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L161—40-1096
TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS
AND
foe OR TY
OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
eco. x ST
For 1898-99.
[Wita TEN PLATEs. ]
EDITED BY PROFESSOR R. TATE.
Adele :
W. C. RIGBY, 74, KING WILLIAM STREET.
DECEMBER, 1899.
Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South
Australia, from Europe and America, should be addressed
‘per W. C. Rigby, care Messrs. Thos. Meadews & Co.,
34, Milk Street, Cheapside, London.”’
Mopal Society of South Australia,
Patron :
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
Wire-Datron :
HIS EXCELLENCY LORD 'TENNYSON.
i
OFPFICHES.
[ELEcTED OcToBRR, 1899.]
President :
W. L. CLELAND, M.B.
Wice-Dresident :
PROFESSOR RALPH TATE.
(Representative Governor.)
WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G.S.
Hon. Treusurer : Hon. Secretary :
WALTER RUTT, C.E. G. G. MAYO, C.E.
atlembers of Council:
REV. THOS. BLACKBURN, B.A. PROFESSOR E. H. RENNIE
SAMUEL DIXON D.Sc., F.C.8.
26: LiNeD E. C. STIRLING, C.M.G., M.D.,
W. H. SELWAY M.A., F.B.S.
‘te
y CONTENTS.
)
i. call
by OO rte ee,
=v) ~ 3 PART I. (Issued August, 1899).
PAGE
Tepper, J. G. O.: A List of Australasian i im with some
Notes by M. René Martin.. ,
Turner, Tr. A. J. : Notes on Australian baer aoe nite a 9
BLACKBURN, Rev. T.: New Genera and Species of Australian
Coleoptera (XXV.) a ae Bs on re a2
Tate, Pror. R.: On some Tertiary Fossils of Uncertain Age from
Murray Desert (Plate I.) ... a A es aoe LOD
Howcuin, WALTER: List of Foraminifera from the Murray Desert
Beds... ae he od ips en an BLO
Dennant, J. : New Species of Corals from the Australian Tertiaries
(Part a Plates Ii. and III.) at ask Ruy hI
StrrkuivG, Dr. E. C., and A. ZieTz: On the ee of Phascolonus
gigas with Sceparnodon TAMSAY]L 123
PART II. (Issued December, 1899).
Lea, ARTHUR A. : Descriptions of Australian Curculionide tent) Daeg
HowcuHin, WALTER: Notes on the Geology of Kangaroo Island,
with special reference to Evidences of Extinct Glacial Action
(Plates IV. and V.) ee he ee sp ait alee
ZiETZ, A. : Notes on Some Fossil Reptilia from the Warburton River
near Lake Eyre ... 7 4g #8. aie boaen 208
Hieain, ALFRED J.: Notes on Melonite (Nickel-telluride) from
Wortupa, South Australia... ad Pee =: Sa ek
TaTE, Pror. R.: A Revision of the Australian Cyclostrematide and
Liotiidze (Plates VI. and VII. pars) Siete ok ore
——- ————- Contributions toa Revision of the Recent Rissoidz
of Australia (Plate VII. pars) Jee meat, | ae
———_————— Definitions of New Species of Land Shells from
South Australia (Plate VI. pars) ... 25)
—__——_———— A Revision of the Older Tertiary Mollusca of Aus-
tralia. Part I.—Palliobranchiata Pteropoda,
Scaphopoda and _ Lamellibranchiata, pars ;
(Plate VIII.) > es Se w. 274
Tepper, J. G. O.: Notes on and Description of the Male of
Coelosoma immane, Maskell and of a New Species of a Leaf-
mining Moth a as an ae S om 248
DENNANT, J.: Descriptions of New Species of Corals from the Aus-
tralian Tertiaries, Part II. (Plates IX. and X.) Sea dint) 2B)
TaTE, Pror. R.: Diagnoses of four New Species of Plants from
South Australia .., ose ee =e As at 288
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS
ANNUAL REPORT
BALANCE-SHEET
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
DonaTIONS TO LIBRARY
List oF FELLOWS
APPENDICES.
PROCEEDINGS, ANNUAL REPORT, AND BALANCE-SHEET OF THE
FreLp NATURALISTS’ SECTION
ANNUAL REPORT AND BALANCE-SHEET OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SECTION
GENERAL INDEX
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PuLaTE I.: Post-Eocene Fossils from the Murray Desert
Puates IT., III. : New Species of Older Tertiary Corals ...
PuatE IV.: Section sistas the es a Conglomerates in
Kangaroo Island 5 : ¢e bee =bh
PLATE V.: Geological Sketch-Map [Illustrating the same Occurrence
Puates VI., VII.: New Species of Recent Australian Mollusca
PuatE VIII.: New Species of Older Tertiary Mollusca
Prates [X., X.: New Species of Older Tertiary Corals
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA
Pace 45: Under Chalcopterus gracilicornis insert N.W. Australia.
Paar 48: Under C. mundus insert N. Queensland.
Pace 55: Under Emenadia difficilis znseré S. Australia.
PAGE 209: 21 lines from top, 3 and 5 lines from bottom, for unguinal read
ungual.
eS +, .%. .o
——— 9 79 0,9
A List OF THE LIBELLULID2 (DRAGON FLIES)
OF AUSTRALASIA.
By J. G. O. Tepper, F.LS., F.S.S8c., &.
WitrH ANNOTATIONS ON SOUTH AUSTRALIAN
SPECIES.
By Mons. Rene Martin.
[Read May 2, 1899.]
The Libellulide form a part of the Odonata or Pseudo-
Neuroptera. They are classed now with the Orthoptera, but
were formerly included among the Neuroptera, which they
resemble in appearance of the mature forms, but their meta-
morphosis is quite different. The Thripside, Psocide, Embide,
Termitide, Perlide, and Ephemeride embrace the remaining
families.
Very little appears to have been published hitherto in Aus-
tralia on the species of Odonata occurring endemically in this
region, excepting several. papers by Mr. W. W. Froggatt in
Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W. (vol. X., 1895-6), on the “ Termites”
or “ White Ants.” The chief reasons for this paucity are that
not only are the specimens rather difficult to capture, collect, and
preserve, but that the literature relating to the suborder is so
widely scattered in mostly foreign publications as to be almost
inaccessible for any local student. The means are therefore
lacking to learn which forms are known to occur in the district
or province, or to classify them when collected. To meet this
want to some extent this list of the most important and con-
spicuous family has been drawn up, as a preliminary step towards
a better knowledge.
Naturally the work is somewhat imperfect, it being quite
impossible for one not in possession either of all the necessary
literature or extensive collections to discriminate whether a
species appearing in various genera, under different authors, or
from dissimilar localities (or vice versa), be one and the same or
not, or whether different species have been included under
similar names. This can ultimately only be determined by
European workers to whom both literature and collections are
accessible.
The present list is chiefly based on the essays of Fr. Brauer,
published in the “ Verhandlungen der Botan. und Zool. Gesell-
2
schaft, Wien,” between 1862 and 1868, and the “ Zoological
Record” from 1868 to 1897. A few species were gleaned from
Burmeister’s ‘“ Handbuch,” 1838, and one from the British
Museum Catalogue. The dates attached refer to the earliest
notice observed in the works above cited.
The arrangement of the genera follows mainly that of Brauer’s
‘“‘ Verzeichniss” (Abh. Bot. u. Zool. Ges. 1868).
Respecting the numerical extent of the Libellulide, it may be
remarked that in 1871 Selys recorded (as known) some 1,357
species, but may have been considerably added to since. The
Australian species, of which 139 in 65 genera are listed below,
appear to be those least known; and it is hoped that this
paper may lead to a better study of the family ere rendered im-
practicable through more or less total extinction, with which all
endemic life in Australia is threatened, either directly or in-
directly. |
The Dragon-flies attract the attention of many persons, partly
on account of the large size of some, the brilliant colours of some
of the smaller, and the ceaseless graceful flight of most, and
partly through the groundless fear of injury, which produced the
vernacular name of ‘“ Horse-stingers” for them; yet they are
rarely taken by collectors. They deserve, however, serious study
on account of the important réle they act in Nature as tireless
consumers of flies, mosquitoes, and other large and small insects
wherever water more or less abounds.
The larvee and nymphs are wholly aquatic, living in fresh to
brackish stagnant pools, ponds, or morasses. Whenever practic-
able to connect them with the mature form they should be
collected also, at least the cast skin of the nymph, which the
imago leaves attached to some object on emerging. They are
very much stouter in body than the latter, move about in the
water by walking on the bottom, climbing plants, &c., and con
tribute largely to the reduction of other and more noxious
insect life.
During 1898 specimens of the South Australian Libellulidze
were sent by permission of the Board of Governors to Mons.
René Martin (Le Blane, Indre, France), a noted specialist, who
kindly identified them, and furnished the notes which are indi-
cated under each species-name by inclusion within inverted
commas (“ ”). These I have supplemented by remarks, &c.,
and the localities whence the specimens in the Museum collection
were obtained. The species hitherto recognised in South Aus-
tralia, and of which specimens are in the Museum collection, are
denoted by an asterisk.
3
SUBORDER ODONATA (PSEUDO-NEUROPTERA).
FAMILY I.—LIBELLULID i.
SuBFAMILY 1. — LIBELLUNINA.
Pantala fiavescens, Yabricious. New South Wales, Fiji, New
Caledonia, Tahiti (Brauer, 1864-8; R. Martin, 1896). The
species is widely distributed in the Old World, being met
with from Europe to Kamschatka, and reported from
Natal.
*Tramea carolina, L. Northern Territory of 8.A., New Cale-
donia, India, America (Brauer, 1864-8).
Tramea Loewi, Brauer (1866). Queensland, Ceram.
Tramea brevistyla, Brauer (1865). New South Wales.
Tramea transmarina, Brauer (1866). Fiji.
Tramea samoensis, Brauer (1866). . Samoa.
Rhyothemis (Celithemis) apicalis, Kirby. New Hebrides (Zool.
Rec., 1889).
Rhyothemis (Celithemis) chalcoptilon, Brauer. Samoa (1868).
Rhyothemis (Celithemis) pygmza, Brauer (1866-8). New Guinea.
Rhyothemis Chloé, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1894).
Rhyothemis crapula, Brawer. Fiji.
Rhyothemis graphiptera, Rambur. Queensland (Br., 1868).
Rhyothemis dispar, Brauer (1867). Fiji.
Rhyothemis princeps, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1894).
Rhyothemis resplendens, Selys. Queensland, New Guinea (Z.R.,
1878
GN ears Turneri, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1894).
Zyxomma multinervis, Carpenter. New Guinea (Z.R., 1897).
Zyxomma (Tholymis) tillarga, abr. Tahiti, Samoa, India,
Chili, Madagascar, Mauritius (Br., 1868).
Perithemis (Microthemis) Duivenbodei, Lrauer (1866). New
Guinea.
Calothemis (Orchithemis) Meyeri, Se/ys. New Guinea (Z.R.,
1878).
Neurothemis elegans, Guérin. New Guinea (Brauer, 1866).
Neurothemis fluctuans, Burmeister, 1838 ; Brauer, 1866. Pel-
Islands.
Neurothemis innominata, brauer (1867). New Guinea, Ceram.
(To this species belongs WV. diplax, Br., as a heteromorphous
form.)
Neurothemis oligoneura, Brauer (1867). North Australia.
Neurothemis oculata, Fabricius. North Australia (Brauer, 1867).
Urothemis nigrilabris, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
*Nesoxenia Libellula) braminea, abr. Australia (S.A.), India,
&c. (Brauer, 1868). Colour bright-blue when alive;
expanse of wings, 3-3} in. (75 mm.). ‘“ Un male d’Adelaide.
4
L’espéce habite les Indies orientales et lAustralie. Elle
parait étre commune dans New South Wales.” Specimens
obtained at Magill and Mount Lofty.
Nesoxenia (Libellula) cingulata, Kirby. Alu Islands (Z.R.,
1889).
Bren Wahnesi, Foerster. New Guinea (Z.R., 1897).
Trithemis festiva (infernalis), Brawer. New Guinea, India, &e.
(Brauer, 1868).
Orthemis pectoralis, Brawer (1868). Fiji, Ceram.
Nesocria Woodfordi, Kirby. Solomon Islands (Z.R., 1889).
Crocothemis (Hydronympha) servilia, Drury. Queensland,
China, India (Brauer, 1868).
Hydronympha (Orthetrum) nigrifrons, Kirby. Queensland
(Z.R., 1894). |
Brachydiplax denticauda, Brauer (1868). New Guinea.
Brachymesia australis, Kirby. Queensland (Z.R., 1889, 1894).
Diplacina smaragdina, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Libella (Hydronympha) caledonica, Brauer. Queensland (1868).
Lepthemis sabina, Drury. North-Eastern Australia, Fiji, Java,
Celebes, India, China, Japan, Philippine Islands; and some
varieties in Arabia, Syria, and Asia Minor.
Erythemis oblita, Aambur. South and Central Australia
(Brauer, 1868).
Erythemis haematodis, Burm., ( oblita, var.) .Australia (Brauer,
1868).
ie taae (Trithemis) rubra, Kirby. Australia (S.A.), New
Guinea (Z.R., 1889). Colour of male when alive bright to
dull-red, of female ochre-yellow. Expanse of wings, 14 ins.
to 24 ins. (40 to 56 mm.). Specimens from Adelaide and
Magill. “Un male. Elle habite toute Ll Australie et
probablement la New Guinea et les iles voisines.”
*Erythemis sp. Adelaide, South Australia. Wings brownish,
body stouter than that of the last, colour yellowish.
Diplax bipunctata, Brawer. Queensland, New Caledonia, Samoa
1868).
Diglax (Trithemis) trivialis, Rambur. Queensland, N. Guinea,
Fiji, Java (Brauer, 1866).
Nannodiplax rubra, Brauer. Queensland (Brauer, 1868).
Nannodiplax Finschi, Karsch. New Guinea (Z.R., 1889).
Nannophya australis, brauer. New South Wales (1865).
Nannophya (7) pygmea, Rambur. Queensland, Amboyna,
Malacca, &c. (Brauer, 1868).
Nannophya (?) exigua, Hagen. Queensland, Celebes (Brauer,
1868).
Nannodythemis australis, Karsch. Australia (Z.R., 1889).
Nannothemis (?= Nannophya) australis, Brawer. New South
Wales (1868).
5
SUBFAMILY 2.—CoRDULIN/.
Epopthalmia (Cordulia) elegans, Hagen. Australia, China, &c.
(Brauer, 1864).
popthalmia (Cordulia) australis, Hagen. Australia, Celebes
(Brauer, 1868).
Cordulia novezealandix, Brauer; (Smithii, White). New Zealand
(Brauer, 1864).
Hemicordulia aftinis, Selys. North-Western Australia (Z.R.,
1871). }
et. assimilis, Selys. Solomon Islands, Celebes (Z.R.,
1871).
le australasize, Rambur. Queensland (Brauer, 1868).
Hemicordulia fidelis, Selys. Loyalty Islands (Z.R., 1886).
*Hemicordulia intermedia, Selys. South Australia, Queensland
(Z.R., 1871).
Hemicordulia Jacksoniensis, Rambur. Australia (Brauer, 1868).
Hemicordulia noveehollandize Selys. Australia (‘).
Hemicordulia oceanica, Selys. Tahiti (Brauer, 1868).
*Hemicordulia tau, Selys. Australia (S.A. incl.) (Brauer, 1868).
“Le genre Hemicordulia, remarkable en ce que les males
ont le bord anal des ailes inferieures arrondi, comprend une
douzaine d’especes. Parmi elles, deux habitent Madagascar
et Maurice, une autre voisine les iles Seychelles. Dans
Inde, ona observe une autre espece, de méme qu’ une autre
se trouve assez communement a Java. Contes les autres
habitent les iles australes ou le grand continent Australien.
Ainsi, I’ oceanica, Selys, a eté prise 4 Taiti, assimilis, Selys,
a Celebes et dans le iles Solomon, fidelis, M’Lachlan, les iles
Loyauté, les quatre dernierés espéces ont eté trouve en
Australie.”
“Les H. australie, Rambur, et H. novehollandia, Selys,
ne portent pas sur le front une tache en forme de I (Greek
tau), tandis que H. intermedia et H. tau, Selys, a la tache
noire du front en forme de I plus on mois épais. Enfin Z.
intermedia se distingue de notre espece ‘taw’ par une bande
jaune en demi-aureau on second segment de l abdomen. Le
taille de toutes especes est a peu pres la méme.”
Epitheca (Cordulia) Grayi, Selys. New Zealand, (?) Austraha
(Z.R., 1871).
Epitheca (Cordulia) Braueri, Selys. New Zealand (Z.R., 1871).
*Synthemis eustalacta, Burmeister. South Australia, Victoria,
&e, (Brauer, 1868). A specimen from Wilmington appears
to represent another species. ‘‘ Le groupe Synthemis, recon-
naissable par ceque les espaces basilaire et median sont
reticulés avec quatre ailes, est absolument Australien et n’a
jamais été observe qu’ en Australie, ou iles Fiji et de la
N. Caledonie.”
6
“8. eustalacta a eté observé sur plusieurs points du
continent et parait assez rare partout.”
Synthemis miranda, Selys. New Caledonia (Z.R., 1871).
Synthemis macrostigma, (Hagen) Selys. Fiji (Z.R., 1871).
Synthemis Leachi, Selys. Australia (Brauer, 1868; Z.R., 1871).
Synthemis guttata, Selys. Australia (Brauer, 1868; Z.R., 1871).
Synthemis brevistyla, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1871).
Synthemis regina, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1874).
Synthemis virgula, Selys. Victoria (Z.R., 1874).
Cordulephya pygmea, Selys. Victoria (Z.R., 1871).
FAMILY II.—ASSCHNIDAL.
SUBFAMILY 1. — GOMPHINA.
* Austrogomphus Guérini, Rambur. 8S. Australia, &c., Tasmania
(Brauer, 1868).
* Austrogomphus collaris, Se/ys. Australia (Brauer, 1868).
Austrogomphus (? Hemigomphus) ochraceus, Selys. Victoria
(Z.kx., 1869);
Austrogomphus (?Hemigomphus) amphiclitus, Selys. Queens-
land (Z.R., 1873). ‘Les quatre especes qui composent
le genre Austrogomphus sont propre a lAustralie. Le
A. Guérini habite aussi la Tasmanie.”
Hemigomphus lateralis, Selys. North Australia (Z.R., 1873).
Ictinus australis, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1871).
Petalura (Diastatomma) gigantea, Leach. Australia (Brauer,
1864).
Uropetala Carovei, White. New Zealand (Burmeister, 1838 ;.
Brauer, 1864),
SUBFAMILY 2.—AXSCHNINE.
Anax guttatus, burmeister. N. Guinea, India, Java, Seychelles,
de. (R. Martin, Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, IX., p. 105).
*Hemianax (Aischna; Anax) papuensis, Burm. (congener,
Ramb.). Northern Territory, S.A. (nec Adelaide), N.S.
Wales, Queensland (Brauer, 1864). There is also one
specimen each from Blinman, S8.A., and Fremantle, W.A.
Colour, grey, with black and yellow markings; expanse,
4 ins. (95-102 mm.). Another still larger species, of which
a defective specimen is in the collection, is possibly Petalura
gigantea.
Acanthagyna subinterrupta, Rambur. New Guinea (Brauer,
1866). (Acanthagyna, Kirby, is intended to replace Gyna-
cantha, Selys, nec Rambur. )
Adschna brevistyla, Rambur. New Zealand (Brauer, 1864).
fEschna tahitensis, Brauer. Tahiti (1865).
7
* Austroeschna parvistigma, Selys. South Australia, Victoria,
N.S. Wales (Z.R., 1883). This is the largest of the
commoner of the S.A. species, resembling H. papuensis in
general aspect, and is occasionally seen in great number at
the sea coast (Ardrossan, 1880) and the vicinity of larger
expanses of water. ‘Cette espéce semble assez commune
dans les differents contreés du continent Australien, notam-
ment en Victoria et New South Wales.”
* Austroeschna (?) sp. S. Australia ; locality unknown. Colour
of all the wings clear brown; size rather larger than pre-
ceding.
FAMILY III.—AGRIONIDA.
SUBFAMILY 1.—CALOPTERYGINZ.
Hemiphlebia mirabilis, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1869).
Rhinocypha tincta, Rambur. New Guinea, Philippine Islands
(Brauer, 1866).
Diphlebia sp. Australia, ‘La subfamily Calopteryginz n’est
representeé en Australie que parle genre Diphlebia qui com-
prend une espece, et par quelque rares especes de plusieurs
autres genres. Certaines groupes de cette son famille sont
pourtant fortement représentes a Celebes et méme a la New
Guinea.”
SUBFAMILY 2.—AGRIONIN&.
Amphipteryx lestoides, Selys. Queensland (Brit. M.C., p. 654).
Archibasis (Stenobasis) occipitalis, Se/ys. New Guinea (Z.R.,
1877),
*Lestes analis, Rambur. ‘“ Egalement in South Australia et
Victoria.”
*Lestes annulosa, Selys. South Australia, Victoria (Brauer,
1864). ‘Jolie espece observeé en Victoria et 8.A., sur les
marecages.”
Lestes albicauda, McLachlan. New Guinea (Z.R., 1895).
Lestes Colensonis, White. New Zealand (Brauer, 1864).
Lestus Leda, Selys. Queensland (Brauer, 1868).
There are two or three undetermined species besides the above
in South Australia, of which specimens are in the collection from
the Lakes and Kangaroo Island.
Synlestes Weyeri, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1869).
Argiolestes obscura, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Argiolestes ornata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Argiolestes pallidistyla, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Argiolestes postnodalis, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Argia australis, Guérin. New South Wales (Brauer, 1864).
Onychargia flavovittata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R, 1878).
Onychargia rubropunctata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
8
TIschnura (Agrion) aurora, Brauer. Tahiti, Samoa (1865).
Ischnura distigma, Brauer. Queensland (1868).
Ischnura spinicauda, Brauer. Polynesia (1865).
Ischnura tahitensis, Selys. Tahiti (Z.R., 1878).
Pericnemis annulata, Brauer. Samoa (1868).
Idiocnemis bidentata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Idiocnemis inornata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Agrion eruginosum, Brauer. Queensland (1868).
Agrion cingillum, Brauer. Queensland (1868).
Agrion cingulatum, Burmeister. Australia (Handb., 823, 1838).
Agrion heterostictum, Burmeister. Australia (Handb., 820,
1838).
Telebasis ae Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Telebasis Laglazei, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Telebasis recurva, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1877).
Telebasis sobrina, Selys. New Zealand (Z.R., 1873).
Telebasis (Teinobasis) zealandica, McLachlan. New Zealand
(Z.R., 1873).
Agriocnemis exsudans, Selys. New Caledonia, Labuan, Java
(Z.R., 1877).
Agriocnemis australis, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1877).
Argiocnemis nigricans, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1877).
Argiocnemis rubescens, Selys. Queensland (Z.R., 1877).
Platysticta auriculata, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Platysticta bicornuta, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1878).
Alloneura erythroprocta, Selys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1886).
Alloneura Wallacei, Se/ys. New Guinea (Z.R., 1886).
Caconeura eburnea, Moerster. Key Islands, New Guinea (Z.R.,
1895).
Caconeura finisterree, Yoerster. New Guinea (Z.R., 1895).
Isosticta (Alloneura) spinipes, Selys. New Caledonia (Z.R.,
1885).
Xanthagrion antipodum, Selys. New Zealand (Z.R., 1878).
Xanthagrion zealandicum, Selys. New Zealand ( ? ).
Xanthagrion sp. New Zealand.
*Xanthagrion erythroneurum, Selys. South Australia, Victoria
(Z.R., 1878). This, the smallest of the S.A. species, is
remarkable for the bright red and green tints of the males,
and has been obtained at Adelaide, Goolwa, and Strathal-
byn. ‘Cette espece qui habite, Melbourne, Adelaide et un
grand nombre de points sur Je continent Australien, est
tres commune en Victoria, dans les marais et sur les etangs
en Octobre-Novembre. Les males semblent étre plus nom-
breux que les femelles; ce qui est un ces frequent chez
beaucoup d’espéeces d’ Odonates.”
“ C’est la seule espéce du genre qui soit purement Austra-
lienne, le trois autres especes habitent New Zealand.”
9
NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA.
By A. Jerreris Turner, M.D., F.E.S.
[Read May 2, 1899.]
ARCTIAD At.
The present paper is preliminary to a revision of the Australian
species belonging to this family. I take the opportunity of
making the following corrections in nomenclature :—
Tigrioides splendens, Luc. = Wonistis* entella, Cr.
Brunia repleta, Luc. = Tigriordes repleta, Luc.
Brunia intersecta, Luc. = Xylorycta porphyrinella, Walk.
(Tineina, Xyloryctide )
Sorocostia interspersa, Luc. = Mosoda interspersa, Luc
Chiriphe anguliscripta, Luc. = Goniosema anguliscripta, Luc.
Comarchis equidistans, Luc. = Chiriphe equidistans, Luc.
Comarchis obliquata, Luc. = Scaeodora obliquata, Luc.
Comarchis lunata, Luc. = Scaeodora lwnata, Luc.
Anestia inquinata, Lue. =Anestia ombrophanes, Meyr.,
var.
Spilosoma brisbanensis, Luc. = Spilosoma fuscinula, Dbid., var.
Spilosoma quinquefascia, Luc. = Spilosoma fuscinula, Dbld.
Calligenia pilcheri, Luce. = Enaemia dives, Walk.
(Tineina, Hyponomeutide )
Nudaria albida, Walk. = Phaneropseustis albida, Walk.
Nudaria obducta, Luc. = Phaneropseustis obducta, Luc.
Nudaria mollis, Luc. = Psilopepla mollis, Luc.
Nudaria macilenta, Tice. = Thallarcha macilenta, Luc.
Spilosoma frenchi, Luc. = Spilosoma erythrastis, Meyr.
Thallarcha phaedropa, Meyr. = Thallarcha phalarota, Meyr.
(female)
I have not yet been able to examine many of the species
described by Dr. Lucas, but the following are, I believe, correctly
referred :—
Scoliacma iridescens, Luc. Sorocostia mesozona, Meyr.
Scoliacma cervina, Luc. Sorocostia argentea, Luc.
Tigrioides transcripta, Luce. Mosoda venusta, Lue.
Thrypticodes xyloglypta, Meyr. Pelobrochis rava, Luc.
ifiiaasiihiaid upelate, Lue. Diphtheraspis mages Lue.
* This is, eae not a true Wonistis, according to the ‘afinition in
‘Meyrick’s Handbook.
10
TIGRIOIDES XANTHOPLEURA, 1%. Sp.
Male, 30-32 mm. Head ochreous-yellow, sometimes with «
slatey-grey bar on vertex and collar. Antenne pale-fuscous.
Thorax slatey-grey. Abdomen ochreous. J[egs slatey-grey ;
posterior tibiz and tarsi pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate,
posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hind-
margin rounded, slightly oblique; pale slatey-grey; a pale-
ochreous line along whole of costa, broadest at base, narrowing,
towards apex. Huindwings and cilia pale-ochreous-yellow.
Brisbane; several specimens in August.
TIGRIOIDES ACOSMA, 7. sp.
Male, 30 mm. Forewings with vein 2 from near.angle, 3 and
4 stalked, 5 absent, 8 and 9 out of 7, 11 anastomosing with 12.
Hindwings with 4 and 5 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from middle
of cell.
Head and thorax orange-ochreous. Antennze fuscous, towards
base pale ochreous. Abdomen grey; lower surface and tuft
orange-ochreous. Legs pale ochreous ; anterior and middle tibiz
and tarsi tinged with fuscous. Forewings elongate, somewhat
dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin some-
_ what obliquely rounded ; pale ochreous, somewhat fuscous-tinged,
without markings, cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings and cilia pale
ochreous.
Differs from most of the genus in vein 2 of forewings arising
from near angle of cell; but there is considerable variation in
the genus in the place of origin of this vein. The point men-
tioned will prove useful in distinguishing this from 7’. nana,
Walker, another unicolorous species, in which vein 2 is from
middle of cell.
Johnstone River, North Queensland ; one specimen in the col-
lection of Mr. R. H. Relton.
ZEDEA, 2. g.
Tongue present. Antenne in male filiform, shortly ciliated (two-
thirds), with scattered longer cilia. Palpi minute. Forewings
with vein 2 from two-thirds, 3 and 4 stalked, 5 absent, 3 and 9 by a
common stalked out of 7, 11 separate. Hindwings with 3 and 4
stalked, 5 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from middle of cell.
Distinguished from 7%grioides, Butler, by the absence of anasto-
mosis between veins 11 and 12 of forewings.
ADEA MONOCHROA, 2. sp.
Male and female, 17-18 mm. Head, antennz, and thorax yellow-
ochreous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish; tuft yellow-ochreous.
Legs pale fuscous ; posterior tibise and tarsi pale ochreous. Fore-
11
wings elongate, somewhat dilated, costa moderately arched, apex:
rounded, hindmargin somewhat obliquely rounded; uniform
yellow-ochreous ; cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings and cilia pale
ochreous.
This species might be easily mistaken for small specimens of
Tigrioides nana, Walker, if attention were not paid to neuration.
Brisbane ; two specimens in January and April.
CALLIGENIA SAGINAEA, 7. Sp.
Male, 20 mm. Head pale-yellowish. Antenne whitish.
Thorax pale-yellowish, with two grey spots anteriorly, and two
more on bases of patagia. Abdomen whitish. Legs ochreous-
whitish ; apical two-thirds of anterior ‘and middle tibiz fuscous.
Forewings posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex.
rounded, hindmargin very obliquely rounded, pale-yellowish,
with reticulated grey markings ; base of costa grey; a median
grey line from base to one-third, joined by two lines from costa
at one-fourth and before middle, and two from inner-margin at-
one-fourth and middle; an inwardly oblique line from costa near
apex to middle of inner-margin, connected with costa at two-
thirds ; a fine irregularly-dentate line arising with preceding to
inner-margin before anal angle ; a dot in disc at two-thirds ; cilia
yellowish. Hindwings and cilia whitish.
The type is somewhat worn.
Cairns, Queensland ; one specimen taken by Mr. C. J. Wild in
July. (Queensland Museum).
TERMESSA DIPLOGRAPHA, 7. sp.
Female, 22 mm. Head whitish ; vertex and collar yellowish.
Palpi ochreous. Antennz fuscous. Thorax ochreous-yellow,
auterior-margin blackish. Abdomen (broken). Legs ochreous;
anterior tibiz and tarsi obscurely annulated with fuscous. Fore-
wings elongate-triangular, costa gently arched, apex obtuse,
hindmargin rather oblique, scarcely rounded; light ochreous-
yellow, with dark-fuscous markings; a broad line from costa at
one-fifth, angulated beneath costa to inner-margin at one-fourth ;
a second line from costa at two-fifths to beyond middle of inner-
margin, slightly wavy in disc; a third line from costa at two-
thirds to anal angle, somewhat dilated on costa; a fine line
parallel to third from just beyond anal angle, angulated outwards
in dise at three-fourths, and ceasing abruptly; disc between third
and fourth lines partly suffused with fuscous ; a large triangular
spot on hindmargin immediately beneath apex ; cilia ochreous-
yellow, on hindmarginal spot and at anal angle fuscous. Hind-
wings light-ochreous-yellow ; a broad fuscous band from costa near
hindmargin, dilated in middle, narrowing to a point at anal
angle ; cilia pale-ochreous-yellow, with a small fuscous spot below
apex.
12
Smaller than the other species of the genus. Distinguished
from 7. gratiosa, Walk., by the yellower forewings, with both
fascize completely resolved into two separate lines.
Brisbane ; one specimen.
EURODES, 1%. g.
Tongue well-developed. Palpi small, protected, terminal joint
short, obtuse. Antenne in male (unknown). Forewings with
vein 2 from two-fifths, 3 from near angle, 4 and 5 stalked, 6 and 7
stalked, 11 connected by a bar with 12. Hindwings with 3 and 4
stalked, 5 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from near angle of cell.
Among Australian genera this appears to stand isolated. The
‘separate condition of veins 8, 9, and 10 of forewing is note-
worthy.
EURODES MICROMMATA, 7%. Sp.
Female, 17 mm. Head and thorax fuscous-grey. Abdomen
whitish -ochreous, Legs pale ochreous. Forewings oblong,
strongly dilated, costa strongly arched in basal half, pare nearly
straight ; apex obtuse, hindmargin straight, rounded beneath, not
oblique ; fuscous-grey, mixed with pale ochreous ;_ apical wo.
fifths of costa ochreous ; three blackish lines ; first wavy from
costa at one-third to inner margin at two-fifths; second from
costa at three-fifths to middle of hindmargin, and continued along
margin to anal angle; third from costa at four-fifths, joining
second line; a minute orange spot in disc at two-thirds ; cilia
grey, mixed with blackish. Hindwings and cilia whitish-ochreous
Port Darwin, North Australia; one specimen. (Coll. Lyell).
PHANEROPSEOSTIS, Meyr. (MSS.).
Head with projecting scales above. Tongue well developed.
Antenne of male filiform, shortly ciliated (one-half to one).
Palpi short, appressed, loosely scaled; terminal joint short,
obtuse. Forewings with two from three-fifths, three from four-
fifths, seven and eight stalked, eight and nine stalked, ten absent,
twelve giving off three short branches to costa. Hindwings six
and seven long-stalked, eight from four-fifths.
Characterised especially by the curious branching of vein
twelve of forewings.
PHANEROPSEUSTIS ALBIDA, Walk. .
Nudaria albida, Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat., Suppl., 273; Lucas ;
Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. W., 1893.
Male and female, 16-19 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, thorax,
and abdomen white. Legs white; anterior tibie and tarsi
fuscous-tinged. Forewings oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa
strongly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ;
13
white, thinly-scaled ; markings pale-fuscous ; a blackish dot in
dise before middle, and a second beyond middle ; two fine inter-
rupted lines from costa at one-fifth and before middle, ending in
rather conspicuous dots on inner-margin, which are sometimes
confluent ; a third line from costa at two-thirds to before anal
angle, sometimes obsolete ; a fourth line from costa before apex
to hindmargin above anal angle, also sometimes obsolete; a series
of dots along hindmargin; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia
white.
Brisbane ; in September.
PHANEROPSEUSTIS OBDUCTA, Jue.
NVudaria obducta, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1893.
Maie, 18 mm. Head pale-fuscous; face and palpi whitish.
Antenne whitish. Thorax pale-fuscous, irrorated with whitish
scales. Abdomen white. Legs white; anterior pair fuscous-
tinged. Forewings oblong, not dilated, costa strongly arched at
base, thence slightly, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely
rounded ; whitish ; irrorated with fuscous scales; all margins
narrowly edged with fuscous; interrupted fuscous streaks along
veins in disc, and terminations of veins on hindmargin ; a dot in
dise at two-thirds; an ill-defined whitish fascia at one-third ; a
whitish area along hindmargin, bounded anteriorly by a well-
defined dentate line from costa at two-thirds obliquely outwards,
then bent parallel to hindmargin, ending in inner-margin at
three-fourths ; indications of a fine line posterior and parallel to
this; cilia pale-fuscous, apices whitish. Hindwings and cilia
whitish.
Brisbane.
PSILOPEPLA, 2. g.
Tongue present. Antenne, basal joint clothed with long hairs,
forming an anterior tuft; in male filiform, with short, fine cilia-
tions (two-thirds). Palpi minute. Forewings clothed with fine
hair-like scales; vein two from near middle, three from five-
sixths, five absent, eight and nine out of seven, ten running into
nine, eleven anastomosing with twelve. Hindwings six and seven
long-stalked, eight from two-fifths.
A peculiar genus, but probably allied to Phaneropseustis,
Meyr.
PsILOPEPLA MOLLIS, Lue.
Nudaria mollis, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. W., 1893.
Male, 14mm. Head whitish, suffused above with pale-fuscous.
Antenne whitish. Thorax whitish, suffused with pale-fuscous.
Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish; anterior tibiz pale-fuscous.
Forewings strongly dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched,
apex rounded, hindmargin oblique, scarcely rounded ; whitish,
14
thinly scaled ; costal edge pale-fuscous at base, a pale fuscous dot
‘in disc near base, and another on inner-margin near base, the
whole connected by a pale-ochreous suffusion ; a pale-fuscous dot
-on costa at one-third, connected by a pale ochreous suffusion, with
a pale-fuscous line to inner-margin at one-fourth; a circular
fuscous spot above middle of disc ; a pale-fuscous dot on costa at
two-thirds, connected by a pale-ochreous suffusion with a pale-
-fuscous line, which describes a strongly sigmoid curve before
ending in anal angle ; a very pale fuscous line towards hindmargin,
darker above anal angle; cilia whitish, above anal angle fuscous.
Hindwings and cilia whitish.
A delicate and prettily-marked species.
Brisbane.
SCAPHIDRIOTIS, Meyr. (MSS.).
Tongue well developed. Antennz in male finely and evenly
ciliated (one and a-half), with a dense tuft of scales on upper
surface immediately beyond basal joint. Palpi moderate, second
joint clothed with very long loose hairs, terminal joint short,
obtuse. Thorax with a posterior crest. Forewings with inner-
margin strongly folded over beneath ; vein two from two-thirds,
five absent, eight and nine out of seven. Hindwings with a
dense patch of scales on upper surface ; vein five absent, six and
seven long-stalked, eight from one-fourth.
SCAPHIDRIOTIS XYLOGRAMMA, Meyr. (MSS.).
Male, 16-17 mm. Head and palpi fuscous. Antenne whitish,
brownish tinged ; tuft whitish, but portion from which tuft
arises fuscous. Thorax fuscous ; crest whitish ; apex of patagia
dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous ; tuft whitish. Legs whitish ;
anterior pair infuscated. Forewings very elongate-triangular,
costa slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely
rounded ; whitish, thickly irrorated with brownish-fuscous scales,
which form more or less distinct markings; a line from one-
fourth of costa to one-third of inner-margin, sometimes obsolete ;
a sharply-dentate line from costa at three-fifths to before anal
angle; a dark spot below middle of disc touching ,this line ;
series of dark spots along apical-third of costa and_hind-
margin ; cilia whitish, on spots bases brownish-fuscous. Hind-
wings whitish-brown; with a densely scaled brownish-fuscous
patch above middle; cilia whitish.
Brisbane ; four specimens.
PSAPHARACIS, x. g.
Tongue well developed. Antenne in male (unknown). Palpi
moderate, slender, ascending ; terminal joint moderate, tolerably
acute. Forewings with costa very strongly arched, hindmargin
15
-excavated ; vein two from five-sixths, eight and nine out of
seven. Hindwings with three and four stalked, five absent, six
_and seven stalked, eight from one-third.
PSAPHARACIS TOXOPHORA, %. sp.
Female, 19 mm. Head palefuscous. Palpi dark-fuscous.
Antenne brown-whitish. Thorax brown-whitish. Abdomen
grey. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings
‘trapezoidal, strongly dilated beyond middle, costa at first straight,
very strongly arched beyond middle and crested on convexity,
apex acute, hindmargin excavated beneath apex, hence obliquely
rounded; brown whitish, paler towards hindmargin ; an ill-
defined whitish streak along costa to two-thirds; dark-fuscous
dots on costa at one-fifth, beyond two-fifths, three-fifths, and four
others in apical third; from second costal dot an indistinct,
very slender, much angulated, transverse line to inner-margin at
two-fifths ; from third dot a very slender line parallel to costa,
abruptly bent beneath costa at five-sixths, and continued much
angulated to before anal angle, where it forms a conspicuous
dark-fuscous spot ; a transversely oval whitish spot above middle
of disc at three-fifths; cilia brown-whitish, mixed with dark-
fuscous. Hindwings and cilia grey.
Brisbane ; one specimen taken by Mr. F. P. Dodd.
SOROCOSTIA CERRAUNIAS, 2. Sp.
Male, 15 mm. MHead whitish. Palpi (2), white irrorated
with grey. Antenne grey. Thorax whitish-grey. Abdomen
grey. Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate,
posteriorly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed,
hindmargin very obliquely rounded; whitish-grey, sparsely
scattered with blackish scales; first and second tufts blackish
anteriorly ; a narrow blackish line, outwardly curved, from costa
at one-fourth to inner-margin at one-fourth; a second similar
line, somewhat angulated, inwardly oblique, from costa at three-
fourths to inner-margin at three-fourths ; cilia grey. Hindwings
and cilia whitish.
In Meyrick’s table falls with S. paroxynta, Meyr., from which
it is distinguished by the shorter palpi, blackish tufts on fore-
wings, and other points. Examples of this and the two following
species were submitted to Mr. Meyrick, who pronounced them new.
Sydney ; two specimens in February.
SOROCOSTIA DESMOTES, 7. sp.
Male and female, 12-15 mm. Head, thorax, and antenne
pale-brownish, or whitish, irrorated with brownish scales. Palpi
(2), fuscous-brown. Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs fuscous,
16
irrorated with whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa
slightly arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin scarcely rounded,.
rather strongly oblique; whitish, irrorated with pale-brownish
and dark-fuscous scales ; three suffused fuscous spots on costa at
base, one-third, and middle ; from the second of these proceeds
an angulated, suffused line to inner-margin at one-third; a
slightly sigmoid line of dark-fuscous dots from costa at three-
fourths to before anal angle; cilia brownish, with a whitish basal
line. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey.
In Meyrick’s table falls with S. parallacta, Meyr., from which
it is distinguished by the much shorter palpi, brownish colora-
tion, and dark-fuscous spots on costa.
Brisbane ; in September, and again in January and February,
rather common, but seldom taken in good condition.
SOROCOSTIA MICROPHILA, 7. sp.
Female, 11-13mm. Headand thorax white, irrorated with blackish
scales. Antenne white, annulated with blackish. Palpi one and a
half, dark-fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs dark-fuscous, irrorated
with white. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly
arched, apex round-pointed, hindmargin very obliquely rounded ;
white, faintly ochreous-tinged, irrorated with blackish scales ;
tufts posteriorly white, anteriorly mixed with fuscous ; anterior
line very inwardly oblique, from costa at one-fourth to inner-
margin at one-fifth ; posterior line obsolete on costa, though.
otherwise conspicuous, from beneath costa at two-thirds, strongly
angulated outwards, then inwardly oblique to inner-margin
beyond middle ; a blackish dot in disc before apex ; and a series.
of black dots along hindmargin; cilia grey, irrorated with
blackish, tips whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey.
In Meyrick’s table falls with S. epicentra, Meyr., from which
it may be distinguished by its much smaller size and different
form of transverse lines.
Brisbane; three specimens.
URABA LEUCOSPILA, 7. sp.
Male, 16 mm.; female, 22 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous..
Antenne whitish. Thorax white; with some fuscous scales.
Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous, mixed with whitish. Forewings
triangular, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin
almost straight, rather oblique ; fuscous (in female pale-fuscous),
with some scattered white scales; a triangular white blotch on
inner-margin from base to beyond middle, not reaching above
middle of disc ; two fine fuscous lines, much angulated, first from
costa at two-fifths to inner-margin forming outer edge of white
blotch, second from costa at three-fifths to inner-margin before.
7
anal angle ; first line edged anteriorly with white ; second edged
posteriorly with white, rather broadly in costal portion ; space
between two lines suffused with brassy-metallic scales, and with
dark-fuscous forming an indistinct median streak; three or
four minute white dots on apical two-fifths of costa : from the
second of these a very fine wavy white line proceeds to anal
angle; cilia pale-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia dark-grey ; paler
in female.
Closely allied to Uraba metallopa, Meyr., from which it may
be distinguished by the absence of basal costal metallic spot, by
the sharply-defined white blotch, which does not extend to costa,
and by the more angulated transverse lines. The male is much
smaller and darker than the female.
Brisbane ; two specimens.
SARROTHRIPA POLYCYMA, 2. sp.
Male and female, 17-22 mm. Head and palpi dark-fuscous,
irrorated with white scales. Antenne fuscous, basal joint
irrorated with white. Thorax white, irrorated with dark-
fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs white, irrorated with dark-
fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa
slightly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ;
white, thickly irrorated with grey ; with six slender, much angul-
ated, blackish transverse lines; first and second parallel, from
costa about one-fifth, becoming lost in disc; third and fourth
parallel, from costa about two-fifths, to inner-margin about
middle ; fifth and sixth parallel, describing a sigmoid curve, from
costa at four-fifths to inner-margin before anal angle; one or two
blackish dots on costa before apex ; two indistinct whitish lines
parallel to hindmargin ; a blackish line, tending to be inter-
rupted, along hindmargin ; cilia grey, mixed with white scales.
Hindwings white; at apex and along pamenein dark-grey ;
cilia white, basal half grey at apex.
Distinguished from S. exophila, Meyr., by the absence of
greenish “scales, the white hindwings, and other details.
Brisbane ; four specimens from January to April.
THRYPTICODES, Meyr. (MSS).
Tongue well-developed. Antenne in male with very short
ciliations (one-eighth), and a small tuft of hairs on upper surface
near base (absent in female). Palpi rather long (two), with
appressed scales, ascending ; terminal joint long, obtuse. Thorax
crested posteriorly. Anterior tibie densely tufted with long
hairs beneath, especially in male. Forewings with vein two from
two-thirds, eight and nine out of seven by a common stalk, ten
out of seven. Hindwings in male with a pencil of long hairs
B
18
arising from upper aspect of costa (absent in female); three, four,
and five from a common stalk, eight from middle.
Allied to Sarrothripa, Curt.
THRYPTICODES XYLOGLYPTA, Meyr.
Thrypticodes xyloglypta, (Meyr., MSS.), Lucas, Proc. Linn.
Soc., N.S.W., 1889.
The markings of forewings are variable, usually darker in the
female.
Brisbane ; in December, January, and February.
MosoDA HEMICHROA, 1%. sp.
Female, 20 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, irrorated with
whitish. Palpi and antenne fuscous. Abdomen ochreous ; tuft
dark-fuscous. Legs fuscous; posterior tibiz ochreous-whitish.
Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched, apex
rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded; fuscous thickly irrorated
with whitish scales—the absence of these gives rise to the follow-
ing markings :—An indistinct transverse line near base, a wavy
transverse line from costa at one-third to inner-margin before
middle, a third wavy line from costa at two-thirds obliquely out-
wards, then sharply bent in disc parallel to hindmargin, then bent
again inwards to before anal angle; a faint circular spot with
paler centre between two of these lines above middle of disc ; cilia
whitish, basal two-thirds barred with fuscous. Hindwings pale-
orange-ochreous ; a faint fuscous line parallel to hindmargin at
three-fourths ; a fuscous spot at apex; cilia pale-ochreous, bases
fuscous, except towards anal angle.
Gisborne, Victoria; two specimens taken in November,
received from Mr. G. Lyell.
SCAEODORA PLACOCHRYSA, %, sp.
Male, 15 mm. MHead golden-yellow. Palpi dark-fuscous.
Antenne ochreous-fuscous, in male somewhat serrate. Thorax
dark-fuscous; anterior margin and a posterior spot golden-yellow.
Abdomen blackish ; base and tuft golden-yellow. Legs golden-
yellow ; anterior and middle tibiz broadly fuscous at apex.
Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa nearly straight,
except posterior one-fourth, which is moderately arched ; apex
rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; dark-fuscous, markings
golden-yellow ; a very broad transverse fascia near base ; a large
triangular spot on costa beyond middle, nearly meeting a similar
spot on inner-margin beyond middle; a small spot on hindmargin
above anal angle ; cilia yellow, at anal angle, and middle of hind-
margin mixed with fuscous. Hindwings dark-fuscous ; basal half
golden-yellow ; cilia dark-fuscous.
Cairns, Jueensland ; one specimen taken by Mr. C. J. Wild in
January. (Queensland Museum)
19
GONIOSEMA, x. g.
Tongue well developed. Antennz in male bipectinated. Palpi
moderate, loosely scaled, somewhat ascending; terminal joint
moderate, pointed. Forewings with two from four-fifths, three
and four stalked, five absent, eight and nine out of seven, ten
absent. Hindwings with three and four stalked, six and seven
stalked, eight from middle.
A development of Chiriphe, differing in the pectinated antenne
-.and absence of vein five of forewings.
GONIOSEMA ANGULISCRIPTA, Luc.
Chiriphe anguliscripta, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1889.
THALLARCHA RHABDOPHORA, %. sp.
Male, 17 mm. Head, thorax, and antenne blackish-fuscous.
Abdomen dark-fuscous ; tuft and inferior surface golden-yellow.
Legs dark-fuscous. Forewings golden-yellow ; base dark-fuscous ;
a broad longitudinal dark-fuscous bar from base to hindmargin,
where it joins a broad dark-fuscous band along hindmargin ; cilia
dark-fuscous. Hindwings golden-yellow ; with a broad dark-
fuscous hindinarginal band.
An exceptionally distinct species.
New South Wales (?) ; one specimen. (Coll. Lyell).
THALLARCHA LEPTOGRAPHA, %. Sp.
Male, 15-16 mm. Head white; face fuscous. Palpi whitish ;
apical joint fuscous. Antenne grey; basal joints white. Thorax
dark-fuscous ; collar, apex of patagia, and a posterior spot white.
Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs whitish ; anterior pair infuscated.
Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa slightly arched, more
strongly at base and apex, apex obtuse, hindmargin obliquely
rounded ; whitish, markings fuscous ; base of costa dark-fuscous ;
a fine interrupted line, sharply angulated outwards in disc, from
costa at one-fourth to inner-margin at one-fourth; two fine
parallel wavy lines from costa before middle to inner-margin
beyond middle; traces of a fourth parallel line posterior to these;
a fifth line from costa at three-fourths to before anal angle; a
triangular spot on costa before apex ; an incomplete sixth line,
and some suffusion along hindmargin ; cilia whitish, mixed with
fuscous. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey.
Brisbane ; two specimens.
CoMARCHIS COSMIA, 2. sp.
Female, 18 mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi dark-fuscous.
Antenne ochreous-whitish. Thorax blackish-fuscous ; collar, an
anterior spot, and apex of patagia ochreous-yellow. Abdomen
dark-fuscous; three -apical segments pale-ochreous. Legs ochreous-
20
yellow; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate, costa
moderately arched, apex obtuse, hindmargin oblique, slightly
rounded; ochreous-yellow, markings dark-fuscous; a broad
oblique fascia from costa at two-fifths to inner-margin beyond
middle, tolerably straight and even-margined, somewhat narrow-
ing towards inner-margin ; a second fascia from costa at three-
fourths to anal angle, narrow on costa, broadening in disc, inter:
rupted above anal angle ; a large irregular blotch on costa before
apex, its lower angle touching hindmargin; cilia ochreous-yellow,
fuscous where subapical blotch reaches margin. Hindwing
ochreous-yellow ; a well-defined oval dark-fuscous spot in disc at
two-thirds ; two large suffused-fuscous spots on hindmargin at
apex and before anal angle; cilia ochreous-yellow, on spots
fuscous.
Brisbane ; one specimen at light in October.
CoMARCHIS CHIONEA, %. Sp.
Female, 20 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi blackish. Antenne,
basal joint white, then blackish, apical three-fourths grey.
Thorax blackish ; collar, a large anterior spot, a small posterior
spot, and apex of patagia snow-white. Abdomen ochreous-yellow.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair ochreous - yellow. Forewings
elongate, scarcely dilated, costa slightly arched, apex rounded,
hindmargin obliquely rounded; snow-white, markings dark-
fuscous ; base of costa blackish ; a broad transverse fascia from
costa before middle to inner-margin beyond middle, bifurcating
below to enclose a white spot on inner-margin, posterior limit of
this fascia is paler-fuscous; a dot on costa at three-fourths,
tending to be connected with a large spot in disc, containing a
few white scales, and connected by a fine line with anal angle ; a
large spot on costa before apex, confluent with upper portion of
discal spot, connected by a line, parallel to that just mentioned,
with anal angle; an oblong spot on hindmargin beneath apex ;
and a few scattered blackish scales on hindmargin ; cilia pale-
ochreous, on markings dark-fuscous, at apex white. Hindwings
ochreous-yellow ; a faint fuscous dot in disc (better marked on
under surface), a small fuscous spot at apex; cilia ochreous-
yellow, beneath apex fuscous.
Sydney ; one specimen taken in February on the fence of the
Botanical Gardens during a gale.
COMARCHIS MOCHLINA, %. sp.
Male, 17 mm. Head and antenne ochreous-whitish. Palpi
ochreous-fuscous. Thorax ochreous-whitish, with a fuscous band
across middle. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochre-
ous ; anterior pair infuscated. Forewings elongate, posteriorly
21
dilated, costa slightly arched, more strongly towards apex, apex
round-pointed, hindmargin obliquely-rounded ; whitish, markings
dark fuscous ; a broad transverse fascia from costa at two-fifths
to inner-margin beyond middle, broadest on costa, narrowing
towards inner-margin ; a second broad, slightly wavy fascia from
costa at four-fifths to anal angle; an elongated spot along upper
fourth of hindmargin reaching to apex; cilia whitish, below
apex and above anal angle fuscous. Hindwings whitish, with
an apical fuscous spot ; cilia whitish, beneath apex fuscous.
Brisbane ; one specimen taken at light in April by Mr. C. J.
Wild. (Queensland Museum.) :
ERRATA
in my former paper in vol. X XII. of these Transactions.
Pp. 200, 201, for Hyponomenta read Hyponomeuta ; for pawro-
centera read paurocentra.
. 202, for Stmeethis read Simacthis.
. 203, for Chorentis read Choreutis.
. 207, for beliodora read heliodora.
. 211, for conietia read coniortia.
bg bg bg
Lb
bo
FURTHER NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTERA,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND
SPECIES.
By the Rev. T. Bracksurn, B.A.
[Read May 2, 1899. ]
AN
STAPHYLINIDA.
PALDERUS.
The following two new species belong to the same section of
the genus as australis, Guér., differing from Simsoni, Blackb.,
Meyricki, Blackb., and sparsus, Fauv., by their well developed
parallel elytra, and from crwenticollis, Germ., by their subfiliform
and comparatively slender antenne. They all differ from
australis inter alia in not having in combination black legs and
testaceous mandibles ; from Adelaide, Blackb., by much smaller
size, apical ventral segments black, &c. As there are now,
including these two, nine known species of Pederus from
Australia it is perhaps desirable that a statement of their
distinctive characters should be given in tabular form as follows:
A. a at ia species, with the elytra very narrow at the base; eyes very
small.
B. Elytra closely punctulate.
C. Prothorax with strongly rounded sides,—
almost subglobular a . Meyrick, Blackb.
CC. Prothorax much more elongate in n form, its
sides not much rounded oe ... Simsoni, Blackb.
BB. Elytra sparsely punctulate . .. Sparsus, Fauv.
AA. Winged species ; elytra normal* (if otherwise, a=
the eyes not particularly small).
B. Hind body entirely rufo-testaceous ... . Adelaide, Blackb.
BB. Hind body with some or all of the segments of
dark colour (piceous or black).
C. Antenne long, robust, and apically dilated ... crwenticollis, Germ.
CC. Antenne notably more filiform and slender.
D. Mandibles testaceous.
EK. Legs black ... ~ .. australis, Gueér.
EK, Femora (except at apex) testaceous... tweedensis, Blackb.
DD. Mandibles black. ,
K. Apical part of antenne dark ... .. angulicollis, Macl.
EEK. Apical part of antennz testaceous ... Koebeli, Blackb.
P. tweedensis, sp. nov. Alatus; testaceus, capite (mandibulis
palpisque testaceis exceptis) et segmentis ventralibus
? * This provision is inserted on account of a statement of M. Fauvel that
he has seen abnormal specimens of P. cruenticollis, Germ., which are
apterous.
23
apicalibus 2 piceis vel nigris, elytris cceruleis, antennis (basi
excepta) pedibusque (femorum parte basali excepta) plus
minusve infuscatis; antennis modice elongatis, gracilibus,
apicem versus vix incrassatis; oculis sat magnis (fere ut
P. australis, Guér.); capite minus brevi minus lato; pro-
thorace subovato, postice modice angustato, lateribus vix
arcuatis, utrinque subtiliter parce punctulato; elytris quam
prothorax sublongioribus, sat fortiter sat crebre (nullo modo
confluenter) punctulatis; abdomine sat fortiter marginato,
leviter minus crebre punctulato. lLong., 3 1.
N.S. Wales; Tweed R. district (given to me by the late Mr.
Olliff).
P. Koebelei, sp. nov. Alatus, fere ut precedens (P. tweedensis)
coloratus, sed mandibulis palpisque nigris, antennarum
articulis apicalibus 2 pallide testaceis, femorum (basi summa
excepta) infuscatis; antennis modice elongatis sat gracilibus ;
oculis parvis; capite modico, postice fortiter angustato ;
prothorace angusto quam latiori manifeste longiori, utrinque
parce minus subtiliter punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis ;
elytris quam prothorax nullo modo longioribus, crebre sat
grosse punctulatis ; abdomine sat fortiter marginato, sparsim
subfortiter punctulato. Long., 24 |.
The most conspicuous character of this species is the colouring
of its antennz which have their basal three joints testaceous, the
fourth testaceous at the base only, joints five to nine nearly
black ; joints ten ana eleven very pale whitish testaceous.
N. Queensland (given to me by Mr. Koebele).
P. tenuicornis, Fauv, There seems to be very little doubt that
this is identical with P. angulicollis, Macl., of which I have
examples from Mr. Lea compared with the type. Both species
are attributed to Gayndah in Queensland, and the specimens Mr.
Lea sent agree very well with the description of Fauvel’s insect.
Sir W. Macleay’s is the older name.
P. cruenticollis, Germ. I have some specimens from W.
Australia sent to me by Mr. Lea which I take to be the apterous
form of this species referred to by M. Fauvel (Ann. Mus. Gen.,
1878, p. 516). They differ from all the other apterous Australian
Pederi known to me inter alia by their larger eyes.
PHALACRID &.
I have recently received for determination a minute beetle
(appertaining to this family) which was taken by Mr. Mitchell,
the Overseer of the Queensland Acclimatising Society, and which
that gentleman believes to prey upon the Pink Scale (Ceroplastes
rubra). I am not acquainted with the life history of any
Phalacrid, and therefore abstain from expressing an opinion as
24
to the probability of the beetle being parasitic on the scale beyond
saying that I have never myself observed any such habit in the
Phalacride. M. Lacordaire (Gen Col.) stated that he knew
nothing of the life history of the family, and IJ do not find any
reference to the subject in any of those I have seen of the (com-
paratively recent) works of M. Guillebeau on these beetles. I
therefore leave the matter to those who devote their attention to
the life history of the Coleoptera.
The species in question is an undescribed one and belongs to
{or at any rate is near) M. Guillebeau’s genus Parasemus, which
I cannot ascertain to have been diagnosed except so far as its
characters are indicated in a tabulation of certain genera of
Phalacride (Anu. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1894, pp. 280 and 281): and
unfortunately the value of the tabulation is diminished by its
containing a line ‘ 2a” without any corresponding “2b.” Ina
former paper on the Phalacride (Tr. R.S., 8.A., 1895, pp. 205,
&c.) I mentioned the difficulty of identifying Parasemus, but
referred to that genus provisionally certain Australian Phalacride
whose structure shows them to be at least nearly allied to it.
The insect described below is certainly congeneric with (at least
some of) them and therefore I place it provisionally in Parasemus.
PARASEMUS 4
P. Mitchelli, sp. nov. Sat late ovalis ; nitidus; nigro-piceus
(exemplis nonnullis pallidioribus), preesertim versus latera,
antennis pedibus et corpore subtus plus minusve brunneo-
testaceis; corpore supra fere levi; antennarum clava
3-articulata ; scutello sat parvo ; elytrorum stria subsuturali
postice sat fortiter impressa ; femoribus posticis sat fortiter,
tibiis minus fortiter (ambobus quam P. victoriensis, Blackb.
multo minus fortiter) compressis; tarsis posticis quam
anteriores 4 modice longioribus, articulo basali quam
2's breviori ; coxis intermediis inter se sat remotis ; meso-
sterno vix perspicuo; clypeo prope oculos manifeste emargin-
ato, antice rotundato ; prosterno pone coxas anticas haud
producto. Long. 31.; lat. 21.
The very small size of this insect together with the absence of
discal rows of elytral punctures renders it easy to recognise. It is
near P. obsoletus, Blackb., structurally. The second joint of the hind
tarsi is longer than the first, but not so much as twice its length.
All the tarsi are comparatively short and stout, those of the hind
legs being decidedly but not very much longer than the rest. In
my tabulation of the species I attribute provisionally to
Parasemus (Tr. R.S., S.A., 1895, p. 214), P. (2) Mitchellr will
follow discoideus, Blackb., thus—
KEK, Elytra without discal rows of punctures. Mitchelli, Blackb.
(Jueensland.
25
LAMELLICORNES.
BOLBOCERAS.
B. Terre-regine, sp. nov. Ferrugineum vel picescens; sat
nitidum ; subtus hirsutum; capite antice crebre subtilius
granulatim, inter oculos rugulose magis grosse, postice
sparsissime sat fortiter, punctulato; prothorace crebrius
perspicue sat equaliter subtiliter punctulato, puncturis
grossis (his in parte media et in maris parte declivi sparsis
vel fere carentibus) creberrime fere confluenter intermixtis ;
scutello sparsim vel obsoletius punctulato ; elytris striatis,
striis punctulatis (his et puncturis postice obsoletis), inter-
stitiis sat planis ; tibiis anticis extus fortiter 7-dentatis.
Maris clypeo (ut 5. proboscidei, Schreibers) longe ultra man-
dibulis productis, parte producta antrorsum sinuatim
gradatim angustata et ad basin lamina (hac valde elevata
superne bifida) armata; prothorace antice abrupte declivi,
spatio ante declivitatem sat lato planato subsemicirculari.
Femine clypeo haud producto antice fortiter rotundato, ad
basin lamina (hac leviter elevata superne bifida) armato ;
prothorace antice anguste minus abrupte declivi, ante
declivitatem spatio plano angusto. lLong., 9—101.; lat.,
5—54 1.
This species is distinguished from the other described Aus-
tralian species of Bolboceras except proboscidewm, Schreibers, by
the clypeus being produced like a rostrum far beyond the part
where on the underside the mandibles are inserted. It differs
from proboscideum in the elytral interstices being evidently
flatter, and the punctulate strie of the elytra becoming much
more notably obsolete near the apex. The male differs from that
of proboscidewm inter alia in the produced part of the clypeus
being not in the least downward directed at the apex and in the
erect lamina at the base of the clypeus being about equal] in
height to the length of the clypeus in front of it,—so that looked
at from the side the head (in front of the eyes) appears as a
quadrate rostrum about equal in length and height with its front
face deeply and roundly emarginate. This same part from the
same point of view also bears a considerable resemblance in out-
line to the head of a fish with its mouth widely open. The pro-
thorax of the male differs from that of proboscidewm in there
being in front of the vertical declivity a nitid almost levigate
space whose plane is at a right angle to the plane of the declivity
and which is marked off from the declivity by a very strong
furrow ; while the corresponding part in proboscideum is very
much more punctured, is itself notably declivous (though less
strongly so than the part immediately behind it) and is not
separated from the part behind it by a defined furrow.
26
The female of this insect is very close to that of proboscideum,.
differing however in the very much more obsolete sculpture of
the hind part of its elytra, in the more strongly rounded front
margin of its clypeus and in its prothorax having a flat nitid
space (similar to, but very much smaller than, that of the male)
*in front of the anterior declivity.
BL. proboscideum is so extremely variable an insect that it is
just possible that the present species is an extreme local variety
of it, but in a long series of the former I do not find a single
specimen presenting any of the characters mentioned above as
distinctive of B. Terre-regine.
Queensland ; given to me by Mr. Koebele ; also from Mr. Lea.
(Brisbane).
ANODONTONYX.
A. planiceps, Blackb. Iam informed by Mr. Jiing of Yorke’s
Peninsula that the larva of this species is extremely injurious to
wheat in his neighbourhood, eating the roots and so killing the
plants.
ISODON.
I. nasutus, Blackb. I have recently examined several female
specimens (from W. Australia) of an dsodon in the collection of
Mr. Jung which I have no doubt appertain to this species. They
differ from the (male) type in the prothoracic excavation being
reduced to a very small area (immediately behind the front
margin of the segment) which is declivous and flattened rather
than distinctly concave; in the seriate (and confused lateral)
punctures of the elytra being more defined,—though very much
feebler than in any other W. Australian Jsodon known to me ;.
and in the pygidium being much more gibbous, with its punctur-
ation much closer so as to render the surface somewhat opaque.
I should have no hesitation in identifying this insect with
I. levigatus, Burm., were it not for Burmeister’s statement that
in that species the clypeus is not produced in front (ohne
vorsprung) ; whereas in J. nasutus the clypeus is particularly
strongly produced in front. I have, however, seen so many
specimens from W. Australia of this genus without finding one
to agree with Burmeister’s description of /evigatus that I am
suspicious of a mistake in the description,—the clypeus having
possibly been broken in the type.
I. curtus, Burm. At the time when I tabulated the species of
Lsodon (Tr.R.S., 8.A., 1896, p. 237) I had not seen this one, but
have since received it from several collectors. It would stand in
my tabulation (loc. cit.) beside I, Australasia, Hope, from which
it differs inter alia by its clypeus much narrower in front, its
prothorax and pygidium very much more finely punctulate, its
head with a transverse carina in place of a tubercle, and its
much sinaller size. The elytral sculpture does not differ much.
27
I. laticollis, Burm. This is another species that I had not
seen when I tabulated Jsodon (loc. cit.). I have since received’
an example from W. Australia which differs from I. eurtus as
I. laticollis is said to do ; its clypeus is a trifle less narrowed in
front, its prothorax evidently more massive and less narrowed
anteriorly and its elytra are more regularly punctured and striate
than those of an average curtus; nevertheless I hesitate to
regard it as more than a variety of curtus, inasmuch as the differ-
ences are all of them comparatively slight and pertain to charac-
ters (the prothoracic development of the male and the linear
arrangement of the elytral sculpture) in which the Dynastides
are frequently inconstant; in respect of the latter character
I. curtus is certainly variable, as also in size.
ANOPLOGNATHOUS.
A. Macleayi, Blackb. I have recently received from Mr. Jiing
examples of this species which enable me to improve my descrip-
tion (P. L. S., N.S.W., 1891, p. 495) as it is clear that the type
was either a colour var. or (more probably) a specimen that had
been discoloured in some artificial manner. Fresh specimens are
of a uniform pale opalescent testaceous colour both above and
beneath, except the legs which have a greenish gloss in certain
lights, and the abdomen and pygidium which are coppery but
edged (and more or less suffused) with metallic green.
, ORYCTES.
O. Barbarossa, Fab. I have lately received from Mr. Price
Maurice a remarkably fine and large example of this species
taken by Mr. Maurice during one of his explorations in Northern
Australia. The specimen is accompanied by two larve which are
said to be (and evidently are) the larve of O. Barbarossa. As
there does not appear to be any published description of the
latter the following record of characters will be of interest :
Long. 33 inches; of the usual Lamellicorn type (i.e., with three
pairs of legs placed on the anterior three segments, and the apical
segments greatly dilated); colour piceous ; each dorsal segment
thickly studded with granules bearing each a short stiff bristle
and also thinly set with long fine hairs (the granules and long
hairs however becoming very sparse on the dilated apical four
segments, but becoming close again on the apical part of the last
segment) ; ventral segments (except the apical and hind part of
the penultimate) devoid of setiferous granules but thinly clothed
with long fine hairs. Head comparatively small, closely and very
rugulosely punctulate; mandibles tridentate, very powerful,
transversely strigose beneath ; the anterior seven dorsal segments:
with very strong transverse sulci.
28
BUPRESTID.
DIADOXUS.
D. Jiingt, sp. nov. Parvus; postice sat dilatatus ; supra niger,
capite (basi excepta) viridi, prothoracis lateribus et disco
(his longitudinaliter) et elytrorum maculis discoidalibus
quaternis vittaque laterali antica testaceo-viribus ; subtus
pedibusque [abdominis segmentis 2° ad apicem 3°-5° que totis
(maculis quaternis flavis exceptis) rufis, tarsisque picescen-
tibus, exceptis] viridibus ; capite rugulose punctulato ; pro-
thorace leviter transverso, sparsius punctulato; elytris
leviter striatis, striis punctulatis, interstitiis planis, apice
acuminato ; segmento ventrali apicali ad latera angulata
(parte intermedia late leviter emarginata) vel ad latera vix
angulata (parte intermedia subbisinuata) ; antennis nigris.
Long., 34-34 1. ; lat., 14-12 1.
In colour and markings this species does not differ much from
D. erythrurus, White, but it presents several structural distinc-
‘tions which certainly appear to be specific. It is very much
smaller and considerably less narrow in proportion to its length,
and its prothorax is shorter being by measurement distinctly
wider than long. I was at first disposed to think it the male of
D. erythrurus and the latter the female, but on careful examina-
tion I am satisfied that I have before me both sexes of both
species. In erythrurus the apical ventral segment is trispinose
in both sexes, the middle spine in the male (?), however, being
reduced to little more than a strong angulation of the outline ;
while in the present insect the apical ventral segment is angular
at its lateral margins (with the intermediate space feebly
emarginate in outline) in one sex, and scarcely angular laterally
(with the intermediate space feebly bisinuate) in the other sex.
Mr. Jiing informs me that the present insect and D. erythrurus
feed on different plants.
S.A., taken by Mr. Jiing on Yorke’s Peninsula.
CLERIDAi.
NATALIS.
So many alterations have taken place in the genus Natalis
since my former paper on it was published (Tr. Roy. Soc. 5.A.,
1890) that it seems now desirable to furnish an amended tabula-
lation of the species,—more particularly as the numerous speci-
mens of the genus that I have examined have led me to the con-
clusion that some of the characters made use of in the former
tabulation were not well chosen. In the following notes some
remarks on those characters will be found as well as on the
original descriptions of some of the species. It unfortunately is
29
not possible for me to place N. Blackburni, Waterh., in the
following tabulation, as I have not seen any insect that I can
identify with it and the description does not happen to mention
the characters that I rely upon for purposes of tabulation. The
species of Watalis are for the most part closely allied inter se, and
unfortunately [ cannot find any external sexual character
sufficiently conspicuous and uniform to enable the sex of a
specimen to be certainly determined at a glance. The most
workable distinction of the sexes that I have been able to find
consists in the hind tarsi in one sex (no doubt the male) being
notably longer and more slender than in the other sex ; the same
sex moreover usually has a longer and narrower prothorax, the
eyes a trifle less widely separated and (in most species) some
peculiarity of sculpture in the ventral segments. There is also
in the same sex a tendency to a lengthening of the third joint of
the antenne.
IT may add that in 1893 M. Kuwert described a Natalis from
N. Australia under the name UN. alternicostatus. I have not seen
the description, but should judge from the name that it is
extremely unlikely to be any of the new species described in this
paper.
The following tabulation contains, I believe, the names of all
the described species of Natalis except Blackburni, Waterh., and
alternicostatus, Kuwert.
*A. Disc of prothorax not closely and evenly punctulate.
B. Size about 18 1. (elytra rounded at apex) ... Titana, Thoms.
BB. Species not at the same time of great size and
with elytra rounded at apex.
C. Elytra mucronate at apex oF .. spinicornis, Blackb.
CC. Elytra rounded at apex.
D. All the elytral interstices evenly convex
throughout .. integra, Blackb.
DD. The elytral interstices not all. conspicu-
ously and evenly convex.
E. The intermediate tibiz straight or
nearly so.
F. Joints 9 and 10 of the antennz quite
strongly transverse semicostata, Blackb.
FF. Joint 10 feebly, joint 9 not, transverse lata, Waterh.
EE. The intermediate tibize quite strongly
arched.
F. Length of prothoracic sulcus not greater
than distance from its apex to apex
of prothorax.
G. Elytra with numerous fascicles of
short whitish hairs os Leai, Blackb.
GG. Elytra not variegated with whitish
fascicles... lugubris, Blackb.
*In N. longicollis the sculpture of the prothorax is intermediate between
A and AA.
a
30
FF. Length of prothoracicsulcus evidently
greater than distance from its apex
to apex of prothorax.
G. Discal depression of prothorax punc-
tured much less closely than in
the following species ... .. levicollis, Blackb.
GG. Discal depression of prothorax less
sparingly punctulate.
H. Elytral alternate interstices all
conspicuously costate except
close to base .. hirta, Blackb.
HH. Alternate elytral interstices (or
at least some of them) not
costate.
I. Ventral segments closely punc-
tured,—in males sexual sculp-
ture begins on second ventral
segment, the apical strongly
arcuately emarginate ... fasciata, Blackb.
II. Ventral segments not as in
fasciata.
J. Ventral segments very apetaely
punctulate . planipennis, Blackb.
JJ. Ventral segments less spar-
sely punctulate,—in male
sexual sculpture begins on
third ventral segment ... Jongicollis, Blackb.
.AA. Disc of prothorax closely and evenly punctulate porcata, Fab.
NV. integra, sp. nov. Sat angusta; sat elongata; minus nitida ;
pilis sat brevibus recurvis et aliis elongatis erectis vestita ;
nigra, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus ; antennis sat gracil-
ibus modice elongatis, articulis 3°—6° gradatim brevioribus,
6°—8° inter se fere equalibus, 9°—10° que inter se fere
eequalibus vix transversis, 11° quam latiori manifeste longiori;
capite crebre subrugulose punctulato ; prothorace quam
latiori vix longiori, in disco antice sparsim subtiliter
(postice,—parte mediana angusta excepta,—sat fortiter sat
crebre) punctulato, ad latera ruguloso, sulco mediano longi-
tudinali sat brevi (quam prothorax circiter triplo breviori)
antice posticeque penitus carenti impresso, ad basin quam ad
marginem anticum paullo angustiori, ante medium subcon-
stricto, pone medium utrinque sat fortiter rotundato-
dilatato; elytris cancellato-punctulatis, puncturis postice
magnitudine decrescentibus, interstitiis omnibus eequaliter
a basi ad apicem anguste carinatis ; tibiis anticis leviter,
intermediis vix, arcuatis ; femoribus posticis longissimis ;
metasterno crebrius sat fortiter, abdomine minus perspicue,
punctulatis ; tarsis posticis elongatis gracilibus.
Maris abdomine fere levi, vel potius sparsissime punctulato,
segmento 5° ad apicem truncato. Long., 61. ;' lat., 12 1.
31
This species is notable for its deep black colour and the uniform
sculpture of its elytra which consists of rows of quadrate im-
pressions (the impressions becoming gradually and continuously
smaller from base to apex) the interstices between which are
narrow, regular, and equal inter se. The type is evidently a
male. I have a second specimen taken near Adelaide which is,
no doubt, a female ; it is much larger than the type (long., 9 1.
but unfortunately its abdomen has been broken off,
S.W. Australia (Eucla).
NV. semicostata, Blackb. All the observed specimens of this
insect are, doubtless, males,—assuming that I am right in
regarding as a male character the presence of spaces on the
ventral segments conspicuous by their very close puncturation.
N. Leai, sp. nov. Minus angusta; minus elongata; minus
nitida ; pilis erectis brunneis et aliis albis (his in elytris
seriatim fasciculatis) vestita; picea, elytris rufescentibus
vel potius indeterminate rufo-marmoratis ; antennis sat
brevibus, modice robustis ; capite vermiculato - inzquali
sparsim punctulaio; prothorace in disco levi, ad latera
rugulose punctulato, sulco longitudinali profundo mediano
impresso, quam latiori vix longiori ; elytris seriatim punctu-
latis, puncturis antice magnis foveiformibus retrorsum
gradatim decrescentibus, interstitiis 5° 7° que plus minusve
carinatis; tibiis anterioribus 4 arcuatis; abdomine fere levi;
tarsis (?maris solum) sat elongatis sat gracilibus. Long., 61;
lat., 2 1. (vix).
Quite incapable of confusion with any other species on account
-of the small fascicles of short white hair with which the elytra
are ornamented. Both the specimens before me (I take them to
be two males) are somewhat rubbed so that I hesitate to state
very confidently the exact disposition of the fascicles, but as far
as I can make out they run in about four longitudinal rows,—
about 9 or 10 fascicles in each row, and are very conspicuous.
This species must bear much general resemblance to Opilo
floccosus, Schenkling, but as Herr Schenkling expressly states in
describing that insect that it has the securiform maxillary palpi
and bifid tarsal lamelle of an Opzlo, there can of course be no
more than an accidental likeness.
N.S. Wales ; taken by Mr. Lea in the Richmond R. district.
NV. lugubris, Blackb. I have recently seen examples (males) of
this species from N.W. Australia.
NV. levicollis, sp. nov. Sublata; minus elongata; minus con-
vexa ; nitida ; nigro-picea, antennis tarsisque rufescentibus,
elytris pone medium indeterminate vix manifeste rufo
fasciatis ; antennis sat elongatis minus robustis, articulis
32
3° 4° que inter se sat xequalibus ad apicem subclavatis, 5°—8°
subcylindricis (5° 4° longitudine zequali, 6°—8° paullo brevior-
ibus), 9° quam latiori vix longiori, 10° sat fortiter transverso,
11° quam 9"* vix longiori; capite crebre subtilissime punc-
tulato, puncturis paullo majoribus sparsissime intermixtis ;
prothorace quam longiori vix latiori, subtilissime sat crebre
punctulato (in disco puncturis minus subtilibus sparsissime
intermixtis), ad latera sat grosse ruguloso, sulco longitudinali
mediano (antice abbreviato) impresso, ad basin quam ad
marginem anticum paullo angustiori, ante medium subcon-
stricto, pone medium utrinque sat fortiter rotundato-
dilatato; elytris grosse cancellato - punctulatis, puncturis
postice magnitudine decrescentibus, interstitiis antice sat
elevatis (alternis ante medium _ planescentibus) ;_ tibiis
anterioribus 4 fortiter arcuatis ; abdomine eequaliter confer-
tim subtilissime (vix distincte) punctulato, puncturis
majoribus sparsissime intermixtis ; tarsis posticis sat brev-
ibus. Long., 91.5 lat., 22 1.
A darkly coloured nitid and smooth-looking species, of somewhat
robust appearance. Its most conspicuous distinctive character
consists in the very nitid dise of its prothorax, which is very
much less punctured than in most of its congeners. The type is
afemale. It is allied to dugubris I think more closely than any
other Natalis known to me, from which it may be at once dis-
tinguished (apart from characters that are possibly sexual) inter
alia by the considerably longer discal sulcus of its prothorax.
The possibility of its being the female of /ugubris is at once set
aside by the fact that its prothorax is very evidently longer and
narrower than the prothorax of the male of that species. Its
strongly curved intermediate tibie seem to forbid it being
regarded as the female of WV. lata, Waterh., as the curvature of
those tibize is certainly not a female character in any species
of which I know both sexes. WV. Mastersi, Macl., is so slightly
described that it is difficult to be sure whether it is that insect
or not. Sir W. Macleay merely mentions some differences
between his Masterst and porcata. If he referred to porcata of
either Fab. or Spinola this species cannot be Mastersi, as it is of
evidently less (not more, as Sir W. Macleay calls his Mastersz)
elongate form than either sex of either of those species.
(Jueensland.
NV. planipennis, sp. nov. (= porcata, Spinola nec Fab.) In Ann.
Mag. of N.H. (6) XIII., Mr. C. O. Waterhouse furnished the
interesting information that the type of WV. porcata, Fab., is not
the same species that Spinola called porcata, Fab., but in: his
(Mr. W.’s) opinion is likely to be identical with what Spinola
called WN. eribricollis. All authors subsequent to Spinola, I
33
believe (including myself), have followed him. Mr. Waterhouse
passes on to express the opinion that MV. porcata, Spin. =
““N. Marstersii, Casteln.” (which I take to be an erroneous render-
ing of the name Mastersii, Macl.”), but this I think very
doubtful, inasmuch as the Tasmanian species that seems fairly
certainly to be Spinola’s poycata has never occurred to me in (or
found a place in any collection I have seen from) any locality
North of Victoria, and Macleay’s insect was taken at Gayndah
in Queensland. The description of Mastersz7 is quite insufficient
for identification unless one had a specimen from Gayndah to
compare with it.
In Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., 1890, p. 125, I described a
species as WV. fasciata, from Southern Australia, which is
really very close to the Tasmanian one that Spinola called
porcata, and distinguished it especially by three characters,—
—the form of the prothorax, the carination of the elytral inter-
stices, and the puncturation of the ventral segments. Since I
described NV. fasciata I have had the opportunity of examining a
considerable number of Natales from all parts of Australia and
have found that the prothoracic distinctions referred to are not
very reliable inasmuch as the males of Natalis seem always to
have their prothorax more elongate than the females, with its
posterior dilatation more conspicuous. Nor is the carination of
the elytra an altogether satisfactory character, for although
in a series of examples of fasciato the alternate interstices
are evidently more distinct from the other interstices than
they are in the Tasmanian insect, yet undoubtedly there is a
certain variability in the degree of their prominence in both
species. But the very wide difference in the puncturation of the
ventral segments furnishes a perfectly satisfactory distinction
between fasciatu and the Tasmanian insect, and I notice another
character (indicated in the Latin diagnosis of my description but
not sufficiently emphasised) in the evidently longer and more
slender hind femora of the latter.
In the male of WV. fasciata the middle part of the second and
third ventral segments bears close asperate fine puncturation
(among which a good many evidently larger punctures are inter-
mingled) and the fifth ventral segment is widely and roundly
emarginate at the apex ; while in the same sex of porcata, Spin.
(for which I propose the name planipennis), both the finer and
less fine punctures are much less close than in fasciata and are
evenly distributed over the segments, the fifth of which is
truncate at the apex.
In the female of both these species the puncturation is evenly
distributed over the ventral segments, but in planipennis the
less fine punctures are evidently less numerous than in fasciata ;
and in both the fifth ventral segment is widely obtuse at its apex.
Cc
34
N. longicollis, Blackb. The puncturation of the disc of the
prothorax in this species (especially in the female) is notably
closer and stronger than in any other Natalis known to me
except porcata, Fab. (in which, however, it is still more closely
punctured). In fact I have some hesitation as to whether in the
tabulation it ought not to be placed with porcata rather than
with the species having the disc less closely punctured. It seems
to be somewhat intermediate. In the male the close sexual
puncturation begins on the third ventral segment.
NV. inconspicua, Blackb. I am afraid this name must drop, as
the insect on which it was founded is certainly, I think, only a
variety of wporcata, Fab., with the prothoracic puncturation
abnormally feeble. I have seen several specimens from Tasmania
apparently taken in company with typical porcata presenting the
same peculiarity. In my former tabulation I distinguished
inconspicua from porcata, Fab. (which is called by its synonym
“cribicollis, Spin.”), by its being clothed with long erect hairs,
but this is not a satisfactory distinction, as these hairs are very
easily rubbed off, and, as a fact, they are present in fresh
specimens of porcata, although the specimen of that insect before
me at the time I wrote my former paper on Natalis was without
them.
LYMEXYLONID.
LYMEXYLON.
L. Adelaide, sp. nov. Piceum, capite prothoraceque rufescenti-
bus, pedibus sordide testaceis ; capite brevi, confertim sub-
tilius punctulato; prothorace quam latiori ut 5 ad 4 longiori,
antice vix angustato, profunde canaliculato, crebre subtilius
(quam JZ. australis, Er., minus crebre minus subtiliter)
punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis, angulis posticis sat
rectis ; elytris confertim subtilissime punctulatis, lineis 4
subelevatis instructis; abdomine nitido subtiliter minus
crebre (quam J. australis, Er., multo minus crebre) punc-
tulato. Long., 6 1.; lat., 14.1.
The principal differences between this species and L. australe,
Er., are referred to above, this species being larger, more strongly
and less closely punctulate, with the prothoracic channel much
stronger, and the shape of the prothorax different. In
L. australe the sides of that segment (viewed from above) are
very straight (even tending to be slightly imewrved in front of
the middle), while in ZL. Adelaide the sides form a continuous
gentle curve from base to apex. The difference in puncturation
is quite noticeable on all parts except the elytra, on which how-
ever, the slightly elevated lines are evidently better defined in
L. Adelaide, and are four in number, there being no trace of
more than three on any example that I have seen of Z. australe.
35
‘Compared with the European JZ. navale, Linn., the present
species is very differently coloured, with more serrate antenne,
evidently stronger puncturation throughout, a much more
-elongate prothorax, which is strongly canaliculate, &c. I may say
that I am confident in my identification of Z. australe, Er., as I
took my specimens in Erickson’s locality, and they agree per-
fectly with the description.
Adelaide district; in the S.A. Museum (taken by Mr.
Jennings).
TENEBRIONIDAL.
HELEUS.
The number of species of Heleus known to inhabit Australia
is now large, and the descriptions are very scattered. In 1887
Sir W. Macleay published in the Proc. L.S., N.S.W., a synopsis
of the species then known, but he did not attempt to place their
distinctive characters in tabular form further than by dividing
them into four groups based upon the nature of the elytral
sculpture. I have recently been studying the Hele: appertain-
ing to the first of Sir W. Macleay’s groups, and believe that I
have before me all (except perhaps one doubtfully distinct
species) described up to the present time. As they are closely
allied znter se and some of them are very insufficiently described
it will be well to furnish a tabulation of them. I take the oppor-
tunity to describe two new species and to furnish some notes
on several of the older ones.
Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” of Heleus is distinguished
from the other groups by its species having elytra devoid of
pilosity and not furnished with either tubercles or continuous
cost. As some of the species have numerous granules on the
elytra it may perhaps appear that the distinction between those
and ‘‘ tubercles” is rather fine ; as a fact, however, the difference
between the granules and tubercles in respect of size is extremely
‘strong, and there are other distinctions between the group con-
taining species with granulated elytra and that whose species
have tuberculate elytra which render them very easy to dis-
tinguish. Of the former group the smallest specimen I have seen
is long., 101. (most of the species are much larger still) ; of the
latter the largest size attributed to any species is long., 7} 1.
Also, in the former group the projecting front processes of the
prothorax (with the exception of one very large species somewhat
intermediate between the first group and the. group having costze
on the elytra) are extremely broad and blunt, while in the latter
group these processes are very much narrower.
Several of the Helgi of Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” are
insufficiently described by their original authors. One of these
(H. princeps, Hope) has been redescribed by Sir W. Macleay,
36
but it is doubtful whether he had the true insect before him. I
shall therefore call this species ‘‘H. princeps, Macl. (? Hope).” I
have before me a specimen named by Sir W. Macleay
“H. intermedius, De Bréme,” which is very likely to be correctly
identified, but as there is a doubt I shall call it “A. intermedius,
Macl. (? De Bréme).” Through the kindness of Mr. Lea I have
been able to examine a specimen ticketed “C.A. (Mitchell’s
Exped.) ” which is no doubt one of those mentioned by Sir W.
Macleay (loc. cit.) as being in his epinion A. colossus, De Bréme.
I am inclined to agree with that opinion (although the specimen
is very much smaller than colossus should be,—long., 12 1.,
instead of 161.) but shall call the species “‘ H. colossus, Macl.
(2De Bréme).” I have examples before me from Central Aus-
tralia which agree very well with the description (mentioning
very conspicuous and unusual characters) of H. interioris, Macl.
(Darling R.), but as the localities are very far apart and different
in character I think the determination sufficiently uncertain to
require me to call the insect “H. interioris, Macl.?” Of
HZ. pallidus, Macl., I have an example named by its author.
H. Browni, Kirby, I do not know, but the description given by
De Bréme (that of Kirby is quite useless for identification) is so
remarkably identical with the description of intermedius as to
suggest the idea of the two being a large and a small example of
one species. The other species I have named and described
myself.
The following is a tabulated statement of the characters of the
species. A few lines of explanation however seem to be
required in respect of a character that I have adopted for dis-
tinguishing the main divisions. If a Heleus of this ‘first group”
of Sir W. Macleay be looked at from the side the nature of the
extreme margin of the prothorax will be seen to vary much
according to the species. It assumes three forms,—First, that
of an erect edging, its plane perpendicular or nearly so to the
plane of the flanks of the prosternum, and separated from the
flanks of the prosternum by a distinct carina-like rib; second, a
form differing from that just described only in the absence of the
carina-like rib, but having the line of contact between the two
planes perfectly well-defined ; third, a form in which the erect
edging is exchanged for a mere bending upward of the flanks of
the prosternum, so that there is no line of demarcation indicating
the meeting of two planes. Ina long series of Helgi examined
by me I have not found a single specimen that suggests any
doubt of the validity of the above characters. The extreme edge
of the elytra is in most species similar to that of the prothorax in
structure, except that where the prothoracic marginal edging is
of what I have called the third form, that of the elytra is of one of
the other forms.
37
A. Lateral and front face of prothorax with an abruptly erect edging like
that of the elytra.
B. The prothoracic edging opaque, strongly defined both above and
below, rarely convex, and usually rugulose.
C. The prothoracic edging not (or scarcely) narrower than that of the
elytra.
D. Elytra with distinct rows of granules.
E. Intervals between rows of elytral granules devoid (or nearly
so) of granules.
F. Sutural carina of elytra not (when
viewed from the side) straight and
parallel with the margin of the
elytra ..
G. A strongly elevated longitudinal
carina on prothorax in front of
the basal tubercle on the elytra
GG. No longitudinal carina on disc
of prothorax .. bee
FF. Sutural carina of elytra (viewed
from the side) parallel with the edge
of the lateral margin and straight in
the middle (about half) ea of its
length 4
EE. Theintervals between rows of ely tral
granules bearing many similar granules
DD. Elytra not having distinct rows of
granules
CC. The prothoracic edging much narrower
than that of the elytra.
D. Elytra with well-defined rows of granules
DD. Elytra not having defined rows of
granules. 3:
BB. The _ prothoracic edging nitid, smooth,
rarely strongly defined below, and usually
convex.
C. The prothoracic edging defined below by a
carina-like rib (as in princeps, aridus, &ce.)
CC. The prothoracic edging not defined below.
D. Dise of elytra with numerous small
obtuse granules.
EK. Elytra at their widest close to base ...
EE. Elytra at their widest very far
behind base pei
DD. Disc of elytra not granulose ‘but with
exceptionally close and conspicuous
puncturation
AA. Lateral and front face of prothorax not
having an abruptly erect edging like that of
the elytra.
B. The overlapping front processes of prothorax -
normally wide.
C. The elytral puncturation extremely fine,—
searcely distinct
CC. Elytral puncturation very distinct (about
as much so as in pallidus, Macl.)
BB, The overlapping front iat of f prothorax
very narrow , :
[(? Hope).
princeps, Macl.
aridus, Blackb.
lubricus, Blackb.
interiors, Macl. ?
ingens, Blackb.
debilis, Blackb.
[(? De Bréme).
colossus, Macl.
(? De Bréme).
intermedius, Macl.
scaphiformis, Blackb.
modicus, Blackb.
pallidus, Macl.
subseriatus, Blackb.
elongatus, Blackb.
Blackb.
brevicostatus,
38
H. princeps, Hope. Notes on this species will be found below
under the heading 4. subseriatus, sp. nov.
HI. princeps, Macl. (? Hope). This species bears considerable
resemblance to H. modicus, Blackb. It differs by the much
better defined, and seriate, discal granules of its elytra ; by the
presence of a longitudinal strongly elevated carina on its pro-
thorax in front of the basal tubercle ; by the basal tubercle being
much stouter and less spine-like ; by the erect edging of its pro-
thorax being externally opaque, rugulose, and limited below by a
carina-like rib, &e.
H. aridus, Blackb. In this species the erect edging of the
prothorax is very rugulose and distinctly limited below by a
carina-like rib.
H. lubricus, Blackb. The erect edging of the prothorax is
opaque but scarcely rugulose, limited below by a very well
defined rib.
H. interioris, Macl.? The erect edging is less opaque than in
the preceding and very asperately punctulate, limited below by a
distinct rib which however is not sharply cariniform.
H. ingens, Blackb. The erect edging is entirely opaque and
non-rugulose, not limited below by a defined rib.
Hi. debilis, Blackb. The prothoracic erect edging resembles
that of H. lubricus.
Hi. colossus, Macl. (? De Bréme). Prothoracic edging resembles
that of H. lubricus.
H. intermedius, Macl. (? De Bréme). This is the only species
known to me (of those in Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” having
an abruptly erect prothoracic edging which is subnitid, levigate-
and convex) in which the edging is limited below by a defined
-carina-like rib. The insect when immature is of a very pale
brown colour.
H. scaphiformis, sp. nov. Ovalis, postice angustatus; minus
. latus; sat nitidus; sat glaber; piceo-niger, partibus
lateralibus antennis pedibusque nonnihil rufescentibus ;
antennis sat elongatis ; prothorace (in disco) postice tuber-
culo conico armato, ad latera crebre subtilissime granulato,
externe (a latere viso) cum elytris margine retlexo ad per-
pendiculum directo (hoc in prothorace et in elytris equaliter
lato, nitido fere levi, convexo, subtus haud carina deter-
minato) instructo, processubus anticis perlatis, angulis
posticis subacutis retrorsum directis ; elytris in disco crebre-
subtilissime (vix distincte) punctulatis et granulis parvis-
obtusis confuse dispositis sat crebre ornatis, sutura carinata,
parte laterali valde reflexa, crebre distincte punctulata et
puncturis majoribus nonnullis prope discum impressa.
Long., 14—151!.; lat., 8—84 1,
39
A species of peculiar form, being narrower than any other
Heleus of this group known to me and narrowed hindward
almost from the base of the elytra, with the apex in some speci-
mens (probably males) almost acuminate. The lateral parts of
the elytra are so strongly turned up that if a specimen be looked
at from the side it will be seen that the sutural carina rises very
little (or not at all) above the lateral margins, and is, in fact,
invisible or nearly so. [n the general character of its sculpture
it is nearest I think to H. intermedius, but its elytra are much
more closely granulate than those of that species, and the
granules have much less tendency (in fact, none at all) to fall
into rows. The prothorax, too, though not narrow in compari-
son with the elytra is,—like the elytra,—narrower than in the
allied species and therefore is less transverse. I have seen only
two examples of this insect,—one from Murray Bridge in the
S.A. Museum, —one in my own collection (of doubtful locality).
This species is certainly not H. Browni, | think, as the latter is
described ‘‘ broadly ovate.”
S. Australia.
H. modicus, sp. nov. Sat late ovatus; modice nitidis; sat
glaber; piceo-niger, pedibus antennisque plus minusve
rufescentibus ; prothorace (in disco) postice tuberculo sat
acuto armato, ad latera crebre subtiliter (minus vel vix
distincte) granulato, externe (a latere viso) cum elytris
margine reflexo ad perpendiculum directo (hoc in prothorace
et in elytris sat equaliter lato, nitido, fere levi, convexo,
subtus haud carina determinato) instructo, processubus
anticis perlatis, angulis posticis sat acutis retrorsum directis ;
elytris in disco minus subtiliter sat sparsim punctulatis et
granulis parvis obtusis sparsim subseriatim ornatis, sutura
carinata, parte laterali sat fortiter reflexa, crebre (plus
minusve distincte) granulata et puncturis sat magnis prope
discum sparsius impressa. Long., 12 1.; lat., 8 1.
Rather close to H. intermedius, Macl. (? De Bréme), but less
nitid, with the lateral portions of the elytra more strongly
_ upturned (though much less strongly than in H. seaphiformis),
the erect edging of the prothorax not limited below by a carina,
the disc of the elytra punctured very evidently less finely, and
the sub-basal depression of the elytra (which is very strong in
intermedius) scarcely defined. The distinct discal puncturation
of the elytra forbids my regarding this species as_ possibly
Browni, Kirby, one of the few characters mentioned by Kirby
being “ elytra haud punctata.”
8. Australia.
H. pallidus, Macl. Fully matured specimens are of dark
colour, so that the name seems applicable only to immature.
examples.
40
H, elongatus, Blackb. Since I described this species I have
seem two more specimens (one of them a dwarf, long., 10 1.),
and I find the tendency of the discal elytral punctures to run in
strips between unpunctured intervals less marked than in the
type. The species, however, is very easily recognised by the
characters attributed to it above in the tabulation.
H, subseriatus, sp. nov. Ovatus; modice jlatus; nitidus; sat
glaber ; testaceo-brunneus, in disco parum obscurior, pro-
thoracis elytrorumque marginibus omnibus anguste nigri-
cantibus ; antennis sat elongatis; prothorace in disco postice
tuberculo conico et ante tuberculum carina brevi longi-
tudinali armato, subtilissime (puncturis nonnullis paullo
majoribus intermixtis) punctulatis, parte laterali modice
reflexo confertim subtiliter granulosa, basi sinuata, angulis
posticis minus acutis, margine haud ad_ perpendiculum
directo ; elytris in disco sparsim subtiliter confuse punc-
tulatis et 7-seriatim granulis distinctis instructis (granulis
in disci margine externo quam cetera sat majoribus),
seriel subsuturalis parte antica circiter tertia vel quarta
leviter carinata, parte laterali ut prothoracis granulata et
discum versus granulis nonnullis majoribus instructa,
sutura sat fortiter carinata, disco fortiter convexo. Long.,
15—184 1.; lat., 92—92 1.
The characters of this species that appear to me to be of
specific value are,—the comparatively light colouring with all
the margins of prothorax and elytra narrowly blackish (this is
certainly not the result of immaturity); the sculpture of the
expanded lateral portions of the prothorax and elytra (not punc-
tulate, though apparently so to a casual glance, but under a
strong lens) consisting of fine and close granulation ; the disc of
the prothorax with a well defined short longitudinal carina in
front of the basal tubercle or horn; the absence of carinze
(except the sutural one, and a short subsutural one forming the
anterior part of the first row of granules) on the dise of the
elytra; the presence of seven fairly regular rows of granules on
the disc of the elytra, the interstices being finely, sparsely, and
confusedly punctulate, and the absence of an erect edging on the
lateral margins of the prothorax. H. princeps, Hope, is not
intelligibly described and might be anything; the disc of its
elytra is said to bear ‘‘ sex punctate line elevate” and to be
sparsely impressed with ‘“ puncta atra elevata,” whatever that
may mean ; moreover the description of its colouring does not at
all agree with the present species,—which, however, is as likely
as any other known to me to be H. princeps. If “ puncta
elevata” are granules the present species may be definitely
asserted to be distinct from princeps as the disc of the elytra
4]
bears no granules except those in the series and a very small
number placed more or less out of line with them, and the
granules are emphatically not black. Among its allies with rows
of granules, H. swbseriatus is distinguished by the presence of a
short longitudinal strongly elevated carina on the prothorax in
front of the basal horn from all except princeps, Macl. (? Hope)
and eiongatus, Blackb.
W. Australia.
H. brevicostatus, Blackb. This species must be regarded as
-connecting Sir W. Macleay’s “first group” with his “third
group,” resembling the latter in the comparative narrowness of
the overlapping front processes of its prothorax and in the
rudimentary subsutural cost of its elytra being a little more
-defined and elongated than in the other species of the first group
though extremely different from the well-defined subsutural cost
of the third group. It agrees with the first group in the space
between the subsutural quasi-costz not being flattened.
CHALCOPTERUS.
‘C. puer, sp, nov. C. diffictli, Blackb., affinis; oculis inter se
magis approximatis (interspatio quam antennarum articuli
basalis longitudo subangustior1); prothorace magis crebre
punctulato, margine laterali (a latere viso) multo minus
fortiter arcuato; elytrorum puncturis seriatis postice
obsoletis, interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis; metasterno
et episternis minus subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsorum posti-
corum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti haud breviori ;
cetera ut C. difficilis, Blackb. Long., 6 1.; lat., 31.
It seems hardly necessary to repeat the numerous characters
-common to this species and C. difficilis (which are elaborated in
Pr. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, pp. 426-7); the description of C. difficilis
may be read as applying to C. puer in all respects except those
specified above. It should, however, be remembered that
where C. difficilis is compared with C. cupripennis, the insect
referred to under the latter name is cupripennis, Germ. and
Blessig, which has been shown (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 70)
not to be identical with C. cupripennis, Hope, but to be C. affinis,
Blessig. [= C. (Amarygmus) Howitti, Pasc. |
In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (P. L.S.,
N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, &e.) C. puer would fall on p. 59 besides
C. vigilans, Blackb., and proximus, Blackb., though not much
resembling them, between which the seriate punctures of its
elytra are somewhat intermediate ; it, however, differs from both
inter alia in the very evidently wider interval between its eyes,
and its considerably more nitid elytra.
Central Australia.
42
C. vividus, Blackb. I regret to find that owing to a clerical
error the description of this species contradicts one of the
characters assigned to it by its place in the tabulation, viz., the
black colour of the tarsal vestiture. The vestiture is black (as
indicated in the tabulation), although in describing the species I
wrote (by some slip of the pen that [ cannot account for) “ tarsis
subtus fulvo-setosis.” Of course it should have been “ tarsis
subtus nigro-setosis.”
C. versicolor, Blackb. In a recent re-examination of my
“ Revision of the Australian Amarygmides” I have come to the
conclusion that this speeies is not well placed in the tabulation.
If the tabulation in question be referred to (P. L.S., N.S.W.,
1893, pp. 56, &e.) it will be seen that versicolor is placed among
the species indicated under the letter ‘‘E” (on p. 56) as having
“the prothorax of normal form and sculpture,” but it would
really be more at home among those indicated under EE (on p.
61) as having the ‘‘ base of tie prothorax not more than half
again as wide as the front, front angles prominent and acute,”
although the front angles of its prothorax are not so decidedly
acute as in some others of that aggregate. It would then fall
(under GG.) along with vividus, Blackb., which might be thus
tabulated farther.
H. Prothorax strongly transverse ; its width being
toitslengthas1?tol ... : ... versicolor, Blackb.
HH. Prothorax notably less transverse.. ... vividus, Blackb.
As there is a certain sppecenren in the form of the pro-
thorax between some species which in my tabulation (P. L.S.,
N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, ke.) of Chalcopteri I placed in the aggre-
gate HE ‘(on p. 56), and some which I placed in the ag gregate
EE (on p. 61); it seems desirable here to state that ‘in those
cases the prothorax should be looked at from the side, when it
will be found that in the members of the aggregate HE the
convexity of the prothorax will appear evidently less than in the
species of the other aggregate and the lateral margins straight—
the lateral margins in the aggregate E from a similar ‘point
of view appearing distinctly arched
C. oblongus, Blackb. This is another species which in a re-
examination of my ‘ Revision of the Australian Amarygmides”’
I think might have been placed more satisfactorily than I placed
it. It is one of a very small number of species which are more:
or less intermediate between the two main groups into which I
divided the genus Chalcopterus, having feeble (but not well
marked) ocular sulci. JI placed it in the group having ocular
sulci, but it would be better placed in the other group. In fact
its ocular sulci scarcely differ from those of C. difficilis (which I
classified among those with the ocular sulci wanting, but with
43
a note that it has traces of the sulci). Placed among the species.
not having ocular sulci, C. oblongus will take its place beside
CO. placidus, Blackb., from which it differs inter alia multa in
having the seriate punctures of the elytra (as in confluens,
Blackb.) almost lost among the interstitial punctures, and the.
elytra marked with longitudinal zones of various metallic colours.
C. Iris, sp. nov. Oblongus, sat parallelus (forma fere ut
C. longuli, Blackb. vel ZLeai, Blackb. sed magis depressa),
sat nitidus; niger, elytris purpureo—et viridi—et aureo—
versicoloribus, tarsis subtus fulvo-setosis ; capite squaliter
distincte sat crebre punctulato; oculis quam antennarum
articuli basalis longitudine vix magis inter se remotis ;
sulcis ocularibus nullis ; antennis ut C. longipennis, Hope ;
prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam antice) ut 12 ad
1 latiori, crebre distincte punctulato, antice modice vix
sinuatim emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) ad
medium leviter (antice arcuatim sat fortiter) angustato, basi
media sublobata, angulis anticis fere rectis ; elytris crebre
minus subtiliter punctulatis, haud striatis, inter puncturas,
confusas puncturis quam cetere paullo majoribus (fere ut
C. confluentis, Blackb.) impressis ; prosterno medio sulcato ;.
metasterno sat distincte punctulato et oblique rugato,
episternis minus nitidis obsolete punctulatis ; abdomine
antice distincte crebre (postice obsolete) punctulato et longi-
tudinaliter rugato ; femoribus anticis subtilius punctulatis ;
tarsorum posticorum articulo basali quam ceteri conjuncti
paullo breviori. Long., 71 1. ; lat., 3% 1.
A very distinct species. In my tabulation of the species of
Chalcopterus (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, &c.), there would
be a doubt whether it should be placed under E (on p. 62)
having the prothorax normal or under EE (on p. 65) having the
prothorax nearly parellel-sided in the hinder half. If placed
under E it would stand beside velutinus, Macl. (on p. 63),—with
which, however, it is not at all closely allied,—and might be
thus distinguished from it :
Q. Seriate puncturation of elytra quite distinct ... velutinus, Macl.
OO. Seriate puncturation of ese iis ite distinct
from the interstitial ... iis, Blackb.
If placed under EE, C. Iris att seas beside C. imperialis,
Blackb., as not having the elytral interstices ‘“‘very finely” punc-
tured (though they are punctured more finely than in amperialis),
and would be distinguishable from imperialis as follows :—
I. Seriate puncturation of elytra very distinct ... wnperialis, Blackb.
II. Seriate puncturation of elytra scarcely distinct
from the interstitial aa sma ... dris, Blackb.
44
The species to which this one appears to me most nearly allied
is C. Leat, Blackb. (regarding the position of which in the genus
some remarks will be found, applying also to this insect, in
P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 80), but the exigencies of classification
remove it from the neighbourhood of that species in my tabula-
tion on account of its eyes being less widely separated from each
other.
Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. French.
C. Cresus, sp. nov. C. Mercurio, Blackh., affinis; oculis inter
se minus (vix magis quam antennarum articuli 2' longitu-
dine) remotis ; prothorace quam longiori fere duplo latiori,
distincte (sed subobsolete) punctulato, antice distincte (et
fortiter sinuatim) emarginato et minus angustato, elytris
parum distincte striatis, striis magis subtiliter punctulatis,
interstitlis parum distincte convexis ; cetera ut C. Mercurius.
Long., 64 1.; lat., 321.
Except in respect of the differences specified above the de-
scription of C. Mercurius (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 449) applies
to the present species, which in my tabulation of the species of
Chalcopterus (loc. cit. 1893, pp. 56, &c.) would stand beside
Mercurius (on page 64), and may be thus distinguished from it :—
L, Interval between eyes considerably greater than length
of 2nd antennal joint a .. Mercurius.
LL. Interval between eyes scarcely greater than length of
2nd antennal joint op : ie ... Cresus.
This species is also very near C. major, Blackb., which has the
interval between its eyes of about the same width, but differs in
its notably larger size, different colour (the elytra being much less
conspicuously tinged with purple) and different elytral sculpture,
the punctulate striz being effaced near the base, while in Cresus
the punctulate striz are continuous quite close to the base.
N.W. Australia (given to me, I believe, by Mr. J. J. Walker).
C. major, Blackb. Since I described this species (P. LS.,
N.S.W., 1892, p. 449), [ have seen some more specimens, and am
now satisfied that the type, which I mentioned as probably a
male is in reality a female. The male is somewhat smaller (the
smallest I have seen is long. 771.) with the apical ventral seg-
ment more strongly punctured than in the female and with its
surface even, while in the female there is a well marked
longitudinal concavity.
C. proditor, sp. nov. C. majori, Blackb., aftinis ; colore in
elytris viridis nonnihil purpureo-micans ; oculis inter se
manifeste magis remotis ; elytrorum interstitiis perspicue
magis convexis apicem versus fere subcostatis ; cetera ut
C. major. Long., 8—9} 1. ; lat., 4—52 1.
45
Apart from the characters mentioned above, the description
of C. major (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 449) applies to this species.
In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit., 1893,
pp. 56, &e.) C. proditor would stand beside C. major. The colour
of the elytra is difficult to describe,—it may be called “ green
with a tendency to look blue in certain lights.”
N. W. Australia (Mr. French, &c.).
C. gracilicornis, sp. nov. C. majori, Blavkb., aftinis; capite
prothoraceque nigris, elytrorum sutura aureo-micanti ; oculis.
quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine fere magis
inter se remotis ; antennis gracillimis, articulo 3° quam 1"
2™* que conjuncti multo longiori, articulis 8—11 quam mox
precedentes multo brevioribus; elytris multo magis sub-
tiliter seriatim, interstitiis paullo magis crebre magis dis-
tincte punctulatis; abdomine magis perspicue punctulatis ;
cetera ut C. major. Long., 9 1.; lat., 42 1.
Apart from the characters mentioned above, the description of
C. major (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1892, p. 449) applies to this species.
In my tabulation of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit.)
C. gracilicornis would stand beside C. major. The interval
between its eyes is perhaps a trifle wide for that aggregate, but
is notably narrower than in the aggregate containing Leaz,
similis, &e.
As the above descriptions add to Chalcopterus several species
closely allied to major and Mercurius, it seems desirable to furnish
a new tabulation of distinctive characters for the species that
now stand under “J prothorax notably less nitid than the elytra.”
(P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 64),—as follows :—
K. Width of interval between the eyes scarcely,
if at all, greater than length of second
antennal joint.
L. Size large (7?—941.). Elytral striz effaced
near base rad *? “ ae
LL. Size much smaller (about 64 1.) Elytral
striz almost reaching actual basal line of
elytra ... ee “aig oe ae
KK. Width of interval between the eyes notably
greater than length of second antennal joint
L. Antenne of average robustness.
M. Size large (8—9}$ 1.) Elytra for the most
part green, scarcely tinged with purple .... proditor, Blackb.
MM. Size much smaller (about 7 1.). Inner
half ot elytra entirely bright purple .... Mercuwrius, Blackb.
LL. Antenne very exceptionally slender .. gracilicornis, Blackb.
C. boops, sp. nov. C. oculari, Blackb., affinis; angustus,
subcyclindricus ; prothorace nigro, elytris suturam versus
viridi-micantibus ; antennis gracilibus, articulo 3° quam 1"*
2™ que conjuncti sat longiori ; prothorace quam longiori ut
major, Blackb.
Cresus, Blackb.
46
11 ad 1 latiori, minus crebre minus fortiter punctulato ;
prosterno medio haud carinato; corpore subtus magis
subtiliter punctulato ; cetera ut C. ocularis. Long., 6—7 1. ;
lat., 22—32 ].
Apart from the characters mentioned above, the description of
C’. ocularis (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 79), applies to this species,
which stands beside it in my tabulation of the species of
Chalcopterus (loc. cit., p. 64). It differs from all the hitherto
described Australian Chalcopteri except ocularis in its (all but
contiguous) eyes, and from ocularis by its different colouring,
much more slender antenne, less tranverse prothorax, &c.
W. Australia ; sent to me by Mr. French.
C. zonatus, sp. nov. C. Mercurio, Blackb., affinis; coioribus
in elytris magis vittatim dispositis ; capite inter oculos magis
perspicue punctulato ; oculis magis inter se remotis ; anten-
narum articulo 3° minus elongato ; prothorace multo magis
nitido, distincte sat crebre punctulato; elytrorum striis
antice et suturam versus quam in ceteris partibus multo
minus fortiter punctulatis, interstitiis paullo magis perspicue
punctulatis ; prosterno medio haud sulcato; cetera ut
C. Mercurius. Long., 7+ 1.; lat. 4 1.
Except in respect of the characters mentioned above the
description of C. Mercurius (P. L.S., N.S,W., 1892, p. 450),
may be read as the description of this insect. In my tabulation
of the species of Chalcopterus (loc. cit., 1893, pp. 56, &c.), the
present species would stand beside mimus, Blackb., under JJ, and
may be distinguished from it as indicated under the next species
(C. costatus).
N. Queensland (Mr. Koebele).
C’. costatus, sp. nov. EHlongatus, subparallelus ; modice nitidus ;
niger, elytris obsure cyaneis latera versus nonnihil aureo-
micantibus ; capite sat equaliter crebre minus subtiliter
punctulato ; oculis antennarum articuli basalis longitudine
inter se remotis ; sulcis ocularibus nullis; antennis quam
corporis dimidium subbrevioribus modice robustis, apicem
versus haud incrassatis, articulo 3° quam 1° 2° que con-
juncti vix longiori quam 4"° 5"* que conjuncti parum breviori,
articulis apicalibus quam precedentes haud_ brevioribus ;
prothorace quam longiori ut 14 ad 1 (postice quam antice ut
12 ad 1) latiori, subtiliter sat crebre punctulato, antice fere
truncato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) arcuatim angustato,
basi media parum lobata, angulis (superne visis) obtusis
(anticis ad apicem summum certo adspectu minute fere sub-
denticulatis); elytris profunde striatis, striis crenulato-
punctulatis, interstitiis omnibus obtuse costiformibus vix
47
perspicue punctulatis; prosterno medio vix distincte
carinato ; corpore subtus sat obsolete punctulato; femoribus
anticis antice subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-
setosis, posticorum articulo basali quam apicales 2 con-
juncti vix longiori. Long., 71.; lat., 321.
An extremely isolated species in the genus on account of it®
decidedly costate elytra. In a natural arrangement it would
stand, I think, near longiusculus, Blackb., but the exigencies of
classification would cause it to standin my tabulation of the
Chalcopteri beside mimus, Blackb., from which it, and the pre-
ceding species, may be thus distinguished :—
K. Interstices of elytra feebly convex.
L. Elytral striz much more strongly punctured near
apex than near base . zonatus, Blackb.
LL. Elytral striz evenly (or nearly so) punctured . mimus, Blackb.
KK. Interstices of elytra quite strongly costate .. costatus, Blackb,
An example from Queensland in Mr. French’s collection must,
I think, be referred to this species, although it is coloured very
differently, the elytra being bright blue, with the suture and all
the striz purple.
W. Australia.
C. acutangulus, sp. nov. Oblongo-ovalis; sat nitidus ; niger,
elytris aureo cupreo et viridi versicoloribus ; capite crebre
subtilius equaliter punctulato; oculis quam antennarum
articuli basalis longitudine paullo magis inter se remotis ;
sulcis ocularibus subfoveiformibus ; antennis quam corporis
dimidium sat brevioribus minus robustis, articulis 6—11
perspicue dilatatis inter se sat «qualibus, articulo 3° quam
1™* 2° que conjuncti vix longiori quam 4" 5" que conjuncti
paullo breviori ; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam
antice) fere duplo latiori, crebre subtilius fere ut caput
punctulato, antice leviter emarginato, a basi antrorsum
(superne viso) angustato sed parum arcuato, basi media
vix lobata, angulis anticis obtusis posticis (superne vVisis)
acutis fere dentiformibus ; elytris vix striatis, seriatim sub-
tiliter punctulatis, interstitiis planis vel vix obsolete con-
vexis subtilius (fere ut prothorax) crebre punctulatis ;
prosterno medio planato; corpore subtus sparsim subtiliter
punctulato, abdomine crebre rugato; femoribus anticis
antice subtiliter punctulatis ; tarsis fulvo-setosis, posticorum
articulo basali ceteris conjunctis longitudine equali. Long.,
6—7 1.; lat., 31—32 1.
This Shilitiad: and the next described, fall into an aggregate ais-
tinguished from all other described Chaleopteri by the } presence of
ocular sulci in combination with legs of dark colour (the tarsi
having fulvous vestiture). They are both extremely distinct
48
from the three previously described members of the same aggre-
gate. C. acutangulus, ina natural arrangement, would stand
near C’. lepidus, Blackb., which differs from it inter alia in its
eyes being still wider apart, its tarsal vestiture black, and the
hind angles of its prothorax (viewed from above) much less pro-
minent.
Central Australia.
C. mundus, sp.nov. Elongato-ovalis, subparallelus ; sat nitidus,
; capite prothorace que subopacis; niger, prothorace elytris
que cupreo et viridi versicoloribus; capite sequaliter
subtilissime punctulato; oculis antennarum articuli basalis
longitudine inter se remotis; sulcis ocularibus subfovei-
formibus; antennis fere ut C. acutanguli sed articulo 6°
vix dilatatis; prothorace quam longiori (et postice quam
antice) fere duplo latiori, subtiliter minus crebre punctulato,
antice (superne viso) subtruncato, a basi antrorsum (superne
viso) arcuatim angustato, basi media leviter lobata. angulis
(superne visis) anticis obtusis posticis subacutis; elytris
haud striatis, seriatim sat fortiter punctulatis (puncturis
seriatis postice haud minus fortiter impressis), interstitiis
planis vix perspicue punctulatis ; prosterno medio antice
carinato ; corpore subtus vix punctulato, abdomine leviter
rugato ; tarsis fulvo-setosis, posticorum articulo basali ceteris
conjunctis parum breviori. Long., 51.; lat., 251.
Evidently allied to the preceding (C. acutangulus) but inter
alia much smaller, with the interval between the eyes narrower,
the elytral seriate punctures much larger, &c., &c. Also bears
much superficial resemblance to several species which have dark
tarsal vestiture or no ocular sulci. The continuance to the apex
of the elytra (without enfeeblement) of the seriate punctuation
is a somewhat unusual character.
This species and the preceding (C. acutangulus) do not fit any
line to which a specific name is attached in my tabulation of
Chalcopterus (P. L. S., N.S.W.,1893, pp. 56, &c.). They would
stand under “CC” (on p. 69), but not under either “ D” or
“DD” (the two sub-divisions of CC”). Their place in the
tabulation will be found set forth under the heading C. obtusus,
Pasc., below.
C. (Amarygmus) obtusus, Pasc. In my ‘ Revision of the
Amarygmides” I stated (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, p. 54) that this
species was one of four Chalcoptert which I had been unable to
identify. I have since received from Mr. Lower an example from
Queensland which agrees fairly well with Mr. Pascoe’s descrip-
tion. The discrepancies are that the colour of the elytra should
be uniformly brownish-copper, but is tinged with green along the
49
suture and the hind part of the sides, that the prothorax is
implied to be black whereas it is black with some coppery re-
flection, and that the punctures of the prothorax should be
“minute ” but are scarcely so fine as is indicated by that word.
I think, however, that I may venture to assign a place in my
tabulation to obtwsus on the strength of this specimen, enclosing
the name, however, between brackets to indicate that (as in the
case of other species so marked in the tabulation) there is an
element of douht in its identification.
Its place in the tabulation should be beside acutangulus and
mundus (described above) on page 69, loc. cit., and the three will
have to follow /evicollis, Blessig., thus :—
DDD. Prothorax punctulate ; eyes not bordered by a carina.
E. The elytral seriate punctures comparatively large (much more so
than in Howitti, Pasc.).
F. The elytra evidently striate (size compara-
tively large—7 |. or more) ... [obtusus, Pasc. ]
FF. The elytra absolutely devoid of striation.. mundus, Blackb.
EE. The elytral seriate punctures much finer ... acutangulus, Blackb.
C. (Amarygmus) rufipes, Macl. In my Revision of the
Amarygmides I treated this species as being the only representa-
tive of the aggregate distinguished by the following characters in
combination, viz., ocular sulci present, legs not of uniformly dark
colour. There.is every reason to believe that the names picipes,.
Macl., and nigritarsis, Pasc., were given to insects appertaining
to this aggregate, and in my Revision I indicated the opinion
that they might both be synonymous with rufipes, Macl. Among
the numerous Chalcopteri that I have accumulated since the
publication of my Revision I find at least three good species of
this aggregate closely allied to, but distinct from, rufipes, and it
is extremely difficult to determine whether any of them is picipes
or nigritarsis. As regards rufipes, I possess an example from
Gayndah (the original locality) sent to me by Mr. Masters (the
original captor of the species), and ticketed by him ‘compared
with type.” It does not agree with Sir W. Macleay’s descrip-
tion, inasmuch as its head, prothorax, and under surface are (not
black but) blue, and its legs are not “entirely red,” but have the
tars. of dark piceous colour. [I consider, nevertheless, that the
speci.aen is rightly named, and have no doubt the description is
wrong, as Mr. Masters is about the most careful and reliable
authority I know in the matter of identifying a species by com-
parison with the type specimen. One of the three species
mentioned above I am disposed to think is picepes, Macl., the
description of which is merely a statement that its elytra (not
blue but) green, its legs (not red but) piceous brown, its elytra
a little more largely punctured, and its form shorter and broader
distinguish it from rufipes. The specimens I am discussing
D
50
present these characters—though the last mentioned two are only
slightly marked, and in addition its head is of black colour and
is very much more strongly punctured, its prothorax is black
(scarcely tinged with green), and the interval between its eyes
is quite evidently narrower. C. nigritarsis is either identical
with one or other of Sir W. Macleay’s species or is an insect I
have not seen ; for it cannot be either of the other two species
before me on account of its seriate elytral punctures being de-
scribed as “ minute.” I do not think it can be the species I take
to be picipes, Macl., inasmuch as its head is called “ nearly
impunctate,” but it may well be a colour var. of rufipes with the
description (or rather with Mr. Master’s type) of which it agrees
very wel' in all respects except in its elytra being “green.” I
have seen several specimens of rufipes, and find the elytra to vary
from blue towards a reddish purple tone, but have not seen any
with elytra green. So nigritarsis remains an enigma to me. There
are thus before me two species (having ocular sulci and legs not
entirely dark) which are distinct from any species yet described
possessing those characters, but unfortunately one of them is
represented by a broken specimen unfitted to be treated as a
type. I proceed to name and describe the other.
C. jucundus, sp. nov. Ovalis (modice late) ; sat nitidus; viridis,
capite nigro, prothorace nigro viridi-micanti, femoribus
tibiisque testaceo-brunneis, tarsis piceis ; capite minus crebre
(in clypeo crebre) subtiliter punctulato, parte mediana levi ;
oculis quam antennarum articuli basalis longitudine nullo
modo minus inter se remotis; sulcis ocularibus bene
definitis ; antennis quam corporis dimidium subbrevioribus
_ sat robustis apicem versus v1x incrassatis, articulo 3° quam
1s 2° que conjuncti sat longiori quam 4% 5" que conjuncti
sat breviori, articulis apicalibus quam precedentes parum
brevioribus ; prothorace quam longiori ut 12 ad 1 (postice
quam antice fere duplo) latiori, subtilissime vix perspicue
punctulato, utrinque basin versus oblique subsulcato, antice
vix emarginato, a basi antrorsum (superne viso) arcuatim
angustato, basi media vix lobata, angulis (superne visis)
obtusis ; elytris haud striatis, seriatim punctulatis, punct-
uris sat magnis (fere ut C. levicollis, Blessig, sed basin
versus magis subtilibus et apicem versus subobsoletis), inter-
stitiis planis levibus; prosterno medio planato; corpore
subtus fere levi; femoribus anticis antice subtilissime
punctulatis ; tarsis subtus fulvo-vestitis, posticorum articulo
basali quam ceteri conjuncti parum breviori. Long., 7 1. ;
lat., 3= 1.
This species is easily distinguishable from the other described
ones having ocular sulci and legs not uniformly of dark colour by
51
‘the much coarser puncturation of its elytral series. In my tabula-
tion of the Chalcopterr (P. L.S., N.S.W., 1893, pp. 56, &c.) it
stands beside C. rufipes, Macl., from which it differs (as stated
above) by its elytral puncturation. It is possible that the oblique
sulcus near the posterior angle on either side of the prothorax
may be an individual peculiarity of the typical specimen.
Victoria ; I have no record of the exact locality.
RHIPIDOPHORIDAL.
EUCTENIA.
EE. occidentalis, sp. nov. Mas. Obscure castanea; subnitida ;
breviter pubescens; capite supra prothoracem elevato, sub-
fortiter sat crebre punctulato ; oculis magnis supra et subtus
subcontiguis ; antennarum articulo basali modico (fere ut
£. sericee, Gerst., sed minus dilatato), 2° brevi, 3° quam
basalis vix breviori, 4° brevi, 5° ramum elongatum emittenti,
6° ramum etiam longiorem emittenti, 7°—11° ramos inter se
zequales (sed quam 6' longiores) emittentibus; palporum
maxillarium articulo apicali quam JZ. sericee longiori et
graciliori ; prothorace conico, cum elytris crebre aspere sub-
fortiter (quam JZ. sericee multo magis fortiter) punctulato,
basi fortiter (fere ut LZ. sericee) sinuata, angulis posticis
acutissimis ; elytris (fere ut JZ. sericew) lineis elevatis
obsolete instructis; pedibus ut Z. sericea. Long., 441. ;
lat., 14 1. (vix).
It is only with extreme hesitation that I refer this species to
Fuctenia. It would seem much more at home in Pelecotomoides
were it not for the one character of its head being elevated above
the level of the prothorax (as in Huctenia), a character to which
Mm. Gerstacker and Lacordaire seem to attribute much im-
portance. The eyes and antenne are altogether those of a
Pelecotomoides. It would, perhaps, be better to found a new
genus for it, but I abstain from doing so on the ground that the
observation of more species may quite possibly show the eleva-
tion of the head to be of less than generic importance. In fact,
I have in my collection examples (unfitted by their condition or
sex for being types) of several species that seem in respect
of some character or another to be intermediate between
Pelecotomoides and EHuctenia.
W. Australia ; Coolgardie (in the 8.A. Museum).
EVANIOCERA.
Below will be found descriptions of two new species apper-
taining to this genus, and notes on a species previously described
by me. The following tabulation will show the male characters
of the described species with the exception of one that was des-
Or
2
cribed by Sir W. Macleay, without any detailed record of such
characters, as EH. Gerstdckert; and one that was doubtfully
referred by Mr. Champion to £. Gerstdckeri, Macl., likewise
without a sufficiently detailed description of the antennz to
enable me to place it in the tabulation confidently. Notes on
those two will be found below. It should be observed that the
length of the third and fourth joints of the antennz (mentioned in
the tabulation) has reference, not to the length of the rami of those
joints, but to the length of the basal piece of the joints (from
which their rami are emitted).
A. Antenne of male with nine rami.
B. The third joint of the artennz much longer than fourth.
C. Eyes widely separated from each other ... pruimosa, Gerst.
CC. Eyes approximate inter se .. Meyricki, Blackb.
BB. The third and fourth anes of antennze sub-
equal inter se... os ... perthensis, Blackb.
AA. Antenne of male with eight. rami.
B. The third joint of the antenne strongly
transverse ... nervosa, Gerst.
BB. The third joint of the antennz not transverse minuta, Blackb.
E. Meyricki, sp. nov. Mas. Picea, prothoracis lateribus elytris~
pedibusque rufescentibus, capite palpis antennisque nigris ;
minus nitida; confertim subtiliter punctulata; cinereo
pubescens (lineatim in elytris) ; oculis magnis in fronte sat
approximatis (interspatio quam antennaruim articuli basalis
longitudo haud latiori) ; antennarum articulis basali valde
compresso subtriangulari, 2° minuto transverso, ceteris ramos
elongatos singulos emittentibus, articuli 3' ramo quam
ceterorum breviori et a ramo articuli 4' longe remoto;
prothorace conico, basi valde bisinuata, lateribus (superne
visis) vix sinuatis; elytris postice sat angustatis. Long.,
AC a a
ee blss B. nervosa, Gerst., somewhat in the disposition of
the whitish pubescence on the elytra, but differs from it ater
alia in the third joint of its antennz emitting a long ramus, and
in the much narrower interval between the eyes ; from pruinosa,
Gerst., it differs by the ramus of the third antennal joint being
much longer, the eyes much more approximate, the elytra striped
(rather than marbled) with whitish pubescence, &c., from
Gerstackerit, Macl. (which is practically undescribed) by the
linear disposition of the elytral pubescence, and no doubt other
characters ; from H. Gerstdckeri, Champ. (?{Macl.), by its striped
elytra, and probably other characters (Mr. Champion does not
describe the antenna, eyes, &c., minutely), and from Z. minuta,
Blackb., by its much larger size, more approximate eyes, head
more elongate, and much more finely rugulose in front, elytra
very differently coloured, black mandibles (they are red in
minuta), &e. It should be noted that the long interval between
D3
the first and second rami of the antenne results from the elongate
form of the third joint.
W. Australia; King George’s Sound; taken by Mr. E.
Meyrick.
E. perthensis, sp. nov. Mas. Picea.; minus nitida; confertim sub-
tiliter punctulata; pube fulva et albida vestita (hac in
prothorace postice, in elytrorum basi suturaque, in corpore
subtus et in tibiis condensata) ; oculis modicis inter se late
remotis ; antennarum articulis basali modico minus dilatato,
2° minuto transverso, ceteris ramos elongatos singulos
emittentibus, articuli 3' ramo quam 4' parum breviori et ad
4' ad basin contiguo ; prothorace conico, basi valde bisinuata,
lateribus (superne visis) vix sinuatis ; elytris postice modice
angustatis. Long., 221; lat., 1 1.
This species seems to be entirely piceous, and to owe its
variegation entirely tu pubesence. The upper surface is densely
clothed with very fine pubesence, which is of red-brown colour
except on certain parts where it is whitish,—viz., the hind part
of the prothorax and the front part and suture of the elytra.
The underside is uniformly but less closely (and consequently
somewhat inconspicuously) clothed with very fine pale hairs, and
similar hairs clothe the legs, being more conspicuous and pallid
on the tibia and tarsi than on the femora. The head and
antenne are of darker colour than the general surface. Apart
from colour and markings (which seem very distinctive) the
present insect is at once distinguishable from nervosa, Gerst.,
pruinosa, Gerst., Meyricki, Blackb., and minuta, Blackb., by the
antenne of its male having the ramus of the third joint nearly
as long as that of the fourth, and at the base scarcely further
from that of the fourth than the latter is from that of the fifth.
As noted above the descriptions of Grerstdéckeri, Macl., and
Gerstackeri, Champ. (! Macl.) are not sufficiently minute for com-
parison apart from colour, but I am almost sure that the insect
before me is not identical with Sir W. Macleay’s, as the colouring
seems entirely different, and the remoteness of locality is un-
favourable to the idea of identity. Gerstdckeri, Champ., evidently
has very different markings ; its antenne have the ramus of the
third joint elongate, but it is not specified whether the first
ramus is placed at a long interval from the second ; but even if
Mr. Champion’s insect is identical with mine, it is somewhat
certainly not Gerstdcker, Macl., and in that case needs a new
name.
W. Australia ; taken at Perth by Mr. Meyrick.
FE. minuta, Blackb. In comparing this very small insect with
the above two species, I regret to find that there is an error in
my description of its antennz (Trans. Roy. Soc., vol. XVLI., p.
54
178), as the first ramus is emitted from the basal end of the
fourth joint (not, as I supposed, from the apex of the third
joint). The peculiar antennal structure of each ramus (except, of
course, the apical one) being connected with the base ef its joint is.
easily seen in the larger species, but in the much smaller one very
careful examination is required to see which joint emits it, and
it is not a character that one would look for unless one were
expecting it,—indeed, it is only by observing it under a high
power that I have been able, even now, to determine the point.
EMENADIA.
Below I furnish descriptions of six new species of this genus?
preceded by a tabulation showing distinctive characters for all
the species as yet described, except luteipennis, Macl. (the de-
scription of which is insufficient for identification). It should
be noted that I have not seen specimens of fricolor, Gerst.,
luteipennis, Champ. (? Macl.), maculicollis, Bohem., and cucullata,
Macl., but that the descriptions of those species mention
characters which enable me to place them in the tabulation.
A. Head nitid and (at any rate except in front) leevigate or nearly so.
B. Prothorax not carinate.
C. Apex of prothoracic lobe not upturned.
D. Apex of prothoracic lobe not emarginate.
E. Head black.
F. Elytra closely punctulate.
G. Basal 2 joints of hind tarsi
much compressed ; hindangles
of prothorax considerably
divergent
GG. Basal 2-joints of hind tarsi
much more slender; hind
angles of prothorax ‘not or
scarcely divergent
FF. Elytra sparsely punctured
EE. Head more or less red.
F. Head entirely red
FF. Head red in front, black behind.
G. Prothorax and elytra sparsely
punctured
GG. Prothorax and elytra closely
punctured
FFF. Head black in front, ‘red behind
DD. Apex of prothoracic lobe emarginate
CC. Apex of prothoracic lobe up upturned
BB. Prothorax seer: a longitudinal median
carina
AA. The whole of the head
punctulate.
B. The head black, and very closely punctured
even behind
BB. Head mostly red, with the puneturation
notably less close behind
conspicuously
diversiceps, Blackb.
sobrina, Waterh.
dificilis, Blackb.
tricolor, Gerst.
[(? Macl.}:
lutecpennis, Champ.
Championi, Blackb.
capito, Blackb.
maculicollis, Bohem.
Nove- Hollandie, Gerst.-
cucullata, Macl.
punctulaticeps, Blackb..
interioris, Blackb.
5D
E. diversiceps, sp. nov. Nigra, cyaneo-iridescens, antennarum
basi et oris membris picescentibus, segmentis ventralibus
postice rufescentibus ; nitida, capite antice sat crebre vix
aspere postice subtilissime sparsissime punctulato ; pro-
thorace elytrisque (horum puncturis sat elongatis, illius
basin versus minus crebris magis grossis) crebre sat fortiter
punctulatis ; elytrorum disco longitudinaliter impresso ; tar-
sorum posticorum articulis basalibus 2 compressis.
Var. Prothorace elytrisque plus minusve_ rufescentibus.
Long., 52 1..; lat., 2 1.
The blue iridescence of this species is probably characteristic.
The puncturation of the head and elytra is not unlike that of
E. sobrina, Waterh. ; that of the prothorax is notably coarser
and less close near the base. The prothorax resembles in shape
that of Z. sobrina, Waterh., except in having its hind angles
distinctly divergent. An example in the 8.A. Museum has the
disc of the elytra longitudinally reddish, and one in my collection
has the elytra nearly entirely (and the prothorax entirely)
reddish ; both have distinct traces of bluish iridescence.
S.W. Australia.
£. sobrina, Waterh. I have seen only two specimens that I
can refer to this species, which considerably resembles in colouring
some varieties of £. diversiceps, Blackb., butis of notably narrower
form, with the hind angles of its prothorax even more decidedly .
non-divergent, and the basal two joints of the hind tarsi evidently
more cylindric. The two examples before me are both females,
but the tarsal character is certainly not sexual, as the females of
E. diversiceps have the basal two joints quite strongly compressed.
The prothorax (especially behind) is much more closely, and
less coarsely, punctulate than than of diversiceps.
E. difficilis, sp. nov. Nigra, prothorace abdomine tibiis tarsisque
(nonnullorum exemplorum) et elytris antennis mandibulis
palpisque (plus minusve) testaceis; nitida; capite antice
crebre fortius postice sparsissime subtilissime punctulato ;
prothorace supra equali minus crebre punctulato lobo
mediano ad apicem rotundato, angulis posticis divergen-
tibus; elytris in disco longitudinaliter impressis, antice
sparsius (apicem versus crebre) punctulatis, puncturis sub-
elongatis. Long., 3—441.; lat., 1—14 1.
The following characters in combination distinguish this
species from its previously described congeners :—Head black, its
hind part scarcely distinctly punctured, median lobe of prothorax
rounded and not upturned and not carinate, elytra more or less
testaceous and with comparatively sparse isolated (except close
to the apex) punctures. It is variable to the last degree in
colour and markings ; in a long series, however, of both sexes I
56
find the head, sterna, and femora, invariably black or pitchy-
black. The prothorax varies from entirely testaceous red,
through forms in which the disc is diversely marked with fuscous
or blackish, to a form in which it is entirely black. The elytra
vary from a rare form in which they are entirely testaceous
except a slight infuscation round the middle part of the base,
through forms in which the whole base is black or blackish with
that colour extended, more or less widely, for a greater or less
distance along the suture, to forms in which the sutural blacken-
ing is extended to fill up the whole apical quarter. The number
of antennal joints having their base testaceous (the rami of the
male and the serrations of the female are invariably blackish) is
variable. The hind angles of the prothorax are somewhat
strongly divergent.
£. tricolor, Gerstack. I have not seen any specimen that I can
refer to this species, which is described as having the head and
prothorax and the under surface red. Although the Hmenadie
are extraordinarly variable in the colours and markings of the
prothorax and elytra, I have not seen (even in some fairly long
series) any variation in the colour of the head in any species.
Gerstacker evidently had at least more than one specimen of
tricolor before him, so that his description cannot have been
founded on an isolated extreme aberration of a species usually
having the head black. Mr. Waterhouse (Ann. Nat. H., 1883)
describes a black-headed male Emenadia, which he says is pro-
bably the male of tricolor, and supposes the difference of colour
to be sexual. I have not seen any specimen coloured as that
male is described, but I can say positively that in no Hmenadia,
of which I have seen both sexes, is there a sexual difference of
colour, and I have little doubt that the male in question is dis-
tinct from tricolor, and also from the other named HLmenadie.
In Mr. Masters’ Catalogue, ‘South and W. Australia,” is cited
as the habitat of Z. tricolor, but I notice that Gerstacker gives
the habitat merely as ‘‘ Nova-Hollandia.”
E. Championi, sp. nov. Nigra, capite antice antennis (articu-
lorum parte producta excepta) palpis mandibulis (apice
excepto) prothorace (parte discoidali variabili excepta)
elytris (basi suturaque anguste infuscatis exceptis) abdominis
maculis nonnullis et pedibus (femoribus posticis exceptis)
testaceis vel rufis; sat nitida; capite antice subtiliter
postice vix manifeste punctulato; prothorace crebre
punctulato, supra equali, lobo mediano ad apicem rotundato,
angulis posticis divergentibus ; elytris fere squalibus, ad
apicem acutissimis fere spiniformibus, crebre minus fortiter
punctulatis. Long., 31.; lat., 11.
DT
The most striking character of this insect is the absence of the
longitudinal impression that is so conspicuous on the elytra of
(at any rate most of) its Australian congeners. .In colouring
(which, however, is probably variable) it resembles the W. Aus-
tralian species that Mr. Champion calls “ luteipennis, Macl. ?”
but differs from it (judging from the description) inter alia by
the much closer puncturation of its prothorax and elytra.
S. Australia.
£. capito, sp. nov. Nigra, capite (parte inter labrum et antennas
excepta) mandibulis basin versus antennarum basi palpis
prothorace elytris tibiarum spinis tarsorumque unguiculis
ferrugineo-rufis ; capite antice subtilius (postice vix mani-
feste) punctulato ; prothorace supra sat eequali, sat fortiter
erebre (sed basin versus mediam multo minus crebre)
punctulato, lobo mediano postice truncato, angulis posticis
leviter divergentibus; elytris in disco longitudinaliter
impressis, sat fortiter crebre (antice vix minus crebre)
punetulatis. Long., 441. ; lat., 131.
The colouring of the two examples that I have seen of this
species may be briefly characterised as entirely ferruginous red
above, including the hind half of the head, and entirely black
beneath, the only exception being the palpi, the base of the
antenne, the apical spines of the tibie, and the claws fer-
ruginous, the front half the head black and some of the
tarsal joints inclining to piceous. I have no doubt but that
the colouring of the head is a reliable character, in which
case this insect needs distinguishing only according to the
tabulation (above), but it may be added that it differs also
from £. Champion, Blackb., by the presence of a well-defined
discal impression on the elytra, from uteipennis, Champ. (? Macl.),
by the close puncturation of its elytra, and that the difference in
the colouring of almost every part from that of tricolor, Gerst.
far surpasses the limits of probable variation. (Unfortunately
Gerstacker’s description is scarcely precise enough to allow a
minute comparison of structural characters.) If there should
turn out to be a black-headed form of this species it would come
nearest to diversiceps and sobrina, from the former of which it
differs inter alia by the lateral margin of its elytra very much
more strongly sinuate behind the shoulder, and from the latter
by the evident divergence of the prothoracic hind angles, and the
much less close puncturation of its prothorax.
Victoria.
£. punctulaticeps, sp. nov. Tota nigra, oris membris plus minusve
piceis vel rufescentibus exceptis; minus nitida; supra
(capite incluso) crebre subfortiter (fere ut Z. sobrina,
Waterh.) punctulata, puncturis sat elongatis; elytrorum
disco longitudinaliter impresso.
58
Var.? Elytris in parte antica dimidia (basi summa excepta)
fulvis. Long., 3—54 1; lat., 1—21.
This species is very easily recognised by its closely and asper-
ately punctured head (which is even more closely and asperately
punctured in the front part than on the vertex.) Its prothorax
is considerably more dilated at the base than that of Z. sobrina,
Waterh., with the hind angles notably more divergent. The
puncturation of the prothorax and elytra is as in &. sobrina,
Waterh. In respect of colouring, the unicolorous antenne and
entirely black elytra seem to form a reliable distinction from
most others of the genus. The “var.?” mentioned above does
not seem to differ from the type except in the presence of fulvous
colouring on the elytra.
Southern Australia (widely distributed).
E. interioris, sp. nov. Nigra, capite antice antennarum basi
palpis mandibulis (ad basin) prothorace (magna ex parte)
elytris (postice et ad latera) sterna (maculatim) et abdomine
rufis ; modice nitida ; capite antice aspere creberrime (postice
minus confertim nec aspere) fortius punctulato ; prothorace
supra sat quali, confertim (a basi antrorsum gradatim
magis subtiliter) punctulato, lobo mediano postice anguste-
rotundato, angulis posticis divergentibus ; elytris in disco
longitudinaliter impressis, sat fortiter (antice sparsius,
retrorsum gradatim magis confertim) punctulatis. Long.,.
6 is lats2 1,
The red colour of the front part of the head in combination
with the strong puncturation of the whole of that segment and
the narrowly rounded sub-acuminate apex of the basal lobe of the
prothorax distinguishes this species from all its previously des-
cribed Australian congeners. The black mark on the prothorax
is probably variable ; in the type it occupies the greater part of
the segment, and is trilobed in front (the lobes not quite reaching
the front margin, and having their apices so connected together
as to enclose two red spots), and bilobed behind (the lobes not
reaching the base). The elytra may be described as being red,
with on each of them a somewhat triangular elongate black spot
which has it base on the base of the elytra, its apex a little
beyond the middle, and touches the suture for a greater distance
than it does the lateral margin.
In colouring &c., #. interioris bears a rough resemblance to:
the description of £. maculicollis, Bohem., but is no doubt very
distinct from that species (which is said, inter alia, to have the
apex of its prothoracic lobe emarginate, and its head “ subtiliter
punctulatum.”) From #. punctulaticeps it differs, apart from
colour, chiefly by the notably less close puncturation of the hind.
*
a9
part of its head and the front part of its elytra,—the prothoracic
puncturation being very similar in the two species.
Central Australia.
RHIPIDIUS.
The species described below may be referred, I think, to this
genus, which has not been hitherto recorded as occurring in Aus-
tralia, although it appears to be widely distributed, species being
known from Europe and South Africa. I regret that I have not
one of those species before me for comparison, but, nevertheless, I
feel confidentin the present identification, as the characters of
the insect concerned agree quite satisfactorily with those
attributed to Rhipidius by M. Lacordaire, with the single
exception that the claws are scarcely to be ‘called “simple” in
the strict sense (inasmuch as the basal portion is somewhat
strongly compressed), and would be more acgurately described as
subappendiculate. This, however, is not a discrepancy that would
justify the creation of a new generic name. I should add, how-
ever, that as I have only a single specimen I have not been able
to investigate characters that cannot be observed without dissec-
tion. As the genus is new to Australia it will be well to mention
its distinctive characters, as follows:—Elytra extremely short
(scarcely surpassing the base of the abdomen) and very widely
separated from each other (the interval between them at their
base being about as wide as the head) ; maxillary palpi wanting ;
head small and globular, the greater part of its surface being
occupied by the strongly granulated eyes (which are almost con-
tiguous) ; antennz contiguous at their base, their basal 3-joints
short, the other 8-joints produced into long rami ; legs stout and
hairy, the tibiz dilated towards the apex which is devoid of
spines, the tarsi heteromerous and short with small sub-appendicu-
late claws ; scutellum large and transverse.
This insect is probably parasitic upon Diptera, as I found it
crawling over some dead blow-flies.
ft. Australasie, sp. nov. Mas. Obscure brunneus, pedibus
dilutioribus, capite nigro ; hoc crebre subaspere punctulato ;
prothorace nitido, leviter transverso, antrorsum angustato,
subtilissime punctulato, angulis posticis acutis extrorsum
directis ; elytris opacis, postice acutis, confertim sat aspere
punctulatis; antennarum articulo 3° extrorsum fortiter
dentiformi. Long., 2 l.
S. Australia ; Eyre’s Peninsula.
CANTHARIDi.
ZONITIS.
I have recently made an attempt to determine the species of
this genus in my own collection and that of the S.A. Museum.
60
The task presents much difficulty on account of the unsatisfactory
character of many of the earlier descriptions of species. The
generic determination, moreover, of many of the described species
belonging, or near, to Zonitis is a matter of the utmost difficulty.
The following genera have been recorded as Australian—
Cantharis, Palestra, T’mesidera, Zonitis, Palestrida. Cantharis
posticalis, Fairm., might be confidently supposed to be distinct
from Zonitis, but I have aspeciesfrom Northern Australia which
agrees remarkably well with the specific description of that
insect, and it is undoubtedly a Zonitis. If C. posticalis should
prove to be a Zonitis, Cantharis would disappear from our
catalogue. Palestra is a good genus, distinguished from Zonitis
by the dilated and compressed form of its antennal joints, &c.
Tmesidera is almost certainly identical with Palestra, and is a
later name; but of its species, only the type (7. rufipennis,
Westw.) and assimilis, Hope, appear to be Palestrew, the other
two species attributed to the genus Z'mesidera, by Hope, being
in reality species of Zonitis. Palestrida is, I should say,
certainly inseparable from Palestra.
The genus Zonitis I regard, then, as including (besides the
species that have been attributed to it by their authors) two of
the Z'mesidere, and possibly Cantharis posticalis, Fairm. In
1880 M. Fairmaire published (Stett. Ent. Z., pp. 261, &c.) a
monograph of the genera Zonitis, T’mesidera, and Palestra,
quoting the exact words of the description of species he had not
seen, and adding numerous new species ; and since that time, so
far as I know, nothing further has been published concerning the
Australian species of Zonitis and its allies, except isolated de-
scriptions of additional species.
This seems like an exceptionally favorable condition for a
group of Coleoptera but, unfortunately, there are few other
groups containing so large a proportion of descriptions that are
incapable of identification with any particular insect. (without
examination of the types), and, moreover, M. Fairmaire’s work
is exceedingly difficult to follow out to any satisfactory result ;
thus, without tabu/atiny the species, he arranges them in groups,
but in many instances the detailed descriptions are inconsistent
with those of the groups. For example, in Group VIII. the first
sub-group is characterised as follows :—‘‘ Abdomen rufum, femor-
ibus rufis,” and of the species associated together under that head-
ing the first is described in detail as having the abdomen red, but
it is implied that the legs are black ; the description of the second
is simply a quotation from Blessig, which thus describes the legs |
—‘ beine schwartzblau ;” the third is stated to have a variety
with black legs; and only the fourth (and last) is described as
definitely characterised by its red femora. Then, further, M.
61
Fairmaire has distributed among his groups numerous species
which he definitely states are unknown to him, and the descrip-
tions of which contain no hint as to the presence of the characters
on the assumed presence of which M. Fairmaire assigns them
their place. And again the headof Z. limbipennis is characterised
in the description of that species as “ rufo-testaceous,” and a note
at the end of the description says—‘“ This species is easy to
recognise by its black head.”
As I have recently had occasion, for the purpose indicated
above, to go carefully through all the literature bearing upon
Zonitis and ascertain which of the descriptions are capable of
identification, with any particular insect, and which are mere
brief indications of colour, or of two or three differenses from
some other insect, it seems desirable to put the results on record
for the use of other workers, and to add a tabular statement of
the characters that I have found available for identifying those
species which are known to me either through intelligible
description or inspection of types.
The names that have been attributed to Zonitis by M. Fair-
maire or subsequently by their authors, together with Mr. Hope’s
two Z'mesidere are, I think, 42 in number. Of these, I think,
I can definitely state that two are synonyms,—viz., Z. eneiventris,
Redt. =tricolor, Le Guillou and Z. ventralis, Fairm. = rostrata,
Blessig. The former of these instances of synonym is asserted,
and the latter suspected, by Fairmaire. Of the remaining 40
names the following four are attached to descriptions in which
not a single valuable character is mentioned (apart from colour,
and this is too variable in at least many species of Zonitis to be
of value when standing alone, at any rate when the colours are
not very unusual), viz. annulata, Macl.; apicalis, Macl. ;.
fuscicornis, Macl.; rubricollis, Hope. The following eleven
names represent species, the descriptions of which are more
detailed than those of the four just mentioned, but, which for the
reasons assigned below, I have been unable to place in a tabu-
lation. They are as follows :—
Z. pallida, Macl. Probably near Cowleyi, Blackb. (described
below). The description states that the under-surface is black,
and does not mention the palpi as being particularly long, or the
eyes as being approximate above, two remarkable characters
that the author could hardly have failed to notice. Moreover,
the elytra are said to have three obsolete longitudinal lines, so I
presume it is distinct from Cowleyr. The absence of information
concerning the structure of the antenne excludes this species
from my tabulation.
Z. cylindracea, Fairm. Some remarks on this species will be-
found below under the heading of 7. yorkensis. The ambiguity
62
of the description of the antennal structure prevents my assign-
ing this insect a place in my tabulation.
Z. flaviceps, Waterh. This is evidently a very distinct species,
described as having strongly punctured black elytra narrowly
flavo-piceous at the base and sides. The absence of information
concerning its antennze obliges me to omit it from my tabulation.
Z. limbipennas, Fairm. As noted below, the head of this
insect is described as flavo-testaceous, and a note following the
description states that it is easily recognisable by its black head.
It is from the same locality (Swan R.) as flaviceps, and if its head
is flavo-testaceous, is similarly coloured, but seems to have closer
and finer elytral puncturation.
Z. flavicrus, Fairm. The antenne of this species are not des-
cribed. It appears to be near rugosipennis, Fairm., but to have
the fovee of its prothorax different, and a slight difference in
colour. I suspect it of being a variety,—rugosipennis being,
according to its author, variable in colouring ; indeed, a note states
that flavicrus differs from rugosipennis by its testaceous femora,
and yet both species are grouped as having red femora.
Z. rugata, Fairm. The description of the antennz is too vague
to be used in tabulation. As the type is stated to be immature,
it is difficult to form any clear conception of its characters.
Z. semirufa, Fairm. J have not included this species in my
tabulation because I cannot find any character whereby to dis-
tinguish it from rostrata, Blessig., except in the colour and the
prothoracic fovez (which do not seem to me reliable).
Z. indagacea, Fairm. The description gives the second joint
of the antenne longer than the third, while an appended note
distinguishes it from nzgro-enea, Fairm., by the second joint being
“notably shorter than the third.”
Z. janthinipennis, Fairm. Not described ; merely briefly com-
pared with zndagacea, without any reference to the comparative
length of the antennal joints.
Z. nigro-enea, Fairm. The description does not mention the
comparative length of the second and third antennal joints. If the
second joint is considerably shorter than the third it is probably
identical with violaceipennis, Waterh., of which I have examples,
In that case Mr. Waterhouse’s name becomes a synonyni.
Z. (TI'mesidera) violacea, Hope. The structure of the antenn
is not described. Evidently very near to violaceipennis, Waterh.,
but differently coloured in respect of the under-surface and legs.
If it is a mere variety of the latter, the name has priority.
After eliminating the above there remain 25 names as repre-
senting the species that up to this time have been described in a
fashion that will allow of their being confidently identified and
their characters arranged in a tabular form. I now add seven
—. 2.
63
‘new names, including a new name that I propose for an insect
previously described as a “‘ var. (?)”—and furnish a tabulation
-of the characters of the 32 species thus regarded as recognisable
members of the genus. As it seems undesirable to altogether
leave out the 15 species that are not satisfactorily described, I
have drawn up a supplementary tabulation of them founded upon
such characters as their authors have mentioned, which will,
perhaps, assist in their identification. I have been unable in the
ease of one of them [Z. (7Tmesidera) rubricollis, Hope], however,
to place it even in the supplementary tabulation owing to there
being no precise description of either the structure of its antennze
-or the sculpture of its elytra.
A. Joint 2 of antennz not notably shorter than 3 (see note in the descrip-
tion of Z. Cowleyi, Blackb.).
B. Elytra not of uniform metallic colouring.
C. Head not black.
D. Base (at least) of elytra testaceous.
E. Legs unicolorous, or nearly so.
F. Scutellum black.
G. Elytra black at apex...
GG. Elytra entirely testaceous
FF. Scutellum testaceous.
G. Head of short triangular form...
GG. Head more elongate.
H. Eyes almost contiguous...
HH. Eyes eae distant from
each other
EE. Legs not unicolorous.
F. Ely tra with black markings.
G. Elytra very closely punctulate
GG. Elytra sparsely punctulate ...
FF. Elytra devoid of black markings.
G. Elytra much less closely punc-
tured near base than behind
GG. Elytra uniformly punctured.
H. Prothorax rather closely
punctured (size about 5 1.)
HH. Prothorax thinly pepo
(size about 24 1.) Pm
DD. Base of elytra black :
CC. Head black.
D. Prothorax and scutellum black
DD. Prothorax and scutellum ochraceous
yellow
BB. Elytra uniformly metallic in color.
C. Head comparatively short.
D. Prothorax black
DD. Prothorax testaceous or rufo-tes-
taceous
CC. Head extremely elongate -
AA. Joint 2 of antennz notably shorter than 3.
B. Puncturation of elytra not coarsely ver-
miculate-rugulose.
C. Interval between the eyes at least as
great as length of basal joint of
antenne.
Andersoni, Blackb.
dichroa, Germ.
tenwicornis, Fairm.
Cowleyi, Blackb.
lutea, Macl.
negro apicata, Fairm.
nigroplagiata, Fairm.
tricolor, Le Guill.
pallicolor, Fairm.
obscuripes, Fairm.
bizonata, Macl.
opacorufa, Fairm.
seminigra, Fairm.
splendida, Fairm.
brevicornis, Blackb.
gloriosa, Blackb.
64
D. Elytra extremely closely (about as
closely as in Z. tricolor) sculptured.
E. Antenne not conspicuously more
slender thaa in the generality of
Zonites.
F. Eyes transverse or nearly so.
G. Prothorax nitid
GG. Prothorax opaque, owing to
close rugulosity .
FF. Eyes very oblique
tudinal).
G. Prothorax closely and somewhat
strongly punctulate...,
GG. Prothorax very finely and very
sparsely punctulate ;
EK. Antenne extremely slender
DD. Elytra very much less_ closely
punctulate.
E. Surface of head with a large concave
area reaching hindward behind the
level of the back of the eyes.
F. Eyes very large. (Head black)...
FF. Eyes small, like those of Z.
tricolor. (Head rufo-testace-
(sublongi-
ous) et es 45
EE. Surface of head not having a large
concave area.
F. Maxillary palpi very long (as long
as the basal 3-joints of the an-
tenne together)
F. Maxillary palpi normal
CC. Interval between the eyes less than
length of basal joint of antennz
BB. Puncturation of elytra coarsely vermicu-
late rugulose.
C. Head closely rugulose.
D. Prothorax moderately narrow in front
(not narrower than in cyanipennis,
Waterh.) a
DD. Prothorax extremely narrow in front
(less than half as wide as the base
of the head) ...
CC. Head thinly and feebly punctulate, not
at all rugulose.
D. Prothorax red ies
DD. Prothorax black or metallic.
FE. The underside black.
F, The median channel of prothorax
continuously well-defined to base
FF. The medianchannel of prothorax
well defined only for a short
distance in middle of the seg-
ment
EE. The underside brilliantly metallic
Murrayi, Blackb.
subrugata, Blackb.
rustica, Blackb. |
cyanipennis, Waterh.
Helmsi, Blackb.
queenslandica, Blackb.
bipartita, Fairm.
longipalpis, Blackb.
yorkensis, Blackb.
Carpentarie, Blackb.
rugosipennis, Fairm.
aspericeps, Blackb.
rostrata, Blessig.
violacetpennis, Waterh.
Sedillott, Fairm.
purpureipennis, Waterh..
Supplementary tabulation of Zonites that for want of infor-
mation on the antennal characters could not be included in the
preceding tabulation.
65
A. Elytra not coarsely rugulose.
Bb. Elytra entirely or for most part testaceous or rufo-testaceous.
C. Head testaceous.,
D. Legs not black.
E. Elytra closely punctulate.
F. Elytra unicolorous . fuscicornis, Macl.
FF. Elytra brown about base and apex annulata, Macl.
EE. Elytra thinly 2 sami .» @picalis, Macl.
DD. Legs black o ie ... pallida, Macl.
CU. Head black . Ps : .. cylindracea, Fairm.
BB. Elytra black, ‘narrowly bordered with
testaceous.
C. Elytra strongly punctulate A ... jflaviceps, Waterh.
CC. Elytra very finely punctulate ... limbipennis, Fairm.
AA. Elytra coarsely rugulose.
B. Prothorax testaceous or rufo-testaceous.
C. Under-surface black.
D. Prothorax strongly canaliculate .. flavicrus, Fairm.
DD. Prothorax feebly and inverruptedly
canaliculate , rugata, Fairm.
CC. Under-surface rufo- testaceous, .. semtrufa, Fairm.
BB. Prothorax black.
C. Under-surface black.
D. Prothorax 3-foveolate on each side ... indagacea, Fairm.
DD. Prothorax with less than 3 fovez on
each side.
KE. Prothorax strongly canaliculate ... sgro-wnea, Fairm.
EE. Prothorax very feebly canaliculate fanthinipennis, Fairm.
CC. Under-surface red... a ... vtolacea, Hope.
Z. Cowleyi, sp. nov. Testacea, antennis palpis pedibusque
(femoribus ad basin exceptis) infuscatis; minus nitida ;
capite valde elongato antice anguste rostriformi (labro quam
latiori multo longiori), sparsius subfortiter punctulato, inter
oculos longitudinaliter canaliculato; palpis maxillaribus
valde elongatis (quam antennarum articuli basales 3 con-
juncti vix brevioribus), articulo apicali gracili apicem versus
paruim incrassato ; antennis exempli typici fractis, articulo
2° quam 1" vix breviori ; oculis permagnis, supra et subtus
subcontiguis; prothorace quam (ad basin) latiori parum
longiori, a basi ad apicem arcuatim angustato supra sat
zequali, fere ut caput punctulato sed paullo magis crebre ;
elytris breviter pubescentibus confertim subtiliter punctula-
tis, lineis elevatis haud instructis. Long., 61 1.; lat., 121.
The head of this species is so peculiar as to suggest a question
whether it might not be regarded as generically distinct from
Zonitis, but most of the characters seem to be only exaggerations
of what is to be found in other species of the genus. The head
is not much longer (though it is narrower and more rostriform in
front) than that of Z. rostrata, Blessig. The eyes are much
larger than in any other Zonitis that I have seen, and the
maxillary palpi much longer than in any other except longipalpis
E
66
(described below). I cannot find any other character at all
suggestive of generic difference from Zonitis, of which it has
completely the facies. It should be noted that only two joints
of an antenna remain in the unique type, so that [ am not
absolutely certain of the second joint being not much shorter than
the third, but as the second joint is scarcely shorter than the basal
one there is no likelihood of its being much shorter than the
third.
Tropical Queensland ; taken by Mr. Cowley.
Z. subrugata, sp. nov. Sat brevis; minus angusta; obscure
rufa, elytris obscure viridibus submetallicis, capite tibiis
tarsisque picescentibus; minus nitida; capite modice
elongato, antice minus angustato (labro leviter transverso,
antice truncato), dupliciter (subtiliter et rugulose sat
grosse) confertim punctulato ; antennarum articulo 2° quam
3"* tertia parte breviori; oculis modicis sat transversis ;
prothorace quam latiori parum longiori, antice sat angustato,
ut caput punctulato, pone medium longitudinaliter breviter
canaliculato, sat inequali (ante medium bifoveolato), later-
ibus pone medium sat parallelis ante medium antrorsum
arcuatim convergentibus, angulis anticis nullis; elytris con-
fertim nec grosse rugulosis, lineis elevatis nullo modo
perspicuis. Long., 51.; lat., 21.
‘The head and prothorax ace subopaque owing to the presence
.of close fine puncturation, among which is thinly intermingled
a number of feebly impressed somewhat coarse punctures. The
elytral puncturation is not unlike that of Z. tricolor, but is very
evidently less fine and more asperate. This species in many
respects corresponds with the description of Z. rugata, Fairm.
(of which its author says he has seen only examples probably
immature), but I do not think it can be that species, as its
elytra are described as “ rugose-vermiculate with the interstices
sparsely punctulate,” which does not at all fit the present insect,
which also differs from the description in having the under-
surface (not black but) red, an improbable variation if the type
was immature ; also in the elytra not being acuminate behind,
the prothorax having two very well defined round fovee in front
of the middle, &e.
Australia ; exact locality uncertain, but probably S.A.
4 queenslandica, sp. nov. Anguste subcylindrica; testacea,
capite palpis antennis pedibusque (coxis femorumque basi
anticis exceptis) nigro-piceis, corpore subtus maculatim
infuscato, elytris apicem versus externe piceis; sat nitida ;
capite sat elongato (labro transverso antice subtruncato),
antice (ut 7. bipartite, Fairm.) leviter concavo (area concava
67
postice rotundata bene definita) ; antennarum articulo 2°
brevissimo ; oculis magnis subtransversis ; prothorace quam
latiori paullo longiori, antice modice angustato, supra sat
zequali, sparsim subtiliter punctulato, lateribus leviter
arcuatis, latitudine majori paullo pone medium posita ;
elytris subcrebre minus subtiliter punctulatis, lineis non-
nullis subelevatis vix manifeste instructis. Long., 6 1; lat.,
121.
The most elongate and cylindric species known to me of the
genus. Its form seems to forbid any possibility of identity with
Z. apicalis, Macl., which is described as having elytra ‘“sub-
depressed, broad, and broadest at the apex,” but seems to bear a
considerable resemblance to this insect in colouring, though
differing by its testaceous head. This insect also resembles Z.
bipartita, Fairm., but differs from it inter alia by its black head,
third joint of antenne much longer in proportion to the second,
even surface of prothorax, much closer and distinct puncturation
of elytra, much longer and narrower form, and the better defined
concave area on the head, which has its hind margin much more
sharply defined.
Queensland.
Z. longipalpis, sp. nov. Minus elongata, minus angusta ; nigro
picea, mandibulis prothorace elytris tarsorum posticorum
basi summa et unguiculis flavis ; sat nitida; capite fortiter
elongato antice angustato (labro quam latiori longiori),
sparsim punctulato, antice minus sparsim; antennarum
articulo 3° quam 2"* tertia parte longiori ; oculis sat magnis
sat transversis, supra interspatio lato separatis, palpis
maxillaribus valde elongatis (quam antennarum articuli
basales 3 conjuncti sublongioribus); prothorace quam
latiori paullo longiori, antice sat fortiter angustato, sparsis-
sime punctulato, foveolis antice 2 postice 1 impressis, haud
canaliculato, lateribus a medio antrorsum fortiter sinuatim
(retrorsum leviter sat recte) convergentibus, angulis anticis
distinctis ; elytris leviter sparsius indeterminate punctulatis
vix subrugulosis, lineis subelevatis 3 manifeste instructis.
Long., 51.; lat., 12 1.
This species may be distinguished from the other Australian
Zonites known to me, except 7. Cowleyi, Blackb., by the great
length of its maxillary palpi. From Z. Cowleyi it differs widely
by inter alia the very much shorter second joint of its antenne,
and the very much less defined sculpture of its elytra. The
number and arrangement of the impressions on its prothorax are
peculiar, but I do not feel confident that these present very
reliable specific distinctions in the Zonites.
S. Australia (Hawker district). In the S.A. Museum.
68
Z. yorkensis, sp. nov. Hlongata, subcylindrica ; nigra, elytris et
(nonnullorum exemplorum) prothorace aliqua ex parte rufis ;
sat nitida; capite sat elongato, antice minus angustato
(labro transverso), antice sparsim vix subtiliter (postice
sparsissime) punctulato, vertice manifeste canaliculato ;
antennarum articulo 3° quam 2™ circiter duplo longiori;
oculis modicis quam Z. tricoloris magis oblique positis ;
prothorace quam latiori paullo longiori, antice minus
angustato, sparsissime punctulato, pone medium longi-
tudinaliter breviter canaliculato, utrinque foveolis nonnullis
plus minusve fortiter impresso, lateribus pone medium sat
parallelis ante medium antrorsum arcuatim convergentibus,
angulis anticis nullis; elytris sparsius ieviter minus sub-
tiliter punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 vel 4 vix perspicue
instructis. Long., 51.; lat., 141.
A narrow cylindric species near cylindracea, Fairm., but I
think it can hardly be that species, chiefly because the latter is
described as having antenne, the second joint of which is
“ distincte ” shorter than the third, whereas in this species it is
not more than half the length of the third (in other species with
a second joint as short M. Fairemaire uses the term ‘ multo
brevior”) - because the prothorax is said to be non canaliculate ;
because the elytra are described as having three somewhat
elevated lines, the intervals between which are ‘sat fortiter
punctata ” and “ tenuiter rugosula,” with which the elytra of
this insect by no means correspond ; and because the head is said
to be “sat dense punctatum,” and impressed in an oblong form
between the antennz, while in 7. yorkensis the head is sparsely
(though not very finely) punctulate (very much more sparsely
than in opaco-rufa, Fairm., with which its author compares
cylindracea without mentioning a difference in the puncturation
of the head), and has nothing of the nature of an oblong im-
pression occupying the space between the bases of the antennz ;
but that space is somewhat vaguely uneven in its middle part,
with a short furrow on either side close to the base of the
antenne. It may be added, moreover, that Z. cylindracea is
said to be from Richmond R. district, N.S.W., a region certainly
having very few species in common with the locality of Z.
yorkensis.
S.A. (Yorke’s Peninsula).
Z. Carpentaria, sp. nov. Angusta, cylindrica; testacea, palpis
labro mandibulis ad apicem antennis tibiis tarsis et (basi
excepta) elytris nigro-piceis ; sat nitida; capite valde
elongato sparsim subtilius punctulato, lateribus ante oculos
sat parallelis (labro leviter transverso) ; antennarum articulo
3° quam 2" duplo longiori ; oculis sat magnis sat transversis
69
(inter hos interspatio supra quam antennaruim articuli
basalis longitudo haud latiori); prothorace quam latiori ut
13 ad 1 longiori, antice valde angustato, subtilissime (vix
perspicue) punctulato, subtiliter canaliculato, utrinque pone
medium fovea leviter impresso, lateribus pone medium sat
parallelis ante medium sat fortiter sinuatis, angulis anticis
(superne visis) obtusis ; elytris subtilissime crebre ruguloso-
punctulatis, lineis subelevatis vix perspicuis. Long., 44 1.;
lat., 121.
A very distinct species, most readily recognisable perhaps by
the space between the eyes on the upper surface (at any rate in
one sex—probably in both sexes) being scarcely as wide as the
length of the basal joint of the antenne. This results from the
narrowness of the head rather than the eyes being particularly
large. The prothorax, also, is unusually narrow and elongate.
Tropical Queensland ; given to me by Mr. Koebele.
Z. aspericeps, sp. nov. I propose this name for a Zonitis which
I described (Tr. Roy. Soc., S.A., XIT., p. 141) as “var (1) A” of
nigro-enea, Fairm. It is quite distinct from nigro-enea by inter
alia the rugulose and much closer puncturation of its head.
PALASSTRA.
In the only two species (of this genus) of which I know both
sexes, the male is very much smaller than the female, and has
much longer antenne, their joints only slightly dilated. Seven
names have been applied to members of this genus, but three of
them seem to be certainly synonyms, partly through the non-
recognition of the fact that the difference in the length and
dilatation of the antenne is sexual. The names, I think, should
-stand as follows :—
1. rufipennis, Cast.
rufipennis (Tmesidera), Westw.
quadrifoveata, Fairm. (Mas.).
eucera, Fairm.
assimilis (Tmesidera), Hope.
platycera, Fairm.
4. rufocincta, Fairm.
wo be
GOETYMES.
G. pictipes, sp. nov. Niger, labro antennis (harum laminis
apicem versus obscuris) tibiis tarsisque flavis, elytris (apice
nigro excepto) pallide brunneis ; setulis brevibus erectis in
capite prothorace que crebre vestitus; capite crebre sub-
fortiter punctulato; prothorace transverso, canaliculato,
subineequali, subtiliter sat crebre punctulato, antice abrupte
angustato, Jateribus rectis, basi lobato; scutello elongato
eanaliculato ; elytris costatis, fere ut prothorax punctulatis.
Long., 54 1.—61.
70
IT have seen only two specimens of this insect, and I take them
to be males. The antenne are structurally quite as Mr. Pascoe
describes those of G. flavicornis. The present species inter alia
differs so entirely in colour from the earlier one, and is so much
smaller (only about half the size) that there can be no fear of
confusing them.
Victoria ; on the sea beach near Melbourne (Mr. French).
GDEMERIDA.
I have recently been overhauling the Hdemeride in the South
Australian Museum and in my own collection, and find many
undescribed species. There is great difficulty in apportioning
them generically, as considerable confusion seems to exist re-
garding the names of some of the genera, and much. a'teration has
taken place during recent years. For example, in Cist Ent. IT.,
p. 228, Mr. Waterhouse described two Tasmanian species under
the generic name Sessinra; in Trans. Ent. Soc., 1895, Mr.
Champion placed them in Asclera; in the Catalogue of
(Hdemeride, recently published by the same author (Ann. Soc.
Ent., Belg., XLIIT., pp. 55 and 56) they appear under the name
Ischnomera, Asclera being dropped. The type of Jschnomera is
stated by Lacordaire to be J. melanura, Linn., but as that species
is far, indeed, generically from the Tasmanian species mentioned
above it is to be supposed that Mr. Champion has discovered
melanura not to be the real type of Ischnomera. Mr. Champion’s
Catalogue of M@demeride including only recently described
species, it is of course impossible to ascertain from it to what
genus he regards melanura as really belonging, but it is probable
that he would place it in Nacerdes, in which Lacordaire placed it
(treating Ischnomera as a synonym of Nacerdes, which Mr.
Champion, no doubt, has found to have been error).
Scarcely any of the Australian @demeride are now referred to
the genera in which they stand in Mr. Masters’ Catalogue.
Selenopalpus appears to rest upon Sir W. Macleay’s very hesitat-
ing reference to it of his §. (?) fuscuws and §. Mastersi ; the other
species (cyaneus, Fab.) having been called Gidemera by its author
(it has been called also Lagria and Dryops.) I should say that
Sir W. Macleay’s species are perhaps not (demeride, as their
author, in his description, says “‘ neck large,” and the description
of the prothorax of fuscus does not read like that of a member
of the family. Why he refers the species to Selenopalpus it is
difficult to discover, as he says ‘‘they do not answer exactly to
the description given of the maxillary palpi of Selenopalpus, and
as far as I can ascertain no other characters have been given for
that genus.” Fabricius’ species is certainly, I think, not re-
cognisable unless the type could be examined, especially as
Olivier’s later description does not agree with that of Fabricius.
71
dnanca (to which most of the remaining described (demeride
have been attributed) is now stated by Mr. Champion to be an
insutliciently characterised genus, most of the species of which
belong to Copidita or Oxacis. Sessinia (accidently omitted from
Masters’ Catalogue) is dismissed on the same grounds as Ananca
and its Australian species, as noted above, are referred to
Ischnomera. Ischnomera mansueta, Newm. (the only one of the
genus enumerated in Master’s Cat.) is from its description
evidently not congeneric with the species now placed in
Ischnomera. Of the Australian genera added since Mr. Masters’
Cat. was published, Jthaca is stated to be identical with Dohrnia;
Trichananca—as stated below, is perhaps not an (Hdemerid, and
Pseudananca was described as an extremely anomalous form
whose place in the (Kdemeride is doubtful. This leaves only
Pseudolycus and Dohrnia of Masters’ Cat. unchanged, and there
have since been added (most of them including species enumerated
under other names by Mr. Masters) Copidita, Ischnomera, and
Techmessa. As the insect which Lacordaire calls Macerdes
melanura, Linn., occurs in Australia (imported, no doubt) and is
certainly not a member of any of the genera I have mentioned
above as now admitted to be Australian, V. acerdes must be
added.
Unfortunately, I do not find that the Australian (Kdemeride
before me can be satisfactorily placed in so small a number of
genera as the six above enumerated. I have tried to apportion
the specimens generically by means of Mr. Horn’s paper on the
(Gdemeride of N. America (in Proc. Calif. Acad. of Sci., 1896) but
I find in it such serious discrepancies in the treatment of genera.
with Mr. Champion’s views that it does not seem safe to follow
him. For example, he says that almost the only difference between
Copidita and Asclera consists in the claws of the former being
simple while those of the latter are toothed, and intimates that
he considers it « scarcely sufficient distinction for treating them
as two genera. But in this he differs from Lacordaire, who
makes the claws of Asclera simple. In examples of the European
A. cerulea, Linn., in my collection the claws are not absolutely
simple (as they are in e.g. Copidita 4-maculata, Motsch , of which
I have specimens before me), but “ toothed” certainly seems to-
me scarcely the term to describe their structure; I should call
them ‘‘appeudiculate.” Mr. Champion, however ((oc. cit.) places.
in Asclera species (e.g. sublineata, Waterh.) which have simple
claws, and distinguishes the genus from Copidita by its finely
granulated eyes.
In the face of all these difficulties it would evidently be un-
desirable for me, at present, to found new genera for the Aus-
tralian (Hdemeride that do not satisfactorily fit into the six
72
genera enumerated above, and it would be misleading to refer
them without qualification to those genera. I therefore adopt the
expedient of furnishing the following table, which will enable the
student to determine with ease the genus to which I should refer
any specimen that might be under observation, and at the same
time will indicate which of the species I describe are not typical
representatives of the genera in which I place them. The species
of this non-typical description are for the most part allied to
Copidita and Oxacis by their principal characters rather than to
any other genera, and it is worthy of note that the characters dis-
tinguishing them from Copidita and Oxacis are in most cases
characters that Mr. Horn regards (oc. cit.) as not involving generic
distinction from Copidita afd Oxacis although exceptional i in those
genera. J may say however that I do not share this opinion
with Mr. Horn, and that I am deterred from founding new
genera on those characters only by the uncertainty that prevails
(or at any rate has lately prevailed evenif Mr. Champion’s recent
Catalogue can be regarded as final on the subject) as to what are
the real types of some of the older genera.
I should add that Pseudolycus apicalis, Macl. (of which I have
an example compared with the type) is certainly not a member
of any of the genera mentioned in the following table. I doubt
its being an Wdemerid, judging from such examination as is
practicable without damaging my unique example, and incline to
think it a Pyrochroid. U may remark in passing that M. Lacor-
daire’s diagnosis of the Pyrochroide differs very little from that
of the @demer ‘ide, the principal distinctions he gives being that
the former has mandibles scarcely passing the apex of the labrum,
the head narrowed behind into a neck, antenne pectinated or
flabellated ; while in the latter the mandibles are longer, the .
antenne simple or with some compressed joints, and the head
gradually narrowed behind. Pseudolycus apicalis has mandibles
reaching considerably beyond the labrum, the head with cer-
tainly a little more of a neck than Pseudolycus, and the antenne
strongly serrate. Comparing examples of Pyrochroide and
Gdemeride in my own collection I find that the Gdemerde
have (at least) the apical joint of their tarsi spongiose beneath
and their prothorax more or less cordiform (or at least tending
towards that shape), neither of which characters can I find in
any Pyrochroid known to me. LP. apicalis, Macl., presents
neither of these latter characters. In the following table I have
included this species and the two doubtful Qdemer id genera, and
place their names in italics to indicate the uncertainty of their
position.
73
A. Antenne filiform, more or less slender, and decidedly elongate.
B. Mandibles bifid at apex.
C. Two spines at apex of front tibiz.
D. Eyes coarsely granulate.
E. Claws simple.
F. Apical joint of maxillary palpi about twice as long as penul-
timate.
G. Antenne inserted close to the
eyes
GG. Antennze inserted not close to
the eyes.. 5
FF, Apical joint of maxillary paipi
scarcely longer than penulti-
mate
EE. Claws strongly, toothed beneath
(sub-bifid)
DD. Eyes finely granulate.
E. Head short, eyes somewhat round
EE. Head more hen eyes more
oblong ;
CC. Only one spine at apex of front tibice
BB. Mandibles simple at apex (eyes coarsely
granulate, claws simple, front tibiz
bi-spinose).
C. Head short ..
CC. Head considerably 1 more elongate.
D. Eyes gently transverse’...
DD. Eyes strongly longitudinal
AA. Antenne more robust and considerably
shorter.
B. Eyes coarsely granulate
BB. Eyes finely granulate
AAA. Antenne with intermediate joints more
or less compressed in contrast with the
others - Mee
AAAA. Antenne serrate.
B. Size moderate (about 4 1.) ts
BB. Size very small (less than 2 1. )
COPIDITA (typical).
Angusta, valde elongata ; testacea, capite
C. baldiensis, sp. nov.
>
Copidita (typical).
Copidita (Sub-section I).
Copidita (Sub-section LI).
Copidita (Sub-section III).
(Schmidt).
Ischnomera (Asclera,
Dohrnia.
Nacerdes.
Oxacis (? typical).
Oxacis (Sub-section I).
Oxacis (Sub-section II).
Trichananca.
Techmessa.
Pseudolyeus.
[ Macl.
(Pseudolycus) apicalis,
Pseudananca.
prothoracis macula utrinque posita et abdominis segmentis
posticis 3 nigris, elytris nigro-cyaneis, antennis (harum
articulis ultimis 4 apicem versus testaceis) palpis maxillari-
bus pedibusque (femoribus, apicibus exceptis, testaceis)
piceis; capite parum elongato, minus crebre minus sub-
tiliter punctulato; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo
elongato-cultriformi ; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis ; antennis
gracilibus, articulo ultimo appendiculato; oculis magnis
sat fortiter granulatis ; prothorace pernitido, sparsim sub-
tiliter punctulato, cordiformi, inzquali (antice canaliculato
et utrinque foveolato, postice fovea magna mediana im-
presso, partibus nigris subtuberculiformibus), quam latiori
paullo Jongiori ; scutello crebre subtiliter punctulato ; elytris
74
pube brevi minus dense vestitis, crebre subtiliter punctulatis,
lineis subelevatis 3 obsolete instructis. Long., 44—6 1.;.
lat., 1—1}1.
A very slender and elongate species, not very close to any
other known to me. Resembling in form and structure C.
nigronotata, Bohem.; its colours and markings are more like:
those of australis, Boisd. (though differing considerably in the
black head, yellow scutellum, yellow sterna, piceous tibize and
tarsi, d&c.).
Victoria ; Australian Alps (near the summit of Mount Baldi).
C’. Kershawi, sp. nov. Sat angusta, sat elongata; testacea,
antennarum articulis (ultimo excepto) in parte majori apicali
nigris, prothorace (parte basali—in medio antrorsum pro-
ducta,—excepta) elytris (sutura,—hac fere ad medium late et
prope apicem ut fascia lata margines laterales attingenti
dilatata—excepta) genubusque nigris, tibiis (plus minusve) et
tarsis (articulis apicalibus 2 exceptis) piceis; capite sat
elongato, subtilius vix crebre punctulato, in parte postica
longitudinaliter canaliculato ; palporum maxillarium articulo.
apicali elongato-cultriformi ; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis ;.
antennis sat gracilibus, articulo ultimo appendiculato ;.
oculis magnis sat fortiter granulatis; prothorace pernitido,
subtilius sparsius punctulato, subcordiformi, inzquali
(postice in medio canaliculato et impresso, antice utrinque
fovea lata leviter impresso), quam latiori vix longiori ;.
scutello crebre punctulato; elytris pube brevi sat dense
vestitis, confertim sat subtiliter subaspere punctulatis, lineis
subelevatis 3 minus perspicue instructis. Long., 44 1.;
fat, 121:
The colours and markings of this species are very different
from those of the other described Australian Copidite. The
conspicuous yellow and black variegation of its antennz is very
noticeable. It is, perhaps, nearest structurally to the preceding
(CO. baldiensis), but differs inter alia by its head strongly canalicu-
late in the hinder part, its shorter and wider prothorax, the more:
crowded and asperate puncturation of its elytra, cc.
Victoria ; taken by Mr. Kershaw.
C. Sloanei, sp. nov. Angusta, sat elongata; supra kreviter
pubescens; testacea, capite palpis antennis abdominis segmen-
tis 3° 4° que pedibusque (femorum basi et tarsorum articulis
apicalibus 2 exceptis) piceis vel nigris, elytris piceis vel
nigris plus minusve cyanescentibus et testaceo-notatis (scil.
macula communi mediana quadrata, et apice summo) ;
capite sat elongato crebrius subtilius punctulato ; palporum
maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi ; mandi-
(5)
bulis ad apicem bifidis; antennis gracilibus, articulo ultimo
appendiculato ; oculis magnis, fortiter granulatis ; prothor-
ace sparsim subtiliter punctulato, cordiformi, inzquali
(postice in medio, antice utrinque, late leviter impresso),
quam latiori paullo longiori ; scutello crebre punctulato ;
elytris confertim sat subtiliter subaspere punctulatis, lineis
subelevatis 3 minus perspicue instructis. Long. 4 1. ;
lat., 11.
Resembles the preceding (C. Kershaw) in style of colouring
though differing much in detail (e.g., in its unicolorous antenne),
but widely distinct in colour and markings from all the other
described species. Structurally it differs from C. Kershawi, inter
alia, by its much longer and narrower prothorax, and its non-
canaliculate head.
Australia ; taken by Mr. Sloane (probably in N.S. W.).
C. (2) (Bdemera) bivittata, Boisd. The brief description of this
species reads very much as if it might have been founded on the
insect that Mr. Champion has since described as C’. bipartita, but
the question of identity could only be decided by an examination
of Boisduval’s insect, so for the present it is best to disregard his
name.
C. languida, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus gracilis ; breviter
pubescens (prothorace glabro excepto) ; testacea, palporum
antennarumque articulis singulis (horum ultimis 4 exceptis)
prothoracis utrinque macula lunata, elytris [macula basali
parva et vitta communi suturali (hac antice et postice
abbreviata, ante et pone medium fasciatim dilatata,—fasciis
margines laterales haud attingentibus sed ad apicem ramos
longitudinales emittentibus) exceptis] tibiis tarsis abdomine-
que (his maculatim) et genubus piceis vel nigro piceis ;.
capite modice elongato, confertim subtiliter punctulato ;
palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi ;
mandibulis ad apicem bifidis; antennis sat gracilibus,
articulo ultimo in medio valde constricto (subdeformi) ;
oculis magnis sat grosse sed leviter granulatis ; prothorace
pernitido, sparsim subtiliter punctulato, cordiformi, inzequali
(postice in medio, antice utrinque, late profunde impresso),
quam latiori paullo longiori; scutello crebre subtiliter punc-
tulato; elytris confertim subtiliter punctulatis, lineis sub-
elevatis 3 perspicue instructis. Long., 61.; lat., 121.
Resembles C. Sloanei somewhat in the style of its colours and
markings, though differing considerably in detail. It is consider-
ably larger than that species, with its elytral puncturation very
evidently finer, less asperate, the raised lines on its elytra much
more defined, its prothorax more strongly cordiform with the
inequalities of the surface much deeper, the variegation of
76
colours on its antennze much less defined, &c., &e. It differs
from all its congeners known to me by the very strong median
constriction of the apical joint of its antenne, and by the feebler,
though scarcely less coarse, granulation of its eyes.
Queensland (In the 8.A. Museum).
coPIpITA (Sub-section I.),
C. hilaris, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus angusta; nigra,
antennis basin versus subtus (articulis ultimis exempli
typici carentibus) prothorace (hoc utrinque apicem versus
nigro - gibboso) elytrisque rufis; capite parum elongato,
nitido, subtiliter minus crebre punctulato; palporum
maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi; mandi-
‘bulis ad apicem bifidis ; antennis gracilibus, articulo apicali
appendiculato, parte appendiculata dilutiori ; oculis magnis,
sat fortiter granulatis ; prothorace nitido, fere levi, cordi-
formi, ineequali (postice in medio, et antice utrinque, foveo-
lato), quam Jongiori vix latiori, ad latera antice gibboso ;
elytris pube sat densa vestitis, confertim subtiliter sub-
aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 perspicue instructis.
Long., 33 1.; lat., 14.1.
An extremely distinct species, not resembling any other known
“to me in its colouring. Its antenne inserted not close to the
eyes are suggestive of Chrysanthia, of which genus it is, perhaps,
a member, but I hesitate to place it there on account of its eyes
being feebly emarginate, the second joint of its antenne very
short, its general form not exceptionally slender, &c. Mr. Horn
includes in Copidita species having the antenne inserted not
close to the eyes, so I have good authority for placing the present
species (at any rate provisionally) in that genus.
Victoria ; sent to me by Mr. Kershaw.
COPIDITA (Sub-section I1.).
C. pulchra, sp. nov. Elongata, angusta; minus nitida; rufo-
testacea, capite antennis palpis pedibus (femorum basi
excepta) abdomineque nigro-piecis, elytris lete cyaneis ;
capite sat brevi, crebrius subtilins punctulato ; palporum
maxillarium articulo ultimo subsecuriformi quam penultimus
parum longiori ; mandibulis ad apicem bifidis ; antennis sat
gracilibus ; oculis magnis, fortiter granulatis ; prothorace
erebrius subfortiter punctulato, sat cordiformi, leviter
ineequali (postice in medio, et antice utrinque, leviter
impresso), quam latiori sat longiori ; elytris confertim sub-
tilius aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 perspicue
instructis. Long., 33 1.; lat., 14 1. (vix).
ldad
et
A very pretty species, with the general appearance of a
Dohrnia, but having eyes granulated like those of a typical
Copidita. The short apical joint of its maxillary palpi seems to
me inconsistent with a place in the latter genus. However, fo
present convenience I follow Mr. Horn in treating that asa
non-generic character.
Victoria.
copipira (Sub-section ITT.).
C. dentipes, sp. nov. LElongata, sat angusta; minus nitida ;.
rufo-testacea, capite antennis palpis tibiis tarsis (horum
articulis apicalibus 2 exceptis) metasterno abdomineque
piceis vel nigro-piceis, elytris obscure cyaneis ; capite sat
brevi, subtilius minus crebre punctulato; palporum maxil-
larium articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi; mandibulis ad
apicem bifidis ; antennis sat gracilibus ; oculis magnis, grosse
granulatis ; prothorace crebrius subtilius punctulato, cordi-
formi, vix inequali, quam latiori vix longiori; elytris con-
fertim vix aspere subtilius punctulatis, lineis elevatis vix
perspicue instructis; unguiculis subtus apicem versus
dentatis (sub-bifidis). Long., 34.1; lat., 141.
Very like the preceding (C. pulchra) in colour and general
appearance, but, inter alia, easily distinguishable by its strongly
dentate claws, which Mr. Horn would regard as removing it from
Copidita. Its very strongly granulated eyes are inconsistent
with Jschnomera (Asclera). No doubt it will eventually form a
new genus.
Australia (exact locality uncertain).
DOHRNIA.
This genus was founded upon a species having extraordinary
antennal sexual characters. The eminent specialist on the
Heteromera, Mr. Champion (Tr. E.8., Lond., 1895, p. 246)states that
those sexual characters are not generic, and describes a species
from Tasmania in which they are wanting. I find that I have
an undescribed species in my collection which may be referred to
Dohrnia.
D. (Ananea ?) Boisduvali, Blackb. This species, referred by
me to Ananca doubtfully (I regarded its simple antennez as re-
moving it from Dohrnia) is closely allied to D. simplex, Champ.,
which I have collected in various localities in Tasmania. It
differs from the latter inter alia by the colouring of its head and
legs, and by its much smaller prothorax, the sides of which are
much more strongly incurved behind the anterior tuberosity,
making the segment very much narrower in the hinder part and
the extremities of the base much more prominent,
78
D. eremita, sp. nov. (Fem.). Elongata; supra plumbeo-nigra,
prothorace rufo-testaceo; subtus nigroviridis, prothorace
coxis (anticis aliqua ex parte exceptis) femoribusque (parte
apicali excepta) testaceis ; pube brevi subtus sparsim supra
sat crebre vestita ; antennis sat elongatis, articulis singulis
pube (basin versus cinerea, apicem versus nigra) vestitis, 3°
quam 2"* vix tertia parte longiori, ultimo vix perspicue con-
stricto; capite crebre subtilius punctulato, ante oculos
modice elongato (quam D. simplicis, Champ., paullo magis
lato minus elongato); oculis ut D. simplicis; prothorace
cordato, antice transversim leviter impresso, crebre fortius
subaspere punctulato; elytris ut D. simplicis, Champ.
(crebre subtiliter punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 4 instructis).
Long., 41.; lat., 14 1.
Resembles D. simplex, Champ., but differs from it by, inter
alia, the different colouring of its legs and under surface, the
considerably greater length of its antenne, the evidently less
prolongation of its head in front of the antenne, and the much
closer and stronger puncturation of its-prothorax.
Victoria ; Black Spur.
NACERDES.
NV. melanura, Linn. This now cosmopolitan species occurs in
widely separated localities in Australia. The examples before
me are from 8. Australia, N.S. Wales, and Victoria.
OXAcIs (?)
As I have not seen an example of any American species of
Oxacis, there is a doubt as to whether, if compared with an
American specimen, the Australian insects that I attribute to the
genus might not require the provision of a new generic name.
Nevertheless, there is no character mentioned in Mr. Horn’s
diagnosis of the genus (unless it be ‘form slender,” which
scarcely fits the species before me) inconsistent with its
applying to at least the first two of the species enumerated
below. The other species do not appear to be separable from
those two if structural differences so great as Mr. Horn includes
within the limits of Copzdita may be regarded as non-generic ;
although I have little doubt that the aggregates, which I now
call sub-sections of Oxacis, will sooner or later be treated as good
genera.
0. (Hdemera) australis, Boisd. (7). Modice elongata, minus
angustata ; breviter pubescens; cyaneo-plumbea, capite in
medio palpis maxillaribus (apice summo excepto) mandibulis
(nonnullorum exemplorum apice excepto) antennarum basi
prothorace (macula magna utrinque posita excepta) coxis
femoribus tibiisque rufo-testaceis ; capite sat brevi, crebre
79
minus subtiliter punctulato ; palporum maxillarium articulo
ultimo securiformi, quam precedens multo longiori ; mandi-
bulis ad apicem simplicibus minus acutis; antennis modice
robustis longioribus (maris multo, feminz parum) quam cor-
poris dimidium, articulo 2° brevi, ultimo vix perspicue appen-
diculato ; oculis modicis, sat transversis, modice (7.e., vix
fortiter) granulatis ; prothorace subcordiformi, crebre sub-
fortiter punctulato, ante medium transversim depresso, quam
latiori paullo longiori ; elytris confertim subtiliter subaspere
punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 3 vix perspicue instructis ;
antennis ab oculis intervallo parvo separatis ; unguiculis
inermibus. Long., 3—9) 1.; lat., 1—14 1.
Boisduval’s description merely mentions the colours and the
-~puncturation of the prothorax, but as they apply very satisfac-
torily to the insect before me, I have thought it best: to re-
describe it with Boisduval’s name,—wnhich appears in Master’s
Cat. under Ancana. It agrees in all respects with Horn’s
diagnosis of Oxacis except in its form being (for an @demerid)
somewhat robust rather than slender. Champion calls the eyes of
Oxacis “coarsely” granulate (Horn does not characterise the eyes),
which they are not in the present species, though they can
scarcely be called “finely” granulate ; their granulation is finer
than in Copidita, and less fine than in Dohrnia (e.g., Simplea,
Champ.).
S. Australia ; not rare on flowers.
O. (Ananca) Zietzi, Blackb. This species agrees like the
preceding with the characters attributed by Mr. Horn to Oxacis
(in one of them even better, the antenne being more slender)
and agrees better with Mr. Champion’s additional character, its
eyes being somewhat more strongly granulated ; nevertheless, it
cannot, in my opinion, be rightly regarded as congeneric with the
preceding, differing from it in respect of characters that are not
mentioned by Horn or Champion, of which the principal seems
to be as follows :—The apical joint of the maxillary palpi, while
twice as long as the preceding joint, is much less strongly securi-
form than the same joint in australis, Blackb. (? Boisd.); the
tarsi are much more slender, and, owing to the penultimate joint
being much smaller, the claw joint projects very much further
beyond the penultimate ; owing to the long immersion in spirits
of the insects of the Callabonna expedition, the exact structure
of the under surface of the tarsal joints in this species is not
easy to determine, but as far as I can see the antepenultimate,
as well as the penultimate, joint is spongy-pubescent, and if I
were sure of that character it would, no doubt, justify the
creation of a new genus for O. (?) Zietzi. Its mandibles are (like
those of australis) simple at the apex; though narrowed to the
80
apex, the actual termination {is obtuse, not (as it should be in
Oxacis) acute, but if the expression be taken in a general sense
as equal to “ pointed,” it would apply well enough.
oxacis (7) (Sub-section [.).
O. (2) inquisitor, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus angusta ;
breviter pubescens; pallide testacea, mandibularum apice’
prothoracis linea longitudinali mediana elytris (margine
angusta excepta) et abdomine plus minusve infuscatis ;
capite elongato, minus crebre minus subtiliter punctulato ;
palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo leviter securiformi,
quam precedens paullo longiori; mandibulis ad apicem
simplicibus, vix acutis; antennis gravcilibus, articulo apicali
vix perspicue appendiculato ; oculis magnis, leviter trans-
versis sat fortiter granulatis ; prothorace subcordiformi ut
caput punctulato, vix inequali, quam latiori vix longiori
latitudine majori ad apicem sita; elytris confertim subtili-
ter nec aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis vix perspicue
instructis. Long., 441.; lat., 14.1.
This species is unmistakable, by the characters cited in the
preceding table. In colouring it evidently resembles Copidita
bipartita, Champ., from which its simple mandibles, no doubt,
readily separate it. In one specimen there is on the elytra a
short streak of paler colour from the base on the middle of the
dise in addition to the pale margin; in another example (an
immature one, I think) the prothorax has several feeble impres-
sions.
N.W. Australia.
O. (2) ornatipennis, sp. nov. HKlongata, angustata; pubescens ;
piceo-nigra, labro mandibulis basin versus antennis palpis
prothoracis vittis 2 elytrorum marginibus vittisque dis-
coidalibus nonnullis et pedibus plus minusve_testaceis ;
capite minus elongato, crebrius minus subtiliter punctulato ;
palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo elongato-securiformi,
quam precedens duplo longiori; mandibulis ad apicem
simplicibus subacutis ; antennis gracilibus, articulo ultimo.
vix manifeste appendiculato; oculis magnis, transversis,
fortiter granulatis; prothorace subcordiformi, ut caput
5 . 2 . . . . ; .
punctulato, inzquali (utrinque longitudinaliter impresso),
quam latiori parum longiori, latitudine majori paullo ante
medium sita; elytris crebre subtilius punctulatis, lineis sub-
elevatis vix perspicue instructis. Long., 4 1.; lat., 1 1.
The testaceous lines on the elytra are one sutural, one mar-
ginal, and one intermediate between the former two, all narrow,
sharply defined, and apparently constant ; some examples have
OE EE ee
81
faint indications of other lines in the intervals between the three
well-defined lines. This species is quite unlike any other of the
preceding species on account of its long narrow form as well as
its style of colouring; its general appearance is distinctly
suggestive of the Longicorn genus Syllitus. Its structural
characters do not seem to differ much from those of the pre-
ceding species (¢nqwisitor) except in its head being less elongate,
and the apical joint of its maxillary palpi being longer in pro-
portion to the second joint. Its prothorax is distinctly more
elongate, and has its greatest width not very much in front of
the middle. Compared with australis and Zietzi it has the head
narrower (and consequently longer in proportion to the width) in
front, and its eyes considerably more strongly granulate, with
the apical joint of the maxillary palpi more strongly securiform
than in Zetzi, and iess so than in australis.
N.W. Australia.
oxacis (Sub-section IT.).
O. (2) caviceps, sp. nov. Modice elongata, minus angustata ;
pubescens ; testacea, capite (postice) mandibulis ad apicem
prothorace (hoc inequaliter trivittatim) elytris (margine et
notulis nonnullis longitudinalibus discoidalibus antemedianis
exceptis) antennis tarsisque plus minusve infuscatis ; capite
elongato longitudinaliter concavo, subtilius minus crebre
punctulato; palporum maxillarium articulo ultimo leviter
securiformi, quam precedens paullo longiori ; mandibulis ad
apicem simplicibus subacutis; antennis gracilibus, articulo
apicali vix perspicue appendiculato; oculis permagnis,
fortiter longitudinalibus (superne visis), fortiter granulatis ;
prothorace subcordiformi, ut caput punctulato, vix inequali,
quam latiori parum longiori, latitudine majori sat longe pone
apicem sita ; elytris confertim subtiliter subaspere punctu-
latis, lineis subelevatis vix perspicue instructis. Long., 44—
54 1. ; lat., 12—12 1.
Evidently near imquisitor and much like it in colour and
markings, the infuscate parts however being much darker
in the present species, which moreover is decidedly more
nitid. The difference in the shape of the eyes however is so
great as to suggest more than specific separation, and I do not
think that difference is sexual. The shape of the ventral seg-
ments is uniform in all the specimens before me of both species
(the apical segment being widely rounded at its apex), but there
are specimens of either species with protruding genitalia
obviously identical in sex. Other structural differences are to be
found in the head of cawiceps being longitudinally concave and
F
82
its prothorax at the widest considerably behind the middle,
while the head of enquisitor is not longitudinally concave, and its
prothorax is at the widest across the apex.
N.W. Australia.
O. (?) linearis, sp. nov. Elongata, angusta; pubescens; piceo-
fusca, labro mandibulis basin versus clypeo (antice) anten-
narum articulo basali (subtus) prothoracis vittis 2 elytrorum
marginibus vittisque discoidalibus nonnullis et pedibus (his
fusco-adumbratis) testaceis ; capite valde elongato, sparsius
fortius inequaliter punctulato; palpis maxillaribus elongatis,
articulo ultimo elongato-cultriformi quam precedens sat
longiori ; mandibulis ad apicem simplicibus minus acutis ;
antennis gracilibus (exempli typici articulo ultimo carenti) ;
oculis permagnis fortiter longitudinalibus (superne visis),
fortiter granulatis; prothorace vix subcordiformi, fere ut
caput sed paullo magis crebre punctulato, indeterminate
ineequali (in medio longitudinaliter plus minusve subcarinato
et latera versus subimpresso), quam latiori dimidio longiori,
latitudine majori paullo ante medium sita; elytris crebre
subtilius aspere punctulatis, lineis subelevatis haud
instructis. Long., 3—441.; lat., —1,, I.
This is a very interesting little insect, and combines resem-
blance to one and another of the preceding five species in a dis-
tinctly perplexing fashion. In shape, colour, and markings it is
extremely like ornatipennis, but has, inter alia, the head very
much more elongate, the maxillary palpi very much more elon-
gate, the eyes quite differently shaped, the prothorax very much
more elongate and differently shaped, and the elytral markings
different in detail. In ornatipennis the well-defined apparently
constant lines are three in number (including the suture and
lateral margins) while in linearis there is an additional one
similar to the other three, and placed a short distance from the
lateral margin, and another (which, however, only reaches to
about the middle of the elytra) placed at a short distance from
the suture. The prothorax, to a casual glance, might appear as
if it ought to be called subcylindric, but on careful inspection it
is found to be of essentially similar form to those of its allies,
the difference being only of degree, owing to the less develop-
ment of the rotundity of outline in the front part of the sides.
Its eyes are altogether like those of O. caviceps, from which,
inter alia, it differs by the even longer and more rostriform front
part of its head, its very differently shaped and proportioned
prothorax, its very different markings, and much narrower build.
W. Australia (Coolgardie, &c.).
83
TRICHANANCA,.
A specimen sent to me by Mr. Lea as his Lemodes corticalis is
certainly congeneric (I think it is conspecific, though somewhat
ditferently coloured) with my 7. victoriensis. On careful con-
sideration [ think that, in spite of much unlikeness in facies, it is
really allied to Lemodes, though not generically identical. Apart
from general facies, I tind inter alia that the apical joint of the
maxillary palpi in ZLemodes is an equilateral triangle reversed
(its apex in contact with the penultimate joint, its base forming
the truncate apex of the palpus), while in 7’richananca the apical
joint is an isosceles triangle connected with the penultimate
joint by ashort stem protruding from the extremity of the base,—
much as it is in Copidita; in Trichananca the eyes are very
much larger and more coarsely granulate than in Lemodes ; in
Trichananca the front tarsi have their basal two joints of equal
length viewed from above, on the undersurface the basal joint is
seen to be considerably the longer (the basal joint being strongly
produced on one side, so as to resemble a bilobed joint with one of
its lobes broken off), and the claw joint is very short (the part
projecting beyond the fourth joint not being longer than the
fourth joint itself), while in Lemodes the basal joint is simple,
and twice as long as the second, the second third and fourth
joints are equal inter se and the claw joint is as long as the
preceding three together; in TZ'richananca the head is very
short in front so that the interval between the base of the man-
dibles and of the antenne is almost nil, while Lemodes has a
distinct muzzle so that there is quite a long interval between the
base of the antenne and of the mandibles ; in Lemodes the base
of the head is almost straight and scarcely narrower than the
head across the eyes, while in 7’richananca the width across the
eyes is by far the greatest width of the head. Unquestionably,
however, the structure of the sterna and coxe is sufficiently
similar in the two genera to suggest the probability of their being
allies, which is further indicated by the resemblance of the penul-
timate two joints of the maxillary palpi in one and the other.
It is possible, therefore, that I was in error in referring this
insect to the Gdemerida, and that if Lemodes is rightly placed
in the Pyrochroide (concerning which M. Lacordaire expresses
his doubt) the present genus also should, perhaps, stand in that
family. It should, however, be added that 7’. victoriensis bears
much more superficial resemblance to the Tasmanian and New
Zealand Techmessa than to Lemodes, except, perhaps, in its dis-
tinetly cordiform prothorax and stouter legs ; though its coarsely
granulated eyes and other characters forbid its being referred to
that genus. I cannot agree with Mr. Lea’s remark that the
head has a distinct neck. The relation between the head and
prothorax is quite as in Vechmessa.
84
TECHMESSA.
I have in my collection a Tasmanian specimen which seems to
be decidedly congeneric with Mr. Champion’s 7’. ruficollis.
Indeed, as I can find no discrepancy even as a species between it
and Mr. Champion’s description, except in respect of colour, Iam
obliged to regard it provisionally as a variety of that insect. It
is entirely black, except the mouth organs and labrum the
summit of the front coxe and the trochanters which are pitchy-
testaceous. It even presents the same prothoracis peculiarity as
Mr. Champion’s specimen (and which he mentions as abnormal)
in that the prothorax is rounded on one side and subangularly
dilated on the other. I consider it unquestionably allied rather
closely as a genus to my Z'richananca from which, however, it is
readily separated by good generic characters, especially the fine-
ness of the granulation of its eyes, the considerably less-dilatation
of the apical three joints of it maxillary palpi, and the greater
slenderness of its front tarsi—and, indeed, of its legs altogether.
PSEUDOLYCUS.
The species of this genus are extremely variable in respect of
colour and markings and unfortunately colour distinctions are
almost the only ones that have been referred to in the descrip-
tions. The number of names that have been applied to real or
supposed members of Psewdolycus are, so far as I know, seven,
and one of them (P. apicalis), as I have already stated, does not
represent a true Pseudolycus. P.cinctus, Mr.Champion has shown
(loc. cit.) to be a variety of hemorrhoidalis, Fab., and it seems to
be hardly doubtful that atratus, Guer., is another variety of the
same. LP. (Gdemera) luctwosa, Boisd., is described in seven
words, which exactly agree with the brief description of P.
atratus, Guer.; nevertheless, inasmuch as there is another species
of which they might very well be a Boisduvallian description,
and there is good reason to think that /wctwosa was not founded
on a Tasmanian specimen, it seems desirable to claim Boisdu-
val’s name for this latter species which, although very close to P.
hemorrhoidalis, Fab. (=cinctus, Guer. =atratus, Guer.) is, I
believe, really distinct from it. P. marginata, Guer., is the one
species of the genus that may be identified with some confidence
by the description of its author, and this identification is con-
firmed by the specimens which agree with the description having
been taken in the locality cited by Guerin, There remains P.
hemoptera, Guer., and this its author only conjectures to be Aus-
tralian. I have before me a Pseudolycus (in Victoria the most
plentiful species of the genus) which agrees fairly well with
Guérin’s description (differing most in being smaller than the size
Guerin states) and which, I think, may fairly be treated as.
ee
85
hemoptera—at any rate until an examination of the type shall
prove the contrary.
Thus I regard Pseudolycus as at present consisting of four
species, viz., hemorrhoidalis, Fab., luctuwosa, Boisd., marginata,
Guér., and hemoptera, Guér., to which I have to add two new
ones. The following table indicates characters by which the six
may be indentified :—
A. Prothorax having two ridges, which diverge obliquely hindward
from the middle of the median line enclosing a triangular depres-
sion. (Antenne unicolorous).
B. Prothorax distinctly cordiform.
C. Prothorax notably wider than long. (Hind
tarsi unicolorous) hemorrhoidalis, Fab.
CC. Prothorax not (or scarcely) wider than
long. (Base of hind tarsi testaceous) ... Juctwosus, Boisd.
BB. Prothorax searcely cordiform. (Base of hind
tarsi testaceous) marginatus, Guer.
AA. Middle longitudinal line of prothorax continu-
ously convex or carinate. (Antenne not
unicolorous)
B. Surface of prothorax very uneven through the
presence of large impressions and fovee.
C. Prothorax notably longer than wide, and
feebly cordiform elegantulus, Blackb.
OC. Prothorax only slightly longer than wide,
strongly cordiform ... ... Ahemopterus, Guer.
BB. Surface of prothorax even or nearly so .. puberulus, Blackb.
P. hemorrhoidalis, Fab. I have not seen this species except
from Tasmania. So far as my observation goes the colour is
uniformly black, except the elytra, which vary from entirely
black (if atratus is a var. of it) through forms in which only the
apex of the elytra is red (type), and others in which the sides,
or the sides and suture (cinctus), as well as the apex are
red, to a form in which the elytra are entirely red (figured by
_ Mr. Champion, /oc. cit., and in my collection). From its nearest
allies it is distinguishable also by its prothorax of evidently
{though not at all strongly) cordate form, and quite strongly
transverse.
P. luctuosus, Boisd. The species to which I apply this name
occurs in Victoria, and closely resembles hemorrhoidalis, Fab.
In colour its elytra vary exactly as those of hemorrhoidalis do,
and in addition the specimens with red elytra have some red
blotches on the prothorax. The base of the basal joint of the
hind tarsi séems to be invariably whitish testaceous. The pro-
thorax is sculptured on the upper surface like that of
hemorrhoidalis, but is scarcely wider than long, and is very
evidently more cordiform. The antenne are like those of
hemorrhoidalis in their dilated joints being very strongly dilated
in both sexes.
86
P. marginatus, Guer. A wider, more depressed, and more
fragile-looking species than either of the preceding. I have
seen only two examples of it, and, therefore, cannot say much
about its variability. In both of these there is a large, somewhat
oval spot of pale testaceous colour on either side of the prothorax,
one side of either spot (as viewed from above) placed so close
to the side of the prothorax as almost (but not quite) to form the
Jateral margin. The shoulders and apex of the elytra in both-
are testaceous. In one of them the apical colour runs up the
suture and lateral margin only for a short distance ; in the other
it extends forward to the shoulders on the lateral margin, and
almost to the base on the suture. The hind tarsi are coloured
as in /uctuosus, but the pale colouring is only at the extreme
base. The prothorax can be called cordiform even less decidedly
than that of hemorrhoidalis, the greater part of the sides being
only very feebly rounded, and their hinder sinuation being only
close to the base. The antenne are like those of luctwosus.
P. elegantulus, sp. nov. Mas. Elongatus, gracilis ; colore pro-
babiliter variabilis, ‘exempto typico nigro rufo-notato {sc.
prothorace (vitta mediana et macula parva utrinque posita
exceptis) elytris (vittis angustis 3 exceptis) et antennarum
articulis 8° fere toto 9° que ad basin, rufis] ; capite subtilius
minus crebre punctulato; antennarum articulis 3°—7°
leviter dilatatis (3° quam 1" parum latiori, ceteris gradatim
angustioribus, 7° quam 8" parum latiori) ; prothorace nitido,
leviter cordiformi, quam latiori sat longiori, in medio
longitudinaliter leviter obtuse elevato, utrinque late minus
profunde impresso ; elytris confertim subtiliter subaspere
punctulatis pubescentibus, costis 4 latis obtusis discoidalibus
instructis. Long., 34].; lat.. 4 1.
Fem. latet.
Ditters from all the other Psewdolyci known to me by the
sculpture of its prothorax ; also differs from hemorrhoidalis and
luctuosus, pnd probably also from marginatus (of which I have
not seen a male) in the dilatation of the intermediate joints of
the antennz being very feeble in the male. Its nearest ally
seems to be the species I have called hemoptera, from which it
differs, inter alia, by its much less cordiform more nitid less
closely punctulate and very differently coloured prothorax
(which, moreover, has not a well-defined median carina), by the
much greater width of the elevated lines on its elytra, and by
its shorter head.
Victoria.
P. hemopterus, Guer. ‘The insect that I believe to be th®
original of this species is somewhat common in the mountainous
87
parts of Victoria, and is (as its author says hemopterus is) some-
what more convex than most Psewdolyci are. Its colour is very
variable as regards the prothorax and elytra, the former being
usually black but in some examples with red markings, and the
latter red with black markings which vary from a single sub-
sutural line through intermediate formsto a form in which only the
apex and the hind part of the lateral margin are red. ‘The rest
of the insect is black except the eighth and ninth antennal joints,
which are partly testaceous. In the male the antennal structure
is like that of the male of the preceding species (eleyantulus).
In the female joints 3—7 (especially 3—5) are more strongly
dilated, but evidently less strongly (6 and 7 very much less
strongly) than in hemorrhoidalis and its allies. The prothorax
is subopaque, strongly cordiform, distinctly longer than wide,
closely finely and subasperately punctulate, finely and quite
sharply carinate the length of the middle line (the carina, how-
ever, not quite reaching the base), and has a large strong fovea
on either side of the middle line a little behind the apical
margin.
P. puberulus, sp. nov. Fem. Elongatus, sat angustus ; sat dense
pubescens ; colore probabiliter variabilis, exemplo typico
nigro rufo-notato [sc. prothoracis macula magna _ hirsuta
basali utrinque posita, elytrorum vitta brevi angusta
subsuturali, et antennarum articulis 8° 9° que (hujus apice
excepto), rufis vel testaceis]}; capite minus _ brevi,
sat nitido, crebrius subtiiius (nullo modo aspere) punctu-
lato; antennarum articulis 3°—5° modice (6° 7°
que leviter) dilatatis ; prothorace quam latiori parum
longiori, cordiformi, fere zquali, longitudinaliter in medio
minus perspicue elevato; elytris confertim subtiliter sub-
aspere punctulatis, lineis 4 discoidalibus leviter elevatis.
instructis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 1,3, 1.
Mas. latet.
A very distinct species ; more closely pubescent than its allies ;
and at once distinguishable from the other Pseudolyci known to
me by the large patch of fulvous pubescence at the base of the
prothorax on either side of the median line, as well as by the
almost even surface of that segment. The structure of the
antenne of the female is much lke that of the female of
hemopterus.
N.S. Wales ; Blue Mountains.
CURCULIONIDZ:.
ECRIZOTHIS (gen nov. Leptopsidarum).
Rostrum robustum breve, ad apicem dilatatum et ut Leptops
lamina glabra subtriangulari instructum, supra 3-carinatum ;
88
scrobes submedianz, antice late, postice vix distincte ;
antenne robust#, scapo prothoracem vix attingenti, funiculo
7-articulato (articulis 3 basalibus quam latioribus paullo
longioribus, 4—6 brevioribus, 7° longiori), clava distincta ;
oculi modici obtiqui late ovales; prothorax subcylindricus,
lobis ocularibus fere nullis ; scutellum indistinctum ; pedes
modici , tibiarum corbule aperte ; unguiculi liberi; metas-
ternum breve ; processus intercoxalis minus latus; corpus
squamosum et setosum.
I found this genus for a remarkable little species that I have
had for some time past unnamed in my collestion, and which has
recently been sent tome by Mr. French with the information
that it is destructive to vegetation in Victoria. I feel some
hesitation in assigning it to the Leptopsides, but it seems to be
more at home there than anywhere else; moreover, Mr. Lea
(who has lately been much occupied with the Australian
Curculionide) tells me that he regards it as an undescribed
Leptopsid genus. The extreme feebleness of the ocular lobes and
the wide obliquely-placed eyes are unusual in the Tribe. The
following characters in combination distinguish this from the
other characterised Australian Leptopsid genera :—Corbels of
hind tibize open, claws normal and free, scape of the antenne
reaching (when set back) to the prothorax. Probably its nearest
ally is Scotasmus (which I have not seen), which differs from it,
inter alia, by the scape of its antennze reaching only to the eyes.
FE. inequalis, sp. nov. Piceus, squamis albidis fuscisque con-
fertim et setis brevibus suberectis (his ut squamz coloratis)
minus crebre vestitus ; prothorace quam longiori vix latiori
(latitudine majori paullo ante medium posita), crebre
subtilius ruguloso et indeterminate ineequali ; elytris striatis,
striis crenulato punctulatis, interstitiis confertim subtilius
punctulatis, interstitio 3° tuberculis circiter 4 obtusis armato
(ex his posterioribus 2 sat magnis), interstitio 5° tuberculis
nonnullis subobsoletis armato. Long. (rostro incl.), 22 1;
lat:, Bel.
In fresh specimens the whitish and pale fuscous scales so
thickly cover the whole surface that no sculpture is noticeable,
except the hinder two tubercles on the third interstice of each
elytron.
Victoria.
CUBICORHYNCHUS.
C. tortipes, Blackb. Mr. Lea tells me that he has examined
the type of C. angularis, Macl., and finds that tortipes is identical
with it. Mr. Pascoe (Journ. Linn. Soc., 1873) states, “on the
authority of Mr. Duboulay,” that angularis is the male of
89
Bohemanni, Schh. There is nothing in the description of C.
-angularis on which any opinion could be formed as to the correct-
ness of the above synonymy.
HYBORRHYNCHUS.
H. awrigena, sp. nov. Piceus, squamis albidis fuscisque inter-
mixtis confertim vestitus; rostro lato brevi, utrinque
obtuse carinato- marginato, margine supra oculum
abrupte desinente tuberculum conicum simulanti; capite
postice convexo, a clypeo sulco profundo distincto, pone
sulcum longitudinaliter rugato et tuberculis parvis instructis,
in vertice anguste impresso et bituberculato; prothorace trans-
verso, postice angustato, canaliculato, supra sat plano confuse
tuberculato, ad latera utrinque ante medium acute bituber-
culato ; elytris seriatim tuberculis parvis instructis (tuber-
culis inter se sat equalibus, crebre dispositis, singulis setas
singulas ferentibus), biseriatim in interstitio 3° leviter
4-gibbosis, ad apicem inermibus. Long. (rostro. inel.), 5 1. ;
lat., 14 1.
The absence of a mucro at the apex of the elytra distinguishes
this species from all its previously described congeners except
rugosus, Macl., crassiusculus, Macl., and Mastersi, Macl. From
rugosus and Mastersi it differs, inter alia, by its elytra having no
tubercles notably larger than the rest about the hind declivity,
and from crassiwsculus by the very different sculpture of its head
and prothorax.
W. Australia ; taken by Mr. Froggatt at Kalgoorlie.
CENTYRES.
C. delens, sp. nov. FPiceus, setulis brevibus albidis minus crebre,
et squamis ochraceis fuscisque dense vestitus, his in pro-
thorace medio vittatim et in elytris disperse maculatim con-
densatis ; antennis fuscis, scapo modice elongato, articulis
basalibus 2 sat elongatis inter se sat zqualibus; rostro sub-
obsolete tricarinato; prothorace leviter transverso, antice
leviter angustato, punctulato, obsolete vermiculato-ruguloso,
lateribus minus fortiter rotundatis ; elytris ampliatis, sat
convexis, punctulato-striatis, interstitiis leviter convexis ;
tibiis anticis intus minus perspicue denticulatis,—posticis ad
apicem cavernosis ; abdominis segmento 2° quam 3"° parum
longiori. Long. (rostr. incl.), 4 1.; lat., 12 1.
Differs from the previously described species by the median
fuscous vitta of its prothorax and the small fuscous spots on its
elytra, and by the less distinct denticulations of its front tibize.
Compared with C. twrgidus, Pasc., it is much smaller, &c.; with
ovis, Pasc., it is of considerably more convex build; while i
90
differs from sinuatus, Blackb., inter alia by its prothorax with
less strongly rounded sides and narrower in proportion to the
elytra.
N.S.W. ; sent by Mr. Froggatt, and stated to be destructive to
vines.
LONGICORNES.
YORKEICA (gen. nov. Phoracanthidarum).
Palpi subzequales sat breves robusti, ad apicem truncati ; caput
breve ; antennz quam corpus parum longiores (articulis 1°
subpiriformi, 2° brevi, 3° quam 1" paullo longiori, 4° quam
1"* vix longiori, 5° quam 3" sublongiori, ceteris longioribus,
11° appendiculato), articulis 3—7 ad apicem utrinque
spinosis (spina externa quam interna majori); oculi sat
grosse granulati; prothorax inermis; elytra ad apicem
bispinosa ; pedes antici quam posteriores multo breviores ;
femora sat lineares ; tarsi sat breves, articulo basali quam
latiori vix duplo longiori, quam sequentes 2 conjuncti sat
breviori, unguiculi divergentes ; cox intermediz clause.
The position of this genus is very difficult to determine.
According to Lacordaire’s classification it is a Phoracanthid on
account of the strongly granulated eyes, spined antenne, and
closed intermediate coxal cavities ; therefore I place it among the
Phoracanthid genera.* But its prothorax unarmed at the sides
and scarcely tuberculate above, and its short tarsi (with the basal
joint distinctly shorter than the following two together, and the
claw joint very little shorter than the preceding three together)
separate it very widely from all other Phoracanthides known to
me, and are almost Lamiid in appearance. The front legs very
short in comparison with the four hinder legs perhaps suggest an
affinity to the genus Xypeta, Pasc., but, otherwise, it does not
seem to resemble X. gral/aria, Pasc. I am not sure of the sex
of the type, but think it probably a female.
Y. marmorea, sp. nov. Picea, pube cinerea et fulva marmorata ;
prothorace leviter transverso, in disco ante medium tuber-
culis parvis nonnullis instructo, lateribus leviter arcuatis ;
elytris antice sat grosse punctulatis et tuberculis plurimis
nitidis parvis armatis, postice sparsim minus profunde
punctulatis nec tuberculatis. Long., 16 1.; lat.,.5 1.
The markings resulting from the presence of ashy and fulvous
pubescence on the piceous derm are extremely intricate. On the
head an ashy line runs down the middle, a fulvous line runs
* Since this was written Mr. Gahan,—to whom as an eminent specialist
on the Lengicornes I submitted my specimen for inspection,—has favored
me with his opinion that Yorkeica is correctly placed in Phoracanthides as.
anew genus. He thinks it near Demelius.
91
across the base, and there is fulvous pubescence on the labrum
and the inner margin of the eyes. The prothorax is confusedly
marbled with ashy and fulvous pubescence. The elytra may be
described as marbled with ashy pubescence, which is interrupted
here and there by bare spaces of piceous derm and also by nitid
tubercles, and is traversed by four longitudinal lines of fulvous
pubescence extending from the base to the apex,—these lines
being themselves much interrupted by bare spots of derm and nitid
tubercles. The antennz are closely clothed with ashy pubescence
except at the extreme apex of each joint. The legs are marbled
with ashy pubescence, and there are some spots of fulvous
pubescence on the femora. The under surface is covered with
ashy pubescence in which, however, are numerous small bare
spots of derm, and also many large blotches (generally transverse)
of fulvous pubescence.
N. Queensland (Cape York) ; sent to me by Mr. French.
BETHELIUM.
B. (2) spinicorne, sp. nov. Rufo-ferrugineum (nonnullcrum
exemplorum elytris abdomineque infuscatis), elytris fasciis
binis pallide flavis (altera angusta angulata ante medium,
altera sat lata obliqua pone medium, positis) suturam haud
attingentibus ornatis; parce setosum; prothorace subcy-
lindrico, antice posticeque leviter angustato, crebre subob-
soleté punctulato, lateribus leviter arcuatis ; elytris a basi
usque ad fasciam posticam sat crebre sat fortiter (postice
obsoletius) punctulatis; antennis quam corpus _paullo
longioribus, articulis 3° (hoc ad apicem spina elongata
armato) quam 1" vel 4° sat longiori, 5°—9° inter se sat
zequalibus (his quam 3" sublongioribus). Long., 5 1.; lat.,
II.
I have recently received this species from Mr. French. It is.
evidently the insect referred to by Mr. Gahan (Tr. Ent. Soc.,
Lond., 1893, p. 178) asallied to, but distinct from, B. Blackburni,
Gahan. Mr. Gahan thinks it doubtful whether it is a true
Bethelium, and I share his doubt, as the antennal spine is not
present, and the elytral markings are of a different kind (not of
the slightly raised, ivory-like, description they are in the present
species) in the type of the genus (B. signiferum, Newm.). From
Mr, Gahan’s remarks on B. Blackburni, however, I should judge
that that insect is intermediate between the present species and
B. signiferum, having the elytral markings of the former but not
the antennal spine ; and if so there may be other intermediate
forms yet to he discovered which may prove the antennal spine
not to be a truly generic character.
Victoria.
92
B. tricolor, Blackb. Mr. Gahan (loc. cit.) thinks that this
may be the same thing as Kctosticta simillima, White, remarking
at the same time the close resemblance and alliance between
Bethelium and Ectosticta, a resemblance which [also had referred
to ina former paper. It is difficult to arrive at certainty with-
out seeing the type of £. similluma as to whether Mr. Gahan’s
surmise is correct, but it is quite certain that 5. tricolor has the
eyes of a Bethelium and not of an Kctosticta—so that if the above
synonymy is to be accepted #. simillima must be removed from
Ectosticta to Bethelium.
SISYRIUM.
S. sparsum, Blackb. Mr. Gahan (Joc. cit.) thinks it not un-
likely that this is identical with S. stigmoswm, Pasc. Un.
fortunately the matter could be decided only by a comparison of
types. My species was described on a unique male, Mr. Pascoe’s
on a female. Compared with the figure of the latter, S. sparswm
is very much smaller and of more slender build, with the anterior
dark mark on the elytra (not a fine line as in stigmoswm, but) a
large quadrate blotch nearly as wide as long. It is quite possible
that these differences appertain to the sexes of one species that is
variable in its markings, but it is to be noted that when the type
of sparswm is compared with Pascoe’s description the following
differences also appear :—The prothorax is of much darker colour
than the description indicates, and I cannot trace five un-
puuctured spaces on that segment, the unpunctured spaces
appearing as three longitudinal zones. In the type of sparsum
there is a large deep fovea on the disc of the prothorax im-
mediately in front of the base which looks, however, as if it might
be accidental, and on account of my suspecting it to be so I did
not emphasize it in describing the species, but merely called the
protkorax “ ingequalis.”
S. ventrale, Blackb. Mr. Gahan (loc. cit.) seems to think that
this may be identical with stigmosum, Pasc., if sparswm, Blackb.,
is not ; this, however, can hardly be the case, for he states that
by measurement the length of the prothorax of sézgmoswm is all
but half greater than the width, whereas, in ventrale the length
is ail but the same as the greatest width (it is about as 16 to 15).
S. vittatum, Blackb. (? var. of stigmosum). I do not see where
the mistake that Mr. Gahan perceives in my remarks on this
insect comes in, as [ expressed no opinion as to the proportions of
the prothorax in stigmosum, but merely indicated as my reason
for not emphaising very much the difference between the propor-
tions of the prothorax in it and the var. vittatum that Mr. Pascoe
did not say that he had measured the prothorax of stigmosum, and
that if he had not done so his statement of the proportions would
not be realiable enough to confirm the distinctness of vittatum
93
from his insect. It is satisfactory, however, that Mr. Gahan is
able to decide this point definitely, and states that S. vittatum is.
mot a var. of stigmoswm.
TESSAROMMA.
T. nanum, sp. nov. Subtus piceum, metasterno dilutiori ; supra
piceum, capite prothoracis parte antica-mediana et elytris
postice indeterminate rufescentibus, antennis palpis pedibus-
que (femorum parte clavata obscura excepta) rufo-testaceis ;
setis fulvis erectis sparsis instructum, elytris pube argenteo-
sericea maculatim ornatis ; capite confertim subtiliter aspere
punctulato, linea longitudinali mediana vix perspicue impresso ;
antennarum articulo 3° leviter arcuato; prothorace quam
latiori perspicue longiori, antice posticeque leviter constricto,
ad latera media spinoso, dorso longitudinaliter bicristato,
cristis a margine antico fere ad basin continuis; elytris
basin versus sparsim granulatis, ad apicem rotundato-
truncatis. lLong., 34 1.; lat., 1 1. (vix).
At once distinguishable from its previously described congeners
by, inter alia, its much more slender legs and antenne, its head
not impressed with a well-defined median longitudinal furrow,
its prothorax with (the ill-defined pair of median gibbosities of
the other species represented by) two well-defined elevated longi-
tudinal crests, which are quite traceable to the front margin,
though much more feeble (and also more widely separated from
each other) on the part in front of the anterior constriction than
behind it (in fact the crests on that part ought perhaps to be
described rather as isolated sub-obsolete crests not quite in line
with the larger ones), and its elytra with spots of silvery pubesence
similar to those of P. wndatwm in the front two-thirds of their
length, but having the apical one-third densely and quite
uniformly clothed with the pubescence. The very small size of
this species, of course, also distinguishes it. The two divisions
of the eyes are very widely separated from each other, and coarsely
granulated. Viewed from the side the gibbosity of the prothorax
is markedly greater than in either wndatum, Newm., or
sericans, Er.
Queensland ; sent by Mr. French.
PHYTOPHAGA.
COOLGARDICA (gen. nov. Sagridarum ).
Caput abrupte declive, modice elongatum ; palporum maxillarium
articulus ultimus ovalis ; oculi sat parvi, transversim ovales,
fortiter prominentes, grosse granulati ; antenne filiformes
quam corpus circiter dimidio breviores, articulo ultimo
appendiculato ; prothorax cordiformis, angulis anticis rotun-
94
datis, posticis subdentiformibus ; elytra quam prothorax sat
latiora, sat brevia, ad apicem inermia ; prosternum inter coxas
anticas angustum, quam cox minus elevatum ; mesosternum
ante coxas intermedias sat longe productum; metasternum
inter coxas intermedias haud productum ; abdominis segmen-
tum basale quam sequentia 3 conjuncta vix brevius, antice
sat angustatum ; pedes sat breves, femoribus (prvesertim
posticis) crassis, posticis subtus prope apicem dente acuto
armatis, tarsis brevibus (inter se equalibus, articulis basali-
bus 3inter se equalibus latis quam latioribus haud longioribus,
unguiculis simplicibus.
It will be seen from the preceding diagnosis that this genus in
many respects resembles Duboulayra, but differs from it notably
by its small excessively prominent eyes, and its front coxe
rising considerably above the level of the »arrow intermediate
space. Its eyes are not unlike those of Polyoptilus, though
smaller, but it differs entirely from Polyoptilus in the structure
of its tarsi. From Megamerus it differs, ater alia, by the small
oval apical joint of its maxillary palpi, from Prionesthis and
Cheiloxena by its strongly toothed hind femora, from Carpophagus,
Diaphanops. Mecynodera, and Amettala by the extremely coarse
granulation of its eyes, and from Psewdotoxotus by its short tarsi.
In Chapuis’ arrangement of the Sayrides its place is in the
“Groupe” Megamerites. There are four examples before me
(three of them belonging to the S.A. Museum) among which I
cannot detect any indication of sexual differences. Although I
have not a specimen that I can damage sufficinetly to make a
proper examination of its /igula I can see that that organ is of
the Sagrid as distinguished from the Criocerid character.
C. tenebrioides, sp. nov. Nigra vel ferruginea, omnium exem-
plorum palpis antennarum basi apiceque et abdomine rufe-
scentibus; sat nitida; capite prothoraceque confertim
subtilius subaspere punctulatis; antennis quam corporis
dimidium vix longioribus, sat gracilibus articulis 3° 4° que
inter se sat eequalibus ; oculis sat parvis, transversis, grosse
granulatis ; prothorace subcordato (nonnullorum exem-
plorum indeterminate inequali); elytris sat fortiter vix
crebre subseriatim punctulatis, lineis subelevatis 4 instruc-
tis; corpore supra fere glabro, subtus pubescenti. Long.,
41.; lat., 121.
A short robust insect somewhat resembling in build certain
small species of the Zenebrionid genus Menephilus, varying in
colour from ferruginous to black. In one of the darkest speci-
mens the shoulders are ferruginous.
W.A. (Coolgardie).
95
NEODIAPHANOPS (gen. nov. Sagridarum).
Caput declive, minus elongatum; palporum maxillarium articulus
ultimus ovalis; oculi sat parvi, transversim ovales, sat
prominuli, subtilius granulati; antenne robust, quam
corpus paullo breviores, articulis intermediis compressis
(maris quam feminz magis fortiter, ultimo femine appen-
diculato maris deformi); prothorax subcylindricus, latitudine
majori ad basin sita (fere ut Diaphanopis), angulis anticis
vix distinctis ; elytra quam prothorax multo latiora, fere a
basi dehiscentibus, ad apicem rotundata ; prosternum inter
coxas angustum, quam cox vix minus elevatum ; meta-
sternum inter coxas intermedias haud productum; _ pedes
modici, femoribus modice incrassatis (posticis quam anteriores
paullo magis, illis prope apicem dente acuto armatis), tarsis
modice elongatis (fere ut Diaphanopis), robustis, articulo
basali quam 2" parum longiori, unguiculis simplicibus ;
abdominis segmentum basale quam 2-4 conjuncta parum
brevius.
Nearest I think to Diaphanops of described genera, beside
which it would stand in M. Lacordaire’s arrangement as a
member of the “Groupe” Carpophagites, on account of the
greatest width of its prothorax being at the base of that seg-
ment. In that “ Groupe” it differs from Carpophagus inter alia
by its prosternum not prominent behind the coxe and its very
much less dilated femora, and from Diaphanops by its head not
rostriform in front, transversely oval eyes, and much longer
antenne. Its elytra (of ordinary length but) dehiscent almost
from the base in both sexes, and strongly depressed distinguish
it at once from all described Australian genera of Sagrides. Its
ligula is of the Sagrid type. The upper surface of the typical
species is pubescent (rather closely on the prothorax and head,
very sparsely on the elytra), and the under surface is densely so.
The facies, and especially the colours and markings, are sugges-
tive of Polyoptilus, but I do not look upon that genus as at all
closely allied structurally to the present one.
NV. Frogyatti, sp. nov. Niger, antennis (articulis basalibus 3
exceptis) tarsisque rufis, elytris flavo-variegatis; minus
nitidus , capite prothoraceque confertim subtiliter aspere
punctulatis ; antennarum articulis 1° sub-globoso, 2 perbrevi,
3° quam 1"* 2° que conjuncti vix breviori obovata, 4° quam
3° vix breviori subtriangulari fere transverso, 5° quam
4™ parum longiori, 4°—11° gradatim longioribus ; prothorace
leviter transverso sub-cylindrico, ad basin dilatato, lateribus
leviter sinuatis ; elytris sparsius subfortiter nullo modo
seriatim punctulatis, sutura manifeste carinata.
36
Maris antennarum articulis 4—10 manifeste compressis,.
articulo apicali breviter appendiculato deformi (sc. inequali
versus apicem tuberculo magno mamillato et tuberculis non-
nullis minoribus armato. )
Fem. antennarum articulis 4—10 leviter compressis, ultimo
breviter appendiculato. Long., 5 1.; lat.. 2 |. (vix).
Evidently variable in the markings of its elytra. I have
before me three examples, no two of which are quite alike. In
one of them the elytra may be described as bright yellow with the
suture narrowly black for a short distance behind the base, this
narrow black suture suddenly and squarely dilating about half-
way between the base and the middle of the,elytra into a very
wide common sutural vitta and then dilating again about half-
way between the middle and apex of the elytra to occupy the
whole apex. The apical black is narrowly produced up the
lateral margin nearly to its middle and then turns inward on
the elytron and joins the sutural vitta, so as to enclose a large
yellow spot. There is also an oblique black dash running hind-
ward and sutureward (but not reaching the suture) from the
lateral margin near its front. In another example the base of
the elytra is narrowly black, and the oblique dash is continued
so as to connect with the front margin of the transverse connec-
tion between the sutural vitta and the black part of the lateral
margin. The third example is like the type, except that the
connection between the sutural vitta and the black part of the
lateral margin is wanting.
N.W. Australia ; sent by Messrs. Froggatt and Masters.
POLYOPTILUS.
It appears to me doubtful whether all the species that have
been attributed to this genus are really congeneric, but there
certainly seem to be serious difficulties in the task of separating
them, inasmuch as there is only one of them (P. Lacordairez,.
Germ.) of which both sexes are known with certainty. At
present, therefore, it seems well to regard the genus as dis-
tinguished from otuer described Australian Sagrides by the
following characters in combination ; metasternum not promi-
nent between the intermediate cox (as it is in Mecynodera),
elytra not spiniform at apex (as they are in Ametalla), prothorax
not at its widest at the base (as it isin Carpophagus, Diaphanops,
Pseudotoxotus, and Neodiaphanops), mandibles not bifid at the
apex (as they are in Cheiloxena), apical joint of maxillary palpi
not securiform (as it is in Megamerus), hind femora not unarmed
in combination with normal elytra (as they are in Prionesthis),
eyes not depressed (as they are in Duboulayia), tarsi not short
and having their basal three joints equal or nearly so, inter se (as
97
they are in Coolgardica). Species referable to Polyoptilus by the
characters indicated above, and not distinguishable by any well-
marked and obviously generic character from the species already
attributed to that genus, seem to me best placed for the present
in Polyoptilus. I make the above remarks with a view to des-
cribing two new species of Sagrides, which were taken in
Tropical Queensland by Mr. Koebele, and which certainly do not
seem to a casual glance congeneric, inter se, and yet one of them
is evidently closely allied structurally to P. Lacordairet, Germ.,
and the other to P. Hricksoni, Germ. They differ from all the
known Australian Sagrid genera, except Polyoptilus, as I have
noted above that Polyoptilus does, and I fail to discover in them
any well-marked structural character that would decidedly
separate them from both the species of Polyoptelus named above.
I may perhaps remark in passing that the description of
Polyoptilus pachytoides, Baly, reads in some respects as if it
might have been founded on a female example of the genus
described above as Veodiaphanops, although I find it difficult to
believe that if that had been the case Mr. Baly would have
referred the insect to Polyoptilus.
P. costatus, sp. uov. Sat parallelus, modice elongatus; fer-
rugineus, elytris (margine angusto ad suturam et ad latus
excepto) dilutioribus; capite crebre fortius punctulato ;
antennis quam corpus vix brevioribus, articulis 2° perbrevi
3° quam 2" duplo longiori (his conjunctis 1° eequalibus) 4°
quam 1™ vix longiori 5° quam 4" vix longiori 5°—11°
gradatim longioribus ; oculis prominentibus grosse granu-
latis (ut P. Lacordairet) ; prothorace cordato, leviter trans-
verso, sat crebre (quam P. Lacordairei magis crebre) sub-
fortiter punctulato, mox ante basin constricto, lateribus
ante medium fortiter rotundatis; elytris costis 4 (his bene
definitis et ante apicem obsoletis) instructis, interspatiis et
parte apicali sat crebre subfortiter punctulatis ; tarsis quam
P. Lacordairei paullo minus elongatis; corpore subtus
pubescenti; femoribus posticis subtus (sicut P. Lacordairet)
armatis. Long., 44 1.; lat., 121.
The prothorax is notably longer than wide in all the previously
described species except Hricksoni, Germ., and Waterhousei,
Baly, the former of whicu however has antenne not much more
than half the length of the body their third joint being very
little shorter than the fourth, while the latter has punctulate-
striate non-costate elytra. Its strongly prominent eyes (with
their hind outline, viewed from above, forming a right angle
with the lateral outline of the head), elongate antenne, pubescent
under surface, and comparatively slender build connect this
species much more closely with P. Lacordairer than with
G
98
b. Erickson. From P. Lacordairei it is abundantly distinct
{apart from its very different colouring) by, inter alia, its short
prothorax, and elytra with strongly defined (quite costiform)
elevated lines.
N. Queensland.
P. torridus, sp. nov. Robustus, sat latus; piceus, antennis
palpis tarsisqae dilutioribus ; capite et prothorace confertim
fortiter subrugulose punctulatis ; antennis quam corporis
dimidium vix longioribus, articulis 2°brevi, 3° quam 2" duplo
longiori, 4° quam 3" longiori (1° longitudine sat quali),
5° 4° sat eequali, 6°—10° brevioribus inter se sat squalibus,
11° 4° longitudine sat equali; oculis sat parvis sat pro-
‘minulis, grosse granulatis; prothorace quam longiori vix
latiori, cordato, lateribus ante medium fortiter rotundatis,
margine antico nonnihil elevato ad latera subangulato ;
elytris lineis subelevatis 4 (his postice abbreviatis) instructis,
interspatiis et parte apicali crebrius subfortiter punctulatis ;
femoribus posticis subtus (sicut P. Lacordairer) armatis,
tarsis sat brevibus (quam P. Hricksoni paullo brevioribus) ;
corpore fere glabro. Long., 61; lat., 241.
This species is of very robust build, even more so than P.
Lricksoni, Germ.; its antenne and tarsi, moreover, are distinctly
shorter than in that species When both sexes of the species now
attributed to Polyoptilus are known I cannot but think it probable
that Lacordairet and Hricksonz will be found to be generically dis-
tinct from each other, and if so I suspect that the present species
will have to be placed in a third genus. It has the nitid glabrous
undersurface as well as the robust build and short antenne and
tarsi of the Hricksoni type, but its eyes are of the Lacordairer
type. If it should be found that the female of Hricksoni has
short elytra and unarmed hind femora (as in Lacordairei) no
doubt the two might stand as extreme forms of a single genus,
but I am of opinion that I have both sexes of Hricksont and that
the female differs very little from the male externally, being
however] somewhat larger and having the front tarsi more
slender. JI can, however, find no satisfactory character to
separate the present insect from Polyoptilus regarded as including
both Lacordairet and Ericksoni.
N. Queensland.
EDUSA.
E. puberula, Bohem. In Tr. Roy. Soc., 8.A., 1891, I furnished
a paper on Hdusa containing a tabulation of the species known
tome. In that paper I mentioned £. puberula as one that I
had not been able to identify. Since that time I have collected
in the Blue Mountains, and also received from Mr. Froggatt, an
Edusa which I have no doubt is that insect. In my tabulation
99
it would stand (doc. cit., p. 143) beside bella, Blackb., from which
it differs inter alia by its considerably larger size and more
robust legs, and by its head not having a well marked longit-
udinal impression on the vertex (as bella has) but only a very
fine (almost scratch-like) frontal stria.
E. viridicollis, Lef. Since writing the above-mentioned paper
I have collected this species also, and have received it from Mr.
Jacoby and from the Chapuis collection. In my tabulation of
Edusa (loc, cit.) it would stand beside £. lineata, Blackb., from
which it is distinguishable enter alia by its much larger size,
very different colouring, and its hind tibiz in the male strongly
curved at the apex.
PSEUDOPAROPSIS (gen. nov. Chrysomelidarum).
Palpi maxillares breves, articulo ultimo subovali apice
angustato quam precedens sublongiori; oculi oblongo-
ovales, subtilius granulati ; antenne breves (speciei typice
articulis 7—10 sat fortiter transversis) ; prothorax brevis ;
elytra conjuncta quam longiora sat latiora, epipleuris (ut
Paropsidarum normalium, e.g. punctata, Marsh) altera parte
alte erecta altera (antice latissime) horizontali; prosternum
inter coxas minus angustatum, postice dilatatum, in medio
inter coxas carinatum utrinque sulcatum (sicut Paropsidarum
plurimarum, e.g. minor, Marsh); pedes modici, tarsorum
(sicut Paropsidis) articulo 2° quam 1"* 3"° que multo minori
multo angustiori, unguiculis simplicibus; corpus (speciei
typicee) modice convexum, fere circularis, glabrum,
Coccinellam simulans.
The species for which I propose this new generic name may be
characterisedasa Paropsis with the palpi and claws of a Plagiodera.
From the latter genus it may at once be known by the small
second joint of its tarsi (not more than half as wide as the third
joint), and especially by the epipleure of its elytra, which consist
of two distinct planes nearly at right angles to each other (except
close to the apex of the elytra), the height of the erect part and the
width of the horizontal part being in the front half of their
length each about equal to the length of the second ventral seg_
ment. It seems not improbable that Plagiodera Lownei, Baly
{of which I have not seen an example) is a member of this genus.
P. nitidipennis, Boisd. Fere circularis, minus convexa; glabra ;
nitida ; flavo-fulva, elytris cupreis nonnihil aureo-mican-
tibus antice et ad latera viridi-marginatis; capite brevi
subtilissime punctulato, antice transversim (postice in medio
longitudinaliter) sulcato ; antennis brevibus, apicem versus
fortiter incrassatis; prothorace quam longiori ut 7 ad 3
100
latiori, sequali, sparsius dupliciter (subtiliter et minus sub-
tiliter) punctulato, angulis omnibus rotundatis; elytris
sparsim punctulatis (horum puncturis prptharnds puncturis
majoribus similibus). Long., 24 1.; lat., 22 1.
The very brief description of Chrysomela nitidipennis, Boisd.,
reads as if it might well have been founded on this species,
especially in consideration of Boisd. referring to the small size of
the insect before him in comparison with the other Australian
Chrysomele that he described. In describing Plagiodera Lownet
Mr. Baly does not refer to that insect as differing structurally
from typical species of Plagiodera,—so that very likely the
present insect has nothing to do with it; nevertheless his des-
cription (apart from that obstacle) reads much like that of a
species resembling that I am now describing. If it should be
generically identical Mr. Baty’s species differs specifically from
mine by the black apex of its antenne and back of its head, the
dark colouring of part of its under-surface, the (implied) absence
of green margin on its elytra, its prothorax more than three
times as wide as long, and bearing fovea-like impressions, and the
lateral portion of its elytra ‘ dilated and separated from the disc
by a shallow depression.”
Queensland ; sent to me by Mr. Froggatt.
MONOLEPTA.
M. fasciatipennis, Blackb. I have recently taken near the
original locality some more examples of this species which prove
it to be variable to the extent of invalidating the character on
which in my tabulation of Monolepta (Tr. R. Soc., S.A., 1896,
pp. 100, &.), I distinguished it from WM. picticollis, as the
elytral fascia is now found to be liable to much abbreviation at
both ends. I therefore substitute the following for the distinc-
tion that was printed (/oc. czt., p. 100) in the tabulation :—
E. Sulcus between the eyes (looked at obliquely
from behind) strongly curved (with its con-
vexity directed forward) .. ... fasciatipennis, Blackb.
EE. Sulcus between the eyes (looked at obliquely
from behind) straight ... ... ptcticollis, Blackb.
From whatever point of view the frontal sulcus is looked at it
is seen to be quite different in the above two species, but as its
shape looks a little difierent in each according to the point of
observation, I have selected a particular point of view for charac-
terising it,—viz., that from which its hind edge is most conspicu-
ous. It is also to be noted that looked at from the above-
mentioned point of view the space in front of the sulcus is seen
to be in fasciatipennis (but not in picticollis) broken up into
about three quasi-tubercles. In my description of P. picticollis I
101
have called the head ‘‘arcuatim” suleato (which it is when
regarded obliquely from in front),—but from a similar point of
view the sulcus in fasciatipennis is seen to be very much more
strongly arched still. The two species, moreover, are very
different in colour and markings, although the particular marking
I emphasised in my tabulation now proves to be unreliable as a
sharp distinction.
ON SOME OLDER TERTIARY FOSSILS OF UNCER:
TAIN AGE FROM THE MURRAY DESERT.
By Proressor Raupu Tare.
|Read June 6. 1899. ]
Puate I.
A small collection of fossils in an excellent state of preservation,
though more or less bleached, was submitted to me in 1886 ; of
the species which were in duplicate I was permitted to retain an
example. The list of species, then compiled, has since been lost,
so that now [I have only actual knowledge of those retained for
the University Museum. Some of these species are referred to
in my Monographs as coming from a deep well on Cooke’s Plains
or Murray Desert. It is only recently, though, after many futile
attempts, that I have received authentic information of the
locality whence the fossils were obtained. My irformant, Mr.
L. Salter, of Angaston, writes me, March 3, 1§99—“ Mr. Smith
says that the fossils came from the bottom of a deep well at a
place called Tareena, on the Murray, in New South Wales, just
across the Victorian border.”
To add to my perplexity, I recognised in the Museum of Way
College an identical set of fossils, both in regard to species and
condition of fossilization. Through the kind services of Dr. Torr,
these fossils have been traced to their source. Firstly it was
stated “that they were dug up at Nildottie, somewhere near the
Wow-Wow Plains, about 25 years ago, by his (the pupil’s) grand-
father. The well was sunk afterwards to a thousand feet in
depth.” Ina later communication, January 4, 1899, Dr. Torr
writes—“‘ The well from which the fossils were taken is at
Mindarie, about 80 miles south-east of Swan Reach.” And since
then Dr. Torr has submitted to me a further batch of the same
sort of fossils.
The two localities must be at least eighty miles to the eastward
of the easterly scarp of the Eocene Plateau at Overland Corner.
There is nothing improbable that the topographic positions are
103
correct, though I am still unconvinced that the two set of fossils
did not come from the same place or within reasonable contiguity ;
so much alike are they, that it may be said that they are
duplicates.
The remarkable diversity of composition and mechanical con-
dition of the Older Tertiary rocks make it possible in the majority
of cases to refer specimens to their original site. Table Cape
fossils are distinctive; so also are those from Spring Creek,
River Murray Cliffs, Aldinga Bay, and so on. It is only in the
case of the fossils of the soft clays, or those of the friable polyzoal
limestones that localities cannot safely be assigned. The fossils
from the Murray Desert do not resemble those of any known
locality yielding Older Tertiary fossils. But they do resemble
those of the Pliocene beds in the Dry Creek and Croydon bores,.
near Adelaide ; the similitude being heightened by the common
occurrence in the Murray Desert horizon of some of the most
abundant fossils in the Pliocene beds obtained from the bores.
just named. However, the Tareena collection from the Murray
Desert was in my hands four years before the bore at Dry Creek
revealed the concealed fossiliferous bed of Pliocene age, which
fact dispels any doubt as to such being a source of supply; more-
over, the white calcareous sand forming the matrices of the
Murray Desert fossils is so largely admixed with grains of
glauconite as to impart a pepper-and-salt coloration to the
whole. This is distinctive.
The main point of interest about these fossils is the uncertain
data they afford as to their horizon ; and the interest therein has
been increased through certain correlative discoveries made of
late, such as the occurrence of certain so-called Eocene fossils in
the Pliocene of the Dry Creek bore, that of characteristic
Miocene species in Eocene beds, and the indications at the
Murray Desert and some: other localities in Victoria and Tas-
mania of a fauna intermediate between typical Eocene, such as
Muddy Creek, and typical Miocene, such as around the Gipps-
land Lakes.
Though the age of the Murray Desert fossils is not actually
assigned in my earlier Monographs, yet Eocene is implied ; but
in my last one, Part IV., Gasteropoda, 1893, I remark under
Natica gibbosa, “ the age is doubtfully Miocene.” The additional
material brought to my notice by Dr. Torr raises the total of
species from 27 to 40, and the number is sufficiently great to
permit of an attempt to correlate the fauna with those of other
localities and horizons.
104
List oF Murray Desert FosslIzs.
Index to Locality - numbers.—1.
Murray Cliffs ;
12. Table Cape ;
19. Geelong; 20. Mitchell River ;
3. Muddy Creek ;
Beaumaris (Cheltenham and Mordialloc) ;
13. River Murray Cliffs ; 15. Muddy Creek ;
21. Camperdown.
Aldinga Bay; 2. River
4. Gippsland Lakes; 10,
11. Spring Creek ;
Species.
*Oculina, 7. sp.
Pecten yahlensis, Woods
Hinnites corioensis, McCoy
Axinza convexa, 7'ate
‘Cucullza;corioensis, McCoy
‘Crassatella oblonga, Woods
Mytilicardia compta, Tate
Cardita calva, Tate
Trigonia intersitans, Tate
ne acuticostata, McCoy ..
Protocardium hemimeris, Tate
Chione dimorphophylla, Tate ..
Meretrix submultistriata, Tate
Dentalium Mantelli, Zitte/
*Murex biconicus, TJ'ate ...
Lampusia armata, Tate
*Fusus trivialis, 2. sp.
Columbarium Send sh Tate |
*Tudicula costata, ate .
*Voluta capitata, Tate ...
ee tebalata. <7 ate: t.,
uncifera, Tate ...
strophodon, McCoy
¢é
ee
*Volutilithes antispinosus, 7. sp.
*Mitra diductua, . sp.
Ancilla hebera, Hutton ..
*Harpa cassinoides, Tate
*Terebra angulosa, Tate ..
*Cassis contusus, 2. sp.
*Semicassis radiatus, Tate
re transennus, T'ate
Pelicaria coronata, Tate
*Cyprea amygdalina, Tate
*Surcula Vardoni, x. sp.
Bathytoma Pritchardi, Tate
Natica gibbosa, Hutton...
Turritella tristira, Tate
“ acricula, J'ate
Cerithium Torrii, n. sp.
* Pritchardi,
————
Total species, 40
Harris.
% © %& *
* +
28
| Mindarie.
| a eee
*
a a a i | |
S * 8 OK KX OK KR KF
|
~
oO
Other Occurrences.
Nil.
Koc., passim, 10, 12
Koc., 12, 13, 19, 20
Koc. ,13; Mioc.,1,2, 3; O.Plioc.
Koc., passim; 10, 11, 12; Mioe.,
1, 2, 3, 4; O. Plioc.
10, 12; Mioc., 1, 2, -4
Koc., 12, 15 ; Mioc., 2, 3
10; Mioc., 2, 3
Maude
10; Mioc., 1, 2, 3, 4
Koc., passim ; 12
Koe., 13, 15; 10
10, 12; Mioc., 3, 4
Eoc., passim ; 11, 12
Nil.
Older Pliocene
Nil.
Koc., passim ; 12
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Koc., 13
Eoc., passim ; 12
Nil.
Nil.
Koe., passinz, 10,11, 12; O. Plie.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Koc., passim ; 12
12; Mioc., 2, 3, 4; O. Plioc.
Nil.
Nil.
Mioc., 4
O. Pliocene
Koc., 19, 21; 10, 12; Mioc., 4
Eoc., passim; 10, Ly, 12; Mioc., 4
Nil.
12
18 in common
105
Fifteen species are peculiar. These are indicated by a pre-
fixed asterisk in the foregoing list. Of the twenty-five common
to other localities and horizons, ten are Eocene, not passing into
undoubted Miocene. Awxincea convexa, Crassatella oblonga,
and Pelicaria coronata are characteristic Miocene species, the
first and third passing to Older Pliocene. Lampusia armata and
Natica gibbosa are common shells in O. Pliocene. Cucullea
Corioensis is equally common at Eocene and Miocene horizons,
and passes to Older Pliocene. Ancilla hebera is Eocene and
Pliocene. Mytilicardia compta, Turritella tristira, and
T. acricula are Eocene and Miocene, the first uncommon in
both. Meretrix submultistriata is a somewhat characteristic
Miocene species, but is not known at undoubted Eocene horizons.
Bathytoma Pritchardi, Trigonia acuticostata, and Cardita calva
are Miocene only. Trigonia intersitans was previously only
known from Maude in the Moorabool Valley.
It is noteworthy that Crassatella oblonga, Cardita calva,
Trigonia acuticostata, Meretrix submultistriata, and Pelicaria
coronata, which are characteristically Miocene, have been quoted
as Eocene from their occurrence at Beaumaris (Cheltenham),
Spring Creek, or Table Cape; and, also, that others having a
wide geographic range and passing up from the Older to Newer
Tertiary are met with at one or more of the three named
localities.
The collection of Murray Desert fossils includes several Eocene
species which are not known at higher levels, and a fair number
of Miocene species which do not occur at lower horizons, except
the horizon represented by localities 10, 11, and 12, but some of
which are alsc Pliocene shells. As a whole, the collection has
considerable affinity with the faunas at Beaumaris and Table
Cape, which with that of Spring Creek indicate a higher horizon
than that of the typical Eocene localities. The Beaumaris fauna
is not typical Miocene, despite Messrs. Hall & Pritchard’s (*)
endeavors to prove it so; I have knowledge of a much fuller
record of species than they have given, and an analysis of
the evidences they afford may eventually be submitted ; however,
I have always admitted that the fauna is a passage one from
Eocene to Miocene. At present the stratigraphical relations of
the beds yielding this intermediate fauna at these localities to
the Eocene are not yet defined, though there is good ground for
the opinion that the Beaumaris beds are superior to the Eocene.
In the case of the two Murray Desert localities, the position is
paradoxical ; the fossils indicate a younger age than the Eocene
deposits which prevail along the line of the River Murray from
*Trans. R. Soc., Vict., IX. (N.S.), 1896.
106
Lake Alexandrina to Overland Corner, and form the southern
boundary of the Desert, which is more or less deliminated by the
railway line from Murray Bridge to Tintinarra. Several deep
wells on this route reveal at depths, corresponding with those at
which the fossil beds were reached at Tareena and Mindarie,
either the prevailing calciferous sandstone of the River Murray
cliffs, or an earlier, more or less argillaceous formation corres-
ponding with the basal beds of the Aldinga section.* Whilst,
further deep-seated Eocene strata extend into New South Wales,
as proved by the occurrence of Z'rigonia semiwndulata at a depth
of 647 feet in the Arumpo bore, situate in the angle formed by
the junction of the Darling and Murray rivers. +
Tareena and Mindarie are situated at about fifty miles to the
eastwood of the meridian of Overland Corner, which so far as
known demarks the eastern escarpment of the River Murray
plateau, composed above the river-way of Eocene calciferous.
sandstone capped by Miocene sands and oyster-banks. Between
Overland Corner and the confines of South Australian territory,
Newer Tertiary lacustrine beds occupy the surface. Therefore,
the fossiliferous beds beneath these at Tareena and Mindarie
should be older than the River Murray Eocene-limestones (on the
assumption that surface levels are approximately the same, and
that the Eocene beds have little or no inclination, which I
believe to be the case), or it may be that extensive erosion has
removed the Eocene strata, which have been replaced by a
younger deposit, similar to the Tintinarra section, where a
Pleistocene deposit (containing a great variety of recent species)
fills a north and south trough in the Eocene beds to a depth
beneath the surface of 154 feet.t The rejection of this latter
explanation will involve the acceptance of a very prolonged
vertical range for a considerable number of species, and thus do
violence to the evidence of a restricted range for the vast majority
of the Eocene mollusca.
The opinion that our Pre-Miocene deposits are not all
synchronous may be gathered from the “Correlation” papers
contributed by myself in collaboration with Mr. Dennant,
though as yet no scheme of succession had been submitted.
Aided since by extended paleontological studies, I have ventured
to submit, perhaps prematurely, the following schedule showing
the chronological sequence of the chief fossiliferous developments.
*Clark, Tr. Roy. Soc., S. Aust., vol. XX., p. 110, 1896; Tate, id., vol.
XXII., p. 197, 1898.
+h theridge, Records Geol. Surv., N.S.W., vol. III., p. 115, 1893. (On
examination of the fossil I have confirmed the specific determination. —
R.T.)
tTate, T., Roy. Soc., S.A., vol. XXII, p. 65, 1898.
107
SUCCESSION iTABLE OF PRE-MIOCENE TERTIARY BEDS.
Post Eocene (? Oligocene).
Beaumaris (Cheltenham), Murray Desert, Table Cape, and
Spring Creek.
Upper Eocene.
Muddy Creek, Gippsland Rivers, River Murray, around Port
Philip, Gelibrand River, and upper part of Lower Aldingian
Series.
Mippie Eocene.
Cape Otway and middle section of Lower Aldingian.
LowER Eocene.
Chalk of the Great Australian Bight, lower part of Lower
Aldingian Series, and Croydon Bore.
PALAONTOLOGICAL NOTES.
Fusus trivialis, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 4.
This species is represented by an imperfect specimen, wanting
the greater part of the spire. It resembles Fusus Johnstoni, as
illustrated in my ‘‘Gasteropods,” Part I., t. 12, fig. 4a (a young
shell), and indicates a total length of 44 mm., and a width of
body-whorl of 20 mm. It differs by fewer and stouter spiral
threads, three or four on the antesutural slope, the whorls not so
angulated, the peripheral tuberculations more dentiform and
larger, and the snout much more robust.
Volutilithes antispinosus, spec, nov. Platei., figs. 5a, b.
It resembles the short-spired form of V. antiscalaris, but has
not the antesutural corona, and the adjacent whorls are flush, the
spinous tubercles are fewer (eleven on the body-whorl), and more
prominent. Its shape is more pyriform, and by reason of the
more precipitous post-peripheral slope and the relatively wider
periphery the aperture is more markedly trapezoidal. The pos-
terior half of the anteperipheral area of the body-waorl is smooth.
In this and some other respects this new species is the analogue
of V. spinosus, Lamarck, but it is larger and less acute.
In my ‘Gasteropods,” Part II., p. 154, V. anticingulatus is
recorded from Murray Desert ; the specimen which served for
that determination is not accessible to me, but, it 1s probable, it
belongs to V. antispinosus.
Dimensions.—Length, 48 mm.; width, 24 mm.
Mitra diductua, spec. nov.
M. dictua, Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc., 8. Aust., vol. XI., p. 138, t. 4,
9, 1889 (non. Ten.-Woods.)
108
The fossil figured by me, as quoted above, is from Murray
Desert, though the description was drawn-up from a Muddy
Creek authentic example of Jf. dictua, Ten.-Woods. A _ re-
examination of the Tareena specimen, aided by others since
acquired from Mindarie, satisfies me that my original determina-
tion is wrong; that the Murray Desert shell is distinct from M.
dictua, from which it differs by more cylindric shape and by the
earlier whorls being without ornament.
A similar species to the foregoing occurs in the Pliocene of the
Dry. Creek and Croydon bores, near Adelaide; which is dis-
tinguished from M. diductua by an antesutural sulcus, more or
less punctuated, posterior to which there may be one or two
linear sulcations (5 exs.); I name it AL. fodinalis.
M. uniplica, M. dictua, M. diductua, and M. fodinalis are
typical Mitre, constituting a group characterized by ill-developed
or obsolete anterior columella-plications.
Aneilla hebera, Hutton.
The fossil referred to as A. pseudaustralis, var., in Trans. Roy.
Soc., 8S. Aust., vol. XI., p. 148, t. 6, f. 13., I now consider to be
an extremely large senile form of A. hebera (Three senile examples
of varying size from Murray Desert).
Cassis contusus, spec. nov. Plate i, fig. 1 a, b.
This fossil is of the same shape as C. exiguus, though the apex
is more slender and apiculate. The last whorl has three rows of
nodulations, the posterior one is continuous to the labrum, the
middle row does not reach so far, whilst the anterior row fades
away at about the half distance between the last varix and the
labrum. The posterior row of nodulations are fewer (fourteen)
than in C. exiguws, and the antesutural crenatures are much
wider than in that species. Whilst in the allied species the
ornamentation consists of strong axial threads crossed by
revolving strie; in C. contusus the axial ornament consists of
irregular wrinklings, whilst the middle line of the interspaces
between the nodulate rows is occupied by two or three spiral
rows of impressions varying in outline from circular to rhombic ;
a similar ornate band is anterior to the third nodulate row, and
again around the base posterior to the snout.
Dimensions.—Total length, 53 mm.; length of spire, 7 mm.
peripheral diameter, 40 mm. Type unique. University Museum’
Sureula Vardoni, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 3 a, b.
Fusiform ; spire pyramidal, acute, nearly as long as the
aperture, terminating in a small obtuse pullus of two smooth
whorls, the tip of which is laterally immersed. Ordinary spire-
whorls six, separated by a linear suture, flatly convex ; the earlier
whorls medially carinated or bicarinated coincident with the
109
fascia, and with fine spiral threads, more or less squamose by
intersection with the growth striew, above and below the fascia.
Body-whorl flatly convex, somewhat abruptly contracted into
a moderately short, wide, shortly upturned canal. The fascia is
1:5 mm. wide, and is post-peripheral, but widely separated from
the suture ; the post-fascial area is nearly smooth, the spiral and
axial ornament of the earlier whorls being almost obliterated ;
the anteperipheral area is furnished with about five stout sub-
acute spiral ribs, the interspaces spirally lined ; the same kind of
ornament, with weaker spiral ribs, but with more pronounced
squamose spiral striz, is continued on to the base and snout.
Aperture narrowly pyriform, outer lip thin, sinus apparently
broad and short.
The species would appear to. be common at both localities.
Dimensions.—Length, 38°5 mm.; width, 16 mm.; length o
aperture, 24°5 mm.; and width, 6 mm.
The species-name is a compliment to Mr. Joseph Vardon, J.P.,.
whose invaluable aid to the Council in his capacity of printer of
the Transactions since 1879, is hereby personally acknowledged
by me.
Remarks.—Among described species of the Australian Ter-
riaries, this new form makes a near approach to P. paracantha,
Ten.-Woods, from which it differs by more conoidal shape, the
absence of tubercles on the keel, and by having strong spiral ribs
on the body-whorl. I consider the two species to be congeneric ;
they both have the aspect of Lathytoma—aindeed, I had referred
last year* P. paracantha to Bathytoma—but the columella-plica-
tion is not developed, though there is a faint twist of the pillar.
Whatever may be more correct generic location, there is no
doubt that these two species abbreviate the differences which
separate the one genus from the other.
Cerithium Torrii, spec. nov. Plate i., fig. 2.
Shell cylindroid-turreted, fully five times as long as wide.
Whorls flat, slightly imbricatirg at the suture, ornamented by
stout, subactue, subflexuose axial ribs about twenty-four on each
of the six anterior whorls; the ribs are interrupted at about one-
fifth the breadth of the whorl from the posterior suture by a
linear series of contusions in the interspaces, and the more
anterior whorls are crossed by two or three slightly elevated
spiral threads, which are feebly tuberculated at the intercrossing
with the axial costee. The whole surface of each whorl is closely
and minutely reticulate-lined.
Dimensions.—The two examples under observation are imper-
fect, both are wanting the apical part of the spire and the body
* Proc. Roy. Soc., N.S.W., p. 398.
110
whorl. The less incomplete specimen has ten whorls in a length
of 130 mm., and a maximum width of 31 mm., by estimate the
total length is 160 mm. The other specimen has five and a-half
turns in a length of 82 mm., including canal, with a breadth of
32 mm.
Remarks.—I do not know of any species of Cerithoid shell,
recent or fossil, with which to compare C. Torria; the imperfec-
tion of the anterior part of the shell does not permit of an exact
generic reference, though probably it may be to Potamides.
The species name is in compliment to my malacological con-
frere, Dr. Torr, whose assistance has so ably and heartily been
given in furtherance of the present communication.
Crassatella oblonga, 7'en.- Woods,
The Murray Desert fossil, of which several examples have been
under observation, is absolutely identical with the type shapes of
the species so common at Table Cape, but the application of this
name to specimens of Crassatella from the Pliocene of the
Dry Creek Bore is wrong.
Chione dimorphophylla, Tate, or sp. n.
A unique example of a right valve of a Chione, though it
much resembles C. dimorphophylla yet differs from that species
sufficiently to suggest the probability of its specific distinctness ;
but the possibility that the differences may represent extreme
individual variation induces me to a non-committal course.
As compared with the type, the ventral margin is more arched.
the radial threads coarser and the concentric frills somewhat
fewer (those of the medial region thick and obtuse, not thin and
retroverted).
SUPPLEMENTAL NOTE ON THE FORAMINIFERA.
By WatrerR Howcnin, EF.G.S.
Triloculina trigonula, Lamk.
Miliolina cuvieriana, @’ Orb.
Wy oblonga, Montag.
. seminulum, Linn.
Ne venusta, Kar.
Planispirina agglutinans, d’Orb (sp.)
Reophax, sp.
Clavulina angularis, d’Orb.
Lagena levis, Mont.
ts striata, d’Orb.
es sulcata, W. & J.
Nodosaria scalaris, Balsch.
.
‘
+
5
'
-s
ve
iy
b
Vol X X11. Plate. 1.
VARDON €- PRITCHARD
Prt
Cristellaria, sp.
Polymorphina communis, @’Orb.
a elegantissima, P. & J.
Discorbina orbicularis, Zerg.
Truncatulina margaritifera, Br.
i ungeriana, d’Orb.
Pulvinulina elegans, d@’Orb.
Polystomella crispa, Linn.
a macella, /. & M.
The commonest species in the material is Polystomella macella,
but the examples exhibit feeble development which may have
been caused by unfavourable conditions. The list is not in any
way distinctive, the occurrences being of species which have a
wide distribution, but has perhaps a closer affinity to the Older
rather than the Newer Tertiaries. Of the ten species of Forami-
nifera observed from the Dry Creek Bore (Older Pliocene), only
two are represented in the above lists. The material was, how-
ever, widely different in each case, that from Dry Creek being
somewhat coarse quartzose sand, whilst that now reported upon
was fine and calcareous.— W.H.
The paucity of numbers of species may be accounted for by the
very small quantity (a thimbleful) of material submitted for
examination.
EXPLANATIONS TO PLATE I.
Figs,
1, a.b. Cassis contusus ; two views, nat. size.
2. Cerithium Tor7i, nat. size.
3. Surcula Vardoni; a, nat. size; b, enlarged view of protoconch.
4. Fusus trivialis, nat. size.
5, a.b. Volutilithes antispinosus ; two views, nat. size.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF CORALS FROM
THE AUSTRALIAN TERTIARIES.
By J. Dennant, F.G.S., Hon, Fellow.
Parr.
WITH PLATES IL., IIL
[Read June 6, 1899. ]
It will, I think, be ultimately found that the Australian
Tertiaries are specially rich in corals. So far nearly 60 species
have been described, almost solely by Professor M. Duncan and
the Rev. J. T. Woods, but the unnamed ones in collectors’ hands
are still numerous.
In addition to my own gatherings, the material available in-
cludes contributions from Professor Tate and Mr. J. Mulder, who
have generously allowed me to select what I chose from their
cabinets.
A revision of the forms described by previous authors is also
desirable, and will be undertaken when further examples of the
various genera represented have been discussed.
In the present paper I deal with seven species, which are
included under five genera and two families.
FAMILY TURBINOLIDZ.
GENUS FLABELLUM.
Flabellum Gippslandicum, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 1 a, b.
The corallum is compact in substance, of varying height, some-
times tall in relation to its breadth, straight, much compressed,
and wedge-shaped. The sides are rounded and slightly inclined
to the base, the angle subtended being about 10°. The anterior
and posterior surfaces are flattened, and also inclined to each
other at a similar angle. The base is crescent-shaped and much
eroded ; not unusually the horns of the crescent are slightly
prolonged outward,
The calice is shallow and elliptical, with the plane of the
shorter axis somewhat higher than that of the longer; the two
axes of the ellipse are as 100 to 44. There are five cycles of ©
septa with six systems, of which only the two central ones are
complete ; in the figured calice the septa number 76. The first
three orders are stout and equal; the higher orders diminish both
113
in length and thickness, the fifth being very short and thin. All
the orders are wavy, and, with the exception of the highest, show
several radiating rows of granules on their sides.
The fossa is long, narrow, and abruptly descending. Most
specimens have the wall of the corallum broken off level with the
columella, which is formed by the fused ends of the principal
septa ; but in more perfect examples the columella is either not
visible or can be just seen deep down in the fossa.
The coste are subequal in size, closely-set, and correspond to
the septa. Asa rule, they are almost concealed by the epitheca,
but when this has been worn off by fossilization they are distinct
on the sides of the corallum. In well-preserved examples the
epitheca is dense, and shows chevron-marked ridges running
parallel with the convex calicular margin.
Height of corallum (figured example), 31 mm.; length of
calice, 16 mm.; breadth of calice, 7 mm.
Locality.—Abundant in the Miocene beds of the Gippsland
Lakes area, Victoria.
This coral is allied to # Victorig, Duncan, but is more com-
pressed and much larger. It has besides an extra cycle of septa.
Flabellum fastigatum, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 2 a, 0.
The corallum is elliptico-conical in shape, and tapers regularly
from the summit to a very small pedicel at the base. The angle
subtended by the lateral borders of the corallum is about 30°, and
that by the middle line of the faces about 18°. The calice is
elliptical and deeply excavated. The two axes of the ellipse are
as 100 to 56.
The septa are slender and straight ; they have dentated edges,
and their sides are ornamented with rows of small rounded
granules. They are in six systems, with four cycles. The two
central systems only are complete, those at the ends wanting
either a secondary or tertiary, and also one or more of the quater-
nary septa. The primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries are well
developed and equal; the quaternaries are nearly as long, but
thinner and less prominent from the wall. The inner borders of
the principal septa are perpendicular, and enclose a narrow, deep,
and elongate fossa, at the bottom of which is the columella; this
is formed by the thickened and fused ends of the septa of all four
orders. Only one of my examples shows a deep central fossula in
the calice, the others, as is frequently the case with fossil
Plabella, having the corallum broken off or worn to the level of
the columella. The wall is thin towards the calicular margin,
but becomes stout inferiorly.
The principal costz are prominent on the surface of the
corallum as medially furrowed and slightly raised ridges, which
H
114
correspond to the three first orders of septa. There are no cost
of the fourth order. The ridges which constitute the lateral
cost are larger than the others, and can be traced almost to the
terminal pedicel ; two or three of those on the middle of the faces
reach as far, but the remainder are successively cut off by the
lateral slope of the cone. All become less conspicuous as they
approach the base.
The epitheca is strong aud continuous on the surface of the
corallum ; it forms a transverse ornament of wavy lines both on
the costz and their interspaces.
Height, 30 mm.; length of calice, 18 mm.; breadth of calice,
10 mm.
Locality.— Rare in the Eocene cliffs at Spring Creek, 13 miles
south of Geelong, Victoria.
Flabellum eurtum, spec. nov. PI. iii., fig. 3 a, b.
The corallum is compressed, especially inferiorly, and in outline
almost an equilateral triangle, of which the upper margin repre-
sents the base, and the short swollen pedicel the apex ; its lateral
borders are gently rounded. The calice is shallow and elliptical,
the ratio of the axes of the ellipse being as 100 to 52; the plane
of the shorter axis is considerably higher than that of the longer,
and the summits of the faces are consequently much arched.
The septa are granulated, slightly curved, and faintly waved .
on their upper margins. They are in six systems, with five
cycles, four only of which are developed in the end systems.
Rach of the latter contains two principal septa, viz., the primary
and either the secondary or one of the tertiaries; the higher
orders are present, but correspondingly few in number. The half
calice figured shows only two quinaries in the end systems instead
of four, none being developed on either side of the quaternaries
which flank the middle system. In other calices examined the
quinaries are present in these spaces, but are wanting on the
sides of the adjoining quaternaries at the extremities of the
middle system. For the three systems figured there are 28 septa,
or 56 for the entire calice. The primaries, secondaries, and
tertiaries are stout and equal, and bound a moderately broad and
deep axial fossa; the quaternaries are nearly as long, but much
thinner, while the quinaries are still smaller and very short. The
inner margins of the principal septa are vertical in the fossa and
strongly wrinkled ; they are free for a considerable distance
down, and then unite by stoutish, twisted processes to form a
rudimentary columella.
The costee are marked on the surface by broad rugose bands
with narrow interspaces, and radiate from the pedicel to the
arched margin. They are of equal width for their inferior two-
——— ee
a a oe
115
thirds, when the more central ones divide into pairs up to the
margin, the division line between each pair being faint. The
cost visible superiorly correspond to the septa. The epitheca is
rough, dense, and persistent ; it forms broad convex bands here
and there on the surface. running parallel with the calicular
margin, and most distinct in the interspaces of the coste.
Height, including pedicel, 11 mm.; length of calice. 10°5 mm.;
breadth of calice, 5° mm. All the examples found are practic-
ally uniform in size.
Locality.—Tolerably numerous in the Miocene beds of the
Gippsland Lakes area.
GENUS PLACOTROCHUS.
Placotrochus corniculatus, spec. nov. Pl. ii., figs. 3 a, b.
The corallum is horn-shaped, smooth, and finely pedicellate.
In young specimens there is a slight constriction just above the
pedicel. The wall is thin at the summit, but becomes stouter
inferiorly. The epitheca is strong, and is marked by transverse
wavy ridges and lines, which are most numerous in the upper
half of the coral, and reach the calicular margin. The calice is
shallow and elliptical, but the relative lengths of the major and
minor axes of the ellipse are not constant in the species. Thus
in three examples measured the axes are respectively as 10U to
64, 100 to 72, and 100 to 82.
The septa are slightly exsert and most symmetrically disposed.
They are in six systems, with four complete cycles; the primaries
and secondaries are moderately stout and equal, the remaining
orders becoming successively smaller. Though straight as regards
their main direction, the septa are strongly waved and wrinkled,
especially the primaries and secondaries for the inner two-thirds
of their course. Perpendicular rows of moderate-sized, pointed
granules are alternately placed on either side of the septa of the
first and second orders, the summit of each successive fold carry-
ing, as a rule, a single row of granules. Occasional granules also
occur on the septa of higher order.
The columella is a straight, thin, and short lamella with
rounded margins, and projects distinctly from the bottom of the
fossa.
The costz correspond to the septa. The primary lateral costa
on the convex curve of the corallum forms a strong well-marked
ridge, which in some specimens is nodose. Other less prominent
ridges mark the secondary and the remaining five primary coste.
In the spaces between the ridges, which are barely concave, the
tertiaries and quaternaries are indicated by faint lines.
Height, 20 mm.; longer axis of calice (type), 9 mm.; shorter
axis, 6°5 mm.
116
Locality.—Kocene clays of the Adelaide bore, South Australia.
Collected by Professor Tate.
GENUS PARACYATHUS.
Paracyathus Tasmanicus, spec. nov. PI. ii., figs. 4 a, b.
The corallum is almost, occasionally quite, straight, and
cylindro-conical in shape. with an expanded calice and a very
broad flat base, which affords evidence of having been attached
to a foreign substance. The calice is elliptical and concave, with
a deep central fossa. The relative lengths of the major and
minor axes of the ellipse are as 100 to 86.
The costz are continuous with the septa, and more conspicuous
in the superior than in the inferior portion of the corallum. The
epitheca is pellicular and thin.
The septa have rounded upper margins, and are thickest at
the wall, above which they rise to varying heights, according to
cyclical order. They are in six systems, with four cycles. In
the example figured the quaternaries are wanting for half of one
system ; another example shows the systems all complete. The
primaries and secondaries are sub-equal in size, and the higher
orders become successively both smaller and shorter. All the
septa have numerous pointed granules on their sides. There are
distinct pali before all the orders except the last, the youngest
reaching higher in the calice than the secondaries, and these
again than the primaries. Several smaller pali towards the base
of the fossa are hardly distinguishable from the papilli of the
columella. Both the pali and the columella are well preserved in
the figured calice, which belongs to an aged example, but the
septa are worn and largely connected by growth rings. In fact,
the outer portion of the septal area is much filled up by calcareous
matter, to which Lindstrém has applied the term stereoplasma.
That the presence of this in such a position in the calice is not of
classificatory importance is insisted upon by Duncan,* and its
occurrence in the fossil coral here described fully supports his
views. Two other examples (one of which is the corallum
figured) have the septa perfect, and the calices entirely free from
any such growth; but as in both cases the pali were partly
broken down in clearing the fossa from sediment, their calices
would not serve so well for illustrating the characteristic features
of the species. Other poorly preserved specimens are also to
hand, several of which are free from stereoplasma, while one or
two of them show its presence to some extent.
* Revision of the Families and Genera of the Madreporaria. Journal
Linn. Soc., Zoology, vol. XVIII., p. 27, 1884.
117
Height of corallum figured (young example), 9 mm.; diameters
of its calice, 7 and 6 mm. respectively ; diameters of calice
figured (aged example), longest 10°5 mm., shortest 9 mm. In the
corallum of the latter the base is broken off, but the remaining
portion is still 11 mm. high.
Locality.—Table Cape, Tasmania (Eocene). Fairly common,
but usually worn. Collected by Professor Tate and J. Dennant.
This coral much resembles P. swpracostatus, mihi. Its morc
exsert septa and difference in shape entitle it, I think, to specifie
rank.
GENUS STEPHANOTROCHUS, Moseley, 1881.
Corallum dense and compact in substance, cup-shaped or
saucer-shaped, with trace of early attachment, usually with well-
developed cost, bearing a succession of small spines, with widely
open capacious fossa. Septa usually extremely exsert, the exsert
quinaries, or quaternaries, where these are not present, lying
next to the primaries, higher than the tertiaries or equal to them.
Columella absent or little prominent.
Four species of corals dredged by the Challenger Expedition,
viz., three in the Atlantic and one off the coast of New South
Wales, were at first referred by Professor Moseley to the genus
Ceratotrochus. In his later special Monograph, however, he
instituted the above genus for their reception. I have now to
draw attention to a fossil coral from the Australian Eocene,
which exhibits the essential characteristics of Moseley’s genus.
Stephanotrochus Tatei, spec. nov. PI. iii., figs. 1 a, b, c.
The corallum is saucer-shaped, but so shallow as to be almost
discoia. Adult examples are compact in substance and free, but
younger ones, besides being much thinner, show a small, rounded,
and slightly depressed scar of former attachment.
The base is flat and roughly hexagonal in outline. The
hexagonal angles are opposite the primary costz, from each of
which a long, stout, but gradually tapering spine projects
obliquely downward (approximate angle with base, 145°), so that
the coral when placed upon a flat surface rests on the points of
six equidistant spiny processes. The basal edges bend gently
round to form the wall of the corallum at an angle which varies
in different individuals from 45° to about 60°. The voste, which
are continuations of the septa, are prominent on the sides of the
corallum, and covered with transverse rows of granules, which
give them a serrated appearance. On the base they are either
obsolete or just traceable as slightly raised lines, the primaries
and secondaries being more persistent than the rest. (It should
be noted that the parallel bars shown in the centre of the base
figured have no significance, and are absent in similarly worn
118
specimens). In full grown individuals the base, coste, and spines
are covered by a dense epitheca ; younger ones have the epitheca
thin and delicate. The calice is large, open, and scarcely
concave; like the base it is hexagonal in outline, each angle
being marked by the strong projection of a primary, and its two
adjacent quinary septa. From the latter, the wall curves in-
wards towards the secondaries, where there is another, but much
smaller projection.
The septa are in six systems, with five cycles; all extend
beyond the wall in varying degrees, the primaries the most. In
plan they exhibit the same pecularities as were noted by Moseley
in the case of the recent S. nobilis. The diagram given by him
in the Challenger Report of a complete system in the recent form
can, in fact, be cited as almost exactly representing the septal
scheme of the fossil one. Of the four quaternaries in each
system, the two nearest the primaries, besides being slightly
thicker than the others, bend towards and join the tertiaries at
from half to two-thirds from the wall ; each half system is, in
fact, trisected by these two connected septa, so that the tertiaries
are, according to the theoretical order of cyclical development,
unsymmetrically placed. The quaternaries adjoining the
secondaries are straight and free, and approximately equal to the
quinaries. Only four of the latter are present in each system
instead of eight, viz., between each pair of connected septa, and
flanking the primaries; on either side of the free quaternaries
they are absent. In the type calice, the bent quaternary and
the quinary between it and the adjoining tertiary are wanting
for half of one of the systems. The principal septa increase
gradually in thickness according to order as they approach the
wall, especially the primaries, which become very stout; beyond
it they taper off rapidly. The higher orders are just slightly
thickened at the wall. The primaries and the quinaries next
them are very exsert at the margin of the calice, where, also, the
latter are joined to the former by a prolongation of the wall. A
similar union of the free quaternaries with the secondary septa
is also noticeable.
The costal tubercles proceeding from the base are really lateral
continuations of the exsert primaries, and mark as it were the
framework on which the coral is built ; together they give it a
most characteristic appearance. For the most part the superior
portions of the septa are broken off in the specimens, but from
occasional intact ones still left, it is apparent that in life all of
them rose as fan-shaped structures of varying height near the
wall. The primaries, secondaries, tertiaries, and bent quater-
naries are hollowed out, and deeply notched in their middle
portions, and then rise again in one or more smaller elevations,
:
|
119
also fan-shaped, nearer the centre of the fossa. The more
central of these elevations are subequal in height, and might,
perhaps, in a choked calice be mistaken for pali. It is only
necessary to examine a specimen free from adhering sediment to
see that they are integral parts of the septa, and not pali. All
the septa have granules on their sides, which, especially on the
surtace of the fans, are arranged in a radiating manner; their
upper edges are rendered very irregular from the presence nee
and there of little knobs and excrescences.
The primary, secondary, and tertiary septa extend to the cen-
tre of the calice, but before reaching it, they are twisted, often
fused together, and all connected by much tortuous calcareous
matter, having raised papilli on its surface. The columella so
formed is therefore parietal only, but it occupies a large space in
the calice.
The type specimen, which is an exceptionally well-preserved
one, measures 18 mm. across the primary septa, and 14°5 inm.
where narrowest; diameter of base midway between the
hexagonal angles, 13 mm. ; thickness through the centre of coral,
3°) mm. A spine with point broken off is 5 mm. long.
The dimensions of a larger but worn specimen are :— Diameter
of calice, 24 and 21 mm. ; and of base, 15 mm.; length of spine,
also broken, 8 mm.
Locality.—Tolerably abundant in the Eocene cliffs at Spring
Creek, 13 miles south of Geelong, Victoria.
This elegant coral is quite unlike any other in the Australian
tertiaries, but is closely allied to one from New Zealand, which
was doubtfully identitied by Ten.-Woods with Trochocyathus (1)
Mantelli, Milne-Edwards. The latter has also basal tubercules,
while the quinaries which respectively flank the stout primary
and secondary septa are fused to them at the wall. A drawing
of its base only was published by Mantell in 1850, and the above
tentative name was added by Milne-Edwards. Woods’ species is
probably the same, but in the fragment described and figured by
him pali were supposed to be present. An example, however,
from the Waitaki River, in the Museum of the University of
Adelaide, which has been placed in my hands, shows no pali, but
only raised structures on the upper central margin of the septa
just as in S. Tatez, and I therefore conclude that it should also
be referred to Moseley’s genus Stephanotrochus.
FAMILY EUPSAMMID.
Before describing the next species, a few preliminary remarks
upon the characteristics of the genus 7’rematotruchus, in which I
place it, are necessary.
120
In the original diagnosis of this genus by Ten.-Woods,* pali
were supposed to be present, but the structures observed are
merely the lobed or thickened ends of some of the principal
septa. By Duncan they are called paliform lobes or dentations
around the axial space. An amendment of the genus proposed
by the latter authort was based upon Woods’ drawings and
description of 7’. fenestratus, the only species then known. To
him is due the recognition of a third cycle of rudimentary septa
answering to the third cycle of well developed cost, but in some
other respects his description is incorrect and misleading. The
perforated wall, which is questioned by him, is, nevertheless,
undoubted, and forms an essential characteristic of the genus.
In regard to this I entirely concur with Woods, who remarks—
“The pores go right through the wall; in fact, as the pores are
very large, the portion of the wall which separates them becomes
little more than a flat transverse bar.” I may add as confirmatory
of his conclusion, that a longitudinal section of the coral, pre-
pared so as to leave a portion of the wall intact, admits light
freely through the pores. Duncan follows Woods in stating that
there is no columella. As further detail, he adds—<“ The septa,
which are large and equal, extend close to the axial space, and
form a tube-like space.” The equality of the septa is evident
enough from Woods drawings, his assertion to the contrary in
the accompanying description being a mistake. The tube-like
space is, however, not vacant, as might perhaps be inferred, but
filled with hard nodular tissue, which, uniting with the septal
ends, forms a columella. This is visible also in transverse
sections of the corallum, cut either near the upper surface or
close to the base. As to which of the two principal orders of
septa should be considered the primary is not easily decided. I
am inclined to reverse the order of development assigned to them
by both the authorities quoted. In the new species described
below, the lobed septa are, I judge, those of the second order.
Notwithstanding its perforated wall, the genus was placed by
its author among the Turbinolide on account of its supposed
analogies with certain genera in that family. The second species
referred to shows, however, in addition to a distinctly perforated
wall, a regular fusing together of certain septa in each system at
some distance from the margin, as in the genera of the
Eupsammide. I can, in fact, see no reason for the retention of
the genus in the Aporosa Section of the Madreporaria, and place
it instead under the Perforata. The regular perforations in the
* Proc. Royal Soc., New South Wales, vol. XII., 1878, p. 59, fig. 2.
+ Revision of Madreporaria. Jour. Linn. Soc., Zoology, vol. XVIIL,
pp. 20, 21.
i=
—————
12]
wall of Z’rematotrochus are well-represented by the radial pores
on the base of Stephanophyllia.
In the following revised diagnosis of the genus I have noted
what appear to be its essential attributes.
Genus Trematorrocuus, 7’, Woods (emend),
Corallum simple, conical, free. Calice circular or elliptical
with distinct margin. Costz prominent. Septa in six systems,
solid, and continuous with coste. The inner ends of some are
lobed and united to hard nodular tissue, which occupies the axial
space and constitutes the columella. The highest cycle of septa is
small or even rudimentary and corresponds to well developed cost.
Wall incomplete in the intercostal spaces, which are regularly
fenestrated. Neithere ndotheca nor synapticule present. No
pitheca.
Trematotrochus Clarkii spec. nov. PI. iii, figs. 2 a, d.
The corallum is smali and roundly conical in shape. It. is
slightly contracted at the calice, which is circular, with a sub-
plane surface.
The septa are in six systems with four cycles. The primaries
are free and of nearly the same thickness throughout. I select
these as primary because they are continued on the wall by coste
which evidently constitute the original framework of the coral.
Usually there is but one tertiary developed in each system and
this joins the secondary at from one-third to a half from the wall.
A single one of my specimens shows two tertiaries in four of the
systems, the additional one present aiso joining the neighbouring
secondary. Before uniting, the tertiaries and secondaries equal
the primaries in thickness, but their fused portions are much
stouter. In most examples, as in the one figured, there are thus
18 equal septa at the margin of the calice, but in the exceptional
one mentioned there are 22. In all cases, however, the inter-
spaces are approximately equal. Each of these is at the circum-
ference medially divided by a cycle of rudimentary septa just as
in 7. fenestratus. These are very small, and, in fact, only
occasionally visible in the calice as extremely short needle-like
spikes. The septa of the three first orders are solid, exsert, and
minutely granular on their sides ; the secondaries are much lobed
and indented in their thickened portions.
The columella is formed by hard nodular tissue, which occupies
a small but well marked area between the opposite ends of the
principal septa at the centre of the calice. The secondaries, and
the primaries also in well preserved examples, unite with it, the
thickened and lobed ends of the former rising slightly above its
upper surface. It is continuous downward nearly, if not quite,
122
to the base of the corallum. In a young example lately collected,
about two-thirds of the upper portion of the fossil has been worn
away by fossilization, and at the bottom there is still a prominent
columella.
The cost are continuous with the septa, and thus vary in
number exactly as these do. Including the quaternaries the
total number of costz is normally 36, but in the example men-
tioned with four extra tertiary septa, 44 separate coste were
counted at the upper margin of the wall, there being a quater-
nary in every interspace of the other cycles. The primaries are
distinct and free right to the base ; the tertiaries unite with the
secondaries at varying heights on the wall from about two-thirds
below the summit to quite close to the base. These three orders.
of cost are stout and subequal in size, the primaries becoming,
perhaps, slightly the stouter towards the base. The coste of the
fourth order are always weli developed, and about half as thick
as the others; they meet either the secondaries or the tertiaries
at heights on the wall which vary considerably in the several
systems. The intercostal spaces, which towards the upper margin
of the corallum equal the cost, are crossed by thin transverse
bars, between which there is a series of regular pores similar to
those in 7’. fenestratus ; they are, of course, most conspicuous in
the upper part of the corallum, where the intercostal spaces are
widest. In the young example referred to above with worn and
excavated calice, the pores are visible on the inner as well as the
outer surface of the wall. Towards the margin of the calice
also in most examples the complete perforation of the wall is
plainly seen.
Altitude, 5 mm.; greatest diameter of corallum, 4 mm. ;
diameter of calice, 3 mm.
Locality.—Tolerably abundant in Miocene beds at Mississipi
Creek, Gippsland Lakes area. Twelve examples. The species
name is in compliment to Mr. Donald Clark, from whom I
received my first specimen.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Puate II.
1. Flabellum Gippslandicum—a, corallum, nat. size ; b, calice, 3 diam.
2. Flabellum fastigatum—a, corallum, nat. size; b, calice, 2 diam.
8 Placotrochus corniculatus—a, corallum, 1°5 diam.; 6, calice, 4 diam.
4. Paracyathus Tasmanicus—a, corallum, 2°5 diam.; b, calice, 5 diam.
PLATE III.
1. Stephanotrochus Tatci—a, corallum, 2 diam. ; b, base, 2 diam.; ¢, calice,
3 diam.
2. Trematotrochus Clarkii—a, corallum, 6 diam.; }, calice, 10 diam. _
2 Flabellum curtum—a, corallum, 2 diam.; 5, calive, 3 diam., showing
three systems.
Vol XXIII. Platell
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PRELIMINARY NOTES ON PHASCOLONUS GIGAS,
Owen [PHASCOLOMYS (PHASCOLONUS) GIGAS,
Owen], AND ITS IDENTITY WITH SCEPARNODON
RAMSAYI, Owen.
By E. C. Stirune, M.D., F.R.S., C.M.Z.S., Director,
and
A. H. C. Zietz, F.LS., C.M.Z.S., Assistant-Director,
South Australian Museum.
[Read July 4. 1899.]
INTRODUCTION.
In 1872 Sir Richard Owen described, under the designation of
Phascolomys gigas,* certain fragments of mandibles of a large
extinct wombat-like animal. At the same time he suggested for
it the name Phascolonus if, thereafter, it should be found neces-
sary to confer on it generic or subgeneric distinction.
In 1883 the same writer ascribed certain peculiar adze-like
teeth to Scepornodon ramsayi,i the generic name having been
suggested by Dr. Rainsay, then Curator of the Australian
Museum, Sydney, who had transmitted casts of the teeth in
question.
In the following notes we desire to show—
(1) That the teeth, in question, ascribed to Sceparnodon
ramsayi are the upper incisors of Phascolonus (Phascolomys)
gigas ; and
(2) That Owen’s anticipation, that a more extended examina-
tion of the remains of the animal] to which his fossils belonged
might prove to be generically distinct from Phascolomys, is
fulfilled.
We shall therefore adopt definitely the name Phascolonus
which Owen’s prevision led him to suggest and which thus caused
him to bracket it with that of Phascolomys in the index to his
volumes on the Extinct Mammals of Australia. The probable
correctness of this anticipation has already been to some extent
recognised for, in the British Museum Catalogue of Fossil Mam-
*Phil. Trans. R. Soc. of London, vol. CLXII. (1872), pp. 248—258.
Extiact Mamm. of Australia, pp. 346—355.
+ Vide footnote to above papers, pp. 251 and 348 respectively.
+ Phil. Trans., vol. CLXXV. (1884), pp. 245—248.
124
malia, Part V. (Lydekker, 1887), p. 157, Sceparnodon appears
as a synonym of the definitely established genus Phascolonus ; so
also a similar view has been adopted in Mammals Living and
Extinct (Flower and Lydekker) p. 146.
Elsewhere* Lydekker has stated the reasons on which he
bases his conclusions as to the generic identity of the two forms.
On the other hand their identity has been disputed by DeVis,7
who, in the latter of the two communications referred to,
describes and figures, as the real incisor of Phascolonus, a tooth
of a form very different to that ascribed by Owen to Sceparnodon ;
but whatever this tooth may be, it is certainly not that of Owen’s
Phascolonus.
In the light of DeVis’ statements, Lydekker expresses himself
more doubtfully on the subject in his later work, ‘‘ Marsupials
and Monotremes,” 1894, p. 266.
The very complete evidence afforded by the Callabonna re-
mains will, now however, finally decide the point in favour of
identity. {
As regards the first proposition the assertion rests on the clear
evidence afforded by the Callabonna discovery.§ Amongst these
remains, and associated with others of the same animal, were two
mandibles, nearly complete except as to the upper two-thirds of the
ascending ramus, which corresponded exactly to those of Owen’s
Phascoiomys (Phascolonus) gigas. One of these mandibles
belongs to other fragments which, together, make up a large por-
tion of the cranium. Fortunately the maxillary portion is included
and in this are implanted a nearly perfect pair of the adze-like
teeth in question, these having precisely the same characters as,
though they are rather larger than, those ascribed to Sceparnodon
by Owen. Of this pair the left allows its length to be taken
from the chisel edge for a length of 160 mm. along its convexity
to its broken implanted end. The right tooth has lost one inch
of its anterior extremity but has preserved about that amount
more of the implanted end than its fellow. Thus we may be sure
that the whole length of the perfect tooth must have been at
least 180 mm. but it was probably not much more, as the
considerable amount of pulp cavity exposed at the broken
implanted end of the right tooth indicates that its posterior limits
had been nearly reached. This limit corresponds to a vertical
drawn through the upper premolar. The width of these teeth
* Proc. R. Soc. vol. XLIX., 1891, p. 60.
+ Froc. Linn. Soc. of N.S.W., 1891, vol. VI. (2), pt. 2, p. 258, and vol.
VITL., 1893 (2), pt. 1, p. 11.
t For a review of various opinions that have been expressed on this
question vide an article by Dun in the Records Geol. Survey of New South
Wales, vol. IITI., 1892, p. 25.
§ Nature, vol. L., 1894, pp. 184 and 206.
125
is 38 mm. both at their anterior and posterior ends. An
apparently nearly perfect isolated tooth from the same locality
has the very similardimensions of 182 mm. and 39mm. foritslength
and breadth, respectively, and in this it can be seen that the
width is preserved, with almost absolute uniformity, throughout
its whole extent. The thickness in the mid-longitudinal line of
the tooth, just posterior to the bevel of the cutting edge, is 8 mm.
which, at the somewhat thickened lateral borders, is increased to
10 mm. These measurements, also, apply along the whole length
of the tooth.
Thus it will be seen that the Callabonna teeth are somewhat
larger than those that came under the notice of Owen. No other
incisors exist in the upper jaw.
The restoration of the skull has not been completed, but the
large fragment which contains the pair of upper incisors contains
also on each side a complete molar series of phascolomydian type.
Of this the antero-posterior length, measured along the grinding
surfaces, is 114mm. In an old Phascolomys mitchelli and a
young adult P. latifrons the corresponding lengths are 53 mm.
and 49 mm. respectively.
In Phascolomys mitchelli the section of the upper premolar is
sub-triangular and its inner side is indented by a distinct longi-
tudinal groove which imperfectly defines a small anterior lobe
from a larger posterior ; in P. latifrons scarcely a trace of such a
groove exists and the section approximates to a quadrate figure.
In Phascolonus gigas the bilobate character of this tooth is
more distinctly evident both by the sharper definition of the
groove and by the greater relative size of the anterior lobe, the
transverse width of which, however, still falls considerably short
of that of the posterior. On the outer side of the tooth there is
a barely evident longitudinal depression which can barely be
called a groove. The antero-posterior length of the premolar
grinding surface is to the succeeding molar as 19 to 24.
Of the true molars W/. 1 and WZ. 2 are the largest of the series
and approximately equal in size; J/. 3 is distinctly smaller. both
in length and breadth and in all three the lobes are approxi-
mately equal. The posterior, or fourth, molar is unequally
bilobed and is still more reduced in size—it is in fact smaller than
the premolar. The reduction chiefly affects the posterior lobe
but it is also shared by the anterior. The inferiority of size of
the last molar is, also, a character in both Phascolomys mitchelli
and P. latifrons, but in the latter the two lobes are more nearly
of equal size than in the former, where the anterior division has
remained relatively larger.
Of the twospecimens of lower jaw which are included amongst
the remains one comprises the united horizontal rami with the
126
dental series complete, but nearly the whole of the ascending
rami are missing ; the other is a similar, though somewhat less
complete, fragment having lost, in addition to the ascending rami,
that part of the symphysis in advance of the premolars, in which
the incisors were implanted.
Of these fragments it is sufficient, for the object of this com-
munication, to state that they correspond pro tanto to Owen’s
descriptions and they thus indicate a rather closer resemblance,
on the whole, to the latifront than tothe platyrrhine species of
living wombat.
We must postpone our remarks upon the remainder of the
skull until it shall have been more completely restored.
Passing now to a brief notice of the bones of the appendicular
skeleton, in which we shall dwell rather upon departures from
than upon agreements with the phascolomydian type, we may
say that they are without exception of an extraordinarily massive
character, as will be more particularly indicated by the length
and breadth dimensions to be subsequently given.
SCAPULA.
Length* (from tip of coracoid process to base at junction of
spine, 295 mm.; the breadth owing to mutilation cannot be
given. Length of glenoid cavity, 85 mm.; the breadth cannot be
stated.
‘Phascolomys latifrons:—Length of Scapula, 116 mm.; of
glenoid cavity, 25 mm.
In the one specimen of this bone which we possess there have
been preserved the whole length of that portion of the body from
which springs the spine, the greater part of the spine itself
(exclusive of the acromion), the neck, glenoid cavity (somewhat
damaged) and coracoid process.
Such parts of this bone as permit of comparison reveal
phascolomydian features, the chief noticeable difference being
that, in the fossil, the coracoid process, on to the base of which
the glenoid surface extends as it does in the wombat, is not as in
the latter deflected in the direction of the subscapular fossa.
HUMERUS.
Maximum length, 238 mm.; maximum breadth (between
epicondyles), 126 mm.
Wombat :—Length, 105 mm.; breadth, 48 mm.
*In each case the length given is the distance between the transverse
parallels of the two extreme points. The breadth is that of the widest
part of the bone, the position of which will be indicated. For comparison
the corresponding measurements in a young but fully grown Phascolomys
jatifrons will be also stated.
127
This bone is represented by one almost perfect specimen ;
another lacking only the ect-epicondyle and the corresponding
part of the distal articular surface, and a third comprising the
ent-epicondylar moiety. While preserving many typical phas-
colomydian characters, it nevertheless does not possess an
ent-epicondylar foramen; a very shallow emargination of the
internal border, however, exists at the level of the lower end of
the deltoid ridge. The ent-epicondyle itself is relatively less
internally produced than in the wombat, so that there is less
asymmetry in the disposition of the two sides of the distal
extremity.
The insertional line of the pectoralis, which in the wombat
forms a low, almost linear, ridge, is, in Phascolonus, a prominent
angular crest the presence of which confers a distinct angularity
upon the section of the bone in this region ; the lower end of this
crest, moreover, where it meets the deltoid ridge, forms a some-
what swollen tuberosity in place of, as in the wombat, a simple
angle of meeting.
Though we can only refer to Owen’s plate of the humerus of
Nototherium,* the prominence of the pectoral ridge in Phas-
colonus suggests an approximation to this conspicuous feature in
the former fossil. The angular ridge, which in the wombat
extends obliquely from the angle of junction of the pectoral and
deltoid ridges to become continuous with the proximal end of
the ent-epicondylar bridge, is, in Phascolonus, represented by its
upper part only, which soon subsides upon the general thenal
surface of the shaft, and its direction, moreover, in the latter
case, is vertical or in a line with the middle of the gap batween
the radial and ulnar moities of the inferior articular surface.
RADIUS.
[Represented by one complete bone and the proximal half of
another. |
Length, 174 mm.; breadth (at widest part of distal end), 44mm,
Wombat :—Length, 100 mm.; breadth, 21 mm.
The contour of the head more nearly approaches a circular
figure in Phascolonus than in Phascolomys, which feature is
partly due to a somewhat less degree of flattening of its
anconal aspect. In the wombat the proximal border of that
part of the head which is applied to the lesser sigmoid cavity
reaches to a slightly higher level than does that of the opposite
side ; in Phascolonus the conditions are reversed. The interos-
seous ridge, thetop limit of which in the fossil reaches to the level of
the lower edge of the bicipital tuberosity, is very prominent and
rough so that the shaft of the bone is at its broadest at a point
* Extinct Mamm. of Australia, Pl. cxxvii., Text p. 517.
128
about half an inch below the tuberosity. From this point the
width gradually declines until the shaft begins to broaden again
into the distal expansion. In the wombat, on the other hand,
the shaft is at its narrowest just below the tuberosity, thence
gradually widening towards the lower end. In the fossil the
bicipital tuberosity is proportionately smaller but more promi-
nent and relatively more distant from the head than in the
wombat.
ULNA.
{One specimen which lacks the lesser sigmoid cavity and
(excepting its upper lip) that part of the greater cavity
which is applied to the radial division of the distal humeral
articulation. The styloid process, also, is not quite complete, but
this is perfect in a second fragment comprising the lower half of
the bone. |
Length, 250 mm.; breadth (across thenal surface at level of
inner division of humeral articular surface), 95 mm.
Wombat :—Length, 135 mm.; breadth, 29 mm.
To an immense olecranon process, which is proportionately
larger than that of Phascolomys, is added, in Phascolonus, a
marked production thenad of the proximo-thenal angle, the effect
being to produce, in the region lying between the tip of the
olecranon and the thenal side of the sigmoid cavity, a much more
marked depression than exists in the corresponding part of the
ulna of the wombat. The anconal surface both of the olecranon
and shaft is traversed for nearly their whole length by a distinct,
broad but shallow groove which, in the wombat, is scarcely
apparent. The styloid process in the fossil is very distinctly
semi-oviform with a marked inflection thenad ; in the wombat it
is nearly circular in contour and obtusely conical in form.
CARPUS.
[Of the Carpus the cuneiform (one specimen), pisiform (two
specimens), and unciform (two complete and three fragmentary
specimens), only, are represented. |
The first named combines phascolomydian and diprotodontoid
features ;* the pisiform almost exactly repeats on an enlarged
scale the characters of this bone in the wombat, and is thus
unlike that of Diprotodon ; the unciform, which possesses a large
unciform process, is also chiefly phascolomydian in its characters.
The carpal bones reveal an even greater proportionate size,
when compared to those of the wombat, than do the long bones.
* A description of the manus and pes of Diprotodon australis, forming
part I. of vol. I. of the Memoirs of the Royal Society of South Australia,
is now in the press,
129
Thus, in a pisiform of Phascolonus, the length and breadth are
52 mm. and 33 mm. respectively as against 16 mm. and 10 mm. in
the latifront species.
FEMUR.
|One nearly complete bone and a fragment comprising the
lower end. |
Length, 338 mm.; breadth (transverse width of upper end
between head and great tzochanter), 152 mm.
Wombat :—Length, 133 mm.; breadth, 43 mm.
Diprotodontoid features are conspicuous in this bone. They are
to be seen in the width of the upper extremity ; the egg- or pear-
shaped outline of the head (when viewed proximally) owing to
the production of its articular surface on to the neck ; the eleva-
tion of the head to a considerably higher level than the summit
of great trochanter, though not to the degree that obtains in
Macropus; want of elevation of the lesser trochanter; the
marked fore-and-aft flattening of the shaft and upper end, par-
ticularly of the great trochanter; absence of the popliteal depres-
sion, the plane of the hinder surface of the shaft being continued
into the intercondyloid groove, and the anterior production of the
fore part of the inner condyle.
In the wombat the contour of the head, from the proximal
point of view, is much more nearly circular, though there is here,
too, some slight extension of its articular surface on to the neck,;
the height of the great trochanter barely exceeds that of the
head and it is less compressed ; the small trochanter forms a
prominent and compressed ridge, and the shaft is nearly cylin-
drical at its middle; the forepart of the inner condyle, though
more prominent than that of the outer, is not produced, as in
Phascolonus, into a sub-conical prominence.
One feature common to both Phascolonus and Phascolomys is
a shallow but distinct transverse groove which crosses the outer
condyle at its junction with the rotular surface. In Diprotodon
it is the inner condyle which is traversed by a similar groove.
The third trochanter in Phascolonus seems to be represented
by a rough oval tract situated on the post-axial side of the
a little proximad of its middle.
TIBIA.
_|Two almost perfect specimens of opposite sides and slightly
varying size. |
Length, 207 mm. and 198 mm. respectively ; breadth (of prox-
imal end), 104 mm. and 101 mm.
Wombat :—Length, 103 mm. ; breadth, 30 mm.
The tibia exhibits, among other phascolomydian features, a very
marked lateral compression but, in place of the deflection, fibulad,
I
130
of the middle portion of the sharp anterior edge, there is, in
Phascolonus, a conspicuous twist in the continuity of the bone of
such a kind as would arise from a similar inflection of both the
anterior border of the lower end and of the posterior border of
the upper. From the combined effect of the twist, as affecting
the upper end, and of the considerable actual production,
postero-internally, of the latter it arises that the proximal surface
is not only of great superficial extent but also asymmetrically
disposed by reason of its extension in conformity with that of
the head. The condylar depressions of this surface show a
similar asymmetry in size as well as in position, and both are
thrown far back upon it, so that a large area of non-articular
surface lies in front of them, the latter feature being also present
in the wombat. The inner condylar depression, considerably
the larger of the two, is ovoid in shape and deeply concave, the
depth of the concavity being contributed to by the encroachment
of its articular surface on the inner and higher of the two antero-
posteriorly disposed ridges which, together, form the spine of the
tibia. The surface for the outer condyle is sub-polygonal in
shape and generally flat except for that portion of it which rises
on to the outer of the two spinous ridges. In the wombat there
is less inequality of size between the condylar surfaces and the
outer is distinctly convex though the inner is concave.
In Phascolomys the superior tibio-fibular articulation, which is
nearly flat antero-posteriorly, to a large extent underlies the
the outer condylar surface, the two articular tracts making an
acute angle with one another. In the fossil this angle is less
acute and a distinct degree of fore-and-aft concavity of the
fibular articular surface is expressed.
The internal malleolus of the lower end of the fossil tibia is
very broad antero-posteriorly ; it is not, as in the wombat, pro-
duced, inferiorly, into a compressed conical process ; and the
articular surface for the astragalus, instead of extending, as in
the latter, on to the whole of the external face of the malleolus,
encroaches upon it but to a very limited extent. It is with this
latter part that is articulated the inner surface of a low promi-
nence that will be afterwards described as rising from the inner
border of the tibial surface of the astragalus.
A depression on the articular surface of the distal end of the
tibia, just external to the malleolus, receives the summit of the
projection itself.
A. distinct triangular facet for the os pyramidalis exists which
makes an obtuse angle both with the astragalar surface and with
the plane of the hinder region of the extreme lower part of the
external surface of the shaft.
131
FIBULA.
The mutilation of both ends of the only bone obtained of this
kind precludes satisfactory measurement or description.
ASTRAGALUS.
|One complete specimen. |
The Astragalus presents a combination of phascolomydian and
diprotodontoid features with a preponderance of the latter.
It shares the generally depressed characters of the head of this
bone in the wombat, but whereas, in the latter, the anterior
articular convexity for the navicular is coincident with the whole
anterior transverse width of the bone, there is, in Phascolonus as
in Diprotodon, a non-articular tract to the outside of that part
which represents the head. Though less conspicuously than in
Diprotodon the internal border of the superior surface is, in the
same kind of way, elevated into a low pyramidal or conical pro-
jection but, unlike the condition .which obtains in Diprotodon,
the inner side of this is partly articular, being in opposition
with the limited portion of the astragalar surface of the tibia
that has been mentioned as extending on to the outer surface of
the internal malleolus. This smali tract on the inner side of the
projection is the only representative of the extensive surface
that, in the wombat, articulates extensively with the internal
malleolus.
In both Diprotodon and Phascolomys latifrons the articular
surface of the head of the astragalus and of its tibial surface are
discontinuous by the intervention of a non-articular tract but in
Phascolonus the two are continuous by an extension of the latter
which meets the former.
A feature of the astragalus of Phascolonus, not found in
Diprotodon in which the tibial surface is remarkably flat, is a
certain amount of elevation of the border of its antero-external
region ; thus the slope, inwards, from this raised edge and the
opposing slope, outwards, from the previously described pyramidal
elevation of the inner border produce a marked concavity
between these two elevations.
The continuous articular tract on the external aspect for the
fibula and pyramidalis is, as in the wombat, also directly con-
tinuous, though at a less acute angle, with the calcaneal surface
of the bone; in Diprotodon the two are separated by an inter-
vening non-articular strip.
On the under side the features of the astragalus present a
considerable resemblance to those of the corresponding surface in
Diprotodon, the principal difference being in respect of the
relatively large non-articular tract which, in Phascolonus, is left
n the postero-internal region.
132
METATARSALS (METACARPALS 2).
The remains of Phascolonus include four bones of a form very
similar, on a proportionately reduced scale, to that of the fifth
metacarpal and metatarsal of Diprotodon. In all of these the
characteristic production of the outer border is repeated in much
the same way. Oneof them, slightly longer than the others, also
has its postero-external angle produced backwards as well as
outwards as a somewhat laterally compressed conical process, the
tip of which reaches a point considerably to the rear of the
proximal articular surface. In two others, probably a pair, the
production of the proximal part of the outer border is outwards
rather than backwards, so that the tip of the production does not
reach to the rear of the proximal articular surface of the bone.
In both of these latter, moreover, the outer border is emarginate
—a feature which accentuates the prominence of the production ;
whereas in the one previously mentioned the outer margin is
even. We should have been confident in attributing the first
mentioned single bone to the metatarsus and the pair to the
metacarpus but that, in a fourth specimen, the production of the
postero-external angle is of an intermediate character, being both
backwardly ard outwardly directed. The outer margin of this
is also emarginate, though to a less extent than in the supposed
pair. Thus it is quite possible that they may be all of one
denomination. Assuming, however, the correctness of our sup-
position that the first mentioned single bone is, in all proba-
bility, a metatarsal, it may be said of it that in the general
production, to a greater or less extent, of the whole outer
border it bears a close resemblance to the corresponding bone
of Diprotodon, while the special extension, backwards, of the
postero-external angle forms a feature common to this bone in
both Diprotodon, Phascolomys, and Phalangista.
There are a few other bones and fragments of bones which
belong either to the metacarpus or metatarsus, but as we are not
quite sure of their exact position we will not for the present
take them into consideration except to remark that, in their
general characters, they resemble certain of the bones of these
segments in Diprotodon rather than in the wombat.
PHALANGES.
Two consecutive phalanges—of the proximal and middle series
—which, there is reason to believe, belong either to the supposed
fifth metatarsal (though they might, also belong to one of the
bones considered as the corresponding metacarpal) show a great
diminution of size when compared to the precedent segment.
The proximal is a small compressed element with a conspicuous
production, postero-externally, of its corresponding angle and, toa
133
greater or less extent, of its outer border. The middle phalanx
is a still smaller compressed sub-quadrate bone. In the above
features and in the depression of their articular surfaces both
show a resemblance, on a small scale, to the proximal and middle
segments of the fifth digit of the pes of Diprotodon.
The ungual phalanges, of which four are represented, repeat,
on a scale of about twice the size, the features of these elements
in the wombat being considerably depressed and only slightly
curved.
ATLAS.
[One specimen in which the tranverse processes have suffered
considerable abrasion. |
Transverse width, measured anterior to, but exclusive of, the
transverse processes, 110 mm.
Wombat, similarly measured 43 mm.
In the atlas of Phascolonus the continuity of the anterior
bony arch is interrupted by a vacuity as in Diprotodon, in the
wombats and in some other marsupials, and the gap is of greater
relative width (45 mm.) than in the forms specifically mentioned.
In the atlas of a latifront wombat the interspace measures 10 mm.
and in that of a Diprotodon only 26 mm.
The neural arch is distinctly more flattened than in the
wombat and the transverse process is grooved for the vertebral
artery, but to a slight extent only. The neurapophysis is perfor-
ated, for the passage of the first cervical nerve, in much the same
way as in the wombat.
AXIS.
|A fragment comprising the body and odontoid process—the
greater part of the neural arch being absent. |
Such parts as are preserved, present, generally, the features
found in the axis of Phascolomys but the odontoid process,
which in P. latifrons is somewhat antero-posteriorly compressed,
would appear to have been more conical in form though it is
possible that the abrasion to which it has to some degree been
subjected may have modified its original shape.
Besides the bones that have been specifically mentioned above
there exists also amongst the Callabonna remains about a dozen
ribs, a few vertebral centra and two or three fragments of the
pelvis. For the present we defer consideration of these.
REMARKS.
The preceding notes, which we hope may skortly be fol-
lowed by a more complete, as well as adequately illustrated,
description, will at least indicate the more conspicuous features
of a large part of the skeleton of Phascolonus gigus. It has
134
been directly noticed, or implied, that the molar teeth and the
form of the mandible, notwithstanding certain differences, which
may even be of generic value, are essentially phascolomydian in
type, and there exist, amongst the cranial and dental character-
istics, points of resemblance to both the latifront and the
platyrrhine living species which, with a more extended descrip-
tion, might have been more numerously and saliently brought
out.
The type of the lower incisors is also essentially phascolomydian,.
though, as Owen* has pointed out, they differ in several respects
from those of the living species of wombats.
The bones of the appendicular skeleton that have been
examined are predominantly of the same type, and this is par-
ticularly so in the case of the scapula, humerus, unciform, pisi-
form and ungual phalanges; toa less, but to a considerable, extent
in the ulna and tibia. Nevertheless, some of them, notably
the femur, astragalus and fifth metatarsal (even if the last-named
should belong tothe metacarpus), present features which strik-.
ingly resemble those of the homologous bones of Diprotodon.
The remarkable adze-like upper incisors are peculiar to Phas-
colonus though, in several respects, they more nearly resemble
these teeth in Diprotodon than in Phascolomys.
In the absence of actual objective comparison we cannot lay
much stress upon the presumed nototherian feature mentioned
in connection with the humerus, though it is significant, in
this connection, that Owen has indicated a feature common to
Nototherium and Diprotodon in the disposition of the
ascending ramus.t Quite irrespective of this, however,
the more generalised characters of the skeleton of Phas-
colonus, when compared with that of the existing wombats, seem
to be abundantly expressed in many directions, and the degree
of generalisation, moreover, extends beyond the range of its
nearest phascolomydian allies. There can at least be no doubt
but that the differences which exist between this fossil and the
living species of wombats are such as to amply justify its
generic separation from Phascolomys.
It is perhaps unfortunate that priority of establishment necessi-
tates the retention of the name Phascolonus for, as a matter of
fact, its height, calculated on the basis of the length of the leg
segments in comparison with those of a latifront wombat, could
not have much exceeded two feet, thus falling far short of that
of the ass to which Owen supposed its size to approximate. By the
*Phil. Trans., vol. CLXII. (1872), p. 253. Ext. Mamm. of Aust., p..
351 (Text). é
+ Phil. Trans, vol. CLXII. (1872), p. 250. Ext. Mamm, of Australia,
p. 348.
135
criterion of size the term is, however, less inappropriate than that
of Phascolomys is to the wombats.
Having regard to its moderate size, to the massive characters
of the bones of the limbs and to the powers revealed by the
prominence of processes for muscular attachment, one might be
inclined to attribute to this animal the same fossorial habits as
the existing wombats. But, as Owen has pointed out, this in-
ference does not necessarily follow and, indeed, the few elements
of the digits that we possess do not reveal a strength co-relative
with that of the rest of the skeleton, except perhaps in so far as the
claw-bearing phalanges are concerned, and even these do not
‘exhibit so great a proportionate size as many of the other bones.
In their small size, depression, and consequent limitation of their
articular surfaces, the phalanges are more comparable to the
feebly jointed segments of the digits of both the manus and pes
of Diprotodon. So that these parts, at least, of the limbs of
Phascolonus would seem to be incompatible with the same
vigorous burrowing powers as are possessed by the living repre-
sentatives of the Phascolomyidee.
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137
DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN CURCULIONIDA,
WITH NOTES ON PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED
SPECIES.
By Artuur M. Lea.
[Read September 5, 1899.]
Part I.
The Australian CURCULIONID& are comparatively little known.
Including the ScotyTip#, BrENTHIDH, and ANTHRIBIDH,
scarcely 1,900 species have been recorded ; and I believe that
fully “4,000 species of the allied families occur in Australia and
Tasmania.* The BRENTHIDH, as might be expected, are better
known than the other families, but even now contains a number
of undescribed forms. The Scotytipm, despite their great
economic importance, are little known, scarcely one dozen species
having been described ; and the ANTHRIBID# are in an almost
similar state. Of the true CuRCULIONID™, the subfamilies
Hyperides, Magdalinides, Tychiides, Cronides, Baridiides, and
several others are almost untouched. Some of the larger sub-
families are in great confusion. No attempt has ever been made
to systematically arrange the genera; in consequence, many of
them remain in the positions to which they were originally
consigned, and which are often erroneous. It seems to me, for
instance, that to strictly attach subfamily importance to the
presence or absence of ocular lobes, and as to whether the scrobes
are directed straight towards or slightly below the eyes, are
mistakes. In this and succeeding papers, however, I do not
propose to attempt a classification of the family, but simply to
describe such new forms as I can find time to work up, and to
give new or exact localities for previously described species,
together with remarks on variation, synonymy, &c.
The present paper is confined to members of the Zrirhinides
(a subfamily, of which large numbers of genera and species have
already been described by the Rev. Thomas Blackburn, in the
Transactions of this Society for 1893 and 1894). Altogether 83
species are described, and are referred to the following genera :—
Desiantha (6), Anorthorhinus (3), Cydmea (17), Gnochroma (1),
Misophrice (9), Storeus (34), Cyttalia (8), Glaucopela (2), and
Myositta (3).
* Only 95 species have been expressly stated to occur in Tasmania.
K
138
Unless expressly stated to the contrary, specimens of all the
new species have been taken by myself, and the localities (and
food-plants where given) may be depended upon.
DESIANTHA MALEVOLENS, %, Sp.
Piceous, legs and antenne piceous- red. Upper - surface
moderately closely covered with obscure ochreous and brown
scales, the ochreous scales clothing sides of prothorax, and forming
a distinct median line; scutellum with greyish scales; elytra
with a wide dark sutural patch, the sides with paler scales,
extreme margins with greyish and sooty-brown scales; a small
distinct suboblong whitish spot on each elytron just before
summit of posterior declivity. Under-surface and legs densely
clothed with ashen scales, in which a few short stout pale sete
are mixed.
Head and rostrum densely punctate; a feeble depression
between eyes. Rostrum arcuate, stout, rather short. Club
elongate. Prothorax transverse, sides and base rounded, apex
widely emarginate, and almost the width of base. Zlytra widely
emarginate at base, apex conjointly rounded, shoulders oblique ;
punctate-striate, punctures concealed ; interstices feebly convex,
wide, and regular. Under-surface densely punctate, punctures
concealed. Prosternum feebly and widely emarginate in front.
Intermediate intercoxal process descending at an angle of about
45°. Metasternum depressed in middle, the depression continued
on to abdomen. Two basal segments of abdomen very large,
third and fourth very short (their combined length being only
about half that of the second or fifth), and arcuate at sides. Legs
rather long ; femora thick, subpedunculate; tibie falcate (the
anterior very decidedly so), with numerous small teeth beneath ;
apex thin, terminal hook unusually long and sharp ; tarsi with
fourth joint shorter than the rest combined. Length (from apex
of prothorax), 4? mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 2 mm.
Hab.—Swan River (Hon. J. G. H. Amherst).
This species, in the characters of its rostrum, abdomen, tibiz,
and tarsi, is somewhat at variance with the majority of species
in Desiantha ; and it may be eventually considered necessary to
erect a new genus to receive both it and the following species ;
but as the genera closely allied to Desiantha are already so
numerous, and some of them are founded on such trivial charac-
ters, I am strongly adverse at present to adding to their number.
The species is reported to be very destructive to the young shoots
of the vine, its work being much the same as that of D. maculata.
DESIANTHA VEGRANDIS, %”. sp.
Piceous, legs and antenne piceous-red. Upper-surface closely
covered with muddy-brown scales, prothorax with the sides and
- 189
median line obscurely marked with paler scales ; scutellum with
greyish scales ; elytra with greyish scales at sides and apex, and
a small spot on each side beyond the middle. Under-surface
more densely clothed with paler and longer scales; tibix, espe-
cially the posterior, fringed beneath with long hair.
Structure as in the preceding species, but the elytra shorter
and wider ; femora less thickened, anterior tibiew less decidedly
| faleate, and claw joint the length of the other joints of each of
the tarsi. Length, 3 mm.; rostrum, # mm.; width, 1} mm.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth.
Closely allied to the preceding species, but may be at once
distinguished by its smaller size and different clothing (especially
of the under-surface).
DESIANTHA PREMORSA, %. sp.
Piceous, legs piceous-red ; sterna, abdomen, and antenne dull-
red. Head closely covered with yellowish-brown setz, at sides
of eyes and of rostrum with whitish sete; muzzle fringed with
long hairs; prothorax and elytra densely covered with over-
lapping scales, more or less greyish in colour; prothorax with a
very distinct median line of whitish scales (tinged with green or
gold), continued on to scutellum ; elytra with palest scales about
posterior callosities, a feeble (but sufficiently distinct) oblique
‘spot on each side beyond the middle, and not quite extending to
suture. Above, in addition to the scales, with numerous seta,
darker on prothorax than on elytra, on the latter confined to the
interstices, but not in single file; below moderately densely
setose.
Head finely punctate, a feeble depression between eyes.
Rostrum stout, shorter than prothorax, wider at apex than at
base ; with three moderately distinct cost, and which are
separated by double rows of punctures; scrobe terminating
abruptly at one-third its length from eye.* Scape the length of
funicle, first joint of the latter longer than the two following
combined; club elongate-ovate, free. Prothorax transverse, very
feebly convex, sides and base rounded, sides gradually enlarging
from base to near apex, and then suddenly lessened, extreme
apex scarcely the width of base ; apex somewhat raised in middle,
and with a feeble semicircular depression immediately behind ;
densely punctate, punctures concealed. Hlytra wider than pro-
thorax, base widely emarginate, apex conjointly rounded,
shoulders rounded, sides almost parallel to near apex ; punctate-
* The rostrum, when viewed directly from above, appears as if each side
had been quadrately excised immediately in front of the eyes; when
viewed from beneath there appears to be a strong tooth-like projection on
each side. I know of nothing similar in any weevil.
140
striate, punctures almost concealed; interstices convex and
regular, except that there is a strong and almost conical pre-
apical callus on the fifth. Under-surface finely punctate:
Prosternum rather deeply emarginate in front. Intermediate
intercoxal process flat between coxee, perpendicular in front.
Abdomen with straight sutures, third and fourth segments con-
jointly longer than second or fifth. Legs rather stout ; tibiz as
wide at apex as at base, somewhat curved at apex ; claw joint as
long as the rest combined. Length, 64 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.;
width, 3 mm.
Hab.—Sydney.
A peculiar species, which might be separated from Desiantha
on account of the unique structure of the rostrum. Nine speci-
mens were obtained in company under a rotting log.
DESIANTHA IRRASA, 1. sp.
Male. Black, claws and base of scapes piceous-red. Upper-
surface moderately densely clothed with short reddish-brown
sete, denser on elytral interstices than elsewhere : below with
shorter and sparser setz than above.
Head densely punctate, a small fovea between eyes. Rostrum
the length of prothorax, dilated at apex, base slightly gibbous ;.
densely punctate ; sides feebly tricostate, costz not visible from
above. Antenne slender; two basal joints of funicle elongate ;
club ovate, free. Prothorax scarcely transverse, slightly convex,
base and sides rounded ; densely punctate, punctures more or less
confluent. Scutellum small, transverse, punctate. Hlytra some-
what flattened, subovate, wider than prothorax, widest about
middle, arcuate towards apex; base widely emarginate, each
feebly produced at apex; striate- punctate, punctures large,
oblong, comparatively shallow ; interstices wide, granulate-punc-
tate, slightly convex, suture, third, fifth, and seventh feebly
raised; without preapical callosities. Prosternwm rather deeply
emarginate. Intermediate intercoxal process narrow, slightly
raised in front. Metasternum coarsely punctate at sides, punc-
tate and transversely wrinkled across middle. Abdomen densely
and irregularly punctate, punctures smaller about middle of first
and second segments than elsewhere, suture between these
segments slightly curved ; the other sutures deep and straight,
third and fourth conjointly slightly longer than second or fifth ;.
fifth concave, except at base. Legs moderately long; femora
stout, the posterior subpedunculate; tibize somewhat curved,.
wider at apex than at base, with numerous small teeth beneath ;.
claw joint as long as the rest combined. Length, 7 mm.;.
rostrum, 2 mm.; width, 32 mm.
Female. Differs in having the elytra conjointly rounded at
apex, the abdomen with a depression on first and second
141
&
segments, the apical segment slightly convex, and the elytra
comparatively longer and thinner.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Forest Reefs.
Numerous specimens were obtained under rotting logs. The
rostrum in profile somewhat resembles that of Memestra incerta
from Western Australia. On an occasional specimen may be
seen feeble pale lines at the sides of prothorax. I know of no
closely allied species.
DESIANTHA MECASPIS, ”. Sp.
Piceous, legs and anteune piceous-red. Upper-surface (except
of head and rostrum, which are sparsely clothed) very densely
clothed with grey or muddy-grey scales, not quite uniform in
colour, and intermingled with moderately long recurved set.
- Under-surface densely clothed at sides, more sparingly along
middle. Legs with setose scales; each of the femora with a
feeble ring of whitish scales.
Head densely punctate, a feeble longitudinal impression
between eyes. Rostrum the length of prothorax, curved,
slightly dilated at apex; densely punctate, with five feeble
ost. Antenne comparatively slender; first joint of funicle
moderately long; club ovate, subadnate to funicle. Prothorax
feebly transverse, sides rounded, base feebly rounded, and but
slightly wider than apex; densely punctate, punctures concealed.
Scutellum oblong. Elytra wider than prothorax, widest across
shoulders, apex conjointly rounded ; punctate striate, punctures
-concealed ; interstices slightly convex and regular, except that
the fifth terminates in a distinct preapical callus. Under-surface
moderately densely punctate. Prosternum rather deeply emar-
ginate in front. Intermediate intercoxal process narrow through-
out. Abdomen with third and fourth segments conjointly the
length of second, and slightly longer than apical. Legs moderately
‘long ; femora stout, subpedunculate; anterior tibie bisinuate,
and feebly dentate beneath; claw joint the length of the rest
combined. Length, 5 mm.; rostrum, 1} mm.; width, 2 mm.
Hab.—Sydney.
Somewhat resembles sericea in appearance, but may be dis-
_ tinguished from that species by its narrower shape, differently
coloured antennze (in sericea the club is black), dentition of
anterior tibiz, &c.
DESIANTHA INCONTAMINATA, %%. SD.
Piceous, legs and antenne obscure piceous-red. Rather
‘sparsely clothed with obscure ochreous or brownish scales.
‘Under-surface with scales set in punctures—those on the sterna
-Searcely rising to the general level, and whitish ; those on the
142
abdomen longer, subsetose, and yellowish—coxe densely clothed ;
femora and tibie with yellowish sete.
Head densely punctate, a narrow impression between eyes.
Rostrum curved, the length of prothorax; densely punctate
except at apex, with five cost, of which the two outer on each
side become conjoined beyond antennz, and are continued (but
feebly so) almost to apex. Antenne slender; two basal joints
of funicle elongate ; club elliptic-ovate, free. Prothorax slightly
longer than wide, sides equally rounded, base feebly rounded and
slightly wider than apex; densely punctate, punctures round,.
and nowhere confluent. Zlytra wider than prothorax, widest
about shoulders, apex conjointly rounded; _ striate-punctate,
punctures oblong, narrow, deep ; interstices convex and regular,
except that the fifth terminates in a very slight preapical callus.
Under-surface densely punctate. Prosternum moderately deeply
emarginate in front. Slope of intermediate intercoxal process
rounded. Abdomen with third and fourth segments conjointly
the length of fiitth and slightly shorter than second. Legs
moderately long; femora stout, subpedunculate ; anterior tibize:
feebly bisinuate beneath, longer and thinner than the others,
none dentate beneath; claw joint of all the tarsi shorter than the:
rest of the joints combined. Length, 8 mm.; rostrum, 24 mm.;
width, 34 mm.
Hab. _N. S.W.: Burrawang (Mr. T. G. Sloane).
The claw-joint is shorter than usual, but not so short as in.
Aoplocnemis.
DESIANTHA MACULATA, BIKb.
I have this species from all the Australian Colonies. In.
Western Australia (including Rottnest Garden and Pelsart
Islands) it is exceedingly abundant and destructive to various
fruit-trees, but especially to the vine. It is variable, both as.
regards marking and size.
D. masor, Blkb. Hab. —N.S.W.: Wilcannia.
D. sericea, Blkb. Hab.—N.S.W.; W.A.
D. opscura, LIkb, Hab.—N.8.W.: Cootamundra, Queanbeyan,,
Sydney.
D. parva, Slkb, Hab.—Sydney.
D. virrata, Llkb. Hab.—N.S.W.: Forest Reefs.
D. pusitua, Bikb.. Hab.—N.S.W.: Windsor.
D. caupaTa, Pasc. Hab.—N.S.W.; V.
D. (Brextus) mMurINA, Pasc.. Hab,—Forest Reefs, Sydney.
143
ANORTHORHINUS* APICALIS, 7. sp.
Black, subopaque ; tarsi and apex of tibiz pale-red ; antennze
reddish-piceous. Sparsely clothed with sooty and grey scales,
the latter feebly transversely arranged on elytra, and forming
three feeble longitudinal lines on prothorax. Under-surface and
legs with sparse pale scales, snowy on apex of tibiz.
Head densely punctate. Rostrum with five cost, three of
which are placed on a median elevation. Antenne moderately
elongate. Prothorax longer than wide, apex the width of base,
sides gently rounded ; densely and coarsely punctate. Hlytra
twice the width of prothorax, shoulders square ; striate-punctate,
punctures quadrate and subapproximate, the third, fifth, and
seventh interstices wider than the others, and raised especially
near base; a preapical callus on each side. Under-surface densely
and strongly punctate, punctures on metasternum perfectly
circular. Prosternum feebly emarginate. Length, 4 mm. ;
rostrum, ? mm.; width, 1? mm.
Hab.—Tasmania (Mr. A. Simson, No. 2,925) N.S.W.:
Galston (Lea).
May be readily distinguished by the colour of the apex of
tibie and the coarse punctures of the under-surface.
ANORTHORHINUS ABJECTUS, 7. sp.
Black, subopaque; tibiw and tarsi of a pale-red, base of
femora dark-red, antenne piceous. Head and rostrum to eyes
with whitish setose scales, a moderately dense stripe of similar
scales on each side of prothorax; elytra with smaller scales
rather evenly distributed. Under-surface and legs with whitish
sete.
Head densely punctate. Rostrum the length of prothorax,
with five narrow coste, which terminate at antenne. Scape
comparatively slender. Prothorax as in apicalis, but less coarsely
punctate. lytra twice the width of prothorax, shoulders some-
what oblique; striate-punctate, punctures rather large and sub-
approximate ; interstices punctate, the third, fifth, and seventh
very feebly raised, each side with a preapical callus. Under-
surface rather finely punctate. Prosternum semicircularly
emarginate in front. Length, 34 mm.; rostrum, }# mm.;
width, 14 mm.
Hab.—Swan River.
Compared with the description of Phrenozemia lyproides,
Pascoe, this species differs in having the scales without a pearly
lustre, and the antenne much darker than tibie.
*I think it highly probable that this genus (possibly synonymous with
Phrenozemia) will eventually be merged in Desiantha.
144
ANORTHORHINUS BREVICORNIS, 7%. sp.
Black, subopaque; antenne and legs (middle of femora
excepted) of a rather dark-red. Clothed with blackish setose
scales ; head with a small spot of whitish scales between eyes ;
prothorax with a few whitish ones about base; scutellum with
white scales ; elytra with numerous small distinct whitish spots
—less numerous towards base than elsewhere. Under-surfaze
with whitish setose scales. Femora with a ring of white scales
at apex, the tibize with rings at base and apex.
Head and rostrum as in apicalis. Antenne, especially the
scape, short and thick. Prothorax scarcely longer than wide,
sides feebly rounded, base and apex equal; densely and coarsely
punctate. Hlytra twice the width of prothorax, sides parallel to
near apex, shoulders square; striate-punctate, punctures elongate,
approximate; interstices flat, equal; without preapical callosities.
Under-surface densely and rather coarsely punctate. Prosternum
rather deeply emarginate in front. Length, 3? mm.; rostrum,
2mm.; width, 14 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Rottnest Island.
The legs are prettily variegated, as in pictipes, but the rostrum
and elytra are very different.
A. pictipes, Blkb. Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth, Forest Reefs.
Elytra with a preapical callus on each side.
Tibiz with only the apex red ___... site ais apicalis, 1 n. sp.
Tibiz red.
Elytra with pale scales condensed at apex,
shoulders square... ... ptctipes, Blkb.
Elytra almost uniformly clothed, ‘shoulders oblique abjectus, n. sp.
Elytra without preapical callosities aghe ... Grevicornis, nN. sp.
CYDMHA RUFIPES, 7. sp.
Black ; rostrum, antenne, and legs red. Upper-surface almost
uniformly clothed with pale-ochreous or dark stramineous scales,
feebly mixed with darker scales on elytra, in some specimens
with a coppery or fiery gloss, and on the elytra occasionally
tinged with green. Undersurface with white scales, occasionally
tinged with green or having a coppery gloss.
Rostrum comparatively short ; parallel-sided ; rather strongly
punctate at base; feebly elsewhere. Antenne inserted con-
siderably nearer apex than base of rostrum; funicle the length
of scape, first joint as long as second-third combined, second con-
siderably longer than third. Prothorax feebly transverse, apex
about one-fourth less than base. lytra short, cordate; rather
strongly seriate- pungiars ; interstices flat,? wide, finely punctate.
Length 2 mm., rostrum 2 mm.; width 1 mm.
Hab,—Swan River.
145
The shape and clothing are much as in miata (Blackburn), but
the rostrum is differently. coloured, and the whole insect is
smaller. —
CyDM#A TERAMOCERA, 2, sp.
Black ; antenne, legs, and elytra dull-red. Prothorax with
brownish scales, with others of a dul pale ochreous condensed
at base and sides, elytra with reddish-brown scales becoming
ochreous towards apex, and mixed with feeble transverse patches
of whitish scales. Under-surface with white scales having a
feeble purplish-green iridescence.
Rostrum long and thin, sides feebly but noticeably incurved
between antennz and apex; punctate to apex. Antenne long
nd thin, inserted considerably nearer apex than base ; funicle as
long as scape, two basal joints together, first as long as second-
third combined. Prothorax moderately transverse, considerably
narrowed at apex. Hlytra considerably wider than prothorax,
short, cordate; striate-punctate, strie very feeble, punctures
moderately strong and distant. Length, 3} mm.; rostrum,
15 mm.; width, 14 mm.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Galston.
Considerably above the average size. The curvature of the
sides of the rostrum between antenne and apex exists perhaps
in most of the species of Cydmea, but in most it is so very
feeble as to be scarcely noticeable. .
CYDMA FILIROSTRIS, 7. sp.
Black ; antennze pale, tibie dark-red. Upper-surface clothed
with pale stramineous scales, having a greenish or coppery gloss,
and with a few brownish scales scattered about. Under-surface
with white scales, having a greenish gloss or a feeble purplish-
green iridescense. Head and base of rostrum densely squamose.
Rostrum long and very thin, sides noticeably incurved between
antenne and apex. Antenne moderately stout, inserted nearer
apex than base of rostrum, funicle longer than scape, first joint
longer than second-third combined. Prothorax moderately trans-
verse, apex not much narrower than base. Elytra oblong-cordate;
Seriate-punctate ; each interstice feebly seriate-punctate. Length,
23 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 14 mm.
Hab.—Swan River.
CYDMHA BINOTATA, 7. sp.
Black ; scape dull-reddish-brown, funicle and club piceous-
black. Above with dingy-white and blackish-brown scales
irregularly distributed on prothorax, a feeble dark longitudinal
Stripe and four dark spots across apex, and two across base, but
mone of them distinct ; each elytron with a moderately large,
146
rounded, distinct white spot (at about the apical third), sur-
rounded by blackish scales, and which are continued across.
suture. Under-surface with white scales feebly tinged with
green.
Rostrum moderately stout, slightly longer than prothorax,
very feebly decreasing from base to apex. Antenne compara-
tively stout, inserted slightly nearer apex than base of rostrum ;
funicle slightly longer than scape, first joint as long as second-
third combined. Prothorax distinctly transverse, apex feebly
but rather suddenly lessened ; ocular lobes more prominent than
usual. lytra oblong-cordate, seriate-oblong-punctate ; inter-
stices not very wide. Length, 2 mm.; rostrum, # mm.; width,
1 (vix) mm.
Hab.—Sydney.
A much smaller species than bimaculata (Pascoe), the elytral
spots white, and nearer apex than base.
CYDMHA MGEIRENS, 7. sp.
Black. Scales of upper-surface entirely black, except for a very
few whitish scales (invisible to the naked eye). Clothing of
under-surface dull-white, in an occasional specimen feebly tinged
with green, or with a faint coppery lustre; legs with whitish
scales.
Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax in female, in male as.
long; very feebly decreasing in width from base to apex.
Antenne inserted almost in exact middle of rostrum ; scape:
rather short, first joint of funicle longer than the following com-
bined. Prothorax moderately transverse, apex narrowed. Elytra
about once and one-fourth wider than prothorax; seriate-
punctate; interstices wide, flat, feebly punctate. Length,
2% mam.; rostrum, mm.; width, 1 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Swan River, Darling Ranges, Bridgetown,
Geraldton.
Of the buiid of Juctwosa and diversa, but very differently
coloured.
CyYDMMA INCONSPICUA, 7. sp.
Black. Clothed with brown and greenish-white scales, more:
rounded than is usual in the genus ; on the prothorax the brown
scales prevail on the disc, and the white scales at the sides ; on
the elytra the white scales almost run in lines from base to apex.
Under-surface with white scales.
Kostrum longer than prothorax, thin and subcylindrical. —
Antenne elongate, inserted in exact middle of rostrum; funicle:
the length of club, first joint longer than second-third combined.
Prothorax as long as wide, apex rounded and much narrower
a gw
175
sparse punctures, intermingled with minute ones; scarcely
noticeably incurved between antenne and apex. Antenne
slender; scape inserted slightly nearer apex than base, the length
of funicle and first joint of club; first joint of funicle the length
of second-fourth, seventh transverse; club ovate, moderately
elongate, shorter than’ the four preceding joints. Prothorax
moderately transverse, apex not suddenly narrowed, sides gently
rounded ; densely punctate. lytra elongate- (almost oblong-)
cordate, apex very feebly emaryinate; seriate-punctate, punctures
rather large and subquadrate, lightly striate. Prosternal channel
rather distinct, apex deeply emarginate, separation of coxe dis-
tinct. Abdomen with third and fourth segments lightly arcuate
throughout. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.
Hab.—Forest Reefs.
As the club of the antennz is black, I have not hesitated to.
describe this species, although possessing but two females.
STOREUS PAUPERCULUS, 2. sp.
Male. Elliptic-ovate. Red, metasternum scarcely darker,
club black. Head moderately clothed with whitish scales,
becoming paler and suberect between eyes and on rostrum ; on
the latter becoming sparser towards and terminating just before
antenne, a few white sete towards apex. Clothed with greyish
or pale-ochreous scales, having on the upper-surface a very feeble
spotted appearance; the elytra in addition with lines of stout
yellowish setze—not visible from the sides.
Rostrum the length of prothorax and scutellum combined,
gently curved throughout ; acutely costate at sides, median costa
not traceable; apex finely punctate. Antenne moderately
slender; scape inserted about one-fourth from apex of rostrum,
more than half passing, a little shorter than funicle and club
combined ; first joint of funicle the length of second-fourth,
second equal to third-fourth, seventh rather strongly transverse ;
club ovate, shorter than four preceding joints. Prothorax
scarcely transverse, apex not much narrower than base, ocular
lobes feeble ; densely punctate. Hiytra oblong-cordate, shoulders
feebly rounded; apex scarcely emarginate ; seriate-punctate,
punctures scarcely traceable. Prosternal channel distinct, apex
deeply emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth segments
very feebly arcuate throughout. Length, 2 (vix) mm.; rostrum,
2 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Albany.
The curvature of the third and fourth abdominal segments is
less than in any other species with which I am acquainted.
STOREUS NIGROFASCIATUS, 7. sp.
Male, Ovate. Dull-red, rostrum and metasternum somewhat
darker, prothorax brown. Head with rather dense white scales,
176
which are large, but scarcely as dense between eyes as on vertex;
rostrum rather sparsely squamose, the scales terminating before
antenne. Prothorax with pale-ochreous (almost white) scales,
forming eight (including the extreme lateral ones) feeble lines ;
elytra with slightly darker scales, not very evenly distributed,
and with a transverse, complete (except that it is not continued
to the extreme outer margins) black, somewhat irregular and
wide fascia beyond the middle. Under-surface with rather
sparse whitish scales.
Rostrum moderately curved throughout, the length of pro-
thorax and scutellum combined; with sharply raised costie, of
which those on each side of the median one are feebler than the
others, the median continued to, but very feeble towards, apex ;
apical portion, especially near antenne, coarsely punctate.
Antenne rather slender; scape inserted one-fourth from apex of
rostrum, fully half passing, the length of funicle and first joint
of club ; funicle with all the joints apparently doubled, but only
the second-fourth distinctly so, first equal to second-third, second
longer than third, seventh slightly transverse ; club ovate, rather
elongate. Prothorax tramsverse, sides rounded, apex not much
narrower than base; densely and coarsely punctate. Hlytra
suboblong-cordate, shoulders lightly rounded; apex feebly
emarginate ; seriate-punctate, punctures rather large and sub-
quadrate, lightly striate. Prosternal channel distinct, apex
deeply emarginate. Metasternum and abdomen with a feeble
depression, third and fourth segments of the latter feebly
angular at sides. Legs rather long; femora grooved; tibize feebly
bisinuate beneath ; claw joint of anterior tarsi rather strongly
exserted. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.
Hab.—Forest Reefs.
A very distinct and comparatively robust species.
STOREUS MACROSTYLUS, 7. sp.
Male. Elongate -elliptic. Dull-red, metasternum slightly
darker. Head moderately clothed with narrow scales, denser
between and erect at sides of eyes; rostrum squamose its entire
length, but the scales near apex sparser and subsetose. Upper-
surface with pale-ochreous scales arranged on the prothorax in
very feeble lines, the elytra with whitish scales forming feeble
elongated spots, and appearing to fori a very feeble fascia about
the middle, the whole having a slightly tesselated appearance.
Under-surface and legs with sparse whitish scales.
Rostrum aliwost straight, longer than prothorax and scutellum
combined; with sharply raised costie, the median one indistinct,
except near apex. Antenne moderately slender; scape inserted
two-sevenths from apex of rostrum, more than half passing, the
177
length of funicle and club combined ; funicle with first joint
slightly longer than second-third, second doubled and longer than
third, seventh not transverse; club ovate, moderately long,
shorter than four preceding joints. Prothorax transverse, apex
less produced than usual, considerably narrower (though not
suddenly lessened) than base, basal two-thirds subparallel, base
bisinuate; densely punctate. lytra_ elliptic-cordate, apex
rather distinctly emarginate; seriate - punctate, punctures
moderately large and subquadrate, lightly striate. Prosternal
channel feeble, apex feebly emarginate. Metasternum and
abdomen feebly depressed along middle, third and fourth
segments of the latter feebly angular at sides. Length, 3 mm.;
rostrum, 1{ mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Bridgetown.
STOREUS ARCUATUS, 7. sp.
Male. Elongate-ovate. Red, elytra with two piceous mark-
ings—one an almost circular blotch extending from near the
base to the middle, the other a moderately wide semicircle, com-
mencing near each side just beyond the middle. Head not very
closely covered with whitish scales, becoming subfasciculate
between eyes; rostrum with semierect seriate scales, which
terminate just before antenne. Upper-surface with pale-ochreous
or griseous scales, which form feeble lines on the prothorax,
and feeble spots on. the elytra; on the latter they distinctly
margin the dark basal blotch. Under-surface with sparse
whitish scales.
Rostrum feebly curved, distinctly longer than prothorax and
scutellum combined; with acutely raised subequal coste,
terminating either level with or just before antennx ; apical
portion coarsely punctate. Antenne slender; scape inserted two-
sevenths from apex of rostrum, more than half passing, the
length of funicle and club; first joint of funicle equal to second-
third, seventh feebly transverse ; club elliptic, the length of four
preceding joints. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides rounded,
apex very feebly produced, and not much‘ narrower than base.
Elytra scarcely emarginate at apex; striate-punctate, punctures
rather large and subquadrate; interstices convex. Prosternal
channel scarcely defined, apex widely and very feebly emarginate.
Abdomen with third and fourth segments feebly angular at
sides. Legs moderately long; anterior tibiw moderately curved
throughout. Length, 34 mm.; rostrum, 1} mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Swan River, Beverley.
The prosternal channel is scarcely as well defined as it is in
S. variegatus.
178
STOREUS ELLIPTICUS, 7%. sp.
Male. Elliptic. Dull-red. Head moderately densely (denser
between eyes than elsewhere) clothed with whitish scales ;
rostrum moderately densely and almost equally clothed from
near base almost to antenne. Upper-surface rather densely
clothed with muddy brown and ochreous-grey scales, giving the
elytra a feebly tesselated appearance. Under-surface with
sparse dingy-whitish scales.
Rostrum almost straight, slightly longer than prothorax;
acutely costate, costz almost concealed ; apical portion rather
coarsely punctate, interspaces densely and finely punctate.
Antenne rather slender ; scape inserted one-fourth from apex of
rostrum, two-thirds passing, slightly shorter than funicle and
club combined ; funicle with second-seventh joints apparently
doubled, first longer than second-third, second almost twice the
length of third, seventh feebly transverse ; club elongate-ovate,
equal to four preceding joints. Prethoraa transverse, apex
rather suddenly narrowed ; densely punctate. Elytra elongate-
cordate, apex scarcely emarginate ; punctures rather feeble and
elongate, scarcely traceable unless scales are removed. Prosternal
channe/ feeble. Abdomen with third and fourth segments feebly
angular at sides. Anterior ¢ibue very feebly bisinuate beneath.
Length, 2} mm.; rostrum, ? mm.
Hab.—Swan River.
STOREUS DISPAR, #2. sp.
Male. Elongate-elliptic. Red, metasternnm darker, elytral
suture narrowly tinged with piceous. Head and base of rostrum
densely clothed with ochreous-white scales; rostrum from near
base to middle with the scales arranged in lines, elsewhere non-
squamose. Upper-surface clothed with pale-ochreous and whitish
scales, giving it a distinctly tesselated appearance ; the elytra
with a transverse brown patch about summit of posterior
declivity. Under-surface with whitish scales.
Rostrum thin, almost straight, longer than prothorax and
scutellum combined; with seven acutely raised coste, which,
except the extreme lateral ones, terminate just before antenne ;
apical portion (especially between antenne) rather coarsely
punctate. Antennz slender; scape inserted one-third from apex
of rostrum, rather more than half passing, slightly longer than
funicle and club combined; funicle with all the joints apparently
feebly doubled, first almost the length of second-fourth, second
almost the length of third-fourth, seventh transversely triangular ;
club ovate. Prothoraw slightly longer than wide, apex rather
suddenly narrowed, ocular lobes acute. Hlytra elongate- or
oblong-cordate, apex rather strongly (for the genus) emarginate;
~ ea ~~ — ———
I as
seriate-punctate, towards the apex lightly striate. Prosternal
channel distinct, apex deeply emarginate, cox feebly separated.
Abdomen with third and fourth segments feebly arcuate at
sides. Legs long; tibie almost straight. Length, 34 mm.;
rostrum, 1} mm, (female, 2 mm.).
Female. Differs in having the rostrum thinner, fully twice
the length of prothorax, almost perfectly cylindrical, squamose
at base only, only the lateral cost traceable, and even straighter
than in the male; the scape is inserted distinctly nearer base
than apex of rostrum, scarcely extends to eye, and terminates
considerably before apex of rostrum; the club is scarcely longer
than in the male.
Hab.—Swan River.
The insertion of the scape in the female is much as in flirostris
and a few others, but rather nearer the base. In most of the
specimens under examination the outer ring of facets of the eyes
are distinctly ochreous ; this appearance is doubtless accidental,
as in specimens of several other species a similar appearance is
seen.
STOREUS TESSELLATUS, 1. sp.
Male. Elongate-e!liptic. Dull-red. Head densely clothed
with whitish scales, not much denser between eyes than else-
_ where ; rostrum less densely clothed to antennz, in front with
sparse whitish sete. Upper-surface with pale-ochreous and
whitish scales, the elytra with a number of dark subquadrate
spots (four on the third interstice), the whole having a very dis-
tinctly tesselated appearance. Under-surface with ochreous-
white scales.
Rostrum moderately stout, lightly curved, scarcely longer than
prothorax ; with sharply raised costa, of which the median one is
almost as strong as the others, but all more or less concealed by
clothing ; apical portion densely and irregularly punctate.
Antenne moderate; scape inserted one-third from apex of
rostrum, about half passing, shorter than funicle and club com-
bined ; first joint of funicle equal to second-fourth, second
slightly longer than third, seventh not transverse; club briefly
ovate, no longer than three preceding joints combined. Prothorax
transverse, apex feebly but rather suddenly narrowed. Elytra
elongate-cordate, shoulders rather strongly rounded; seriate-
punctate, lightly striate throughout. Prosternal channel distinct,
apex deeply emarginate. Abdomen with third and fourth
segments somewhat angular at sides. Length, 2} mm.; rostrum,
= mam. (female, 1 mm.).
Female. Differs in having a longer and more noticeably
curved rostrum, squamose only at base, the costz irregular and
but feebly traceable, antennze thinner, scape inserted three-
180
sevenths from apex of rostrum, and just passing, and the club
elongate-ovate.
Hab.-—Forest Reefs.
STOREUS EPPHIPIGER, i. Sp.
Male. Briefly ovate. Dark-red, rostrum and antenne paler;
elytra stained with piceous, except near base; metasternum
piceous. Head moderately clothed with yellowish adpressed
scales, denser between eyes than elsewhere, and feebly continued
along sides of rostrum. Upper-surface with dingy-greyish or
ochreous scales, sparsely and rather evenly distributed ; elytra
with a very distinct subquadrate patch of white scales, which
commences about the middle, and is continued below summit of
posterior declivity. Under-surface with sparse whitish scales,
legs rather more densely clothed.
Rostrwm moderately strongly curved throughout, slightly
longer than prothorax, very feebly incurved to middle; with
traces of feeble coste, which are marked by five. elongate punc-
tures, and sepArated by rows of moderately strong ones; apical
portion rather strongly punctate. Antenne rather stout ; scape
inserted two-fifths from apex cf rostrum, not one-third passing,
the length of funicle; first joint of the latter the length of
second-fourth, second almost as long as _ third-fourth, sixth-
seventh transverse ; club ovate, almost the length of four pre-
ceding joints. Prothorax feebly transverse, sides almost equally
rounded, apex not much narrower than base, base almost
straight. Hlytra cordate, apex scarcely emarginate; seriate-
punctate, punctures moderately large and subquadrate. Pro-
sternal channel distinct, apex moderately emarginate. Abdomen
with third and fourth segments feebly arcuate throughout.
Legs woderately long; tibiz feebly bisinuate beneath. Length,
2 mm.; rostrum, + mm.
Hab.--W.A.: Geraldton.
The first and second joints of the funicle are distinctly
doubled, and there is a faint trace of doubling in the third-
fourth ; the rostral cost are little more than feeble ridges, and
had my specimens (four) been judged by this character they
would probably have been considered as females.
STOREUS MULTIARTICULATUS, 7. Sp.
Male. Shape, colour, and size much as in preceding. Scales
much as in preceding, except that they are rather less evenly
distributed, and that the elytra are without a distinct patch.
Rostrum comparatively stout ; with seven rather feeble costzx,
of which the median one is scareely traceable, very feebly
diminishing in width from base to apex ; apical half moderately
tee ——
ee
3h ee Oa eee ee ee Sr he OVE eS ee er
181
strongly punctate. Antenne moderately stout; scape inserted
two-fifths from apex of rostrum, little more than clubbed portion
passing apex, shorter than funicle; funicle with all the joints,
except the first and seventh, apparently doubled. All else,
except that the third and fourth abdominal segments are more
angular at the sides, as in the preceding. Length, 21 mm.;
rostrum, = mm.
Female. Differs in having the head and rostrum less squamose,
the latter with much feebler cost ; antennz thinner, inserted a
little further (though not much) from the apex ; funicle simple,
and the club more elongate and almost elliptic.
Hab.—Geraldton.
Numerous specimens obtained under bark of Melaleuca, sp.
STOREUS NIVEICEPS, 7. sp.
Male. Elongate-ovate. Dark-red, rostrum and antenne paler.
Head (more densely between eyes than elsewhere) and basal half
of rostrum with moderately dense snowy-white scales, rest of
rostrum with sparse white sete. Scales of upper surface
(beneath they are purer) of an almost uniform dirty-white.
Rostrum lightly curved, the length of prothorax and scutellum
combined; costz distinct at sides, feeble in middle, median costa
feebly longitudinally divided; apical portion moderately strongly
punctate. Antenne moderately slender; scape inserted two-
fifths from apex of rostrum, not half passing, the length of
funicle and first joint of club; first joint of funicle equal to
second-fourth, second equal to third-fourth, seventh scarcely
transverse ; club ovate, equal to four preceding joints, consider-
ably wider than funicle. Prothorax almost quadrate, the sides
being very lightly rounded, and the apex almost the exact width
of base. Elytra elongate-cordate, apex conjointly rounded 3.
striate-punctate, strize very feeble, punctures almost concealed
by clothing. Prosternal channel distinct, apex more deeply
emarginate than usual, anterior coxz rather widely separated.
Abdomen with third and fourth segments comparatively strongly
arcuate throughout. Length, 1? mm.; rostrum, + mm. (female,
2 mm.).
Female. Differs in having the rostrum longer, more noticeably
curved, thinner, costs feebler at sides and absent in middle,
feebly squamose ‘at sides, and apical portion rather sparsely
punctate ; the scape is inserted slightly in advance of the middle
of rostrum, and not one-fourth passes apex, and the club is
slightly longer.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Gosford, Loftus, Galston, Sydney.
A small soberly-coloured species, on first sight appearing to
belong to the Cryptorhynchides. At Gosford numerous speci-
mens were beaten from a species of Melaleuca.
182
STOREUS DORSALIS, 7. sp.
Male. Elliptic-ovate. Piceous-black, apex of prothorax, sides
of elytra, apex of abdomen, legs, rostrum, and antenne reddish.
Head moderately clothed with dingy-whitish scales, dense between
eyes; rostrum rather sparsely squamose at extreme base, and
with fine white sete from near base to antenne. Prothorax
with a large dorsal patch of blackish scales, the margins with
two feeble stripes of ochreous; elytra also with a large dorsal
dark patch which commmences at the base and is continued to
beyond the middle, a few whitish scales—scarcely, however,
affecting its appearance—scattered about; its sides are rather
uneven, and are bounded by rather pale-ochreous scales ; beyond
the patch and extending to the apex is a small patch of brownish
scales. Under-surface with white, the legs with pale-ochreous
scales.
Rostrum feebly curved, scarcely longer than prothorax ; with
sharply-raised costze (of which, however, the median one is feeble
and somewhat irregular), terminating either level with or just in
front of antennz; apical portion sparsely but moderately strongly
punctate. Antenne rather stout; scape inserted three-sevenths
from apex of rostrum, just passing apex, shorter than funicle ;
first joint of funicle slightly longer than second-third, seventh
transverse ; club ovate, almost the length of four preceding
joints. Prothorax rather strongly transverse, apex not much
narrower than base, but rather suddenly lessened, ocular lobes
feeble; densely punctate. Hlytra oblong-cordate, apex con-
jointly rounded ; striate-punctate, strie very feeble. Prosternal
channel distinct, apex moderately emarginate. Abdomen with
third and fourth segments strongly drawn backwards at sides.
Claw joint of anterior éarsz rather strongly exserted. Length,
27 mm.; rostrum, 7 mm.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth.
Possibly close to #. uwmbrosa (Blkb.), but without “an un-
usually short robust antennal club;” appears to be close to
ocellata (Blkb.), but the dark elytral patch is continued to beyond
the middle, and the prothorax is without inequalities. I have
two specimens, and both are males.
STOREUS INDISTINCTUS, 7. SDe
Male. Elliptic-ovate. Dark-red, elytra stained with piceous
about the middle. Clothing somewhat resembling the preceding,
but the dark patches on both prothorax and elytra are rather
feebly defined, and are bounded by dingy ochreous scales.
Rostrum with much feebler coste than in the preceding ;
prosternal channel not so distinct, apex less deeply emarginate;
abdomen with third and fourth segments less angular at sides,
183
and the anterior claw joint less strongly exserted. All else as in
preceding.
- Hab.—N.S.W.: Gaison:
Very close to the preceding species, but I believe it to be
distinct.
STOREUS CONSUETUS, ”. sp.
Male. Elliptic, moderately robust. Dull-red, metasternum
somewhat darker. Head and basal portion cf rostrum with
ochreous-white and moderately dense scales, denser between eyes
than elsewhere. Upper-surface with ochreous and pale-ochreous
scales, the elytra with a number of slightly darker subquadrate
spots, the whole having a distinctly tesselated appearauce.
Rostrum longer than prothorax and scutellum combined,
straight to antenne, and then rather strongly bent downwards ;
with sharply-raised costz (more or less concealed by clothing)
continued, but feeble and irregular, beyond antenne. Antenne
moderate ; scape inserted one fourth from apex of rostrum, about
half passing, the length of funicle and two basal joints of club ;
first joint of funicle almost the length of second-fourth, second
distinctly longer than third, fourth transversely triangular, fifth-
seventh strongly transverse; club ovate, longer than three pre-
ceding joints. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides rounded,
apex rather suddenly narrowed ; densely punctate. Hlytra sub-
oblong-cordate, apex scarcely emarginate ; striate-punctate, strize
very feeble. Prosternal channel distinct, apex deeply emarginate.
Abdomen with fied, and fourth segments gently arcuate
throughout. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, * mm. (female, 1 mm.).
Female. Differs in having the rostrum longer and more
strongly curved, less densely squamose, and the coste much
feebler ; the antennz inserted almost in middle of rostrum, scape
not passing apex, and almost the length of funicle and club com-
kined ; club elliptic-ovate.
Hab.—N.8.W.: Forest Reefs, Tamworth, Galston.
It is possible that this species is Mr. Pascoe’s #. loneigera, but
if so the words “‘ capite inter oculos abrupte calloso” are certainly
misleading. The tesselation of the elytra is much as in ¢essellatus,
but is rather less pronounced.
STOREUS INVIDIOSUS, 7. sp.
Male. Elliptic-ovate. Dull-red, elytra stained with piceous
along suture; prothorax and metasternum brownish. Head
closely covered with ochreous-white scales, slightly denser and
narrower, and feebly raised between eyes; rostrum rather
sparsely squamose to antennz, from thence to apex the sides
very feebly setose. Prothorax with ochreous scales rather
sparsely distributed, each side of base with a short stripe of
184
white scales; elytra with a feeble tesselated appearance, and with
whitish scales forming a feeble semicircle about scutellum, a
very feeble short fascia across suture at summit of posterior
declivity, and a more distinct one across middle. Under-surface
and legs with somewhat ochreous scales.
Rostrum rather robust, moderately curved, scarcely longer
than prothorax ; costee irregular and not acute, the median one
divided from base to antennee. Antennze comparatively stout ;
scape inserted two-fifths from apex, about one-fourth passing,
shorter than funicle; funicle with second-fourth joints feebly
doubled, first shorter than second-fourth, sixth-seventh trans-
verse; club ovate. Prothorax transverse, apex considerably less
than base, but not suddenly narrowed; cvarsely punctate.
Elytra elongate-cordate, apex lightly emarginate ; seriate-punc-
tate, punctures rather coarse. Prosternal channel distinct and
rather deep, apex deeply emarginate, separation of anterior cox
very distinct. Abdomen with third and fourth segments straight,
except at sides. Length, 24 mm.; rostrum, $ mm.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Galston, Sydney, Queanbeyan.
Appears to be close to LE. ocellata (Blackburn), but the descrip-
tion of the clothing, prothoracic tuberosities, and rostrum of that
species will not fit any of my (seven) specimens.
STOREUS JUVENCUS, 7. sp.
Male. Hlongate-ovate. Red, metasternum somewhat darker.
Head not very closely covered with pale ochreous-white scales,
between the eyes rounder and paler than on vertex ; rostrum
(except at extreme base) rather sparsely squamose, a few scales
beyond antenn. Upper-surface with ochreous and pale-ochreous
scales, giving it a rather distinctly tesselated appearance.
Under-surface and legs with pale-ochreous scales.
Rostrum moderately curved, the length of prothorax and
scutellum combined, feebly diminishing from base to antenne ;
acutely costate, the median costa narrower than the others; apical
portion rather finely punctate. Scape inserted two-sevenths
from apex of rostrum, more than half passing, shorter than
funicle and club; first joint of funicle shorter than second-
fourth, seventh transverse ; club ovate. Prothorax transverse,
apex not much narrower than base. Hlytra elongate-cordate,
apex emarginate ; striate-punctate, strive feeble, punctures rather
large and subquadrate. Prosternal channel distinct and rather
wide, apex not deeply emarginate. apes i with third and
fourth segments feebly curved. Length, 21 mm.; rostrum, 2 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Bunbury.
The scales between the eyes are very peculiar compared with
those of all the other species known to me,
;
etal
1S agg eel
=
——
=
PAM 2 Ee PRR ped) TOO EETY GRRE Oar ek pe. G+ Death ah Sc rage SE
as,’ ts
vist: &
ee te
185
STOREUS MEDIOCRIS, 7. sp.
Male. Elongate-elliptic. Dark-red. Head and rostrum to
antennz moderately densely clothed with dingy-white scales,
denser between eyes than elsewhere. Upper-surface clothed with
dingy-ochreous or griseous scales, having a feeble tesselated
appearance.
Rostrum feebly curved, the length of prothorax and scutellum
combined, parallel (except for a very slight increase between
base and antennz) ; with sharp, somewhat irregular cost«, which
are more or less concealed by clothing ; the median costa con-
tinued to apex, the others continued but feeble beyond antenne ;
apex strongly punctate, the interspaces densely and finely punc-
tate. Antenne comparatively stout ; Scape inserted one third
from apex of rostrum, half passing, the length of funicle and
first joint of club; first joint of funicle slightly longer than
second-third, second distinctly longer than third, fourth-seventh
transversely subtriangular; club ovate, slightly longer than
usual in the sex, equal to four preceding joints. Prothorax
widely transverse, sides strongly rounded, apex slightly narrower
than base. Hlytra elongate-cordate, apex conjointly rounded ;
seriate-punctate, punctures rather small, sides striate. Prosternal
channel distinct, apex moderately deeply emarginate. Abdomen
with third and fourth segments strongly arcuate throughout,
apical segment longer than usual. Anterior ftibie rather dis-
tinctly bisinuate beneath; claw joint rather strongly exserted.
Length, 23 mm.; rostrum, 3 mm. (female, mm.).
Female. Differs in having the rostrum thinner (but not mueh
longer), a little more noticeably curved, and without scales or
cost ; the position of the median costa is entirely unmarked,
and the Jateral ones are represented by rows of punctures; the
antenne are slightly thinner, inserted in middle of rostrum,
scape not extending to apex, and shorter than funicle, and the
club is elongate-ovate.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Hillgrove (Dr. ©. Hardcastle), Armidale
(McDonald and Lea).
The second-fourth joints of the funicle in the male are
apparently feebly doubled.
STOREUS OCCIDENTALIS, 1. sp. or var.
Male. Close to the preceding, but differs in having the rostrum
perfectly parallel between base and antenne, and very feebly
incurved between antenne and apex, and slightly longer ; elytra
more coarsely punctate, prosternal channel wider; third and
fourth abdominal segments less arcuate, and the apical segment
of normal size. Length, 22 mm.; rostrum, 7 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Geraldton.
N
186
Remarkably close to the preceding, but (leaving out of con-
sideration the great distance apart at which they were obtained)
the differences as noted above would appear to denote specific, or
at least varietal rank.
STOREUS VARIEGATUS, Bohem.
In the male of this species the rostrum is supplied with seven
cost, of which, however, the three median are not sharply
defined, though sufficiently distinct ; the scape is slightly longer
than the funicle and club combined, and the club is ovate. The
female differs in having a much longer rostrum, carinate at sides
only, feebly squamose at sides of base, and the apex sparsely
punctate; the antenne are thinner, the scape just passes the
apex of rostrum, and the club is elongate-ovate.
The size is variable, and the males are usually, but not always,
smaller than the females. There is usually to be seen a more or
less V-shaped mark beyond the middle of the elytra, but in one
specimen under examination the whole upper-surface is uniformly
clothed with greyish scales.
STOREUS (EMPLEsIS) MAJUSCULUS, BIKD.
I have three specimens of this species. One of them, a male,
has already been commented upon by Mr. Blackburn. It has
the rostrum with six acute coste and a seventh (median) scarcely
defined towards base, but moderately distinct towards apex. The
female differs in having the costz defined only at the sides, the
apex of rostrum with sparse elongate punctures and the club
reddish (in the male it is blackish). The clothing is slightly
variable. The antenne of both sexes are much as in S&S.
variegatus.
STOREUS (EMPLESIS) FILIROSTRIS, Pasc.
-In the male of this species all the joints of the funicle are.
apparently doubled (the seventh to a less noticeable extent.) This
doubling is caused by an apparent short supplementary joint near _
the apex of each, except in the third, where it is basal. The
rostrum has seven acute cost, but they are somewhat obscured
by scales ; the median one terminates before the antenne, and
the extreme lateral ones are continued beyond them. The
female differs in having a longer and thinner rostrum, not
sqamose except at extreme base ; carinz feeble, the three median
obsolete, and with scattered small punctures; the antenne are
longer and thinner, the scape terminates before apex of rostrum,
and the club is elongate-ovate.
————————— a
paris a eT
187
Femora dentate.
Prosternum scarcely canaliculate
Prosternum distinctly canaliculate.
Rostrum black ... < FE
Rostrum more or less red.
Upper-surface entirely red }
Upper-surface black, more or less variegated
with red.
Sutures of third and fourth abdominal]
segments feebly arcuate throughout.
Sutures straight, except at the sides
Femora edentate.
Intercoxal process of mesosternum level,
almost level, with coxe.
Rostrum piceous-black
Rostrum red.:
Funicle with first joint as long as the three
following combined...
Funicle with first joint ‘shorter than the
three following combined.
Club the length of three preceding joints
Club the length of four preceding joints.
Rostrum of male but little longer than
prothorax
Rostrum of male considerably longer
than prothorax.
Scape of male extending to apex of
rostrum
Scape of male considerably passing
apex of rostrum.
Funicle with seventh joint transverse
Funicle with seventh joint as long
as wide
Intercoxal process depressed.
Head tuberculate between eyes ‘
Head sometimes fasciculate, but never tuber-
culate, between eyes.
Upper-surface with more or less erect sete,
in addition to the scales.
Club red.
Size very small
Size very much larger
Club black, or piceous-black.
Prothorax suddenly lessened in front,
size large.
Scales on prothorax much paler at
sides than on disc a
Scales on prothorax almost uniformly
blackish-brown J:
Prothorax not suddenly lessened in
front, size small.
Scales pale.
Body briefly ovate
Body elongate-elliptic
Scales dark.
The white setz at sides very thin,
size very small aF
The white setz moderatel7
size larger .. —
!
or
out,
variegatus, Boh.
amenus, 0D. sp.
variabilis,"n. sp.
contortus, nN. sp.
captiosus, n. sp.
monticola, Blkb.
lithostrotus, n. sp.
femoralis, n. sp.
ignobilis, n. sp.
mundus, Blkb.
gravis, Blkb.
jfilirostris, Pasce.
tuberculifrons n. sp.
parvulus, n. sp.
majusculus, Blkb.,
female.
majusculus, Blkb.,
male.
falsus, n. sp.
canaliculatus, n. sp.
setosus, N. sp.
cryptorhynchus, n. sp
inaMenuUs, 1. Sp
188
Upper-surface without erect setz.
Club black or piceous-black.
Elytra variegated with black and white
scales along the suture...
Elytral suture not specially variegated.
Club the length of four preceding
joints combined.
Scape the sey er of funicle and club
combined . ;
Scape shorter ...
Club shorter than four preceding
joints combined.
Metasternum and abdomen black
Metasternum and abdomen red ...
Club concolorous with or slightly paler
than funicle.
Elytra with scales forming an almost
complete transverse black fascia
behind the middle af
Elytra withouta transverse black fascia.
Prosternum very feebly canaliculate.
Club shorter than four preceding
joints ‘
Club the length ‘of four "preceding
joints.
Anterior tibiacurved throughout,
rostrum of male considerably
longer than prothorax
Anterior tibia straight on its
outer edge, rostrum of male
very little longer than pro-
thorax
Prosternum, at least in front of the
anterior coxe, distinctly canali-
culate. *
Scape slightly longer than funicle
and club combined .
Scape shorter than funicle and club
combined.
Funicle with first joint as long
as three following combined.
Scales of elytra forming a tesse-
lated pattern.
Funicle with seventh joint
transverse
Funicle with seventh joint not
transverse
Scales of elytra condensed to form
a large whitish patch just
beyond the middle
Scales of elytra almost uniform in
colour.
Body ovate oe
Body elongate-ovate
Funicle with first joint shorter
than three following com-
bined. —
bellusus, n. sp:
umpotens, N. sp.
brachyderes, n. spe.
cyphirhinus, a. sp.
pauperculus, n. sp.
migrofasciatus, D. Sp.
macrostylus, D. sp.
arcuatus, n. sp.
ellipticus, n. sp.
dispar, n. sp.
assimilis, Blkb.
tessellatus, n. sp.
epphipiger, n. sp.
multiarticulatus, N. Sp.
niveiceps, n. Sp.
* The characters hereafter given refer only to the males.
189
Scales of elytra condensed to
form a large black dorsal
patch, commencing at the
base.
Abdomen, exeept extreme apex,
black .. ? T.8.S., S.A., 1894.
+It seems scarcely probable that Mr. Pascoe would designate a new
genus, without at least referring to the species referable to it, and pre-
viously described by him.
use, p. 147.
190
think that a new genus is required to receive the four species.
mentioned, together with a number described below, and some
others with which I am acquainted, but do not describe through
paucity of material; but until C. griseipila becomes better
known, it seems advisable to refer them to Cyttalia.
In these species I do not think that the scape can be said to
pass the eye; it terminates below the eye, and either level with
or just beyond a line drawn parallel with the prothorax from the
extreme base of the eye, but if it were placed on the eye itself
the termination of the scape would be at or just beyond its
middle.
The species here described have the following specific details
in common:—Head densely punctate; between the eyes in
female as wide as rostrum, in male (owing to the enlargement of
the eyes) a little narrower. Rostrum stout, densely punctate.
Prothorax distinctly transverse, densely punctate, its sete trans-
versely decumbent, sides increasing in width to near base.
Elytra wider than prothorax, parallel-sided, shuulders feebly
rounded, striate-punctate. Femora thickened.
The principal differences lie in the colour, length of rostrum,
comparative length of the scape, and the elytral clothing and
punctures.
CYTTALIA IMPURA, 1”. sp.
Reddish- or testaceous- brown ; legs reddish, the femora tinged
with piceous in male; scape red, funicle (basal joint excepted)
and club infuscate. Moderately densely and almost uniformly
clothed with whitish sete.*
Rostrum distinctly longer than prothorax. Scape the length
of funicle and club vombined. Punctures in elytral striez
moderately large and subquadrate ; interstices feebly convex and
rather feebly punctate. Anterior femora as thick as posterior,
edentate. Length (including rostrum), 24—23 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Mount Barker, Albany.
A. soberly coloured species.
CYTTALIA PARVA, 7. sp.
Testaceous-brown, elytra but little paler ; sterna and abdomen
(the apical segments reddish) black, legs and antenne testaceous,
club (basal joint excepted) blackish. Elytra moderately clothed
with whitish sete, each of the interstices with a line of set.
Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape slightly longer than
funicle. Punctures in elytral strive moderately large, distinct
* The clothing of the prothorax (except to a slight extent in its density)
is uniform in all the species tabulated by me. On the under-surface it is:
always white and denser and finer than on the elytra.
191
only towards base ; interstices slightly convex, very feebly punc-
tate. Anterior femora edentate. Length, 17 mm.
Hob.—W.A.: Mullewa.
A dingy species, and the smallest one I am acquainted with in
the genus.
CYTTALIA NIGRICLAVA, 7. sp.
Pale-testaceous ; under-surface (except apical segments of
abdomen) tinged with piceous; club black. Elytra rather more
densely setose than is usual.
Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape almost the length of
funicle and club combined. Punctures in elytral striz feeble ;
interstices rather wide, almost flat, Leet) punctate. Anterior
femora distinctly dentate. Length, 2 24 mm.
Hab.—Swan River.
A pale, moderately distinct species.
CYTTALIA INORNATA, 7. sp.
Testaceous, occasionally reddish-testaceous ; apical half of club
infuseate. Clothing (except that on the upper-surface it is
yellower) as in parva.
Rostrum about two-thirds the length of prothorax, grooved in
middle towards apex, and less noticeably so between middle and
scrobes. Scape the length of funicle and club combined. Punc-
tures in elytral striz distinct towards base, becoming feebler
towards apex; interstices convex, moderately ge finely punc-
tate. Anterior femora feebly dentate. Length, 23—3 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Albany, Mount Barker, Swan River, Geraldton.
Somewhat variable in size, and slightly variable in the depth ©
of colour.
CyTTALIA MACULATA, 1%. sp.
Head and basal two-thirds of rostrum black, prothorax dark-
red, its apex darker; elytra reddish-testaceous or reddish-
piceous, each with a fairly distinct piceous spot about the middle ;
under-surface (apical segments of abdomen excepted) piceous,
legs testaceous ; antenne reddish, club and part of funicle in-
fuscate. Each of the elytral interstices with a distinct line of
rather stout whitish sete, elsewhere feebly setose.
Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax, feebly but noticeably
curved. Eyes almost circular. Scape thin, the length of funicle
and club combined. Punctures in elytral striz very distinct and
subqnadrate, strie deeper towards sides than in middle. Anterior
femora very feebly dentate. Length, 24 mm.
Hab.—Geraldton, Swan Jtiver.
Very distinct (as are also the three following species) on
account of its colour.
192
CYTTALIA ACACIE, 1. sp.
Head, rostrum (except apex), prothorax, and _ scutellum
piceous ; elytra testaceous, tinged with piceous about scutellum
and the sides, and very feebly along the suture; under-surface
black in male, the abdomen excepted in female; legs and antenne
testaceous, club black. LElytra with moderately dense, short
setze or pubescence, interstices each with a line of comparatively
short sete.
Rostrum subequal in length with prothorax, feebly curved.
Scape the length of funicle only. Punctures in elytral strie very
distinct towards base and sides; striz deeper at sides than in
middle ; interstices convex, scarcely visibly punctate. Anterior
femora edentate. Length, 24 mm.
Hab.—Geraldton.
Specimens were beaten in abundance from Acacia blossoms,
and were usually densely covered with pollen.
CYTTALIA NIGRA, 7”. sp.
Entirely black. Elytra with fine white pubescence, each of
the elytral interstices with a line of short sete, not (as in all the
other species here described, except zmpura) placed in single file.
Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape slightly shorter than
funicle. Elytra strongly striate-punctate, punctures everywhere
distinct, striz (especially towards sides and suture) rather deep,
interstices convex and Renney punctate towards base. Anterior
femora edentate. Length, 2$—-3 mm.
Hab.—Swan River.
Numerous specimens were obtained by means of the sweep
net.
CYTTALIA RUFIPES, 1. sp.
Black, legs and antennz (club black) pale reddish-testaceous.
Elytra with short yellowish pubescence, and with fine lines of
yellowish sete.
Rostrum shorter than prothorax. Scape slightly shorter than
funicle. Punctures in elytral striz feeble except towards base
and sides ; interstices feebly convex, and rather densely punctate.
Four anterior femora edentate, teeth of posterior large, but
smaller than usual. Length, 21-93 mm.
Hab.—Swan River.
CyrraLiA SYDNEYENSIS, Blackb.
Mr. Blackburn, at the foot of his description of this species,
remarks having seen examples with a blackish metasternum, &c.,
and of which he says, ‘I cannot satisfy myself represent a dis-
tinct species.” I have a pair taken in cop, in which the meta-
sternum and scutellum are black in tne male, and scarcely
193
e.g., ventralis and acacie.
C. TARSALIS, Blackb.
C. Ericusoni, Pasc.
C. VENTRALIS, Pasc.
Derm reddish or testaceous, elytra almost or quite
concolorous with prothorax.
Rostrum slightly longer than prothorax.
Club and almost the entire funicle infuscate
Club infuscate, funicle not
Rostrum the length of or slightly shorter than
prothorax.
Tarsi infuscate
Tarsi concolorous with tibiz.
: Length (including rostrum) less than 2 mm. ...
Length at least 25 mm.
Club entirely black ...
Apex only of club black (or piceous).
Metasternum black; abdomen red in
female, black in male Ms
Metasternum and abdomen reddish, not
sexually variable.
Rostrum feebly or moderately grooved
in middle near apex ...
Rostrum not grooved ~
Elytra with two piceous spots...
Prothorax piceous ; elytra pallid tinged with piceous
about scutellum and along suture
Black.
Legs black
Legs pallid
GLAUCOPELA RUFA, 7. sp.
Dark-red, sterna sometimes piceous.
darker than the general colour in the female.
variation of the under-surface appears in several other species,
This sexual
Hab.—N.S.W.: Queanbeyan.
Hab.—N.S.W.: Tamworth.
Hab.—W.A.: Geraldton, Swan River.
impura, N. sp.
Sydneyensis, Blkb.
tarsalis, Blkb.
parva, n. sp.
negriclava,
n. sp.
ventralis, Pasc.
inornata, N. sp.
Erichsont, Pasce.
maculata, n. sp.
acacie, n. sp.
nigra, Nn. sp.
rufipes, n. Sp.
Clothed with yellowish
setose pubescence, on the prothorax leaving six nude spaces—
one on each side, two at base, and two at apex; elytra with
pubescence more or less linear in arrangement and frequently
interrupted, and leaving three more or less distinct semi-nude
‘spaces—one near base, one near apex, and one behind middle.
Under-surface with greyish-yellow pubescence.
Eyes large, round, depressed. Rostrum distinctly longer than
prothorax, sexually variable in length ; finely punctate; shining.
Prothorax transverse, sides rounded, base about twice the width
of apex ; densely and strongly punctate. Hlytra wide, short,
much wider than prothorax ; punctate-striate, interstices wider
than strie, and seriate-punctate. Length, 2 mm.; rostrum,
3—% mm.; width, 1} mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Swan River; N.S.W.: Whitton.
In colour this species is different to all its described congeners,
being of an uniform dark- or brownish-red. The rostrum is
194
decidedly longer than usual, but the insertion of the scape is as:
in all the other species.
GLAUCOPELA INSTABILIS, 7. sp.
Black; rostrum (except base), anteane, tibiz, and tarsi red.
Upper-surface with white or whitish scales, mixed with black or
other scales ; under-surface and femora with white scales, tinged
with blue or green. .
Rostrum rather wide, shorter than prothorax ; strongly punc-
tate, more densely towards base than apex. Prothorax almost
twice as wide as long; densely punctate. Hlytru suboblong, con-
siderably wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex ;.
striate-punctate, interstices rather wide, feebly convex, and
finely punctate. Length, 2 mm.; rostrum, 2 mm.; width, 1 mm.
Hab.—W.A.: Geraldton, Swan River, Beverley.
The clothing of this species is excessively variable, and is not
exactly the same in any two specimens out of about forty under
examination. The scales on the prothorax are usually paler at
the sides than on the disc; there is usually a pale median line
dividing two dark patches of scales; sometimes the line is
entirely absent, and the discal scales may be entirely black, or
coppery-yellow, or of a dull-white ; in an occasional specimen the
prothorax is clothed with black scales, except for a feeble line of
white at the base and side. The clothing of the elytra is even
more variable than of the prothorax, the paler scales may be of a
dead-white, or coppery, or tinged with blue; they may onan
almost the entire surface, or be distributed as feeble spots ;
some specimens the black scales form six more or less distinct
spots; in others the white scales form scutellar and sutural
markings, and three more or less interrupted transverse fasciz.
Derm reddish i. ag ... TUfo, D. Sp.
Derm black or piceous- black.
Legs red ... ae .. fuscomarmorea, Blkb.
Femora black, tibize and tarsi red.
Clothing uniform ... ep .. varipes, Blkb.
Clothing more or less variegated.
Klytra syuamose aud setose Ei ... distineta, Blkb.
Klytra squamose only... ; instabilis, n. sp.
G. unicolor (Pascoe) is fae as hs two lines in length.
Of the above species distincta is the largest, and measures but
one and one-half lines.
MYOsITTA CARPOPHAGA, 1. sp.
Head and rostrum red, prothorax reddish-testaceous; elytra,
under surface, legs, and antennz testaceous. Clothed with very
fine yellow pubescence, absent on head (except between eyes) and!
dise of prothorax.
195
Head densely punctate, finely towards base, coarsely between
eyes; eyes ovate. Rostrum moderately stout, feebly curved,
finely punctate, in male the length of prothorax, in female dis-
tinctly longer. Scape slightly longer than funicle, in male
inserted distinctly nearer apex than base of rostrum and con-
siderably passing apex, in female inserted almost in exact middle
and just passing apex. Prothorax transverse, sides rounded and:
increasing to base, densely and slightly irregularly punctate.
Scutellum semicircular, finely punctate. Hlytra longer than
prothorax, head, and rostrum combined, and not much wider than
prothorax, sides parallel to near apex, shoulders oblique ; striate-
punctate, punctures subquadrate, larger in male than in female ;
interstices convex, finely punctate. Under-surface densely and
finely punctate. Hemora thickened; posterior very strongly,
intermediate slightly, anterior not at all dentate. Length, male,
6 mm.; rostrum, 14}mm.; width, 2 min.; (female, length, 62 mm.;.
rostrum. 12 mm.).
Hab.—N.8.W.; Galston. (Reared and beaten from: cones of a
species of Banksia). :
A pallid species allied to cirrifera (Pascoe) from which it is
readily distinguished by its narrower form, paler colour, and
absence of elytral spots. It appears to be close to tabida (Pascoe)
but differs from the description of that species in being consider-
ably larger, and with a transverse prothorax ; the elytra are
elongate and parallel-sided, and each of their punctures (when
seen from above) appears to be surrounded by a darker ring.
Pascoe says of tabida that they “appear in certain lights to be
surrounded by a paler ring.”
MyosITTA APIONOMORPHA, 7. sp.
Black (the female occasionally dark piceous-brown) ; scape and
first joint of funicle red, rest of the antennez black. Elytra with
short and very sparse adpressed white sete, and with longer
sparse and suberect sete ; under-surface with moderately dense
white pubescence.
Head strongly punctate between eyes, finely and sparsely
towards base ; eyes subovate, more prominent, and less widely
separated in male than in female. Rostrum rather slender,
slightly curved, distinctly longer than prothorax; with rather
strong elongate punctures; a distinct longitudinal impression
between antenne. Scape the length of funicle, inserted at
about one-third from, and considerably passing apex of rostrum
in male, in female inserted at about two-fifths from and just
passing apex. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, sides rounded
and increasing to near base; densely but somewhat irregularly
196
and shallowly punctate. Scutellum transverse, semicircular,
finely punctate. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, shoulders
slightly rounded, sides in male parallel to near apex, in female
slightly dilating to beyond the middle; feebly striate, strongly
punctate, punctures larger and closer together in male than in
female ; interstices feebly convex, highly polished and scarcely
visibly punctate, in female wider than punctures, in male wider
on disc, narrower on sides. Under-surface minutely punctate,
metasternum almost microscopically transversely corrugate.
Legs rather long; femora thickened, all (but especially the
posterior pair) very strongly dentate. Length, male, 34 mm.;
rostrum, 1 mm.; width, 1+ mm. (female, length, 42 mm.; rostrum,
13 mm.).
Hab.—Galston (on Banksia sp., Dumbrell and Lea).
Very distinct from any previously described species.
MyosITTA BANKSIZ, 7. sp.
Of an uniform (except that the antenne and legs are very
slightly paler) and rather dark-red. Sides of prothorax with
yellowish pubescence; elytra with sparse, semi-erect, stout, yellow
sete ; under-surface very sparsely pubescent (except in front of
anterior coxe, between and at sides of intermediate and at sides
of posterior coxe).
Head densely punctate, moderately coarsely between eyes,
finely towards base; eyes large, subovate, larger and more
prominent in male than in female. Rostrum cf male the length
of prothorax, distinctly curved; strongly punctate; with a distinct —
longitudinal impression between antenne ; of female considerably
longer than prothorax, and almost straight. Antenne as in pre-
ceding, except that the scape is longer than the funicle.
Prothorax transverse, sides rounded, base but little wider than
apex ; moderately densely but shallowly punctate ; with an almost
impuncsate median line. Scwtellwm small, subtriangular. Hlytra
much wider than prothorax, shoulders rounded ; sides in female
parallel to near apex, in male very feebly decreasing from
shoulders ; striate punctate, punctures moderately large ; inter-
stices wider than punctures, convex, and frequently transversely
impressed, so that each appears to be composed of feeble oblong
spaces having a slightly granulate appearance. Under-surface
highly polished, very minutely punctate. Legs moderately long ;
femora thickened, posterior very strongly dentate, the others
rather feebly dentate. Length, male, 41 mm.; rostrum, 1 mm.;
width, 12 mm. (female, length, 42 mm.; rostrum, 12 mm.).
SS once nate (on several species of Banksia, Dumbrell and
ea).
197
A large female measures 6 mm. The species is allied to the
_ preceding, from which, however, it is abundantly distinct. I
know of no other species possessing similar elytral interstices.
_ From the description of rujwla (Pascoe) it differs in being very
shining and differently clothed, third tarsal joint not strongly
dilated, &c.
M. crrrirera, Pasc. Hab.—Galston, Tasmania.
_M. metanocerpnara, Pasc. Hab —King George’s Sound, Swan
River.
198
‘NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF KANGAROO ISLAND,
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EVIDENCES
OF EXTINCT GLACIAL ACTION,
By Watrer Howcury, F.G:S.
Plates IV., V.
[Read July 4, 1899.]
On several previous occasions I have been permitted to place
before this Society notes in elucidation of the extinct glacial
field comprehended within the limits of the Cape Jervis Penin-
sula. At the southern extremity of this area, more particularly,
there occurs some very striking illustrations of Glacial Till,
forming low coastal hills a hundred feet in height. From the
Lighthouse situated at the Cape the cliffs of Kangaroo Island
are clearly distinguishable across the Strait at a minimum dis-
tance of eight miles. From the thickness of the glacial deposits
at the Cape it appeared highly probable that they would be
found, if searched for, on Kangaroo Island as well as on the
mainland.
The earliest opportunity was seized to test this point by a
visit to the Isiand undertaken in the last week of 1898. Whilst
pursuing the main object of my visit during the limited time at
my disposal, I was able to make a few general observations on
the geology of the Island, which may conveniently be included in
the present paper.
EOcENE.
Queenscliffe.—At Beare’s Point, a little north of the Queenscliffe _
Jetty, and fora mile to the southward of the Point, the cliffs
consist of Kocene limestones. Near the Jetty the stone is almost
entirely polyzoanal in composition, and in places is so loosely
cemented that it frets away rapidly by exposure to the weather.
About half a mile from the Jetty, on the south side, the lime-
stone becomes stronger, and is of a bright pink colour, undis-
tinguishable from the pink-coloured Eocene limestone of the head
waters of the Hindmarsh River.* The limestone is quarried on
the beach and shipped for flux. Near the Jetty the Eocene beds ©
have a dip of 15° 8.E., which increases in a southerly direction
to 25° S.E., where they pass out of sight under more recent
formations.
“Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc., 8. Aus., vol. XXII., 1898, p. 15.
199
For about a mile on their southern limits these Tertiary beds
sare overlain by a remarkable travertine conglomerate, the in-
-cluded stones consisting entirely of rounded pebbles of basalt,
which appear in striking contrast to the white cement in which
they are embedded. The parent rock from which the basalt has
been derived exists in situ about one-and-a-half miles to the
north-west. The conglomerate reaches a maximum thickness of
from three to four feet, and is sparingly fossiliferous. Two shells,
Truncatella marginata and 7’. scalarina, are present in consider-
-able numbers. The Truncatelle have their habitat in the higher
littoral zone, and as the bed in which they have beeu preserved
‘is from ten to twelve feet above present sea level, it supplies
evidences of an elevation of the coast line within recent times.
‘The exclusive character of the embedded stones makes it probable
either that the basaltic sheet, just referred to as their source,
extended as far south as the site of the conglomerate bed at the
time of its formation, or that the deposit was formed at the
mouth of a river which had its drainage almost exclusively over
the basaltic area.
Smith's Bay.—An inconspicuous outcrop of Eocene limestone
also occurs in Section 317, Hundred of Menzies, on the banks of
a creek a little west of the Cape Borda main road. It is situated
about two miles south-west of Smith’s Bay. The fossiliferous
limestone occurs in broken fragments on the surface of the
-ground.
BasaLt.
Kingscote and Gap Hills.—The sea cliffs which trend north
from Queenscliffe Jetty exhibit some very interesting geological
features. At the old Jetty near Kingscote, three quarters of a
mile north of Queenscliffe, a very instructive section is visible
A basaltic cap, about a hundred feet in maximum thickness,
forms the greater part of the cliff face, thinning out to nothing
on either side. The igneous rock is greatly jointed, both vertically
and horizontally, breaking up by weather action into vertical
prisms of small size. This fissured condition of the stone makes
it readily serviceable for road metal, and formally it was shipped
to Port Adelaide for this purpose.
The basalt at this point occupies an eroded valley about a
quarter of a mile wide, in ‘a white, friable, quartzose sandstone,
which sometimes passes into a coarse grit. The sandstone is
horizontal, and in places exhibits false bedding. It has a thick-
ness of about 40 feet at Kingscote, and contains, particularly
near its base, large concretionary nodules of ironstone. As these
ferruginous concretions, when exposed, weather into large cup-
shaped masses, they are sometimes locally used as drinking
troughs for poultry.
200
The basaltic cap continues uninterruptedly along the high
ground from Kingscote to the Bluff, at the entrance to the Bay
of Shoals, a distance of about two miles. It is evident that
originally this basaltic sheet covered a much greater extent of
country than it does at present, having been subjected to exten-
sive denudation that has broken up the original igneous piateau
into isolated areas, separated by miles of low land. It reappears
at Rettie’s Bluff, five miles to the west of Kingscote, and forms.
the table-topped summits of the Gap Hills, extending in a lineal
direction, with some interruptions, from Kingscote to Smith’s Bay,
a distance of twelve miles.
The underlying sandstone, already referred to, can be traced
round the Kingscote Point to the Bluff, and reappears under the
basalt in the Gap Hills, and extends at least as far as Smith’s
Bay. At the latter place, near the residence of Mr. George
Turner, the sandstone was eroded, before the volcanic overfiow,
into a considerable mound, around and over which the basalt has.
flowed. The section can be seen in a deep gully that has been
cut through the igneous cap, and exposed the underlying beds.
The geological age to which this igneous activity must be re-
ferred is at present uncertain, but probably it took place in late
Tertiary, or even Post Tertiary times, and might be synchronous.
with the great volcanic phenomena that was a marked feature of
the Mount Gambier and Southern Victorian areas about that
period.
GLACIAL.
Kingscote.—In the sea cliffs at Kingscote the white sandstone
underlying the basalt is itself underlain by a stiff, blue, and
mottled clay at sea level, which continues in a southerly direc-
tion to the Queenscliffe Jetty, and follows the coast to the north-
ward along the southern shores of the Bay of Shoals. Its presence
on the beach makes the ground sticky and unpleasant to walk
upon. The line of junction between this clay and the Eocene
beds at Beare’s Point is not very distinct, but appearances seem
to indicate that it occupies a position inferior to the Tertiary
limestones.
Resting on this clay along the beach a few erratics’ were
noticed, consisting chiefly of quartzites and comparatively large
boulders of a creamy white quartz. There were also a few large
and round nodules of flint present, the origin of which is doubt-
tul, but they have probably been brought there by human
agency.
As to the age of this clay, the evidences are by no means
clear, but from what I saw subsequently in my journey, I am
inclined to think that this beach clay may be the boulder clay of
the district. The comparative absence of boulders from this
4
3
201
part of the beach may be accounted for by the slight amount of
denudation to which the clay has been subjected at this point. I
regret that I had not time to re-examine this ground on my
return journey.
Bay of Shoals.—After rounding the Bluff in the Bay of Shoals
the cliffs become low and uniform, composed of a reddish clay
covered with travertine.
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X| BASALT |
‘WHITE SANDSTONE |
) ‘; GLACIAL CLAY |
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Stone HeserreN
PLAN OF PART OF HUNDRED OF MENZIES, —
KANGAROO ISLAND. sas
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Vol. XXIII. Plate V.
BASALT
“WHITE SANDSTONE
', GLACIAL CLAY
14.
207
ice of no great thickness, and therefore incapable of transporting
stones of large size. These suggestions are only thrown out as
possible causes for the peculiar features of these beds rather than
any settled conviction as to their origin.
The geological age of this formation is doubtful. It does not
appear to have been subjected to the metamorphic action that
has converted the sandstones of the Mount Lofty Ranges into
quartzites. It is free from vein quartz, which is a genera! feature
of the latter, as well as being more friable. The derived lime-
stones in the Breccia-beds are crypto-crystalline, and resemble
some of the Cambrian marbles, but no fossils have been detected
in them.
If the Breccia-beds are genuinely glacial in their origin, they
are certainly much older than the glacial clays and erratics more
particularly described in this paper, for the following reasons :—
1. No erratics at all comparable in size to those scattered over
the surface occur in the Breccia-beds. The size of the stones in
the latter seldom exceeded a foot in diameter.
2. Whilst some of the glacial erratics rested on the eroded
edges of the sandstone and Breccias, there is no lithological
similarity between the superficial erratics and the fragments
which make up the Breccias.
3. At several points the boulder clay is seen to rest uncon-
formably on the eroded edges of the Point Marsden series.
Judging from the general appearance of the sandstone,
together with the occurrence of derived (?) Cambrian limestones
in its Breccias, I am disposed to regard it as belonging to one of
the middle or upper Paleozoic periods. The shale beds that are
included in the series might be carefully searched for fossils with
some hope of success. Great interest attaches to the westward
extension of these beds, as their junction with the older rocks
will probably be found in that direction, and might show an
unconformability.
208
NOTES UPON SOME FOSSIL REPTILIAN REMAINS
FROM THE VWARBURTON RIVER, NEAR LAKE
EYRE.
By A. Zrerz, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., &c., Assistant Director of the
S.A. Museum.
[Read September 5, 1899. ]
In the year 1859 Prof. R. Owen described and figured some
fossils in the Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society, London, vol.
CXLIX., consisting of three vertebree of a gigantic land lizard
from the (Pleistocene?) deposits forming the bed of a tributary
of the Condamine River, West of Moreton Bay, and named it
Megalania prisca. In his description he points out its close
relationship to the recent Varanida. For vomparison with the
fossils, figures are also given of the vertebre of the Varanus
gioanteus from Central Australia.
In a second paper by the same author, which appeared in
1880, ‘‘dorsal,” ‘“‘ sacral” and caudal vertebre, a skull* and a
fragment of the same are figured and described.
In the Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 1886, Prof.
R. Owen described and figured the sacrum and foot-bones, which,
however, are stated by A. S. Woodward, Ann Mag. Nat.
History, 1886, to be those of some large Marsupial. +
In 1888, A. S. Woodward, in a paper “On the Extinct
Reptilian Genera Megalania (Owen) and Meolania (Owen),”
gives a summary of previous observations, and proposes the new
name Meiolania Owenit for a Chelonian, which name has also
been adopted by Lydekker in the Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia,
&c., in the British Museum.
Woodward further states—‘ It appears that under Megalania
prisca have been included (1) Lacertilian vertebre and an occi-
pital fragment, (2) Chelonian skull and tail-sheath, (3) Marsupial
foot-bones.”
The first necessarily form the type specimens of the genus and
species, and the last are obviously at once excluded from con
sideration,
In the S.A. Government Geologist’s Report for 1894, in 3
supp ae cee oe Mr. R. . Etheridge, junr., Paleo . ologist
“A. 8S. Woodward states this skull to ee to a Biadioneath’
t Diprotodon (A. Z.).
} See British Museum Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia, &e., Part III., p. 166.
209
in the Australian Museum, Sydney, “Qn the Occurrence of
Megalania (Owen) (sensu stricto) in South Australia,” two
vertebre are figured and described: Plate I., figs. 1, 2, 4, and
Plate II., figs. L 2. The first is stated to be “a dorsal vertebra,
probably ‘from an immature individual, &e. It appears to corre-
spond well with the dorsal vertebre figured by the late Sir R.
Owen, F.R.S., in his first paper on Megalania.” ‘This is un-
doubtedly a true Varanus vertebra.
Plate II. figs. 1-2. represent a vertebra which is described as
“one of the lumbar series, very much larger than the dorsal.”
This vertebra, however, does not belong to Megalania, but is a
true Crocodilian vertebra, and evidently belongs to the same
species of crocodile, of which three vertebre have have previously
received by the 8.A. Museum from Messrs. W. R. Cave & Co.,
jn 1888.
These were obtained with the following fossils from the bed of
the Warburton River, near Lake Eyre ; probably from the same
locality where Mr. Brown obtained his specimens. Fragments of
lower jaw of Nototherium, fragments of Diprotodon bones, frag-
ments of Kangaroo bones, dorsal vertebra of Varanus (Megalania)
priscus, tail vertebra, unguinal phalanx, phalanx, three vertebre,
fragments of dermal scutae of Crocodile, fragments of carapace
and plastron of two Chelonian species, Chelodina insculpta, De
Vis, and Chelymys uberrima, De Vis, and fragments of skull of
a Siluroid fish.
All these bones are more or less petrified: and judging from
their appearance and their fragmentary and often water-worn
condition, seem to have been washed out of the sand and clay
banks by floods, as already stated by Mr. Brown in his report of
1894.
The deposit, from which these fossils originate, was not found
by him, although he travelled about 50 miles up the river.
Lydekker, in the Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia in the Britisn
Museum, vol. I., page 284, points out the close relationship of
Varanus (Megalania) priscus (Owen) to an extinct Indian
species ( Varanus sivalensis). This species, as well as V. priscus,
compared with our recent forms, owns proportionally shorter and
stouter-built vertebree than the latter. Owen says in his paper,
“The chief peculiarity of the Australian fossil Lizard is its great
size ; the vertebre rival in bulk those of the largest living
crocodiles. Its estimated length was about 20 feet.”
The vertebre have already been figured, but not the phalanx,
the unguinal phalanx (which measures over two inches in length),
and which, as it appears to me, have not been found before.
The unguinal phalanx agrees very well, excepting its enormous
size, with the corresponding one of Varanus giganteus, the
“Perentie,” which is stated to attain a total length of eight feet.
210
Judging from the much smaller size of the Warburton River
fossils in comparison with those from the Condamine River
deposits, they appear to belong toa much smaller and hitherto
undescribed species, for which I propose the name VARANUS
W ARBURTONENSIS. aie
In the following table measurements are given of one of the
two vertebree ander consideration, and also one of those described
by Prof. Owen from the Canaanite River, Queensland.
Condamine R. Warburton R.
In. Lines. In. Lines.
Length of centrum ... 3 3 2 4
Length of non-articular lower surface of
centrum 2 0 1 +
Breadth of centrum, behind the ball L sie 1 2
Vertical diameter of centrum behind the ball 1 4 0 9
Vertical diameter of cup 1 9 1 2
Transverse diameter of cup__.... 2 5 1 6
Breadth of neural arch above the costal
tubercles 4 | p 2 6
Vertical diameter from highest part of
neural arch 3 4 2 3
Transverse diameter of anterior outlet of
neural canal : 0 9 0 6
Transverse diameter of posterior outlet of
neural canal 0 4 0 3
Vertical diameter of anterior outlet of
neural canal 0 3 0 4
Vertical diameter of posterior outlet of
neural canal 0 5 0 5:
Longest diameter of anterior zygopophysis 1 6 Ost i
Vertical diameter of costal tubercle ] 0 0 i
Transverse diameter of costal tubercle 0 7 0 6
Antero-posterior extent cf vase of neuro-
pophysis i ae 1 2
NOTES ON MELONITE (NICKEL-TELLURIDE) FROM
WoORTURPA, SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
By Atrrep J. Hiaern, Lecturer on Chemistry, University
of Adelaide.
[Read September 5, 1899. ]
Three separate samples of the telluride lately found at
Worturpa were sent to me, all of which I found to be identical
in appearance. The telluride occurs with quartz and calcite in
thin lamelle, hut not showing distinct crystalline form.
It has a brilliant metallic lustre. The colour of the cleavage
planes by direct reflection is silver-white ; in oblique directions,
reddish-brown ; on the fractured faces of a more bronze-like hue.
The hardness is 1°; sp. gr., 7-6; streak lead-grey. A qualitative
analysis proved that the mineral was telluride of nickel, contain-
ing traces of bismuth and lead, and a variable quantity of free
gold.
A quantitative analysis of the mineral gave the following
results :—
(1) (2)
Per cent. Per cent.
Insoluble matter... we 2-091 319
Gold... ye ze 329 ‘018
Nickel ... at 1. 2-99 21-274
Tellurium ee, £120 474-49 71:500
99-90 100°111
The material for analysis was picked out when the stone had
been broken up, and is, as will be seen, nearly free from foreign
matter. There can be no doubt from these analyses that the
mineral is melonite, Ni, Te,. This would require—
Per cent.
Nickel sy wort AZO
Tellurium ... EJ H06:49
100-00
This mineral has, so far as I am able to ascertain, only been
found in one place, viz., in the Stanislaus mine, California, U.S.
of America.
It is described by Genth in a paper entitled ‘“ Contributions to
Mineralogy,” published in the American Journal of Science,
vol. XLV., 1868. Geuth states that he only obtained a small
212
amount of the mineral, and then it was not pure, but mixed with
quartz and small quantities of Hessite, Altaite, and, possibly,
Native Tellurium.
The mineral has, he states, a metallic lustre, and is of reddish-
white colour, similar to bismuth. He observed one microscopic
but perfect six-sided plate, but states that the largest portion was
in indistinct yranular and foliated particles with eminent basal
cleavage. This description does not quite agree with the appear-
ance of the mineral from Worturpa, but probably the latter is
purer than that examined by Geuth.
In some places the telluride of nickel from Worturpa has
undergone oxidation, staining the surrounding matrix either
green or yellow. ‘There was not sufficient of the oxidation pro-
duct present to enable me to determine its composition. But it
is probably tellurite of nickel.
I examined several portions of the mineral in order to ascer-
tain whether the gold was present in the free state or combined
with tellurium. On dissolving the mineral in nitric acid, even
when very dilute acid was used, the gold was always obtained in
bright spangles, sometimes of considerable size, but even the
smallest particles showed, when examined under the microscope,
a bright shining surface.
Though the gold occurs in the free state in all the samples
submitted to me, it is highly probable that it was in combination
with Tellurium, and that the Telluride of gold has undergone
decomposition.
It would be of interest to examine samples of the mineral
obtained from a greater depth in the lode, where there could
be no possibility of oxidation occurring.
All the samples were examined for Selenium and Cobalt, but
none was found present.
A REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN
CYCLOSTREMATIDZ AND LIOTIID.
By Proressor Ratpu Tare.
[Read September 5, 1899. ]
Plates VI., VIT.
_ This communication was submitted to this Society, August 2,
1898, but by reason of inability to prepare illustrations in time
for issue in the volume for 1898, its publication was deferred.
A brief abstract appears, however, on p. 239 of that volume, and
therein is established the generic names Cyclostremella and
Pseudoliotia. Inthe interval some additional information has
been collected or published, notably the illustrations of Lotia
Loddere by Mr. Hedley, and that five speeies of Cyclostrema and
one of Liotia have been elaborated by Dr. Verco, the diagnoses
of which, and accompanying illustrations in a published form, are
deferred till his return from Europe ; also, my attention has been
drawn by Mr. Hedley to a paper by Miss Bush on “A Revision
of Cyclostrema and Related Genera belonging to the Atlantic
Fauna of America” (Trans. Connecticut Acad., 1897), wherein a
new genus Cyclostremella is founded, which necessitates a new
name for the genus typefied by Liotia Loddere.
The limits of the genera Cyclostrema and Liotia are not so
exact as to permit in all cases of a safe reference to one or the
Other.
The conchological characters largely relied on for Cyclostrema
are a thin vitreous test, entire, simple non-varicosed aperture,
and a multispiral operculum. For Liotia, a stout perlaceous test,
last whorl descending at the front, aperture variced and entire,
operculum spiral and covered with calcareous granules. As to
the animal, that of Ziotia is only known, and to the following
extent: ‘‘does not possess intertentacular lobes, but the foot is
furnished with lateral filaments, as in Trochide” (A. Adams, in
P.Z.8., 1863).
As a result of a study of the larger number of Australian
species embraced in the families Cyclostrematidz and Liotiide, I
find that several species have been wrongly assigned to their
respective families. Thus, for instance, Cyclostrema micans and
___Liotia Angasi have solid shells, with an entire aperture, but not
_ distinctly varicosed; by comparison of types in the British
Museum, they are one and the same species, and as the test is
; 214
not pearly inside the family reference should be to Cyclostre-
matide, a position confirmed by my personal knowledge of its
operculum. Another species of dubious generic location is Liotia
Loddere, which, because of its thickened aperture, has a Liotia-
like aspect; but its vitreous test, in the absence of other charac-
ters, makes it desirable to relegate it also to Cyclostrematide.
Having applied the above-mentioned conchological tests to
many of our reputed species of these two families, I hope that
my verdicts thereon may facilitate the preparation of a complete
revision of them.
FAMILY CYCLOSTREMATIDA:.
Cyclostrema is a heterogeneous assemblage of species, embracing
such divergent characters as—
1. TexturE—a, porcellonous and thick, as in C. mucans;
6, translucent and thin, as in C. Jatez.
2. SHapE—a, turbinate, as C. tenera, Jeffreys, and C. conica,
Watson ; 6, discoid, as C. nivea, A. Ad.; c, planorbiform,
as C. cyclotuna, A. Ad.
3. APERTURE—a, simple, as in C. Tater; 6, thickened, as in
C’. micans ; c, varicosely margined, as in C. Loddere.
4. UmpBiticus—a, wide in C. Zatei; 6b, almost obliterated in
C. micans.
5, PERITREME continuous or incomplete.
These multifarious elements indicate that Cyclostrema, in an
extended sense, is heterogeneously composed, and in my treatment
of the Australian species I have endeavoured to arrange them in
genera and sections best in accord with morphological charac-
teristics—anatomical features still remain unascertained ; never-
theless, I have added difficulties by the inclusion of three species
of doubtful classificatory position.
Genus Cyciostrema, Marryatt, 1818.
Shell depressed ; test thin, hyaline, usually spirally lined or
ridged ; aperture simple ; umbilicus open.
The genus Vitrinella, C. B. Adams, does not appear to me to
be distinct from the typical Cyclostrematids.
SECTION CYCLOSTREMA, Ss. S.
The characters of the genus.
Section Tupiota, A. Adams, 1864.
Shell turbinate ; thin, opaque-white, and usually inornate.
The genus Cirsonella, Angas, which was placed provisionally
by its author among Trochide, is, in my opinion, reducible to
this section. Fischer, Man. Conch., and Tryon, Man. Conch.,
X., p. 16, place it subgenerically under Z%nostoma. Tinostoma
is not considered by me a member of the family.
215
Genus LopperiA, Zate, 1899.
Differs from Cyclostrema, s. s., by its varicosely margined
aperture. Type: Liotia Loddere, Petterd.
Genus PsEupo.ioTia, Z'ate, 1898. ©
Shell somewhat like Ziotia; test thick and porcellanous ;
aperture oblique to the axis, its margin thickened ; umbilicus
reduced to a mere chink ; operculum horny, multispiral. Type:
Cyclostrema micans, A. Adams; it recalls Mdélleria, which is
differentiated by a calcareous operculum. Judging from pub-
lished figure and description, Cyclostrema eburnea, Nevill, is
congeneric.
CATALOGUE OF THE AUSTRALIAN
CYCLOSTREMATID i.
GENUS CYCLOSTREMA, S. Ss.
1, Cyelostrema Tatei, Angas. P.Z.S., 1878, p. 862, t. 54, fig. 10.
The ornamentation of the the shell of this species varies from
eight spiral ribs to nearly smooth. The many keeled form
resembles ©. cingulifera, A. Adams, whilst the smooth form
simulates C. levis, Kiener. Reeve, in his Monograph of the
genus records these Japanese species as also from Port Lincoln.
My comparison of C. Yate with the British Museum examples
of C. cingulifera leaves me in doubt of their specific identity,
chiefly on account of the very large size of the Japanese shells.
Until Mr. Edgar Smith has given his opinion on the question,
which he kindly promised to do, I shall expunge C. cingulifera
and C. levis from the South Australian fauna, as I tentatively
regard Reeve’s Australian reference to belong to C. Tatez.
The species is confined to St. Vincent Gulf, and the coast to
the westward thereof. (R. Tate).
2. Cyelostrema Harriettz, Petterd. Journ. Conch., p. 141 (1884).
This Tasmanian species, types of which I have had under com-
parison, is closely related to C. Tatez, but differs by its reguiarly
disposed spiral threads, transversely and closely striated (not
oblique and distant), depressed spire, and by the subtruncate
periphery of the last whorl. Also Holdfast Bay, S. Australia
(R.T.).
3. Cyelostrema Johnstoni, Beddome. Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, for
1882, p. 168 (1883). Pl. vii., figs. 7 a-b.
A depressed shell, ornamented with sharp elevated transverse
ribs (about 35 on body-whorl), intercostal spaces without sculp-
_ ture; aperture entire, not thickened.
216
It is very like C. Archeri, Tryon. Man. X., p. 89, t. 33, fig.
84, 1888, but “ peristome thickened” does not apply, though his
figure does not portray that character. The species belongs to
Tasmania.
Cyelostrema insecriptum, spec. nov. PI. vii., figs. 3 a-b.
Shell minute, very fragile, discoidal, diaphanous, widely um-
bilicated. Spire flat, not rising above the plane of the last
whorl. Whorls four, convex, with a gentle antesutural slope ;
surface smooth and shining, but incremental striz are visible
under a pocket-lense.. Aperture roundly oval, a little wider than
high ; peristome incomplete.
Dimensions of figured example.
diameter, 1‘6; height, 1:2 mm.
Locality.— West coast of South Australia.
This species differs from the smooth form of C. Tatei by its
flat spire, the last whorl relatively less high, and by the absence
of spiral ornament ; it has not the compact build or sunken spire
of C. charopa.
Major diameter, 2:2 ; minor
Cyclostrema delectabile, spec. nov. Pl. vii., fig. 4.
Shell small, thin, translucent white, subdiscoidal. Spire
slightly elevated ; widely and perspectively umbilicated. Proto-
conch globulose and hyaline. Ordinary whorls three, of rather
rapid increase ; ornamented by rounded spiral and axial thread-
lets, which on the antesutural slope are of about equal strength
and equidistant, producing a reticulation of square meshes ; on
the rounded periphery the spiral riblets are dominant as far as
the edge of the umbilical crater, but in its gentle slope the axial
riblets reappear, and in greater strength than they are posteriorly
Aperture orbicular ; peristome thin and continuous.
Dimensions of figured example.—Major diameter, 1°66; minor
diameter, 1:1; height, -95 mm.
Locality.—Fowler Bay, west coast of South Australia; col-
lected by me in 1879.
Reticulated sculpture is rare in the family, and the peculiarity
of its partial development in the present species is in itself a
sufficiently distinctive character.
DouUBTFUL SPECIES OF CYCLOSTREMA.
Cyelostrema caperatum, spec. nov. PI, vii., figs. 1 a-b.
Shell small, discoidal ; diaphanous, though somewhat clouded
around the umbilicus. Spire convex, slightly elevated ; whorls
four and a-half, inclusive of protoconch of one and a-half smooth
whorls. The ordinary whorls slightly depressed at the posterior
suture thence regularly subconvex, suture linear ; all the whorls
spirally lined, the linear ridges slightly narrower than the inter-
217
vening sulci about fourteen on the upper-surface of the body-
whorl; the posterior one and a-half whorls ornamented by
arched retroverted transverse folds, the last whorl abruptly
-rounded at the periphery to the flattened base, which is incon-
spicuously marked by concentric lineations.
Aperture roundly oval, a little wider than high, its vertical
plane oblique to the axis of the shell; peristome incomplete ;
outer lip acute and medially ecurved; columellar lip nearly
vertical, with truncated edge, and thickened at its junction with
the basal lip. Umbilicai orifice of moderate size, but exposing
the penultimate whorl; umbilical crater with somewhat precipi-
tous sides interrupted by a shallow spiral furrow.
Maximum diameter, 5; height, 2 mm.
Lakes Entrance Gippsland, Victoria, in shell-sand. Three
examples collected by, and received from, Dr. Pulleine.
I am not satisfied that this new species is rightly placed in
Cyclostrema or even in Cyclostrematide ; the oblique aperture is
not proper to Cyclostrema, whilst the spiral excavation around
the umbilical crater, which recalls MZinolia in Trochide and
Homalazxis in Solariide (at least as represented by the species in
the Parisian Eocene) is not known among Cyclostrematide. But
I am at a loss where else to place it in the absence of characters
which would be furnished by the animal or its operculum.
Supplemental Note.-—The following extract from a letter
(25/9/99) by Mr. C. Hedley, is of much interest regarding the
systematic position of this species :—‘‘ Your C. caperatum I refer
to the section Solariorbis of Teinostoma. The group is defined
by Dall; briefly it is distinguished by an umbilical keel. The
nearest ally of caperatum is Starkeye, N.S. Wales. A glanze at
the umbilicus serves to distinguish them, that of the latter being
more choked by the umbilical keel; besides caperatum is
striated ; Starkeyce smooth ; caperatwm absolutely larger and com-
paratively flatter.”
Cyelostrema charopa, spec. nov. Pl. vii., figs. 2a-2c.
Cyclostrema micra, Petterd, Journ. Conch., p. 139, 1884 (non
C. micra, Ten.-Woods, 1877).
Shell minute, planorbiform, very widely umbilicated, sordid-
white ; spire slightly sunken. Whorls four, rapidly increasing,
convex ; last whorl with a sloping sutural margin ; the ornament
consists of close-set, slender, oblique growth-lines only; base
convex, abruptly bounding the wide umbilicus, which exposes all
the whorls. Aperture incomplete, nearly circular, a little wider
than high ; outer lip sharp, ecurved medially.
Dimensions of figured specimen.—Minor diameter, 1:1; major
diameter, 1:84 ; height, ‘5 mm.
Habitat.—Tasmania (Petterd) ; South Australia (Dr. Verco).
P
218
The figured example, which I received from Mr. May, has been.
critically compared by me with Mr. Petterd’s type, and is con-
sidered to be conspecific, though it is larger, and has an addi-
tional whorl, which has developed the sutural slope absent in the
younger shell. This may not be a Cyclostrema, and I have been
inclined to refer it to Homalogyra, but the simple aperture forbids
such an attachment. The specific name is in allusion to the
similitude of the shell to that of some species of the helicoid
genus Charopa.
Cyelostrema Mayii, spec. nov. PI. vi., figs. 4a-4c.
Shell minute, very fragile, discoidal, with a flat spire and
rounded periphery, profundly and widely umbilicated. Proto-
conch large, oblong, and inflated. Spire-whorls two, slightly
sloping to the channeled suture ; ornamented by thick and some-
what irregular growth-folds, those on the body-whorl passing
across the periphery to the umbilicus; the rounded periphery is
faintly angled above and below, less so below than above. Aper-
ture circular, peristome entire and simple.
Dimensions of figured example. —Major diameter, 1:1; minor
diameter, *84, height, -4 mm.
Habitat. _“‘Pasmania, received from Mr. W. L. May, of Sand-
ford, in honour of whom I have employed the species-name.
This is another Homalogyra-like shell, but distinct from
C. charopa in its flat, not sunken spire, coarse ornament, and
complete peristome.
SECTION TUBIOLA.
Cyelostrema Angeli, 7.-Woods, sp.
Rissoa (?) Angeli, Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania,
for 1876, p. 153 (1877) ; ad., op. crt., p. 122, 1878.
This species seems congeneric with C. conica, Watson, “ Voy.
Challenger,” of which Tryon remarks, ‘it is more like a Scalaria.”
Of Tenison-Woods’ species, the same author says, “generic
position doubtful;” though Tenison-Woods himself remarks,
op. cit., p. 122, “some authors would place the species in the
genus Cyclostrema.’ i
Habitat.—Tasmania (Blackman’s Bay, ?type), my collection
received from Mr. May; 8. Australia, Dr. Verco.
Though Rissoia-like, yet by its fragile test, and in the absence
of the opercular characters, it is better placed in Cyclostrematide,
because of the thinness of the test.
Tryon figures a Tasmanian shell as Rissoa Angeli, but it is a
distinct species, hereafter to be described.
The axial ornament of &. Angeli consists of thick ribs, about
ten on the last whorl, which cease at the periphery. Ten.-
of \)
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