibus; rostro sub- obsolete tricarinato; prothorace leviter transverso, antice leviter angustato, punctulato, obsolete vermiculato-ruguloso, lateribus minus fortiter rotundatis ; elytris ampliatis, sat convexis, punctulato-striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis ; tibiis anticis intus minus perspicue denticulatis,—posticis ad apicem cavernosis ; abdominis segmento 2° quam 3"° parum longiori. Long. (rostr. incl.), 4 1.; lat., 12 1. Differs from the previously described species by the median fuscous vitta of its prothorax and the small fuscous spots on its elytra, and by the less distinct denticulations of its front tibize. Compared with C. twrgidus, Pasc., it is much smaller, &c.; with ovis, Pasc., it is of considerably more convex build; while i 90 differs from sinuatus, Blackb., inter alia by its prothorax with less strongly rounded sides and narrower in proportion to the elytra. N.S.W. ; sent by Mr. Froggatt, and stated to be destructive to vines. LONGICORNES. YORKEICA (gen. nov. Phoracanthidarum). Palpi subzequales sat breves robusti, ad apicem truncati ; caput breve ; antennz quam corpus parum longiores (articulis 1° subpiriformi, 2° brevi, 3° quam 1" paullo longiori, 4° quam 1"* vix longiori, 5° quam 3" sublongiori, ceteris longioribus, 11° appendiculato), articulis 3—7 ad apicem utrinque spinosis (spina externa quam interna majori); oculi sat grosse granulati; prothorax inermis; elytra ad apicem bispinosa ; pedes antici quam posteriores multo breviores ; femora sat lineares ; tarsi sat breves, articulo basali quam latiori vix duplo longiori, quam sequentes 2 conjuncti sat breviori, unguiculi divergentes ; cox intermediz clause. The position of this genus is very difficult to determine. According to Lacordaire’s classification it is a Phoracanthid on account of the strongly granulated eyes, spined antenne, and closed intermediate coxal cavities ; therefore I place it among the Phoracanthid genera.* But its prothorax unarmed at the sides and scarcely tuberculate above, and its short tarsi (with the basal joint distinctly shorter than the following two together, and the claw joint very little shorter than the preceding three together) separate it very widely from all other Phoracanthides known to me, and are almost Lamiid in appearance. The front legs very short in comparison with the four hinder legs perhaps suggest an affinity to the genus Xypeta, Pasc., but, otherwise, it does not seem to resemble X. gral/aria, Pasc. I am not sure of the sex of the type, but think it probably a female. Y. marmorea, sp. nov. Picea, pube cinerea et fulva marmorata ; prothorace leviter transverso, in disco ante medium tuber- culis parvis nonnullis instructo, lateribus leviter arcuatis ; elytris antice sat grosse punctulatis et tuberculis plurimis nitidis parvis armatis, postice sparsim minus profunde punctulatis nec tuberculatis. Long., 16 1.; lat.,.5 1. The markings resulting from the presence of ashy and fulvous pubescence on the piceous derm are extremely intricate. On the head an ashy line runs down the middle, a fulvous line runs * Since this was written Mr. Gahan,—to whom as an eminent specialist on the Lengicornes I submitted my specimen for inspection,—has favored me with his opinion that Yorkeica is correctly placed in Phoracanthides as. anew genus. He thinks it near Demelius. 91 across the base, and there is fulvous pubescence on the labrum and the inner margin of the eyes. The prothorax is confusedly marbled with ashy and fulvous pubescence. The elytra may be described as marbled with ashy pubescence, which is interrupted here and there by bare spaces of piceous derm and also by nitid tubercles, and is traversed by four longitudinal lines of fulvous pubescence extending from the base to the apex,—these lines being themselves much interrupted by bare spots of derm and nitid tubercles. The antennz are closely clothed with ashy pubescence except at the extreme apex of each joint. The legs are marbled with ashy pubescence, and there are some spots of fulvous pubescence on the femora. The under surface is covered with ashy pubescence in which, however, are numerous small bare spots of derm, and also many large blotches (generally transverse) of fulvous pubescence. N. Queensland (Cape York) ; sent to me by Mr. French. BETHELIUM. B. (2) spinicorne, sp. nov. Rufo-ferrugineum (nonnullcrum exemplorum elytris abdomineque infuscatis), elytris fasciis binis pallide flavis (altera angusta angulata ante medium, altera sat lata obliqua pone medium, positis) suturam haud attingentibus ornatis; parce setosum; prothorace subcy- lindrico, antice posticeque leviter angustato, crebre subob- soleté punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis ; elytris a basi usque ad fasciam posticam sat crebre sat fortiter (postice obsoletius) punctulatis; antennis quam corpus _paullo longioribus, articulis 3° (hoc ad apicem spina elongata armato) quam 1" vel 4° sat longiori, 5°—9° inter se sat zequalibus (his quam 3" sublongioribus). Long., 5 1.; lat., II. I have recently received this species from Mr. French. It is. evidently the insect referred to by Mr. Gahan (Tr. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1893, p. 178) asallied to, but distinct from, B. Blackburni, Gahan. Mr. Gahan thinks it doubtful whether it is a true Bethelium, and I share his doubt, as the antennal spine is not present, and the elytral markings are of a different kind (not of the slightly raised, ivory-like, description they are in the present species) in the type of the genus (B. signiferum, Newm.). From Mr, Gahan’s remarks on B. Blackburni, however, I should judge that that insect is intermediate between the present species and B. signiferum, having the elytral markings of the former but not the antennal spine ; and if so there may be other intermediate forms yet to he discovered which may prove the antennal spine not to be a truly generic character. Victoria. 92 B. tricolor, Blackb. Mr. Gahan (loc. cit.) thinks that this may be the same thing as Kctosticta simillima, White, remarking at the same time the close resemblance and alliance between Bethelium and Ectosticta, a resemblance which [also had referred to ina former paper. It is difficult to arrive at certainty with- out seeing the type of £. similluma as to whether Mr. Gahan’s surmise is correct, but it is quite certain that 5. tricolor has the eyes of a Bethelium and not of an Kctosticta—so that if the above synonymy is to be accepted #. simillima must be removed from Ectosticta to Bethelium. SISYRIUM. S. sparsum, Blackb. Mr. Gahan (Joc. cit.) thinks it not un- likely that this is identical with S. stigmoswm, Pasc. Un. fortunately the matter could be decided only by a comparison of types. My species was described on a unique male, Mr. Pascoe’s on a female. Compared with the figure of the latter, S. sparswm is very much smaller and of more slender build, with the anterior dark mark on the elytra (not a fine line as in stigmoswm, but) a large quadrate blotch nearly as wide as long. It is quite possible that these differences appertain to the sexes of one species that is variable in its markings, but it is to be noted that when the type of sparswm is compared with Pascoe’s description the following differences also appear :—The prothorax is of much darker colour than the description indicates, and I cannot trace five un- puuctured spaces on that segment, the unpunctured spaces appearing as three longitudinal zones. In the type of sparsum there is a large deep fovea on the disc of the prothorax im- mediately in front of the base which looks, however, as if it might be accidental, and on account of my suspecting it to be so I did not emphasize it in describing the species, but merely called the protkorax “ ingequalis.” S. ventrale, Blackb. Mr. Gahan (loc. cit.) seems to think that this may be identical with stigmosum, Pasc., if sparswm, Blackb., is not ; this, however, can hardly be the case, for he states that by measurement the length of the prothorax of sézgmoswm is all but half greater than the width, whereas, in ventrale the length is ail but the same as the greatest width (it is about as 16 to 15). S. vittatum, Blackb. (? var. of stigmosum). I do not see where the mistake that Mr. Gahan perceives in my remarks on this insect comes in, as [ expressed no opinion as to the proportions of the prothorax in stigmosum, but merely indicated as my reason for not emphaising very much the difference between the propor- tions of the prothorax in it and the var. vittatum that Mr. Pascoe did not say that he had measured the prothorax of stigmosum, and that if he had not done so his statement of the proportions would not be realiable enough to confirm the distinctness of vittatum 93 from his insect. It is satisfactory, however, that Mr. Gahan is able to decide this point definitely, and states that S. vittatum is. mot a var. of stigmoswm. TESSAROMMA. T. nanum, sp. nov. Subtus piceum, metasterno dilutiori ; supra piceum, capite prothoracis parte antica-mediana et elytris postice indeterminate rufescentibus, antennis palpis pedibus- que (femorum parte clavata obscura excepta) rufo-testaceis ; setis fulvis erectis sparsis instructum, elytris pube argenteo- sericea maculatim ornatis ; capite confertim subtiliter aspere punctulato, linea longitudinali mediana vix perspicue impresso ; antennarum articulo 3° leviter arcuato; prothorace quam latiori perspicue longiori, antice posticeque leviter constricto, ad latera media spinoso, dorso longitudinaliter bicristato, cristis a margine antico fere ad basin continuis; elytris basin versus sparsim granulatis, ad apicem rotundato- truncatis. lLong., 34 1.; lat., 1 1. (vix). At once distinguishable from its previously described congeners by, inter alia, its much more slender legs and antenne, its head not impressed with a well-defined median longitudinal furrow, its prothorax with (the ill-defined pair of median gibbosities of the other species represented by) two well-defined elevated longi- tudinal crests, which are quite traceable to the front margin, though much more feeble (and also more widely separated from each other) on the part in front of the anterior constriction than behind it (in fact the crests on that part ought perhaps to be described rather as isolated sub-obsolete crests not quite in line with the larger ones), and its elytra with spots of silvery pubesence similar to those of P. wndatwm in the front two-thirds of their length, but having the apical one-third densely and quite uniformly clothed with the pubescence. The very small size of this species, of course, also distinguishes it. The two divisions of the eyes are very widely separated from each other, and coarsely granulated. Viewed from the side the gibbosity of the prothorax is markedly greater than in either wndatum, Newm., or sericans, Er. Queensland ; sent by Mr. French. PHYTOPHAGA. COOLGARDICA (gen. nov. Sagridarum ). Caput abrupte declive, modice elongatum ; palporum maxillarium articulus ultimus ovalis ; oculi sat parvi, transversim ovales, fortiter prominentes, grosse granulati ; antenne filiformes quam corpus circiter dimidio breviores, articulo ultimo appendiculato ; prothorax cordiformis, angulis anticis rotun- 94 datis, posticis subdentiformibus ; elytra quam prothorax sat latiora, sat brevia, ad apicem inermia ; prosternum inter coxas anticas angustum, quam cox minus elevatum ; mesosternum ante coxas intermedias sat longe productum; metasternum inter coxas intermedias haud productum ; abdominis segmen- tum basale quam sequentia 3 conjuncta vix brevius, antice sat angustatum ; pedes sat breves, femoribus (prvesertim posticis) crassis, posticis subtus prope apicem dente acuto armatis, tarsis brevibus (inter se equalibus, articulis basali- bus 3inter se equalibus latis quam latioribus haud longioribus, unguiculis simplicibus. It will be seen from the preceding diagnosis that this genus in many respects resembles Duboulayra, but differs from it notably by its small excessively prominent eyes, and its front coxe rising considerably above the level of the »arrow intermediate space. Its eyes are not unlike those of Polyoptilus, though smaller, but it differs entirely from Polyoptilus in the structure of its tarsi. From Megamerus it differs, ater alia, by the small oval apical joint of its maxillary palpi, from Prionesthis and Cheiloxena by its strongly toothed hind femora, from Carpophagus, Diaphanops. Mecynodera, and Amettala by the extremely coarse granulation of its eyes, and from Psewdotoxotus by its short tarsi. In Chapuis’ arrangement of the Sayrides its place is in the “Groupe” Megamerites. There are four examples before me (three of them belonging to the S.A. Museum) among which I cannot detect any indication of sexual differences. Although I have not a specimen that I can damage sufficinetly to make a proper examination of its /igula I can see that that organ is of the Sagrid as distinguished from the Criocerid character. C. tenebrioides, sp. nov. Nigra vel ferruginea, omnium exem- plorum palpis antennarum basi apiceque et abdomine rufe- scentibus; sat nitida; capite prothoraceque confertim subtilius subaspere punctulatis; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, sat gracilibus articulis 3° 4° que inter se sat eequalibus ; oculis sat parvis, transversis, grosse granulatis ; prothorace subcordato (nonnullorum exem- plorum indeterminate inequali); elytris sat fortiter vix crebre subseriatim punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 4 instruc- tis; corpore supra fere glabro, subtus pubescenti. Long., 41.; lat., 121. A short robust insect somewhat resembling in build certain small species of the Zenebrionid genus Menephilus, varying in colour from ferruginous to black. In one of the darkest speci- mens the shoulders are ferruginous. W.A. (Coolgardie). 95 NEODIAPHANOPS (gen. nov. Sagridarum). Caput declive, minus elongatum; palporum maxillarium articulus ultimus ovalis; oculi sat parvi, transversim ovales, sat prominuli, subtilius granulati; antenne robust, quam corpus paullo breviores, articulis intermediis compressis (maris quam feminz magis fortiter, ultimo femine appen- diculato maris deformi); prothorax subcylindricus, latitudine majori ad basin sita (fere ut Diaphanopis), angulis anticis vix distinctis ; elytra quam prothorax multo latiora, fere a basi dehiscentibus, ad apicem rotundata ; prosternum inter coxas angustum, quam cox vix minus elevatum ; meta- sternum inter coxas intermedias haud productum; _ pedes modici, femoribus modice incrassatis (posticis quam anteriores paullo magis, illis prope apicem dente acuto armatis), tarsis modice elongatis (fere ut Diaphanopis), robustis, articulo basali quam 2" parum longiori, unguiculis simplicibus ; abdominis segmentum basale quam 2-4 conjuncta parum brevius. Nearest I think to Diaphanops of described genera, beside which it would stand in M. Lacordaire’s arrangement as a member of the “Groupe” Carpophagites, on account of the greatest width of its prothorax being at the base of that seg- ment. In that “ Groupe” it differs from Carpophagus inter alia by its prosternum not prominent behind the coxe and its very much less dilated femora, and from Diaphanops by its head not rostriform in front, transversely oval eyes, and much longer antenne. Its elytra (of ordinary length but) dehiscent almost from the base in both sexes, and strongly depressed distinguish it at once from all described Australian genera of Sagrides. Its ligula is of the Sagrid type. The upper surface of the typical species is pubescent (rather closely on the prothorax and head, very sparsely on the elytra), and the under surface is densely so. The facies, and especially the colours and markings, are sugges- tive of Polyoptilus, but I do not look upon that genus as at all closely allied structurally to the present one. NV. Frogyatti, sp. nov. Niger, antennis (articulis basalibus 3 exceptis) tarsisque rufis, elytris flavo-variegatis; minus nitidus , capite prothoraceque confertim subtiliter aspere punctulatis ; antennarum articulis 1° sub-globoso, 2 perbrevi, 3° quam 1"* 2° que conjuncti vix breviori obovata, 4° quam 3° vix breviori subtriangulari fere transverso, 5° quam 4™ parum longiori, 4°—11° gradatim longioribus ; prothorace leviter transverso sub-cylindrico, ad basin dilatato, lateribus leviter sinuatis ; elytris sparsius subfortiter nullo modo seriatim punctulatis, sutura manifeste carinata. 36 Maris antennarum articulis 4—10 manifeste compressis,. articulo apicali breviter appendiculato deformi (sc. inequali versus apicem tuberculo magno mamillato et tuberculis non- nullis minoribus armato. ) Fem. antennarum articulis 4—10 leviter compressis, ultimo breviter appendiculato. Long., 5 1.; lat.. 2 |. (vix). Evidently variable in the markings of its elytra. I have before me three examples, no two of which are quite alike. In one of them the elytra may be described as bright yellow with the suture narrowly black for a short distance behind the base, this narrow black suture suddenly and squarely dilating about half- way between the base and the middle of the,elytra into a very wide common sutural vitta and then dilating again about half- way between the middle and apex of the elytra to occupy the whole apex. The apical black is narrowly produced up the lateral margin nearly to its middle and then turns inward on the elytron and joins the sutural vitta, so as to enclose a large yellow spot. There is also an oblique black dash running hind- ward and sutureward (but not reaching the suture) from the lateral margin near its front. In another example the base of the elytra is narrowly black, and the oblique dash is continued so as to connect with the front margin of the transverse connec- tion between the sutural vitta and the black part of the lateral margin. The third example is like the type, except that the connection between the sutural vitta and the black part of the lateral margin is wanting. N.W. Australia ; sent by Messrs. Froggatt and Masters. POLYOPTILUS. It appears to me doubtful whether all the species that have been attributed to this genus are really congeneric, but there certainly seem to be serious difficulties in the task of separating them, inasmuch as there is only one of them (P. Lacordairez,. Germ.) of which both sexes are known with certainty. At present, therefore, it seems well to regard the genus as dis- tinguished from otuer described Australian Sagrides by the following characters in combination ; metasternum not promi- nent between the intermediate cox (as it is in Mecynodera), elytra not spiniform at apex (as they are in Ametalla), prothorax not at its widest at the base (as it isin Carpophagus, Diaphanops, Pseudotoxotus, and Neodiaphanops), mandibles not bifid at the apex (as they are in Cheiloxena), apical joint of maxillary palpi not securiform (as it is in Megamerus), hind femora not unarmed in combination with normal elytra (as they are in Prionesthis), eyes not depressed (as they are in Duboulayia), tarsi not short and having their basal three joints equal or nearly so, inter se (as 97 they are in Coolgardica). Species referable to Polyoptilus by the characters indicated above, and not distinguishable by any well- marked and obviously generic character from the species already attributed to that genus, seem to me best placed for the present in Polyoptilus. I make the above remarks with a view to des- cribing two new species of Sagrides, which were taken in Tropical Queensland by Mr. Koebele, and which certainly do not seem to a casual glance congeneric, inter se, and yet one of them is evidently closely allied structurally to P. Lacordairet, Germ., and the other to P. Hricksoni, Germ. They differ from all the known Australian Sagrid genera, except Polyoptilus, as I have noted above that Polyoptilus does, and I fail to discover in them any well-marked structural character that would decidedly separate them from both the species of Polyoptelus named above. I may perhaps remark in passing that the description of Polyoptilus pachytoides, Baly, reads in some respects as if it might have been founded on a female example of the genus described above as Veodiaphanops, although I find it difficult to believe that if that had been the case Mr. Baly would have referred the insect to Polyoptilus. P. costatus, sp. uov. Sat parallelus, modice elongatus; fer- rugineus, elytris (margine angusto ad suturam et ad latus excepto) dilutioribus; capite crebre fortius punctulato ; antennis quam corpus vix brevioribus, articulis 2° perbrevi 3° quam 2" duplo longiori (his conjunctis 1° eequalibus) 4° quam 1™ vix longiori 5° quam 4" vix longiori 5°—11° gradatim longioribus ; oculis prominentibus grosse granu- latis (ut P. Lacordairet) ; prothorace cordato, leviter trans- verso, sat crebre (quam P. Lacordairei magis crebre) sub- fortiter punctulato, mox ante basin constricto, lateribus ante medium fortiter rotundatis; elytris costis 4 (his bene definitis et ante apicem obsoletis) instructis, interspatiis et parte apicali sat crebre subfortiter punctulatis ; tarsis quam P. Lacordairei paullo minus elongatis; corpore subtus pubescenti; femoribus posticis subtus (sicut P. Lacordairet) armatis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 121. The prothorax is notably longer than wide in all the previously described species except Hricksoni, Germ., and Waterhousei, Baly, the former of whicu however has antenne not much more than half the length of the body their third joint being very little shorter than the fourth, while the latter has punctulate- striate non-costate elytra. Its strongly prominent eyes (with their hind outline, viewed from above, forming a right angle with the lateral outline of the head), elongate antenne, pubescent under surface, and comparatively slender build connect this species much more closely with P. Lacordairer than with G 98 b. Erickson. From P. Lacordairei it is abundantly distinct {apart from its very different colouring) by, inter alia, its short prothorax, and elytra with strongly defined (quite costiform) elevated lines. N. Queensland. P. torridus, sp. nov. Robustus, sat latus; piceus, antennis palpis tarsisqae dilutioribus ; capite et prothorace confertim fortiter subrugulose punctulatis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, articulis 2°brevi, 3° quam 2" duplo longiori, 4° quam 3" longiori (1° longitudine sat quali), 5° 4° sat eequali, 6°—10° brevioribus inter se sat squalibus, 11° 4° longitudine sat equali; oculis sat parvis sat pro- ‘minulis, grosse granulatis; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori, cordato, lateribus ante medium fortiter rotundatis, margine antico nonnihil elevato ad latera subangulato ; elytris lineis subelevatis 4 (his postice abbreviatis) instructis, interspatiis et parte apicali crebrius subfortiter punctulatis ; femoribus posticis subtus (sicut P. Lacordairer) armatis, tarsis sat brevibus (quam P. Hricksoni paullo brevioribus) ; corpore fere glabro. Long., 61; lat., 241. This species is of very robust build, even more so than P. Lricksoni, Germ.; its antenne and tarsi, moreover, are distinctly shorter than in that species When both sexes of the species now attributed to Polyoptilus are known I cannot but think it probable that Lacordairet and Hricksonz will be found to be generically dis- tinct from each other, and if so I suspect that the present species will have to be placed in a third genus. It has the nitid glabrous undersurface as well as the robust build and short antenne and tarsi of the Hricksoni type, but its eyes are of the Lacordairer type. If it should be found that the female of Hricksoni has short elytra and unarmed hind femora (as in Lacordairei) no doubt the two might stand as extreme forms of a single genus, but I am of opinion that I have both sexes of Hricksont and that the female differs very little from the male externally, being however] somewhat larger and having the front tarsi more slender. JI can, however, find no satisfactory character to separate the present insect from Polyoptilus regarded as including both Lacordairet and Ericksoni. N. Queensland. EDUSA. E. puberula, Bohem. In Tr. Roy. Soc., 8.A., 1891, I furnished a paper on Hdusa containing a tabulation of the species known tome. In that paper I mentioned £. puberula as one that I had not been able to identify. Since that time I have collected in the Blue Mountains, and also received from Mr. Froggatt, an Edusa which I have no doubt is that insect. In my tabulation 99 it would stand (doc. cit., p. 143) beside bella, Blackb., from which it differs inter alia by its considerably larger size and more robust legs, and by its head not having a well marked longit- udinal impression on the vertex (as bella has) but only a very fine (almost scratch-like) frontal stria. E. viridicollis, Lef. Since writing the above-mentioned paper I have collected this species also, and have received it from Mr. Jacoby and from the Chapuis collection. In my tabulation of Edusa (loc, cit.) it would stand beside £. lineata, Blackb., from which it is distinguishable enter alia by its much larger size, very different colouring, and its hind tibiz in the male strongly curved at the apex. PSEUDOPAROPSIS (gen. nov. Chrysomelidarum). Palpi maxillares breves, articulo ultimo subovali apice angustato quam precedens sublongiori; oculi oblongo- ovales, subtilius granulati ; antenne breves (speciei typice articulis 7—10 sat fortiter transversis) ; prothorax brevis ; elytra conjuncta quam longiora sat latiora, epipleuris (ut Paropsidarum normalium, e.g. punctata, Marsh) altera parte alte erecta altera (antice latissime) horizontali; prosternum inter coxas minus angustatum, postice dilatatum, in medio inter coxas carinatum utrinque sulcatum (sicut Paropsidarum plurimarum, e.g. minor, Marsh); pedes modici, tarsorum (sicut Paropsidis) articulo 2° quam 1"* 3"° que multo minori multo angustiori, unguiculis simplicibus; corpus (speciei typicee) modice convexum, fere circularis, glabrum, Coccinellam simulans. The species for which I propose this new generic name may be characterisedasa Paropsis with the palpi and claws of a Plagiodera. From the latter genus it may at once be known by the small second joint of its tarsi (not more than half as wide as the third joint), and especially by the epipleure of its elytra, which consist of two distinct planes nearly at right angles to each other (except close to the apex of the elytra), the height of the erect part and the width of the horizontal part being in the front half of their length each about equal to the length of the second ventral seg_ ment. It seems not improbable that Plagiodera Lownei, Baly {of which I have not seen an example) is a member of this genus. P. nitidipennis, Boisd. Fere circularis, minus convexa; glabra ; nitida ; flavo-fulva, elytris cupreis nonnihil aureo-mican- tibus antice et ad latera viridi-marginatis; capite brevi subtilissime punctulato, antice transversim (postice in medio longitudinaliter) sulcato ; antennis brevibus, apicem versus fortiter incrassatis; prothorace quam longiori ut 7 ad 3 100 latiori, sequali, sparsius dupliciter (subtiliter et minus sub- tiliter) punctulato, angulis omnibus rotundatis; elytris sparsim punctulatis (horum puncturis prptharnds puncturis majoribus similibus). Long., 24 1.; lat., 22 1. The very brief description of Chrysomela nitidipennis, Boisd., reads as if it might well have been founded on this species, especially in consideration of Boisd. referring to the small size of the insect before him in comparison with the other Australian Chrysomele that he described. In describing Plagiodera Lownet Mr. Baly does not refer to that insect as differing structurally from typical species of Plagiodera,—so that very likely the present insect has nothing to do with it; nevertheless his des- cription (apart from that obstacle) reads much like that of a species resembling that I am now describing. If it should be generically identical Mr. Baty’s species differs specifically from mine by the black apex of its antenne and back of its head, the dark colouring of part of its under-surface, the (implied) absence of green margin on its elytra, its prothorax more than three times as wide as long, and bearing fovea-like impressions, and the lateral portion of its elytra ‘ dilated and separated from the disc by a shallow depression.” Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Froggatt. MONOLEPTA. M. fasciatipennis, Blackb. I have recently taken near the original locality some more examples of this species which prove it to be variable to the extent of invalidating the character on which in my tabulation of Monolepta (Tr. R. Soc., S.A., 1896, pp. 100, &.), I distinguished it from WM. picticollis, as the elytral fascia is now found to be liable to much abbreviation at both ends. I therefore substitute the following for the distinc- tion that was printed (/oc. czt., p. 100) in the tabulation :— E. Sulcus between the eyes (looked at obliquely from behind) strongly curved (with its con- vexity directed forward) .. ... fasciatipennis, Blackb. EE. Sulcus between the eyes (looked at obliquely from behind) straight ... ... ptcticollis, Blackb. From whatever point of view the frontal sulcus is looked at it is seen to be quite different in the above two species, but as its shape looks a little difierent in each according to the point of observation, I have selected a particular point of view for charac- terising it,—viz., that from which its hind edge is most conspicu- ous. It is also to be noted that looked at from the above- mentioned point of view the space in front of the sulcus is seen to be in fasciatipennis (but not in picticollis) broken up into about three quasi-tubercles. In my description of P. picticollis I 101 have called the head ‘‘arcuatim” suleato (which it is when regarded obliquely from in front),—but from a similar point of view the sulcus in fasciatipennis is seen to be very much more strongly arched still. The two species, moreover, are very different in colour and markings, although the particular marking I emphasised in my tabulation now proves to be unreliable as a sharp distinction. ON SOME OLDER TERTIARY FOSSILS OF UNCER: TAIN AGE FROM THE MURRAY DESERT. By Proressor Raupu Tare. |Read June 6. 1899. ] Puate I. A small collection of fossils in an excellent state of preservation, though more or less bleached, was submitted to me in 1886 ; of the species which were in duplicate I was permitted to retain an example. The list of species, then compiled, has since been lost, so that now [I have only actual knowledge of those retained for the University Museum. Some of these species are referred to in my Monographs as coming from a deep well on Cooke’s Plains or Murray Desert. It is only recently, though, after many futile attempts, that I have received authentic information of the locality whence the fossils were obtained. My irformant, Mr. L. Salter, of Angaston, writes me, March 3, 1§99—“ Mr. Smith says that the fossils came from the bottom of a deep well at a place called Tareena, on the Murray, in New South Wales, just across the Victorian border.” To add to my perplexity, I recognised in the Museum of Way College an identical set of fossils, both in regard to species and condition of fossilization. Through the kind services of Dr. Torr, these fossils have been traced to their source. Firstly it was stated “that they were dug up at Nildottie, somewhere near the Wow-Wow Plains, about 25 years ago, by his (the pupil’s) grand- father. The well was sunk afterwards to a thousand feet in depth.” Ina later communication, January 4, 1899, Dr. Torr writes—“‘ The well from which the fossils were taken is at Mindarie, about 80 miles south-east of Swan Reach.” And since then Dr. Torr has submitted to me a further batch of the same sort of fossils. The two localities must be at least eighty miles to the eastward of the easterly scarp of the Eocene Plateau at Overland Corner. There is nothing improbable that the topographic positions are 103 correct, though I am still unconvinced that the two set of fossils did not come from the same place or within reasonable contiguity ; so much alike are they, that it may be said that they are duplicates. The remarkable diversity of composition and mechanical con- dition of the Older Tertiary rocks make it possible in the majority of cases to refer specimens to their original site. Table Cape fossils are distinctive; so also are those from Spring Creek, River Murray Cliffs, Aldinga Bay, and so on. It is only in the case of the fossils of the soft clays, or those of the friable polyzoal limestones that localities cannot safely be assigned. The fossils from the Murray Desert do not resemble those of any known locality yielding Older Tertiary fossils. But they do resemble those of the Pliocene beds in the Dry Creek and Croydon bores,. near Adelaide ; the similitude being heightened by the common occurrence in the Murray Desert horizon of some of the most abundant fossils in the Pliocene beds obtained from the bores. just named. However, the Tareena collection from the Murray Desert was in my hands four years before the bore at Dry Creek revealed the concealed fossiliferous bed of Pliocene age, which fact dispels any doubt as to such being a source of supply; more- over, the white calcareous sand forming the matrices of the Murray Desert fossils is so largely admixed with grains of glauconite as to impart a pepper-and-salt coloration to the whole. This is distinctive. The main point of interest about these fossils is the uncertain data they afford as to their horizon ; and the interest therein has been increased through certain correlative discoveries made of late, such as the occurrence of certain so-called Eocene fossils in the Pliocene of the Dry Creek bore, that of characteristic Miocene species in Eocene beds, and the indications at the Murray Desert and some: other localities in Victoria and Tas- mania of a fauna intermediate between typical Eocene, such as Muddy Creek, and typical Miocene, such as around the Gipps- land Lakes. Though the age of the Murray Desert fossils is not actually assigned in my earlier Monographs, yet Eocene is implied ; but in my last one, Part IV., Gasteropoda, 1893, I remark under Natica gibbosa, “ the age is doubtfully Miocene.” The additional material brought to my notice by Dr. Torr raises the total of species from 27 to 40, and the number is sufficiently great to permit of an attempt to correlate the fauna with those of other localities and horizons. 104 List oF Murray Desert FosslIzs. Index to Locality - numbers.—1. Murray Cliffs ; 12. Table Cape ; 19. Geelong; 20. Mitchell River ; 3. Muddy Creek ; Beaumaris (Cheltenham and Mordialloc) ; 13. River Murray Cliffs ; 15. Muddy Creek ; 21. Camperdown. Aldinga Bay; 2. River 4. Gippsland Lakes; 10, 11. Spring Creek ; Species. *Oculina, 7. sp. Pecten yahlensis, Woods Hinnites corioensis, McCoy Axinza convexa, 7'ate ‘Cucullza;corioensis, McCoy ‘Crassatella oblonga, Woods Mytilicardia compta, Tate Cardita calva, Tate Trigonia intersitans, Tate ne acuticostata, McCoy .. Protocardium hemimeris, Tate Chione dimorphophylla, Tate .. Meretrix submultistriata, Tate Dentalium Mantelli, Zitte/ *Murex biconicus, TJ'ate ... Lampusia armata, Tate *Fusus trivialis, 2. sp. Columbarium Send sh Tate | *Tudicula costata, ate . *Voluta capitata, Tate ... ee tebalata. <7 ate: t., uncifera, Tate ... strophodon, McCoy ¢é ee *Volutilithes antispinosus, 7. sp. *Mitra diductua, . sp. Ancilla hebera, Hutton .. *Harpa cassinoides, Tate *Terebra angulosa, Tate .. *Cassis contusus, 2. sp. *Semicassis radiatus, Tate re transennus, T'ate Pelicaria coronata, Tate *Cyprea amygdalina, Tate *Surcula Vardoni, x. sp. Bathytoma Pritchardi, Tate Natica gibbosa, Hutton... Turritella tristira, Tate “ acricula, J'ate Cerithium Torrii, n. sp. * Pritchardi, ———— Total species, 40 Harris. % © %& * * + 28 | Mindarie. | a eee * a a a i | | S * 8 OK KX OK KR KF | ~ oO Other Occurrences. Nil. Koc., passim, 10, 12 Koc., 12, 13, 19, 20 Koc. ,13; Mioc.,1,2, 3; O.Plioc. Koc., passim; 10, 11, 12; Mioe., 1, 2, 3, 4; O. Plioc. 10, 12; Mioc., 1, 2, -4 Koc., 12, 15 ; Mioc., 2, 3 10; Mioc., 2, 3 Maude 10; Mioc., 1, 2, 3, 4 Koc., passim ; 12 Koe., 13, 15; 10 10, 12; Mioc., 3, 4 Eoc., passim ; 11, 12 Nil. Older Pliocene Nil. Koc., passim ; 12 Nil. Nil. Nil. Koc., 13 Eoc., passim ; 12 Nil. Nil. Koe., passinz, 10,11, 12; O. Plie. Nil. Nil. Nil. Nil. Koc., passim ; 12 12; Mioc., 2, 3, 4; O. Plioc. Nil. Nil. Mioc., 4 O. Pliocene Koc., 19, 21; 10, 12; Mioc., 4 Eoc., passim; 10, Ly, 12; Mioc., 4 Nil. 12 18 in common 105 Fifteen species are peculiar. These are indicated by a pre- fixed asterisk in the foregoing list. Of the twenty-five common to other localities and horizons, ten are Eocene, not passing into undoubted Miocene. Awxincea convexa, Crassatella oblonga, and Pelicaria coronata are characteristic Miocene species, the first and third passing to Older Pliocene. Lampusia armata and Natica gibbosa are common shells in O. Pliocene. Cucullea Corioensis is equally common at Eocene and Miocene horizons, and passes to Older Pliocene. Ancilla hebera is Eocene and Pliocene. Mytilicardia compta, Turritella tristira, and T. acricula are Eocene and Miocene, the first uncommon in both. Meretrix submultistriata is a somewhat characteristic Miocene species, but is not known at undoubted Eocene horizons. Bathytoma Pritchardi, Trigonia acuticostata, and Cardita calva are Miocene only. Trigonia intersitans was previously only known from Maude in the Moorabool Valley. It is noteworthy that Crassatella oblonga, Cardita calva, Trigonia acuticostata, Meretrix submultistriata, and Pelicaria coronata, which are characteristically Miocene, have been quoted as Eocene from their occurrence at Beaumaris (Cheltenham), Spring Creek, or Table Cape; and, also, that others having a wide geographic range and passing up from the Older to Newer Tertiary are met with at one or more of the three named localities. The collection of Murray Desert fossils includes several Eocene species which are not known at higher levels, and a fair number of Miocene species which do not occur at lower horizons, except the horizon represented by localities 10, 11, and 12, but some of which are alsc Pliocene shells. As a whole, the collection has considerable affinity with the faunas at Beaumaris and Table Cape, which with that of Spring Creek indicate a higher horizon than that of the typical Eocene localities. The Beaumaris fauna is not typical Miocene, despite Messrs. Hall & Pritchard’s (*) endeavors to prove it so; I have knowledge of a much fuller record of species than they have given, and an analysis of the evidences they afford may eventually be submitted ; however, I have always admitted that the fauna is a passage one from Eocene to Miocene. At present the stratigraphical relations of the beds yielding this intermediate fauna at these localities to the Eocene are not yet defined, though there is good ground for the opinion that the Beaumaris beds are superior to the Eocene. In the case of the two Murray Desert localities, the position is paradoxical ; the fossils indicate a younger age than the Eocene deposits which prevail along the line of the River Murray from *Trans. R. Soc., Vict., IX. (N.S.), 1896. 106 Lake Alexandrina to Overland Corner, and form the southern boundary of the Desert, which is more or less deliminated by the railway line from Murray Bridge to Tintinarra. Several deep wells on this route reveal at depths, corresponding with those at which the fossil beds were reached at Tareena and Mindarie, either the prevailing calciferous sandstone of the River Murray cliffs, or an earlier, more or less argillaceous formation corres- ponding with the basal beds of the Aldinga section.* Whilst, further deep-seated Eocene strata extend into New South Wales, as proved by the occurrence of Z'rigonia semiwndulata at a depth of 647 feet in the Arumpo bore, situate in the angle formed by the junction of the Darling and Murray rivers. + Tareena and Mindarie are situated at about fifty miles to the eastwood of the meridian of Overland Corner, which so far as known demarks the eastern escarpment of the River Murray plateau, composed above the river-way of Eocene calciferous. sandstone capped by Miocene sands and oyster-banks. Between Overland Corner and the confines of South Australian territory, Newer Tertiary lacustrine beds occupy the surface. Therefore, the fossiliferous beds beneath these at Tareena and Mindarie should be older than the River Murray Eocene-limestones (on the assumption that surface levels are approximately the same, and that the Eocene beds have little or no inclination, which I believe to be the case), or it may be that extensive erosion has removed the Eocene strata, which have been replaced by a younger deposit, similar to the Tintinarra section, where a Pleistocene deposit (containing a great variety of recent species) fills a north and south trough in the Eocene beds to a depth beneath the surface of 154 feet.t The rejection of this latter explanation will involve the acceptance of a very prolonged vertical range for a considerable number of species, and thus do violence to the evidence of a restricted range for the vast majority of the Eocene mollusca. The opinion that our Pre-Miocene deposits are not all synchronous may be gathered from the “Correlation” papers contributed by myself in collaboration with Mr. Dennant, though as yet no scheme of succession had been submitted. Aided since by extended paleontological studies, I have ventured to submit, perhaps prematurely, the following schedule showing the chronological sequence of the chief fossiliferous developments. *Clark, Tr. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., vol. XX., p. 110, 1896; Tate, id., vol. XXII., p. 197, 1898. +h theridge, Records Geol. Surv., N.S.W., vol. III., p. 115, 1893. (On examination of the fossil I have confirmed the specific determination. — R.T.) tTate, T., Roy. Soc., S.A., vol. XXII, p. 65, 1898. 107 SUCCESSION iTABLE OF PRE-MIOCENE TERTIARY BEDS. Post Eocene (? Oligocene). Beaumaris (Cheltenham), Murray Desert, Table Cape, and Spring Creek. Upper Eocene. Muddy Creek, Gippsland Rivers, River Murray, around Port Philip, Gelibrand River, and upper part of Lower Aldingian Series. Mippie Eocene. Cape Otway and middle section of Lower Aldingian. LowER Eocene. Chalk of the Great Australian Bight, lower part of Lower Aldingian Series, and Croydon Bore. PALAONTOLOGICAL NOTES. Fusus trivialis, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 4. This species is represented by an imperfect specimen, wanting the greater part of the spire. It resembles Fusus Johnstoni, as illustrated in my ‘‘Gasteropods,” Part I., t. 12, fig. 4a (a young shell), and indicates a total length of 44 mm., and a width of body-whorl of 20 mm. It differs by fewer and stouter spiral threads, three or four on the antesutural slope, the whorls not so angulated, the peripheral tuberculations more dentiform and larger, and the snout much more robust. Volutilithes antispinosus, spec, nov. Platei., figs. 5a, b. It resembles the short-spired form of V. antiscalaris, but has not the antesutural corona, and the adjacent whorls are flush, the spinous tubercles are fewer (eleven on the body-whorl), and more prominent. Its shape is more pyriform, and by reason of the more precipitous post-peripheral slope and the relatively wider periphery the aperture is more markedly trapezoidal. The pos- terior half of the anteperipheral area of the body-waorl is smooth. In this and some other respects this new species is the analogue of V. spinosus, Lamarck, but it is larger and less acute. In my ‘Gasteropods,” Part II., p. 154, V. anticingulatus is recorded from Murray Desert ; the specimen which served for that determination is not accessible to me, but, it 1s probable, it belongs to V. antispinosus. Dimensions.—Length, 48 mm.; width, 24 mm. Mitra diductua, spec. nov. M. dictua, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Aust., vol. XI., p. 138, t. 4, 9, 1889 (non. Ten.-Woods.) 108 The fossil figured by me, as quoted above, is from Murray Desert, though the description was drawn-up from a Muddy Creek authentic example of Jf. dictua, Ten.-Woods. A _ re- examination of the Tareena specimen, aided by others since acquired from Mindarie, satisfies me that my original determina- tion is wrong; that the Murray Desert shell is distinct from M. dictua, from which it differs by more cylindric shape and by the earlier whorls being without ornament. A similar species to the foregoing occurs in the Pliocene of the Dry. Creek and Croydon bores, near Adelaide; which is dis- tinguished from M. diductua by an antesutural sulcus, more or less punctuated, posterior to which there may be one or two linear sulcations (5 exs.); I name it AL. fodinalis. M. uniplica, M. dictua, M. diductua, and M. fodinalis are typical Mitre, constituting a group characterized by ill-developed or obsolete anterior columella-plications. Aneilla hebera, Hutton. The fossil referred to as A. pseudaustralis, var., in Trans. Roy. Soc., 8S. Aust., vol. XI., p. 148, t. 6, f. 13., I now consider to be an extremely large senile form of A. hebera (Three senile examples of varying size from Murray Desert). Cassis contusus, spec. nov. Plate i, fig. 1 a, b. This fossil is of the same shape as C. exiguus, though the apex is more slender and apiculate. The last whorl has three rows of nodulations, the posterior one is continuous to the labrum, the middle row does not reach so far, whilst the anterior row fades away at about the half distance between the last varix and the labrum. The posterior row of nodulations are fewer (fourteen) than in C. exiguws, and the antesutural crenatures are much wider than in that species. Whilst in the allied species the ornamentation consists of strong axial threads crossed by revolving strie; in C. contusus the axial ornament consists of irregular wrinklings, whilst the middle line of the interspaces between the nodulate rows is occupied by two or three spiral rows of impressions varying in outline from circular to rhombic ; a similar ornate band is anterior to the third nodulate row, and again around the base posterior to the snout. Dimensions.—Total length, 53 mm.; length of spire, 7 mm. peripheral diameter, 40 mm. Type unique. University Museum’ Sureula Vardoni, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 3 a, b. Fusiform ; spire pyramidal, acute, nearly as long as the aperture, terminating in a small obtuse pullus of two smooth whorls, the tip of which is laterally immersed. Ordinary spire- whorls six, separated by a linear suture, flatly convex ; the earlier whorls medially carinated or bicarinated coincident with the 109 fascia, and with fine spiral threads, more or less squamose by intersection with the growth striew, above and below the fascia. Body-whorl flatly convex, somewhat abruptly contracted into a moderately short, wide, shortly upturned canal. The fascia is 1:5 mm. wide, and is post-peripheral, but widely separated from the suture ; the post-fascial area is nearly smooth, the spiral and axial ornament of the earlier whorls being almost obliterated ; the anteperipheral area is furnished with about five stout sub- acute spiral ribs, the interspaces spirally lined ; the same kind of ornament, with weaker spiral ribs, but with more pronounced squamose spiral striz, is continued on to the base and snout. Aperture narrowly pyriform, outer lip thin, sinus apparently broad and short. The species would appear to. be common at both localities. Dimensions.—Length, 38°5 mm.; width, 16 mm.; length o aperture, 24°5 mm.; and width, 6 mm. The species-name is a compliment to Mr. Joseph Vardon, J.P.,. whose invaluable aid to the Council in his capacity of printer of the Transactions since 1879, is hereby personally acknowledged by me. Remarks.—Among described species of the Australian Ter- riaries, this new form makes a near approach to P. paracantha, Ten.-Woods, from which it differs by more conoidal shape, the absence of tubercles on the keel, and by having strong spiral ribs on the body-whorl. I consider the two species to be congeneric ; they both have the aspect of Lathytoma—aindeed, I had referred last year* P. paracantha to Bathytoma—but the columella-plica- tion is not developed, though there is a faint twist of the pillar. Whatever may be more correct generic location, there is no doubt that these two species abbreviate the differences which separate the one genus from the other. Cerithium Torrii, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 2. Shell cylindroid-turreted, fully five times as long as wide. Whorls flat, slightly imbricatirg at the suture, ornamented by stout, subactue, subflexuose axial ribs about twenty-four on each of the six anterior whorls; the ribs are interrupted at about one- fifth the breadth of the whorl from the posterior suture by a linear series of contusions in the interspaces, and the more anterior whorls are crossed by two or three slightly elevated spiral threads, which are feebly tuberculated at the intercrossing with the axial costee. The whole surface of each whorl is closely and minutely reticulate-lined. Dimensions.—The two examples under observation are imper- fect, both are wanting the apical part of the spire and the body * Proc. Roy. Soc., N.S.W., p. 398. 110 whorl. The less incomplete specimen has ten whorls in a length of 130 mm., and a maximum width of 31 mm., by estimate the total length is 160 mm. The other specimen has five and a-half turns in a length of 82 mm., including canal, with a breadth of 32 mm. Remarks.—I do not know of any species of Cerithoid shell, recent or fossil, with which to compare C. Torria; the imperfec- tion of the anterior part of the shell does not permit of an exact generic reference, though probably it may be to Potamides. The species name is in compliment to my malacological con- frere, Dr. Torr, whose assistance has so ably and heartily been given in furtherance of the present communication. Crassatella oblonga, 7'en.- Woods, The Murray Desert fossil, of which several examples have been under observation, is absolutely identical with the type shapes of the species so common at Table Cape, but the application of this name to specimens of Crassatella from the Pliocene of the Dry Creek Bore is wrong. Chione dimorphophylla, Tate, or sp. n. A unique example of a right valve of a Chione, though it much resembles C. dimorphophylla yet differs from that species sufficiently to suggest the probability of its specific distinctness ; but the possibility that the differences may represent extreme individual variation induces me to a non-committal course. As compared with the type, the ventral margin is more arched. the radial threads coarser and the concentric frills somewhat fewer (those of the medial region thick and obtuse, not thin and retroverted). SUPPLEMENTAL NOTE ON THE FORAMINIFERA. By WatrerR Howcnin, EF.G.S. Triloculina trigonula, Lamk. Miliolina cuvieriana, @’ Orb. Wy oblonga, Montag. . seminulum, Linn. Ne venusta, Kar. Planispirina agglutinans, d’Orb (sp.) Reophax, sp. Clavulina angularis, d’Orb. Lagena levis, Mont. ts striata, d’Orb. es sulcata, W. & J. Nodosaria scalaris, Balsch. . ‘ + 5 ' -s ve iy b Vol X X11. Plate. 1. VARDON €- PRITCHARD Prt Cristellaria, sp. Polymorphina communis, @’Orb. a elegantissima, P. & J. Discorbina orbicularis, Zerg. Truncatulina margaritifera, Br. i ungeriana, d’Orb. Pulvinulina elegans, d@’Orb. Polystomella crispa, Linn. a macella, /. & M. The commonest species in the material is Polystomella macella, but the examples exhibit feeble development which may have been caused by unfavourable conditions. The list is not in any way distinctive, the occurrences being of species which have a wide distribution, but has perhaps a closer affinity to the Older rather than the Newer Tertiaries. Of the ten species of Forami- nifera observed from the Dry Creek Bore (Older Pliocene), only two are represented in the above lists. The material was, how- ever, widely different in each case, that from Dry Creek being somewhat coarse quartzose sand, whilst that now reported upon was fine and calcareous.— W.H. The paucity of numbers of species may be accounted for by the very small quantity (a thimbleful) of material submitted for examination. EXPLANATIONS TO PLATE I. Figs, 1, a.b. Cassis contusus ; two views, nat. size. 2. Cerithium Tor7i, nat. size. 3. Surcula Vardoni; a, nat. size; b, enlarged view of protoconch. 4. Fusus trivialis, nat. size. 5, a.b. Volutilithes antispinosus ; two views, nat. size. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF CORALS FROM THE AUSTRALIAN TERTIARIES. By J. Dennant, F.G.S., Hon, Fellow. Parr. WITH PLATES IL., IIL [Read June 6, 1899. ] It will, I think, be ultimately found that the Australian Tertiaries are specially rich in corals. So far nearly 60 species have been described, almost solely by Professor M. Duncan and the Rev. J. T. Woods, but the unnamed ones in collectors’ hands are still numerous. In addition to my own gatherings, the material available in- cludes contributions from Professor Tate and Mr. J. Mulder, who have generously allowed me to select what I chose from their cabinets. A revision of the forms described by previous authors is also desirable, and will be undertaken when further examples of the various genera represented have been discussed. In the present paper I deal with seven species, which are included under five genera and two families. FAMILY TURBINOLIDZ. GENUS FLABELLUM. Flabellum Gippslandicum, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 1 a, b. The corallum is compact in substance, of varying height, some- times tall in relation to its breadth, straight, much compressed, and wedge-shaped. The sides are rounded and slightly inclined to the base, the angle subtended being about 10°. The anterior and posterior surfaces are flattened, and also inclined to each other at a similar angle. The base is crescent-shaped and much eroded ; not unusually the horns of the crescent are slightly prolonged outward, The calice is shallow and elliptical, with the plane of the shorter axis somewhat higher than that of the longer; the two axes of the ellipse are as 100 to 44. There are five cycles of © septa with six systems, of which only the two central ones are complete ; in the figured calice the septa number 76. The first three orders are stout and equal; the higher orders diminish both 113 in length and thickness, the fifth being very short and thin. All the orders are wavy, and, with the exception of the highest, show several radiating rows of granules on their sides. The fossa is long, narrow, and abruptly descending. Most specimens have the wall of the corallum broken off level with the columella, which is formed by the fused ends of the principal septa ; but in more perfect examples the columella is either not visible or can be just seen deep down in the fossa. The coste are subequal in size, closely-set, and correspond to the septa. Asa rule, they are almost concealed by the epitheca, but when this has been worn off by fossilization they are distinct on the sides of the corallum. In well-preserved examples the epitheca is dense, and shows chevron-marked ridges running parallel with the convex calicular margin. Height of corallum (figured example), 31 mm.; length of calice, 16 mm.; breadth of calice, 7 mm. Locality.—Abundant in the Miocene beds of the Gippsland Lakes area, Victoria. This coral is allied to # Victorig, Duncan, but is more com- pressed and much larger. It has besides an extra cycle of septa. Flabellum fastigatum, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 2 a, 0. The corallum is elliptico-conical in shape, and tapers regularly from the summit to a very small pedicel at the base. The angle subtended by the lateral borders of the corallum is about 30°, and that by the middle line of the faces about 18°. The calice is elliptical and deeply excavated. The two axes of the ellipse are as 100 to 56. The septa are slender and straight ; they have dentated edges, and their sides are ornamented with rows of small rounded granules. They are in six systems, with four cycles. The two central systems only are complete, those at the ends wanting either a secondary or tertiary, and also one or more of the quater- nary septa. The primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries are well developed and equal; the quaternaries are nearly as long, but thinner and less prominent from the wall. The inner borders of the principal septa are perpendicular, and enclose a narrow, deep, and elongate fossa, at the bottom of which is the columella; this is formed by the thickened and fused ends of the septa of all four orders. Only one of my examples shows a deep central fossula in the calice, the others, as is frequently the case with fossil Plabella, having the corallum broken off or worn to the level of the columella. The wall is thin towards the calicular margin, but becomes stout inferiorly. The principal costz are prominent on the surface of the corallum as medially furrowed and slightly raised ridges, which H 114 correspond to the three first orders of septa. There are no cost of the fourth order. The ridges which constitute the lateral cost are larger than the others, and can be traced almost to the terminal pedicel ; two or three of those on the middle of the faces reach as far, but the remainder are successively cut off by the lateral slope of the cone. All become less conspicuous as they approach the base. The epitheca is strong aud continuous on the surface of the corallum ; it forms a transverse ornament of wavy lines both on the costz and their interspaces. Height, 30 mm.; length of calice, 18 mm.; breadth of calice, 10 mm. Locality.— Rare in the Eocene cliffs at Spring Creek, 13 miles south of Geelong, Victoria. Flabellum eurtum, spec. nov. PI. iii., fig. 3 a, b. The corallum is compressed, especially inferiorly, and in outline almost an equilateral triangle, of which the upper margin repre- sents the base, and the short swollen pedicel the apex ; its lateral borders are gently rounded. The calice is shallow and elliptical, the ratio of the axes of the ellipse being as 100 to 52; the plane of the shorter axis is considerably higher than that of the longer, and the summits of the faces are consequently much arched. The septa are granulated, slightly curved, and faintly waved . on their upper margins. They are in six systems, with five cycles, four only of which are developed in the end systems. Rach of the latter contains two principal septa, viz., the primary and either the secondary or one of the tertiaries; the higher orders are present, but correspondingly few in number. The half calice figured shows only two quinaries in the end systems instead of four, none being developed on either side of the quaternaries which flank the middle system. In other calices examined the quinaries are present in these spaces, but are wanting on the sides of the adjoining quaternaries at the extremities of the middle system. For the three systems figured there are 28 septa, or 56 for the entire calice. The primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries are stout and equal, and bound a moderately broad and deep axial fossa; the quaternaries are nearly as long, but much thinner, while the quinaries are still smaller and very short. The inner margins of the principal septa are vertical in the fossa and strongly wrinkled ; they are free for a considerable distance down, and then unite by stoutish, twisted processes to form a rudimentary columella. The costee are marked on the surface by broad rugose bands with narrow interspaces, and radiate from the pedicel to the arched margin. They are of equal width for their inferior two- ——— ee a a oe 115 thirds, when the more central ones divide into pairs up to the margin, the division line between each pair being faint. The cost visible superiorly correspond to the septa. The epitheca is rough, dense, and persistent ; it forms broad convex bands here and there on the surface. running parallel with the calicular margin, and most distinct in the interspaces of the coste. Height, including pedicel, 11 mm.; length of calice. 10°5 mm.; breadth of calice, 5° mm. All the examples found are practic- ally uniform in size. Locality.—Tolerably numerous in the Miocene beds of the Gippsland Lakes area. GENUS PLACOTROCHUS. Placotrochus corniculatus, spec. nov. Pl. ii., figs. 3 a, b. The corallum is horn-shaped, smooth, and finely pedicellate. In young specimens there is a slight constriction just above the pedicel. The wall is thin at the summit, but becomes stouter inferiorly. The epitheca is strong, and is marked by transverse wavy ridges and lines, which are most numerous in the upper half of the coral, and reach the calicular margin. The calice is shallow and elliptical, but the relative lengths of the major and minor axes of the ellipse are not constant in the species. Thus in three examples measured the axes are respectively as 10U to 64, 100 to 72, and 100 to 82. The septa are slightly exsert and most symmetrically disposed. They are in six systems, with four complete cycles; the primaries and secondaries are moderately stout and equal, the remaining orders becoming successively smaller. Though straight as regards their main direction, the septa are strongly waved and wrinkled, especially the primaries and secondaries for the inner two-thirds of their course. Perpendicular rows of moderate-sized, pointed granules are alternately placed on either side of the septa of the first and second orders, the summit of each successive fold carry- ing, as a rule, a single row of granules. Occasional granules also occur on the septa of higher order. The columella is a straight, thin, and short lamella with rounded margins, and projects distinctly from the bottom of the fossa. The costz correspond to the septa. The primary lateral costa on the convex curve of the corallum forms a strong well-marked ridge, which in some specimens is nodose. Other less prominent ridges mark the secondary and the remaining five primary coste. In the spaces between the ridges, which are barely concave, the tertiaries and quaternaries are indicated by faint lines. Height, 20 mm.; longer axis of calice (type), 9 mm.; shorter axis, 6°5 mm. 116 Locality.—Kocene clays of the Adelaide bore, South Australia. Collected by Professor Tate. GENUS PARACYATHUS. Paracyathus Tasmanicus, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 4 a, b. The corallum is almost, occasionally quite, straight, and cylindro-conical in shape. with an expanded calice and a very broad flat base, which affords evidence of having been attached to a foreign substance. The calice is elliptical and concave, with a deep central fossa. The relative lengths of the major and minor axes of the ellipse are as 100 to 86. The costz are continuous with the septa, and more conspicuous in the superior than in the inferior portion of the corallum. The epitheca is pellicular and thin. The septa have rounded upper margins, and are thickest at the wall, above which they rise to varying heights, according to cyclical order. They are in six systems, with four cycles. In the example figured the quaternaries are wanting for half of one system ; another example shows the systems all complete. The primaries and secondaries are sub-equal in size, and the higher orders become successively both smaller and shorter. All the septa have numerous pointed granules on their sides. There are distinct pali before all the orders except the last, the youngest reaching higher in the calice than the secondaries, and these again than the primaries. Several smaller pali towards the base of the fossa are hardly distinguishable from the papilli of the columella. Both the pali and the columella are well preserved in the figured calice, which belongs to an aged example, but the septa are worn and largely connected by growth rings. In fact, the outer portion of the septal area is much filled up by calcareous matter, to which Lindstrém has applied the term stereoplasma. That the presence of this in such a position in the calice is not of classificatory importance is insisted upon by Duncan,* and its occurrence in the fossil coral here described fully supports his views. Two other examples (one of which is the corallum figured) have the septa perfect, and the calices entirely free from any such growth; but as in both cases the pali were partly broken down in clearing the fossa from sediment, their calices would not serve so well for illustrating the characteristic features of the species. Other poorly preserved specimens are also to hand, several of which are free from stereoplasma, while one or two of them show its presence to some extent. * Revision of the Families and Genera of the Madreporaria. Journal Linn. Soc., Zoology, vol. XVIII., p. 27, 1884. 117 Height of corallum figured (young example), 9 mm.; diameters of its calice, 7 and 6 mm. respectively ; diameters of calice figured (aged example), longest 10°5 mm., shortest 9 mm. In the corallum of the latter the base is broken off, but the remaining portion is still 11 mm. high. Locality.—Table Cape, Tasmania (Eocene). Fairly common, but usually worn. Collected by Professor Tate and J. Dennant. This coral much resembles P. swpracostatus, mihi. Its morc exsert septa and difference in shape entitle it, I think, to specifie rank. GENUS STEPHANOTROCHUS, Moseley, 1881. Corallum dense and compact in substance, cup-shaped or saucer-shaped, with trace of early attachment, usually with well- developed cost, bearing a succession of small spines, with widely open capacious fossa. Septa usually extremely exsert, the exsert quinaries, or quaternaries, where these are not present, lying next to the primaries, higher than the tertiaries or equal to them. Columella absent or little prominent. Four species of corals dredged by the Challenger Expedition, viz., three in the Atlantic and one off the coast of New South Wales, were at first referred by Professor Moseley to the genus Ceratotrochus. In his later special Monograph, however, he instituted the above genus for their reception. I have now to draw attention to a fossil coral from the Australian Eocene, which exhibits the essential characteristics of Moseley’s genus. Stephanotrochus Tatei, spec. nov. PI. iii., figs. 1 a, b, c. The corallum is saucer-shaped, but so shallow as to be almost discoia. Adult examples are compact in substance and free, but younger ones, besides being much thinner, show a small, rounded, and slightly depressed scar of former attachment. The base is flat and roughly hexagonal in outline. The hexagonal angles are opposite the primary costz, from each of which a long, stout, but gradually tapering spine projects obliquely downward (approximate angle with base, 145°), so that the coral when placed upon a flat surface rests on the points of six equidistant spiny processes. The basal edges bend gently round to form the wall of the corallum at an angle which varies in different individuals from 45° to about 60°. The voste, which are continuations of the septa, are prominent on the sides of the corallum, and covered with transverse rows of granules, which give them a serrated appearance. On the base they are either obsolete or just traceable as slightly raised lines, the primaries and secondaries being more persistent than the rest. (It should be noted that the parallel bars shown in the centre of the base figured have no significance, and are absent in similarly worn 118 specimens). In full grown individuals the base, coste, and spines are covered by a dense epitheca ; younger ones have the epitheca thin and delicate. The calice is large, open, and scarcely concave; like the base it is hexagonal in outline, each angle being marked by the strong projection of a primary, and its two adjacent quinary septa. From the latter, the wall curves in- wards towards the secondaries, where there is another, but much smaller projection. The septa are in six systems, with five cycles; all extend beyond the wall in varying degrees, the primaries the most. In plan they exhibit the same pecularities as were noted by Moseley in the case of the recent S. nobilis. The diagram given by him in the Challenger Report of a complete system in the recent form can, in fact, be cited as almost exactly representing the septal scheme of the fossil one. Of the four quaternaries in each system, the two nearest the primaries, besides being slightly thicker than the others, bend towards and join the tertiaries at from half to two-thirds from the wall ; each half system is, in fact, trisected by these two connected septa, so that the tertiaries are, according to the theoretical order of cyclical development, unsymmetrically placed. The quaternaries adjoining the secondaries are straight and free, and approximately equal to the quinaries. Only four of the latter are present in each system instead of eight, viz., between each pair of connected septa, and flanking the primaries; on either side of the free quaternaries they are absent. In the type calice, the bent quaternary and the quinary between it and the adjoining tertiary are wanting for half of one of the systems. The principal septa increase gradually in thickness according to order as they approach the wall, especially the primaries, which become very stout; beyond it they taper off rapidly. The higher orders are just slightly thickened at the wall. The primaries and the quinaries next them are very exsert at the margin of the calice, where, also, the latter are joined to the former by a prolongation of the wall. A similar union of the free quaternaries with the secondary septa is also noticeable. The costal tubercles proceeding from the base are really lateral continuations of the exsert primaries, and mark as it were the framework on which the coral is built ; together they give it a most characteristic appearance. For the most part the superior portions of the septa are broken off in the specimens, but from occasional intact ones still left, it is apparent that in life all of them rose as fan-shaped structures of varying height near the wall. The primaries, secondaries, tertiaries, and bent quater- naries are hollowed out, and deeply notched in their middle portions, and then rise again in one or more smaller elevations, : | 119 also fan-shaped, nearer the centre of the fossa. The more central of these elevations are subequal in height, and might, perhaps, in a choked calice be mistaken for pali. It is only necessary to examine a specimen free from adhering sediment to see that they are integral parts of the septa, and not pali. All the septa have granules on their sides, which, especially on the surtace of the fans, are arranged in a radiating manner; their upper edges are rendered very irregular from the presence nee and there of little knobs and excrescences. The primary, secondary, and tertiary septa extend to the cen- tre of the calice, but before reaching it, they are twisted, often fused together, and all connected by much tortuous calcareous matter, having raised papilli on its surface. The columella so formed is therefore parietal only, but it occupies a large space in the calice. The type specimen, which is an exceptionally well-preserved one, measures 18 mm. across the primary septa, and 14°5 inm. where narrowest; diameter of base midway between the hexagonal angles, 13 mm. ; thickness through the centre of coral, 3°) mm. A spine with point broken off is 5 mm. long. The dimensions of a larger but worn specimen are :— Diameter of calice, 24 and 21 mm. ; and of base, 15 mm.; length of spine, also broken, 8 mm. Locality.—Tolerably abundant in the Eocene cliffs at Spring Creek, 13 miles south of Geelong, Victoria. This elegant coral is quite unlike any other in the Australian tertiaries, but is closely allied to one from New Zealand, which was doubtfully identitied by Ten.-Woods with Trochocyathus (1) Mantelli, Milne-Edwards. The latter has also basal tubercules, while the quinaries which respectively flank the stout primary and secondary septa are fused to them at the wall. A drawing of its base only was published by Mantell in 1850, and the above tentative name was added by Milne-Edwards. Woods’ species is probably the same, but in the fragment described and figured by him pali were supposed to be present. An example, however, from the Waitaki River, in the Museum of the University of Adelaide, which has been placed in my hands, shows no pali, but only raised structures on the upper central margin of the septa just as in S. Tatez, and I therefore conclude that it should also be referred to Moseley’s genus Stephanotrochus. FAMILY EUPSAMMID. Before describing the next species, a few preliminary remarks upon the characteristics of the genus 7’rematotruchus, in which I place it, are necessary. 120 In the original diagnosis of this genus by Ten.-Woods,* pali were supposed to be present, but the structures observed are merely the lobed or thickened ends of some of the principal septa. By Duncan they are called paliform lobes or dentations around the axial space. An amendment of the genus proposed by the latter authort was based upon Woods’ drawings and description of 7’. fenestratus, the only species then known. To him is due the recognition of a third cycle of rudimentary septa answering to the third cycle of well developed cost, but in some other respects his description is incorrect and misleading. The perforated wall, which is questioned by him, is, nevertheless, undoubted, and forms an essential characteristic of the genus. In regard to this I entirely concur with Woods, who remarks— “The pores go right through the wall; in fact, as the pores are very large, the portion of the wall which separates them becomes little more than a flat transverse bar.” I may add as confirmatory of his conclusion, that a longitudinal section of the coral, pre- pared so as to leave a portion of the wall intact, admits light freely through the pores. Duncan follows Woods in stating that there is no columella. As further detail, he adds—<“ The septa, which are large and equal, extend close to the axial space, and form a tube-like space.” The equality of the septa is evident enough from Woods drawings, his assertion to the contrary in the accompanying description being a mistake. The tube-like space is, however, not vacant, as might perhaps be inferred, but filled with hard nodular tissue, which, uniting with the septal ends, forms a columella. This is visible also in transverse sections of the corallum, cut either near the upper surface or close to the base. As to which of the two principal orders of septa should be considered the primary is not easily decided. I am inclined to reverse the order of development assigned to them by both the authorities quoted. In the new species described below, the lobed septa are, I judge, those of the second order. Notwithstanding its perforated wall, the genus was placed by its author among the Turbinolide on account of its supposed analogies with certain genera in that family. The second species referred to shows, however, in addition to a distinctly perforated wall, a regular fusing together of certain septa in each system at some distance from the margin, as in the genera of the Eupsammide. I can, in fact, see no reason for the retention of the genus in the Aporosa Section of the Madreporaria, and place it instead under the Perforata. The regular perforations in the * Proc. Royal Soc., New South Wales, vol. XII., 1878, p. 59, fig. 2. + Revision of Madreporaria. Jour. Linn. Soc., Zoology, vol. XVIIL, pp. 20, 21. i= ————— 12] wall of Z’rematotrochus are well-represented by the radial pores on the base of Stephanophyllia. In the following revised diagnosis of the genus I have noted what appear to be its essential attributes. Genus Trematorrocuus, 7’, Woods (emend), Corallum simple, conical, free. Calice circular or elliptical with distinct margin. Costz prominent. Septa in six systems, solid, and continuous with coste. The inner ends of some are lobed and united to hard nodular tissue, which occupies the axial space and constitutes the columella. The highest cycle of septa is small or even rudimentary and corresponds to well developed cost. Wall incomplete in the intercostal spaces, which are regularly fenestrated. Neithere ndotheca nor synapticule present. No pitheca. Trematotrochus Clarkii spec. nov. PI. iii, figs. 2 a, d. The corallum is smali and roundly conical in shape. It. is slightly contracted at the calice, which is circular, with a sub- plane surface. The septa are in six systems with four cycles. The primaries are free and of nearly the same thickness throughout. I select these as primary because they are continued on the wall by coste which evidently constitute the original framework of the coral. Usually there is but one tertiary developed in each system and this joins the secondary at from one-third to a half from the wall. A single one of my specimens shows two tertiaries in four of the systems, the additional one present aiso joining the neighbouring secondary. Before uniting, the tertiaries and secondaries equal the primaries in thickness, but their fused portions are much stouter. In most examples, as in the one figured, there are thus 18 equal septa at the margin of the calice, but in the exceptional one mentioned there are 22. In all cases, however, the inter- spaces are approximately equal. Each of these is at the circum- ference medially divided by a cycle of rudimentary septa just as in 7. fenestratus. These are very small, and, in fact, only occasionally visible in the calice as extremely short needle-like spikes. The septa of the three first orders are solid, exsert, and minutely granular on their sides ; the secondaries are much lobed and indented in their thickened portions. The columella is formed by hard nodular tissue, which occupies a small but well marked area between the opposite ends of the principal septa at the centre of the calice. The secondaries, and the primaries also in well preserved examples, unite with it, the thickened and lobed ends of the former rising slightly above its upper surface. It is continuous downward nearly, if not quite, 122 to the base of the corallum. In a young example lately collected, about two-thirds of the upper portion of the fossil has been worn away by fossilization, and at the bottom there is still a prominent columella. The cost are continuous with the septa, and thus vary in number exactly as these do. Including the quaternaries the total number of costz is normally 36, but in the example men- tioned with four extra tertiary septa, 44 separate coste were counted at the upper margin of the wall, there being a quater- nary in every interspace of the other cycles. The primaries are distinct and free right to the base ; the tertiaries unite with the secondaries at varying heights on the wall from about two-thirds below the summit to quite close to the base. These three orders. of cost are stout and subequal in size, the primaries becoming, perhaps, slightly the stouter towards the base. The coste of the fourth order are always weli developed, and about half as thick as the others; they meet either the secondaries or the tertiaries at heights on the wall which vary considerably in the several systems. The intercostal spaces, which towards the upper margin of the corallum equal the cost, are crossed by thin transverse bars, between which there is a series of regular pores similar to those in 7’. fenestratus ; they are, of course, most conspicuous in the upper part of the corallum, where the intercostal spaces are widest. In the young example referred to above with worn and excavated calice, the pores are visible on the inner as well as the outer surface of the wall. Towards the margin of the calice also in most examples the complete perforation of the wall is plainly seen. Altitude, 5 mm.; greatest diameter of corallum, 4 mm. ; diameter of calice, 3 mm. Locality.—Tolerably abundant in Miocene beds at Mississipi Creek, Gippsland Lakes area. Twelve examples. The species name is in compliment to Mr. Donald Clark, from whom I received my first specimen. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Puate II. 1. Flabellum Gippslandicum—a, corallum, nat. size ; b, calice, 3 diam. 2. Flabellum fastigatum—a, corallum, nat. size; b, calice, 2 diam. 8 Placotrochus corniculatus—a, corallum, 1°5 diam.; 6, calice, 4 diam. 4. Paracyathus Tasmanicus—a, corallum, 2°5 diam.; b, calice, 5 diam. PLATE III. 1. Stephanotrochus Tatci—a, corallum, 2 diam. ; b, base, 2 diam.; ¢, calice, 3 diam. 2. Trematotrochus Clarkii—a, corallum, 6 diam.; }, calice, 10 diam. _ 2 Flabellum curtum—a, corallum, 2 diam.; 5, calive, 3 diam., showing three systems. Vol XXIII. Platell = = sat) be Vol XXIII. Plate. III. = sees pees Eee ot ee met So ; | LTavewarr a J Dewnanr Duer FB bith PRELIMINARY NOTES ON PHASCOLONUS GIGAS, Owen [PHASCOLOMYS (PHASCOLONUS) GIGAS, Owen], AND ITS IDENTITY WITH SCEPARNODON RAMSAYI, Owen. By E. C. Stirune, M.D., F.R.S., C.M.Z.S., Director, and A. H. C. Zietz, F.LS., C.M.Z.S., Assistant-Director, South Australian Museum. [Read July 4. 1899.] INTRODUCTION. In 1872 Sir Richard Owen described, under the designation of Phascolomys gigas,* certain fragments of mandibles of a large extinct wombat-like animal. At the same time he suggested for it the name Phascolonus if, thereafter, it should be found neces- sary to confer on it generic or subgeneric distinction. In 1883 the same writer ascribed certain peculiar adze-like teeth to Scepornodon ramsayi,i the generic name having been suggested by Dr. Rainsay, then Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney, who had transmitted casts of the teeth in question. In the following notes we desire to show— (1) That the teeth, in question, ascribed to Sceparnodon ramsayi are the upper incisors of Phascolonus (Phascolomys) gigas ; and (2) That Owen’s anticipation, that a more extended examina- tion of the remains of the animal] to which his fossils belonged might prove to be generically distinct from Phascolomys, is fulfilled. We shall therefore adopt definitely the name Phascolonus which Owen’s prevision led him to suggest and which thus caused him to bracket it with that of Phascolomys in the index to his volumes on the Extinct Mammals of Australia. The probable correctness of this anticipation has already been to some extent recognised for, in the British Museum Catalogue of Fossil Mam- *Phil. Trans. R. Soc. of London, vol. CLXII. (1872), pp. 248—258. Extiact Mamm. of Australia, pp. 346—355. + Vide footnote to above papers, pp. 251 and 348 respectively. + Phil. Trans., vol. CLXXV. (1884), pp. 245—248. 124 malia, Part V. (Lydekker, 1887), p. 157, Sceparnodon appears as a synonym of the definitely established genus Phascolonus ; so also a similar view has been adopted in Mammals Living and Extinct (Flower and Lydekker) p. 146. Elsewhere* Lydekker has stated the reasons on which he bases his conclusions as to the generic identity of the two forms. On the other hand their identity has been disputed by DeVis,7 who, in the latter of the two communications referred to, describes and figures, as the real incisor of Phascolonus, a tooth of a form very different to that ascribed by Owen to Sceparnodon ; but whatever this tooth may be, it is certainly not that of Owen’s Phascolonus. In the light of DeVis’ statements, Lydekker expresses himself more doubtfully on the subject in his later work, ‘‘ Marsupials and Monotremes,” 1894, p. 266. The very complete evidence afforded by the Callabonna re- mains will, now however, finally decide the point in favour of identity. { As regards the first proposition the assertion rests on the clear evidence afforded by the Callabonna discovery.§ Amongst these remains, and associated with others of the same animal, were two mandibles, nearly complete except as to the upper two-thirds of the ascending ramus, which corresponded exactly to those of Owen’s Phascoiomys (Phascolonus) gigas. One of these mandibles belongs to other fragments which, together, make up a large por- tion of the cranium. Fortunately the maxillary portion is included and in this are implanted a nearly perfect pair of the adze-like teeth in question, these having precisely the same characters as, though they are rather larger than, those ascribed to Sceparnodon by Owen. Of this pair the left allows its length to be taken from the chisel edge for a length of 160 mm. along its convexity to its broken implanted end. The right tooth has lost one inch of its anterior extremity but has preserved about that amount more of the implanted end than its fellow. Thus we may be sure that the whole length of the perfect tooth must have been at least 180 mm. but it was probably not much more, as the considerable amount of pulp cavity exposed at the broken implanted end of the right tooth indicates that its posterior limits had been nearly reached. This limit corresponds to a vertical drawn through the upper premolar. The width of these teeth * Proc. R. Soc. vol. XLIX., 1891, p. 60. + Froc. Linn. Soc. of N.S.W., 1891, vol. VI. (2), pt. 2, p. 258, and vol. VITL., 1893 (2), pt. 1, p. 11. t For a review of various opinions that have been expressed on this question vide an article by Dun in the Records Geol. Survey of New South Wales, vol. IITI., 1892, p. 25. § Nature, vol. L., 1894, pp. 184 and 206. 125 is 38 mm. both at their anterior and posterior ends. An apparently nearly perfect isolated tooth from the same locality has the very similardimensions of 182 mm. and 39mm. foritslength and breadth, respectively, and in this it can be seen that the width is preserved, with almost absolute uniformity, throughout its whole extent. The thickness in the mid-longitudinal line of the tooth, just posterior to the bevel of the cutting edge, is 8 mm. which, at the somewhat thickened lateral borders, is increased to 10 mm. These measurements, also, apply along the whole length of the tooth. Thus it will be seen that the Callabonna teeth are somewhat larger than those that came under the notice of Owen. No other incisors exist in the upper jaw. The restoration of the skull has not been completed, but the large fragment which contains the pair of upper incisors contains also on each side a complete molar series of phascolomydian type. Of this the antero-posterior length, measured along the grinding surfaces, is 114mm. In an old Phascolomys mitchelli and a young adult P. latifrons the corresponding lengths are 53 mm. and 49 mm. respectively. In Phascolomys mitchelli the section of the upper premolar is sub-triangular and its inner side is indented by a distinct longi- tudinal groove which imperfectly defines a small anterior lobe from a larger posterior ; in P. latifrons scarcely a trace of such a groove exists and the section approximates to a quadrate figure. In Phascolonus gigas the bilobate character of this tooth is more distinctly evident both by the sharper definition of the groove and by the greater relative size of the anterior lobe, the transverse width of which, however, still falls considerably short of that of the posterior. On the outer side of the tooth there is a barely evident longitudinal depression which can barely be called a groove. The antero-posterior length of the premolar grinding surface is to the succeeding molar as 19 to 24. Of the true molars W/. 1 and WZ. 2 are the largest of the series and approximately equal in size; J/. 3 is distinctly smaller. both in length and breadth and in all three the lobes are approxi- mately equal. The posterior, or fourth, molar is unequally bilobed and is still more reduced in size—it is in fact smaller than the premolar. The reduction chiefly affects the posterior lobe but it is also shared by the anterior. The inferiority of size of the last molar is, also, a character in both Phascolomys mitchelli and P. latifrons, but in the latter the two lobes are more nearly of equal size than in the former, where the anterior division has remained relatively larger. Of the twospecimens of lower jaw which are included amongst the remains one comprises the united horizontal rami with the 126 dental series complete, but nearly the whole of the ascending rami are missing ; the other is a similar, though somewhat less complete, fragment having lost, in addition to the ascending rami, that part of the symphysis in advance of the premolars, in which the incisors were implanted. Of these fragments it is sufficient, for the object of this com- munication, to state that they correspond pro tanto to Owen’s descriptions and they thus indicate a rather closer resemblance, on the whole, to the latifront than tothe platyrrhine species of living wombat. We must postpone our remarks upon the remainder of the skull until it shall have been more completely restored. Passing now to a brief notice of the bones of the appendicular skeleton, in which we shall dwell rather upon departures from than upon agreements with the phascolomydian type, we may say that they are without exception of an extraordinarily massive character, as will be more particularly indicated by the length and breadth dimensions to be subsequently given. SCAPULA. Length* (from tip of coracoid process to base at junction of spine, 295 mm.; the breadth owing to mutilation cannot be given. Length of glenoid cavity, 85 mm.; the breadth cannot be stated. ‘Phascolomys latifrons:—Length of Scapula, 116 mm.; of glenoid cavity, 25 mm. In the one specimen of this bone which we possess there have been preserved the whole length of that portion of the body from which springs the spine, the greater part of the spine itself (exclusive of the acromion), the neck, glenoid cavity (somewhat damaged) and coracoid process. Such parts of this bone as permit of comparison reveal phascolomydian features, the chief noticeable difference being that, in the fossil, the coracoid process, on to the base of which the glenoid surface extends as it does in the wombat, is not as in the latter deflected in the direction of the subscapular fossa. HUMERUS. Maximum length, 238 mm.; maximum breadth (between epicondyles), 126 mm. Wombat :—Length, 105 mm.; breadth, 48 mm. *In each case the length given is the distance between the transverse parallels of the two extreme points. The breadth is that of the widest part of the bone, the position of which will be indicated. For comparison the corresponding measurements in a young but fully grown Phascolomys jatifrons will be also stated. 127 This bone is represented by one almost perfect specimen ; another lacking only the ect-epicondyle and the corresponding part of the distal articular surface, and a third comprising the ent-epicondylar moiety. While preserving many typical phas- colomydian characters, it nevertheless does not possess an ent-epicondylar foramen; a very shallow emargination of the internal border, however, exists at the level of the lower end of the deltoid ridge. The ent-epicondyle itself is relatively less internally produced than in the wombat, so that there is less asymmetry in the disposition of the two sides of the distal extremity. The insertional line of the pectoralis, which in the wombat forms a low, almost linear, ridge, is, in Phascolonus, a prominent angular crest the presence of which confers a distinct angularity upon the section of the bone in this region ; the lower end of this crest, moreover, where it meets the deltoid ridge, forms a some- what swollen tuberosity in place of, as in the wombat, a simple angle of meeting. Though we can only refer to Owen’s plate of the humerus of Nototherium,* the prominence of the pectoral ridge in Phas- colonus suggests an approximation to this conspicuous feature in the former fossil. The angular ridge, which in the wombat extends obliquely from the angle of junction of the pectoral and deltoid ridges to become continuous with the proximal end of the ent-epicondylar bridge, is, in Phascolonus, represented by its upper part only, which soon subsides upon the general thenal surface of the shaft, and its direction, moreover, in the latter case, is vertical or in a line with the middle of the gap batween the radial and ulnar moities of the inferior articular surface. RADIUS. [Represented by one complete bone and the proximal half of another. | Length, 174 mm.; breadth (at widest part of distal end), 44mm, Wombat :—Length, 100 mm.; breadth, 21 mm. The contour of the head more nearly approaches a circular figure in Phascolonus than in Phascolomys, which feature is partly due to a somewhat less degree of flattening of its anconal aspect. In the wombat the proximal border of that part of the head which is applied to the lesser sigmoid cavity reaches to a slightly higher level than does that of the opposite side ; in Phascolonus the conditions are reversed. The interos- seous ridge, thetop limit of which in the fossil reaches to the level of the lower edge of the bicipital tuberosity, is very prominent and rough so that the shaft of the bone is at its broadest at a point * Extinct Mamm. of Australia, Pl. cxxvii., Text p. 517. 128 about half an inch below the tuberosity. From this point the width gradually declines until the shaft begins to broaden again into the distal expansion. In the wombat, on the other hand, the shaft is at its narrowest just below the tuberosity, thence gradually widening towards the lower end. In the fossil the bicipital tuberosity is proportionately smaller but more promi- nent and relatively more distant from the head than in the wombat. ULNA. {One specimen which lacks the lesser sigmoid cavity and (excepting its upper lip) that part of the greater cavity which is applied to the radial division of the distal humeral articulation. The styloid process, also, is not quite complete, but this is perfect in a second fragment comprising the lower half of the bone. | Length, 250 mm.; breadth (across thenal surface at level of inner division of humeral articular surface), 95 mm. Wombat :—Length, 135 mm.; breadth, 29 mm. To an immense olecranon process, which is proportionately larger than that of Phascolomys, is added, in Phascolonus, a marked production thenad of the proximo-thenal angle, the effect being to produce, in the region lying between the tip of the olecranon and the thenal side of the sigmoid cavity, a much more marked depression than exists in the corresponding part of the ulna of the wombat. The anconal surface both of the olecranon and shaft is traversed for nearly their whole length by a distinct, broad but shallow groove which, in the wombat, is scarcely apparent. The styloid process in the fossil is very distinctly semi-oviform with a marked inflection thenad ; in the wombat it is nearly circular in contour and obtusely conical in form. CARPUS. [Of the Carpus the cuneiform (one specimen), pisiform (two specimens), and unciform (two complete and three fragmentary specimens), only, are represented. | The first named combines phascolomydian and diprotodontoid features ;* the pisiform almost exactly repeats on an enlarged scale the characters of this bone in the wombat, and is thus unlike that of Diprotodon ; the unciform, which possesses a large unciform process, is also chiefly phascolomydian in its characters. The carpal bones reveal an even greater proportionate size, when compared to those of the wombat, than do the long bones. * A description of the manus and pes of Diprotodon australis, forming part I. of vol. I. of the Memoirs of the Royal Society of South Australia, is now in the press, 129 Thus, in a pisiform of Phascolonus, the length and breadth are 52 mm. and 33 mm. respectively as against 16 mm. and 10 mm. in the latifront species. FEMUR. |One nearly complete bone and a fragment comprising the lower end. | Length, 338 mm.; breadth (transverse width of upper end between head and great tzochanter), 152 mm. Wombat :—Length, 133 mm.; breadth, 43 mm. Diprotodontoid features are conspicuous in this bone. They are to be seen in the width of the upper extremity ; the egg- or pear- shaped outline of the head (when viewed proximally) owing to the production of its articular surface on to the neck ; the eleva- tion of the head to a considerably higher level than the summit of great trochanter, though not to the degree that obtains in Macropus; want of elevation of the lesser trochanter; the marked fore-and-aft flattening of the shaft and upper end, par- ticularly of the great trochanter; absence of the popliteal depres- sion, the plane of the hinder surface of the shaft being continued into the intercondyloid groove, and the anterior production of the fore part of the inner condyle. In the wombat the contour of the head, from the proximal point of view, is much more nearly circular, though there is here, too, some slight extension of its articular surface on to the neck,; the height of the great trochanter barely exceeds that of the head and it is less compressed ; the small trochanter forms a prominent and compressed ridge, and the shaft is nearly cylin- drical at its middle; the forepart of the inner condyle, though more prominent than that of the outer, is not produced, as in Phascolonus, into a sub-conical prominence. One feature common to both Phascolonus and Phascolomys is a shallow but distinct transverse groove which crosses the outer condyle at its junction with the rotular surface. In Diprotodon it is the inner condyle which is traversed by a similar groove. The third trochanter in Phascolonus seems to be represented by a rough oval tract situated on the post-axial side of the a little proximad of its middle. TIBIA. _|Two almost perfect specimens of opposite sides and slightly varying size. | Length, 207 mm. and 198 mm. respectively ; breadth (of prox- imal end), 104 mm. and 101 mm. Wombat :—Length, 103 mm. ; breadth, 30 mm. The tibia exhibits, among other phascolomydian features, a very marked lateral compression but, in place of the deflection, fibulad, I 130 of the middle portion of the sharp anterior edge, there is, in Phascolonus, a conspicuous twist in the continuity of the bone of such a kind as would arise from a similar inflection of both the anterior border of the lower end and of the posterior border of the upper. From the combined effect of the twist, as affecting the upper end, and of the considerable actual production, postero-internally, of the latter it arises that the proximal surface is not only of great superficial extent but also asymmetrically disposed by reason of its extension in conformity with that of the head. The condylar depressions of this surface show a similar asymmetry in size as well as in position, and both are thrown far back upon it, so that a large area of non-articular surface lies in front of them, the latter feature being also present in the wombat. The inner condylar depression, considerably the larger of the two, is ovoid in shape and deeply concave, the depth of the concavity being contributed to by the encroachment of its articular surface on the inner and higher of the two antero- posteriorly disposed ridges which, together, form the spine of the tibia. The surface for the outer condyle is sub-polygonal in shape and generally flat except for that portion of it which rises on to the outer of the two spinous ridges. In the wombat there is less inequality of size between the condylar surfaces and the outer is distinctly convex though the inner is concave. In Phascolomys the superior tibio-fibular articulation, which is nearly flat antero-posteriorly, to a large extent underlies the the outer condylar surface, the two articular tracts making an acute angle with one another. In the fossil this angle is less acute and a distinct degree of fore-and-aft concavity of the fibular articular surface is expressed. The internal malleolus of the lower end of the fossil tibia is very broad antero-posteriorly ; it is not, as in the wombat, pro- duced, inferiorly, into a compressed conical process ; and the articular surface for the astragalus, instead of extending, as in the latter, on to the whole of the external face of the malleolus, encroaches upon it but to a very limited extent. It is with this latter part that is articulated the inner surface of a low promi- nence that will be afterwards described as rising from the inner border of the tibial surface of the astragalus. A depression on the articular surface of the distal end of the tibia, just external to the malleolus, receives the summit of the projection itself. A. distinct triangular facet for the os pyramidalis exists which makes an obtuse angle both with the astragalar surface and with the plane of the hinder region of the extreme lower part of the external surface of the shaft. 131 FIBULA. The mutilation of both ends of the only bone obtained of this kind precludes satisfactory measurement or description. ASTRAGALUS. |One complete specimen. | The Astragalus presents a combination of phascolomydian and diprotodontoid features with a preponderance of the latter. It shares the generally depressed characters of the head of this bone in the wombat, but whereas, in the latter, the anterior articular convexity for the navicular is coincident with the whole anterior transverse width of the bone, there is, in Phascolonus as in Diprotodon, a non-articular tract to the outside of that part which represents the head. Though less conspicuously than in Diprotodon the internal border of the superior surface is, in the same kind of way, elevated into a low pyramidal or conical pro- jection but, unlike the condition .which obtains in Diprotodon, the inner side of this is partly articular, being in opposition with the limited portion of the astragalar surface of the tibia that has been mentioned as extending on to the outer surface of the internal malleolus. This smali tract on the inner side of the projection is the only representative of the extensive surface that, in the wombat, articulates extensively with the internal malleolus. In both Diprotodon and Phascolomys latifrons the articular surface of the head of the astragalus and of its tibial surface are discontinuous by the intervention of a non-articular tract but in Phascolonus the two are continuous by an extension of the latter which meets the former. A feature of the astragalus of Phascolonus, not found in Diprotodon in which the tibial surface is remarkably flat, is a certain amount of elevation of the border of its antero-external region ; thus the slope, inwards, from this raised edge and the opposing slope, outwards, from the previously described pyramidal elevation of the inner border produce a marked concavity between these two elevations. The continuous articular tract on the external aspect for the fibula and pyramidalis is, as in the wombat, also directly con- tinuous, though at a less acute angle, with the calcaneal surface of the bone; in Diprotodon the two are separated by an inter- vening non-articular strip. On the under side the features of the astragalus present a considerable resemblance to those of the corresponding surface in Diprotodon, the principal difference being in respect of the relatively large non-articular tract which, in Phascolonus, is left n the postero-internal region. 132 METATARSALS (METACARPALS 2). The remains of Phascolonus include four bones of a form very similar, on a proportionately reduced scale, to that of the fifth metacarpal and metatarsal of Diprotodon. In all of these the characteristic production of the outer border is repeated in much the same way. Oneof them, slightly longer than the others, also has its postero-external angle produced backwards as well as outwards as a somewhat laterally compressed conical process, the tip of which reaches a point considerably to the rear of the proximal articular surface. In two others, probably a pair, the production of the proximal part of the outer border is outwards rather than backwards, so that the tip of the production does not reach to the rear of the proximal articular surface of the bone. In both of these latter, moreover, the outer border is emarginate —a feature which accentuates the prominence of the production ; whereas in the one previously mentioned the outer margin is even. We should have been confident in attributing the first mentioned single bone to the metatarsus and the pair to the metacarpus but that, in a fourth specimen, the production of the postero-external angle is of an intermediate character, being both backwardly ard outwardly directed. The outer margin of this is also emarginate, though to a less extent than in the supposed pair. Thus it is quite possible that they may be all of one denomination. Assuming, however, the correctness of our sup- position that the first mentioned single bone is, in all proba- bility, a metatarsal, it may be said of it that in the general production, to a greater or less extent, of the whole outer border it bears a close resemblance to the corresponding bone of Diprotodon, while the special extension, backwards, of the postero-external angle forms a feature common to this bone in both Diprotodon, Phascolomys, and Phalangista. There are a few other bones and fragments of bones which belong either to the metacarpus or metatarsus, but as we are not quite sure of their exact position we will not for the present take them into consideration except to remark that, in their general characters, they resemble certain of the bones of these segments in Diprotodon rather than in the wombat. PHALANGES. Two consecutive phalanges—of the proximal and middle series —which, there is reason to believe, belong either to the supposed fifth metatarsal (though they might, also belong to one of the bones considered as the corresponding metacarpal) show a great diminution of size when compared to the precedent segment. The proximal is a small compressed element with a conspicuous production, postero-externally, of its corresponding angle and, toa 133 greater or less extent, of its outer border. The middle phalanx is a still smaller compressed sub-quadrate bone. In the above features and in the depression of their articular surfaces both show a resemblance, on a small scale, to the proximal and middle segments of the fifth digit of the pes of Diprotodon. The ungual phalanges, of which four are represented, repeat, on a scale of about twice the size, the features of these elements in the wombat being considerably depressed and only slightly curved. ATLAS. [One specimen in which the tranverse processes have suffered considerable abrasion. | Transverse width, measured anterior to, but exclusive of, the transverse processes, 110 mm. Wombat, similarly measured 43 mm. In the atlas of Phascolonus the continuity of the anterior bony arch is interrupted by a vacuity as in Diprotodon, in the wombats and in some other marsupials, and the gap is of greater relative width (45 mm.) than in the forms specifically mentioned. In the atlas of a latifront wombat the interspace measures 10 mm. and in that of a Diprotodon only 26 mm. The neural arch is distinctly more flattened than in the wombat and the transverse process is grooved for the vertebral artery, but to a slight extent only. The neurapophysis is perfor- ated, for the passage of the first cervical nerve, in much the same way as in the wombat. AXIS. |A fragment comprising the body and odontoid process—the greater part of the neural arch being absent. | Such parts as are preserved, present, generally, the features found in the axis of Phascolomys but the odontoid process, which in P. latifrons is somewhat antero-posteriorly compressed, would appear to have been more conical in form though it is possible that the abrasion to which it has to some degree been subjected may have modified its original shape. Besides the bones that have been specifically mentioned above there exists also amongst the Callabonna remains about a dozen ribs, a few vertebral centra and two or three fragments of the pelvis. For the present we defer consideration of these. REMARKS. The preceding notes, which we hope may skortly be fol- lowed by a more complete, as well as adequately illustrated, description, will at least indicate the more conspicuous features of a large part of the skeleton of Phascolonus gigus. It has 134 been directly noticed, or implied, that the molar teeth and the form of the mandible, notwithstanding certain differences, which may even be of generic value, are essentially phascolomydian in type, and there exist, amongst the cranial and dental character- istics, points of resemblance to both the latifront and the platyrrhine living species which, with a more extended descrip- tion, might have been more numerously and saliently brought out. The type of the lower incisors is also essentially phascolomydian,. though, as Owen* has pointed out, they differ in several respects from those of the living species of wombats. The bones of the appendicular skeleton that have been examined are predominantly of the same type, and this is par- ticularly so in the case of the scapula, humerus, unciform, pisi- form and ungual phalanges; toa less, but to a considerable, extent in the ulna and tibia. Nevertheless, some of them, notably the femur, astragalus and fifth metatarsal (even if the last-named should belong tothe metacarpus), present features which strik-. ingly resemble those of the homologous bones of Diprotodon. The remarkable adze-like upper incisors are peculiar to Phas- colonus though, in several respects, they more nearly resemble these teeth in Diprotodon than in Phascolomys. In the absence of actual objective comparison we cannot lay much stress upon the presumed nototherian feature mentioned in connection with the humerus, though it is significant, in this connection, that Owen has indicated a feature common to Nototherium and Diprotodon in the disposition of the ascending ramus.t Quite irrespective of this, however, the more generalised characters of the skeleton of Phas- colonus, when compared with that of the existing wombats, seem to be abundantly expressed in many directions, and the degree of generalisation, moreover, extends beyond the range of its nearest phascolomydian allies. There can at least be no doubt but that the differences which exist between this fossil and the living species of wombats are such as to amply justify its generic separation from Phascolomys. It is perhaps unfortunate that priority of establishment necessi- tates the retention of the name Phascolonus for, as a matter of fact, its height, calculated on the basis of the length of the leg segments in comparison with those of a latifront wombat, could not have much exceeded two feet, thus falling far short of that of the ass to which Owen supposed its size to approximate. By the *Phil. Trans., vol. CLXII. (1872), p. 253. Ext. Mamm. of Aust., p.. 351 (Text). é + Phil. Trans, vol. CLXII. (1872), p. 250. Ext. Mamm, of Australia, p. 348. 135 criterion of size the term is, however, less inappropriate than that of Phascolomys is to the wombats. Having regard to its moderate size, to the massive characters of the bones of the limbs and to the powers revealed by the prominence of processes for muscular attachment, one might be inclined to attribute to this animal the same fossorial habits as the existing wombats. But, as Owen has pointed out, this in- ference does not necessarily follow and, indeed, the few elements of the digits that we possess do not reveal a strength co-relative with that of the rest of the skeleton, except perhaps in so far as the claw-bearing phalanges are concerned, and even these do not ‘exhibit so great a proportionate size as many of the other bones. In their small size, depression, and consequent limitation of their articular surfaces, the phalanges are more comparable to the feebly jointed segments of the digits of both the manus and pes of Diprotodon. So that these parts, at least, of the limbs of Phascolonus would seem to be incompatible with the same vigorous burrowing powers as are possessed by the living repre- sentatives of the Phascolomyidee. a 4) jot ovivgengdnatt seal ategor zi u ce fe ie ‘> 5 ; 4 Pals; af ay rey "oud aS iar a ir SUT UT me Aeivie}wati: ei Ob i ay if F (s ; | ] writs ff Pratl’ il L f 3 , ae) ,° 8 mic Sie | ret fan reas Tit é Tap 1 Or ie » oieirit wit : ‘ i ot) ; Hiitied é 1 ¢ r er an f aes e ; . et ge ” uriid Meet ta ir | . “ie tod ana ena: 1 f i i ee a | ah abeine i ang a a tla 7 Ty te ? | aie ti TaN Hie he r* ‘ Té wr] are Art a y ; se rs LS) * ve ; RUE / 1 eT Oar Saint Oh fi a] : al ~ TT] ria ; Ps ty Syrian a) Py -, = > 4 : p ‘ fi a q : ' ) s ¥ ‘ | ’ ' . f t 4 0 Sas 137 DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN CURCULIONIDA, WITH NOTES ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED SPECIES. By Artuur M. Lea. [Read September 5, 1899.] Part I. The Australian CURCULIONID& are comparatively little known. Including the ScotyTip#, BrENTHIDH, and ANTHRIBIDH, scarcely 1,900 species have been recorded ; and I believe that fully “4,000 species of the allied families occur in Australia and Tasmania.* The BRENTHIDH, as might be expected, are better known than the other families, but even now contains a number of undescribed forms. The Scotytipm, despite their great economic importance, are little known, scarcely one dozen species having been described ; and the ANTHRIBID# are in an almost similar state. Of the true CuRCULIONID™, the subfamilies Hyperides, Magdalinides, Tychiides, Cronides, Baridiides, and several others are almost untouched. Some of the larger sub- families are in great confusion. No attempt has ever been made to systematically arrange the genera; in consequence, many of them remain in the positions to which they were originally consigned, and which are often erroneous. It seems to me, for instance, that to strictly attach subfamily importance to the presence or absence of ocular lobes, and as to whether the scrobes are directed straight towards or slightly below the eyes, are mistakes. In this and succeeding papers, however, I do not propose to attempt a classification of the family, but simply to describe such new forms as I can find time to work up, and to give new or exact localities for previously described species, together with remarks on variation, synonymy, &c. The present paper is confined to members of the Zrirhinides (a subfamily, of which large numbers of genera and species have already been described by the Rev. Thomas Blackburn, in the Transactions of this Society for 1893 and 1894). Altogether 83 species are described, and are referred to the following genera :— Desiantha (6), Anorthorhinus (3), Cydmea (17), Gnochroma (1), Misophrice (9), Storeus (34), Cyttalia (8), Glaucopela (2), and Myositta (3). * Only 95 species have been expressly stated to occur in Tasmania. K 138 Unless expressly stated to the contrary, specimens of all the new species have been taken by myself, and the localities (and food-plants where given) may be depended upon. DESIANTHA MALEVOLENS, %, Sp. Piceous, legs and antenne piceous- red. Upper - surface moderately closely covered with obscure ochreous and brown scales, the ochreous scales clothing sides of prothorax, and forming a distinct median line; scutellum with greyish scales; elytra with a wide dark sutural patch, the sides with paler scales, extreme margins with greyish and sooty-brown scales; a small distinct suboblong whitish spot on each elytron just before summit of posterior declivity. Under-surface and legs densely clothed with ashen scales, in which a few short stout pale sete are mixed. Head and rostrum densely punctate; a feeble depression between eyes. Rostrum arcuate, stout, rather short. Club elongate. Prothorax transverse, sides and base rounded, apex widely emarginate, and almost the width of base. Zlytra widely emarginate at base, apex conjointly rounded, shoulders oblique ; punctate-striate, punctures concealed ; interstices feebly convex, wide, and regular. Under-surface densely punctate, punctures concealed. Prosternum feebly and widely emarginate in front. Intermediate intercoxal process descending at an angle of about 45°. Metasternum depressed in middle, the depression continued on to abdomen. Two basal segments of abdomen very large, third and fourth very short (their combined length being only about half that of the second or fifth), and arcuate at sides. Legs rather long ; femora thick, subpedunculate; tibie falcate (the anterior very decidedly so), with numerous small teeth beneath ; apex thin, terminal hook unusually long and sharp ; tarsi with fourth joint shorter than the rest combined. Length (from apex of prothorax), 4? mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 2 mm. Hab.—Swan River (Hon. J. G. H. Amherst). This species, in the characters of its rostrum, abdomen, tibiz, and tarsi, is somewhat at variance with the majority of species in Desiantha ; and it may be eventually considered necessary to erect a new genus to receive both it and the following species ; but as the genera closely allied to Desiantha are already so numerous, and some of them are founded on such trivial charac- ters, I am strongly adverse at present to adding to their number. The species is reported to be very destructive to the young shoots of the vine, its work being much the same as that of D. maculata. DESIANTHA VEGRANDIS, %”. sp. Piceous, legs and antenne piceous-red. Upper-surface closely covered with muddy-brown scales, prothorax with the sides and - 189 median line obscurely marked with paler scales ; scutellum with greyish scales ; elytra with greyish scales at sides and apex, and a small spot on each side beyond the middle. Under-surface more densely clothed with paler and longer scales; tibix, espe- cially the posterior, fringed beneath with long hair. Structure as in the preceding species, but the elytra shorter and wider ; femora less thickened, anterior tibiew less decidedly | faleate, and claw joint the length of the other joints of each of the tarsi. Length, 3 mm.; rostrum, # mm.; width, 1} mm. Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth. Closely allied to the preceding species, but may be at once distinguished by its smaller size and different clothing (especially of the under-surface). DESIANTHA PREMORSA, %. sp. Piceous, legs piceous-red ; sterna, abdomen, and antenne dull- red. Head closely covered with yellowish-brown setz, at sides of eyes and of rostrum with whitish sete; muzzle fringed with long hairs; prothorax and elytra densely covered with over- lapping scales, more or less greyish in colour; prothorax with a very distinct median line of whitish scales (tinged with green or gold), continued on to scutellum ; elytra with palest scales about posterior callosities, a feeble (but sufficiently distinct) oblique ‘spot on each side beyond the middle, and not quite extending to suture. Above, in addition to the scales, with numerous seta, darker on prothorax than on elytra, on the latter confined to the interstices, but not in single file; below moderately densely setose. Head finely punctate, a feeble depression between eyes. Rostrum stout, shorter than prothorax, wider at apex than at base ; with three moderately distinct cost, and which are separated by double rows of punctures; scrobe terminating abruptly at one-third its length from eye.* Scape the length of funicle, first joint of the latter longer than the two following combined; club elongate-ovate, free. Prothorax transverse, very feebly convex, sides and base rounded, sides gradually enlarging from base to near apex, and then suddenly lessened, extreme apex scarcely the width of base ; apex somewhat raised in middle, and with a feeble semicircular depression immediately behind ; densely punctate, punctures concealed. Hlytra wider than pro- thorax, base widely emarginate, apex conjointly rounded, shoulders rounded, sides almost parallel to near apex ; punctate- * The rostrum, when viewed directly from above, appears as if each side had been quadrately excised immediately in front of the eyes; when viewed from beneath there appears to be a strong tooth-like projection on each side. I know of nothing similar in any weevil. 140 striate, punctures almost concealed; interstices convex and regular, except that there is a strong and almost conical pre- apical callus on the fifth. Under-surface finely punctate: Prosternum rather deeply emarginate in front. Intermediate intercoxal process flat between coxee, perpendicular in front. Abdomen with straight sutures, third and fourth segments con- jointly longer than second or fifth. Legs rather stout ; tibiz as wide at apex as at base, somewhat curved at apex ; claw joint as long as the rest combined. Length, 64 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 3 mm. Hab.—Sydney. A peculiar species, which might be separated from Desiantha on account of the unique structure of the rostrum. Nine speci- mens were obtained in company under a rotting log. DESIANTHA IRRASA, 1. sp. Male. Black, claws and base of scapes piceous-red. Upper- surface moderately densely clothed with short reddish-brown sete, denser on elytral interstices than elsewhere : below with shorter and sparser setz than above. Head densely punctate, a small fovea between eyes. Rostrum the length of prothorax, dilated at apex, base slightly gibbous ;. densely punctate ; sides feebly tricostate, costz not visible from above. Antenne slender; two basal joints of funicle elongate ; club ovate, free. Prothorax scarcely transverse, slightly convex, base and sides rounded ; densely punctate, punctures more or less confluent. Scutellum small, transverse, punctate. Hlytra some- what flattened, subovate, wider than prothorax, widest about middle, arcuate towards apex; base widely emarginate, each feebly produced at apex; striate- punctate, punctures large, oblong, comparatively shallow ; interstices wide, granulate-punc- tate, slightly convex, suture, third, fifth, and seventh feebly raised; without preapical callosities. Prosternwm rather deeply emarginate. Intermediate intercoxal process narrow, slightly raised in front. Metasternum coarsely punctate at sides, punc- tate and transversely wrinkled across middle. Abdomen densely and irregularly punctate, punctures smaller about middle of first and second segments than elsewhere, suture between these segments slightly curved ; the other sutures deep and straight, third and fourth conjointly slightly longer than second or fifth ;. fifth concave, except at base. Legs moderately long; femora stout, the posterior subpedunculate; tibize somewhat curved,. wider at apex than at base, with numerous small teeth beneath ;. claw joint as long as the rest combined. Length, 7 mm.;. rostrum, 2 mm.; width, 32 mm. Female. Differs in having the elytra conjointly rounded at apex, the abdomen with a depression on first and second 141 & segments, the apical segment slightly convex, and the elytra comparatively longer and thinner. Hab.—N.S.W.: Forest Reefs. Numerous specimens were obtained under rotting logs. The rostrum in profile somewhat resembles that of Memestra incerta from Western Australia. On an occasional specimen may be seen feeble pale lines at the sides of prothorax. I know of no closely allied species. DESIANTHA MECASPIS, ”. Sp. Piceous, legs and anteune piceous-red. Upper-surface (except of head and rostrum, which are sparsely clothed) very densely clothed with grey or muddy-grey scales, not quite uniform in colour, and intermingled with moderately long recurved set. - Under-surface densely clothed at sides, more sparingly along middle. Legs with setose scales; each of the femora with a feeble ring of whitish scales. Head densely punctate, a feeble longitudinal impression between eyes. Rostrum the length of prothorax, curved, slightly dilated at apex; densely punctate, with five feeble ost. Antenne comparatively slender; first joint of funicle moderately long; club ovate, subadnate to funicle. Prothorax feebly transverse, sides rounded, base feebly rounded, and but slightly wider than apex; densely punctate, punctures concealed. Scutellum oblong. Elytra wider than prothorax, widest across shoulders, apex conjointly rounded ; punctate striate, punctures -concealed ; interstices slightly convex and regular, except that the fifth terminates in a distinct preapical callus. Under-surface moderately densely punctate. Prosternum rather deeply emar- ginate in front. Intermediate intercoxal process narrow through- out. Abdomen with third and fourth segments conjointly the length of second, and slightly longer than apical. Legs moderately ‘long ; femora stout, subpedunculate; anterior tibie bisinuate, and feebly dentate beneath; claw joint the length of the rest combined. Length, 5 mm.; rostrum, 1} mm.; width, 2 mm. Hab.—Sydney. Somewhat resembles sericea in appearance, but may be dis- _ tinguished from that species by its narrower shape, differently coloured antennze (in sericea the club is black), dentition of anterior tibiz, &c. DESIANTHA INCONTAMINATA, %%. SD. Piceous, legs and antenne obscure piceous-red. Rather ‘sparsely clothed with obscure ochreous or brownish scales. ‘Under-surface with scales set in punctures—those on the sterna -Searcely rising to the general level, and whitish ; those on the 142 abdomen longer, subsetose, and yellowish—coxe densely clothed ; femora and tibie with yellowish sete. Head densely punctate, a narrow impression between eyes. Rostrum curved, the length of prothorax; densely punctate except at apex, with five cost, of which the two outer on each side become conjoined beyond antennz, and are continued (but feebly so) almost to apex. Antenne slender; two basal joints of funicle elongate ; club elliptic-ovate, free. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, sides equally rounded, base feebly rounded and slightly wider than apex; densely punctate, punctures round,. and nowhere confluent. Zlytra wider than prothorax, widest about shoulders, apex conjointly rounded; _ striate-punctate, punctures oblong, narrow, deep ; interstices convex and regular, except that the fifth terminates in a very slight preapical callus. Under-surface densely punctate. Prosternum moderately deeply emarginate in front. Slope of intermediate intercoxal process rounded. Abdomen with third and fourth segments conjointly the length of fiitth and slightly shorter than second. Legs moderately long; femora stout, subpedunculate ; anterior tibize: feebly bisinuate beneath, longer and thinner than the others, none dentate beneath; claw joint of all the tarsi shorter than the: rest of the joints combined. Length, 8 mm.; rostrum, 24 mm.; width, 34 mm. Hab. _N. S.W.: Burrawang (Mr. T. G. Sloane). The claw-joint is shorter than usual, but not so short as in. Aoplocnemis. DESIANTHA MACULATA, BIKb. I have this species from all the Australian Colonies. In. Western Australia (including Rottnest Garden and Pelsart Islands) it is exceedingly abundant and destructive to various fruit-trees, but especially to the vine. It is variable, both as. regards marking and size. D. masor, Blkb. Hab. —N.S.W.: Wilcannia. D. sericea, Blkb. Hab.—N.S.W.; W.A. D. opscura, LIkb, Hab.—N.8.W.: Cootamundra, Queanbeyan,, Sydney. D. parva, Slkb, Hab.—Sydney. D. virrata, Llkb. Hab.—N.S.W.: Forest Reefs. D. pusitua, Bikb.. Hab.—N.S.W.: Windsor. D. caupaTa, Pasc. Hab.—N.S.W.; V. D. (Brextus) mMurINA, Pasc.. Hab,—Forest Reefs, Sydney. 143 ANORTHORHINUS* APICALIS, 7. sp. Black, subopaque ; tarsi and apex of tibiz pale-red ; antennze reddish-piceous. Sparsely clothed with sooty and grey scales, the latter feebly transversely arranged on elytra, and forming three feeble longitudinal lines on prothorax. Under-surface and legs with sparse pale scales, snowy on apex of tibiz. Head densely punctate. Rostrum with five cost, three of which are placed on a median elevation. Antenne moderately elongate. Prothorax longer than wide, apex the width of base, sides gently rounded ; densely and coarsely punctate. Hlytra twice the width of prothorax, shoulders square ; striate-punctate, punctures quadrate and subapproximate, the third, fifth, and seventh interstices wider than the others, and raised especially near base; a preapical callus on each side. Under-surface densely and strongly punctate, punctures on metasternum perfectly circular. Prosternum feebly emarginate. Length, 4 mm. ; rostrum, ? mm.; width, 1? mm. Hab.—Tasmania (Mr. A. Simson, No. 2,925) N.S.W.: Galston (Lea). May be readily distinguished by the colour of the apex of tibie and the coarse punctures of the under-surface. ANORTHORHINUS ABJECTUS, 7. sp. Black, subopaque; tibiw and tarsi of a pale-red, base of femora dark-red, antenne piceous. Head and rostrum to eyes with whitish setose scales, a moderately dense stripe of similar scales on each side of prothorax; elytra with smaller scales rather evenly distributed. Under-surface and legs with whitish sete. Head densely punctate. Rostrum the length of prothorax, with five narrow coste, which terminate at antenne. Scape comparatively slender. Prothorax as in apicalis, but less coarsely punctate. lytra twice the width of prothorax, shoulders some- what oblique; striate-punctate, punctures rather large and sub- approximate ; interstices punctate, the third, fifth, and seventh very feebly raised, each side with a preapical callus. Under- surface rather finely punctate. Prosternum semicircularly emarginate in front. Length, 34 mm.; rostrum, }# mm.; width, 14 mm. Hab.—Swan River. Compared with the description of Phrenozemia lyproides, Pascoe, this species differs in having the scales without a pearly lustre, and the antenne much darker than tibie. *I think it highly probable that this genus (possibly synonymous with Phrenozemia) will eventually be merged in Desiantha. 144 ANORTHORHINUS BREVICORNIS, 7%. sp. Black, subopaque; antenne and legs (middle of femora excepted) of a rather dark-red. Clothed with blackish setose scales ; head with a small spot of whitish scales between eyes ; prothorax with a few whitish ones about base; scutellum with white scales ; elytra with numerous small distinct whitish spots —less numerous towards base than elsewhere. Under-surfaze with whitish setose scales. Femora with a ring of white scales at apex, the tibize with rings at base and apex. Head and rostrum as in apicalis. Antenne, especially the scape, short and thick. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide, sides feebly rounded, base and apex equal; densely and coarsely punctate. Hlytra twice the width of prothorax, sides parallel to near apex, shoulders square; striate-punctate, punctures elongate, approximate; interstices flat, equal; without preapical callosities. Under-surface densely and rather coarsely punctate. Prosternum rather deeply emarginate in front. Length, 3? mm.; rostrum, 2mm.; width, 14 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Rottnest Island. The legs are prettily variegated, as in pictipes, but the rostrum and elytra are very different. A. pictipes, Blkb. Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth, Forest Reefs. Elytra with a preapical callus on each side. Tibiz with only the apex red ___... site ais apicalis, 1 n. sp. Tibiz red. Elytra with pale scales condensed at apex, shoulders square... ... ptctipes, Blkb. Elytra almost uniformly clothed, ‘shoulders oblique abjectus, n. sp. Elytra without preapical callosities aghe ... Grevicornis, nN. sp. CYDMHA RUFIPES, 7. sp. Black ; rostrum, antenne, and legs red. Upper-surface almost uniformly clothed with pale-ochreous or dark stramineous scales, feebly mixed with darker scales on elytra, in some specimens with a coppery or fiery gloss, and on the elytra occasionally tinged with green. Undersurface with white scales, occasionally tinged with green or having a coppery gloss. Rostrum comparatively short ; parallel-sided ; rather strongly punctate at base; feebly elsewhere. Antenne inserted con- siderably nearer apex than base of rostrum; funicle the length of scape, first joint as long as second-third combined, second con- siderably longer than third. Prothorax feebly transverse, apex about one-fourth less than base. lytra short, cordate; rather strongly seriate- pungiars ; interstices flat,? wide, finely punctate. Length 2 mm., rostrum 2 mm.; width 1 mm. Hab,—Swan River. 145 The shape and clothing are much as in miata (Blackburn), but the rostrum is differently. coloured, and the whole insect is smaller. — CyDM#A TERAMOCERA, 2, sp. Black ; antenne, legs, and elytra dull-red. Prothorax with brownish scales, with others of a dul pale ochreous condensed at base and sides, elytra with reddish-brown scales becoming ochreous towards apex, and mixed with feeble transverse patches of whitish scales. Under-surface with white scales having a feeble purplish-green iridescence. Rostrum long and thin, sides feebly but noticeably incurved between antennz and apex; punctate to apex. Antenne long nd thin, inserted considerably nearer apex than base ; funicle as long as scape, two basal joints together, first as long as second- third combined. Prothorax moderately transverse, considerably narrowed at apex. Hlytra considerably wider than prothorax, short, cordate; striate-punctate, strie very feeble, punctures moderately strong and distant. Length, 3} mm.; rostrum, 15 mm.; width, 14 mm. Hab.—N.S.W.: Galston. Considerably above the average size. The curvature of the sides of the rostrum between antenne and apex exists perhaps in most of the species of Cydmea, but in most it is so very feeble as to be scarcely noticeable. . CYDMA FILIROSTRIS, 7. sp. Black ; antennze pale, tibie dark-red. Upper-surface clothed with pale stramineous scales, having a greenish or coppery gloss, and with a few brownish scales scattered about. Under-surface with white scales, having a greenish gloss or a feeble purplish- green iridescense. Head and base of rostrum densely squamose. Rostrum long and very thin, sides noticeably incurved between antenne and apex. Antenne moderately stout, inserted nearer apex than base of rostrum, funicle longer than scape, first joint longer than second-third combined. Prothorax moderately trans- verse, apex not much narrower than base. Elytra oblong-cordate; Seriate-punctate ; each interstice feebly seriate-punctate. Length, 23 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 14 mm. Hab.—Swan River. CYDMHA BINOTATA, 7. sp. Black ; scape dull-reddish-brown, funicle and club piceous- black. Above with dingy-white and blackish-brown scales irregularly distributed on prothorax, a feeble dark longitudinal Stripe and four dark spots across apex, and two across base, but mone of them distinct ; each elytron with a moderately large, 146 rounded, distinct white spot (at about the apical third), sur- rounded by blackish scales, and which are continued across. suture. Under-surface with white scales feebly tinged with green. Rostrum moderately stout, slightly longer than prothorax, very feebly decreasing from base to apex. Antenne compara- tively stout, inserted slightly nearer apex than base of rostrum ; funicle slightly longer than scape, first joint as long as second- third combined. Prothorax distinctly transverse, apex feebly but rather suddenly lessened ; ocular lobes more prominent than usual. lytra oblong-cordate, seriate-oblong-punctate ; inter- stices not very wide. Length, 2 mm.; rostrum, # mm.; width, 1 (vix) mm. Hab.—Sydney. A much smaller species than bimaculata (Pascoe), the elytral spots white, and nearer apex than base. CYDMHA MGEIRENS, 7. sp. Black. Scales of upper-surface entirely black, except for a very few whitish scales (invisible to the naked eye). Clothing of under-surface dull-white, in an occasional specimen feebly tinged with green, or with a faint coppery lustre; legs with whitish scales. Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax in female, in male as. long; very feebly decreasing in width from base to apex. Antenne inserted almost in exact middle of rostrum ; scape: rather short, first joint of funicle longer than the following com- bined. Prothorax moderately transverse, apex narrowed. Elytra about once and one-fourth wider than prothorax; seriate- punctate; interstices wide, flat, feebly punctate. Length, 2% mam.; rostrum, mm.; width, 1 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Swan River, Darling Ranges, Bridgetown, Geraldton. Of the buiid of Juctwosa and diversa, but very differently coloured. CyYDMMA INCONSPICUA, 7. sp. Black. Clothed with brown and greenish-white scales, more: rounded than is usual in the genus ; on the prothorax the brown scales prevail on the disc, and the white scales at the sides ; on the elytra the white scales almost run in lines from base to apex. Under-surface with white scales. Kostrum longer than prothorax, thin and subcylindrical. — Antenne elongate, inserted in exact middle of rostrum; funicle: the length of club, first joint longer than second-third combined. Prothorax as long as wide, apex rounded and much narrower a gw 175 sparse punctures, intermingled with minute ones; scarcely noticeably incurved between antenne and apex. Antenne slender; scape inserted slightly nearer apex than base, the length of funicle and first joint of club; first joint of funicle the length of second-fourth, seventh transverse; club ovate, moderately elongate, shorter than’ the four preceding joints. Prothorax moderately transverse, apex not suddenly narrowed, sides gently rounded ; densely punctate. lytra elongate- (almost oblong-) cordate, apex very feebly emaryinate; seriate-punctate, punctures rather large and subquadrate, lightly striate. Prosternal channel rather distinct, apex deeply emarginate, separation of coxe dis- tinct. Abdomen with third and fourth segments lightly arcuate throughout. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm. Hab.—Forest Reefs. As the club of the antennz is black, I have not hesitated to. describe this species, although possessing but two females. STOREUS PAUPERCULUS, 2. sp. Male. Elliptic-ovate. Red, metasternum scarcely darker, club black. Head moderately clothed with whitish scales, becoming paler and suberect between eyes and on rostrum ; on the latter becoming sparser towards and terminating just before antenne, a few white sete towards apex. Clothed with greyish or pale-ochreous scales, having on the upper-surface a very feeble spotted appearance; the elytra in addition with lines of stout yellowish setze—not visible from the sides. Rostrum the length of prothorax and scutellum combined, gently curved throughout ; acutely costate at sides, median costa not traceable; apex finely punctate. Antenne moderately slender; scape inserted about one-fourth from apex of rostrum, more than half passing, a little shorter than funicle and club combined ; first joint of funicle the length of second-fourth, second equal to third-fourth, seventh rather strongly transverse ; club ovate, shorter than four preceding joints. Prothorax scarcely transverse, apex not much narrower than base, ocular lobes feeble ; densely punctate. Hiytra oblong-cordate, shoulders feebly rounded; apex scarcely emarginate ; seriate-punctate, punctures scarcely traceable. Prosternal channel distinct, apex deeply emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth segments very feebly arcuate throughout. Length, 2 (vix) mm.; rostrum, 2 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Albany. The curvature of the third and fourth abdominal segments is less than in any other species with which I am acquainted. STOREUS NIGROFASCIATUS, 7. sp. Male, Ovate. Dull-red, rostrum and metasternum somewhat darker, prothorax brown. Head with rather dense white scales, 176 which are large, but scarcely as dense between eyes as on vertex; rostrum rather sparsely squamose, the scales terminating before antenne. Prothorax with pale-ochreous (almost white) scales, forming eight (including the extreme lateral ones) feeble lines ; elytra with slightly darker scales, not very evenly distributed, and with a transverse, complete (except that it is not continued to the extreme outer margins) black, somewhat irregular and wide fascia beyond the middle. Under-surface with rather sparse whitish scales. Rostrum moderately curved throughout, the length of pro- thorax and scutellum combined; with sharply raised costie, of which those on each side of the median one are feebler than the others, the median continued to, but very feeble towards, apex ; apical portion, especially near antenne, coarsely punctate. Antenne rather slender; scape inserted one-fourth from apex of rostrum, fully half passing, the length of funicle and first joint of club ; funicle with all the joints apparently doubled, but only the second-fourth distinctly so, first equal to second-third, second longer than third, seventh slightly transverse ; club ovate, rather elongate. Prothorax tramsverse, sides rounded, apex not much narrower than base; densely and coarsely punctate. Hlytra suboblong-cordate, shoulders lightly rounded; apex feebly emarginate ; seriate-punctate, punctures rather large and sub- quadrate, lightly striate. Prosternal channel distinct, apex deeply emarginate. Metasternum and abdomen with a feeble depression, third and fourth segments of the latter feebly angular at sides. Legs rather long; femora grooved; tibize feebly bisinuate beneath ; claw joint of anterior tarsi rather strongly exserted. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm. Hab.—Forest Reefs. A very distinct and comparatively robust species. STOREUS MACROSTYLUS, 7. sp. Male. Elongate -elliptic. Dull-red, metasternum slightly darker. Head moderately clothed with narrow scales, denser between and erect at sides of eyes; rostrum squamose its entire length, but the scales near apex sparser and subsetose. Upper- surface with pale-ochreous scales arranged on the prothorax in very feeble lines, the elytra with whitish scales forming feeble elongated spots, and appearing to fori a very feeble fascia about the middle, the whole having a slightly tesselated appearance. Under-surface and legs with sparse whitish scales. Rostrum aliwost straight, longer than prothorax and scutellum combined; with sharply raised costie, the median one indistinct, except near apex. Antenne moderately slender; scape inserted two-sevenths from apex of rostrum, more than half passing, the 177 length of funicle and club combined ; funicle with first joint slightly longer than second-third, second doubled and longer than third, seventh not transverse; club ovate, moderately long, shorter than four preceding joints. Prothorax transverse, apex less produced than usual, considerably narrower (though not suddenly lessened) than base, basal two-thirds subparallel, base bisinuate; densely punctate. lytra_ elliptic-cordate, apex rather distinctly emarginate; seriate - punctate, punctures moderately large and subquadrate, lightly striate. Prosternal channel feeble, apex feebly emarginate. Metasternum and abdomen feebly depressed along middle, third and fourth segments of the latter feebly angular at sides. Length, 3 mm.; rostrum, 1{ mm. Hab.—W.A.: Bridgetown. STOREUS ARCUATUS, 7. sp. Male. Elongate-ovate. Red, elytra with two piceous mark- ings—one an almost circular blotch extending from near the base to the middle, the other a moderately wide semicircle, com- mencing near each side just beyond the middle. Head not very closely covered with whitish scales, becoming subfasciculate between eyes; rostrum with semierect seriate scales, which terminate just before antenne. Upper-surface with pale-ochreous or griseous scales, which form feeble lines on the prothorax, and feeble spots on. the elytra; on the latter they distinctly margin the dark basal blotch. Under-surface with sparse whitish scales. Rostrum feebly curved, distinctly longer than prothorax and scutellum combined; with acutely raised subequal coste, terminating either level with or just before antennx ; apical portion coarsely punctate. Antenne slender; scape inserted two- sevenths from apex of rostrum, more than half passing, the length of funicle and club; first joint of funicle equal to second- third, seventh feebly transverse ; club elliptic, the length of four preceding joints. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides rounded, apex very feebly produced, and not much‘ narrower than base. Elytra scarcely emarginate at apex; striate-punctate, punctures rather large and subquadrate; interstices convex. Prosternal channel scarcely defined, apex widely and very feebly emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth segments feebly angular at sides. Legs moderately long; anterior tibiw moderately curved throughout. Length, 34 mm.; rostrum, 1} mm. Hab.—W.A.: Swan River, Beverley. The prosternal channel is scarcely as well defined as it is in S. variegatus. 178 STOREUS ELLIPTICUS, 7%. sp. Male. Elliptic. Dull-red. Head moderately densely (denser between eyes than elsewhere) clothed with whitish scales ; rostrum moderately densely and almost equally clothed from near base almost to antenne. Upper-surface rather densely clothed with muddy brown and ochreous-grey scales, giving the elytra a feebly tesselated appearance. Under-surface with sparse dingy-whitish scales. Rostrum almost straight, slightly longer than prothorax; acutely costate, costz almost concealed ; apical portion rather coarsely punctate, interspaces densely and finely punctate. Antenne rather slender ; scape inserted one-fourth from apex of rostrum, two-thirds passing, slightly shorter than funicle and club combined ; funicle with second-seventh joints apparently doubled, first longer than second-third, second almost twice the length of third, seventh feebly transverse ; club elongate-ovate, equal to four preceding joints. Prethoraa transverse, apex rather suddenly narrowed ; densely punctate. Elytra elongate- cordate, apex scarcely emarginate ; punctures rather feeble and elongate, scarcely traceable unless scales are removed. Prosternal channe/ feeble. Abdomen with third and fourth segments feebly angular at sides. Anterior ¢ibue very feebly bisinuate beneath. Length, 2} mm.; rostrum, ? mm. Hab.—Swan River. STOREUS DISPAR, #2. sp. Male. Elongate-elliptic. Red, metasternnm darker, elytral suture narrowly tinged with piceous. Head and base of rostrum densely clothed with ochreous-white scales; rostrum from near base to middle with the scales arranged in lines, elsewhere non- squamose. Upper-surface clothed with pale-ochreous and whitish scales, giving it a distinctly tesselated appearance ; the elytra with a transverse brown patch about summit of posterior declivity. Under-surface with whitish scales. Rostrum thin, almost straight, longer than prothorax and scutellum combined; with seven acutely raised coste, which, except the extreme lateral ones, terminate just before antenne ; apical portion (especially between antenne) rather coarsely punctate. Antennz slender; scape inserted one-third from apex of rostrum, rather more than half passing, slightly longer than funicle and club combined; funicle with all the joints apparently feebly doubled, first almost the length of second-fourth, second almost the length of third-fourth, seventh transversely triangular ; club ovate. Prothoraw slightly longer than wide, apex rather suddenly narrowed, ocular lobes acute. Hlytra elongate- or oblong-cordate, apex rather strongly (for the genus) emarginate; ~ ea ~~ — ——— I as seriate-punctate, towards the apex lightly striate. Prosternal channel distinct, apex deeply emarginate, cox feebly separated. Abdomen with third and fourth segments feebly arcuate at sides. Legs long; tibie almost straight. Length, 34 mm.; rostrum, 1} mm, (female, 2 mm.). Female. Differs in having the rostrum thinner, fully twice the length of prothorax, almost perfectly cylindrical, squamose at base only, only the lateral cost traceable, and even straighter than in the male; the scape is inserted distinctly nearer base than apex of rostrum, scarcely extends to eye, and terminates considerably before apex of rostrum; the club is scarcely longer than in the male. Hab.—Swan River. The insertion of the scape in the female is much as in flirostris and a few others, but rather nearer the base. In most of the specimens under examination the outer ring of facets of the eyes are distinctly ochreous ; this appearance is doubtless accidental, as in specimens of several other species a similar appearance is seen. STOREUS TESSELLATUS, 1. sp. Male. Elongate-e!liptic. Dull-red. Head densely clothed with whitish scales, not much denser between eyes than else- _ where ; rostrum less densely clothed to antennz, in front with sparse whitish sete. Upper-surface with pale-ochreous and whitish scales, the elytra with a number of dark subquadrate spots (four on the third interstice), the whole having a very dis- tinctly tesselated appearance. Under-surface with ochreous- white scales. Rostrum moderately stout, lightly curved, scarcely longer than prothorax ; with sharply raised costa, of which the median one is almost as strong as the others, but all more or less concealed by clothing ; apical portion densely and irregularly punctate. Antenne moderate; scape inserted one-third from apex of rostrum, about half passing, shorter than funicle and club com- bined ; first joint of funicle equal to second-fourth, second slightly longer than third, seventh not transverse; club briefly ovate, no longer than three preceding joints combined. Prothorax transverse, apex feebly but rather suddenly narrowed. Elytra elongate-cordate, shoulders rather strongly rounded; seriate- punctate, lightly striate throughout. Prosternal channel distinct, apex deeply emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth segments somewhat angular at sides. Length, 2} mm.; rostrum, = mam. (female, 1 mm.). Female. Differs in having a longer and more noticeably curved rostrum, squamose only at base, the costz irregular and but feebly traceable, antennze thinner, scape inserted three- 180 sevenths from apex of rostrum, and just passing, and the club elongate-ovate. Hab.-—Forest Reefs. STOREUS EPPHIPIGER, i. Sp. Male. Briefly ovate. Dark-red, rostrum and antenne paler; elytra stained with piceous, except near base; metasternum piceous. Head moderately clothed with yellowish adpressed scales, denser between eyes than elsewhere, and feebly continued along sides of rostrum. Upper-surface with dingy-greyish or ochreous scales, sparsely and rather evenly distributed ; elytra with a very distinct subquadrate patch of white scales, which commences about the middle, and is continued below summit of posterior declivity. Under-surface with sparse whitish scales, legs rather more densely clothed. Rostrwm moderately strongly curved throughout, slightly longer than prothorax, very feebly incurved to middle; with traces of feeble coste, which are marked by five. elongate punc- tures, and sepArated by rows of moderately strong ones; apical portion rather strongly punctate. Antenne rather stout ; scape inserted two-fifths from apex cf rostrum, not one-third passing, the length of funicle; first joint of the latter the length of second-fourth, second almost as long as _ third-fourth, sixth- seventh transverse ; club ovate, almost the length of four pre- ceding joints. Prothorax feebly transverse, sides almost equally rounded, apex not much narrower than base, base almost straight. Hlytra cordate, apex scarcely emarginate; seriate- punctate, punctures moderately large and subquadrate. Pro- sternal channel distinct, apex moderately emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth segments feebly arcuate throughout. Legs woderately long; tibiz feebly bisinuate beneath. Length, 2 mm.; rostrum, + mm. Hab.--W.A.: Geraldton. The first and second joints of the funicle are distinctly doubled, and there is a faint trace of doubling in the third- fourth ; the rostral cost are little more than feeble ridges, and had my specimens (four) been judged by this character they would probably have been considered as females. STOREUS MULTIARTICULATUS, 7. Sp. Male. Shape, colour, and size much as in preceding. Scales much as in preceding, except that they are rather less evenly distributed, and that the elytra are without a distinct patch. Rostrum comparatively stout ; with seven rather feeble costzx, of which the median one is scareely traceable, very feebly diminishing in width from base to apex ; apical half moderately tee —— ee 3h ee Oa eee ee ee Sr he OVE eS ee er 181 strongly punctate. Antenne moderately stout; scape inserted two-fifths from apex of rostrum, little more than clubbed portion passing apex, shorter than funicle; funicle with all the joints, except the first and seventh, apparently doubled. All else, except that the third and fourth abdominal segments are more angular at the sides, as in the preceding. Length, 21 mm.; rostrum, = mm. Female. Differs in having the head and rostrum less squamose, the latter with much feebler cost ; antennz thinner, inserted a little further (though not much) from the apex ; funicle simple, and the club more elongate and almost elliptic. Hab.—Geraldton. Numerous specimens obtained under bark of Melaleuca, sp. STOREUS NIVEICEPS, 7. sp. Male. Elongate-ovate. Dark-red, rostrum and antenne paler. Head (more densely between eyes than elsewhere) and basal half of rostrum with moderately dense snowy-white scales, rest of rostrum with sparse white sete. Scales of upper surface (beneath they are purer) of an almost uniform dirty-white. Rostrum lightly curved, the length of prothorax and scutellum combined; costz distinct at sides, feeble in middle, median costa feebly longitudinally divided; apical portion moderately strongly punctate. Antenne moderately slender; scape inserted two- fifths from apex of rostrum, not half passing, the length of funicle and first joint of club; first joint of funicle equal to second-fourth, second equal to third-fourth, seventh scarcely transverse ; club ovate, equal to four preceding joints, consider- ably wider than funicle. Prothorax almost quadrate, the sides being very lightly rounded, and the apex almost the exact width of base. Elytra elongate-cordate, apex conjointly rounded 3. striate-punctate, strize very feeble, punctures almost concealed by clothing. Prosternal channel distinct, apex more deeply emarginate than usual, anterior coxz rather widely separated. Abdomen with third and fourth segments comparatively strongly arcuate throughout. Length, 1? mm.; rostrum, + mm. (female, 2 mm.). Female. Differs in having the rostrum longer, more noticeably curved, thinner, costs feebler at sides and absent in middle, feebly squamose ‘at sides, and apical portion rather sparsely punctate ; the scape is inserted slightly in advance of the middle of rostrum, and not one-fourth passes apex, and the club is slightly longer. Hab.—N.S.W.: Gosford, Loftus, Galston, Sydney. A small soberly-coloured species, on first sight appearing to belong to the Cryptorhynchides. At Gosford numerous speci- mens were beaten from a species of Melaleuca. 182 STOREUS DORSALIS, 7. sp. Male. Elliptic-ovate. Piceous-black, apex of prothorax, sides of elytra, apex of abdomen, legs, rostrum, and antenne reddish. Head moderately clothed with dingy-whitish scales, dense between eyes; rostrum rather sparsely squamose at extreme base, and with fine white sete from near base to antenne. Prothorax with a large dorsal patch of blackish scales, the margins with two feeble stripes of ochreous; elytra also with a large dorsal dark patch which commmences at the base and is continued to beyond the middle, a few whitish scales—scarcely, however, affecting its appearance—scattered about; its sides are rather uneven, and are bounded by rather pale-ochreous scales ; beyond the patch and extending to the apex is a small patch of brownish scales. Under-surface with white, the legs with pale-ochreous scales. Rostrum feebly curved, scarcely longer than prothorax ; with sharply-raised costze (of which, however, the median one is feeble and somewhat irregular), terminating either level with or just in front of antennz; apical portion sparsely but moderately strongly punctate. Antenne rather stout; scape inserted three-sevenths from apex of rostrum, just passing apex, shorter than funicle ; first joint of funicle slightly longer than second-third, seventh transverse ; club ovate, almost the length of four preceding joints. Prothorax rather strongly transverse, apex not much narrower than base, but rather suddenly lessened, ocular lobes feeble; densely punctate. Hlytra oblong-cordate, apex con- jointly rounded ; striate-punctate, strie very feeble. Prosternal channel distinct, apex moderately emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth segments strongly drawn backwards at sides. Claw joint of anterior éarsz rather strongly exserted. Length, 27 mm.; rostrum, 7 mm. Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth. Possibly close to #. uwmbrosa (Blkb.), but without “an un- usually short robust antennal club;” appears to be close to ocellata (Blkb.), but the dark elytral patch is continued to beyond the middle, and the prothorax is without inequalities. I have two specimens, and both are males. STOREUS INDISTINCTUS, 7. SDe Male. Elliptic-ovate. Dark-red, elytra stained with piceous about the middle. Clothing somewhat resembling the preceding, but the dark patches on both prothorax and elytra are rather feebly defined, and are bounded by dingy ochreous scales. Rostrum with much feebler coste than in the preceding ; prosternal channel not so distinct, apex less deeply emarginate; abdomen with third and fourth segments less angular at sides, 183 and the anterior claw joint less strongly exserted. All else as in preceding. - Hab.—N.S.W.: Gaison: Very close to the preceding species, but I believe it to be distinct. STOREUS CONSUETUS, ”. sp. Male. Elliptic, moderately robust. Dull-red, metasternum somewhat darker. Head and basal portion cf rostrum with ochreous-white and moderately dense scales, denser between eyes than elsewhere. Upper-surface with ochreous and pale-ochreous scales, the elytra with a number of slightly darker subquadrate spots, the whole having a distinctly tesselated appearauce. Rostrum longer than prothorax and scutellum combined, straight to antenne, and then rather strongly bent downwards ; with sharply-raised costz (more or less concealed by clothing) continued, but feeble and irregular, beyond antenne. Antenne moderate ; scape inserted one fourth from apex of rostrum, about half passing, the length of funicle and two basal joints of club ; first joint of funicle almost the length of second-fourth, second distinctly longer than third, fourth transversely triangular, fifth- seventh strongly transverse; club ovate, longer than three pre- ceding joints. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides rounded, apex rather suddenly narrowed ; densely punctate. Hlytra sub- oblong-cordate, apex scarcely emarginate ; striate-punctate, strize very feeble. Prosternal channel distinct, apex deeply emarginate. Abdomen with fied, and fourth segments gently arcuate throughout. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, * mm. (female, 1 mm.). Female. Differs in having the rostrum longer and more strongly curved, less densely squamose, and the coste much feebler ; the antennz inserted almost in middle of rostrum, scape not passing apex, and almost the length of funicle and club com- kined ; club elliptic-ovate. Hab.—N.8.W.: Forest Reefs, Tamworth, Galston. It is possible that this species is Mr. Pascoe’s #. loneigera, but if so the words “‘ capite inter oculos abrupte calloso” are certainly misleading. The tesselation of the elytra is much as in ¢essellatus, but is rather less pronounced. STOREUS INVIDIOSUS, 7. sp. Male. Elliptic-ovate. Dull-red, elytra stained with piceous along suture; prothorax and metasternum brownish. Head closely covered with ochreous-white scales, slightly denser and narrower, and feebly raised between eyes; rostrum rather sparsely squamose to antennz, from thence to apex the sides very feebly setose. Prothorax with ochreous scales rather sparsely distributed, each side of base with a short stripe of 184 white scales; elytra with a feeble tesselated appearance, and with whitish scales forming a feeble semicircle about scutellum, a very feeble short fascia across suture at summit of posterior declivity, and a more distinct one across middle. Under-surface and legs with somewhat ochreous scales. Rostrum rather robust, moderately curved, scarcely longer than prothorax ; costee irregular and not acute, the median one divided from base to antennee. Antennze comparatively stout ; scape inserted two-fifths from apex, about one-fourth passing, shorter than funicle; funicle with second-fourth joints feebly doubled, first shorter than second-fourth, sixth-seventh trans- verse; club ovate. Prothorax transverse, apex considerably less than base, but not suddenly narrowed; cvarsely punctate. Elytra elongate-cordate, apex lightly emarginate ; seriate-punc- tate, punctures rather coarse. Prosternal channel distinct and rather deep, apex deeply emarginate, separation of anterior cox very distinct. Abdomen with third and fourth segments straight, except at sides. Length, 24 mm.; rostrum, $ mm. Hab.—N.S.W.: Galston, Sydney, Queanbeyan. Appears to be close to LE. ocellata (Blackburn), but the descrip- tion of the clothing, prothoracic tuberosities, and rostrum of that species will not fit any of my (seven) specimens. STOREUS JUVENCUS, 7. sp. Male. Hlongate-ovate. Red, metasternum somewhat darker. Head not very closely covered with pale ochreous-white scales, between the eyes rounder and paler than on vertex ; rostrum (except at extreme base) rather sparsely squamose, a few scales beyond antenn. Upper-surface with ochreous and pale-ochreous scales, giving it a rather distinctly tesselated appearance. Under-surface and legs with pale-ochreous scales. Rostrum moderately curved, the length of prothorax and scutellum combined, feebly diminishing from base to antenne ; acutely costate, the median costa narrower than the others; apical portion rather finely punctate. Scape inserted two-sevenths from apex of rostrum, more than half passing, shorter than funicle and club; first joint of funicle shorter than second- fourth, seventh transverse ; club ovate. Prothorax transverse, apex not much narrower than base. Hlytra elongate-cordate, apex emarginate ; striate-punctate, strive feeble, punctures rather large and subquadrate. Prosternal channel distinct and rather wide, apex not deeply emarginate. apes i with third and fourth segments feebly curved. Length, 21 mm.; rostrum, 2 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Bunbury. The scales between the eyes are very peculiar compared with those of all the other species known to me, ; etal 1S agg eel = —— = PAM 2 Ee PRR ped) TOO EETY GRRE Oar ek pe. G+ Death ah Sc rage SE as,’ ts vist: & ee te 185 STOREUS MEDIOCRIS, 7. sp. Male. Elongate-elliptic. Dark-red. Head and rostrum to antennz moderately densely clothed with dingy-white scales, denser between eyes than elsewhere. Upper-surface clothed with dingy-ochreous or griseous scales, having a feeble tesselated appearance. Rostrum feebly curved, the length of prothorax and scutellum combined, parallel (except for a very slight increase between base and antennz) ; with sharp, somewhat irregular cost«, which are more or less concealed by clothing ; the median costa con- tinued to apex, the others continued but feeble beyond antenne ; apex strongly punctate, the interspaces densely and finely punc- tate. Antenne comparatively stout ; Scape inserted one third from apex of rostrum, half passing, the length of funicle and first joint of club; first joint of funicle slightly longer than second-third, second distinctly longer than third, fourth-seventh transversely subtriangular; club ovate, slightly longer than usual in the sex, equal to four preceding joints. Prothorax widely transverse, sides strongly rounded, apex slightly narrower than base. Hlytra elongate-cordate, apex conjointly rounded ; seriate-punctate, punctures rather small, sides striate. Prosternal channel distinct, apex moderately deeply emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth segments strongly arcuate throughout, apical segment longer than usual. Anterior ftibie rather dis- tinctly bisinuate beneath; claw joint rather strongly exserted. Length, 23 mm.; rostrum, 3 mm. (female, mm.). Female. Differs in having the rostrum thinner (but not mueh longer), a little more noticeably curved, and without scales or cost ; the position of the median costa is entirely unmarked, and the Jateral ones are represented by rows of punctures; the antenne are slightly thinner, inserted in middle of rostrum, scape not extending to apex, and shorter than funicle, and the club is elongate-ovate. Hab.—N.S.W.: Hillgrove (Dr. ©. Hardcastle), Armidale (McDonald and Lea). The second-fourth joints of the funicle in the male are apparently feebly doubled. STOREUS OCCIDENTALIS, 1. sp. or var. Male. Close to the preceding, but differs in having the rostrum perfectly parallel between base and antenne, and very feebly incurved between antenne and apex, and slightly longer ; elytra more coarsely punctate, prosternal channel wider; third and fourth abdominal segments less arcuate, and the apical segment of normal size. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, 7 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Geraldton. N 186 Remarkably close to the preceding, but (leaving out of con- sideration the great distance apart at which they were obtained) the differences as noted above would appear to denote specific, or at least varietal rank. STOREUS VARIEGATUS, Bohem. In the male of this species the rostrum is supplied with seven cost, of which, however, the three median are not sharply defined, though sufficiently distinct ; the scape is slightly longer than the funicle and club combined, and the club is ovate. The female differs in having a much longer rostrum, carinate at sides only, feebly squamose at sides of base, and the apex sparsely punctate; the antenne are thinner, the scape just passes the apex of rostrum, and the club is elongate-ovate. The size is variable, and the males are usually, but not always, smaller than the females. There is usually to be seen a more or less V-shaped mark beyond the middle of the elytra, but in one specimen under examination the whole upper-surface is uniformly clothed with greyish scales. STOREUS (EMPLEsIS) MAJUSCULUS, BIKD. I have three specimens of this species. One of them, a male, has already been commented upon by Mr. Blackburn. It has the rostrum with six acute coste and a seventh (median) scarcely defined towards base, but moderately distinct towards apex. The female differs in having the costz defined only at the sides, the apex of rostrum with sparse elongate punctures and the club reddish (in the male it is blackish). The clothing is slightly variable. The antenne of both sexes are much as in S&S. variegatus. STOREUS (EMPLESIS) FILIROSTRIS, Pasc. -In the male of this species all the joints of the funicle are. apparently doubled (the seventh to a less noticeable extent.) This doubling is caused by an apparent short supplementary joint near _ the apex of each, except in the third, where it is basal. The rostrum has seven acute cost, but they are somewhat obscured by scales ; the median one terminates before the antenne, and the extreme lateral ones are continued beyond them. The female differs in having a longer and thinner rostrum, not sqamose except at extreme base ; carinz feeble, the three median obsolete, and with scattered small punctures; the antenne are longer and thinner, the scape terminates before apex of rostrum, and the club is elongate-ovate. ————————— a paris a eT 187 Femora dentate. Prosternum scarcely canaliculate Prosternum distinctly canaliculate. Rostrum black ... < FE Rostrum more or less red. Upper-surface entirely red } Upper-surface black, more or less variegated with red. Sutures of third and fourth abdominal] segments feebly arcuate throughout. Sutures straight, except at the sides Femora edentate. Intercoxal process of mesosternum level, almost level, with coxe. Rostrum piceous-black Rostrum red.: Funicle with first joint as long as the three following combined... Funicle with first joint ‘shorter than the three following combined. Club the length of three preceding joints Club the length of four preceding joints. Rostrum of male but little longer than prothorax Rostrum of male considerably longer than prothorax. Scape of male extending to apex of rostrum Scape of male considerably passing apex of rostrum. Funicle with seventh joint transverse Funicle with seventh joint as long as wide Intercoxal process depressed. Head tuberculate between eyes ‘ Head sometimes fasciculate, but never tuber- culate, between eyes. Upper-surface with more or less erect sete, in addition to the scales. Club red. Size very small Size very much larger Club black, or piceous-black. Prothorax suddenly lessened in front, size large. Scales on prothorax much paler at sides than on disc a Scales on prothorax almost uniformly blackish-brown J: Prothorax not suddenly lessened in front, size small. Scales pale. Body briefly ovate Body elongate-elliptic Scales dark. The white setz at sides very thin, size very small aF The white setz moderatel7 size larger .. — ! or out, variegatus, Boh. amenus, 0D. sp. variabilis,"n. sp. contortus, nN. sp. captiosus, n. sp. monticola, Blkb. lithostrotus, n. sp. femoralis, n. sp. ignobilis, n. sp. mundus, Blkb. gravis, Blkb. jfilirostris, Pasce. tuberculifrons n. sp. parvulus, n. sp. majusculus, Blkb., female. majusculus, Blkb., male. falsus, n. sp. canaliculatus, n. sp. setosus, N. sp. cryptorhynchus, n. sp inaMenuUs, 1. Sp 188 Upper-surface without erect setz. Club black or piceous-black. Elytra variegated with black and white scales along the suture... Elytral suture not specially variegated. Club the length of four preceding joints combined. Scape the sey er of funicle and club combined . ; Scape shorter ... Club shorter than four preceding joints combined. Metasternum and abdomen black Metasternum and abdomen red ... Club concolorous with or slightly paler than funicle. Elytra with scales forming an almost complete transverse black fascia behind the middle af Elytra withouta transverse black fascia. Prosternum very feebly canaliculate. Club shorter than four preceding joints ‘ Club the length ‘of four "preceding joints. Anterior tibiacurved throughout, rostrum of male considerably longer than prothorax Anterior tibia straight on its outer edge, rostrum of male very little longer than pro- thorax Prosternum, at least in front of the anterior coxe, distinctly canali- culate. * Scape slightly longer than funicle and club combined . Scape shorter than funicle and club combined. Funicle with first joint as long as three following combined. Scales of elytra forming a tesse- lated pattern. Funicle with seventh joint transverse Funicle with seventh joint not transverse Scales of elytra condensed to form a large whitish patch just beyond the middle Scales of elytra almost uniform in colour. Body ovate oe Body elongate-ovate Funicle with first joint shorter than three following com- bined. — bellusus, n. sp: umpotens, N. sp. brachyderes, n. spe. cyphirhinus, a. sp. pauperculus, n. sp. migrofasciatus, D. Sp. macrostylus, D. sp. arcuatus, n. sp. ellipticus, n. sp. dispar, n. sp. assimilis, Blkb. tessellatus, n. sp. epphipiger, n. sp. multiarticulatus, N. Sp. niveiceps, n. Sp. * The characters hereafter given refer only to the males. 189 Scales of elytra condensed to form a large black dorsal patch, commencing at the base. Abdomen, exeept extreme apex, black .. ? T.8.S., S.A., 1894. +It seems scarcely probable that Mr. Pascoe would designate a new genus, without at least referring to the species referable to it, and pre- viously described by him. use, p. 147. 190 think that a new genus is required to receive the four species. mentioned, together with a number described below, and some others with which I am acquainted, but do not describe through paucity of material; but until C. griseipila becomes better known, it seems advisable to refer them to Cyttalia. In these species I do not think that the scape can be said to pass the eye; it terminates below the eye, and either level with or just beyond a line drawn parallel with the prothorax from the extreme base of the eye, but if it were placed on the eye itself the termination of the scape would be at or just beyond its middle. The species here described have the following specific details in common:—Head densely punctate; between the eyes in female as wide as rostrum, in male (owing to the enlargement of the eyes) a little narrower. Rostrum stout, densely punctate. Prothorax distinctly transverse, densely punctate, its sete trans- versely decumbent, sides increasing in width to near base. Elytra wider than prothorax, parallel-sided, shuulders feebly rounded, striate-punctate. Femora thickened. The principal differences lie in the colour, length of rostrum, comparative length of the scape, and the elytral clothing and punctures. CYTTALIA IMPURA, 1”. sp. Reddish- or testaceous- brown ; legs reddish, the femora tinged with piceous in male; scape red, funicle (basal joint excepted) and club infuscate. Moderately densely and almost uniformly clothed with whitish sete.* Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax. Scape the length of funicle and club vombined. Punctures in elytral striez moderately large and subquadrate ; interstices feebly convex and rather feebly punctate. Anterior femora as thick as posterior, edentate. Length (including rostrum), 24—23 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Mount Barker, Albany. A. soberly coloured species. CYTTALIA PARVA, 7. sp. Testaceous-brown, elytra but little paler ; sterna and abdomen (the apical segments reddish) black, legs and antenne testaceous, club (basal joint excepted) blackish. Elytra moderately clothed with whitish sete, each of the interstices with a line of set. Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape slightly longer than funicle. Punctures in elytral strive moderately large, distinct * The clothing of the prothorax (except to a slight extent in its density) is uniform in all the species tabulated by me. On the under-surface it is: always white and denser and finer than on the elytra. 191 only towards base ; interstices slightly convex, very feebly punc- tate. Anterior femora edentate. Length, 17 mm. Hob.—W.A.: Mullewa. A dingy species, and the smallest one I am acquainted with in the genus. CYTTALIA NIGRICLAVA, 7. sp. Pale-testaceous ; under-surface (except apical segments of abdomen) tinged with piceous; club black. Elytra rather more densely setose than is usual. Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape almost the length of funicle and club combined. Punctures in elytral striz feeble ; interstices rather wide, almost flat, Leet) punctate. Anterior femora distinctly dentate. Length, 2 24 mm. Hab.—Swan River. A pale, moderately distinct species. CYTTALIA INORNATA, 7. sp. Testaceous, occasionally reddish-testaceous ; apical half of club infuseate. Clothing (except that on the upper-surface it is yellower) as in parva. Rostrum about two-thirds the length of prothorax, grooved in middle towards apex, and less noticeably so between middle and scrobes. Scape the length of funicle and club combined. Punc- tures in elytral striz distinct towards base, becoming feebler towards apex; interstices convex, moderately ge finely punc- tate. Anterior femora feebly dentate. Length, 23—3 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Albany, Mount Barker, Swan River, Geraldton. Somewhat variable in size, and slightly variable in the depth © of colour. CyTTALIA MACULATA, 1%. sp. Head and basal two-thirds of rostrum black, prothorax dark- red, its apex darker; elytra reddish-testaceous or reddish- piceous, each with a fairly distinct piceous spot about the middle ; under-surface (apical segments of abdomen excepted) piceous, legs testaceous ; antenne reddish, club and part of funicle in- fuscate. Each of the elytral interstices with a distinct line of rather stout whitish sete, elsewhere feebly setose. Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, feebly but noticeably curved. Eyes almost circular. Scape thin, the length of funicle and club combined. Punctures in elytral striz very distinct and subqnadrate, strie deeper towards sides than in middle. Anterior femora very feebly dentate. Length, 24 mm. Hab.—Geraldton, Swan Jtiver. Very distinct (as are also the three following species) on account of its colour. 192 CYTTALIA ACACIE, 1. sp. Head, rostrum (except apex), prothorax, and _ scutellum piceous ; elytra testaceous, tinged with piceous about scutellum and the sides, and very feebly along the suture; under-surface black in male, the abdomen excepted in female; legs and antenne testaceous, club black. LElytra with moderately dense, short setze or pubescence, interstices each with a line of comparatively short sete. Rostrum subequal in length with prothorax, feebly curved. Scape the length of funicle only. Punctures in elytral strie very distinct towards base and sides; striz deeper at sides than in middle ; interstices convex, scarcely visibly punctate. Anterior femora edentate. Length, 24 mm. Hab.—Geraldton. Specimens were beaten in abundance from Acacia blossoms, and were usually densely covered with pollen. CYTTALIA NIGRA, 7”. sp. Entirely black. Elytra with fine white pubescence, each of the elytral interstices with a line of short sete, not (as in all the other species here described, except zmpura) placed in single file. Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape slightly shorter than funicle. Elytra strongly striate-punctate, punctures everywhere distinct, striz (especially towards sides and suture) rather deep, interstices convex and Renney punctate towards base. Anterior femora edentate. Length, 2$—-3 mm. Hab.—Swan River. Numerous specimens were obtained by means of the sweep net. CYTTALIA RUFIPES, 1. sp. Black, legs and antennz (club black) pale reddish-testaceous. Elytra with short yellowish pubescence, and with fine lines of yellowish sete. Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape slightly shorter than funicle. Punctures in elytral striz feeble except towards base and sides ; interstices feebly convex, and rather densely punctate. Four anterior femora edentate, teeth of posterior large, but smaller than usual. Length, 21-93 mm. Hab.—Swan River. CyrraLiA SYDNEYENSIS, Blackb. Mr. Blackburn, at the foot of his description of this species, remarks having seen examples with a blackish metasternum, &c., and of which he says, ‘I cannot satisfy myself represent a dis- tinct species.” I have a pair taken in cop, in which the meta- sternum and scutellum are black in tne male, and scarcely 193 e.g., ventralis and acacie. C. TARSALIS, Blackb. C. Ericusoni, Pasc. C. VENTRALIS, Pasc. Derm reddish or testaceous, elytra almost or quite concolorous with prothorax. Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax. Club and almost the entire funicle infuscate Club infuscate, funicle not Rostrum the length of or slightly shorter than prothorax. Tarsi infuscate Tarsi concolorous with tibiz. : Length (including rostrum) less than 2 mm. ... Length at least 25 mm. Club entirely black ... Apex only of club black (or piceous). Metasternum black; abdomen red in female, black in male Ms Metasternum and abdomen reddish, not sexually variable. Rostrum feebly or moderately grooved in middle near apex ... Rostrum not grooved ~ Elytra with two piceous spots... Prothorax piceous ; elytra pallid tinged with piceous about scutellum and along suture Black. Legs black Legs pallid GLAUCOPELA RUFA, 7. sp. Dark-red, sterna sometimes piceous. darker than the general colour in the female. variation of the under-surface appears in several other species, This sexual Hab.—N.S.W.: Queanbeyan. Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth. Hab.—W.A.: Geraldton, Swan River. impura, N. sp. Sydneyensis, Blkb. tarsalis, Blkb. parva, n. sp. negriclava, n. sp. ventralis, Pasc. inornata, N. sp. Erichsont, Pasce. maculata, n. sp. acacie, n. sp. nigra, Nn. sp. rufipes, n. Sp. Clothed with yellowish setose pubescence, on the prothorax leaving six nude spaces— one on each side, two at base, and two at apex; elytra with pubescence more or less linear in arrangement and frequently interrupted, and leaving three more or less distinct semi-nude ‘spaces—one near base, one near apex, and one behind middle. Under-surface with greyish-yellow pubescence. Eyes large, round, depressed. Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax, sexually variable in length ; finely punctate; shining. Prothorax transverse, sides rounded, base about twice the width of apex ; densely and strongly punctate. Hlytra wide, short, much wider than prothorax ; punctate-striate, interstices wider than strie, and seriate-punctate. Length, 2 mm.; rostrum, 3—% mm.; width, 1} mm. Hab.—W.A.: Swan River; N.S.W.: Whitton. In colour this species is different to all its described congeners, being of an uniform dark- or brownish-red. The rostrum is 194 decidedly longer than usual, but the insertion of the scape is as: in all the other species. GLAUCOPELA INSTABILIS, 7. sp. Black; rostrum (except base), anteane, tibiz, and tarsi red. Upper-surface with white or whitish scales, mixed with black or other scales ; under-surface and femora with white scales, tinged with blue or green. . Rostrum rather wide, shorter than prothorax ; strongly punc- tate, more densely towards base than apex. Prothorax almost twice as wide as long; densely punctate. Hlytru suboblong, con- siderably wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex ;. striate-punctate, interstices rather wide, feebly convex, and finely punctate. Length, 2 mm.; rostrum, 2 mm.; width, 1 mm. Hab.—W.A.: Geraldton, Swan River, Beverley. The clothing of this species is excessively variable, and is not exactly the same in any two specimens out of about forty under examination. The scales on the prothorax are usually paler at the sides than on the disc; there is usually a pale median line dividing two dark patches of scales; sometimes the line is entirely absent, and the discal scales may be entirely black, or coppery-yellow, or of a dull-white ; in an occasional specimen the prothorax is clothed with black scales, except for a feeble line of white at the base and side. The clothing of the elytra is even more variable than of the prothorax, the paler scales may be of a dead-white, or coppery, or tinged with blue; they may onan almost the entire surface, or be distributed as feeble spots ; some specimens the black scales form six more or less distinct spots; in others the white scales form scutellar and sutural markings, and three more or less interrupted transverse fasciz. Derm reddish i. ag ... TUfo, D. Sp. Derm black or piceous- black. Legs red ... ae .. fuscomarmorea, Blkb. Femora black, tibize and tarsi red. Clothing uniform ... ep .. varipes, Blkb. Clothing more or less variegated. Klytra syuamose aud setose Ei ... distineta, Blkb. Klytra squamose only... ; instabilis, n. sp. G. unicolor (Pascoe) is fae as hs two lines in length. Of the above species distincta is the largest, and measures but one and one-half lines. MYOsITTA CARPOPHAGA, 1. sp. Head and rostrum red, prothorax reddish-testaceous; elytra, under surface, legs, and antennz testaceous. Clothed with very fine yellow pubescence, absent on head (except between eyes) and! dise of prothorax. 195 Head densely punctate, finely towards base, coarsely between eyes; eyes ovate. Rostrum moderately stout, feebly curved, finely punctate, in male the length of prothorax, in female dis- tinctly longer. Scape slightly longer than funicle, in male inserted distinctly nearer apex than base of rostrum and con- siderably passing apex, in female inserted almost in exact middle and just passing apex. Prothorax transverse, sides rounded and: increasing to base, densely and slightly irregularly punctate. Scutellum semicircular, finely punctate. Hlytra longer than prothorax, head, and rostrum combined, and not much wider than prothorax, sides parallel to near apex, shoulders oblique ; striate- punctate, punctures subquadrate, larger in male than in female ; interstices convex, finely punctate. Under-surface densely and finely punctate. Hemora thickened; posterior very strongly, intermediate slightly, anterior not at all dentate. Length, male, 6 mm.; rostrum, 14}mm.; width, 2 min.; (female, length, 62 mm.;. rostrum. 12 mm.). Hab.—N.8.W.; Galston. (Reared and beaten from: cones of a species of Banksia). : A pallid species allied to cirrifera (Pascoe) from which it is readily distinguished by its narrower form, paler colour, and absence of elytral spots. It appears to be close to tabida (Pascoe) but differs from the description of that species in being consider- ably larger, and with a transverse prothorax ; the elytra are elongate and parallel-sided, and each of their punctures (when seen from above) appears to be surrounded by a darker ring. Pascoe says of tabida that they “appear in certain lights to be surrounded by a paler ring.” MyosITTA APIONOMORPHA, 7. sp. Black (the female occasionally dark piceous-brown) ; scape and first joint of funicle red, rest of the antennez black. Elytra with short and very sparse adpressed white sete, and with longer sparse and suberect sete ; under-surface with moderately dense white pubescence. Head strongly punctate between eyes, finely and sparsely towards base ; eyes subovate, more prominent, and less widely separated in male than in female. Rostrum rather slender, slightly curved, distinctly longer than prothorax; with rather strong elongate punctures; a distinct longitudinal impression between antenne. Scape the length of funicle, inserted at about one-third from, and considerably passing apex of rostrum in male, in female inserted at about two-fifths from and just passing apex. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, sides rounded and increasing to near base; densely but somewhat irregularly 196 and shallowly punctate. Scutellum transverse, semicircular, finely punctate. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, shoulders slightly rounded, sides in male parallel to near apex, in female slightly dilating to beyond the middle; feebly striate, strongly punctate, punctures larger and closer together in male than in female ; interstices feebly convex, highly polished and scarcely visibly punctate, in female wider than punctures, in male wider on disc, narrower on sides. Under-surface minutely punctate, metasternum almost microscopically transversely corrugate. Legs rather long; femora thickened, all (but especially the posterior pair) very strongly dentate. Length, male, 34 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 1+ mm. (female, length, 42 mm.; rostrum, 13 mm.). Hab.—Galston (on Banksia sp., Dumbrell and Lea). Very distinct from any previously described species. MyosITTA BANKSIZ, 7. sp. Of an uniform (except that the antenne and legs are very slightly paler) and rather dark-red. Sides of prothorax with yellowish pubescence; elytra with sparse, semi-erect, stout, yellow sete ; under-surface very sparsely pubescent (except in front of anterior coxe, between and at sides of intermediate and at sides of posterior coxe). Head densely punctate, moderately coarsely between eyes, finely towards base; eyes large, subovate, larger and more prominent in male than in female. Rostrum cf male the length of prothorax, distinctly curved; strongly punctate; with a distinct — longitudinal impression between antenne ; of female considerably longer than prothorax, and almost straight. Antenne as in pre- ceding, except that the scape is longer than the funicle. Prothorax transverse, sides rounded, base but little wider than apex ; moderately densely but shallowly punctate ; with an almost impuncsate median line. Scwtellwm small, subtriangular. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, shoulders rounded ; sides in female parallel to near apex, in male very feebly decreasing from shoulders ; striate punctate, punctures moderately large ; inter- stices wider than punctures, convex, and frequently transversely impressed, so that each appears to be composed of feeble oblong spaces having a slightly granulate appearance. Under-surface highly polished, very minutely punctate. Legs moderately long ; femora thickened, posterior very strongly dentate, the others rather feebly dentate. Length, male, 41 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 12 mm. (female, length, 42 mm.; rostrum, 12 mm.). SS once nate (on several species of Banksia, Dumbrell and ea). 197 A large female measures 6 mm. The species is allied to the _ preceding, from which, however, it is abundantly distinct. I know of no other species possessing similar elytral interstices. _ From the description of rujwla (Pascoe) it differs in being very shining and differently clothed, third tarsal joint not strongly dilated, &c. M. crrrirera, Pasc. Hab.—Galston, Tasmania. _M. metanocerpnara, Pasc. Hab —King George’s Sound, Swan River. 198 ‘NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF KANGAROO ISLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EVIDENCES OF EXTINCT GLACIAL ACTION, By Watrer Howcury, F.G:S. Plates IV., V. [Read July 4, 1899.] On several previous occasions I have been permitted to place before this Society notes in elucidation of the extinct glacial field comprehended within the limits of the Cape Jervis Penin- sula. At the southern extremity of this area, more particularly, there occurs some very striking illustrations of Glacial Till, forming low coastal hills a hundred feet in height. From the Lighthouse situated at the Cape the cliffs of Kangaroo Island are clearly distinguishable across the Strait at a minimum dis- tance of eight miles. From the thickness of the glacial deposits at the Cape it appeared highly probable that they would be found, if searched for, on Kangaroo Island as well as on the mainland. The earliest opportunity was seized to test this point by a visit to the Isiand undertaken in the last week of 1898. Whilst pursuing the main object of my visit during the limited time at my disposal, I was able to make a few general observations on the geology of the Island, which may conveniently be included in the present paper. EOcENE. Queenscliffe.—At Beare’s Point, a little north of the Queenscliffe _ Jetty, and fora mile to the southward of the Point, the cliffs consist of Kocene limestones. Near the Jetty the stone is almost entirely polyzoanal in composition, and in places is so loosely cemented that it frets away rapidly by exposure to the weather. About half a mile from the Jetty, on the south side, the lime- stone becomes stronger, and is of a bright pink colour, undis- tinguishable from the pink-coloured Eocene limestone of the head waters of the Hindmarsh River.* The limestone is quarried on the beach and shipped for flux. Near the Jetty the Eocene beds © have a dip of 15° 8.E., which increases in a southerly direction to 25° S.E., where they pass out of sight under more recent formations. “Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc., 8. Aus., vol. XXII., 1898, p. 15. 199 For about a mile on their southern limits these Tertiary beds sare overlain by a remarkable travertine conglomerate, the in- -cluded stones consisting entirely of rounded pebbles of basalt, which appear in striking contrast to the white cement in which they are embedded. The parent rock from which the basalt has been derived exists in situ about one-and-a-half miles to the north-west. The conglomerate reaches a maximum thickness of from three to four feet, and is sparingly fossiliferous. Two shells, Truncatella marginata and 7’. scalarina, are present in consider- -able numbers. The Truncatelle have their habitat in the higher littoral zone, and as the bed in which they have beeu preserved ‘is from ten to twelve feet above present sea level, it supplies evidences of an elevation of the coast line within recent times. ‘The exclusive character of the embedded stones makes it probable either that the basaltic sheet, just referred to as their source, extended as far south as the site of the conglomerate bed at the time of its formation, or that the deposit was formed at the mouth of a river which had its drainage almost exclusively over the basaltic area. Smith's Bay.—An inconspicuous outcrop of Eocene limestone also occurs in Section 317, Hundred of Menzies, on the banks of a creek a little west of the Cape Borda main road. It is situated about two miles south-west of Smith’s Bay. The fossiliferous limestone occurs in broken fragments on the surface of the -ground. BasaLt. Kingscote and Gap Hills.—The sea cliffs which trend north from Queenscliffe Jetty exhibit some very interesting geological features. At the old Jetty near Kingscote, three quarters of a mile north of Queenscliffe, a very instructive section is visible A basaltic cap, about a hundred feet in maximum thickness, forms the greater part of the cliff face, thinning out to nothing on either side. The igneous rock is greatly jointed, both vertically and horizontally, breaking up by weather action into vertical prisms of small size. This fissured condition of the stone makes it readily serviceable for road metal, and formally it was shipped to Port Adelaide for this purpose. The basalt at this point occupies an eroded valley about a quarter of a mile wide, in ‘a white, friable, quartzose sandstone, which sometimes passes into a coarse grit. The sandstone is horizontal, and in places exhibits false bedding. It has a thick- ness of about 40 feet at Kingscote, and contains, particularly near its base, large concretionary nodules of ironstone. As these ferruginous concretions, when exposed, weather into large cup- shaped masses, they are sometimes locally used as drinking troughs for poultry. 200 The basaltic cap continues uninterruptedly along the high ground from Kingscote to the Bluff, at the entrance to the Bay of Shoals, a distance of about two miles. It is evident that originally this basaltic sheet covered a much greater extent of country than it does at present, having been subjected to exten- sive denudation that has broken up the original igneous piateau into isolated areas, separated by miles of low land. It reappears at Rettie’s Bluff, five miles to the west of Kingscote, and forms. the table-topped summits of the Gap Hills, extending in a lineal direction, with some interruptions, from Kingscote to Smith’s Bay, a distance of twelve miles. The underlying sandstone, already referred to, can be traced round the Kingscote Point to the Bluff, and reappears under the basalt in the Gap Hills, and extends at least as far as Smith’s Bay. At the latter place, near the residence of Mr. George Turner, the sandstone was eroded, before the volcanic overfiow, into a considerable mound, around and over which the basalt has. flowed. The section can be seen in a deep gully that has been cut through the igneous cap, and exposed the underlying beds. The geological age to which this igneous activity must be re- ferred is at present uncertain, but probably it took place in late Tertiary, or even Post Tertiary times, and might be synchronous. with the great volcanic phenomena that was a marked feature of the Mount Gambier and Southern Victorian areas about that period. GLACIAL. Kingscote.—In the sea cliffs at Kingscote the white sandstone underlying the basalt is itself underlain by a stiff, blue, and mottled clay at sea level, which continues in a southerly direc- tion to the Queenscliffe Jetty, and follows the coast to the north- ward along the southern shores of the Bay of Shoals. Its presence on the beach makes the ground sticky and unpleasant to walk upon. The line of junction between this clay and the Eocene beds at Beare’s Point is not very distinct, but appearances seem to indicate that it occupies a position inferior to the Tertiary limestones. Resting on this clay along the beach a few erratics’ were noticed, consisting chiefly of quartzites and comparatively large boulders of a creamy white quartz. There were also a few large and round nodules of flint present, the origin of which is doubt- tul, but they have probably been brought there by human agency. As to the age of this clay, the evidences are by no means clear, but from what I saw subsequently in my journey, I am inclined to think that this beach clay may be the boulder clay of the district. The comparative absence of boulders from this 4 3 201 part of the beach may be accounted for by the slight amount of denudation to which the clay has been subjected at this point. I regret that I had not time to re-examine this ground on my return journey. Bay of Shoals.—After rounding the Bluff in the Bay of Shoals the cliffs become low and uniform, composed of a reddish clay covered with travertine. Ja * ) i #i = = » > a <_ gy s 5 7 > ow re ig «oe, > Be ala ve aS = \ eo oe a “a o na a ‘Se AEE ' i. <3 ’ ¥ 3 ve @ we 5 ‘»- o' a “se 4a vie ° app ! 1 "my . ad y \ . \ j . ° . 5 ,e ’ @ .— = ae, iP? s f D2 Vol, XXIII. Plate V. Aw a . ) : X| BASALT | ‘WHITE SANDSTONE | ) ‘; GLACIAL CLAY | | | | | | ! Stone HeserreN PLAN OF PART OF HUNDRED OF MENZIES, — KANGAROO ISLAND. sas ~was- ee ae = y- eh <= . 5 Chain 60,70 00 50 4040 20 0 0 — | a E — 0 =. | exw a et | gnerv( NOLL, pig uy iin ——-\ an| | ee oe a LNs 3 ase SON Se? al aa Se Fake | tp he, OZ: Vol. XXIII. Plate V. BASALT “WHITE SANDSTONE ', GLACIAL CLAY 14. 207 ice of no great thickness, and therefore incapable of transporting stones of large size. These suggestions are only thrown out as possible causes for the peculiar features of these beds rather than any settled conviction as to their origin. The geological age of this formation is doubtful. It does not appear to have been subjected to the metamorphic action that has converted the sandstones of the Mount Lofty Ranges into quartzites. It is free from vein quartz, which is a genera! feature of the latter, as well as being more friable. The derived lime- stones in the Breccia-beds are crypto-crystalline, and resemble some of the Cambrian marbles, but no fossils have been detected in them. If the Breccia-beds are genuinely glacial in their origin, they are certainly much older than the glacial clays and erratics more particularly described in this paper, for the following reasons :— 1. No erratics at all comparable in size to those scattered over the surface occur in the Breccia-beds. The size of the stones in the latter seldom exceeded a foot in diameter. 2. Whilst some of the glacial erratics rested on the eroded edges of the sandstone and Breccias, there is no lithological similarity between the superficial erratics and the fragments which make up the Breccias. 3. At several points the boulder clay is seen to rest uncon- formably on the eroded edges of the Point Marsden series. Judging from the general appearance of the sandstone, together with the occurrence of derived (?) Cambrian limestones in its Breccias, I am disposed to regard it as belonging to one of the middle or upper Paleozoic periods. The shale beds that are included in the series might be carefully searched for fossils with some hope of success. Great interest attaches to the westward extension of these beds, as their junction with the older rocks will probably be found in that direction, and might show an unconformability. 208 NOTES UPON SOME FOSSIL REPTILIAN REMAINS FROM THE VWARBURTON RIVER, NEAR LAKE EYRE. By A. Zrerz, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c., Assistant Director of the S.A. Museum. [Read September 5, 1899. ] In the year 1859 Prof. R. Owen described and figured some fossils in the Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society, London, vol. CXLIX., consisting of three vertebree of a gigantic land lizard from the (Pleistocene?) deposits forming the bed of a tributary of the Condamine River, West of Moreton Bay, and named it Megalania prisca. In his description he points out its close relationship to the recent Varanida. For vomparison with the fossils, figures are also given of the vertebre of the Varanus gioanteus from Central Australia. In a second paper by the same author, which appeared in 1880, ‘‘dorsal,” ‘“‘ sacral” and caudal vertebre, a skull* and a fragment of the same are figured and described. In the Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 1886, Prof. R. Owen described and figured the sacrum and foot-bones, which, however, are stated by A. S. Woodward, Ann Mag. Nat. History, 1886, to be those of some large Marsupial. + In 1888, A. S. Woodward, in a paper “On the Extinct Reptilian Genera Megalania (Owen) and Meolania (Owen),” gives a summary of previous observations, and proposes the new name Meiolania Owenit for a Chelonian, which name has also been adopted by Lydekker in the Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia, &c., in the British Museum. Woodward further states—‘ It appears that under Megalania prisca have been included (1) Lacertilian vertebre and an occi- pital fragment, (2) Chelonian skull and tail-sheath, (3) Marsupial foot-bones.” The first necessarily form the type specimens of the genus and species, and the last are obviously at once excluded from con sideration, In the S.A. Government Geologist’s Report for 1894, in 3 supp ae cee oe Mr. R. . Etheridge, junr., Paleo . ologist “A. 8S. Woodward states this skull to ee to a Biadioneath’ t Diprotodon (A. Z.). } See British Museum Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia, &e., Part III., p. 166. 209 in the Australian Museum, Sydney, “Qn the Occurrence of Megalania (Owen) (sensu stricto) in South Australia,” two vertebre are figured and described: Plate I., figs. 1, 2, 4, and Plate II., figs. L 2. The first is stated to be “a dorsal vertebra, probably ‘from an immature individual, &e. It appears to corre- spond well with the dorsal vertebre figured by the late Sir R. Owen, F.R.S., in his first paper on Megalania.” ‘This is un- doubtedly a true Varanus vertebra. Plate II. figs. 1-2. represent a vertebra which is described as “one of the lumbar series, very much larger than the dorsal.” This vertebra, however, does not belong to Megalania, but is a true Crocodilian vertebra, and evidently belongs to the same species of crocodile, of which three vertebre have have previously received by the 8.A. Museum from Messrs. W. R. Cave & Co., jn 1888. These were obtained with the following fossils from the bed of the Warburton River, near Lake Eyre ; probably from the same locality where Mr. Brown obtained his specimens. Fragments of lower jaw of Nototherium, fragments of Diprotodon bones, frag- ments of Kangaroo bones, dorsal vertebra of Varanus (Megalania) priscus, tail vertebra, unguinal phalanx, phalanx, three vertebre, fragments of dermal scutae of Crocodile, fragments of carapace and plastron of two Chelonian species, Chelodina insculpta, De Vis, and Chelymys uberrima, De Vis, and fragments of skull of a Siluroid fish. All these bones are more or less petrified: and judging from their appearance and their fragmentary and often water-worn condition, seem to have been washed out of the sand and clay banks by floods, as already stated by Mr. Brown in his report of 1894. The deposit, from which these fossils originate, was not found by him, although he travelled about 50 miles up the river. Lydekker, in the Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia in the Britisn Museum, vol. I., page 284, points out the close relationship of Varanus (Megalania) priscus (Owen) to an extinct Indian species ( Varanus sivalensis). This species, as well as V. priscus, compared with our recent forms, owns proportionally shorter and stouter-built vertebree than the latter. Owen says in his paper, “The chief peculiarity of the Australian fossil Lizard is its great size ; the vertebre rival in bulk those of the largest living crocodiles. Its estimated length was about 20 feet.” The vertebre have already been figured, but not the phalanx, the unguinal phalanx (which measures over two inches in length), and which, as it appears to me, have not been found before. The unguinal phalanx agrees very well, excepting its enormous size, with the corresponding one of Varanus giganteus, the “Perentie,” which is stated to attain a total length of eight feet. 210 Judging from the much smaller size of the Warburton River fossils in comparison with those from the Condamine River deposits, they appear to belong toa much smaller and hitherto undescribed species, for which I propose the name VARANUS W ARBURTONENSIS. aie In the following table measurements are given of one of the two vertebree ander consideration, and also one of those described by Prof. Owen from the Canaanite River, Queensland. Condamine R. Warburton R. In. Lines. In. Lines. Length of centrum ... 3 3 2 4 Length of non-articular lower surface of centrum 2 0 1 + Breadth of centrum, behind the ball L sie 1 2 Vertical diameter of centrum behind the ball 1 4 0 9 Vertical diameter of cup 1 9 1 2 Transverse diameter of cup__.... 2 5 1 6 Breadth of neural arch above the costal tubercles 4 | p 2 6 Vertical diameter from highest part of neural arch 3 4 2 3 Transverse diameter of anterior outlet of neural canal : 0 9 0 6 Transverse diameter of posterior outlet of neural canal 0 4 0 3 Vertical diameter of anterior outlet of neural canal 0 3 0 4 Vertical diameter of posterior outlet of neural canal 0 5 0 5: Longest diameter of anterior zygopophysis 1 6 Ost i Vertical diameter of costal tubercle ] 0 0 i Transverse diameter of costal tubercle 0 7 0 6 Antero-posterior extent cf vase of neuro- pophysis i ae 1 2 NOTES ON MELONITE (NICKEL-TELLURIDE) FROM WoORTURPA, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By Atrrep J. Hiaern, Lecturer on Chemistry, University of Adelaide. [Read September 5, 1899. ] Three separate samples of the telluride lately found at Worturpa were sent to me, all of which I found to be identical in appearance. The telluride occurs with quartz and calcite in thin lamelle, hut not showing distinct crystalline form. It has a brilliant metallic lustre. The colour of the cleavage planes by direct reflection is silver-white ; in oblique directions, reddish-brown ; on the fractured faces of a more bronze-like hue. The hardness is 1°; sp. gr., 7-6; streak lead-grey. A qualitative analysis proved that the mineral was telluride of nickel, contain- ing traces of bismuth and lead, and a variable quantity of free gold. A quantitative analysis of the mineral gave the following results :— (1) (2) Per cent. Per cent. Insoluble matter... we 2-091 319 Gold... ye ze 329 ‘018 Nickel ... at 1. 2-99 21-274 Tellurium ee, £120 474-49 71:500 99-90 100°111 The material for analysis was picked out when the stone had been broken up, and is, as will be seen, nearly free from foreign matter. There can be no doubt from these analyses that the mineral is melonite, Ni, Te,. This would require— Per cent. Nickel sy wort AZO Tellurium ... EJ H06:49 100-00 This mineral has, so far as I am able to ascertain, only been found in one place, viz., in the Stanislaus mine, California, U.S. of America. It is described by Genth in a paper entitled ‘“ Contributions to Mineralogy,” published in the American Journal of Science, vol. XLV., 1868. Geuth states that he only obtained a small 212 amount of the mineral, and then it was not pure, but mixed with quartz and small quantities of Hessite, Altaite, and, possibly, Native Tellurium. The mineral has, he states, a metallic lustre, and is of reddish- white colour, similar to bismuth. He observed one microscopic but perfect six-sided plate, but states that the largest portion was in indistinct yranular and foliated particles with eminent basal cleavage. This description does not quite agree with the appear- ance of the mineral from Worturpa, but probably the latter is purer than that examined by Geuth. In some places the telluride of nickel from Worturpa has undergone oxidation, staining the surrounding matrix either green or yellow. ‘There was not sufficient of the oxidation pro- duct present to enable me to determine its composition. But it is probably tellurite of nickel. I examined several portions of the mineral in order to ascer- tain whether the gold was present in the free state or combined with tellurium. On dissolving the mineral in nitric acid, even when very dilute acid was used, the gold was always obtained in bright spangles, sometimes of considerable size, but even the smallest particles showed, when examined under the microscope, a bright shining surface. Though the gold occurs in the free state in all the samples submitted to me, it is highly probable that it was in combination with Tellurium, and that the Telluride of gold has undergone decomposition. It would be of interest to examine samples of the mineral obtained from a greater depth in the lode, where there could be no possibility of oxidation occurring. All the samples were examined for Selenium and Cobalt, but none was found present. A REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN CYCLOSTREMATIDZ AND LIOTIID. By Proressor Ratpu Tare. [Read September 5, 1899. ] Plates VI., VIT. _ This communication was submitted to this Society, August 2, 1898, but by reason of inability to prepare illustrations in time for issue in the volume for 1898, its publication was deferred. A brief abstract appears, however, on p. 239 of that volume, and therein is established the generic names Cyclostremella and Pseudoliotia. Inthe interval some additional information has been collected or published, notably the illustrations of Lotia Loddere by Mr. Hedley, and that five speeies of Cyclostrema and one of Liotia have been elaborated by Dr. Verco, the diagnoses of which, and accompanying illustrations in a published form, are deferred till his return from Europe ; also, my attention has been drawn by Mr. Hedley to a paper by Miss Bush on “A Revision of Cyclostrema and Related Genera belonging to the Atlantic Fauna of America” (Trans. Connecticut Acad., 1897), wherein a new genus Cyclostremella is founded, which necessitates a new name for the genus typefied by Liotia Loddere. The limits of the genera Cyclostrema and Liotia are not so exact as to permit in all cases of a safe reference to one or the Other. The conchological characters largely relied on for Cyclostrema are a thin vitreous test, entire, simple non-varicosed aperture, and a multispiral operculum. For Liotia, a stout perlaceous test, last whorl descending at the front, aperture variced and entire, operculum spiral and covered with calcareous granules. As to the animal, that of Ziotia is only known, and to the following extent: ‘‘does not possess intertentacular lobes, but the foot is furnished with lateral filaments, as in Trochide” (A. Adams, in P.Z.8., 1863). As a result of a study of the larger number of Australian species embraced in the families Cyclostrematidz and Liotiide, I find that several species have been wrongly assigned to their respective families. Thus, for instance, Cyclostrema micans and ___Liotia Angasi have solid shells, with an entire aperture, but not _ distinctly varicosed; by comparison of types in the British Museum, they are one and the same species, and as the test is ; 214 not pearly inside the family reference should be to Cyclostre- matide, a position confirmed by my personal knowledge of its operculum. Another species of dubious generic location is Liotia Loddere, which, because of its thickened aperture, has a Liotia- like aspect; but its vitreous test, in the absence of other charac- ters, makes it desirable to relegate it also to Cyclostrematide. Having applied the above-mentioned conchological tests to many of our reputed species of these two families, I hope that my verdicts thereon may facilitate the preparation of a complete revision of them. FAMILY CYCLOSTREMATIDA:. Cyclostrema is a heterogeneous assemblage of species, embracing such divergent characters as— 1. TexturE—a, porcellonous and thick, as in C. mucans; 6, translucent and thin, as in C. Jatez. 2. SHapE—a, turbinate, as C. tenera, Jeffreys, and C. conica, Watson ; 6, discoid, as C. nivea, A. Ad.; c, planorbiform, as C. cyclotuna, A. Ad. 3. APERTURE—a, simple, as in C. Tater; 6, thickened, as in C’. micans ; c, varicosely margined, as in C. Loddere. 4. UmpBiticus—a, wide in C. Zatei; 6b, almost obliterated in C. micans. 5, PERITREME continuous or incomplete. These multifarious elements indicate that Cyclostrema, in an extended sense, is heterogeneously composed, and in my treatment of the Australian species I have endeavoured to arrange them in genera and sections best in accord with morphological charac- teristics—anatomical features still remain unascertained ; never- theless, I have added difficulties by the inclusion of three species of doubtful classificatory position. Genus Cyciostrema, Marryatt, 1818. Shell depressed ; test thin, hyaline, usually spirally lined or ridged ; aperture simple ; umbilicus open. The genus Vitrinella, C. B. Adams, does not appear to me to be distinct from the typical Cyclostrematids. SECTION CYCLOSTREMA, Ss. S. The characters of the genus. Section Tupiota, A. Adams, 1864. Shell turbinate ; thin, opaque-white, and usually inornate. The genus Cirsonella, Angas, which was placed provisionally by its author among Trochide, is, in my opinion, reducible to this section. Fischer, Man. Conch., and Tryon, Man. Conch., X., p. 16, place it subgenerically under Z%nostoma. Tinostoma is not considered by me a member of the family. 215 Genus LopperiA, Zate, 1899. Differs from Cyclostrema, s. s., by its varicosely margined aperture. Type: Liotia Loddere, Petterd. Genus PsEupo.ioTia, Z'ate, 1898. © Shell somewhat like Ziotia; test thick and porcellanous ; aperture oblique to the axis, its margin thickened ; umbilicus reduced to a mere chink ; operculum horny, multispiral. Type: Cyclostrema micans, A. Adams; it recalls Mdélleria, which is differentiated by a calcareous operculum. Judging from pub- lished figure and description, Cyclostrema eburnea, Nevill, is congeneric. CATALOGUE OF THE AUSTRALIAN CYCLOSTREMATID i. GENUS CYCLOSTREMA, S. Ss. 1, Cyelostrema Tatei, Angas. P.Z.S., 1878, p. 862, t. 54, fig. 10. The ornamentation of the the shell of this species varies from eight spiral ribs to nearly smooth. The many keeled form resembles ©. cingulifera, A. Adams, whilst the smooth form simulates C. levis, Kiener. Reeve, in his Monograph of the genus records these Japanese species as also from Port Lincoln. My comparison of C. Yate with the British Museum examples of C. cingulifera leaves me in doubt of their specific identity, chiefly on account of the very large size of the Japanese shells. Until Mr. Edgar Smith has given his opinion on the question, which he kindly promised to do, I shall expunge C. cingulifera and C. levis from the South Australian fauna, as I tentatively regard Reeve’s Australian reference to belong to C. Tatez. The species is confined to St. Vincent Gulf, and the coast to the westward thereof. (R. Tate). 2. Cyelostrema Harriettz, Petterd. Journ. Conch., p. 141 (1884). This Tasmanian species, types of which I have had under com- parison, is closely related to C. Tatez, but differs by its reguiarly disposed spiral threads, transversely and closely striated (not oblique and distant), depressed spire, and by the subtruncate periphery of the last whorl. Also Holdfast Bay, S. Australia (R.T.). 3. Cyelostrema Johnstoni, Beddome. Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1882, p. 168 (1883). Pl. vii., figs. 7 a-b. A depressed shell, ornamented with sharp elevated transverse ribs (about 35 on body-whorl), intercostal spaces without sculp- _ ture; aperture entire, not thickened. 216 It is very like C. Archeri, Tryon. Man. X., p. 89, t. 33, fig. 84, 1888, but “ peristome thickened” does not apply, though his figure does not portray that character. The species belongs to Tasmania. Cyelostrema insecriptum, spec. nov. PI. vii., figs. 3 a-b. Shell minute, very fragile, discoidal, diaphanous, widely um- bilicated. Spire flat, not rising above the plane of the last whorl. Whorls four, convex, with a gentle antesutural slope ; surface smooth and shining, but incremental striz are visible under a pocket-lense.. Aperture roundly oval, a little wider than high ; peristome incomplete. Dimensions of figured example. diameter, 1‘6; height, 1:2 mm. Locality.— West coast of South Australia. This species differs from the smooth form of C. Tatei by its flat spire, the last whorl relatively less high, and by the absence of spiral ornament ; it has not the compact build or sunken spire of C. charopa. Major diameter, 2:2 ; minor Cyclostrema delectabile, spec. nov. Pl. vii., fig. 4. Shell small, thin, translucent white, subdiscoidal. Spire slightly elevated ; widely and perspectively umbilicated. Proto- conch globulose and hyaline. Ordinary whorls three, of rather rapid increase ; ornamented by rounded spiral and axial thread- lets, which on the antesutural slope are of about equal strength and equidistant, producing a reticulation of square meshes ; on the rounded periphery the spiral riblets are dominant as far as the edge of the umbilical crater, but in its gentle slope the axial riblets reappear, and in greater strength than they are posteriorly Aperture orbicular ; peristome thin and continuous. Dimensions of figured example.—Major diameter, 1°66; minor diameter, 1:1; height, -95 mm. Locality.—Fowler Bay, west coast of South Australia; col- lected by me in 1879. Reticulated sculpture is rare in the family, and the peculiarity of its partial development in the present species is in itself a sufficiently distinctive character. DouUBTFUL SPECIES OF CYCLOSTREMA. Cyelostrema caperatum, spec. nov. PI, vii., figs. 1 a-b. Shell small, discoidal ; diaphanous, though somewhat clouded around the umbilicus. Spire convex, slightly elevated ; whorls four and a-half, inclusive of protoconch of one and a-half smooth whorls. The ordinary whorls slightly depressed at the posterior suture thence regularly subconvex, suture linear ; all the whorls spirally lined, the linear ridges slightly narrower than the inter- 217 vening sulci about fourteen on the upper-surface of the body- whorl; the posterior one and a-half whorls ornamented by arched retroverted transverse folds, the last whorl abruptly -rounded at the periphery to the flattened base, which is incon- spicuously marked by concentric lineations. Aperture roundly oval, a little wider than high, its vertical plane oblique to the axis of the shell; peristome incomplete ; outer lip acute and medially ecurved; columellar lip nearly vertical, with truncated edge, and thickened at its junction with the basal lip. Umbilicai orifice of moderate size, but exposing the penultimate whorl; umbilical crater with somewhat precipi- tous sides interrupted by a shallow spiral furrow. Maximum diameter, 5; height, 2 mm. Lakes Entrance Gippsland, Victoria, in shell-sand. Three examples collected by, and received from, Dr. Pulleine. I am not satisfied that this new species is rightly placed in Cyclostrema or even in Cyclostrematide ; the oblique aperture is not proper to Cyclostrema, whilst the spiral excavation around the umbilical crater, which recalls MZinolia in Trochide and Homalazxis in Solariide (at least as represented by the species in the Parisian Eocene) is not known among Cyclostrematide. But I am at a loss where else to place it in the absence of characters which would be furnished by the animal or its operculum. Supplemental Note.-—The following extract from a letter (25/9/99) by Mr. C. Hedley, is of much interest regarding the systematic position of this species :—‘‘ Your C. caperatum I refer to the section Solariorbis of Teinostoma. The group is defined by Dall; briefly it is distinguished by an umbilical keel. The nearest ally of caperatum is Starkeye, N.S. Wales. A glanze at the umbilicus serves to distinguish them, that of the latter being more choked by the umbilical keel; besides caperatum is striated ; Starkeyce smooth ; caperatwm absolutely larger and com- paratively flatter.” Cyelostrema charopa, spec. nov. Pl. vii., figs. 2a-2c. Cyclostrema micra, Petterd, Journ. Conch., p. 139, 1884 (non C. micra, Ten.-Woods, 1877). Shell minute, planorbiform, very widely umbilicated, sordid- white ; spire slightly sunken. Whorls four, rapidly increasing, convex ; last whorl with a sloping sutural margin ; the ornament consists of close-set, slender, oblique growth-lines only; base convex, abruptly bounding the wide umbilicus, which exposes all the whorls. Aperture incomplete, nearly circular, a little wider than high ; outer lip sharp, ecurved medially. Dimensions of figured specimen.—Minor diameter, 1:1; major diameter, 1:84 ; height, ‘5 mm. Habitat.—Tasmania (Petterd) ; South Australia (Dr. Verco). P 218 The figured example, which I received from Mr. May, has been. critically compared by me with Mr. Petterd’s type, and is con- sidered to be conspecific, though it is larger, and has an addi- tional whorl, which has developed the sutural slope absent in the younger shell. This may not be a Cyclostrema, and I have been inclined to refer it to Homalogyra, but the simple aperture forbids such an attachment. The specific name is in allusion to the similitude of the shell to that of some species of the helicoid genus Charopa. Cyelostrema Mayii, spec. nov. PI. vi., figs. 4a-4c. Shell minute, very fragile, discoidal, with a flat spire and rounded periphery, profundly and widely umbilicated. Proto- conch large, oblong, and inflated. Spire-whorls two, slightly sloping to the channeled suture ; ornamented by thick and some- what irregular growth-folds, those on the body-whorl passing across the periphery to the umbilicus; the rounded periphery is faintly angled above and below, less so below than above. Aper- ture circular, peristome entire and simple. Dimensions of figured example. —Major diameter, 1:1; minor diameter, *84, height, -4 mm. Habitat. _“‘Pasmania, received from Mr. W. L. May, of Sand- ford, in honour of whom I have employed the species-name. This is another Homalogyra-like shell, but distinct from C. charopa in its flat, not sunken spire, coarse ornament, and complete peristome. SECTION TUBIOLA. Cyelostrema Angeli, 7.-Woods, sp. Rissoa (?) Angeli, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for 1876, p. 153 (1877) ; ad., op. crt., p. 122, 1878. This species seems congeneric with C. conica, Watson, “ Voy. Challenger,” of which Tryon remarks, ‘it is more like a Scalaria.” Of Tenison-Woods’ species, the same author says, “generic position doubtful;” though Tenison-Woods himself remarks, op. cit., p. 122, “some authors would place the species in the genus Cyclostrema.’ i Habitat.—Tasmania (Blackman’s Bay, ?type), my collection received from Mr. May; 8. Australia, Dr. Verco. Though Rissoia-like, yet by its fragile test, and in the absence of the opercular characters, it is better placed in Cyclostrematide, because of the thinness of the test. Tryon figures a Tasmanian shell as Rissoa Angeli, but it is a distinct species, hereafter to be described. The axial ornament of &. Angeli consists of thick ribs, about ten on the last whorl, which cease at the periphery. Ten.- ~S tz Ay = A CIS ity \\\a “ a \\ NY | \ | \Wih\\ \ bi ss 7 K A \ f fa \ y. , LENS ” AN ya fe y Wy x A o> : \ eE RS ap a Y VE B pag \\" 4 Z, AY = u MA\ I a ee 249. A REVISION OF THE OLDER TERTIARY MOLLUSCA OF AUSTRALIA Part I. By Proressor Raupu TATE. [Read September 5, 1899. ] In 1880, I commenced the publication of a series of essays on the Mollusca of the Older Tertiaries of Australia, still far from completion ; since that time many additional species have been obtained, a large number of which await diagnostic descriptions, other authors have occupied themselves with the fauna, and my opinions regarding some of the species have been changed as the result of fuller acquaintance with them and their related species. Taken altogether, it seems desirable to submit an up-to-date knowledge of the Molluscan constituents of our Older Tertiary faunas, so far, at least, as concerns those groups which have been systematically dealt with by me in the pages of these Transac- tions. The ‘‘ Revision” will consist of a list of admitted species under their revised generic and specific names, will include full references to additional species and diagnoses of new ones. The locality records will be given in full, these are based on specimens in the University Museum, Adelaide, for the great part, and on those that I have studied in other collections ; other records than these are indicated by the suffixed names of the authors responsible for their determinations. Synonyms are the result of a comparison of types or of well-authenticated examples, unless otherwise stated. The localities of the types are printed in distinctive type. The geological horizons admitted for the present are Eocene, Post-Eocene, and Miocene, as set forth more in detail in Trans. Roy. Soc.,S.A., Vol. XXIII., p, 197, 1899. The retrospective references under each species will not extend beyond the respective essays of mine on which this Revision is based, as prior references, unless involving misrepresentations, are therein contained. The chief bibliography of !1ter date will be given under each class to which the publications indicated respectively refer. R 250 CLASS PALLIOBRANCHIATA. The geological distribution of Palliobranchs in Cainozoic hori- zons in Australia is very restricted, as with the exception of Magasella Cumingiana, a recent species in Post-tertiary deposits at the Tintinara bore, Tatiara Desert, at a depth of 154-160 feet. and of a species of Terebratella, 7’. pumila, in the Miocene at Gippsland Lakes, the whole fauna is of Eocene age, or, perhaps, extending to Oligocene. ARhynchonella Baileyana was wrongly attributed to the Australian Miocene. A few Eocene species had been listed as belonging to the Miocene fauna at Grange Burn and Muddy Creek near Hamilton ; but as all examples collected, since full knowledge was gained that two distinct faunal horizons were in contact at those localities, exhibit the characteristic features of a derivative source, the species in the Hamilton Miocene are not considered to be of endemic origin. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE. 1, Tate, ‘‘On the Australian Tertiary Palliobranchs,” Tran. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., vol. III., 1880, pp. 140-170, plates 7-11. A contribution of apparent importance is plate 33 in R. M. Johnston’s ‘“ Geology of Tasmania,” 1888. This plate is devoted to the illustration of fifteen species of Tertiary Brachiopoda, some of them are reputed by the author to occur at Table Cape ; however, as the figures are bad copies of those in my monograph, the local records based thereon are of no value. On pages 232 and 233 of the same work is a list of our Paleogene Brachiopods showing provincial occurrences in parallel columns. The Tasmanian list I can only revise from the collection made by me on two separate visits to Table Cape; and I am constrained to reject some of the names, as I have good reason to believe they were introduced through faulty identifications. In this connec- tion I urge that a mere superficial examination is not always reliable, and that in several instances actual dissection is neces- sary to resolve the similitudes, such as are presented by Terebratula vitreoides and Terebratella Tepperi; Magellania insolita and Terebratella furculifera (adult); Terebratula Aldinge and Terebratella furculifera (junior); TZerebratella Woodsii and Magasella lunata. FAMILY TEREBRATULIDA. Genus TEREBRATULA, Bruguiére. T. vitreoides, 7’. Woods, 1878, non Tate, 1, p. 144. PI. viii., fig. 5. Post-EocenE.—TABLE Capex, Tasmania. T. Tateana, 7’. Woods, 1878; TT. vitreoides, Tate, 1, p. 144; non Waldheimia Tateana, Tate, 1, p. 150. PI. viii., fig. 2. 251 My intrepretation of the two species of Terebratula in the Table Cape-beds, named as above, by Tenison-Woods, proves to be wrong, as the result of an examination of numerous examples, collected by myself, and of a careful study of Woods’ indifferent figures. The commoner shell is elongate-oval with a more or less biplicate front; the beak somewhat laterally compressed and somewhat protruding ; the foramen, which is obliquely truncated, is narrow oval. Young shells of this species, which T.-Woods named 7’. Zateana, have all the features of the adult. I have traced them up to larger than the examples figured by me, 1, t. 8, f. 5 a—é, t. 10, f. 7, as 7. vitreoides, In wrongly attaching that name I was influenced by the fact that the specific character was in the name, as Z’ateana much more resembles wétrea than vitreoides does. The less common species, 7’. vitreoides, T.-Woods, is orbicular in outline varying to subpentagonal oval, the beak is almost flush with the umbo of the brachial valve, the foramen is very Jarge and circular ; young shells of eight millimetres diameter are the counterparts of the adults, which have the following measurements :—Transverse diameter, 24; longitudinal diameter, 26 ; sectional diameter, 12 ; diameter of foramen, 3 x 4 mm. T. witreoides resembles Terebratella Tepperr, and it is highly probable that Johnston and Pritchard have erroneously so named it. Young and old shells of 7. Tateana and 7’. vitreoides have proved on dissection to belong to Terebratula. T. vitreoides. differs from Tateana by its orbicular outline, absence of a mesial biplication, and. the much abbreviated beak and larger foramen. Localities. —EKocENE—Aldinga Bay, Adelaidsz-bore, and River Murray Cliffs (South Australia); Muddy Creek, Gelibrand River, Mornington, Moorabool Valley, Corio Bay, Mitchell River, Shelford (Victoria). Post-Eocene.—Spring Creek (Victoria), and TABLE CaprE (Tasmania). T. Aldingse, Vate, 1, p. 144. Eocene.—ALDINGA Bay, in the glauconitic limestone, 8. Aust.; Cape Otway, Victoria (a doubtful identification); also New Zealand. T. subearnea, TJ ate, 1, p. 144. Eocrenr.—Chalk-cliffs, Great AUSTRALIAN BIGHT. A very large Terebratulid occurs in the indurated clays of the Aldingian Section ; the specimens are invariably much crushed, but the best and only specimen in the collection indicates a much compressed lenticular shell, with an almost circular marginal out 252 line of about 70 mills. diameter, and a thickness of 20 mm. (but it will be probably a little more in a perfect specimen). The surface is smooth, the growth-folds few and somewhat lamellar, and imbricating at the sides; the test is thick, as much as 2 mm. in the umbonal region, and densely punctate. On account of the thickness of test, probably, there is no external indication of a mesial septum. It may be a very large form of 7. subcarnea, but if it be a Magellania, then it is new, and I suggest for it the name MM, cyclica. It cannot be an extremely large M. insolita, which is the only Australian species that makes an approach to it, but that shell is elongate-oval, the beaks attenuated and sub- erect, exposing a broad and high deltidial area, and a small foramen, in contrast with the circular outline, stout incurved beak, and a moderately-sized foramen. Genus MaaeuianiA, Bayle, 1880 (nomen mutandum). | Waldheimia, King, 1849, non Brullé, 1846. M. ecorioensis, McCoy, 1877 ; id., Tate, 1, p. 156. EocenE.—Mannum (S. Aust.); Corto Bay, Muddy Creek, Mornington (Vict.). Post-Eocenz.—Spring Creek near Geelong (Vict.). M. (?) Crouehii, T. Woods, 1865 ; id., Tate, 1, p. 153. Kocrene.—Movunt GAmBier (S. Aust.). M.(?) divaricata, Tate, 1, p. 149. ’ Eocenz.—River Murray Cliffs at Mannum (S. Aust.); Moora- bool and Spring Creek (all and Pritchard). M (?) fimbriata, Zate, 1880, 1, p. 150. Eocrense.—ALpinGa Bay (S. Aust.); Cape Otway (Vict.). M. fureata, Tate, 1, p. 148. Eocenké.—Moorabool Valley ( Hall and Pritchard), Cape Otway (Vict.); AtpincA Bay and Port Vincent (S. Aust.). M. Garibaldiana, Davidson, 1862; id., Tate, 1, p. 146. EocEene.—River Bremer near Callington, River Murray Clifis, Croydon-bore 1,000 ft. (S. Aust.); Muddy Creek, Gelibrand River, Mornington, Moorabool Valley, Corio Bay, Airey’s Inlet and Shelford (Victoria). Post-Eocene.—Table Cape (Tasmania). M. grandis, 7.- Woods, 1865; id., Tate 1, p. 152. EocenE.—River Murray Cliffs and Mount Gampier (8. Aust.) ; Shelford and Maude (Vict.). Post-Eocrne.—Table Cape (Tasmania). M. gravida, Suess, Voy. Novara, Palzeont., p. 56, t. 9, fig. 5 (Waldheimia). Waldheimia concentrica, Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., N.Z., p. 35, 1873. 253 Terebratula (?) bulbosa, Tate, 1, p. 145. Professor Hutton writes me, “I think that 7. Zayloriana, Colenso, Tasmanian Jour. of Science, 1844, is the same.” How- ever, that name cannot be employed as it was preoccupied in Terebratula by Lea, 1841. Eocene (?).—Edithburg, St. Vincent Gulf (S.A.). Eocene (Oamaru Formation).—New Zealand. M. insolita, Tate, 1, p. 151, t. 9, f. 6b. (non. 6a). Waldheimia tapirina, Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., N.Z., p. 36, 1873. Hutton’s name is virtually a nomen nudum, as the diagnosis is absolutely devoid of specific characters, and is unaccompanied by a figure. Eocens.—Mount Gambier, ALpINGA Bay, and Adelaide-bore (S.A.); Muddy Creek, Camperdown, Gelibrand River, Cape Otway, Morington, Corio Bay, Bairnsdale (Vict.); also New Zealand. Post-EocENE.—Spring Creek (Victoria). M. Johnstoniana, Tate, 1, p. 151. EocENE.—ALDINGA Bay (South Australia). M. MacLeani, TJate, 1, p. 153. Eocene.—River Murray Cliffs at Mursxo (S. Aust.) ; Moorabool Valley (Vict.), éeste Hall and Pritchard. M. pectoralis, Tate, 1, p. 157. EocENE.—ALDINGA Bay and Happy Valley (S. Aust.). M. sufflata, T'ate, 1, p. 157. ? Waldheimia triangulare, Hutton, op. cit., p. 36, 1873. Eocene.—Aldinga Bay, coast cliffs from Porr VINCENT to Stansbury (S. Aust.) ; possibly also New Zealand. M. Tateana, Jate, 1, p. 150. This species simulates Z'erebratula Tateana, T.-Woods, to which I had wrongly referred it, but the figures and diagnosis furnished by me belong to the present species and not to that of Woods. The generic distinctions for each cannot be called in question. EocEene.—ALDINGA Bay; Port Vincent, Stansbury and Muloo- wurtie, Yorke-Pen. (South Australia). Gelibrand River (Victoria). M. Taylori, Htheridge, 1876 ; id. Tate, 1, p. 155. Eocene.—River Murray Cliffs near Morcan (South Aus- tralia). M. Vineentiana, Tate, 1, p. 154. Waldheimia gravida, Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., N.Z., p. 36, 1873 (non Suess). 254 EKocene.—Porr Vincent on Yorke Peninsula (South Aus- tralia), also New Zealand (Oamaru Formation). , Genus TEREBRATULINA, D’Orbigny, 1847. T. ecatinuliformis, Tate, 1896, T. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., p. 130, nom. mut. T’. Davidsoni, Etheridge, 1876; id. Tate, 1, 158, non Boll, 1856 ; non King, 1871. Eocene.—River Murray Cuirrs, Aldinga Bay, Port Vincent and Stansbury, Mount Gambier, Croydon-bore near Adelaide (968—1,230 ft.), Mulgurdawa-bore near Wellington (213 ft.), (South Australia) ; Muddy Creex, Moorabool Valley, Birregurra, Shelford (Victoria). Post-EocenE.—Beaumaris (Cheltenham) and Spring Creek (Victoria) ; Table Cape (Tasmania). T. lenticularis, Tate, i, p. 159. Eocenge.—River Murray Cliffs, Anpinca Bay, Adelaide-bore, and Muloowurtie near Ardrossan (8. Aust.) ; Muddy Creek and Corio Bay (Victoria). Waurn Ponds (Hal/ and Pritchard). T. Seoulari, Tate, 1, p. 158. Terebratella Suessi, Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., N.Z., 1873, p. 37. EocENE.—RiveER Murray Cuirrs, Aldinga Bay, Adelaide- bore, Kingscote (Kangaroo Island), Muloowurtie (S. Aust.) ; Muddy Creek, Gelibrand R., Mornington, Maude (4Hal/ and Pritchard), Corio Bay, Moorabool Valley, Shelford and Camper- down (Victoria); also New Zealand (Oamarv Formation). Post-Eocrnre.—Table Cape (Tasmania). Hutton’s definition does not contain a single specific character ; it will apply equally well to any of the species of the caput- serpentis group; moreover, the generic reference is absolutely wrong. T. triangularis, 7ate, 1, p.- 159. Eocrengt.—ALpINGA Bay and Chalk-cliffs of the Great Aus- tralian Bight (S. Aust.); Cape Otway (Victoria). GENUS TEREBRATELLA, D’Orbigny, 1847. T. fureulifera, Tate, 1, p. 161. Eocent.—Chalk cliffs of the Great Bight, ALpiInGa Bay, and Adelaide-bore (S. Aust.); also New Zealand. The specimens from the Great Bight, incorrectly referred to — Waldheimia insolita, prove on dissection to belong to Z'erebratella and to the species furculifera. They are adult, as indicated not only by greater size than the type, but by the large development of the deltidial pieces, which have coalesced to form a broadly triangular area, medially and axially ridged, thus reducing the 255 foramen to a relatively small circular aperture. Height, 25 length, 22:5; sectional diameter, 10°5 mm. T. (2?) pentagonalis, 7'ate, 1, p. 161. EocenE.—ALDINGA Bay (S. Aust.). T. Tepperi, Tate, 1, p. 160. Eocene.—‘“‘ MutoowurtTig Cuays,” near Ardrossan, Yorke Peninsula (S. Aust.). T. Woodsii, Zate, 1, p. 161. Post-Eocene.—TasiE Cape (Tasmania); Spring Creek (Vic- toria), teste, Hall and Pritchard. I have collected a few examples of a terebratulid which is evidently the shell attributed to Magellania corioensis, McCoy, by Tenison-Woods, and my tentative reference of it to T’erebratella proves to be correct ; as it possesses a loop very similar to that of T. furculifera, though the diverging portions of it are minutely and distantly toothed on the margin. The largest specimen measures :—Transverse and longitudinal diameters, 12 ; sectional diameter, 5°D mm. Terebratella, sp. A unique specimen from the Eocene clays at Cape Otway, Victoria, consisting only of the umbonal portions of both valves in apposition, and displaying the interior, indicates a species related to 7’. Tepperz, but with much inflated valves of an elon- gate-oval shape in marginal outline. Terebratella pumila, spec. nov. PI. viii., fig. 1. The largest of three specimens from the Miocene at the Gipps- land Lakes is of a somewhat circular outline, 5 mills. in diameter, depressedly convex, and its front margin slightly depressed. It has the large foramen of Zerebratella ; the interior displays a low mesial septum rising high into the interior at its anterior extremity in about the centre of the valve, and showing on it traces of lateral rods. (The specimen has been sacrificed to gain this knowledge.) It is most certainly distinct from any described species, and is of interest as being the first indication of a Palliobranchiata in our Miocene deposits. [Z. Gaulteri (Morris), Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., N.Z., p. 37, 1873, of the Oamaru Formation proves on dissection to be a Rhynchonella. | Genus Maaaseuia, Dall, 1870. M. compta, Sowerby, 1845; id., Tate, 1, p. 162. Eocene.—River Murray Cliffs at Mannum; near Callington; Parrikie Well, 60 miles east of Cook’s Plains ; Muloowurtie, Port Vincent, and Stansbury, Yorke Peninsula (South Austr.). 256 Muddy Creek, Gelibrand River, Maude, Mitchell River, Camper- down, Moorabool Valley, Portland (Woods), Porr Fairy (Strezleckz) (Victoria). Post-Eocene.—Beaumaris and Spring Creek (Victoria). M. deformis, 7'ate, 1, p. 165. Eocene. — AtpincA Bay, Muloowurtie, Kangaroo Island (South Australia). M. lunata, spec. nov. PI. viii., figs. 3-3a. EocENE.—CROYDON-BORE, near Adelaide, atfrom 400 to 1,230 feet ; River Murray Cliffs at Mannum ; Mulgurdawa-bore, near Wellington, at 213 ft. (South Australia). Belmont near Geelong Vict. et small, surface smooth or with a few distant depressed growth-folds, largely and copiously punctated (visible under a pocket lense) about 250 pores in a field of 1:1 mills. diameter; suborbicular to subpentagonally oval in marginal outline, plano- convex in sectional outline ; hinge-line arched, not so long as the greatest width of the shell. Pedunculated valve medially elevated, its front margin indented by a deep, narrow, concave sweep corresponding with the medial elevation. The beak is of moderate size, hardly up-curved, its truncated foramen being nearly flush with the umbonal area of the brachial valve ; foramen of moderate size. Brachial valve flat except towards the front, where it is abruptly depressed in the middle line. The internal characters are the same as in I. deformis, the septum reaches nearly tc the opposite valve. Dimensions of an average - sized specimen. — Length, 5°d ; height, 6; sectional diameter, 2°5 mills. The species is related to MM. deformis, but differs by more orbicular outline, stout and short beak, larger foramen and flat brachial valve. It simulates Terebratella Woodsw, but its anterior depression is shallower and more abrupt. The numerous examples, all of a nearly uniform size, from the Croydon-bore should dispel the doubt that they are young torms of M. Woodsiana, which does not occur there. M. Tenisoni, Woods, 1865; id., Tate, 1, p. 165. EKocene.—Movunt Gampier (8. Aust.) and Portland ( Vict.) | Woods |. M. Woodsiana, 7aie, 1, p. 163. Kocene.—River Murray Cuirrs, Mount Gambier, Aldinga Bay (S. Australia) ; Muddy Creek, Gelibrand River, Mornington, Birregurra, Moorabool Valley, Camperdown, Airey’s Inlet (Victoria). 257 Post-Eocenre.—Table Cape (Tasmania). Mr. G. B.-Pritchard, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., 1896, p. 143, has reduced this species to asynonym with IZ. compta on the grounds that “there are so many gradations between them ;” this is not my experience. The main distinctive characters of M. compta are the straight hinge-line and the tendency to biplication at the front. FAMILY THECIDIID. Genus TuHecipium, Defrance, 1828. T. australe, 7ate, 1, p. 166. EocenE.—Muppy Creek (Victoria). FAMILY RHYNCHONELLID. Genus RHYNCHONELLA, Fischer, 1809. R. Baileyana, Tate, 1885, quoted from the Miocene locality, Jemmy’s Point, Gippsland Lakes, is not Australian. My surmise of its mesozoic origin is confirmed by Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., who attributes it to the Cretaceous of Faxoe. R. squamosa, Hutton ; id. Tate, 1, p. 166. Eocene.—River Murray Cliffs, Aldinga Bay, and Muloo- wurtie, near Ardrossan (South Australia); Muddy Creek, Maude (Hall and Pritchard), Waurn Ponds near Geelong (Victoria) ; also NEw ZEALAND. Post-EocenE.—Table Cap2 (Tasmania). Rhynechonella(?) tubulifera, spec. nov. PI. viii., figs. 4-4a. EocenE.—Muppy CreEex (Victoria). Shell lenticular, suborbicular or transversely quadrate-oval in marginal outline ; cardinal margin arched, anterior and posterior margins rounded, front margin nearly straight. Pedunculate valve depressedly convex; beak bluntly and shortly pointed, straight, and declinous from the hinge; foramen broadly triangular, large, margined by two suberect narrow-lanceolate deltidial pieces. The ornament of the valves consists of rounded radial coste, increasing in numbers by repeated bifurcation, forty or more slightly serrating the margin; there they are a little wider than the subconcave furrows. The ribs are surmounted by stout truncated -tubular spines, sufficiently close together to be almost imbricating. Interior unknown. Dimensions.—Length, 7:5 ; height (incl. beak), 6°75; sectional diameter, 25 mm. One example obtained by Mr. J. Dennant from the polyzoal rock at Muddy Creek. Observations.—I had considered this unique fossil to belong to 258 Terebratulina, and as a list name 7’, tubulifera, new sp., it appears in “Report Austral. Ass. Adv. Sc.,” vol. IL, p. 442, 1890, but the beak, foramen, and ornament suggest an affinity with Rhynchonella squamosa. Nevertheless, it presents externally certain resemblances to other genera, and its correct systematic position must be deferred till other specimens are discovered. Of Khynchonella squamosa I have no juvenile specimens with which to make comparison; but the adult of it has usually not more than half the number of ribs. The tubular spines may be viewed as the result of fusion of the margins of vaulted scales, which are so characteristic of 2. sywamosa, but in this new species the concentric lamella do not pass across the furrows as in the other species ; moreover f. twbulifera, if juvenile, is indicative of a much less gibbous shell in the adult stage. FAMILY CRANIIDA. Grnus CrAniA, Retzius, 1781. C. quadrangularis, Tate, ae Proc. Roy. Soc., N.S. Wales, p. 191, . 2, £, 1212 Eocrenrt.—Muddy a Waurn Ponps, and Maude (Victoria). Post-Eocent.—Table Cape (Tasmania). INDEX TO PALLIOBRANCHIATA. [The names of genera are printed in small capitals, those of valid species in Roman type, all synonyms in J¢alze type]. Aldinge, Tate (Terebratula). Australe, Tate (Thecidium). Bulbosa, Tate=Magellania gravida. Catinuliformis, Tate (Terebratulina). Celata |McCoy | Woods—Rhyn. squamosa. Compta, Sowerby (Magasella). Compta, Woods=Magellania Garibaldiana. Compta, Etheridge—=Magasella Woodsiana. Concentrica, Hutton—=Magellania gravida. Corioensis, McCoy (Magellania). Corioensis, Woods—Terebratella Woodsii. CrAnIA, Retzius. Crouchii, Woods (Magellania). Cyclica, Tate (Terebratula). Davidsoni, Etheridge—Terebratulina catinuliformis. Deformis, Tate (Magasella). Divaricata, Tate (Magellania). Fimbriata, Tata (Magellania). Furculifera, Tate (Terebratella). Gambierensis, Etheridge—Magellania grandis. Garibaldiana, Davidson (Magellania). 259 Gaulteri, Morris (Zerebratula) is a Rhynchonella. Grandis, Woods (Magellania). Gravida, Suess (Magellania). Gravida, Hutton=Magellania Vincentiana. Imbricata, Woods=Magellania Garibaldiana. Insolita, Tate (Magellania). Johnstoniana, Tate (Magellania). Lenticularis, Tate (Terebratulina). Lucida (McCoy) Woods=Rhyn. squamosa. ~ Lunata, Tate (Magasella). MacLeani, Tate (Magellania). Macropora, McCoy=Magellania Garibaldiana. MaGasELLa, Dall. MAGELLANIA, Bayle. Pectoralis, Tate (Magellania). Pentagonalis, Tate (Terebratella). Pumila, Tate (Terebratella). Quadrangularis, Tate (Crania). RHYNCHONELLA, Fischer. Scoulari, Tate (Terebratulina). Squamosa, Hutton (Rhynchonella). Subcarnea, Tate (Terebratula). Suessit, Hutton—Terebratulina Scoulari. Sufflata, Tate (Magellania). Tapirina, Hutton=Magellania insolita. Tateana, Woods (Terebratula). Tateana, Tate (Magellania). Taylori, Etheridge (Magellania). Tayloriana, Colenso=Magellania gravida. Tenisoni, Woods (Magasella). Tepperi, Tate (Terebratella). TEREBRATELLA, D’Orbigny. TEREBRATULA. TEREBRATULINA, D’Orbigny. TuHecipium, Defrance. Triangulare, Hutton (?)=Magellania sufflata. Triangularis, Tate (Terebratulina).* Tubulifera, Tate (Rhynchonella ?). Vincentiana, Tate (Magellania). Vitreoides, Tate—Terebratula Tateana, Vitreoides, Woods (Terebratula). Waldheimia, King=MaAcEtLania. Woodsiana, Tate ‘(Magasella). Woodsii, Tate (Terebratella). *Has priority to 7. triangularis [Eth.], Davidson, 1884— Terebratula striata, var. triangularis, Etheridge, 1881. 260 . CLASS PTEROPODA. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES. 1. Tate, ‘‘ Pteropods of the Older Tertiary of Australia,” in Trans. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., vol. IX., 1887. 2. Harris, “ Tertiary Mollusca of Australasia,” British Museum Publica- tion, 1897. Genus Limacina, Lamarck, 1819. Spiralis, Eydoux and Souleyet, 1840. L. tertiaria, Tate. Spiralis tertiaria, Tate, 1, p. 196. Limacina tertiaria, Harris, 2, p. 19° Eocene.—Muppy Creek and Mornington (Victoria). GENUS StyLioLa, Lesweur, 1825. S. annulata, Tate, 1, p. 195. EocENE.—ADELAIDE-BORE. S. biearinata, Tate, 1, p. 195. EocENnE.—Muppy CreEEK, Victoria. S. Rangiana, Tate. 1, p. 194. Clio (Styliola) Rangiana, Harris, 2, p. 20. EKoceneE.—Muppy Creek and Mornington, GENUS VAGINELLA, Daudin, 1800. V. eligmostoma, Tate, 1, p. 195: id., Harris, 2, p. 21. Mr. Harris gives the result of a comparison of the specimens of this species and V. depressa of the Bordeaux basin, a resem- blance that I had noted, which justifies the retention of V. eligmostoma for the Australian fossil. Eocenr.—Muppy Creek, Gelibrand River, and Mornington (Victoria). Genus Hyaea, Lamarck, 1799. HYALBA, sp. Eocene at Mornington. As yet only one example is known to me, but most unfortu- nately it broke to pieces on immersion in water to free it from the clayey-matrix, and before I had investigated its specific re- lationships. 261 CLASS SCAPHOPODA. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES. 1. Tate, ‘‘ Scaphopods of the Older Tertiary of Australia,” in Trans. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., vol IX, 1887. 2. Harris, ‘‘ Tertiary Mollusca of Australasia,” British Museum Publica- tion, 1897. 8. Sharp and Pilsbry, in ‘‘ Tryon’s Manual Couchology,” vol. XVII., 1898. FAMILY DENTALIIDA. The characters, viz., the presence or absence of an apical slit or notch or of an apical plug, which have been utilised for the genera of the family, have lately been shown to be more or less adventitious, and, therefore, they can be employed only for mere classificatory convenience ; hence Hntalis, as previously employed by me in a generic sense, merges into Dentalium. However, I adopt Pilsbry’s arrangement of the groups, though I degrade his subgenera to sections, as a convenient method of contrasting our species. Genus Dentatium, Linneus. SecTION DENTALIUM (sensu stricto). Shell longitudinally ribbed at least posteriorly, apex without slit or notch. This group is unrepresented in the Older Tertiaries, unless D. bifrons should eventually prove to be without an apical slit or fissure. SEecTIon FissIpDENTALIUM, [ischer, 1885, Shell longitudinally ribbed at least near the apex, a long apical slit. D. bifrons, Tate, 1, p. 192; id., Harris, 2, p. 295. Post-Eocene.—Spring Creek ( Victoria). Miocene.—Muppy Creek (Victoria). The apex is still unknown, and therefore the location of the species in this section or in the foregoing is uncertain. D. Mantelli, Zitte/, 1864 ; id., Tate, 1, p. 190; id., Harris, 2, p. 293. Eocene.—River Murray Cliffs and Aldinga Bay (S. Aust.) ; Bellarine Pen. (Hall and P.), Muddy Creek, Gelibrand River, Mornington, Corio Bay, Birregurra, Moorabool Valley, Camper- down, Shelford, Cape Otway (Victoria) ; also NEw ZEALAND. Post-Eocene.—Table Cape (Tasmania), and Spring Creek ( Victoria. ) _ I am now able to pronounce on the specific distinction of D. Mantelli and D. Kickxi, Nyst (authentic examples of the latter from the Miocene at Boom, Belgium, I have under observation). Tasmanian examples of D. Mantellc were referred by Tenison-Woods to the Belgian species. JI do not know to what group D. Kickxi belongs, but apart from any apical differ- 262 ences, D. Mantell1 enlarges more rapidly, and the costation is acute, elevated, and regularly disposed, primary and secondary cost alternating; in D. Kickxi the costations are broad, depressed, and irregularly disposed, anteriorly they are more numerous than in the Australian species. D. latesuclatum, spec. nov. PI. viii., fig. 9. Shell nearly straight, nine-angled (rarely twelve-angled) of rapid increase, being about seven times as long as wide. Surface ornamented with nine (rarely twelve), strong, elevated ridges, which are somewhat compressed at the sides and roundly truncated atop; the ridges are somewhat irregularly disposed being closer together on the convex aspect and fewer on the con- cave aspect, they extend from the apex in undiminished strength to the oral aperture ; the concave furrows at the apex are of about equal width with the ridges, thence they increase in breadth till at the oral aperture they are on the convex aspect from two to three times as wide as the ridges, and as much as four times on the concave aspect. The interstitial furrows in the basal portion may have a few longitudinal threads and strie, and are traversed by sub-distant incremental lines which pass over the coste. Apex truncated with a long narrow slit on the convex face, no plug ; the aperture is circular internally, polygonal externally; oral aperture with a thin acute margin (thus indicating a perfect shell) of a polygonal outline. Length, 40; breadth of oral aperture, 6—7 mill. Miocenr.—In the basal clay-bed at GRANGE Burn near Hamil- ton, Victoria (nine examples). Among species of the same section having a prominent poly- gonal transverse section the Grangeburn fossil makes a closer agreement with D. striatum, Lamarck, as figured by Deshayes, Mon. Dentale, than with any other, but it is abbreviated in length and is broader, has nine ridges, not twelve to fourteen. There are, however, some species in Section Dentalium (restricted) which offer some similitude, such as elephantinum, aprinum, &c. It is not likely to be mistaken for D. Manféelli with its numerous and slender ribs, which are evanscent at the anterior one-third or thereabouts. Section GrapracmeE, Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897. Surface sculptured with close, fine, deeply engraved, longi- tudinal striw near the apex. D. sectiforme, spec. nov. PI. viii., figs. 6-6a Shell small, very slender, very little tapering, slightly arched, translucent-white and shining. Sculpture of very numerous, a ee if . 263 close, subequal riblets extending longitudinally from apex for about three-fourths of total length of shell. The riblets become faint at about half the total length, where appears fine annular sculpture ; the anterior one-fourth with fine annular sculpture. Aperture circular with an acute peristome. Apex with a straight, short, narrow slit on the convex side; apical orifice contracted by a plug deeply and widely cleft from the convex to the concave side, Length of shell, 11 to 13; diameter of aperture, 1 ; height of arch from chord, 1:25 mm. Miocene.—Muppy Creek (Victoria). In Pilsbry’s arrangement of the recent Dentaliums, this fossil species falls in the “Group of D. sectum” of the’ Section Graptacme. In slenderness and curvature it approximates to the two species including in the group, nearer to calamus than to sectum by the longitudinal striw extending nearly to the aperture; from both it is distinguished by the prominent annular sculpture of the anterior portion of the tube. Section L@&VIDENTALIUM, Cossmann, 1888. Shell smooth with annular growth lines. a. Apex with a short shit or triangular notch. D. subfissura, Tate, 1, p. 191; td., Harris, 2, p. 296. Apical fissure a short triangular notch with a plug in the type example, — EocEenE.—River Murray Cuirrs and Aldinga Bay (S. Aust.); Bellarine Pen. (Hall and P.), Muddy Creek, Gelibrand River, Mornington, Corio Bay, Belmont, Camperdown, Shelford, Maude, Cape Otway (Victoria). Post-Eoceng.—Spring Creek (Victoria). Dentalium pictile, spec. nov. PI. viii., fig. 8. Shell slender, about thirteen times as long as wide, much arched, smooth, without any trace of strie, dark coloured with lighter-coloured oblique bands. Apex about one millimetre in the lateral diameter, slightly less in the concavo-convex diameter, with a short and broad notch on the convex side; there are traces of a plug. Length, 52; breadth of oral aperture, 4; height of arch from chord, 6 mills. Post-Eocene.—TAsLeE (Cape Tasmania). Previously listed by Tate and Dennant, Correlation Papers, TIl., 1896, as D. subfissura. I separate this species from D. subfisswra, because of its greater curvature, not so slender at the apex, which is elliptic, and not circular in sectional outline. 264 D. largierescens, spec. nov. Pl. viii., figs. I0-10a. Shell smooth and shining, considerably arched, six and a-half times as long as wide, rapidly increasing; sculptured with dis- tinct, oblique, incremental lines; apical fissure a short slit or triangular notch on the convex side, no plug ; anterior extremity circular. Length, 44; diameter of anterior extremity, 6:5; at apex, 1; height of arch above the chord, 2 mills. This new species resembles D. subfissura, from which it differs by stronger curvature, by rapid increase, not so attenuated apically, and by the obliquely annular sculpture. The rapid increase in diameter and the strong curvature distinguish it also from recent species. Post-EoceNnE.—BEAUMARIS (six exs.). MiocENE.—Junction-bed, Grange Burn (one ex.); Gippsland Lakes (one ex., J. Dennant). b. Apex sumple, without notch or slit. | D. lacteolum, spec. nov. D. lactewm, Tate, 1, p. 193, non Deshayes. A reference to the full description and ample illustrations of D. lacteum, Deshayes, in Pilsbry’s monograph of the genus, satisfies me that this recent species is not present in our Older Tertiaries. The transverse section of both is circular, but the rate of increase of the sectional diameter is not the same; thus in D. lactewm, with a total length of 30 mm., the diameter is 2°5, whilst in the fossil species for a length of 35 mm. the diameter is 2°25 (vix); hence D. lacteolum is amore slender shell. It is straighter and more slender than the posterior part of D. subfissura, and is therefore somewht similar to D. acriculum. from both distinguished, of course, by the absence of an apical notch. Tenison-Woods recorded D. lacteum (?) as a Table Cape fossil, but the only Levidentalium at that locality, so far as known from my own and other collections, is D. pictile, which I am dis- posed to regard as the shell observed by him. Eocene.—Muppy Creek and Gelibrand River, Victoria. Section Fustiaria, Stoliczka, 1868, Shell smooth, or with annnlar sculpture ; slit long. D. aericulum, Tate, 1, p. 192, id., Harris, 2, p. 296. Shel! curved, slender, smooth. EocenE.—Muppy CreEEk, Victoria. D. australe, Sharp and Pilsbry, 8, p. 192. Entalis annulatum, Tate, 1, p. 191. Name preoccupied by Gmelin, by Sandberger, and by Meyer. 265 Shell large, nearly straight, with annular lines. Eocene.—Muppy Creek and Shelford, Vict. Post-Eocenr.—Spring Creek, Vict. A variant of this species occurs at Spring Creek, which is usually more slender, the length to the breadth being 12 to 1, as against 10 to 1; and in one individual the apical slit is 18 millimetres. Section EpistpHon, P2lsbry and Sharp, 1899. Apex entire with a projecting tube. a. Shell iongitudinally ribbed. D: aratum, Taie, 1, p. 192; td., Harris, 2, p. 298. This species has a truncated apex of about one millimetre diameter from the orifice of which protrudes a very short, smooth subpellucid tube. The truncated end is of a white ceramic lustre and is concentrically striate; the whole appearances suggest that the embryonic and attenuated tip has been cast off. D. aratum differs from all congeners in the group by its longitudinal ornament and sculpture. Eocene.—River Murray Cuirrs and Muloowurtie, S. Aust.; Bellarine Pen. (Hall and Pritchard), Muddy Creek, Gelibrand River, Fyansford, Birregurra, Mornington, Camperdown, Cape Otway (Victoria). Post-Eocene.—Spring Creek. b. Shell with annular ridges. D. tornatissimum, spec. nov. PI. viii., figs. 7-7a. Shell very small, nearly straight; sculptured with annular rounded ridges, more or less regular throughout the whole length (here and there a stouter annulation of about double breadth), wider than the deep narrow intervening grooves, ten in a millimetre length of the apical part. Test very thick. Apex simple, circular, truncate ; projecting from the aperture is a round pipe about ‘16 in diameter and ‘2 mm. long. Anterior extremity not known; all the specimens present the appearance of being fragments of larger individuals ; however, the transverse section is circular. Length 7, diameter at aperture -9, at apex ‘35 mill. Miocenr.—GiIppsLaNnD Lakes (4 exs., J. Dennant). This species is closely related to D. tornatum, Watson, dredged off Levuka in 12 fms. (Challenger Exped.), which is distinguished from other components of Pilsbry and Sharp’s subgenus Episyphon by its annular grooves. D. tornatum is described as possessing deep, close-set, slightly oblique, annular grooves in the upper part of the shell only, becoming shallower further down and cease at last rather abruptly. The fossil analogue has the S 266 grooves, not at all oblique or very slightly so, equally strong at the anterior as at the posterior extremity, but on the other hand the fossil is, so far as known, only about half the length of the living species. I am afraid comparison of actual spezimens can only decide if there be differences in the number of the annulations for equal units of length, as the figures and description by Watson do not afford a sufficiency of detail on this head. Never- theless, it is stated that the flat bands are of variable widths, and increase with the growth of the shell from about 0°011 inch to twice that amount, a description that does not apply to the fossil ; and, moreover, the test is so thick that translucency can hardly have belonged to it. SECTION GADILINA, Yorresti, 1895. Apex entire, shell subtriangular in section. D. Tatei, Sharp and Pilsbry, 3, p. 218 (nom. mutand.). D. triquetrum, Tate, 1, p. 193; non Brocchi, 1814. ' KocENE.—ADELAIDE-BORE. FAMILY SIPHODENTALIIDA. Genus CapuLus, Philippr, 1844. C. mucronatus, Tate, 1, p. 193; 7d., Harris, 2, p. 297. Kocene.—Muppy Creek (Victoria). Post-EocENE.—Spring Creek (Victoria). Section GapiLa, Gray, 1847. C. acuminatus, Tate, 1, p. san id., Pilsbry, 3, p. 183, t. 32, figs. 47-49. MiocEene.—Aldinga Bay (S. Aust.) REcENT.—SovutTH AUSTRALIA and N. 8. Wales. Mr. Pilsbry, op. cit., very justly remarks that the species name is inappropriate, though it is appropriate as applied to the perfect shell. It happens that the apical half or so is deciduous, and certainly the decollated portion, which is the part generally known, cannot be called acuminate. As regards this interesting phase of the Cadulus-shell, I leave to Dr. Verco to make more fully known, as the material in his possession is more thoroughly illustrative than what I possess. However, I borrowed the nawe after Deshayes, who, on the authority of Angas, had so attached his MS. name to New South Wales specimens in the British Museum, and Angas so listed the species for South Australia on the testimony of examples for- warded by me. (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 868). C. infans, spec. nov. PI. viii., fig. 11. Similar to CO. acuminatus (PI. viii., fig. 12), though words can hardly convey those differences which the eye can appreciate. The shell Plate VILL. Vol. XXIII. LY 8 Sy QS > ec oy yy W. eS Soa . . i (! ie Ne i We 1 I, y ay tag ada Ay ATT MTN) LOT} { IM) < Pee They ya My bab > c;. a a Ree _-_ = Fondly hs “ade fs if - ver j i\ Me ; te ie . - < Lp~ ~ ; Ve : > 7 a ” ’ os A ales ; eee ve y ( a ¥ » oS -~ F aa a} SA e / ity a, 267 is slightly swollen in the anterior one-third on the convex side, thence gradually tapering to each end; the convex side is not so arched as in OC. acwminatus, whilst in contrast with C. infans, in which the shell tapers from its greatest diameter, the shell cf C. acuminatus has an almost uniform diameter throughout, until very near the extremities a slight decrease in diameter is observable. Apertures circular and their margins acute. Length.—3:2 mills. Miocens.—Muppy CREEK (one ex.). INDEX TO SCAPHOPODA. [The names of genera or subgenera are printed in small capitals; those of valid species in Roman type; all synonyms in italic type. ] Page. Acriculum, JVate (Dentalium) x92 sat bist 264 Acuminatus, 7ate (Cadulus) ate ‘es ie <2 266 Annulatum, Tate=D. australe ... ss ee ... 264 Aratum, 7'ate (Dentalium) are ae Fe O Australe, Sharp and Pilsbry (Dentalium) we Re $32 B64 Bifrons, Z'ate (Dentalium) ist YS ae yak AOL Caputus, Phil. ‘ee a oT ois wi) YOO DENTALIUM, Lin. : us ie aa, Sif Poe Entalis spp. = —Dentalium as og we ney) \y OL EpiIsIPHOoN, Pilsbry and Sharp... i ane tae OO FIssIDENTALIUM, Fischer ase anh “a vt ‘261 FustTIaRIiA, Stolickza .. s. ee ay .. «©6264 GaDILaA, Gray os +h ns re sem OO GapbILina, Foresti P te Aa oF git) ope GRAPTACME, Pilsbry and Sharp... aie ss Seat? ae Infans, Tate (Cadulus) .. = oe ats ... 266 Irregularis, Hutton=D. Mantelli ... 5% ] aoa Kickxi, Ten-Woods=D. 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Following precedent, the President addresses a few remarks to the Fellows at the Annual Meeting. The work of the past year has already been stated to you in the Report of the Council, and it is only necessary for me to congratulate the Society on the publication of a portion of the work in connection with the Callabonna fossils in quarto form as Memoirs. This has been necessary owing to the large size of the illustrations. Again the Society has to thank the Government for its enlightened gener- osity in placing a further sum of £100 on the Estimates of the current financial year for this purpose. It is to be hoped that at some future time a former contribution of the Callabonna fossils, namely, the description of the bones of Genyornis Newtoni, may also be re-issued in the enlarged form, so as to allow of the whole of the Callabonna work being published on a uniform scale. Fortunately the negatives of the plates have been preserved, so that the expense would be trifling. It will, however, be a matter for regret that the idea of a joint descriptive anthropo- logical work on the Australian aborigines has not advanced beyond the stage of being referred to the meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, to be held in Mel- bourne next January. There are, no doubt, many difficulties of an organising nature that await solution, but it is to be hoped that the man and the hour will mutually rise equal to the occasion. But if the outlook is not so favourable as might be desired in this matter, there is still ample room for congratulation on the part of Australian Anthropologists, that in closely successive years two works on the Australian Aborigines of supreme import- ance have made their appearance. Reference is made to *« Ethnological Studies among the North-West Central Queensland Aborigines,” by Dr. Roth; and to “ Native Tribes of Central Australia,” by Prof. Baldwin Spencer and Mr. F. J. Gillen, Special Magistrate. All will agree that these works, although of immense value, do not reach finality : but as Poucnet says, in the preface to his work on “‘The Plurality of Races,” ‘Books are, after all, merely a summary; they are behind-hand even on the day they are published.” The learned authors, however, have literally put into practice the advice given by Flourens:—“ We can only arrive at the distinction of species by direct and com- plete personal observation.” And as Pouchet, who quotes him, goes on to say :—“ The surest method of arriving at conclusive 300 evidence in anthropology is necessarily travels. Doubtless the study alone of the materials collected from afar is of the greatest possible use. But we repeat, concerning the study of mankind, what we said about the study of animals ; the anthropologist must leave his library and go into the great continents, in order to study by means of his own eye-sight. That it must be com- plete we have endeavoured to show ; but the only condition for its being complete is its being direct. . . . We can study philology and craniology in the library and in solitude, assisted by proper documents and sufficient materials—but not anthropology. ate We must not seek for a pure population in the streets of large cities. We can only study, in these places, individuals, not species. In those parts alone which we must make centres of observation, can we seé man indefinitely multiplied among really primitive people still free from inter-mixture, or with the least possible taint of the same. Then we must hasten to seize his general characteristics, and take both his physical and moral portraits.” In the last Presidential Address the opinion was quoted that the Australian aborigines were not an example of a degenerate race. Prof. Baldwin Spencer and Mr. Gillen endorse this opinion in their introduction, and no other observers can write with more authority or express an opinion carrying more weight. They say: ‘‘It is sometimes asserted that the Australian native is degenerate, but it is difficult to see on what grounds this con- clusion is based. His customs and organization, as well as his various weapons and implements, show, as far as we can see, no indication of any such feature. . . And there is at all events no evidence of the former existence of any stage of civilization higher than the one in which we now find them.” Andrew Lang, referring to the Australians, writes :—‘ The natives are a race without a history, far more antique than Egypt, nearer the begin- ning than any other people. . . The soil holds no pottery, the cave walls no pictures drawn by men more advanced; the sea hides no ruined palaces, no cities are buried in the plains; there’ is not a trace of inscriptions nor of agriculture. The burying places contain relics of men perhaps even lower than the existing tribes, nothing attests the presence in any age of men more cultivated.” Apparently the Australian natives represent one of those primitive types of mankind that were evolved at an early period after the parting of the two great branches of the tree of biology pertaining to the simian and human developments. And the analogy of tree growth may be carried further in the tendency which the larger branches have of producing buds, which may become developed into shoots and twigs of various lengths and strengths. The growth of these off-shoots would depend upon eee SRS h I. eS 301 circumstances, and we may infer that in these primitive types of mankind, the initial force which caused them to bud forth was feeble and the environment uncongenial to the evolution of a higher type. The first of these causes was probably the more effective, as at that period there was not as great a contrast between them and the corresponding developments on the simian branch, as exists at the present day between lowest man and highest ape. So that these early types never became evolved to a more imposing size and importance than that of abortive shoots on the human branch, and never were intended for anything more than local effects of a transitory nature, and were never ‘destined to play any important role in the general evolution of mankind. ‘This supposed initial uselessness does not, however, detract from their interest as anthropological studies. Their want in evolutionary force makes it probable that they still represent a type not far removed from the general anthropological development characteristic of the primeval times, when they first diverged from the general line. It must always be a matter of considerable difficulty to decide whether the savages inhabiting any particular locality are autochthonous or not. There appear to be a few spots on the surface of the globe whose inhabitants seem to merit this claim. At first sight it seems incredible that a country like India, that has been under the influences of civilizations from the remotest recorded times, should still harbour some of these primitive races. It is known that in the upper basin of the Nerbudda, in the centre of Hindostan, a forest race exists who are called by the ordinary inhabitants “monkey people.” They are described as being short, flat-nosed, with pouch-like wrinkles in semi-circles - round the corners of the mouth, the arms disproportionately long, and the body of a rusty black colour covered with a reddish hair. Again, it is recorded by Crawford in a paper to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1852, that three naturalists travelling on the northern coast of New Guinea, for scientific purposes, found the trees full of natives, who leaped from branch to branch like monkeys, with their weapons fastened on their backs. Pouchet says :—‘ This singular race has been noticed in Hindostan by many eye witnesses, and seems to live half its time in trees. We have a right to ask if the confused remembrance of such a race and such habits. was not the origin of the tradition which served as a foundation for the poem of Valmiki. Rama goes to the rescue of his wife, Sita, who had been carried off by the evil genius, Ravana ; he is assisted in this ‘enterprise by a valiant army of monkeys.” In a foot-note the Editor of the “ Plurality of Races,” Mr. Beavan, barrister-at-law, refers to “ Voyages de Francois Pyrard,” published in 1615; 302 there it is stated that at Sierra Leone there is a species of animal so strong-limbed and industrious that when properly trained and fed, will work like servants. Also to the ‘‘ Voyages de Guatier Shoutten aux Indes Orientales”’ where nearly the same account is given of what was considered to be the orang. They are taken with snares, taught to walk on their hind feet, and to use their fore feet as hands in performing different operations, as rinsing glasses, carrying drink round to the company, turning a spit, &e. To these early travellers it probably did not occur that man could exist in such primitive types, hence they were looked upon as a kind of ape. In more modern times the orang-utan, or men of the woods, of the Malay Peninsula, have been described, and if they are autochthones they probably represent a primordial type of the Mongolian centre, judging from their portraits. In such a case they could hardly have any anthropological associations with the aborigines of Australia. There are, however, some habits which show a strange similarity in the two races. One is the manner of obtaining fire by rapidly rotating two dry pieces of wood together. Another is a mode of burial in which a lateral chamber is made at the bottom of the grave into which the corpse is laid, so that the superincumbent earth, when the grave is filled in, may not incommode the dead and make it irritable. This lessens the chances of the spirit subsequently wanting to injure the relatives or removing itself too quickly to the camp where its mother was born. TRANSACTIONS, JOURNALS, AND REPORTS. ' Presented by the respective Societies, Editors, and Governments. AUSTRIA AND GERMANY. Berlin—Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fir Erdkunde, band XX XII. Nos. 4 to6; XX XIII. Nos. 1 to 4. — Verhandlungen, ditto, band XXIV. Nos. 7 to 10; band SOW Nos. howd»: * — Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich-Preuss. Akad der Wis- senschaften zu Berlin, Nos. 40 to 54 (1898). ——- Abhand. der Konig. Preuss. Meteorolog. Instituts, Ergeb. der Beobacht. an den Stationen, II.-IIL., 1894; 1., 1898. Bericht uber die Thatigkeit. ——. Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologic, 30th Annual Report, 1898, heft 3-5. Friburg—Naturforschinden zu Friburg, Berichte, band No. 1-3. Gottingen—Nachricht. von der K. Gesellschaft der Wissensch. u. d. Georg.-August. Universitat., heft 2 to 4 (1898) ; heft 1 (1899). Halle—Leopoldina year-book, 1897. Nova Acta der K. Leopold-Carol. Deut. Akad. der Naturforscher, band LX VII. and LXIX. ; Munich—Sitzungsber. der Mathem.-Physic. Classe der K. B. Akad. der Wissensch. der Miinchen, heft 2 to 4 (1898) ; heft. 1 (1899). Abhand. ditto., band XIX., heft 2. Vienna—NSitzungsber. der Math.-Naturwissensch. Classe K. Akad. der Wissensch., Expedition of 8S.M.S. “Pola” to Red Sea, 1895-6. — —-— Verhand. der K. Geolog. Reichsanstalt, Nos. 1 to 18 (1898). ——— K.K. Gradmess.-Bureau. Astronom. Arbeiten, band X. — —-— Verhand. der K.K. Zoolog.-Botan. Gesellschaft in Wien, band XLVITI., heft 1 to 10. ; ——— Annalen der K.K. Naturhist. Hofmuseums, band XIL., Nos. 1 to 4. Wurzburg—Sitzungsber. der Physik.-Medicin, Gesellsch., Nos. 1 to 8 (1898). 309 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND. Adelaide—Woods and Forests Dep.; Annual Report, 1897-8. — Adelaide Observatory ; Annual Report, 1895-6, ———— School of Mines; Annual Report, 1898. ——-— Public Library; Report of Board of Governors, 1897-8; ‘Plants, Insects, and Birds,” by J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Science—Report and Proceedings, vol. VIT., 1898. Brisbane—Royal Society, vol. XIV. Geological Survey ; Dep. Mines, Bulletins 8 and 10; Mesozoic Coal Measures of Stanwell, &. (1898) ; Geology of the Country round Stanthorpe and . Warwick. Melbourne—Victorian Naturalist, vol. X V., Nos. 7 to 12; vol. XVI., No. 1. —_—_-—.— Royal Society, vol. XI, pt. 2. ————— Roy. Geograph. Soc. Austral. (Vict.): Report of Council, 1898; Transactions, vol. XIT. —_—- Depart. Mines and Water: Report of Geolog. Survey, Victoria (1899). _ —————— Public Library, &c., &c.: Letters from Victorian Pioneers. Perth, W.A.—Gov. Geologist, Report, 1897; Bulletin No. 3,. the Coolgardie Goldfields. ——— ——. _ Year-Book ; Western Australia, its Position and Prospects. Dep. of Mines—Gold-mining Statistics, 1899. Sydney—Australian Museum—Memoirs III., Atoll of Funifuti, pt. 7; Report of Trustees, 1897, 1898; Descriptive Catalogue of Tunicata. —— Agricultural Gazette, vol. IX., pts. 9 to 12; vol. X., pts. 1 to 8. — Linnean Society, Proceedings, vol. XXIII, pts. 3, 4; vol. XXIV., pt. 1. ——— Parliamentary Report—Sea Fisheries, 1898. — Dep. of Mines and Agriculture—Records, vol. V., pt. 3; vol. VI., pts. 1, 2; Annual Report, 1897; Mineral Resources, Nos. 1 to 5; Manual of Grasses, N.S.W., by J. H. Maiden; Palzozoic Fossils, N.S.W., by L. G. de Koninck ; Aboriginal Carv- ings, Ethnol. Series, No. 1 ; Parliamentary Report Agriculture and Forestry, 1897. Sydney Observatory, Meteorological Observations, 1897. Wellington, N.Z.—Dep. Lands and Survey, Annual Report,. 32nd. 310 BELGIUM. ‘Brussels—Brochures sur les ants, &c. (C. Janet). CANADA. Halifax—Nova Scotian Institute Nat. Science, vol. [X., pts. 3, 4. -Ottawa—Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, vol. IX. (1896). ‘Toronto—Canadian Institute, Proceedings, vol. IT., pts. 1 to 7. FRANCE. Caen—Société Linnéene de Normandie. Marseille—Bulletin, series V., vol. I. (1897). —__————._ L.’Institute Coloniale de France, Annales, vol. V., Botany of French Antilles. Les Plantes a Caout- chouk, &c. “Nantes—Société Sciences Naturelles de Ouest de la France, Bulletin, tome VII., No. 4 (1897); tome VIII., Nos. 1, 2 (1898): “Paris—Feuilles des Jeunes Naturalistes, Nos. 334 to 346. Société Entomologique, Bulletin, Nos. 1 to 12 (1899) ; Annales, vol. LXV., Nos. 1 to 4 (1896). GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Belfast—Natural Hist. and Philosph. Society, Proceedings 1897-8. «Cambridge—Philosophical Society Proceedings, vol. [X., part 9; vol. X., parts 1-2. — Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. I., part 1, Hymenoptera Aculeata. Dublin—Royal Dublin Society, Proceedings, vol. VIII., part 6 ; Transactions, vol. VI., parts 14 to 16; vol. VIL., part l, Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings, vol. V., No, 1 Transactions, vol. XX XI., part 7. *Edinburgh—Royal Physical Society, Nests, &c., Ptelonorhynchine. Edinburgh Geological Society, Transactions, vol. VII., part 4. London—Royal Microscopical Society, Journal, parts 4 to 6 (1898) ; parts 1-3 (1899). Royal Society, Proceedings, vol. LXIV., Nos. 403 to 412; vol. LXV., Nos. 415 to 417. Linnean Society, Proceedings, 1898-9. Royal Colonial Institute, vol. X XIX. Entomological Society, Transactions, vol. 1898. British Museum, Catalogue of Birds, vol. XX VI. Leeds—Journal of Conchology, vol. [X., Nos. 4-5. Manchester—Manchester Liter. and Philosoph. Society, vol XLII., parts 4-5 | b) te 311 “Manchester— Manchester Geological Society, Transactions, vol. XXV., parts 17, 19, 21; vol. XXVI., parts 1 to 3. ITay. Florence—Societa Entomologica Italiana, Bulletins 1-2 (1899). Milan—Atti dilla Societa Italiana Scienze Naturali, vol. XXXVII., fascil 4 ——- Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Museo Livico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Memoirs, vol. VI., fas 2 Pisa— Atti dilla Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, vol. X VI. ‘Turin—Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparta dilla R., Univer. di Torino, Bolletino, vol. XITII., Nos. 320 to 334. INDIA. ‘Calcutta—Indian Museum, vol. IV., pt. 3. —— Royal Indian Marine Survey, Deep Sea Madriporaria, 1898-9. Madras—Government Museum, Bulletin, vol. II., pt. 2-3. JAPAN. “‘Tokio—College of Science, Imperial University Journals, vol. yp 3 5 vol. -X. pt. 3% vol.XL, pts. 1 to 3 ; vol. XIT., pts. 1 to 3. JAVA. Batavia—Naturkundige Tijdschrift, deel LVIIT. (1898). Mexico. Mexico—Sociedad Scientifica, tome XI., Nos. 9-12. Norway AND SWEDEN. Bergen—Bergens Museum, Crustacea of Norway, Isopods, vol. II., pts. 11-12. Stockholm—Geologiske Foreningens, 1898. Entomologisk Tidschrift, vol. 1898, pts. 1 to 4. K. Vitter. Antiquitits Akad., 1895. Stavanger—Stavanger Museum, Year-Book, 1897. Stockholm—K. Vitterhet. Hist. och Antig. Akad., vol., 1887-9 ; vol., 1890-4. ——— Antiqvarisk Tidskrigt fur Tverige, vol. XIII. 1-3; vol. XIV., 2-3; vol. XV., 1-2; vol. XVI., 1-4. Russia. Helsingfors—Der Geographische in Finland, Meddilangen, Finlands, IV. Moscow—Société Impériale des Naturalistes, Bulletins I. (1898). St. Petersburg—Comité Geologique, Bulletins, vol. X VII., Nos. 4 to 5; Memoirs, vol. X VI., No. 1. 312 St. Petersburg—Academie Impériale des Sciences, Bulletins, tome: VIIL., Nos. 3 to 5; tome VIII., Nos. 1 to 4; Memoirs Histo.-Philolog., tome I., No. 7; tome II., Nos. 1 to 2; tome ITII., No. 1; Memoirs Physic.-Mathemat., tome V., Nos. 6 to 13; tome VI., Nos. 1 to 10; Janalande Expedit. (1885-6). SWITZERLAND. Geneva—Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle, Compte. Rendu, vol. XV., 1898. Lausanne—Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, Bulletin, vol. XX XIV_,, Nos. 129-130; vol. XXXV., No. 931. SouTtH AMERICA. Buenos Ayres—Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Bolitino, tome ea caee NO, 2. Monte Video—Museo Nacional, Annales tomo, III., No. 10. Rio de Janeiro—Observatorie, Annuario, 1898. Museo Nacional, Archives, tome IX. — Revista Maritima Brazil; Bibliotheca anno. XVIII., Nos. 2 to 8. SouTH AFRICA. Cape Town—Philosophical Society, Transactions, vol. X., parts 2-3.. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Baltimore—John Hopkins University Studies, series XV., Nos.. 3 to 12; XVI., Nos. 1-4; Circulars, vol. X VIII., Nos. 137 to 141; Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. LII., No. 1. American Chemical Journal, vol. XITX., Nos. 3 to 10 ;. vol. XX., Nos..1 to 3. Boston—Boston Society of Natural History, Proceedings, vol. AX VIIT.. Nos. 6 to 12::, Memoirs. volw Vig aNes ce ——— American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Proceedings, vol. XX XITI., Nos. 5 to 27; vol. XXXIV., Nos. L tot: Buffalo—Society of Nat. Sciences, Bulletin, vol. V., Nos. 1 to 5 ;. you. (¥ iio. 1; Cambridge—Harvard Museum Comparative Zoology, Bulletin, vol. XXXII., Nos. 7-9. Cincinnati—Society of Nat. Hist., vol. XIX., No. 4. Champaign, Illinois—State Laboratory Nat. Hist., Bulletin, vols. III-IV. Chicago—Field Columbian Museum Anthropotosical Series, vol.. I., No. 4; vol. II., No. 3. 313 Granville, Ohio—Denison University, Scientific Laboratories, Bulletin, vol. [X., part 2; vol. X; vol. XI., parts 1 to 3. Indianopolis—Indiana Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, 1896-7. New York—N.Y. Academy of Sciences, Transactions, vol. X VI. (1896-7); Annals, vol. X., Nos. 1 to 12; vol. a iawos, 1, a. ———___—__ Public Library, Bulletin, vol. II., Nos. 9 to 12; vol. III., Nos. ‘1 to 6. Madison, Wisconsin—Academy of Science, Transactions, vol. XI.; Wisconsin Geological and Nat. Hist. Survey, Forestry Conditions, Instincts and Habits of Solitary Wasps. Massachussets—Tufts’ College Studies, No. V. Philadelphia—Academy Natural Sciences, Proceedings, 1897-8. — Museum of Philadelphia, State of Nicaragua. San Francisco—California Acad. Sciences, Proceedings, vol. I. Nos::2, 3, 5. Salem—KHssex Institute, Proceedings, vol. XX VI., Nos. 4 to 12; wor Sow VIL Nos. 1 123 vol XXVIII, Nos..1 to 6; vol. XXIX., Nos. 1 to 6. ———- American Assoc. Advance. of Science, Proceedings, 1897 (Detroit), 1898 (Boston). St. Louis—Missouri Botanic Gardens, Report, 1898. ao. of Science, Proceedings, wal, Vaits Nosi)17 to 20: vol. VIIT,, Nos. 1 to 7 ee 8. Geological Survey, Bulletin, No. 149 (1897) ; Nos. 88, 89 (1898) ; Monographs, vol. XXX.; Dep. of eee Bulletin, 141 to 148. — Department of Agriculture, Year-Book, 1898 ; Bulletins 9 to 11; Report of Secretary, 1898. — Smithsonian Institution, Proceedings U.S. National Museum, Annual Reports 896-7 Bulletin No. 47, pts. 2, 3. ————— Academy of Science, Proceedings, vol. I. 314 LIST OF FELLOWS, MEMBERS, &c. NovrEMBER, 1899. Those marked (F) were present at the first meeting when the Society was founded. ‘Those marked (L) are Life Fellows. Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers published in the Society’s Transactions. Any changes in the addresses should be notified to the Secretary. Date of Election 1857. 1893. 1888. 1876. 1890. 1853. 1893. 1855. 1855. 1892. 1899. 1876. 1894. 1881. 1881. 1880. 1881. 1880. 1888. 1893. 1886. 1880. 1892. 1883. 1893. HONORARY FELLOWS. BARKELEY, SiR Henry, K.C.M.G., K.C.B., F.R.S., Royal Colonial Institute, London. CossMANN, M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris. *DENNANT, JOHN, F.G.S., F.C.S., Inspector of Schools, Russell- street, Camberwell, Melbourne, Victoria. Evurry, R. L. J., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer Vic- toria, The Observatory, Melbourne, Victoria. *ETHERIDGE, ROBERT, Director of the Australian Museum of New South Wales, Sydney. GARRAN, A., LL.D., Sydney, New South Wales. GREGORIO, MARQUIS DE, Palermo, Sicily. Hutu, H. M., Hobart, Tasmania. LittLe, E. *Marpen, J. H., F.L.S., F.C.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales. Meyrick, EK. T., B.A., Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wiltshire, England. RussELL, H. C., B.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales. *Witson, J. T., M.D., Professor of Anatomy, Sydney University. \CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Bai.ey, F. M., F.L.S., Colonial Botanist, Brisbane, Queensland. *Cioup, T. C., F.C.S., Manager Wallaroo Smelting Works, South Australia. *FOELSCHE, PAUL, Inspector of Police, Palmerston, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. GOLDSTEIN, J. R. Y., Melbourne, Victoria. *KEMPE, Rev. J., Australia. *MASKELL, W. M., Wellington, New Zealand. . *McKi.uop, Rev. Davin, 8.J., Superior Daly River Mission, Nor- thern Territory. Niconay, Rev. ©. G., Freemantle, Western Australia. *Ricuarps, Mrs. A., Mount Barker, South Australia. *Scuu.z, Rev. Louis. *STIRLING, JAMES, Assistant Geological Surveyor, Victoria. *SrretTron, W. G., Palmerston, Northern Territory. 1887. 1874. 1895. 8s7. 1893. 1887. 1884. 1886. 1882. 1883. 1899. 1898. 1893. 4879. 1895. 1876. 1895, 1880, 1887, 1876. 1896, 1893. 1890. 1871. 1899. 1886. 1882. 1889. 1880. 1887. 1896. 1890. 1896. 1899. 1891. 1883. 1899. 1893. 1896. 1853. 1894. 1899. 1899. 41884. 315 FELLOWS. Apcock, D. J., Adelaide, South Australia. Aneas, J. H., Adelaide, South Australia. *AsHupy, Epwin, Adelaide, South Australia, Bacor, JoHn, Adelaide, South Australia. *BEDNALL, W. T., Adelaide, South Australia. *BLACKBURN, Rey. Tuomas, B.A., Woodville, South Australia. BorrrecerR, OTrro, Adelaide, South Australia. *Bracc, W. H., M.A., Professor of Mathematics, University of Adelaide, South Australia. Brown, L. G.. Adelaide, South Australia. *Brown, H. Y. L., F.GS., Government Geologist South Australia, Adelaide. Browne, T. L., Adelaide. Browne, J. H, North Adelaide. Brummitr, Rosert, M.R.C.S., England, Kooringa, South Australia. *CLELAND, W. L., M.B., Ch.M., J.P., Colonial Surgeon, Resident Medical Officer Parkside Lunatic Asylum, Lecturer on Materia Medica University of Adelaide, Parkside, South Australia. CLELAND, JOHN B., Parkside South Australia. (L) Cooke, E., Commissioner of Audit South Australia, Adelaide. South Australia. CookE, Joun H., Adelaide, South Australia. Cox, W. C., Semaphore, South Australia. *Dixon, SamvukL, Adelaide, South Australia, Dossiz, A, W., Adelaide South Australia. DrummonpD, J. H. G., M.D., Moonta. Duptey, U. *East, J. J., F.G.S. (Corresponding Member, 1884). Exper, Sir THomas, G.C.M.G., Adelaide, South Australia. FrerGusson, ANDREW, Agricultural School, Adelaide. FLemMiINnG, Davin, Adelaide, South Australia. Fow.er, WILLIAM, Melton, Yorke’s Peninsula, South Australia. Fraser, J. C., Adelaide, South Australia. *GoyDER, GEORGE, JUN., F.C.S., Government Analyst South Australia, South Australia. Grasspy, W. C., F.L.S., Adelaide South Australia. GREENWAY, THOMAS J., East Adelaide. Grey, REv. WIcLIAM, Mount Barker, South Australia. Hawker, E. W., Adelaide. *Hicern, A. J., University, Adelaide. *Hoxitze, Maurice, F.L.S., Director Botainc Gardens, Adelaide (Corresponding Member, 1882), Adelaide, South Australia. *Howcuin, Water, F.G.S., Goodwood East, South Australia. Hueues, SAMUEL, B.Sc., Registrar of the School of Mines, Adelaide. James, THomas, M.R.C.S., England, Moonta, South Australia. JONES, J. W., Conservator of Water, Adelaide. (F) Kay, Rospert, General Director and Secretary South Aurtralian Public Library, Museum, &c., Adelaide, South Australia. KersHaw, JAMES A., Entomologist National Museum, Melbourne, KLEEMAN, RICHARD, Rowlands Flat. *Kocu, Max, Mt. Lyndhurst. Lenpon, A. A., M.D., M.B.C.S., Lecturer on Forensic Medicine and on Chemical Medicine University of Adelaide, Honorary Physician Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. 316: Luoyp, J. S., Adelaide, South Australia. *LoweER, O. B., F. Ent. S., Broken Hill. *Lucas, R. B., Adelaide, South Australia. LuxkowiTz, M. von, M.D., Adelaide. *MaGarRky, S. J., M.D., M.L.C., Adelaide, South Australia. Mayo, G. G., C.E., Adelaide, South Australia. Mouineux, A., F.L.S., Secretary Central Agricultural Bureau,. South Australia, Kent Town, South Australia. Munton, H. 8., Brighton, South Australia. (L)MurraAy, Davip, Adelaide, South Australia. *PARKER, THomaAS, C. E., Rockhampton, Queensland. Perks, R. H., M.D., F.R.C.S., England, Birksgate, South Australia. Puituirs, W. H., Adelaide, South Australia. Poot, W. B., Adelaide, South Australia. Purpir, A., M.A., School of Mines, Adelaide. *RENNIE, H. H., M.A., D.Sce., F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry Uni- versity of Adelaide. *Rutt, WALTER, C.#., Adelaide, South Australia. Sztway, W. H., Adelaide, South Australia. Stmson, AuGcustus, Hobart, Tasmania. SMEATON, Tuomas D., Blakiston, Littlehampton, South Australia. SmitH, RoBert BARR, Adelaide, South Australia. *STIRLING, EDwarp C., C.M.G., M.A.,. M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.S.,. Lecturer on Physiology University of Adelaide, Honorary Director South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Aus- tralia. *TatE, Raupu, F.L.S., F.G.S., Professor of Natural Science Uni- versity of Adelaide. *TrEpPER, J. G. O., F.L.S., Entomologist South Australian Museum: (Corresponding Member, 1878), Adelaide, South Australia. “Torr, W. G., LL.D., Way College. *TURNER, A. JEFFERIS, M.D., Brisbane. VARDON, JOSEPH, J.P., Adelaide, South Australia, *VERCO, JosEPH C., M.D., F.R.C.S., Lecturer on the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Therapeutics and on Clinical Medi- cine University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Austrvlia. Watnwricut, E. H., B.Se., St. Peter’s College, South Australia. Wark, W. L., Adelaide, South Australia. Way, Epwarp W., M.B., M.R.C.S., Lecturer on Obstetrics and Diseases Peculiar to Women and Children University of Ade- laide, Adelaide, South Australia. Way, Rr. Hon. Sir Samunru J., Bart., D.C.L., Chief Justice and Lieutenant-Governor South Australia, Adelaide, South: Australia. *Z1ETZ, A., F.L.S., Assistant Director South Australian Museum,,. Adelaide, South Australia, 317 pe PEN bd © ES. FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE Roval Society of South Australia. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30'1rH, 1899. Evening Meetings.—Nine evening meetings have been held, at which papers, &c., have been given as under :— 1898, Oct. 18—“The Birds of the Finniss District,” Dr. A. M. Morgan. Noy. 18—Conversazione: addresses by E. Ashby, W. Howchin, ¥.G.8., and J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. 1899 April ‘18—Easter Encampment of Boys’ Field Club at Port Willunga. E. Ashby. May 18—‘“South Australian Orchids, ” J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. June 20—“ Natural History Recollections of New Zealand,” Mrs. 8. L. Schourup ; “ Remarks on Thelyphonus sp.’ F. R. Zietz. July 18—‘ Comparisons and Contrasts between the Levant and South Australia,” W. C. Grasby, F.LS. Aug. 23—“ A New Use for Spiders,” W. H. Selway, Jun. Replies to questions (question-box), J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. Sept. 12—‘“‘ Australian Birds,” A. J. Campbell. “ 26—Annual Meeting, Chairman’s Address, E. Ashby. The most noticeable feature of these indoor gatherings was the conversazione, which was the first held for four years, and which attracted a very large attendance. A new departure on that occasion was that of having short addresses at intervals during the 318 evening, the time between being taken up by an inspection of a. large and interesting display of exhibits. This, together with music and refreshments, helped the visitors to spend a pleasant and instructive evening. Another large gathering was that on the occasion of the lecture of Mr. A. J. Campbell, of Melbourne, the well-known expert in ornithology, whose descriptive remarks. on “ Australian Birds,” and photographs of their nests and eggs taken on the spot, and shown by the aid of limelight, were much appreciated. We were indebted to a former member, Mr. W. C. Grasby, F.L.S., for filling up one evening—the first on which the Boys’ Field Club (of which that gentleman is President) met jointly with this Section. It will be noticed that Dr. A. M. Morgan gave a paper on “ The Birds of the Finniss District,” and it may here be mentioned that during the past year a few mem- bers specially interested in bird life formed themselves into a separate organization, known as “The Ornithological Association of 8.A.,” of which Dr. Morgan is the first President. It is to be hoped that this step will not be the means of the members of the Field Naturalists’ Section losing the privilege of listening in future to papers on a subject so peculiarly appropriate to a Field Club as that of ornithology. It will be seen that we had the pleasure of hearing one paper read by a lady member, and it is hoped that her example will be followed by others of her sex, which forms a considerable pro- portion of our membership. Exhibits in several departments of Natural History have been shown at these meetings, and have added considerable interest to the proceedings. Opportunity is in this way given to show for the benefit of the members generally what has been found at the various excursions. The attendance at both evening meetings. and excursions has been well maintained. Excursions.—During the year twelve excursions have been: held, of which the following is a list -— 1898. Oct. 15—Blackwood. 29-——Upper Sturt. Nov. 14—Hack’s Bridge, River Onkaparinga. 26—National Park, via Waverley. 1899. Feb. 25—Dredging, Port River. March 11—‘ Holmfirth,” Fulham. April 1—Mt. Lofty (Summit). May 13—Botanic Gardens, Museum of Economic Botany. June 24-—Grange. Aug. 19—Blackwood. Sept. 1—Gawler. 3—Teatree Gully. 319 The longest of these excursions were those to Hack’s Bridge and Gawler, both of which were revisited after a lapse of some years. That to Gawler introduced the members to many plants not seen nearer Adelaide. Although most of the names of the other localities are familiar, the excursions have been to different por- tions of those places or at other times of the year. One of the _ most pleasant was that to Upper Sturt, via National Park, and back by way of Crafers, when the members were indebted to the hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Symon. The summit of Mt. Lofty was visited on April lst, when Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Sells entertained the members. A visit to “‘ Holmfirth,” Fulham, by invitation of Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Mellor, gave a much enjoyed outing at a time of the year when it is dificult to find suitable localities for excursions. Blackwood was visited earlier in the season than usual, under the guidance of Mr. T. C. A. Magarey, to whom, as well as to Mrs. Magarey, the Section is under obliga- tion. One dredging trip was arranged, and a visit to the Museum of Economic Botany was not the least profitable of the out-door meetings. The excursions have been the means of enriching the members’ collections, but, as is to be expected, it seldom happens that any absolutely new discovery is made. Fauna and Flora Protection Committee. —The report from this Committee shows that the questions cf the preservation of our forests and a new Birds Protection Bill have been the most im- portant subjects dealt with by it during the past year. Boys’ Field Club.—During the year the question of combining in some way with this club was brought forward, and a sub- committee from each Society drew up resolutions which met with acceptance, and now the junior club has the privilege of holding its meetings in the Royal Society’s room, and of attending the meetings of this Section, while it is hoped that the latter will benefit by an acquisition to its membership of those who, to some extent, are thus being prepared for it. Obituary.— We have lost the unusual number of four members by death during the year, three of them in the same month (March, 1899), viz., Miss Jessie L. Hussey, Mr. E. F. Turner, and Mr. E. Guest, whilst later in the year one of our oldest members (Dr. Whittell) passed away. Dr. Whittell occupied the chair at the inaugural meeting of the Section on November 7, 1883, when Professor Tate delivered a lecture explaining its objects. Miss Hussey was one of our most active and enthusiastic workers, and her death was a great loss, not only to the Section, but to numerous scientific correspondents in various parts of the world. Mr. Guest was specially interested in entomology, and this Section recently passed a resolution in favour of his valuable collection of Microlepidoptera being pur- 320 chased for the Public Museum. Mr. Turner was not an active member, but his sad and sudden death appealed to the sympathy of the members generally. Proceedings.—At last the connecting links in the printed volumes of proceedings have been completed, and now some account of each year’s work, since the inception af the Section, is recorded in type by the issue of the pamphlet distributed to members a few months back. Financial.—Owing to the cost of the Conversazione and of printing the reports both coming into this financial year, the expenditure has been heavier than usual, viz., £20 5s., while the subscriptions handed to the Royal Society amount to £17. For each of the three preceding years, however, the Section paid — to the parent Society £5 more than it received in the way of grants ; so that the small deficiency this year is more than counter- balanced, without the Government grant being taken at all into consideration. Membership.—There has been a considerable increase in the number of members elected during the year. A few of these, however, have not yet gone through the formality of paying any subscription, so that they can hardly be considered full members at present. Owing to death, removal from the colony, or non-payment of subscription, several names have been struck off the roll, which now numbers 99. Epwin Asupy, Chairman. Adelaide, Sept. 20, 1899. W. H. Setway, Hon. Sec. ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIVE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION COMMITTEE OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 26TH SEPTEMBER, 1899. The Committee have met three times in the past year, but between the meetings much time has been devoted by some of the members to the objects for which they hold office. Their attention having been specially directed by some letters in the Register, signed ‘Semper Fidelis,” to the destruction of trees in the natural forest of Wirrabara, the Secretary was in- structed to obtain further particulars; and viewing with alarm the information received, the Committee decided to organise a deputation to the Government on the subject. More than 100 circulars were distributed, mentioning the facts that already out of our forest reserves 65,000 acres had been let on “ grazing and cultivation leases,” containing no reservation of timber, and that 321 -about 100,000 acres more were included in “ grazing leases,” of which some of the holders were agitating for conversion .into “< perpetual leases,” with power to destroy the trees. A deputa- tion of about 40, comprising members of the Legislative Council and House of Assembly, and representatives of the Agricultural Bureau, the Australian Natives’ Association, the Geographical Society, the Royal Society, the Field Naturalists’ Society, the Birds’ Protection Society, the Ornithological Association, and others waited upon the Commissioner of Crown Lands on 11th May, and strongly urged upon him the necessity of properly pro- tecting the trees; and the Committee hope that, as a result of their efforts, a large portion of the forests may be saved from destruction. é The Committee having been informed that some persons were permitted to shoot birds upon the Hope Valley Reservoir, the ‘Secretary wrote to the Commissioner of Public Works asking that the use of firearms on the reservoirs of the colony and their enclosures might be strictly prohibited. To this application a courteous reply was received that this request would be complied with and that ‘“ the Engineer in-Chief has been given instructions to have notices posted on all water reserves preventing sporting -of any kind.” After much delay the Committee are at length able to report that a Birds’ Protection Bill has been introduced, by Mr. Play- ford, into the House of Assembly. The Bill which was prepared last year, but which did not come before Parliament, contained 19 sections, whilst the new one has only 12, having been almost -entirely redrawn by the same gentleman, who gave much time and attention to its predecessor. It bears the inscription pre- pared by “ the Committee of the Society for Protection of Birds.” With a few amendments this Bill, if carried into law, should give nearly as large a measure of protection to the birds as the Com- mitte could hope for from mere legislation, and with the rapidly growing belief in the usefulness of birds, and desire among land- owners to prevent their destruction, much good should result. W. H. Seiway, pro. Chairman. M. Symonps Ciarxk, Hon. Secretary. Adelaide, September 25, 1889. ee ‘668T ‘xequieqdeg yr9z ‘eprefep¥ ‘dounsyoi pT, pte ‘oag "WOH ‘AVAVIUS ‘H "M *s1OJIPNY { ‘NOLVUNS "9 "CAQHI “8 oF skagen 97 vfs Uae 139 x) i oAg a ak « ric re fo ISSUED AUGUST, 1900. Adelaide : C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. r: Is for transmission to the Royal Society of South alia, from Europe and America, should be addressed r Dae c. 4 Rigby, caré Messrs. Thos. Meadows &- Cox, ee Ta ills Sitoet, Ceayelis, London. af a eee gee aes TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS Per PORT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. VOL. XXIV., Part II. [With THREE PLATES. ] EDITED BY PROFESSOR R. TATE. ISSUED DECEMBER, 1900. Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed ‘“per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 35, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.” Roval Society of South Australia. EEE Patron: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. Vice-Patron : HIS EXCELLENCY LORD TENNYSON. Or TOnmns [ELECTED OcToBER, 1900]. President : PROFESSOR E. H. RENNIE, D.Sc., F.C.S. Vice=presidents : W. L. CLELAND, M.B. WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S. Bon, Creasurer : Bon, Secretary : WALTER RUTT, C.E. G. G. MAYO, C.E. Members of Council: EDWIN ASHBY A. M. MORGAN, M.B. REV. THOS BLACKBURN, B.A. W, H. SELWAY SAMUEL DIXON PROFESSOR RALPH TATE (Representative Governor). yea a4 Serer iroN TS. PART I. (Issued August, 1900). CuarK, E. V.: Geological Notes on the cae peaking nee and Myoponga Bays - Turner, Dr. A. JEFFERIS: New Be tevilictars, mostly from Queensland - - . - - : ; Hay, Roprrt: Notes on a Collection of Bird Skins from Kalgoorlie, W.A. - . : - . - - : BuacKBuRN, Rev. T.: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptera (AXVI.) - - - - : - : . Goypsr, G. A. : Sulvanite—A New Mineral - : é ‘ Howcuin, WALTER: Evidences of Extinct lecial Action in Southern Yorke’s Peninsula = e E : PART II. (Issued December, 1900). Kocu, Max: Supplementary List of Plants from Mount Lyndhurst, S.A. - = Asusy, Epwin: Definitions of Two New Species of South Australian Polyplacophora (Plate I. pars) - - - 2 3 Maueuan, M. M.: Definition of a New Species of South Australian Polyplacophora (Plate I. pars) - - “ x S Tatg, Pror. Raupu, and W. L. May: Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Australian Mollusca (chiefly Tasmanian) - Tate, Pror. RautpH: On the Occurrence of Marine Fossiliferous Rocks at Kerguelen Island (Plates II. and III.) - - : Tater, Pror. RALPH: Section of a Well- rere at Mulgundawa, near Wellington, S.A. - - . : : : ZizTz, A.: Description of a New Species of Acanthiza : BuaceBurn, Rev. T.: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptera (XXVII.) - : . ; - - . - ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS”) - - : : : r ANNUAL REPORT 3 ‘ a A ‘ BALANCE SHEET PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS DonATIONS TO LIBRARY List or FELLOWS - - - = Be : : PROCEEDINGS, ANNUAL REPORT, AND Ts SHEET OF THE Fretp NATURALISTS’ SECTION - : 2 PROCEEDINGS AND BALANCE SHEET OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SECTION - GENERAL INDEX - - i . ‘ A PAGE 71 81 86 89 90 104 109 112 113 170 174 175 176 186 196 199 204 206 i Pa iz mreie " 7s. a as : : , : Beas are in ber’ . ot re wT J ing in: =. “ : 7 ie GEOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE CLIFFS SEPARATING ALDINGA AND MYPONGA BAYS. By Epwarp VINCENT CLarRK, B.Sc. [Communicated by Pror. Tare. | [Read November 7, 1899. ] Travelling southwards along the coast from the Port Willunga Jetty, the Eocene and overlying Miocene both dip downwards, and after a mile or so the Eocene disappears beneath the sand strand ; about half a mile further on the Miocene also reaches to sea-level. Both sets of beds are last seen as reefs between low and high water, but as the dip of the Miocene is the smaller, the reef formed by it is much larger than that of the Eocene, extend- ing a considerable distance both seawards and southwards on the shore, and also a good deal further below sea-level. It is last seen about two miles from Port Willunga Jetty, but is visible somewhat further if the sand has been swept by a storm. The Post-miocene clays which cap the cliffs then:gradually give way to sandhills, which are well overgrown and contain a good percentage of calcic carbonate. The beach is broad, and above ordinary high tide is a bank of shingle, increasing in size as we go south, while the sandhills become smaller. Two miles (roughly) from where the Miocene reef disappears these are no longer covered with vegetation, and behind them is a lagoon in a basin that was formerly an arm of the sea, but which has been re- claimed by the shingle drifting up from the south and the sediment washed down from the Sellick’s Ranges. This lagoon is now fresh water, or only slightly brackish when full, but dries up nearly every summer. Dead shells of Coxiella confusa are in profusion in the silt. From this point the sandhills give place to a clayey deposit, still flanked by the bed of shingle (which is much coarser here), and rising somewhat rapidly in height—about one foot per chain. This clay bears a considerable likeness to the mottled clays over- lying the Miocene at Blanche Point and the jetty, with the exception that it contains a vast amount of gravel, arranged in more or less horizontal layers. This gravel is mainly of quartzite, shale, and ironstone ; and the pebbles are only slightly worn— most with the corners just taken off, but many quite angular, and a few well-rounded. Owing to the amount of gravel in this clay it will stand at a great inclination, and being by no means in 2 durated the wash of water has cut it into huge pinnacles, with sides nearly, if not quite, vertical. Where there happens to be little or no gravel, it stands at a much lower angle, and it is in such places that ‘the resemblance is seen to the clays further north. This clay is well seen for upwards of two miles, and before losing its distinctive character, where the Cambrian lime- stones begin, attains a height of 150 feet or more. Beyond this the clays do not form the escarpment, and so are not prominent, being seen occasionally at the top of the cliffs. As the ground slopes almost without a break from the top of the escarpment to the Sellick’s Ranges, these clays must be of immense volume. Some five and a half miles south of the jetty—a mile south of where these clays first replace the sandhills—is seen a small patch of Eocene polyzoal limestone at their base. This bed is never visibly above 20 feet in height, and is about 600 yards long in all. It is largely worn away at the base, and owing to this its thinness and the weight of the overlying clays—here 80 to a 100 feet in height—it is greatly broken about. The result is that the dip of the bed is hard to estimate, but seems to be five to seven degrees to the south. That the dip is low is shown by the fact that a small extension of this bed as a reef presents a nearly flat surface, not a series of ridges, as is the case further south. This limestone is of a distinct yellowish tinge, and very pure, over 90 per cent. being soluble in acid, the balance being clay, not sand. It is made up almost entirely of polyzoa, with a fair number of other fossils, but most in such fragments as to be un- recognisable, or at any rate not in a condition to be removed from the rock, which is extremely friable, crumbling under very little pressure. It is greatly undermined by the sea, which reaches it whenever the tide is higher than usual. The reef is, of course, much more indurated, or it could not exist. For three-quarters of a mile further after the last of this lime- stone the clays form the escarpment, owiny to their easy erosion somewhat back from the beach, and then Cambrian makes its appearance—mainly shale at first. The Cambrian strata here dip at an angle of 75° to the north-west, but the inclination is not well-shown, as, while the coast faces about west, the escarp- ment is irregular, sloping back from the beach, and somewhat overgrown ; also devoid of distinct bands. Up to this point the coast has run pretty consistently north and south, there being a slight bay from the Miocene reef south- wards. Here it takes a sharp turn towards the west, and is henceforth very irregular. There is practically no more beach, the shore-line being either a reef or else piled up with detached boulders, with sometimes a few feet of sand interspersed with rocky debris at the foot of the escarpment. eer me ov 72! De Ns ee oe 3 Three hundred yards further on Eocene again appears over- lying the Cambrian. It is here, however, much inclined, dipping to the N.N.W. at an angle of 50° at first, increasing to 65°, and finally diminishing to 45°. It extends seawards for a short dis- tance as a reef, but owing to the high dip it is of no great breadth. Due, however, also to the great inclination, it is extremely regular, and for a 150 yards or so where the cliffs take a bend and run approximately parallel to the direction of strike — (W.S.W.) it consists of a series of ridges, parallel to each other and to the shore. One ridge in particular, though only two feet wide, is so uniform that it was keeping the sea inside at a height of 15 to 18 inches higher than outside. In this the reef is very different to that at the small patch of Eocene rocks to the north, and to the reefs south of the Port Willunga Jetty and at Blanche Poiut. In these cases, where the dip of the rocks is low, the reef either presents a fairly level surface or, if the rock is not quite uniform, a Jabyrinthine outcrop, the projecting lines of greatest resistance to wear turning and twisting about extremely irregularly, as is so well seen in the Miocene reef at Schnapper Point, south of Port Willunga Jetty. Opposite to these ridges the face of the cliff is peculiar; as it is approximately parallel to the line of strike, one would expect it to reveal the strata in horizontal bands, but, again owing to the high dip, every projection of a few feet causes a considerable depression in the position of the band on the face of the cliff, and in the same way every recession of a few feet causes a corresponding elevation. The result is that, seeing the escarpment here alone, one would go away with the impression that the strata were highly contorted. These Eocene beds reach to a considerable height—at their southern extremity over a hundred feet; but are not so high further north. The lithological character is considerably different from that of the bed before mentioned (though containing pretty much the same fossils), and approaches more nearly to that of the Hocene to the south of.the Port Willunga Jettv. The rock is not nearly so full of polyzoa, and yields only 60-70 per cent. soluble in acid, the balance being partly sand, partly clay. It is also more in- durated, in places being very hard. Here again fossil collecting is of very little use, everything being broken, and obtainable in fragments only. After being absent from the face of the cliff for about three- quarters of a mile, the Cambrian again is seen at the foot of the escarpment beneath the Eccene, which extend for about a 100 yards further, their last appearance in the cliff being at an alti- tude of over a 100 feet. The Eocene reef extends for perhaps a 4 150 yards more, but after that, as far as I was able to go (about four miles measured along the coast, though much less as the crow flies) no more was visible The cliffs here, at the end of the Hocene, are of great height, but it is hard to say exactly what. The top of the escarpment is not well defined, and from there the ground slopes directly up to the Sellick’s Ranges. Quite close to the cliff, though not right at its edge, I was at an elevation of a 180 feet. The Cambrian near here dips at an angle of 65° to 70° to the north, the westerly strike being very clearly shown by the bands of quartzite standing out on a small reef at the foot of the escarp- ment. This reef protects the cliff from the sea’s action, and therefore there is here very little loose rock on the shore-line, and the high-water mark is shown by a line of sand some 20 feet wide. Further south the inclination is greater, but still in the same direction. Here the rocks dip at an angle of 75° at the top of the escarpment (here a 100 feet high), and at the base they are vertical or even slightly inclined in the opposite direction, though but a very small part shows this inversion. A little further still the dip is 80°, and strike (as shown by the reef on the beach) W. by 8. This reef extends very little further—less than three-quarters of a mile altogether—and after that the beach, or rather the shore-line, presents a tangled mass of boulders. These are some of quartzite, well-rounded, and very smooth ; some of a calcareous nature, worn into sharp spikes and projections, painful to walk on; and others, which present the most peculiar appearance, composed of black ferruginous dolomite, which wears away along the lines of stratification into amygdaloidal holes, into which pebbles have often been forced, and too coarse to be seen in hand specimens. This rock does not appear on the face of the cliff, but is very plentiful on the shore-line, not only along here, but also right back to where the Cambrian first appears. Masses of ironstone are also to be met with occasionally. After the end of the Cambrian reef the cliffs are not nearly so fine, seldom presenting a bold escarpment to the sea, but sloping back somewhat, with frequently a surface coating of clayey soil carrying vegetation. The rock itself, which crops out frequently, also becomes more calcareous in nature. The dip is, therefore, hard to obtain, as even where a fair section is shown-there is no reef to show the strike, which is highly important with such a great dip. Occasionally, where the cliff slopes back more than usual, the shore-line becomes more pebbly, with fewer great boulders; and in a few spots a small patch of sand was to be met with. Also, at intervals, there is a jutting point of rock extend- ing right up to the sea, making it difficult to pass, and this. appeared to be more frequently the case towards Myponga. 0 The cliffs here, as mentioned above, are more calcareous than further north (especially the jutting points), where they are mostly pink, purple, brown, or black shales, with bands of quartzite, highly coloured by iron. It is by these quartzite bands that the dip is most apparent, the shales showing stratification lines very poorly. The following are the distances of the various distinctive points of the coast from the Port Willunga Jetty, as measured by cyclometer :— Distance S. of Port Willunga Jetty. End of Miocene reef .. (say) 2 miles End of thickly-clothed sandhills Beginning of gravelly clays .. Appearance of Eocene rocks — Disappearance of Eocene rocks Appearance of Cambrian Disappearance of Cambrian and reappear- ance of Eocene (here highly oa ee Reappearance of Cambrian ... vs Final disappearance of Eocene End of Cambrian reef As mentioned before, fossils are very , difficult to collect, owing to their being nearly all in fragments. The following, however, I have edtitied 3. From the first Eocene bed (of low inclination)— Cidaris sp. Lovenia Forbesii, Z'en.- Woods. Scutellina patella, Tate. Fibularia gregata, Tate. Antedon pertusa, Z'ate, m.s. Waldheimia sp. (indet.). From the second Eocene bed (of high inclination )— Cidaris sp. Echinus Woodsii, Lawbe. Lovenia Forbesii, Z’en.- Woods. Fibularia gregata, Tate. Echinolampas posterocrassus, Gregory. Pecten consobrinus, 7'ate. Waldheimia sp. (indet.). Hior9|abdo| bole o> Ot OU E> eq Estimated us only. CIN D | oolorbo|! ip |co NEw MIcRO-LEPIDOPTZERA—MOSTLY FROM QUEENSLAND. By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D., F.E.S., Brisbane. [Read December 5, 1899. ] XYLORYCTIDA. This family is now merged by Mr. Meyrick in the Gelechiade, but as the Australian Gelechiade, with the exception of this section, have not yet received systematic treatment, it is con- venient to retain the above designation for the present. The present contribution is supplementary to my paper on _ the “(Queensland Xyloryctide,” in the Annals of the Queensland Museum, No. 4, 1897. PILOSTIBES, Meyr. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked or coincident, 7 to costa. On reconsideration, I have determined to retain this genus, altering the definition as above, and regarding P. enchidias, Meyr., as the type; referring P. stigmatias, Meyr., to Xylorycta. PILOSTIBES TRACHYPTERA, 7. Sp. Female, 40 mm. Head brown-whitish. Palpi brown-whitish ; terminal joint and apex of second joint white. Antenne grey. Thorax brown-whitish. Abdomen whitish. Legs brown-whitish ; anterior tibiz and tarsi much thickened with scales. Forewings posteriorly dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex round- pointed, hindmargin straight, slightly oblique; veins 7 and 8 coincident ; brown-whitish, suffused with reddish-brown and fuscous-brown, with five or six tufts of raised scales; a dark- fuscous oblique mark on costa at one-fourth ; paler fuscous marks on costa at middle, three-fourths, and two more between last and apex ; an ill-defined blackish streak in disc above middle, and several fine blackish streaks along veins in posterior portion of disc ; cilia brown-whitish, with an incomplete darker basal line. Hindwings brown-whitish ; cilia whitish, at apex pale fuscous. A very distinct species, apparently referable here, but the male is wanted to establish this with certainty. The raised tufts of scales on forewings are a peculiar character. Palmwoods, Queensland (60 miles north of Brisbane); one specimen taken by Mr. R. H. Relton. i ‘ CrYPTOPHAGA BALTEATA, Walk. Male. Zitna balteata, Walk., Suppl., 1841. Female. Cryptophaga lurida, Meyr., Proc. Roy. Soc., 8.A., 1890, p. 37. Both sexes Cryptophaga acroleuca, Turner, Annals’'Queensland Museum, 1897, p. 8. I am indebted to Mr. Meyrick for this synonymy. CRYPTOPHAGA OPALINA, 2. sp. Antennal pectinations in male extremely short (one-half), cilia in tufts from pectinations. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings separate, but closely approximated at base. Male, 29 mm. Head white. Palpi white; base of second joint fuscous externally. Antenne. dark-fuscous, with a few scattered whitish scales ; basal joint white. Thorax white, with a few scattered dark-fuscous scales in patagia, and a large pos- terior dark-fuscous spot with purple reflections. Abdomen whitish ; bases of segments partly ochreous-brown. Legs white ; anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi dark-fuscous, annulated with white. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin scarcely oblique, rounded beneath ; white ; a moderately broad fascia from costa near base, narrowing to inner-margin at one-fourth, produced along costa to base, near costa grey, thence dark-fuscous with purple reflections ; an in- complete interrupted line posterior and parallel to this, dark- fuscous with purple reflections ; a large fascia from costa before middle, much dilated in disc and on inner-margin, on costa and on posterior margin grey, the remainder a medley of dark- fuscous with purple reflections, ochreous-brown, and white scales ; a broad grey line parallel to hindmargin ; separted by a fine white line from a broad grey line on margin ; cilia dark-fuscous, with a narrow basal white line, at anal angle wholly white. Hindwings grey; towards inner-margin whitish; cilia white, with a basal grey line along anterior half of hindmargin and around apex. A very distinct and highly beautiful species. The extremely short antennal pectinations render it difficult to distinguish from Lichenaula. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen at light in November. XYLORYCTA ASSIMILIS, %. Sp. Female, 26 mm. Head white, side tufts and face ochreous” tinged. Palpi whitish ochreous ; second joint with a few dark- fuscous scales; terminal joint whitish. Antenne whitish- ochreous, annulated with dark-fuscous; base of first joint dark -fuscous on upper surface. Thorax white, anteriorly 8 ochreous tinged. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs ochreous ; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin straight, oblique ; snow-white ; costal edge pale-ochreous throughout; a faint ochreous suffusion at anal angle; cilia wholly pale-ochreous. Hindwings whitish-ochreous ; apical portion of disc greyish- tinged ; cilia pale-ochreous. This resembles and might be mistaken for Meodrepta (Xylorycta) luteotactella, Walk., but may be at once distin- guished by the neuration, vein 8 of forewings running to costa, . and not to hindmargin, as in that species. It also differs in the absence of orange coloration of face and palpi, and in the ochreous hindwings. Sydney, New South Wales; one specimen taken in October by Mr. G, Lyell. The type is in his collection. XYLORYCTA ACROCHROA, 7. sp. Female, 20 mm. Head and thorax snow-white. Palpi white. Antenne whitish-ochreous ; basal joint white. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish-ochreous ; posterior tibiz and tarsi white. Fore- wings elongate-oblong, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin straight, oblique; snow-white ; a narrow ochreous streak along costa from before middle to three-fourths, slightly broader towards apex, where it ends in a short, very oblique fuscous streak ; a small triangular orange-ochreous spot on costa just before apex, bounded beneath by a fuscous line ; cilia snow- white, at apex tipped with fuscous, and with a dark-fuscous bar at one-third. Hindwings whitish grey ; cilia white. Conspicuously distinct among the species with white forewings by the apical markings. . Mount Tambourine (1,80 feet), Queensland ; one specimen in November. ZAUUCLOPHORA, n. g: Head smooth. Tongue moderate. Antenne moderate, in male shortly bipectinated throughout, basal joint moderate with- out pecten. Labial palpi very long, recurved ascending, second: joint much exceeding base of antennz, terminal joint shorter than second, acute. Maxillary palpi very short, appressed to tongue. Thorax smooth. Abdomen moderate. Anterior and middle tibie smooth-scaled, postericr tibie rough-haired. Forewing with vein 2 from two-thirds, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hindmargin, 8 to apex, 11 from middle. Hindwings over 1, veins 3 and 4 short-stalked, 5 parallel, 6 and 7 approximated at base. A development of Lichenwaula, from which it is distinguished by the pectinated antenne of the male. From Cryptophaga it differs in the much longer palpi, more slender abdomen, and smoother anterior and middle tibie. 2 ZAUCLOPHORA PELODES, 7. sp. Male, 23 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-brown. Palpi dark-fuscous ; posterior aspect whitish-ochreous. Antenne dark- fuscous. Abdomen reddish-ochreous ; apices of segments whitish- ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous; first two pairs dark-fuscous anteriorly. Forewings elongate, costa. moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin slightly rounded, oblique ; ochreous-brown, with ill-detined ochreous-whitish markings ; an ochreous-whitish suffusion in disc; an outwardly curved line from costa at two- thirds to anal angle ; two ochreous-whitish spots at and before apex, separated by a fuscous spot; hindmargin and anal angle irrorated by fuscous scales ; cilia ochreous-whitish, irrorated with fuscous. Hindwings fuscous; towards base suffused with ochreous ; cilia whitish-ochreous, with a faint fuscous line at apex and at anal angle. The type is in poor condition, but the species is a very distinct one. Brisbane, Queensland; one specimen received from Mr. H. Tryon. LICHENAULA AMBLYGONA, 7. sp. Female, 28 mm. Vein 7 of forewings to hindmargin. Head white. Palpi white; terminal joint mostly fuscous internally. Thorax fuscous, irrorated with white scales. Abdomen ochreous- fuscous. Legs whitish, irrorated with fuscous, except posterior tibie. Forewings dilated posteriorly, costa strongly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin sinuate; white rather densely irrorated with fuscous; a triangular fuscous suffusion on inner- margin before middle; a short longitudinal suffused mark in disc before middle ; a very distinct outwardly oblique line from costa at two-thirds, angulated in disc, and continued parallel to hindmargin to inner margin at three-fifths; an indistinct suffusion on middle of hindmargin; cilia fuscous, at apex white, at anal angle with white apices. Hindwings pale-grey, towards base whitish ; cilia grey. Distinguished from the other species with an angulated posterior line—Z. oxygona, Luc.; ZL. goniodes, Turn., and L. micradelpha, Turn., by the fuscous thorax. Brisbane, Queensland; one specimen taken by Mr. F. P. Dodd. I am indebted to Lord Walsingham for permission to describe this species, of which the type is now in his collection. LICHENAULA INSCRIPTA, Zurn. Annals Queensiand Mus., 1897, No. 4, 21. Male, 19mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi white, apex of second joint slightly fuscous-tinged. Antenne dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous ; first two rings and apices of segments white ; 10 tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs whitish; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin sinuate, moderately oblique; white; markings fuscous ; costal edge dark-fuscous towards base, thence ochreous- tinged ; a dot on fold at two-fifths; two small dots placed transversely in dise at two-thirds, an outwardly oblique line from costa at two-thirds, narrowing in disc, abruptly bent, and continued suffusedly to anal angle; three dots on apical third of costa ; a suffused hindmarginal line, leaving hind- marginal edge white ; five or six fine blackish lines, parallel to veins, running into hindmargin ; cilia fuscous, darker at apex, witb an indistinct whitish median line. Hindwings grey, towards base and at apex whitish ; cilia whitish, Female, 26 mm. Abdomen wholly whitish. Forewings with angulated line replaced by a broad. fuscous suffusion, prolonged along fold towards base, its posterior edge sharply defined. Differs from LZ. oxygona, Luc., by the ground colour not being greyish, and by the numerous longitudinal blackish lines running into hindmargin; also by the dot on fold. Its place in my tabulation should be altered accordingly. The type was wasted. I have since taken a very perfect male on Mount Tambourine’ (1,800 ft.), Queensland, in November, and have recived a female taken at Brisbane from Mr. H. Tryon. LICHENAULA THOLODES, 2. sp. Female, 18-21 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi purplish-fuscous, irrorated with whitish ; internal surface of palpi mainly whitish. Antenne dark-fuscous. Abdomen grey; tuft whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior femora, and anterior and middle tibie dark- fuscous, irrorated with whitish : anterior tarsi dark-fuscous, with whitish annulations. Forewings oblong, costa moderately arched at base, thence nearly straight, apex rectangular, hindmargin slightly sinuate, scarcely oblique; purplish-fuscous, densely irrorated with whitish, less so along a line from base to anal angle; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with hindmargin sinuate beneath apex ; grey ; cilia pale-grey, with a darker basal line. Allied to LZ. ignota, Turn., from which it differs in the purplish- fuscous colouring and absence of markings. Brisbane, Queensland; two specimens taken at light in January and March. MaroGa myruica, Meyr. Maroga wndosa, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1893, p. 164. I sent a specimen of. Lucas’ species to Mr. Meyrick, who in- forms me that it is identical with his own. 11 EscHATURA LEMURIAS, Meyr. Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1897, p. 382. Pileophora codonoptera, Turner, Annals Queensland Museum, 1897, p. 23. - Mr. Meyrick’s name has a few weeks’ priority. Whether my Phleophora lactea is referable to the same genus must be left undecided until the male is discovered. PROCOMETIS HYLONOMA, Mey. Procometis acompta, Turn. Annals Queensland Museum, No. IV., p. 30, and Procometis heterogama, Lower, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1899, p. 103, are identical with this species. Brisbane, Stradbrooke Island, and Warwick, Queensland ; Broken Hill, New South Wales. Probably, therefore, a species of very wide distribution. Meyrick records it from Sydney and Bathurst, New South Wales; and Kangarco Island, South Australia. AGRIOPHARA NODIGERA, 1. sp. Female, 18 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antennz ochreous- whitish, irrorated with fuscous. Palpi very short, not reaching halfway to base of antennz, terminal joint minute. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous. Legs whitish, sparsely irrorated with fuscous ; tarsi and anterior tibiz annulated with fuscous. Forewings elongate-oval, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; whitish, densely irrorated with dark- fuscous, with roundish raised tufts of blackish scales; three in a line from beneath costa at one-sixth to above inner-margin at one-third; three or four in an oblique line from costa at one- third to above middle of inner-niargin ; just outside this is an ochreous-brown spot in disc before middle ; a more obscure curved line of raised dots from costa at one-half to above and before anal angle ; just beyond this is an ochreous-brown spot in disc at two- thirds ; a very obscure series of dots parallel to hindmargin, not raised ; cilia fuscous, with a few whitish scales, and a darker line at one-third. Hindwings fuscous-grey ; cilia grey, with a darker line at one-third. I do not think it necessary to remove this species from Agriophara, with which it agrees in neuration, but the peculiar palpi constitute a new section of this genus. The markings are obscure, but the raised blackish dots are characteristic. Warwick, Queensland ; one specimen in October. (ECOPHORID A. The genera here treated of belong to the section of the family — without male antennal ciliations, formerly regarded as a separate family, under the name of Depressariadu. 12 PEDOIS, Meyr. (MSS.). Head with appressed scales, side tufts forming a cone-like projection over face. Antenne in male simple, pecten absent. Palpi long, second joint exceeding base of antennz, terminal joint shorter than second, slender, acute. Forewings elongate- oblong, 1 b furcate at base, from junction branching again, lower branch terminating abruptly before reaching margin, 2 and 3 from before anal angle, 6 to apex or costa, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa. Hindwings 1 or slightly over 1, veins 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 parallel. Posterior tibize long-haired. I have representatives of six species, which may be tabulated thus— 1. Vein 6 to costa oe a aa ae sep Vein 6 to apex as 3. 2. Forewings with long streaks parallel to veins ... tripunctella, Walk. Forewings without long streaks parallel to veins cosmopoda, n. sp. 3. Second joint of palpi with a minute posterior tuft before apex neurosticha, Lower Second joint of palpi without a minute ‘posterior tuft before apex 5 ; ” slp 4, 4. Hindwings yellow _... af aie ... eurnorpha, Meyr. Hindwings not yellow ; ee ote 5. 5. Forewings orange-ochreous _... Ae oe humerana, Walk. Forewings reddish ... sit site .. Thodomita, n. sp. PEDOIS HUMERANA, Walk. Armidale (3,500 ft.) and Tenterfield (3,000 ft.), New South Wales, in February. PEDOIS EURNORPHA, Meyr. (MSS.). Armidale (3,500 ft.), New South Wales, in October. PEDOIS NEUROSTICHA, Lower. Proc. Roy,, SO¢.s5:2tel O94, pL 12, Gisborne, Victoria, in January; two specimens received from Dir. 8: Lyell, PEDOIS TRIPUNCTELLA, Walk. Brisbane, Queensland, in August and September. PEDOIS COSMOPODA, %. sp. Male and female, 16-18 mm. Head and thorax grey, irrorated with whitish-grey ; face whitish. Palpi whitish; second joint with a dark-fuscous subapical ring, and dark- fuscous basal and medium bars on external surface ; ; terminal joint dark-fuscous anteriorly, posteriorly pinkish-tinged. Antenne whitish, pinkish- tinged, annulated with dark-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish ; anterior and middle tibie pinkish, annulated with dark-fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa strongly arched ' =-_ ae 13 at base, thence straight, apex rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; whitish-grey irrorated with dark-fuscous ; costal edge pink from base to apex; the irroration is particularly dense along inner-marginal portion of disc, and in posterior portion of _ disc shows a tendency to form short streaks parallel to veins ; cilia whitish, faintly pinkish-tinged, with traces of a medium fuscous line. Hindwings grey, paler towards base ; cilia grey. Closely allied to P. tripunctella, Walk, from which it differs in the absence of long discal streaks and the well-marked pink colour of costa and legs. Sandgate and Wynum, near Brisbane, Queensland ; four specimens in August. PEDOIS RHODOMITA, 7. sp. Male, 19 mm. Head whitish, suffused with vinous-red. Palpi whitish; second joint externally suffused with dark-fuscous ; terminal joint reddish-tinged ; anterior and internal surface dark- fuscous, except at base and apex. Antenne reddish, with fine blackish annulations, beneath whitish. Thorax whitish-ochreous, reddish-tinged. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior pair reddish-tinged. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa strongly arched at base, thence nearly straight, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; whitish, irrorated with reddish scales, which form numerous confused longitudinal streaks, a reddish-fuscous dot in dise before middle, a second beyond middle, and a third on fold beneath first; a series of reddish-fuscous dots on apical third of costa and hindmargin ; cilia reddish. Hindwings grey, cilia whitish. Allied to P. newrosticha, Lower; very distinct by the reddish colouring. Mt. Tambourine, Queensland ; one specimen taken in January by Mr. C. J. Wild. PERITORNENTA, Meyr. (MSS.). Head with appressed scales. Palpi long, second joint much exceeding base of antennz, terminal joint shorter than second, rather stout, acute. Antenne as long, or nearly as long, as forewings ; in male simple, pecten absent. Forewings oblong, with much-rounded apex ; | b furcate at base, 2 from close before angle, 6 and 7 stalked, 7 to apex. Hindwings 1, veins 3 and 4 stalked, 7 widely separate from 6 at base, somewhat approxi- mated in disc, then slightly diverging. I have three species referable here— 1. Hindwings ochreous ... wi + .. cerculatella, Walk.. Hindwings not ochreous 2. 2. Forewings with a series of blackish dots from base to costa at beyond middle .. .. stigmatias, n. sp. | Forewings without a series of blackish dots from base to costa at beyond middle Pee ... thyellia, Meyr. 14 PERITORNENTA CIRCULATELLA, Walk. Brisbane, Queensland, in October. PERITORNENTA THYELLIA, Meyr. (MSS.). Brisbane, Queensland. PERITURNENTA STIGMATIAS, 1. Sp. Male, 17-19 mm. Head and thorax pale-fuscous ; face whitish. Palpi whitish ; terminal joint pale-fuscous, except on internal surface. Antennze whitish. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior tibiz and tarsi pale-fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa strongly arched at base, thence nearly straight, apex obtusely rounded, hindmargin rounded, scarcely oblique ; pale-fuscous, with numerous dark-fuscous dots arranged in rows on veins; a line of dots from base to costa beyond middle ; a second row from base to inner-margin beyond middle ; eight rows in posterior portion of disc; cilia whitish. Hindwings grey, towards base whitish ; cilia whitish. Brisbane and Mt. Tambourine, Queensland ; two specimens in November and January. SCORPIOPSIS SUPERBA, Zurn. Proc. Roy. Soc., 8.A., 1894, p. 133. I have seen a second specimen of this species taken by Mr. C. J. Wild on Mount Tambourine, Queensland, in February, and now in the Queensland Museum. PLUTELLIDA. EN@MIA DIVES, Walk. Lactura dives, Walk., Bomb, 486. Calligenia pilcheri, Lueas, Proc: Linn. ‘Soc: NiSiW51891, p. 279: Rockhampton, Bundaberg, and Brisbane, Queensland. EN#MIA MIXOLEUCA, 7. sp. Female, 18-19 mm. Head white. Palpi dark-fuscous; ter- minal joint white. Antenne grey; towards apex whitish-grey. Thorax dark-fuscous ; apex of patagia and a large posterior spot white. Abdomen reddish-orange, beneath whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior pair dark-fuscous ; posterior tibize reddish-orange. Fore- wings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; white ; markings dark- fuscous; a broad streak along costa from base to one-fifth; a fascia from middle of costa, much widened in dise and on inner- margin, where it extends from one-fourth to three-fourths, and includes a sinuate white bar, widest on margin, followed by a variably developed white dot ; anterior edge of fascia strongly sinuate, and connected with costa streak ; a second fascia from , | ‘ 2 ; 5 15 costa before apex to anal angle, moderately broad, inwardly. curved, and enclosing a small white dot in disc; three dots on hindmargin beneath apex, tending to coalesce, and to be con- nected with second fascia ; cilia white, on markings dark-fuscous. Hindwings reddish-orange, with an apical fuscous blotch ; cilia on apical portion fuscous, with a darker line at one-third, towards anal angle reddish-orange. Gympie, Queensland; three specimens taken by Mr. R. Tllidge. CALLITHAUMA, x. g. Head with appressed scales, slightly projecting anteriorly. Palpi long; second joint exceeding base of antenne, smooth scaled, somewhat thickened towards apex ; terminal joint much shorter than second, slender, acute. Antenne in male simple, pecten absent. Thorax smooth. forewings rather narrow, 1 b furcate at base, 2 from four-fifths, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex. Hindwings under 1, cilia two-thirds, veins 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 parallel. Posterior tibize smooth-scaled. Male genitalia provided with a pair of long curved processes, arising from inferior surface and projecting upwards. CALLITHAUMA BASILICA, 7. sp. Male and Female, 12-13 mm. Head yellow, mixed with reddish on crown. Palpi orange; terminal joint whitish, with a broad subapical dark-fuscous ring. Antenne whitish, annulated with blackish; base of first joint reddish. Thorax reddish, mixed with pale yellow. Abdomengrey. Legs whitish ; anterior tibiz reddish. Forewings narrow elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; bright-red, mixed with purple-fuscous, markings clear yellow, edges of markings mostly clear red; an oblique bar from base of costa; a moderate fascia from costa at one-fourth to inner margin before middle, broadest on costa, somewhat curved in disc ; a dot on inner-margin beyond middle, a second dot in disc external to this—these show a variable tendency to connec- tion with a narrow fuscous-edged fascia from costa beyond middle to anal angle; a triangular spot on costa at four-fifths ; cilia yellow, at anal angle mixed with red. Hindwings whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Toowoomba and Killarney, Queensland; five specimens in September and October. PSEUDOTORTRIX, x. ¢. Head with appressed scales, side tufts rather small. Palpi short, recurved, not reaching base of antennze; second joint stout, with appressed scales; terminal joint very short, rather 16 stout, pointed. Antenne short (half), in male with short cilia- tions (half), pecten absent. Thorax smooth. Abdomen stout. Forewings posteriorly dilated, apex rectangular, hindmargin not oblique ; vein 1 b furcate at base, 2 from near angle of cell, 7 and 8 stalked, 8 to hindmargin, 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind- wings over 1; vein 2 from angle of cell, 6 and 7 stalked. Posterior tibize smooth-scaled. I am indebted to Mr. Meyrick for indicating the correct posi- tion of the following species, which superficially has a close resemblance to some of the Tortricide. PSEUDOTORTRIX ACOSMA, 1”. sp. Male and female, 16-17 mm. Head and thorax brownish- fuscous. Palpi brownish-fuscous, internal surface of second joint white. Antennz whitish-ochreous, sometimes fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous or brownish-fuscous. Legs whitish. Forewings posteriorly strongly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rectangular, hindmargin very slightly sinuate, rounded beneath, not oblique ; brownish-fuscous, posterior portion of disc sometimes suffused with brownish-ochreotis; sometimes a small fuscous erect line on inner-margin at one-fifth ; a very irregularly angled fuscous line from costa before middle to inner-margin beyond middle ; a fuscous dot in disc at two-thirds ; followed by two oblique fuscous lines from costa at three-fifths and four-fifths towards, but not reaching, anal angle and hindmargin respec- tively—all these markings may be obsolete ; sometimes a dark - fuscous line close to upper three-fourths of hindmargin ; cilia dark-fuscous, at’ anal angle paler. Hindwings fuscous-grey ; cilia grey, towards apex with a darker line at one-third. Brisbane, Queensland ; from January to May six specimens. I have also a female specimen measuring 20 mm., with forewings suffused with pale-ochreous and without markings, taken near the Jenolan Caves, New South Wales, which may belong to the same specics. TIN EID/AG. NEMOPHORA, Hiibner. This genus has not hitherto been recorded outside Europe, and TI was in some doubt as to whether the first species here recorded should be referred to it, asin my solitary specimen the face is damaged and palpi broken. In a second closely allied species received from Mr. G. Lyell these parts are perfect. NEMOPHORA LEPTOSTICTA, 7”. Sp. Male, 13 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale-grey. Antenne over three, white. Legs whitish. Forewings pos- teriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, 17 hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; white, with numerous pale- grey dots tending to form interrupted transverse strigule ; cilia white. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia white. Ballandean (2,500 ft.), Queensland ; one specimen in February, NEMOPHORA IOLAMPRA, 2. sp. Female, 16 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antennz fuscous. Antenn over two. Abdomen grey. Legs pale-fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings narrow-elongate, not dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded; pale-grey, with violet reflections; irrorated with fuscous scales, which tend to form transverse strigule ; cilia whitish-grey. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey. Gisborne, Victoria ; one specimen taken by Mr. G. Lyell in May. ZONOPS, n. g. Head and face densely rough-haired. Eyes in male divided by a horizontal ridge of scales into upper and lower segments ; lower segments greatly enlarged, closely approximated beneath. Tongue short. Antenne very long in both sexes, about twice forewings, in male filiform, simple, basal joint with pecten present. Labial palpi moderate, second joint slender, with appressed scales; terminal joint about one-half second, slender, acute. Maxillary palpi absent. Posterior tibiz rough-haired. Forewings with vein 1 furcate, 2 from near angle, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 11 from before middle. Hindwings over 1, veins 3 and 4 connate, 5, 6, and 7 equidistant, parallel. The structure of the eyes in the male is very remarkable. The horizontal ridge of scales apparently serves to divide the field of vision of each eye into an upper and a lower part. ZONOPS HETEROLEUCA, 1. sp. Male and female, 15-16 mm. Head, face, palpi, and antennie dark-fuscous ; fillet and bases of antenne whitish in female. Thorax dark-fuscous, patagia pale-fuscous; in female wholly pale-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous; tuft in male white. Legs dark- fuscous, annulated with whitish ; posterior pair whitish-fuscous. Forewings narrow-elongate, costa slightly arched, apex round. pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; dark-fuscous, with a suffused whitish-grey line along fold, replaced in female by an oblong spot occupying basal two-fifths of inner-margin ; a snow- white blotch on costa from three-fourths to apex, containing a few dark scales, its anterior angle connected with a small white spot in disc; in female the apical blotch is prolonged anterior beneath costa as far as disc at one-third; cilia whitish, mixed with pale-fuscous, with a dark-fuscous line at one-third. Hind- B 18 wings two, sinuate beneath apex ; dark-fuscous, in female grey ; cilia grey, with a dark-fuscous line at one-third. Brisbane, Queensland ; two specimens. XYSMATODONA POLYMERES, %. sp. Male, 16 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi dark fuscous. Antenne dark-fuscous; basal joint ochreous-whitish. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen grey; tuft ochreous - whitish. Legs whitish; antorior pair dark-fuscous, with obscure whitish annula- tions. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded; vein 7 absent ; white ; markings dark-fuscous ; a narrow basal fascia prolonged along costa to one-sixth ; an erect spot on inner-margin at one fourth ; a moderately broad fascia from costa at one-fourth to before middle of inner-margin, its anterior edge very irregular, deeply excavated in middle; a rather large triangular spot on costa beyond middle, its lower angle nearly meeting a narrow erect spot on anal angle; a triangular spot on costa before apex ; several small spots on hindmargin partly confluent; besides these markings there are a few scattered fuscous scales, and the species is probably variable; cilia whitish, faintly ochreous- tinged, on spots bases are fuscous. Hindwings very pale- whitish-grey ; cilia whitish. It appears to resemble X. hamalitha, Meyr., but may be dis- tinguished by the wholly pale hindwings. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in July. XYSMATODONA LENCERES, 7. sp. Female, 18 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antenne white. Abdomen whitish-grey ; tuft whitish. Legs whitish-grey; pos- terior pair whitish. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex acute, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; 7 and 8 stalked ; white, with scattered whitish-grey scales, tending to form transverse strigule; cilia white. Hindwings very pale- whitish-grey ; cilia white. Closely allied to X. pelochra, Meyr., differing in its white colour. From X. nephelodes, Meyr., it may be distinguished by the neuration. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in October. XYSMATODONA PELOCHRA, Meyr. The female is considerably paler in colour than the male, but otherwise similar. ARDIOSTERES SCOTEINA, 1. sp. Male, 22 mm. Head dark-fuscous. Palpi ochreous, mixed with dark ciliations ; fuscous, except towards base and at apex 19 Antenne dark-fuscous. Thorax with a large posterior crest; dark-fuscous ; apex of patagia and two postero-lateral.spots pale- ochreous. Abdomen dark-fuscous; beneath ochreous; tuft large, ochreous-whitish. Legs dark-fuscous, mixed with ochreous. Forewings moderate, posteriorly somewhat dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; dark-fuscous, with purplish iridescence; some _pale- ochreous scales near base; a pale-ochreous linear mark on costa at two-thirds, with a similar smaller dot beyond it; a whitish erect mark from inner-margin before middle, curving outwardly in dise ; a whitish spot on margin before anal angle; a whitish dot above anal angle, and two or three close to hindmargin above middle ; cilia dark-fuscous, with a whitish spot just below middle of hindmargin. Hindwings and cilia dark-fuscous. Mt. Tambourine (1,800 ft.), Queensland ; one specimen taken by Mr. Illidge in February. CHRYSORYCTIS OCHROXANTHA, %. Sp. Female, 15 mm. Head pale-yellowish. Maxillary paipi dark- fuscous. Labial palpi dark-fuscous; internal surface whitish. Antenne dark fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous, with a small yellowish posterior spot. Abdomen fuscous. Legs pale-ochreous ; anterior and middle tibie and tarsi dark-fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ; pale-yellowish; a well-marked dark- fuscous streak along costa nearly to middle, at base reaching inner-margin ; a pale-iridescent-purple fascia from costa at three- fourths, broadening beneath, bounded anteriorly by a fine fuscous, nearly straight line to inner-margin at two-thirds, pos- teriorly ill-defined, and reaching to lower part of hindmargin ; included in middle of fascia is a small oval yellowish spot, placed transversely, and edged by fuscous scales; a short broad dark- fuscous streak beneath apex, extending through cilia ; some ill- defined hindmarginal fuscous dots above and below streak ; cilia whitish, beneath apex and at anal angle dark-fuscous. Hind- wings dark-grey, with bronzy reflections ; cilia grey. Distinguished by the pale colouring, large apical area not occupied by purplish band, and dark subapical streak. Brisbane, Qneensland ; one specimen in April. GRACILARIA PARALLELA, 7’urn.* Brisbane, from July to November; attached to Acacia Cunninghami and Acacia aulacocarpa. GRACILARIA LACINIELLA, Meyr. Very common in Brisbane from August to October, but * In the description of this species, for ‘* alternating” read ‘‘ attenuating.” 20 smaller in size than specimens from Sydney. The larve are tapering posteriorly, of a pale-yellowish-green, and nine roundish blotches in the leaves of Hucalyptus piperita (1) and Hucalyptus eugenioides, on which they are sometimes very abundant. GRACILARIA TRISTAINE, Zurn. T have bred this species also from Hugenia ventenati. Like the preceding, the antennz are porrected in repose. Brisbane, from September to December. GRACILARIA OPHIODES, 7’urn. I took four specimens, all larger and finer than the type, on a fence in Warwick, Queensland, in October. GRACILARIA POLYPLACA, Lower. Male and female, 10-12 mm. Differs from G. zda, Meyr., as follows :—-Thorax crimson, with two whitish spots posteriorly, anterior portion wholly crimson, (In G. ida, thorax is whitish, with median and lateral reddish lines.) Forewings clear crimson, never suffused with grey ; two basal dorsal spots widely separate (in G. ida these are usually, if not always, confluent); first costal streak absent, replaced by two discal spots; fourth and fifth costal streaks not touching, but separated by a band of ground. colour ; black margins of fifth, sixth, and seventh costal streaks not reaching to costal edge. Closely allied to Gracilaria ida, Meyr., the description of which includes both species, but certainly distinct; formerly described by myself as var. rosea. From Gracilaria formosa, Stt., as defined by Meyrick, it may be distinguished by absence of pale-yellowish suffusion along costa, absence of spot on fold, and by most of the other points mentioned above. Brisbane, Queensland; taken abundantly from August to October, and again in April, attached to 7'ristania conferta and Tristania suaveolens. G.ida I have always found attached to Eucalyptus piperita (2), G. formosa to Hugenia ventenatie. GRACILARIA ALBICINCTA, 7. sp. Male, 84 mm. Head and thorax pale-ochreous-brown. Maxil- lary palpi ochreous-whitish. Labial palpi ochreous-whitish ; second joint with an apical, termina: joint with a median and subapical dark-fuscous ring. Antenne longer than forewings, ochreous - whitish, annulated with dark-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous; beneath whitish. Legs whitish; apices of tarsal joints fuscous ; anterior and middle femora and tibie and basal half of posterior femora dark-fuscous, mixed with brownish ;. middle tibiee much thickened with scales. Forewings reddish ochreous-fuscous, with scattered dark-fuscous scales; an out 21 wardly oblique whitish fascia. before middle, edges parallel, well defined, with dark-fuscous scales; some half-dozen dark-fuscous dots in fascia; basal part of disc darker coloured than beyond fascia ; cilia dark-fuscous, with a whitish subapical line, at anal angle whitish. Hindwings and cilia dark-grey. Nearest G. xylophanes, Turn., but very distinct by the oblique whitish fascia. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in September. GRACILARIA LEPTALEA, 7. Sp. Male and female, 6-7 mm. Head and thorax whitish. Palpi white ; second joint with an apical, terminal joint with a median dark-fuscous ring. Antenne dark-grey. Abdomen dark-grey. Legs whitish ; apex of tarsal joints fuscous; anterior tibiz and first tarsal joints, outer aspect of distal portion of middle and posterior tibiz dark-fuscous. Forewings ochreous-fuscous; a white line along inner-margin, somewhat dilated at anal angle, much obscured by dark-fuscous scales, especially from one-fourth to middle; a fine line from costa at one-fourth, running closely beneath costa to three-fourths, there bent obliquely across disc to anal angle; its lower margin suffused with dark-fuscous, oblique portion edged on both sides with dark-fuscous ; middle third of costal edge narrowly white; an oblique white streak from costa before apex towards middle of hindmargin; cilia white, with a median and apical dark-fuscous line, on anal angle grey. Hindwings and cilia grey. A minute species, very distinct from any other I have seen. It cannot be G. albomarginata, Stt., which is a larger insect without oblique fasciz. Brisbane, Queensland ; six specimens on a fence in August and September, almost certainly derived from Acacia Cunninghamir. ORNIX TRIGONOPHORA, %. sp. Male and female, 10-11 mm. Head and palpi white. Antenne grey. Thorax white, sides fuscous-grey. Abdomen grey, tuft white. Legs white, annulated with grey ; anterior pair grey. Forewings narrow-elongate; fuscous-grey, markings white: a broad line along inner-margin, its posterior half containing several streaks of ground-colour; three short oblique lines from costa at two-fifths, three-fifths, and four-fifths ; a straight fuscous line, with leaden metallic lustre from costa before apex to anal angle; a dark-fuscous line around margin at apex, enclosing with the preceding a triangular white area, within which is a greyish-ochreous blotch, containing a central blackish spot ; cilia white, at apex with apices dark-fuscous, at anal angle grey. Hindwings and cilia grey. 22 Mt. Tambourine, Queensland ; a-dozen specimens taken at one spot in November. ORNIX ACROBAPHES, 1. sp. Male, 11 mm. Head and palpi white. Antenne grey, Thorax grey (?). Abdomen grey, tuft white. Legs white, annulated with fuscous ; anterior pair mostly fuscous. Forewings narrow-elongate ; grey, markings white, a broad streak along inner-margin, several very short streaks from costa; ante-apical portion of disc mostly white, containing two short parallel longi- tudinal dark-fuscous streaks ; apical portion white, enclosed in a triangular fuscous line, and containing a grey blotch, with central dark-fuscous spot ; cilia white, at apex with apices dark- fuscous, at anal angle grey. Hindwings grey, apical half intense black, the boundary line is irregular ; cilia grey. ° Closely allied to the preceding, but at once distinguished by the blackish hindwings. The type is not in perfect condition. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in January. LEIOPRORA, x. 9. Head smooth. Tongue short. Antenne considerably over one, in male simple, basal joint dilated and concave beneath to form eyecap. Labial palpi short, filiform, drooping, pointed. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Posterior tibiz with short stiff hairs on upper surface. Forewings with 1 b furcate at base, transverse vein rudimentary, 3 and 4 absent, 6, 7, and 9 stalked, 7 to costa, 8 absent. Hindwings linear, cell open, 3, 4, 5, and 6 absent. Allied to Lyonetia, Hb., and Phyllocnistis, Zel. Distinguish- able from the former by the smooth head, and from the latter by the long antenne, also by the neuration. LEIOPRORA ASCEPTA, 7. Sp. Male and female, 5-7 mm. MHead ochreous-fuscous, face and palpi white. Antenne greyish, basal joint whitish. Thorax ochreous-fuscous. ‘ Abdomen grey. Legs whitish, anterior tibiz and tarsi fuscous. , Forewings narrow-elongate ; ochreous-fuscous, with golden reflections ; an indistinct fuscous suffusion on base of inner-margin, and another on costa before middle ; a suffused fuscous line from inner-margin at two-thirds obliquely through disc to apex; cilia whitish, apices fuscous, at anal angle grey, with a blackish apical dot, edged towards costa with a few golden- metallic scales. Hindwings and cilia grey. Brisbane, Queensland ; taken rather commonly on fences from June to September. _ 23 OPOSTEGA NUBIFERA, 7. sp. Male, 8 mm. Head and palpi white. Antenne greyish ; _ basal joint white. Thorax white. Abdomen dark-grey. Legs whitish; anterior pair grey. Forewings elongate; white ; markings suffused greyish; two rather broadly suffused acutely angulated fasciz, first before middle, second beyond middle, in- terrupted in disc; a rather broad grey line around apex and hindmargin ; cilia grey-whitish, at apex with basal half white, interrupted by a narrow oblique blackish bar. Hindwings and cilia grey. Resembles O. cha/inias, Meyr., but distinguished by the wholly white head, and the rather broadly suffused markings without golden-fuscous-tinge. Toowoomba, Queensland ; one specimen in September. ELACHISTID A. STATHMOPODA MANNOPHORA, %. sp. Male, 14 mm. MHead dark-fuscous; face white. Palpi, external surface dark-fuscous, internal surface white. Antenne whitish-ochreous. Thorax white, with a moderate posterior dark- fuscous spot. Abdomen grey; edges of segments and tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs pale-ochreous; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings white; a moderate dark-fuscous basal fascia; a moderate fuscous-brown fascia from costa at two-thirds to anal angle; cilia on costa whitish-ochreous, at apex fuscous, thence grey, becoming whitish-ochreous again on inner-margin. Hind- wings grey; cilia grey, towards base of inner-margin whitish- ochreous. Allied to S. pantarches, Meyr., but at once distinguished by the dark-fuscous head. Brisbane, Queensland ; one specimen in November, taken by Mr. H. Tryon. LozosTtoMA ASEMA, 7. sp. Female, 10-11 mm. Head dark-fuscous, narrowly edged pos- teriorly with yellow; face and fillet whitish. Palpi whitis!i. Antenne whitish. Thorax bright-yellow. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish ; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings bright-yellow ; some- times a minute dark-fuscous dot in disc beyond middle; cilia bright yellow. Hindwings and cilia grey. Distinguished by the absence of marking. Brisbane and Mt. Tambourine, Queensland ; four specimens in October and November. 24 NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDSKINS FROM KALGOORLIE, W.A. By Rosert Hatt. [Communicated by Prorgessor E. C. Srir.ine. | [Read April 3, 1900.] Kalgoorlie, Alice Springs, and Derby are approximately 1,000 miles from each other, embracing a triangular-like mass of desert-land, of which the bases are about equal and not unlike. As we have a fairly good record of the birds of Derby and Central Australia, it remains for us to provide a list of what species are known to be associated with the South-West position. To Mr. Lindsay Cameron I am indebted for a nice collection of skins. From his memoranda I gather the country is very desert- like, as far as animal life is concerned. It is, in the main, flat, with low rounded hills every few miles, and is covered with short and dry eucalyptus-scrub some 15 feet high. Occasional Casuarinas are seen, with Salsolaceze interspersed between the gums. lucalypts, perhaps 50 feet high, are represented with their branches meagrely supplied with foliage. There appears to be no surface water away from the mining camps, which use it only when condensed. The numerous lacustrine beds hold water for a short time, and get it only after irregular thunder storms. “At the present time,” Mr. Cameron writes, “the Government of this colony is supplying us from a part some 300 miles distant.” From this information we may gather that water-birds will not. be mentioned in this present list, and that it is a land in which an Eastern man so much misses the organ-pipe strains of the Magpies (Gymnorhine) and the piping notes of the Magpie Lark (Grallina ). To deepen the interest, I supply some few field notes of per- sonal observation upon Eastern specimens of the same species. Those to which the asterisk is added have received notice by the Sir Thomas Elder Expedition, when above Kalgoorlie, and as recorded in the Trans. Roy.-Soc., 8.A., XVI., p. 156. Eighteen specimens of ten species are there noted as the total ornitho- logical results of that long journey. The Bower-bird (Chlamy- dodera guttata) appears to have been the most important find, and not before or since recorded as found in W.A. The Cockatoo (Cacatua roseicapilla) was at that time noted as well, this being one of three field observations in the West to date. Recorded now as found in West and South-West Australia is the yellow- PT AP EEK 25 throated Minah (Manorhina flavigula). It has probably made _ its course from the centre of the Eyrean sub-region, where it has long been known to exist. ‘The species received by myself are 33 in number. Mr. Cameron has noted in addition ten species. Of the ten species recorded by the Elder Expedition further North, seven are found near Kalgoorlie township. CERCHNEIS CENCHROIDES, Vig. and Hors. Tinnunculus cenchroides, V. and H.; id., Gould, Bds, Austr., fol. vol. L., pl. 13. Cerchneis cenchroides, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., I., p. 431; Hall, “‘ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 3. Adult. skin (unsexed), December, 1898. Bars on tail feathers almost obsolete. Both sexes take part in incubation, the male sitting in the hollow of another tree during the night and reliev- ing its mate in the task of incubation during the day. The young when ready to fly are without the yellow cere. HIERACIDEA ORIENTALIS, Schlegel. HMieracidea berigora, Gould., Bds. Austr., fol. vol. I., pl. 11. Hieracidea orientalis, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. I., p. 422; Hall, ‘“‘ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 3. One juvenile skin received. PACHYCEPHALA GILBERTI, Gould. Pachycephala gilberti, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. II., pl. 71; Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. VIII., p. 210; Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 34. a. Skin, male, 16/10/98. This specimen does not show a black pectoral collar. b. Skin, immature male, 26/9/99. Upper surface with a slight disposition to ashen grey on crown and back, throat and abdomen greyish-white, chest and breast grey, lores grey, wings greyish, tips of primaries being brown; tail grey, upper-tail coverts clear grey, under wing coverts sandy buff. Length of wing, 3°75 ins.; tail 3:5 ins.” On September Ist a nest was found containing four eggs, three being the hitherto recorded number to a clutch. The nest was composed of small sticks and bark, the measurements being— Exterior diameter, 6 ins.; depth of cavity, 4 ins.; total depth, 6 ins.; depth of cavity, 2 ins. Height of uest from ground, 5 feet. ACANTHIZA APICALIS, Gould. Acanthiza apicalis, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. III., pl. 57 ; Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., VIL. p. 296; Hall, ‘‘ Key to the birds of Austr.,” p. 25. Skin, adult male, 14/8/98. It'is a plentiful bird here. 26 SERICORNIS BRUNNEA, Gould. Pyrrholemus brunnea, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IIT., pl. 68- Sericornis brunnea, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., VIT., p. 302 ; id., Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 26. Skin, adult male, 12/3/’99. Loc.—Golden Ridge. Micrmca ASSIMILIS, Gould. Micreca assimilis, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. IV., p. 124; Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 13. Adult skin (unsexed), 16/10/’98. PoMATORHINUS SUPERCILIOSUS, Vig. and Hors. Pomatorhinus superciliosus, Gould, Bds. Aust., fol. vol. TV. pl. 22; Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. VII., p. 419; Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 29. a, 6. Male and female, 19/3/’99. ec, d. Immature skins, 17/1/’99, 19/3/’99. XEROPHILA, sp. The one skin received does not agree with any of the known species as described. -X. leucopsis is the only species of the genus in Western Australia, and with that it has very little agreement. A provisional description was given by the writer in the “ Vic- torian Naturalist,” X VI., No. 2. CINCLOSOMA CASTANONOTUM,* Gould. Cinclosoma castanonotus, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., pl. 95. Cinclosoma castanonotum, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., VIT., p. 333; Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Aust.,” p. 27. Adult skin, male, 2/12/98. The back and rump feathers are dull chestnut, compared with the rich chestnut of the Eastern birds in my cabinet. | CLIMACTERIS RUFA, Gould. Climuacteris rufa, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. [V., pl. 94; Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., VIIT., p. 335; Hall, ‘‘ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 35. Adult skin, male, 24/7/98. The common tree-creeper of this district. CLIMACTERIS SUPERCILIOSA, Vorth. Climactzris swperciliosa, North, “ Horn Exp. Cent. Aust.,” Zool., plate ; Hall, ‘* Vic. Nat.,” vol. XVI, No, 11; 2d., “Key tom the Birds of Austr.,” p 39. a. Skin, male, 30/10/98. 6. Skin, female, 24/11/’98. I am in receipt of askin from Nannine, N.W.A., and dated 30/7/99. It is probably a female, and shows the two central 27 tail feathers to be brown rather than grey, the colour of the upper tail coverts. PETR@CA BICOLOR, Vig. and Hors. Petroica bicolor, Gould., Bds. Austr., fol. vol. ITI., pl. 7. Petreca bicolor, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. [V., p. 173; Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 14. Adult skin (not sexed), 11/12/’98. The habits of this bird are very different to those of the other members of this family, and one would scarcely know it to belong to the Robins. It pipes its trilling notes from early to late, and when other Robins are in the shade, this is most actively chasing and capturing grasshoppers. It freely associates with other birds (as the Artamide). Amongst birds in general, there appears to be security in numbers. PETRECA GOODENOVII, Vig. and Hors. Petroica goodenovi, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IIT., pl. 5. Petreeca goodenovii, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Birds, vol. IV., p- 171; Hall, ‘Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 13. a. Adult skin, male, 20/1/99. c. Skin, juv. male, Dec., 1898. 6. Immature skin. d. Skin, juv. female, Dec., 1898. (a). It is blacker on the throat and duller on the breast than the Eastern skins in my collection. The forehead ‘ reds” bear the same relation to the breast “reds” in each. (6). It has the basal frontal mark duller than in (a) and much less of it. The breast red is dull, throat brownish-black. (c). It has only a trace of red on the forehead and pectoral regions ; throat, crown, and nape greyish-brown. (d). It has a faint trace of red on the forehead, none on the breast. The plumage of what are called the Red Robins is quite im- perfect at the close of 12 months, yet in this phase they nest and rear a family. Immature birds in Victoria have nested in August of different years. Matured birds will breed twice in a season with two to three eggs laid on successive days. Incubation lasts 14 days, during which the disturbed bird will often feign injury when you approach the nest. Mr. J. A. Hill, of Kewell, in a letter to me gives the time between the starting of nest- building to laying of first egg as ten days. On February 15, 1899, I secured a young male skin in Victoria showing the . change from the brown plumage to the showy one. The tawny feathers of the forehead had mostly given way for the brilliant reds; one patch of brownish feathers remained on the chest, _ while all the others either had “burst their buds” or were doing so into bright-red. Excepting the middle feathers, all the others of the tail were short and irreguiarly graduated. The brownish 28 wing primaries were giving way to the black quills in order from the first ; the earthy plumes of the remaining parts of the body were making place for the blacks; abdomen and lower tail coverts were already white. Gould proved P. leggiit to moult its “reds” annually. A new supply shows out almost patch for patch in P. phenicea in February (skins, 26/1/1990, described Roy. Soc. of Vic.). The song of this species is clear and strong, like P. leggii, but is much sweeter and of a different setting. ARTAMUS PERSONATUS, Gould. Artamus personatus, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. II., pl. 31; Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat., Bds., vol. XIII., p. 16; Hall, cc Key to the Birds of Austr.” p. 48, Immature skin, female, 24/11/’98. The mask is not so well defined as in adult skins, ‘and the outer borders of the primaries are edged with light-brown. This species, like Corvus coronoides, places outposts as an act of prevention when bellicose birds are in the neighbourhood. They change their sentinels irregularly, but are always sure to have some three to four birds perched on an elevated position watching the interests of the general body of feeders below. Others fly up at intervals to take up the duty. If an enemy, say in the shape of a Crow-shrike, appears, the sentinels’ necks croon forward, and discordant calls, louder and in quicker time than is usual, are given. The colony is on the wing at once in readiness for an attack, and they certainly seem to think discretion is the better of valour, for away they go to take up a position elsewhere. A very similar observation has been communicated to me by Mr. Geo. Graham concerning A. swperciliosus. In this case the enemy seemed specially to be the White-backed Crow-shrike (G. lewconota). ARTAMUS SORDIDUS, Latham. Artamus sordidus, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. II., pl. 27; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., vol.. XIIL, p. 19; Hall, ‘‘ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 48. a. Skin, female, 14/8/98. No white in third primary—indi- cates not quite mature. Second primary longer than first. 6. Skin, nestling male, 10/12/96. The upper and under surfaces brown, streaked and spotted with dusky white, much stronger on the upper; wings deep slate, second and third primary edged with clear white on the outer webs, coverts wedge- marked with brown at tips; tips of primaries clearly marked by white, also shoulder of wing, both of which entirely disappear in the adult; distal third of rectrices white, bill brown, legs and feet slatey-brown. Length of wing, 3:1 ins.; culmen, 0-4 ins.; tail, 1-5 ins. 29 The following portion of their gregarious habit is specially in- teresting :—ousting for the Night.— Usually in fine weather the sheltered side of a rough shell of an old tree is selected. When cold nights prevail, a stump, so burnt that the upper part forms an inverted funnel, is then chosen. The interest is to watch the shuffling upward movements of the birds as they move towards and enter the hole. While those on the stump are getting safely housed, their numbers are added to by more that are flying about and watching their opportunities. Sometimes the hole is not large enough to hold all; they then cluster in a great bunch (like a bee-swarm when at rest) beneath the dome. Hence the generic name Artamus, and a previous reference under other con- ditions. Should a person pass too near, there is a nerve-startling rush, such as a tree falling close to you would produce, and the process of camping has to be repeated. PARDALOTUS ORNATUS, Z'emm. Pardalotus striatus, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. I1., pl. 38. Pardalotus ornatus, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. X., p. 55; Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 46. a, 6. Skins, adult male and female, 4/9/98. CoLLYRIOCINCLA RUFIVENTRIS, Gould. Oollyriocincla rufiventris, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IT., pl. 75; Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. III., p. 292; Hall, “ Key to the Birds of Austr.,” p. 11. a. Skin, adult female, 14/8/98. 6. Skin, immature female, 4/9/98. (a). General plumage brownish-grey, lores and other parts cor- responding with the tint of brown over most of the grey. Bill black ; length, 0°9 inch. (6). General colour of plumage grey, lores and other parts agreeing, except region of vent and under tail coverts, which correspond with those of a. Bill light-horn, blacker along the culmen ; length, 0°75 inch. The immature female has the eyebrow like its surroundings in colour. TAENIOPYGIA CASTANOTIS, Gould. Amadina castanotis, Gould, Bds. Austr,, fol. vol. IIT., pl. 87. Teniopygia castanotis, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. XITl1., p. 311; Hall, “ Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 50. Skin, male, 20/11/98. Forehead and crown uniform grey ; under portion of tail deep brown. That this species is a ‘‘ host” of the cuckoo, Chalcococcyx basalis, is now placed on record. Mr. Cameron writes—‘‘A colony of the chestnut-eared Finch had its nests sprinkled about, some having 30 eggs, and others vacant. In one of the latter I found the cuckoo’s egg (skin since received). I left it, and several days after (November 19) I visited the nest, and found no other eggs added. The Finches had deserted. In one tree there were as many as 30 nests. In the split spout of a eucalypt the nest is occasionally built.” A favourite situation in the orient is at the base of a Crow or Hawk’s nest, and the Finch and Hawk perch within a foot of each other amicably. One nest had a clutch of nine eggs. Sometimes the rudely-built nests meant for the non- sitting bird will contain eggs. The compactness of the nest will depend on the surroundings and its material. Several nests placed in polygynum were very small and slightly built. It prefers open and dry country, although its presence is indicative of water not being far away. Mr. J. P. Rogers has communi- cated to mea field note of value. Inland from the Fitzroy River two of us had a terrible thirst experience, and,. although we watched a hundred of this bird, we could not find water along the ereek bed. Watching carefully a dozen, we saw them settle in the bowl of the lowest fork of a large mulga, and, following them, we found about two tablespoonfuls of water in it. This is about what is saved from a slight thunderstorm, and we are pleased to acknowledge the service rendered by a species of Finch. EPHTHIANURA TRICOLOR,* Gould. Ephthianura tricolor, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol, yol. Tif., plo6; Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. VII., p. 667; Hall, “ Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 30. Skin, adult male. This Chat appears in great numbers at Kalgoorlie by the end of October, and begins to depart towards the end of December. Further North Z. aurifrons has been noticed (Elder Exp.). OREOICA CRISTATA,* Lewin. Oreoica guttwralis, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. II., pl. 81. Oreoica cristata, Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., VIII., p. 174; Hall, ‘‘ Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 32. a. Skin, juv. male, 13/3/99. Forehead brownish-grey, crest feathers light black and less in number than in the adult; back less ruddy than in adult ; throat fawn-grey, with two whitish feathers on the gorget; one to two blacks showing on breast ; winglet new. b. Skin, adult male. The forehead is black, while the lores are the creamy colour of the throat. The lores of a are brownish, like the forehead, with a flush of grey over them. The call of the young differs from that of the adult, and Mr, Cameron clearly distinguishes it from the call of the Eastern mia I>-rS = 31 bird. The aborigines of W.A. have noted two settled calls. This supports the statement of Dr. Stirling and Mr. Zeitz (Roy. Soc., S.A., XVI., p. 156) that they are the calls of young and old of the same species. A nest with three eggs was hidden in a group of young leaves. CRACTICUS DESTRUCTOR, Z'emm. Cracticus destructor, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IT., pl. 52 ; Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. VIII., p. 100; Hall, “Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 32. By examining a series of skins, I find the most developed male may be recognised by the white throat, grey back, flanks and sides of upper breast greyish-white ; culmen, 1:62 inches. The development is from deep-brown on the dorsal region to black and grey ; from light-brown on the under surface to a nearly clear white under surface in the adult. The brown barring on the young is displaced by the faint blue-grey on the sides of the breast in the adult. a. Skin, juv. male, 11/12/98. The feather-shafts from the forehead to the interscapulum are rufous-brown. 6. Skin, female fledgling, about three days out of nest, 20/11/’97. Head, neck, and back deep-brown ; rump light-brown ; upper tail coverts light-brown, barred with deep-brown ; centres of cheek feathers light-brown ; sides of neck show brown patches; lores brown ; throat, abdomen, and under tail coverts white, tinged with brown ; chest and breast brown and brownish-white, the brown forming blotches and bars; wings deep-brown, secondaries and coverts edged with pale-rufous; tail hrown, tipped with white, tinged with .pale-rufous ; bill brownish-black at the base, brown at the tips; legs slatey-brown. Length of wing, 4:3 ins.; tail, 2°8 ins.; culmen, 0°85.” PTILOTIS ORNATA, Gould. Ptiletis ornata, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., pl. 39; Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. [X., p. 244; Hall, “Key Austr. Bds.,” p. 43. a. Skin, adult female, 4/9/98. Loc.—Golden Ridge. 6. Skin, adult female, 16/10/98. ZLoc.—Kalgoorlie Centre. The two centre tail feathers were very much decomposed. e. Skin, immature, 2/4/99. Zoc.—‘‘ Hannan’s Lake.” General plumage browner than ina or 6. More yellow on wings; breast more heavily blotched with brown; edges of inner webs of primaries edged with fulvous. New tail quills were developing, and the bird was concluding its autumn moult. MANORHINA FLAVIGULA, Gould. Myzantha flavigula, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., p. 79. Manorhina flavigula, Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. [X., p. 261; Hall, “ Key Austr. Bds.,” p. 44. 32 "Skin, adult female, 5/3/99. Length of wing, 47 ins.; tail, 4:5 ins. . This bird was concluding its moult, and the innermost quill was “bursting.” The winglet feathers had their sheaths still attached. The finding of M. flavigula in West or 8.W. Australia is now placed on record, and the law of representation with this genus, as defined by Gould, is a little interfered with. In likely proba- bility it has journeyed from the central portion of the continent. GLYCYPHILA ALBIFRONS, Gouwld. Glycyphila albifrons, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., pl. 29; Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. IX.. p. 211; Hall, “ Key Bds.. Austr.,” p. 39. a. Immature skin, 27/11/’98. ! 6. Immature skin, male, 27/11/98. Forehead black, a few of the lateral feathers feebly tipped with slatey-white ; around eye black, a faint ring of white appearing; crown black; narrow line leaving angle of lower mandible, white ; ear coverts silvery- slate, behind which is an irregular line of white; chin feathers dusky-black, edged with impure white ; primaries and primaries- coverts-margins yellowish-green ; under surface of wing fulvous ; upper tail coverts rufous, central parts black ; abdomen, flanks, and under tail coverts whitish, with centres of feathers narrowly marked with brownish-black ; bill, legs, and feet black. Wing, 3 ins.; tail, 3 ins.; tarsus, 0-8 ins.; culmen, 0°65 ins. ENTOMPHILA LEUCOMELAS, Cuvier. Melicophila picata, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., pl. 49. Entomophila leucomelas, Gadow, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. [X., p. 220; Hall, ‘‘Key Bds. Aust.,” p. 40. Skin, adu!t female, 19/10/’98. CucuLus PALLIDUS, Latham. Curulus inornatus, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., pl. 85. Cuculus pallidus, Shelley, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. XIX., p. 261; Hall, “Key Bds. Austr.” p. 58. Skin, adult male, 4/9/98. The male skins in my cabinet appear to fall into three phases in the development of the plumage :— a. Young, in which white predominates throughout the plumage, the feathers being broadly edged and dentated by the white ; quill tips also white ; the pigment of the plumage beyond the white patches is blackish-brown. Bill nutty-brown ; culmen, 0°65 in. 6. Immature, in which white does not predominate throughout the plumage. The feathers are narrowly edged with white, and 33 feebly dentated by the white; quill tips not edged with white other than the third, and that slightly so. The pigment of the plumage as a whole is dark-brown. Bill blackish; culmen, 0°8 in. ce. Adult, in which there is little white throughout the plumage, the feathers not being edged with white, and some of the quills and rectrices alone dentated with white; plumage generally light-brown. Bill blackish; culmen, 0°85 in., and broader at nostrils than in a or 0. CHALcococcyx BASALIS, Horsf. Chrysococcyx lucidus, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., pl. 89. Chalcococcyx basalis, Shelley, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. XTX., p. 294; Hall, “Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 59. An egg only of this bird was sent to me, but subsequently I was personally able to collect the species just N.E. of Albany. _MisocaLius PALLIOLATUS, Latham. Chalcites osculans, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IV., pl. 88. Misocalius palliolatus, Shelley, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. XIX., p. 279; Hall, ‘‘ Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 59. Skin, adult female, 4/9/’98. HALCYON PYRRHOPYGIUS, Gould. Halcyon pyrrhopygia, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. IL. pl. 22. Halycon pyrrhopygius, Sharpe, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., XVIi., p- 258; Hall, “ Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 57. The adult skin dated December, 1896, has a pale-green head and a clear white nuchal collar. PSEPHOTUS MULTICOLOR, Zemm. Psephotus multicolor, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. V., pl. 35; Salvadori, Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. XX., p. 566; Hall, “Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 67. a. Skin, adult female, 11/12/’98. 6. Skin, adult male, 11/12/’98. c. Skin, adult male, 15/3/’99. a, b, and ¢ indicate three distinct phases of the plumage :— (a) Primaries, secondaries, their coverts, the tail and _ its coverts very much decomposed. (6) Generai plumage above olive, as well as upon the throat and chest; breast light-green; abdomen lemon-green ; shoulder feathers duli-red. (¢) The olive of (6) is bright-green; abdomen orange and yellow; shoulder feathers bright-yellow, illustrating xantho- chroism. Specimen (+) would need to go through another moult to Cc 34 obtain a brighter frontal yellow band, a clearer red upon the shoulders, and more white upon the tail feathers to become fully adult, BARNARDIUS ZONARIUS, Shaw. Platycercus bauri, Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. V., pl. 20. Larnardius zonarivus, Salvad., Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., XX., p. 560; Hall, “‘Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 66. ; Adult skin, 19/2/99. The specimen was concluding a moult, for the last of the yellow feathers of the breast were “ bursting.” All but the outer three quills have a maculated line upon the under surface of the wing. In the South-West this species nips off the blossoms of the eucalypts when they have once been ‘explored for nectar. It is not improbable that this is the means for saving the labour of re-examining a flower. Thousands of blossoms daily fall by this means. MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS, Shaw. Melopsittacus undulatus,{Gould, Bds. Austr., fol. vol. V., pl. 44; Salvad., Brit. Mus. Cat. Bds., vol. XX., p. 594; Hall, “Key Bds. Austr.,” p. 68. Skin, adult male, 16/10/98. The species flocks into the district in July, and pairs in October, as far as noted. The skin received showed an inner quill missing from one wing, 2nd one strangely gcowing from the lower back. It appeared to be identical with the missing one. ‘The not unusual occurrence of a snake entering the nest of a bird occurred under Mr. Cameron’s notice, and the four eggs were eaten by the reptile, after which it slept for several hours in the nest. The following species have been recognised by Mr. Cameron, without the skins being forwarded to the writer :— Uroaétus audax, Latham. Falco melanogenys, Gould. Corone australis, Gould. Graucalus melanops, Latham. Podargus phalenoides, Gould (‘). Eupodotis australis, Gray. Dromeus nove-hollandie, Latham. Cheramcca leucosternum, Gould. Plectrorhynchus lanceolatus,* Gould. Gymnorhina dorsalis, Camp. Rhipidura tricolor. Vieill. * Not yet recorded as a W.A. species. FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Buacksurn, B.A. XXVI. [Read May 1, 1900.] CARABIDX. CLIVINA. C. eyrensis, sp. nov. Minus convexa; sat nitida; brunneo- testaceus ; mandibulis brevibus; clypeo ab “alis” distincto, quam he magis producto, antice fere truncato ad extremi- tates angulato; oculis sat (fere ut C. Boville, Blackb.) convexis ; prothorace quam longiori paullo latiori, fortiter anguste canaliculato, antice leviter angustato, latera versus transversim leviter rugato vix punctulato, foveis posticis fere nullis; elytris sat equaliter sat profunde striatis, striis parum manifeste punctulatis, stria quinta antice cum externis conjuncta; tibiis anticis extus tridentatis. J.ong., 2+ lat., 5% 1. From the characters mentioned above it will be seen that this species falls into the group called by Mr. Sloane (Proc. L.S., N.S.W., 1896, p. 151) the ‘“obliquata group.” Of the species included in that group and known to Mr. Sloane only one species | (C. Riverine) agrees with the present one in being of sub- depressed form, and with its prothorax wider than long; from which the present insect differs notably by enter alza the fifth and sixth elytral striz deeply impressed throughout their whole length (and not, or scarcely, less strongly impressed than the other striz), by the almost complete absence of elongate fovee near the base of the pronotum, and by its more convex eyes. From the species of the obliquata group not known to Mr. Sloane (of all of which the types are in my collection) C. eyrensis differs by its much more convex eyes. S. Australia; near Lyndhurst (Lake Eyre basin), taken by Herr Koch. C. Adelaidaz, Blackb. I take this opportunity of mentioning that this insect appears to me to be the species that Mr. Sloane identifies with C. obliquata, Putz. Mr. Sloane (/.c.) gives his reasons for thinking that obliquata is founded on an insect not oe) 36 very readily recognisable by its author’s description,—reasons that seem to be on the whole conclusive,—and therefore C. Adelaide must be quoted, I think, as a synonym of‘ obliquata. CYLCOTHORAX., C. peryphoides, Blackb. Mr. Sloane in a recent valuable paper (P.L.S., N.S.W., 1839, p. 563) discusses the relation of this insect to his new species C. cordicollis, and mentions my having stated that the latter is distinct from it, proceeding to conjecture the distinctive characters. I fear, from this, that I must have answered his enquiries hurriedly and without giving my reasons for considering the two distinct,—for which if it was so I certainly owe him my apologies,—though it is possible he may have mislaid remarks I may have written on the subject and only remembered that I reported the two species as both valid. In point of fact they are closely allied but (apart from the great difference in the colour of the legs,—a character worthy of note when accompanied by structural divergence) the form of the pro- thorax furnishes a perfectly satisfactory distinction. In cordicollis the lateral margins of that segment (the short sub-basal parallel- sided part being disregarded) diverge for considerably more than half their length so that the greatest width of the segment is in front of the middle even of the part with curved sides, whereas in peryphoides the corresponding part of the lateral margin is an even curve, the greatest width of the prothorax being exactly at the middle of the curve, with the result of a very different facies, —the prothorax looking distinctly more transverse in peryphoides than in cordicollis, although careful measurement shows it to be only very slightly so. The lateral outline of the prothorax of peryphoides, if the short parallel sided basal piece be disregarded, is exactly like the lateral outline of that segment in C. ambiguus, Er. In peryphoides, moreover, the form of the whole insect is wider and less convex,—more robust-looking. LAMELLICORNES. CEPHALODESMIUS. C. miner, sp. nov. Niger, antennis palpisque pallidis; sat opacus ; clypeo brevius 4-dentato, dentibus medianis quam ceteri paullo longioribus ; prothorace transverso, sat crebre minus fortiter punctulato, leviter canaliculato (canali antice obsoleto), ad latera ampliato-depresso, parte ampliata ad medium tuberculo parvo instructa, lateribus paullo ante medium et sat longe pone medium perspicue angulatis (inter angulos fere rectis sed retrorsum leviter convergentibus), angulis anticis sat acutis posticis fere rectis ; elytris sub- sulcatis (ut C. armigeri, Westw., sculpturatis), setis brevibus. crassis ferrugineis sparsim vestitis. 37 Maris pygidio sat convexo, opaco (apice anguste nitido), minus perspicue punctulato, setis ut elytra vestitis ; tibiis posticis manifeste flexuosis. Femine pygidio planato, ut maris sculpturato et vestito, parte postica nitida in medio retrorsum angulatim dilatata ; tibiis posticis haud flexuosis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 31. Closely allied to C. armiger, Westw., but a little smaller, with the clypeal teeth shorter, and having the outline of the prothorax notably different. The lateral margin of that segment runs from the front angle obliquely hindward and outward, then making a well-defined angle runs nearly straight (but slightly inward) nearly to the base where it makes another angle, from which it runs very obliquely to the base. The outline between the front margin and the anterior of the lateral angles is almost strongly (and that between the lateral angles slightly) concave. Of the other described species of Cephalodesmius, Castelnaui, Har., and Macleayi, Har., are described as having nitid levigate aree or tubercles on the disc of the prothorax ; quadridens, Macl., has the front part of the head impunctulate; cornutws, Macl., has the clypeal structure altogether peculiar, and J/aticollis, Pasc. {which is very slightly described) is stated to be much larger than the insect before me (long., 7 1.) with the prothorax wider than the elytra (in the present insect it is by measurement slightly narrower than the elytra), and it is va eas that the prothorax is of the same shape as in armiger. N.S. Wales; Richmond R. (sent by Mr. Lea). C. Bear, Westw. The male of this species has the hind tibize scarcely flexuous and the pygidium very similar to that of C. minor, while the pygidium of the female resembles that of C. minor in having a nitid apical space dilated hindward in the middle,—but the shape of the dilatation is very different in the two species, being in minor a small triangular space in the middle of the narrow nitid edging of the segment, while in armiger the subtriangular nitid space covers the whole apical portion of the segment,—the lines that meet in an angle on the middle line of the segment having their other extremities at the lateral ends of the nitid space,—their angle thus being widely obtuse, while in minor it is acute. : LABROMA. L. horrens, Shp. Mr. Lea has recently sent to me for identi- fication a specimen of this insect. Dr. Sharp (Rev. and Mag. de Zool. 1873, p. 262) in characterising the genus stated that the type had no front tarsi, but that very probably they had been broken off. The example before me has front tarsi very similar o those of Cephalodesmius, to which genus it is very close. 38 PLATYPHYMATIA, S. squalidus, Macl. Among some specimens sent to me by Mr. Cowley which agree very well with Sir W. Macleay’s description of this insect, and which were taken in the same locality as the type, I find a single example, which I take to be the female. It agrees with the male in all respects of sculpture, &c., except in the anterior elevation of its prothorax being much less strong, its pygidium notably less gibbose, and its hind femora unarmed. OCNODUS. O. lepidus, sp, nov. Ferrugineus, clypeo picescenti, antennarum clava dilutiori; nitidus; fortiter punctulatus, elytrorum puncturis quam ceterze manifeste majoribus; clypeo antice subrotundato ; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, antice parum angustato, angulis anticis productis minus acutis posticis obtusis, lateribus leviter rotundatis, basi vix lobata ; elytris obsolete tricostatis, haud setosis ;_ tibiis anticis extus tridentatis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 221. Difters from O. spinicollis, Blackb., and fallax, Blackb., inter alia by the obtuse hind angles of its prothorax, from O. decipiens, Burm., and ferrugineus, Blackb., by the absence of setz on the upper surface, and from dugubris, Blackb., by the very much less close puncturation of its pronotum. The upper margin of the labrum is distant from that of the clypeus (as in O. fallax). The sculpture of the upper surface is in all parts very similar to that of O. fallax. It should be noted in respect of this insect (as I have pointed out in describing other species that I have attributed to Ocnodus) that it is possible it is not really congeneric with O. decipiens, Burm., a species that I have never been able to identify. S. Australia ; basin of Lake Eyre (taken by Herr Koch). HETERONYX. H. unicus, sp. nov. Sat brevis; sat latus; modice convexus ; nitidus; subglaber, lateribus corpore subtus pedibusque sparsimpilosis ; pallide brunneo-testaceus ; capite confertim rugulose, prothorace sparsius sat fortiter, elytris inzequaliter (7.e., puncturis sat grossis et aliis minoribus ineequaliter intermixtis), pygidio vix manifeste, punctulatis; clypeo fortiter reflexo antice late rotundato, sutura clypeali minus distincta ; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori, antice minus angustato, lateribus sat rotundatis pone medium vix subsinuatis, basi media late leviter lobata, angulis anticis parum productis posticis obtusis ; elytris costis sat obsoletis circiter 4 instructis, his quam interspatia magis sparsim punctulatis ; tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis; labro clypeum a ry - a . 39 haud superanti ; antennis 9-articulatis ; coxis posticis quam metasternum multo brevioribus ; unguiculis appendiculatis, parte basali quam apicalis vix longiori. Long., 4} 1.; lat., 91 ] aa i. An extremely distinct species notable for the apical piece of its claws being scarcely shorter than the basal piece, and the peculiar sculpture of its elytra, each of which bears about four longitudinally convex spaces extending from near the base to near the apex. On these convex portions the puncturation of the general surface is partially interrupted resulting in the elytra having a striate appearance which is most unusual in the genus. The punctures of the elytra are for the most part coarse, ~ but with a confused and irregular intermingling of considerably less coarse punctures. In my tabulation of the section of Heteronyx, to which this species belongs (P.L.8S., N.S.W., 1391, pp. 488-9) it falls beside H. Vroggatti, Macl., from which it differs inter alia by the uniformly close rugulosity of its head. S.A.; taken by Herr Koch near Lyndhurst. ANACHEIROTUS (gen. nov. Sericoidarwm ). Mas? Mentum quam latius longius, antice parum emarginatum ; palpi labiales breves, articulo ultimo obconico; palpi maxillares modici, articulo ultimo cylindrico ad apicem truncato, quam penultimus multo longiori ; labrum angustum valde transversum, late leviter arcuatum, vix prominulum, a clypei parte antica (hac fere ut Haplopsis subtus retrorsum obliquum) bene discreta ; oculi magni sat distincte granulati, antice a cantho profunde incisi; antenne (speciei typicz) 9-articulatee, clava 3-articulata articulis preecedentibus 4 con- junctis longitudine sat equali; clypeus supra antice valde reflexus et late emarginatus (nonnihil ut Haplopsis lineoligere, Blanch., mas); prothorax transversus ; elytra elongata nullo modo striata (stria subsuturali excepta) ; tibie anticz extus obtuse leviter tridentate, posticis modice latis (fere ut Haplopsis lineoligere, Blanch.) sed pone medium fortiter transversim carinatis; tarsi breves robusti (quam tibive parum longiores); unguiculi valde bifidi; sterna sat glabra ; cox postice quam metasternum parum breviores. The small ZLamellicorn for which I propose this new generic name is extremely difficult to place, as it combines the characters of very widely different genera. Its short stout tarsi are like those of the genus that I take to be Ocnodus (except in not being clothed beneath with tufts of long hair) from which it differs strongly in most other characters. Its clypeus and mouth organs suggest /Haplopsis,—but there the resemblance ends. Its claws are those of a Heteronyx but its mouth organs and clypeus 40 (especially its extremely narrow,—almost linear,—non-prominent labrum) separate it widely from Heteronyx. In my tabulation of the Australian Sericoid genera (Tr. R.S., 8.A., 1898, pp. 32-4) it must take its place beside Heteronyx,—which is perhaps its most natural position. To include it in the tabulation, the following must be substituted for line 25 on page 34 :— FF. Form notably more convex. G. Labrum largely developed and prominent ... Heteronyz. GG. Labrum extremely narrow and not prominent ... Anacheirotus. A. inornatus, sp. nov. Totus pallide testaceus; supra sparsim breviter pubescens, lateribus longe ciliatis; sat nitidus ; clypeo crebre subtiliter, capite postice fortius minus crebre, prothorace fortiter sparsim, elytris quam prothorax magis crebre paullo minus fortiter, pygidio sparsim minus fortiter, punctulatis ; clypei lateribus ante oculos fortiter angulatis ; pronoto transverso, antice parum angustato, lateribus leviter rotundatis, angulis anticis leviter acutis posticis rotundatis. Long., 2 £1.; lat., 14 1. The clypeal canthus cuts. into the eye to a little in front of its middle, and its lateral margin is strongly angular behind, the apex of the angle projecting a trifle beyond the outline of the eye. S. Australia (Basin of Lake Eyre); taken by Herr Koch, near Farina. ANOPLOGNATHUS. A. concinnus, sp. nov. Mas? Sat brevis; minus convexus ; nitidissimus ; supra glaber, corpore subtus pygidioque sparsissime albido-pilosis; supra brunneo-castaneus plus minusve viridi-micans, corpore subtus obscure viridi vel cyaneo plus minusve violaceo-micanti, metasterno medio (exemplorum 2 visorum) splendide aureo, antennis palpis pedibusque castaneis ; supra sparsim subtiliter punctulatus, elytris puncturis paullo majoribus lineatim leviter impressis, pygidio ad latera paullo magis perspicue punctulato ; clypeo antice sat fortiter elevato-reflexo, rotundato; antennarum clava quam articuli precedentes 5 conjuncti sublongior ; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice modice angustato leviter emarginato, postice fortiter bisinuato (lobo mediano haud emarginato), lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis vix acutis posticis sat abrupte rectis; elytris ad apicem con- junctim late rotundatis; mesosterni processu_ elongato, acuto ; tibiis anticis externe 3-dentatis, dentibus apicalibus 2 approximatis inter se, dente 3° (hoc paullo ante tibiam mediam sito) subobsoleto ; unguibus ad apicem acutis haud fissis. Long., 64 1.; lat., 33 1. This species is the smallest Anoplognathus yet, described, being 41 a little smaller than A. abnormis, Macl., but otherwise does not appear to differ from its typical congeners, either structurally or in facies. In Sir W. Macleay’s grouping of the Anoplognathi (Tr. E.S., N.S.W., IT., pp. 353-4) it should be placed, I think, in the group containing rugosus, Kirby, pectoralis, Burm., and dispar, Macl., from all of which it differs widely inter alia by the subobsolete puncturation of its elytra. N. Queensland; Mr. French. BUPRESTID. STIGMODERA, In the Ann. Soc. Ent., Belg., 1898, there is a lengthy paper by M. Kerremans containing descriptions of a large number of new Buprestidae, chiefly from Australia. Having recently been revising the Stigmodere of my own collection, and of the South Australian Museum, I have taken the opportunity to study M. Kerremans’ late work somewhat closely as far as concerns the genus Stigmodera, and in the following notes I record the result, and add some remarks on certain other Stigmodere, together with the description of some new species. S. triangulosa, Kerr. (l.c.)=terre-regine, Blackb. (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1893, p. 295). It seems to me doubtful whether both these names will not have to be dropped in favor of S. biguttata, Macl. (Trans. Ent. Soc., N.S.W., L., p. 24)—a name that was applied to an insect which (judged by the description) might well be a variety of the species I (and subsequently M. Kerremans) described under the above names. S. campestris, Kerr., nom. preeoce. (Blackb , Tr. Roy. Soc., 8.A., 1897, p. 31) L propose for it the name subgrata. In spite of its being, as M. Kerremans points out, extremely close to S. yrata, Saund., the apical truncature of its elytra inter alia seems incon- sistent with its being a mere variety. S. sensitiva, Kerr. (1.c.)=S. victoriensis, Blackb. (Tr. Roy. 8., $.A., 1890, p. 152). S. laudabilis, Kerr. (l.c.). Judging by the description I should say this insect is §. Skusez, Blackb. (Tr. Roy. 8., 8.A., 1892, p. 46). S. verax, Kerr. (l.c.). This species must be very close to (if not identical with) S. Mastersi, Macl. (Tr. Ent. Soc., N.S.W., IT., p. 245). S. colorata, Kerr, (l.c.), nom. preoce. (Hope, Tr. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1847, p. 283). I propose the name du/eis for this hand- some species, of which there is a fine example in the S.A. Museum. S. acuminata, Kerr. (l.c.). This species seems to be without doubt identical with S. acutipennis, Thoms. 42 S. placens, Kere (/.c.). Evidentiy identical with S. cara, Blackb.. (Tr. Roy. Soce.,5.Asy, 1892, p..216), S. cvigilans, Kerr. (l.c.). I have before me specimens from Victoria (M. Kerremans’ locality) which agree very well with the description of this species. They appear to me, however, to be merely a variety of S. rectifasciata, Saund. S. consularis, Kerr. (i.c.).=S. guttaticollis, Blackb. (Tr. Roy. S.A., 1892; po. 1d%): S. addenda, Kerr. (l.c.). I can find nothing in the description of this insect to distinguish it from S. pallidipennis, Blackh. (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1890, p. 154). Addenda, moreover, is a nom. preeoce. (Thoms. Typ. Bupr., 1878, p. 52). S. bucolica, Kerr. (l.c.). The description of this species does not indicate any ditterence from S. Szeboldi, L. and G. S. tueita, Kerr. (l.c.). The habitat of this species is given merely as ‘‘Australia” I have examples from Eyre’s Peninsula of a Stigmodera that agrees very well with the description, and which I have regarded doubtfuliy as a variety of S. Airbyi, Guér.,. but on reconsideration I think it is a good species. S. ocularis, Kerr. (l.c.). I cannot find anything in the descrip- tion of this insect to distinguish it from S. lalliputana, Thoms. S. mansueta, Kerr. (/.c.) The habitat given is merely ‘“Aus- tralia.” J have specimens from W. Australia which fit the description very satisfactorily. S. crocipennis, Hope (Bupr., p. 6). This species seems to be generally regarded as identical with S. rufipennis, Kirby. It appears, however, to me to be more probably the allied S. parallela, Saund. S. dawsonensis, Blackb. In Tr. Roy. Soc., 8.A., 1892, p. 220, IT expressed a doubt whether this might not prove to be an extreme variety of S. lilliputana, Thoms. It is, however, a good species. S. tasmanica, Kerr. (C.R. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1890, p. 2). This insect is certainly I think one of the innumerable varieties of S. Stricklundi, Hope, of which I have many specimens from Hope’s locality (Morialta, near Adelaide), and also from Tas- mania and other localities in Southern Australia. Lightly coloured examples agree with Hope’s description in having flavous elytra each marked with a dark spot, below the shoulder «a median dark fascia, and a large dark blotch filling the apical one-fourth of the elytra and bearing a small reddish or yellow spot in its middle. There is a still lighter variety in which the spot in the dark apex is much enlarged, and another in which it becomes a fascia cutting off a dark fascia from the front of the apical dark blotch. Other specimens are darker than the type,— the subhumeral dark spot enlarging till it becomes a fascia and es APA 8 2: 43 the median fascia becoming more or less wider than in the type. These last-named examples agree with the description of fasmanica in having the elytra dark violaceous with three pale fasciz. I have specimens of the above forms taken in company quite promiscuously, from Tasmania as well as 8. Australia, Victoria, and Southern N.S. Wales. Whether this insect is identical with S. Afitchelli, Hope, appears to me very doubtful in spite of Mr. Saunders’ assertion of its identity, for he says that Mitchelli has elytra unarmed at the apex (which is not the case with the present species) and Hope mentions a fovea on the pronotum near the hind angle which is not to be found in the present insect. The type of S. Mitchelli was from W. Australia, and I have not seen S. Strickland: or anything like it from that colony. 8S. Stricklandi may be distinguished from ali the other hitherto described Stigmodere as.follows: apex of elytra truncate and feebly bi-acute, prothorax dark with lateral margins pale, under surface dark (except sides of prothorax and of abdomen and sometimes a spot on the hind cox), elytra having transverse zones of dark and pale colouring (more than two zones pale, the apex dark) their interstices moderately convex and their apical points feeble, head scarcely concave longitudinally. All the numerous varieties (that I have seen) of Stricklandi are covered by the above description, and I know of no other species that it will fit. S. astentatriz, Thoms. This insect is very near Strickland), but is a good species, differing by, inter alia, its strongly costate elytral interstices and strong sutural spine at the apex of its _ elytra, as well as in the colouring of its prothorax. I have a fine example of it in my collection, but do not know its exact habitat, which seems to have been unknown to M. Thomson also; there is an example also in the S.A. Museum marked “ W.A.?” S. Karatte, Blackb. In Tr. Roy. Soc., 8.A., 1890, pp. 149-50, I pointed out the distinctions of this species from S. Stricklandi (which I called §. Aitchelli on Saunders’ authority, though I now doubt the identity.) If S. Mitchelli be distinct from S. Stricklandi, Karatte is still distinct from Jfitchelli, being very differently marked and coloured from the type and (even if Mitchelli prove to be variable in colour and markings) differing also, inter alia, in the absence of a fovea near the hind angles of the pronotum. S. rugosipennis, Thoms., Arch. Ent., 1857, p. 111. This seems to be clearly a synoym of S. obseuripennis, Mann. Bull. Mosc., 1837, p. 32. I believe this synonymy has hitherto escaped notice. S. Carpentaria, Blackb. This seems to be the insect referred to by Mr. Waterhouse | Ann. Nat. Hist. (s) VII.| as a local form 44 of a specimen previously mentioned by him as a var. of 8. viridicincta, Waterh. (Tr. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1874, p. 543.) I have not seen the var. ? last named, but am quite satisfied that S. Carpentaria is distinct from 8S. viridicincta, as it differs not only in colouring and pattern (which are very widely distinct) but in numerous other characters also, ¢.g., its prothorax notably more strongly transverse, the striz of its elytra more closely punctured, the extero-apical tooth of its elytra less acute. S. elegantula, White (Stoke’s Journ., I., p. 507.) Its author, after describing this species, says ‘‘near coccinata, Hope.” I cannot find any difference at all in the two descriptions indicating that they are not founded on one and the same species. Hope, it is true, calls the antemedian mark on the elytra a spot (not reaching the suture) whereas according to White it is a fascia narrowed by a deep notch before reaching the suture, but there are so many species of Stigmodera in which an antemedian dark marking consists of a fascia liable in varieties to be broken up into isolated spots that no specific value can be attributed to the character, and I can find no other to fall back upon. The species is a very distinct one, with no close allies as yet described. S. Pascoei, Saund. This magnificent insect is stated by its author to occur in “ Australia,” without the mention of any more exact habitat. I have seen an example in the collection of Mr. W. W. Froggatt, which was taken at Kalgoorlie, in Western Australia. S. cerulea, Kerr. In Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1892, M. Kerre- mans proposes this name asa substitute for the nom. preoce. celestis, Kerr. I, however, had in 1890 (Tr. B.8., S.A., p. 148) proposed the name s¢zl/ata for it. S. flavescens, Masters (flava, Thoms.). M. Kerremans (Mem. Soc. Ent., Belg., 1892, p. 148) makes this identical with S. flava, Saund. The latter species I am familiar with, and it is correctly described as having the apex of each elytron rounded. S. flavescens is described as having the apex of each elytron bidentate. Unless Thomson’s description is actually incorrect the two can hardly be identical. S. capucina, Blackb. I find that this is a nom. preeocc. having been used by Thomson (Rev. and Mag. Zool., 1856, p. 46) for an insect that appears to be identical with decipiens, Westw. How- ever, I subsequently (Tr. R.S., S.A., 1894, p. 141) described under the name Curoli a Stigmodera which I was eventually satisfied must be regarded as a var. of my capucina (l.c., 1897, p. 31) and consequently Caroli becomes the name of the species that I originally named capucina. S. carinata, Macl. M. Kerremans (Mem. Soc. Ent., Belg., 1892, p. 145) gives this name as a synonym of S. plagiata, Gory. 45 I have before me several examples of Macleay’s insect, and am inclined to think them distinct from plagiata though undoubtedly very close to it. The form of the common apical dark blotch on the elytra seems constantly different,—in carinata filling the whole apex (its front margin on each elytron a more or less sinuous line running from the suture obliquely hindward and outward to the lateral margin), while in plagiata it does not fill the whole apex but is a square spot the front margin of which runs out transversely towards the lateral margin of the elytron, and ata considerable distance from it meets (at a right angle) the lateral margin (of the spot) which runs hindward as a straight line parallel to the suture to join the lateral margin of the elytra, reaching it at a very short distance from the apex (of the elytra). In plagiata but not in carinata the lateral margin of the elytra is of a red colour distinctly brighter than the colour of other parts of the surface, and the pronotum of carinata is evidently more gibbous than that of plagiata with the central longitudinal line considerably more strongly impressed. S. insignicollis, sp. nov. Sat elongata; minus lata; pone medium minus fortiter dilatata; sat nitida; supra glabra, subtus pilis minus brevibus albidis plus minusve dense vestita; splendide aureocuprea (nonnullis exemplis plus minusve viridi-micantibus) prothoracis macula magna dis- coidali (hoc basin nec apicem attingenti) lete violacea ; elytris rufo-auarantiacis notas cyaneo-nigras prebentibus isc. fascia postbasali angusta margines laterales haud attingenti (hac exemplorum nonnullorum in maculas 2 vel 3 divisa), fascia mediana curvata (antrorsum convexa), et macula communi preeapicali (hac formam variabili) cum fascia mediana secundum suturam connexa vel haud connexa|; capite sat brevi, crebre subgrosse punctulato, longitudinaliter concavo ; prothorace quam longiori ut 7 ad 5 (postice quam antice ut 64 ad 4) latiori, in parte violaceo sparsius subfortiter nec rugulose (in parte cetera fortiter rugulose confluenter) punctulato, lateribus arcuatis juxta basin sinuatis, angulis omnibus acutis, basi sat fortiter bisinuata ; elytris striatis, striis punctulatis, interstitiis sat fortiter convexis sat fortiter (ut strie) punctulatis, apice oblique emarginatis, parte emarginata externe quam ad suturam multo magis fortiter acuminata, lateribus postice subtiliter crenulatis. Long., 6—8}1.; lat., 24—3+ 1. The most distinctive character of this species consists in the very remarkable colouring and sculpture of the prothorax. The disc is occupied by a large violaceous spot (which, however, does not reach the front margin) on which the puncturation is smooth and not close, while the rest of the surface is of a brilliant golden 46 copper colour, and is coarsely and confiuently rugulose. The pattern on the elytra (apart from colour) resembles roughly that of S. eyanicollis, Boisd., as figured by Mr. Saunders (loc. cit.) but the fascize or spots are not connected by dark colouring on the suture, except in occasional examples having the median fascia and preapical spot connected. In some specimens, however, the three spots placed transversely across the sub-basal part of the elytra are narrowly confluent so as to form a fascia, and the shape of the common preeapical spot varies from circular to semi- circular. W. Australia (taken near Cue by Mr. Ellershaw). S. guadrifasciata, Saund. I met with a few specimens (evidently identical with the insect on which this species was founded) in Central Australia on the flowers of a small shrub (unknown to me by name) near the Cecilia Creek. It is a variable species, both the basal and subapical fasciz of the elytra having a tendency to break up into isolated spots placed in a transverse row. In Saunders’ description the colour of the abdomen is given as ‘‘olivaceous” as distinguished from the cyaneous remainder of the under surface, while in my three -examples the under surface is uniformly cyaneous, but as in all other respects my examples agree absolutely with the figure and description (allowing for the variation in the elytral pattern in two of them as noted above) I have no doubt the recorded colouring of the abdomen is either sexual or occasional. S: rubriventris, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus convexa, pone medium modice dilatata; sat nitida; supra glabra, subtus sparsim argenteo-pilosa ; enea, elytris rufis notas cyaneas prebentibus [sc., maculas 3 postbasales transversim positas (e his mediana communi late ad basin producta, his in exemplis nonnullis fere confluentibus), fasciam postmedianam integram cum macula postbasali mediana anguste in sutura connexam, et maculam apicalem communem subtriangularem (hac cum fascia postmediana anguste in sutura connexa et ad apicem summam dilatata)|, antennis pedibusque vivlaceis, abdomine rubro ad basin zenescenti ; capite sat brevi, crebre fortiter punctulato, longitudinaliter concavo; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) ut 12 ad 7 latiori, crebre sat fortiter (ad latera subrugulose) punctulato, in medio anguste interrupte longitudinaliter levi, lateribus pone medium fortiter dilatato-rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis posticis rectis, basi leviter bisinuata; elytris striatis, striis subtiliter punctulatis, intersvitiis antice parum (postice fortiter) convexis sparsim (latera versus magis crebre) punctulatis, ad apicem acuminatis haud (vel oblique vix manifeste) emarginatis, lateribus haud crenulatis ; unguiculis mocicis fortiter divergentibus. Long., 64 1.; lat., 24 1. 47 In one of the two specimens before me the lateral two of the three postbasal elytral spots are widely separated from the median spot; in the other specimen they are all but confluent with it; I have no doubt these spots are liable to become a fascia. The apical spot is a triangle with its apex at the apex of the elytra, but its extreme apex is “dilated so as to cover narrowly the whole elytral apex. The postmedian fascia is notably wider in one specimen than the other; it crosses the elytra at right angles to the suture and (in that sense is straight, but) its margins are sinuous. Among the species having the head and prothorax of uniformly dark colour the elytra red with three zones of dark colouring, the abdomen uniformly red except base, and the apex of the elytra not distinctly emarginate; the present species is recognisable by the following characters in combination, —size not less than 44]. nor more than 94 1., elytra separately acuminate at the apex. W. Australia; sent to me by Mr. French. S. insignis, Blackb. In the diagnosis of this species (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1892, p. 217, line 3 of the diagnosis) ‘ante basin” should be “ante apicem.” ‘Ante basin” being of course non- sense, and the term “subapical” in the remarks following the diagnosis being evidently applied to the same marking that ante basin is applied to in the diagnosis, probably any reader would discern that ante basin must be a lapsus calami, but it is better to draw attention to it here. S. filiformis, Blackb. In the diagnosis of this species (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1892, p. 218, line 8) for “suture” read “lateral margin.’ Ss. cincta, Blackb. (rubrocincta, Kerr., nom. preoce). ‘© Aus- tralia” is the habitat attributed to this species. I have an example from W. Australia. S. obesissima, Thoms. (Typ. Bupr., App. I., 1879, p. 32), i clearly a synonym of S. Saundersi, Waterh. (Ann. NL, 187 6, p. 70). This synonymy has not been previously recorded. S. flavipennis, Géhin. My collection and that of the S.A. Museum contain specimens of what I take to be this insect. They vary into a form which is possibly S. elegans, Géhin,— though none of them quite agree in markings with the figure of the latter insect. They are certainly not varieties of S. Yarrelli, L. and G. (as flavipennis and elegans are said to be) from which —disregarding the totally unlike colouring of their elytra—they differ by the presence of long white hairs on their head and thickly clothing their sterna, as well as by the very much closer puncturation of their prosternal process. There is a doubt, it is true, about the identity with flavipennis of the specimens before me because the pilosity of their sterna is quite dense, whereas 48 Géhin speaks only of ‘‘ quelques poils rares ;” because their form is notably shorter and wider than the form of Yarrelli, while Géhin seems to say that flavipennis is “ narrower and longer than Yarrelli,—but it is not quite clear he may not mean that Yarrelli is narrower and longer than flavipennis (which is the more likely since Yarrelli is a particularly narrow and elongate species); and because their sterna and hind coxe are variably (but always considerably) variegated with yellow, whereas in flavipennis they should be entirely green. The last-named discrepancy is of less consequence inasmuch as Géhin’s description is evidently care- lessly written containing the statement that the “ ventre et bords posterieurs des segments abdominaux” are of a beautiful green colour. The ventral segments of the specimens before me are yellow, with their (except the apical one) hindmargins green. Géhin says that &. flavipennis is allied to “ Varrelli and Havipennis” (the latter name obviously a misprint). The species IT am discussing (and for which I claim the name /flavipennis, Géhin, until the claim may be shown erroneous by an inspection of Géhin’s type) is smaller than Yarrellz (Long., 9—10 1.) and notably less narrow and elongate. Its under surface and legs are considerably more closely punctulate, its sterna quite densely clothed with long white hairs. Its head is pilose, the sutural apex of its elytra bears a distinct (though not long or very sharp) spine limiting a distinct (though feeble) truncation of the apex of each elytron. Its colours and markings are very similar to those of Yarrelli except on the elytra where they are quite different. The elytra vary from uniform reddish testaceous (except the extreme base) to a form in which there is a small common sutural cyaneous spot a little behind the scutellum, a row of four cyaneous spots placed transversely (two on each elytron) slightly behind the middle and a narrow cyaneous edging of the apex. The insect is found in 8.W. Australia. It is to be noted that in the type of Yarrelli, Hope (as described by Mr. Saunders, Tr. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1868, p. 32), and in examples in my collection the apex of the elytra is simply rounded, while in other specimens before me (otherwise indistinguishable) the apex of the elytra is slightly truncated and the apex of the suture is slightly produced (though less so than in flavipennis). S. elegans, Géhin. This insect (referred to above as possibly identical with flavipennis, Géhin) is more probably, I think, a distinct species that I have not seen. I cannot understand its being called a variety of Yarrelld as no variety of the latter (observed by me,—and I have seen many) much resembles it in markings, and the size (12—13 mm.) greatly increases the difti- culty of supposing it to be Yarrellz. Its author mentions having seen a good many specimens and the varieties he indicates are hited ees > ee 49 still less than the type like Yarrelli. Its markings come nearer those of S. bifasciata, Saund., than of any other Stigmodera known to me, but it is certainly not that species. EUCNEMID. ' NEOLYCAON (gen. nov.) I propose this name as a substitute for Lycaon, Bonvouloir (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1875), my attention having been called by Mr. T. 8. Hall, M.A. (of Melbourne University) to its being a nom. preoce. in Zoology, owing to its use for Mammalia by Brookes (I see Scudder gives it ‘‘Smith”) in 1827. FLATERID. LACON. weeverore, Cand. .In/Pr. b.S., N.S. W.,..1891,;p. 508, I doubtfully attributed to this species an insect occurring near. Melbourne, the doubt arising from its antennz being testacecus or reddish in colour, whereas the description seemed to me to imply their being of darker colour. Subsequently Dr. Candéze sent me a specimen as his Victorie, which is identical with the insect I called by the name. L. farinensis, sp.nov. Sat latus; sat opacus ; piceo-ferrugineus, pronoti angulis posticis et elytrorum marginibus (sutura excepta) plus minusve rufescentibus ; supra setis pallidis brevibus crassis sat crebre vestitus ; capite pronotoque sat erebre sat fortiter punctulatis ; hoc quam in medio longiori vix latiori, sat fortiter convexo (a latere viso), lateribus a basi sat longe ultra medium leviter subsinuatim divergenti- bus (hine ad apicem fortiter convergentibus); elytris quam prothorax ut 9 ad 5 longioribus, subobsolete punctulato- striatis, interstitiis planis biseriatim (quam striz baud magis subtiliter) punctulatis plus minusve distincte granulatis vel rugulosis,—epipleuris adversus abdominis basin recte trun- catis; coxis posticis in medio subito fortiter angustatis ; sulcis ad tarsos recipiendos in prosterno metasternoque sat fortiter impressis nec (ut Z. caliginosi, Guer., sunt) bene definitis. Long., 22—341.; lat., 1—114 1. A very distinct little species; the following characters in combination distinguish it from all its described Australian congeners :—Tarsa] sulci on sterna very distinct but not sharply cut, front part of epipleurz narrowed opposite the hindmargin by a straight truncation, hind coxe suddenly and strongly nar- rowed about halfway between their base and the lateral margin of the body, elytra much longer than but less than twice as long as the prothorax, the punctures of the elytral strie not larger D 50 than those of the interstices, antenne of pale-ferruginous colour, elytral margins pale-ferruginous and the interstices granulous or rugulose, upper surface set with short coarse pale sete, size very small. The prothorax to a casual glance looks longer than wide but by measurement the length down the middle line is slightly Jess than the greatest width. The nearest allies of this species are, I think, Z. duplex, Blackb., and Victorig, Cand., from both ‘which it differs inter alia by its colour and the strong rugulosity of its elytral interstices. S.A.; Lake Eyre basin; taken by Herr Koch at Lyndhurst, near Farina. RHIPIDOCERID AE. ENNOMETES. E£. (Callirrhipis) ruficornis, Gray. Some years ago I took, in the Blue Mountain district of N.S.W., a species which seems to be the very briefly described Callirrhipis ruficornis, Gray. It is however quite clearly a member of Pascoe’s genus Ennometes (which seems to me worthy of being considered really distinct from Callirrhipis). I can find no character to distinguish as species H. Lacordairei, Pasc., and C. ruficornis, Gray, nor does the insect before me differ from either description except in being somewhat larger than the specimen described by Pascoe (Gray does not mention the size of his species). As Pascoe makes no reference to C. ruficornis it seems not unlikely.that he overlooked it, and J suspect that Callirrhipis ruficornis and Ennometes Lacordairei are identical, in which case the insect must stand as Ennometes ruficornis, Gray. RHIPIDOCERA. R. mystacina, Fab. Mr. Waterhouse (Tr. E.S., Lond., 1875, p. 202) describes the typical specimen of this insect and mentions that examples from Northern Queensland are quite identical with it. He then mentions what he calls the “common form” which he says has the prothorax spotted (not evenly clothed) with white pubescence as being in his opinion a variety of mystacina. I have before me specimens of typical mystaeina from N. Queens- land and also examples with spotted prothorax from Tasmania, Victoria, and 8. Australia. These do not appear to differ inter se except in the Tasmanian specimens being larger than those from the mainland. They are decidedly R. femoralis, Kirby (which was described from a small island close to Tasmania) and are certainly a good species differing from mystacina (apart from the vestiture of the prothorax) by inter alia the darker colour of their derm and the notable sinuation of. the sides of their prothorax (the same in mystacina being nearly straight). -ever, calls the prothorax ‘‘antrorsum angustatus, dl MALACODERMID. TRICHALUS. In Tr.R.S., 8.A., 1894, I expressed the opinion that the genus Trichalus cannot be maintained as distinct from Metriorrhynchus. In Proc. L.8., N.S.W., 1898, Mr. Lea concurs with this view but seems to think that it is desirable to use the name as a matter of convenience because the distinction between the two forms is easily recognisable (the subsutural elytral costa in 7'richalus becoming obsolete at a short distance behind the base, while in Metriorrhynchus it is similar to the other costz). I think there is something to be said in favour of that proposition, as both forms are very numerous in Australia, and to treat them as generically distinct certainly simplifies the task of identifying and describing them. Accepting the name 7Z'richalus on the above grounds, I offer the following notes. T. (Metriorrhynchus) semicostatus, Blackb. Trichalus being regarded as a genus this species must be referred to it. T. Raymondi, Lea, must be somewhat close to it, and was taken ‘in the same region (the Australian Alps). Probably however it is distinct, as Raymond is said to have the median line of the head distinct, the antenne of the male not reaching to the middle of the elytra and the rostrum tinged with red at the apex, whereas in semicostatus there is no distinct median line on the head, the antenne of the male would certainly reach back to the middle of the elytra and the rostrum is entirely black. If the two names should prove to refer to the same insect my name has the priority. 7. funereus, sp. nov. Niger, elytrorum apice testaceo ; rostro nullo; prothoracis areola discoidali lanceolata bene definita ; elytris costis longitudinalibus discoidalibus integris 3 et alia subsuturali postice abbreviata instructis (his inter se zquali- bus), interstitiis biseriatim areolatis (series lineis subtilibus continuis separantur); antennis quam corporis dimidium sat longioribus, sat compressis, articulo 4° quam 3° parum longiori. Long., 43 1.; lat., 141. Its colouring (entirely black except the testaceous apex of the elytra) inter alia distinguishes this species from all its described Australian congeners. The only one of them in which the pro- ‘thorax is black and the elytra not entirely red is 7’. discoideus, Er., of which Mr. Waterhouse mentions a form (in his opinion a variety) coloured like the present insect except in having the suture of the elytra red. The description of that species, how- ” which would not apply satisfactorily to this species as its prothorax is scarcely _at all narrower in front than behind. Moreover I have a 52 Trichalus from Tasmania (Erickson’s locality) which I believe to be discoideus and from which the present insect differs inter alia by the very much larger areolz into which its elytral interstices are divided ; they are like those of Metriorrhynchus (Stadenus } inguinulus, Waterh. Victoria ; Dividing Range. T. distinctus, Lea. The description of this species scarcely differs from that of 7’. ampliatus, Waterh., and both descriptions might well be founded on the same insect as Lycus ochraceus, Dalm. METRIORRHYNCHUS. M. insignipennis, sp. nov. Mas. Totus niger; prothorace 7-areolato ; rostro fere nullo; elytris costis longitudinalibus 4 instructis; hee costz costulis transversis numerosis bene definitis inter se junctz sunt, ita ut in utroque elytro areole quadratze longitudinaliter 5-seriatim posite sunt; antennis corporis dimidio longitudine sat equalibus, sat fortiter compressis, articulis omnibus (basali 2° que exceptis) quam latioribus plus minusve longioribus, articulo 3° 4° squall. Long., 33-4 1.; lat., 1 1. Although the rostrum is very short it cannot be called quite: non-existent, the distance from the base of the antenne to the base of the maxillary palpi being not much shorter than the length of one of the latter. The elytra have each four discal coste without any trace of intermediate elevated longitudinal lines,—so that the sculpture of each elytron may be said to consist of five rows of well-defined areole separated from each other by longitudinal costz of which the second is the most conspicuous. This sculpture is suggestive of Mr. Waterhouse’s genus Xylobanus but the costulz connecting the elytral costz are not uniformly transverse; they resemble those of I. scalaris as figured by Waterhouse (Tr.ES., Lond., 1877, Pl. L., fig. 56) and in any case Xylobanus does not appear to me capable of being maintained as more than a section of JMetriorrhynchus. The second joint of the antenne is scarcely visible. Tasmania. MM. atratus, Fab. Fem. Totus niger; prothorace 7-areolato ; rostro fere nullo ; elytris costis longitudinalibus discoidalibus 4 instructis, thier stitiis biseriatim indents areolatis (series lineis indistincte,—antice magis distincte,—elevatis separan- tur); antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus, sat fortiter compressis, articulis 3° 9° quam latioribus vix vel haud longioribus, 10° quam latiori multo longiori quam 9"° multo angustiori. Long., 44 1.; Jat., 14.1. Very near M. hemorrhoidalis, Er., of which I should be dis- oe etl 53 posed to consider it a colour var. with the elytral sculpture acci- dentally wanting in distinctness were it not for the very evident difference in the antennal structure,—the penultimate joint being very much narrower than the antepenultimate and not much less than half again as long as wide, while in the same sex of hemorrhoidalis the penultimate joint is scarcely narrower than the antepenultimate and is scarcely if at all longer than wide. As Lycus atratus, Fab., is very insufficiently described and there cannot be much doubt of this Tasmanian Metriorrhynchus being identical with it I have thought it desirable to describe it fully. Tasmania. M. cliens, sp. nov. Fem. JM. clientwlo, Waterh., affinis ; niger, — in elytrorum partibus tribus anticis ruber; prothorace 5- areolato; rostro nullo; elytris costis longitudinalibus dis- coidalibus 4 instructis (his inter se sat equalibus), inter- stitiis biseriatim areolatis (series lineis subtilibus elevatis separantur), sculptura basin—et presertim apicem—versus quam in medio magis perspicua; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, sat fortiter compressis, articulis 4° —9° quam longioribus sat latioribus, articulo 3° quam 4" sat longiori. Long., 41.; lat., 141. Easily distinguishable from most of its congeners by the surface of its pronotum being divided into five areole, of which the two antero-lateral ones are coarsely punctulate. Differs from M. clientulus, Waterh., inter alia by the four principal elevated lines on the disc of its elytra being equal inter se, and the hind angles of its prothorax not produced outward. N.S. W. (Tweed R.). M. flagellatus, sp. nov. Mas. Niger, elytris rufo-testaceis ; prothorace 7-areolato; rostro elongato (tibiz antic longi- tudine sat «quali); elytris costis longitudinalibus discoidali- bus 4 instructis (his inter se plus minusve squalibus), interstitiis biseriatim perspicue et regulariter areolatis (series lineis subtiiibus elevatis bene definitis separantur) ; antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, sat fortiter compressis, articulis 3°-—10° longe flabellatis, flabellis haud serratis (ut ea VW. gigantis, Blackb., sunt), articuli 3' flabello ultra articuli 5' basin producto. Long., 7 1.; lat., 141. The long slender rami into which the antennal joints of the male are produced distinguish this species from all the other described Australian members of the genus (except gigas, Blackb.) having similar colouring (entirely black except the entirely red elytra). From gigas it differs by its narrower and more elongate form, the distinctly testaceous tone of colour on the elytra, the tendency of the elytral costs to become feebler towards the apex, the narrower prothorax (especially in proportion to the width of D4 the head), and the non-serrate outline of the antennal rami. The antennie resemble those of M/. cinctus, Waterh. N.S. Wales; taken by Mr. Froggatt near Yass. (His. No. 44.) M. miles, sp. nov. Mas. Niger, elytris rufis; prothorace 7-areolato ; rostro fere nullo ; elytris costis longitudinalibus discoidalibus 4 instructis (his inter se sat sequalibus), inter- stitiis biseriatim areolatis (series lineis subtilibus distinctis, —-his basin versus quam coste vix minus elevatis,—separ- antur); antennis quam corporis dimidium brevioribus, fortiter compressis, articulis 3° leviter,—4°—10° valde transversis, 4° quam 3" paullo breviori. Long., 5 1.; lat., 121. This species would be reckoned, I think, by Mr. Waterhouse a true Metriorrhynchus. It differs from ail the species resembling it in respect of colour (except rufipennis, Fab., and brevirostris, Waterh.), by its having scarcely any rostrum. From rufipennis (==salebrosus, Waterh.) it differs inter alia by its still shorter and wider rostrum, by the much shorter and wider joints of its antenne, by the obtuse hind angles of its prothorax, and by the much more distinct lines separating the interstitial areolets of its elytra which in the front might be called intermediate cost. M. brevirostris, Waterh., has a diagnosis of only three words, and the appended note merely states that the insect differs faom erythropterus, Er., by ‘‘ the rostrum shorter, scarcely longer than broad.” In the present species the rostrum is very much broader than long. Victoria; Dividing Range. M. mentitor, sp.nov. Fem. Niger, prothoracis elytrorumque: lateribus anguste, et horum apice sat late, rufis; rostro fere nullo; prothorace 7-areolato ; elytris costis longitudinalibus discoidalibus 4 instructis (his inter se sat sequalibus), inter- stitiis biseriatim areolatis (series lineis subtilibus sat mani- festis separantur); antennis quam corporis dimidium vix brevioribus, fortiter compressis, articulis 3°—10° quam longioribus vix latioribus, 3° 4° que longitudine sat sequali- bus. Long., 6 1.; lat., 2 1. Near M. ecenosus, Lea, but differing by the hind angles of the prothorax quite obtuse the lines separating the areole of the elytral interstices very distinct in almost their whole length (a little obscure only in the middle of their length) and the con- siderably larger size of the insect; also in the antennz and legs entirely black. In colour (except in the red edging of its pro- thorax), general build, and elytral sculpture, remarkably like the insect that Mr. Waterhouse described as JM. inquinulus, but subsequently (on the ground of its peculiar prothoracic areolation) placed in his genus Stadenus. According to Mr. Waterhouse’s 5D arrangement of the Australian Lycides this is a_ true Metriorrhynchus. Victoria ; Dividing Range. M. paradoxa, sp. nov. Mas. Niger, elytrorum apice sat late et margine externo (parte antica excepta) anguste rufis ; pro thorace 7-areolato ; rostro nullo; elytris costis longitudinali- bus discoidalibus 4 (his inter se eequalibus) instructis, costis lineis recte transversis (his ut cost zqualiter elevatis) con- junctis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, sat fortiter compressis, articulis omnibus (2° excepto) quam latioribus longioribus, articulo 3° quam 1"s duplo longiori, 3° —11° Jongitudine sat xqualibus modice serratis. Long., 41.; lat., 12 1. ) The well defined seven areole of the prothorax together with the remarkable elytral sculpture render this species easy to recognise. It does not appear to fall into aay of the subgenera that Mr. Waterhouse has formed at the expenseof Metriorrhynchus. Each longitudinal costa on the elytra is connected with that next to it by a regular series of perfectly transverse short cost of the same elevation as the longitudinal costz, and there is no trace whatever of intermediate longitudinal lines. Mr. Waterhouse would pernaps place this insect in his genus Xylobanus. Victoria ; Dividing Range. M. eremita, sp.nov. Mas, Niger, prothoracis lateribus mar- gineque antico et elytrorum sutura (anguste) margine laterali (sat late) apiceque (vix in parte elytrorum septima) testaceo- rufis; rostro latiori quam longiori; prothorace 7-areolato ; elytris costis longitudinalibus discoidalibus 4 (his fortiter cariniformibus inter se qualibus) instructis, interstitiis biseriatim areolatis (quam MM. erythropteri, Er., manifeste minus grosse, presertim in parte mediana; series lineis subtilibus elevatis sat continue separantur); antennis quam corporis dimidium paullo longioribus, sat fortiter compressis, articulo 3° quam 4" vix longiori, articulis 3°—10° sat fortiter serratis, parte producta quam articuli pars cetera parum breviori. Fem. antennis minus fortiter serratis. Long., 5—64 1.; lat., 29}, Rather closely allied to J. monticola, Blackb., and margini- pennis, Lea; from the former it differs inter alia by the much less coarse sculpture of the intervals between the elytral costz ; from the latter by inter alia the discoidal coste of the elytra being similar inter se and the structure of the antenne. There is evidently something wrong in the numbering of the joints in the description of the antenne of marginipennis of which it is 56 stated that the “second joint is concealed and the third slightly longer than the second, second to tenth subequal, eleventh elongate.” I suspect this means that the fourth is slightly longer than the third, but it certainly cannot mean that the third is if anything longer than the fourth, which is the case in the species before me. The colouring of this insect (quite constant in all the examples I have seen) also differs from that of the two species with which I am comparing it, the black discal patch on the elytra extending from the inner margin of the external elytral costa to the outer margin of the sutural carina, and leaving the apex red for the length of scarcely one-seventh part of the length of the elytra, The intermediate longitudinal elevated lines on the elytra are strongest near the base (where they are scarcely different from the costz) and are distinctly traceable nearly to the apex. This insect might be suspected of being a variety of J. lineatus, Waterh., but inter alia its antenne are incompatible, for in the male they resemble those of inquinulum, Waterh. (same sex), as figured by Mr. Waterhouse; while those of Jineatus (male,—not figured by Waterhouse) are like Mr. Waterhouse’s figure of the antenne of Tvichalus flavopictus, Waterh. Victoria ; Dividing Range. M. rufipennis, Fab. I have little doubt that Mr. Waterhouse is right in thinking (though he is not very confident on the point) that his salebrosum is identical with Fabricius’ species. M. marginatus, Er. T should say there is no doubt that M. hemorrhoidalis, Waterh., is identical with this species. I cannot however agree with Mr. Waterhouse (Typ. Br. Mus., Lyc.) that his hemorrhoidalis may be a colour var. of rufipennis, Fab. The two are unquestionably closely allied apart from colour; but there is a very marked difference in the antenna, the produced piece of each joint beginning with the sixth being in rufipennis very much more slender than in hemorrhoidalis (= marginatus, Er.). CALOCHROMUS. C. cucullatus, sp. nov. Sat elongatus; modice convexus; sat nitidus (elytris exceptis); elytris pubescentibus; niger, elytrorum margine laterali et parte postica tertia lete rufis ; labro antice emarginato; antennarum articulis 3° 4° que longitudine sat equalibus ; capite antice profunde sulcato ; prothorace fortiter transverso, antice parum angustato, lateribus modice arcuatis, angulis anticis valde obtusis posticis (superne visis) fere rotundatis, disco medio profunde longitudinaliter sulcato, sulci lateribus valde gibbis (pre- sertim postice), disci parte postero-externa valde obtuse tumido, basi parum manifeste bisinuata; elytris costis s.. "aee e. tae meee 57 modicis discoidalibus 4 instructis, parte inter suturam costamque subsuturalem in dimidia parte antica sat dis- tincte carinata, interstitiis subtilissime granulosis. Maris clypeo antice profunde trifido, processu intermedio spiniformi suberecto; femoribus anticis incrassatis; seg- mento ventrali penultimo in medio emarginato. Feminz clypeo antice minus profunde trifido, processu inter- medio nec spiniformi nec erecto; femoribus simplicibus; seg- mento ventrali penultimo haud emarginato. Long., 44—5} 1; lat., 13—2 1. Allied to C. nodicollis, Bourg., but differing from it, inter alia, by the markings of the elytra much more widely than my obser- vation of a good many specimens of Calochromus allows me to think compatible with mere colour variety. The elytra of C. nodicollis are described as being entirely ochraceous except a narrow basal border, while in the present species their marking consists of a large common patch touching the base but not quite reaching to the lateral margins and extending hindward to the length of two-thirds of the elytra and slightly narrowing towards its apex, so that the red margin gradually widens slightly from its base and the apical one-third of the elytra is entirely red. Thus the black patch bears a rough resemblance to a hood thrown back over the elytra from their base. This marking seems constant. There are various details in which this insect departs otherwise from the description of C. nodicollis; inter alia the interstices of its elytral costz are said to be rugose whereas in the present species they are excessively finely granulated,— scarcely more than coriaceous, and nodicollis is said ‘to a casual inspection to remarkably recall C. scutellaris, Kr.,”’ whereas the present insect is a much more robust species of considerably wider form with very much longer antenne. The measurements of C. nodicollis make it fully three times as long as wide; C. cucullatus is distinctly less than three times as long as wide. Of the other previously described Calochromi, none seeni to have the remarkable clypeal sexual characters of this species, —some have the prothorax bicolorous (very remarkablyso in C. brevicornis, Lea, and pilosicornis, Lea, in which the prothorax is said to be “yellow tinged with red,” and those having a black prothorax {even if the clypeal sexual characters have merely been over- looked in the descriptions,—as may be the case in one or two that I have not seen) present strongly marked differences that make this species very distinct. Victoria ; Dividing Range. C. simillimus, sp. nov. Praecedenti (C. cucullato) attinis ; differt elytrorum parte communi nigra antice angusta (ultra costam primam haud extensa) sat longe ante medium dilatata (sicut 58 hinc fere ad apicem costam tertiam fere attinet) ante apicem sat abrupte truncata, prothoracis basi sat fortiter hisinuata (sicut. certo adspectu pasha postici nonnihil retrorsum directi videntur). Long., 54 1.; lat., 14 1. Apart from the characters noted above the dovobip ages of C. cucullata is an accurate description of this insect, and therefore need not be repeated. The markings of the elytra are identical in all the specimens that I have seen. The difference in the form of the base of the prothorax furnishes a satisfactory structural character. S. Australia ; Adelaide District. C. rostratus, sp. nov. Elongatus; minus convexus; minus nitidus ; supra pubescens; niger, prothoracis lateribus et. elytris totis aurantiaco-rufis ; capite minus porrecto, antice rostro manifesto (hoc quam longiori sat latiori) instructo, inter oculos longitudinaliter minus profunde canaliculato ; prothorace transversim subquadrato, longitudinaliter canali- eulato (antice subtiliter, postice profunde), transversim carina obtusa (hac in medio minus perspicua) sinuatim antrorsum ex angulis posticis arcuata instructo, disco postice tuberculis obtusis 2 munitis, lateribus sinuatim subrectis, basi leviter bisinuata, angulis anticis fere nullis posticis fere rectis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis angustis leviter convexis (alternis quam cetera vix magis definitis); antennis quam corporis dimidium vix longioribus, modice compressis, articulis 3° 4° que longitudine sat zequalibus. Maris segmento ventrali septimo profunde emarginato. Feminx segmento ventrali septimo profunde fere ad basin trian gulariter i impresso et ad apicem emarginato. Long., 41.; lat.; 12 1.)(vix). The na slight exsertion of the head in this species together with the presence of a distinct rostrum and the scarcely noticeable dilatation of the front femora in the male renders this species very distinct from any other Australian Calochromus known tome. All these characters, however, seem to be present in some of the species from other countries described in Mr. Waterhouse’s monograph of the genus (Cist. Ent., IT.), the essen- tial character of Calochromus among the Lycides being there regarded as the “absence from the elytra of distinct carinz separated by rows of punctures” together with the presence of seven ventral segments. In the species before me an excessively short basal ventral segment is certainly present in the male ; in the female I am not so sure of there being seven segments but probably there is an extremely short basal one which would be discernible if the hind body were broken off. The sculpture of the prothorax also differs from that of any other Australian a ee 59 Calochromus that I have seen; a thick wheal-like edging com- mences at the posterior angles and proceeds a very short distance along the lateral margin and then curves inward and arches across the middle of the disc, being however narrowly interrupted on the middle line by the longitudinal median impression. There is an obtuse gibbosity on either side of the middle line imme- diately in front of the base and a somewhat deep excavation immediately within the hind angles. The prothorax is entirely margined with a thickened edging which however is not so thick: as the wheal-like carina that crosses the disc. S. Australia; taken by Mr. Jung on Yorke’s Peninsula. TENEBRIONID. CHALCOPTERUS. C. Kochi, sp. nov. Sat cylindricus ; sat nitidus; niger, elytris: metallico-versicoloribus (in disco cceruleis, latera versus aureo- viridescentibus, suturam versus purpurascentibus); capite crebre sat equaliter punctulato, inter oculos quam anten- narum articuli basalis lJungitudo fere angustiori; sulcis ocularibus nullis; antennis quam corporis dimidium sat brevioribus, articulo 3° quam 1" 2" que conjuncti manifeste longiori, quam 4" 5° que conjuncti manifeste breviori, articulis 8°—10° quam preecedentes multo brevioribus ; pro- thorace quam longiori fere duplo (postice quam antice duplo) latiori, crebre subtiliter distincte sat equaliter punctulato, lateribus (superne visis) pone medium fere parallelis, basi media sat anguste sublobata, angulis anticis obtusis; elytris equaliter sat subtiliter (quam C. //owitti, Pasc., vix minus subtiliter) postice magis subtiliter seriatim punctulatis, interstitiis planis subtiliter (quam series permulto magis snbtiliter) vix crebre punctulatis; prosterno sat distincte carinato; metasterno distincte punctulato et fortiter oblique rigato, episternis opacis leviter punctulatis; tarsis subtus nigro setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam 4"* haud multo longiori; abdomine modice punctulato et longitudinaliter rugato. Long., 941.; lat., 441. This extremely fine species is allied to C. cuprews, Fab., brevipes, Blackb., and grandis, Macl. From cupreus it differs inter alia by its entirely different colouration and (presuming my identification of that species to be correct) by its much more cylindrical form, very much more slender antennz with quite differently proportioned joints and seriate punctures of elytra becoming much finer in the apical third ; from brevipes it differs inter alia by its notably wider prothorax and much finer punc- turation of the elytral interstices (so that the elytral series stand out much more conspicuously); and from grandis inter alia by 60 the much shorter basal joint of its hind tarsi. I am doubtful of the sex of the example before me (it is difficult to determine the sex of a Chalcopterus unless both sexes can be examined), but it is probably a female. In my tabulation of Chalcopterus (P.LS., N.S.W., 1893) this species may be placed beside cupreus, Fab. (p. 60) though its prothorax is not quite “fully” twice as wide as long (but it is notably wider than in brevipes), from which it may be thus distinguished :— J. Prothorax twice (or all but twice) as wide as long. K. Seriate puncturation of elytra not enfeebled behind [cupreus, Fab. ] KK. Seriate puncturation of elytra mer very feeble near apex ... Kochi, Blackb. S. Australia ; Basin of Lake Eyre ; sent by Herr Max Koch. C, gracilicornis, Blackb. (Tr. R. S., S.A., 1899, p. 45). The habitat of this species is N.W. Australia. C. mundus, Blackb. (/.¢., p. 48). The habitat of this species is N. Queensland. RHIPIDOPHORID Ai. EVANIOCERA. FE. persimilis, sp. nov. Mas. Picea, elytris rufescentibus; minus nitida ; confertim subtiliter punctulata; cinereo-pubescens (lineatim in elytris); oculis modicis, subapproximatis (inter- Spatio quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudo parum latiori separatis); antennarum articulis 1° compresso breviter piriformi, 2° parvo transverso, ceteris ramos elongatos singulos emittentibus, articuli 3' ramo quam ceterorum paullo breviori (a ramo articuli 4' vix longius quam ramus articuli 4'a ramo articuli 5' remoto); prothorace conico, basi bisinuata, lateribus (superne visis) vix sinuatis ; elytris postice minus angustatis. Femine antennarum ee ae (basalibus 2 exceptis) sat fortiter serratis. Long., 24—4#1.; lat., 1—141. Closely allied to #. fe ioke Blackb., with similar elytral pattern (about six narrow vitte of whitish pubescence on each elytron) and the same number (nine) of antennal rami; differing from it in the ramus of the third joint being fully three- fourths of the length of the longest ramus (in Meyricki it is scarcely more than half) and scarcely more distant from the second ramus than the second ramus is from the third. It is moreover a more robust insect, less narrowed behind, with the prothorax less elongate and having posterior angles less strongly directed hind- ward. The other previously described species having nine antennal rami are pruinosa, Gerst., and perthensis, Blackb., neither of which has elytra marked with longitudinal pubescent vittee ; moreover pruinosa has the first antennal ramus even shorter than that of Meyricki, a much more elongate prothorax, U2 ™ eget Og ns be Seca > ais cotyeuet. | 61 &e.; while in perthensis, inter alia, the antennal rami are all less elongate and the antennal joints are shorter so that all the rami are notably more closely packed together than in the present my knowledge seen, the antenne of which are not exactly species. The two species of the genus that I have not to described, are Gerstdckeri, Macl., and Gerstdckeri | Macl.?], Champ. which are so differently coloured that they are not at all likely to be identical with the present species. The rest of the described species have only eight antennal rami in the male. In my tabulation of the species of Hvaniocera (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1899, p. 52) this species will stand beside £. perthensis, Blackb., from which it mzy be distinguished thus :— C. Eyes divided a is ie ... perthensis, Blackb. CC. Eyes normally emarginate ... ... persimilis, Blackb. Victoria; in my collection ; Bo. in the collection of Mr. French. E. perthensis, Bleckb. When I described this species (l:c., p. 93) I did not notice the remarkable character mentioned above In E. nervosa, Meyricki, &c., the eyes are very deeply emarginate, but the two lobes are connected perfectly distinctly ; while in this species the two lobes are absolutely disconnected, so that the insect has four eyes,—a character which may perhaps have to be treated as generic eventually. EMENADIA. £. difficilis, Blackb. (Tr. R.S., S.A., 1899, p. 55). The habitat. of this species is South Australia. CURCULIONID. BARIS. B. orchivora, Blackb. Sat lata; minus nitida; glabra; picea (nonnullorum exemplorum elytris latera versus rufescent- ibus); rostro quam prothorax sublongiori, compresso, apicem versus nitido fortiter crebre punctulato et longitudinaliter strigato, scrobibus subtus conniventibus; oculis subtiliter granulatis ; antennarum scapo oculum fere attingenti ; pro- thorace confertim subgrosse punctulato; scutello modico granulato; elytris a basi retrorsum leviter angustatis, fortiter striatis, striis indistincte cancellatis, interstitiis crebre granulatis ; femoribus sat elongatis vix clavatis, dente parvo armatis ; tibiarum unco apicali parvo horizontali; unguiculis subparallelis, ad basin fere connatis. Long. (rostr. excl.), 121; lat., 21. A very distinct species. It was bred in Sydney from the stems of a Queensland Orchid (Dendrobium sp.) and sent to me by Mr. W. W. Froggatt. 62 BRUCHID4, BRUCHUS. B. lyndhurstensis, sp. nov. Rufo-castaneus, capite antennis apicem versus metasterno elytorum sutura maculisque nonnullis lateralibus et tarsorum apice obscurioribus ; supra pube ochracea et albida indeterminate variegatus ; subtus cum pygidio sat dense albido-pubescens ; capite modice elongato minus lato (fere ut b. rufimanus, Schénh.) inter oculos longitudinaliter carinato ; oculis subtiliter granulato (ut B. rufimanus); antennis sat brevibus sat robustis, articulis 5°—10° inter se sat equalibus leviter transversis leviter serratis ; prothorace conico, crebre subtiliter aspere punctulato ; elytris subtiliter striatis, interstiis planis ut prothorax punctulatis ; femoribus posticis inermibus. Maris segmento basali ventrali fovea magna circulari (hac pube subtili flava in funda vestita)impresso. Long., 1 1.; lat., 21. Variat antennis minus obscuris, capite postice testaceo, elytris in sutura et ad latera magis late obscuris, pygidio nigro- maculato vel fere omnino nigro, femoribus posticis plus minusve obscuris. A most variable species, if I am right in considering the speci- mens before me (which were taken by myself and others, in Central Australia in seeds of Cassia) as representing only a single species. The most distinctive character seems to be that on the basal ventral segment of the male, consisting in the presence of a large shallow circular impression placed anteriorly, and having a diameter equal to about two-thirds of the length of the segment on the median line. In some examples this impression is more sharply defined on the hind part of its outline than in others, and in some its floor is covered with fine yellow pubescence, which is wanting in others. I take these differences to be caused partly by abrasion and partly to be an instance of the variability in respect of development of sexual character so often found in species where such characters are of a very pronounced type. Only one species (B. perpastus, Lea) of Bruchus with unarmed hind femora has hitherto been described as Australian, and un- fortunately the description of that insect does not refer to sexual characters—but its stating that the insect is black and of almost circular outline, with.a triangular scutellum, seem to indicate clearly that it is not much like the present insect. In the species I am describing the scutellum is somewhat quadrangular, though appearing of different form according to degree of abrasion, posi- tion of prothorax, &c., but not definitely triangular in any speci- men. In Mr. Lea’s tabulation of Bruchi (Proc. L:S., N.S.W., 1898, pp. 637-8) the place of this species is beside B. perpastus, Lea. ~> 4 63 , Central Australia; Oodnadatta, Lyndhurst (Koch), Leigh’s Creek, &c. B. Oodnadatte, sp. nov. Nigricans, antennis sordide testaceis apicem versus vix infuscatis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus (presertim posticis) plus minusve nigricantibus, elytris ad apicem plus minusve distincte rufescentibus ; supra pube nigricanti et albida indeterminate variegatus, subtus cum pygidio sat dense albido-pubescens ; femoribus posticis ante apicem denticulo manifesto sed minuto armatis ; cetera ut 5. lyndhurstensis. Maris segmento basali ventrali antice fovea parva ovali leviter impresso. Differs from the preceding by its very different colouring, by the presence of an extremely small denticulation on the hind femora and by the very much smaller fovea (which is elongate oval, not circular) on the basal ventral segment of the male. In some examples the elytra are only vaguely reddish at the apex, in others there is an extremely well defined bright red apical spot. In Mr. Lea’s tabulation of Bruchi (loc. cit.) the place of this species is beside diversipes, Lea, from which it differs inter alia by the minute size of the tooth on its hind femora. Central Australia. B. diversipes, Lea. I have an example of this species courte- ously sent me by Mr. Lea, and also numerous specimens of the larger insect from W. Australia, which he dubiously identifies with it. I doubt the identity of the two, although I cannot find any good structural character to distinguish them. Unfortunately my specimen of typical diversipes is a female. The basal ventral segment of the male of the larger insect is without any sexual fovea. Perhaps an examination of a male diversipes from N.S. Wales might show a valid distinction on the basal ventral segment. B. quornensis, sp. nov. Niger, antennarum articulis basalibus 4, elytrorum disco apiceque et pedibus (femorum basi et tarsorum apice exceptis) rufo-testaceis ; supra pube albida et testacea vel rufa variegatus; subtus cum pygidio minus dense albido-pubescens; capite modice elongato, inter oculos longitudinaliter carinato; oculis sat subtiliter granulatis ; antennis sat elongatis, articulis 5°—10° robustis leviter serratis ; prothorace transversim trapezoidali, antice minus fortiter angustato, crebre subtiliter ruguloso, elytris sub- tiliter punctulato-striatis, interstitiis planis fere ut pro- thorax asperis sed paullo magis subtiliter; femoribus posticis dente parvo acuto armatis. Maris segmento basali ventrali nullo modo foveolato. Long., 11; lat., 31. . 64 Variable in the colouring of the elytra. The base, suture and lateral margins are broadly piceous or black, but in some examples somewhat mottled with whitish or castaneous pubescence ; the rest of the surface (a broad discal patch not reaching the base) is of lighter colour and is variegated with whitish and slightly reddish pubescence not differing much in colour, but each shade running longitudinally so as to give a faintly striped appearance ; abraded examples have black elytra with a wide reddish discal vitta not reaching the base. The antenne have their fifth and following joints much wider in comparison with the fourth joint than in the species described above, causing the antenne to appear as consisting of a stem of four joints and a long serrate club of seven joints (the first three joints of which gradually increase in size). The tooth on the hind femora is much larger than that of 5b. Oodnadatie but a little smaller than that of B. diversipes and does not seem to vary in development. In Mr. Lea’s tabulation of Bruchi this species stands beside 3B. despicatus, Lea, from which it differs inter alia by the basal four (not three) joints of its antennz testaceous and their series of serrate joints beginning with the fifth (not the fourth). S. Australia ; Quorn. B. fabe, Fab. I presume that the insect which Mr. Tryon reported (Tr. Nat. Hist. Soc., Brisbane, vol. I.) as B. obtectus, Say, is this species. Mr. Tryon does not say why he prefers Say’s name; it is to be noted however that it is later than that of Fabricius. . pisi, Linu. In a note to his remarks on Bruchus (loc. cit.) Mr. Lea quotes Mr. Tryon as having reported a species from Queensland as “ B. pyri.” Mr. Tryon, however, has no such name, but mentions “ B. pisorum.” I presume both names are intended for B. pist, Linn.,—indeed in the body of his paper Mr. Lea mentions 2B. pisi (without an author’s name) apparently as the same species which in the note he calls pyrz. B. persimulans, sp, nov. Niger, antennis (his nonnullorum exemplorum articulos 6°—10° plus minusve infuscatos preebentibus), pedibusque (horum femoribus posticis basin versus et tarsorum articulo ultimo obscuris) testaceis, elytris rufis nigro-cinctis (apice rufo excepto); sat zequaliter cinereo- pubescens ; antennarum articulis 4°—10° sat robustis leviter serratis ; elytrorum interstitiis quam prothorax multo magis subtiliter sculpturatis, vix asperis; cetera ut 5. guornensis. Maris segmento basali ventrali nullo modo foveolato. Long., 121. lat. 21, vix. Except in respect of the characters mentioned above, the description of B quornensis applies to this species also, The —— 65 colouring of the derm in the two insects is very similar, but the pubescence of the elytra differs considerably, a fresh specimen of quornensis having a very mottled appearance while a fresh speci- men of persimulans has an even vestiture of whitish pubescence. The present insect is considerably larger than qguornensis and has very different antenne, there being much less difference in size between the fourth and fifth joints and the fifth and sixth joints being inter se equally dilated, while in guornensis the fifth joint is notably less dilated than the sixth. B. persimulans also has a good deal of colour resemblance to partially abraded examples of some varieties of 5. lyndhurstensis, but is readily distinguished from it by its longer antenne, black prothorax, as well as by the presence of a tooth on the hind femora and the absence of sexual characters on the basal ventral segment. This species does not fit into any of the groups in Mr. Lea’s tabulation, not having its prothorax and elytra either both red or both black. Central Australia ; Oodnadatta. PHYTOPHAGA. MEGASCELOIDES. M. circumcinctus, sp. nov. Fem. Minus elongatus ; pubescens ; s piceus, antennarum basi capite prothorace antice elytris (marginibus totis anguste piceis exceptis) pedibusque rufis ; capite brevi lato sat fortiter punctulato; antennis filiformi- bus quam corporis dimidium sublongioribus; prothorace quam longiori plus quam sesquilatiori, subquadrato, convexo, subtiliter inzqualiter punctulato, marginibus omnibus sat rectis, angulis anticis subdentiformibus posticis obtusis ; elytris sat crebre minus subtiliter punctulatis, lineis vix elevatis longitudinalibus circiter 3 instructis; femoribus leviter incrassatis. Long., 321.; lat., 121. (vix). The insect described above has been in my collection for some considerable time placed doubtfully as belonging to the Megascelides. Mr. French has recently sent me an insect closely allied to it which being a male I can identify confidently with Mr. Jacoby’s genus Megasceloides (it is probably the typical species); and by comparing my species with it I have satisfied myself that the former is a female of the same genus. It differs from the male in what are likely to be sexual characters by the intermediate joints of its antennz scarcely dilated and its less strongly dilated femora. Specifically it differs from WZ. pallidus by its colouring (the prothorax piceous with its anterior one- third testaceous and the elytra narrowly and abruptly edged all round with piceous black), by its notably more transverse pro- thorax, the front angles of which are dentiform, and by the less numerous elevated lines on its elytra. W. Australia. Eg 66 EDUSA. The following species while certainly, I think, a member of the group Hdusites, differs from typical members of the genus Edusa by its unusually narrow parallel form and its entirely glabrous upper surface. Five EHdusoid genera have been recorded as Australian, viz., Edusa, Edusoides, Clepter, Thawmastomerus and Ocnida. The insect before me certainly cannot be attributed to the second or third of those genera,—but the last two do not appear to me to have been satisfactorily differentiated from Edusa. Thawmastomerus was unknown to Dr. Chapuis (as it is to me) and he conjectured that it ought not to be separated from Edusa. Of Ocnida he says that its diagnosis does not contain any tangible character for identification,—in which opinion [ agree with him. The following species is not any of those that have been attributed to those genera, and so far as I can make anything of the generic diagnoses it does not agree with them, nor can I find any marked structural character inconsistent with its place in Hdusa which (as Dr. Chapius conceived it) included forms widely differing in superficial characters. E. angustula, sp. nov. Sat angusta, sat parallela; supra glabra; subtus pilis erectis brevibus gracilibus sparsim vestita ; metallico-versicolora (viridis, aureo cupreoque varie micans), antennis (his apicem versus infuscatis) palpis labro pedi- busque testaceis ; capite verticali, sparsius subtilius punc- tulato; antennis filiformibus apicem versus parum incras- satis, quam corporis dimidium parum longioribus ; prothorace leviter transverso, ut caput (latera versus magis crebre) punctulato, antice modice angustato, lateribus arcuatis, angulis anticis obtusis nullo modo productis, posticis obtusis (his, in prosterno visis, dentiformibus); elytris crebre punc- tulatis, apicem versus nonnihil punctulato-striatis, totis fortiter rugatis ; femoribus (sexus observati) wes dentatis sed subtus late subangulatim dilatatis. Long., 21; lat., $1. In my tabulation of the species of Hdusa (Tr. R.8., 8.A., 1891, pp. 142-3) this insect falls beside glabra (at the end of the table) from which it may be thus distinguished :— C. Form widely oval a a * ... glabra, Blackb. CC. Form narrowly parallel e. .. angustula, Blackb. T have seen four examples of this soueee among which I find no conspicuous sexual differences. Probably they are all females. W.A.; sent Py Mr. French. RUPILIA. R. angulaticollis, sp. nov. Ovata; minus nitida; supra obscure ceerulescens, capite antice antennis (apice excepto) pro- thoracis marginibus omnibus scutelloque plus minusve 67 distincte rutescentibus; subtus obscure rufa, abdomine obscure cceruleo viridimicanti, pedibus piceis plus minusve rufescentibus; capite inter antennas longitudinaliter excavato minus perspicue punctulato, postice planato sparsim sat grosse vix fortiter punctulato ; antennis robustis minus elongatis, articulis 1° 3° 4° que longitudine inter se sat «qualibus; prothorace quam longiori duplo latiori, erebre aspere vix rugulose punctulato, margine antico quam basalis vix angustiori (ambobus sensim elevatis), lateribus ante medium fortiter angulatis (hinc antrorsum et retror- sum convergentibus); elytris parum dehiscentibus, haud longitudinaliter impressis, crebre minus subtiliter subaspere nec rugulose punctulatis; scutello lato, fere ut elytra punctulato. Maris elytris ultra segmentum ventrale penultimum atting- entibus minus latis; femine segmenti penultimi medium vix attingentibus sat Jatis. Long., 3—341.; lat., 12 1.—21. Differs from FR. ruficollas, Clk., inter alia, by its much more strongly transverse prothorax and its much longer elytra. R. viridi-enea, Clk., is not described in a manner to allow of very satisfactory comparison, but the present species is very differently coloured, and the phrase ‘“capite inter oculos transverse foveolatu” does not describe at all correctly the sculpture of the head of the present species. In A. «wmpressa, Blackb., and brevipennis, Blackb., inter alia multa, the prothorax is very much more nitid and less conspicuously punctulate. R. rugulosa, Blackb., has very much more rugulose sculpture, and R. excelsa, Blackb., besides being very differently coloured has inter alia, a less transverse prothorax (its width to its length down the middle as 8 to 5) which is traversed by a very strong and conspicuous transverse sulcus. N. Queensland. R. approximans, sp. nov. Ovata; modice nitida; obscure ruf- escens, elytris obscure cyaneis violaceo-tinctis ; capite spars- issime punctulato, linea longitudiaali subtili impresso, hac ut fovea elongata prufunda inter antennas dilatata ; antennis elongatis, articulo 3° quam ceteri sat longiori; prothorace quam longiori sesquilatiori, longitudinaliter late canaliculato, subfortiter minus crebre (ad latera sat crebre), punctulato, latitudine majori antice sita, margine antico late elevato- crassato, lateribus (desuper visis) ab apice ultra medium leviter subrecte (hinc ad basin valde fortiter) convergentibus ; elytris modice dehiscentibus, a basi retrorsum breviter minus perspicue impressis, confertim subtilius punctulatis ; scutello modico. 68 Maris antennis ultra elytra media attingentibus; elytris segmentum ventrale penultimum medium attingentibus. Femine antennis elytrisque nonnihil brevioribus. Var. elytris antice suturam versus rufescentibus. Long., 44—. 54 1.5 lat., 2—22 1. Differs from the description and figure of &. ruficollis, Clk., and brevipennis, Blackb., inter alia, by its much longer and more ample elytra, from R. viridienea, Clk., by the same characters as angulaticollis differs by, from rugulosa, Blackb., by its non rugulose sculpture, from angulaticollis by its very different antenne, and from excelsa, Blackb., by the sculpture of its pro- thorax. Itis near &. tmpressa, Blackb., but differs from it by the strongly and widely thickened front margin of its prothorax, the much closer and more distinct puncturation of that segment, &e. In &. wmpressa there is a transverse ill-defined gibbosity on the prothorax, but it is situated distinctly behind the front margin. N. Queensland. MONOLEPTA. M. cognata, Blackb. This insect,—described from N. Queens- land,—has been sent to me by Mr. French as taken in W. Australia. COCCINELLID/#. LIPERNES. This name (which I used for a Coccinellid genus, Tr. R.S., S.A., 1888, p. 211) I find had been previously used by Mr. Waterhouse for a genus of Lycides. I therefore propose as a substitute for my name Wotolipernes. 69 SULVANITE: A NEW MINERAL. ; By G. A. GoyDErR. [Read June 5, 1900.] Some specimens were sent to the Assay Department of the Adelaide School of Mines and Industries for assay for copper by Mr. E. Meylan, of Port Pirie, who stated that they were obtained from a new mine near the Burra. During the analysis for copper I found that they contained vanadium, and therefore wrote for further samples, which Mr. Meylan promptly sent. On examination these proved to consist of malachite, azurite, vanadium ochre, quartz, calcite, gypsum, and a metallic mineral, consisting principally of copper, sulphur, and vanadium. A small piece of this mineral, as free as possible from associated minerals, was powdered and digested with acetic acid (which removed some malachite and calcite), washed, dried, and analysed. There was not sufficient for an accurate analysis in detail, but the following figures were obtained :— Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Copper, 58°82 Vanadium, 11°88 Sulphur, 26:44 the balance being silica, lime, and a trace of iron. The ratio of eopper to vanadium was confirmed by a duplicate analysis of a smaller sample by a different method of analysis. The mineral was found to contain nc sulphur in the form of sulphate, and on heating in a ciosed tube it gave off no sulphur, from which it would appear that the copper must be in the form of Cu,S, with the vanadium as V,S,. The ratio of Cu,S to V.5S,, in the sample analysed is 34 to 1, but an analysis of some other specimens not so pure proved them to contain an oxidized vanadium mineral with a smaller relative proportion of copper, so that the composition of the mineral is most probably 4Cu,§, V.S.,, which constitutes it a basic sulpho-vanadite of copper.* The samples sent me were all in a more or less oxidized form, and as the mineral is not distinctly crystalline, and is penetrated by oxidised products almost throughout, its physical properties cannot be accurately ascertained. *Subsequent analyses show that the niineral is a sulpho-vanadate of copper, 3Cu,S, V.S, 70 The lustre appears sub-metallic, and the colour bronze, the specitic gravity over 4, and the hardness 3:5. As far as I van ascertain from the publications to hand, there is no record of any unoxidized vanadium mineral. Mr. Meylan has promised to send me some further samples, and should the mine be worked deep enough, some of the pure unoxidised mineral may yet come to hand, in which case further analyses will be made and the physical properties more accurately ascertained. | i EVIDENCES OF EXTINCT GLACIAL ACTION IN SOUTHERN YORKE’S PENINSULA. By Watrter Howcniy, F.G:S. [Read June 5, 1900. } Glacial deposits have already been described in the Transac- tions of this Society as occurring on the eastern and southern shores of Gulf St. Vincent, and in most cases such deposits: extend seawards and pass from view below low-water mark. It may, therefore, be inferred that the southern portion of the present gulf occupies an eroded hollow or depression in what was formerly an extended area of glacial till. On this assumption it seemed highly probable that the southern portions of Yorke’s Peninsula would be included in the extinct glacial field, This supposition has been amply confirmed by discoveries made during Easter week of the present year. The southern portions of the Peninsula have a lateral extension, shaped like a human foot ; the northern and southern coasts of this area were visited, and very instructive sections of the glacial beds were observed, whilst many localities inland furnished confirmatory evidences of the previous existence of ice on a large scale. SOUTHERN COAST. Troubridge Hill.—The first locality visited was Troubridge Hil], about ten miles from Edithburg, in a south-west direction, via Honiton. The sea-cliffs near the Hill are composed of cal- ciferous sandstones capped by travertine limestone. The sea breaks at the base of the cliffs, which are being rapidly under. mined. At a distance of about half a mile to the west from Troubridge Hil] the base of the Eocene beds is exposed, and the latter are seen to rest on an eroded surface of glacial till. The Eocene beds are here reduced in thickness to a layer of three feet, consisting of loosely held comminuted fragments of polyzoa, with countless numbers of the small echinoderm, /ibularia gregata. The occurrence of this echinoid in the bed referred to fully justi- fies its specific name, as it is mostly aggregated in clusters, varying in size up to a foot in diameter. The following is a section of the cliffs as seen at this spot :— 1. Recent —Travertine limestone dst ve ... 10 feet 2. Hocene—Fossiliferous (/ibularia gregata) limestone 5 3. Pre-Tertiary—Glacial till with erratics; thickness unknown ; height exposed above sea level Hf Bir 72 The till has the character of a red clay with bluish streaks, and rises suddenly in the cliff face in the form of one or two nodular inliers, around and over which the sediments of the Eocene sea has gathered. The clay carries erratics to a limited extent, but numerous stones of this character, liberated by the waste of the cliffs, lie at their base and along the beach. About a mile further to the westward the glacial clay is again seen in a much more important exposure, extending in a line of cliffs for about a mile in an east and west direction. The cliff face has a maximum height of about 50 feet, and the thickness and character of the strata vary within the distances of a few yards in a very remarkable manner. The following two sections can be seen on the same horizon within a distance of less than one hundred yards :— EASTERN SECTION. 1. Recent —Travertine limestone - ay ..., 20 feet Dark-coloured clay... ek te 2. Pre-Tertiary | White and pink-coloured argillaceous (Glacial)— | sands, base not exposed; thickness above sea level ee 5 eee Be WESTERN SECTION. Travertine limestone A 1. Recent— {cele sand rock, (?) deed bench Travertine limestone Dark to reddish clay ... : 2. Pre-Tertiary | White kaolinised clay with red patches, (Glacial)—| angular grit and erratics; thickness above sea level UA be Le ene In the second of the above cliff sections there is what may be a raised beach deposit intercolated between two beds of travertine. It is composed, to the extent of three-fourths of its mass, of water-worn calcareous sand, and the remainder of fine quartz sand. The bed does not exhibit false bedding, as it would probably have done had it been wind blown, and, in weathering, it splits up by vertical jointing which gives it an appearance of a decomposed basaltic rock. If it be a raised beach, the lower bed of travertine in the section re- presents an old land surface that was (subsequent to its forma- tion) submerged below high-water mark, and, at a later period, was raised again and received its second deposit of travertine limestone. The white kaolinised glacial clay of this section is a re- markable bed, and has a peculiar chalk-like appearance as seen in the cliff face, but the presence of undoubted erratics scattered promiscuously through its mass, places its origin DD WO Ww 73 beyond question. ‘The erratics of the coast show that the ice must have passed over a granitic country in which the felspathic constituents of the rock greatly preponderated, and the kaolinised features of the clay on some parts of this coast may be caused by the waste produced by such a fel- spathic bed rock. The beach in front of this line of outcrop is strewn with erratics of all sizes—quartzites and granites being in greatest numbers. One of these, a large tabular mass of coarse- grained, pink-colored, porphyritic granite, lying between tide marks, measured fully twenty feet in diameter. The Eocene beds are absent from this section. Port Moorowie is situated on the southern coast about ten miles south-west of Yorketown, and about six miles west of the glacial beds near Troubridge Hill, already described. A good exposure of boulder clay, carrying numerous erratics, extends for about a mile near the jetty, chiefly on its eastern side. The beds as seen in section in the cliffs make a low anticline with a maximum height of about 36 ft., exhibiting the following order :— 1. Recent—Travertine and calcareous marls_... oe Obneet Reddish clay, with pipeclay bands ... 10 “ 2. Pre-Tertiary} White to bluish clay, with dark-red (Glacial)—| patchesand streaks, carrying erratics ; thickness exposed above sea level ... 11 “ The boulder clay of this section shows a general resemblance to the beds of the same age observed on the coast further to the east, and which have already been described. In the westerly outcrops of the Troubridge Hill beds (as also at Port Moorowie), the upper part of the clay, varying from six to ten feet in thickness, is apparently marked off from the under- lying clay by a bedding plane. I saw no stones in this upper layer, the absence of which may raise.some doubt as to its glacial origin, although such negative evidence cannot be taken as conclusive, as considerable bodies of un- doubted glacial clay sometimes occur in South Australia in which no erratics are visible. I have included the layer in question provisionally in the glacial series, but further observations may show that it consists of re-arranged material from the underlying till bed, and belongs to a later period. Erratics of small to moderate size are common on the beach at Port Moorowie. At one mile east from the jetty a boulder of grey granite, with large crystals of orthoclase giving it a porphyritic character, was observed, and measured at seven feet by four feet. 74 NorTHERN Coast. Point T'urton.—An interesting geological section was found at Point ‘Turton, situated on the shores of Hardwicke Bay, about six miles in a north-westerley direction from Warooka. The cliffs present a good face of rock as the Eocene limestone, of which the cliffs are chiefly composed, have been quarried for flux. The section that is exposed near the jetty is a very remarkable one, as it embraces no less than four distinct geological formations separated by three lines of uncon- formability. The following is the order of occurrence : — 1. Recent—Travertine limestone, variable in thickness up to cy = BS A Hel ... 20 feet ( Reddish, mottled clay, preserved in 2. Miocene— - eroded hollows of lower Tertiary | limestone ; thickness nil to... “z2y ((ecore airamae sy oti Pink-coloured fossiliferous limestone ; ; variable in thickness up to... Oe ee Set 7 : Boulder ciay, with glaciated erratics ; . Bea thickness unknown ; exposed above ( sy | low water... ioe cs os ele The Miocene clay is best seen at a spot about a hundred yards west of the jetty, and has been preserved from denuda- tion through occupying an eroded trench in the Eocene lime- stone, the latter having been nearly cut through by the eroding agents. The Eocene limestone of the section is, as a whole, an ex- tremely compact and pure carbonate of lime. It has been subjected to considerable alteration and reconstruction 27 situ, a secondary deposit of calcium carbonate having been precipitated within the interstices of the fossiliferous bed imparting to it a greater compactness. In some places most beautiful slabs of polyzoal stone, with the fronds weathered into strong relief, can be seen. The great purity of the stone makes it valuable as a fluxing agent. The Eocene beds rest unconformably on the eroded surface of the glacial clay, the line of junction being very sharp. The boulder clay is exposed for some distance in a variable thickness up to fifteen feet, and passes below sea level. The varying thickness of the bed is evidently the result of suberial waste that took place in pre-Tertiary times, before the old land surface was submerged by the Eocene sea. The clay is very compact, except where it is subjected to wave action below high-water mark, and even in that position it main- tains a good hard floor that can be walked over without dis- comfort. 7d Immediately under the Tertiary limestone the clay is much impregnated with dendritic manganese, and the upper por- tion of the bed, notably the first three feet, is largely iron- stained. Many of the included boulders have formed a centre of segregation for the peroxide of iron, being thickly coated with this substance, giving them an appearance of nodular ironstone. When broken, however, the unaltered stone is seen to occur below the ferruginous ¢rust. Beneath this iron-stained layer the clay is dark-colored in shades of bluish-black. | When seen in plan on the beach (horizontal to the bedding), an extensive system of jointing can be re- cognised, the joint planes crossing each other at various angles. The erratics contained in the clay are for the most ] art strongly striated or polished by ice action. The shingle of the beach consists mainly of erratics that have been liberated from the boulder clay through wave action on the cliffs. A large granite boulder occupies a position between tide marks, and measures three feet six inches in height. INLAND LOCALITIES. (a) Warooka.—The township of Warooka stands on a hill of boulder clay that has been eroded on three sides. On the north side of the township in Section 200 (Hundred of Moorowie), a dam has been excavated in this clay. Abovt a dozen small erratics—chiefly quartzite and granite—we1e counted within a short distance of the excavation. The cut crop becomes more characteristic as it is followed around ihe eastern and southern sides of the ridge, in Section No. 201. Near the extremity of the eastern spur a granite boulder, two feet in diameter, lies in the paddock. There are also about a dozen smaller fragments of granite lying around, which have probably been broken from the larger mass. The stone is coarse-grained with large crystals of orthoclase, in bunches and veins, resembling the granitic outcrops at Corney Point. On the south side of the ridge is another erratic of pink- colored granite, carrying black mica, about the same size as the one just described; and not far distant from the last- mentioned a third erratic was found, being a close-grained bluish quartzite, with polished face, and heavily scratched. The outcrop of boulder clay was followed across the road _ dividing the Hundreds of Moorowie and Para Wurlie, and more granites were picked up in Section No. 23 of the latter Hundred. A few small weathered pieces of Eocene limestone were seen on the north flanks of Warooka Hill, but whether such are the remains of a small outlier of rocks of this age in the 76 neighborhood, or were carried there, I am unable to say. To all appearance the only deposit superior to the glacial clay in the neighborhood is a thin crust of travertine lime- stone which lies directly on the boulder clay. (6) Corney Point Road.—A large erratic occurs near the main road from Warooka to Corney Point. it is situated on the north side within about twenty yards of the road in Section No. 148, Hundred of Carribie, about two miles east of the Dairy Station, and seven miles from Corney Point. Its large size and isolated character has attracted general attention in the district, and has been recorded on the Go- vernment Map as the “Granite Rock.’ It measures above ground 7 ft. x 5 ft., but to all appearance its actual size is much greater. It is not a “granite rock’’ but.a greyish- colored, granular, hornblendic schist, having a close re- semblance to some of the highly metamorphic rocks on the coast at Corney Point. From the effects of weathering it has split into several pieces—the measurements given are in- tended to include the block as a whole. The occurrence of this transported stone in the position described, is intercst- ing, as it marks the most westerly point that I was able to note the presence of glacial deposits. (c) Lake Fowler.—This is the largest of the numerous sait lagoons that are scattered over the southern portions of Yorke’s Peninsula. It is situated about four miles south of Yorketown, and is more than ten miles in circumference. The Lake occupies a depression in the boulder clay, proof of which can be seen at various points both on the lake bottom as well as in the cliffs that surround its margin. The most interesting assemblage of glacial features met with in my visit was on the north side of the Lake, in Section No. 178 (Hundred of Melville) at a spot’ that can be reached by a path from the road, through a slip panel, and across a field. Near where the path strikes the lake the sloping bank con- tains a group of twelve large pieces of pink-colored granite, having but a slight elevation above the ordinary level. The group measures ten feet by six feet, and was probably only one piece orginally, but has split along joint planes as the result of weathering. About eighty yards to the westward of this erratic, other two huge granite blocks can be seen standing in the mud of the lake about a dozen yards away from the base of the cliff. On examination it was evident that the two fragments had been originally one block, the vertical fissure having pro- bably occurred after it had become stranded in its present position. Conjointly they measure six feet six inches high and eight feet wide. Lying around this great erratic are eo r. > > ay -- 4d some half dozen other granite boulders varying in size up to several feet in diameter. A short distance furtner to the westward can be seen two enormous masses of close grained bluish quartzites lying end- ways to the base of the cliffs. The first of these measures thirteen feet six inches by five feet six inches; and the se- cond, which is separated from its companion by only a few feet, is almost as large. Similar boulders of a smaller size are strewn in the vicinity. It must have been ice of great transporting power that could carry stones of such a size as described. The cliffs of the Lake near these erratics are about twenty feet in height, and consist intermittently of clay and sand rock. The change from the one feature to the other is often very abrupt. The clay is generally very compact, grey in color, with red patches; whilst the sand-rock may be colored white, yellow, or a deep brick-red. The stratigraphi- eal lines are often very bewildering. In places no bedding planes can be detected, and in others they rapidly alter from the horizontal to nearly vertical direction, accompanied with contortions. (d) Munkowurlie Lagoon.—This is a long narrow lagoon running parallel with the road between Yorketown and Port Moorowie. The widest portion of the lagoon is at its sou- thern end, and on the eastern side of this larger basin in the lake two granite boulders are conspicuous. They are visible from the public road at a distance of about a quarter of a mile. (e) Moorowie Head Station.—Situated about ten miles north-west of Yorketown on the edge of the Great Swamp country. I am indebted to Mr. Matthews, of Yorketown, and to Mr. Fowler, of Yararoo, for calling my attention tc two erratics of granite which occur near this Station. I wa unable to visit the locality, but the independent description given by the gentlemen named agree in every particular. One of the stones referred to measures three feet by eighteen inches, and lies on the east side of the main road in Section No. 38, Hundred of Moorowie. Mr. Fowler describes it as “red granite similar to the granite seen in the cliffs at Cape Spencer.’ The second of these boulders is described as much larger than the one just referred to, estimated at five feet by three feet, lying on the north side of a small lagoon. in Section No. 37, about three-quarters of a mile from the first mentioned. (f) Lagoon at Pentonvale Head Station.—Mr. Matthews, of Yorketown, has a granite boulder in his yard that had been brought from the above lagoon as an object of interest. The 78 locality is about three miles north-east of Yorketown. The stone is not so coarse in the grain as many of the erratics of the district, and was probably derived from a grey colored granite, as the evidence of this still remains, although the block, as a whole, is now of a deep red color from penetrat- ing iron stains. The mica constituent is Biotite. (g) Well-Sinking at Yorketown.—Sinking for water has been extensively tried throughout the district with varying suc- cess. All such sinkings have been in stiff clay, and I have learnt by enquiries that the occurrence of isolated stones in the clay is a common thing. Mr. Matthews, of Yorketown, has kindly placed in my hands a fragment of a granite boul- der that was met with in sinking a well at Yorketown. It was found at a depth of 60 ft. from the surface, and has a distinctly polished face on one side. In no instance, so far as I could ascertain, was the clay bed penetrated to the bed rock in these sinkings. ; (h) Government Bore in Tocchi’s Lagoon.—In 1890 the Go- vernment put down a trial bore at the northern end of Tocchi’s Lagoon, situated in Section No. 291, Hundred of Melville, about a mile east of Yorketown. Through the courtesy of Mr. J. W. Jones, Conservator of Water, I am enabled to give the following particulars of the strata passed through in the bore :— : ft. in. Black mud ii hi oe $m ws ar.) Dark clay with gypsum of Dark clay i 27TOe a Hard sandstone 3. 9 Sandy clay Loni Very hard blue rock OQ Ad Bore stopped at ... his 7m hp De a The above sinking was evidently in the boulder clay of the district, and shows a local development of, at least, something over 300 ft. Work was stopped on meeting a hard rocx, which was penetrated to the extent of eleven inches. The occurrence of a hard rock in such a formation could not be taken as definite proof that the base of the clay bed had been reached. It is extremely probable that the point at which the bore was stopped was not bed rock, but an included erratic that had come in line with the sinking and given the false impression that bottom had been touched. The section is, however, an extremely interesting one, and supplies evi- dence of the great thickness of glacial deposits that occur over the southern portions of the peninsula. 79 Bist ConcLUDING REMARKS. In the observations now detailed a very large area has been added to the known extent of the extinct glacial field of South Australia. The glacial outline has not only been car- ried across Gulf St. Vincent, but it is clear that practically the whole of the southern portion of Yorke’s Peninsula, mea suring, roughly, forty miles by twenty miles, has been at one time under glacial conditions. This conclusion has: been forced upon me from the widely distributed proofs of ice action on the northern and southern coasts as well as through- out the inland districts. With the exception of a few out- hers of Eocene limestone and some superficial deposits, the geology of the inland country is of a uniform character, and can be summed up in one great clay formation—the glacial clay. A unique feature of the district is the abundance of salt lagoons, of which there are no less than 200 recorded on the official maps within the area under consideration. There can be little doubt that the glacial clay underlies these lagoons and imparts to them the retentive quality, so that these saucer-shaped depressions, receiving the drainage of the country, play the part of evaporating pans and concentrate its salts. The waste of this clay along the banks of the lagoons leads to the exposure of the erratics belonging to the formation, some of which have been noted in this paper. Another important datum line has been supplied by these observations bearing on the age of the glacial cold in these latitudes. At Hallet’s Cove, on the opposite side of the Gulf, the evidence shows that the glacial deposits were laid down in pre-Miocene times. In southern Yorke’s Peninsula the geological age of these deposits has been thrown back yet one more step through their occupying a stratigraphical posi- tion inferior to the Lower Tertiary. There is, moreover, clear proof of stratigraphical unconformability in the eroded* surface of the glacial clay on which the marine beds of the Older Tertiary rest. It is, therefore, I think, clear that the glaciation must be referred to pre-Tertiary times, and cannot be newer than a Cretaceous or Cretaceo-Eocene age. | The discovery of glacial clay inferior to the Eocene beds at Troubridge Hill and Point Turton will contribute to the correlation of beds of a similar character in other parts of the colony. On the north side of the mouth of the Onka- * At Corney Point, where the metamorphic rocks rise above sea level, there is a thin layer of Eocene Jimestone ina limited patch resting upon the primary rocks. The glacial clay is absent. At this elevation it may have been originally «a thin deposit, and therefore easily denuded before the bedrock sunk below the level of the Eocene sea. 80 paringa, a clay in all respects similar to the glacial clays of southern Yorke’s Peninsula, rises from beneath the fossili- ferous Eocene beds with a northerly rise. A similar clay underles the Hocene of Queenstown, Kangaroo Island, re- ferred to by the author in a previous communication. From the apparent absence of erratics in these exposures some hesi- tation has hitherto been felt in referring the beds to the glacial age, but the evidence now available has greatly strengthened this supposition, and makes it almost certain that they belong to the same formation. We have no reason to conclude that the extent of the glacial area in South Australia has even yet been fully determined. The limits of the evidence on Yorke’s Penin- sula, in a northernly direction, have not been fixed, and it is _ possible that the ice of a long past age may have left its im- press on the southern portions of Eyre’s Peninsula much further to the west. It is in these directions that further investigations should be especially made. My acknowledgments are due to Mr. E. H. Matthews, of Yorketown; Mr. C. S. Keightly, Warooka; Mr. James Cald- well, junr., Honiton; and Mr. William Fowler, Yararoo, for information and other facilities by which I was enabled to utilise the short time at my disposal to the best advantage. SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF PLANTS FROM MOUNT LYNDHURST RUN. By Max Koon. [Read June 5, 1900.] In my lists of plants collected on Mount Lyndhurst Run, published in September, 1898, 334 species of indigenous plants were recorded. In the following supplementary list I enumerate 56 species. In addition to the 390 indigenous species, about 20 of introduced plants were noticed, of which Sonchus oleraceus and Erodium cicutarium may be regarded as well established. Most of the plants of this list were named by Prof. R. Tate, Adelaide, and some by Mr. J. H. Maiden, Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney. The most of the species are more or less rare in District S., and some 25 of them have not been recorded from there before ; these I have marked by asterisk. Crucifere. *Erysimum lasiocarpum, /. v. Mueller. Lepidium leptopetalum, /. v. M7. Sisymbrium filifolium, /. v. JZ. Rutacez. Geijera parviflora (?), Landley. Collected by W. Langley. Zygophyllez. *Zygophyllum crenatum, /”. v. M. Collected by. J. Langley. *Zygophyllum hybridum, 7ate. *Zygophyllum Kochii, Z’ate. First seen by J. Langley, Trinity Well. The genus Zygophyllum had occupied my attention during last spring, for I noted in the preceding year various forms which seemed to me different from those described in the handbooks at my disposal. Fortunately, almost all known species of Zygophyllum were growing in my neighbourhood, with the exception of Z. glawcescens, which was erroneously enumerated in my list of 1898. Professor Tate upheld me in my assumption of having found several new species, two of which he described and named (vide Tr. R.S., October 3, 1899, pp. 289-291). F 82 In addition to these, the learned Professor admitted the occurrence of micromorphs as regards the corolla of Z. ammophilum. My No. 164 is the typical form of Z. ammophilum ; leaflets elliptical to linear cuneate, entire ; petals white, stamens four, seeds two in a cell, outer skin of seed rough (not shining). No. 458, Z. ammophilum, var.; petals white, stamens eight, fruits and seed the same as No. 164. No. 457, Z. ammophilum, var. or new species (?) ; leaflets broadly cuneate, notched; petals yellow, stamens eight, fruits truncate, rounded at the base, deeply angled ; seeds one in a cell, of an oval shape—the outer skin of the seed is smooth and polished ; a small prostrate annual. It will be seen this form differs from the typical form in— (1) Foliage—164 leaflets entire ... ... 497 leaflets notched (2) Colour of corolla—164 white ... 497 yellow (3) Number of stamens—four ... ... eight (4) Number of seeds in a cell—-two ... one (5) Form of seed—almost three angular... oval in outline (6) Outer coat of seed—dull and rough ... smooth and polished I have supplied Prof. Tate with more material to work upon, and would not be surprised if he decides to raise No. 457 to specific rank. This form being prostrate in its habit, and the smallest of the genus, I suggest as an appropriate name Zygophyllum humillimum. Malvacee. Plagianthus glomeratus, Bentham. *Sida intricata, F. v. Mueller. Euphorbiacee. Phyllanthus Gunnii, J. Hooker. A shrub. N.B.—Phyllanthus rhytidospermus should be struck off my list of 1898. Chenopodiacee. An examination of Prof. Tate’s Herbarium at the Univer- sity has convinced me that the following species in list 1898 should be struck off :— Atriplex leptocarpum, /. v. M., for which I now assign A. angulatum, var., as the correct name. Bassia bicornis, for which B. diacantha seems to be a better reference. Amarantacez. Ptilotus Hoodii, /. V. Mueller. 83 Leguminose. Further study has revealed the fact that Glycina tabacina, in list 1898, is wrong, and should be Glycine sericea, Bentham. Acacia salicina, Lindley. Acacia cibaria, F. v. Mueller. This tree, or often shrubby tree, resembles so much in habit, foliage, and form of flowers to Acacia aneura that the species could not be defined until ripened fruits were obtained. Acacia cibaria is the species the seeds of which the blacks gather for food, and it is called by them Mulka, or by another tribe Wodnera, the same as Acacia aneura. Both species are highly valuable as fodder for cattle and horses, and are often cut down for sheep in protracted droughts. Ficoidee. *Mesembrianthemum australe, Solander. Collected by W. Langley, Knob Well. Aizoon zygophylloides, /. v. M. The form with pink sepals, No. 354, is growing abundantly on the salt plains near Catt’s and Publichouse Springs, north of Trinity Well. Myrtacee. Melaleuca trichostachya, Lindley. Melaleuca parviflora, Ziandley. Black Teatree. Loranthacez. Loranthus exocarpi, Behr. A form with yellow petals, and green at the summit, is often found. Composite. * Aster decurrens, Cunningham. *Podocoma cuneifolia, A. Br., var. 348. Leaves pinnate, and flowers much smaller than the legitimate form. *Podocoma cuneifolia, R. Br., var. 476, Leaves twice pinnate. Minuriella annua, 7ate. A small annual, first found in horse paddock of the “ Village Well” on Mount Lyndhurst, but later on frequently met with on pipeclay soils throughout the district. *Pterigeron microglossus, Bentham. Podolepis Siemssenii, /. v. Mueller. Helipterum cerymbiflorum, Schlechtendal. Helipterum incanum, DeCandolle. Helipterum pterochaetum, Bentham. *Helichrysum lucidum, Henckel. 84 Calocephalus platycephalus, Benth. Calocephalus sp., No. 481 (?). Flowers too imperfect for specific denomination. It is a low perennial, with rigid, divaricate branches, stems, and leaves, which are short, densely woolly. Goodeniacez. Scaevola humilis, R. Brown. Convolvulacez. *Cuscuta australis, R. Brown. Boraginee. Heliotropium asperrimum, &. br. Collected by W. Langley. Asclepiadez. Believe floribundum, f. Brown. Jasminez. Jasminum lineare, &. Br. Solanacez. Solanum eremophilum, F. v. Mueller. Lentibularinee. Utricularia dichotoma, Labillardiere. Collected by J. Langley at Publichouse Springs, “north of Trinity Well,” growing in shallow waters. Myoporinee. *Myoporum deserti, Cunningham. A shrub. Myoporum platycarpum, hk. Brown. Sandalwood. Aboriginal name in the Dieyerie dialect, Yumburra. *Eremophila Freelingi, /. v. M. A colour variety ; flowers white. The typical shrub has a lavender corolla. Found by J. Langley near Trinity Well. Juncacez. Juncus bufonius, Linne. Typhacee. Typha angustifolia, Zinne. Near Walparinna Springs. Cyperacez. On account of the difficulty of procuring well-matured specimens of these Cyper grasses, as they are largely cropped by stock, it seems to be impossible to arrive at a final and satisfactory result with some of the species, and the names given here must be considered as provisionally applied, and as liable to be improved upon. *Cyperus castaneus, Willd. A dwarf annual (perhaps a variety, or, if not, a new species). New for the province of South Awetralta, as 85 *Cyperus squarrosus (?), Zinne. A form or an undescribed species. Scirpus lacustris (?), Lanne Eriocaulez. *Eriocaulon submersum, Zate. Grows under water, except the tips of the leaves and the flowering stalk. First seen at Publichouse Springs by J. Langley, Trinity Well. Graminee. Panicum decompositum, A. Brown. *Panicum adspersum, Z'rinius. *Panicum sanguinale, Zinne. Spinifex paradoxus, Bentham. * Andropogon bombycinus, #. Br. Stipa aristiglumis, /. v. I. * Agrostis Solandri, /. v. MZ. *Eriachne scleranthoides, /. v. M1. *Diplachne Muelleri, Bentham. *Diplachne fusca, Palisot. *Distichlis maritima, Rafinesque. Near salt lakes, Publichouse Springs. Filices. Grammitis rutaefolia, R. Brown. Characee. *Nitella sp. Not sufficiently developed to admit of specific denomination. the widely different form of their mesosternum and tarsi. The former is (not horizontal but) strongly declivous ; and the latter have their basal joint very elongate, the 2nd scarcely half as long as the basal one and slightly dilated; the 3rd still shorter, 115 more strongly dilated and sublamellate ; the 4th extremely small (little more than a nodule); the 5th about the same length as the preceding 3 together. I have before me specimens of an insect that seems certainly to be Candeéze’s typical species of the genus (P. elegans), but it is from Tasmania (my own capture) not Queensland (Candéze’s locality.) ‘There are thus known to me three species of the genus, P. elegans being distinguishable from the other two by, enter alia, the much less acuminate apices of its elytra, and P. quinquesulcatus from the other two by, inter alia, the non-divaricate hind angles of its prothorax. In all three the carina within the hind angle of the pronotum is very strongly defined and continued more or less distinctly to, or even beyond, the middle of the pronotum. My specimen of P. quinquesulcatus is probably a female, as the antennw scarcely pass the base of the prothorax. Victoria (Dividing Range). P. bicolor, sp. nov. Angustus; valde elongatus ; niger, pronoti sulco mediano lateribusque et prosterni lateribus rufis ; capite crebre subfortiter punctulato, pilis albidis sat elonga- . tis vestito ; prothorace quam ad basin latiori ut 7 ad 6 (quam ad medium latiori ut 7 ad 5) longiori, supra longitudinaliter sat profunde 5-sulcato, in partibus medianis elevatis glabro sparsim subfortiter punctulato, alibi ut caput pubescenti, confertim subtiliter (latera versus magis grosse) punctulato, antice subtruncato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis posticis divaricatis ; elytris breviter pubescentibus, ad apicem valde acuminatis, sat fortiter striatis, interstitiis punctulatis leviter convexis. Maris antennis prothoracis basin longe, feminze parum, super- antibus. lLong., 5?—64].; lat., 14—141. Victoria (Dividing Range). MALACODERMIDA. SELENURUS. S. fernshawensis, sp. nov. KHlongatus; capite nigro, antice flavo-notato, mandibulis plus minusve luteis, antennis pal- pisque nigro-piceis ; prothorace luteo, macula magna dis- coidali nigra ornato, hac antice margines laterales attingenti, postice bifida ; elytris viridibus ante apicem macula suturali flava ornatis ; corpore subtus nigro, flavo-maculato ; pedibus piceis ; capite prothorace levibus ; hoc subquadrato postice paullo angustato, margine antico late rotundato, angulis subrotundatis ; elytris crebre rugulose punctulatis, quam abdomen multo brevioribus, ad apicem dehiscentibus. Long., 4—5 1.; lat., £—1 1. 116 ‘' Congeneric with a species I described in Tr.R.S., S.A., 1892, pp. 220-221, but referred to Selenurus subject to the doubt I have already expressed (loc. cit). Victoria (Fernshaw). TELEPHORUS. T. pulchellus, Macl. var. (?) notophilus. 1 have before me two specimens belonging to the S.A. Museum, which appear to be a remarkable variety of 7’. pulchellus. They differ from the type in having a wide very conspicuous and sharply limited yellow fascia on the elytra a little behind the middle. I can, however, find no other difference. I have seen hundreds of specimens of T. pulchellus, but never one (except these) in which the elytra were not unicolorous. The specimens before me are from Carrie- ton (South Australia) and are male and female. CLERIDA. The Australian Cleride are much in need of revision, such descriptions as have been published being scattered through a. great variety of (chiefly non-Australian) works, and many of them still standing as referred to genera with which they have nothing todo. The following notes are a contribution to the task of reducing them to order. I am not aware of the existence of any memoir showing the relation to each other of the various genera among which the Australian Cleride are distributed, except Lacordaire’s ‘‘ Genera des Coléopteres,” where such of the Australian genera as were known forty-three years ago find a place among the Clerid genera of the world, and some memoirs by the Rev. FH. S. Gorham dealing with such as were known of them in certain groups of the Cleride twenty-four years ago, where again they are placed among the Cleride@ of the world belonging to those groups. I have, therefore, considered it desirable to provide a tabulated statement of the characters distinguishing the genera to which the known Australian Cleride can be referred for the use of students in Australia. Herr Lohde has recently published a catalogue of the Cleridce of the world, which is of the highest possible value, and includes nearly all the corrections that have been made in the generic position of the Australian species, but as a large part of the erroneous generic determinations of the earlier describers have never been corrected in any published treatise those determina- tions are still, of course, uncorrected in this recent catalogue. As far as possible I have corrected these in the following pages. I begin with a tabulation of the characters of the Clerid genera known to occur in Australia, and then furnish more particular notes concerning some of those genera, together with the diag- 117 nosis of two new genera, descriptions of some new species, and a revision of one genus (Aulicus).! Tabulation of Australian Clerid genera :— A. Eyes more or less emarginate. B. All the tarsi (viewed from above) $y ascend 5-jointed. C. Head elongate, parallel CC. Head oval cw BB. Genera not having all the tarsi (viewed from above) distinctly 5-jointed. C. The front tarsi (viewed from above) distinctly 5-jointed. D. Eyes strongly emarginate. . Space between the eyes considerably wider than diameter of part of eye visible from in front. F. Club of antenne lax and long ‘ FF. Club of antennz abrupt and compara- tively short EE. Space between eyes equal to diameter of part of eye visible from in front EEE. Space between eyes much narrower than diameter of part of eye visible from in front tis ee DD. Eyes scarcely emarginate ‘ CC. The front tarsi viewed from above appear to have only 4 joints. D. The appearance (from above) of the tarsi having only 4 joints arises from the basal joint being concealed under the second. E. The eyes very coarsely granulate. F. The apical joint of the maxillary palpi securiform FF. The apical joint of the maxillary palpi elongate subtriangular. G. Body winged ss GG. Body apterous ... KE. The eyes much more finely granulate. F. The apical joint of the maxillary palpi not securiform. G. Club of antenne gradual and very feeble .. GG. Club of antennz abrupt and strong FF. The apical joint of the maxillary palpi more or less strongly securiform. G. Mesosternum vertical in front GG. Mesosternum not vertical in front. H. Elytra with conspicuous basal fascicles HH. Elytra with large basal ‘tubercles HHH, Elytra at base even (or nearly So). I. Pronotumwith a conspicuous ante median transverse sulcus. J. Elytra not more than twice as long as (at their base) wide JJ. Elytra much more than twice as long as (at their base) wide. Cylidrus. Tillus, Clerus. Eleale. Stigmatium. Omadius. Orthrius Opilo. Natalis. Cormodes. Metabasis. Cleromorpha. Zenithicola. Trogodendron. Olesterus. Aulicus. 118 K. The whole surface of the elytra coarsely rugulose ; head elongate ... Scrobiger. KK. Apical one-third or more of elytra smooth ; head short 2, Neoscrobiger. II. Pronotum not having an ante- median sulcus, J. Hind tarsi much longer and narrower than front tarsi ... Tarsostenus. JJ. All the tarsi very similar inter se. Tarsostenodes. DD. The appearance (from above) of the tarsi having only 4 joints arises from the 4th joint being a mere nodule. EK. Antennal club composed of 8 serrate joints ie Tenerus. EE. Antennal club composed of not more than 4 joints. F. Apical joint of maxillary palpi strongly securiform ... Thanasimomorpha. FF. Apical joint of maxillary palpi not (or scarcely) securiform. G. Eyes very strongly granulate Pylus. GG. Eyes much less strongly granulate. H. Antennal club abrupt and strong. I. Pronotum much expanded later- ally but scarcely margined ... Parapylus. II. Pronotum conspicuously mar- gined laterally. J. Apical joint of maxillary palpi elongate-triangular Corynetes. JJ. Apical joint of maxillary palpi oval... Necrobia. HH. Antennal club elongate narrow and feebly defined .. Crobenia. CCC. The front tarsi (viewed from ee appear to have only 3 joints Paratillus. AA. Eyes entire. B. Elytra wider at their base than the base of the prothorax Lemidia. BB. Elytra not wider at their base than the base of the prothorax Ze Mg ... Allelidia. TILLUS. The only Australian species that stand in this genus in Cata- logues (Lohde’s included) are Ailar/s, Westw., and dux, Westw. The former of these is stated by Gorham (Cist. Ent., II., p. 62) to be congeneric with 7%llus bipartitus, Blanch., and greatly to resemble it, but not to be a Zallus. 7'. bipartitus is the type of my genus Zhanasimomorpha (my identification of 7’. bipartitus | was confirmed by Dr. Sharp). I have before me a small Clerid from Victoria which agrees well with Westwood’s description of 7. hilaris (a Tasmanian species) in every respect except in being a trifle small and having its tibize and tarsi infuscate. It differs 119 from 7’. bipartitws considerably in the sculpture of its pronotum but otherwise its structural characters seem identical,—granula- tion and shape of eyes, length and structure of antenna, structure of palpi, &c. Like 7’. bipartitus it seems to have only four tarsal joints even under a strong power, and it is not easy to feel quite certain which is the missing fifth joint, but I am fairly confident that it is the penultimate which is abnormal, and exists only as a minute nodule at the base of the apical joint. I have no doubt that the specimen before me either is 7’. Azlaris or is excessively close to it, and that 7. Ailaris is a Thanasimomorpha, but what- | ever it is, it is not a T%llus. T. dux, Westw., is a complete enigma. I incline to the opinion that its author was mistaken in calling its claws appendiculate, in which case it might well be a large Watalis, but if he was not mistaken J can make no suggestion about it except in saying that the description, and especially the size, do not suggest a true Tillus. I am therefore of opinion that there is no true 7%llus known in Australia. It certainly seems unlikely that among all the Australian Cleride before Mr. Westwood there was not a Natalis but that there was a specimen, of the remarkably large size of a WNatalis, subsequently (so far as I can discover) not mentioned by any author, and appertaining to a different genus. OPILO. To this genus nine Australian species are attributed in Mas- ters’ Catalogue ; in Lohde’s Cat. they stand at the same number but are not the same insects, 0. (Notoxus) ephippium, Boisd., and merens, Westw., having been removed, the former (vide Tr. Roy. Soc., 1891, p. 303) having been shown to be a T’rogodendron and the latter having been referred (I think wrongly,—vide infra) by Chevrolat to Scrobiger. Their places are filled by O. variipes, Chevr. (apparently omitted accidentally by Masters) and O. floecosus, Schenk., on which a note will be found below. A change of name also occurs, Whiter, Gorh., being substituted for apicalis, White (nom. preocc.),a synonym that appears to have escaped Mr. Masters’ notice. Concerning the species referred to Opilo in Lohde’s Catalogue I offer the following notes :— O. congruus, Newm. A true Opilo; very variable and common all over Australia. i O. eburneocinctus, Gorh. Not known to me. Probably a true ilo. O. ephippiger, White. Identical with Trogodendron (Notoxus) ephippium, Boisd., as pointed out by me (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., 1891, p. 303). Herr Lohde does not appear to have observed my note. 120 O. floccosus, Schenkl. I have in my collection a Olerid which agrees with Herr Schenkling’s deseription of this species in every respect except that it has the palpi of a Natalis and should be referred to that genus. As Schenkling states that floccosus has the palpi of an Opilo I am compelled to suppose that the insect before me is not his species in spite of its agreement in other respects with his excellent description. 1 shall not however venture on describing it on the ground that he may possibly have incorrectly observed the palpi he described. It bears some re- semblance to but is quite distinct from Watalis, Leai, Blackb. O. incertus, Macl. Not known to me. Probably a true Opilo. O. Pascoet, Gorh. subtus sat sparsim pubescens ; supra pilis erectis elongatis sparsis vestita; nigra, pedibus antennis et corpore subtus picescentibus ; antennis sat elongatis sat gracilibus ; oculis minus prominulis; capite confertim subtilius subaspere punctulato, puncturis paullo majoribus sparsim intermixtis ; prothorace quam latiori ut 7 ad 54 longiori, ut caput punc- tulato et ad latera nonnihil (fere ut WV. porcate, Fab.) ruguloso, sulco longitudinali mediano lineari sat elongato impresso, pone medium utrinque fortiter dilatato-rotundato ; scutello confertim subtiliter punctulato; elytris ad apicem inermibus, seriatim punctulatis, puncturis quadratis (antice profundis sat magnis, postice gradatim minoribus minus pro- funde impressis) ; interstitiis alternis leviter costiformibus ; tibiis anterioribus 4 arcuatis; abdomine sparsim subtiliter punctulato, segmentis postice late membranaceo-marginatis ; pedibus sat gracilibus, femoribus posticis perlongis ; tarsis sat elongatis sat gracilibus. Long., 64 1.; lat., 14 1. (vix). At once distinguishable from all the previously described Natales except porcata, Fab., by the close even puncturation of the entire disc of its pronotum and the feebleness of the lateral rugulosity of that segment. From porcata it differs inter alia by its black colour, by its distinctly less convex eyes, by its very much more elongate prothorax, by the very evidently closer and a. ee ie. | < 121 finer puncturation of its pronotum, and by the very wide mem- branous hindmargin of each ventral segment,—which is certainly not due to the abdomen of the specimen before me being dis- torted or unduly dilated. I have little doubt of the specimen described being a male, in which case the species is distinguished from many of its congeners (but not from porcata, Fab.) by the absence of patches of close sexual puncturation on the ventral segments. In my tabulation of Natalis (Tr. R.S., S.A., 1899, pp. 29-30) the inclusion of this species would cause the substitu- tion for the last line of the following :— AA. Disc of prothorax closely and evenly aan? B. Prothorax much longer than wide ... debilis, Blackb. BB. Prothorax very little longer than wide .. ... porcata, Fab. S.A. (basin of Lake Eyre); taken by Herr Koch near Farina, THANASIMUS. There seems to be reason for regarding all the Australian in- sects that have been referred to this genus as incorrectly placed there. 7. accinctus, Newm., has already been made the typical species of a new genus (Metabasis, Gorh.), and Mr. Gorham has already referred (correctly, I have no doubt) 7’. sculptus, Macl., and his own 7’. rufimanus to the genus Aulicus. Necrobia eximia, White (which has been attributed to Thanasimus by some authors,—e.g., Gorham) is certainly not a Thanasimus in my opinion,—but here I am writing from memory (having examined a@ specimen not at this moment available) and so will not at present discuss its position more particularly. I know of only three other Australian species that have. been placed in Thanasimus (viz., acerbus, Newm., confusus, Newm., and cursorius, Westw.), and they undoubtedly belong to the genus Stigmatium. They are all described insufficiently for confident identification among congeners so numerous and _ superficially so closely resembling each other as are the species of Stigmatium, but it seems to me probable that acerbus and cursorius are founded on the same insect and that it is also the same which M. Kuwert has since described as §. dispar. I think I know S. confusus, Newm., as a species that I have met with in Vic- toria (Newman’s locality) not rarely, and it is probably identical with one or more of the species that have since been described as Stigmatia by other authors, but without examination of types it is difficult to arrive at a confident opinion. CLERUS. I regard it as extremely doubtful whether any true Clerus occurs in Australia. Eight Australian species are ascribed to the genus in Masters’ Catalogue, one of which (crassus, Newm.) dis- appears in Lohde’s Cat., having been reported (Tr. R. Soc., 8.A., 122 1891, p. 303) as a Zenithicola, Of the remainder C. apicalis, Macl., Mastersi, Macl., and delicatulus, Bohem., are Aulici (as noted below); C. eruciatus, Macl., is probably a Lemidia,—cer- tainly nota Clerus ; ventralis, Westw., is evidently an Olesterus ; C. guttulus, White, has been stated by Gorham to be congenerie with Tllus bipartitus and therefore mentioned by me (loc. cit., p. 304) as probably a Thanasimomorpha (but I have since identified it, and now place it,—as noted below,—in my new genus Jarsostenodes). C. sepulcralis, Westw., remains; I have not to my knowledge seen it, nor do I find anything in its description on which I can form a decided opinion as to its generic position. I note however that in a recent memoir Herr Schenkling mentions it as ‘“‘ Clerus” sepuleralis from which it seems probable that it is at any rate near Clerws. Perhaps it is an Orthrius (an Australian ally of Clerws named by Mr. Gorham and distinguished inter alia by its scarcely emarginate eyes). CLEROMORPHA. In his diagnosis of this genus (Cist. Ent., II., p. 83) Mr. Gorham indicates the number of tarsal joints visible on their upper surface as doubtful,—owing. I presume to the type having lost its tarsi. His conjecture that the number is four is correct. AULICUS. | Under this name Spinola (its author) included species from America and Australia. Later, Gorham expressed the opinion tnat the species of the two continents ought to be separated, but says that not having examined any of the American species he ‘‘has not ventured on the alteration,” and at the same time pro- poses the name Phlogistus for the Australian species, though admitting it doubtful whether Spinola did not consider an Aus- tralian species the typical one. This is decidedly puzzling, and does not seem to me to furnish sufficient reason for rejecting Spinola’s name in respect of the Australian species, although I observe that in his recent “ Cleridarum Catalogus,” Herr Lohde has done so but (as was of course to be expected in a mere Cata- logue) without assigning a reason. It is quite possible that the need of the change of name may eventually be demonstrated, but in the absence of a diagnosis of PAlogistws,—which has not been provided by any author,—I retain the name Awlicus for the present. The Australian species of this genus are in great confusion, not a few of them having been attributed by their authors to the old genera Thanasimus and Clerus and still standing there even in Herr Lohde’s recent Catalogue. Having recently had occasion to examine a considerable number of specimens of Aulicus I have 123 taken the opportunity to study the widely scattered literature of the subject and offer the following notes as an attempt at a systematic treatment of the Australian species. Under the generic name Aw/icws 21 specific names have been proposed for them, and two species described as Zhanasimi and one described as Clerws have been shown to be in reality Awlict,—viz., T. rufimanus, Gohr., and sculptws, Macl., and C. instabilis, Newm. I now draw attention to the fact that the following also appear to be decidedly members of the same genus,—viz., Clerus Mastersi, Macl., apicalis, Macl., and delicatulws, Bohem. Beside the above Xylotretus scrobilata, Spin., is stated by Gorham to be “probably an Awlicus,”—a reference that is followed (but with a?) by Herr Lohde. In this I cannot concur. Spinola describes the insect as having “5 or 6” rows of large deep fovez on the elytra. But in all the large number of Awlict I have examined I have never seen one in which there is any doubt at all about the number of rows on each elytron being ten,—so emphatically is this the case that I am quite satisfied of the presence of that number of rows of quadrate foveole being a reliable generic character (as far as Australian species are concerned). Moreover Spinola describes X. scrobdilatus as having a “ transverse fold” on the non-foveolate apical portion of the elytra,—a character to which there is no approximation whatever in any Aulicus (or indeed in any Australian Clerid) known to me. I incline to the opinion that X. scrobilatus is erroneously attributed to Australia. If not, it probably represents a genus as yet uncharacterised. but if the “ transverse fold” can be disregarded as (say) a defor- mity of the individual specimen, it is possible that the insect in question is a Zenithicola, as in species of that genus (eg9., australis, Boisd.) the foveole of the lateral are so much smaller than those of the discal series that it would be correct to say there are “about 5 or 6 rows of larye deep fovex,” though even in that case one would wonder that the describer had not added that there are also other rows of much smaller foveew. The generic identification of X. scrobilatus is impossible without an inspection of the type, but whatever it may be it is not an Aulicus unless the description is outrageously incorrect. Unfor- tunately Spinola gives a wrong reference to his figure, which imparts a further difficulty into the matter (as Gorham points out, Cist. Ent., II., 88), but the figure that is probably intended for X. scrobilatus looks as if it might represent a Zenzthicola. Altogether, then, there are 27 names that must be regarded as having been given to Australian species of Aulicus, but a con- siderable number of these are synonyms, some of which have already been shown to be so. It will be convenient, however, to recapitulate them all now. The following, however, I believe to be founded on error, or mere conjecture :— 124 A. episcopalis, Spin., wrongly regarded by Spinola as a synonym of instabilis, Newn. (discussed below). A. corallipes, Chevr., quoted by Herr Lohde as a synonym of fovercollis, Macl. This seems to me highly improbable. No reason is given for the reference. A. foveicollis is practically undescribed. It is a Queensland species, and the type is at Sydney. A. corallipes is a familiar Tasmanian species, A. castanipes, Westw., and A. tibialis, Westw. (described by White, Clerid, IV. 60) placed in all catalogues known to me as Synonyms of A. wnstabilis, Newm. I consider this almost certainly wrong. It is possible the names were given to varieties of A. episcopalis, Spin., but the matter could not be ‘cleared up without examination of the types (which are no doubt in the Br. Museum). The following synonymy seems to be correct :— A. affinis, Gorh.—A. samaragdinus, Gorh. Its author says of afjfinis “* possibly ouly a var.” A. varicolor, Chevr.=A. multicolor, Chevr. Its author says of varicolor ‘“ probably only a var.” A. albofasciatus, Gorh.—A. ochrurus, Chevr. Mr. Gorham has already noted this synonymy. Both descriptions were. published in 1876, and it seems doubtful which has the priority. A. (Thanasmus) rufimanus, Gorh.=A. chrysurus, Chevr. Already noted by Mr. Gorham. A. splendidus, Chevr.—=A. sculptus, Macl. Already noted by Mr. Gorham. The following synonymy has not been noted previously :— A, ochrurus, VChevr. (==albofasciatus, Gorh.)=A. (Clerus) apicalis, Macl. (Macleay’s name has priority). A, viridissimus, Pasc. is (as more fully indicated below) pro- bably a synonym for A. (Clerus) delicatulus, Bohem. It should be added that in Herr Lohde’s Catalogue the name “auratus, Gory., il.” occurs as a synonym of A. instabilis, Newm. I do not know this insect, and have not seen the de- scription of it, so can express no opinion about it. Assuming the correctness of the above synorymic notes, 9 of the 27 names referred to above must be regarded as mere synonynis. Of the 18 names remaining I have been able to identify 14 with insects on which they appear to have been founded. The four that I have not been able to identify are :— A. foveicollis, Macl. Practically undescribed. A. imperialis, Gorh. Seems to be differently colored from any Aulicus known to me. The structural characters mentioned would fit many Auwliet. Fa 125 A. lemoides, Pase. I have not seen any Aulicws that will fit the description. The few structural characters mentioned are founded on a comparison with “ A. instabilis, Newm.,” but it is impossible to ascertain (without reference to his collection) to what Awlicus Pasc. attributed that name. I should conjecture A. lemoides to be possibly a var. of A. rufipes, Macl. A. mellinipes, Chevr. I am convinced that I have not seen this species. If the statement that its prothorax is longer than wide is strictly accurate (by measurenent) I am doubly sure that I have not seen it. In the following pages I describe nine new species of Aulicus and furnish notes on several of the previously described species. I also furnish a tabulation of all the species except the four remarked on above. In this tabulation I have found it necessary in several instances to rely upon colour distinctions, because in the case of species that I have identified only by means of the descriptions it might be misleading to characterise them by characters not actually mentioned in the descriptions, as there is of course a possibility of some of the identifications being wrong, —but, as it is, the tabulation is right according to the authors’ descriptions even if my identifications are wrong,—except in the case of instabilis, Newm., eprscopalis, Spin., delicatulus, Bohem, and corallipes, Chevr., of which I have not seen authentic speci- mens, but have assumed the correctness of my identification. I may say, however, that I have not the slightest doubt about all the species included in the tabulation being perfectly valid ones. The genus has been in so complete a state of confusion that it seems worth while to treat it as a whole (which has not been done before) in respect of its Australian members, even if my treat- ment of it should prove eventually to require a few corrections. Tabulation of species of the genus Aulicus -— A. Elytra variegated with different colouring or pubescence in transverse zones. B. At least one of the zones testaceous. C. The apex and a median (or submedian) zone testaceous e apicalis, Macl. CC. Elytra having only a median testaceous zone cresus, Blackb. CCC. Elytra having the base and a median zone testaceous. D. Prevailing colour of elytra bronzy-red,—no black ... Mastersi, Macl. DD. Prevailing colour of elytra black ... dives, Blackb. BB. No testaceous colouring on the elytra. C. Apical part of elytra not aureo-villose. D. Club of antennz black ... - ... multicolor, Chevr. DD. Club of antenne testaceous __... ... sculptus, Macl. CC. Apical part of elytra aureo-villose — chrysurus, Chevr. AA. Elytra not variegated with different colouring or pubescence in transverse zones. B. Antenne black oe Gi oe ... letus, Chevr. 126 BB. Antennz not black. C. Antenne reaching back to the base of the prothorax + te ue CC. Antenne shorter. D. Ninth and tenth elytral series quite dis- tinct from each other and separated by a well-defined interstice to aie middle ofelytra ... DD. Ninth and tenth elytral series not as in A. episcopalis. K. External face of tibie traversed bya well- defined entire longitudinal carina. F. Under surface of head and prothorax of dark colour. G. Seriate sculpture of elytra continu- ing (gradually enfeebled) to apex GG. Seriate sculpture of elytra ceases suddenly considerably before apex. H. No longitudinal sulcus on prono- tum behind thefronttransverse'’ sulcus “iad HH. A well - detined longitudinal sulcus on pronotum behind the front transverse sulcus... FF. Under surface of head and prothorax pale yellow _... EE. External face of tibiz not having a continuous longitudinal carina. F. The transverse sulci of the pronotum connected by a strong longitudinal sulcus. G. Transverse interstices of elytral foveole strongly cariniform and crossing several series ... GG. Transverse interstices of elytral foveole fine, Repco raised, and short FF. Transverse sulci of pronotum not connected by a strong longitudinal suleus, G. Front of clypeus not both notably narrower than interval between eyes and also much emarginate. H. Sculpture of elytra quasi-uniform from base to apex, only becoming gradually finer and closer (but not less pean in epee ne the apex... HH. Sculpture of ‘elytra “much en- feebled at base, gradually becoming towards apex more or less finer, but still continu- ing rugulose. I. Prothorax notably wider across apex than across base. (Legs entirely dark) ; II. Prothorax scarcely wider across apex than across base. instabilis, Newm. episcopalis, Spin. nigrohirtus, Blackb, smaragdinus, Gorh. robustus, Blackb. rujipes, Macl. Plutus, Chevr. delicatulus, Bohem. eremita, Blackb. amabilis, Blackb. 127 J. Pronotum closely evenly and somewhat strongly punc- tured. (Femora red)... cribratus, Blackb. JJ. Pronotum about middle of basal part very finely and very sparsely esti aba : (Femora dark) . modestus, Blackb. HHH. Sculpture of elytra much en- feebled at bare, and behind suddenly changing to fine non -rugulose (or scarcely rugulose) puncturation con- siderably before the apex. J. Femora entirely dark... ... mundus, Blackb. II. Femora testaceous or red ... corallipes, Chevr. GG. Front of clypeus considerably nar- rower than interval between eyes and also much emarginate parvulus, Blackh. _A. Cresus, sp. nov. Supra cupeo-purpureus, elytris mox ante medium fascia hig iptl (hac nec suturam nec marginem lateralem plane attingenti) ornatis, corpore subtus cceruleo, labro palpis antennisque testaceis, pedibus obscuris (tibiis anticis subtus et tarsis anticis dilutis ; pilis albidis elongatis sat sparsim vestitus; capite crebre fortiter subrugulose punctulato; antennis prothoracem medium vix attingenti- bus, articulo ultimo ad apicem emarginato; prothorace manifeste transverso, fere ut caput (sed antice minus crebre) punctulato, antice tubulato, ad partis tubulate basin trans- versim fortiter arcuatim sulcato, pone sulcum late concavo, in partis concave fundo longitudinaliter sulcato, mox ante basin transversim sulcato, lateribus inter sulcos transversos fortiter rotundatis; elytris 10-seriatim grosse foveolatis, seriebus basin versus vix minus distinctis vix elytrorum partem apicalem tertiam attingentibus, hac puncturis sat grossis confuse minus crebre impressa, seriebus 9* 10* que carina distincta ad elytrorum partem apicalem tertiam divisis. Long., 33 1.; lat., 153, 1. (vix). Thisspeciesis readily distinguishable fromall previously described Australian Aulici by its colour and marking. It will be convenient to compare it and others of its congeners with A. chrysurus, Chevr. (Thanasimus rufimanus, Gorh.), that being a previously described species which there can be no difficulty in identifying with certainty. Compared with it the present species inter alia differs as follows :—Autenne much shorter (joints 9 and 10 much more transverse, joint 11 much more emarginate at apex), pro- thorax more transverse with much more strongly rounded sides, fovee of the elytral series much larger (reaching the base and extending much further towards the apex). Its nearest ally is the species that I regard as A. episcopalis, Spin. (—=instabilis, 128 Spin. var.) from which it differs (apart from colour and markings) chiefly by its shorter and more convex form, the larger and less crowded fovez of its elytral series, the less abrupt cessation pos- teriorly of the same foveze, and their continuity to the actual base of the elytra. The antennz of these two species are ex- tremely similar, also the conspicuousness of the ninth and tenth series of fovez and their interstice te the commencement of the smooth apical part of the elytra. S. Australia (Yorke Peninsula). A. dwes, sp. nov. Cyaneus, elytrorum parte dimidia basali testacea utrinque macula magna atro-cyanea humerali ornata (parte dimidia apicali atro-cyanea utrinque macula magna sanguinea ante-apicali notata), antennis palpis tibiis anticis tibiarum intermediarum apice et tarsis anticis inter- mediisque testaceis ; pilis aibidis elongatis sparsim vestitus : capite fortiter minus crebre punctulato; antennis prothor- acem medium haud attingentibus, articulis 9°—11° trans- versis, 11° ad apicem leviter emarginato; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, fere ut caput (sed nonnihil magis grosse) punctulato, antice breviter tubulato, ad partis tubulate basin transversim fortiter arecuatim sulcato, pone sulcum late concavo, in partis concave fundo longitudinaliter sulcato, mox ante basin transversim sulcato, lateribus inter sulcos transversos sat fortiter rotundatis ; elytris 10-seriatim grosse foveolatis interstitiis minus angustis, seriebus basin versus obsoletis nec elytrorum partem apicalem tertiam attingenti- bus, hac sparsim sat subtiliter punctulata, seriebus 9* 10* que vix ultra elytra media attingentibus. lLong., 31.; lat., 14 1. (vix). In this species the apical joint of the maxillary palpi is more strongly securiform than in most of its congeners. Lacordaire tabulates Aulicus as having that joint securiform, but in diagnos- ing the genus says that it is of the form of an elongate triangle, which is quite correct as regards most of the species,—but in this one the triangle is scarcely elongate. It may be noted, too, that Lacordaire calls the claws of Aulicus “simple,” but I find them to have a very small and feeble sub-basal tooth which in the present species is scarcely traceable. This species is remarkable for its short antenne, having their apical joint distinctly trans- verse. The seriate punctures of the elytra are scarcely smaller than in A. crewsus but they are less sharply defined, their inter- stices being less narrow and carina-like than in most Aw/vcz. Apart from coloring and pattern the present species differs from A. chrysurus, inter ‘alia by the very much coarser seriate punc- tures of its elytra, from A. crwsus by the seriate puctures of the elytra not nearly reaching the base, from A. episcopalis by the 129 9th and 10th series scarcely passing the middle of the length of the elytra, and from A. apicalis, Macl., by the apical part of its elytra nearly black. It is perhaps nearest to A. (Clerus) Mastersi, Macl. The characters attributed to that species (apart from those relating to colour) are valueless for identification, being common to almost all Awlict. The pattern of A. Mastersi seems to bear a general resemblance to that of the present insect, but the general colour of the elytra is said to be “ bronzy red” which is certainly not the general colour in A. dives, and the very great distance apart of the localities in which the two insects were taken renders it unlikely that they are varieties of one species. S. Australia (Mt. Lofty Range). A, nigro-hirtus, sp. nov. Supra cceruleus purpureo-micans, sub- tus cyaneus, antennis (clava nonnihil infuscata excepta) pal- pis et tarsis anticis testaceis, tibiis anticis subtus ferrugineis, pedibus alibi purpureis; pilis sat elongatis (his in corpore supra obscuris, subtus albidis) vestitus ; capite crebre for- tius nec rugulose punctulato ; antennis prothoracem medium vix superantibus, articulo ultimo fere ut generis Eleale appendiculato; prothorace vix transverso, fere ut caput punctulato sed puncturis rugis transversis intermixtis, pos- tice breviter (sed antice nullo modo) tubulato, antice trans- versim arcuatim (postice recte) sulcato, inter sulcos equaliter convexo, lateribus ab angulis anticis fere ad basin eequaliter arcuatis ; elytris 10-seriatim foveolatis, seriebus 9* 10* que ultra medium vix distinctis ceteris in elytrorum partem quartam apicalem continuis, foveolis quam A. chrysuri, Chevr,, parum magis grossis, parte apicali confuse nec crebre punctulata ; tibiis extus carinatis. Long., 4 1. (vix) ; lat., 12 }. The notable characters of this species are the strongly appen- diculate apical joint of its antennze which is scooped out on its wide compressed face in such fashion as to make it from a certain point of view look like two joints, the pronotum without concavity or longitudinal sulcus behind the anterior transverse sulcus, and the tibiz with a conspicuous longitudinal carina on their external face. The fovez of the elytral series are notably less coarse and more closely placed than in the species I call episcopalis, Spinola ; the series (as such) are exceptionally conspicuous owing to the longi- tudinal interstices being distinctly more elevated than the inter- stices separating fovea from fovea in the series. Perhaps nearest to A. imperialis, Gorh., but evidently very distinct from it as that species is described as having its pronotum abruptly nar- rowed in front and much depressed dorsally. N. Queensland. A. instabilis, Newm. There seems to be much confusion about I 130 this species. It is quite clear to me that Spinola did not identify it correctly, and I should say that in all probability Newman himself mixed two species under the name. Newman’s very brief description mentions only one character that is of real value in determining what insect he had before him, viz., “ protibie subtus testaceew.” Trivial as this character might seem I have examined sufficiently long series of several Awlici to enable me to say that it is of great value. To this clue may’ be added another in the fact that almost all the Cleride described by Newman are Victorian species, and still another in the size (long., 4; of an inch) being stated. Now I have taken somewhat plenti- fully in Victoria two species of Aulicus whose front tibie are invariably black (or dark piceous) on their upper surface and testaceous beneath, the two colours being in quite abrupt and conspicuous contrast. My opinion is that Newman had both these insects before him and did not observe their specific differ- ence. One of them is about of the size Newman quotes, and of deep violet blue colour with elongate antenne,—the other is decidedly smaller and of a bright green colour with shorter antenne. Newman says “Colore instabilis, nunc viridis, nunc violaceus” and mentions no other character that is not generic except the peculiar colouring of the front legs. As the size given is that of the larger insect just referred to I feel little doubt of its having been that on which the species instabilis was founded and conjecture that either Newman had before him also a green variety (unknown to me) of it, or that he had before him the smaller species referred to above and overlooked its specific difference from the specimen on which he founded his description (or at all events his measurement). I feel very little doubt that A. instabilis, Spinola, is a species that occurs in many parts of S. Australia and even extends into the S.-Eastern part of Western Australia, and is much more variable in colouring than I have found the species to be which I regard as instabilis, Newm. Its front tibia are not of two colours divided longitudinally, but are (as Spinola describes them) wholly dark except near the apex where they have a ten- dency to become testaceous. The species differs from that men- tioned above as instabilis, Newm., inter alia by its shorter antenne, and the considerably larger seriate punctures of its elytra which moreover are well defined on a larger area of the elytra (becoming obsolete only close to the base and in the apical one-fourth), the ninth and tenth rows being separated by a continuous distinct carina quite into the apical one-fourth of the elytra. As Spinola described a colour-var. of this insect under the name episcopalis, this latter may now stand as the name of the species. 131 A, robustus, sp. nov. Sat elongatus, sat convexus; supra ign 0 _ cupreus, capite pronotoque paullo obscurioribus, antennis palpisque testaceis (illarum clava et palporum labialium articulo apicali obscuris); subtus obscurus vel atro-cyaneus, pedibus lete cyaneis, tarsis anticis ferrugineis ceteris pice- scentibus; pilis pallidis elongatis vestitus; capite fortius sat crebre punctulato, inter oculos late leviter impresso ; antennis prothoracem medium paullo superantibus, articulis 9° 10° que sat transversis 11° obovato ad apicem acuto extus leviter excavato ; prothorace vix transverso, supra sparsim fortius inzqualiter nec rugulose punctulato, sat longe pone apicem arcuatim (et mox ante basin recte) sulcato, pone sulcum anticum longitudinaliter profunde breviter canalicu- lato, lateribus ante sulcum anticum et inter sulcos separatim rotundatis ; elytris 10-seriatim foveolatis (seriebus 9* et 10* haud carina acuta divisis), foveolis fere a basi ad partem posticam tertiam continuis (hic subito desinentibus), parte apicali subtiliter vix seriatim punctulata, serierum intersti- tiis a foveolarum interstitiis transversis tubatis ; tibiis extus longitudinaliter carinatis. Long., 4—4}1.; lat., 14-121. This species bears much general resemblance to that which I take to be A. Plutus, Chevr., but differs from it inter alia by the much shorter longitudinal channel of its pronotum, by the much less coarse sculpture of its elytra, and by the well-marked longi- tudinal carina that traverses the whole length of the external face of its tibiz. N.S. Wales (Inverell; given to me by the late Mr. Olliff). A. mundus, sp. nov. Minus elongatus, minus convexus; lete cyaneus, antennis palpis et tibiis tarsisque anticis testaceis, tibiis tarsisque posterioribus 4 picescentibus; pilis sat elongatis fulvis vestitus ; capite crebre ruguloso, inter oculos fovea profunda impresso, antennis prothoracem medium paullo superantibus, articulis 9° 10° que sat fortiter trans- versis 11° obovato; prothorace vix transverso, supra crebre rugulose punctulato, pone apicem arcuatim (et ante basin recte) sulecato, pone sulcum anticum longitudinaliter brevis- _ sime canaliculato, lateribus ante sulcum anticum et inter sulcos separatim rotundatis ; elytris 10-seriatim foveolatis (interstitio inter series 9 et 10°™ ultra elytra media haud cariniformi), foveolis in parte basali obsoletis et subito ad partem apicalem tertiam desinentibus, parte apicali subtiliter vix seriatim punctulata, serierum interstitiis a foveolarum interstitiis transversis turbatis. Long., 31.; lat., 1 1. Very closely allied to A. amabilis, Blackb., but satisfactorily distinguishable by the absence of the subscutellar gibbosity on 132 the elytra and the sudden ending of the seriate foveole of the elytra at the beginning of the apical one-third part of the elytra. There is also a difference in the apical joint of the antenne on which in A. amabilis there is a distinct external excavation (but not in the present species). The seriate foveole of the elytra are in both very similar to those of A. chryswrus, Chevr. Also (dis- regarding colour) near to A. corallipes, Chevr., but differing from it inter alia by the seriate sculpture extending scarcely into the apical one-third of the elytra, while in corallipes it reaches nearly into the apical one-fourth. S. Australia (Mount Lofty Range). A. (Clerus) delicatulus, Bohem. I have taken an Aulicus in the Sydney neighbourhood which I have no doubt is Bohemann’s species. It does not seem to present very strong characters, its most striking feature being I think the comparatively feeble sculpture of its elytra, which consists of rows of transversely quadrate impressions separated by continuous longitudinal inter- stices which are (not, as they are in A. chrysurus, Chevr., thrown out of shape or zigzagged by still stronger transverse interstices running continuously across several of the rows but) straight. In respect of that sculpture it resembles A. nigrohirtus, but in that species the fovez are considerably larger and deeper, and the interstices (both longitudinal and transverse) are considerably stronger and more cariniform ; in delicatulus the longitudinal interstices are almost flat, and carry a straight row of fine and not very closely placed punctures. The sculpture of the median part of the elytra does not in A. delicatulus abruptly cease or change its character at a more or less considerable distance from the apex (as it does in many species of Aulicus) but merely becomes near the apex a little feebler and less seriate. The hind tibie and tarsi are unusually slender, which suggests the idea that A. viridissimus, Pasc. (also from Sydney) may be a later name for the same insect. Pascoe’s statement that in A. viridissimus the elytra are “coarsely” punctured in rows seems perhaps inconsistent with such identity, but the expression is not altogether inapplicable to the elytra of the insect before me absolutely, although comparatively (i.e., compared with most other Aulici) the sculpture is not coarse. Some remarks seems to be called for on my having placed delicatulus in my tabulation (above) with A. Plutus, Chevr., as having the longitudinal channel of the pronotum exceptionally long, whereas Bohemann says of its pronotum “ breviter canaliculato.” Bohemann calls it by the name “ Olerus,” however, and it isin comparison with that of other Aulici that I call the longitudinal channel of its pro- notum elongate. Absolutely, the channel may be called “short” as it does not reach the base, and does not nearly reach the front margin, of the pronotum. 133 A. eremita, sp. nov. Elongatus, sat angustus, sat convexus ; colore instabilis; antennis palpisque testaceis, pedibus obseuris, tarsis anticis plus minusve ferrugineis; pilis elonga- tis vestitus (his in eapite pronoto elytrisque fulvis, alibi dilutioribus); eapite inzequali, ineequaliter punctulato, longi- tudinaliter sat manifeste rugato, clypeo antice subtruncato quam inter oculos caput haud angustiori; antennis prothor- acem medium manifeste superantibus, articulis 9° 10° que transversis 11° ovato ad apicem acuto; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori, supra inequaliter subtilius punctulato et transversim subtiliter rugato, sat longe pone apicem arcuatim (et mox ante basin recte) suleato, pone sulcum anticum longitudinaliter breviter vix perspicue canaliculato, lateribus ante sulcum antieum et inter sulcos separatim rotundatis ; elytris 10-seriatim foveolatis (seriebus 9* 10° que ultra medium vix distinctis), foveolis a basi fere ad apicem con- tinuis sed in parte quarta postica gradatim minus seriatis minus quadratis, serierum interstitiis a foveolarum inter- stitiis transversis multo turbatis. Long., 241.; lat. 11. (vix). I found a batch of specimens of this insect on flowers on the Dividing Range in Victoria, which vary extremely in coloring, containing green, blue, coppery, and golden individuals. The legs are usually of the general colour,—but always dark, except the front tarsi which are more or less red. The antenne palpi and pilosity do not vary in colour. Usually the whole surface is unicolorous, but in some examples the pronotum differs in colour from the elytra and the under surface from the upper. Among the species not having a variegated pattern on the elytra, having dark legs and testaceous antenne, the ninth and tenth rows of elytral foveole confused behind the middle, the elytral sculpture not abruptly ceasing (or nearly so) considerably before the apex, the antennz not reaching back to the base of the prothorax, and having the symmetry of the longitudinal interstices of the elytra much disturbed by transverse interstices continuous across several of the longitudinal interstices, this insect is distinguished by its clypeus being in front as wide as the interval between the eyes and its elytral sculpture being continuous quite to the base o the elytra. It is also notable by the unevenness of the surface of its head, and by its elongate somewhat cylindric form. Victoria (Dividing Range), A. amabilis, sp. nov. Minus elongatus, minus convexus ; lete viridis, antennis palpis, tibiis anticis subtus et tarsis anticis testaceis ; supra pilis elongatis obscuris et brevibus testaceis (alibi pilis elongatis pallidis) vestitus ; capite sat plano, inter oculos foveato, equaliter crebre ruguloso, clypeo antice fere 134 truncato quam interoculos caput haud angustiori ; antennis. prothoracem medium paullo superantibus, articulis 9° 10° que transversis 11° ovato ad apicem acuto extus leviter excavato; prothorace leviter transverso, sat squaliter fere ut caput ruguloso, sat longe pone apicem arcuatim (et mox ante basin recte) sulcato, pone sulcum anticum late impresso (parte impressa in fundo longitudinaliter canaliculata), lateribus ante sulcum anticum et inter sulcos separatim for- titer rotundatis ; elytris 10-seriatim foveolatis (interstitio inter series 9°" 10°™ que parum ultra medium distincto), prope scutellum utrinque et ad humeros inanifeste tumidis, foveolis (serie subsuturali excepta) in parte basali obsoletis et in parte apicali tertia confusis et minus distinctis nec manifeste quadratis, serierum interstitiis a foveolarum inter- stitiis transversis multo turbatis. Long., 22 1.; lat., 1 1. In this species the discal sculpture of the elytra becomes con- fused and feeble towards the apex more rapidly than in the other species of the aggregate which I have tabulated as having this sculpture only gradually enfeebled,—so that it is somewhat intermediate between that aggregate and the next. Its general characters associate it with A. eremita from which it differs in many points (cited in the description), the most definite being perhaps that mentioned in the tabulation,—the seriate fovex of the elytra commencing considerably behind the base of the elytra. It is a shorter and more depressed species than A. eremita and does not seem to vary in colour (I have half a dozen specimens taken in company). The part of the prothorax in front of the anterior transverse sulcus is so strongly rounded separately at its sides that the lateral outline of the prothorax (viewed from above) seems to have a deep emargination a little behind its front extremity. A. parvulus, Blackb., is somewhat closely allied to this and the preceding species (4. eremita), but is easily distinguished from them by inter alia its clypeus considerably narrower in front and strongly emarginate, and by the transverse interstices of its elytral fovez being so strong and continuous as almost to conceal the existence of the longitudinal interstices. Victorian Alps. A. cribratus, sp. nov. Modice elongatus, minus convexus ; supra cyaneus, antennis palpis et (tibiis tarsisque posterioribus nigris exceptis) pedibus testaceis; subtus cyaneus vel viridescens ; pilis elongatis (his in corpore supra obscuris, in corpore subtus albidis) vestitus ; capite confertim squaliter ruguloso, inter oculos fovea impresso ; antennis prothoracem medium parum superantibus, articulis 9° 10° que transversis 11° obovato ad apicem acuto ; prothorace quam latiori sub- longiori, ut caput punctulato, sat longe pone apicem » eas 135 arcuatim (et mox ante basin recte) sulcato, pone sulcum anticum longitudinaliter brevissime canaliculato, lateribus ante sulcum anticum et inter sulcos separatim rotundatis ; elytris 10-seriatim foveolatis (interstitio inter series 9°™ et 10°" ultra elytra media haud cariniformi), foveolis per elytra tota fere continuis sed apicem versus haud quadratis minus crassis, serierum interstitiis a foveolarum interstitiis trans- versis turbatis. Long., 34 1., lat., 131. This species is closely allied to A. corallipes, Chevr., but is certainly a distinct species. In a considerable number of speci- mens before me the hind tibiz and tarsi are invariably black, the intermediate tarsi invariably black, and the intermediate tibiz invariably more or less black. The few specimens I have seen of corallipes (from Tasmania) all have entirely red legs. There is also considerable and constant difference in the sculpture of the elytra which in cribratus begins close to the base and attains the apex, only becoming finer and less regular near the apex (so that this species has about the strongest apical puncturation of any in the genus) ; while in corallipes the sculpture begins considerably behind the base and changes suddenly at the commencement of the apical third of the elytra into a feeble non-rugulose punctura- tion. S. Australia and N.S. Wales. A. modestus, sp. nov. Angustus, elongatus, modice convexus ; supra obscure eneus, antennis palpisque testaceis, subtus obscure cyaneus; pilis elongatis (his in corpore supra obscuris, in corpore subtus albidis) vestitus ; capite antice crebre ruguloso, postice minus crebre punctulato, inter oculos fovea impresso; antennis prothoracem medium vix attin- gentibus, articulis 9° 10° que transversis 11° obovato ad apicem acuto; prothorace vix transverso, inequaliter (in medio fortius sat crebre, apicem basinque versus subtilius sparsius) punctulato, in medio transversim rugato, sat longe pone apicem arcuatim (et mox ante basin recte) sulcato, pone sulcum anticum longitudinaliter minus breviter canaliculato, lateribus ante sulcum anticum et inter sulcos separatim rotundatis ; elytris 10-seriatim foveolatis (interstitio inter series 9°°.10™ que haud cariniformi), foveolis basin versus obsoletis apicem versus gradatim minus quadratis minus seriatis magis confertis, serierum interstitiis a foveolarum interstitiis transversis turbatis. Long., 34 1.; lat., 1 1. Var. (Jimmat.) pedibus sordide testaceis. This species is closely allied to A. eremita, Blackb. It differs from that insect in colour which is (invariably in all the exam- ples I have seen) dull bronzy above and blackish (tending to cyaneous) beneath, the antennz and palpi testaceous, the front 136 tarsi somewhat ferruginous,—eremita being a brilliantly coloured and much more nitid insect. In eremita the seriate sculpture of the elytra reaches the actual base without any enfeeblement whatever so that there is no indication of the base of the elytra being more nitid than the rest of the surface, while in modestus on the basal portion of the elytra the seriate sculpture becomes very faint and sparse, so that that region is conspicuously more nitid than the general surface. In eremita the transverse carine separating fovea from fovea in the series are stronger than in modestus and more elongate (a greater number of them being continuous across several series of foveole), causing the elytra to appear very manifestly more coarsely rugulose ; and in eremita the whole -surface of the head is vaguely uneven, while in modestus the surface of the head is flat with merely a single fovea-like impression between the eyes. S. Australia and Victoria. SCROBIGER. Chevrolat (Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1874, p. 34) refers Opilo merens, Westw., to this genus. His statement does not appear to have been founded on an inspection of the type, and I believe it to be erroneous. According to the size given by its author it is a very much smaller insect than any known Serobiger, and inter alia its pronotum is very differently sculptured from that of other species of that genus and its palpi are all subequal. I presume that Chevrolat’s reason for regarding merens as a Scrobiger is Westwood’s calling its elytra in the front part “rude punctato-striata.” This phrase, however, is used by Westwood for elytra (e.g., those of Cleromorpha) which are infinitely less coarsely sculptured than those of Scrobiger. Westwood’s locality for merens is Adelaide, and I think I am fairly well acquainted with the Cleridé of the Adelaide district. I have seen only one Olerid which agrees with Westwood’s description, -viz., the intro- duced Tarsostenus univittatus, Rossi, and that insect agrees with it very well and occurs near Adelaide. I have no doubt, there- fore, that the name Opilo merens must be regarded as a synonym of 7. univittatus. . NEOSCROBIGER (gen. nov. Cleridarum). Palporum articulus apicalis securiformis ; caput breve; labrum transversum antice emarginatum; antennz modice (pro- thoracis basin vix superantes), clava sat laxe 3-articulata ; oculi modici, supra inter se distantes, subtiliter granulati, transversim eubreniformes ; prothorax sat elongatus, postice angustum tubuliformis, supra pone apicem transversim sulcatus ; elytra sat elongata, quam trans basin lata plus quam duplo longiora, equalia, in parte apicali fere dimidia 137 sublevia ; pedes sat elongati, femoribus posticis elytrorum apicem plane vel fere attingentibus tarsis 5-articulatis, articulo basali (tarsorum omnium) superne haud manifesto, articulo ultimo robusto precedenti parum exserto, ungui- culis parvis simplicibus divaricatis ; corpus modice elongatum, capillis erectis vestitum. Type Opilo patricius, Klug (sernotatus, Westw.). O. patricius, Klug, cannot be rightly placed in any hitherto characterised genus. Its finely granulated eyes separate it strongly from Opilo; its tarsi (all apparently four-jointed,— owing to the basal joint being concealed,—when viewed from above), the securiform apical joint of its maxillary palpi, and its pronotum transversely sulcate near the front, in combination associate it with the Scrobiger group of genera. Among those genera its mesosternum not vertica] in front, its elytra neither fasciculate nor tuberculate and having a large apica) space nitid and almost unpunctured, and its form (the elytra considerably more than twice as long as at the base wide) are sufficient to -distinguish it. Characters such as these appear to me certainly entitled to be treated as generic in the Cleride, a family in which many ‘structural characters seem to be of less value than they are in most families, Metabasis and Thanasimomorpha, e.g. (also Tarsostenus and Paratillus) being so much like each other respectively that it seems strange to separate them widely, and yet having a totally different tarsal structure one from another. No doubt structural differences must have their full weight, and it is out of the question to associate under one generic name species having such, but much study of the Australian Cleride satisfies me that it is also out of the question to associate under one generic name (at least as far as the Australian Cleride are concerned) species differing widely in facies and sculpture because one cannot find important differences in the structure of the eyes, palpi, tarsi, &c. Aulicus, Trogodendron, Scrobiger, and the present genus, undoubtedly resemble each other closely in structural characters, but each has so distinctive and constant a facies and type of sculpture that it seems unreasonable to merge any two of them under one generic name. Probably when their life histories and habits are fully known it will be found that each of these genera mimics the facies of the group of insects on which it is parasitic. NV rauciceps, sp. nov. Sat elongatus, postice sat dilatatus; sat nitidus ; zneo-niger, labro antennis palpis tibiis tarsisque rufis, elytris ante medium macula discoidali et ad medium fascia sat lata albidis ornatis (parte apicali rufescenti dense albido pubescenti); capite confertim subgrosse ruguloso, 138 palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo leviter,’securiformi, antennis prothoracis basin paullo superantibus ; prothorace quam latiori vix longiori, supra antice ut caput (in disco retrorsum gradatim minus crebre) ruguloso, inzquali (antice angulatim mox ante basin recte transversim sulcato, pone sulcum anticum impresso, ante basin 3-tuberculato), lateri- bus mediis fortiter rotundato dilatatis; elytris a basi ultra medium seriatim sat grosse foveolatis, alibi levibus. Long., 41.; lat., 1,3, 1. Much resembling WV. (Opile) sexnotatus, Westw., but with the apical joint of the maxillary palpi so feebly securiform as to suggest generic distinction. Compared: with sexrnotatus the markings on the elytra are whitish instead of yellow, the sub- apical spot wanting but the whole apex faintly reddish and densely clothed with whitish pubescence; the femora entirely dark ; the head and pronotum much more strongly rugulose, the surface of the latter being considerably more uneven behind ; the elytra narrower at the base and consequently more dilated near the apex. Ido not find any structural difference between this species and seanotatus except that in the maxillary palpi and a trifle less elongation of the hind femora. Victoria (Dividing Range). EBURIPHORA, This generic name must be removed from the Australian Catalogue, as its presence there rests on the authority of Klug’s Opilus patricius having been referred to Hburiphora. This Tas- manian insect is clearly identical with Westwood’s O. sexnotatus (also from Tasmania,—a species discussed above) and is certainly not an Hburiphora (inter alia it has not appendiculate claws). As Klug’s is the older name the species must be known as patricia, Klug. TARSOSTENUS. I do not believe that any member of this genus is native to Australia. I have myself taken and recorded the occurrence of T. univittatus, Rossi, near Adelaide, but it is no doubt introduced from some other country. The following notes relate to the three really Australian species that have been attributed to the genus. T. Mastersi, Macl. The description does not read at all like that of an insect very closely resembling TZarsostenus ; and if Macleay’s statement ‘‘ eyes coarsely granulate” be correct, the word “coarsely” being used in the sense Lacordaire uses it of Clerid genera, the species cannot be placed even near Tarsostenus. T. zonatus, Blanch, This species is certainly identical with Paratillus (Olerus) carus, Newm. Newman’s name has priority. T. pulcher, Macl. The description of this insect does not 139 suggest the idea of a Zarsostenus ; indeed Macleay himself says that the insect has the appearance of a Tillus. I suspect, how- ever, that it is congeneric with the species described below as Tarsostenodes simulator. TARSOSTENODES (gen. nov. Cleridarum). Palporum articulus apicalis securiformis; labrum transversum antice emarginatum ; antenne modice (prothoracis basin vix superantes), clava 3-articulata distincta articulis precedenti- bus 4 conjunctis longitudine sat quali; oculi modici, supra inter se sat distantes, fortiter convexi, sat subtiliter granu- lati, subrotundati, antice emarginati; prothorax elongatus, antice elongato-globulosus_ postice sub - tubuliformis (Homemote prothoracem simulans); elytra longissima angusta apicem versus sat abrupte (nonnihil globulose) dilatata, nec tuberculata nec fasciculata, notulis eburneis, ornata; pedes sat elongati, femoribus posticis elytrorum apicem haud attingentibus, tarsis 5-articulatis, articulo basali (tarsorum omnium) superne haud manifesto; ungui- culis subappendiculatis; corpus angustissimum, capillis erectis vestitum. The insect for which I propose this name mimics in a very remarkable manner Longicorn genera such as Homemota or Zoedia, in company with which I found it on flowers. I think it should be placed near Tarsostenus, from which inter alia the raised ivory-like markings on its elytra readily distinguish it. Clerus guttulus, White, is a member of this genus. TL. simulator, sp. nov. Subopacus; lete viridis, labro palpis antennis pedibus scutello et pectore rufo-testaceis, elytris (basi apiceque late viridibus exceptis) rufo-cupreis, his lineis elevatis eburneis binis obliquis ornatis (sc. linea brevi ante- mediana a margine externo retrorsum, et linea longiori post: mediana a margine externo antrorsum, directis); capite pronoteque confertim subtilius rugulosis; elytris a basi ultra medium equaliter vix lineatim confertim sat grosse (alibi quam pronotnm paullo magis subtiliter) rugulosis. Long., 4 1. (vix); lat., 1 1. Very different from 7. (Clerus) guttulus, White, in its colours and markings; also, inter alia, by the notably wider club of its antenne. Victoria (Dividing Range). HYDNOCERA, This generic name must drop out of the Australian Catalogue, H. bella, Westw., having been recently shown by Herr Schenk- ling (Deutsch. Ent. Zeit, 1898, p. 180) to be a Lemidia. 140 PYLUS. P. anthicoides, Newm., has been stated by Gorham (Tr. Ent, Soc., Lond., 1878, p. 154) to be an African species,—an assertion that is accepted by Lohde in his recent Catalogue. Newman certainly implies that it is Australian. Probably he was in error as to the place of capture,—or the specimen was an accidentally imported one. I have not seen any Australian Clerid agreeing with Newman’s description. TENEBRIONID/L. HY POCILIBE. HI, veternosa, sp. nov. Late ovata; minus opaca; nigra, anten- nis apicem versus et tarsis subtus picescentibus ; vix perspicue punctulato; clypeo utrinque vix perspicue impresso, antice late muanifeste emarginato ; prothorace quam Jongiori ut 16 ad 9 (postice quam antice, ut 8 ad 6) latiori, antice modice emarginato (margine antico in parte mediana late recto), fortiter (a latere viso) convexo, lateribus modice arcuatis postice sinuatis, angulis anticis minus (posticis fortiter) acutis ; scutello perlato, utrinque postice late profunde impresso ; elytris (a latere visis) valde con- vexis, leviter reticulatim strigosis, quam prothorax ut 12 ad 84 latioribus, lateribus rotundatis anguste reflexis, postice alte declivibus ; tibiis intus haud tomentosis; coxis anteri- oribus 4 pubescentibus. Long., 8 1; lat., 441. Differs from H. Macleayi, Bates, by the elytra without any trace of cost (even at the suture) and from H. impunctata, H. Rutenb., by the very distinct (though faintly impressed) reticula- tion of the elytra which is due to the presence of numerous wrinkles irregularly traversing the surface. The strongly convex form of the pronotum causing its outline (viewed from the side) to appear very strongly declivous in its hinder one-fourth, the extremely convex elytra (with their greatest height—viewed from the side—considerably behind the middle), the clypeus dis- tinctly emarginate in front, the scutellum deeply excavated on either side in the hinder part, and the densely pubescent anterior 4 coxe, are characters that in combination distinguish this species from all its described congeners (excluding the two already mentioned,—of which I have not seen examples). It is nearest to H. heroina, Blackb., which, however, is a much larger and more nitid insect, with the clypeus rounded in front, the surface of the scutellum even, the reflexed edging of the elytra notably wider, &e., We. S. Australia (Basin of Lake Eyre); taken by Herr Koch near Farina. 141 CURCULIONID Ai. ALCIDES. A. terreregine, sp. nov. Sat parallelus; sat cylindricus ;. castaneus, prothorace antennis tarsis et corpore subtus obscurioribus ; pronoto ad latera dense albo-squamoso ;. elytris maculis quinis albo-squamosis ornatis (sc. 1* basali lineari longitudinali in interstitio 3° sita, 2* parva in interstitio 7° hujus ad longitudinis medium sita, 3* post- mediana in interstitio 3° sita, 4* quam 3* vix posteriori in interstitio 7° sita, 5° subapicali in interstitio 4° sita), corpore subtus plus minusve dense albo-squamoso; rostro modice elongato leviter arcuato ; prothorace quam in medio longiori paullo latiori, subquadrato, sat crebre ruguloso; scutello punctiformi; elytris striatis, striis grossissime nec crebre punctulatis, interstitiis sat angustis sat rugulose punctulatis 5. femoribus subtus dente magno serrato armatis; tibiis arcuatis ; segmento ventrali 2° quam 3" paullo longiori. Long. (rostr. excl.) 2£1.; lat., 1 1. This little species is very distinct from all ,its congeners of which I have been able to see the descriptions; from all its descriked Australian congeners it differs widely, inter alia, by the markings of its elytra, which consist of 5 spots on each elytron, one of them being an elongate line on the basal portion of the 3rd interstice and there being no spots on the suture or lateral margins. In shape it closely resembles A. brevicollis, Pasc. (as figured in Ann. Mus. Gen., 1885, 'I.I., fig. 7), but with the prothorax very much less transverse. In one of the examples. before me there are traces of a scaly spot near the middle of the base of the pronotum. Queensland (near Charters Towers). ANTHRIBID A, This family is somewhat numerously represented in Australia,. though but few of its genera seem to be plentiful in species and but few of its species plentiful in individuals. Its Australian genera (including the new ones I form in the following pages): having more than doubled in number since the issue of Masters’ Catalogue in 1886, it seems desirable to furnish a table showing their relation inter se. In trying to meet this requirement T have in the main followed the lines of Lacordaire’s classification,. adopting his principal division based upon the position of the scrobes in which the antenne are inserted, and also his principal division of the larger group (Pleurocéres,—having the scrobes lateral) into two aggregates with the transverse carina of the: pronotum (a) antebasal (5) basal. Lacordaire’s principal character for dividing the second main group (Anocéres) does not at present- 142 concern us, since the second aggregate of that group has not been reported as Australian. Beyond this I have not strictly followed Lacordaire, as his principal (so far as concerns the Australian Anthribide) subdivisions of the two main aggregates of the Pieurocéres,—based on the width of the rostrum at its base and the more or less cylindric form of the body,—seem to shade off into each other in a somewhat perplexing manner. _[{ Lacordaire, e.g., tabulates the true Anthribides as of oblong or oval,—con- trasted with cylindric,—form, but in the detailed diagnoses of their genera calls some of them “almost cylindric,” ‘“ subcylin- dric,” and even unreservedly ‘‘cylindric.”| I have adopted in the place of those characters others which Lacordaire treats as subordinate to them, founded on (a) the relation between the upper and lower edge of the rostral scrobe, in the one case the lower edge protruding outwards further than the upper edge or the upper edge cutting into the lateral margin of the rostrum, so that the scrobe is visible from above ; in the other case the upper edge not cutting into the lateral margin of the rostrum and the lower edge not protruding outwards beyond the upper, and the scrobe consequently being entirely invisible from above (6) the form of the eye. / Of the Anthribid genera known as Australian I have been able to include in the following tabulation all except Telala,—which is a genus characterised by Mr. Jordan (Ent. Z. Stett, 1895, p. 143). I do not think that it is represented among the Anthribide before me, and as its author does not say whether the rostral scrobes are visible from above I cannot place it in my tabulation without seeing it. It is founded on a species of moderately large size, with spinose elytra. Tabulation of the Anthribid genera known to be Australian :— A. Antenne inserted on the side of the rostrum. B. A transverse carina (independent of the base) on the pronotum. C. Prosternum and mesosternum elevated and contiguous aes ae at : CC. Prosternum and mesosternum not as in Bythoprotus. D. Rostral scrobes visible from above, and not basal vertical and sulciform. E. Eyes small and very elongate. F. Carina of pronotum strongly arched ... Ancylotropis. FF. Carina of pronotum straight... ... Genethila. EE. Eyes not as in the preceding two genera. F. Eyes approximate on the forehead ... Litocerus. FF. Eyes lateral, and distantfrom one another. G. Carina of pronotum straight ... ... Ethneca. GG. Carina of pronotum strongly arched ... Commista, DD. Rostral scrobes not visible from above unless they are basal vertical and sulciform. E. Eyes entire or nearly so. Bythoprotus. 143 F. Rostral scrobes slightly visible from above, basal, vertical, and sulciform. G. Club of antenne 4-jointed __... ... Eucorynus. GG. Club of antennez 3-jointed ... Keelonerus. FF. Rostral scrobes quite invisible from above. G. Rostral scrobes distinctly sulciform. H. The rostrum forms a perfectly even surface with the head ... Entromus. HH. The rostrum is on a different plane from the head wis ... Epargemus. GG. Rostral scrobes foveiform. H. Metasternum not extremely short. I. Antenne notably shorter than head and prothorax. J. Joint 9 of antennz ont wider than 8 ‘ Enspondus. JJ. Joint 9 of antenne as wide as joint 10. K. Antennal club compact Tropideres. KK. Antennal club loosely articu- late : Apatenia. II. Antenne considerably longer than head and prothorax ... ... Cacephatus. HH. Metasternum extremely short ... Xynotropis. EE. Eyes strongly emarginate : Xenocerus. BB. The transverse carina of the -pronotum coincides with the base (at any rate in the middle). C. Rostral scrobes strongly sulciform; antenne notably shorter than head and prothorax ... Basitropis. CC. Rostral scrobes and antenne not as in Basitropis. D. Front cox widely separated from one another. E. Rostrum emarginate at apex and not sree an even surface with the head ... Phleobius, EE. Rostrum truncate at apex and forming an even surface with the head _... Streneoderma. DD. Front coxe subcontiguous or very narrowly separated. E. Antenne not reaching the base of the pro- thorax, and more or less stout. F. Rostral scrobes visible from above ... Ozotomerus. FF. Rostral scrobes not visible from above... Cratoparis. EE. Antenne reaching much beyond base of prothorax (at any rate in male) and ex- tremely slender. F. Joint 3 of antennz at least twice as long as 1 and 2 together. G. Basal joint of hind tarsi notably longer than 2 and 3 together Exillis. GG. Basal joint of hind tarsi about equal to 2 and 3 together... Euciodes, FF. Joint 3 of antennz about equal to 1 and 2 together ... Notecia. AA. Antennz insertedonthe upper surface of the rostrum. B. Eyes rounded or widely oval, somewhat finely granulate. C. Apex of front tibiz with a strong ae pee cular to the axis of the tibia Arzocorynus, CC. Apex of front tibize normal. 144 D. Eyes very large and prominent. Antennz equal in length to two-thirds of body ... Misthosima. DD. Eyes much smaller and less convex. Antenne half as long as body. K. Front tarsi very long and wide ... ... Doticus. EEK. Front tarsi much shorter and narrower ... Arocerus. BB. Eyes narrow and elongate, coarsely granulate ... Arzocerodes, EUCORYNUS. The following species seems to belong to this genus, which has not as yet been recorded as Australian. The presence of an ante-basal carina on its pronotum together with the width of its rostrum (not narrower at its hbase than the head) and the sulci- form character of its antennal scrobes refer it to M. Lacordaire’s “ oroupe” Heelonerides. In that ‘ groupe” the four-jointed club of its antennex refers it to Hucorynus, and I do not find anything in M. Lacordaire’s diagnosis of the genus inconsistent with the characters of the insect described below, except in the antenne of the insect being somewhat shorter than they should be accord- ing to the diagnosis. EH. Mastersi, sp. nov. Cylindricus ; nigro-piceus, antennis (clava excepta) tarsisque rufis; pube picea vestitus, hac pube alba et setulis erectis piceis et aliis albis maculatim variegata ; capite rostroque crebre subgrosse equaliter punctulatis ; pronoto leviter transverso, ut caput punctulato, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus sat arcuatis; elytris leviter striatis, striis fortiter nec crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis vix perspicue punctulatis ; antennis robustis prothor- acis basin attingentibus, articulis 1° 2° que quam 3” paullo brevioribus, 4° 3° sat eequali, 5°—7° paullo brevioribus, 8°— 11° clavam compactam depressam (hac quam articuli 4"*°—7™ conjuncti paullo breviori) formantibus. Long., 41.; lat., 13 1. The erect setz are fine and recurved and are piceous or white according to the colour of the depressed pubescence among which they are situated. The white spots are,—about 5 moderately large on the head, a considerable number (all small) on the pronotum, a considerable number (all small except a larger one on the shoulder) on the front half of the elytra, and a large one and a number of small ones on the apical one-third of the elytra. The tibiz and abdomen are prettily variegated with piceous and white pubescence, and there is much scattered white pubescence on the rostrum. The two examples before me are probably females, which may account for their antenne being shorter than in the specimens of Hucorynus examined by Lacordaire, which he believed to be males. : Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Masters and Mr. Cowley. OS 145 ENTROMUS (gen. nov. Anthribidarum). Caput transversum ; rostrum planum depressum, quam latius sublongius, antice emarginatum, ad basin quam caput haud angustius, scrobibus obtectis foveiformibus sed oblique retrorsum (ut sulci male definiti) productis; antenne graciles, prothoracem medium paullo superantes, articulis basalibus 2 paullo incrassatis (2° quam 1" multo longiori), 3° 2° longitudine equali, 3°—8° gradatim brevioribus, 9°— 11° clavam oblongam formantibus, 9° obconico vix trans- verso, 10° brevi sat transverso, 11° leviter transversim obovato; oculi parvi integri sat subtiliter granulati ; pro- thorax vix transversus, vix inzqualis (basin versus trans- versim rugatus), sat convexus, antice minus fortiter angustatus, carina antebasali male definita cum _ rugis transversis adjacentibus subconfusa, in prothoracis lateribus vix perspicue producta ; scutellum sat parvum; elytra lata depressa, ingequalia, leviter striata, striis punctulatis; coxe antice appoximate inter se; pedes modici, inter se sat eequales ; tarsi breves, articulo basali quam 2" parum longiori, 3° in 2° inserto; unguiculi subtus dente armati ; metasternum modicum; pygidium (exempli typici) elytris tectum ; corpus pubescens. This genus is difficult to place in Lacordaire’s scheme of classi- fication, although it seems to me unnatural to place it far from Tropideres. But according to Lacordaire the fact of its rostral scrobes being certainly not simply foveiform would remove it from the “ groupe” “ Tropiderides.” These are almost exactly as in Ecelonerus in outline, but differ in commencing in a fovei- form excavation, the wall of which is interrupted at its postero- interior portion from which a shallow somewhat ill-defined sulcus emerges and simulates the deep strongly defined sulcus of Ecelonerus. The short wide depressed form of the type of this. genus removes it, however, according to M. Lacordaire, from the Ecelonerides. The structure of the basal part of the pronotum is unlike that of any other Australian Anthribid known to me, the ante-basal carina appearing merely as one (a little more con- spicuous than the rest) of several fine transverse ridges, and (though very distinct and well-defined near the lateral margins of the pronotum) becoming very faint as it approaches the middle line of the pronotum. From Tropideres itself it differs, inter alia, by the greatly elongated 2nd joint of its antenne. I believe the specimen before me to be a male, but am not sure. Tropideres musivus, Er., and albuginosus, Er., are probably con- generic with this insect, but the descriptions of those species seem to indicate a different arrangement of the inequalities of the: elytra, &c. K 146 HE. dorsoplagiatus, sp. nov. Piceus, pube picea albaque variega- tus ; hac rostrum scutellum que dense vestienti et in elytris maculam magnam quadratam communem formanti; antennis pedibusque rufis, his pube picea et alba variegatis; rostro longitudinaliter 3-carinato ; prothorace inequaliter ruguloso- punctulato, dorso obsolete inzquali; elytrorum interstitiis 3° 5° que carinatis, parte posticali subverticali, interstitiis 3° 5° que mox ante declivitatem posticam valde callosis, inter hee interstitio 4° rufo, interstitiis alternis (parte maculam dorsalem albam ferenti excepta) tuberculis parvis nigris instructis ; macula dorsali alba maculis parvis nigris perpaucis interrupta et ad latera crenulata. Long., 341; lat., 14 1. The common white spot on the elytra is so densely pubescent that the underlying sculpture is entirely concealed. The spot occupies in its front all the width between the seventh interstices of the two elytra but narrows a little to its apex where it occu- pies the width between the two fifth interstices. Its front margin is a little behind the base of the elytra but in its middle runs for- ward triangularly to the scutellum ; its sides are somewhat zig- zagged, being cut into most conspicuously by a black spot a little behind the middle ; its apex (a little in front of the hind decliv- ity) is arcuately and irregularly emarginate and its surface is interrupted by a few very small black spots. The red pubescence near the apex of the elytra is not entirely confined to the fourth interstices but appears as spots on some of the other interstices, and there is also a little white pubescence near the apex. The third-and fifth interstices of the elytra are a little more strongly elevated near the base than in the middle of their length. It is (as already noted) very probable that Tropideres musivus, Er., and albuginosus, Er., are congeneric with this insect. Assuming them to be so this insect differs from them specifically,—from musivus, inter alia, by its considerably larger size, by its not having three fascicles of pubescence on its prothorax and by the proportions of its antennal joints,—from albuginosus, inter alia multa, by its antennz not long enough to reach the base of the prothorax. Victoria ; sent to me by Mr. Kershaw. EPARGEMUS (gen nov. Anthribidarum ). Caput transversum ; rostrum planum, depressum, quam latius vix longius, cum capite nullo modo continuum, mox ante basin angustatum (et hie quam inter oculos caput sub- angustius), hinc antrorsum ad apicem gradatim dilatatum, antice truncatum, scrobibus obtectis foveiformibus sed oblique retrorsum (ut sulci male definiti) productis; antennz sat robuste, prothoracem medium vix superantes, articulis 147 basalibus 2 leviter incrassatis (2° quam basalis vix breviori), 3° quam 2"s manifeste longiori, 3°—8° gradatim brevioribus, °_11° clavam oblongam formantibus, 9° vix transverso, 10° brevi transverso, 11° vix transverso quam 9" vix breviori; oculi sat magni, integri, sat subtiliter granulati; prothorax transversus, vix inzqualis, sat convexus, antice et postice fortiter angustatus (margine antico quam basis sat angus- tiori), carina antebasali bene definita retrorsum in medio angulata in prothoracis lateribus vix perspicue producta ; scutellum parvum ; elytra convexa, inequalia, leviter striata, striis subtiliter sat crebre punctulatis ; cox antice inter se manifeste separate ; pedes modici, inter se sat squales; tarsi modici, articulo basali quam 2" sat longiori, 3° in 2° inserto ; unguiculi subtus dente parvo armati; metasternum minus breve (quam segmentum ventrale basale vix longius) ; pygidium manifestum ; corpus pubescens. This genus is difficult to place in Lacordaire’s arrangement. - Its rostral secrobes are much like those of #7. dersoplagiatus, being of oblong form and running hindward obliquely on the under surface of the head, but scarcely long and deep enough to be called unreservedly “‘sulciform.” It is difficult to say whether Lacordaire would have placed it in the groups having the base of the rostrum narrower than the head, the rostrum being scarcely (but nevertheless a little) narrower a little im front of the base than the head between the eyes. To me it appears that it ought not to stand far from Tropideres, although a strict application of Lacordaire’s tabulation-characters would place it in the “ Phleophilides,” but in the diagnosis of that “groupe” “ scrobes découvertes ” is one of the characters, which they certainly are not in this genus—nor does the species before me agree in its general characters or facies with any genus known to me of that group. I believe the specimen on which I have founded this genus to be a male. E. marmoratus, sp. nov. Picea, pube nigricanti ochrea et alba variegata, antennis (clava excepta) et pedibus (plus minusve) rufescentibus ; capite rostroque (his haud continue planis) crebre rugulose punctulatis, rostro longitudinaliter obsolete carinato ; prothorace quam longiori fere ut 4 ad 3 latiori, supra longitudinaliter sat dense rugato, lateribus ab apice longe ultra medium arcuatim divergentibus hinc ad basin fortiter convergentibus,—elytris inter humeros et scutellum (et in humeris) callosis, interstitiis alternis leviter convexis et tuberculis nonnullis parvis instructis ; corpore subtus sat eequaliter albido-pubescenti; pedibus maculatim albo- et piceo-pubescentibus. Var pubis pallid colore brunneo-testaceo. Long., 22 1.; lat., 11. 148 In a fresh specimen the sculpture of the derm is almost entirely concealed by the pubescence, even the callosities near the base of the elytra being scarcely discernible; these are not strongly marked even in an abraded example; that between the scutellum and the shoulder is the larger, and appears feebly bifid from some points of view. The pattern formed by pube- scence of different colours 1s extremely intricate and difficult to describe. The rostrum is entirely clothed with pale pubescence ; on the head dark, pale, and ochreous pubescence are vaguely intermingled ; on the pronotum the middle of the disc and base is dark with a few pale spots, the front and sides being mostly ‘pale with some dark patches ; the pubescence of the front two- thirds of the elytra is dark, irrorated with pale hairs, which are condensed (interruptedly) along some of the alternate interstices and in small spots near the sides; the apical one-third of the elytra is occupied by a large common patch (which however does not reach the margins) of pale pubescence, close to the lateral margins of which (and about their middle) is a conspicuous dark spot, while another conspicuous dark spot occupies the sutural apical space on each elytron. The small indistinct tubercles on the alternate interstices are clothed, some with ochreous, some with very dark, pubescence. In an absolutely unabraded speci- men the front part of the fifth interstice appears more strongly elevated than the other interstices, but this seems to be due to longer and closer pubescence, as I do not find it in abraded specimens. The greatest dilatation of the sides of the prothorax is at the extremities of the ante-basal carina, from which point the sides converge both forward and hindward. Victoria and N.S. Wales (specimens in the S.A. Museum are without indication of habitat, but are probably from S.A.). ENSPONDUS (gen. nov. Anthribidarum). Caput transversum ; rostrum depressum planum, cum capite haud continuum, breve, transversum, quam caput haud angustius, scrobibus lateralibus, magnis, foveiformibus, obtectis ; an- tenne modice, prothoracem medium paullo superantes, articulis basalibus 2 quam sequentes robustioribus (2° quam 1™ paullo longiori), 2°—5° longitudine sat sequalibus, 6°—8° paullo brevioribus, 9° quam 8"* paullo longiori sed parum latiori, 10° 11° que clavam formantibus quam 9" duplo latioribus, 10° vix 11° haud transversis, 11° obconico; oculi modici integri, sat subtiliter granulati, inter se late separati; prothorax vix transversus, valde inequalis, sat convexus, antice fortiter angustatus, carina antebasali basi. sat ap- proximata bene definita leviter antrorsum arcuata in pro- thoracis lateribus fere ad medium producta ; scutellum parvum; elytra convexa, ingequalia, striata; cox antice 149 subcontigue ; pedes modici, inter se sat equales ; tarsi sat elongati, articulo basali quam 2" sat longiori, 3° in 2° inserto; unguiculi subtus dente parvo armati; metasternum modicum (quam segmentum ventrale basale paullo longius); pygidium manifestum ; corpus pubescens. The insect for which I propuse this generic name cannot be referred to any existing genus that I can disccver. In Lacor- daire’s classification its place is in the ‘‘Groupe” Tropiderides. In his tabulation of the genera of that groupe its place is doubt- ful, the ante-basal carina of its pronotum having its convexity forward, but not nearly so strongly as in the genera he places in the aggregate distinguished by that eharacter. Among them the tabulation would make it Hypseus (though its eyes are searcely “very finely” granulate )—but Hypseus has very different antenne, and eyes converging on the forehead. If the forward arch of the carina be regarded as too slight to place the insect in the Hypseus aggregate, Lacordaire’s tabulation would make it doubtfully an Apatenia,—but that genus has eyes and antenne like those of Hypsews,—inter alia joints 9 and 10 of the antenne being equal to each other. The most striking character of the insect before me consists in there being only two joints in the club of its antenne, joint 9 evidently belonging to the funiculus and being not much longer and wider than the eighth joint. Judging by the ventral segments (less convex and not overlap- ping the edge of the pygidium in one,—more convex and just covering the edge of the pygidium in another) I think I have both sexes before me, and if so there is little or no superficial sexual difference. E. bigibbosus, sp. nov. Oblongus; piceus pube cinerea ochrea brunneaque variegata, antennis (clava excepta) pedibusque (his fusco-variegatis) rufescentibus ; capite rostro pronotoque erebre subtilius rugulosis ; hoc in disco paullo pone medium tuberculis 2 magnis fasciculatis ornato; elytris confertim subtilissime subaspere punctulatis, subtiliter punctulato- striatis, interstitiis alternis quam cetera vix magis elevatis (3° pone basin et in medio, 5° ante apicem, tuberculis singulis fasciculatis ornatis) et fasciculis parvis pilosis variegatis. Long., 21.; lat., 4 1. This insect is easily recognisable by the presence, on either side of the middle line of the pronotum, of a large tubercle bearing a fasciculus of hairs. There is a smaller fasciculated tubercle near the base and another about the middle of the 3rd elytral in- terstice, and also another near the apex of the 5th interstiee. There are also very small fascicles (beneath which the derm is searcely tuberculate) on the alternate interstices, most con- spicuous on the subsutural interstice and becoming gradually less 150 so towards the lateral margins. The surface of a specimen in good condition is of an ashy colour, being densely clothed with brownish and whitish bairs very evenly intermingled. On this ashy ground the tubercles and fascicles show as dark spots, their vestiture being fuscous with an intermixture of ochreous. The whitish pubescence somewhat predominates along the central line of the pronotum, and in the form of a wide, very indistinct fascia, a short distance behind the base of the elytra. The pubescence so closely and thickly clothes the surface that its sculpture is entirely invisible, excepting the two large tubercles on the pronotum and the three smaller ones on each elytron. The scutellum is white. The tubercles are a little larger in some examples than in others. ‘§. Australia. TROPIDERES (7) It is with great hesitation that I refer to Tropideres, the minute Anthribid described below. Nevertheless, it seems to lack any character that would definitely exclude it from the heterogeneous aggregate of species which the genus, as characterised by M. Lacordaire, is made to contain, at any rate, unless the fact of the 2nd joint of its antenne being much longer than the basal joint be in itself deemed suflicient. The following are its structural characters :—Head wide, rostrum scarcely transverse, at its base as wide as the head, scarcely emarginate in front, its sides parallel, its scrobes lateral fovei- form and concealed, its plane not evenly continuous with that of the head; antennz not long enough to reach the base of the prothorax, joint | short, joint 2 very evidently longer than 1, 3 a little longer and more slender tnan 2, joints 3-8 gradually shorter, 9-11 forming an oblong but compact club, 9 longer than 10, which is transverse ; eyes fairly large and prominent, finely granulated and widely separated from each other; prothorax gently transverse, narrowed from base to front, but not strongly, its surfaee even, its antebasal carina arched with convexity hindward (very close to the base but distinct from it in the middle, forming a right angle with its lateral extension which is not strongly defined and does not very nearly reach the middle of the lateral margin); elytra slightly gibbous close to the base on the disc, but otherwise even or nearly so, obscurely punctulate striate ; front cox almost contiguous to each other ; legs some- what short and of nearly equal length ; tarsi moderately long, their basal joint considerably longer than the second; body convex, gently oblong-ovate, pubescent; metasternum on the middle line about as long as the basal ventral segment. T. evanescens, sp. nov. Piceus, antennis (clava excepta) pedi- busque rufescentibus; pube sat elongata albida disperse 151 vestitus ; supra crebre minus subtiliter (in prothorace paullo magis subtiliter) aspere punctulatus; elytris indistincte punctulato-striatis. Long., 14 1.; lat., } 1. (vix). I have described the characters of this insect (above) in dis- cussing its generic position fully, and need not repeat them here. Ido not think my example is abraded. Its upper surface is thinly clothed with rather long adpressed fine whitish hairs which are slightly condensed into two very indistinct fascice on the elytra, in front of and behind the middle. On the undersurface the pubescence is more even and slightly closer. S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula. CACEPHATUS (gen. nov. Anthribidarum). Caput sat breve; rostrum transversum, sat planum, cum capite haud continuum, ad apicem truncatum, ad basin quam caput haud angustius, scrobibus lateralibus magnis foveiformibus obtectis; antennze corpus medium attingentes, robuste, articulis basalibus 2 leviter incrassatis (2° quam 1"* sub- longiori), 3°—8° elongatis inter se subzqualibus, 9°—11° clavam laxam formantibus, 9° quam lato sat longiori, 10° ‘quam 9° vix latiori sed brevi leviter transverso, 11° ovali ; oculi magni integri subtilius granulati, antrorsum in fronte sat fortiter convergentes; prothorax leviter transversus, antrorsum fere a basi angustatus, equalis, carina antebasali basi sat approximata bene definita retrorsum arcuata ad latera angulata (nullo modo acute) et antrorsum fere ad latera media producta; scutellum parvum; elytra sat con- vexa, late subcylindrica, sat equalia, punctulato-striata ; cox antice inter se anguste separate; pedes sat elongati (presertim antici); tarsi sat elongati, articulo basali quam 2™ multo longiori, 3° in 2° inserto; unguiculi subtus dente basali armati; metasternum modicum (quam segmentum ventrale basale parum longius); pygidium manifestum ; corpus pubescens. The insect for which I propose this name is evidently a member of Lacordaire’s ‘‘Groupe” “ Tropiderides,” and in his tabulation of the genera it evidently stands with Apatenia, from which its long antennz having their tenth joint transverse and very much shorter than the ninth, znfer alia, distinguish it. C. sericeus, sp. nov. Brunneus, pube albido-sericea_ vestitus ;. supra confertim subtiliter subaspere punctulatus ; elytris ad basin singulatim leviter gibbis, minus fortiter striatis, striis subtilius sat crebre punctulatis, interstitiis vix subconvexis, sculptura postice obsoleta. Long., 24 1.; lat., 1 1. The characters cited in the generic diagnosis need not be re= peated here. There are three examples before me, all of which 152 appear to be somewhat abraded. It is manifest however that the whitish pubescence clothes the head and pronotum somewhat evenly. On the elytra the pubescence is interrupted by small — patches of darker colour showing (in the examples before me) the derm, but I suspect that in a fresh specimen the dark spots are clothed with pubescence of the colour of the derm,—as I find some indication of such pubescence on some of the spots. XYNOTROPIS (gen. nov. Anthribidarum). Caput transversum planum ; rostrum transversum planum cum capite omnino continuum, ad basin quam caput haud angustius, scrobibus foveiformibus obtectis; antenne sat graciles, prothoracis basin attingentes, articulis basalibus 2 quam sequentes paullo robustiores (2° longiori), 2° 3° que inter se longitudine equalibus, 5°—5° gradatim brevioribus, 6°— 8° moniliformibus, 9°—11° clavam sat compactam formantibus, 9° 10° que inter se sat equalibus fortiter transversis, 11° subgloboso ; oculi modici, fortiter convexi, sat fortiter granulati; prothorax transversus sat zqualis, fortiter convexum, antice super caput fortiter anguste pro- minens, carina ante-basali bene definita arcuata retrorsum convexa in lateribus vix perspicue producta; scutellum parvum; elytra fortiter convexa, «qualia, sat breviter ovalia, punctulato-striata; coxe antice inter se bene separate ; pedes modici, inter se sat equales ; tarsi breves articulo basali (tarsorum anticorum vix, posticorum mani- feste) quam 2" longiori, 3° in 2° inserto; unguiculi subtus dente acuto armati; metasteruum brevissimum; pygidium manifestum sat latum; corpus supra obscure metallicum, pilis elongatis adpressis maculatim ornatum. The shape of the insect for which I found this genus (with its strongly convex oval elytra, somewhat suggesting the thought of Otiorhynchus) together with the metallic gloss of its surface, renders it very easy of identification. In Lacordaire’s classifica- tion it falls into the ‘ Groupe” Tropiderides by virtue of the following characters :—Antenne inserted in the sides of the rostrum, ante-basal carina of pronotum present, rostrum short flat, and at base not narrower than the head, rostral scrobes foveiform, eyes entire, sides of rostrum sub-parallel. Its struc- tural characters seem to place it near Z'ropideres, from which it differs by, inter alia, its general build and extremely short metasternum which is not longer on its middle line than the shortest of the ventral segments. The metasternum is moderately short in Z'ropideres, but not nearly so short as in this genus. X. micans, sp. nov. Ovalis; sat nitida ; supra picea, obscure aureo- et cupreo-micans; maculatim albido - pubescens ; 153 subtus nigra, vix aurata, vix pubescens; antennis (clava excepta) pedibusque (femorum basi excepta) rufis; capite pronotoque confertim aspere punctulatis; elytris vix striatis, grossissime seriatim punctulatis; sternis fere ut pronotum, abdomine subtiliter, punctulatis. Long., 12 1,; lat., $1. The metallic glow on this species—though quite unmistakeable —is by no means brilliant ; it is of an evidently coppery tone on the front part of the pronotum, but very little noticeable on the rest of that segment, and on the elytra is brassy. On the example before me (which I took myself and am confident is not materially injured by abrasion) the whitish pubescence is thinly and vaguely dispersed on the head and pronotum with very little tendency to be condensed anywhere, while it clothes the scutellum ‘densely, and on the elytra forms a wide ill-defined lateral margin and some not very conspicuous dorsal blotches which range them- ‘selves somewhat in the form of two very arcuately transverse rows (their convexity directed forward), one behind the other in front of the middle. Tasmania ; Lake district. BASITROPIS. The Australian species of this genus appear to be entirely Northern in distribution and rare (as regards individual speci- mens) but probably numerous. I have before me six specimens which represent at least four and possibly six species. In five of ‘them the markings of the upper surface are extremely similar while in one they are entirely different from those of the five. ‘Three species have been described from Australia. In one of them (solitarius, Pasc.) the alternate interstices of the elytra are said to be “raised,” which is not the case in any of the specimens before me. The descriptions of the other two are so meagre as to be almost useless. However one of my specimens agrees with the description (such as it is) of B. ingrata, Pasc., and may possibly be that insect,—but I cannot regard any of them as reconcilable with the description of B. peregrina, Pasc., which is represented as having ‘‘an obscure yellowish-grey band near the apex,” consisting of pubescence, and being long., 31. The speci- mens before me (except that already mentioned as B. ingrata 7) are all decidedly larger and have two bands of pale-coloured pubescence neither of which is at all “obscure.” I must con- sider therefore that I have not seen B. peregrina or B. solitaria. In respect of its generic characters the diagnoses of Basitropis are very incomplete, owing to the want of detail as to sexual characters. Jekel (the author of the genus) does not refer to them, but his description and figure do not altogether agree with 154 Lacordaire’s statement. ‘The former says that the antennal club consists of three joints while the latter somewhat inconsistently states (in the generalities of the ‘‘Groupe”) that in the male the club consists of four or five joints, and then in the formal diagnosis affirms that joints 6-8 are grudually transverse and that joints 9-11 form the club; and that the females can hardly be distinguished from the males except by their shorter antenne. Turning to the specimens before me I find a slight difference in the structure of the ventral segments between two of them and the other four,—the two having those segments distincly though slightly depressed down the middle line and the apical ventral segment so related to the pygidium that when the ventral seg- ments are looked at from directly above (the specimen being laid on its back) the edge of the pygidium can be seen beyond it, while the ventral segments of the other four are evenly convex and the apex of the apical segment just covers and conceals from sight the edge of the pygidium. The two specimens have antenne in which joints 6-8 are so strongly and gradually dilated that it is difficult to say at which joint the club really begins (which might account for Lacordaire’s contradictory statements),—while the antenne of the other four have a distinctly three-jointed club and are I think females,—the two being males. I take it that Jekel founded the genus on the female, and that Lacordaire diagnosed a male and either failed to observe the antenneze of the female correctly, or regarded as male and female specimens that were really the males of two species. The genus is a very well marked one among the Australian Anthribide by the unusual character of the antennal scrobes. being basal and sulciform, in conjunction with the ante-basal carina of the pronotum wanting and the lateral carine continued nearly to the apex where they do not form an angle. I observe in all the specimens before me that the carine of the pronotum. are finely and closely denticulate in their entire length but as this character is not referred to by Jekel or Lacordaire it may not be present in B. nitidicutis, Jekel (from India and Java), the typical species. It is to be noted that M. Lacordaire describes under the name Gynandrocerus an African genus which he says differs from. Basitropis only by the sexual antennal characters which approach those I have described above. If there is really no other differ- ence between the two genera Gynandrocerus cannot stand. B. relicta, sp. nov. Mas. Cylindrica; picea, pube densissima. nigro-picea vestita, hac pube pallida partim testacea partim alba variegata; capite subgrosse sat crebre equaliter punctulato ; rostro fortiter transverso, inzquali, postice longitudinaliter obsolete canaliculato, antice arcuatim. 155 emarginato ; antennis robustis prothoracem medium paullo superantibus, articulis basali crasso superne nullo modo visibili, 2° quam basalis breviori minus crasso quam latiori vix longiori, 3° 4° que inter se sat equalibus quam 2" sat longioribus, 5° quam 4" paullo breviori ad apicem dilatato quam latiori parum longiori, 6° intus ad apicem dilatato transverso quam 5° paullo breviori, 7° intus etiam magis dilatato quam longiori duplo latiori quam 6" vix breviori, 8° 7° similis sed paullo magis transverso, 9° 10° que inter se eequilatis (hoc paullo breviori) quam 8"* parum latioribus, 11° breviter transversim subovato; oculis in fronte modice inter se approximatis; prothorace vix transverso, quali, subgrosse minus profunde nonnihil acervatim punctulato, lateribus a basi longe ultra medium sat parallelis dein con- vergentibus ; elytris striatis, striis fortiter mec crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis; coxis anticis subcontiguis. Long., 44. 1.; lat., 12 1. The markings of the surface are caused by patches of pube- scence different in colour from the ground. On the upper surface the pubescence forming the ground is of a smoky blackish tone ; on the head and prothorax there are numerous small spots of testaceous brown; the scutellum is covered with white pube- scence ; on the elytra spots (very various in size) of white pube- scence form two zones—one post-basal, the other ante-apical. The post-basal zone is an irregular common festoon of unequal spots with its ends on the shoulders ; the ante-basal zone is on each elytron a transverse spot of irregularly triangular form— its base near but not touching the suture, its apex (which is truncate) near but not touching the lateral margin. Besides the two zones there are a few small white pubescent spots about the lateral margin and apex The undersurface and legs are densely clothed with pale grey very fine pubescence. On this ground coarse puncturation appears as dark spots on the sterna, there is an elongate spot of ochreous pubescence on the lateral margins of each ventral segment, and the legs are variegated with dark pubescence. Joints 9 and 10 of the antenne are scarcely narrower than the interval between the eyes. A specimen from N. Queensland may be the female of this species. Its antenne are a trifle shorter than those of the described male and distinctly more slender, their basal 7 joints eylindric and not differing much in size except in the 4th being somewhat the longest, the 8th is distinctly dilated and trans- verse, joints 9—11 forming a club, and much like joints 9—11 of the male, but less dilated. The only differences that I observe (not already mentioned) from the male consist in the eyes being a little less approximate to each other, and the elytra having. 156 (besides the zones of white pubescence) numerous small white pubescent spots sprinkled over the whole surface. On the whole I incline to think this specimen the female of a species distinct from that of which the male is described above. An example from Port Darwin agrees with the above descrip- tion of the male except in its smaller size (Long. 3? 1.), and in the pale pubescence of its elytra being of a distinctly ochreous tone. N. Queensland. B. pallida, sp. nov. Fem. Sat cylindrica, postice paullo angustata ; picea, pedibus antennisque rufescentibus ; pube adpressa densissima testacea alba et fusca lete intermixta vestita ; capite subgrosse sat crebre equaliter punctulato ; rostro sat fuortiter transverso, longitudinaliter indistincte carinato, antice leviter emarginato ; antennis minus robustis prothoracem medium paullo superantibus, articulis basali crasso superne nullo modo visibili, 2°—4° inter se sat zquali- bus quam basalis longioribus, 5°—7° inter se sat zqualibus quam 4"* sat brevioribus, 8° quam 7 paullo longiori antror- sum leviter dilatato, 9°—11° clavam formantibus, 9° 11° que inter se sat equalibus vix transversis, 10° brevi fortiter itransverso ; oculis in fronte minus approximatis ; prothorace sat zquali (longitudine latitudini squali), fere ut caput punctulato, lateribus a basi longe ultra medium leviter (dein sat fortiter sinuatim) convergentibus ; elytris leviter striatis, striis fortiter sat crebre punctulatis; corpore subtus pedi- busque sat qualiter dense albido-pubescentibus; coxis anticis inter se approximatis sed haud contiguis. Long., 441.5 lat., 141. The prevailing pubescence of the upper surface is of a pale testaceous brown colour; on this ground, white pubescence is distributed as follows,—dispersedly on the head and rostrum,— on the pronotum a line down the middle and an elongate patch on either side near the margins,—on the elytra a large humeral patch limited by an oblique line from the scutellum to the lateral margins at about a third of its length from the base, some small spots along the suture and lateral margins, and a large somewhat arcuate patch near the apex; pubescence of very dark colour forms the lateral margins of the pronotum and is continued a short distance along the margins of the elytra, forms a large basal spot in the basal white patch, a very small spot on the third interstice slightly behind the middle (just in front of the hindmost white patch) and a larger spot on the third interstice near the apex (within the arch of the hindmost white patch). The colour and distribution of the markings in this species are entirely different from those of the other described species of 157 Basitropis (at any rate of all the Australian ones, and all other known to me). In respect of other characters not likely to be sexual it differs from B. relicta, inter alia, by its somewhat larger and less cylindric shape, the feeble emargination of the front of its rostrum, the more elongate form of its prothorax which is distinctly (though not much) narrower across its middle than across its base (in relicta that segment is if anything wider across its middle than its base), its evidently narrower rostrum, and the more evident interval between its front coxx. It is to be noted, however, that in neither of the above species are the front cox separated by a continuous process of the prosternum. Port Darwin (N. Territory of S. Australia). Taken by the late Dr. Bovill. STRENEODERMA (gen. nov. Anthribidarum). Caput transversum ; rostrum transversum supra sat planum, ad apicem truncatum, ad basin quam caput haud angustius,. scrobibus foveiformibus obtectis ; submentum planatum pro- funde triangulariter emarginatum; antenne graciles, arti- culis basalibus 2 quam sequentes robustioribus (2° breviori), articulis 3°—8° gradatim brevioribus, 9°—11° clavam dis- tinctam formantibus, hac laxe articulata; oculi magni, fere integri, sat convexi, minus fortiter granulati; prothorax fortiter transversus, transversim fortiter convexus, carina. antebasali nulla, carina basali ad latera angulata et antror- sum ad latera media producta; scutellum parvum ; elytra sat brevia, striata, postice subverticalia ; cox antice inter se latissime remote; pedes modici, anticis quam ceteri longioribus; tarsorum anticorum articulus basalis quam. ceterl conjuncti parum (posteriorum multo) brevior, 3° in 2° inserto ; unguiculi subtus dente parvo armati; metasternum breve ; pygidium manifestum, subquadratum. According to M. Lacordaire’s classification the small insect for which I found this genus is a member of the “ Anthribides. vrais,” by virtue of the following characters in combination :-— Antennz inserted on the sides of the rostrum, carina of pronotum basal, rostrum of subparallel form, body not elongate-cylindrie. In that group it is distinguishable by the following characters :— Front cox very widely separated (more widely than in Phleobius ), rostrum truncate at its extremity, antenne and legs extremely like those of Argocerus. The outline of the prothorax and elytra is not unlike that of Cewtorrhynchus. I am uncertain as to the sex of the examples before me. The front margin of the eye itself forms the hind wall of the scrobe. S. planatum, sp. nov. Piceum vix rufescens, antennis (clava excepta) et tarsorum apice testaceis; sat opacum ; sparsim 158 minus perspicue cinereo-pubescens; supra confertim sub- tilissime (haud multo aliter quam Ar@ocerus fasciculatus, De Geer) subaspere punctulatum ; rostro cum capite con- tinuo; prothorace vage inzquali; elytris striatis, in parte suturali conjunctim planatis; pedibus pube cinerea plus minusve perspicue maculatis ; antennis prothoracem medium paullo superantibus, clava quam articuli 4"%*—8" conjuncti vix brevioribus, articulis 9° vix (10° manifeste) transverso 11° obconico quam latiori parum longiori. Long., 121; late 2 Tai vix): There are indications on the specimen before me of the whitish hair-like scales on the upper surface having been in places con- densed into somewhat conspicuous blotches which are chiefly about the middle of the front of the prothorax, on the scutellum and about the sides of the prothorax and elytra, especially near the shoulders, and it is possible some such markings may have been rubbed off, although the presence of the even thinly dis- tributed pubescence seems inconsistent with the surface being much abraded. A vague depression runs down the middle of the prothorax longitudinally, on either side of which slightly behind the middle is a distinct transverse gibbosity. The fourth interstice of each elytron is more conspicuous than the other interstices, chiefly through the space between the fourth interstices of the two elytra (including the suture) being flat- tened. Most of the interstices are furnished in some part of their length with unequal feebly raised tubercles. The head and rostrum together form a perfectly even flattened surface without any trace of distinction enter se. The insect has much of the structure of Argocerus but with the rostrum and scrobes of a true Anthribid. Victoria. S. contemptum, sp. nov. Fere ut precedens (S. planatum) coloratum et pubescens sed pedibus dilutioribus et elytris ad apicem rufis; rostro cum capite continuo; prothorace eequali, lateribus mox ante basin manifeste sinuatis, angulis posticis extrorsum manifeste acutis; elytris squaliter con- vexis, interstitiis vix perspicue tuberculatis ; antennis pro- thoracis basin attingentibus, clava quam articuli 3"°—8“ con- juncti vix breviori, articulis 9°—11° elongatis (10° quam 9s et 11"* manifeste breviori. Long., 141.; lat., 4 1. (vix). This species closely resembles the preceding in general appear- ance, but is certainly distinct. The pronotum is devoid of inequalities and the elytra have no longitudinal flattening on the sutural region, their interstices also being all but devoid of inequalities. The sides of the prothorax are quite strongly incurved just in front of the base, and the hind angles of that 159 segment are very distinctly pointed outward, neither of which characters is found in S. planatum. The antenne are consider- ably longerin S. contemptum than in S. planatum, their club especially, of which all the joints are at least twice as long as wide. It is not improbable that these antennal differences may indicate that my example of contemptum is a male, and that of planatum a female, but they are certainly not the sexes of one species. There is scarcely any indication of the pubescence being condensed in patches on the example before me, but I do not attach much importance to this character, as I find that the condensed long scales on the small Anthribide are very easily rubbed off, and therefore very unreliable for identification of species. N. Queensland ; given to me by Mr. Koebele. NoTmCoIA (gen. nov. Anthribidarum). Mas. Rostrum transversum, depressum, ad apicem arcuatim emarginatum, ad basin quam caput haud angustius, scrobi- bus lateralibus foveiformibus apertis; antenne quam corporis dimidium sublongiores, graciles, clava minus laxe 3-articulatis, articulis basalibus 2 quam sequentes robustiori- bus (2° longiori), 3° 4° que inter se sat zequahibus, 5°—8° quam 4*° sat brevioribus, 9° obconico 8° longitudine quali, 10° brevi transverso, 11° quam 9" vix longiori ; oculi magni, sat subtiliter granulati, antice sat profunde emarginati, supra inter se approximati ; prothorax transversus «equalis, carina antebasali nulla, carina basali ad latera angulata et antrorsum ultra prothoracis medium producta; scutellum parvum; elytra subcylindrica brevia (quam conjunctim latiora circiter ut 10 ad 7 longiora), ad basin leviter gibbosa, striata, postice verticalia ; coxz antice subcontigue ; pedes modici ; tarsi antici quam tibiz haud breviores, articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti sublongiori; unguiculi subtus dente parvo armati; pygidium manifestum ; corpus pubescens. The insect for which I propose this generic name falls into M. Lacoradire’s group “ Anthribides vrais” by virtue of the follow- ing characters :—Antennz inserted on the sides of the rostrum, carina of pronotum basal, rostrum parallel-sided, body not elon- gate. The genus, however, can hardly be placed in M. Lacordaire’s tabulation of the genera of that group as its two main divisions are “front coxe widely separated, rostrum strongly emarginate in front,” and ‘front coxe# subcontiguous, rostrum not or scarcely emarginate in front,” whereas in this . genus the front cox are subcontiguous and the rostrum is quite strongly emarginate in front. Its most striking characters are found in its very large eyes, strongly emarginate in front, and 160 separated from each other on the forehead by a space only about one-third of the width of the rostrum, and its open scrobes which cut the upper surface of the rostrum sufficiently to be both visible wheu viewed from above. This form of scrobes is an approach to their form in the Arcocerides, in which, however, both scrobes are entirely visible when viewed from above, and the interval between them is less than the interval between the eyes, whereas in this genus (and others with the scrobes visible and lateral) the interval between them is greater than that between the eyes and only a small part of both scrobes can be seen together. NV. reticulata, sp. nov. Piceo-rufa, pube albida variegata; hac in rostro vage, in capite medio longitudinaliter (et cirea oculos) lineatim, in prothorace vage, in scutello confertim, in elytris reticulatim et maculatim, in pygidio ita ut annulos 2 format, in sternis abdominis lateribus pedibusque (in his. interrupte) sat dense, disposita; antennarum clava et pedum nonnullis partibus obscuris ; corpore toto (pube haud: abrasa) confertim subtilissime subaspere punctulato; pro- thorace fortiter transverso, antice minus fortiter angustato, lateribus parum arcuatis ; elytris indistincte (latera versus. magis perspicue) striatis, striis vix perspicue punctulatis. Long., 131. lat., 51. On this pretty little species fine dense red-brown very short pubescence covers the upper surface so closely that there is little apparent sculpture; but, no doubt, if the pubescence were re- moved underlying sculpture would appear. On the red-brown derm-pubescence there is variegation formed by longer pubescence of ashy-white colour. This longer pubescence is vaguely scattered over the rostrum and pronotum and densely clothes the small scutellum; on the head it forms fine lines and on the elytra it runs in fine sinous longitudinal lines, which are here and there transversely connected,—some of the transverse connections (especially between the third and fourth longitudinal lines) being dilated into conspicuous blotches. The derm-pubescence is more red than brown on the head and becomes gradually less red and more brown hindward. The inequalities of the elytral surface (which are likely to be a generic character) are feebly defined, and best observed by looking at the insect from the side when there is seen to be feeble gibbosity near the base with irregular depression behind the gibbosity, then a scarcely elevated longi- tudinal ridge on the third interstice slightly behind its middle and a still slighter elevation a little nearer the base on the subsutural interstice while between the ridge on the third interstice and the lateral margin the surface is scarcely visibly depressed. N. Queensland ; sent to me by the late Mr. Cowley. 161 MISTHOSIMA. The species described below may be referred I think to this genus which was founded by Mr. Pascoe to include two insects from Borneo. It agrees very well with the characters attributed to the genus by its author and if not a true congener of the already described species must represent a closely allied new genus distinguishable by characters not mentioned in the diag- nosis. The only discrepancies are slight, consisting in the second antennal joint being scarcely shorter than the basal one and the metasternum not quite so short as in Are@ocerus (as, according to description, it should be) but these alone scarcely justify the formation of a new genus. M. dorsonotata, sp. nov. Oblonga; picea, antennarum basi labro femoribus tibiisque testaceis ; pube densa fusca vestita, hac pube cinerea concinne maculatim variegata ; antennarum articulo 2° quam 1" vix breviori; supra confertim aspere subtiliter (in elytris quam alibi paullo minus subtiliter) punctulata; elytris subtilissime striatis; pube in corpore subtus quam in corpore supra magis cinerea. Long., 12 1; lat., 2 1. The ashy or whitish pubescence of the upper surface is dis- tributed as follows :—On the head it predominates (the fuscous colour forming two longitudinal lines dilated in front and behind); on the prothorax it is most conspicuous on the sides and middle line ; on the elytra it forms numerous small clearly defined evenly distributed spots, three somewhat larger placed transversely across the base, and a common much larger triangular patch (its apex pointing forward) about the middle of the suture. North Queensland. DOTICUS. This genus is unsatisfactorily close to Areocerus. Its author (Mr. Pascoe) says that it differs from Argocerus by the greater length of its front legs, the greater width of its tarsi and the deeper insertion of the third tarsal joint in the second. To this it: may be added that (so far as my experience goes) the species with the legs of Doticus are considerably larger than any with the legs of Argocerus. Nevertheless I am of opinion that the generic distinction of the two cannot be maintained. I have before me a specimen which is certainly I think D. palmaris, Pasc. Metadoticus, Olliff, seems to be quite indistinguishable from Doticus. The name used by Olliff seems to have been suggested by the author of Doticus, and yet there is nothing in his diagnosis. to distinguish it from that of Doticws, nor does he mention Doticus, but compares Metadoticus to Ethneca, with which Doticus has so little connection that it would be hard to find two L 1€2 Anthribide much less allied to each other than they are. Olliff’s species (the too common Metadoticus pestilens) is quite unmistak- able and the insect generally called by that name agrees so per- fectly with Olliff’s somewhat full specific description that it seems impossible we can be mistaken in our identification of M. pestilens. I can find no generic distinction between M. pestilens and the insect mentioned above as D. palmaris. D. equalipennis, sp. nov. Late ovalis; piceus, pube brunnea maculatim vestitus; supra confertim subtilissime subaspere punctulatus ; prothorace minus fortiter transverso, antror- sum a basi arcuatim fortiter angustato, squali; elytris eequalibus, striatis, striis sat fortiter nec crebre punctulatis, interstitiis planis. Long., 341; lat., 131. The head is entirely covered with bright brown pubescence except a longitudinal vitta of dark brown pubescence on either side of the middle ; the pronotum is confusedly variegated with bright brown pubescence on the piceous derm; on the elytra the piceous derm is variegated by bright brown pubescence arranged longitudinally on the interstices, the pubescence being continuous (on the specimen before me, which is evidently not at all abraded) on the front one-fifth part of most of the inner seven interstices and nearly so on about the hinder half of the inner five inter- stices, but on the rest of the interstitial surface it takes the form of small square spots ; where the pubescence is not of bright brown colour it is scarcely less dense, but is of the colour of the derm; that of the under surface is uniformly of a pale ashy colour. This species seems to agree absolutely with D. palmaris, Pasc., and M. pestilens, Oll., in its structural charac- ters. It is very distinct from both, as a species, owing to the even surface of its pronotum and elytra. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. G. Masters as No. 77. ARAOCERUS. This genus is somewhat numerously represented in Australia, although no species of it have yet been recorded in Australia in such fashion as to be capable of confident identification. In 1835 Boisduval published a diagnosis consisting of nine words of Anthribus sambucinus, which he thought might be a variety of Anthribus coffee, Fab., and the latter (according to Lacordaire) js identical with Argocerus fasciculatus, De Geer. Doubtless therefore A. sambucinus is an Are@ocerus and it now stands in our Catalogues as a variety of A. fasciculatus. I have not access to De Geer’s description of 4. fascrculatus, but I know the insect as a Hawaiian Ar@ocerus that the eminent Coleop- terist Dr. Sharp named for me. I have examples from tropical Queensland of an - 9 -06 —— ———— —sJ10Wlo JY JO 1804 ,, 0 Sit “* CoTpoog [VoMOuOIySV “amas XXXVII.; vol. XIX., Geology Russ lands; Hand-Book, XX XVI., vol., 2nd Series. Comité Geologique, vol. XVII., Nos. 6 to 10; vol. XVIII.) Nos land 2, 8 to 10% Memoirs, vols. VIII., IX., XII., and my. Academie Impériale des Sciences, Memoirs Class Phys.-Mathem., vol. VII., Nos. 1 to 4: ‘vol VITL,° Nos..1 to 5; vor IX., Nos. 1 to 5; vol. X.,"Nos. 1 to 43 vol. VI., Nos. 9, 11. 12, and 13; Hist- Pn, vol. IIT., Nos. 2 to 5. Helsingfors—Der Geographische in Finland, Maddilangen, Finlands, V. SWITZERLAND. Lausanne—Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, Bulle- tin, vol. XXXIV., No. 128; vol. KXXV., Nos. 132 to 134; vol. XXXVI. Nos. 135, 136. Neuchatel—Société des Science Naturelles. Tomes XXII, KX XITI:,) XIKIV.) and: SUR. 193 SANDWICH ISLANDS. Honolulu—The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Nat. Hist. and Polynesian Ethnology. Memoirs, Vol. I., No. 1. Occasional Papers, vol. 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XXIX., Nos. 7 to 12; ditto, vol. XXX., Nos. 1 to 12. San Francisco—Californian Academy of Sciences, Proceed- ings, Zoology, vol. I., 6 to 12; ditto, Geo- logy, vol. I., 4 to 6; ditto, Botany, vol. I., 3 to 9; ditto, Math.-Phys., vol. I., 1 to 4; Occasional Papers, No. VI. St. Louis—Missouri Botanic Gardens, Tenth Annual Ke- ort. eee ie of Science, vol. IX., Nos. 1 to 5, and 7 to 12. Urbana, Illinois—State Laboratory of Nat. Hist., Bulletia, vol. III., 1887-1895, Index, &c.; vol. V., Arts. 1 to 10, Index to vol. I. 195 Washington—Nat. Acad. of Sciences, Memoirs, vol. IV., pts. 1 and 2; vol. VIII., 1898, 3 and 4, 1899; 18th Annual Rep., pts. 1 to 5, and 5 (con- tinued) ; 19th Annual Rep., pts. 1 to 6, and 6 (continued), Atlas; 20th Annual Rep, pts. 1 to 6, and 6 (continued) ; Monographs, vols. XXIX., XXXI., with Atlas, XXXIT., aa 2, SI XXIV, XXEV, eA VI, AXXVIT., XXXVITI. Geological Atlas, fol. 1 to 19, 21 to 37. Eureka Dist., Nevada, Marquette Iron-bearing Dist., Michigan, Bulletin, Nos. 150 to 162, 1898. Department of Agriculture—North America, Fauna, 14, 15, and 17; Year-Book, 1898, Bulletin (Biol.), No. 12, Protecticn of Birds. Smithsonian Institution, Proceedings, vol. XXI.; Annual Rep. Board cf Regents, to June, 1897. ——————— Academy of Science, Proceedings, vol. I., pp. 111 to 251, and 253 to 339; ditto, vol. II., pp. | to 246. 196 LIST OF FELLOWS, MEMBERS, &c. DECEMBER, 1900.. Those marked (Ff) were present at the first meeting when the Society. was founded. Those marked (1) are Life Fellows, Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers published in the Society’s Transactions. Date ot Eleetion. 1893. 1897. 1888. 1876. 1890. 1893. 1855. 1892. 1899. 1876. 1394. 1881. 1887. 1880. 1886. 1883. 1893. 1887. 1874. 1895. 1887. 1833. 1837. 1886. HONORARY FELLOWS. *CossMANN, M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris. *Davip, 1. W. EpGEwortTH, 5b.A., F.G.S., Professor of Geology, Sydney University. *DENNANT, JOHN, F.G.8., F.C.S., Inspector of Schools, Stanhope Grove, Camberwell, Melbourne, Victoria. Evtrery, R. L. J., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer,. The Observatory, Melbourne, Victoria. *ETHERIDGE, RoBERT, Director of the Australian Museum of New South Wales, Sydney. GREGORIO, Marquis DE, Palermo, Sicily. Huut, H. M., Hobart, Tasmania. *Maipen, J. H., F.L.S., F.C.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales. *Mryrick, E. T., B.A., Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wiltshire, England. Russett, H. C., B.A., F.R.S., F.B.A.S., Government Astronomer, Sydney, New South Wales. *Witson, J. T., M.D., Professor of Anatomy, Sydney Unt- versity. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Barutry, F. M., F.L.S., Colonial Botanist, Brisbane, Queens- land. *Cuoup, '1'. C., F.C.S., Manager Wallaroo Smeitung Works, South Australia. *FoELSCHE, Pav, Inspector of Police, Palmerston, Northern Territory, Australia. Nicotay, Rev. C. G., Fremantle, Western Australia. *Srirting, James, Government Geologist, Victoria. *Sprerton, W. G., Palmerston, Northern Territory. BELLOWS. Apcock, D. J., Adelaide, South Australia. Aneas, Hon. J. H., Adelaide, South Australia. *Asupy, Epwin, Adelaide, South Australia. Bagot, Joun, Adelaide, South Australia. *BEpNALL, W. T., Adelaide, South Australia. *BLACKBURN, Rev. Tuomas, B.A., Woodville, South Aus. tralia. *Bracc, W. H., M.A., Professor of Mathematics, University of Adelaide. 1883. 1882. 1899. 1898. 1893. 1879. 1895. 1876. 1895. 1887. 1896. 1893. 1890. 1899. 1886. 1882. 1889. 1880. 1887. 1896. 1896. 1899. 1891. 1883. 1899. 1893. 1900. 1853. 1899. 1899. 1884. 1856. 1897. 1888. 1874. 1888. 1897. 1884. 1859. 1896. 197 *Brown, H. Y. L., F.G.S., Government Geologist, South Australia. Browne, L. G., Adelaide, South Australia. Browne, ‘TT. L., Adelaide. *BrowneE, J. Harris, North Adelaide. Brummitr, Ropert, M.R.C.S.; Kooringa, South Australia. *CLELAND, W. L., M.B., Ch.M., v.P., Colonial Surgeon, Resident Medical Officer Parkside Lunatic Asylum, Lecturer on Materia Medica, University of Adelaide, Parkside, South Australia. CLELAND, JoHN B., M.B., Ch.B. Syd., Parkside, South Australia. (1) ones, E., Commissioner of Audit, Adelaide, South Aus- tralia. CooKE, JOHN H., Adelaide, South Australia. *DIxXON, SAMUEL, Adelaide, South Australia. Drummonp, J. H. G., M.D., Moonta. Dupury, Urian, White Rock, S.M., Drake, New South Wales. “Hast, J. J., F.G.S., 3, Parade, Norwood. Ferguson, AnpREwW, Agricultural School, Adelaide. Fremine, Davin, Adelaide, South Australia. Fowxer, Wiiiiam, Melton, Yorke Peninsula, South Aus tralia. Fraser, J. C., Adelaide, South Australia. *GOYDER, GEORGE, F.C.S., Government Analyst, South Australia. Grassy, W. C., F.L.S., Adelaide, South Australia. GREENWAY, JTHomas J., East Adelasde. Hawker, E. W., F.G.S., Metallurgist and Assayer, Adelaide. *Hiecgin, A. J., Assistant Lecturer Chemistry, University, Adelaide. *Houttze, Maurice, F.L.S., Director Botanic Gardens, -.de- laide, South Australia. *HowcHIN, WALTER, F.G.S., Goodwood East, South Aus tralia. HueGHeEs, SAMUEL, B.Sc., Registrar of the School of Mines, Adelaade. JAMES, THomas, M.R.C.S., Moonta, South Australia. Jounceock, C. F., Wilmington. (fF) Kay, Rosprert, General Director and Secretary ‘South Australian Public Library, Museum, &c., Adelaide. KLEEMAN, RicHarp, Rowlands Flat. *Kocu, Max, Adelaide. Lenpon, A. A., M.D., Lond., M.&.C.S., Lecturer on Forensic Medicine, and on Chemical Medicine Univer- sity of Adelaide, Honorary Physician Children’s Hos- pital, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. Luoyp, J. S., Adelaide, South Australia. *Lea, A. M., Government Entomologist, Hobart, Tasmania. *Lowrr, O. B., F. Ent. S., Broken Hill, N.S. Wales. Mayo, G. G., C.E., Adelaide, South Australia. Morineux, A., F.L.S., Secretary Central Agricultural Bureau, Kent Town, South Australia. *Morean, A. M., M.B., Ch.B., Angas-street, Adelaide. Mounrton, H. S., Brighton, South Australia. (t) Murray, Hon. Davin, Adelaide, South Australia. *Parxer, Tuomas, .C.E., Rockhampton, Queensland. 1883. 1886. 1892. 1885. 1876. 1891. 1893. 1857. 1900. 1871. 1887. 1876. 1886. LSS7Z- 1894. 1889. 1878. 1883. 1878. 1859. 1886. 198 Puiuiies, W. H., Adelaide, South Australia.. Poott, W. B., Adelaide, South Australia. *PRiESTLEY, P. H., Unley-road, Parkside. *RENNIE, Epwarp H., M.A., D.Sc., London, F.C.S., Pro- fessor of Chemistry University of Adelaide. *Rutt, Water, C.E., Adelaide, South Australia. Setway, W. H., Adelaide, South Australia. ‘Simson, Augustus, Launceston, Tasmania. Smeaton, Tuomas D., Blakiston, Littlehampton, South Australia. SMEATON, STirRLine, B.A., Adelaide. SmitH, Rospert Barr, Adelaide, South Australia. *Stirting, Epwarp C., C.M.G., M.A., M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.S., Professor of Physiology University of Ade- laide, Honorary Director South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia. *TaTE, Raupu, F.G.S., Professor of Natural Science University of Adelaide. *TrpPeR, J. G. O., F.L.S., Entomologist South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia. *Torr, W. G., LL.D., M.A., B.C.L., Way College. *TURNER, A. JEFFERIS, M.D., Brisbane. Varpon, Hon. JosrpH, M.L.C., J.P., Adelaide, South Aus- tralia. *Verco, JosePpH C., M.D., F.R.C.S., Lecturer on the Prin- ciples and Practice of Medicine and Therapeutics University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. WarnwarieHt, E. H., B.Sc., St. Peter’s College, South Aus- tralia. Ware, W. L., J.P., Adelaide, South. Australia. Way, Rr. Hon. Sir Samvuet, Bart., D.C.L., Chief Justice and Lieutenant-Governor South’ Australia, Adeladde, South Australia. *Zimtz A., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Assistant Director South Aus- tralian Museum, Adelaide, South Anstralia. 199 Haak EN DLC E'S, FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE Roval Society of South Australia. SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30TH, 1900. Evening Meetings—Nine evening meetings have beeu held, of which the following is a list: — 1899. Oct. 17—‘“‘The Fertilization of Flowers,’ Mr. S. Smeaton, B.A Nov. 21—Reports of Excursion to Port Victor. Various mem bers. 1900. March 20—Particulars of Science Congress held at Melbourne in January, 1900. Messrs. M. S. Clark and S. Smeaton, B.A. April 24—Results of Easter Encampment of Boys’ Field Club, Port Noarlunga. Mr. E. Ashby. May 15—‘How Plants Live and Grow,’ Mr. J. G. 0. Tepper, F.L.S. June 19—“Seeds and their Distribution,’ Mr. S. Smeaton, July 17—“The Structure of Shell Fish,’ Mr. R. J. M. Clucas, Aug. 21—‘‘The Leaves of Plants,’ Miss E. F. Haycraft, B.Sc. Sept. 18—Annual Meeting, Chairman’s Address, “Australian Birds,” Mr. E. Ashby. The attendance at these meetings has been well sustained, being greater than the usual average, and almost as high as for any year during the last decade. A special feature has been a course of papers on Structural Botany. In addi- tion to the seeds and leaves of plants, the chemistry of their growth and the question of fertilization have been dealt with. 200 Other points are to be touched upon in subsequent addresses. As a change from botany, one paper treateed of the structure of Mollusca, and at the Annual Meeting the Chairman took up the subject of birds, which has not occu- pied much attention with us since the inception of the Ornithological Association. Exhibits have, as usual, covered a wide range in Natural History, and have formed an in- teresting feature of these meetings. Hxcursions—Twelve excursions have been held during the year as under :— 1699: Oct. 7—Happy Valley. Oct. 21—Agricultural College. Nov. 11-13—Port Victor, &c. (three days). Dec. I—Glen Stuart (Morialta Waterfalls), via Norton's 3 Summit. 1900. March 17—Dredging, Port River. May 19—Grange and Semaphore Beach. June 16—Brighton. “ 23—“Rostrevor,” Magill. July 26—Black Hill. Aug. 18—Stonyfell. Sept. 3—Golden Grove (whole day). “ 22—National Park (Waterfall Gully portion). These excursions have covered a wide area, and have given opportunity for the study of most branches of Natural His- tory, Geology, Botany, Zoology (both land and marine), Conchology, and Entomology having been included in the scope of the investigations. The most conspicuous feature of these excursions was a three days’ visit to Port Victor and neighbourhood in November, 1899, when about 30 mem- bers and friends spent a pleasant and profitable time at that favourite seaside resort. Several kinds of plants not to be seen in the hills near Adelaide were then gathered, while 53 species of birds were identified, and chitons and other marine specimens obtained. An attempt was made to find Selwyn’s historic Rock in the Inman River, but its identity could not be clearly esta- blished, although the outcrop recorded in its vicinity was found. It was supposed that the rock in question has been cavered up since its re-discovery by Professor T. W. E. David and Mr. W. Howchin, F.G.S.,.in 1897. The excursion to the foot. hills .west of Golden Grove introduced a new locality for these outings, and brought a somewhat distinct character of vegetation under 201 notice. Successful results were obtained from the excursions to Happy Valley and Black Hill, whilst fresh ground was traversed at some of the more familiar destinations. Ruyal Society’s Library, which, it may be mentioned, is now being catalogued. Membership.—There has not been so large an acquisition -of new members during the year as might be wished. Your ‘Committee hope that members will endeavour to induce ‘their friends to join the Section, and so help to counter- 202 balance the loss that is always to be expected. The number now on the roll is 90. Financial_—The receipts from subscriptions (£17) have considerably exceeded the disbursements (£8/9). Only £10: has been received in the way of grant from the Royal Society. Epwin Asupy, Chairman. W. H. Setwav, Hon. Sec. Adelaide, Sept. 17, 1900. TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIVE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION COMMITTEE OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SEC110ON OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA TO BE PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, 187TH SEPTEMBER, 1900. The Committee have met at intervals in the past year. Regarding the Forest Reserves, the Committee received, in October last, a letter from the Commissioner of Crown Lands: informing them “that all land recommended by the Con- servator of Forests to be retained for forest culture is so retained, and wherever suitable land is available it will be set apart for the purpose.” Information was however, re cently received from Wirrabara that a perpetual lease of 277 acres in the forest had been granted to one man, and’ at the request of the Secretary, Mr. John Darling, M.P., asked in Parliament some questions of the Commissioner on: the subject, receiving the reply that all Forest Reserves were preserved that were worth preserving. The Birds’ Protection Bill referred to in our last report, having lapsed, has been this year re-introduced by Mr. Play-- ford, but in a different form. The Committee were disposed to join the Bird Protection Society in asking that the Bill should be withdrawn, as many important provisions contained in their own Bill, upon which this one had been founded, were omitted from it. Two of the members waited upon Mr. Playford with this end in view, but. after discussing the question with him, thought it would be better to allow the Bill to go on, and endeavour later to get introduced some amendments to meet their own views. So little progress has, however, been made that there seems little probabilitv of the Bill being passed this session. Epwin Asusy, Chairman. M. Symonps Crark, «Jon. Secretary. Adelaide, September 18, 1900. ‘6061 ‘aoquieydeg yyLT ‘eprepapy ‘remnsvary, puv Areqoioag ‘Wo}y ; fs © GAOT KVM TAS “HOM 3 SfOUPEY | VTHSSNG “M ‘Ef eva : ‘4091100 punoj pus po}Ipny oe 16s G6 SF 2 ann ie oe ‘* puey Ul sour[eg ,, ee ee Aya100g jefoy 04 papsremioy suotdisosqne ,, 0 6 8 aes) i, oe Hs asouepusyiVy , |9 0 OL ah. "* £qato0g ;ehoy woz query ,, 9 Z $ oe see solupung pue sodeqsog ” 0 0 LI eee eee eee eee suor4gdriaosqng 35 0+Fr & ns sanuug sg ie ¢ ~ °° 7 * paeMJOy 4YSno1q souR[T Ey OF, pit Zs ‘SLNAWESANASIG] ‘Dp ‘8 F "SLI IAT Y a0) ‘aq ‘OO6T-6681T AVAA DHL WHOA SLINAWASHAASI(T GNV SLdIGOTyY __- ‘VITVULSNV HLOAOS JO ALAIOOS 1VAOU AHL JO NOILOUS SLSTIVYOLYN ATI 204 ASTRONOMICAL SECTION OF THE — Ropal Society of South Australia. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. The Committee have to report that the Section has held six ordinary meetings during the past year, and subjects of interest have been discussed, such as meteors, sun spots, &c. Some of our members kept watch for the Leonid showers in November last. Mr. Russel gave a popular lecture, entitled “An Astro- nomical Evening,” illustrated by lantern views, at the Society’s room, to a good attendance. In June the President, Sir Charles ‘Todd, gave an interesting paper on ‘“ The Sun and its Eclipses,” illustrated by elaborately prepared diagrams, which he repeated (by request) for the benefit of the general public a few weeks later at the Royal Society’s Room, at which there was also a large attendance. The Committee have met six times for business. The Section mow has three English magazines, which treat of astronomical subjects, and members can obtain them for perusal on applica- tion to Mr. Hurst, office of the Postmaster-General, Adelaide. The “Astronomical Notes”—published monthly sinec July, 1892, and consequently now in their ninth year—have appeared with consistent regularity during the past year, and, as formerly, have proved of a highly satisfactory nature. The question box is still open to enquirers. Adopted at the annual meeting of the Section, held at the Adelaide Observatory on the evening of Tuesday, September 11, 11900. C. Topp, President. W. E. Curesman, Hon. Secretary. ‘SHLIAGINO “A GUVHOI . 3 ‘00/6/OT ‘400100 punogz pue poTpny ‘00g ‘UO ‘NVINSHHHO “A “MA ‘quepiselg “dOL ‘0 ‘poydope pure “Qo6T ‘oquieydeg WATT play Suyooyy Tenuuy ze proy IL 9 6&¢ 119 68% S fist =; ~ pt 4 soured ,, S400 of pe oa surjuiug pue Arau014e4¢ ,, afro a - ah yoog oqnury, ,, a I eS - es = = SOUIZeSeT ,, SOL * hb aol . ’ iter be anfoueiey p fh re DR \uelie 2. SS ae poe it uy ;? eit os) adienga ’ gelabige vote 4 fA, ba 8 equ > 7 oe a 29] yp tt wie iPr, .. ve : nhl Oo ee Lee A i wel tH rig ‘ 7 oa a af ores?" , ye art an aed padtereoay liad 7 ya L "7. oan - = ~ . wil? ty ry: "" " 7 " 8 lu rele Wout Avene Br) diah jo. a8 rot .wintasenial ; I. af 4 Ae aie *virhie Wen Wit tt ah ie ; ws ee : ; It enon) ctrl Te RiP AOR die vithanciie . iy Sefh® ) GOT tls Olena ae fe ilet TY ,aont co glow bevtpolpsbDry ; ‘ 7 is ! I yt . Ait bs i t ~ 4 Piller to ' ; R Amer at val HOLE Aina ee 2 80 baw ‘ “iy ee ste Or du Dantes’) Th weenie we On fathic : Uk ku 90" r : j . : TED ety wre Ol aviniia ys \ a +y"! Jip} mete 45 cables 4 é aie LTE cia Tie? pO, where wal ef vith : 7) i fae hide appt i e in ‘ ; Jt pe ine oe ey aiptonnotel | 13 sone OQRIEs OS dann th, : or 1 bt cutie ewe 7O0D Aoi meme E¢ hy MO’; | a Pat @i TTC akt atl Ls ae | rioi poortiate 66 4G) 3 ( i it rt fritreize Altotall ry ove re 4 \o xe éant) {4 toll 0a Gey See 7 au bileupe ellentgdg 2 (0 bike Wine wrenqage Hately? 2. eae et eee As table Pa ‘Re UTR Yo easy aie i. AR eet i) Aine yeeT wi e suk fa enacted 2'¢ bd ab teal mi Ud OLE ees Ae } a ats * ; +} + Bi pipette! Cod? a ; ., autotest, POOP eae See . y , "06O) ru GOT ae ; id al sn4 bi nrapled @ . 2 '* ie) arty ali a mi cet ey Le Beey ‘ p ; M © .oc1e re | h ft aU ge si | staal A wis JU shoal Meckentae — tee bert Jest era eh: ‘braded wt “ “6 cs ae! in, par, it ( — ae ——— ss - + a a ‘ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Pag MOb. ARV Part, T° ie ISSUED AUGUST, 1901. eae Adelaide : i Wz. ©. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. els. for transmission to the Royal Society of South f tralia, from Europe and America, should be addressed E pee it dat care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co,; OB ota ‘Street, Cheapside, London. LES neat Me pee | ey Wa DS Oe ee eee! 2 ; v bh * © 7 = : TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS REPORT OF THE ~ ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA. VOL. XXV. {With Five PLATEs. ] EDITED BY WALTER HOWCHIN, F.GS. ISSUED DECEMBER, 1901. Adelaide : W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET. Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed **per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadows & Co., 35, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.” a ee eee Roval Society of South Australia. Patron: HIS EXCELLENCY LORD TENNYSON. CD ES EO aa ee [ELECTED OcToBER, 1901.) President : PROFESSOR E. H. RENNIE, D.Sc., F.C.S. Vice=Presidents : W. L. CLELAND, M.B. WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S. (Representative Governor). bon. Creasurer : Bon. Secretary: WALTER RUTT, C.E. G. .G. MAYO, C.E. \ Members of Council : EDWIN ASHBY A. M. MORGAN, M.B., Cu.B. REV. THOS. BLACKBURN, B.A. W. B. POOLE . SAMUEL DIXON W. H. SELWAY Auditor : J. S. LLOYD. Z : Se NOEB NTS. PART I. (Issued August, 1900). PAGE Howcnin, WALTER: Suggestions on the Origin of the Salt Lagoons of Southern Yorke Peninsula - . - - - 1 Howcuin, WALTER: Preliminary Note on the Existence of Glacial Beds of Cambrian Age in South Australia . - - 10 GoypbsR, G. A.: A South Australian Meteorite (Plates I. and Ia.) - 14 BLACKBURN, Rev. T.: ue Notes on Australian Coleoptera (XX VIII.) : 2 if 2 ¥ u 15 CxHEwiIneGs, Cuas. : Notes on Glacial an of be thane Age in sted North of South Australia - - . 45 DernNant, J.: Description of New Species of Corals from the Aus- tralian Tertiaries (Plate II.) - - - - - 48 Howcuix, WaALTER:, Notes on the ate Volcanoes of Mount Gambier and Mount Schank - - - - 54 PART II, (Issued December, 1901). Lower, OswaLp B.: Description of New Australian Lepidoptera - 63 BLAcKBURN, Rev. T.: Further Notes on Australian Coleoptera (XXIX.) - - - - - - : - 99 AsHBY, Epwin: A List of Birds Collected in Western Australia - 132 AsuBy, Epwin, and Torr, W. G.: Fossil Polyplacophora from Eocene Beds of Victoria - - - . ; - 136 Basepow, HERBERT : On the Occurrence of Miocene Limestones at Edithburgh and their Stratigraphical Relationship to the Eocene of Wool Bay, with ence aaah of a rial si os hes by Prof. R. Tate (Plate III.) - - 145 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS - - - - - - 149 ANNUAL REPORT - - - : - - 154 BALANCE SHEET - - - : : . - 156 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS - - : . - - 157 Donations To LIBRARY - - - : - - 170 List or FELLows - - : - - - - 178 PROCEEDINGS, ANNUAL REPORT, AND BALANCE-SHEET OF THE FIELD , NATURALISTS’ SECTION - . ° ° . » 1S) v on wae ene 7 wnt a? id ot! ’ . ] : = . ele i ! - 4 < my =. ‘ . io rit mrt { m4 eA? Wu ay i; 7 u BAr\ auld > a : Fan dluboin +) an ag - ; ceduaAe if andi Pia 14) 44 3 ¥. Crate Pee sinh p a ar ) sao (Linck ee Ao ogee ike val hea) vate ‘! ; i ra : 4 ; : le \ EAE Tide 1 wet Al) Seiten oa mo k, CU i i * . } ~ & ; Wald by) dant . ole ett ie ‘Aas rh a } z ; (5 . : ue =) i ieee ish WA eluted: \, alfl PAY eo POTORE nde Vi tg ; rh) acre * © wll aenie: ie Be al tis 7 ) e mritt me | | : . a # ake LA “nl ny riay ‘ hs Ria f Py ; Pray ra ayer TY yt log Ms ob ck Ve ri a F oe ih es, id 4 HM ' = ¢ coy ‘ee 5 jwise? of seat 4 tae “ae % ie ve pi ,) | ri Set. Sere hee 10 vOut ov ts Sr E ms ra b = a, ~ ‘iy, sy . ‘ ‘wet zt pf ~ yy } ' . ’ a rf i bd Spe Yi 7 i - . ri : ry ind . ary jut S21) ) we 10) re ST a 7 ae Rite, ay ’ ufet , ras? t ve beeaad 4 mar od avokelh! eentlawn SO ae A 4 e. iq ; ; 48 a et 2 . ‘Si ie * 4 : aD A s ; j me i St e vo air ae ie ' bevel Litt) Hw Qed bidy aie ‘ aa LPs - 7 rar 7 a | . bfa' ("TE QUOD. bisa at ie ‘ @ ‘ 4 4 i 4 ah | ; ee ‘ “f aie a. ox 1 : ». “fl ie sO i “J “ . mm itty ch } i ; 5} ¥ x é : : he ; © baer’. Oy bb hye aint) at) it y" wa WANA y a “ | ; rere eile we ) the regular longitudinal rows of granules on the elytra,—the subsutural row very short, the next longer, the external row passing the middle of the elytra,—these granules being glabrous ; (c) the antenne shorter than the body in both sexes ; (d) the unusual form of the pubescent area on the (appa- rently) second ventral segment of the male which appears like a mere transverse band of pilosity not nearly reaching the middle of the segment,—its hind margin straight. The apex of the elytra is so densely pilose that it is difficult to be sure of its shape; and from one point of view it seems to be rounded, from another feebly truncate. I cannot make this species fit the description of any of Mr. Pascoe’s species of Symphyletes, but they are so brief and vague that certainty is scarcely possible. The species that seem to be most like it, however, have elytra either crested or spinose at the base, or at the apex very different from those of the present insect. N.W. Australia (in S.A. Museum; also sent by Mr. Masters). S. fasciatus, sp. nov. Sat robustus; piceus, pube cinerea et ochrea sat dense (sed in elytrorum partibus basalibus et apicali- bus sparsim maculatim) vestitus, pedibus rufis ; capite haud convexo-elevato, linea nigra longitudinali impresso, sparsim punctulato, clypeo antice truncato ; oculis sat magnis (quam S. nodosi, Newm., perspicue majoribus); antennis subtus sat dense ciliatis ; prothorace inzequali (pone apicem transversim late concavo, in disco medio tuberculis parvis 2—his linea subtili connexis—et postice inque lateribus tuberculis sub- obsoletis nonnullis munito) ; elytris in parte dimidia antica subseriatim granuliferis sed haud cristatis, sat crebre minus 40 fortiter punctulatis, ad apicem fortiter emarginatis et bispinosis. Maris antennis quam corpus sublongioribus, articulo apicali curvato-appendiculato ; segmento ventrali basali ad apicem et segmenti 2' area angusta basali subparallela (hac segmen- tum medium haud attingenti) dense ochreo-pilosis. Femine antennis quam corpus brevioribus, articulo ultimo vix appendiculato. Long., 121.; lat., 41. Over the whole surface except the elytra there is an even clothing of ashy pubescence vaguely intermingled with ochreous. The antennz are clothed with ashy fine pubescence the joints beyond the second having their apices (successively less widely) glabrous. The elytra are pubescent across the base to about the distance of the apex of the scutellum ; then comes a nearly glab- rous zone bearing only a few small pubescent spots and reaching back to about the apex of the basal one-fifth of the elytra ; the next zone is densely pubescent (nitid granules however, protrud- ing through the pubescence and a somewhat triangular subglab- rous space interrupting the pubescence on the lateral margin), {its front margin being nearly straight, its hind margin strongly concave ; the apical zone (not much less in length than half the elytra measured on the suture, and about one-third measured on the lateral margin) is sparsely studded with small pubescent spots on the almost glabrous derm. The pubescent variegation of the elytra is much like that in S. cinnamomeus, Pasc., and Rhytiphora latifasciatus, Pasc.,— from the first of which this species differs inter alia by the elytra not being crested at the base and from the other—independently of generic characters—by the deeply emarginate and _ biapiculate apex of each elytron. If I am correct in my identification of the two species just mentioned they also differ from S. fasciatus in their sexual characters. N. Queensland ; sent by Mr. French from Port Mackay. RHYTIPHORA, S. uniformis, sp. nov. Fem. Minus elongata; sat parallela ; picea plus minusve rufescens, antennis palpis pedibusque manifeste rufescentibus ; pube albido-cinerea dense vestita, hac (texemplis abrasis) in partibus nonnullis carenti sicut macule glabra apparent ; capite sparsim subtilius punctulato, supra sat elevato-convexo (fere ut &. latifusciate, Pasc.), linea longitudinali impresso, clypeo antice angusto triangu- lariter emarginato; oculis modicis sat fortiter granulatis (fere ut R. latifasciate) ; antennis quam corpus sublongiori- bus, plus minusve pube albida subtili vestitis, subtus pilis sat elongatis sat dense fimbriatis, articulo 3° quam 1” fere 4] duplo longiori; prothorace sat cylindrico, ut caput punctulato, subtiliter transversim rugato, lateribus apicem versus tuber- culo armatis ; elytris ad apicem truncatis, antice granulis sat numerosis instructis, postice puncturis sparsis impressis. Long., 8i—9 ].; lat., 22 1. I have two specimens of this insect before me. It is distinguish- able from most of its congeners by its pubescent clothing being all but entirely of a pale ashy colour (the only variegation consist- ing in a faintly ochreous tone on some parts of the sterna). Probably in a perfectly fresh specimen this pubescence covers the derm everywhere except where it is interrupted by small granules and small sparse punctures. In both the examples before me, however, the humeral region of the elytra and some blotches somewhat behind the middle of the elytra are more or less denuded, but I suspect that this is due to abrasion. Another very distinctive character consists in the form of the clypeus the front of which is much narrowed, its apex being less than half the width of the interval between the lower lobes of the eyes, and being triangularly emarginate,—the sides of the emargina- tion acute. I do not think there is any other intelligibly described species combining the characters of Ahytiphora (e.g., head strongly convex above the antennal tubers, eyes not finely granulated) with a clypeus of the form just specified, the basal part of the elytra (as in &. latifasciata, Pasc.) without any basal crest or other conspicuous elevation, vestiture of a uniform colour and antenne strongly and thickly (even more so than in R. Argus, Pasc.) fringed beneath with pilosity. N.W. Australia. R. Simsoni, sp. nov. Robusta ; ferruginea vel rufopicea, anten- nis (articulo basali excepto) obscurioribus; pube cinerea fulvaque variegata ; capite sparsim subobsolete punctulato (sed juxta oculorum lobum superiorem puncturis nonnullis profundis impresso), linea mediana longitudinali impresso, supra sat elevato-convexo (fere ut R. latifasciate, Pasc.), clypeo antice lato truncato; oculis modice granulatis (quam R. latifasciate minus fortiter); antennis (articulo basali excepto) pube nigra albidaque variegatis, subtus pilis sub- tilibus sparsis fimbriatis, articulo 3° quam 1° 2"° que con- juncti parum longiori; prothorace quam longior ut 4} ad 4 latiori, sat cylindrico, vix manifeste punctulato, sat fortiter transversim (et pone mediuin confuse) rugato, lateribus fere inermibus ; elytris longitudinaliter late leviter bisulcatis, in partibus anticis tribus costis brevibus obliquis vel transversis granulisque nitidis inordinatim instructis, sparsim minus fortiter punctulatis, ad apicem subtruncatis. Maris antennis quam corpus vix brevioribus ; segmenti 2' ven- 42 tralis parte antica dimidia ad latera pilis elongatis pallidis dense vestita. Femine antennis manifeste brevioribus, segmento 2° ventrali normali. Long., 8—1011.; lat., 23—41 1. In a perfectly fresh specimen the upper surface is covered with a very fine grey pubescence scarcely noticeable by the naked eye. On this, markings are formed by longer and denser pubescence of intermingled whitish and ochreous colour, presenting on the head variable spots and lines, on the pronotum numerous small specks, on the elytra a kind of network of spots and blotches which arrange themselves most conspicuously behind the scutellum, on the lateral margin behind the shoulder, in a flexvous fascia behind the middle, and in an aggregate filling up the apex. The markings however are little to be relied upon as they are variable and very easily rubbed off and an even slightly rubbed example does not look as if its markings had ever been as described above. The species, however, is easily recognisable by structural charac- ters,—especially its head almost punctureless but having a few very deep punctures close to the inner margin of the upper lobe of the eye,—its elytra each with two very wide shallow longi- tudinal impressions not nearly reaching either the base or apex (best seen in abraded specimens),-—its elytra studded on the whole front three quarters of their area with strong and somewhat coarse shiny granules and short ridges (not unlike those on the front part of the elytra of Penthea sannio, Newm.) which are not at all concealed by the pubescence,—and the male characters on the second ventral segment. These consist of a space on each side extending along the front margin of the segment from the lateral margin nearly to the middle and limited hindward by a curved line joining the extremities of the front of the space and reaching hindward to about the middle of the segment,—the part of the segment not occupied by this space being pubescent and marked uniformly with the other segments, but the space itself being densely clothed with long soft pale hairs. This insect is very likely to be the Rhytiphora referred to by Mr. Gahan (Tr. E.8., Lond., 1893) as possibly identical with caprina, Newm., or mista, Newm., neither of which is intelligibly described,—or (judged by Mr. Gahan’s remarks) recognisable by comparison with the types. The former seems to be much smaller than the smallest specimen [ have seen of the present insect and is described as having “dentiform tubercles near the base of the elytra” (very different from the sculpture of the present species), and the latter I take to be an allied but very distinct species widely distributed in Southern Australia of which I have seen many examples. Tasmania; given to me by Mr. Simson. It is found on Casuarina. 43 CORRHENES. CO. paucilla, sp. nov. Picea plus minusve rufescens ; pilis subtili- bus erectis sat crebre instructa et pube grisea vestita, hac pube fusca et albida intermixta; antennis minus robustis, quam corpus vix brevioribus, articulis singulis pube pallide fusca albidaque confuse variegatis, articulo 3° quam 1” sat longiori; oculis sat fortiter granulatis; prothorace paruin transverso, supra sat quali (longitudinaliter obsolete carinato), lateribus antice dente perspicuo armatis ; elytris sat crebre sat fortiter punctulatis, ad apicem rotundatis. Long., 42 1.; lat., 121. This species differs in some structural characters from C. paulla, Germ. (the type of Corrhenes), but I cannot ascertain that any other genus has been founded in which it could be placed and its divergence from Corrhenes is scarcely sufficient to justify making it the type of a new genus. [ts antenne are evidently less robust than those of C. paulla, its eyes are more strongly granulate, and the lateral tubercles of its prothorax (though similarly situated) are notably better defined. Unfortunately the descriptions of nearly all the Australian species attributed to Corrhenes are of the slightest and most un- satisfactory kind and there is comparatively little in them except loose diagnoses of colour and markings. As, however, these seem to be but little subject to variety (judged by C. paulla, Germ.,— the only Oorrhenes of which I have seen numerous examples) it is perhaps fairly safe to assume that a Corrhenes differing mar- kedly in these respects from all previous descriptions is a good new species. The present insect is covered on the upper surface with close and somewhat coarse pale brown pubescence variegated with dark brown and whitish. The dark brown pubescence forms a line running backward from the inner margin of each eye and con- tinued on the pronotum to akout its middle, the two lines being curved in such fashion as almost to meet on the front margin of the pronotum ; the dark pubescence also forms a large ill-defined common blotch behind the scutellum. The whitish pubescence is chiefly along the base of the elytra, along the middle part of the suture, and (somewhat behind the middle) on the disc of the elytra where it forms a somewhat wide fascia (with its front and hind margins strongly zigzagged) running obliquely forward from the lateral margin but not reaching the suture. This fascia is much more sharply defined in some examples than in others. The under surface is uniformly covered with pubescence of a whitish brown colour. The antenne femora tibie and tarsi are variegated with dark and light brown pubescence. 44 Compared with C. paulla, Germ., the form is a trifle shorter and more robust, the antennze are less robust and the separate joints are mottled (or spotted) with light and dark brown (the apical part of each chiefly dark brown), the eyes are a trifle larger and distinctly more strongly granulate, the sides of the prothorax are tubercled near the front almost as in a Micracantha, and the general arrangement of colours differs considerably. The prosternum and mesosternaum subtruncate on their opposite faces and the upper surface clothed with long erect soft hairs are generic characters. N.W. Australia (sent by Mr. Masters). a dee dl Sain I >» . NOTES ON GLACIAL BEDS OF CAMBRIAN AGE IN FAR NORTH OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By Cuas. Cuewines, Ph.D., F.G.S. [Communicated by Pror. Tare. | [Read May 7, 1901.] The Note on the Glacial Beds of Cambrian Age in South Australia, read by Mr. Walter Howchin, F.G.S., before the Royal Society of South Australia, has greatly interested me for the following, amongst other, reasons :—While in the service of the Umberatana Trust, in July, 1899, I visited the Worturpa gold discovery, and saw in that neighbourhood a very extensive rock formation that resembles so closely the description Mr. Howchin gives—as published in the Hegister of April 3rd—that I do not hesitate to say that a rock formation identical in character has a very extensive development in the Flinders Ranges, much farther North than Mr. Howchin has had an opportunity of seeing. I may here state that, through having other duties to attend to, it was not possible for me to make more than a casual and very hurried examination of the beds I refer to, and I had to leave the district, much to my regret, without making the close investigation I had promised myself ; and no opportunity has presented itself to me to visit the locality since. I hesitated, in the absence of striz markings, &c., which I had not seen, to call the beds other than Conglomerate, because (1) Cambrian glacial “ till” is not seen every day, and (2) the discovery of such had not been made, to my knowledge, in the Southern Hemisphere at that time; (3) the boulders in places were rounded off, and (4) to classify the beds as glacial till of Cambrian age, without being sure, was premature. I may say that from the fossils found near Beltana, and lithological and stratigraphical characteristics generally, and also failing to find any trace of fossils, 1 supposed the beds to be of Cambrian age. It is quite certain they are not younger than the old Palzozoics. I congratulate Mr. Howchin on being the first to discover indis- putable evidence of ice action, Worturpa lies 60 to 70 miles easterly from Leigh’s Creek Railway Station. Hereabouts is one of the roughest parts of the Flinders Ranges. Benbonyathe, the highest point, is not far off. In most directions the country is rough and rugged in the 46 extreme. Bold mountain tops rise here and there. Serrated ridges, with precipitous and over-hanging escarpments, form impassable barriers for miles. The rough boulder-bestrewn creek channels, full of teatree thickets, are about the only possible ways of entrance into this wilderness of hills. Of such is the district where perhaps the grandest developments of this interest- ing rock formation may be seen. Fortunately, for the investigation of these beds, fairly acces- sible places exist. One is in the Balcanoona Creek, two or three miles 8.E. of the Stone Hut. The bridle-track from Balcanoona Station to Stone Hut runs right across the outcrop, as does also the creek, in which is a permanent running stream of fresh water. The strata stand vertically, and near to that, at this place, which is one of the best exposures I saw. The outcropping edges would be—speaking from memory—one to two miles across. The strike of the beds is N.E. to N.N.E., and the till, or conglomerate, bands of rock form the core of this range, which we may, for distinctive purposes, call the Mt. McTaggart Range, as a moun- tain so designated is a conspicuous landmark in it a few miles farther north. I should say that the beds rise eight, ten, and fifteen hundred feet above the plain. On the S.E. side of the beds, the erratics—which in places would weigh many tons— decrease in numbers, and graduate off until the rock is sand- stone, quartzite, and farther afield, limestone and mudstone. On the N.W. side the beds are backed up by slate and massive mag- nesian-limestone bands. In this direction a great development of crystalline limestone occurs of several square miles in extent. This limestone appears as a local and distinctive feature. Away to the south, banded and blue limestone of considerable extent is seen in the south branch of the John Creek, but it bears slight resemblance to the Worturpa white crystalline limestone. I may here state that cupriferous veins occur in all the rocks men- tioned. Ironstone blows, with crystals of magnetite, are also seen; and extensive areas of rock are stained black with manganese. This latter is particularly the case in another place, where the beds have a very extensive development, viz., going north and following the Italowie Creek from the Italowie Gap towards Worturpa. The bridle-track leads over miles of this rock, here composed for the most part of red sandstone and quartzite, filled with erratics. Many of the erratics have been sheared through by earth movements as clean as has the matrix in which they are embedded. The ‘‘till” is first seen close to the gorge entrance, and continues for three or four miles. The high hills on either side, and the gorge, are wholly of the same rock formation. From Balcanoona Creek to this exposure is seven or eight miles, and a a oo eee ee eee Oe eee eee 47 the same geological conditions continue from the one exposure to the other along the Mount McTaggart Range, and for several miles farther north to the mount of that name. West of the mount, along the bridle-track to the Reward Gold Claim, exten- sive exposures are seen. It is also probable that the mount itself, and the range that extends farther north, had a similar origin. The same formation quite likely extends to the Arkaroola Creek, and even beyond that. I saw a conglomerate-quartzite west of the Mount Fitton South Mine. It is not within my personal knowledge that beds identical in character do extend away to the south from those exposures I have mentioned, but from what I saw and heard I suspect that the same will be found to exist at intervals right through to Mr. Howchin’s “farthest North” point. The Flinders Ranges have been so often described that a repe- tition is not necessary here, but I may say that the “till” band or bands herein noticed form a part of the primary rock formations in that range, and were subjected at a distant geological date— earlier than the Cretaceous period—to tremendous earth move- ments. In the instances under notice the effects of disturbance are everywhere apparent, and it is more than probable—seeing on how vast a scale the rocks have been thrown about, and also how dependent such formations are on the contour of the country during their formation—that the recognisable outcrops will by no means follow a straight course, nor be continuous throughout. The Worturpa exposures, however, to my mind, practically extend the known area over which glacial action obtained in Cambrian times to more than double the longitudinal distance shown by Mr. Howchin, and to have oecupied—in general terms —the entire length of the Mount Lofty and Flinders Ranges. The elevated area of land on which the incap rested, and from which the material was derived to build up the till at Worturpa —judging from the dip of the strata over a considerable area— lay to the North, West, and South-West ; but this must only be regarded as a suggestion. That such an interesting and prominent, and I may say his- torically important, feature should have remained so long undis- covered, shows how little is really known, and how necessary a detailed examination and geological mapping of the State has become. 48 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF CORALS FROM THE AUSTRALIAN TERTIARIES. By J. Dennant, F.G:S. [Read May 7, 1901.] Parr Tin Plate IT. In the present paper I remark further upon the genus Trematotrochus, and describe three additional species belonging to it. In Part I. of this series of articles [ placed the genus Tremato- trochus amongst the EHupsammide, in the section Madreporaria Perforata, because both in Tenison Woods’ type species, 7! fenestratus, and in T. Clarkii, the new one described, there are intercostal pores in the wall. A similar perforation of the wall is also conspicuous in 7. complanatus and T. iateroplenus, species described in Part II. Since doubt has been expressed by some European writers as to the actual penetration of the mural pores in Woods’ species, I take the present opportunity of supplying a drawing of the internal wall, as seen under the microscope by transmitted light. A specimen was hardened with Canada balsam, mounted on a slide, and then divided longitudinally, the inner as well as the outer surface of the mounted half being left intact. That light is now freely admitted through the pores is evident from the drawing (Pl. IL. fig. 1). I have next to call attention to two interesting corals, in which the wall, though fenestrated in the manner characteristic of Trematotrochus, is not actually perforate. The intercostal spaces are, as usual, regularly crossed by thin transverse bars, with pore-like cavities between ; but the latter do not penetrate the theca. In external appear- ance, as well as in the arrangement of their septa, costx, Xc., these species are analogous to the Trematotrochi already described, and I, therefore, include them in the same genus. My revised diagnosis of that genus will, I consider, admit them, the wall being described as incomplete in the intercostal spaces, and regularly fenestrated. By their inclusion, however, it becomes necessary to review the position of the genus itself in the madreporarian series. Of the seven species now known, 7. Clarkii, the only Miocene one in the genus, has strong Eupsammian affinities. Two of those figured below, viz, Z. Kitsont and TZ. declivis, might — 49 perhaps be described as Turbinolids with a fenestrated wall, while the remainder are intermediate in character. So far as development is concerned, there can be but little doubt that T. Clarkii, the Miocene species, has descended from 7. fenestratus, a widely spread Eocene coral. Again, 7. Kitsoni is specially characteristic of certain Eocene beds antecedent in age to those from which the closely allied forms TZ. complanatus and T. latero- plenus have been recorded. The calice of 7. Kitsoni is very similar to that of 7. lateroplenus—and, indeed, almost the only important difference between the two corals is that in the latter the mural pores completely penetrate the wall, while in the former they do not. On the strength of such striking analogies between these species, I venture to suggest that the younger of the two has been derived from the older. I may add that T. fenestratus ranges throughout the Eocene, while 7. declivis is restricted to a single outcrop, which I correlate with the oider beds. The above suggestion of mine touches, of course, upon a debate- able question, viz., the development of the perforate type of corals from the nen-perforate. Instead of attempting to discuss this subject myself, I prefer to direct attention to the able remarks made upon it by Dr. J. W. Gregory in the Introductory Note to his Monograph of the Jurassic Corals of Cutch.* It will be seen by the following short extract from that work that the genus I am now dealing with is regarded as an important factor in the question at issue :— “Tt is true that there are some remarkable resemblances between the three families of Perforata and the three groups of non-perforate Madreporaria. The simple Eupsammide are in many ways like the Turbinolide. . . The parallelism between the groups of cainozoic Perforata and mesozoic non-perforate corals may be either a case of homoplastic modifications in two series of corals, or it may indicate that the three families of Perforata have descended from different members of the non- Perforata, the porous character of the later corals being indepen- dently acquired, like the bipedal habit of birds, of some reptiles and some mammals, ‘The latter explanation would necessitate the dismemberment of the group Perforata, and it appears to be supported by the asserted occurrence of mural pores in some Turbinolide. This assertion rests in the main on Trematotrochus, a genus founded by J. E. T.-Woods. . . So far as I am aware, no specimen has been seen in Europe, and the only figure available is the original published by Woods. . , The coral may be one of the Eupsammide.” * Pal. Ind., ser. IX., vol. II., part II. (1900). D 50 Reference has also been made to this genus by Dr. Maria M Ogilvie, who states that pores are present in its theca in the same position as the intercostal dimples of Turbinolia, and in the same position as the pores in the thece of ZLurbinaria, Porites, and Madrepora.* But by Miss Ogilvie’s scheme for the classifi. cation of corals, which is based on the microscopic study of the skeletal features, the two families of Turbinolide and Eupsam- midz are not only placed far apart, but they are regarded as sprung from separate main trunks.; Her conclusions appear to be contradicted by the Australian genus under review, which, with a Eupsammian-like wall, has yet certain affinities with Turbinolids. Further consideration of the classification of Trematotrochus will be best postponed till the present series of papers is com- pleted. The species now to be described are the following :— Trematotrochus Kitsoni, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 2a, b, c. Corallum small, free, and compressed. It is a flattened cone in shape, with a rounded, sub-acute apex. Calice shallow and elliptical, with its diameters in the ratio of 100 to 75. Septa granular, and in six systems with four cycles, of which the fourth is developed only in the end systems. In this respect the coral resembles 7. lateroplenus. The primaries are stout, and the remaining cycles diminish in thickness according to order. As a rule, the septa are free; but, as in the type calice, some may be irregularly united towards the columella by means of intermediate solid tissue. Stereoplasm is also developed to some extent in the interseptal loculi. Columella elongate, nodular at its upper surface, and almost spongy inferiorly. The primary and secondary septa are fused with it either directly or by means of thin processes. There are no pali, but the thickened ends of some septa, chiefly the secon- dary, may be regarded as paliform lobes. The costz, or septo-coste, as they may appropriately be called, are minutely granular, sub-equal in thickness, and prominent on the wall of the corallum. Those of the first and second orders unite at the base ; just above this the secondaries are joined by the tertiaries, and the latter again by the quaternaries a little higher on the wall. The intercostal spaces are about equal in width to the cost, and are crossed by a regular series of trans- verse bars, which separate longitudinal cavities in the wall. There is, however, no real penetration of this, as in the previously * Microscopic and Systematic Study of Madreporarian Types of Corals. Phil. Trans., ser. B., vol. CLXX XVII. (1897), pp. 249 and 333. t Op. cit., p. 296. ; 51 described species, the pore-like cavities only extending about half- way through the theca. In looking down upon the calice, the marginal portions of the uppermost row of intercostal bars can be seen as an outer wall just below the summit of the internal one. The bars themselves are solid, and form an integral part of the solid theca of the corallum. The structure of the wall is clearly indicated in a specimen from the Cape Otway section, which was fractured during fossilization (Pl. IL, fig. 2c). The coral is not divided down the centre, but at the angle of two opposite primary septa; and the slight projection on each side of the fractured surface represents tne thecal connection between primary and adjoining quaternary cycles of cost. Internally this is solid, but externally it consists merely of a series of thin transverse bars. Height of corallum, 6 mm.; length of calice, 55 mm., breadth of calice, 4:2 mm. The specimens vary in size, and slightly also in proportionate measurements. The above dimensions refer to a large one selected as type for the calice. The corallum figured is 55 mm. high. An example from Adelaide, which is fractured similarly to the figured one from Cape Otway, is 5 mm. high. Localities—Abundant in the earlier Eocene of Adelaide bore, Cape Otway, and Wilkinson’s Aire Coastal Section No. 4 (types), Rare in the later Eocene, west of Gellibrand River. The species is named after Mr. A. E. Kitson, in recognition of, his discovery of additional Tertiary outcrops in the vicinity of the Aire River. Trematotrochus declivis, spec. nov. PI. ii., fig. 3a, d. The corallum is in outJine an inverted short cone, with a steeply sloping surface. It is an elegant species, and by far the largest of the Trematrochi. The base is sub-acute, and the calice is wide, open, and slightly elliptical. The ratio of the diameters of the ellipse in the type is as 100 to 89, but in another and somewhat larger example this becomes 100 to 95. Septa in six systems, with four cycles, all of which are regu- larly developed. The first two orders are stout and exsert, especially the primaries ; the tertiaries are much smaller, while the quaternaries are thin and comparatively inconspicuous laminz. Some septa are occasionally notched near their central terminations, but this is not a regular feature of the calice. The columella consists superficially of a thin, tortuous, rod-like structure, with occasional projections on its surface. Offshoots from it to some of the septa simulate pali, but from their irregular development I judge them to be merely portions of a fascicular columella. All the septa of the first and second orders are fused to the columella, either by these paliform offshoots or by solid processes just below its surface. 5 59 The cost, which are continuations of the septa, are stout and prominent on the wall. The primaries and secondaries are equal, and a little thicker than the tertiaries and quaternaries, which are also equal. All gradually diminish in size towards the base of the corallum. The first three cycles unite at the base, and the tertiaries are joined by the quaternaries a little higher up. Each intercostal space is crossed by a regular series of transverse bars, with pore-like cavities between. In one specimen I counted 27 bars, with their corresponding cavities, between two adjacent costee. Asin the case of 7. Kitsoni, these cavities do not penetrate the wall, which is continuous within the calycle. Similarly, also, the theca of this coral is stout, except where reduced in thickness by the series of cavities in the intercostal spaces. Height of corallum, 7°5 mm.; length of calice, 8-6 mm.; breadth of calice, 7°8 mm. These are the dimensions of the type. A larger specimen obtained lately is 10 mm. high, and has an almost circular calice, its diameters being respectively 10 mm. and 9:5 mm. Localities.—Rare in an outcrop of the older Eocene at the mouth of Brown’s Creek (adjoining Joanna River), on the south coast of Victoria. Four specimens, of which one is less than half the size of the type. This species, as well as the section in which it occurs, was dis- covered by Mr. Kitson in 1899. Trematotrochus Mulderi, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 4a, b. Corallum small, free, very much compressed, and long in pro- portion to its breadth. Both the anterior and lateral surfaces slope gently to a flatly rounded base. Calice subplane and elliptical, with its diameters in the ratio of 100 to 59. Septa straight, free, and in six systems, with three complete cycles, of which the third is very thin, and projects but a short distance into the calice. The two principal orders are stout, especially the primaries, and unite with the columella by lobed and thickened ends. The columella is large, prominent, and elongate, with a nodular surface. A transverse section of a corallum cut at about one- third from the base shows a solid interior without a trace of the septa or columella. In another example cut midway between the base and calice the interseptal loculi are still open. A third corallum cut longitudinally has the calycle solid almost to its summit, but the former outlines of the septa are faintly marked nearly to the base. Possibly the infilling of the visceral chambers in this species is due to a secondary deposition of carbonate of lime. As a fact, not only the corals, but other organisms from Plate IT, Vol. XXYV. ~ ~ y a ~ = = = Py Q 53 = K kK wy x Y 4 k a lok oe 53 the same fossil bed—e.g., the mollusca—are much invested with concretionary calcareous matter. This peculiarity was commented upon by Messrs. Hall and Pritchard when describing the geological section.* The costz, which are minutely granular, are continuations of the septa, and vary in size according to their position on the corallum, and not according to their cyclical order. On the central portions of the anterior surfaces they are subequal and comparatively slender, and then gradually increase in thickness to the lateral primaries, which for such a small coral are very stout. At the actual margin of the calice the difference in the thickness of the costz is inconsiderable, but the central ones rapidly diminish in size as they recede from the summit, while those at the ends become, if anything, a little stouter. In the four lateral systems all the costz are free to the base, but in each central system, while the primaries remain free, the tertiaries fuse with the enclosed secondary low down on the wall. The intercostal spaces are narrower than the coste, and are regularly fenestrated by a series of numerous transverse bars and inter- vening cavities, which, in this species, I regard as real pores penetrating the theca. I have decided this latter point on a single example, which was accidentally fractured for a short distance down an intercostal space. Four or five of the cross bars are left intact, and show a clear passage between each from the outside of the corallum to the interior. In other more perfect individuals this delicate characteristic is practically obscured by the calcareous coating previous!y referred to. Average height of coralla, 6-2 mm.; a long one measures 82mm. The calices are almost uniform in size. The diameters of the type are 3-2 mm. and 1°9 mm, Locality. — Lower beds (Eocene) at Maude. Numerous examples, I have great pleasure in naming this species after Mr. J. F. Mulder, my companion in many geological excursions. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Puate II. Fig. 1. Section of wall of Trematotrochus fenestratus, drawn under the micro- scope with transmitted light. Highly magnified. ; 2. Trematotrochus Kitson. a, corallum, 5 diam.; b, calice, 8 diam; c, section of corallum showing structure of wall, 5diam. (These three drawings represent different specimens.) 3. Trematotrochus declivis. a, corallum, 3 diam.; 0}, calice, 6 diam. 4. Trematotrochus Mulderi. «a. corallum, 5 diam.; b, calice of another specimen, 10 diam. * The Older Tertiaries of Maude. Proc. Roy. Soc., Vic., 1894, p. 187. 54 NOTES ON THE EXTINCT VOLCANOES OF MOUNT GAMBIER AND MOUNT SCHANK, SOUTH AUS= TRALIA. By Watter Howcary, F.G.S. [Read June 4, 1901.] It is somewhat remarkable that the interesting volcanic dis- trict, situated in the south-east of this State, has not been more thoroughly examined and described. No monograph, such as would do justice to the subject, has been attempted, and the strictly scientific literature, dealing with the extinct volcanic phenomena of the district, is very limited. The Rev. Julian E. Woods, in his work, “Geological Observations in South Australia” (1862), devotes three chapters to the subject. Mr. Wood's descriptions are vivid and painstaking, and have long been regarded as the main work on the subject. In 1884 Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, the Government Geologist of South Aus- tralia, published a brief report “On the Lakes in the Mount Gambier District,” accompanied by geological sketch plans showing sections through the principal volcanic mounds, lakes, and deposits. If to these references we add a paragraph in Professor Ralph Tate’s presidential address before the Philoso- phical Society of Adelaide in 1879, we have noted the prin- cipal sources of information that have been published on the subject. There can be little doubt if the country was ex- haustively examined much new light would be thrown on the origin, character, duration, and other aspects of the, volcanic activity. The present notes are of slight pretensions. They do not aim at exhaustive treatment, but are the fruits of a few obser- vations made during a recent brief visit to Mount Gambier and neighborhood. Mount GAMBIER. Mr. Woods advocates the view that the lineal chain of lakes at Mount Gambier represent a series of crater vents. He also believed that in the case of the Blue Lake and the Valley Lake subsidence preceded, and probably gave rise to volcanic vents in these positions, and that, in all, there were five craters in the Mount Gambier group.* Sections of the mate- rial forming the voleanic mound can be seen in many places, el * Op. cit., p. 250, et seq. ied _——s s "¢°-@ 6 55 but they do not tend to sustain Mr. Woods’ theory of multiple vents. The quaquaversal dip points to one centre of eject- ment, whilst the depressed areas of the Blue Lake, the Leg of Mutton Lake, and the Valley Lake are undoubtedly sunken areas, the subsidence taking place late in the period of activity, or even after the volcano ceased to eject material. This was the view taken by Mr. Brown, the Government Geologist, in the report already referred to, where he says: “From the contour of the Blue and Valley Lakes, and Lakes Edward and Leake, together with the appearances in their neighborhood, I think that they are not craters, but merely depressions caused by subsidence of the crust, consequent on the removal from below of such vast quantities of material as it is evident has been erupted.” A. section, visible on the road which passes between the Blue Lake and the Leg of Mutton Lake, shows ejected material dipping away from the Blue Lake toward the Leg of Mutton Lake, looking as if it had formed part of a cone built up around the brink of the former. This I take to be a false dip, caused by the subsidence of the ground where the present Leg of Mutton Lake occurs, and thereby giving a tilt inwards of the beds around the subsided area. The outline of the crater, proper, can be easily traced at the western extremity of the lakes, distinguished by the nearly circular outline of the walls and the quaquaversal dip of the cone. The southern segment is apparently almost intact, constituting the highest point of the Mount. The western and northern walls have suffered considerable erosion, whilst the eastern wall appears to have disappeared with the subsi- dence which gave rise to the Valley Lake. A small sheet of shallow water occupies the bottom of the crater, known as the “Crater Lake” or “Browne’s Lake,” and is alternately an independent sheet of water, or merges into the Valley Lake, as the water of the sunken areas mysteriously rises and falls. The interior of the crater is marked by the presence of much stalactitic lava, which, when broken, has a pitchstone lustre. Some of it is evidently in situ, notably on the western side, where there is a most instructive face, about 30 ft. in height, that must have formed the true walls of the funnel. The consolidated igneous material can be seen in great folds, drip- ping sheets, and bulging bosses, separated by open spaces. The same kind of lava can be seen in situ near the bottom of the crater, as it passes under the lake which occupies the depression. Much stalactitic lava also occurs, mixed with the ash, at all élevations on the inner face of the vent. Some of these isolated fragments have been probably broken from the face of the funnel at lower levels, and hurled upward by force of the ex- plosions. 56 There has been a considerable outflow of lava from the crater at an early stage of the eruption. This lava sheet, which is often very compact, and frequently contains crystals of olivine, can be seen in section both in the cliffs of the Valley Lake ana the Blue Lake. Only a small amount of ash was ejected before this outflow, as is evident by the thin deposit that underlies it, varying from almost nothing up to 2 or 3 ft. in thickness, The normal level of the ground before the eruption is indi- cated by the upper surface of the Eocene limestone, or a thin layer of sandy soil (presenting now a reddish color), which in places can be seen to rest upon this limestone, separating it from the ash or lava beds. The Eocene beds are not visible within the limits of the crater, but they take the form of mural cliffs in the lowest exposed positions surrounding the sunken areas of the Valley and Blue Lakes. The main stream of lava appears to have flowed in the direction of the Blue Lake, as the thickest section (about 50 ft.) occurs in the vertical cliffs of this lake on the side nearest to the crater. When this fine section of lava is viewed from a boat on the water it is peculiarly striking and awe inspiring. The flow in this direction is somewhat irregular, and seems to have thinned out considerably on the eastern side of the lake. In places some instructive sections can be seen where the lava has plcughed up the ash and soil over which it has passed, throw- ing the layers into contortion and consolidating the materia! under igneous action. Good examples of these effects are visible by the side of the path which leads down from the pumping station tio the boathouse, EJECTAMENTA.—The structure of the volcanic cone is remark- ably uniform. The stratification where visible is regular and unbroken, giving no evidence of rupture by igneous intrusions. On the outer slopes of the Mount the volcanic tufa has been reduced under atmospheric conditions to a fine dust, but within the crater the beds are somewhat indurated, probably from heat, which has enabled them the better to res_.+ the disinteg- rating forces. Evidences are abundant that the volcanic fires broke through solid beds of rock in reaching the surface. Large blocks of the local limestones, red and grey dolomite, fossiliferous Eocene, black flints, Tertiary sandstone, and angular frag- ments of lava are abundant, as well as volcanic bombs com- posed of lava or olivine. The dolomitic limestones are altered fossiliferous beds of Eocene age, and are found in situ over- lying the latter in many parts of the district. The ejected fragments of dolomite are indistinguishable in their structure, color, and composition from the stones that are quarried at a 57 distance from the Mount, showing that the dolomitization of these beds had taken place before the period of volcanic ac- tivity. Many of the blocks of limestone contain layers cf black flints in situ, and in mass measure up to 6 and 9 ft. in diameter. The flints, which became separated from their matrix before ejected, are frequently bleached and flaked by the heat to which they have been exposed. The presence of large blocks of lava in the tufa is proof that the periods of activity were intermittent, for such consolidated lava musi have been formed during periods of rest, when the magma may have cooled sufficiently to form a solid plug to the vent, only to be broken and ejected in angular masses when the voleanic forces broke out afresh. Some very large masses of limestone occur almost at the highest point of the cone, showing that the forces of ejectment were intense even in its later stages. The finer material, comprehended under the general term of ash, is highly interesting. It may be said to consist of papill1, ash, and fine earthy material, the latter consisting largely of grains of sand. The presence of alluvial matter extensively mixed with the ash points to the conclusion that the erup- tions were a mixture of mud and scoriaceous material. That this should be the case seems probable from the geological! features of the district, and the indications that the volcanic foci were at shallow depth. The sedimentary rocks that are represented among the ejected material are almost entirely limited to those of Eocene age, which form the superficial geo- logical features of the neighborhood. One or two small frag- ments of a siliceous quartzite were observed in the tufa that may have come from an ofder series below the Tertiary beds, but the almost total absence of such older rocks from the ejectamenta is suggestive. The Eocene limestone is the great water-bearing stratum of the district. The depression of the Blue Lake and others, including the Crater Lake, are below this subterranean water- line; hence they contain water, which in the case of the Blue Lake has an average depth of 250 ft. The whole of this south-eastern country, at the level indicated, is saturated to an enormous extent. There is every reason to think that these hydrographic conditions existed at the time of volcanic activity, and may have acted as an important factor in creating the igneous outbreak. It would also give character to the eruption, and make the vents, more or less, mud volcanoes. There are, indeed, some evidences that a lake existed in or near the Mount Gambier crater before the original eruption, or during a period of quiet. Laminated mud, in irregular blocks, can occasionally be seen in the ejected material. One remark- 58 able example in my possession, obtained when the present road down to the bottom of the crater was being cut, shows a finely laminated sedimentary deposit, thickly covered on the faces of the laminze with vegetable impressions. The deposit is evidently a recent one, and has become hardened, rendered fissile, and the vegetable matter carbonised by the heat. In addition to the sand, which makes up so large a proportion of the “ash” beds, there occur in some parts of the inner face of the cone a fair number of small waterworn quartz pebbles, ranging up to the size of a marble, which it is difficult te account for except on the supposition that they once formed part of a lake beach, or small shingle of a running stream, that occupied the site of the extinct volcano.* Mount ScHANK. This volcanic cone, which rises abruptly from the plain and forms a striking feature in the landscape, is about eight miles south cf Mount Gambier. The Rev. Tenison Woods described Mount Schank as possessing two vents, an older and much wasted cone, and a newer vent, which had formed on the northern rim of the older crater, the newer vent constituting the main Mount of today. Mr. Woods has, I think, en- tirely misunderstood the features of the mountain in this respect. All the appearances indicate that the ejected mate- rial, which has built up the Mount, has come from the same vent. What Mr. Woods regarded as an older crater is a depression caused by the subsidence of the walls of the crater on its southern side. This appears to be the case from the following consideration : (a2) The fracture of the walls in the so-called ‘“‘older crater” is perfectly sharp in outline, and the face has not been obscured in any way by showers of ash, which, on Ten1- son Woods’ theory, \must have been scattered over the base of the mountain, and more or less obliterated the outline of the older crater had it existed. (6) The rim of the “older crater,” instead of being quaqua- versal in its dip, as viewed from its centre, is seen to make a symmetrical curve passing upwards to the sum- mit of what is regarded, in Tenison Woods’ theory, as the “newer vent,” proving that the latter has been the source of the ejected material. (c) The segment of the crater, where the subsidence has taken place, has a greater steepness than other portions in the external slope of the cone, and is concave in outline. 7 Ths is possible that the sand and small shingle which are found among the ejected material may have had their origin from the breaking up’ 0 friable Tertiary sandstones within the limits of the vent. 59 (d) The rim of the crater on the side where the subsidence has taken place is broken in outline, and lower than the rest. (e) The ash beds, which are distinctly stratified within the limits of the vent, are seen tio be faulted as the result of the subsidence. This fracture of the base of the mountain on one side has given a most instructive section of the beds for a thickness of some 60 or 70 ft. Very large blocks of fossiliferous Eocene limestone, as well as the grey and red dolomite, common in the tufaceous material of Mount Gambier, are seen protruding from.the ash beds. One block of limestone measures fully 20 ft. in diameter. It might have been regarded as a natural outcrop had not the evidence been clear that it rests upon the ash, which has been disturbed by the force of its impact. Ejected blocks of lava, whilst common at Mount Gambier, are rare in the cone of Mount Schank, and sa far as I examined the ejected material there is less indication of mud and sand, the finer material of the cone being composed almost entirely of ash, papill, and scorie. Toe Lava Frevp. One of the most interesting features of Mount Schank is the lava field, which occupies the comparatively level ground on its western side, and may be estimated as extending about one and a quarter miles laterally to the Mount and three-quarters of a mile wide. Tenison Woods, in his “Observations” (p. 274, et seq.), says: “It seems, for many reasons, very clear that this streani proceeded from the ancient crater, and not from the more modern one.’ The reasons given for this con- clusion are purely of a theoretical character, and do not rest on inductive observations. In a later passage he says: “This line of lava was, then, a current from Mount Schank’s ancient crater; but, in supposing it to be go, it is not easy to account for the broken undulatory character of the scoriz.” This extraordinary arrangement of the lava, which was a puzzle to Tenison Woods in applying his theory, supplies one of the most important lines of proof which accounts for its existence. The inapplicability of Woods’ theory to the facts is seen in that the lava thins out as it approaches that side of the Mount from whence he supposed it to have originated, and we have already shown that what he considered an “older crater’ is nething more than a local subsidence of a similar kind as has occurred around the Mount Gambier crater. A careful examination of the lava field reveals the interest- ing fact that it has not been the product of one great outflow of lava proceeding from a single vent, but rather a network of 60 fissures existed throughout the area, out of which the lava was obtruded in limited quantities. The field exhibits an ever- varying surface of rough ridges and bosses of lava, which rise from 12 to 20 ft. above the normal level. In a few instances a stream has flowed for a short distance, but, for the most part, the lava has formed as an excrescence over the fissure from which it exuded, and the feeble attempts at flow have been circumscribed by other lava ridges which existed in close proxi- mity. A very instructive example of the way in which these lava ridges and bosses have been formed can be seen in an isolated ridge, which evidently owes its existence to a fissure on the north-west side of the mountain, originating at the base of the cone, and extending for about a quarter of a mile in a direc- tion at right angles to the Mount. The lava is in the form of a steep broken ridge, which reaches a maximum height of about 40 ft. There is no sign of a stream or lateral outflow, but the igneous material has penetrated the superincumbent ashbeds in the form of intrusive veins, and thrown the beds in places into a high angle of dip. In consequence of this dis- placement of the superficial beds of ash the latter supplied the lateral walls by which the igneous rock was confined, where it imperfectly broke through the surface. The fissure has apparently greatly varied in its size at different points of its length. Thiscan be noted by the broken outline of the ridge, dying out almost to nothing at one spot, and at others in a ~ high angle of outcrop, forming an igneous boss that looks like a great basaltic wall. Where the road crosses this ridge, which it does in one of its gaps, some excavation has been carried out and revealed a most interesting section, showing the relationship of the lava to the older ash beds. Tongues of lava can be seen penetrating the ashbeds, distorting them, but do not reach the surface. Others, somewhat stronger, break through the superincumbent mass and reach the surface. The section now described forms the bank on the east side of the road. On the west side of the same cutting the ashbeds are practically undisturbed, but within a few yards they are raised at a high angle, and the lava of the ridge reaches its greatest altitude in the height already mentioned. The ridge is separated by a considerable distance from the main lava field; the intervening space is level, and occupied by ash or soil. A question of considerable interest is involved in the rela- tion which the lava deposits bear to the volcanic ash with respect to time. Did the lava eruptions precede the ejectment of ash which built up the cone around the central vent? Or did such eruptions occur concurrently with the showers of ash? 61 Or even after the voleano had lost the power to eject? It is a remarkable fact that whilst the lava field les immediately under the shadow of the mountain it is almost entirely free from ash deposits. The absence of such deposits cannot be re- ferred to erosive effects, as the area contains a great many deep depressions between the walls of lava, which, on such a theory, ought to have been the receptacles of the ash, but they do not contain it, supplying the inference that no great amount of ash could have been thrown out from the crater subsequent to the outbreak of the lava at its foot. On the other hand, a section supplied in the walls of the little lake, which exists immediately at the base of the Mount on its western side, shows the ash deposits entirely superior in position to the lava flow. This small depression, for such :t is, is at a lower level than the present bottom of the cratzr, which accounts for the fact that whilst the latter is dry, the small outside depression has water in it, having sunk below the water level of the district. Around the greater portion of this lake there are vertical walls of Eocene limestone, like those encircling the Valley Lake and the Blue Lake at Mount Gambier. A thin layer of the old surface soil can be noted as resting on the limestone rock, hardened and discolored by the proximity of the igneous sheet which immediately overlies it. The lava at this point is for the most part compact in texture, but on the western side of the depression it is more vesicular, and in stalactitic forms, probably indicating the line of fissure at which the igneous matter reached the sur- face. This is still further rendered probable in that no lime- stone is seen in situ at this particular spot, having presumably been disturbed and removed by the intrusive rock. As already stated, the ash beds in this section entirely overlie the lava fiow, and if they exist in their natural position must demon- strate that this particular sheet of lava was fed from a fissure that probably existed before the tufaceous cone was built up. It is possible, however, that the ashbeds, now covering the lava sheet, may be the effect of a rearrangementof material. Thesite is at the base of the cone, which rises immediately above it at a high angle, and it is not improbable that the scour of the side may have brought down the loose material on to the lava floor, producing a secondary series of deposits. If this was the source of the ashbeds, such rearrangement of material must have taken place before the depression of the lake occurred. The evidence supplied by the great north-west ridge, des- cribed above, is more definite. There we have the igneous rock penetrating and distorting the volcanic tufa, demonstrat- ing the anterior age of the ash. The same thing is proved by this fissure originating some distance up the side of the vol- canic cone, and on which the lava is dependent for support. 62 he order of events, determining the relationship between the tufaceous material and the lava eruptions, may be sug- gested as follows: (a) A primordial lava flow, which originated near the pre- sent small lake, on the western base of the mountain, and flowed over the old land surface before any ash was ejected, and, therefore, before the volcanic cone of tufaceous material existed. (6) The great north-west fissure, which had its origin after a considerable thickness of ash had accumulated, and the cone was approximately developed to its maximum height. (c) The great western lava field had its chief period of acti- vity subsequent to the formation of the tufaceous crater, and probably marks the closing stages of the volcanic energy. It is possible that this fracture of the crust, on the western side of the mountain, and the outflow of molten material may have supplied the vent which relieved the subterranean tension and permitted the extinction of its fires. That the volcanic energy was in a state of decadence is seen from the absence of any one great stream of lava. The lava had little force behind it, and did little more than scar the surfaces of the fissures by which it found an exit. —. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. By Oswatp B. Lower, F.E.S., Lond., &c. [Read October 1, 1901.] BOMBYCINA. OIKETICUS ERIONOTA, 0. Sp. Male, 30 mm. JHead, thorax, abdomen, and legs whitish, densely clothed, face black, collar orange, anterior tibie, and tarsi blackish, middle and posterior pair ochreous. Antenne black. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa faintly sinuate, termen gently bowed, oblique; light greyish fuscous, darker along costa and towards base; cilia grey-whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; colour and cilia as in forewings. Under- side of both wings with costa darker than above. This species is remarkable for the densely haired abdomen and thorax, above and below. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen, at light, in May. ZEUZERA COSCINOPA, 0. Sp. Male, 34 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, legs, and abdomen ashy-grey-whitish, thorax darker in middle. Antenne dull ochreous, pectinations at greatest length 4. Forewings elon- gate, moderate, costa nearly straight, termen gently rounded, very oblique; dull whitish, evenly reticulated throughout, with fine black strigule; median third of wing becoming dark fuscous from base of costa to termen below apex, darkest on anterior half; cilia fuscous—whitish, strongly mixed with blackish. Hindwings with termen gently rounded; whitish, semi-hyaline, more or less finely reticulated with blackish stri- gule, more pronounced at apex and along inner margin; cilia as in forewings. Nearest newrozantha, Lower; but easily distinguished from that species by the absence of yellow veins and darker colour- ing. Roeburne, Western Australia; one specimen. (Type in Colt. Lyell). 64 GEOMETRINA. MOoNOcTENIAD-. EPIDESMIA OPHIOSEMA, N.. Sp. Female, 30 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, legs, and thorax grey-whitish, palpi 24, blackish beneath and on sides, thorax with two longitudinal lateral black stripes. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa nearly straight, faintly sinuate beyond middle, termen nearly straight, hardly oblique ; grey-whitish, with well-defined black markings; costa narrowly dark fuscous from base to very near apex, attenuated anteriorly ; a moderate, somewhat semi-ovate spot in middle of wing, nearer to costa than inner margin; a very thick streak from immediately before base, continued along inner margin to anal angle, thence continued parallel along termen to very near apex, with a very large deep sinuation below semi-ovate -spot, and deeply sinuate posteriorly above inner margin, caus- ing it to appear somewhat triangular above anal angle, and leaving a streak of ground color on inner margin throughout ; _an obscure fuscous line along termen; cilia greyish. Hind- wings with termen nearly straight, apex somewhat prominent ; light fuscous; a dark fuscous discal dot; cilia as in fore- wings. Not very near any other, but very distinct by the thick black markings. Perth, Western Australia ; two specimens received from Mr. _S. Angel, and taken in November. SELIDOSEMIDZ. AMELORA HETEROPA, ND. Sp. Male and female, 30mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and antennz reddish fuscous, in female grey-whitish, antennal pectinations 4, face with a moderate conical projection. Legs and abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa slightly arched at base, thence straight; termen obliquely rounded; reddish fuscous, sprinkled with fine black scales, sometimes grey- whitish in female ; a curved transverse series of 3 reddish spots at one-fourth ; a large reddish discal spot; a waved transverse hine of reddish spots, edged posteriorly in reddish specimens,. with a fine line of greyish, from five-sixths costa to just before anal angle, moderately dentate at and above middle; cilia reddish fuscous, sometimes: grey-whitish. Hindwings with termen faintly waved; greyish fuscous, lighter towards base , au obscure fuscous discal spot; a curved sub-median series of fuscous dots, more pronounced on underside; cilia grey- whitish. se. eS — 2 aa dae oe 65 Allied to the following species, but differs by the absence of the median band; the grey-whitish female is an abnormal locking variety, but is unquestionably referable to this species. Broken Hill, New South Wales; three specimens (at light), during April and May. AMELORA PLATYDESMA, N. sp. Male and Female, 28-30 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and ‘abdomen silvery-grey, in female fuscous tinged, antennal pec- tinations 4, face with moderate horny projection, abdomen ochreous tinged. Legs greyish. Forewings shaped as ia “heteropa ;”’ silvery grey, irrorated with afew scattered fuscous scales: a broad dull reddish transverse median fascia, con- stricted on lower half, and edged obscurely with blackish, ante- rior edge strongly sinuate inwards, from costa at one-fourth to inner margin at one-fourth ; posterior edge irregularly dentate throughout, projections more pronounced on upper half, from costa at five-sixths to immediately before anal angle; a large blackish discal spot; some blackish scales along termen, hardly forming definite markings; cilia silvery-whitish. Hindwings -with termen faintly waved ; grey-whitish, darker in female, but becoming lighter towards base in both sexes; an obscure transverse sub- median series of moderate fuscous dots, more pronounced on underside, obscure in female; a faint fuscous discal dot; cilia as in forewings. This may prove to be a variety of the above, as the markings approach very closely in both species. Should it be the case the present species is well worth a name, as it is such a dis- tinct looking insect. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens taken at light in April. I have seen a specimen from Birchip, Victoria, taken in May. CHLENIAS HETEROMORPHA, 0. sp. Male and female, 27-32 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax cinere- ous-grey, face with a median horny projecting plate, entire, apex acute. Antenne ochreous, pectinations 4. Abdomen ochre- ous. Legs cinereous-whitish, posterior pair blackish. Fore- wings very elongate, triangular, somewhat narrower in female, termen obliquely rounded ; fuscous, mixed with dark fuscous and whitish, so as to appear ashy-grey-whitish, lighter in female and mixed with ochreous and whitish; base ochreous in both ‘sexes ; veins irregularly outlined with blackish ; a short oblique blackish streak from costa near base; a second, indicating first line, just beyond and parallel; costal space between whitish ; second line similar to first, from one-third of costa ; 66 subterminal dentate, blackish, scarcely perceptible, from costa at five-sixths to just before anal angle; a suffused fuscous spot above anal angle; veins towards termen shortly out- lined with black, less pronounced in female; a fine black line along termen; cilia cinereous-grey. Hindwings with termen rounded ; faintly sinuate below apex ; whitish grey, somewhat darker along termen; a fuscous line along termen; cilia whitish. : Closely allied to arietaria, Gn., but differs by the much narrower forewings, which are not half as wide as forewings. the different shaped horny projection of head, which in arze- taria 1s emarginate, and especially by the much shorter an- tennal pectinations. Broken Hill, New South Wales; several specimens, mostly at light, in April. I have seen a specimen from Birchip, Vic-- toria, GEOMETRID. EUCHLORIS TETRASPILA, 0. Sp. Male, 24 mm. Head and thorax green, face green, fillet’ white, Antenne and palpi ochreous-white. Abdomen greenish, whitish on sides and beneath. Legs ochreous, ante- rior pair ight crimson. Forewings elongate—triangular ; costa moderately arched, termen nearly straight, oblique ; bright green ; costal edge light crimson throughout, becoming darker and broader towards base, especially beneath ; first line absent ; a dark ferruginous discal spot; second line formed by an ob- lique transverse series of small white dots, from beneath costa at three-fourths to inner margin before two-thirds ; cilia green, terminal half pale fleshy pink. Hindwings with termen angu- lated on vein 4; 3 and 4 short stalked ; color, discal dot and second line as in forewings; cilia as in forewings. Nearest cadmaria, Gn., but differs especially by the colour of palpi, antennee and cilia, which in that species are crimson. Kelso, Tasmania; one specimen in March. (Type in Coll. Lyell.) EMMILTIS COSMADELPHA, 0. sp. Male and female, 14-18 mm. JHead, palpi, antenne, and thorax whitish, face ochreous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs — whitish, anterior pair fuscous. Forewings elongate-triangular, termen gently bowed ; whitish, faintly ochreous-tinged ; a fus- _ cous basal patch, outer edge faintly curved, bounded by a fine fuscous line, from one-fourth costa to one-fourth inner margin; a fine waved transverse line from _ costa before two-thirds to middle of inner margin, followed by a broad parallel light fuscous fascia, posterior edge 67 . irregularly waved, and nearly reaching termen, and only separated from it by a moderate streak of ground color ; cilia lightfuscous. Hindwings pale yellow ; cilia grey. Allied to trissodesma, Lower, but immediately separable by the different colored hindwings, especially the female, which in that species are fuscous. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens in September (at light). PYRALIDINA. SCOPARIA ANISOPHRAGMA, Nn. Sp. Male, 16 mm.; female, 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax -cinereous-grey, patagia white, palpi beneath blackish. Antenne and legs blackish, irrorated with whitish, posterior legs greyish, tibia suffusedly banded with blackish. - Abdomen greyish-fuscous, anterior segment dull ochreous. Forewings elongate triangular, costa almost straight, termen oblique, hardly bowed ; cinereous-grey ; markings reddish-ferruginous ; a moderately broad fascia from one-fourth costa to one- fourth inner margin, with a strong projection outwards in middle; a similar fascia from five-sixths to two-thirds of dinner margin, indented beneath costa and _ strongly curved inwards in middle, angles rounded; a short oblique dash just before apex; a blackish patch above anal angle; some blackish scales before termen; cilia grey, becoming cine- reous at base, with a fuscous subterminal line. Hindwings with termen faintly sinuate below apex; grey on basal half, becoming broadly lhght fuscous along termen; cilia Brey with a fuscous basal line. Allied to the following, laa very distinct by the ceanegiae fascie and clearness of markings. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens in August. ECLIPSIODES CRYPSERYTHRA, Nl. Sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi and thorax grey-whitish, some- what mixed with reddish, palpi beneath white. Antenne fus- cous, spotted with white, abdomen grevish-ochreous, second seg- ment orange-red. Legs whitish, tarsi irregularly banded and fuscous. Forewings shaped as in anisophrayma; grey-whitish, more or less suffusedly irrorated with fuscous and with some reddish scales; markings fuscous, obscurely defined; a smail spot at base; a narrow, slightly oblique fascia, from one- quarter costa to beyond one-quarter of inner margin; ground color between base and fascia tinged with reddish; a similar fascia from costa at five-sixths to inner margin at “two- thirds, ‘slightly dentate and with a rounded projection above middle ; 68 a short oblique dash just before apex; a moderate, straight, longitudinal dull ochreous or reddish streak above middle, from base direct to projection of second fascia, attenuated an- teriorly and dilated posteriorly ; a similar streak along fold; veins towards termen outlined in similar color; a moderately clear streak of ground color before termen; a few blackish scales along termen ; cilia greyish, with a well-defined row of black spots at base and a fuscous subterminal line. Hind- wings with termen rounded, faintly sinuate below apex; very pale ochreous, becoming broadly lhght fuscous around termen, but leaving a moderate streak of ground color along termen ; cilia light greyish-ochreous, with a fuscous basal line. Allied to the preceding but easily distinguished by the longitudinal streak, spotted cilia of forewings, palpi being: white beneath and the pale ochreous hindwings. The streak of ground color before termen on both wings is a curious cha- racter ; this and the spotted cilia of forewings are better dis- cerned beneath. Broken Hill, New South Wales; nine specimens in July and August. EROMENE OCELLEA, Haw. T have recently captured specimens of this European species at Broken Hill, New South Wales, in August, and have also received specimens from Roeburne, Western Australia. Some years ago I gave the late Mr. E. Guest, of Balhannah, South Australia, a specimen of what I believe was this species, and later Mr. Meyrick stated that he received a specimen from that gentleman, who took it at Mount Lofty, S.A. How- ever, there can be no doubt about the present specimens, and it can now be added to the Australian fauna. TORTRICINA. LoMASCHIZA, N. g. Thorax with dense bifid posterior crest. Antenne of maie serrate, very shortly ciliated at joints. Palpi very short, por- rected, second joint triangularly scaled, terminal joint nearly concealed. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa of male with a swollen membranous ridge beyond middle; termen obliquely rounded; 7, 8, and 9 closely approximated at base, 7 tx termen, 2 from lower angle of cell, remote from 3; 3 and 4 closely approximated at base, 10 and 11 strongly curved, 11 running along lower edge of ridge. Hindwings broader than forewings, costa strongly arched in middle, termen in male strongly emarginate below apex (causing apex to appear very prominent), and indented on vein 1; 6 aid 7 somewhat ap- proximated at base, 3 and 4 from a point, 5 approximated to 4 69° at base; in the female the wing is normal, 2.e., with the ter- men rounded. | A remarkable genus, not near any other known to me. ‘The curious ridge on costa of male and aborted hindwings make it @ conspicuous genus. LoMASCHIZA PHYSOPHORA, 0. sp. Male and female, 10-14. Head, thorax, antenne, and ab- | domen ochreous-fuscous. Palpi whitish, beneath fuscous. Face whitish. Legs fuscous, anterior coxe dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa faintly sinuate in middle, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-fuscous; 3 leaden-meta- lic spots on inner margin, first at one-sixth from base reaching half across wing, preceded by a waved narrow oblique dark fuscous line from costa near base to inner margin at one- sixth ; second before middle, somewhat triangular, reaching more than half across wing, anterior edge dentate, dentation filled with blackish and preceded by an oblique clear whitish line ; a similar line along posterior edge of spot; third small, erect, elongate, just before anal angle; a sharply defined ob- lique black streak from costa beyond middle to middle of wing, posteriorly edged with leaden-metallic, becoming sin- uate outwards at termination, sinuation filled in with black, sometimes continued as a fine whitish line to anterior edge of third leaden spot; ground color between streak and triangular spot on inner margin more ochreous; a very large space of lght fuscous between sinuation and termen, en- circled by a whitish-ochreous ring, which almost touches a similar blackish centred very small ring just below apex; 7 pairs of whitish costal strigule, first two pairs just above trian- gular patch ; cilia ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings with termen in male strongly sinuate in middle, in female rounded ; grey- whitish, very thinly scaled in male, dark fuscous in female. Cooktown, Queensland ; three specimens in June. I have seen a specimen from Mackay. PyrGotis (?) CALLIZYGA, n. Sp. Female, 20 mm. Head, thorax, antenne, and abdomen dark fuscous, patagia ochreous-yellowish. | Palpi ochreous fuscous. Legs ochreous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa rather strongly arched, termen obliguelv rounded, sin- uate beneath apex, hardly produced; ochreous-yellow, with dark fuscous markings; a broad basal fascia, continued along inner margin to median fascia, with a projection above inner margin at one-fourth, leaving a spot of ground color at base; median fascia moderately broad, oblique, somewhat dilated en costa, from costa in middle to posterior extremity 70 of streak along inner margin; a moderate triangular spot on costa at three- -quarters; an erect fascia from anal angle reaching two-thirds across wing, apex irregular; a fuscous blotch just above inner margin, connecting median and last- mentioned fasciz; an elongate fuscous spot on upper half oi termen, more or less continued to apex ; cilia yellowish, on upper half fuscous with whitish tooth at apex. Hindwings with termen rounded, faintly sinuate beneath apex; 3 and 4 remote, 5 very widely remote, midway between 4 and 6; dark bronzy-fuscous, faintly spotted with darker ; cilia light fuscous, with a darker basal line. Underside of hindwings yellowisk, spotted with fuscous. } Doubtfully referable to Pyrgotis; it approaches Acropolitis somewhat, but appears distinct from either of these genera by the curious neuration of hindwings. I would have formed a new genus for its reception, but in the absence of the male it seems wiser to defer doing so for the present. Mount Gambier, South Australia; one specimen in Novem- ber. SYNTOZYGA, n. g. Thorax with a small posterior crest. Antenne in male strongly biserrate, shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, some- what arched, thickened with appressed scales, terminal joint short, exposed, about one-third of second. Forewings elon- gate, moderate, slightly narrower than hindwings, surface somewhat roughened; costa simple, nearly straight, termen obliquely rounded, secondary cell very small, distinct, all velns separate, 7 to termen, vein | furcate at base, 3 from angle, remote from 4, 6 and 7 widely remote. Hindwings with 3 and 4 somewhat connate, 5 curved, remote from 4, "6 and 7 long stalked. Somewhat allied to ia ple but differs by the crested thorax, biserrate antenne, short terminal joint of palpi, separation of veins 7 and 8 of forewings and well marked secondary cell. This latter character is not of much value. SYNTOZYGA PSAMMETALLA, Nn. Sp. / Male, 10 mm. MJHead, palpi, thorax, legs, and antenne ochreous, second joint of palpi very short. Abdomen greyish- ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous, finely and trans- versely strigulated with ferruginous; costa shortly and ob- liquely strigulated with ferruginous ; outer edge of basal patch limited by a narrow ferruginous fascia, from one-third costa to one-fourth inner margin, angulated outward: in middle ; median patch moderately broad, nearly straight, from middle 71 - of costa to beyond middle of inner margin, edges obscurely defined ; some leaden-metallic scales between fascia and pateh ; some similar scales in posterior edge of fascia near costa, anil more or less continued to inner margin before anal aagle, where it becomes blotch-like and edged posteriorly with ferru- ginous; an irregularly curved ferruginous streak, from costa just beyond posterior edge of median patch to below middle of termen, dilated in middle; a small triangular ferruginous spot at apex, with a darker ‘spot at its lower extremity; cilia ochreous, base darker. Hindwings with the termen rounded, faintly sinuate beneath apex; greyish ; cilia as in forewings Cooktown, Queensland ; two specimens in January. POLYLOPHA, n. g. Thorax smooth. Antenne in male somewhat dentate, thickened, very shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, straight, porrected, second joint triangularly scaled, terminal joint ex- posed, short. Forewings elongate, moderate, rather narrow, surface with raised tufts of scales, costa simple, arched at bass, termen oblique, nearly straight; 2 from beyond two-thirds, 3 and 4 from angle, closely approximated, 7 and 8 separate, 7 . to costa. Hindwings broader than forewings, termen faintly sinuate beneath apex ; 3 and 4 from a point, 6 and 7 separate. Differs from Palaeotoma, to which genus it is not very near, by the separation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings and vein 7 of forewings running to costa. POLYLOPHA EPIDESMA, D. sp. Male, 16 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax cinerous-grey, second joint of palpi beneath white, with some black spots at apex. Antenne fuscous. Legs whitish, anterior tarsi banded with blackish. Abdomen greyish-fuscous. Fore- wings moderate, costa arched at base, thence nearly straight, termen faintly sinuate beneath apex, oblique, nearly straight ; ashy-grey-whitish, mixed with greenish-leaden, and strewn with numerous tufts of ashy-grey-scales, which become blackish posteriorly ; a short oblique blackish streak at base, not reach- ing costa; an oblique fuscous streak from costa at one- fourth, reaching fold; a tuft of scales immediately between ; a suffused fuscous spot on costa, indicating commencement of second fascia; a narrow longitudinal black line along fold, from base to termen above anal angle, becoming dot-like on anterior half; a broad suffused black transverse fascia, from costa at three-fourths to extremity of longituclinal streak, be- coming dilated on lower half, sometimes obsolete on upper half; 4 or 5 blackish dots on costa between anterior extremity -of last fascia and apex; some fine black scales on middle of 72 termen ; cilia ashy-grey-whitish, with some blackish scales at’ base. Hindwings with termen rounded; sinuate beneath apex, apex prominent; dark fuscous, lighter on basal half; cilia dark fuscous, with a fuscous subterminal line, basal line greyish. The black longitudinal streak recalls Palaeotoma sty phelena,. Meyr. Mackay, Queensland ; two specimens in April. TEMNOLOPHA, nl. g. Thorax with dense posterior bifid crest. Antenne in male somewhat serrate, shortly ciliated. Palpi rather long, por- rected, second joint triangularly scaled, terminal joint short, distinct. Posterior tibie thickened in male. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa simple in male, gently and evenly arched, termen nearly straight. Hindwings broader than’ forewings. Forewings with secondary cell distinct, 7 and 8 separate, 7 to termen, 3 and 4 remote at base, 3 somewhat curved. Hindwings with 3 and 4 from a point, 5 approxi-. mated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 separate. Somewhat allied to Arotrophora, Meyr., but differs essen- tially by the crested thorax, absence of costal fold and shorter ciliations of antenne. TEMNOLOPHA MOSAICA, 0. Sp. Male and female, 15-22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous-grey, mixed with reddish, thorax with a dense reddish bifid posterior crest, palpi beneath whitish. Antenne and. abdomen. fuscous-grey, beneath whitish. Legs whitish, tarsi suffusedly banded with blackish. Forewings elongate, mode-- rate, costa gently arched, termen hardly oblique, nearly straight; dull olive-greenish, sometimes strongly mixed with ferruginous, except beneath costa; costa shortly and obliquely strigulated with ferruginous and whitish ; outer edge of basal’ patch represented on lower half by an irregular oblique wedge- shaped dark ferruginous patch, apex reaching to one-quarter in middle on inner marginal edge is a tuft of somewhat raised scales; a broad fuscous-greenish post-median fascia, not near reaching costa, anterior edge from beyond middle, with a rounded projection on upper angle, thence deeply sinuate and irregularly continued round to anal angle, where it touches a small erect fuscous patch, which indicates posterior extremity of fascia ; a greenish-fuscous somewhat lunate mark just above the erect patch, faintly edged above with whitish ; ground color between this and anal angle fleshy white ; asmall blackisix spot at apex; a few black scales along termen; cilia olive- greenish mixed with fuscous, becoming grey-whitish around: a, a 73 anal angle. Hindwings dark fuscous, somewhat bronzy ; cilia fuscous, with a darker subbasal line. Mackay, Cooktown, and Townsville, Queensland ; three spe- cimens in January and February. TEMNOLOPHA METALLOTA, nN. sp. Male, 18 mm. MHead,. palpi, and thorax purplish, thorax with a dense reddish-fuscous posterior crest. Antenne ochreous. Legs greyish. _ Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen cbliquely rounded, veins 7, 8, 9 are closely approximated at base, 8 and 9 are almost from a point from angle, in mosaica 9 is from well beyond the angle; dull bluish-purple ; costa obiquely strigulated with fine short fus- cous and white strigule ; a fine fuscous line from costa at one- third to inner margin at one-third, evenly curved outwardly on upper three-fourths, and with an indentation just above inner margin, ground color between this and base, finely and trans. versely strigulated with waved fuscous lines; an irregular trans- verse ferruginous patch, from costa beyond middle to inner margin beyond middle, much narrowed on lower half, contain- ing a few blackish scales just above inner margin; two mode- rate irregular transverse ferruginous fascie, first from five- sixth costa to anal angle, containing two short fine longitudinal black streaks above anal angle; second from apex to middle of termen, leaving one or two whitish teeth on termen; a fine fuscous line along upper half of termen ; cilia fuscous, on lower half grey-whitish, separation distinct. | Hindwings with ter- men rounded, faintly sinuate beneath apex ; ochreous-fuscous ; cilia greyish, with a fuscous line near base. At first sight not unlike Carpocapsa pomonella. Lin. Cooktown, Queensland ; two specimens in June. SOROLOPHA, 0. g. Thorax with a dense posterior crest, not bifid. Antennz serrate, very shortly ciliated. Palpi short recurved, oppressed to face, terminal joint very short, nearly concealed. Abdomen in male densely haired, and with a moderately erect tuft of hairs on anterior segment, tibie in male broadly dilated, coxex with an expansible tuft of hairs at base. Forewings and hind- wings with neuration as in T’emnolopha; termen obliquely rounded. Differs from Z’emnolopha only by the crest on anterior seg- ment of abdomen, different palpi, ciliations of antenne, which are hardly perceptible, different crest of thorax and especially by the large tuft of hairs on posterior legs. It at first consi- dered these characters specific only, but it seems desirable on reconsideration to form a new genus for the reception of the fol- lowing species. 74 SOROLOPHA CYCLOTOMA, 1. gp. Male and female, 17-22 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax deep reddish-fuscous, thorax with a dense deep reddish posterior crest. _ Abdomen deep ochreous-fuscous, in male den- sely haired with golden ochreous, especially on anterior seg- ments. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; deep olive-greenish mixed with fleshy-pink ; costa shortly strigulated throughout with fus- cous ; outer edge of basal patch represented by an erect trian- gular blackish patch on inner margin at one-fourth, reaching two-thirds across wing, edged posteriorly by a fine line of fleshy-white; ground color between apex of patch and costa fleshy-pink ; posterior edge of median patch well defined, edged throughout by a fine fleshy-white line, from costa beyond middie direct to anal angle, faintly sinuate above middle: ground color between this and triangular patch deep olive- green, becoming broadly mixed with flesh color above inner margin; ground color between posterior edge of median pate and apex fleshy pink, mixed with purplish and containing a large round fuscous reddish patch above middle, lower edge suffused ; a deep purplish line along upper half of termen, be- coming forked at apex; cilia fuscous purpie, mixed with fus- cous on upper two-thirds. Hindwings with termen rounded , dark golden-ochreous, lighter towards base; cilia ochreous-tfus- ‘cous, with a darker subbasal line. The ochreous coloring of hindwings is more pronounced beneath. Mackay, Queensland ; four specimens in January. CAPUA LEPTOSPILA, 1. Sp. Male, 18 mm. Head and palpi whitish, palpi beneath in- fuscated. Abdomen greyish. Antenne and thorax fuscous, antenne obscurely spotted with whitish. Legs fuscous, middle and posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, termen oblique, gently rounded ; whitish-ochreous, spotted throughout with fuscous ; markings dark fuscous; costa shortly strigulated throughout with fuscous; outer edge of basal patch from one-fifth costa to one-eighth inner margin, upper half oblique, with a fine pro- jection on fold, thence inwardly oblique and rapidly attenuated to inner margin; an elongate quadrate spot lying on inner margin at one-fourth; median fascia oblique, from before middle of costa to anal angle, becoming much dilated on inner margin, anterior edge nearly straight, with a moderate sinua- tion below fold; posterior edge with a moderate sinuation about middle, thence irregular; an elongate streak from pos- terior extremity of median patch to above middle of termen, leaving a strip of ground color along termen ; a moderate triaar 75 gular patch on costa at three-fourths, containing two pairs of short white strigule, and 3 darker fuscous equidistant dots on costa; a spot at apex; cilia greyish, barred with fuscous on basal half. Hindwings with termen rounded ; greyish, spotted with fuscous, so as tojappear greyish-fuscous ; a fine fuscous line along woper half of termen ; cilia greyish, with a darker basal line. Distinct and clearly marked ; perhaps nearest Sordidatana, Meyr. Broken Ifill, New South Wales; one specimen in May CAPUA PENTAZONA, Nl. sp. Female, 16 mm. JHead, palpi, antenne, and thorax dark fuscous, palpi beneath white,. sharply defined, antenne ob- securely annulated with whitish, thorax with a whitisi spot on posterior extremity, patagia whitish. Legs whitish, all tars: black, ringed with whitish. Forewings elongate, triangular, costa moderately arched, termen oblique, rounded beneath ; dark fuscous, more or less sprinkled with whitish; five trans- verse black fasciz, all finely inorated with greenish white ; first, indicating edge of basal fascia, from one-sixth costa to one-fourth inner margin, gently curved outwards; second slightly curved outwards beneath costa, from costaat one-fourth to before middle of inner margin; ground color between first and second fascie strongly irrorated with whitish ; third nearly straight, from just before middle of costa to before middle of inner margin; fourth parallel, just beyond; fifth parallel, from costa at three-fourths to anal angle; the last two fascize are interrupted by a well-defined broad oblique whitish fascia, from immediately beyond third fascia to anal angle, cutting fourth fascia in middle; three oblique whitish spots on costa between posterior edge of white fascia and apex; a black streak, strongly irrorated with whitish along termen; cilia fuscous, mixed with blackish. Hindwings with termen rounded, faintly sinuate beneath apex; fuscous, spotted with. darker fuscous; cilia greyish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Nearest decolorana, Walk, but immediately distinguished by the fuscous hindwings. The description of Asthenoptycha con- junctana, Walk., would seemingly indicate an insect of similar appearance, but the palpi of this species would alonc remove it from that genus. CAPUA PANXANTHA, N. sp. Female, 16-20 mm. Head, palpi, antennz, thorax, and ab- domen yellow-ochreous. Legs somewhat paler. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa strongly arched, termen gentlv bowed, oblique, faintly sinuate beneath apex; yellowish- 76 ochreous, finely strigulated throughout with darker ochreous mostly arranged in transverse series ; outer edge of basal patch hardly perceptible, except on margins; media patch narrow, | oblique; dull ferruginous, from costa before middle to just before anal angle; an obscure oblique dul! ferruginous fascia from costa at five-sixths to middle of termen ; cilia pale ochre- ous. Hindwings with termen rounded; 5 remote from 4; ochreous-yellow ; cilia as in forewings. Allied to melichroa, Lower; but apart from its much smai- ler size, it may be at once distinguished by the ochreous hind- wings. Cooktown, Queensland ; several specimens in November. DICHELOPA, Nn. g. Thorax smooth. Antenne in male thickened, somewhat © dentate ; shortly ciliated. Palpi moderate, porrected, second joint triangularly scaled, terminal joint hardy concealed. Fore- wings elongate-oblong, costa in male simple, gently and evenly arched, termen rounded oblique, 1 furcate at base, 3 and 4 short stalked, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to immediately above apex. Hindwings with 7 veins, termen faintly sinuate beneath apex ; 4 absent, coincided with 3, 3 rather approximated to 5, 6 and 7 tolerably remote at origin. Not near any other Australian genus known to me, the neu- ration of forewings, and absence of vein 4 of hindwings are dis- tinctive characters; a similar character cccurs in the European genus Cheimatophila, Stph. Its resemblance to Dichelia is superficial only. : DICHELOPA DICHROA, 0. sp. Male and female, 14-16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne and thorax ochreous-ferruginous. Abdomen dark fuscous, beneath ochreous. Anterior and middle legs ochreous-fuscous, pos terior pair ochreous, tarsi with fuscous rings. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen oblique, rounded; deep ochreous, with irregular transverse rows of leaden-metallic spots; markings reddish-fuscous ; a basal patch, strongly suffused with ground color at base and on inner margin, outer edge from costa at one-fifth to inner margin cv one-fourth, with a slight projection in middle; a broad streak along costa, from just beyond one-third to three-fourths of wing, thence becoming confluent with a large apical patch, ending on termen at three-fourths, enclosing on costal edge 4 well defined spots of ground color, anterior large, posterior close together near apex ; a large spot on inner margin at anal angle, reaching half acroys wing, separated from costal streak by a streak of ground color ; a row of about 6 suffused ochreous spots along termen, posteriorly edged by minute leaden-metallic ladland id spots; cilia ochreous, becoming fuscous around anal angle. Hindwings with termen rounded ; dark fuscous; cilia fuscous ; with, a darker fuscous subbasal line. Goolwa and Port Victor, South Australia; six specimens in November. ByYRSOPTERA, n. g. Thorax with a very small posterior bifid crest. Antenne in male serrate, shortly ciliated. Palpi short, porrected ; second ‘ joint triangularly rough scaled, terminal joint almost concealed. Forewings moderate, elongate, costa in male simple, hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded ; 7 and 8 separate, 7 to ter- men, secondary cell distinct, vein 10 strongly curved in middle. Hindwings slightly broader than forewings, costa very strongly arched in middle, termen faintly sinuate; 3 and 4 from a point, 5 widely remote, parallel to 4, 6 and 7 separate. In the neighborhood of Dipterina, but the antenne and separation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings are distinct from that genus. . BYRSOPTERA XYLISTIS, n.sp. Male and female, 8-10 mm. MHead whitish-ochreous, thorax, palpi, and antenne light fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs fuscous-whitish. Forewings moderate, costa hardly arched, termen obliquely rounded ; light fuscous, finely irror- ated with darker fuscous; costa shortly strigulated with fus- cous; 3 moderately oblique fuscous fascie, first close to base, not reaching inner margin; second at one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, continued to inner margin below middle as a fine line; third entire, from middle of costa to beyond middle of inner margin, with a strong projection outwards in middle; an erect fuscous triangular spot on inner margin at anal angle, indicating pos- terior extremity of a fourth fascia ; a short oblique fuscous spot at anal angle ; a small fuscous subapical spot ; afinefuscous line along upper half of termen; cilia greyish-fuscous, at base ochreous fuscous. Hindwings with costa strongly arched in middle; pale greyish, thinly scaled ; cilia light fuscous. A neatly marked insect and easily recognised. Cooktown, Queensland ; three specimens in November. I have also seen specimens from Mackay and Townsville; {jneensland. TINEINA. GELECHIADZ. DoryYcnoPa, n. g. Head smooth. Palpi moderate, second joint somewhat triangularly scaled, terminal joint erect, as long as second, 78 thickened with appressed scales. Antenne strongly serrate,. shortly ciliated in male, hardly 1. Forewings lanceolate- linear, apex pointed, costa faintly sinuate in middle; 3, 4, 5 and 6 widely remote at origin, parallel, equidistant ; 7 and 8 out of 6; 9 separate. Hindwings almost 1. Termen strongly emar ginate, apex produced ; 3 from before angle, 4 from angle, 5D widely remote, parallel to 4, equidistant between 4 and 6, 6 closely approximated to 7 at base. Differs from Paltodora, Meyr., by veins 4 and 5 of forewings being widely remote at base (in that genus they are remote, but not near so widely), the relatively broadly forewings, sin- uate costa, anu approximation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings. DoRYCNOPA ACROXANTHA, 0. Sp. Male, 14mm. Head, thorax, palpi, antenne legs and abdo- men reddish ochreous, thorax with a large whitish posterior spot, second joint of palpi internally white, antenne annu- lated with whitish, posterior legs greyish-ochreous. Fore- wings elongate-lanceolate, costa faintly sinuate in middle, apex pointed; -reddish-ochreous; a narrow transverse oblique ochreous fascia, from costa at one-fourth towards inner margin but not reaching it; ground color between base and fascia darker and appearing raised on edge of fascia; a similar fascia, slightly inwards curved and containing a fine black mark in middle, from costa at four-fifths to before anal angle, ground color darker between posterior extremity and termen; an ob- scure suffused blackish streak below middle, preceding anterior edge of last fascia; an obscure blackish dot placed on a small spot of lighter ground color midway between the two fasciz ; cilia ochreous-reddish, mixed with fuscous and dark fuscous, becoming wholly ochreous around anal angle. Hindwings with termen emarginate, apex produced; light fuscous; cilia two and a half, ochreous, becoming greyish on terminal third. Exeter, South Australia; three specimens in December. STENOPHERNA, 2. g. Head smooth. Palpi somewhat porrected, roughened with scales, terminal joint one-third of second, acute Antenne somewhat dentate, ciliations hardly one-half in male. Poste- rior tibize clothed with short hairs. Forewings elongate-lan- . ceolate, apex pointed ; 3 and 4 widely remote at base, nearly equidistant with 5 and 6, 6 separate, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa. Hindwings narrower than forewings ; elongate-tr apezoidal, apex — pointed, ‘produced, termen. emar ginate ; 3, 4, and 5 appromig | mated at base; cilia 3. : Also somewhat allied to Hehéndore, Meyr., but differs by the very short terminal joint of} palpi, shorter ciliations of antenne and separation of veins 6 and 7 of hindwings. 79 STENOPHERNA CHIONOCEPHALA, Nl. Sp. Male and female, 8-11 mm. Head white. Antenne one- half, fuscous-whitish, palpi fuscous, terminal joint white. Legs fuscous, irrorated with white, tarsi black, ringed with white. Thorax white, somewhat infuscated. Abdomen fus- cous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate, apex pointed; dull white, markings fuscous; a basal patch, outer edge nearly straight, from one-sixth costa to one-sixth inner margin; an irregular quadrate spot on inner margin at one-fourth; an irregular trapezoid blotch on costa before middle, reaching three-fourths across wing; an irregular blotch justebefore apex, reaching across wing to anal angle, sometimes separated into 2 spots by a streak of ground color ; some black scales at apex ; cilia whitish, finely inorated with black points, especially at base and extremities. Hindwings elongate-trapezoidal, nar-. rower than forewings, apex pointed, produced, termen emar- ginate ; ight grey; cilia 1, greyish-ochreous. Broken Hill, New South Wales; several specimens in Octo- ber; usually taken at light. BACTROLOPHA, Ni. g. Head smooth. Antenne serrate, ciliations nearly 1. Palpi moderate, nearly straight, densely rough scaled above and below, terminal joint hardly recurved, almost as long as second, roughly scaled above and _ below. Pos- terior tibie clothed with long hairs. Forewings elongate, lanceolate, narrow, pointed; 4 and 5 connate or short stalked ; 7 and 8 out of 6, 9 out of 8 near base, 7 and 8 long- stalked, both to costa (vein 8 is not well developed). Hind- wings almost 1, elongate-trapezoidal, termen emarginate, apex _ pointed, produced ; 3 and 4 approximated at base, 4, 5, and 6 remote at base, nearly parallel; cilia 3. BACTROLOPHA ORTHODESMA, 0. Sp. Male and female, 8-12mm. JHead, palpi, and thorax white, palpi externally ochreous-tinged. Antenne three-fourths, white, annulated’ with fuscous; ciliationsnearly 1. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, more ochreous on basal segments; in male black. Legs white, tibie and tarsi ochreous, terminal tarsi fuscous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate, narrow, pointed ; white; three moderately broad suffused pale ochreous equi- distant fasciz, irregularly edged; first from one-sixth costa to one-sixth inner margin; second before middle of costa to before middle of inner margin ; third from five-sixths costa to two-thirds of inner margin ; a suffused pale ochreous line along termen ; cilia white, sprinkled with fine black scales. | Hind- wings narrower than forewings, elongate-trapezoidal, termen 80 emarginate, apex pointed, produced; grey-whitish; in maie blackish ; cilia white. The variation of color of abdomen and hindwings of male is noticeable. Broken Hill, New South Wales; four specimens in October. PYCNOBATHRA, 0. g. Head smooth. Antenne dentate, nearly three-fourths, cilia- tions 1. Palpi moderate, second joint more or less dilated . with long rough spreading hairs beneath, terminal jointas long as second, recurved, apex acute. Posterior tibie somewhat rough haired.” Forewings elongate, somewhat lanceolate, apex pointed ; 7 and 8 stalked, both to costa, 2 from beyond three- fourths, 3 from angle, 4 widely remote from 3, parallel. Hind- wings as broad as forewings; elongate-trapezoidal, apex acute, produced, termen strongly sinuate; cilia over 1; 3 and 4 somewhat approximated at base, 5, 6, and 7 widely remote, parallel. The dense tuft on the second joint of palpi is very notice- able. PYCNOBATHRA ACHROA, 0. sp. Male and female, 9-11 mm. Head yellowish: ochreous. Thorax ochreous-fuscous, patagia ochreous. Abdomen blackish, anal tuft greyish. Antennz fuscous. Palpi ochre- ous-whitish, second joint fuscous laterally and beneath. Legs blackish, posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings elon- gate-lanceolate, apex pointed; ochreous, sometimes fuscous tinged ; a narrow whitish costal streak, attenuated at extrem1- ties from base to beyond middle, in pale specimens lost in gene- ral ground color; a small ferruginous spot in middle, at one- third from base; a second below and beyond, both usually obsolete ; a few fuscous scales towards anal angle; cilia ochre- | ous. Huindwings elongate trapezoidal, apex acute, produced , greyish fuscous ; cilia as in forewings, but becoming darker to- wards base. Broken Hill, New South Wales; not uncommon in October and November. ASTHALISTIS EUCHROA, Lower (Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., p. 47. 1900). I have recently seen specimens of this species from Towns ville, Queensland,, in which the ground color of forewings is greenish, the markings are, however, identical. YPSOLOPHUS OCHROLOMA, N. sp. Female, 14mm. Head and palpi white, second joint of palpi fuscous beneath. Thorax fuscous-whitish, patagia ochreous. 81 Antenne and legs fuscous, club of antennz white beneath. Ab- -domen greyish-fuscous, two anterior segments yellow. Fore- wings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, apex pointed ; dark fuscous, sufiusedly irrorated with white; markings dark fuscous ; a fine streak along lower edge of cell, from near bage to posterior extremity, somewhat interrupted before middle; a short ochreous dash beneath anterior extremity; a streak of ochreous before termen from near apex to anal angle, contati- ing 2 black spots near apex, and edged anteriorly throughout by an obscure line of fine blackish scales; veins more or iess out- lined with fuscous; cilia light fuscous, with median and ter- minal white lines, more pronounced towards and around apex. Hindwings with termen emarginate, apex pointed; lght- fuscous ; cilia greyish-fuscous, becoming ochreous at base. Allied to trichombrous, Lower, but differs by fuscous lines of forewings, and especially by the ochreous streak before the ter- men, a character not shared by any of its allies, and which dis- tinguishes it at once. ; Broken Hill, New South Wales; eight specimens in August and September. YPSOLOPHUS ARGONOTA, Nn. Sp. Male and female, 10-12 mm. JHead, thorax, palpi, legs and antennz white, antenne mixed with fuscous on terminal half. Abdomen whitish, two anterior segments pale ochreous. Fore wings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, apex pointed ; 7 and 8 out of 6; white, very minutely irrorated with blackisn throughout, leaving costal edge obscurely white ; cilia ochreous- whitish, with a few blackish scales at base. Hindwings with termen emarginate, apex pointed, produced; light fuscous ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Known from its allies by the absence of any definite markings and whitish coloring. It is nearest cycnoptera, Lower, but differs in its smaller size and absence of longitudinal white median streak. Broken Hill, New South Wales; three specimens in October I formerly regarded this species, and its allies as species cf Paltodora, Meyr., but Mr. Meyrick referred them to the pre- sent genus, and although the characters do not agree with those given in his ‘‘Handbook of British Lepidoptera,” I place them here until the group is revised. All those J have re- cently examined from this region have veins 7 and 8 out of 6, and 2 and 3 widely remote at base ; the hindwings (which are emarginate) having 3 and 4 connate, 5 somewhat approximated to 4, and 6 and7 stalked. This latter character would sepa- rate them from Paltodora. The following species is very different in appearance, and the neuration is quite different, z.e.,2 and 3 and 7 and 8 of forewings are stalked, and hind- 82 wings are trapezoidal with termen hardly sinuate, but the neu- ration is similar to those previously described of similar ap- pearance. : YPSOLOPHUS THANATOPSIS, N. sp. Male, 12 mm. MHead, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and antennz ochreous grey; palpi paler internally, second joint black ex- ternally, antenne spotted with blackish. Legs blackish, pos- terior pair mixed with grey. Forewings elongate, moderate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen ob- liquely rounded; 2 and 3 stalked; greyish-fuscous, slightly paler along costa, minutely dotted with darker fuscous dots, 3 arranged in a longitudinal series on fold at one-fourth, before and beyond middle, more conspicuous; a row of small black dots along termen; cilia greyish-fuscous. Hindwings with -termen hardly sinuate; dark fuscous; cilia as in forewings: Closely allied to dryina, Lower, but differs by its much smaller size, dots along termen and color of hindwings. Cooktown, Queensland ; two specimensin February. XYLORYCTIDA. MAROGA PARAGYPSA, N. Sp. Male, 40 mm. MHead, palpi, thorax, and antenne creamy- white, terminal joint of palpi less than one-half of second. Abdomen orange, darker on posterior segments, white beneath. Legs ochreous-whitish, middle and posterior tibiz orange, tarsi of anterior legs blackish. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa slightly arched towards base, termen rather obliquely rounded : 7 to apex, 3 from just before angle; creamy-white, sparsely irrorated with some minute blackish scales, which become some- what ochreous towards base; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia creamy white, basal and inner marginal areas clothed with long yellowish hairs. Between setiotricha, Meyr., and unipunctana, Don, but not very near either. Roeburne. Western Australia; one specimen. (Type in Coll. Lyell). CRYPTOPHAGA HYALINOPA, 0. sp. Male, 30 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and legs fleshy-ochre- ous, head somewhat pinkish tinged, tarsi ringed with blackish. Antenne blackish, pectinations 2. Abdomen blackish, second segmentorange-red. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa nearly straight, termen obliquely rounded; fleshy-ochreous, darker on basal third; a fine black dot in disc at one-third, a second at posterior extremity of cell, and a third obliquely below and be- fore; two others on fold beyond middle ; an obscure row of fine blackish dots along termen to anal angle, not reaching apex. . . <= -)D)mUlUOCUTCOUC SS 83 Hindwings semi-hyaline, basal two-thirds black ; cilia whitish becoming fuscous around anal angle. Underside of both wings with basal two-thirds densely black. Nearest balteata, Walk., but very distinct by the curious semi-hyaline hindwings. I received this species from the late Mr. G. Barnard as sarcinota, Meyr., but having now received that species I find that there is a very great difference between the two. Duaringa, Queensland; one specimen in October. CRYPTOPHAGA PANLEUCA, Nl. Sp. Male, 34 mm. _ Head, palpi, antennez, legs, thorax, and abdomen white, antenne pectinations 4, second segment of ab- domen orange red, remainder of segment narrowly orange. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa gently arched, termen rounded, oblique; 2 from considerably before the angle ; white, without markings; cilia shining white. Hindwings shining snow white; a row of black dots along termen; cilia snow white. Similar in appearance to epadelpha, Meyr., but the white hindw1iz3 separate it at once from that species. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen (? taken in October). XYLORYCTA PENTACHROA, 0. sp. Male, 34 mm. Head, antenne, and thorax whitish, ‘thorax with a broad black longitudinal stripe. Antennal ciliations 1. Palpi and legs ochreous. Palpi very short. Abdomen blackish, segmental margins’ dull ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, ‘termen obliquely rounded ; 2 from three-fourths ; fleshy-ochre- ous, markings orange suffusedly edged with blackish scales; a moderate spot in disc at one-third from base; a second, elon- gate, obliquely below and beyond, and 2 others moderately, obliquely placed beyond posterior extremity of cell; some fine blackish scales on area of makings; 3 and 4 stalked; 6 and 7 stalked ; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings yellow, becoming -darker towards termen; cilia dark fuscous. The markings of this species are similar to those on Black- burnii, Lower, but the coloring is very different. The very ‘short palpi recalls neomorpha, Turner. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in December. XYLORYCTA CEPHALOCHRA, LOWER. I have received a specimen from Cooktown, Queensland, in which veins 7 and 8 of forewings are coincident, a curious variation. 84 LICHENAULA OMBRALOTA, Nl. Sp. Female, 24 mm. Head and thorax snow-white (palpi broken). Antenne fuscous. Legs whitish. Abdomen. greyish, beneath whitish, segmental margins, narrowly duil orange. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, apex round pointed, termen sinuate beneath apex, hardly rounded; 2 from two-thirds, 7 to apex; dark fuscous, suf- fusedly mixed with whitish and black scales; a broad white costal streak from base to apex, attenuated at extremities and broadly interrupted by ground, color at two-thirds ; a somewhat dot-lke fuscous streak, from posterior extremity of ground color interrupted along costa to apex and continued as a. fine line along termen to anal angle; veins towards termen outlined in black and edged with whitish; a suffused ferru- ginous spot on fold at one-third, edged posteriorly by a similar- sized white spot; a similar white spot beyond extremity of cell; cilia whitish, light fuscous on basal half, and with a very distinct blackish terminal line around apical portion. Hind- wings fuscous ; cilia as in forewings. Nearest undulatella, Walk. Bairnsdale, Victoria; one specimen, in January. XYLORYCTA TETRAZONA, 0. Sp. Female, 30mm. Head and palpi orange-yellow. Antenne fuscous, basal joint yellow. Thorax white, with a moderately broad anterior fuscous band, and a fuscous posterior spot. Legs and abdomen orange-yellow. Forewings elongate, mode-- rate, costa gentiy arched, termen gently rounded, oblique; 2 trom three-fourths ; white, markings fuscous ; a narrow streak along costa from base to before third fascia; four moderately broad nearly equidistant fasciz, first near base, narrowest in middle ; second, somewhat curved inwardly from middle of costa to inner margin; third from costa at five-sixths to just before anal angle; nearly straight; fourth along termen ; between the third and fourth are 2 fuscous spots on costa; am irregular suffused streak on inner margin between sevond and third fascia ; cilia whitish (imperfect). | Hindwings with ter- men rounded, sinuate beneath apex, apex faintly produced ; orange-yellow, becoming broadly fuscous from apex to beyond middle of termen, finely attenuated posteriorly ; cilia orange- yellow. Apparently nearly allied to ophioyramma, Meyr., but imme- diately separated by the extra fascia (in the former species there are but three), and the yellow hindwings. Stawell, Victoria; one specimen taken in November. a 85 CECOPHORID&. CRYPSYNARTHRA, 0. g. Head with appressed hairs. Antenne moderate, in male with long fine ciliations, 3, shorter towards apex, without pec- ten, or with one or two fugitive hair scales. Palpi moderate, recurved, ascending, second joint thickened with dense scales, hardly reaching base of antenne, terminal joint nearly as lon as second, acute. Abdomen moderate. Posterior tibie thickened, clothed with dense hairs. Forewings elongate- oblong, termen oblique rounded, with 11 veins (normal veins 7 and 8 being coincident), 7 to costa, 2 from considerably before angle of cell, 4 and 5 somewhat approximated at base. Hindwings with termen rounded ; neuration normal. Mostly allied to Atelosticha, Meyr., but the long fine cilia- tions of antenne and oblique termen are reliable characters. CRYPSYNARTHRA CHRYSIAS, Nn. sp. Male, 24mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antenne reddish- fuscous, second joint of palpi somewhat whitish internally and reddish externally. Abdomen ochreous. Legs fuscous, pos terior tibiz clothed with yellow hairs, anterior and middle pair irregularly banded with whitish. Forewings elongate, mode- rate, costa gently arched, apex round pointed, termen obli- quely rounded; reddish-fuscousy, minutely irrorated with blackish ; a suffused blackish mark on costa before middle, continued irregularly and obliquely to inner margin, but not reaching it ; a small blackish spot at end of cell; cilia blackish. Hindwings with termen rounded; orange-yellow; cilia as in forewings. Forewings beneath yellowish-orange, costal edge dark fuscous. Recalls species of Heliocausta. Duaringa, Queensland ; one specimen in December. HOopLitica PSEUDOTA, n. sp. Male,22mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fleshy-fuscous, palp1 beneath whitish, somewhat fuscous on sides. Antenne fus- cous, obscurely annulated with whitish, ciliations (2). Ab- domen greyish-ochreous, anterior legs dark fuscous, middle and posterior pair silvery white, tibie and tarsi fuscous tinged above. Forewings elongate, rather broad, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; 7 to apex; dull fleshy-ochreous ; costal edge obscurely whitish from base to three-fourths ; markings dull purplish; some scales around cell and along fold, hardly forming definite markings ; two spots in cell, one in middle and one at posterior extremity ; a suffused spot beyond middle of inner margin; an outward curved line of 86 obscure scales from beneath costa to inner margin at anal angle; cilia ochreous, flesh colored at base. Hindwings greyish-ochreous, fuscous tinged around apex ; cilia ochreous- fuscous, with an ochreous basal line. Allied to carnea, Z., to which it is very similar in appear- ance, but the absence of dots along termen, white legs, and longer antennal ciliations are distinctive. Duaringa, Queensland ; one specimen in December. TRACHYNTIS ARGOCENTRA, N. sp. Male and female, 22-25 mm. Head and palpi fuscous- whitish, second joint of palpi dark fuscous on basal half, espe- cially internally. Thorax and antenne fuscous. Abdomen greyish, faintly suffused with ferruginous. Legs fuscous, pos- terior pair greyish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliouely rounded; fuscous, sparsely mixed with greyish ; an elongate streak of dull whitish in cell, sometimes absent, with spot of fuscous at extremities; a row of more or less connected fuscous spots along termen and — apical fourth of costa; cilia fuscous. Hindwings greyish- fuscous ; cilia greyish-fuscous, faintly ochreous tinged at base. Broken Hill, New South Wales; three specimens in April. GOMPHOSCOPA, n. g. Head rather loosely haired. Antenne in male bidentate, especially on terminal half, ciliations (1), vasal joint short. without pecten. Labial palpi extremely long, second joint considerably exceeding base of antenne, clothed with ap- pressed scales, somewhat loose beneath, terminal joint slender, one-half of second recurved. Forewings elongate; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex, 2 from before angle of cell, 3 from angle, . 1 furcate at base. Hindwings over 1, elongate-ovate; cilia one-third ; 3 and 4 connate, 5 widely remote from 4, nearer to 6. Not very near any other genus known to me. The absence of pecten, extremely long palpi, termination of vein 7 in apex, and elongate markings would appear to have some relationship to @nochroa, Meyr., yet the affinity is not clear. The genus is formed for the reception of Pachycera cat- oryctopsis, Lower (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8.A., 184 (1893). The genus was rot defined at the time of writing, and as the nae, Pachycera, is probably preoccupied, I adopt the above in place of it. LINOSTICHA EUADELPHA, 0. Sp. Male, 14 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne reddish-fuscous ; second joint of palpi rather thinly scaled. Thorax dark fus- cous, patagia reddish-fuscous.. Abdomen greyish. Legs fus- : 87 cous, posterior pair greyish-ochreous, middle and posterior tau'si suffusedly ringed with whitish. Forewings elongate, mode- rate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; reddishi- ochreous, finely irrorated with dark fuscous scales; a black spot, usually double, at one-third from base in middle ; a sim1- lar spot at end of cell, slightly oblique; a strongly curved transverse line of fine blackish scaleg from five-sixths of costa to anal angle, indented beneath costa; a suffused blackish line -of scales along termen; cilia ochreous-reddish, mixed with ai few blackish scales. Hindwings light fuscous; cilia greyish- ochreous, reddish tinged ati base. Closely allied to cremnodisema, Lower, but separable by the narrower wings, more slender palpi and transverse line before termen. These characters are very constant. * Brokn Hill, New South Wales; several specimens in June. CyYcLoGoNna, n. g. Head with appressed scales. Antenne serrate, in male moderate, evenly ciliated (14), basal joint moderate without pecten. Palpi moderate, second joint reaching base of an- tenne, thickened with appressed scales, slightly rough beneath, terminal joint almost as long as second, slender, recurved. Thorax smooth. Forewings elongate, moderate, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded. Hindwings elongate-ovate, nearly one, cilia one-half. (Posterior tibie broken.) Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex, 2 and 3 on a curved stalk from before angle of cell. Hindwings with 3 ana 4 slightly remote at base. Intermediate in character between WHulechria, Meyyr., and Phloeopola, Meyr., but in my judgment mostly allied to the former. It, however, differs from both the above genera by the stalking of veins 2 and 3 of forewings, a character shared only by Gwestia, Meyr., and the allied genera, in which, ‘however, vein 7 terminates on costa. The absence of basal pecten of antenne is similar to Phloeopola, Meyr. CYCLOGONA ORTHOPTILA, Nn. Sp. Male, 25 mm. Head and palpi white, second joint of palpi dark fuscous on basal half externally. Thorax, legs, and an- tenne fuscous-whitish, patagia ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen very obliquely rounded; white, with dark fuscous markings ; a short, narrow, elongate: spot beneath costa at base ; ‘a moderate spot above middle before one-third, a second just below and before, a third in middle of cell, a fourth at posterior extremity of cell, a fifth on costa just above fourth, the last ‘two more or less connected by an ochreous shade; an outward 38 curved series of elongate spots from costa at four-fifths to anal angle, strongly indented beneath costa ; cilia ochreous-whitish, more of less barred with ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings grey, cilia greyish-white. Melbourne, Victoria ; one specimen in December. | NEPHOGENES CENTROTHERMA, N.. Sp. Male, 18mm. Head and palpi light fleshy-red, palpi darker: beneath. Antenne and thorax dark fuscous, thorax with a moderate fleshy-rec posterior spot. Abdomen and legs greyish- ochreous, anterior and middle pair fuscous beneath. Fore wings elongate, moderate, costa hardly arched, termen obli- quely rounded ; dark fuscous; markings fleshy-red; a mode- rate spot at base of costa; a short elongate streak along inner margin at base; a moderate spot at one-third from base in middle, a second, similar before two-thirds, in middle, both edged with a few prominent black scales; an interrupted nar- row streak along fold anteriorly, somewhat obscured; cilia greyish, mixed with blackish and fuscous scales, especially to- wards base. Hindwings fuscous; cilia asin forewings. | Somewhat allied to pyrocentra, Lower, but differs from its: smaller size, different colored head, palpi and forewings. pyrocentra varies considerably ; the type specimen represented an extreme form, as most of the specimens have fleshy-red fore- wings, not dark fuscous, and very few markings. The des- cription of that species, therefore, requires broadening. NeEPHOGENY PERIGYPSA, nN. sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax snow-white. An- tenne and legs fuscous, base of antenne whitish, posterior legs greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa faintly arched, termen very obliquely rounded ; white ; costa narrowly fuscous from base to one-third; a moderate, suffused light fuscous streak from middle of base to costa at two-thirds, ground color above snow-white; a similar streak along fold. from base to two-third, somewhat spot-like at posterior extre- mity and confluent with first streak on base third ; a well de- fined oblique ochreous-fuscous streak before termen, from be- reath apex to before anal angle ; cilia white, mixed with fus- cous scales in middle. Hindwings and cilia very pale ochreous. ; Closely allied to olympias, Lower, but separable by the dif- ferent ground color of forewings and white head ; it approaches melanthes, Lower, also, but in addition to the characters given above it may be distinguished from that species by the very pale hindwings and markings of forewings. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens in October. 89 NEPHOGENES PETRINODES, 0. sp. Male, 34 mm. _—_ Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax grey. Palpi grey-whitish. Legs and abdomen greyish-fuscous. Fore- wings elongate, moderate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; grey-whitish; a fuscous spot at base of inner margin ; a fuscous spot in disc at one-third from base, a second just below and slightly beyond, a third, double at extremity of cell, and a fourth on upper margin of cell midway between first and third ; a curved suf- fused fuscous streak, from costa before apex to anal angle, in- dented beneath costa; a row of black dots along termen ; cilia grey. Hindwings greyish-fuscous, cilia grey-whitish, with 2 faint fuscous lines. Nearest atrisignis, Lower, but immediately separated by the color of forewings and paucity and clearness of markings. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in June. NEPHOGENES XIPHOLEUCA, N. Sp. Male and female, 18-22 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and an- tennz white, thorax and patagia slightly infuscated, secona joint of palpi beneath light fuscous, apex white, antenne ob- securely spotted with fuscous. Legs whitish, somewhat infus- cated. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, segmental margins whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded; light ochreous-fuscous; a narrow white streak along costa, from base to three-fourths, attenuated at extremities; all veins neatly outlined with white; ground color between veins towards termen darker; a small fuscous spot in middle at one-third from base, a second immediately below, and a third at end of cell, these spots are generally obso- lete ; a few fuscous scales along termen ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Hindwings elongate-ovate; light fuscous; cilia as in fore- wings. Not very near any other; the neatness and clearness of markings is particularly noticeable. Broken Hill, New South Wales; six specimens in April; also from Birchip, Victoria. HETEROBATHRA, Ni. g. Head with appressed scales. Antenne without pecten (%), ciliations of male (?).__Palpi very long, recurved, second joint very long, considerably exceeding base of antenne, densely clothed with appressed scales, especially at apex, terminal joint slender, acute, about one-fourth of second. Abdomen mode- rate. Posterior tibie clothed with long fine hairs. Fore- wings clongate, moderate, termen very obliquely rounded, 7 ? and & stalked. 7 to immediately above apex, 2 and 3 strongly 90 e curved downwards, 2 from before angle of cell. Hindwings over 1, elongate-ovate, termen rounded, cilia one-third. Somewhat allied to Vephogenes, Meyr., but the curious palpi, absence of pecten (?), and termination of vein of above apex are distinctive characters. HETEROBATHRA XIPHOSEMA, Nn. sp. Female, 22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax cinereous grey. _ Abdomen greyish. Legs cinereousfuscous, posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, © termen very obliquely rounded ; ashy-grey-whitish ; a slightly curved moderate black longitudinal streak above middle, from base of costa to just above apex of wing, thickest om basal third ; a black spot at one-third from base; a second, similar, ati end of cell, both touching longitudinal streak ; cilia grey- — whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; grey-whitish ; cilia grey-whitish. | The longitudinal black streak is very conspicuous. A similar color and marking occurs in Scoparia meso- gramma, Lower, one of the Pyralidina. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens in August. HETEROBATHRA BIMACULA, 0. Sp. Female, 12 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and antenne dark fuscous, second joint of palpi sprinkled with white beneath. Legs fuscous, sprinkled with whitish, anterior coxe white. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, segmental margins silvery-grey. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; dark fuscous, mixed with blackish ; a dis- ‘tinct black dot encircled with white in middle of disc before middle; a second, similar, below and slightly beyond; an ob- scure Y-shaped blackish mark from base, just reaching first en- circling ring; veins towards termen more or less out- lined with black; a well-defined row of blackish dots along termen, continued to anal angle; cilia grey-whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; dull fuscous; cilia greyish- fuscous. Broken Hill, New South Wales; two specimens in August. HETEROBATHRA (?) SEMNOSTOLA, Ni. Sp. Male, 18mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and antennz cinereous- grey, palpi imperfect, second joint whitish beneath, antenne — with moderate pecten, ciliations 1. Legs fuscous, posterior — pair greyish. Abdomen ochreous-grey, strongly margined on — posterior two-thirds with fuscous. Forewings elongate, mode- rate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; ashy- grey-fuscous, lighter on dorsal half; a moderately thick black 91 longitudinal median streak, from near base to apex, attenuated posteriorly and nearly connected with costa at base by « narrow fuscous shade; streak edged below in middle by a fe white line, which becomes dot-like at posterior extremity ; a fine short black line along fold towards base; a small black spot below commencement of white streak ; a row of black elongate spots along termen; cilia cinereous- zrey, becoming blackish at base and on streak. Hindwings elongate-ovate ; termen rounded ; light fuscous; cilia greyish fuscous, becoming greyish-ochreous at base. This species, which resembles ziphosema very closely, is doubtfully referable to this genus. The palpi are unfortu- nately broken, with the exception of the second joint, which agrees in structure with the genus, but the well-developed. pecten of the antennze is discordant, as in both the previous species examined it is absent, although the material at my command is scanty, so that I cannot insist on the point. Should it ultimately prove to be correctly located, then the characters of the genus will have to be altered so as to. read: Antenne with moderate pecten, basal joint moderate, cihations (1). The present species differs chiefly from ztiphosema by the narrower forewings, elongate dots along. termen and fuscous hindwings. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in August. PsOROSTICHA, Nl. g. Head with appressed scales. Thorax strongly crested posteriorly. Antennz dentate, shortly ciliated, with pecten. Palpi moderate, recurved, second joint hardly exceeding base of antennz, densely and roughly clothed with appressed scales, terminal joint shorter than second, thickened with rough scales at two-thirds, apex acute. Abdomen rather broad. Pos- terior tibiz clothed with long hairs. Forewings elongate, moderate, termen obliquely bowed, surface with tufts of scales; 2 and 3 stalked, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to just above apex. Hindwings elongate-ovate, 3 and 4 from a point, 5 approxi-. mated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 parallel, cilia over one-third. Not very near any other Australian genus known to me. Its nearest ally appears to be Trachypepla, Meyr., but the gap is rather considerable on account of the stalking of veins 2 and 3 of forewings and short antennal ciliations. In structure it more nearly approaches the European genus Lzaeretia, Sit., differing principally by the termination of vein 7 on costa, and raised scales on forewings. The species here described has the facies of a Geleclua. 92 PsOROSTICHA ACROLOPHA, Ni. sp. Male, 16 mm. Head and thorax blackish, face whitish, patagia fleshy-ochreous anteriorly. Second joint of palpi fuscous, internally somewhat whitish, terminal joint fleshy- ochreous, with a broad blackish median band. Antenne and abdomen greyish-fuscous. Legs fuscous, suffusedly and irre- gularly banded with greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate- oblong, hardly dilated, termen bowed, cblique; greyish- ochreous, fuscous tinged; a short black basal fascia, with a tuft of scales at extreme base; costa irregularly spotted with blackish scales ; an oblique transverse row of three small tufts of scales; anterior edge blackish, first on costa at one-fourth, third on fold at one-third, second between first and third ; two similar tufts, first on a small triangular black spot on costa at about two-thirds, second obliquely below and beyond ; a mode- rate, irregular triangular blackish spot on. costa at apex, con- taining a suppressed tuft of scales on its lower edge; 2 or 3 minute black spots immediately below; 4 minute black spots along termen; cilia ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings with ter- men rounded; greyish-fuscous, darker round termen and towards apex ; cilia greyish-ochreous, with fuscous subbasal and subterminal lines. Readily recognised by the black basal fascia. Cooktown, Queensland ; one specimen in January. CoMPSOTROPHIA SELENIAS, Meyyr. (Proc. Linn. Soc., New South Wales. Weophoride Xi., p. 46.) I have received a specimen, taken in December, from Tasmania, which I consider the female of this species. The — forewings are exactly as in the male, but the hindwings are not yellow, but black, and the size (16 mm.) is much smaller. I would have named the species as new, but, taking into con- sideration the slight deviation in the hindwings of strophiella, Meyr., it appears desirable to refrain from doing so at pre- gent, as further observation is needed to definitely decide the point, although I have little doubt but what my identification is correct, : PELTOPHORA PHAEDROPA, Nn. Sp. Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, antennez, and thorax very dark fuscous, posterior portion of patagia yellow, antennal ciliatious 3. Legs and abdomen blackish, :osterior legs orange, abdo- — men ringed with orange, anal tuft orange. Forewings elon- gate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen oblique, nearly — straight; blackish, with yellow markings, a very narrow sub- costal streak from base to one-third, posteriorly attenuated ; 3 . iP four moderately broad transverse fascie, first not near reach- ing costa, at one-fourth from base, faintly produced along fold, and just reaching inner margin; second not near reach- ing either miargin, somewhat quadrate, placed exactly in middle of wing; third from just beneath costa to anal angle, -oblique, and with a rounded sinuation in middle; fourth just before apex, triangular, a few yellowish scales along termen ; cilia blackish. Hindwings very dark fuscous; cilia orange, becoming blackish above middle and at base. | | I am inclined to place this insect in the genus Linosticha, Meyr., but the termination of vein 7 is just below the apex ; ‘the rather short palpi and antennal ciliations would certainiy seem to indicate that genus as being its proper position. The apex of both wings on the underside is orange; a curious form of markings. Perth, Western Australia; one specimen received from Mr. . Angel, taken in November. PHILOBOTA ISOZONA, Nn. Sp. Female, 20 mm. Head orange. Palpi, antenne, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous, palpi internally orange, second joint with suffused apical and subapical orange rings, terminal joint yellowish, thorax with a yellow posterior spot, antenne faintly annulated with yellow. Legs orange-yellow, anterioi and middle tibiz and tarsi spotted above with fuscous. Fore- wings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obli- quely rounded ; dark fuscous, with five yellowish blotches, first on inner margin near base, somewhat triangular, reaching nearly to costa; second cuneiform, on costa before middle , third similar, on costa at three-fourths ; fourth irregular quad- rate on inner margin beyond middle, reaching half across wing, only separated from third by a streak of ground color ; fifth suffused, irregular, just before termen in middle; cilia -dark fuscous, becoming yellowish in middle and at anal angle. Hindwings bronzy-fuscous, becoming orange on basal half; -cilia fuscous. Perhaps nearest /unata, Turner, but very differently colored, although the markings are somewhat similar on forewings. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen in December. C#SYRA MILTOZONA, 0. Sp. Male, 10 mm. Head orange. Palpi yellow, second joint fuscous beneath. Antenne and thorax dark purplish-fuscous. Legs fuscous, posterior pair ochreous. Abdomen greyish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely rounded ; bright yellow, with bright red markings ; 94 a basal fascia, from one-third costa to one-third inner margin ;. a similar fascia from costa at three-fourths to anal angle, with a rounded projection on each side in middle, and leaving a spot of ground color on fascia between; a moderate line along termen ; cilia yellow, becoming grey on lower half. In the neighborhood of personata, Meyr. Derby, Western Australia; one specimen in October. ACOMPSIA EPILEUCA, 1. Sp. Female, 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and thorax fus- cous, second joint of palpi with whitish subapical band, an- tenne with pecten, abdomen yellow. Legs ochreous, anterior and middle tabiz and tarsi banded with fuscous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa hardly arched, termen- oblique, hardly rounded, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 2 and 3 separate ; fuscous, suffusedly mixed with whitish, especially along costa and posterior half of wing; a dark fuscous spot on costa at one-third, a second, larger, on middle of costa; a longitudinal series of 3 ovate, blackish white edged spots in middle of wing; 3 suffused blackish costal spots, between three-fourths and apex ; a small blackish patch on termen above anal angle ; cilia greyish, with a row of blackish spots at base, which are continued right around apex to costal cilia. Hindwings fuscous, becoming ochreous-tinged at base; 3 and 4 connate, 5 very closely approximated to 4 at base; cilia light fuscous, ochreous tinged at base. The neuration of hindwings is- curious. Duaringa, Queensland ; one specimen in January. CECOPHORA IODES, Nn. sp. Female, 20 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and antenne deep- fuscous, somewhat purplish tinged, second joint of palpi with. a blackish subapical ring, apex grey-whitish, antenne without pecten. Anterior and middle legs fuscous, tarsi obscurely banded with white, posterior pair grey. Abdomen grey- whitish. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa moderately . arched, termen very obliquely rounded; 2 and 3 separate ; dull purplish-fuscous; an irregular suffused black streak in middle of wing from base to posterior extremity of cell; a suf- fused blackish spot on inner margin near base; a row of blackish dots along termen, continued around apex to costa, where they beeome more elongate; cilija fuscous-purplish. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate; grey, faintly fuscous tinged at apex; cilia grey. Not very near any other known to me, but somewhat like Guestia uniformis, Meyr., but the separation of veins 2 and 3: 95 of forewings and absence of pecten are reliable points of dis- tinction. The genus Weophora, Latr., as now restricted by Mr. Meyrick in his “Handbook of British Lepidoptera,” pos- sesses the characters of this species, 7.e., absence of antennal pecten, vein 7 to costa, 2 and 3 separate. |Hindwings with 3 and connate or stalked. Blackwood and Parkside, South Australia; two specimens in August. GUESTIA ACTINIPHA, N. sp. Female, 22 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and antenne whitish, faintly fuscous tinged, second joint of palpi beneath light fuscous, except apex, antenne with moderate pecten. Abdomen grey-whitish. Legs white, posterior pair ochreous tinged. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa moderately arched, termen obliquely rounded ; light cinerous-grey ; costal edge narrowly whitish from one-third to apex; a moderately broad longitudinal white streak lying in middle of cell; cell outlined more or less with fuscous on lower edge, and con- tinued to posterior extremity, where it is spot-like and more sharply defined ; a suffused fuscous spot in disc above middle at one-third ; a similar but more suffused spot just below and beyond, almost resting on, and indicating commencement of line along cell; a somewhat suffused elongate whitish streak above middle, between posterior extremity of cell and ter- men; a suffused fuscous line along termen; cilia grey-whitish. Hindwings grey; cilia light ochreous-grey. The white longitudinal streak and different ground color easily separate this from the other described species. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in May. GUESTIA PELADELPHA, Lower. I have a specimen of this insect, taken at Roeburne, Western Australia, in which vein 6 of the forewings is long-stalked, in addition to the usual neuration. It is a curious deformity, occurring in one wing only. PAURONOTA, N. g. Head moderately smooth. Antenne in male moderately ciliated (1), basal joint moderate, with pecten. Labial palpi short, recurved, second joint not reaching base of antenne, with appressed scales, somewhat loose beneath, terminal one- half of second, acute. Thorax smooth. Posterior tibiae clothed with long hairs above. Forewings with vein 1 furcate, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 2 and 3 rising on a curved stalk out of 4 near origin. Hindwings ovate-lanceolate, cilia 1; 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 parallel. 96 Allied to Guestia, Meyr., but differs by the very short palpi, shape of hindwings and longer cilia. PAURONOTA THERMALOMA, 0. sp. Male, 18 mm. MHead reddish-fuscous. Palpi, antenne, and thorax fuscous, patagia reddish-fuscous. Legs fuscous, posterior pair grey-whitish, all tibie and tarsi obscurely ringed with whitish. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, anal tuft ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderate, costa hardly arched, apex somewhat pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; fuscous; all veins more or less outlined with darker fuscous; a small dark fuscous line on inner margin near base; a suffused line of dark fuscous scales along termen; cilia fus ‘cous, becoming distinctly light reddish on basal half, and with a few blackish scales at base. Hindwings grey; cilia grey, ochreous tinged on basal half. Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in July. MacROBATHRA DROSERA, DN. sp. Male,16mm. MHead and palpi greyish-fuscous, dusted with whitish. Antenne and legs dark fuscous. Abdomen fus- cous, segmental margins silvery-grey. Forewings elongate- lanceolate ; blackish ; markings dull whitish, finely irrorated with fuscous; 3 equidistant, somewhat flattened triangular spots at one-sixth, before middle and before apex, the latter one almost reaching dorsal streak ; a moderately broad dorsal streak, from base to anal angle, broadest on basal half, and with a slight sinuation on upper edge beyond middle ; cilia greyish- fuscous, mixed with whitish and blackish scales at base. Hindwings fuscous; cilia greyish-ochreous. Not very near any other; easily recognised by the markings not being white or yellow, which colors are predominant in this group. | Broken Hill, New South Wales; one specimen in October. Mimopoxa, n. g. Head smooth. Antenne in male slender, moderately and evenly ciliated, basal joint elongate, without pecten. Palpi moderately long, second joint not nearly reaching base of an- tenn, with appressed scales, moderately smooth beneath, ter- minal joint as long as second, slender recurved. Thorax smooth. Forewings elongate-lanceolate. Hindwings as broad as forewings, broadly-lanceolate; cilia one and a half. Abdomen somewhat flattened. Posterior tibize clothed with long hairs above. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 2 from considerably before angle of cell, 3 from angle, 97 lower fork of vein 1 hardly obsoete towards base. Hind- wings with 3 and 4 connate, 5 absent, coincident with 4. Allied to Macrobathra, Meyr., but differs by neuration of hindwings. The absence of vein 5 is unusual in the (covho- ride; but Mr. Meyrick, to whom a specimen was submitted, placed it in this family. MIMODOXA DRYINA, 0. sp. Male, 9-10 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous-whitisn, second joint palpi internally blackish, and with an obscure whitish apical rmg. Antenne fuscous, irregularly annulated with white, basal joint black, with an obscure whitish ring at apex. Abdomen greyish, strongly margined with fuscous. Legs whitish, irregularly banded with fuscous, posterior pair -greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate ; fuscous- whitish ; becoming darker at base; markings black; a narrow strongly oblique fascia from costa near base to inner margin ati one-sixth ; a second similar fascia, more obscure, from one- third of costa to inner margin in middle, hardly reaching inner margin; a third, thicker and irregular from five-sixths -costa to anal angle, broadest on costa; a more or less well-de- fined narrow longitudinal median streak from base to apex, suffused at apex; cilia dark fuscous, mixed with whitish. Hindwings lanceolate, thinly scaled; pale grey; fuscous to- wards apex; cilia ochreous-grey. Broken Hill, New South Wales; three specimens in October. EUCRYPTOGONA, Nn. g. Head somewhat rough haired. Antenne serrate, with tufts of long ciliations at joints, about 5, without pecten, or with one or two fugitive hair scales. Palpi porrect, terminal joint concealed, second dilated towards apex, clothed with long rough hairs above and beneath. Posterior tibie with long fine hairs. Forewings elongate, moderate, termen ob- lique; all veins separate, secondary cell distinct, 1 furcate at base, 2 from before angle, 6 and 7 remote at base, 7 to ter- men. Hindwings as broad as forewings, termen obliquely round; 3 and 4 widely remote at base, 5 and 6 parallel to 4, 6 to termen. A very singular genus, which, I think, should be referred to the Plutellide, as the separation of all veins when present is a character which does not occur in the Wceophoriaw. The long ciliations of antenne and haired tibie of hindlegs are characters which are discordant in the former family, yet the curious palpi would appear to indicate some relationship to the latter family, especially in the genus Plewrota. Hb. 98 EUCRYPTOGONA TRICHOBATHRA, D. Sp. , Male, 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax reddish-fuscous,. thorax with 2 reddish porrected tufts of hair on anterior edge. Antenne fuscous; ciliations nearly 5. Legs fuscous, posterior pair ochreous-grey, tibie clothed. with long ochreous hairs, all tarsi ringed with ochreous. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings- elongate, moderate, costa gently arched, termen obliquely © rounded; greyish-fuscous, strongly mixed with ferruginous, reddish, and black scales; markings blackish, obscure; a. suffused streak beneath costa, from base to middle; a streak on fold from base to cell; a spot at end of cell; a mark in middle of cell; a suffused spot on inner margin near base ; an interrupted streak along termen, edged posteriorly by fuscousreddish ; cilia greyish, mixed with blackish. scales. Hindwings elongate-ovate, fuscous; cilia greyish, becoming dark fuscous at base. Broken Hill, New South Wales; three specimens in May. 99 ‘FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By the Rev. T. Buacksurn, B.A. eX [Read October 1, 1901.]} CARABIDA. GIGADEMA. It is extremely difficult to identify the species of this genus ‘that have been described in the section that have the disc of the pronotum smooth or at any rate non-punctulate. The difficulty arises chiefly from the insufficiency of the descriptions,—more particularly their reliance upon prothoracic characters (which vary sexually as well as specifically) in most cases without note -of the sex of the specimen referred to. Signor Gestro furnished some valuable notes and numerous figures relating to the species -of De Castelnau’s collection but I am afraid his figures are not reliable (Ann. Mus. Gen., 1875). His figure of the prothorax -of G. longipenne, Germ. (sex not specified, but it is evidently the female), makes that segment scarcely wider than long (as seven to six), but the width of the prothorax in Jongipenne (female) is _as seven to four and a quarter. I am quite confident as to my — identification of this species as I have examples from Germar’s locality, and I have no doubt either but that Gestro’s notes refer to the true /ongipenne,—the fault is in the drawing of the figure. Ten species appertaining to this section of Gigadema have been -described (disregarding noctis, Newm., which seems to be a mere name). Of these ten I myself described three and longipenne, ‘Germ., is well known to me. Bostocki, Cast. (from W.A.), I have identified with tolerable certainty by the aid of Dr. Gestro’s notes. The remaining five are from Eastern Australia (Queens- land and N.S. Wales). I have before me two species from that ‘region which, however, I am not able to identify with certainty, and also a species from Victoria which is not unlikely to be one -of those described from N.S. Wales. G. atrum, Macl., is not before me ; it is a very isolated species by the form of its palpi as well as by its sculpture and seems from the description unlikely to be a true Gigadema. One of my three species mentioned above (from N. Queensland) is almost certainly grande, Macl. (female, 100 the type appears from the description to have been a male, but my specimen agrees with Gestro’s figure of the female); the other two are not unlikely to be two of intermedia, Gestro, titanum, Thoms., and politu/um, Macl., but I cannot identify them confi- fidently. I have also before me two species from Central and one from Western Australia which are a]l certainly undescribed, and of which I furnish descriptions below. I also furnish, below,,. a tabulation showing the prominent characters of all the species of this section of the genus (except intermedium, titanum, and politulum, which J am quite confident are not identical with any of the species characterised in the tabulation, but which I am not. able to tabulate from the descriptions). In this genus the form of the ligula is very diverse, but appears to be constant in individuals of the same species; at any rate it is constant in -specimens of G. longipenne, Germ.,—the only Gigadema of which I have been able to examine a fairly long series,—and also in such few specimens as J have seen of other species. The form and proportions of the prothorax also furnish: reliable specific characters so long as the fact is allowed for that in nearly (if not quite) all the species the front outline of that segment presents sexual characters. Further valuable assistance in the identification of species may be found in the puncturation of the elytra, which (so far as I can judge) is but little affected by sex. The sexes in this genus are not very readily determined: by external characters; I do not find any constant sexual character on the ventral segments, and the anterior tarsi are scarcely dilated in the males; in some specimens however the- front tarsi bear some sucker-like papillz on their under surface, and I have assumed this to be a male character. G.dux,sp.nov. Mas. Robustum; nigrum; capite inequali, sparsim: irregulariter sat fortiter punctulato; ligula pernitida punc- turis paucis impressa, in parte mediana depressa, ad latera elevata (antice obtuse, postice sat anguste); prothorace- quam longiori ut 10 ad 6 Jatiori, fere ut G. longipenne, Germ. maris conformato (2.e. laterum arcu, margine antico, et angulis similibus) sed Jateribus ad basin magis parallelis (his in parte dimidia postica obtuse crenulatis), disco toto: fortiter crebre transversim strigato; elytris striatis, inter- stitiis sat planis (7° nullo modo cariniformi) creberrime nec: seriatim rugulosis (sed apicem versus interstitiorum externo- rum puncture nonnihil biseriatim impress apparent). Long., 17 1.; lat., 541 A very large and deep black species. The non-seriate sculpture: of its elytral interstices (except in the apical portion near the lateral margins) and the very strong close transverse wrinkling” 101 of the disc of its pronotum at once separate it from all its described congeners. W. Australia ; sent to me by Mr. Jung. G. longius, sp. nov. Fem. Minus robustum; piceum; capite minus inzequali sat crebre subfortiter punctulato, pone oculos -haud tumido ; ligula in parte mediana depressa sat opace coriacea et sat crebre punctulata, ad latera_ elevata (antice obtuse, postice sat anguste) obsolete sat crebre punctulata, partibus elevatis quoque_ grosse_ seriatim punctulatis; prothorace quam longiori ut 10 ad 7 latiori, fere ut G. longipennis, Germ. maris conformato (sed marginis antici parte mediana paullo magis prominenti), lateribus totis crebre acute crenulatis, disco leviter trans- versim rugato (partibus ceteris sat grosse,—quam G. longipennis, Germ., multo magis fortiter,—punctulatis) ; elytris striatis, interstitiis subplanis (7° leviter carinato) biseriatim subtilius (4°, 6°, =", 9° que vix seriatim, quam cetera magis crebre) punctulatis. Long., 18 1.; lat., 6 1. Not unlike G. lonyipennis, Germ., but very much larger, the ligula totally different, the sides of the head not tumid behind the eyes, the sides of the prothorax strongly crenulate, the punc- turation of the head and pronotum much stronger, the interstices of the elytra flatter, and their puncturation though scarcely finer decidedly closer,—especially on the fourth, sixth, eighth, and ninth interstices. Central Australia (McDonnell Ranges). G. longicolle, sp. nov. Fem. Minus robustum ; piceum ; capite miuus inzquali sat ‘crebre subfortiter punctulato, pone oculos vix tumido; ligul. fere ut precedentis (G. longioris), sed in parte mediana minus crebre punctulata ; prothorace quam longiori ut 10 ad 7? latiori, postice sat fortiter angus- tato, sat fortiter subcrebre punctulato (disco levi excepto), lateribus sat fortiter arcuatis minus fortiter sinuatis in parte postica dimidia leviter crenulatis, margine antico in medio modice prominenti, angulis anticis rotundatis posticis leviter obtusis; elytris striatis, interstitiis sat planis (7° manifeste carinato excepto) regulariter sat fortiter biseriatim punctulatis. Long., 17 1.; lat., 6 1. The prothorax of this species is notably less strongly trans- verse than that of any other Gigadema known to me and its sides are less strongly sinuate in approaching the base. The punctures of the elytral interstices are as strong as in the species which I take to be G. Bostocki, Cast., but they are placed more regularly in rows and considerably more closely than in that species. Central Australia (Oodnadatta). 102 TABULATION. A. Disc of pronotum smooth or transversely strigate (not punctured). B. Ligula strongly convex... ... longipennis, Germ. BB. Lizula not of uniformly convex form. C. Ligula extremely nitid and hii akin except having a few distant punctures... rugaticolle, Blackb. CC. Ligula not like that of » ugatirolle. D. Seventh interstice of elytra not carinate. K. Sides of head ined tumid behind the eyes eremita, Blackb. EE. Sides of head not tumid behind the eyes ... duc, Blackb. DD. Seventh interstice of elytra carinate,— at least near the base. K. The interstices become near apex . convex and very closely punctured grande, Macl. (?). EE. The interstices not as in grande (?). F. More than two rows of punctures on fourth and sixth interstices .. longius, Blackb. FF. Interstices four and six with only two rows of punctures. G. Prothorax strongly transverse. H. Puncturation of interstices nor- mal (about as in longinennis). mandibularis, Blackb. HH. Puncturation of interstices much more sparse and strong Bostocki, Cast. (?). GG. Prothorax notably less strongly transverse.. longicolle, Blackb. AA. Disc of pronotum closely and ‘rugulosely punctured Phe sulcatum, Macl., and others forming a distinct section of the genus. N.B.—The following described species are omitted from the above tabulation owing to uncertainty in my identification of them, viz, G. wintermedium, Gestro, politulum, Macl., and titanum, Thoms. XANTHOPH@GA. X. concinna, sp. nov. Elongata; sat nitida; rufo-testacea, elytris pallidioribus singulis vittis binis nigris (altera sutu- rali, altera submarginali) integris ornatis; oculis modicis, crebre minus leviter granulatis; prothorace quam longiori ut 24 ad 2 latiori, supra transversim subfortiter strigato et leviter punctulato, parte marginali late deplanata et leviter recurva, lateribus leviter arcuatis postice modice sinuatis, angulis posticis acutis sat fortiter extrorsum directis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis sat planis minus crebre punctulatis (3° postice punctura setigera unica impresso). Long., 4 1.; lat., 12 1. The sutural vitta of the elytra covers the sutural and second interstices; the lateral vitta covers the sixth, seventh, and eighth interstices on each elytron al! the vitte are entire and very sharply defined. 103 Differs from X. grandis, Chaud, and sutwrata, Newm., by the much stronger and closer granulation of its eyes. From the other (except possibly several which are unknown to me but are certainly quite distinct) species having the sides of the pronotum widely dilated it is readily distinguished by (in combination) its fifth elytral interstice devoid of setigerous punctures, its third elytral interstice with only one setigerous puncture, and its elytral interstices not particularly closely punctured (much less closely than in X. wittata, Dej.). N.S. Wales (Blue Mountains). X. cylindricollis, sp. nov. Elongata, angusta (quam latior fere quater longior), sat convexa; nitida; glabra; rufa, elytrorum apice antennis pedibusque dilutioribus ; capite pone oculos fortiter tumido; oculis magnis, vix manifeste granulatis ; prothorace quam caput manifeste angustiori, quam latiori ut 4 ad 3 longiori, subcylindrico, postice quam antice vix latiori, fere levi, longitudinaliter profunde canaliculato, canali integro), parte laterali minus late sulcata, lateribus ante medium leviter arcuatis pone medium leviter sinuatis, angulis posticis minus acutis leviter extrorsum directis ; elytris profunde striatis, striis crenulatis, interstitiis con- vexis subtiliter sparsissime punctulatis (3° puncturas seti- geras 3 ferenti). Long., 3.1.; lat., £1. (vix). It is with some hesitation that I refer this species to Xanthophea. It certainly does not look congeneric with A. grandis, vittata, and their allies. But it is much more like (in respect of facies) the species that Chaudoir placed in Xanthophawa under the name /ferruginea, with which it might well be con- generic. However, as Mr. Sloane has recently proposed an arrangement of the Australian genera of Lebiides (Pr. L.S., N.S.W., 1898) which seems to me satisfactory (at any rate pro- visionally) and intelligible, that for me settles the matter, and I think it well for workers on Australian Carabidae to follow as much as possible his definitions of genera and so leave him a free hand to improve his work himself if in some instances he should find that his generic definitions are of too wide a character. Mr. Sloane’s essential characters for Xanthophea are ‘4th joint of tarsi bilobed, antenne inserted considerably in front of the eyes, tarsi setose on the upper surface,” all of which are characters of the present species. He includes in Xanthophea all the Aus- tralian species that have hitherto been referred to Demetrias. The nearest ally known to me of this species is the insect dis- cussed below urder the name X. (Demetrias) longicollis, Macl., from which it differs inter alia by its narrower and more convex form, longer prothorax, and especially the well-marked dilatation {behind the eyes) of the sides of its head. The last-mentioned 104 character inter alia also distinguishes this species from X. ( Demetrius) tweedensis, Blackb., and X. (Cymindis ) rufescens, Macl., to both of which it is allied. N. Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Koebele. X. (Cymindis) longicollis, Macl. I have received from Mr. Lea some specimens of an insect from Northern N.S Wales. which the sender says are C. longicollis, Macl., Mr. Lea appears. to have compared them with Macleay’s type and therefore L suppose his determination may be accepted (Macleay’s descrip- tion is quite useless). The species sent by Mr. Lea is the same that I have regarded as X. ferruginea, Chaud., and which [ still believe to be that insect; if it be so, Chaudoir’s name must be- dropped in favor of the name Xanthophea longicollis, Macl. X,. (Demetrias) rufescens, Macl. I have examples from Cairns (Macleay’s locality) of an insect which agrees well with the: description of this species except in its elytral interstices (not ‘“‘without punctures” but) under a strong lens showing some fine and very Sparse puncturation. I have no doubt of its being X. rufescens but I am not satisfied that it is distinct from X. longicollis. Its elytral interstices are certainly less strongly convex (especially near the lateral margins) than those of longicollis, but I cannot find other characters to distinguish it. TRIGONOTHOPS. In Proc. L.8., N.S.W., 1892, pp. 65 and 66, I furnished some: notes in which I drew attention to the difficulty of distinguishing T. longiplaga, Chaud, from 7’. pacifica, Er. Since the publication of those notes I have collected both species in the localities where: the types were taken, and have found that they are certainly dis- tinguishable by their sexual characters, but I cannot distinguish them otherwise. The male of the species which I take to be longiplaga has its front tarsi strongly dilated and four setigerous. punctures on its apical ventral segment; the male of pacifica has. front tarsi much less dilated, and only two setigerous punctures on its apical ventral segment. Usually the anterior pale spot. reaches the front margin of the elytra in longiplaga ; it very rarely does so in pacifica but there are exceptions in both species. The “vars. ?” lindensis and occidentalis which [ referred to- pacifica may possibly be vars. of dungiplaga,—or even distinct species, —as they are females, and I cannot find any character to differentiate the females. I have not seen a male of pacifica except from Tasmania or of longiplaga except from Victoria. T. fiwwofasciata, Chaud. This species is distinguishable from: 7’. pacifica, Er., and longiplagy, Chaud, by its wider prothorax and its elytral interstices considerably more distinctly punctured. The lateral dilatation of the anterior pale space on its elytra is. ’ 105 rarely wanting. So far as I can judge it is never present in pacifica or longiplaga. In Pr. L.S., N.S.W. (loc. cit.), I ex- pressed doubt as to the validity of this species but the further examination of additional specimens has dispelled my doubts. Its male has front tarsi only feebly dilated and only two seti- gerous punctures on the apical ventral segment. ECTROMA. In Pr. LS., N.S. W., 1889, p. 710, I proposed this name for certain species allied to Surothrocrepis which the Baron de Chaudoir had stated were in his opinion distinct from that genus. I regard Dromius civica as the type of Ectroma and it was on that insect that the characters distinguishing Ectroma from Sarothrocrepis were specified. I am not sure that the three other species which de Chaudoir considered congeneric with civica are really so, nor am I certain that I know them all (two at least of them are quite insufficiently described). If I am right in my identification of them—and I think I can hardly be mistaken in one at least (Lebia benefica, Newm.)—their sexual characters are slightly different (the intermediate tarsi in the male being feebly dilated) but they agree with D. civiea, Newm, in what I regard as the essential distinction of Ectroma from Sarothrocrepis—viz., the form of the apical joint of the labial palpi, which is in Sarothrocrep:s compressed and at the apex wide and truncate, while in Hctroma it is more slender and at the apex attenuate (though very narrowly truncate at the ex- treme apex). There are anumber of Australian species in my opinion best placed at present in Zctroma which differ a little inter se in respect of structural characters and which may possibly call for the creation of several new generic names. eventually. Their structural differences consist chiefly in sexual characters and in the form of the fourth joint of the tarsi. In most of them the fourth joint of the tarsi is (as in civicum, Newm.) bilobed on all the tarsi; in one species (described below) the fourth joint is alike on all the tarsi but is not actually bilobed (it is dilated and the claw joint is inserted on the upper surface near the hase, but the apex viewed from beneath is not or but slightly emarginate) ; in two other species (described below) the fourth joint of the front and middle tarsi is bilobed while that of the hind tarsi is simple. The following are the leading characters which [ regard as in combination distinguishing Ectroma from allied genera :—The fourth joint of at least the front and middle tarsi dilated and having the fifth joint inserted near its base (its apex not, or more or less strongly, emarginate), claws pectinate, upper surface of tarsi not setose, base of antenne not far distant from the eyes, apical joint of labial palpi more or less slender and towards its apex attenuate, body not pubescent. 106 The following names appear to have been given by the earlier authors to insects that I should refer to Hctroma, viz.,—Dromius tridens, Newm., Lebia benefica, Newm., L. Duponti, Putz., and Cymindis inquinata, Er. I regard the first three of these as representing but one species which must stand as Hctroma tridens, Newm. In Proc. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 67, I conjectured that D. tridens might be the same as J'rigonothops pacifica, Er., with the description of which its description such as it is agrees decidedly better than it does with the description of Lebia benefica, Newm.; nevertheless de Chaudoir states confidently (Berl. Ent. Zeit., 1873, p. 54),—possibly on an actual inspection of the type,—that D. tridens is congeneric with ZL. benefica, Newm. (which he certainly would not have stated if it had been a Trigonothops and if he had the type before him), and moreover Y have (since I wrote my note on D. tridens) received from Mr. A. Simson a specimen stated to be on the authority of M. Putzeys named D. tridens which is certainly an Hctroma and in my opinion conspecific with #. (Lebia) benefica, Newm. These two items of evidence are no doubt strong, and in deference to them it seems best to regard Dromius tridens (until further evidence is forthcoming) as an Ectroma badly described by its author and as identical with Lebia benefica, Newm. I cannot, however, leave the subject without adding the remarks that Newman is hardly likely to have described the same insect as a Dromius and as a Lebia ; and that the facies of Dromius (to which Newman attributed his iridens) is very much more that of T'rigonothops than of Ectroma, while the facies of Lebia is much more that of Lictroma. As regards Lebia Duponti, Putz., de Chaudoir states (I have no doubt correctly) that it 1s identical with LZ. benefica, Newm. Concerning Cymindis inquinata, Er., de Chaudoir states that it is congeneric with L. benefica and the description reads like that of a possible variety of that species (which is common in Tas- mania,—Erickson’s locality for inquinata), but as I have not seen a specimen exactly agreeing with the description of inquinata it is better for me to consider it probably a good species. Of subsequently described species the following seem likely to be referable to Ectroma though placed in different genera. It seems well to mention them here for the guidance of future describers, although their descriptions are not of a kind to indt- cate their generic position and I conjecture them to belong to Ectroma chiefly by the notes of their size and style of markings. They are Trigonothops ornata, Macl. (which must be very like E. benefica, Newm.) and Sarothrocrepis liturata, Macl., notata, Macl., notabilis, Macl., and fasciata, Macl. They are all from N.W. Australia except fasciata which is from Queensland. 107 I may add that two species described by me as of this genus. (obsoletum and parvicolle) are only doubtfully referable to it, their antenne being inserted at a greater distance from the eyes than those of typical species. I should have been disposed to place them in T7'rigonothops were it not that one of them (obsoletum) has the fourth joint of its tarsi not truly bifid (though: appearing so when viewed from the upper side) and that in the other the position of the antennz seems really intermediate between ‘its position in those two genera while its facies is much more that of Hctroma than of T'rigonothops. Perhaps in reality they ought to be considered as representing two new genera,— one of which may be ELulebia (a genus unknown to me and not recognisably diagnosed). It is further to be noted that it is just possible I may in the following descriptions re-name some of Macleay’s species men- tioned above, the descriptions of which are merely brief indica- tions of color and markings,—but as none of my species agree satisfactorily with those indications and are all from localities. very distant from those quoted by Macleay I do not think identity probable. E. elegans, sp.nov. Mas. Testaceum, prothoracis parte mediana late ferruginea, elytris macula magna communi nigro-fusca ornatis (hac reversa arborem simulanti, ad basin sicut ad striam 5“ utrinque extenditur dilatata, parte frondem simu- . lanti ad striam 7°” utrinque et ad partem apicalem 8™ extensa, in parte dilatata basali utrinque macula parva sub- scutellari testacea notata); oculis subtiliter nullo modo obsolete (fere ut LH. benefice, Newm.) granulatis ; antennis mox ante oculos insertis; capite coriaceo subopaco parum convexo ; prothorace quam longiori ut 2 ad 1} latiori, antice quam postice manifeste angustiori, canaliculato, coriaceo, subopaco, lateribus sat fortiter rotundatis nullo modo sinuatis, latitudine majori vix ante medium sita, angulis. posticis obtusis nullo modo reflexis, basi bisinuata vix lobata ;. elytris nitidis, striatis, interstitiis antice subconvexis postice planis ; tarsorum omnium articulo 4° subtus producto ad apicem vix emarginato, supra fere ad basin concavo ;, articulo 5° prope 4' basin inserto; unguiculis pectinatis. Long., 22 1.; lat., 131. The common dark blotch on the elytra (viewed with the head of the insect towards the observer) resembles the figure of a tree, with the basal part of the trunk greatly dilated and the upper outline of the foliage serrate. Victoria. E. inquinata, Er. I have before me specimens from Western. and South-Western Australia which appear to me distinct from: 108 E. benefica, Newm., though undoubtedly closely allied to it. ‘Stru: turally they differ by their coriaceous subopaque head and fren tum and the evidently greater length of the b:sal joint (as compar ‘d with the second) of their hind tarsi. The pattern of their elytra differs by the absence of a humeral dark mark and the dark mark behind the middle not being produced forward on the suture. I should have no hesitation in describing this insect as a new species were it not for the possibility of its being a variety of H. (Cymindis) inquinata, Er.,—having the external discal dark mark attributed to that species confluent with the post-median blotch. £. grave, sp. nov. Testaceum, elytris macula basali (hac in in- terstitio 4° sita) macula humerali et macula communi post- mediana (hac marginem lateralem attingenti, antrorsum in sutura et ad marginem lateralem late breviter producta, apicem fere attingenti) fusco-nigris ornatis ; capitis forma antennarum insertione et oculorum granulis ut precedentis (E. elegantis) ; prothorace quam longiori ut 1} ad | latiori, antice parum angustato, canaliculato, ut caput subtiliter coriaceo subopaco, lateribus leviter arcuatis pone medium subsinuatis, angulis posticis obtusis (sed fere rectis) mani- feste reflexis, basi media late leviter lobata, Jatitudine majori sat longe ante medium sita; elytris sat nitidis, striatis, interstitiis antice sat manifeste postice vix convexis ; tarsorum anticorum 4 articulo 4° bilobo, posticorum hoc articulo simplici perbreve (quam articulus 3" duplo breviori); unguiculis pectinatis. Long., 241.; lat., 1} 1. (vix). At once separable from the preceding two species by the fourth joint of the hind tarsi being simple. The post-median common dark blotch on the elytra extends from margin to margin, occupy- ing about the front two-thirds of the hind half of the elytra, and is feebly produced forward at its extremities and on the suture ; its hind margin is not far from straight. The front and middle tarsi are feebly dilated in the male. It is just possibly identical with Sarothrocrepis Mastersi, Macl. (from Queensland), of which the entire description is as follows :—‘ Length, 3 1. This species, though much smaller, looks very like Lebza posticalis, Guer. It is however of rather a paler hue, and the black fascia on the elytra is larger.” Victoria and Tasmania. E fasciata, Macl. (?). I have before me specimens which may appertain to this species. They are from Queensland, Central Australia, and North-west Australia, and therefore likely in respect of their habitat to be Macleay’s insect. The description — of it is as follows :—“ Length, 21. Like the last ( Sarothrocrepis 109 pallida) but much smaller, and with a broad biack fascia on the hinder part of the elytra which is prolonged along the suture towards the apex.” The description of S. pallida is a similar comparison of that species with S. Mastersi, and the description of S. Mastersi (as noted above) a similarly brief comparison with S. posticalis. There is not much in the above to assist identi- fication, but I remember seeing the type of fasciata some years ago at Sydney and recognise the present species as at any rate considerably resembling it. The species that I therefore call “ FE. fascrata, Macl. (?)” is entirely testaceous except some fuscous, coloring (not always present) along the front of the pronotum and the sides of the abdomen, and on the elytra a dark sub- basal spot on either side near the scutellum and a dark marking beliind the middle the form of which is difficult to describe; the ‘second interstice is dark from the middle for about two thirds of its distance thence towards the apex, the third and fourth in- terstices are dark from about the beginning of the apical one- third of their length to about the beginning of the apical one- fourth, the fifth interstice is dark on a still smaller space, and the sixth interstice is dark from about the middle of its length for about one-half its distance thence to the apex; the first in- terstice is slightly infuscate on the part corresponding to that which is dark fuscous on the second interstice. Thus the dark ‘portions of the interstices form a kind of common fascia extend- ing from the sixth interstice on one elytron to the same on the -other elytron, which fascia is strongly trifid on its front margin and jaggedly arcuate on its hind margin. The above markings scarcely vary in the dozen specimens that are before me. The granulation of the eyes, insertion of antennz and coriaceous subopacity of the pronotom do not seem to differ much from the same in the preceding species. The prothorax is wider than in the allied species, its width being to its length almost as one and two-thirds to one. The striation and interstices of its elytra are not noticeably different fromthe same in grave. The tarsi very closely resemble those of grave, with the exception that the fourth joint of the hind pair is notably longer, being quite dis- tinctly more than one-half the Jength of the preceding joint. I possess besides the specimens described above two examples of an Ectroma from South-west Australia (Eucla) which I take to represent a variety of the same insect as I can find no difterence except in the markings of the elytra which are almost exactly as in the species that I have (above) called “ H. inguinata, Er. (?).”. Of the two forms this latter (from Eucla) seems to agree more exactly than the other with Macleay’s quasi-descrip- tion. It is perhaps possible that the insect described above is that 110 which in his paper on the Carabide of West Australia (P.L.S.,. N.S.W., p. 499, 1898) Mr. Sloane has called 2. beneficum, Newm. I have not seen the true beneficum from West Australia. EB. fragile, sp. nov. Testaceum, elytris macula basali (hac in interstitio 4° sita) et notulis brevibus linearibus in inter- stitiis 2° 4° 6° que sitis sicut ut notule arcum interruptum. communem formant (hoc ab elytrorum longitudinis medio retrorsum directo) fuscis ornatis, abdominis segmentis prope latera et apicem fusco-notatis, nonnullorum exemplorum notulis fuscis nonnullis carentibus; capitis forma antennarum. insertione et oculorum granulis fere ut H. elegantis; pro- thorace quam longiori ut 14 ad 1 latiori, antice parum. angustato, canaliculato, cum capite subtiliter coriaceo sub- opaco, lateribus modice arcuatis pone medium vix subsinu- atis, angulis posticis obtusis quam ZH. gravis minus reflexis, basi media late leviter lobata, latitudine majori sat longe ante medium sita; elytrorum striis interstitiisque fere ut. E. gravis ; tarsis ut uf fasciata, Macl. (?) (ut supra descrip- tum est). Long., 2} 1.; lat., 1,4, 1 This species is of Ge ti fragile depressed appearance as. compared with its allies. It can be readily distinguished from. all the others described above except H. fasciata, Macl. (?) by the structure of its hind tarsi, from the last-named species by its. very much less transverse prothorax as well as by its different elytral markings. South Australia (Sleaford Bay). The following is a tabulation showing the characters of the species known to me of Eetroma. A. Head considerably longer than in the ae species... - ..» parvicolle, Blackb. AA. Head notably shorter. K. None of the tarsi have the fourth joint simple. C. Apex of the elytra dark... BY .. ectvicum, Newm. CC. Apex of the elytra pale. D. Joint 4 of the tarsi strongly dilated and at apex not emarginate .. . obsoletum, Blackb.. DD. Joint 4 of the tarsi less dilated, and at apex emarginate (in some species feebly). E. Sides of prothorax strongly and evenly rounded, not at all sinuate ... .. elegans, Blackb. KE. Sides of ‘prothorax | neither strongly nor evenly rounded. tridens, Newm.(?) \ m no j F. Pronotum nitid, not coriaceous beneficum, Newm. FF. Pronotum subopaque, coriaceous ... inquinata, Er.(?) BB. Joint 4 of hind tarsi simple. C. This joint extremely short... Sie ... grave, Blackb. CC. This joint notably longer. D. Prothorax very strongly transverse ... Ffasciata, Macl.(?) DD. Prothorax much less transverse ... Fragile, Blackb-. iil DIABATICUS. D. collaris, sp. nov. Sat elongatus; sat nitidus; glaber; rufo- brunneus, elytris circa scutellum et latera versus infuscatis ; capite parvo; prothorace quam longiori ut 6 ad 5 latiori, antice quam postice sat angustiori, longitudinaliter profunde canaliculato, lateribus late explanatis (fere ut Xanthophee vittate, Dej.) pone medium subsinuatis, angulis posticis bene determinatis sed fortiter (quam D. australis, Er., multo magis fortiter) obtusis; elytris striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis (3° bipunctato) coriaceis. Long., 4 1|.; lat., 14 1. The insect described above seems to be certainly congeneric with D. australis, Er., agreeing with it in the following charac- ters:—,Head not convex between the eyes, constricted (but obliquely narrowed) and transversely impressed behind the eyes ; mentum with a median tooth ; tarsi glabrous on upper surface (their fourth joint not bilobed) ; claws serrate; elytra glabrous. In all other respects likely to be generic it agrees with D. australis, Er., and has the facies of that species. It is readily distinguished from D. australis inter alia by its narrower prothorax which is widely explanate (somewhat as in Xanthophea vittata, Dej.) on the sides. Victoria. D. pauper, sp. nov. Minus elongatus; subnitidus ; glaber ; rufo- brunneus, prothoracis disco et elytris (margine excepto) piceo-brunneis ; capite sat magno ; prothorace quam longiori ut 4 ad 3 latiori, antice quam postice vix angustiori, longi- tudinaliter sat fortiter canaliculato, lateribus ut D. collaris explanatis pone medium subfortiter sinuatis prope angulos anticos breviter ciliatis, angulis posticis rectis; elytris fortiter striatis, interstitiis subconvexis minus latis punc- tulatis. Long., 31.; lat., 141. This species presents all the generic characters attributed (above) to D. collaris, nor can I find any other characters less indicative of generic agreement with D. anstralis unless the presence of a few fine short sete fringing the front portion of the lateral edges of the prothorax can be regarded as such a one. It has stout antenne and short stout tarsi (the fourth joint of the latter emarginate, though by no means bilobed) exactly like those of D. australis, Er., excepting that the tarsi of the hind legs—as is also the case with D. collaris—are a little less stout. It is at once distinguishable from its two described congeners by inter alia the narrower more convex and quite strongly punctu- late interstices of its elytral striz. ' Tasmania. 112 PHLQOCARABUS. The following species is a member of this genus according to Mr. Sloane’s definition of it in his remarks on the Lebiides in Proc. L.8., N.S.W., 1898. It has all the structural characters that I have quoted above as distinctive of Diabaticus with the -exception that its head is abruptly (not obliquely) narrowed behind the eyes, which Mr. Sloane says is the case with species that he places in Phigocarabus. It is to be noted, however, that De Chaudoir proposed a new generic name (Notowena) for one of those species—in Mr. Sloane’s opinion incorrectly. The fact is that the genera of the Lebiides (as Mr. Sloane points out, quoting Dr. Horn in confirmation) are in a very serious state of | contusion ; and there are not a few genera—Phigocarabus in- cluded—to which it is not in my opinion wise to refer any species without specifying the characters on which the reference is founded, to enable future authors when difficulties are cleared up, to determine the proper place of such species. The following species is certainly, I think, identical generically with the insect that Mr. Sloane calls Phleocarabus (Trigonothops, Macl.; Notoxena, Chaud.) ; nigricollis, Macl., from which [ do not find it to differ structurally in any respect except that its head is a little shorter and its tarsi are more slender. ¢ P. Faring, sp. nov. Glaber; testaceus, capite prothoraceque rufescentibus, in elytris regione scutellari, sutura (apice summo excepto) et fascia postmediana piceis, hac postice serrata ; oculis leviter nec subtiliter manifeste granulatis ; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, supra transversim subtiliter rugato, longitudinaliter canaliculato, ad latera late ex- — planato, antice parum emarginato, lateribus pone medium sinuatis, angulis posticis acute rectis, basi media sat fortiter lobata; elytris coriaceis, striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis, 3° puncturis 3 instructis (punctura postica ad apicem sum- mum posita); tarsis sat gracilibus. Long., 2—251.; lat, 41 1. : The width of the post-median fascia and the size of the scutellar blotch in one of my two specimens are considerably greater than in the other. This evidence of variability renders it impossible to specify any difference between this species and P. nigricollis, Macl., in respect of color and markings except that the head and prothorax are bright rufo-testaceous in this species. Compared with P. nigricollis this species apart from color has an almost similar pronotum which however is a little less explanate laterally and has hind angles a trifle sharper; the sculpture of its elytra is scarcely different, perhaps a trifle less deep. The much smaller size, the shorter head and the consider- 1138 ably more slender tarsi, however, furnish very satisfactory distinctions. Central Australia (Farina, at light). TAROMORPHA. Mr. Sloane (Joc. cit.) includes this among the genera unknown to him, which consequently he cannot place in his tabulation of Lebiini. Its place in his tabulation is beside Copfoglossus from which it differs by its mentum devoid of a median tooth. SILPHOMORPHA. S. rufoguttata, Blackb. This species—described by me Tr. R. Soc, S.A., 1893, p. 295—was wrongly referred to Silphomorpha, being a member of the allied genus Adelotopus. I carelessly overlooked the fact that its eyes are margined externally. It must be very like A. bimaculatus, Macl., and may be identical with it. The diagnosis of that insect is too brief {consisting of nine words) for confident identification but such as it is it fits my specimen. The diagnosis however is followed by the additional (the only additional) information, ‘This species is narrower than the last” (4. apicalis). My insect is much /ess narrow than that which I have regarded as being A. apicalis, Macl., and in fact is wider than any other Adelotopus known to me—which, no doubt, was the cause of my calling it a Silphomorpha without sufiicient study of its characters. It is uncertain therefore whether the name rufoguittata can stand as representing a species distinct from bimaculata, Macl. CLIVINA. C. eyrensis, Blackb. I suspect this species cf being identical with C denticollis, Sloane. When (at the time I described it) I compared it with Mr. Sloane’s descriptions and referred it to his “ obliquata group,” I held it to be a member of the section of that group in which the elytral striz are not “simple,” andso did not consider the question of its being denticollis which forms the other section In revising the nomenclature of my Clivine I have noticed the satisfactory agreement of this species with the description of denticollis in all respects except the puncturation of its elytral striz, and observing that those impressions are certainly only very feebly punctured and bearing in mind that the distinctness of puncturation is not a very reliable character in the Searitides, 1 deem it probable that the name eyrensis, Blackb., must become a synonym of denticollis, Sloane. HARPALUS. H. promtus, Er. I have already (Pr. L.S., N.S.W., 1890, p. 5957) noted the occurrence of an insect agreeing well with the description of H. promtus in South Australia. It agrees so wel] 114 with the description that I consider nothing wanting to assur® the identiflcation except the inspection of specimens from Tas- mania. Since my former note was written I have found it on the Victorian mountains. De Chaudoir referred H. promtus to Bradycellus. The species before me, however, is certainly con- generic with those which Mr. Sloane has referred to the genus Huthenarus (on comparison with New Zealand specimens) which was founded by Bates for some Harpalide from New Zealand allied to Bradycellus. The species that I have before me differs from the other two described Australian EButhenari by inter alia the sharply rectangular hind corners of its prothorax. HAPLANER. H. insulicola, sp. nov. Robustus; modice elongatus ; nitidus ; piceus, palpis pedibus antennarum basi et elytrorum lateri- bus postice testaceis, nonnullorum exemplorum pronoto et corpore subtus obscure rufescentibus; capite sat magno, antice utrinque impresso; prothorace sat fortiter transverso, supra levi, subtiliter canaliculato, postice utrinque impresso, basi quam margo anticus vix latiori, lateribus modice arcuatis, latitudine majori ante medium sita, angulis anticis haud productis posticis obtusis; elytris postice ad latera haud distincte sinuatis, profunde striatis, striis externis (9° et 8* parte postica exceptis) et ceterarum (1* 2* que exceptis) parte postica obsoletis, striarum interstitiis fortiter convexis, stria basali brevi fere nullo. Maris quam feminz statura sat brevior est. Long., 23—3 1.5 lat., 1--1,3, 1. This species is evidently congeneric with AH. velox, Cast., agreeing with it in the non-dilated tarsi of its male, the absence of defined lateral elytral strie, and the almost non-sinuate lateral margin of the elytra. It differs from velox inter alia by the four inner striz of the elytra being very much more deeply impressed and having their interstices quite strongly convex, and by the eighth elytral stria running forward into the front one- fourth of the elytra. where it coalesces with the ninth stria. Thursday Island; given to me by Captain Bourke, R.N. H. velox, Cast. Mr. Sloane (P.LS., N.S.W., 1898, p. 460) expresses a doubt as to the occurrence of this species near Mel- bourne. I have it from that locality and also from 8. Australia. N.B.—I do not know the derivation (and the consequent gender) of the name Haplaner. Is it a misprint for Haplanes ? I see Mr. Sloane calls it “ Harplaner” but that is not Chaudoir’s name nor is it more intelligible than Haplaner. NOTOPHILUS. | N. letus, Blackb. I have specimens from tropical Queensland (sent to me by the late Mr. Cowley, of Cairns) which I am un- able to separate from this South Australian species. 115 LECANOMERUS. L. obseurus, Blackb. This species (described in Tr. Roy. Soc., §.A., 1887, p. 189) is a form of Stenolophus (Harpalus) dingo, Cast., and the name must sink into a synonym of the latter species. I may say that in my opinion this insect cannot rightly be associated with the European Stenolophi, from which it differs widely in the form of the fourth joint of its tarsi, &c.; it seems to require a new generic name, as it differs from Lecanomerus and other Harpalid genera of Australia in the shape of its mandibles and other characters. As, however, Mr. Sloane is at present working as an able specialist on the Austraiian Carabida, I shal’ leave the matter for his treatment. L. (Diaphoromerus) victoriensis, Blackb. In P.L.S., N.S.W., 1890, p. 777, I explained my reasons for calling this insect, with much hesitation, a Diaphoromerus Mr. Sloane has recently (J.c., 1898, p. 464) traversed this reference in favor of Lecanomerus. I take this opportunity of saying that I concur in his remarks. THENAROTES. T. metallicus, Blackb. This species would be better placed in Notophilus. 7. minor, Blackb. I named this (Tr. R.S., S A., 1887, p. 185) as doubtfully a variety of Z. discoidalis, Blackb. A recent examination of it however points to its being a good species as, apart from color differences, I find that the basal foveze of the pronotum are separated from the laterai margin by a slightly convex unpunctured space, whereas in 7 discoidalis they are continuous to the lateral margin. T. discoidalis, Blackb. This species is very near Trechus atriceps, Macl., which (as I have already noted, Tr. R.S., S.A., 1895, p. 28) is a Thenarotes. I think it distinct, however, as the smallest specimen I have seen is notably larger than T. atriceps, and the sides of its prothorax are very evidently less strongly rounded. LESTIGNATHUS. LI. minor, Blackb. This species must be removed to the closely allied genus Hormacrus recently (P.L.S., N.S.W., 1898, p. 488) founded by Mr. Sloane. LACORDAIRIA. Mr. Sloane (loc. cit., p 487) expresses the opinion that this genus and a number of others that have hitherto been attributed to widely different groups of Carabide ought to be associated together and placed among the Licinides. In this I think he is right. T cannot, however, follow him in the opinion that LI. anchomenoides, Cast., argutoroides, Cast., and marginata, Cast., ought to be attributed to the genus Microferonia. I 116 think he bases this reference on the episterna of the metasternum being in those species narrower than in Z. proxima, Cast., which he regards as a typical Lacordairia (probably correctly, although I do not know L. cychroides, Cast., which is I presume the real type, and Mr. Sloane seems to imply that he has not seen it either). For my part I do not find the diversity in the episterna of the species mentioned above at all of a kind that would suggest generic diversity to me, and certainly the species are extremely like each other in facies. But however that may be it appears to me that the episterna of the least closely allied of them all are far less distinct znter se than they all are from the episterna of Microferonia, which moreover is very different from them all in facies. My own inclination is to leave them in Lacordairia, but if they are to be removed from it I think they ought to be formed into a new genus. Mr. Sloane in his tabula- tion of Licinides (loc. cit., p. 188) makes two aggregates of genera | having the episterna respectively “ quadrate (short)” and “ de- cidedly longer than broad.” {I feel no hesitation whatever in referring all the species of Lacordairia mentioned above to the former aggregate and no hesitation in referring Microferonia to the latter. I do not feel much doubt as to the correctness of my indentification of the species mentioned (I collected the specimens on the Victorian mountains—Castelnau’s locality), except in the case of JZ. argutoroides, my single (supposed) example of which is much darker in color than the description indicates and which moreover certainly presents some structural differences from the other three, but not in the direction of Microferonia. L. angustata, Cast. I havea specimen (taken by myself on the Blue Mountains—Castelnan’s locality) of an insect which I cannot doubt is this species, as it agrees perfectly with the description. It, however, is a Siagonyx (having the intercoxal - projection of the prosternum strongly margined behind, &c.), and is closely allied to S. amplipennis, Macl. (my identification of which has been confirmed: by Mr. Sloane), but it differs from Macleay’s species inter alia by its prothorax being very much narrower and its labrum so deeply bisinuate that the middle part stands out as a strong projectiun. TRECHUS. The Australian species that I attribute to Trechus differ con- siderably inter se in facies, none of them, moreover, bearing much resemblance to any European species known to me. Their characters of a kind likely to be generic are very uniform how- ever excepting perhaps those of Z! baldiensis in which the re- curved elytral striole is very near the margin—practically want- ing—and 7. Tasmanie whose comparatively stout antenne and 117 short stout palpi (which nevertheless are of the Zrechus type) suggest a doubt whether it might not suitably receive a new generic name. Until there is reason to believe that most of the Australian Trechides are known it seems to me best to attribute to Trechus all the species presenting the following characters (and not differing from Trechus by any other obviously generic peculiarity), viz :—Anterior tarsi of male with the basal two joints (only) dilated ; antenne with only the basal joint less pubescent than the other joints ; apical joint of palpi of normal length and of elongate-conic form (pointed at apex) ; frontal sulci of head arched, and continued hindward towards (or behind) the hind margin of the eyes. The number of Australian species that have been attributed to Trechus is, I believe, eleven. Four of these were described by Sir W. Macleay and could not be identified from the descrip- tions. I have, however, seen the types, all of which are from Queensland. I have already (Proc. LS, N.S.W., 1892, p. 97) reported that three of them belong to other genera than Trechus while the other (concolor) I could not feel confident about, the specimen being a female and material for comparison with other species not being at hand; it did not, however, seem to me to be a Trechus. Of the remaining seven I have before me types or co-types of all except one—Z. nitens, Putz. That species is probably near my 7. Tasmania, but it is evidently not identical as it is described as having all its elytral strie distinct except the seventh and the base of the prothorax very little more than half as wide as the the front. The following table will indicate characters by which the already named species of Trechus may be distinguished—those attributed to 7. nitens being founded on the description only. A. Prothorax not narrower at base than on front margin. B. Elytra fully striate. C. Interstices of elytral striz oe strongly convex near apex Victorie, Blackb. CC. Interstices of elytral strive not ot but little convex. D. Prothorax strongly transverse... ... diemenensis, Bates. DD. Prothorax very slightly transverse ... subornatellus, Blackb. BB. Elytra with seventh and eighth striz not, or scarcely, traceable. C. The elytral striz strongly punctulate ... ba/diensis, Blackb. CC. The elytral striz non-punctulate ... solidior, Blackb. AA. Prothorax distinctly narrower at base than on front margin. B. Elytra fully striate Simsoni, Blackb. BB. Elytra with only the seventh stria ‘wanting nitens, Putz. BBB. Elytra with only the three or four inner striz distinct ; Tasmanice, Blackb. T. subornatellus, sp. nov. iiniaa veicmaateee subovatus ; sat convexus ; sat nitidus ; piceo-niger, palpis antennarum basi 118 pedibus et elytrorum fascia postmediana maculari maculisque nonnullis subapicalibus testaceis ; capite parvo, sulcis fron- talibus profundis fortiter arcuatis; oculis minus convexis ; prothorace quam longiori ut 5 ad 34 latiori, antice quam postice angustiori, longitudinaliter sat profunde canaliculato, quam elytra multo angustiori, lateribus parum arcuatis postice haud sinuatis, angulis posticis acute subrectis, foveis basalibus sat profundis, basi media retrorsum leviter con- vexa; elytris striatis (omnibus bene impressis), interstitiis nonnihil convexis (3° puncturis 3 setiferis instructo. Long., 131; lat., 4 1. (vix). Readily distinguishable by the conspicuous tertaceous spots on its elytra most of which are placed so as to form an irregular common fascia somewhat behind the middle of the length of the elytra ; also by its small head and narrow prothorax, the latter having its sides less arcuate than is usual in the Australian Trechi. Victoria (Fernshaw). Tf. solidior, sp. nov. Minus elongatus; subovatus ; sat convexus ; robustior; sat nitidus; piceo-niger, ore palpis antennis pedibus elytrorumque marginibus (his anguste) rufo-testaceis ; capite modico, sulcis frontalibus profundis fortiter arcuatis ; oculis minus convexis ; prothorace quam longiori fere sesqui- latiori, antice quam postice sat angustiori, longitudinaliter sat profunde canaliculato, quam elytra sat angustiori, lateribus modice arcuatis postice parum sinuatis, angulis posticis leviter obtusis bene determinatis, foveis basalibus magnis leviter impressis coriaceis, basi media retrorsum leviter convexa; elytris striatis, striis subsuturalibus pro- funde (externis gradatim minus profunde, 7° 8° que vix manifeste) impressis, interstitiis subplanatis (3° puncturis 3 setiferis instructo). Long., 2 1.; lat., 4 1. Near 7. diemenensis, Bates, from which ater alia it is readily distinguishable by the external two striz of its elytra being all ‘but effaced—scarcely traceable. Resembles Lecanomerus in facies. Victoria (Alpine district). T. Tasmania, sp. nov. Modice elongatus; subovatus ; sat con- vexus; nitidus; niger, palpis mandibulis antennis basin versus pedibusque rufescentibus ; capite modico, sulcis frontalibus profundis fortiter arcuatis; palpis brevibus ; oculis minus convexis; prothorace quam longiori ut 3 ad 2 latiori, postice quam antice paullo angustiori, longitudinaliter canaliculato, lateribus sat fortiter arcuatis postice nullo modo sinuatis, latitudine majori sat longe ante medium sita 119 angulis posticis valde obtusis (fere subrotundatis), foveis basalibus modicis, basi latissime leviter lobata; elytris striatis, striis subsuturalibus profunde (externis gradatim minus profunde, 5°—8° vix vel haud manifeste) impressis, interstitiis sat planis (3° psa magnis 3 setiferis in- structo). Long., 121. lat., 21. A Bembidium-like species, sis resembling Trechodes gibbipennis in facies, but with very different palpi, non-gibbous elytra, &c. The basal part of the prothorax is of peculiar shape, its lateral portion almost continuing the line of the Jateral outline of the segment for a short distance so that it seems to consist of a very wide and very short lobe. Tasmania (on a mountain in the Lake District)... TRECHODES (gen. nov. Trechidarum). Mentum dente acuto instructum ; ligula setifera (?); palporum articulus ultimus subfiliformis quam precedens parum brevior (fere ut Perilepti); labrum transversum ciliatum ; caput supra utrinque fortiter arcuatim sulcatum ; antennz elongate, articulo basali glabro; tarsi elongati, maris anti- corum articulis basalibus 2 dilatatis; corpus convexum, glabrum ; elytra (striis subsuturali et ’ marginali exceptis) haud striata. T. (Bembidium) secalioides, Blackb. It is necessary to found a new genus for the reception of Bembidium secalioides, Blackb., which I attributed doubtfully to Bembidium (Proc, L.S., N.S8S.W., 1890, p. 786), remarking that it might eventually have to be so treated. In spite of its Bembidium-like facies I find that it isin reality allied to Trechus, The palpi having their apical joint elongate (as in Perileptus) and the frontal sulci of the head being strongly arched as in Trechus. Unfortunately I have not a specimen for dissection, so that a satisfactory examination of the ligula is not practicable but I can see that it is setiferous and I think it is considerably shorter than its paraglosse. The form of its palpi associate this genus with Perileptus from which however its elongate tarsi, strongly convex form, and very different facies, readily separate it. Bembidium bipartitum, Macl., is likely to be a member of this genus. T. gibbipennis, sp. nov. Sat convexus; glaber; nitidus; niger ; antennis pedibusque nonnihil picescentibus; capite supra utrinque fortiter arcuatim sulcato, sulcis pone oculos con- tinuis; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori, subglobulo, longitudinaliter leviter canaliculato, tenuissime marginato, supra levi (puncturis nonnullis in sulco transverso subbasali positis exceptis), utrinque fovea in lobo basali pone angulos 120 posticos impresso, his minutis subdentiformibus, lobo basali latissimo valde elongato ; elytris striis singulis subsuturali- bus et marginalibus profunde impressis (illis antice abbre- viatis), alibi nullo modo striatis, sulco profundo transverso discoidali paullo pone basin instructis, ante hunc sulcum gibbosis, punctura magna discoidali mox pone medium aliaque minore anteapicali impressis ; tarsis minus elongatis. Long., 14 1.; lat, 2 1. This extraordinary little insect is certainly I think allied to T. secalioides, Blackb., though it is quite possible that the dis- covery of additional species may result in its being convenient to separate it generically under a new name. The two seem rightly associated as a distinct group of Trechides having the palpi of Perileptus (like those of Bembidiwm except that the apical joint is greatly elongated), but with the convex form of a. Bembidium and the elytra brilliantly nitid and (except the very deep subsutural and marginal striz) without a trace of striation. In the present species the large anterior discal elytral puncture of secalioides is replaced by a deep transverse sulcus in front of which the elytra are gibbous. The possibly generic distinctive characters of this species as compared witb secalioides consist in its evidently shorter tarsi (especially the hind pair) and antennae, the excessively fine marginal edging of its prothorax and the curious basal lobe of the latter, the lateral outline of which so- nearly continues the outline of the true lateral margin of the segment that to a casual inspection the hind angles appear as small denticulations of the margin placed at a distance from the base equal to about a quarter of the length of the whole segment. The superficial characters of this insect are so remarkable that there can be no difficulty in recognising it whatever may be thought of its generic position. Tasmania a a mountain in the Lake District). TACHYS. Mr. Sloane (Proc. L.S., N.S.W., 1896, III.) has furnished a very valuable memcir “ on rie Australian Bembidiides referable to Tachys,” &c. Tachys is a genus particularly difficult to define as no one character can be specified distinguishing it from Bembidium. lUacordaire makes it a section of Bembidiwm. Dr. Schaum treats it as a good genus and limits it to species having both a recurved elytral striole and anterior tibiz obliquely truncate at the apex. There exist numerous species in which it is difficult to say whether there is a true elytral striole,—that character being either very faint or the striole being confused with one of the systematic striae. The absence of the striole is in some species accompanied by the presence of the tibial charac- 121 ter in the most exaggerated form; on the other hand there are species in which the tibial character is very faintly defined,— some in which it is difficult to determine whether their tibie place them in Bembidium or Tachys. Mr. Sloane has defined Tachys on the tibial character alone and has admitted into the genus species in which the elytral striole is decidedly wanting. It is to be noted that he has adopted this definition with great dittidence, and has distinctly stated that it does not satisfy his ideas of desirable generic grouping in the Subulipalpi, being adopted provisionally. I think that he is quite right in exer- cising great care to avoid the formation of genera which the future discovery of additional species is likely to invalidate, and that where a describer deems a new species before him likely to be subsequently proved (by the finding of intermediate forms) to be merely an aberrant race of some known genus it is better to refer it to that genus—at the same time specifying clearly the characters which render its position doubtful. I am not there- fore prepared to challenge Mr. Sloane’s action in this matter or his opinion that a more satisfactory grouping of Australian Bembidiides is attained by separating the species having the tibie characteristic of Tachys from those having them of the typical Bembidium form irrespective of their elytral sculpture, than by making the elytral sculpture of importance as a generic character. In fact Mr. Sloane has concentrated attention on the Carabide so much more than I have done, and I so generally agree with his conclusions, that I am much disposed to yield to his authority. It seems, however, desirable that I should make these remarks because my own contributions to the descriptions of Australian Bembidiides have followed a different line and I have given as much prominence to elytral as to tibial sculpture in generic apportionment, not however relying absolutely upon either and in the case of species where those characters were not both of them of either the Tachys or the Bembidium type adding the consideration of facies so that one of my species (as noted below) has not been placed by me as Mr. Sloane would now place it. T. (Bembidium) victoriensis, Blackb. This species was placed by me in Bembidium with the remark that although having the tibie of a Zachys it has elytral sculpture inconsistent with a place in that genus. Its facies being decidedly more accordant with Lembidiwm than with a typical Zachys I apportioned it to the former genus. On Mr. Sloane’s conception of TYachys, how- ever, it must stand in that genus rather than in Bembidium. In Mr. Sloane’s tabulation of Australian species of Tachys its place is with 7. brunnipennis, Macl., and ectromioides, Sloane, from both of which it differs by its elytra being fully and very deeply striate and having their interstices strongly convex. 122 T. similis, Blackb. When I described this insect I omitted to remark on (and, indeed, to notice) its close resemblance to the European 7. scutellaris, Germ.; I scarcely know how to separate it from that species by any other character than the much | shorter and feebler frontal sulci of the head,—a distinction, how- ever, sufficiently strongly marked to form a perfectly satisfactory specific difference. T. Adelaide, Blackb. A comparison of tkis species with examples of TZ. transveraicollis, Mac]. (compared with the type by Mr. Sloane) has satisfied me that the two names are founded on one insect. Sir W. Macleay’s description is quite insufficient to have indicated this identity. Sir W. Macleay’s name has priority. CILLENUM. C. (Bembidium) Mastersi, Sloane. This insect (described by Mr. Sloane as a Bembidium) is extremely close to the European C. laterale, Sam. Its coloring scarcely differs, but it is of decidedly more elongate form and has evidently longer and less stout antenne. The genus Cillenum has not been freviously recorded as Australian. BEMBIDIUM. The Australian species of Bembidium have been reduced to small numbers by Mr. Sloane, with whose conclusions I cordially agree subject to the slight doubt expressed above as to his treat- ment of the distinction between Tachys and Bembidium. I have (above) removed from Bembidium two more species that he had left in it, which leaves in it ten species (three of them from Queensland, named by Macleay,—two of these practically unde- scribed,—unknown to Mr. Sloane or to myself). One of them (B. bipartitum, Macl.) I have conjectured (above) to be a Trechodes, but at any rate it is not a Bembidiwm as the apical joint of its palpi is described as elongate. B. amplipenne, Macl., and seastriatum, Macl., if true Bembidia are certainly I think distinct from all of the genus that have been described by other authors. There thus remain only seven Australian species (in- cluding the two described below) that can be confidently referred to Bembidium. I have the types or thoroughly authentic speci- mens of all of them before me. Their distinctive characters may be tabulated as follows :— A. Pronotum widely margined, the hind angles strongly explanate ... i e ... Jacksoniense, Guér. AA. Pronotum not as above. B. Elytra fully striate or seriate-punctulate. C. Head scarcely convex longitudinally in the middle betweea the eyes . Riverine, Sloane. CC. Head strongly convex longitudinally i in the middle between the eyes. 123 D. Elytra with a conspicuous (but not sharply limited) depression a little behind base. dubiwm, Blackb. DD. Elytra without the sub-basal depression. E. The seventh elytral stria strongly defined propriwm, Blackb. EE. The seventh elytral stria subobsolete ... Hobarti, Blackb. BB. The six inner striz (only) of the elytra present errans, Blackb. BBB. The five inner striz ene of the elytra present : ... wattsense, Blackb. B. Hobarii, sp. nov. Beta ih: minus convexum ; sat niti- dum; nigricans, antennarum “basi. mandibulis pedibusque rufescentibus ; capite utrinque profunde sat recte sulcatum ; prothorace quam longiori circiter sesquilatiori, antice quam postice multo latiori, longitudinaliter canaliculato, utrinque ad basin minus profunde impresso, lateribus antice fortiter rotundatis postice breviter rectis anguste marginatis, angulis posticis minutis sat rectis, latitudine majori ante medium sita, parte basali transversim depressa, basi fere recta ; elytris fortiter punctulato-striatis (stria 6* quam precedentes minus fortiter impressa, 7* fere nulla, 8* margini fere contigua), interstitiis manifeste convexis, striola recurva haud plane carenti ; tibiis anticis ad apicem latis, supra vix manifeste oblique truncatis. Long., 14 1.; lat., $1. This is a species that illustrates the difficulty of distinguishing Tachys and Bembidium. It has an irregular sulcus near the apex of the elytra which issomewhat of the nature of a recurved striole and the extreme apical part of the upper outline of its. front tibiz seems from a certain point of view obliquely truncate, although it would be equally correct to say that the apical outline of the “tibie (t.e., the line joining the upper and lower outline of the tibiz) is a curve. I do not think that Mr. Sloane would place the insect in Yachys as having the upper outline of the tibiz genuinely obliquely truncate at the apex. It is not very near any other Bembidium known to me. The seventh stria of its elytra is extremely slight but is distinctly traceable under a lens as a row of fine punctures, so that this species must be ranked among those having fully striate elytra. The two discal punctures of the third elytral interstice are small and incon- spicuous, the sub-apical puncture more distinct. Tasmania (near Hobart). B. wattsense, sp. nov. Ovale; subelongatum ; sat convexum ; nitidum ; nigrum, antennarum basi mandibulis tibiis tarsis- que rufescentibus ; capite utrinque profunde sat recte sul- catum ; prothorace quam longiori haud plane sesquilatiori, antice quam postice multo latiori, longitudinaliter canalicu- lato, utrinque ad basin sat profunde impresso, lateribus antice fortiter rotundatis postice rectis anguste marginatis, angulis posticis rectis, latitudine majori ante medium sita, 124 parte basali transversim depressa, basi fere recta; elytris punctulato-striatis, striis 6* 7* que omnino carentibus, inter- stitlis sat planis (3* puncturis setiferis 3 modicis impresso), striola recurva haud plane carenti; tibiis anticis ad apicem ~ latis, supra vix manifeste oblique truncatis. Long., 14 1; lat., + 1. (vix). Rather close to the preceding (4. Hobartc) but narrower and more convex, the prothorax more decidedly cordiform with the basal impressions much better defined, the elytra less deeply striate with the stiz much more distinctly punctulate, the sixth and seventh strize quite wanting (not even represented by punctures). In the typical specimen the third and fourth elytral strie are abbreviated in front at the front setiferous puncture of the third interstice where they meet (it being placed at the edge of the third interstice and the fourth striz bending over to it). This may be an accident of the individual as I find a somewhat similar arrangement of striz on one (but not on the other) elytron of 5. Hobarti. Victoria (Dividing Range; on bank of the Watts River). DYTISCIDAE. ANTIPORUS. A. (Hydroporus) collaris, Hope. I have before me a male (from Port Darwin) and two females (from King’s Sound) which there is little doubt appertain to this species. The Rev. H. Clark (Journ. Ent. L., p. 412) quotes Westwood for the presence of four abbreviated stria-like lines very faintly impressed on each elytron. On the elytron of the females before me there are faint traces of four lines (only visible from a certain point of view, and so faint as to be hardly worthy of mention) but I cannot find them in the male. As in all other respects (especially in the remarkable pronotum) these insects agree perfectly with the description of A. collaris I feel no doubt as to the identification, although the four lines are less distinct than one would expect from even the phrase “very faintly impressed.” This view of the matter is confirmed by one of my specimens being from Port Darwin, which is near Port Essington (Hope’s locality). Mr. Masters in his Catalogue has placed H. collaris, Hope, in the genus Antiporus,; I cannot find any published note suggesting that place for it, but nevertheless Antiporus seems to me of exist- ing genera that in which H. collaris should stand, as its hind tibize are punctured as in that genus and its epipleure are dis- tinctly broad in the posterior part (quite as broad as in A. Blake, Clk.). Nevertheless I am of opinion that if Dr. Sharp had had my specimens under inspection when he wrote his great work on 125 the Dytiscide (in which he states that he can give no informa- tion about H. collaris) he would have formed a distinct genus for them. Iam not ina position to do so myself as I have not made a sufficiently special study of the Dytiscide to enable me to furnish a satisfactory diagnosis without treating a male example in a manner that my unique male would not bear, and therefore I shall leave the species in Antzporus remarking however that it differs from all those which Dr. Sharp placed in that genus in respect of the sculpture of its pronotum (the lateral margins being very widely thickened and raised, with a sulcus or deep stria separating the marginal from the discal portion) and in respect of its sexual characters. The front tibie of the male have an external median tooth similar to, but a little smaller than, the tooth on the middle tibiz of A. Alakei ; the front tarsi are some- what feebly dilated and a little longer than those of the female; my specimen has lost one each of the front and middle tarsi, on the remaining ones I can find but one claw, though I am suspi- cious of atlaw having been broken off the middle tarsus. The front tarsus seems to have its claw springing directly from the apex of the third joint as though the basal part of the claw joint were wanting, but it is quite possible that that appear- ance would be found to be deceptive if a fresh specimen whose tarsi would bear manipulation could be examined. The posterior tibiz and all the femora are unarmed. In one oz the specimens mentioned above the base of the pronotum is rufous at the sides, which suggests the idea of identity with H. gravidus, Clk. (also described from Port Essington) and I feel no doubt that H. undecim-maculatus, Clk., is closely allied, if not a variety of the same species. NECTEROSOMA. N. costipenne, Lea. This insect is no doubt identical with H. penicillatus, Clk., one of the commonest and most widely dis- tributed 2s well as most variable of the Australian water beetles. Dr. Sharp, in his work on the Dytiscide of the world, includes under the name forms with and without elytral carinz, in which I have no doubt he is right as I find that the forms with strongly carinate, and those with non-carinate, elytra are connected by forms in which the elytral carine are more or less feeble. Even if the carinate forms represent a species distinct from the non- carinate ones, however, it was the carinate form that Clark described under the name Hydroporus penicillatus and therefore the non-carinate form, if either, is the one that would need a new name, PLATYNECTES. P. subenescens, Lea. Mr. Lea has been good enough to send me a specimen of this insect. He distinguishes it from enescens, 126 Shp., only by its less metallic tone of coloring and the absence of a testaceous spot on its elytra. The size he assigns to it is slightly larger than that Dr. Sharp mentions as the size of enescens. Presumably Mr. Lea has, since the time when he described P. subenescens, taken additional specimens, as the example sent to me (from Beverley, W.A.) has a testaceous spot oa each elytron similar to that of e@nescens. Hence the differences mentioned are reduced to somewhat larger size and less distinctly eneous coloring. Nevertheless, if my specimen of cnescens is rightly named (as I think it is), I take Mr. Lea’s species to be a valid one as it is (my specimens of both are females) of consider- ably different form, having more rounded sides and being dis- tinctly less blunt at the hind apex. P. subenescens belougs to Dr. Sharp’s first group of Platynectes, and is very distinct from all its described Australian congeners except enescens. GYRINIDAi. MACROGYRUS. M. fortissimus, sp. nov. Fem. Late ovalis; minus convexus ; nitidus ; supra nigroszeneus vix cuprascens ; subtus piceus, palpis pedibus abdomineque obscure rufescentibus; supra subtilissime coriaceus; elytris striolis minimis transversis subtilissime impressis, obsoletissime regulariter striatis, inter- stitiis vix manifeste (alternis quam cetera nonnihil magis distincte) convexis, ad apicem leviter dehiscentibus late sub- truncatis, angulis externo bene definito sed nullo modo acuto (mediano nullo) suturali subrotundato; tibiis anticis apicem versus modice latis, angulo externo apicali obtuso sed extror- sum manifeste prominentibus; pygidio sat dense fulvo- pubescenti. Long, 831.; lat., 42. A large species (not smaller than #. rivularis, Clk.), at once distinguishable from all its described Australian congeners except M. Howvtti, Clk., by the absence of longitudinal elytral e sulci. It differs from the description of iM. Howitti, inter alia, - by its large size, its extremely wide form, the absence of metallic blue and green coloring from its lateral margins and the presence ~ of quite distinct (though very faint) striz on its elytra, Com- pared with specimens (femaic, rom Tasmania which agree well with the description of JM. Howitti the present species differs (apart from the distinctions noted above) by the finer and closer transverse striolation of its elytra and by the striole appearing very closely and finely zigzagged,—an appearance that seems (under a very strong lens) to be caused by the presence of minute punctures interrupting their outline. The elytral quasi- strie are nine in number, and the external striz are scarcely more distinct than those near the suture. The apex® of the elytra ’ io ? * ‘t 127 should perhaps be designated “doubly truncate, with the two truncate faces meeting in an extremely obtuse and non-prominent angle.” N.S. Wales (Blue Mountains), M. opacior, sp. nov. Fem. Ovalis; minus latus ; depressus ; in elytris sat opacus ; nigro-piceus, palpis pedibusque diluti- oribus, elytris suturam versus manifeste rufescentibus ; supra subtilissime coriaceus ; elytris striolis et lineis subtili- bus elevatis brevibus transversis instructis, in parte laterali sulcis 4 profunde impressis (in parte altera vix manifeste striatis), ad apicem dehiscentibus et ut WZ. rivularis, Clk , sinuatis ; tibiis ine ad apicem extus fere recte angulatis. Long., 61: lat., 23 1. Readily distinguishable from all its described Australian allies by its opaque reddish-brown elytra. It agrees with M. rivularis, Clk., and Jf. latior, Clk., in the sinuate apical outline of its elytra ; differing from the former inter alia by its much smaller size and from both in its elytra having only four sulci in their lateral portion and scarcely any trace (even close to the base) of any strie between the sulci and the suture. On the anterior portion of its elytra very fine short elevated lines take the place of the impressed striolz usual in the genus. Victoria (Mt. Macedon); sent by Mr. Kershaw. M. paradoxus, Regimb. See note (below) on Dineutes Gouldi, Hope. M. (Gyrinus) obliquatus, Aubé. In Mr. Masters’ Catalogue this species is said to be widely distributed in Australia. Aubé quotes it as common to Australia and the “Iles de la Sonde.” Regimbart in his Monograph of the Gyrinide gives “Timor” as its habitat. I have examined a large number of Gyrinide from different parts of Australia, but have not seen any which agree with the description of odliqguatus and consider that further evidence is required to establish the occurrence in Australia of that insect. DINEUTES. D. Gouldi, Hope. I have before me examples from N. Aus- tralia (one of them from Port Darwin, near the original locality) which I believe, in spite of certain discrepancy with the descrip- tion, to be this species, the coloring, size, &c., being sufficiently notable to make it improbable that two species from the same locality would agree in respect of them. The obstacle to consider- ing this identification certain is that the description calls the elytra “‘trispinosa” and adds the information that the median spine is larger than the two lateral ones,—whereas in the insect before me each elytron. has only ¢vo spines. In one example I 128 observe that the elytra including their sutural spines are closely in contact with each other at the apex and might be regarded at a casual glance as having three spines on the conjoined elytra (the two sutural spines appearing as one), Although I must admit that Hope’s Latin diagnosis (the lateral spines being called ‘“‘ bina”) strictly implies six spines on the two elytra, I cannot help thinking that Hope used the word “bini” instead of ‘‘duo” carelessly and that his “ trispinosa” refers to the fact tha’ the two conjoined elytra present the appearance of being (together) trispinose. Otherwise it is certainly remarkable if in the one locality there are two species agreeing in general characters that render them particularly distinct among their allies of the same family yet differing in the armature of their elytral apices. I have both sexes of this insect before me. It is further to be noted that this insect is not a true Dineutes but a Macrogyrus and is certainly, I think, MZ. paradowxus, Regimb.,, of which M. Regimbart remarks that in general appearance ‘‘it resembles a Dineutes much more than a Macrogyrus.” Unless Hope’s type is in existence I do not. see much prospect of the identity of D. Gouldi being conclusively determined. If some Coleopterist in England could ascertain whether the type is in the Oxford University Museum and if so send me a description or figure of tho outline of the apical portion of its elytra and also report as to whether the specimen has a distinct scutellum I should greatly value the information. D. australis, Fab., and rufipes, Fab. I suspect that as far as Australian specimens are concerned these names refer to but one species, which is widely distributed in Central and Northern Australia. I notice that D. australis is attributod to the East Indies as well as to Australia and it may well be that the two species are distinct but that australis nevertheless has been in- correctly quoted as Australian. Unfortunately I am not able to refer to all the literature bearing upon the question, but the descriptions before me (including those of Fabricius) seem to me as if they might have been founded on only one species. I should be very glad if anyone could throw any fresh light upon this subject. PALPICORN ES. HYDROPHILUS. H. scissipalpis, sp. nov. Modice latus, postice sat obtusus ; nitidus ; piceo-niger, antennis palpisque testaceis, pedibus anticis totis femoribus 4 posterioribus et abdominis maculis lateralibus rufis, tarsis fulvo-ciliatis ; prothorace brevi, cum capite ut LZ. albipedis, Cast.,et H. latipalpi, Cast., punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis posticis rotundatis, basi utrinque latera versus rotundatim retrorsum dilatata ; 129 seutello lzvi; elytris triseriatim punctulatis, prope apicem haud seriebus additis impressis ; lamina prosternali postice concava ; carina sternali postice sat acuta, vix pone coxas posticas producta ; sterno breviter pubescenti. Maris palporum maxillarium articulo penultimo apicem versus intus leviter compresso-dilatato, paullo ante apicem subito angulatim angustato; tarsorum anticorum articulo apicali subtus laminato-dilatato; unguibus anticis modice robustis, minus arcuatis, externo quam internus fere duplo longiori. Feminz palpis tarsisque simplicibus. Long., 13—15 1.; lat., 6—64 1. This species differs from the previously described Australian Hydrophili as follows; from gayndahensis, Macl., by its very much shorter sternal carina; from dbrevispina, Fairm., by the very different front claws of the male, different colors, &c.; from albipes, Cast., by the much less numerous rows of punctures on its elytra near the apex, the differently shaped penultimate joint of the male palpi, the very much greater inequality of the front claws of the male, the basal outline of the prothorax, the evi- dently more rounded basal angles of the prothorax, &c.; from latipalpus, Cast., by the much less numerous rows of punctures on its elytra near the apex, the extremely different male characters, the colors, &e. H. ruficornis, Klug, is unknown to me in nature and is insufficiently described by its author, but from Fairemaire’s remarks on it in the Journ. Mus. Godeff, p. 80, that species evidently has a very much longer sternal carina and apparently its prosternal lamina is not concave posteriorly. Central Australia. HI. gayndahensis, Macl. This species is practically undescribed, —the quasi-description merely stating that its sternal carina passes the extremities of its. hind femora, and that its palpi tarsi and fringing hairs are reddish. There is nothing in this to dis- tinguish it from H. ruficornis, Klug. HISTERIDE. CHLAMYDOPSIS. ©. comata, sp. nov. Nitida; nigro-picea, antennis pedibus elytrisque (his piceo-umbratis) castaneis; capite grosse granuloso-ruguloso ; prothorace transverso, supra ad latera late explanato et alte reflexo, haud punctulato, ante basin utrinque longitudinaliter profunde strigato ; elytris levibus, humeris ut processus cornua magna simulantes (his ad apicem penicillam pilorum aureorum valde elongatorum ferentibus) productis, lateribus pone humeros ut criste magne (his antice penicillam ut humeri ferentibus) elevatis ; propygidio pygidioque sat fortiter punctulatis; pedibus minus elongatis. Long., 1$1.; lat., 121. 130 This species is evidently congeneric with those that I have previously described under the generic name Chlamydopsis. It is distinguishable from all the species hitherto attributed to that genus by, inter alia, its extremely nitid and punctureless elytra, as well as by the extraordinary humeral horn and lateral crest that project from each elytron and the thick pencil of very long golden hairs (nearly long enough to reach back to the propygidium). that rise from the apex of the humeral process and the front of the summit of the lateral crest. A single specimen was found in a pool of water. South Australia (near Woodville). BU2RESTIDA. MELOBASIS. M. interstitialis, sp. nov. Minus nitida; supra viridi-znea, prothoracis angulis posticis scutelloque purpureis, elytrorum costis interrupte aureo-cupreis; subtus purpureo-cuprea ;. pedibus anticis viridi-eneis posterioribus obscure subpur- pureis, tarsorum articulo ultimo viridi; antennis obscuris ;. corpore subtus ad latera pedibusque albo-pilosis; capite (fere ut MM. cupreo-vittate, Saund.) plano, confertim granuloso- punctulato, albido-piloso ; prothorace quam longiori ut 5 ad 34 latiori, antice vix angustato, antice et postice fortiter sinuato, fere ut M. cupreo-vittate punctulato (sc. in disco sat crebre minus fortiter, ad latera grosse rugulose), lateri- bus subrectis (fere ut IM. Saundersi, Mast.); elytris fere ut M. Saundersi 5-costatis, interstitiis (fere ut JZ. Saundersz) subtiliter confertim subzqualiter punctulatis sed quam hujus speciei puncturis magis concinnis, parte antica haud transversim strigata, lateribus postice sat crebre denticulatis, denticulo suture proximo quam ceteri majori; sterno sat longe pone marginem anticum transversim fere recte gibboso, parte mediana antice minus crebre minus fortiter (postice magis crebre magis fortiter) punctulato ; segmentis ventrali- bus basalibus 2 crebre subtiliter Pee minus crebre) punctulatis. Maris quam feminz pronoti disco magis fortiter punctulato, segmento ventrali apicali postice bi- -emarginato trispinoso. Feminze segmento ventrali apicali profunde sat anguste emarginato. Long., 72 1.; lat., 241. The golden coppery parts of the elytral costz are the front one-fifth of the first (sutural) costa, a short piece of the second costa slightly in front of its middle, of the third costa a short piece near the base and another behind the middle, of the fourth the hind extremity, and of the fifth a somewhat long piece near the front. This species is notable among those having costate 131 elytra by the remarkable form of its prosternum, which is trans- versely gibbous on a space well separated from the front; so that from a certain point of view there appears to be a kind of wheal running across the prosternum, distinctly separated from the front margin of the prosternum, and having its front straight and equally well-defined across the whole of the non-pilose part of the segment. The elytral cost are more sharply defined than in any other Melobasis known to me (e.g., the second being as strong as in Saundersi, Mast. (costata, Saund.) and the fifth {which is obsolete in Saundersi, scarcely marked in cupreo-vittata, Saund.) being quite well defined. The middle part of the basal ventrai segment is very much more closely punctulate than in either of the species just named. The sides of the prothorax are as straight as in Saundersi but the segment is not (as it is in that species) narrowed towards the front. Australia. Sent to me by Mr. French. EUCNEMID%. ' DYSCHARACHTHIS. D. brevipennis, Blackb. In describing this species (Tr. Roy. Soc., Vict., 1899, pp. 217, &.) I omitted to say that it is found n South Australia (Basin of Lake Eyre). CHRYSOMELID 2. PAROPSIS. In Proc. L.8., N.S.W., 1899, p. 520) I expressed the opinion that P. splendens, W. 8. Macleay, is not a Paropsis but should be referred to either Cyclomela or Augomela. I have since been informed by Mr. Masters that he has succeeded in finding. the type specimen and that it isan Augomela. : 132 A LIST OF BIRDS COLLECTED BY THE WRITER IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA DURING THE LAST FORTNIGHT OF AUGUST, 1901, WITH NOTES. THEREON. By Epwin Asupy. [Read October 1, 1901.] (The numbers in brackets supply the references to the species in “Gould's Handbook.”) Ninox soosook, Lath. (Boobook Owl), [36]. Locality.— Bayswater, near Perth. One male. The coloration is much darker than any specimen of this species I have seen in 8.A. collections. The usual spotting is almost entirely absent, and the tail is not barred. CHERAM@CA LEUCOSTERNA, G/d. (White-breasted Swallow), [57], - Locality.—Kanowna, W.A. Nine birds came out of one hole made in the side of the dig-. gers’ pits. Probably they had thus congregated together for warmth. ARTAMUS sorDIDUS, Lath. (Dusky Wood Swallow), [73]. Locality.—Speakmans. PARDALOTUS ORNATUS, Temm. (Striated Diamond Bird), [84]. Locality.—Speakmans Very numerous, STREPERA PLUMBEA, G'ld. (Leaden Crow Shrike). Locality.—Speakmans. CRACTICUS NIGROQULARIS, Gld , (Black-throated Crow Shrike),. [95]. Locality.x—Speakmans. Numerous. Cracticus Destructor, Z’emm. (Collard Crow Shrike}, [99]. GRAUCALUS MELANOPS, Lath. [Black-faced Graucalus), [103]. PrEROPODOCYS PHASIANELLA, Gld. (Ground Greucalus), {108}. A flock of these birds were about the locality of Speakmans for one day-—none noted afterwards. The notes of these birds are most striking, loud cries being uttered while the birds are flying. I did not observe them settle on the ground, once only in the Eucalyptus trees. _ PACHYCEPHALA RUFIVENTRIS, Lath. [116]. One female from Guilford, near Perth. This specimen difters in several minor details from any South Australian skins of P. rufiventris, Lath., I have been able to compare it with. 133 COLLURICINCLA RUFIVENTRIS, G/d. (Buff-bellied Shrike Thrush), [124]. Locality.—Speakmans. The notes are similar to those of C. harmonica, but feeble, lacking richness and power. OREOICA CRISTATA, Lewin (Bell Bird), [131]. One of the commonest birds round Speakmans. Rurpipura Preissi, Cabani (The Western Fantail), | 134]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. Micra@ca AssimiLis, Gld. (Allied Flycatcher), [150]. Locality —Speakmans. PSEUDOGERYGONE CULICIVORA, Gld.(Western Flycatcher), | 157]. Locality.—Bayswater, near Perth. SMICRORNIS BREVIROSTRIS, Gd. (Short billed Smicrornis), | 161]. One of the commonest birds at Speakmans. Usually about eight or more in a fiock. Perroica Leaei, Sharpe (Scarlet-breasted Robin), [165]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. The white spot above the beak is quite as large in these speci- mens as in South Australian specimens. I have shot one specimen at Albany with a small white spot above the beak, the form described by Sharpe as P. Campbell. Perroica GoopENovil, V. and H. (Red-capped Robin), | 166]. Locality.—Speakmans. Females were fairly numerous, but no males were seen. ACANTHIZA TENUIROSTRIS, Zietz. (Small-billed Tit), [230a]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. The only previously-recorded specimens of this species are the two type specimens from Leigh’s Creek, South Australia. This is, therefore, the first time it has been recorded from West Australia. ACANTHIZA UROPYGIALIS, Gld. (Chestnut-rumped Tit), | 222]. Locality. Speakmans. This is, I believe, the first record for South-Western Australia. ACANTHIZA PYRRHOPYGIA, Gld. (Red-rumped Tit), {224}. Locality.—Fourteen miles east of Speakmans. GEOBASILEUS CHRYSORRHOUS, Quoy and Gaim (Yellow-rumped Tit), [229]. Locality.— Bayswater, near Perth. PYRRHOLEMUS BRUNNEUS, Gid. (Red Throat), {235}. Very numerous at Speakmans. CINCLOSOMA CASTANEONOTUM, Gild. (Chestnut-backed Ground Thrush), [272]. Locality.— Speak mans. 134 PoMATORHINUS SUPERCILIOSUS, V. and H. (White Eye browed Pomatorhinus), [294]. Very common at Speakmans. — GLYCIPHILA ALBIFRONS, Gld. (White-fronted Honey-eater), | 302]. Locality.—Speakmans. GLYCIPHILA OCULARIS, Gld. (Brown Honey-eater), [304]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. One male. This skin is considerably more grey in plumage than is a skin [ have from York, W.A., collected by myself in 1889. The York skin is decidedly more ‘rufus in coloration, the under side of the head markedly so. The York skin is not sexed. The district is dry, while Perth is a wet district. Pritoris sonora, G'/d. (Singing Honey-eater), [307]. Locality. Fourteen miles east of Speakmans. I did not observe this species west of this point, although common east of that place. Prizotis LEUCoTIS, Lath. (White-eared Honey-eater), [311]. Locality.— Speakmans. The specimens collected in this locality are much smaller than those collected by me in the State of Victoria, also the black marking does not extend so far down the breast, but otherwise they are identical. PriLoTis ORNATA, Gld. (Graceful Honey-eater), [314]. Locality.— Speakmans. PrILOTIS PLUMULA, Gild. ree rea Honey-eater), [315]. Locality.—Speakmans. ACANTHOGENYS RUFIGULARIS, Gd. (Spiny- -cheeked Honey-eater), [329]. Locality.—Speakmans. Common, but very shy. ANTHOCHERA CARUNCULATA, Lath. (Wattled Honey-eater), [331]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. ANELLOBIA LUNULATA, Gi/d. (Lunated Wattle Bird), [333]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. ACANTHORHYNCHUS SUPERCILIOSUS, Gld. (White Eye-browed Honey-eater), [340]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. MELITHREPTUS CHLOROPSIS, Gld. (Swan River Honey-eater), [350]. Locality.—Guilford, near Perth. MyzANTHA opscuRA, G'ld. (Sombre Minah), [354]. Locality.—Bayswater, near Perth. MYZANTHA FLAVIGULA, Gld. (Yellow-throated Minah), [356]. Locality.—Speakmans. Numerous in the locality. 135 ZostERoPs Goupi, Bparte. (Greenbacked Silver Eye), [361]. _ Locality.— Guilford, near Perth. Oe esi ERYTHROPS, G'/d. (Red Eye-browed Tree Creeper), 368}. eee. } , SITTELLA PILEATA, Gid. (Black-capped Sittella), [376]. Locality.—Bayswater, near Perth. PsEPHOTUs MULTICOLOR, Z’emm. (Varied Parrot), [430]. Locality.—Speakmans. PLATYCERCUS SEMITORQUATUS, Y, and G. (Twenty-eight Parrot), were very numerous about Speakmans, and a pair of Climacteris rufa were seen at the same place. Several other species of birds were seen, but without handling their identification must be doubtful. I saw a skin of Cacatwa Leadbeateri, Vig. (Pink Cockatoo), which was shot at Goongarrie. I also heard of the same species visiting the Soak, 14 miles due east of Speakmans. Speakmans, sometimes known as Callion, is situated about 85 miles north of Coolgardie, and about 360 miles from the coast. ‘Only five days were spent there, viz., 16th to 20th August, 1901. Most of the collecting was done at sunrise, as the days were otherwise fully occupied. As far as observation went, the birds had not commenced nesting, but some species appeared to have paired. This may be accounted for from the fact that the winter rains had been very light. Only one day was spent in the neighborhood of Perth, viz., 26th August. 136 FossIL POLYPLACOPHORA FROM EOCENE BEDS. oF MUDDY CREEK, MORNINGTON (SCHNAPPER POINT) AND MOORABOOL, VICTORIA, WITH DEFINITIONS OF NINE NEW SPECIES, AND NOTES ON OTHERS. By Epwin Asusy and W. G. Torr, LL.D., ke. [Read October 1, 1901.] Pirate IV. The very valuable collection of Fossil Polyplacophora dealt with in this paper has been placed in our hands for description by the late Professor Ralph Tate, to whom belongs the honor of having brought together such an interesting series, the major part having been collected by himself and Mr. J. Dennant, of Victoria, One very interesting feature of this collection is the close affinity so many bear to living forms. The collection numbers. in all 32 valves, comprising 17 or 18 species, and representing seven different genera. The whole collection is deposited in the University Museum, Adelaide. 1. Lorica compressa, x. sp. PI. iv., fig. 6. One example of median valve. General Appearance.—Strongly carinated, side slope straight, color yellowish to dark-brown. “The valves are produced forward. in an anterior beak. Lateral Area.—Much raised, ornamented with five, increasing ~ to eight, at the insertion plates, granulose ridges. The granules. — near the girdle are arranged in transverse rows. Pleural Area.—This area is longitudinally ribbed with 16 strong ridges, the interspaces are deep, the anterior portion is about the same width as the ridges, the posterior portion about double the width. There is a suggestion that the ridges were crossed by shallow transverse ridging. Dorsal Area.—This area is not separated from the pleural, the longitudinal ridging being continued right over the jugum.: Measurement.—Greatest width between the slopes, 24 mm.; greatest width of slopes, 11 mm.; greatest length of slope, 18 mm The longitudinal measurement of the dorsal area is 12 mm.}. divergence, 85°, The insertion plates and sutural lamin are missing. 137 Remarks.—This species differs from Lorica volvow and L. affinis in the strong radial ribbing of the lateral areas and the great number of the longitudinal ribs in the pleural area, but it corre- sponds with ZL. affinis in the compression of the side slopes. The decussation of the interspaces present in Z. affinis is absent in this species. 2. Lorica affinis, ». sp. PI. iv., fig. 7. One example of median valve. General Appearance.—Carinated, side slope slightly curved, though almost straight, color pale yellowish-brown Lateral Area.—Distinctly raised, ornamented with six radial rows of somewhat distant pustules which rise out of very shallow ridges. Plewral Area —Longitudinally ribbed with twelve narrow, but strong ridges; the interspaces are fully three times the width of the ribs, and nearly flat; these ridges have a slight tendency to granulation, but the transverse strize which produce the same appearance in its congener, Lorica volvox, are not dis- cernible in this species. The megalopores are very pronounced, giving under a powerful lense a strongly decussated appearance. Measurement.—The greatest width between the slopes is 20 mm.; width of slopes, 10 mm; length of slopes, 15 mm.; divergence, 90°. Insertion plates have broken away ; there is no indication of teeth. Remarks.—This species so closely resembles Lorica volvox, Rve, that it almost justifies its being referred to that living species ; the most marked difference is in the compression of the valves. In volvox there is a slight widening or separating of the two slopes at their extremities, whereas in the species now described there is a slight drawing together. The other differences are the absence of transverse strie (but this may be accounted for through the wearing of the shell) and the more decussated effect produced by the megalopores. Its close affinity to Lorica volvox, Reeve, is undoubted. 3. Loricella gigantea, 7. sp. Pl. iv., fig. 3. One specimen of anterior valve only. General Appearance —Color dirty-white or wainscot-brown, shape exceptionally broad (nearly twice as broad as long) and very flat, anterior third of valve curved downwards, other two thirds practically straight except at the apex, which is very slightly elevated. Sculpture.—Radially ribbed with very numerous, pronounced, bifurcating riblets, which are crossed by about 26 concentric wrinkles ; while these are clearly defined, some are more so than 138 others. These wrinkles break up the riblets into more or less pronounced granules. The eves only slightly overhang. Slits 18, at irregular distances. Margins of teeth are irregular, more crenulate than pectinate. The strong pectination of its congener, Loricella Angasi, Ad. and Ang., is quite absent, but the teeth are deeply grooved to their bases, very little indication of this being present in the living form. In L. Angasi a deep groove runs from each slit to the apex. In the fossil under review there is no groove, but its place is occupied by a slightly raised rib. Inside of Shell (Articulamentum).—The valve, except where stained, is paler than the tegmentum, a rib running from each of the slits to the apex, except that from the posterior slit, which is almost parallel with the posterior margin of valve. Measurement.—Length, 16 mm.; breadth, 33 mm.; elevation, 74 mm. Locality.—Mornington. Remarks.—As compared with Loricella Angasi, the valve is much flatter, is convex instead of concave. The coarse radial ribs, mine or more in number, present in ZL. Angasi, are entirely absent, the riblets being evenly distributed over the whole valve. The largest specimen of LZ. Angasz known to us measures 68 mm. by 44 mm. This valve is fully one-fourth larger than the anterior valve of that specimen, and therefore we may conclude that when living this ancient form would have measured fully 85 mm. by 55 mm. 4. Plaxiphora concentrica, ~. sp. Pl. iv., fig. 8. One example of posterior valve only. General Appearance.— Broad, rounded. Color pale-brown, slightly olivaceous. The tegmentum is posteriorly bent over, and continued for some distance on the underside of shell. Mucro evidently postmedian, though much worn. The anterior portion of shell well preserved, showing six strong concentric ribs, each following closely the contour of the margin of the shell. There are evidences that these ribs were continued without any break right round the posterior margin, though the ribbing in this part of shell is less strong, and the ribs are closer together. No other sculpture is discernible on the tegmentum, Insertion plates unslit in the posterior valve. Measurement. — Posterior valve, total width 17 mm., total length, 10 mm.; width of tegmentum only, 15 mm.; length of tegmentum only, 7 mm. . Inside.—Articuiamentum white, sinus 4mm. wide at apex, 8 mm. at widest part. Sutural laminz produced beyond the tegmentum, 44mm. The sutural lamine and insertion plates are remarkably posteriorly thickened. The two dorsal pits and lateral grooves are very deep. , 139 Remarks.—This shell is allied to the living forms Plaxiphora petholata, Sby , and P. giawca, Q. and G., rather more so to the latter than to the former. It is more strongly concentrically ribbed, more evenly rounded, sinus narrower, sutural laminew twice the length, the anterior margin of tegmentum slightly produced forward in the centre of the sinus, and the inside is white instead of greenish-blue. The microscopic vermiculate wrinkling is quite absent in the specimen under description. 5. Plaxiphora gellibrandi, x. sp. PA. iv., fig. 1. One example of posterior valve. _ General Appearance.—Broad, flat, jugum slightly raised, side slope nearly straight. Color blackish, with irregular streaks of green. A pale broad wedge-shaped mark on dorsal ridge. Mucro.—Post median, slightly raised. Dorsal Area.—Slightly raised and ornamented with a broad whitish wedge-shape mark. A shallow curved diagonal rib runs from the mucro forward, keeping near the margin of valve. The whole of the valve is ornamented with the same peculiar sculp- ture that is present in Plaxiphora petholata, Sby., and which Sowerby in his description describes as a mi:zroscopic pattern resembling a dense punctulation, united with a minute zigzag or yermiculate wrinkling. Measurement.—Posterior valve, total width 14 oe total length 8 mm.; width of tegmentum only, 11 mm.; length of tegmentum only, 5 mm. “Inside.—Articulamentum white, sinus 3 mm. at apex, increas- ing to 6 mm.; sutural laminz produced beyond tegmentum 3 mm. The eves are shallow and spongy. The articulamentum of in- sertion plates and sutural lamine is greatly thickened. The two dorsal pits and corresponding lateral grooves are very deep. Locality.—Eocene beds, Gellibrand, Victoria. Remarks.—This species very closely resembles P. petholata, Sby. The inside pits and lateral grooves are deeper, and the inside color white instead of greenish blue. The shell is also broader, and the anterior margin of tegmentum is slightly pro- duced forward. 6. Acanthochites (Notoplax) granulosus, x. sp. PI. iv., fig. 9. Two examples of median valves. General Appearance.—Carinated beaked, side slope straight, except lateral area, which is reflex ; color mottled in two shades of green, somewhat bleached. Dorsal Area.—This area is clearly defined, being broadly wedge shape, produced forward in a distinct beak, which is slightly bent downwards, A shallow depression separates this area from the pleural. Sculpture consists of about a score of 140 longitudinal, closely packed granulose riblets. The granules in- crease in definition towards the margin of the pleural area, where they will be more correctly described as longitudinal rows of granules. Pleural Area.—In this area the rows of granules are radial, the rows being separated, widely apart, and very regular. In this area the granules become large, digitate, in some cases pointed, inclined very much forward, the apex of one just reaching to the base of the one in front of it. Where the apex is broken off the pustules are seen to be hollow. Lateral Area.—Raised or recurved, clearly defined, the pustules being rounded and granulose, becoming crowded and irregularly placed as they approach the posterior margin of valve. Inside.—The articulamentum was probably white. The inser- tion plates are well produced, though in the specimens under examination rather broken, and apparently unslit. The upper surface of the sutural Jamine is irregularly grooved, sinus broad. Measurement.— Width of valve, 7 mm.; length of valve, 7 mm.; length of slope, 5 mm; divergence, 100°. Locality.—Schnapper Point. 7. Aeanthoehites rostratus, . sp. PI. iv., fig. 5. One median valve. Genera! Appearance.—Carinated, side slope straight, strongly beaked. Color porcelain white. Dorsal Area.— Wedge shape, much raised, convex, strongly beaked, the beak bent downwards This area is smooth and glossy under an ordinary pocket lense, but under a fairly high power it is seen to he pitted with irregular shallow pitting, highly polished. | Lateral and Plewral Areas.—These areas are hardly separable. The shell is a little thickened, and the sculpture a little coarser in the lateral area. The ornamentation consists of a number of somewhat irregular longitudinal rows of finger-shaped flattened pustules. The pustules are set diagonally in the rows, and increase to double the size as they reach the margin of the shell. The posterior margin of valve is bent downwards. Measurement.—Longitudinally, 3 11m.; breadth, 5 mm.; diver- gence, 105°. Inside.—White, insertion plates and sutural lamin not large, sinus broad and shallow, only indicated by a slight sinuosity of — outline. a Locality.—Schnapper Point. 8. Chiton fossicius, n. sp. Pl. iv., fig. 4. One example median valve. | General Appearance.—Valve narrow, carinated, side slopes nearly straight. Color pale olivacious buff. 141 Lateral Area.—This area is separated from the pleural area by amuch raised, broad, diagonal rib. This rib occupies fully one- half of the area; on the other half are two shallow radial ribs. Plewral Area.—This area appears to have been sculptured right up to the dorsal ridge, with about 13 sharply chiselled, imbricating longitudinal ribs. The sutures between the ribs are deeply cut, and end as they reach the raised diagonal rib of the lateral area in a very deep pit. So deep are these pits that with the naked eye they appear to be perforations through the teg- mentum. Dorsal Area.—This area is much worn, but, as before stated, there are indications that the ribbing of the pleural area was continued right over this area. The valve is slightly beaked, which is smooth, no striz being discernible. Measurement.—Greatest width between the slopes, 10 mm.; greatest width of slope, 4 mm.; length of slope, 7 mm.; diver- gence, 95°. Remarks.—Under a strong lense the whole valve, except the beak, is found to be decussated or ornamented with a network of perforations, this being due to the exceptional development of the megalopores. The sutural lamingw are much broken away, but the sinus was probably fairly broad and shallow. The insertion plates are quite missing—they have probably broken away. The most striking feature of this shell is the diagonal row of deep pits in the pleural area, and the much elevated broad diagonal rib of the lateral area. Locality.—Table Cape. 9. Chiton paucipustulosus, x. sp. Pl. iv., fig. 2. One medium valve from Table Cape. A well-preserved speci- men. The Lateral Area is slightly raised, and contains a number of wavy transverse sulca‘ions, or growth lines, extending into the pleural area. There are 12 to 14 small pustules on the anterior margin of the lateral area. Plewral Area.—The growth lines are very distinct in this area, and extend across the jugum. There are about 12 short longi- tudinal imbricating riblets, those nearest the jugum being the longest, and becoming shorter as they approach the centre of slope, those near the centre being mere elongated lumps. From the centre to the girdle they are absent. Length of dorsal area, 6 mm. Sinus wide, increasing from 2 to4mm. The sutural lamine are 3 mm. wide near the sinus, gradually lessening towards the girdle. The pectination of the teeth is fairly distinct. Measurement.— Width, 25 mm.; length of area, 6 mm.; diver- gence, 105°. 142 Remarks.—The shell is glossy olive - green, blotched with olivaceous cuneiform dashes. 10. Lepidopleurus, sp. indet. One median valve. The sculpture in good preservation, although the lateral areas are broken away. Color.—Creamy white. Lateral Area.—Raised, ornamented with six regular, radial rows of flattened granules. These are large at the girdle, and gradually diminish towards the jugum. Pleural Area.—Sculptured with 16 rows of granulose-longi- tudinal ribs. The interspaces double in width as they approach the anterior margin. Dorsal Area.—Much worn. Inside.—The sinus appears to have been wide and shallow. The usual diagonal rib is much raised and rather curved. Measurement.—The valve is 2 mm. longitudinally, and about 4} mm. in breadth ; divergence, 100°. 11. Isehnoehiton, sp. zndet. Six median valves from Muddy Creek. The lateral, pleural, and dorsal areas contain a series of 20 to 30 rows of minute triangular pits, converging towards the apex, and having a confluent tendency. The sinus is about 5mm. _ The side slopes are slightly curved. The dorsal area is decidedly beaked, some of the valves being 7 mm. in length; divergence, 95° to 110°. Remarks.—It is extremely doubtful whether these specimens are referable to the above genus, but without better material it is Impossible to be certain. 12. Chiton, sp. indet. One valve, very much worn. The lateral area distinctly raised, with three or four deep sulcations. The dorsal area is 9 mm, and has a decided Heals Width of valve, 17 mm.; divergence, 95°. The side slopes are slightly curved outwards. A strong costa in the articulamentum runs up to the dorsal area. The contour of this valve approaches that of valve two of Plaxiphora petholata, Sby. Locality.—Muddy Creek. 13. Isehnochiton, sp. indet. One median valve from Muddy Creek. The areas are indistinctly marked. 143 The sutural laminz are half the width of the tegmentum. Width of valve, 20mm. The length of the dorsal area is. 5 mm.; divergence, 130°. The generic position of this species is doubtful, but the thin- ness of ‘the shell and the angle of divergence lead one to conclude that it rightly belongs to the above genus. 14. Chiton, sp. inde. Two median valves from Muddy Creek. Lateral Area.—Distinctly raised, the anterior margin being the most elevated. Three or more deep concentric growth lines cross the area. A very shallow radial ribbing is distinctly present near the girdle, but it disappears as the jugum is approached. Pleural Area.—This area is ornamented with imbricating longitudinal ribbing. These ribs are strong near the girdle, but become shallower as they approach the jugum. The jugum is much worn. Measurement.—Width, 8mm.; length, 4mm.; divergence, 80°. 15. Chiton, sp. indet. One specimen anterior valve. Slope strongly convex. Shell polished, the only ornamentation being about 20 shallow concentric ridges. Inside.—The articulamentum is crossed laterally by a strong ridge. The pectination of what remains of the insertion plate is most pronounced. 16. Chiton, sp. indet. One median valve from Muddy Creek. Lateral Area.—Much broken away, slightly raised, sculptured with strong broken longitudinal ribs. Pleural Area.—Ornamented with shallow, but distinct longi- tudinal ribbing, the interspaces being twice the width of the ribs. Dorsal Area.—Much worn. Measurement.— Width, 8 mm.; length, 4 mm.; divergence, 95°. 17. Loriea, sp. indet. Two median valves from Muddy Creek, both much worn. Decidedly carinated, side slopes slightly curved. The Lateral Areas are raised, and contain three or four deeply marked radial sulcations, converging at the apex. The Pleural Areas have from eight to ten deep longitudinal ridges, gradually lessening in width towards the girdle. The Dorsal Areas are too much worn to admit of description. Length of Dorsal Area.—One valve 11 mm., the other 8 mm.; width, 23 mm. and 20 mm. respectively ; divergence, 90° and 95°. 144 The interior of the large valve has a decided internal costa running transversely, and a folded pleat in the posterior margin. The shell bears a striking relationship to the modern Lorica volvox of Reeve. . 18. Acanthochiton, sp. indet. One median valve. Latero-pleural Area covered with triangular elongated, flattened pustules. The Lateral Area is slightly raised. The insertion plates are large, being more than half the width of the latero-pleural area. The Dorsal Area is broad wedge shape, but very much worn. Measurement.—Width, 8 mm.; length, 5 mm.; divergence, 130°. ; Remarks.—This specimen bears a strong resemblance to A. crocodilus, Torr and Ashby. Locality.—-Muddy Creek. 19. Five valves from Muddy Creek, and one valve from Schnapper Point, all very worn. Vol. XXV. Plate LV. I. PLAXIPHORA GELLIBRANDI. 6. LORICA COMPRESSA. 2. CHITON PAUCIPUSTULOSUS. ; y Then 7. LORICA AFFINIS. 3- LORICELLA GIGANTEA. 8. PLAXIPHORA CONCENTRICA. 145 “ON THE OCCURRENCE OF MIOCENE LIMESTONES AT EDITHBURGH, AND THEIR STRATIGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIP TO THE EOCENE OF WOOL Bay, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES BY PROFESSOR R. TATE. By Herserr Basepow. [Read July 2, 1901.] Prate ITI. As far back as 1885 Professor Ralph Tate recorded and described a few species of fossil mollusca from a sub-crystalline limestone at Edithburgh, but was doubtful of its correct age. He, however, thought it to be Miocene, as the difference between its physical characters and those of an Eocene series a few miles to the north of Edithburgh were marked, as also because of a view adopted in the “Revision of Older Tertiary Mollusca,” 1899. As this limestone has recently been quarried, an increased number of species have been brought to light, consequently it was thought desirable to reinvestigate this fossiliferous bed. I ‘submit more pronounced paleontological and_ stratigraphical proofs that Miocene beds do occur at Edithburgh. A quarter-mile north of Edithburgh a deposit of polyzoal lime- stone, containing such well-known and characteristic Eocene fossils as Fibularia gregata, Scutellina patella, Paradoxechinus novus, is found underlying yellowish compact limestones. Pebbles are to be seen at the base of this compact limestone, and on close examination they were found to consist of fragments of the polyzoal limestone. This clearly demonstrates that the Eocene bed must have been elevated into a land surface, suffered denuda- tion, and, during a later period of subsidence, was covered by the yellowish compact limestone. A clearer demonstration that such a sequence of changes did -oceur is to be found in a splendid example of an erosion line between the undoubted Eocene bed and those above it. At this spot the top surface of the Eocene bed has an altitude of 26 feet above sea level. About 200 yards ‘further north the same Eocene bed, still covered by the compact limestone, has a vertical height -of only six feet above sea level, and the erosion line exposed on the face of the cliff between the two sections is well marked. ‘This erosion line extends southwards, exposed at intervals along 146 the face of the cliff; and at a distance of about a quarter to half a mile from the previous sections fossils of a Miocene type were found in the yellow compact bed above the Eocene. The most prominent of these fossils were Spondylus arenicola (characteristic of the Miccene of Aldinga), Pecten antiaustralis, P. sub-bifrons, P. palmapes. At Wool Bay, to the north of Edithburgh, the Eocene is capped directly by beds of travertine, and the cliffs are here about 60 feet high. Almost immediately southwards, however, a band of clay of a sticky nature when moist, and red in color, makes its appearance. An artificial section gave— Feet. Recent travertine ... Az 13 Red-compact clay... oe 15 Polyzoal limestone ... _ Travelling southwards, the Eocene erated more arenaceous and of a finer nature, showing two distinct beds, the lower being a pink, compact, crystalline polyzoal limestone, while the upper is yellow in color and much softer. The following section was taken about two miles south of Wool. Bay :— Travertine and soil Variegated arenaceous clay (unfossiliferous) Oyster band consisting, as at Aldinga, of Ostrea arenicola White limestone Eocene limestone The top of the Eocene limestone, greatly eroded, has a mean altitude of about six feet above sea level, and is covered uncon- formably by the white limestone, which contains fossils charac- teristic of Miocene beds—Ostrea arenicola and Pecten anti- australis, in company with Tellina, Cardita, Diastoma, and Chiene being abundant. The variegated arenaceous clay of this section is quite different in physical features from the red sticky clay of the Wool Bay section described above. Leaving the coast and travelling westwards to a point distant one and a-quarter miles from Edithburgh, a well section indicates the age of the unfossiliferous clay bed of the section taken two. miles south of Wooi Bay— Feet Black soil ove eee se Be Nee | Rubbly limestone (fossiliferous) ; Pit | Variegated arenaceous clay (unfossiliferous) 1] White rubbly limestone (fossiliferous) a aad Yellow sandstone (fossiliferous) ih SA Pm Hard compact limestone. pe 147 The variegated arenaceous clay is of Miocene age, as it lies ‘between beds of Miocene limestone, the overlying bed containing species of Pecten antiaustralis and P. sub-bifrons, while the underlying bed contains P. antiaustralis, P. sub-bifrons, P. palmipes, Ostrea arenicola, and Spondylus arenicola. This clay, moreover, is similar in its physical characteristics to that of the section two miles south of Wool Bay. The clay of the latter section certainly overlies beds of Miocene age, and, judging from this similarity in physical features, the clay of the coast section is also of Miocene age. The yellow sandstone of this inland well section underlies the white rubbly Miocene limestone and contains the fossils—Amus- sium Hochstetteri, Fibularia gregata and other Kchinoids, and Dimya dissimilis ; consequently it is of Eocene age. The hard compact limestone underlying the yellow sandstone . contains only obscure casts of fossils, but among these Z’rigonia semi-undulata can be recognised and is plentiful. APPENDIX. List or Fossits FRoM MIocENE LIMESTONE ABOUT EDITHBURGH. (Revised by Professor R. Tate.) Name of Species. ‘Semicassis subgranosa, 7'ate, 1888 Diastoma, spec. nov. ‘Campanile triserialis, spec. nov. Voluta, spec. indet. Mitra, spec. indet. ‘Trochocochlea, spec. Kuphus, spec. indet. Haliotis, spec. nov. Pecten antiaustralis, Tate, 1885 Pecten sub-bifrons, Z’ate, 1882 Pecten palmipes, Z’ate, 1885 Dosinia Grayii, 7Zittel, 1873 Limopsis Forskali, Adams ‘Ostrea arenicola, J’ate, 1885 Spondylus arenicola, Tate, 1886 Otner Miocene Occurrences. Hallett’s Cove Hallett’s Cove Hallett’s Cove Adelaide, Hallett’s Cove, Al- dinga Bay (S.A.), Muddy Creek, Gippsland Lakes, Shelford (Victoria) Adelaide, Hallett’s Cove, Al- dinga Bay Aldinga Bay Gippsland Lakes (Vict.), Pa- reora and Wanganui (New Zealand) Gippsland Lakes Adelaide, Aldinga Bay Hallett’s Cove, Aldinga Bay 148 Linatula Jeffreysiana, Vate,1884 Aldinga Bay, River Murray Cliffs (S.A.), Muddy Creek ( Vict.) Glycimeris subradians, Vate, Hallett’s Cove (O08): 3 Meretrix sphericula, spec. nov. Aldinga Bay, obscure casts only” (M.S.) Cardium, spec. nov. — Cardita, spec. nov. = Tellina Basedowi, Tate, spec. nov. a Tellina Basedowi, Ta‘e, spec. nov. Plate ITI. Shell rotundly-trigonal, solid, nearly equilateral, moderately convex. Ornamented by concentric, erect, short lamellee—about ten in 5mm. length in the medio-ventral region—and radial striz, which are visible only on the partially decorticated surfaces. Ventral margin subarcuated; dorsal slopes strong, the posterior nearly straight and roughened by the edges of the concentric sulci, dorsal |post‘|-ventral tip angulated, anterior margin- rounded ; the posterior fold and fiexure very moderate and sub- marginal. Beaks depressed, obtuse, contiguous; lunule deeply sunken, ligament cccupying about one-half its length. Interior unknown. By external characters comes near 7. capsoides and 7. del- toidalis, differing by more rotund marginal outline. Dimensions.—Ant.-post, 40 mm.; umbo-vent., 35; sectional diameter, 17. Locality.—Common in Miocene limestone in the neighborhood of Edithburgh, Yorke Peninsula (4.8.). The type specimen has been deposited in the Museum of the Adelaide University. : {The above description is the last of the numerous contribu- tions of the late Professor Ralph Tate, who has been recognised as having a place among the highest authorities in natural science, and one to whom students of paleontology, especially in Australia, are deeply indebted. It was but a few hours before: his much lamented death that the late Professor read the above description to me. This is but another proof of the earnest and. sincere devotion to natural research which characterised him even. to the last moments of his valuable life.—H. Basrpow. | Vol. XXV. Plate III, ~ S 8 N — 2 2 a YN = a] T j UOTJOIG [oIso[ooRTe ¢ Tt 9 4 te SITOULITY JO BTBG ,, 0 <0t =" * UOHOag SIST[VnzeN, Pll oe -. § * a oS * -qsede4uq ,, —pre-ul-syuers) ,, | T T 691 ——— as i = OA0=66T " es « Clearqsuy BS ae ee % ando[eyey YyNog jo suNey [ISSO ,, SulqesqysnyyT a ee: 2 - ‘* Surpurg | ee) Ss | ea a Areulpi9 —Areaqry ,, —S}UBIN) JUSWITIIAOY ,, Ole LZ AIOUOIIe}S pure ‘eseysog ‘Bunug, | 9 TI ZL — 6 ¢ * JayejoregQ—soseA ,, V26a Tt S °% W01}0aQ [eOISO[OoRle PY ee. o-. O- Oe Slo "* UOIZOOG S}SIPVAINGRNT Plat oS ot = Sarystqnd 9 sIag °° os “+ “Kqatoog tekoy 9 ¢ gt vee vee Buyywaqsnqyy —suolrdriosque ,, * wicos =: "oe = “Barqultg @ © ‘Sz = “* goue[eg o7, —suolqoesuviy, Jo son Ag ‘OO6T ‘T 10q0399 ee or. - SN Se “ap SE ee i os ee ee “aq ‘WIIVALSAVY HLOOS 40 ALYIOOS TVAOU AHL HALIM LNAQOOOV NI YaYASVAUL CHL 157 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. By Proressor E, H. Renniz, M.A., D.Sc. [Read October 1, 1901.] At the close of another year we, as Fellows of the Royal Society of South Australia, have cause both for regret and satis- faction. We must all feel a sense of loss this evening, meeting as we do without one distinguished member who for many years worked enthusiastically in the interests of this Society. Professor Tate was an almost constant attendant at our meetings till illness prevented him, and he contributed very largely to their success by the original and interesting matters he brought forward. For a long time he edited carefully our ‘‘ Proceedings,” which contain a long record of his own patient and laborious work in that department of paleontology with which he was specially familiar, work which has been recognised far beyond the limits of this State as of great and permanent value to the scientific world. The Society and the State is much the poorer by his removal from amongst us, and for a long time to come the blank caused by his death will he felt by us at our meetings here. On the other hand, we have cause for satisfaction, because work of more than usual importance has been accomplished during the year. I refer, of course, more particularly to the discoveries recently made by Mr. Howchin, and confirmed in all respects by Professor David and Mr. Pittman. The details we hope to hear from Mr. Howchin himself at a later date, but in the meantime we congratulate him heartily upon a discovery which is of so much interest and importance. Apart from this special discovery, our ‘‘ Proceedings” contain the records of solid work done in various departments of science, a record of which we have no reason to be ashamed. In casting about for a subject on which to address you, it _occurred to me that, at what I might venture to call a critical period in the agricultural history of this State, it would be of some interest to give some account of scientific development in connection with agriculture generally, and with special reference to the requirements of this State, and, with that as a text, to refer to other subjects in which there is a crying need for accurate Scientific investigation, such investigation being necessary, not merely to elucidate scientific theories, but to improve our material condition. 158 Commencing then with matters agricultural, or rather agri- culturally chemical, it has become apparent in recent years that many old ideas must be discarded. The vague notion that it is only necessary to supply to the soil in any fashion the chemical constituents which go to make up the plant has been of necessity abandoned, and 1t has been found that almost as much care and attention must be bestowed on feeding plants as on feeding animals, not only with respect to the nature of the food supplied, but also with reference to the manner of its administration and the conditions under which the food becomes assimilable. Every schoolboy knows that nitrogen must be supplied to plants, but nothing has caused more discussion and given rise to more experiments than the questions whence and how plants obtain their supply of this substance. It has been known from. time immemorial that such substances as stable manure, sewage, &c., which when exposed to air decompose, and give off ammonia, are capable when added to the soil of yielding a supply of nitrogen to plants, but till comparatively recently it was not known by what series of processes the nitrogen is made available for use. It became known, however, that all fertile soils contain nitrates, and further, that nitrates are formed in soil under certain conditions, from such substances as I have already re- ferred to, stable manure, sewage, &c. With these data as a. starting point investigations were undertaken, which led to: remarkable and interesting results. Ina paper published in the journal of the Chemical Society of London for 1891, Warington, who was associated as chemist with Gilbert and Lawes, in their world-famed experiments at Rothamstad, in England, summarises the results of experiments carried out chiefly by himself, the principal of which are these :— 1. There are present in fertile soils minute organisms of a bacterial nature, which convert ammonia into nitrates. 2. These organisms are erobic, and are not found at depths greater than about 6 ft., or perhaps less. 3. The ammonia is first converted into nitrates by a special organism (nitrosomonas), which, how- ever, is incapable of converting nitrites into nitrates, or of directly converting ammonia into nitrates. 4. The growth of this organism, and therefore its activity, is promoted by the: presence of carbonic acid, sodium bi-carbonate, and some other substances containing carbon, the carbon being apparently neces- sary to provide for its growth and multiplication. Ordinary sodium carbonate, however, greatly hinders the action of this organism. 5. There is another organism in fertile soil (nitro- bacter), which is capable of energetically converting nitrites into nitrates, but is not capable of directly converting ammonia into: nitrites or nitrates. 6. The growth of this organism is also, as 159 in the case of nitrosomonas, promoted by the addition of a moderate quantity of sodium bi-carbonate, but is hindered by sodium carbonate. It is also hindered by a large amount of ammonia. fence, if a large amount of ammonia is present it must first be converted almost entirely into nitrites before nitrates can be formed. The importance of these results is obvious. They place at once upon a sound scientific basis the practice of adding manures containing ammonia, nitrites or nitrates, the ultimate product being always nitrates, provided that the conditions necessary for the life of the working organisms are present. But these results also tell us that there may be conditions, such as, for instance, the absence of either or both of the organisms, or the presence of sodium carbonate, which will either entirely stop or, to a great extent, hinder these necessary processes. Under such conditions, plant life will not flourish. Recent investigations show, too, that water may play a more important part than has been generally supposed. It is a recog- nised fact that nitrification takes place more readily in light soils than in strong ones, and this is generally attributed to the more easy penetration of air into the former, air being necessary for the life and work of the bacteria. Schloesing, in a paper published in the ‘Comptes Rendus” (vol. 125), points out that in strong soils, the particles of which are extremely fine, the thickness of the layer of water surrounding each particle is less than the thickness of that surrounding each particle in a light soil (containing the same amount of water), the particles of which are larger, because the total surface in the former case is greater than in the latter. In a series of experiments he showed that by slightly increasing the quantity of water soils in which nitrification took place imperfectly became immensely improved in that respect, nitrification taking place completely. He draws the conclusion that the action of the organism is in some way connected with the thickness of the layer of water surround- ing the particles of the soil, but it is impossible in the small space of an address such as this to explain his reasoning fully. Warington, in his researches, found that the bacteria to which reference has been made would not grow on gelatine or agar- agar; in other words, such nitrogenous substances as these are not affected by these organisms, and therefore such substances are not directly available for plant food. But it has lately been shown that if along with the nitrifying bacteria another is added which is capable of breaking up the gelatine or agar-agar with formation of ammonia, then the former grow and flourish, and these substances then break down completely, and yield their nitrogen ultimately in the form of nitrates ; 7.¢., in the form suit- 160 able for plant food. Thus three distinct organisms are necessary to make the nitrogen of complex nitrogenous substances available for plants. This association of various organisms in bringing about important results I shall refer to later; it is one of the most interesting phenomena which modern science has revealed. Now these various organisms may be deficient in soils in par- ticular cases, and attempts have been made to supply them arti- ficially. For this purpose the bacteria have been cultivated in certain media, and sold under the name of “ nitragin.” Experi- ments have been made with this material in Germany and else- where, but with very variable results. In some cases great benefit is said to have resulted, in others little or none. More experi- ments are required before any definite conclusions can be drawn. It is obvious that such a material might fail owing to improper preparation, or that it might appear to fail, not from any want of virtue in itself, but because the soil to which it is added already contains the organisms in sufficient numbers, their activity perhaps being hindered by unfavorable conditions. But there are many other organisms present in soil besides those already referred to, and among these are usually to be found some which have a directly opposite effect, that is, they break up nitrates into nitrites, or may go still further, and destroy them altogether, with liberation and consequent loss of free nitrogen. They are hence known as denitrifying bacteria. Obviously great com- plexity is here introduced, and the question has to be considered whether these denitrifying organisms can cause serious loss of nitrogen from the soil, and if so under what conditions. It is practically agreed that in some cases excessive quantities of fresh horse or cattle manure exercise an injurious rather than a bene- ficial effect, and especially that they lessen the effect of nitrogen- ous manures, such as sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda, and it has further been shown that manure of this kind fre- quently contains these denitrifying bacteria in large numbers. The conclusion was drawn, apparently too hastily, that it is the presence of numbers of these organisms in the excreta of horses and cattle wkich causes the deleterious effect. Recent investiga- tions, however, have thrown considerable doubt on this conclusion. It has been shown that the denitrifying bacteria are already present, at least usually, in the soil, and it is asserted that the mere addition of a larger number will not account for the pheno- mena. A large number of experiments have been made to elucidate this question, the results of which have been to show that certain substances—starch, for instance—greatly increase the activity cf these bacteria, doubtless because they are particu- larly suited for food for the organisms, and it has been asserted that some of these food substances are always present in the 161 straw mixed with the manure, and therefore exercise their stimulating effect. This view, however, is controverted by others, who hold that the stable manure acts simply by interfering in ssome way with the activity of the nitrifying organisms, and that in actual practice there is no appreciable loss of nitrogen, even although in experiments on the small scale in the laboratory such loss of nitrogen has been proved to occur. These different opinions are not altogether inconsistent with one another, and they may all be in a measure true, but much patient and difficult investigation is yet required. The question still remains whether plants are able to obtain a ‘supply of nitrogen from any other source than nitrogenous com- pounds contained in or supplied to the soil. Can they utilise the vast stores of free nitrogen contained in the atmosphere? The answer is not simple, and controversy on this point has raged for many years, and is still raging. It has been proved that some plants can assimilate nitrogen and grow, even although they be planted in soils absolutely free from nitrogen. These are leguminous plants, and certain lower alge—perhaps mixed with bacteria. But this assimilation or fixation of nitrogen takes place, in the case of Jeguminous plants at any rate, only under fixed conditions. They must be “infected” with certain organ- isms (provisionally termed bacteroids, because their nature is uncertain), and unless these bacteroids are present the plants will not grow in the absence of nitrogenous matter in the soil. It is well known that connected with the roots of leguminous plants there are almost always to be found small nodules, like galls in general appearance. When these are examined microscopically they are found to contain enormous numbers of these bacteroids, which can be grown in ordinary media, such as gelatine, and behave in many respects like bacteria. In any soil, containing the other necessary constituents of plant food, but devoid of nitrogen, leguminous plants will grow provided these organisms be added. Experiments have been conducted in such a way as to show that the nitrogen taken up by the plants in these cases can only come from the free nitrogen of the air. But this being granted, the important question is where and how is this nitrogen fixed? There are several possibilities, all of which are ably dis- cussed by Professor H. Marshall Ward in an article published in “Nature” in 1894. 1. The gaseous nitrogen might be directly fixed by the plant, that is absorbed by the cells and converted into the complex nitrogenous constituents of the plant, just as carbon dioxide is absorbed and goes to build up the plant tissues. The weight of evidence, however, is against this view. It is apparently true, as already stated, that certain lower alge “fix” nitrogen in soils 162 devoid of nitrogen, but it is doubtful whether they do this with- out the aid of other lower organisms. In fact, it is stated in one of the most recent papers on the subject by some German scientists that experiments made with certain specified algae prove that these plants do not fix nitrogen except by the aid of certain bacteria, and that this is probably true in all cases. In this connection it may be stated that Berthelot claims to have proved that certain bacteria can fix nitrogen, and so enrich the soil in nitrogen compounds. 2. This leads to the second view that nitrogen is fixed in the soil by means of bacteria, bacteroids, &c., and is by them con- verted in the soil into some kind of nitrogenous matter, which is then absorbed by green plants in the ordinary way. 3. A third view is, to quote Professor Ward’s own words,,. that ‘‘the fixation of the atmospheric nitrogen can be conceived of as a powerful act of the machinery of the leguminous plant, urged to the necessary expenditure of energy by the stimulating action of the organism in its roots.” An opinion as to the correctness of this view might perhaps be arrived at easily if we could determine where the nitrogen is absorbed ; that is, — whether by the leaves and stems or by the roots. If by the leaves and stems, then the hypothesis just quoted would seem to be a very probable one. This is a matter extremely difh- cult to deal with experimentally. Professor Ward points out, however, that microscopic examination of the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants indicates, by various signs, that they are the seat of intense physiological activity, and that therefore in all probability they are the seat of the fixation of nitrogen. 4. The fourth and last theory is that the root organisms act merely as accumulators of nitrogenous material which has been fixed in the soil by their means, and that the leguminous plant benefits by ‘‘devouring” the bacteroids eventually, and profiting by their stores of nitrogenous material. In this case — the bacteroids may be really more parasitic than is represented by the third view of their functions; that is, they may use the root to supply themselves with nutriment, and then by ~ their vital processes to store up nitrogen. ; It it evident that a vast amount of careful and difficult — experimental work is necessary to decide this question, a ques- — tion which, however, to use Professor Ward’s words, “ pro- — mises to be of more importance to agriculture in the future than any legislation as to prices, &c., that we can conceive ;. for if it turns out that the acquisition of free nitrogen by the jand, or what is the same thing, the plants growing on it, can — 163 ‘be economically promoted, the farmer and forester may have the control of sources of real wealth not yet dreamt of.” It follows from what has been said, that if leguminous plants, _ such as peas, are planted as a crop, they will absorb nitrogen from the air and store it up partly in their leaves, partly in their roots. If, therefore, peas are grown asa crop they should in- crease the total nitrogen in the soil, especially if they be all ploughed in. This has been found to be the case, hence the use of peas for this purpose. You will not have failed to notice in what has been said the association of organisms in bringing about certain results. This phenomenon, under the name of symbiosis, is attracting great attention in the scientific world, and is proving to be of far- reaching importance. In its widest sense the term may be applied to almost any association of living beings whereby im- portant results are brought about; for instance, the association of the plague bacillus with rats, the bacillus of malarial fever with mosquitos, &c. In the narrower sense, however, the term is used of the co-operation of two or more associated organisms for their mutual benefit. Professor Marshall Ward, in a paper read before the British Association in 1899, brings out the salient points in recent results on this subject, and to this paper I am chiefly indebted for the facts to be brought under your notice. Several instances are now known in which different kinds of bacteria can, when associated, complete processes which no one kind can complete by itself; witness, for instance, the process of nitrification already referred to. Another remarkable instance is quoted by Winogradsky, who has shown that an anzrobic bacterium, Clostridium pastewrianum, is able, if supplied with sufficient glucose, and protected from oxygen, to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Now such conditions are not easy to bring about artificially, but when Clostridium pastewrianum is active, it is found to be always working in the meshes of a network of zrobic, that is, of oxygen consuming bacteria, the latter render- ing possible the activity of the former. Similar phenomena have been observed with fungi. The Japanese drink, saki, or rice wine, is made by infecting the steamed rice with a fungus known as Aspergillus oryze. This converts the rice starch into sugar, which then undergoes fermentation by the influence of a variety of yeast fungus. So closely is this yeast associated with the Aspergillus that for some time a controversy existed as to whether the former was not really a part of the life history of the latter. It is now recognised, however, that we have herea striking case of symbiosis. Every gardener is aware that whereas certain plants, roses, for example, can be transplanted without difficulty, others are 164 extremely difficult to transplant. Jt has been shown that in cases of the latter kind—the ericas, for example—there are inti- mately associated with the roots of the plant fungi, without which the plant will not grow. Unless the greatest care is taken to carry with the plant, in the act of transplanting, a sufficient quantity of the associated fungus in a living condition the operation is a failure. In some cases it appears that a plant can make use of other but similar fungi to those to which it is ordinarily accustomed. This seems to apply to some forest trees, and in that case transplantation can be accomplished without so much difficulty, provided that the necessary fungus is to be found in the soil to which the tree is transplanted. In what way these organisms help one another is not easy to decide. It may be that in many cases, as already suggested with the leguminose, the lower organism in some way stimulates the higher, perhaps by producing substances which act as stimu- lants, for it has been shown that certain organic and inorganic poisons can act as plant stimulants if administered in suitable doses, although they may be fatal in large quantities. Or it may be that of two organisms, A and B, B may use up and destroy some substances produced by A, which, if allowed to accumulate beyond a certain limit, would destroy the activity of A. Many cases are known in which an organism produces by its activity a substance which either destroys or greatly hinders its own growth. For example, yeast produces alcohol from sugar, but yeast ceases to act if too much alcohol is present. Whatever be the explanation it is becoming increasingly evident that we are here dealing with a far-reaching principle of nature. Now, the question naturally arises whether any light is. thrown by all this upon results in this country, or whether the investigation of the phenomena to which I directed your atten- tion is likely to be of any importance in connection with the future development of agriculture in South Australia. Reply might be made that if in the opinion of eminent authorities the pursuit of such investigations is likely to be of the highest im- portance to agriculture generally then as a matter of course they will be of importance here. But certain results have been ob- tained in this State which deserve special attention. Professor Lowrie has shown as the result of experiments at Roseworthy that nitrogenous manures when added to phosphatic manures in that and similar districts do not produce anything like so much additional effect as they do in Europe, though in some experi- ments at Millicent he informs us that he got a much greater effect. He states that very probably the difference between the two cases may be due to the fact that in Europe (and _ this applies also to Millicent in comparison with Roseworthy) with a 165 heavier rainfal] and greater sub-drainage, nitrates are washed out of the soil much more rapidly, and that it therefore becomes rapidly comparatively poor in nitrates, and responds more vigorously to a dose of nitrogenous manure. But it still remains to be explained how it comes about that at Roseworthy, after taking off the land good crops of wheat, &c., which must neces- sarily remove quantities of nitrogen from the soil, it is still possible, without the addition of nitrogenous manure, to obtain further good crops of a similar kind. Is there such a super- abundance of nitrates or other nitrogen compounds in the soil as to be practically inexhaustible for a leng period of time, or is there some process, and if so what, by which the stock of nitrogen is replenished? I am not aware whether any data are available as to the total nitrogen supply, but it is improbable that there is any excessive quantity. Whence then does the nitrogen come ! The answer is, according to Professor Lowrie, that it comes: during the fallowing process, and probably owing to the influence of minute organisms of some kind, which operate during the process. Observers in other countries have more than once noticed the occurrence on the surface of the soil of minute alge, such as have already been referred to, and which, you will re- member, have been proved to have the power of fixing nitrogen from the air, though probably they effect this only in association with bacteria. Professor Lowrie informs me that he has a strong suspicion that in this country something similar occurs, from ap- pearances which he himself has frequently noticed on the soil. If ' that be so, the operation of fallowing becomes one of immense importance, and one to the proper carrying out of which great attention should be given. Clearly that involves a careful series of investigations as to the best time and the best manner of carrying it out. It is not known at present, certainly not in this country, under what conditions of moisture, temperature, and physical condition of the soil these organisms do their best work. It may be stated with confidence, therefore, that a series of careful systematic observations are necessary, involving extensive chemical and biological experiments, to decide upon the best method of fallowing, but at present no satisfactory provision is made for such work. IT have dwelt at some length on the supply of nitrogen to plants because it is 2 question of more general scientific interest than others, such as the supply of phosphates, potash, &c. It must not be supposed, however, that:everything is known about these other questions. You are aware that in recent years super- phosphate has been used in larger quantities in preference to other forms of calcium phosphate, such as bonedust, &c. In the manu- 166 facture of superphosphate the phosphoric acid is converted into a soluble form. Yet it does not by any means follow that it is absorbed by the plant in this form. In fact, it is recognised that in certain “sour” soils, deficient in lime, superphosphates may not only do no good, but may do harm. In ordinary soils con- taining a due proportion of lime, the soluble superphosphate is readily and thoroughly distributed through the soil by rain, but that being so distributed it at once gets neutralised by the lime and converted again into a less soluble phosphate. Even though thus changed, however, into a less soluble form, it is more readily available for the plant than if administered as bonedust, because it has become so thoroughly distributed that all the fine root hairs get ready access to it. It may be also that, although in a less soluble form than the original superphosphate, it is yet in a more soluble form than in bonedust ; but that is a point not easy to decide. There are other questions about the use of phosphates, such as the conditions under which bonedust becomes the proper manure to use, upon which I have no time to dwell. As to the function of the phosphates, it has been pointed out by Professor Lowrie, in an address read before the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science at its last meeting, but not yet published, that they not only supply the phosphorus neccessary for the plant, but that they act indirectly in several important ways. They encourage the vigorous action of the soil ferments, they hasten maturity, and they enable cereals to build up tissues and develop grain with less transpiration of water. The im- portance of the latter effect in a country subject to droughts as this is, you will readily understand. It is well known that, acting upon these principles, Professor Lowrie has persistently advocated the use of superphosphates in this State, having him- self proved experimentally that a liberal application of this manure always leads, other things being equal, to a largely in- creased yield, and his persistence has been justified by the result, I understand that Sir John Quick has tabled a motion in the Federal Parliament in which it is proposed to establish a central — institution such as that in Washington, in which systematic chemical, biological, and other investigations bearing on agri- culture can be effectively carried out. These are indications of a move in the right direction. It is absurd to expect that any one man can do efficiently all the things which the principal of the Agricultural College has been expected to do in this State. One man cannot be principal of the college, take part in the teaching, travel round the country giving lectures and addresses, manage the farm on economical lines, and at the same time carry on scientific experiments, that is to say, he cannot do all these things as they 167 ought to be done, and as he would like to do them, if he be a man with his heart in his work. Let us by all means have a fully-equipped Agricultural College (and I may say here that I deeply regret to hear that it is proposed to reduce the salary which has hitherto been offered to the principal of Roseworthy College), but in addition to that, we want a thoroughly trained scientific staff to deal with the problems which face the agriculturist. Such a staff is at present maintained by the New South Wales Government, and one only needs to glance through the pages of the New South Wales “ Agricultural Gazette” to see what mag- nificent work is being done there. But the conditions as to climate and soil which exist in New South Wales do not exist here, and if the resources of this State are to be developed to their utmost extent, we must have similar work done here. Can anyone doubt that had there been a trained scientific staff to report on the conditions which would be likely to prevail at Renmark many failures and the loss of much money, with its consequent distress, would have been prevented? Professor Lowrie in his report on the condition of things at Renmark is, as becomes a Scotchman, sutticiently cautious, but it is perfectly obvious that, although with the data at present at our disposal, all failures are not explained, yet a very large percentage of them were due partly to a deficiency of nitrogen and phosphates in the soil, and partly to the deleterious action of the alkaline residues left by the evaporation of the irrigation water upon the roots of the trees. Had a thorough examination been made boforehand the experiments would either never have been made or would have been made under totally different conditions as to drainage and the supply of manure to the soil. Besides the more purely chemical and biological questions to which I have given prominence, there are others of equal import- ance which need attention. Entomology, the original pathology of plant diseases, the diseases of wine, the relation of birds to insect life, and rural engineering are all urgently claiming atten- tion. Some of you will remember a matter brought under the notice of the Society by Mr. Tepper a short time ago. He stated that in his boyhood galls were exceedingly scarce on our wattles and forest trees, whereas now it is a matter of difficulty to find a tree unaffected. He said, moreover, that he had found that parrots in captivity were exceedingly fond of these galls, pre- sumably for the insects they contain, and he drew the conclusion that the destruction and driving away of the parrots is respon- sible for the enormous increase of the galls. Possibly the evidence is not sufficient to establish the correctness of his deduction, but at any rate the fact is beyond dispute that the wattles and forest trees are becoming largely affected, and it is 168 not teo great a stretch of the imagination to suppose that at no very distant date our wattle bark industry may be seriously affected by a stunted condition of the trees, due to a large in- crease of galls. Whether Mr. Tepper’s explanation is the correct one or not, matters not for my purpose. I have used it as an illustration for the desirability, I might say the necessity, for careful observation of the habits of our native birds in relation to insect life. If we knew more about these we should be in a much better position to advise remedial measures for insect pests with some hope of success. Before concluding I should like to draw your attention to another matter totally unconnected with agriculture, in which I take some personal interest, and which is also of great importance to the material prosperity of Australia. I refer to the fisheries question. There can be no doubt that in many places fish are much scarcer than they used to be. Are there any remedies? I venture to say, yes. In the first place the habits of the various fish need to be carefully studied by trained observers, and that is the only way to obtain reliable information. Com- missions of untrained men, however qualified they may be in other respects, who travel from place to place, and examine a few fishermen here and there, will never do any real good. In an article in the “ Contemporary” for July of this year, under the name of Mathias Dunn, the writer refers to the enormous numbers of eggs laid by a mature fish, and toa belief which exists in some minds that only a small proportion of these eggs are ever hatched out. He says that by actual observation in some cases, he has proved that the vast majority of the eggs do hatch out (and it is reasonable to suppose that this is true in other cases) but that enormous numbers are destroyed while in a young and helpless condition. He instances the case of the turbot, which lays from t-vo to twelve millions of eggs, according to the maturity of the parent. These fish leave the deep sea and spawn from three to five miles from the shore. The young fish make their way to the surface of the water to within about 100 yards of the shore, where they spend the first twelve months of their life. The mortality in passing over this narrow strip of sea is tremendous. They are attacked by birds from above and fish from below, and but a small proportion ever reach their destination. During a recent visit to Encounter Bay I was informed by the fishermen that a short time ago, when the barracoota were abundant on the coast, they had observed enormous numbers of minute fish (of what kind they did not know) near the surface of the water. They were being devoured in myriads both by gulls and barra- coota, the latter being full of them. Something, therefore, 169 similar to what is described by the author of the article re- ferred to seems to take place on our own coasts. Now, what is being done in America? Chad on the Pacific coast and cod on the Atlantic coasts are being hatched out in places in which the young fish are specially protected from destruction, and in which they are kept till able to look after themselves. Then they are turned out into the ocean. The result is an enormous increase of these fish in the places named, an im- mense supply of chad having become available, and a profitable cod fishery having been established in places where cod have never previously been found within the memory of man. The author also draws attention to the necessity for preserving estuaries of all kinds as natural spawning places, and for pro- tecting the fish in such localities from indiscriminate destruc- tion by nets. It has already been found necessary in some places in this State to place restrictions on net-fishing, and I am convinced that such restrictions should be extended to all places, such as, for instance, the Port River, which may be regarded as natural spawning places, and as suitable for the growth and protection of young fish. Necessarily such measures would cause temporary hardship to some fishermen, but that can scarcely be considered a serious objection in view of the serious issues involved. It is obvious that one might include in an address such as this subjects of equal if not greater importance than those which I have briefly alluded to, such as, for example, the diseases of stock, and, in fact, the whole range of sanitary science ; but I think I have said enough to indicate the value of scientific enquiry as a means of advancing the material wealth of the country. Its importance, in my opinion, can scarcely be over-estimated. I am not pleading here, be it understood, for the pursuit of science for science sake, though it could be shown by many examples that such a pursuit has led over and over again to results of inestimable value; I am pleading for scientific investigation which will inevitably yield almost immediately results of great practical value, and the sooner its importance is recognised the better will it be for South Australia. DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY. For the Year 1900-1901: TRANSACTIONS, JOURNALS, AND REPORTS. Presented by the respective Editors, Societies, and Governments. AUSTRIA AND GERMANY. Berlin.—- Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fir Erdkunde, Band XXXV, Nos. 1 to 6 inclusive; Band XXXVI, No. 1, —_———-— Verhandlungen ditto, Band XXVII., Nos. 5 to 10 inclusive; Band XXVIII, Nos. | to 3 inclusive. Sitzungsberichte der K. Preussischen. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Nos. 39 to 53, 1900; Nos. 1 to 38, 1901. ——_—~— Abhand. der Konig. Preuss. Meterologischen Instituts, Ergeb. der Beobacht. an der Stationem, 2 and 3 ordnung im Jahres (1899 und 1900). Heft 1, Ergeb. der Gewirtter Beobachtungen im jahre 1897. Bericht uber die Thatigkeil im jahre 1898; Ergeb. der Niederschlags Beobacht., heft 3, 1895. —__——~- Zeitschrift fir Ethnologie, 32nd Annual Report, heft 5 and 6 (1900) ; 33rd ditto., heft 1 and 2 (1901). —_—-—— Zoologischen Sammlung der Museums fiir Naturkunde. Mitteilungen, Band I, heft 1. Giessen—Oberhessischen Gesellschaft fir Natur.- und Heilkunde Bericht 30th and 32nd. Gottingen—Nachrichten von der K. Gesellschaft der Wissen- schaften u. d. Georg.-August. Universitat. Math.- Phys. Klasse, heft 2, 3, 4 (1900) ; heft 1 (1901). ———— Geschaftliche Mittheilungen, heft 2 (1900) ; heft 1 (1901). Kiel—Schriften a Natur. Wissenschaftlichen Vereins fir Schleswig. Holstein, band IX, heft 2. Munich—Sitzungber, der Math. Phys Classe der K. B. Akad. der Wissenschaften der Miinchen, heft 1, 2, and 3 (1900). . Bonn—Anthropologische Studien, by Herman Schaafhansen. Munich—Abhandlungen der Math.-Phys., classe Band XX., he 2, 1900; Band XXTI., heft 1. 171 Munich—Riuckblick auf die Griindung und die Entwickelung, &e. Internationalen Erdmessung. Inhaltsverzeichniss Jahrgang, 1886-1899. Nurnberg—Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft, Abhandlungen, Band XI., 1897. ‘ Vienna—Verhandlungen der K. K. Geologischen Reichanstalt, No. 4, 1897; Nos. 14 and 15, 1898; Nos. 1, 2, 11, 12, 1900; Nos. 2 to 6 inclusive, 9 and 10, 1901. Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Jahrgang, 1900. Annalen der K. K. Naturhist. Hofmuseums, Band AIV., Nos. lI to. 4; Band XV., Nos..1, 2. Wirzburg—Sitzungsberichte der Physik.-Medicin. Gesellschaft, Nos. 1 to 8, 1898; Nos. 1 to 5, 1900. —— AUSTRALIA AND NEw ZEALAND. Adelaide—Public Library, &c., Annual Report, 1899-1900. Auckland—The Auckland Institute Annual Report, 1900-1901. Brisbane—Royal Society of Queensland, Proceedings, Vol. XVI. Geological Survey, Queensland ; Bulletin, No. 12. Queensland Flora, part III. — Caprifoliacee to Gentianec. Intercolonial Medical Congress of Australasia, Trans- actions of the Fifth Session at Brisbane, Sep- tember, 1899. Melbourne—Victorian Naturalist Journal and Magazine, vol. SEV TT. Wo. 2} volex VIL); Nos.'7' and: 9:5" vok XVIII., Nos. 3, 4, 5. ———-— —— Royal Society of Victoria, Proceedings, vol. XIII, part 2; vol. XIV., part 1 (new series). ———--—— Royal Geographical Soc. of Australasia (Victorian Branch), vol. XVIII., part 2 (1900); vol. XIX. (1901). —_———— Department of Agriculture, Annual Report, 1899 ; first steps in Ampelography, by M. Mazade ; Hand-Book of Destructive Insects of Victoria, parts 1, 2, and 3, by ©. French, F.LS., F.R.H.S., Govt. Entomologist, Vie. —_____——. Transactions of the Australasian Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. VII. ——__———— Departments of Mines and Water, Annual Report of Secretary for 1898 and 1900; special report of Little Bendigo or Nerrena Goldfields. —______—— Pub. Library, Museum, and Nat. Gallery. The Insectivorous Birds of Victoria, by Robt. Hall. 172 Melbourne—Patents and Patentees, vol. XVI. and index for 1881. Geological Society of Australasia, Notes on the Occurrence of Native Copper at Mount Lyall, West Coast of Tasmania. ————— The Emu, a Quarterly Magazine, vol. [., part 1. Perth—-Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 4. Department of Mines, Annual Report, 1900 ; Mining Statistics, 1900. Sydney—Australian Museum, Records, vol. IV., Nos. 1, 3, 4. Memoirs, IV. ‘lrawling Expedition H.M.C.S. “ Thetis.” ———- Nests and Eggs of Birds Breeding in Australia and Tasmania, part 1, pp. 1 to 36, plates. ——— Department of Agriculture—Miscellaneous Publications, No. 477; Agricultural Gazette, vol. XI., parts 11 and 12, vol. XII., parts 1 to 3 and 5 to 10. ——— Linnean Society, Proceedings, vol. XXV., parts 3 and 4, Nos. 99, 100; vol. XX VI., part 1, No. 101. ——w— Department of Mines and Agriculture —Annual Mining Report, 1899, N.S. Wales; Records Geological Survey of N.S. Wales, vol. VII., part 1; The Mineral Resources of N.S. Wales; The Mineral Resources of New South Wales, No. 7, Mercury ; Tron Ore Deposits, Geology No. 2. ——— Royal Society of N.S. Wales, Journal and Proceedings vol, XX XITYV., 1900, Public Works Department—Report on Public Abattoirs. Wellington, N.Z.—New Zealand Institute, Transactions and Proceedings, vol. XX XIJ., 1899. —! BELGIUM. Brussels—Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belge, tome 44 (1900). Musée Royal D’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Les Dauphins longirostres du Bolderien des Enoirons D’ Anvers. CANADA. Montreal—Canadian Record of Science, vol. VIII., Nos. 3 and 5, FRANCE. Caen—Bulletin de Ja Société Linnéene de Normandie, 5th serie, 3rd vol.; Bulletin 1899. Havre—Société Geologique de Normandie, Bulletin, tome XITL.; Années 1887-9. Nantes—Bulletin de la Société Sciences Naturelles de L’ouest de la France, tome X., Nos. 1, 2, 3. 173 Paris —La Feuilles des Jeunes Naturalistes, Bulletin, Nos. 360 362 ; 364-371. —— Société Entomologique. Bulletin, Nos. 15-21 (1900); ditto., Nos. 1-12 (1901). — Annales, tome LXVIII., Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4; année (1899). GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Cambridge—Cambridge Philosophical Society, List of Fellows, &e., Jan., 1901, Contents and Index, vol. X.; Proceedings, vol. XI., parts 1, 2, 3. Dublin—Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings, vol. VI., part 2 (third series) ; vol. VII. Irish Topographical Botany and Transactions, vol. XX XTI., parts 8, 9, 10, and 11. The Observatory, Dunsink, Astronomical Observations and Researches (ninth part). London—Royal Microscopical Society Journal, parts 4, 5, 6 1900, and parts 1, 2. 3, 4, 1901. —-—— Royal Society, vol. LX VII. and LX VIIL., Nos. 435 to 450. Reports to the Malarial Committee, 1900 and (fourth and fifth series) 1901. ———— Linnean Society, Proceedings, 1llth and 112th sessions. Kew Royal Gardens, Bulletin of Miscellaneous Infor formation. ——-— Entomological Society of London, Transactions, «c., for 1900. ——-— British Museum, Catalogue Lepidopters, Phalene vols. I., [I., and plates. Hand List of Birds, vol. IT. Leeds—Journal of Conchology, vol. X., Nos. 3, 4. Liverpool—Geographical Society of Liverpool, Transactions and Ninth Annual Report, 1900. Manchester—Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Memoirs and Proceedings, vol. XLIV., part 5, 1899-1900; vol. XLV., parts 1, 3, and 4. Field Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Society, Report and Proceedings for 1900. —___—— Geological Society Transactions, vol. XX VI., parts 17 and 18, with Contents and Index. Transactions, vol. XX VII., parts 1 to 7. Truro—Royal Institution of Cornwall, Journal, vol. XIV., part 2, 1901 ’ HOLLAND. Amsterdam—Natuur Kundig Tijdshrift voor Netherlansch, Indie Deel LX. 174 INDIA. Calcutta—Indian Museum—Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea, part 1, Brachyura, Fasc. 1 ; Description do., do. Deep-sea do. Decapoda Macrura and Anomala in the Indian Museum. Madras—-Madras Government Museum—Vol. III., No. 3; vol. IV., No. 1; Anthropology, Catalogue of the ing historic Antiquities, 1901. ITALY. Florence—Societa Entomologica Italiana, Bulletino Trimestre I.,. jb Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, vol. XII. Milan—Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, &c., vol. XXXIX., Fasc. 2 to 4, Fogli 6 to 25; Vol: XL., Fasc. 1, 2, 3, Fogli 7 to 18. — Memoirie, vol. VI, Fasc. 3. Pisa—Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, vol. XIT., adunanze di 25th Nov., 1900, e 27 gen., 1901. JAPAN. Kyoto—Imperial University, Calendar, 1900-1. Tokio—Asiatic Society, Teansactions, vol. XX VITI. Sesmological Society, Publications of Earthquake Inves- tigation ; Committee in Foreign Languages, - Nos. 3 to- 6 inclusive ; College of Sciences, Imperial University, Journal, vol. XV., parts 1 and 2. Mexico. Mexico—Sociedad Scientifica, tomos XIV., nums 3 to 12 tomo XV., nums | to 6. Instituto Geologico, Bolletin nums 14, primera parte. Norway AND SWEDEN. Bergens—Bergens Museums. beraainAcehie 1 for 189] and 1900 ; Aarboz. 1900, 2 det. hefte. Christiana —Norwegischen Meteor. Instituts Jahrbuch, 1898-9. Stockholm—Geologiska Foreningens. Forhandlingar, band XXII., hafte 5 and 6. ———— Entomologisk Tidskrift, arg 21, heft 1 to 4 (1900). — Kongl. Vitterhets Hist. Antiquitits Akad, Manads- blad Tjugofeurte Argangen, 1896. Stavanger—Aarsbereretnung for 1899; Aarshefte for 1900, lite Aargang. Trondhjem—Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs. Skrifter, 1898-9. 175 Russia. Kiew—Société des Naturalists, Memoires, tome X VI., Livraison ) Moscow—Société Imperiale des Naturalistes, Bulletin No. 4 (1899) ; ditto. Nos. 3 and 4 (1900). St. Petersburg—Société Impériale Mineralogique. | Verhand- lungen 2 series, 38 vol. (1900). —Comité Geologique, Bulletins, vol. X VIII, Nos. 3-7; ditto. XTX., Nos. 1-6. | —___—____-—_—Memoires, vol. VII., Nos. 3-4 et dernier ; ditto. Sy a Mh Serge as ————_—\-—— L’Académic Impériale des Sciences. Memoires Classe Phys.-Math., vol. VIII, No. 6-10; ditto. IX., No. 1-9* ditto. X., No. 1-9 et dernier. Hist.-Phil., vol. III., No.6; ditto. IV., No. 1-8. Bulletin, vol. X., No. 5; ditto MI. No. 1-5; ditte,’-XTI., ‘No. 1-5; ditto. XII., No. 1-2. SANDWICH ISLANDS. Honolulu—The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Nat. Hist. and Polynesian Ethnology. —_—— Birds of the Hawaiian Group. SWITZERLAND. Lausanne—Socicté Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, Bulletin, vol. XX XVI., Nos. 137-139 ; ditto. vol, XX XVTI., No. 140. SoutH AND CENTRAL AMERICA. Montevideo—Museo Nacional, Anales, tomo II., Fasc. XVL.; do. III., Fasc. XIV., Entrega XX.; do, IV, Ent. XIX. Mexico—Instituto Geoldégico. Bolétin num. 14, Prim. Parte. Soutu AFRICA. Cape Town—South African Philosophical Society Transactions, List of Contents, vols. I. to X.; vol. XT., parts 2 and 3; vol. XII., pp. 1 to 563. South African Museum Annals, vol. II., parts 3 to 8. Unirep Stratres oF AMERICA. Baltimore—John Hopkins’ University—Studies Hist. - Polit. Science, Series X VIIT., Nos. 5 to 12; Series XIX., Nos. 1 to 5. Circulars, vols. XIX. and XX., Nos. 144 to 149 and 152, 153. _—_—_—_ -—— 176 — American Chemical Journal, vol. X XIII., Nos. 4 to 6; vol. XXIV., Nos. 1 to6; vol. XXV., Nos. 1 to 5, Boston— Boston Society of Natural History, Proceedings, vol. XXTX., No. 14, pp. 273 to 322. —_—-——- American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Proceedings, vol. XXXV., Nos. 23. to 27, 1900; vol XXXVL, Nosad. to 238, 1904. Cambridge— Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Bulletin,, vol. ;>XXXY.,..No. 25) do, XXXVI, Nos. 1-to. 8:3:do., .XRXWVIL, Nos. 1-2) Bande. XXXVITI. (Geol. Series), Nos. 1, 2, 3, and Grand Cafion of Colorado. Annual Report Assistant in Charge of Museum of Comparative Zoology. Annual Report of Curator of Museun:. Second Report of Wm. C. Lane, Librarian Har- vard College. Cincinnati—Cincinnati Society of Nat. Hist., Journal, vol. XIX., Nos. 7 and 8. Chicago—Field Columbian Museum—Botanical Series, publica- tion 48, vol. I No. 6; do. 50, vol. II., No. 2; Index to vol. I., Nos. 1 to 17; Zoological Series, publica- ‘tion 45, vol. II.; do. 47, vol. III., parts 2 and 3; Anthropological Series, publication 51, vol. II., No. 4; Geological Series, publication 53, vol. I., No. 8, Report Series, publication 52, vol. I., No. 6. Academy of Science—The Mollusca of the Chicago _ Area: The Pelecypoda. Granville—Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, Bulle- tin, vol. XI., art. 10, pp. 240 to 264. Lawrence—Kansas University, Quarterly, vol. I., No. 2; Bulle- tin, vol I., Nos. 3 and 4. Milwauki—Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Society, Bulletin, vol. I. (new series), Nos. 3 and 4. New York—New York Academy of Sciences, Annals, vol. XIIL., parts 2 and 3. Public Library (Astor, Lennox, and Tilden Founda- tion), Bulletin, vol. I'V., Nos. 10, 11; and 12; do.; ‘vol. 'V., Nos: 1 and’. to 9! Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, vol. L., No.al:. , Philadelphia— Academy of Nat. Sciences, Proceedings, parts 2 and 3, 1900; vol. LIII., part 1, 1901. —_—_———— Zoological Society, 28th Annual Report. ‘t+ American Philosophical Society, Proceedings, Memorial vol., No. 1; do., vol. XXXIX., No. 162; Report of Brinton Memorial Meeting. 177 San Francisco—Californian Academy of Sciences, Zoology (3rd series), vol. II., Nos. 1 to 5; Geology (3rd series), vol. I., Nos. 7to9; Math. Phys. (3rd series), vol. I., Nos. 5 to7 ; Botany, vol. I, No 10; ditto. 3rd series. vol. IIJ., Nos. 1 to2; Occasional Papers, VII. St. Bie *Aceidemy of Science, vol. [X., Nos. 1 to 12 ; ditto. X., Nos. 1 to 8. Urbana—Lllinois State Laboratory of Nat. Hist. Bulletin, vol. V., arts. XI. and XII. Seiiiaston Twentieth Annual Report, parts 2 to 5 and7; Mono- graphs XX XIX. and XL., Bulletin of the U.S. G. Survey, Nos. 163 to 176, Map of Alaska ; Preliminary Report on the Cape Nome Gold Region, Alaska. -__________— Geologic Atlas of the United States, folios 38 to (ae ——_———---— 183 Topographic and Land Classification Sheets. —_—-—-——— Department of Agriculture, North American Fauna, Nos. 16, 18, and 19. Yearbook of U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1900 ; Bulletin, No. 14 (Biol.). Smithsonian Institution—Annual Report Board Regents year ending 30th June, 1898. Seven- teenth Annual Report of Bureau of American Ethnology, 1895-6, parts 1 and 2; 18th do., 1896-7, part 1. Bulletin of the U.S. Nat. Hist. Museum, No. 47. Washington Academy of Science, Proceedings, vol. L, pp. 1 to 14; do. II., pp. 247 to 676 ; * do. III., pp. 1 to 370. —__________ U.S.A. Board of Geographic Names, second report, second edition. Worcester—South Africa: Causes of the War. LIST OF FELLOWS, MEMBERS, &c. NovEmMeBER, 19@1. Those marked (F) were present at the first meeting when the Society was founded. Those marked (L) are Life Fellows. Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers published in the Society’s- Transactions. Any changes in the addresses should be notified to:'the Secretary. Date of Election, 1893. 1897. 1888. HONORARY FELLOWS. *CossMAN, M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris. *Davip, T. W. Epcewortu, B.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., Prof. of Geology, Sydney University. *DENNANT, JOHN, F.G.S., F.C.S., Inspector of Schools, Camberwell,. Victoria. } Euuery, R. L. J., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer, The Observatory, Melbourne, Victoria. *ETHERIDGE, ROBERT, Director of the Australian Museum of New: South Wales, Sydney. GREGORIO, MARQuis DE, Palermo, Sicily. Hott, H. M., Hobart, Tasmania. *MAIDEN, J. H., F.L.S., F.C.8., Director Botanic Gardens, Sydney, N.S. Wales. ; *Meyrick, E. T., B.A., Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wiltshire, England. RussELL, H. C., B.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer, Sydney, N.S. Wales. *Wirson, J. T., M.D., Prof. of Anatomy, Sydney University. CoRRESPONDING MEMBERS.. BaiLey, F.M., F.L.S., Colonial Botanist, Brisbane, Queensland. . *Cioup, T. C., F.C.S., Manager Wallaroo Smelting*Works, South Australia. . *Fornscur, Paut, Inspector of Police, Palmerston, Northern Terri- tory, Australia. . *McKiuuop, Rev. Davin, Daley River Mission, N.T., Australia. Niconay, Rev. C. G., Fremantle, Western Australia.. . *STIRLING, JAs., Government Geologist, Victoria.. . *Srretrron, W. G., Palmerston, N.T., Australia.. FELLOWS. Anaas, J. H., Adelaide, S.A. . *“AsHBpy, Epwin, Adelaide, S.A. . *BepNALL, W. T., Adelaide, S.A. . *BLAcKBURN, Rev. Tuomas, B.A., Woodville, S.A. . *Brace, W. H., M.A., Professor of Mathematics University of Adelaide. . *Brown, H. Y. L., F.G.8., Government Geologist, S. A. Brow nk, L. G., Adelaide, S.A. Browne, T. L., Adelaide, 8.A. . *Brownek, J, Harris, North Adelaide. 179 Broumuitt, Rosprt, M.R.C.S., Gilberton. . “CLELAND, W. L., M.B., Ch. M., J.P., Colonial Surgeon, Resident Medical Officer Parkside Lunatic Asylum, Lecturer in Materia Medica University of Adelaide, Parkside, S.A. CLELAND, JoHN B., M.B., Ch.B, Pathologist Prince Alfred’s Hos- pital, Sydney, N.S.W. . (L) Cooks, E., Commissioner of Audit, Adelaide, S.A. Cookr, JoHn H., Adelaide, S.A. . *Drxon, SAMUEL, Adelaide, S.A. Drummonp, J. H. G., M. Dey Pangarinda, 7 aa DuDLry, URrAn, White Rock S. M., Drake, N.S . *Easr, a J.,; FG. S., 3, Parade, Norwood. FERGUSSON, ANDREW, Agricultural School, Adelaide. Friemine, Davin, Adelaide, S.A. Fow Ler, WiiurAM, Melton, Yorke Peninsula, S.A. Fraser, J. C., Adelaide, S.A. . *GoypER, GrorcE, F.C.S., Government Analyst, South Australia. Grassy, W. C., F.L.S.; Adelaide, S.A. GREENWAY, Tuomas J., East Adelaide. Hawker, E. W., F.G.S., Adelaide. . *Hieciy, A. J., Assistant Lecturer Chemistry, University, Adelaide. . “Houtze, Maurice, F.L.S., Director Botanic Gardens, Adelaide, S.A. 3. *Howcuinx, Water, F.G.S., Lecturer on Geology, The University, Adelaide. Hasuiam, J. A., B.Sc., Registrar of the School of Mines and Indus- tries, Adelaide. JAMES, THomas, M.R.C.S., Moonta, S.A. JouNcocok, Cuas. F., Wilmington, S.A. . (F) Kay, Ropert, General Director and Secretary South Australian Public Library, Museum, &c., Adelaide, South Australia. KLEEMAN, RicHARD, University, Adelaide, S.A. -. *Kocu, Max, Port Pirie, S.A. Lennon, A. A., M.D., Lond., M.R.C.S., Lecturer on Forensic Medicine and on Chemical Medicine, University of Adelaide ; Honorary Physician Children’s rospital, Adelaide, S.A. Luioyp, J. S., Adelaide, S.A . “Lea, A. M., Government Entomologist, Hobart, Tasinania. . *Lower, O. B., F.Ent.S. Lond., Broken Hill, N.S. Wales. Mayo, Grorce G., C.E., Adelaide, S.A. MOLINEDs, A., F. L.S., Secretary Agricultural Bureau, Adelaide, S.A. . “Morean, A. M., M.B., Ch.B., Adelaide, S.A. Mounton, H. S., Adelaide, S.A. . (L) Mocrray, Hox. Davip, Adelaide, S.A. . “PARKER, ‘’HomAS, C.E., Rockhampton, Queensland. Puituiprs, W. H., Adelaide, S.A. Poor, W. B., Adelaide, S.A. *PRIESTLEY, p H., Parkside, S.A. . *RENNIE, EDWARD ‘H M.A., D.Sc., London, F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry University of Adelaide, S.A. . *Rurr, WALTER, Chief Assistant Engineer, Adelaide, S.A. SELWAY, W. H., Adelaide, S.A. Srmson, ’ AUGUSTUS, Launceston, Tasmania. SMEATON, THomas D., Blakiston, Littlehampton, S.A. SMEATON, STIRLING, B.A., C.E., Adelaide, 8.A. SmirH, Ropert Barr, Adelaide, S.A. 1881. 1886. 1897. 1894. 1889. 1878. 1883. 1878. 1859. 1886. 1901. 1901. 180 *STIRLING, Epwarp C., C.M.G.,.M.A., M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.S., Professor of Physiology University of Adelaide, Honorary Director South Australian Museum, Adelaide, 8.A. *Terper, J. G. O., F.L.S., Entomologist South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Ss. A. *Torr, W. G., LL: D., M.A., B.C.L., Way College, Adelaide, S.A. * TURNER, A. i] EFFERIS, M.D., Brisbane, Queensland. VARDON, Hon. JoseruH, M.L.CU., J.P., Adelaide, S.A. *“Verco, JosepH C., M.D., F.R.C.S., Lecturer on the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Therapeutics University of Adelaide, S.A. Watnwaeicut, K. H., B.Sc. Lond.. St. Peter’s College, S.A. Warez, W. L., J.P., ‘Adelaide, S.A. Way, Rr. ‘Hon. Sir SAMUEL, Bart., D.C.L., Chief Justice and Lieutenant-Governor of South Australia, Adelaide, S.A. *Z1ETZ, A. C., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Assistant-Director South Australian Museum, Adelaide, S.A. ASSOCIATES. *BaSEDOW, HERBERT, University, Adelaide, S.A. Cotuison, Epitx, B.Sc., Adelaide, S.A, 181 mob to EN DICE SS. FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE Ropal Society of South Australia. EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE, For THE YEAR ENDING 30TH SEPTEMBER, 1901. Evening Meetings.—Hight evening meetings have been held, at which the following papers, &c., have been read by the under- mentioned authors :— 1900. Oct. 16—‘ Colour in the Lower Animals,” J. Aitken. ‘ Notes on the Method of Fertilization of various Flowers,” T. D. Smeaton. Nov. 20—* Practical Demonstration in Rock Sectioning,” E. J. Bradley. 1901. April 16-——“ Notes on a Northern Trip,” S. Smeaton, B.A. May 21—“‘ Observations on the Boys’ Field Club Easter Excur- sion at Normanville,” R. J. Clucas. June 18—“ Botanical Notes” (Teratology—-Weather Forecasts by Plants—Diseases in Plants), T. D. Smeaton. July 23—“ The Roots of Plants—their Arrangement, Structure, and Function,” E. Ashby. Aug. 20—“ Natural History Features of Lorne (Victoria),” W. H. Selway. ‘Insects and Entomology,” J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S. Sept. 17—Chairman’s Address (Annual Meeting), ‘The Flowers of Plants,” S. Smeaton, B.A. The attendance at these meetings, while not quite equal to that of last session, has been well up to the average of recent years. The course of papers on ‘Structural Botany,” commenced last session, has been continued this year, when the roots and the flower have been dealt with. Besides botany, other widely 182 differing topics have been brought before themembers, such as colour in the lower animals, conchology, entomology, and rock sectioning. The exhibits at these meetings have, as usual, been varied and interesting—birds, shells, plants, and insects forming the greater proportion. Amongst the exhibits may be mentioned the rare shell, Acanthochites Matthewsi, from Marino, and the local one, Adamsia Adelaide, from North Arm; the scale insect, which produces the manna found on Eucalypts; birds and plants from Nackara, not to be found near Adelaide; and beetles from various parts of the world. At one meeting it was mentioned that practical observations showed that the garden flowers, Kennedya nigricans and Clianthus puniceus were probably fer- tilised by the agency of birds. Excursions.—Twelve excursions have been held during the year, of which the following is a list :— 1900. Locality. Oct. 13—River Sturt, from Blackwood to Darlington. Oct. 27—Aldgate. Nov. 12 (whole day)—Highercombe. Nov. 24—-Upper Sturt. Dec, 8—National Park (Long Gully). 1901. Apr. 27—North Arm (by land, via Torrens Koad). May 25—(Henley Beach fixed, but not held, owing to wet weather). ; June 22—-Henley Beach. July 20—Black Hill. Aug. 17—Paradise and Hope Valley Reservoir. Sept. 2 (whole day)—Barossa Waterworks. Sept. 14—Montacute. Sept. 28—-Bridgewater. The foregoing list includes two 'whole-day excursions, and embraces some fresh localities. The longest trips were those to the country between Highercombe and the River Torrens (near its junction with Kangaroo Creek), and the Barossa Waterworks, both places being visited for the first time by the section. The walk down the River Sturt between Blackwood and Darlington took in some of the scene of Mr. W. Howchin’s recent investigations in regard to the interesting Cambrian Glacial Age discoveries. In this connection it may be mentioned that in the Section’s Reports for 1893-4 it is recorded that rock formation noticed at an excursion to the River Sturt on May 12th, 1894, were ascribed by Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, F.L.S., to the Pre-Cam- brian age, and special reference to the specimens then collected was made at the next evening meeting--May 15th, 1894. I&3 Not many plants prievously unrecorded by the Section have been found during the year’s excursions, but Adriana quadri- partita, from River Sturt, and Lriostemon difformis, from Barossa, have not hitherto been included in the reports. An example of double flowers of Hpacris impressa (a rare occurrence) was recorded from near Aldgate. The section was indebted to Mr. H. J. Armitage, of Houghton ; Mr. W. Goodwin, of Higher- combe; Mr. O. E. Menzel and friends, of Aldgate; Mr. C. Curnow, of Montacute; and to Messrs. O. H. Rogers and R. Caldwell, of the Barossa Waterworks staff, for assistance in con- nection with excursions; whilst the members were again placed under obligation to Sir Josiah and Lady Symon for their hos- pitality in entertaining the party at Upper Sturt. One excursion only had to be abandoned on account of inclement weather, although on other occasions rain somewhat interfered with the success of the outings. With these exceptions, the attendance has been well maintained. The usual dredging trip was omitted this year, but it is intended to arrange one early in the forth- coming summer. Native Fauna and Flora Protection A separate report from this Committee shows that during the year under review the Birds Protection Act was passed by Parliament. Library.—The Library started last year in connection with the Section has had several additions made to it this session through the kindness of members and friends. Financiai.—The receipts from subscriptions have again con- siderably exceeded the disbursements, but there has been no unusual outlay to make demands upon the funds. The subscrip- tions, which have been handed to the Royal Society, total £15, while the payments amount to £9 8s. 6d. The Royal Society’s. grant for the year is £10. Membership.—Fresh accessions to the roll of membership have been made during the year, but your Committee would be pleased to see a greater number availing themselves of the privi- leges offered. by the Section. The number now on the roll is 85. S. Smeaton, Chairman. W. H. Setwav, Hon. Sec. Adelaide, 16th September, 1901. 184 THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIVE FAUNA AND FLORA PROTECTION COMMITTEE OF THE FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA; PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SECTION ON l7tH SEPTEMBER, 1901. Though it has not been thought necessary to call the Commit- tee together, the efforts of individual members during the past year have not been altogether unsuccessful in furthering the objects for which it was formed The Birds Protection Bill has been passed with some of the amendments suggested by us, others being unfortunately rejected. Our great object has, however, been attained in getting a number of species of birds protected during the whole year. The Com- missioner of Crown Lands has issued placards containing lists of the birds which may not at any time be killed, of those protected during different periods of the year, and of those not protected ;. and we have been assured that steps will be taken by the authorities to enforce the observance of the provisions of the Act. Recently a motion was tabled in Parliament for the purpose of transferring seagulls from the protected to the unprotected list, and being unsuccessful in his efforts to see the mover, steps were taken by the Secretary to call the attention of members of the Assembly to the facts of the case. Letters from several persons combating the proposal were published in the Fegister, the result being that the member who was taking action asked that the motion should be read and discharged. Attempts on the part of farmers to obtain perpetual leases of forest lands at Wirrabara have again taken place in the past year, and the Secretary has written several letters to the Register, which he has reason to believe have in some degree helped to prevent the granting of such leases, with the consequent destruc- tion of the portions of the forests proposed to be leased. With great regret we have to record the death of one of our members, Mr. Charles White, who for several years has taken great interest in the work of the Committee, more especially in that relating to the protection of birds. SamuEL Dixon, Chairman. M. Symonps Crark, Hon. Secretary. Adelaide, 16th September, 1901. ‘aBansveiy, pus Aiwgaioag ‘uo ‘AVMTUS ‘H ‘'M ¢ Fl O&F 1s 9° °° $s > 0 O I i "< 9 $8 6 & Oo i‘ nad | UC aan ‘< 0 9L& ‘ay R SE Se, ae oe # Pps F ay) — —S —— ae = "* puvy ul souvyeg ,, Aqa1009 jshoy 0} J9AO pred “vayuoo aed se ‘suordiiosquy ,, = BALIpUNG ,, aourpudyty ,, sasvysog ,, saynuig Ag ‘SLNANASU ASIC] ¢ V1 0&F 0 0 UI 0 O I ¢ ‘7Lg Pp 8S ‘TO61 ‘aaquiegdag y3)1 ‘eprepapy : ‘dAOTI 'S Ipuy } SOuPNY [TIGSSNd “AN ‘qoa1100 Puno] puy payipry Aqaog [eAoy wos quBay ,, oe ES "* guondiiosqng ,, . PABAMLOZ FYUSNOIG vouryry OF, ‘'SLAIMOMY “ad ‘106L-0061 AVIA AHL HOA SENAWASHOUSI(, ANV SidIaoay WFLA LOLI OOOO Oe ™ ‘VIIVULSNV HLOAOS JO ALHIOOS IVAOU WHL JO NOLLOWS SLSTIVYUNLYN @TaW 186 GENERAL. INDEX. {Generic and specific names, printed in italics, are described as new. | Acalles rubetra, 31. Acanthochites granulosus, 139 ; Acanthochiton, 144. Acompsia epileuca, 94 Adelotopus bimaculatus, 113; credverrimus, 19 5; micans, 18; Tasmani, 18 : Agriculture and Science, 157. Amelora heleropa, 64 ; platudesma, 65. Ancita didyma, 35 ; dispar, 34. Annual Meeting, 152. Annual Report, 154. Anodontonyx languida, 21 ; Antiporus collaris, 124. _Aragonite, stalagmitic in old mine, 151. rostratus, 140, nigrolineata, 21. Ashby, Edwin, Birds collected in Western Australia, 132. Ashby, Edwin, and Torr, W. G., Eocene Polyplacophora of Victoria, 136. Asthalistis euchroa, 80. Angomela splendens, 131. Bactrolopha orthodesma, 79. Balance-sheet, 156. Basedow, Herbert, Edithburgh, 145. Bembidium Hobarti, 123; Wattsense, 123; Mastersi--see Cillenum; secalioides—see Trechodes ; victoriensis—see Tachys. Birds of Western Australia, 132, Blackburn, Rev. T., Further Notes on Aus- tralian Coleoptera, XXVIII., 15; XXIX., 99. Byrsoptera wylistis, 77. -Cacephatus sericeus, 31. OCxsyra miliozona, 93. Cambrian Glacial beds, 10, 45. «Capua leptospila, 74; panxantha, zona, 75. -Chalcopterus cribratus, 25. ‘ Chewings, Dr. Chas., Glacial beds of Cambrian Age in the Far North of 8. Australia, 45 »Chiton fossicius, 140; paucipustulosus, species, 142, 143. -Chlamydopsis comata, 129. Chlenias heleromorpha, 65. Cicindela Jungi, 15 Cillenum Mastersi, 122. »Clivina eyrensis, 113. Coleoptera, Australia, new species, 15, 99. Compsotrophia selenias, 92, ‘Corals, Australian Tertiary, 48. Corrhenes pauxilla, 48. Council, election of, 152. Crypsynarthra chrysias, 85, Cryptophaga hyalinopa, 82; panleuca, 83. Oryptorrhynchus infulatus, 30; solidus, 30. Cyclogona orthoptila, 87. Oymindis longicollis--see Xanthophwa. Demetrias rufescens--see Xanthophwa. Dennant, J., New Species of Australian Ter- tiary Corals, 48. Diabaticus australis, 17; collaris, 111; minor, 17; pauper, 111; tumidiceps, 17. Diaphonia seminigra, 22. Miocene limestone at 75 3 penta- 141; ‘ Lecanomerus obscurus, 115 Diaphoromerus victoriensis -- see Lecano- merus. Dichelopa dichroa, 76. Dineutes australis, 128 ; Gouldi, 127; rufipes, 128. Dorycnopa acroxantha, 78. Duffield, Geoffrey, Geology of Encounter Bay, &C., 152, Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, 155. Dyscharachthis brevipennis, 131. Eclipsiodes crupserythra, 67. Ectroma elegans, 107; fasciata, 108 ; fragile, 110; grave, 108; inquinata, 107; species, 105. Edithburgh, Miocene Limestone at, 145. Elasmocerus picticollis, 25, Emmiltis cosmadelpha, 66, Encounter Bay, Geology of, 152. Epidesmia ophissema, 64, Eromene ocellea, 68. Ethadomorpha clauda, 30. Euchloris fetraspila, 66. Eucryptogona trichobathra, 98, Euthyphasis funerea, 26, Fellows, List of, 178, Field Naturalists’ Section, 181. Gigadema dw, 100 ; longicolle, 101; rugaticolle, 16. Glacial beds of Cambrian Age, !9, 45, Glacial erratics in Hindmarsh Valley, Gnathaphanus Darwini, 20 Gomphoscopa catoryctopsis, 86. Goyder, G. A,, A South Australian Meteorite, 14 1015 longius, 152, Guestia actinipha, 95 ; peladelpha. 95. Gyrinus obliquatus, 127. Haplaner insulicola, 114 ; Harpalus promtus, 113, velox, 114. ' Heterobathra bimacula, 90; semnostola, 90; xviphosema, 90. Heteronyx le 22'5 splebra tas, 21 5 grandis, 22 ; hepatic us, 2 27) Hoplitica pseudotc, 85. Hormacrus minor, 115. Howchin, W., origin of the Salt Lagoons of Southern Yorke Peninsula, 1; Glacial beds of Cambrian Age, 10; the Extinct Volcanoes of Mount Gambier and Mount Schank, 54. bee aad gayndahensis, 129; scissipalpis, 128. Hydroporus collaris—see Antiporus. Hydroporus penicillatus—see Necterosoma costipenne. Ischnochiton, 142. Lacordairia angustata, 116. Lake Callabonna, Succinea from, 150. ; Victoriensis, 115. Lepidopleurus, 142. Lepidoptera, Australian, New Genera and Species, 63. Lestignathus minor, 115. Library, Donations to, 170. Lichendula ombralota, 84. Licinides—see Lacordairia. Linosticha evadelpha, 86. Lomaschiza phusophora, 69. Lorica afinis, 137; compressa, 136; species, 143. Loricella gigantea, 137. Lower, 0. eee eons of new Australian Lepidoptera, 63 Macrobathra drosera, 96. Macrogyrus fortissimus, 126 ; obliquatus, 127; opacior, 127 ; paradoxus, 127. Mandalotus crudus, 27 ; rigidus, 27 ; sterilis, 27; vetulus, 28. Maroga paragupsa, S?. Melobasis interstitialis, 130. Meteorite, a South Australian, 14. Mimodoxa druina, 97. Miocene Limestone at Edithburgh, 145. Miocene, Upland, Fossil leaf from, 149, Mount Gambier, Extinct Voleano of, 54. Mount Schank, Extinct Volcano of, 54. Native Fauna and Flora Protection Com- mittee, 184. Necterosoma costipenne, 125. Nephogenes ens, S88; perigupsa, 88 petrinodes, 89; x ipholeuca, 89. Niphona torosa—see Prosoplus Nothrodes languidus—see Perperus. Notoceresium impressiceps, 33. Notophilus letus, 114; metallicus, 115. (Ecophora fodes, 94. Oiketicus erionota, 63. Opsidota sculpticollis, 33. Pachycera catoryclopsis—see Gomphoscopa, Paropsis splendens, 131. Pauronota thermaloma, 96. Peltophora phaedropa, 92. Penthea /igrina, 37. Perperus convexipennis, 28 Phacodes modicus, 31. Philobota isozona, 93. Phicocarabus Farinuw, 112. Platynectes subzenescens, 125. Plaxiphora concentrica, 138 ; Polylopha epidesma, 71. Polyplacophora, from Eocene in Victoria, 136. Presidental Address, Promecoderus Sloanei, 19. Prosoplus torosa, 34. ; languidus, 28 gellibrandi, 139. Vardon & Pritchard, Printers, 187 Pseudolycus forridus, 26, Psorosticha acrolopha, 92. Pucnobathra achroa, 80, Pyrgotis callizuga, 69. Queen Victoria, Resolution on death of, 150, 155. Rennie, Prof. E. H., Presidental Address, 157 Rbytiphora Simsoni, 41; uniformis, 40. Salt Lagoons of Southern Yorke Peninsula, 1. Scitala languida—see Anodontonyx. Scoparia anisophragma, 67, Silopa, 2], 22, Silphomorpha dificilis, 79 ; Sorolopha cyclotoma, 74. Stenopherna chionocephala Stigmodera erubescens, Pallas, 22. Stockade, Fossil leaf from Miocene at, 14%, Succinea from Lake Callabonna, 150, Symphyletes fasciatus, 39; lentus, 38, Suntozuga psammetalla, 70, Tachys Adelaide, 122; similis, 122; trans- veraicollis, 12% ; victoriensis, 121. Taromorpha, 113. Tate, Ralp: , Resolution on the Death of, 153. Tellina Basedowiz, 148, Temnolopha mosaica, 72; metallota, 73. Thenarotes discoidalis, 115; metallicus, 115 ; minor, 115, Trachyntis argocentra, 86. Trechodes gibbipennis, 119 ; secalioides, 119. Trechus solidior, 118; subornatellus, 117; Tasmanice, 118, Trematotrochus declivis, 51; Mulderi, 52. Trigonothops flavofasciata, 104 ; 104 5 pacifica, 104. Tropideres musivus, 31. Volcanoes, ct of Mount Gambier and Mount Schank, Western Pastealin, Birds of, 182. Xanthopheea concinna, 102 ; cylindricollis, 103;,. longicollis, 104 ; rufescens, 104. Xylorycta cephalochra, 83; pentachroa, 83; tetrazona, 84. Yorke Peninsula, Salt Lagoons of, 1. Ypsolophus argonota, 81: ochroloma, 80; thanatopsis, $2. Zeuzera coscinopda, 63. Zycocera cancinna, 36 5 rufoguttata, 113, 79. , 23; guttigera, 243: Kilsoni, 50; ? longiplaga, bifasciata, 37. Gresham-street, Adelaide att : ig oF “itt + ‘ ' ae J a, b ia ; i, Cri = of \) > = VAG y DAC Q+£ ii IN 72150