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TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ROVAL SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA
(INCORPORATED).
ae venena.. 5 fe NONE
(hk te Sl Gk ne a a
[Wits Forty-THREE Puates AND THREE Maps ann Firry-six
FIGURES IN THE TEXT. |
EDITED BY WALTER HOWCHIN, F.G:S.,
Assistep sy ARTHUR M. LEA, F.E:S.
PRICE, SEVENTEEN SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Adelarde :
‘PUBLISHED BY THE Society, Roya Soctrry Rooms, NortH TERRACE.
DECEMBER 24, 1917.
ee ee om eee
PRINTED BY Hussky & GILLINGHAM [LimiTEp, 106 AND 108, CurRIE
Street, ADELAIDE, SourH AUSTRALIA.
Parcels for transmission to the Royal Society of South Aus-
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through the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
vi.
opal Society ot South Australia
(INCORPORATED).
Patron:
HIS EXCELLENCY SIR HENRY LIONEL GALWAY,
K.C.M.G., D.S.O.
— — gpotassium iodide. Of this solution 1°51 ¢.¢, were
wreath aia ted Wve eubjetted +b: the! alte” “prbitesses: wa the
Brae? 2059! SE! Peo potassitrk elie 281° Bek, ‘thigsiilipita nf
218! RISO c.c2 Mine EO WAN ot taki TRO! TAB 26%.
eh Fos aip ia ta £20018! Sim. ae esise ong San bas toatsw
Whence 1 litre of water contains ‘0 05, Bt ato FOdHE, Cor
E Th? C6difle! 18°eontAiifed ink 202, D0O° Zafar pit on
Bronine.— After removal of iodine, the sre left’ can
be” used? for TEBE TOctithation : of? eg " ao ae
‘evaporated after Adding a small quantity sr Sugat, op e resi
heated, till charred, extracted with watér!!%4 wae th ie nied
Mba SIihEY, WeverAed:? Te was Uhete tttratell con cHlovine
Reiter! Approximately: ROAYEAG th , [sop KL efilon ater”
standardized a Pca: sKBr, a Ea equal olumes: 3
dhe SobHtto in’ Betti seal" Odseay ‘Gtandar The
‘eMidnivie Wokution @ TWA tly Lése0 ti tie ce sorta itis ad vishble
6 Pstandavetize: it ay the SHH et ting tie! assay! Woda
of 7 of Es Pa yoe ait Sion ee 1 8 mM mean . ee
ROPES SEW ten fei Ris! SF 2h th ok hehe hallei esw’
PW eels Ata EHS 6a dphautigr afte ae is” $6 Siiallf
Ae MOE titPatfon' ithe britié:/i.2., Without em o¥8 if of iodide |
ig! 5eP MR ble uch Ar! Festianat iotl ave?! IB Sea
een
fe : i
ESB VARS | UP 1 Rte GF watér Uént&ing 065 erm. Bro 3
mig RW
paw [uteesooue vitist yionmioreee Jqoreths oA—.ravol
owl .viflsorrtemsrroloo earbor edd sdeoriize of S Dent
Tet
-or¢ s bas obra oft ds qst s ditw eaodd) esttetud
tug esw gern edt otal oe s stew (qsd sige woled ‘gots amo!
pee bos .,oprtd to [vee peeve
THICMTe
r z
antysfov earee elt brosee 9
4
to 19,9 56 trode ete esw dose oT .1stew belliteth to
SB system “seortin’ to eqotb ow? to ano bers merotorolsno
edt baste od anivolls bos geri oft onitiede nO (bios
sas} ot ath .tolos io diqob frsives & co soot mrototoldo
onthbs vd yisezolo ne 4 eibar ohn ot od blyoo tet exdT sritbor
Aina: muteestog.%.1o etnuoms botsesomt odut broose salt of
plete .boasie of carwolls bas ornisde .cottsloe
ebrthor to .9.0 EO helotsor eatrd .5.9 OL
a Haha i baie ~
mre hCO00 enistmoo totew ade! to otil I ¢edt bat ew sonedW
| afolleg OOT.03! at buvot et sathor to .di I to -surboi
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(O08 ..ftivexx ..ensiT geet) suwaw\\s .“A to muot bednude
ADDITIONS (To: THES FLoRAcOfs SOUTH cCAUSTRALIAL992 ©
No. 11.
STAGDARAITO
dooltol BY SEMA Rae y2i'5 one nods cl
id) oolstesG -:onodebslD : yrudist : (M seid
bsord .ooci d Rébat Junie 1d} 1917. aes sgqe erodabslo
PLaTEs DE? “ob XT.
(M 32eiG) ocbird ysis 1d A asso song assoso
This list 1s to some extent the result of collections made
by me in September and O€tébé¥'1916, in the neighbourhood
of rCarrieton, oQtonm: aid yieoker sf ee dealssiwithimany
fhdsramade:-byrothérvcolebtors, andotdntdins theiddsériptient
of! three : Hew. ispecies;o ib: ‘hievenien AK ooh dogg cbea nice, cand
Aminecuypseross 0” mr bruot msed esd 31 dotdw so molesooo Jara
As in previous papers mace the same title, alien plants
are indicated by an asteriskjandimewW records of native plants
for any of) Tate's districts) ares sgiveHl 1ff braeketsnatter the
name of the locality.sryrgJ7 yes ,sansH erobailh CM wv A
Bw ARS SAA 4 o\. rime &
CONIFERAE.
Callitris propnguagaR2+Brioheft0 (eastern) bank of the
river;ab Miarray: Bridge. vAtitalk tree with ytheshowenr sbraiches
spreading; cones, 30 mm. long. Ws derCl ) +e1H bodelooW
Mriou@ -tcawell : coterie .Mov WL on OTs Sol vosao A
of betoszid [fs aedtto Hv oomaatird eR aio g ait to eogsbasaq A
20Mhadophilas ovat: (> Be 2), Heokxofs Faniitaeg .b beashched
were found on the coast sett sicher dame “2A 5°ESDEATES
Ed iIDe hae seep ditce a ONL Uap ny 2 oon 9 yy9229k
ej ylorsi viev Yo .aoo! o@naimbnans rs avoidsl9” es caslq
isi ponte Fubemse Ve Cartietoiy ay paket" ppedt's.
ti be ‘Wutterous ih is NO rth atid to ‘take the * ace ct Sipe
by Be niadbitensis, Bin the, ‘more | SoutHerly- parts’ SKE ge
eho) Rgisabse S 50 mort 82 23 TE Gf Q OY 2B& lows
RE Ae a pu hiDea Reith: _Mootdotve" (S, ROWhitEy:
Oav¥rietort?| Wéolshed?Ftat. 20115: L S68 i Of A +18 by ng,
TBOV im Pl phono toil pebiohst6 “pase! rowing ta mataatiny
int a Funminis (GréeKOf the SrappaldFiiIie n ‘near Hawket,' pape
UT) Sipe! clegtntissimae Tawi ‘Carrieton ; Wooishe pat)
aoa dir bate 25 URRY i 'Stettas ,” aa “Bian Tiere raid
(Desiyertarie® CBiMivlieri, Kath)! Port’ ‘BNioh f° ‘ghdwitls
dmrolfg! rotkstheareesed?!> 2! puidioly er 1 Soartis?
to OP aniciini! pelch Porm ORL Bi Bdiwdla Danaive® ‘Stat
tibir ah Blood Cveel’ (Dist :° FID AA WHI, AG stat B OY913)!
Hitherto réeordédl dnly 46r the’ Norther Tettitdry'° Cay Stain
White réports thatthis brags)? whi’ Fat’ first” took! PoE ON
42
stunted form of P. effuswm (these Trans., xxxviii., 460),
“seems to be in great abundance after rain.”
CYPERACEAE.
Lepidosperma viscidum, R. Br. Sherlock (F. Denford ;
Dist. M); Halbury; Gladstone; Beetaloo (Dist. N). The
Gladstone specimens have the stem fully 6 mm. broad.
J UNCACEAE,
Juncus pauciflorus, R. Br. Murray Bridge (Dist. M).
LILIACEAE.
* Allium rotundum, LL. Received from Lochiel per Pro-
fessor Osborn. A Mediterranean plant with numerous purple
flowers arranged in a globular head or umbel. This is the
first occasion on which it has been found in South Australia.
PROTEACEAE.
Hakea ulicona, R. Br., var. flexilis, F. v. M. (A. flenilis,
F. v. M.). Flinders Range, near Laura.
CHENOPODIACEAE.
Chenopodium atriplicinum, F. v. M. Carrieton ; Quorn ;
Woolshed Flat (Dist. N).
Kochia lobiflora, F. v. M. Carrieton; Hawker; Quorn.
Appendages of the perianth always bifid, often all bisected to
the base, so that there are ten distinct, obtuse, cuneate
appendages ;, stems ascending or erect.
Bassa echinopsila, F. v. M. Bentham describes this
plant as “glabrous and somewhat glaucous, or very rarely the
young shoots slightly pubescent.” Mueller, in his original
description (Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict., 11., 76), also calls it
“glabrous.” All my specimens are hairy, on the adult, as
well as the young parts. Those from Oodnadatta (Miss
Staer), Glen Ferdinand (8S. A. White), and one from Mount
Goyder, in. the Tate Herbarium, have villous leaves and
tomentose branches, although the hairs on the branches wear
off with age. In the more southerly specimens—Muinnipa
(Dist. Lor W; J. M. B.; Murrayville and Ouyen, Victoria (H.
B. Williamson)—branches and leaves are beset with numerous
but scattered hairs. The fruiting calyx varies greatly in the
hairiness of its clothing. It. is distinguished from that of
B. Birchu, F. v. M., by the summit much less hairy, two of
the five spines united near the base, and with a ridge marking
the line of union both on the summit and tube of the
perianth, also by its small size—5-7 mm. diam., including
43
the spines, as against 12 mm. diam. for the fruiting perianth
of B. Birchu.
B. longicuspis, F. v. M. This species grows as far south
as Hawker.
Kochia coronata, sp. nova (tab. 1X.). Fruticulus
humilis, ramis ascendentibus ramulisque lanuginosis, folis
linearibus 5-15 mm. lonygis 1 mm. latis appresso-villosis aetate
glabrescentibus, floribus solitarus confertis, strigmatibus 2,
perianthio fructifero conico 25 mm. alto dense sericeo-
villoso uno latere usque ad basin secto bast plano cir-
citer 4 mm. diametro ala rigidd ciliata integra IL mm, lata
cincto superne appendicem erectam coronmformem gerente,
perianthi lobis obsolescentibus recurvis.
South Australia—Mount Lyndhurst (Max Koch); Lake
Harry (W. Gill) ; Cootanoorinna Creek (R. Helms) ; Strzelecki
Creek (S. A. White).
New South Wales—-Warrego River (HE. Betche) ; Darling
River (Tate Herbarium).
This species has hitherto been regarded as a form of
K. ciliata, F. v. M., but the differences in the perianth, from
the bud onwards, seem to me sufficiently marked to justify ©
the creation of a new species. In KX. ciliata the perianth has
conspicuous deltoid lobes, which close over the fruit, and no
appendage except the narrow annular wing; in K. coronata
the lobes are minute, irregular, inconspicuous, and recurved,
while from the summit of the perianth rises a crown-shaped,
truncate appendage, which helps to protect the fruit, especi-
ally as the long hairs which spring from the sides of the crown
are curved over it and guard the opening at the top. The
narrow wing which encircles the base of the perianth may
be likened to a brim, so that, with this crown and brim, the
fruiting perianth of K. coronata resembles a diminutive hat.
An inspection of the figures on plate ix. will help to make
the difference between the two species clear. That K. ciliata,
as here delimited, is the species represented by the type there
is no doubt, as Professor Ewart was kind enough to lend me
some of the original specimens gathered by D. Hergolt, col-
lector of Babbage’s Expedition, in 1858, at Emu Springs and
Wonnomulla Water Hole, in the dry country lying to the
westward of the northern part of Lake Torrens. It was also
found by R. Helms (1891) at Cootanoorinna Creek, near the
Alberga River, together with A. coronata. Mueller’s original
description of A. ciliata (Rep. Babb. Exped., 20) says: —
“Calyx wingless, fringed with woolly-villose hair, its teeth
deltoid ; fruit-bearing calyx flat-depressed, orbicular, without
ribs.” Bentham, in the “Flora Australiensis,” v., 188 (1870),
£4
says troy Enwitiag sperianth, yen 7 stats Foe med «wh slong. sat
hairs, stately 2 lines diameter, including the annul ary WIRS} 0
Muslin; ia bit. sKenate She System of Néckonan Wl
(1885-8), says:—“‘Fruiting perianth much depr;
panded into a hard, horizontal, lobeless margin. Ai Les
ATE, gods descriptions of I, @(liate, but, do, not; cover K’.
COKQNAT Eh strstpohing, akon ot thes. atter, “SPectes JS, 18
plate, 58, of Mueller s\ Leanography of Australian Salsolacequs
Plants), (1889). te khis plate (drawa.by RB, «Grad, othe
branch, opythe cught,.figs;-d and.6, andthe rightchan
periantiygl &g,97 bepressnt A. corondta, The complete, plant
in ithe, .centre,,. of ithe, ‘Plate;and the lett: hand perianth, of
Fig. «« Toy BORE 30k Aa ali oo eI, specimen of A... cononatd
from. Cootanoorinna Creek, sh yp \ the. vwhele.. ‘plant; . which
stands i aes highs wit hong _ Short: ereet Stem an
pumerous | branche Heer sooutroonsicoD ; (If fo W) yrisH
Seana ean re Pe. ‘ey Seana)
oni Atacampséros )australiana, 5p. ore’ ( Me Xohg yf Stuf-
frutes succulentus glaber, rhizomatés;earnase « otuberifends
CaUbe (AT 62 ps AMbS,.6 guecunniee nds 0348 i rubellis,ifoldis,: (qvato-
laaer oldtis: conf extts xeressis L529 omen. Fongis 4-10 mar... qt
pilissti pularibus: Drevepusis _ floras, paucis, etiam, an sole HU
hadnfiprus s. spedicellis, tongs hausi hibewed oa6is, «ee re
HOSS Seniuissimds im sepadis, tnplesis,-stamnmyus, erpouter 2b Os
amtheris finrvisi oblangess| ne psula, obhonga OY MMos hoangds
elprear pr ‘har tee6Os iaen@ln; ad! basen; secedent es mesocar ple
ied: UP AbO: ID CINE LE SE: LA NERVES, setifaxmibs, pargll elas, consist
CNhe 2g Uornene sp | WERDK eegmnoste lad 9 ieMeUng Ue BALAN “MEM +
branacedm end beargit eae et nerve simplaces:(et, Libery
eun a uts alterna as acrnsinet Aete g Balun aati abort
ee
fh Pad pion ti Mo, aaa in pee 1913... i
Angas, J olinson! | also-;received, ‘specimens, from ay resident ,,of
Quoin, and: herbelieves that. they; came from,. the.ranges | near
Blinman,;} dt; grows ;easily,sinea,potofeven, [A } branch.which
has (heen, severed; fox; more thar; ao-month yall, throw, put
roots+tso-;that, at hashbeen } posstble;;te keep, it; under observa:
tion.-o Andeampseros is 3a genus +ihitherta: limited; to Cape
Colony, raid as,ouryplant does mot agree with; any, described
speciesy; it] must;che, Considered indigenous, to Armstralia,.,, ‘The
new sspeciesomight, berplaced, in the; seabion.. Lele phiastrum, of
apna His Were: at, nob: aia i Bef sR are; Beene On is
Rt de
neveri-seeny the ts a Aclousty ie open more, heal
ways [arte [usually ;theys- appear. apt to, open, at (all, gand Ahe
45,
petals are not .seen unless the flower, is forcibly. expanded.
The remarkable capsule of Anacampseros has been described
as consisting only of epicarp, and, endocarp,. but it seems to me
that the white bristle-like parallel nerves, on which the three
membranous valves’ of the endocarp are spread, are really
a hardened, interrupted mesocarp, and, of course, the three
solitary nerves, which alternate with valves, “belong to,
the same layer: of the pericarp... The membranous valves can
easily be. separated. from the nerves, which number 3-4’ to
each: valve, with. a few finer, lateral nerves, some ‘of. which
anastomose. near the ‘summit. othe. plant: appears | to ‘be rare,
and. AS. Probably. very local in ats: distribution.
rit he Gavot stew CRUCIFERAE. +
2. Blennodia inisedtas) ee -Walloway (Dist: N.. :
io. hMsymbriam: er ysimoides; Desf. Quorn; Hawker. Petals
yellow; ripe’ :pods: diverging horizontally from the. rhachis.
Growing thickly about. the railway. station ‘at Quorn, and else-
where* ear the ‘town. ‘Apparently'‘the first: record of this
weed : in: Australia.” Spain, wNorth Africa, Arabia, Persia, «
-.Geoeoccus pusillus, ey Morehard ; Carrieton Mist.
Ny: Hawker (Dist. 8). Q 3
: Menkea wustralis, aii - Warren Gorge,. near. Quorn
Genes of Dists. Nand S)) .otn
VSI “*Diplotaxis | tenuifotia,, DC» efeure: Pocedoulas! Burn:
side. “This weed was first recorded at Port Lincoln.”
~Thilaspi'cochlearinum, F..v.-M. Hawker. Pod shortly
winged and notched at: the summit, as also in the specimens
from ‘Lake Torrens Plain and: Hookina in the Tate Herbarium.
ULB afl 8 sa dhuiaeka bas aL Le 1 de37 . 200)
iN, deriminata, SE. eM ‘Reader. 'Carrieton ; Woolshed
Plat. ‘gee eT pee ay
Cy Pe ee
Exes NOSAE.
Acacia. Oswaldii, ee a4 M.’ “Warren, Gorge, near Quorn
(winder of Dists. N and 1m ‘
Acacia Menzelii, Sp. “nova, (tab. xj. Fruten valde
glutinosus, ramulis cylindraceis ob pilos “minutos scabridis,
phyllodiis cylindricis 15-30, mm. Tongis vir 1 mm. diametro
rugudrs . exectiusculis obtusis.. plus minus curvatis 6-sulcatis,
sulers, fuscis TESINOSIS,. pedunculis. monocephalis geminis ‘ged
distinctis: rarius. “solateriis 3-5 mm. longis glabris, capitulis
eirciter, 25- -floris, floribus pentameris, bracteolae lamind ovata
concavad acuminata, calycis, lobis obtusis ciliatis tubum sub-
aequantibus,. petalis, liberis striatis calyce ‘semel longioribus,
legumans walang 25-80 mms Jongis 2-3 mm. latis extus
46
glutinosis inter seminibus vie angustatis maryine incrassatis,
seminibus nondum inventis.
Belongs to the section Cantal toriee but differs from
other species in its rather short and erect cylindrical phyllodes,
rounded at the summit, and without visible nerves, although
the resinous fillings of the narrow, longitudinal furrows have
the appearance of nerves. Collected in flower by the late
Mr. O. E. Menzel, on August 8, 1897, at Monarto. The
specimens were preserved in his herbarium, which was after-
wards purchased by the South Australian Government. They
were submitted to the inspection of Mr. J. H. Maiden, who,
recognizing that they were a new South Australian species,
was good enough to transmit them to me for description.
The only other specimens I have seen were found by Mr.
H. H. D. Griffith, somewhere in the neighbourhood of Murray
Bridge, at Christmas, 1909. These contained two pods, oi
which only one valve remained in each case, and the seeds.
had fallen. Since the above was written, Miss A. McMahon,
public school teacher at Monarto South, has re-discovered this
plant in flower. She writes (August 17, 1917):—‘The shrub.
is 3 feet in height, of loose growth, and growing on a hillside
about a mile from this school on the road between Monarto
and Mobilong. Only two bushes have been seen by us.”
Acacia Bynoeana, Benth. (pl. x1.). Bowhill (V. R:
Murphy). Flowering September, 1916; fruiting February,
1917. The flowerheads are very numerous and bright yellow.
Mr. Murphy writes:-—‘‘The bush is about 6 feet high, with
branches spreading about 5 feet each way. The stems are.
about the thickness of a man’s thumb.” This species, origin- |
ally described from specimens collected on the North-western
Coast of Australia and in the Gulf of Carpentaria, has already
been recorded for South Australia, Victoria, and New South
Wales by Mr. J. H. Maiden, in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales,
xlix., 501 (1915). He quotes the following note supplied by
Mr. W. Gill, our Conservator of Forests: —“It is very com-
mon in the Parilla Forest, and all about the mallee scrub over
a wide extent of the Pinnaroo district, which lies between
Tailem Bend on the west’ and the Victorian border on the
east.’ I have received from Mr. H. B. Williamson, of
Ballarat, Victorian specimens collected at Murrayville and
Negallo. The existence of this species at the western end of Lake
Amadeus, Central Australia, is also recorded by Mueller and
Tate in their lst of plants collected by Tietkens in 1889 (these
Trans., xiii., 100). | This handsome shrub is distinguished
from its near allies (of which A. Menzel is one) by its
golden-pubescent peduncles, which are really racemose, for,
although only twin, or solitary by abortion, they spring from
47
a very short common rhachis. The pods and seeds bear con-
siderable resemblance to those of A. rzgens, A. Cunn. The
calyx, which is half the length of the petals, has rather thick
lobes, and after flowering it often becomes hardened and
persistant at the base of the pod. Captain 8. A. White was
informed that the seeds form part of the food of the mallee
hen (Leipoa ocellata). A. Bynoeana has been previously
figured in Mueller’s Iconography of Australian Acacias,
decade 3, t. l.
Swainsona phacifolia, F. v. M. Carrieton and Orroroo:
standard -brick-red with yellow base; stipules broad,
acuminate, often with 1 or 2 teeth; leaflets broadly cuneate,
truncate-apiculate or almost 3-toothed at apex. Hawker:
standard orange, striped with red, yellow at base, keel red;
stipules similar, but leaflets longer, oblong-cuneate, obtuse
or notched, the terminal one the longest (nearly 2 cm.).
Hundred of Booyoolie: standard orange, wings and keel
scarlet; stipules smaller; leaflets lnear-cuneate, obtuse or 3-
toothed at. apex. The specimens from Hawker and Booyoolie
have a small, semicircular callus at the top of the claw, but
I think the specific significance of calli on the standard of
Swammsona has been exaggerated. All the specimens have
the teeth of the calyx shorter than its tube, the wings ciliate
on the middle of the upper margin, and the style somewhat.
twisted to one side.
*Astragaius hamosus, L. This Mediterranean plant
appeared to be fairly numerous on the plain near Hawker.
First record for South Australia.
*Trifolium cernuum, Brot. Mount Gambier (A. Kiesel-
bach). This Mediterranean clover has not previously been
noticed in our State, although it was found in Western Aus-
tralia some years ago.
RUTACEAE.
Microcybe pauciflora, Turez. As Mueller remarks, in
Fragm., 1x., 107, this is a very variable species. Specimens
from Port Lincoln, Yeelanna, and Tooligie have spreading
linear leaves, bright-yellow flower-heads 7-8 mm. in diameter,
glabrous petals, and filaments densely villous in the lower
half. Specimens from the West Coast of South Australia
(exact locality not given) and from Murrayville, Victoria
(H. B. Williamson), have shorter, erect, obcuneate leaves,
rather cordate at base, smaller heads, petals drying brown
and perhaps white when fresh, ciliate with long intricate
hairs on the lower margins, and glabrous filaments. This
may be var. baccharoides, F. v. M., but I am inclined to
think it should be treated as another species. Diels and
Pritzel, speaking of Western Australia, say the flowers of
48
M. pauciflora’ are white which ki a phe not agree’ with
‘our psc specimens. on SYS!
: re Od ae. AMN ACEAE.
Spyr aa i phleeophull LM, ey i . Me -Pichirichi. Pass,
between. Woolshed Flat. and. Quorn: . This shrub, peculiar. to
numerous.. “The ie Ses in. the “Borat Australiensis”
as Range), lies about 50 miles further north. | 13h
1 “ops y ane. hy ‘3 with the type
S 4] f du ‘j
Kochia coronata, n. sp. ee ‘a br ot specimen. wm aagish
ing perianth. 10, fruiting perianth, 11, vertical section of
fruiting perianth, 12, fruiting® “perianth, seen from. above, with
oe crown ut! awayvand tie hairs removeds 9 wih ac
caro dtiw .[suvans viloow zesl 10 stom s “ov gH bits fotsit
eigenruo-enoldo zovaal . (BEATE ; me G&-G enigae (DL9988 ‘to
shes Anacanipseres:, eer ENE Ne SP dsc stamens | ay pasta; in
the. bud, (sepals and, petals removed), 2,, ripening, fruit, imme
diately after the sepals have fallen, showing: — {te F
colourless; Pa) a and forming. a hood. around. “upper half
of capsule ; é 2 ‘of the, 2 ‘valves “of. the papery, or almost
coriaceous € eats separating ‘from the ‘baise ~ upwards: é, part “ot
the bristly mesocarp and membranous endocarp; d, place 0:
attachment of epiearp se. place of attachtient of ‘petals: and sepals.
3, open capsule after the petals and epicarp have fallen.U 4,iseed
5;2longitudinat section sofiseed. 6, ttarbér .and young ighdobo\
ee
4
(4 g2i) es!F bedeloo 7/7 Prater ad. | wie gaat ty
le Menzelii;/n. sp. - Ugrdtanch: 52, summit, of. ilies
3;,Valve5jof pod. A,; HATER eectinn, of PHIM: 58 AoE
6. bracteele. Beis SO Alo nae es eee
Acacia, Bynoeana, ( ante ne - ytapelnee 78,7 SAaveae ed
bracteole: 10, summit of phstlode 11, bate ves 2, transverse
sections of 2. phyllodes.. uh Seed 7 velol ns aren ee
> es f
Py ~
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Fe ‘ wa : i a
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r ‘ f ¥ ¥
ff f f rf ri OE as Gt i i
a f = ¥ f = ff rd < E E 7
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f a = . a | aS. g S ¢ «
i } (LOMiTi< 2 EB ER IF? f EI Li Bis BB U tie & Ree
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| f S| 3. Ge | fi 4 if Met ft 3 Od 4ft'>
a RE Hi f Few 2 - : a}! ates
if i | i “AT! pil e C3 fii f y 5) { rds {fo r red
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htc aN Mase KAGIIA LS eg GH ie Ol MRIMBr Ts Lge a eet
«ba
~TUUF 7
Be aces} of ee 6 SPE it: Bae ted Sa
froornros - AA S¥9 L¥ SPYWWIDVD. WEDS 6994
SoME MOTHS FROM LORD‘ HOWE AND NORFOLK
stan DS, IN THE. (SOUTH, AUSTRAL Lt \N MUSEUM.
KYO ft PA bcs Wb ah oss 8 " Oya ew VERY Wi TRA
* j i : : é Ty. 3 yy rr A eryator Ci
sibat bas ieee ! oF mnesited! Torstse) M . REUSE 2 Oisvesat
: slamexe snO lieth ows: ae io eRe: at ae oy gg |
wllougy' i
[Read June a4, wer)" pe se a
BS fer OR? ae | 2 yesEPar\ WSL NYT Y oy
mor in pe! foto lig" Species. of moths were: “taken yan R.
‘Lea on a recent collecting trip’ to Biota Etdwe abd Norfo k
Islands and were sent for defefiifitvatidn Y— 9? >
Front: Lord’ Howe | Eslaind. m3
‘aie Famili’ ‘ARCTTADAE. “* Mio was ac:
Me ov. gen. aay Cb Sp. Bight examples... F
Calamidia, n. sp. .Two, male, ‘erate Neary allied
to the Australian, Calamedia. UA OG a RSI Rt
Philenora, n. sp. One; example. ¢ a ae
ee ty
-O 2 Regs A, olq mrs Wh YY AON ase
pee AS <*Paiily NOCTUIDAE ee gk ged
1 brs ecitdsi silico ef f99de BIND
Spoe lnptera.. Meith, Bay. One, example, "Common
agora the Eastern tropics: eho ad olden aa
Sericea spectans, Gu. _One nee Decrenen in the
coastal regions of Quebiisland and New ‘South Wales.
Ophideres salantunla, Fab. One’ example. Common in
Quéenslandsand ° throughout. the: Qriental regiows Bive: examples: c;- . igteoo laced
Fay , Hypena;, sylpha,- Buth. 5.Two examples. ‘i Ty aknow: ‘this
species. only. from Southern -SQasensland.) where at does not
a to be common. ‘eibb >in eg tat en [Iso
lee | Faint" GEOMETRIDAE” ree ia ee
aN i adil ia? Gs Sp. One female. example. Bh oe Pure Bae As
Boarmia inflexaria, Snel. One female to silat ~ Also
from ose wayne eae, andathe sein Rehinsula.
(Si i Speak 78 (2): sp. ‘One female exam, ae
[ la E fa afer + . 2 SI AGE %
ToieG bres sost : 299 YRA ies erie eta
ze10cdT iS Co. y.P ‘LIDA deidicle
.G Sis iy Y il Ris x
- dei) Mmpenacis gt Wks: One eaat praia: ne Nery; com-
mon, apeeaes in Queensland. and New, South, Walege- sciista:
r Lis , Virathgha,..rufivena,,., Wik, .-One: male, ae ae
own, from, Queensland,..N ew. Guinean eae Ceylems: and
Om
lias. oa 5 +1 7! fe é
ne P4sotoescnos + te blot no tob & : t bus 4 18 atob fsiz00:/4 ik
ak Ad -) ~\
54
Scenedra decoratalis, Wik. One example. A common
species in Eastern Australia.
Diplopseustis perieralis, Wik. One example. Also from
Eastern Australia, New Zealand, Borneo, Formosa, and India.
Trichophysetis cretacea, Butl. One example.
Macalla, n. sp. One example.
Acharana licarcisalis, Wik. Two examples.
Pyrausta cynaralis, Wlk. One example. Also from
Queensland, Ceylon, and India. |
Mecyna, sp. One example.
Family TINEIDAE.
Klaeonoma, a. sp. Seven examples.
Gracilaria, n. sp. One example. Near G. xylophanes,
Turn., from Queensland.
Hyponomeuta, sp. One example.
Hieroxestis omoscopa, Meyr. One example.
Erechthias, sp. One example.
Trichophaga tapetiella, Lin. One example. An intro-
duced species; the larva feeds on woollen fabrics and furs.
There are several other species of Tineidae which I hope
to be able to determine.
From Norfolk Island.
Family ARCTIADAE.
Gen. NeEsrorica, nov. (vyowwrtexos, belonging to an island).
Tongue well developed. Palpi slender, ascending, not
reaching vertex. Antennae in male bipectinate to apex.
Forewings ,with 2 from #, 3 and 4 long-stalked, 5 absent,
6, 7, 8, 9 stalked; or 6 connate with 7, 8, 9; 7 arising out of
8 beyond 9, 10 absent, 11 free. Hindwings in male without
basal costal expansion, 2 from #?, 3 and 4 coincident and from
angle of cell, 5 somewhat curved at base towards 3 but well
separated from it, 6 and 7 long-stalked, 8 anastomosing with
cell as far as middle.
Closely allied to Goniosema, Turn., but in this vein 6 of
forewings arises remote from 7, 8, 9. In the latter there is a
strong basal costal expansion in hindwings, but I do not lay
much weight on this. :
NESIOTICA CLADARA, N. sp. (kAadapos, fragile).
3d, 2; 17-18 mm. Head pale-fuscous; face and palpi
whitish. Antennae grey; pectinations in male 3. Thorax
pale-fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey, tuft whitish. Legs whitish ;
anterior pair grey. Forewings elongate-oval, costa gently
arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish with
shght pale fuscous suffusion ; markings fuscous; a dot on fold
at 4; costal dots at ¢ and 4; a dot on fold at 4+ connected with
55
first costal dot and with dorsum at 4: by some fuscous scales:
forming an imperfect oblique line; two dots near second costal
dot and in an oblique line with it; a fine strongly dentate
transverse line from } costa to before tornus; a second less
distinct line shortly beyond this, followed by some fine streaks
on veins, and a terminal series of dots; cilia whitish. Huind-
wings and cilia ochreous-whitish.
Two examples; one male in poor condition and the
female type. This interesting discovery is most nearly allied
to Goniosema anguliscripta, Luc., from Southern Queensland.
There is nothing akin to it known in New Zealand.
Family NOCTUIDAE.
Agrotis ypsilon, Rott. Three examples. Probably of
world-wide distribution.
Cirphis loreyi, Dup. Two examples. Generally dis-
tributed throughout the Eastern Hemisphere.
Cirphis umpuncta, Haw. Seven examples. Probably of
world-wide distribution.
Prodema hitura, Fab. Three examples. Universally dis-
tributed throughout the tropical and subtropical zones of the
Eastern Hemisphere.
Ariathisa, sp. One example.
Proxenus tenuis, Butl. Eight examples. Common
throughout Australia; not hitherto recorded elsewhere.
Hydrillodes lentalis, Gn. ‘Three examples. Common in
the Eastern tropics.
Hypena masurialis, Gn. Three examples. Common in
the Eastern tropics.
Family GEOMETRIDAE.
Chloroclystis latucostata, Wik. One male example, much
mangled but recognizable. A common Australian species ;
not hitherto recorded elsewhere.
AXanthorhoe sodaliata, Wik. Three male and five female
examples. One female is unusually small—expansion, 17 mm.
Another female is a slight aberration; there is a paler band
between basal patch and median area of forewing, and median
area is defined by a posterior pale suffusion. I mention this
as the female appears not to vary in Australia. This is a
common species in Eastern Austraha; not hitherto recorded
elsewhere. ;
Acidahia rubraria, Dbld. Four examples. Common, and
generally distributed in Australia and New Zealand.
Acidalia hypochra, Meyr. One female example. Com-
mon in Eastern Australia; not hitherto recorded elsewhere.
Boarmia, n. sp. One female example.
56°
[soz euoognt oF aan ly SPHINGLD NE, bas Job Isteoo es
et f pi Te pay ae :
steopy a He con vor SFO LEY We ‘Oe am ample. e HiSC OME 13 rouge:
y LO iy “fi 10C 7
out, ; Hie © ASE Gai Hethigph lide, Sia 3 [Yevpido ts mt bas 55
0592 : Saad Hen ) d ot steco * mort omil setevernstt
sisort oh ainee "f atti iy eae Von vitiode aril tomiserb
-beryt .lertidw 8 We >, Sitse Sue ae 8 DUS @tIevy M0
Crocydopora conigerell ae Ter
shee CS fe LOM5,
mon species. An; Austral ha, ag fae alan. ey a
ny Tmbus cuneifer Mus, Be aid mite: “SIX amples o MPT}
common im Hasterns fais lay ale gd BSG QR Kel AEA IPB
Hebrides @ ang Tonga, “A op mvond dt of ails geidtom et stedT.
Endotricha, ny Sp: Three cya Ee
Trichophysetis CHEEUEGC Eo sits aici Common
in Kas fern Austral a 3 2. also recor from Japan, A ae
ce nt vec
corty (t38id So: b Ne j POY
_, Diasemia,.sp. ee -two e mple Page 4
? Hymenia fascialis as Cr Pe welve | exaitiples, “OF ‘world.
wide, distribution,’ mm “‘tr6pical | “and ‘St tropical ‘regions. 3) aN
° Achaana tear sikatis! Wik. Two examples a Widely. dis-
tributed in the, warmer parts, of Asia a and / Auatialia and - in
o YUM GEN DM
the Poly yhesian islands. |
907 Seoparin, no Spi a Paes exam les.
sy
att 3 soranordds daca
eS Pa hs sie Bi sotesal
Family aajietnerite, 9 ge nant neh.
frormaproO Sig t , eM HST OWL
CPAs, A. SP. Qne, example,, tom 3 £ ile tien A tion abe rlt
: Loririst, Sp.,1Two, em: eexamples. ofa species\vesenibl nd
qT. divulsana, Wik., but with the whitish hindyyings plainly
strigulated, with, Manx soriT 6D ilninwanm nesqy ll
Schoenotenes, n. sp. One example. mi
Acroclita, n. sp. One example.
Hucosma plebganny, (Zoli: OHight!;examples. Common
throughout,, Australia ,and widely distrihuted | elsewher ey 10
doubt. artificially introduced... Agetoe ad ateqam
Polychrosis botrana, Schiff... . Three examples, 5 Common,
in.Kastern Australia sandy many: other \ parts, of, the, globe ;
introduced withthe grapevine,,,on,.which the; larya LEEW recs <9
“nal aura ploce allepieda,,. BEtods ORS ifemale 5 PLA RP
a Res ast Cenk
aeuyi {OTS MiSde Buk Sig
Si ie rrury
LSP GSS
Somil, Adrica and, Hpmaiiand sland ri aryae) iit ~ pods, "ae
oaeng and Cassia... Prabab bly. {eantieog# aqn elsesrat off e
habroost otvedtid tom :silestes A motes ai eatoeqe mormetoo -
Family TINEIDAE. ° eiscwaela:
s [ierowesbis omloseope, Meyr Sixlexamphes. Oceurs! com-
a abyos iar “A ustralia,s New Zealand, and! South (Afriee p
attached to thouses:! 811197 ane tyalf Tytloogys\ nsbe br E
»Tinve;!spoe> Bive examplesio Probably artificially intros
duced. slqetsze sismot onO .qe . psouimod
— -« . =?
ad
uniwolfot odd es. ig bos .doaiterb ef di tact eyse ,slqutsxs
taotshib VPOYOLES ei Bg AVEROT AMAT. dre DOPTERA.., onetetib
5 f TIBM Of PU hee 200 al HONG LFF!
bas yiior roi gov SS eR eeted 8 A ot a eRe
elt to tuoloo oft MLOT ER BA iar Hao Teer civ0% Ba yilrorisdeog tesbiw
-qseb bis wlikgos "tRe Sab Fa Sat SEp tit i: tasitefith eourwbciui
fed D
sodrorie tsdwentoe ent Briss ma 5 B MOI ME Sgssto
& bas . entoy ovsed qe i09Ge “TINE THAR) ro aed pWoleos 7
[suoisi2nsid ots asioece me aes xilste egurn ‘orot |
dino Sait ccrofubfamily, OECORHORIN AE.» - TBE 9 erat fi
Mr. E. Meyrick has kindly sent me some @iticisms® on
my paper 1 thes Proceedings (1916 » P.,' 333), jwhich arrived,
unfortalititely tcc" "PM \publication: T ‘propose to refer to
Peenidsis anal to, dle wvitie | Benebs cdad_ spébiés belonging to
-ehié ditéviph Pupil dior ite al Be presariaites. W-eostoo iqisa
auooeut xstodT yetg oacnedaA e2ead ebrawot. euo0o
sevooent #aat Boaikiriac smntal an THEMODRSIO< wi coenmobdA
Danas Ocbanklihn dnth earodesy ‘DMeyr. i des carpe Sees. Bo Waks,
S886 Por Meupildo somict .bsbayor zeqs ,borors vietsisbons
ghidaBer kinawin ise tet renphentsl ‘Turmn : 5 Prow!!diinnos Sbe : ~~
Wales, 19] 65. Pyethld cod q Isoiqs ogts! s ;sieos so bebnasixs
cori Mae-Meyrick points qub: that; (these; manies svefer toi tihe
same pSPCCHES! o desite sloiuq smooasbiti ms‘ enicirsis 09 209
ans Ash, New: South W. Ales Mount: Kesciasko (5 ,000:6;000
feet)-: Victoria: -Bexnshagys;, Warnagalo} Tasmaniac:: -Meutit
Wellington (1,000 feet). essooait sgilto
eno <.isdmevo% nat .&ephiesEs. : baslenosuQ—.dv\\
Mr. Meyrick writes: —‘“I think you are mistakemdn
regarding the termumation.tof evenytsasl'costal; it is really
indefinite, owing, torthe, obliquerrotnding \affi\of the apex (as
in, mostysstenomils = xyloryctids), -but,.at: Kepresents a, jnatur-
filly.apical termination, therefore, I; dig, pot adopt the genus;)’
T am disposed to admit that the affinities of the genus omay
be = the nage us an ee of vein 7
~thety
wine © is “pathbient Som ‘for ek ah kis aarp J 'ilo-
prepes, which, as heretofore constituted, toes not seem a
natural assemblage.n .AQHOHSOTGG AISHOSTY
ea fea Do aati aae nei ro)
AIT BdF bn lAofistgnd HOU, ae 2 bag Brit Mins, 's ‘yxix:, D.; st
= CSB fe Test Bigae. alee dentally dinitted: i aah
Rested tO. 928C SWOHSY ZERIT [ erorssitro
“OD
tent
(heat Bais Res “BObHTLA fi “oars ‘. Jadinos, ‘16¥ing’ the’ aed) *
; oNO9r BIBD 2s Me iat aisle a: ae 897 1-250
pout Pea aams. dor the Apectss. sleseribed by; me as
AGLEMs DINBEes MEY? Mt, Meypickiotocarhom Tyhave sent an
A
see! Oo
58
example, says that it is distinct, and gives the following
differences : —“The form of the forewings is distinctly different
{in pyrora], those of eophila being narrower anteriorly and
wider posteriorly as compared with pyrora, the colour of the
hindwings different, being orange-yellow in eophila and deep-
orange in pyrora, and the antennal ciliations somewhat shorter
in eophila than in pyrora. Both species have veins 2 and 3
of forewings stalked, but other alhed species are transitional
in this character.” Hophila is known only from New South
Wales (Ebor).
EPIPYRGA HEMIPHAES, n. sp. (jpidans, half-shining).
Q@, 14 mm. Head pale-ochreous, brownish-tinged.
Palpi ochreous-whitish, external surface of second joint fus-
cous towards base. Antennae grey. Thorax fuscous.
Abdomen fuscous; tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs fuscous ;
posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings not dilated, - costa
moderately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
pale ochreous-yellow; a small fuscous basal fascia, slightly
extended on costa; a large apical patch bounded by a very
slightly inwardly-curved line from % costa to 2 dorsum, fus-
cous, containing an iridescent purple streak along anterior
margin, and a similar nearly complete circular ring extending
from apex nearly to tornus; cilia fuscous. Hindwings and
cilia fuscous.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in November; one
specimen.
TRACHYNTIS DIAPHANES.
Eulechria diaphanes, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 207.
Mr. Meyrick refers my species to this genus. The term-
inal joints of the palpi are thickened, but very slightly
roughened.
EULECHRIA HOMOCHROA.
I have to record this species also from Queensland:
Brisbane, in April; Mount Tambourine, in January; Too-
woomba, in March and April. New South Wales: Sydney,
in March and April.
EULECHRIA DELOCHORDA, 0. sp.
(dnAoxopdos, with conspicuous line).
3, 9; 17-21 mm. Head deep yellow. Palpi yellowish,
second joint dark-fuscous externally except at apex. Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 14. Thorax yellow, base of patagia
dark-fuscous. Abdomen whitish; base of segments on dorsum
ochreous-brown; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs dark-fuscous ;
posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate, scarcely
dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen
59
obliquely rounded; ochreous-yellow; a broad dark-fuscous
costal streak from base to apex, increasing slightly in breadth
as far as 3, then diminishing; cilia pale ochreous-yellow, on
costa. dark-fuscous. Hindwings pale-grey; cilia whitish-
ochreous.
Hab.—Queensland: Toowoomba (Harlaxton Scrub), in
March and April ; abundant.
MACHIMIA MESOGAEA.
There is an omission of the hindwings in the description
of this species. It should conclude: —Hindwings pale-
fuscous, somewhat ochreous-tinged; cilia whitish-ochreous,
sometimes with pale-grey suffusion.
MACHIMIA COCCINEA, Nn. sp. (coccineus, red).
2, 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax red. Antennae
grey-whitish, towards base reddish. Abdomen pale-ochreous.
Legs pale-ochreous; anterior pair mostly, and middle pair
partly red. Forewings oblong, costa moderately arched, apex
rounded-rectangular, termen obliquely rounded; red slightly
tinged with ochreous ; without defined markings, but traces of
two discal dots and a posterior line are discernible; cilia pale-
reddish. Huindwings and cilia pale-ochreous without grey or
fuscous tinge.
Near moderatella, Wlk., but easily distinguished by the
ochreous hindwings.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns, in June: one specimen.
EULACHNA XANTHOSPILA, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1916, p. 257.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.
Dasycerca apocrypHa, Turn.: /.c., 1914, p. 555.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine; New South
Wales: Ebor.
M-ACHAERETIS HETEROPA, Turn.: /.c., 1914, p. 556.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.
MACHAERITIS CALLIPHYLLA, n. sp.
(kaAAipvAdos, with beautiful wings).
3d, 13 mm. Head yellow. Palpi yellow; second joint
irrorated with fuscous on external surface; terminal joint
with a subapical fuscous ring. Antennae fuscous with fine
yellowish annulations; ciliations in male 1. Thorax yellow.
Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous; tarsi annulated with ochreous-
whitish ; posterior pair wholly ochreous-whitish. Forewings
60:
yellow } nidrkings ‘purple-fuscous* a? iarrow loutwardly-curved
faseia ttrorn 7 bedta ste? 4p dorsumy snot oquiterweaching :dorsab
édge 4 He strata! bat complldte: faseial rats id ; ca thirds fasdias
picaddy awd nearly straight,2 fromP lcostae toodorsumm> befire
tornus ; an apical spot extending to mid-termen ; cilia ellow
with | ieht parple-fuscous! dvoratidn at” fag. 0-H nig
and cilia pale-grey. Jjosbauds :irqA bas dots
H ab.—Queensland: Caloundra ee one specimen.
stato firs! dg icUth,” Pree ‘spo fAiTCienUNS, termen-veryeobliquely
rounded. jo white, avith, ieneral .fuscous arroration; cesta, and
termen ochreous- -tinged; a triangular dark- -fuscpysyy Spek or
base of costa; four fuscous discal dots, first in dise at 4
second ‘iii: dise! ABbve? middle; lthire “or fold Tabligtilyibelow
and posterior to first, fourtltfin dis¢/Atdfo® suffised’ filscous
spot on costa beyond middle; cilia whitish-ochreous irrorated
with fuscous, apices whitishs!.Hindhigs danedélate ; whitish-
ary > cilia whxtishy basessectirdons tinged): /An»)
1a, saQucensland «| pM ounty i Sanpnowmne cre eseries, in
Oct CTscinrist :oostiye Ismteixs mo avooest dite bafitios
ont dtivy evoMACHARRETIS: CHALIGRABA,. Bt Poicadse s ts
swolloy YA etodTT (aA ck pamoses | pure; | uitimixed); ttelocos car ee ee
SOISS lng 143 hans! Hidad whitercower part of starssinrohallé
asconsi TPalpriwihitev ate sulfate of ssecondoFoint : frscous
62
except at: apex. ?Whtennae giey ; : éiliationg i in male noe Thorax
white? ’ Abdonien° > paleé grey.” Legs | ‘fuscous ; posterior pair
whitish: “Forewittgs white; “costal edge” at “Base: _dark- -fuscous
in’ ‘male ; cia white.” Hinéhwings and cilia grey: ie en
S10 H ab: ~Quebnslaird + “C6 ola ngatta, in ‘August ale type);
Brisbane; In Noyetiber » tivo spscitnens. So ass
See h eke bestest
Nes
r fi be =
erred : su pilde Yio
ft / acnaianents orveai, ed 8p.; ‘it Fan kiBHl, diastlyy
3 cS 29I€ tre OC it 5
ps aes 9-21 mm. .Head- ie ae ee face: whitish. ‘Palpic to
cous ;, second, joint ..with,-median- and apical, terminal, joarit
with sub-basal and subapical whitish rings.;5.Anterifiae. fus4
cous ; ciliations,in male 1.-. Thorax fuséous ; -apirces—of' patagia
whitish. Abdomen dark- -grey. Legs fuscous : tans? ci with
whitish annulations.,, -Korewings~ whitish, with much dark-
fuscous irroration, ; markings dark- fuscous ; an_ill-defined, basal
patch ;_ a discal . spot , at. 3, a. second slightly , beyond it on
told Hn third a tniddlé,* and ‘a “fourth” wat 3 35 ‘all. more. or less
connected by irroration’ “witht” ‘each 6 ther ‘and with: adjacent
éostal and’ “dorsal sy pots; i an ine ‘aeiaea apical Dloteh ; : ‘cilia
whitish | with dark- fudeo'dh" basal and median ‘lines. | _Hind-
wings and cilia’ pale- grey. eaten
Laa3 8 1 j-€ [etzo9 Bove fist {} 7
Tab. ->Queensland: “Bri fishaine, in| December + L polepanes
19 G 9UVD BO 1G hee PR Oe Se oe i 06 SS 8 8
Island, A ae ‘two Paves yee at Vat he EE
Lint 193 ‘8 ido Viptiswino sae ep POMES os att
Ss ré% oxVTONA), Tur) ne eBirbe. Linn. "Soe. Ni LS W ig
,2C 20t £
LL Ree ae
CBB -
, Hab. New, South, Wales: aie . Tae parte! : Wi
(sone TOC¥STOLA SYMBLETAS\Turne: L.c., 94, pe 556rote 790
ds. a Mens out AW ad bse Bhor. ‘pepe RPE T) > 'O
nies bossa :wollov-sleq :j#) teomsia base + et sie Peas
-alec | Dien Os. ens Ge a b. gpl B57. 2913340102
chor es Mieke sont Wales: Bbors mis vidisc2 wollsy
Brest gq to esend ~WOs ay-si sc Tee TOR eh ® yaa ret ermol GIS i
--G Oo¥STouA! pykocney ss jsMeyr! : : Pree. Linn: Soc. Nigoet
“pris sdaisitivw-ayo ~Wales|-1888; 299 “E663: Ts 229.1 “datsida
es Hab Qibenstaiid: Brisbane, in Cea is
bred -from ® ‘LabVaS livid n ave Forted ih- sO Rofl wy twi
The: ‘Jairval- habit. avn’ by bh ke “Meytigk (apparently not, on
his! owit authority) ‘must ‘be errppedus. |
OF Biz02 4 MOTI BiDzs1 ido 4 wil ,bsoid vitist B
fesitemratdie bord « Ricumdoce bywnecatei! ra [go2th. A -rettretob
sta epesiirh: RRA Pee Meyr 22 Pride. Tina? eB INES wie
1888,2 po h660;1 29 etlte a ee Serie yay ac YO Barrirtactwce Pee 1 :
-roddntenmél oiltétionyiaTmate'3!/ HinastispeI@ncedhite.
Hab. ee alana: Duaringa, Gladstone, Brisbane: °
62
OCYSTOLA PROSELIA, Nn. sp. (zpoonAwos, sunny).
3d, 12 mm. Head yellow. Palpi ochreous; terminal
joint fuscous. Antennae dark-fuscous; ciliations in male 4.
Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous, beneath
ochreous. Legs ochreous partly suffused with grey. Fore-
wings narrow, costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen
very oblique; bright-yellow; markings dark-fuscous; a
small basal fascia, connected by a costal streak with
a. large blotch, which occupies apical #2 of wing,
its anterior edge straight, transverse; cilia dark-fuscous.
Hindwings lanceolate ; fuscous, suffused’ with ochreous towards
base ; cilia fuscous.
Hab.—Queensland: Killarney, in November; one
specimen.
OcYSTOLA PACHYTHRIX, Nn. sp.
(rayvOprg, densely hairy, in allusion to the male antennae).
d, 15 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish.
Palpi dark-fuscous, inner surface of second joint whitish-
ochreous. Antennae dark-fuscous; ciliations in male 6. Legs
dark-fuscous, on ventral surface whitish-ochreous. Forewings
deep-yellow; markings dark-fuscous; a small basal fascia,
connected by a costal streak with a median fascia, moderately
broad, its anterior edge straight, shghtly inwardly oblique;
its posterior edge outwardly oblique; a terminal fascia con-
fluent with preceding on tornus; cilia dark-fuscous. Huind-
wings lanceolate; bronzy-fuscous ; cilia fuscous.
Allied to O. placoxantha.
Hab.—Victoria: Beaconsfield, in October ; one specimen.
OcYSTOLA ESTHLOPIS, n. sp. (éo6Awms, of good appearance).
3d, 9; 11-14 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi with term-
inal joint long and slender (%); pale-yellow; second joint
sometimes with a fuscous subapical ring. Antennae pale-
yellow sharply annulated with blackish ; in male serrate with
very long ciliations (6). Thorax pale-yellow, bases of patagia
fuscous. Abdomen grey; base and apical tuft ochreous-
whitish. Legs diark-fuscous; tarsi ochreous-whitish annu-
lated with dark-fuscous; posterior pair ochreous-whitish.
Forewings elongate; costa gently arched, apex rounded, ter-
men very oblique, scarcely rounded; pale-yellow, markings
dark-fuscous; a streak along costa from base to middle;
a fairly broad, inwardly oblique fascia from 4 costa to 4
dorsum ; a discal spot at 2, confluent with a broad subterminal
fascia ; cilia pale-yellow, at tornus grey. Hindwings lanceolate ;
erey-whitish, sometimes ochreous-tinged ; cilia concolorous.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in October;
SIX specimens.
63
OcYSTOLA IDIOSTICHA, n. sp. (idiocrtxos, with peculiar line).
3, 14-15 mm. Head and palpi pale-ochreous ; side-tufts
fuscous. Antennae pale-ochreous, towards base fuscous ; cili-
ations in male 3. Thorax and abdomen pale-ochreous. Legs
pale-ochreous; anterior pair slightly infuscated. Forewings
rather narrow, costa nearly straight, apex acute, termen
oblique ; pale-ochreous; a short basal costal fuscous streak; a
fuscous line from # costa to 3 termen, edged posteriorly by a
whitish line; a broad fuscous terminal line from apex nearly
to tornus; cilia pale-ochreous. Hindwings rather broadly
lanceolate ; pale-grey ; cilia whitish-ochreous or grey, at apex
darker.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in November; two
specimens.
OCYSTOLA PTOCHODES, n. sp. (zTwxwdns, shabby).
3, 92; 11-18 mm. Head _ whitish-ochreous. Palpi
ochreous-whitish mixed with fuscous. Antennae grey-whitish ;
ciliations in male 4. Thorax pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-
ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior and middle pairs
mixed with fuscous. Forewings narrow-elongate, costa
scarcely arched, apex acute, termen straight, oblique; pale
ochreous-fuscous ; a faintly suffused darker spot in disc at % ;
and a greyish suffusion along termen; cilia ochreous-yellow,
at apex and anal angle pale ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings
elongate-ovate; ochreous-whitish or pale-greyish; cilia
ochreous-whitish.
Allied to O. acroxantha, Meyr., but a duller species,
readily distinguished by the ochreous head.
Hab.—-Queensland: Brisbane, from September to March ;
rather common.
OcYSTOLA ACROCOSMA, N. sp.
(axpoxoouos, with apical ornament).
2, 12 mm. Head whitish-grey; face whitish-ochreous.
Palpi whitish-ochreous; terminal joint dark-fuscous.
Antennae whitish-grey. Thorax whitish-ochreous. Abdomen
grey, sides and apex ochreous-whitish. Legs grey mixed with
ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa scarcely
arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; whitish-
brown-ochreous; a faintly darker discal dot in middle, a
second at }, and a third on fold below and anterior to first ;
a broad dark-fuscous band at apex, not reaching tornus;
cilia orange-ochreous, on tornus grey. Huindwings lanceolate ;
pale-grey ; cilia grey.
Somewhat like O. acroxantha, but forewings are pale in
colour, and less acute at apex, and the orange cilia extend
round the apex.
G4
i Hab Queensland 2+ Mount:?Tambourire,! ain + November
a: February s tie Speeimens; of whieh) one isan voll. Meyrick.
Ocvsroia 'SANTHOL OMA, nh: “sp, ” (arbohopeps, ‘yellow. bordered).
vey ; 41:160nm. (Head, thorax, spadpi,: and. antennae
! ital Aahentiabasliasires in mate::5.;}zAbdomen: ochreous-
svhitishs: »cbegst greyoannulated ‘with, -white!;o-posterior» pair
white: {+ Forewings: elongate;> costa; moderately: :arched,: capex
acute; termen: obliqué, ‘sinuate: beneath apex!; :pale: brownish-
otey x; (towards base, suffused: with owhitish ¢: faintly. darker
discal; dotssat 4, before’4;-arid:.on fold obliquely. beyond first;
hindmarginal ‘edge purplish-fuscous; cilia bright-yellowi: sat
apex and’ tornus pale byowniishyprey . viEadwings esi
ovate ; ochreous-whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Be tfonrrios
In Meyrick’s tabulation this falls with 0. anthera, pe
has pale: othreous-yellow forewings. qon20T¢ AtoTey9O
icisGH abi Queens! and): Dnaubiail November ; ~. three
specithens rz vai pA .erooent doiw a ey ass -EN 09790
OeYStO LA bHatrorrs, th ‘sp. eaxasee of meat dppelitaice)
steno Oat Sociol h Obs coment whitish, pelireons, Palpi
ockr eous-wHitish, mixed wate dark-fuscous;, second. joint. swith
loose projecting scales at japex.;;- Antennae ochreous- -whitish,;
in, (male.,.with,, long. cilations -(6)f; ‘
ochreous, posteriorly whitish. Antennae grey; ciliations in
(is
male 3. Abdomen grey-whitish, sometimes ochreous tinged.
Legs fuscous mixed with whitish; posterior pair ochreous-
whitish. Forewings not dilated, costa rather strongly arched,
apex pointed, termen obliquely rounded; ochreous; costal
edge at base very narrowly fuscous; cilia ochreous. Hund-
wings and cilia grey.
Very similar to the preceding, of which I should have
supposed it to be a smaller local race, but for the longer
antenna! ciliations. Paler examples are very easily confused
with FLulechria homochroa, Turn., but here, independently
of the termination of vein 7, which is often difficult to deter-
mine with certainty, the antennal ciliations are much shorter.
fTab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island, in October and
January: Coolangatta, in October; four specimens.
CoESYRA SPORETA, 1. Sp. (azopytos, sown, sprinkled).
3, 17-18 mm. Head grey-whitish. Palpi whitish with
sparse fuscous irroration. Antennae grey-whitish; ciliations
in male 1s. Thorax grey-whitish, posteriorly ochreous tinged.
_ Abdomen pale-grey. Legs whitish irrorated with fuscous ;
posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded; whitish-ochreous sparsely irrorated with fuscous ;
cilia whitish-ochreous, apices fuscous. Hindwings grey-
whitish; cilia ochreous-whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Townsville, in September; two
specimens, from Mr. F. P. Dodd.
ARISTEIS HEPIALELLA.
Oecophora hepialella, Wik.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxx., p. 1033.
3, 9;19-25 mm. Head orange-brown. Palpi ochreous-
whitish; terminal joint fuscous externally and anteriorly.
Antennae fuscous. Thorax golden-yellow, with an orange-
brown median streak. Abdomen fuscous, apices of segments
paler; beneath ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous; anterior
tibiae and tarsi reddish-orange; middle tibiae reddish on
upper-surface. Forewings moderate, oblong, posteriorly
dilated, apex obtusely rectangular, termen rounded, slightly
oblique: golden-yellow partly, sometimes almost wholly
suffused with red; an oval outwardly-oblique spot from just
above dorsum at 4 reaching to half across disc, shining snow-
white, edged with orange-fuscous; a small triangular snow-
white spot on dorsum before tornus; a broad purple-fuscous
bar from centre of disc at 2 to tornus; its posterior edge
suffused with reddish ; a narrow reddish line along termen ; cilia
purple-fuscous. Hindwings dark-fuscous; cilia pale ochreous-
fuscous, with a fuscous basal line, sometimes wholly fuscous.
76
A very distinct but rather variable species. Type in
British Museum. The larvae form spiral cases of leaf-
fragments, feeding on eucalyptus saplings.
Hab.—-Northern Territory: Port Darwin, in February ;
Queensland: Herberton, in January ; Townsville, in January ;
Brisbane, in Novereiee
PLEUROTA CHRYSOPEPLA, Nn. sp. (ypvoore7Xos, in golden robe).
3, 17 mm. Head yellow. Palpi yellow, lower half of
second joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 1.
Thorax fuscous, tegulae and patagia yellow. Abdomen fus-
cous. legs fuscous; posterior pair paler; tarsi with whitish
annulations. Forewings dilated posteriorly, costa gently
arched, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique; yellow
with lustrous-golden reflections; a fuscous costal streak from
base to 4+, on costal edge mixed with white; a fine white
median streak from near base to median fasciae; a similar
streak on fold; a fuscous streak on dorsum from base to
median fasciae; two narrow dark-fuscous fasciae mixed with
some white scales, inwardly oblique and rons parallel, first
from mid-costa to mid-dorsum, second from } costa to beyond
? dorsum; a white subterminal line, edged posteriorly with
dark- fuscous, ending rather below middle of disc; cilia fus-
cous. Hindwings and cilia fuscous. |
Hlub.—Queensland: Stanthorpe, in October; one
specimen.
PLEUROTA LEUCOGRAMMA, 0. sp.
(Aevkdypappos, inscribed with white).
d, Q; 17-18 mm. Head and thorax grey, more or less
mixed. with whitish. Palpi dark-grey mixed with white,
more so on internal surface ; external surface of terminal joint
white. Antennae grey; ciliations in male 1. Abdomen grey ;
bases of segments ferruginous-brown. Legs fuscous; posterior
pair pale-grey. Forewings grey with more or less whitish
irroration or suffusion, often forming longitudinal streaks ;
some dark-fuscous scales in posterior part of disc, sometimes
forming short longitudinal streaks; cilia grey more or less
mixed with whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey.
Variable in the extent of whitish suffusion.
Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, in November; Brisbane,
in December; Southport, in December; Stanthorpe, in
February ; five specimens.
PLEUROTA GYPSOSEMA, n. sp. (yuvoonpos, chalk-marked).
@, 14-15 mm. Head white. Palpi white, anterior edge
of terminal joint and basal half of second joint fuscous.
(a
Antennae grey. Thorax fuscous with a white anterior spot.
Abdomen grey. Legs whitish-ochreous; anterior pair fuscous.
Forewings elongate, costa gently arched, apex acute, termen
strongly oblique; fuscous; a large white blotch on dorsum
from base to beyond middle, separated by a fuscous streak
from costa, its posterior edge outwardly oblique; costal edge
white ; a fuscous discal dot at 4, and a second at 4, with an
elongate white spot between them; a white blotch beyond
second discal spot extending from costa to middle of disc;
a white dot on dorsum before tornus; an interrupted white
subterminal line; cilia fuscous, apical halves white except. on
costa, apex, and tornus, dorsal cilia ochreous-whitish. Hind-
wings and cilia grey.
Hab. —Queensland : Nambour, in October; Mount Tam-
bourine, in October and November ; Killarney, in November ;
eleven specimens, all females.
PLEUROTA EPITRIPTA, n. sp. (ézitpirtos, rubbed, worn).
3, 13-14 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish-
ochreous, external surface of second joint except apex, and
most of terminal joint, fuscous. Antennae grey; ciliations
in male 1. Thorax fuscous irrorated with whitish-ochreous.
Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous.
Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex
acute, termen strongly oblique; pale-fuscous densely irrorated
with whitish-ochreous ; a short inwardly-oblique fuscous streak
from tornus; cilia pale-fuscous irrorated with whitish-
ochreous. Hindwings and cilia grey..
In worn specimens the whitish-ochreous irroration may
be much denuded. Although so dissimilar I have a suspicion,
but no positive evidence, that this and the preceding may be
sexes. They are both “scrub’’ insects, and taken in similar
localities.
Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, in September; Mount
Tambourine, in November; Coolangatta, in September and
October ; ten specimens, all males.
PLEUROTA LEUCONEURA, N. sp. (AevKovevpos, white-nerved).
Q, 20-21 mm. Head white. Palpi dark-fuscous; upper
surface of second joint white. Antennae whitish, towards
apex grey. Thorax dark-fuscous mixed with whitish.
Abdomen whitish. Legs greyish-fuscous; posterior pair
whitish. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex
acute, termen straight, very oblique; whitish irrorated with
dark-fuscous, which forms dark streaks between veins; cilia
whitish with a median grey line. Hindwings whitish; along
termen whitish-grey ; cilia whitish with a grey line near bases.
78
Allied to P. tephrina, Meyr., distinguishable by the
white head and hindwings.
Hab.—Victoria: Gisborne ; two specimens, taken in April
by Mr. G. Lyell.
CoRETHROPALPA MELANONEURA.
k Saropla melanoneura, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1884, p. 744.
Corethropalpa falcata, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 28.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; New South Wales:
Sydney ; Shoalhaven.
PROTOMACHA LEUCOPHARA, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1914, p. 558.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.
PROTOMACHA CATHARA, Turn.: /.c., p. 559.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.
PROTOMACHA ANTHRACINA, Nn. sp. (av6paxuvos, coal-black).
Q, 14-17 mm. Head black; face with a few white scales.
Palpi black irrorated with white. Antennae black. Thorax
black. Abdomen grey, bases of segments on dorsum ochreous-
brown. Legs dark-fuscous irrorated with whitish; posterior
pair grey irrorated with whitish. Forewings not dilated,
costa rather strongly arched, apex acute, termen sinuate
oblique; black with fine white streaks and a few scattered
white scales ; two fine parallel streaks from base to 4 disc, the
lower sometimes double; sometimes a fine subcostal streak,
and another on fold running into dorsum; cilia black with
several fine white bars. Hindwings and cilia grey.
Worn examples are merely fuscous, and the white mark-
ings lost.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October and February ;
Stradbroke Island, in November and January; Southport, in
February ; six specimens.
PROTOMACHA STRAMINEA, 0. sp. (stramineus, straw-coloured).
3d, 12 mm. MHead pale-ochreous. Palpi_ whitish-
ochreous, second joint with basal half and a subapical ring
dark-fuscous. Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male not
quite 1. Thorax pale-ochreous. Abdomen grey. Legs
whitish-ochreous; anterior pair grey. Forewings rather
narrow, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded ; pale-ochreous; an erect fuscous line from
tornus reaching slightly beyond middle of disc; cilia with
basal half pale-ochreous, apical half grey. Hindwings and
cilia pale-grey.
79
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in November; one
specimen.
7 ATHEROPLA PSAMMODES.
Saropla psammodes, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 211.
only known. Extremely similar to A. melichlora,
but the dot on fold is distinctly posterior to first discal dot ;
there is an additional subcostal discal dot beyond the first,
and the postmedian discal dot is double.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane.
ANTIOPALA EBENOSPILA, n. sp. (€Bevoamdos, with ebony spots).
3, 12-14 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish, basal % and
a subapical ring on second joint, a sub-basal ring and extreme
apex of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations
in male 5. Thorax whitish, a spot on base of palpi partly
dark-fuscous, partly ochreous. Abdomen whitish, bases of
segments sometimes ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous; tibiae
and tarsi annulated with ochreous-whitish ; posterior pair
ochreous-whitish. Forewings narrow, costa gently arched,
apex round-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-
whitish with some ochreous-fuscous irroration; markings
black; a basal costa! dot and another on dorsum near base ;
a spot on 4 costa, and another larger on mid-costa; a dot in
disc at 4, a second beneath it on fold sometimes connected
suffusedly with dorsum, a third below middle, a fourth before
‘2; a line of dots from # costa, angled inwards beneath costa,
and continued close to termen to tornus; cilia ochreous-
whitish. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia grey.
The second joint of palpi is shorter than in the type
species, A. tephraea, Meyr., otherwise it agrees. There is no
antennal pecten.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in September ;
Southport, in August; four specimens,
Gen, TRACHYZANCLA, nov.
(tpaxvéayKAgs, with rough sickles [palpi]). .
Palpi with second joint very long (about twice length of
face), slightly roughened anteriorly, posteriorly towards apex
expanded with long rough hairs; terminal joint about {,
slender. Antennae with moderate basal pecten ; in male with
rather long ciliations. Thorax smooth. Forewings with 2
and 3 stalked, 7 to termen.
Allied to Chezala, from which it differs in the peculiarly
roughened palpi. The type species in its peculiar colouring
shows a remarkable resemblance to Hochrois magniferella, a
species which is structurally very different, and inhabits the
furthest extremity of the continent.
80
TRACHYZANCLA HISTRICA, n. sp. (histricus, like an
| _ | aeter or imrtator). 7
3, 20mm. Head whitish. Palpi pale-reddish ; terminal .
joint whitish with fuscous apex. Antennae pale-grey, at base
whitish; ciliations in male 3. Thorax whitish spotted with
pale-reddish. Abdomen grey, apices of segments and tuft
whitish. Legs whitish; anterior pair grey; anterior coxae
and femora reddish. Forewings moderately elongate, not
dilated, costa gently arched, apex acute, termen slightly
sinuate, oblique; whitish with four fasciae, fuscous and well
defined posteriorly, reddish and suffused anteriorly ; first from
near base of costa, outwardly oblique, becoming indistinct
before dorsum; second from 4 costa to 2 dorsum, nearly
straight; third from % costa to tornus, more fuscous with
less reddish admixture; fourth from 2 costa to termen above
tornus, reddish posteriorly as well as anteriorly; a reddish
subapical spot edged above and beneath with fuscous; cilia
whitish, reddish tinged, at apex narrowly reddish-fuscous.
Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-grey.
/Tab.—-Western Australia: Cunderdin, in December; one
specimen, from Mr. R. Iilidge.
CHEZALA ABSONA, 0. sp. (absonus, out of tune).
2, 16mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi pale-ochreous,
lower % of external surface of second joint fuscous. Antennae -
pale ochreous-grey. Thorax dark-fuscous; a small posterior
pale-ochreous spot. Abdomen dark-fuscous. Legs pale-
ochreous ; anterior pair slightly infuscated. Forewings rather
narrow, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen straight, oblique ; dark-fuscous with ochreous-
whitish markings; a large quadrangular spot on dorsum near
base reaching # across disc; a moderate fascia from mid-
costa to before tornus, expanded on costa, somewhat con-
stricted below middle; a small subapical costal spot; a larger
subterminal central spot; cilia fuscous, apices grey. Huind-
wings and cilia grey.
Very different in appearance from other species, but
agreeing structurally.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Daly River, in February ;
one specimen, from Mr. G. F. Hill.
CHEZALA ALEURIAS, n. sp. {aXevpov, flour).
3, 15-17 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish, some fuscous
scales on outer surface of second joint. Antennae grey,
towards bases white; ciliations in male 6. Thorax
white. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish ;
81
anterior pair except coxae dark-fuscous. Forewings oval,
costa moderately arched, apex rounded; termen obliquely
rounded; white: markings fuscous; a median discal
dot at 4, a second before #, and a third on _ fold
_below and posterior to first; an inwardly-curved, rather
broad streak from before apex to second discal dot; cilia
fuscous-whitish. Hindwings ovate-lanceolate; whitish; cilia
whitish. |
©, 18-20 mm. As male, but forewings with markings
less distinct, and with more or less general fuscous irroration,
the apical streak obsolete.
Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda, from September to Novem-
ber, and again in April; a series, received from Mr. F. P.
Dodd.
CHEZALA SILVESTRIS, n. sp. (stlvestris, of the woods).
3g, 15-18 mm.; 9, 18-24 mm. Head ochreous-whitish.
Palpi whitish ; second joint fuscous except at apex. Antennae
grey-whitish; cilations in male 234. Thorax pale-grey.
Abdomen whitish-grey. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior pair
fuscous. Forewings not dilated, costa moderately arched,
apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; ochreous-grey-
whitish ; a fuscous dot in disc before 4, a second beyond it on
fold, and a third in disc before 3; a subterminal row of fuscous
dots, often faintly marked; cilia concolorous. Hindwings and
cilia grey-whitish. |
Very similar to some species of Huwlechria, and as the
apex is rounded, and vein 7 terminates just beneath, it might
be contused with them. The stalking of veins 2 and 3 is a
great help in recognition.
. Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, Brisbane, Stradbroke
Island, Mount Tambourine, and Coolangatta; taken com-
monly in tropical forest from September to April.
. CHEZALA TORPIDA, n. sp. (torprdus, sluggish).
©, 19-26 mm. Head, palpi, and antennae whitish.
Thorax whitish-grey. Abdomen grey; sides whitish. Legs
whitish; anterior pair mixed with fuscous. Forewings
elongate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moderately
arched; apex round-pointed, termen | oblique, scarcely
rounded ; veins 2 and 3 stalked; grey-whitish; a dark-grey
suffusion between fold and inner margin; an oblique suffused
grey fascia from costa at 2 to tornus, posteriorly ill-defined ;
a grey suffusion along termen, sometimes connected suffusedly
with fascia; cilia whitish, at tornus dark-grey. Hindwings
and cilia whitish-grey.
82
Taken at rest on foliage, the male not observed. Inhabits
tropical scrub.
Hab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island, in January;
Coolangatta, in November and December; Mount Tam-
bourine, in November ; six specimens.
PHILOBOTA LONCHOTA, Turn.: ante; 1896, p. 23.
Near P. x2-phostola, Meyr. Antennal ciliations in male 1.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Stradbroke Island, South-
port, Rosewood.
PHILOBOTA PERIXANTHA, Turn.: l.c., p. 24.
Antennal ciliations in male 2.
/Tab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Siendbeole Island, Mount
Tambourine, Coolangatta, Toowoomba. A common autumnal
species.
| PHILOBOTA HYDARA.
Philobota hydara, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1883,
p. 494.
Philobota orphmtes, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 24.
Antennal ciliations in male 2.
Hab.—Queensland: Duaringa, Brisbane, Mount Tam-
bourine, Toowoomba, Warwick. A common autumnal species.
PHILOBOTA ORPHNAEA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 24.
Antennal ciliations in male 14.
/Tab.—Queensland: Kuranda, Brisbane, Stradbroke
Island, Rosewood.
PHILOBOTA LUNATA, Turn.: é.c., p. 25.
Peltophora leucoplaca, Low.: i.c., 1897, p. 53.
Antennal ciliations in male 1.
Hab.—Queensland : Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Too-
woomba.
PHILOBOTA AURICEPS.
Conchylis auriceps, Butl.: A. M. N. H., 1882.
Philobota auriceps, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. Wales,
1883, p. 478.
Philobota chrysanthes, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 25. |
Hab.—Queensland: Coolangatta, Stanthorpe ; New South
Wales: Murrurundi, Sydney, Bathurst; Victoria: Mel-
bourne, Beaconsfield, Gisborne; Tasmania: Hobart; South
Australia: Mount Lofty.
PuHiLopotTa sopHiaA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 26.
Antennal ciliations in male 3.
Hab.—Queensland: Warwick, Stanthorpe; New South.
Wales: Glen Innes, Armidale.
83
PHILoBoTA ocULARIS, Turn.: /.c., p. 26.
Hab.—Queensland: Charters Towers.
PHILOBOTA THEORICA.
Peltophora theorica, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1884, p. 729. | if
Compsotropha chrysozona, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 27.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; New South Wales:
Murrurundi.
PHILOBOTA MELICHRODES, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 209.
Antennal ciliations in male 3.
Hab.—Queensland: Nambour, Caloundra, Brisbane.
PHILOBOTA CARPHALEA.
Peltophora carphalea, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
- 1884, p.. 731.
Philobota cosmia, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 209.
Hab. — Queensland: Duaringa, Gympie, Brisbane,
Southport.
PHILOBOTA OSTEOCHROA.
Peltophora osteochroa, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 210.
Antennal ciliations in male 3.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, Coolangatta,
Toowoomba, Killarney.
PHILOBOTA AUREOLA.
Peltophora aureola, Turn.: l.c., 1898, p. 211.
Antennal ciliations in male 2. Near swbpunctella, Wlk.,
which has darker hindwings and shorter antennal ciliations.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine.
PHILOBOTA ALYPA, Turn.: Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. Wales,
1914, p. 560.
Antennal ciliations in male 4.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.
PuHILoBoTa 1somorA, Turn.: /.c., 1915, p. 193.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor.
PHILOBOTA SORDIDELLA.
Female. Cryptolechia sordidella, Wik.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix.,
p. 755.
Male. Peltophora psammochroa, Low.: ante, 1894, p. 97.
Antennal ciliations in male 3. The female has narrower
forewings than the male.
84
flab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in June, July, and
August; Toowoomba, in September; a winter species.
PHILOBOTA MYSTICODES, n. sp: (yvortixwdys, mystical).
Q, 14 mm. Head and palpi white. Antennae grey-
whitish. Thorax white, patagia and a large posterior spot
orange. Abdomen white, bases of segments on dorsum, except
of the first three, brownish-ochreous. Legs white. Forewings
rather broad, slightly dilated, costa arched in basal half,
thence straight, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique ;
snow-white with bright-orange spots and dots; a sub-basal
median spot with several minute dots between it and basal
part of costa; a spot on dorsum at 2; a discal dot before
middle ; a large tornal spot produced narrowly half-way across
disc; many minute dots, often not more than single scales,
in costal and terminal parts of disc; cilia white irrorated |
with orange. Hindwings and cilia white.
Not like anything else.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in January; one specimen.
PHILOBOTA PANDORA, N. Sp. (zavdwpos, all-bounteous).
3, 9; 380-32 mm. Head and thorax grey. Palpi grey,
slightly reddish-tinged, terminal joint fuscous, at base
whitish. Antennae grey; ciliations in male 4. Abdomen
ochreous-brown irrorated with whitish; apices of segments
and tuft whitish; under-surface grey. Legs, anterior pair
fuscous, reddish-tinged; middle pair grey, reddish-tinged ;
posterior pair whitish, reddish-tinged. Forewings elongate,
dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen straight, rounded beneath, moderately
oblique; grey more or less suffused with red; costal edge red ;
a terminal band bounded by a fuscous line from 4 costa very
obliquely outwards, then strongly rounded and bent down-
wards parallel to termen to tornus, whitish-red ; sometimes a
fuscous-reddish discal spot at 4, and another at 4; cilia grey,
toward apex of wing suffused with reddish. Hindwings grey-
whitish with slight reddish suffusion towards apex; cilia
whitish, at apex of wing suffused with reddish-grey. Under-
side of forewings grey with a broad reddish streak around
costa and termen; of hindwings grey-whitish with a reddish
suffusion at apex.
Hab.—Tasmania: Cradle Mountain (3,000-3,500 feet), in
January ; two specimens, received from Mr. R. J. Tillyard.
The first-fruits of the Central Tasmanian mountains. Of
these the female is in coll. Lyell.
85
: PHILOBOTA LEUCOCOSMA, N. Sp.
(Aevkdxooc os, decorated with white). ,
3, 19-22 mm. Head dark-fuscous, side-tufts ochreous.
Palpi dark-fuscous, inner and posterior surfaces pale-ochreous.
Antennae dark-fuscous; ciliations in male 34. Thorax dark-
fuscous, apices of patagia and two posterior spots ochreous.
Abdomen dark-fuscous ; apices of segments and tuft ochreous.
Legs dark-fuscous partly mixed with ochreous; posterior pair
mostly ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa straight except
near base and apex, apex round-pointed, termen straight,
oblique, rounded beneath ; dark-fuscous ; a costal streak from
base to 4, ochreous-whitish mixed with ochreous; some
ochreous irroration on costa beyond this; four ochreous-
whitish blotches; first on 4 dorsum reaching 4 across disc;
second slightly before middle, not reaching either margin ;
third forming a fascia, constricted or interrupted in middle,
from % costa to tornus; fourth subapical, roughly triangular ;
cilia fuscous, on apex and upper half of termen apices whitish-
ochreous. Hindwings dark tawny-fuscous; cilia pale-ochreous,
beneath apex partly grey.
Apparently belonging to the argutella group.
Hab.—Western Australia: Waroona, in October; two
specimens, received from Mr. R. [Illidge.
PHILOBOTA XANTHOPREPES, Nl. Sp.
(favOorperns, distinguished by yellow).
3d, 17-18 mm. Head yellow. Palpi fuscous, inner
surface whitish-ochreous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in
male 3. Thorax yellow with a large anterior dark-fuscous
spot. Abdomen fuscous; tuft ochreous. Legs fuscous; pos-
terior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings scarcely dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded ; dark-fuscous with yellow markings; a broad fascia
at $, not quite reaching dorsal edge; a broad bar from ? costa
obliquely inwards, joining an erect mark from dorsum before
tornus, to form an irregular fascia; a spot midway between
this and mid-termen ; cilia dark-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia
dark-fuscous.
Hab. — Queensland: Herberton, in January § and
February; three specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd.
PHILOBOTA DIACRITA, N. sp. (duaxpitos, distinguished)
9,22 mm. Head grey mixed with pale-ochreous. Palpi
fuscous; apex of second joint pale-ochreous; inner surface
mixed with pale-ochreous. Antennae fuscous with some
whitish-ochreous irroration. Thorax fuscous, apices of patagia
86
and lateral margins narrowly pale-yellow. Abdomen fuscous,
lateral margins and tuft pale-ochreous, third to eighth seg-
ments brownish-ochreous with apices grey. Legs ochreous
with fuscous irroration. Forewings elongate, not dilated,
costa straight except near base, apex round-pointed, termen
straight, oblique; dark-fuscous with yellow irroration and
spots; two elongate spots on fold; a subcostal spot at 4 and
another, rather larger and quadrangular, before 3; a sub-
apical costal dot extending into cilia; several subterminal dots
between this and tornus; cilia dark-fuscous, apices yellowish
except on tornus. Hindwings dark-grey; cilia dark-grey,
apices yellowish tinged in apical part of wing, on costa pale-
yellowish.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor, in Jape one
specimen.
PHILOBOTA THERMOPHANES, Ni. Sp.
(deppopavys, warmly coloured).
3d, 9; 16-18 mm. Head ochreous-yellow. Palpi dark-
fuscous ; second joint with apex and a spot on inner surface
whitish ; terminal joint whitish except anteriorly. Antennae
dark-fuscous; ciliations 24. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen
dark-fuscous. Legs yellowish mixed with dark-fuscous.
. Forewings elongate, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa
slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen oblique, slightly
rounded ; dark-fuscous with whitish-ochreous spots; a large
squarish spot on dorsum near base not quite reaching costa ;
two triangular spots on costa before we and at #; a
vertically elongate oblong spot on dorsum at #, its upper end
indented by a “blackish discal spot ; one or aa small suffused
spots near termen; cilia dark-fuscous, in middle of termen
and beneath tornus pale-ochreous. Hindwings dark-fuscous ;
towards base orange-ochreous; cilia dark-fuscous.
Hab.—Queensland: Stannary Hills; Townsville, in
August and October; four specimens. |
PHILOBOTA MIMETIS, N. sp. (puuytis, an imitator).
3, 9; 11-14 mm. Head ochreous. Palpi fuscous,
anterior and inner surfaces of second joint partly whitish-
ochreous. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 24. Thorax
dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous on dorsal,
whitish-ochreous on ventral surfaces. Forewings narrow-
elongate, costa nearly straight, apex acute, termen slightly
rounded, strongly oblique; fuscous; a small basal fuscous
fascia produced along costa; succeeding this a broad bright-
yellow fascia not quite reaching costa, suffused yellow spots
in middle of disc, on dorsum before tornus, on costa before
87
apex, and before termen, more distinct in male; cilia fuscous,
on termen ochreous. Huindwings and cilia dark-grey.
Very similar to basiplaga and proxime/lia, but smaller
with narrower forewings.
Hab.—Queensland: Eumundi, near Nambour, in Novem-
ber; three specimens.
PHILOBOTA LOCHITIS, n. sp. (Aoxi71s, a comrade).
©, 17 mm. [Head and thorax rubbed.] Face white.
Palpi white; base of second joint pale-fuscous. Antennae
fuscous. Abdomen greyish. Legs fuscous, annulated with
ochreous-whitish ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings
moderate, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen oblique, scarcely rounded ; snow-white, mark-
ings dark-fuscous; a narrow basal fascia; a broad fascia from
middle of costa, expanding on dorsum from 4 to tornus; a
large somewhat triangular spot in apical part of disc, not
touching either margin; two smali dots between this and
tornus; cilia whitish, on costa and anai angle dark-fuscous.
Hindwings and cilia grey.
Certainly alhed to P. alypa, Turn.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (1,800 feet) ;
one specimen, in February.
PHILOBOTA EUCRITA, Nn. sp. (ev«piTos, distinct).
2,19mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi whitish ; base ~
of second joint and anterior surface of terminal joint fuscous.
Antennae fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen with
basal third grey; remainder pale-ochreous but bases of seg-
ments on dorsum ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous; posterior
pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa gently
arched, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique; white
with four transverse brown fuscous fasciae; first sub-basal,
joined by a costal streak to remaining three fasciae; second
before middle, slightly inwardly oblique, connected on
dorsum with third fascia; third beyond middle, transverse,
outwardly curved; fourth from costa before apex to tornus,
strongly inwardly curved, confluent in middle with third
fascia; a suffused triangular spot on termen; cilia fuscous,
bases partly white. Hindwings pale-ochreous suffused with
pale reddish-brown towards margins; cilia grey.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October ; one specimen.
PHILOBOTA DELOSEMA, Nn. sp. (dyAdonpos, plainly marked).
3,21 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous, apex. of second
joint and posterior surface of terminal joint white. Antennae
fuscous; ciliations in male 1}. Thorax white, anterior margin
88
dark-fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey ; tuft pale-ochreous. Legs
dark-fuscous ; posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings rather
narrow, not dilated, costa shghtly arched, apex round-pointed,
termen very obliquely rounded ; white ; markings dark-fuscous ;
costal edge at base dark-fuscous; a fine short subcostal streak
at base; a transverse fascia before middle, dilated on both
margins but especially on costa; a large transverse oval spot
at $, connected with a sinuous fascia from apex to tornus;
a fine terminal line; cilia white, on costa fuscous, at tornus
grey. Huindwings and cilia pale-grey.
/fab.—Queensland: Stanthorpe, in November; one
specimen.
PHILOBOTA ORTHOMITA, n. sp. (dpoputTos, with straight thread).
3, 17-21 mm. Head white; face more or less suffused
with pale-fuscous. Palpi white; anterior surface pale-fuscous.
Antennae grey with scattered whitish scales. Thorax white.
Abdomen ochreous-fuscous; apices of segments, tuft, and
scattered scales whitish. Legs fuscous, posterior pair whitish.
Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa moderately arched,
apex round-pointed, termen straight, very oblique; white;
costal edge near base fuscous; a pale-fuscous line from base
near costa to costa at 2; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia
white.
In Meyrick’s tabulation falls with P. monogramma,
Meyr., distinguished by the basal streak being longer, and
the absence of a discal streak.
Hab.—Victoria: Gisborne, in October; six specimens.
Type in coll. Lyell.
PHILOBOTA ORTHOTOMA, n. sp. (dpOdropos, straightly divided).
3, 21-25 mm. Head white. Palpi white; second joint
with external and apical half of anterior surface fuscous.
Antennae whitish ; ciliations in male 2. Thorax white; collar
and tegulae pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous ; bases
of segments ochreous-fuscous. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior
and middle pairs fuscous anteriorly. Forewings elongate-
oval, somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched,
apex round-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; white;
base of costal edge fuscous; a pale ochreous-fuscous streak
along costa almost to apex; a second similar streak through
disc from base to apex; a fine inwardly-oblique line connect-
ing streaks at 2; cilia white. Hindwings pale-grey; cilia
whitish-ochreous.
Hab.—Queensland: Goodna, near -Brisbane, in April;
Warwick, in March and April; twelve specimens.
89
PHILOBOTA DIAERETA, n. sp. (dvaiperos, divided).
3, 28-30 mm.; 9, 22-24 mm. Head white; sides of
face fuscous. Palpi white; external surface of second joint,
except apex, fuscous. Antennae whitish-grey, towards base
whitish ; ciliations in male 14. Thorax white; patagia, except
apex, fuscous. Abdomen whitish, bases of segments fuscous.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate, in
male somewhat dilated posteriorly, costa straight in basal 3,
then arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
white ; costal edge at base fuscous; a subcostal fuscous streak
from base of costa to apex; cilia white. Hindwings and cilia
white.
One of the agnesella group; it is nearest physaula, but
the forewings are whiter, the subcostal streak darker and
sharply defined throughout, without any tendency to forking.
Hab.—Queensland: Toowoomba, in October; Warwick,
in. October; four specimens.
PHILOBOTA AGNESELLA.
Oecophora agnesella, Newm.: Tr. E. S., iii. (n. s.), p. 297;
mec Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1883, p. 493.
6, 21-30 mm. Head white. Palpi fuscous; extreme
base and apex of second joint and terminal joint, except
anterior surface, white. Antennae whitish; ciliations in
male 1. Thorax white; tegulae mixed with pale-fuscous.
Abdomen whitish-grey; bases of segments ochreous-fuscous ;
tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs dark-fuscous; posterior tibiae
and tarsi ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate-oval, not
dilated, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen
very obliquely rounded; white; with pale ochreous-fuscous
streak ; extreme base of costal edge blackish; a broad streak
from base to apex, bifurcating in disc at #, the upper branch
running to costa at {; a fine streak from base beneath fold,
lost before tornus; a series of short fine streaks near termen,
parallel to veins; cilia white. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Killarney, in October and November ;
New South Wales: Glen Innes, in October; Victoria,
Melbourne. |
PHILOBOTA AGRAPHA, 0. sp. (aypados, without markings).
do, 23-25 mm. Head ochreous-whitish., Palpi grey,
inner surface paler. Antennae grey-whitish; ciliations in
male 24. Thorax ochreous-grey-whitish, bases of patagia
pale-fuscous. Abdomen whitish-grey.. Legs grey; posterior
pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, posteriorly
slightly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed,
termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-grey-whitish ; costal
90
edge at base fuscous; cilia ochreous-grey-whitish. Hindwings
and cilia whitish-grey .
Very similar to lithochlora, which is of a different shade
of grey, and at once distinguished by the male antennal
ciliations, which are less than: 1.
Hab.—New South Wales: Glen Innes, in March and
April; nine specimens.
PHILOBOTA CERATOCHROA, 0. sp. (Kepatoxpoos, horn-coloured).
QO, 22 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-
whitish, lower half of external surface of second joint grey.
Antennae grey. Thorax fuscous, apices of patagia and a
posterior spot fuscous-whitish. Abdomen grey, apices of
segments mixed with ochreous. Legs grey; posterior pair
partly whitish-ochreous. Forewings moderately broad, not
dilated, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen
obliquely rounded; pale fuscous-brown; cilia fuscous, on
costa and tornus pale-brown. Hindwings and cilia grey.
/1ab.—Queensland: Toowoomba (Harlaxton Scrub), in
October ; one specimen.
PHILOBOTA ENCHALCA, n. sp. (€yxaAxos, brazen).
3, 9; 26-29 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi dark-
fuscous; inner surface partly whitish. Antennae fuscous ;
cihations in male 14. Thorax fuscous, central area suffused
with ochreous-whitish. Abdomen pale-ochreous, bases of seg-
ments suffused with fuscous. Legs dark-fuscous; posterior
pair pale-ochreous. Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa
gently arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
ochreous-fuscous or brassy-fuscous, in female more fuscous ;
markings whitish; a broad costal streak from base to +; a
broad streak along fold from base to tornus, interrupted in
middle, a broad subcostal streak from before end of costal
streak to ¢ costa, interrupted at 2 of disc, its first segment
containing a central dot; a spot above tornus, and another
between this and termen ; some whitish irroration on termen ;
cilia pale-grey. Hindwings grey; cilia pale-ochreous.
Hab.—New South Wales: Glen Innes (3,500 feet), in
March ; Ben Lomond (4,500 feet), in January ; four specimens.
PHILOBOTA BORBORODES, n. sp. (BopBopwdyns, muddy).
3, 22-23 mm. Head and thorax reddish-brown. Palpi
fuscous, inner surface reddish-brown. Antennae grey; cili-
ations in male 1}. Abdomen reddish-brown, towards base
with some fuscous suffusion. Legs fuscous; posterior pair
whitish-ochreous. Forewings posteriorly dilated, costa gently
ot
arched, apex pointed, termen nearly straight, oblique; pale
reddish-brown; a pale-fuscous discal dot at 3%; cilia pale
reddish-brown. Huindwings and cilia grey.
Hab.—New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko (5,000 feet),
in January ; two specimens.
PHILOBOTA METRIA, n. sp. (uerpios, mederate, average).
3, 9; 18-19 mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi
white; second joint sometimes fuscous anteriorly except at
apex; terminal joint fuscous anteriorly. Antennae grey,
towards base white. Abdomen whitish; ciliations in male 4.
Legs fuscous: posterior pair whitish. Forewings narrow-
elongate ; costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen very
obliquely rounded; white, markings dark-fuscous; a dot in
disc at 4, a second in disc before 4, a third on fold beneath
first, and a fourth between second, with which it is some-
times confluent, and tornus; a well-marked line from costa
at 2, abruptly bent beneath costa, and continued close to
termen to tornus; a few fuscous scales, or a narrow fuscous
line along termen; cilia white, with traces of a median
fuscous line. Hindwrngs whitish-grey ; cilia white.
Near P. hapala, Meyr., but Mr. Meyrick regards it as
distinct. It may be distinguished by the white thorax.
Hab.—Victoria: Gisborne, in December and January.
Type in coll. Lyell.
PHILOBOTA HILDA, N. sp.
3d, 9; 19-21 mm. Head yellow. Palpi fuscous mixed
with whitish. Palpi fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous with a
few whitish scales; a pair of postmedian spots and apices of
tegulae yellow. Abdomen dark-ochreous ; apices of segments
whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-ochreous; anterior pair dark-
fuscous. Forewings oblong, costa moderately arched, apex
round-pointed, termen oblique, scarcely rounded; whitish
tinged with yellowish towards costa, and with a yellow
suffusion at base of dorsum; mixed with dark-fuscous, which
forms suffused markings; a short broad streak along basal
third of costa; discal dots indicated, first dot connected with
that on fold and with dorsum at +; a broad inwardly-oblique
streak from costa beyond middle, and a second from apex,
both suffusedly connected with posterior discal dots and
tornus ; cilia whitish, at apex and anal angle fuscous. Huind-
wings pale-ochreous; a small grey suffusion at apex, cilia
pale-ochreous.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November :
four specimens.
92
PHILOBOTA EUCTISTA, N. sp. (evxtioTos, well-wrought).
2,16 mm. Head yellow. Palpi pale-ochreous, anterior
surface of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous. Thorax
purple-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous; legs fuscous; posterior
pair ochreous-whitish with some fuscous admixture ; posterior
tarsi fuscous with ochreous-whitish annulations. Forewings
not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, termen
nearly straight, oblique; yellow; markings purple-fuscous; a
narrow basal fascia slightly produced on both margins; a
moderately and equably broad fascia from costa just beyond
middle to dorsum just before tornus ; a narrow terminal fascia
joining this at tornus; cilia purple-fuscous, apices whitish-
ochreous except on costa, apex, and tornus. Huindwings and
cilia grey. 3
Hab.—Queensland: Herberton, in January; one speci-
men, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. |
PHILOBOTA CNECOPIS, n. sp. (xvyKwmes, pale-yellow).
3, 16 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi pale-yellow,
anterior surface of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae dark-
grey; ciliations in male 1. Thorax purple-fuscous, a very
small posterior pale-ochreous spot. Abdomen grey, apices of
segments and tuft pale-ochreous. Legs pale-ochreous ; anterior
pair fuscous. Forewings rather narrow, not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded ; pale-yellow with purple-fuscous markings; a small
basal fascia; a moderate fascia from # costa to ¢ dorsum; a
small terminal fascia suffusedly connected with preceding on
costa and dorsum; cilia whitish-yellow. Hindwings grey ;
cilia whitish-yellow.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Port Darwin; one specimen,
received from Mr. 8S. F. Hill.
PHILOBOTA MEGALOXANTHA, N. sp. (peyaddgavos, large yellow).
3d, 9;30 mm. Head deep yellow. Palpi fuscous, inner
surface mixed with whitish-ochreous. Antennae fuscous ;
ciliations in male 15. Thorax purple-fuscous ; apices of patagia
and posterior margin yellow. Abdomen pale-ochreous, bases
of segments on dorsum ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous; pos-
terior pair ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa moderately
arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
yellow ; markings purple-fuscous ; a fine streak on costa reach-
ing to %, thickened and not quite extending to edge in pos-
terior part; a large dorsal blotch from 4 nearly to tornus,
subtriangular, with a rounded apex at 4% of disc from base;
a terminal band from beneath apex to above tornus,
93
connected with preceding above tornus, leaving a yellow tornal
spot; cilia on costa yellow, on apex and tornus fuscous, on
termen purple-fuscous with whitish-ochreous apices. Huind-
wings grey; cilia pale-ochreous.
The forewings resembles Heliocausta hemiteles.
Hab.—Western Australia: Cunderdin, in November and
December ; two specimens, received from Mr. R. Ilhdge.
PHILOBOTA POLYBOTRYA, 0. sp.
(roAvVBorpus, with many clusters).
3, 17-18 mm.’ Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi fuscous.
Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 2. Thorax whitish-
ochrecus. Abdomen pale-fuscous; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs
fuscous; posterior pair paler. Forewings not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded; ochreous-whitish; markings dark-fuscous; a
moderate basal. fascia; a triangular spot on costa at + and
another larger on midcosta; a discal dot before 4, a second
beneath it on fold, a third beyond and above first, a fourth
and fifth placed transversely before 3, sometimes coalescing
to form a crescentic mark; an inwardly oblique line from
costa, bent outwards in disc, and continued as a fine inter-
rupted subterminal line to tornus; some fine termina] dots;
cilia ochreous-whitish, with a basal row of fuscous dots.
Hindwings pale-grey, darker towards apex; cilia pale-grey.
Hab.—Victoria: Upper Macedon, near Gisborne, in
November ; three specimens, received from Mr. 8. Lyell.
PHILOBOTA ORESTERA, 0. Sp.
(6péorepos, dwelling in the mountains).
3d, 20 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi grey. Antennae
grey ; ciliations in male 3. Abdomen grey; tuft grey-whitish.
Legs grey; posterior pair grey-whitish. Forewings elongate,
posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen
very obliquely rounded ; pale-grey with slight fuscous irrora-
tion ; a dark-fuscous dot in disc at 4, a second slightly beyond
it on fold, and a third at #; a subterminal series of fuscous
dots ; cilia whitish-grey. Hindwings and cilia whitish-grey.
Hab.—New South Wales: Mount Koscuisko (7,000 feet),
in January ; two specimens. |
CoMPSOTROPHA FLAVITINCTA, n. sp. (flavitinctius,
yellow tinged).
3, 9; 14-16 mm. Head pale-yellow; face whitish.
Palpi whitish; second joint with base and a subapical ring
94
fuscous. Antennae whitish annulate with fuscous; ciliations
in male 15. Thorax whitish; patagia, except apices, fuscous.
Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior
pair fuscous. Forewings elongate, costa slightly arched, apex
round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded; whitish-yellow ;
markings fuscous; a broad streak along basal third of costa;
a spot on middle of dorsum; a large spot on middle of costa
narrowly connected in disc with a larger spot on tornus; a |
large apical spot ; cilia pale-yellow. Hindwings and cilia grey.
My specimens show no trace of an antennal pecten.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine ; four specimens,
not in the best condition, in November and March.
Gen. PACHYBELA, nov.
(zaxvBeros, with thick weapons | palpi)).
Head with dense side-tufts projecting between antennae.
Palpi rather short; second joint short, not exceeding base of
antennae, greatly thickened with rough scales in front, especi-
ally towards apex; terminal joint about half second, stout,
acute. Antennae with strong pecten; in male moderately
ciliated. Thorax not crested. Forewings with 7 to termen.
Hindwings as broad as forewings, elongate-ovate.
Allied to Nephogenes, differing from it in the palpi,
which are much stouter, the second joint roughened and
dilated at apex. I regard it as a development from the
stoutly-built /axenta section of that genus. Type, P. eremica.
PACHYBELA EREMICA, n. sp. (épnpixos, of the desert).
3, 9; 23-25 mm. Head ochreous-grey or reddish. Palpi
fuscous mixed with whitish. Antennae grey; ciliations in
male 1. Thorax ochreous-grey or reddish. Abdomen pale
ochreous-grey. Legs ochreous-grey irrorated with fuscous ;
posterior pair paler. Forewings elongate-oval, not dilated,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded; grey-whitish with more or less fuscous
irroration and reddish suffusion, sometimes wholly red ; some-
times a faint fuscous discal dot at 4, a second beneath it on
fold, and a third at 3, but some or all of these may be obso-
lete ; sometimes a few fuscous terminal dots, but usually none;
cilia concolorous. Hindwings and cilia -grey.
Variable in colour, the forewings may be bright-red or
without any reddish tinge, or in any intermediate condition.
| Hab.—Queensland: Adavale (in western interior), in
March, April, and May; six specimens; Victoria: Sea Lake,
in March; one female.
95
PACHYBELA PARISA, nl. sp. (zdpicos, almost identical).
3, 20-25 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-grey. Palpi
ochreous-grey with some fuscous scales. Antennae pale-grey ;
ciliations in male 14. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Legs fuscous ;
posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate, some-
what dilated posteriorly, costa moderately arched, apex round-
pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; pale ochreous- -grey
with ae fuscous irroration ; markings fuscous; a discal
dot at 4, a second before it on fold, and a third at 4; some-
times a fuscous spot between the last and tornus; a terminal
series of fuscous dots, usually very distinct ; cilia concolorous.
Hindwings and cilia grey.
Forewings rather differently shaped, aah more distinct
markings, and without reddish tinge. It is very similar to
some examples of eremica, and I might have confused them
if it had not been for the longer antennal ciliations.
Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in April and May ; thirteen
specimens.
NEPHOGENES HYLOPHILA, n. sp. (vAddiAos, loving the woods).
3, 14-15 mm. Head ochreous. Palpi fuscous, apex of
second joint and terminal joint except apex pale-ochreous.
Antennae dark-grey; ciliations in male 14. Thorax ochreous
mixed with fuscous. Abdomen grey; tuft pale-ochreous.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings nar-
rowly oval, not dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex
rounded, termen obliquely rounded; pale-ochreous irrorated
with fuscous: markings fuscous; a discal dot at 4, a second
beyond it on fold, a third at 4, and sometimes a fourth
immediately beneath and beyond third; faint indications of
a subterminal line angled beneath costa; cilia pale-cchreous
with a broad fuscous median line. Hindwings pale-grey ; cilia
ochreous-grey-whitish.
Hab.—-Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in December ;
four specimens.
NEPHOGENES PILIDIOTA, n. sp. (wtAtdvoros, with a little hat).
3, 16-17 mm. Head ochreous. Palpi whitish-ochreous,
external surface of second joint, except apex, fuscous.
Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 1§. Thorax pale-
ochreous ; patagia, except apex, fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey ;
tuft pale-ochreous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair pale-
ochreous. Forewings slightly dilated posteriorly, costa moder-
ately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
whitish-ochreous with fuscous markings ; a costa] streak from
base to 2; a median streak from base to costa before apex,
96
usually incomplete, being widely interrupted near base; a
third streak along fold, more or less developed; a discal dot
at 4, a second above middle, a third at 3, and a fourth
beneath third; a subterminal line arising from costa with
median streak, angled beneath costa; a terminal series of
dots; cilia pale-ochreous with a fuscous median line. -Hind-
wings pale-grey; cilia whitish-ochreous tinged with grey.
flab.—-Queensland: Nambour, in November; Brisbane,
in October; Coolangatta, in November; ten specimens.
NEPHOGENES LOCHMAULA, 0. sp.
(Adxpavdos, dwelling in the woods).
o, 92; 16 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi whitish-
ochreous; external surface of second joint, except apex, fus-
cous. Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male 1. Thorax
ochreous-whitish ; patagia, except apices, fuscous. Abdomen
grey; apices of segments whitish; tuft whitish-ochreous.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous. Forewings
narrow, not dilated, costa rather strongly arched, apex round-
pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; whitish, markings
dark-fuscous; a dot on 4 dorsum; a spot on base of costa,
a second at 4+, and an elongate.spot on middle; costal edge
ochreous except on spots; a discal dot at 4, a second beyond
it on fold, a third above middle, a fourth at %, and a fifth
beneath fourth; a subterminal line from costa before apex,
angled beneath costa; a terminal series of dots; cilia whitish,
bases ochreous. Hindwings whitish-grey; cilia whitish.
Hab.--Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in March; two
specimens, male and female; Cairns, in June; one female,
probably conspecific, but lacking dot near base of dorsum,
and with anterior edge of thorax and terminal joint of palpi
fuscous.
NEPHOGENES CIRRHOCEPHALA, Ni. Sp.
(xippoxedados, with yellowish head).
¢, 19 mm. Head pale-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, inner
surface whitish. Antennae fuscous; ciliations in male 1.
Thorax fuscous, posteriorly mixed with whitish. Abdomen
pale-ochreous, bases of segments on dorsum brownish. Legs
fuscous, posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings moderately
broad, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded,
termen obliquely rounded; white with slight fuscous irrora-
tion; markings dark-fuscous; a triangular spot on base of
costa reaching as far as fold; a large subtriangular spot on
midcosta ; a dot in disc at } sometimes double, a second beyond
it on fold, a third above middle confluent with costal spot
and sometimes lost in it, fourth and fifth at # confluent,
O7
forming a transverse crescentic mark ; a spot on ? costa giving
rise to a subterminal line angled beneath costa ; some terminal
dots and an apical fuscous suffusion ; cilia grey-whitish, bases
ochreous tinged. Hindwings pale-grey ; cilia as forewings.
Readily distinguished from 1. foedatella by the ochreous
head. |
Hab.—Queensland: Goodna, near Brisbane, in October ;
two specimens.
NEPHOGENES THIOCROSSA, 0. sp. (fexpoocos, sulphur-edged).
7 3, 9; 21-23 mm. Head pale-yellow. Palpi whitish,
external surface of second joint, except apex, fuscous.
Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male 24. Thorax whitish,
bases of patagia and a posterior spot fuscous. Abdomen
whitish-ochreous, bases of segments on dorsum brownish.
Legs fuscous; posterior pair pale-ochreous. Forewings
moderate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex round-
pointed, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; mark-
ings dark-fuscous; a narrow basal fascia; a costal streak,
broad in middle, attenuated at extremities from + to 3; a
discal dot at 4, a second slightly beyond it on fold, a third
above middle, a fourth at. %, a fifth beneath fourth, some-
times giving rise to a fine streak inwards along lower edge
of cell; a short inwardly-oblique streak from costa before
apex, sometimes connected by a dark-fuscous suffusion with
fifth dot, giving rise to a fine dotted subterminal line; cilia
pale-ochreous, apices whitish. Hindwings pale-grey; cilia as
forewings.
Hab.--Queensland: Gympie, in April; Nambour, in
April; Stradbroke Island, in January ; Rosewood, in March ;
Stanthorpe, in February; ten specimens.
ra \s ° °
NEPHOGENES SYNCOLLA, n. sp. (avyKoAXos, closely joined).
@, 25 mm, Head pale-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, apex
of second joint and base of terminal joint ochreous-whitish.
Antennae fuscous. Thorax pale-ochreous, patagia fuscous.
Abdomen brownish-fuscous, apices of segments whitish-
ochreous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair whitish-ochreous.
Forewings slightly dilated, costa moderately arched, apex
round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-whitish ;
markings fuscous; a broad costal streak from base, narrowing
to a point beyond middle; a broad streak on base of dorsum ;
a discal dot before 4, a second beyond it on fold, a third
above middle, a fourth before 2, a fifth beneath and connected
with fourth; a broad streak inwards from # costa, bent out-
wards beneath costa, and bent again and continued as a
subterminal line to tornus; some terminal dots; some fuscoug
E
98
irroration in terminal] part of disc; cilia ochreous-whitish with
an interrupted antemedian fuscous line. Hindwings grey;
cilia grey-whitish.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ebor, in January; one
specimen.
NEPHOGENES CARBASEA, n. sp. (carbaseus, made of linen).
3, 24mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi whitish, some
pale-fuscous suffusion on external surface of second joint.
Antennae whitish-grey, towards base whitish; ciliations in
male 2. Thorax white; tegulae ochreous-whitish ; a fuscous
spot.on base of patagia. Abdomen ochreous-whitish ; bases
of segments on dorsum partly brownish; tuft and under-
surface whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous ; posterior pair whitish-
ochreous. Forewings not dilated, costa gently arched, apex
round-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded ; white without
ochreous tinge; markings fuscous ; costal edge at base fuscous ;
a moderate costal streak from near base to %, attenuated at
extremities; a discal dot before 4, a second beyond it on fold,
sometimes obsolete, a third above middle, a fourth before 4,
a fifth beneath fourth and usually confluent with it to form
a transverse crescentic mark, sometimes a sixth beyond and
above second ; traces of a costal streak angled beneath costa
and emitting a subterminal line, but these may be nearly
obsolete; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings grey, darker
towards apex; cilia ochreous-whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Herberton, in January and Feb-
ruary ; three specimens, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd.
NEPHOGENES SCITULA, n. sp. (scotulus, neat, pretty).
3, 20-21 mm.. Head white. Palpi whitish ; apical half,
except extreme apex, of second joint grey. Antennae whitish ;
ciliations in male nearly 14. Thorax white; centre of patagia
grey. Abdomen grey-whitish, bases of joints on dorsum partly
fuscous-brown. Legs fuscous, inner surface whitish ; posterior
pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings not dilated, costa slightly
arched, apex rounded, termen very obliquely rounded ; white ;
markings fuscous ; costal edge towards base fuscous; a spot on
base of costa, followed by a subcostal spot near base; a grey
spot on base of dorsum; a discal dot at 4, a second slightly
beyond it on fold, a third above middle, and a fourth and
fifth confluent, forming a crescentic mark at 4; a slight
suffusion on midcosta, and another between crescentic mark
and tornus; a fine broken line from costa at 2 inwards,
angled sharply outwards beneath costa, then bent parallel to
termen; a terminal series of dots; cilia white with an
5 oer rr vee I
99
interrupted grey antemedian line. Huindwings grey; cilia
whitish-grey with a grey basal line.
Hab.—New South Wales: Tabulam, in January; two
specimens. |
| NEPHOGENES NAPAEA, Nl. SP.
(varratos, of a wooded vale or dell).
dg, 19-22 mm. Head grey-whitish, slightly ochreous
tinged. Palpi whitish; outer surface of second joint, except
at base and apex, fuscous. Antennae whitish annulated with
grey; ciliations in male 4. Thorax whitish finely irrorated
with fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish, bases of segments
on dorsum mostly ochreous-brown. legs fuscous; middle
tibiae and tarsi annulated with whitish; posterior pair
ochreous-whitish. Forewings not dilated, costa gently arched,
apex obtusely rounded, termen obliquely rounded; white
partly suffused with grey; markings fuscous; an outwardly-
oblique sub-basal fascia, broad on costa, narrowing to dorsum ;
a large median costal spot suffused anteriorly ; a discal dot at
+ with a second immediately beneath and posterior to it, a
third on fold beneath second, with a fourth immediately
above and posterior to it, a fifth above middle continuous with
costal spot, of which it forms the apex, a transverse crescentic
mark at 3; a suffused spot on # costa emitting a subterminal
line; a terminal series of dots; cilia whitish party suffused
with grey. Huindwings and cilia pale-grey.
Best recognized by the outwardly-oblique sub-basal fascia,
together with the annulated antennae, with very short cilia-
tions. In the allied transversella, Wlk., which I refer to the
same genus (vein 7 terminates just beneath apex), the sub-
basal fascia is inwardly oblique.
Hab.—Queensland: Rosewood, in September and Novem-
ber ; eight specimens.
NEPHOGENES HYPOPOLTIA, N. sp.
(vzroroAvos, Somewhat grey, hoary).
3, 29; 19-26 mm. Head whitish. Palpi fuscous, part
of inner surface and base and extreme apex of second joint
whitish. Antennae whitish; ciliations in male 1}. Thorax
white finely irrorated with fuscous. Abdomen brownish-grey,
apices of segments whitish, tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fus-
cous, tarsi annulated with whitish, posterior pair whitish
partly suffused with grey. Forewings elongate, narrow, not
dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely
rounded ; white with some fine fuscous irroration in parts;
markings fuscous; a basal costal dot; a sub-basal and sub-
oS dot; an elongate spot on about middle third of costa;
E
100
a discal dot at 4, a second on fold beyond first, a third above
middle confluent with costal spot, a fourth at % giving off a
fine line, which soon bends abruptly inwards to between first
and second dots; a suffused roundish spot in disc beyond
fourth dot; a fine inwardly-oblique line from @ costa, bent
outwards beneath costa, and again bent to form a subterminal
line; a terminal series of dots; cilia white with a basal series
of grey dots, sometimes partly suffused with grey. Hind-
wings pale-grey; cilia whitish; bases pale-grey.
This and all the preceding species are closely allied, and
belong to the foedatella section of the genus.
Hab.—Queensland: Stanthorpe; New South Wales:
Tenterfield, in February ; Glen Innes, in December, January,
March, and April; abundant.
NEPHOGENES ARGYRODES, n. sp. (dpyupwdys, silvery).
3, 22-24 mm.; 9, 32 mm. Head ochreous-whitish.
Palpi whitish, second joint fuscous except at apex. Antennae
grey, towards base fuscous; ciliations in male 14. Thorax
blackish ; patagia, except at base, and a posterior spot whitish.
Abdomen whitish, bases of segments on dorsum brownish.
Legs dark-fuscous; middle and posterior tibiae with whitish
annulations; middle and posterior tarsi whitish. Forewings
rather narrow, not dilated, costa moderately arched, apex
rounded, termen very obliquely rounded ; silvery-grey-whitish ;
markings blackish; a well-marked transverse fascia close to
base; a spot on 4 costa projecting into disc anteriorly; a
discal dot at 4 nearly confluent with a dot before it on fold;
a thick streak from % costa half-way across disc, slightly
inwardly oblique, and a similar streak from tornus slightly
outwardly oblique, their extremities nearly touching; a
second similar subapical costal streak; some minute terminal
dots ; cilia silvery-grey-whitish. Hindwings whitish-grey ; cilia
whitish-grey, apices whitish.
Very distinct. The markings recall Philobota cosmocrates.
[1ab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in March ; three specimens.
NEPHOGENES EPIPERCNA, 0. Sp. (érizepxvos, somewhat dark).
3, 22-30 mm.; 9, 34 mm. Head and thorax whitish
mixed with fuscous. Palpi fuscous with whitish irroration,
inner surface mostly whitish. Antennae fuscous with whitish
irroration ; ciliations in male 14. Abdomen ochreous-whitish,
bases of segments on dorsum ochreous-brown. Legs fuscous
thixed with whitish ; posterior pair mostly whitish. Forewings
elongate, not dilated, costa gently arched, apex rounded, ~
termen obliquely rounded; fuscous, densely irrorated with
white; markings fuscous, often obscure, or partly obsolete ;
101
a discal dot at 4, a short streak beneath it on fold, a dot
above middle, another at %, a fine streak from beneath this
last to between first dot and streak; a very obscure terminal
line; cilia whitish mixed with fuscous. Huindwings and cilia
rey.
ane obscure inland species allied to V. pycnoda, Low.
Queensland examples are darker and with markings more
obsolete, but appear to be the same species.
Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in March; Victoria: Sea
Lake, in December (Goudie); eight specimens.
NEPHOGENES STENOPTILA, 0. sp. (orevortiAos, narrow-winged).
3, 18-19 mm. Head whitish. Palpi whitish irrorated
with fuscous. Antennae grey; ciliations in male 1. Thorax
white irrorated with fuscous. Abdomen whitish; bases of
segments on dorsum brownish; tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs
whitish irrorated with fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Fore-
wings narrowly elongate, costa nearly straight except towards
apex, apex rounded, termen very obliquely rounded; white
irrorated throughout with fuscous; a fuscous dot in disc at 4;
cilia whitish mixed with fuscous. Hindwings and cilia pale-
rey.
: Smaller than the preceding, the forewings narrower with
straighter costa, the antennae with shorter ciliations.
Hab.—Queensland: Adavale, in April; two specimens.
MESOLECTA ANGUSTELLA.
Oecophora angustella, Wlk.: xxix., p. 694.
Talantis chimerina, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1888, p. 1601.
Nephogenes variabilis, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 22.
I believe these names to represent one species, which
occurs through the winter months, and is exceedingly variable,
some examples being almost wholly ochreous-whitish, others
almost wholly fuscous, with all intermediate gradations, and
scarcely any two quite alike. The antennal ciliations in male
are 4.
Hab.—Queensland: Eidsvold, Nambour, Brisbane, Strad-
broke Island, Mount Tambourine, Southport, Coolangatta,
Rosewood, Esk, Warwick; New South Wales: Sydney.
EUPRIONOCERA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 6.
Palpi with second joint moderately long, slightly exceed-
ing base of antennae, thickened with smoothly-appressed
hairs; terminal joint more than half second, stout, smooth,
acute. Antennae without basal pecten; of male shortly
pectinate. Forewings with 2 from before angle of cell, 7 to
termen. Huindwings broader than forewings, cilia short.
102
The only genus with pectinate male antennae. Type, £.
geminipuncta. The antennal structure differs in the two
species, chiefly in the length of the ciliations; but they appear
naturally associated.
EUPRIONOCERA GEMINIPUNCTA, Turn.: l.c.
Antennae of male shortly pectinate with short cilia-
tions (+).
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; three specimens.
EPRIONOCERA EREMNOPA, 0. sp. (épéuvwz7os, dark).
¢, 2; 19-21 mm. Head fuscous, more or less reddish
tinged. Palpi fuscous; terminal joint reddish with some fus-
cous scales. Antennae fuscous in male very shortly bipectinate
with tufts of long cilia (3). Thorax dark-fuscous or reddish.
Abdomen fuscous, bases of segments ochreous tinged. Legs
fuscous. Forewings broader in male, slightly dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex obtusely rounded, termen obliquely
rounded; fuscous, more or less reddish tinged, more so in
male; discal dots dark-fuscous ; first at 4, sometimes obsolete,
second on fold, usually obsolete, third before 2, more dis-
tinct; cilia grey. Huindwings and cilia grey.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Port Darwin, in November,
December, and January; nine specimens, received from Mr.
F:'P) Dodd''and: Mr. Gv Ff. Aik
Pyonocrera, Turn.: ante; 1896; aa
Head with side-tufts moderate, closely appressed. Palpi
rather short, smooth-scaled; second joint not reaching base
of antennae; terminal joint rather more than’ half second.
Antennae of male much thickened, serrate, with a double
row of tufts of lower cilia, ciliations over 1; in female filiform.
Thorax smooth. Forewings with 2 and 3 stalked from angle of
cell, 7 to termen.
There is no antennal pecten as a rule, but, as occurs in
other genera so characterized, one or two fugitive scales are
occasionally present.
PYCNOCERA HYPOXANTHA, Turn.: f.c., p. 22.
3, 20-25 mm. Forewings fuscous closely irrorated with
whitish-ochreous, markings formed by absence of irroration ;
a discal dot before middle, and sometimes a second beyond
this on fold; a large oval blotch or fascia from 4% costa to
tornus; a fine subterminal line angled beneath costa; cilia
fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, towards base and dorsum
ochreous; cilia fuscous, on dorsum ochreous.
2, 32-36 mm. Forewings with markings obsolete.
103
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in January and February ;
Coolangatta, in December; thirteen specimens.
WINGIA RECTIORELLA.
Palparia rectiorella, Wlik.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix., p. 775;
Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 430.
Palparia euryptera, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 3.
Hab.— Queensland: Brisbane; New South Wales: New-
castle, Sydney; Victoria: Moe.
WINGIA SUBROSEA.
Patparia subrosea, Turn.: |.c., 1894, p. 134.
The type is still unique.
Hab.—Queensland: Stradbroke Island.
WINGIA SYNNEPHELA, 01. sp. (cuvvededos, cloudy).
2,19 mm. Head whitish. Palpi whitish; external sur-
face of second joint grey suffused with rosy, but its base and
apex sharply whitish; tuft about as long as terminal joint.
Antennae grey, at base whitish. Thorax whitish-grey, with
some rosy suffusion at posterior apex. Abdomen whitish-grey ;
bases of joints on dorsum partly brownish; under-surface
pale-grey. Legs grey partly suffused with rosy; posterior pair
whitish. Forewings moderate, posteriorly dilated, costa
rather strongly arched, apex acute, slightly produced, termen
shightly sinuate beneath apex, thence nearly straight, oblique ;
grey suffused intimately with crimson, except towards termen ;
a whitish costal streak from base to 4+, with costal edge orange
for this distance; beyond this costal edge obscurely ochreous ;
an obscure fuscous discal dot at 2; a dark-grey terminal line ;
cilia pale-grey with a dark-grey spot at apex. Hindwings
whitish, towards apex greyish tinged; cilia whitish.
Allied to eonephela, but lacks the ochreous tinge of this
species; the basal costa] streak, longer palpi, with longer
tuft, less projecting scales between antennae, and absence of
rosy tinge on under-surface of abdomen, are _ reliable
characters.
flab. — Queensland: Stanthorpe, in October; one
specimen.
ZELOTECHNA PSITTACODES, Nn. sp.
(Wurraxwdys, like a parrot).
3, 22mm. Head grey with whitish points. Palpi with
second joint very long (about twice length of face), terminal
joint 4, slender, apical tuft of second joint about as long as
terminal joint; external surface bright crimson, except term-
inal joint and apical + of second joint, which are dark-grey,
104
the latter with whitish points, internal surface whitish.
Antennae pale-grey; ciliations in male 4. Thorax crimson,
anterior margin broadly grey. Abdomen whitish-ochreous ;
bases of segments on dorsum brownish ; under-surface crimson.
Legs grey with whitish points ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish.
Forewings rather narrow, scarcely dilated, costa strongly
arched, apex acute, produced, termen sinuate, very oblique ;
bright crimson with a few fuscous scales, mostly towards
dorsum; a very narrow white streak on costa from # to 2;
cilia pale-grey, bases crimson. Hindwings and cilia pale-
ochreous.
Hab.—Queensland: Coolangatta, in October; one speci-
men, taken among the sand-flora behind the beach.
Gen. Potyructa, nov. (zoAvevxtos, much desired).
Palpi very long; second joint extremely long (about
three times length of face), densely and evenly rough-scaled
beneath (not tufted), and_to a less extent on upper-surface ;
terminal joint rather less than 4 second, very stout, with
loosely appressed hairs. Antennae with strong basal pecten ;
in male with long ciliations. Thorax smooth. Forewings with
7 to apex. Huindwings with 3 and 4 stalked, 6 and 7 parallel.
Monotypical. A remarkable genus, not near any that
I know of. I do not think it has any real relationship to the
Wingia group, though there is certainly a _ superficial
resemblance.
POLYEUCTA CALLIMORPHA.
Palparia callimorpha, Low.: ante, 1894, p. 93.
Antennae in male stout, ciliations 24.
Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda, near Cairns, in April;
one specimen, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd.
PHYLLOPHANES, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 21.
Palpi long; second joint very long (about twice length
of face), smooth-scaled except towards apex anteriorly, where
there is a loose tuft of long hairs about half length of
terminal joint; terminal joint about 4, slender. Antennae
without basal pecten. Thorax smooth. Anterior tibiae
slightly dilated but smooth-scaled. Forewings with 7 to
termen; a strong tuft of scales on costa before middle.
I am still uncertain as to the true affinities of this genus,
of which the type is still unique and the male unknown.
PHYLLOPHANES DYSEURETA, Turn.: l.c.
flab.—Queensland: Brisbane; one female, beaten from
Hugema ventenatu.
105
Gen. Hypocrossa, nov.
(tBoxpoooos, with margin bent outwards).
Palpi moderate ; second joint reaching but not exceeding
base of antennae, expanded with long loose scales at apex ;
terminal joint as long as second, slender. Antennae without
basal pecten; in male with long ciliations. Thorax smooth.
Anterior tibiae and tarsi thickened with dense scales. Fore-
wings suboblong, costa with a median rounded protuberance ;
vein 7 to termen.
) Although structurally approaching Legdotarsa, the
different wing-shape, as well as the absence of an antennal
pecten, forbids its inclusion in this genus. The only species
has the facies of a J'ortricopsis.
HYBOCROSSA PARATYPA, nN. sp. (wapatumos, counterfeit).
3d, 25 mm. Head grey-whitish. Palpi grey-whitish ;
external surface of second joint, except apex, ochreous ; second
joint slightly expanded, with rough scales at apex. Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 4. Thorax ochreous-grey, margins
_grey-whitish. Abdomen pale-ochreous, bases of segments on
dorsum partly brownish. Legs pale-ochreous; anterior pair
fuscous anteriorly. Forewings suboblong, somewhat dilated
posteriorly, costa gently arched with a slight median rounded
protuberance, apex acute, slightly produced, termen sinuate
beneath apex, then straight, scarcely oblique; brownish-grey ;
costal protuberance suffused with whitish and preceded by
a fuscous costal mark; a fine line from midcosta to toruus,
strongly outwardly arched; cilia brownish-grey. Hindwings
pale-ochreous with a large apical dark-fuscous blotch; cilia
whitish-ochreous.
Hab,.—New South Wales: Sydney (Pymble), in Novem-
ber; one specimen, received from Mr. 8. H. Wyld.
LEPIDOTARSA ALPHITELLA, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 447.
Lepidotarsa leucella, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 135.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; New South Wales:
Waratah, Sydney.
LEPIDOTARSA CHRYSERYTHRA, Turn.: /.c.
Antennal ciliations in male 4.
fiab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in December and March.
LEPIDOTARSA IDIOCOSMA.
Peltophora idiocosma, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 210.
Antennal ciliations in male 4. Nearly allied to the fol-
lowing species.
/Hfab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine.
~
106
LEPIDOTARSA PENTASCIA, n. sp. (zevraokwos, five-shaded).
3, 20mm. Head and palpi ochreous-whitish. Antennae
ochreous-whitish; ciliations in male exceedingly long (8).
Thorax whitish-ochreous spotted with ochreous. Abdomen
ochreous-whitish, bases of segments on dorsum _ brownish-
ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ; anterior femora and tibiae
brownish-fuscous on inner half. Forewings not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex acute, termen sinuate, oblique;
whitish-ochreous ; five broadly-suffused lines of mixed ochreous
and fuscous; first on dorsum near base, short; second from
base of costa to mid-dorsum; third from 4 costa to tornus;
fourth from midcosta, meeting third at tornus; fifth from
2 costa to mid-termen; a small apical ochreous and fuscous
suffusion; cilia whitish-ochreous, apices fuscous-ochreous.
Hindwings and cilia ochreous-whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Coolangatta, in September; one
specimen, taken in tropical forest-growth. |
KUPHILTRA EROTICELLA, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 458.
Euphiltra thermozona, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 137.
Antennal ciliations in male 3.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Toowoomba, Warwick,
Killarney ; New South Wales: Sydney; Victoria: Melbourne,
EUPHILTRA ANGUSTIOR, Turn.: l.c.
Antennal ciliations in male 5. Very similar to the pre-
ceding, but the tornal cilia of the forewings is not fuscous,
and the fasciae, especially the second fascia, are narrower,
and they are not connected. The thorax in both is fuscous
anteriorly and white posteriorly, but in angustior ‘the pro-
portion of white is greater.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in September and October ;
Warwick, in October and November; Stanthorpe, in Novem-
ber; ten specimens.
EKUPHILTRA FUSIPLAGA, Nl. Sp.
©, 12 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi white; base of
second joint fuscous. Antennae fuscous. Thorax white, with
a broad transverse fuscous bar. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous.
Legs ochreous-whitish (anterior pair broken). Forewings
narrow-oblong, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed,
hindmargin very obliquely rounded; white, markings dark-
fuscous; a spot at base of costa; a fascia from costa before
middle, broadening in disc so as to extend on inner margin
from 4 to anal angle; a crescentic dot in middle of disc at 4;
a broad suffused fascia from costa at % to termen above tornus ;
od
107
termen from apex to second fascia broadly suffused with dark-
fuscous; cilia fuscous, in middle of termen and tornus white.
Hindwings and cilia fuscous. (The cilia in type specimen are
damaged.)
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; one specimen, taken by
Mr. Dodd, and now in coll. Walsingham.
EUPHILTRA EPILECTA, n. sp. (émiAexros, chosen).
3, 13-14 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi white; base of
second joint fuscous. Antennae dark-fuscous; ciliations in
male 5. Thorax dark-fuscous; a posterior spot and apices of
tegulae white. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish-
ochreous; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings narrow-oblong,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded; white; base of costa dark-fuscous; a
fuscous fascia from costa at 4 broadening in disc, and extend-
ing on dorsum from j to #, its anterior margin strongly out-
wardly curved, its anterior edge concave; a suffused fuscous
fascia from costa at 2 to tornus; an apical fuscous suffusion ;
and a broad dark-fuscous lhne along termen; cilia white,
apical half fuscous, on costa and tornus wholly white. Huind-
wings pale-grey; towards base whitish; cilia whitish.
Allied to #. fusiplaga, which, however, may be dis-
tinguished by its anteriorly white thorax.
Hab.—Queensland: Goodna, near Brisbane, in Septem-
ber ; Toowoomba, in September; two specimens.
KUPHILTRA CELETERIA, n. sp. (kyAnTypios, charming).
6, 9; 11-12 mm. Head white; side-tufts ochreous
tinged. Palpi white; base of second joint dark-fuscous.
Antennae dark-fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous; collar, apex
of tegulae, and posterior edge white. Abdomen ochreous-
grey. Legs dark-fuscous annulated with whitish; posterior
pair whitish. Forewings narrow-oblong, costa slightly arched,
apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; white; at base
faintly ochreous tinged; markings blackish-fuscous; a broad
streak along basal fifth of costa; a transverse fascia before
middle of disc, broadly dilated on margins, constricted in
middle; a second fascia from costa at 2 to tornus, moderately
broad, in disc suffused; a broad terminal fascia; cilia white,
at apex and tornus fuscous. Huindwings and cilia grey.
The form of the second fascia is sufficiently distinctive.
Hfab.—Queensland: Warwick and Killarney, in October ;
five specimens.
ZONOPETALA TEPHRASTIS, n. sp. (tédpacris, like ashes).
Q, 13 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antennae white.
Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish. Forewings broad-oblong,
108
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen sinuate,
not oblique; white suffused with pale ochreous-grey; three
or four pale-fuscous dots on apical part of costa; cilia grey.
Hindwings slightly sinuate beneath apex; grey-whitish; cilia
grey-whitish. |
An inconspicuous species not resembling any other of the
genus. _
| Hab. — Queensland: MInnisfail, in November; one
specimen.
CITHARODICA LEPARGA, n. sp. (Aérapyos, whitish).
3 , 22-26 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi
ochreous-whitish. Antennae whitish; in male stout with long
ciliations (5). Abdomen whitish; bases of segments on
dorsum, except the first three, tinged with brownish-ochreous ;
tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish; anterior pair
fuscous anteriorly. Forewings rather broad, somewhat dilated
posteriorly, costa gently arched, more strongly so towards
base, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; ochreous-
whitish ; markings fuscous, sometimes indistinct; a discal dot
at: +, another about middle of disc, and another on fold about
equidistant from the first two; a subterminal line of closely-
placed dots between veins, from beneath # costa to tornus;
cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings and cilia whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Evelyn Scrub, near Herberton, in
February ; Kuranda, in May; three specimens, received from
Mr. F. P. Dodd.
Gen. THyRoMORPHA, nov. (@updmopdos, door-shaped).
Palpi short; second joint short, not reaching base of
antennae, much thickened with appressed scales towards apex ;
terminal joint less than 4 second, stout. Antennae without
basal pecten; in male moderately ciliated. Thorax smooth.
Forewings with 7 to termen. Hindwings with 3 and 4
stalked, 5 curved and approximate to 4 at base.
Probably allied to the following genus. The type is a
stoutly-built insect.
THYROMORPHA STIBAROPIS, n. sp. (oTiBapwms, sturdy).
3, 24 mm. Head and thorax brown. Palpi fuscous-
brown, inner surface of second joint ochreous-whitish.
Antennae brownish-grey; ciliations in male 1. Abdomen
brownish-grey. Legs pale-brown; posterior pair ochreous-
whitish. Forewings broad, scarcely dilated, costa very
strongly arched near base, thence only slightly, apex rounded-
rectangular, termen rounded, scarcely oblique; rather dark-
brown mixed with paler brown; beneath costa alternate bars
109
of darker and lighter shade; costal edge slightly pinkish ;
a blackish discal dot in disc at 4 containing a few central
brown scales; a similar dot at %, centre more whitish; veins
minutely dotted with fuscous; cilia brown-whitish. Huind-
wings and cilia grey. |
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; one specimen.
Gen. PycnozaNcLa, nov.
(ruxvdgaykXos, with thick sickles [palpi)]).
Palpi with second joint reaching base of antennae,
moderately clothed with appressed scales, sometimes slightly
roughened anteriorly; terminal joint as stout as second, or
very nearly so. Antennae without basal pecten; in male
with moderate or rather long ciliations. Thorax smooth.
Anterior tibiae slightly dilated towards apex but smooth
scaled. Forewings with 7 to termen.
Type, P. acribes. The terminal joint of the palpi in
Hochrois and Homystis is certainly stout as compared with,
for instance, Philobota, but is not nearly so stout as the
second joint. I consider the separation of this genus, there-
fore, justified. The three species form a natural group to
which we may expect additions; acribes is probably attached
to Hugema, the other two species to tropical “‘scrub’’ trees.
PYCNOZANCLA ACRIBES.
EHomystis acribes, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 135.
Antennal ciliations in male 14.
Hab.—Queensland: Gympie, in April; Nambour, in
November; Brisbane, in December and February.
PYCNOZANCLA EPIPREPES.
Eurypelta epiprepes, Turn.: l.c., 1894, p. 136.
3, @; 16-22 mm. Antennal ciliations in male 2.
Hab.—Queensland: Townsville, in October ; Gympie.
PYCNOZANCLA ERYTHRODES, n. sp. (épvOpédns, red).
Peloo-24 mm, Head pale-yellow, side-tufts with some
red scales; face pale-yellow, margins red. Palpi_ red.
Antennae fuscous, basal joint red; ciliations in male 3.
Thorax red, irrorated with yellowish ; with a posterior fuscous
spot. Abdomen pale-ochreous, tuft faintly rosy tinged. Legs,
anterior pair red with some fuscous scales ; middle pair purple-
fuscous; posterior pair ochreous-whitish faintly tinged with
rosy. Forewings oblong, posteriorly dilated, costa very
strongly arched in basal half, posterior half straight, apex
rectangular, termen sinuate, not oblique; vermilion-red
irrorated with yellowish; along costa and inner margins
)
110
purple-fuscous ; posterior third of disc purple-fuscous sparsely
irrorated with red scales; with four narrow oblique irregularly-
waved purple-fuscous transverse lines; first from costa at 4 to
dorsum at +, very irregular and partly obsolete; second from
costa at 2 to middle of dorsum; third from middle of costa
to before tornus ; fourth from costa at # to tornus, outwardly
curved; cilia purple-fuscous. Hindwings pale-ochreous, at
apex fuscous tinged ; cilia pale-ochreous, at and beneath apex
purple-fuscous.
Hab. — Queensland: EKumundi, near Nambour, in
December; Mount Tambourine, in November; three
specimens.
EOMYSTIS EBENOSTICHA, n. sp. (€Gevoorixos, ebony-lined).
3, 21 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi
ochreous-whitish. Antennae whitish; ciliations in male 2%.
Abdomen whitish; bases of segments on dorsum, except the
first three, partly brownish-ochreous. Legs whitish. Fore-
wings rather narrow, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa gently
arched, apex acute, termen very obliquely rounded ; ochreous-
whitish with a subcostal greyish suffusion; costal edge near
base dark-fuscous ; a conspicuous blackish line along fold from
near base to tornus; a similar median line from 4 to termen ;
a fine blackish terminal line; cilia whitish. Hindwings
whitish-grey ; cilia whitish.
Allied to #. acutella. If the genus Homystis is retained
we must refer to it not only these two species, but also
dejunctella, protophaés, and probably some others, in which
the pecten is represented by a few scales only, or may be
absent. |
Hab.—Western Australia: Perth, in January; one
specimen.
EKOMYSTIS MELANOPLECTA, N. sp.
(weXavo7Aektos, interlaced with black).
3, @; 15 mm. Head white. Palpi ochreous-white,
bases of second and terminal joints dark-fuscous. Antennae
grey; ciliations in male 14. Thorax dark-fuscous, tegulae
white, posterior third ochreous-white. Legs ochreous-whitish
barred externally with fuscous; anterior aspect of anterior
pair mostly fuscous. Forewings slightly dilated, costa gently
arched, apex rounded-rectangular, termen sinuate, scarcely
oblique ; ochreous-white ; markings blackish, forming a coarse
network ; a spot on base of costa giving rise to an outwardly-
bent fascia ending near base of dorsum; a second fascia from
+ costa to # dorsum, expanded on margins, sometimes con-
nected to preceding beneath costa; a third fascia from 2 costa
_t tornus, much expanded on costa and containing two white
111
dots on costal edge; a discal spot in middle beyond second
fascia, and another subdorsal before third fascia (these may
be connected with each other and with both fasciae); an
apical dot; several terminal spots, sometimes coalesced ; cilia
ochreous-whitish with a sub-basal fuscous line. Hindwings
pale-grey, towards base more whitish ; cilia ochreous-whitish.
Quite isolated in the genus, not resembling any other
species.
Hab.—Queensland: Gympie; Eumundi, near Nambour,
in March ; two specimens.
KoCHROIS MAGNIFERELLA.
Bee pivicehia magniferella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix.,
p. 706.
0, 27 mm. Head and palpi white. Antennae grey,
towards base white. Thorax white finely irrorated with fus-
cous ; a few reddish scales in tegulae. Forewings oblong, costa
arched at base, thence nearly straight, apex round-pointed,
termen slightly oblique, scarcely rounded; white; markings
suffused fuscous and reddish; a reddish fascia near base; a
suffused fuscous fascia partly mixed with reddish from costa
at + to middle of dorsum, followed by a reddish spot in disc ;
a second similar fascia from costa beyond middle to before
tornus; a third deep-red fascia from costa at } to tornus,
followed by a reddish suffusion ; cilia white mixed with red-
dish. Hindwings with termen rounded; grey; towards apex
darker ; cilia whitish, bases grey. '
6, 21 mm. Antennae short with strong basal pecten
and extremely long ciliations (5). Thorax fuscous, patagia
whitish. Forewings much darker but little of the white
ground-colour being left between markings; cilia fuscous,
partly mixed with whitish at bases. Hindwings dark-grey ;
cilia grey.
The description of the female was taken by me from the
type in the British Museum; that of the male from a speci-
men taken at Ballina, on the Richmond River, by Mr. G.
A. Waterhouse. It is considerably smaller and more dusky
than the female, but I have no doubt that it is conspecific.
HELIOcAUSsTA acosMETA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 4.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane. Still unique.
HELIOCAUSTA ACHROA, Turn.: l.c.
Antennal ciliations in male 34.
Hab.—Queensland: Townsville, in May; Brisbane, in
December; Stradbroke Island, in December; four male
examples,
112
HELIOCAUSTA COMPLANULA, Turn.: l.c.
Antennal ciliations in male 3. Forewings narrower than
in acmaea, and hindwings not ochreous tinged.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Stanthorpe, in February ;
three male examples.
HELIocAaUSTA SIMPLEX, Turn.: d.c., p. 5.
Heliocausta plausibilis, Meyr.: Exot. Micro., i., p. 128 (1918).
Antenna! ciliations in male 25. The colour of forewings
from ochreous-grey to rosy ochreous-grey, but the rosy colour-
ation may be completely absent even from costal edge.
/ab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in September and October ;
Mount Tambourine, in October; New South Wales: Glen
Innes, in October; Victoria: Geelong ; Gisborne, in December.
HELIOCAUSTA PHANOZONA, Turn.: ante, 1896, p. 5.
5d, 29; 13-18 mm. Antennal ciliations in male 1.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August, January, and
April; four specimens.
HELIOCAUSTA RHODOPLEURA.
Philobota rhodopleura, Turn.: l.c., 1898, p. 208.
3, 9; 18-24 mm. Antennal ciliations in male 1. This —
species certainly has the antennal pecten better developed
than in other species of Heliocausta, but its natural affinities
are with them and not with Philobota. A good structural
point is the origin of vein 5 of the hindwing, which is bent
so as to be approximated to 4 .
Its nearest ally is sobriella, Wlk., which has also usually
a fairly-developed pecten and vein 7 of forewings ending in
termen, and should be equally referred to Heliocausta, unless,
indeed, a new genus be established for this and a few allied
species.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October and December ;
Stradbroke Island, in October and December; Mount Tam-
bourine, in November; New South Wales: Emmaville, near
Glen Innes.
HELIOCAUSTA PELOSTICTA, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1882, p. 473.
Antennal ciliations in male 24. In the female the whole
of disc, except a narrow area at base of costa and another on
anterior margin of terminal band, is suffused with purple-
fuscous, so that the two sexes are very distinct in appearance.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Coolangatta; New South
Wales: Murrurundi. |
113
HELIOCAUSTA ARRHODEA, n. sp. (dppodeos, not rosy).
3, 9; 18-22 mm. Head and thorax pale-grey. Palpi
pale-grey ; terminal joint fuscous anteriorly. Antennae grey ;
ciliations in male 34. Abdomen grey, bases of segments on
dorsum ferruginous-tinged. Legs fuscous; tarsi annulated
with whitish ; posterior pair except tarsi whitish. Forewings
moderately broad, posteriorly dilated, costa gently arched,
more strongly so towards base, apex rounded-rectangular,
termen straight, rounded beneath, slightly oblique; pale-grey
dotted with fuscous; a subcostal dot near base, a second
beyond it. in disc, and a third beyond that on fold; a dotted
line from % costa to 4 dorsum; a dot in disc at 4, a second
beneath it on fold, and a third at 2; a dotted line from
2 costa very obliquely outwards, then bent round and con-
tinued parallel to termen to tornus; cilia whitish-grey. Hind-
wings and cilia whitish-grey.
fab.—Victoria: Birchip, in April; three specimens,
received from Mr. D. Goudie.
HELIOCAUSTA IDIOSEMA, N. sp.
(iduonpos, with peculiar markings).
3, 9; 13-16 mm. Head grey-whitish. Palpi grey-whitish ;
external surface fuscous except apex of second joint. Antennae
fuscous annulated with whitish ; ciliations in male 25. Thorax
grey-whitish, posterior third reddish-fuscous. Abdomen
ochreous-fuscous; apices of segments paler. Legs whitish;
anterior pair fuscous. Forewings moderate, not dilated, costa
moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely
rounded ; reddish-ochreous ; a broad grey-whitish streak along
costa, at base reaching dorsum, with a prominent acute tooth
beyond middle, edged with dark-fuscous before and beyond
tooth and at apex, prolonged round apex along termen, nar-
rowing to a point above tornus; sometimes a few ochreous
scales included in costal streak; costal edge pale rosy ; some-
times a few purple-fuscous scales at and above tornus; cilia
whitish, bases fuscous, at tornus fuscous-grey. Hindwings
grey, towards base ochreous tinged; cilia grey, on costa and
apex ochreous-whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane; two specimens, at light,
in November and December.
HELIOCAUSTA SARCODES, n. sp. (capxwdys, flesh-colour).
3, 9; 20-24 mm. Head and palpi dull reddish-
ochreous ; face paler. Antennae fuscous, towards base pale-
reddish. Thorax dull reddish, more or less irrorated with
whitish scales. Abdomen ochreous. Legs ochreous-whitish ;
114
anterior pair dull-reddish, tibia and tarsi obscurely annulated
with fuscous. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa moderately
arched, apex obtusely rectangular, termen rounded, slightly
oblique ; uniformly dull reddish irrorated with whitish scales ;
costal edge pinkish, tips of scales whitish ; markings fuscous ;
a dot in disc before middle, a second beyond middle, a third
on fold obliquely beyond first; a slight fuscous suffusion on
middle of inner margin, usually obsolete; a faintly-marked
line of dots from costa at # very obliquely outwards, bent in
disc parallel to termen, ending at tornus; a faintly-marked
series of terminal dots; cilia whitish, basal half reddish.
Hindwings whitish-ochreous, towards apex and hindmargin
pale-fuscous; cilia fuscous with a pale basal line, towards
tornus whitish-ochreous.
Variety. Hindwings wholly fuscous except near costa.
Allied to H. triphaenatella, Wlk., of which Mr. G. Lyell
has sent me a fine series of bred specimens. The present
species 1s smaller, and differs in the uniform reddish coloration
of forewings.
Hab.—Queensland: SBrisbane, rather common; _ the
variety from Sandgate, near Brisbane; from September to
November; New South Wales: Sydney, in January.
HELIOCAUSTA XANTHISMA, n. sp. (dviopa, yellow).
3, 9; 18-20 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi yellow.
Antennae grey; ciliations in male 2. Abdomen grey; apices
of segments grey-whitish; tuft whitish-brown. Legs grey ;
posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings dilated posteriorly,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen sinuate,
oblique; yellow; a finely-waved, straight, transverse, purple
line from 2? costa to mid-dorsum, sometimes interrupted, some-
times completely absent ; cilia yellow. Hindwings rather dark-
grey; cilia grey.
Not related to any other species of the genus, and more
like a Philobota. Specimens with the transverse line deve-
loped are easily recognized, but those with unicolorous
forewings are very like unicolorous examples of Philobota
euxantha, They may be distinguished by the absence of a
pecten, and by vein 5 of hindwings being curved and nearly
approximated to 4 at base.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ben Lomond (4,500 feet) and
Ebor (4,000 feet), in December and January; taken abund-
antly among Leptospermum.
MACHETIS PLAGIOZONA, Nl. sp. (7Aayiogwvos, obliquely girt).
3, 14-20 mm. Head snow-white. Palpi white with some
blackish scales, basal half of second joint blackish. Antennae
115
fuscous; ciliations in male 4. Thorax blackish. Abdomen
whitish-ochreous with some fuscous irroration. Legs whitish-
ochreous; anterior pair fuscous, annulated with whitish.
Forewings moderate, scarcely dilated posteriorly, costa. moder-
ately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
snow-white, markings blackish; a broad streak along costa
from base to 4; an inwardly-oblique fascia from middle of
costa. to before middle of dorsum ; constricted below middle ;
a terminal band connected with median fascia below middle
of disc; terminal edge white; cilia white, basal half barred
with dark-fuscous, at apex and tornus dark-fuscous. Huind-
wings grey; cilia whitish-grey.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in February ; Toowoomba,
in December ; three specimens.
MACHETIS LATICINCTA, n. sp. (laticonctus, broadly girt).
, g, 11-13 mm. Head white. Palpi white; second joint
dark-fuscous externally except at apex. Antennae dark-
fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen pale-grey. Legs
dark-fuscous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings narrow-
oblong, costa gently arched, apex pointed, termen oblique,
scarcely rounded; white; markings dark-fuscous; a narrow
basal fascia; a broad outwardly-oblique fascia from middle
of costa, dilated on dorsum from middle to tornus, lower part
mixed with white; an oblong blotch at apex, from which a
fine line proceeds to tornus; cilia whitish. Hindwings and
cilia whitish-grey.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in March; three
specimens.
MACHETIS EUDMETA, n. sp. (evdunros, well-fashioned).
3, 12 mm. Head brown-whitish. Palpi whitish, basal
half of external surface of second joint dark-fuscous.
Antennae fuscous; in male slightly serrate and minutely
ciliated. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous; tuft
fuscous-whitish. Legs fuscous; tibiae and tarsi annulated
with whitish; posterior pair paler. Forewings narrow, not
dilated, costa gently arched near base, thence straight, apex
round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded; white; markings
dark-fuscous; a broad basal fascia, outer edge straight with
a slight costal projection; a broad transverse postmedian
fascia ; a terminal fascia confluent with preceding on tornus,
leaving only a costal spot at ?, and part of terminal edge
white; cilia grey, bases irrorated with fuscous. Hindwings
grey; cilia grey-whitish, at apex grey.
The forewings are more dark-fuscous than white, but
it is more convenient to describe the latter as the
116
ground-colour, so as to make the description comparable with
that. of the other species.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
one specimen.
SPHYRELATA LAETIFICA, n. sp. (laeteficus, cheerful).
Sphyrelata indecorella, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1883, p. 862; nec Wk.
I propose this name for the species described by Mr.
Meyrick. It is easily distinguished by the orange hindwings.
Hab.—Queensland: Stanthorpe, in February ; New South
Wales: Sydney, in March.
SPHYRELATA AMOTELLA.
Oecophora amotella, Wik.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxx., p. 1034.
Very similar to the preceding, but with grey hindwings.
I1ab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in March and April.
Uryptolechia indecorella, WIk., xxix., p. 764, is, I think,
not this species, but probably a Bulechria. The type is very
imperfect, and I was not able to identify it.
SPHYRELATA NEFANDA, Meyr.: Exot. Micro., i., p. 171 (1914).
Eulechria mesochra, Turn.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1916, p. 364
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane ; New South Wales, Sydney.
SPHYRELATA ACRITOPIS, n. sp.
(axpitwaets, confused, disorderly).
3, 12-14 mm. Head white, crown mixed with fuscous.
Palpi white; base of second joint dark-fuscous. Antennae
pale-fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous mixed with white.
Abdomen ochreous-fuscous; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fus-
cous; posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate-oblong,
costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen very
obliquely rounded; white, irrorated and mixed with fuscous ;
darker spots on costa at + and beyond middle; a dot in disc
at 4, a second beneath this on oe a third and fourth in
a line with first before and after 2; a row of terminal dots;
cilia fuscous mixed with whitish. Hindwings and cilia grey.
/lab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in October and November ;
three specimens.
SPHYRELATA PTOCHICA, n. sp. (7TwyxtKds, beggarly).
3, 9; 138-15 mm. Head, thorax, palpi, and antennae
dark-fuscous mixed with pale-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-
grey ; in female fuscous; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous
117
mixed with ochreous-whitish. Forewings narrow-elongate,
costa slightly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ;
pale-fuscous, irrorated with dark-fuscous ; an obscure dark dot
in disc at 4, and another, larger, before 4; a pale spot on
costa at }; cilia fuscous. Huindwings and cilia grey.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August and September ;
four specimens.
SPHYRELATA ARRHYTHMA, Nn. sp. (appvOuos, disorderly).
d,12-14mm. Head and thorax whitish. Palpi ochreous-
whitish with a few scattered fuscous scales, external surface
of second joint fuscous at base and just before apex. Antennae
ochreous-whitish annulated with fuscous. Abdomen grey,
base whitish, tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish ;
anterior and middle pairs fuscous anteriorly with whitish
bars on tarsi. Forewings narrow, not dilated, costa gently
arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ;
ochreous-whitish ; markings fuscous, obscure, and ill-defined ;
some irroration at base and towards margins; a line from costa
at one-third to apex, curved into disc nearly to mid-line;
within the enclosed area is a suffused spot on 4% costa; a
suffused spot at apex; several terminal dots; cilia whitish
with some fuscous bars best defined towards apex. Huindwings
and cilia whitish-grey.
An obscure little species. My examples are not in the
best condition.
Hab.—--Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
five specimens.
Gen. Puyzanica, nov. (dvarixos, shy).
Palpi rather short; second joint not reaching base of
antennae, rather stoutly thickened with appressed scales,
especially towards apex; terminal joint about #2 second,
slender. Antennae without pecten; in male slightly serrate,
ciliations imperceptible. Forewings with 2 from before angle,
6 to termen, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa. Hindwings with
3 and 4 connate, 5, 6, and 7 parallel.
PHYZANICA TAPINOPA, 0. sp. (tavefvwros, of mean appearance).
3d, 9; 12-13 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, and
abdomen pale-fuscous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair fuscous-
whitish. Forewings narrow, not dilated, costa gently arched,
apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; pale-fuscous finely
irrorated with dark-fuscous; markings dark-fuscous, often
indistinct ; a discal dot at +, a second beyond it on fold, a
third in disc beyond middle, and a fourth immediately beneath
and beyond third, sometimes confluent with it ; a submarginal
113
series of dots around apex and termen; cilia fuscous. Hind-
wings and cilia pale-grey.
A very obscure little species.
/fab.— Queensland : Brisbane, in August, September, and
October ; Toowoomba, in September ; seven specimens.
KUPSELIA ANOMMATA, Turn.: ante, 1898, p. 204.
/iab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in September; New South
Wales: Sydney, in October; three specimens.
Gen. NrEosiGaLa, nov. (veoctyados, glossy).
Palpi long, recurved ; second joint very long (about twice
length of face), thickened with appressed scales; terminal
joint about 4 second, rather stout, acute. Antennae moderate
(about 2 length of forewings), without pecten; in male
slightly serrate and minutely ciliated. Thorax smooth. Fore-
wings with 2 and 3 stalked from angle, 4 and 5 approximated
at base, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen just below apex. Huind-
wings with 3 and 4 connate or short-stalked, 5 bent and
approximated to 4 at origin, 6 and 7 parallel.
Allied to Mimozela, Meyr.
NEOSIGALA CEROPLASTA, Nl. sp. (kyporAagTos, Waxen).
gd, 18 mm. Head ochreous-whitish. Palpi ochreous-
whitish ; second joint suffused with fuscous externally except
at apex; apex of terminal joint fuscous. Antennae ochreous-
whitish. Thorax ochreous-whitish; patagia pale-fuscous.
Abdomen, basal half grey; apical half grey-whitish, bases
of segments on dorsum ochreous. Legs fuscous; posterior pair
ochreous-whitish. Forewings moderate, posteriorly dilated,
costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely
rounded ; ochreous-whitish with some pale-fuscous irroration ;
costal edge at base and markings fuscous; a discal dot at 4,
a second beyond it on fold, and a third in disc beyond middle ;
a subapical triangular spot giving off a very faint subterminal
line ; a terminal line thickened on veins ; cilia ochreous-whitish.
Hindwings whitish, with a fine fuscous terminal line; cilia
whitish.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in November ;
one specimen.
DOLEROMIMA TRIPUNCTELLA.
Cryptolechia tripunctella, Wlk.: Cat. Brit. Mus., xxix.,
p. 757; nec Meyr.: ante, 1902, p. 159.
O,23 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown-fuscous.
Palpi brown-fuscous ; internal surface of second joint, and a
few scales on external surface, whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior
119
pair faintly pinkish tinged and annulated with dark-fuscous.
Forewings narrow-oblong, strongly arched at base, thence
straight, apex rounded, termen very obliquely rounded ;
brown-fuscous; costal edge paler; a dark-fuscous discal dot
at 4, a second beyond middle, and a third on fold beneath
first ; cilia brown-fuscous. Hindwings and cilia dark-grey.
I took this description from Walker’s type in the
British Museum. It is said to be from Tasmania.
DOLEROMIMA COSMOPODA.
Pedois cosmopoda, Turn,: ante, 1900, p. 12.
Doleromima tripunctella, Meyr.: l.c., 1902, p. 159; nec Wlk.
Hab.—Queensland: Nambour and Brisbane, in August ;
Toowoomba, in September; New South Wales: Sydney ;
Victoria: Gisborne, in September.
DOLEROMIMA RHODOMITA.
Pedois rhodomita, Turn.: ante, 1900, p. 183.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in October and
January.
DOLEROMIMA RHAPHIDIAS, n. sp. (jadis, a needle).
3, Q. Head grey-whitish. Palpi whitish ; second joint
with a subapical fuscous ring, external surface fuscous at. base,
and again beyond middle, terminal joint fuscous. Antennae
whitish-grey. Abdomen grey-whitish, Legs whitish. Fore-
wings not dilated, costa strongly arched near base, thence
straight, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; grey-
whitish, with numerous streaks parallel to veins, brown mixed
with dark-fuscous ; a longitudinal streak in posterior and lower
part of cell; a darker streak along fold; on termen ends of
streaks are dilated and nearly confluent; cilia grey-whitish.
Hindwings and cilia very pale-grey.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, in August and September ;
four specimens.
BINSITTA EFFRACTELLA, Snel.: Tijd. v. Ent., xxii. (ii.),
pl. vu., figs. 17-25; Meyr.: ante, 1902, p. 164.
Teratomorpha coeliota, Turn.: l.c., 1896, p. 20.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Port Darwin; Queensland:
Townsville, Bowen.
SCORPIOPSIS, Turn.: /.c., 1894, p. 132.
Cerycostola, Meyr.: l.c., 1902, p. 168.
120
SCORPIOPSIS PYROBOLA. ;
Gonionota pyrobola, Meyr.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1886, p. 1041. | ,
Scorpiopsis superba, Turn.: ante, 1894, p. 138.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Rose-
wood; New South Wales: Newcastle.
OCTASPHALES EUBROCHA, n. sp. (ev¥Gpoxos, well knit).
3, 9;12-15 mm. Head whitish or whitish-grey. Palpi
whitish-grey ; inner surface whitish. Antennae whitish-grey.
Thorax whitish-grey. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish;
anterior pair grey anteriorly with white bars on tarsi. Fore-
wings broadly oval, costa strongly arched, apex very obtusely
rounded, termen not oblique, rounded beneath ; whitish-grey ;
veins finely dotted with fuscous; an outwardly-curved line,
suffused posteriorly, from + costa to + dorsum; costal edge
narrowly ochreous-whitish; a fine interrupted dark-fuscous
line on apex and termen, rarely reaching as far as tornus;
cilia whitish. Hindwings and cilia whitish.
In one female example the costal edge from near base to
apex is beautifully rosy.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (Moggill Creek Scrub), in
September, December, January, March, and April; twelve
specimens.
PERITORNEUTA STIGMATIAS, Pace ante, 1900, p. 14.
Forewings pale-fuscous or grey without pinkish tinge,
dots better marked than in the next species, in particular a
larger dot beneath middle of fold.
ffab.—Queensland: Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Kil-
larney.
PERITORNEUTA THYELLIA, Meyr.: ante, 1902, p. 162.
Closely allied to the preceding, but I think they are
distinct.
Hab.—Queensland: Rockhampton, Duaringa, Eidsvold,
Brisbane, Mount Tambourine, Coolangatta, Rosewood; New
South Wales: Newcastle.
121
NOTES ON SOME MISCELLANEOUS COLEOPTERA, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.—PAaRT III.
By Artuur M. Lea, F.E.S., Museum Entomologist.
[Contribution from the South Australian Museum. ]
[Read June 14, 1917.]
PuatTes XII. to XV.
CICINDELIDAE.
CICINDELA ANTIQUA, N. sp.
Pisa io, Es
gd. Of a dull-golden colour, in places with greenish or
fiery-red gleams; labrum, mandibles (tips black), palpi (tips
metallic), and elytra (but these with conspicuous markings)
milky-white; four basal joints of antennae metallic, the
others pale but lightly infuscated towards tip; sterna golden-
green in middle, becoming golden at sides, abdomen light
castaneous, the sides paler. With dense white setae from apex
of sides of prothorax to beyond middle of sides of abdomen,
and more expanded on sides of metasternum than elsewhere;
similar setae on femora, four front coxae, and forming a
fringe at apex of prothorax.
Head densely and finely corrugated, becoming shagreened
in middle of base. Labrum moderately long, middle produced
and hooked, with four setiferous punctures near the margin.
Prothoraz lightly transverse, apex bisinuate, with a bisinuate
impression near apex, another near base, and with a median
connecting line; surface densely and finely vermiculate or
coarsely shagreened. Scutellum with dense rugose punctures.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, sides near apex finely
serrated, each with a fine mucro at apex of suture; metallic
parts densely, coarsely, and angularly punctate, especially
about base. Legs long; three basal joints of front tarsi
_ somewhat dilated, and densely clothed on one side of under-
surface. Length, 10 mm.
Hab.—North-western Australia: Derby (W. D. Dodd).
Type (unique), I. 7541.
Of the ypsilon group of the genus, from all of which it is
readily distinguished by the coarse elytral sculpture (more
than twice as coarse as in rafflesia). The metallic parts of
elytra are very irregularly distributed, and are not alike on
both sides; almost all the metallic parts of the upper-surface
are without gloss (much like old metal), but the front parts
122
of the head are somewhat shining, and the parts below the
eyes are very bright.
DISTYPSIDERA PICTIPENNIS, Nn. sp.
@. Black, with a greenish or purplish gloss, the purple
more ‘pronounced on the under- than on the upper-surface ;
basal joint of antennae, base of mandibles, palpi (tips
excepted), shoulders, base, and an interrupted median fascia
on elytra, and parts: of the legs, more or less flavous.
Head conspicuously corrugated between eyes, basal
portion convex and finely shagreened. Labrum with three
teeth (each marked by a setiferous puncture) on each side.
Antennae rather long and very thm. frothoraz slightly
longer than wide, with a conspicuous transverse impression
near apex, and another near base ; nowhere corrugated, but the
disc very finely wrinkled, the sides being quite smooth. Hlytra
parallel-sided to near apex, where each is finely mucronate at
the suture; with dense and large punctures, becoming trans-
versely confluent only between median fascia and suture and
behind the fascia. Legs very long and thin. Length, 13 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Stewart River (W. D. Dodd). Type
(unique), I. 7533.
In general appearance like parva, but larger, pronotum
with wrinkling practically absent, and tip of labrum different.
In Sloane’s table parva is separated from gruts by the “Palpi
pale testaceous’’ as against ‘“‘Palpi with apical joints
black’’ ;) this species would therefore (by that table) appear
to be nearer to grutz, but it differs in being smaller, and with
the markings of the elytra with punctures as on the adjacent
spaces (as on .flavicans, flavipes, and parva), very different
to those of grutt, hackert, and volitans. The pale portions of
the elytra are a median fascia narrowed to the sides and
interrupted before the suture, and the shoulders with the
space adjacent to them both towards the suture, and in an
oblique direction from the medio-basal depression; of the
legs the pale parts are the trochanters, parts of the coxae,
basal half and lower parts of the four front femora, and
rather more than the basal half of the hind femora. The
apical fifth of the elytra is conspicuously dark metallic-green,
but between it and the median fascia the derm is more
purplish, the two colours rather sharply limited.
MEGACEPHALA AUSTRALIS, Chaud.
A specimen of this species from Adelaide has parts of the
four hind femora and tibiae deeply infuscated. There are
(1) On many specimens of parva in the Museum the apical
joints are quite as dark as on many of gruti.
123
specimens in the Museum from Cooper Creek, Coward
Springs, Goolwa, Hergott, Kangaroo Island, Karoonda,
Oodnadatta, Orrallina Springs, and Strathalbyn.
MEGACEPHALA BOSTOCKI, Cast.
It is only the female of this species that has a conspicuous
notch on each elytral margin; the black parts of the elytra
occasionally have a purplish or greenish gloss. There are.
specimens in the Museum from Barrow Creek, Daly River,
Derby, Laura, Roebuck Bay, and Tennant Creek.
MEGACEPHALA MURCHISONI, Fleut.
Mr. W. D. Dodd took a specimen of this species at Roe-
bourne, whose elytra are deep purple, the head (except
muzzle) and prothorax black, with purple gleams in places.
There are normal specimens in the Museum from Cue,
Kalgoorlie, and Lakes Austin and Lefroy.
CICINDELA IOSCELES, Hope.
On the more common form of this species (described as
hackert by Sloane) the white stripe near the side of each
elytron is continuous from the base to near the apex, with
several spur-like extensions towards the disc; but on many
specimens the stripe is broken up into three disconnected
curved spots. Specimens in the Museum are from Cairns,
Cape York, Kuranda, Endeavour and Stewart Rivers.
CICINDELA QUEENSLANDICA, Sloane.
The only male of this species in the Museum differs from
some females in being slightly smaller, and with the three
basal joints of the front tarsi densely pilose on the under-
surface. The late Mr. J. A. Anderson pointed out to me a
short stretch of the beach at Cairns where he had occasionally
seen it, and said that when disturbed it flew straight out
to sea. Recently the species has been taken at the Stewart
River, by Mr. W. D. Dodd.
CICINDELA PLEBEIA, Sloane.
I have taken this species in abundance at Nelson (near
Cairns) by means of the sweep-net, and am averse to regard-
ing it as a variety of mastersi. It is consistently much smaller
than that species (or its variety catoptriola), invariably
blackish, with curious longitudinal velvety patches on the
elytra (certainly traces of these are sometimes to be seen on
catoptriola), the lateral markings much reduced in size (some-
times absent), the postero-discal spot absent or very feeble,
and the median tooth of the labrum much more prominent.
124
CICINDELA YPSILON, Dej.
var. albicans, Chaud.
C’. ypsilon has very variable markings, and I have never
been able to satisfactorily distinguish albicans from it; in
Sloane’s revision the two are separated by—
¢. Without mucro at sutural apex of each elytron and
with apical curve hardly serrate ... ... Yypsilon
do. With a short mucro at sutural apex of each elytron,
apical curve strongly serrate Ass = ... albicans
but in all the males I have seen (including many from
Sydney) the male has a mucro at the apex, although it is
usually very small; serrations are also present, although
rather less distinct than in the Northern Queensland form
recognized as albicans. At the most it appears that albicans
should be regarded as a slight variety of ypsilon.
CICINDELA FRENCHI, Sloane.
The male (not described by Sloane) differs from the
female in being somewhat narrower, with the three basal
joints of front tarsi somewhat wider, and densely pilose on
the under-surface. The metallic parts of the upper-surface
are decidedly green on one of the males, especially on the
head and prothorax. The Museum specimens are from Derby.
The other Australian species in the Museum are as
follows :—
MEGACEPHALA BLACKBURNI, Fleut. Elder Expedition.
. CRUCIGERA, Macl. Cairns.
. cyLinpRIca, Macl. Lake Callabonna, MacDonnell
Ranges, Peake.
. FRENCHI, Sloane. Murchison.
. GREYANA, Sloane. Western Australia.
. HELMSI, Blackb. Types.
. HOPEI, Cast. Derby.
HOWITTI, Cast. Lake Callabonna.
. HUMERALIS, Macl. Stewart River.
. MARGINICOLLIS, Sloane. Daly River.
. MURCHISONI, Fleut. Cue, Kalgoorlie, Lake Austin.
. SCAPULARIS, Macl. Northern Queensland.
DISTYPSIDERA FLAVICANS, Chaud. Northern Queensland,
Brisbane.
D. FuLAvipEes, Macl. Cairns. |
D. cruti, Pasc. Cairns, Coen, Endeavour and Stewart
Rivers.
D. HACKERI, Sloane. Coen River.
D. parva, Macl. Cairns, Coen River.
Sees eee ee ee
125
D. unpuULATA, Westw. Brisbane, Gympie, Mungar Junc-
tion, Port Denison.
D. vorirans, Macl. Mackay.
CICINDELA ALBOLINEATA, Macl. Derby.
C. BRownl, Sloane. Lake Austin.
DARWINI, Sloane. Darwin.
DISCRETA, Schaum., var. FROGGATTI, Macl. Cairns.
poppI, Sloane. Cairns, Coen and Stewart Rivers.
LEAI, Sloane. Cairns, Coen and Stewart Rivers.
LEAI, var. NIGELLA, Sloane. Cairns, Coen, Daly,
and Stewart Rivers.
MASTERSI, Macl. New South Wales, Cue, Innamincka.
MASTERSI, var. CATOPTRIOLA, Horn. Cairns, Cunna-
mulla, Darwin, Derby, Fortescue, and Stewart
Rivers.
NIGRINA, Macl. Cairns, Darwin, Kuranda, Coen and
Stewart Rivers.
RAFFLESIA, Chaud. Carnarvon.
SEMICINCTA, Br. Cairns, Calvert Expedition, Endeav-
our and Fortescue Rivers, Mount Painter (Flinders
Range), Port Darwin.
C. soreTiGeRA, Horn. Lake Alexandrina, Yorke Penin-
sula.
C. TETRAGRAMMA, Boi. Kalgoorlie.
TRICONDYLA APTERA, Oliv. Coen River.
We Oonle
Qe
PSELAPHIDAE.
HAMOTOPSIS AURICOMUS, Lea.
Taken by Mr. Feuerheerdt at Lucindale from nests of
Amblyopone australis, and of Ectatomma metallicum.
BATRISODES BIMUCRONATUS, Raffr.
A specimen of this species was taken by Mr. HE. H.
Zeck from ‘‘amongst a swarm of small black ants, possibly
Iridomyrmex, sp.’’
ARTICERUS FORTNUMI, Hope.
This species is common in many parts of South Australia,
in nests of several species of Iridomyrmex. On one occasion
140 were taken from a small nest under a stone at Angaston ;
they were freely mating, and the ants appeared to take no
notice of them.
ARTICERUS CYLINDRICORNIS, Rafir.
_Common in many parts of South Australia in nests of
Iridomyrmex nitidus.
126
PAUSSIDAE.
PAUSSUS AUSTRALIS, Blackb.
I examined the type of this species shortly after its
description, and although it was recorded as from Mount
Bartle-Frere in Queensland, was dubious as to the locality,
and recently wrote to Mr. Arrow about it. In reply he wrote,
“It is an Abyssinian species, I think P. chevrolati, Westw.’’
No doubt the error was due to the misplacement of a label.
HISTERIDAE.
CHLAMYDOPSIS comaTA, Blackb.
Lucurtia paradoxa, Mjob.
Being doubtful as to whether these names represented
more than one species, I asked Mr. Lewis’ opinion as to the
same; in reply he wrote, ‘“Mr. Arrow and I have carefully
compared the type of Blackburn’s C’. comata, with Hucurtia
paradoxa, and we both consider the figure of the last species
represents the first.’’
SCARABAEIDAE.
DIPHUCEPHALA REGALIS, 0. sp.
3. Golden-green or golden, elytra purple, legs flavous,
hind tibae (except base) and tarsi (except claws) and club of
antennae black. Head and prothorax (except along middle)
with depressed ochreous scales, under-surface and pygidium
with denser and paler scales, middle of abdomen without
scales, but with rather long, stramineous setae, becoming
fasciculate at tip; legs with long setae, similar in colour to
the parts on which they rest.
Head with fairly dense punctures, distinct at base but
more or less concealed elsewhere; clypeus elongate, sides
gently rounded, tips feebly elevated, the notch incurved to.
middle. Prothorax about as long as the basal width, apex
much narrower than base, median line rather deep, narrow,
and continuous, each side of middle with a transverse line
completely isolated from median line, and marked by a
conspicuous angle on the side; punctures rather small, sparse,
and sharply defined, except where concealed by clothing.
Scutellum polished and impunctate. Hlytra distinctly wider
than prothorax; with several feeble longitudinal ridges,
between which are numerous irregular and rather shallow
punctures, the whole (except for the shoulders) finely shag-
reened. Front tebiae with a strong tooth near the apical hook ;
front tarsi with first joint rather small, second very wide,
third somewhat narrower, fourth small; hind tarsi much
longer than tibiae. Length (d¢, 9), 64-64 mm.
127
©. Differs in having the head smaller, clypeus with a
conspicuous transverse carina, the tips less elevated, and the
space between them less incurved, legs shorter, front tarsi
much narrower, and abdomen more convex in middle, with
the long setae less conspicuous.
Hab.—Queensland: Claudie River (J. A. Kershaw),
Coen River (H. Hacker, from C. French’s collection). Types
in National Museum.
An extremely beautiful species, in some respects close
to pulcherrima, but club black, no part of elytra reddish, and
front tarsi much wider; from the variety of nitens with
purplish elytra it differs in being larger, elytral punctures
very different, and clothing of prothorax and head much
denser, etc.
DIPHUCEPHALA NIGRITARSIS, N. sp.
¢d. Golden green, parts of upper-surface with a
reddish gloss, legs reddish-flavous, three or four apical joints
of tarsi and club of antennae black. Rather densely clothed
with depressed and moderately long setae, stramineous on
upper-surface, whitish elsewhere, but black on dark parts
of tarsi.
Head with crowded, reticulate, shagreened punctures;
tips of clypeus strongly produced and rounded off, the notch
deep and wide. Prothorax rather strongly transverse, sides
acutely angular in middle, with a rather deep and wide
median depression narrowed to apex, with a deep curved
impression towards each side and almost traceable to middle;
punctures much as on head. Scutellum polished and (except
at base) impunctate. Hlytra not much wider than prothorax,
shoulders rounded, each with two rather feeble discal costae;
with rather large and deep, sharply-defined punctures, many
of which are transversely confluent. Legs moderately long;
front tarsi scarcely wider than middle ones. Length, 8 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Barrington Tops, January,
1916 (H. J. Carter). Type (unique), I. 6668.
In general appearance close to ignota, but elytra with
punctures larger, the transverse arrangement more evident,
and the front tarsi much narrower; from nztidicollis, with
which it would be associated in Blackburn’s table, it differs
in its much denser and otherwise different prothoracic punc-
tures, larger elytral ones, and in its more golden colour. The
elytral clothing (which has nowhere a linear tendency) is
rather sparser than elsewhere; the tip of the pygidium is
glabrous.
PHYLLOTOCIDIUM BIMACULIFLAVUM, Nn. Sp.
é. Black, with a more or less purplish or brassy gloss;
sides of prothorax narrowly flavous with a metallic gloss,
128
scutellum metallic-green, each elytron with a large irregular
flavous spot, commencing near the base and occupying most
of the basal third ; parts of under-surface conspicuously green,
legs varying from flavous to black, the femora more or less
conspicuously green; parts of antennae and of palpi obscurely
flavous. Sides of under-surface with rather dense, whitish
hairs, elsewhere with scattered hairs; upper-surface almost
glabrous.
Head with crowded and sharply-defined but not very
large or deep punctures; clypeal suture well defined; labrum
gently incurved to middle. Prothoraz lightly transverse,
sides moderately rounded in middle, front narrowed, with the
front angles produced to about middle of eyes, hind angles
almost rectangular, median line feeble; punctures sharply
defined but not very dense. Seutellum except at tip with
rather dense punctures. Hlytra at base the width of prothorax,
slightly dilated to beyond the middle; with irregularly dis-
tributed punctures of small size; striation feeble and irregu-
larly defined. Four front tarsi, each with two conspicuous
whitish lamellae between the claws. Length, 63-7 mm.
Hab.—-New South Wales: Dorrigo (H. J. Carter, from
R. J. Tillyard). Type, I. 6885.
Much larger and very differently coloured to either of
the two previously-named species (macleayz2 and pictwm).
Two specimens agree well in colour, a third has prothorax
flavous, with a metallic gloss and two large irregular infus-
cate vittae; its elytra are mostly flavous, with an irregular
purplish post-median fascia narrowly connected along the
sides with the shoulders; its sterna and legs are also mostly
flavous, but with a greenish gloss.
MALACODERMIDAE.
LAIUS MIRACULUS, N. sp.
ghia at Relig efaaige
3g. Flavous or reddish-flavous; two small spots at base
of head, two oblique elliptic discal spots on pronotum, each
shoulder, and a large somewhat curved patch towards apex
of each elytron, metasternum, hind tibiae, and tarsi, and tip
of hind femora, more or less metallic-green ; tips of pygidium,
middle tarsi, and apical half of antennae infuscated. Clothed
with short, sparse pubescence, and in addition (more notice-
ably on the elytra than elsewhere) with erect, blackish hairs.
Head minutely punctate; with a transverse semidouble
impression at base, and a smaller (and also semidouble) one
between eyes. Antennae short, first joint slightly longer than
second and third combined, second larger than third, but
129
much the same shape, third-ninth equal in length but slightly
diminishing in width, tenth distinctly longer. than ninth.
Prothoraz rather widely transverse, much wider at apex than
at base, a conspicuous pointed process from middle of apex,
each side near apex with a large subtriangular excavation,
overhanging each of which is a conspicuous pointed process ;
punctures small and sparse. Hlytra parallel-sided, very little
wider than apex of prothorax, finely wrinkled and shagreened.
Second joint of front tars: concealing third from above, with
a conspicuous black curved rim. Length, 3% mm.
Hab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd). Type (unique), I. 7563.
Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
three remarkable processes on the prothorax; it is one of the
very few species whose (apparent) second joint of antennae
is not distorted in the male. The spots at the base of the head
are distinct on the type, but are so close to the base that they
may be concealed on some specimens. |
LAIUS APICICOLLIS, n. sp.
Bi xk nes, 9 Sl.
dg. Flavous; the elytra reddish-flavous, with the
shoulders and a somewhat curved subapical patch on each
metallic-purple; medio-basal portion of head, medio-apical
portion of prothorax, metasternum, middle tarsi, hind tibiae
and tarsi, and tips of femora and antennae (basal joints
excepted) more or less black. With numerous erect blackish
hairs, and sparse, fine, whitish pubescence.
Head largely and irregularly excavated at the base, with
a conspicuous black semidouble tubercle in the middle; with
minute scattered punctures. Antennae rather short, first
joint as long as the three following combined, second-seventh
of much the same shape, the second very little longer than
third, eighth produced to one side at apex, ninth and tenth ©
curved backwards. Prothorax moderately transverse, sides
rather strongly rounded, middle of apex suddenly depressed,
with from the edge of the depression a conspicuous semi-
double elevation ; with small, scattered punctures. Hlytra not
much wider than prothorax; surface wrinkled and with very
fine punctures. Second joint of front tarsi concealing third
from above, with a conspicuous black outer rim. Length,
5 mm.
flab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd). Type (unique), I. 7562. |
Readily distinguished from all other described species
of the genus by the remarkable base of head and apex of
prothorax ; its nearest ally is armicollis, but that species has
F
130
the parts mentioned very different, and differs considerably
in its markings.
LAIUS MIROCERUS, N. sp.
Pl. xi. ie. 3) epi. xi nee
3. Dark metallic-blue (in places almost black) ; medio-
apical portion of elytra and most of second joint of antennae
reddish-flavous. Clothed with numerous erect, whitish and
greyish hairs, and with sparse, whitish pubescence.
Head obliquely flattened in front ; with rugose but rather —
small punctures. Antennae moderately long, first joint stout
and somewhat angular, second large and distorted, convex
on the lower surface, irregularly concave on the upper, third
to ninth joints each with a ramus somewhat longer than its
supporting joint, tenth joint somewhat longer than ramus
of ninth. Prothorax fully twice as wide as long, sides
strongly and evenly rounded; surface sparsely granulate-
punctate. #lytra not much wider than prothorax, sides
feebly dilated to near apex; finely wrinkled and shagreened
and subgranulate. Front t2b:ae with apical third somewhat _
dilated, front tarsi with second joint very little larger than
first, and not concealing third. Length (3, 9), 34-4 mm.
@. Differs in having less prominent eyes, antennae
with the first joint smaller, second much smaller, not distorted
and much the shape of third, fourth to ninth serrate, pro-
thorax flavous with a black discal patch, front tibiae shorter,
not’ dilated at apex, and front tarsi thinner.
Hab.—Victoria: Sea Lake (J. C. Goudie, his Nos. 803
and 808). Type, I. 7587.
Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
pectinate antennae of the male; on two females there is a
black, discal, isolated blotch on the pronotum, but on two
others the blotch is larger and connected with each
side towards the base. The female in some respects resembles
some females of destortus, but the antennae are more notice-
ably serrated with the eleventh joint conspicuously longer,
and the elytral punctures much less noticeable.
-LAIUS MELANODERES, Nn. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 10, 32, 33.
d. Black; a wide median fascia on elytra narrowly
connected along suture with a dilated apical portion, abdomen
(each segment infuscated on each side) and second joint of
antennae flavous. Comparatively densely (for the genus)
clothed with short, whitish pubescence.
Head rather wide, with prominent eyes; punctures
moderately dense and rugose. Antennae not very long, first
131
joint stout and dilated to near apex, second large, distorted,
and lop-sided, convex on lower-surface, irregularly concave
on upper, the following joints all short. Prothorax very
little wider than long, sides rounded and distinctly wider at
apex than at base, with a transverse depression near base;
with dense and small, subrugose punctures, but becoming
rather sharply defined on sides. Hlytra wider than base of
prothorax, sides gently dilated to beyond middle; with dense
and small but sharply-defined punctures, quite as distinct on
all parts of the’ black markings as elsewhere. Length
(3, 9), 2-24 mm. 3
Q. Differs in having first joint of antennae smaller,
second joint much smaller and not distorted, and in the
front tarsi.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 7569.
The pattern of the elytral markings is somewhat as on
some of the smaller species, but the entirely black prothorax
and curious second joint of antennae are very distinctive; the
second joint of the antennae of the female is much larger than
is usual on that sex, being almost as long as the third and
fourth combined, and considerably stouter.
LAIUS FLAVONOTATUS, Nn. sp.
faust. nes ALS 34. 35,
3d. Black, with a vague bluish gloss; elytra with seven
flavous spots, second joint of antennae and part of abdomen
reddish-flavous. Clothed with short, blackish pubescence.
Head gently convex, with a longitudinal impression in
middle, with an impression in front of each eye; with dense
and small punctures. Antennae short, first joint stout, with
an angular elevation in middle, second large and distorted,
convex on the lower-surface, irregularly concave on the upper,
and with irregular elevations, appearing different from almost
every point of view, the following joints all short. Prothoraz
strongly transverse and evenly convex, sides strongly rounded ;
with small and very dense punctures. Hlytra at base not
much wider than base of prothorax, but distinctly dilated to
near the apex; with dense, fairly large, and sharply-defined
punctures, smaller and sparser on the postmedian and apical
spots than elsewhere. Second joint of front tars: rather large
and lop-sided. Length (3, 9), 24-22 mm.
Differs in having the head scarcely impressed along
middle, and not excavated in front of eyes, first joint of
antennae smaller and simple, second much smaller and simple
(it is, however, much larger and stouter than the third), and
in the front tarsi.
F2
132
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 7568.. :
A small black species, with elytral spots very different
to those of any previously-described Australian species; they
are almost sulphur-coloured, and four form a transverse series
just before the middle, two near the apex, and one (common
to both) at the apex itself. The excavation in front of each
eye of the male is narrowly margined with flavous; the elytral
suture is less elevated than is usual in the penne,
LAIUS SORDIDUS, Nn. sp.
2. Of an opaque, dingy, light castaneous-brown ; three
basal joints of antennae paler, the others infuscated, elytra
with obscure markings across the basal fourth and across the
middle. With numerous long, erect, blackish hairs scattered
about.
Head larger than usual, densely and finely punctate or
shagreened: with a narrow median line. Antennae not very
long, first joint about as long as three following combined,
second almost as long as two following combined, the others
all small, but tenth distinctly longer than ninth. Prothoraz
moderately transverse, sides strongly rounded in front, and
subarcuate towards base, with a wide sub-basal depression,
surface sculptured much as head. Hlytra much wider than
base of prothorax, sides dilated to near apex; surface shag-
reened and very densely punctate. Hind tzbiae rather long
and moderately curved. Length, 34-32 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Hughendon (A. M. Lea). Type,
1.7570: |
A sordid species in general appearance, strikingly differ-
ent to any other known from Australia, and hence has been
described, although only two females were taken. On the
basal fourth of the elytra there is an obscure infuscated
fascia extending from the side to the suture, at the middle
there is another fascia, distinct at the sides but very feeble
towards the suture; the space between the two fasciae is
conspicuously paler than elsewhere on one specimen, but not
much so on the other. :
LAIUS AMMOPHILUS, Nn. sp. |
Pl ~xii1., fies’ 22agm:
2. Bright metallic bluish-green or purplish; prothorax,
parts of elytra and of appendages flavous, rest of appendages
and under-surface black, with a more or less metallic gloss.
Clothed with rather short, suberect pubescence.
Head with crowded and comparatively coarse punctures.
Antennae moderately long, first joint as long as second and
133
third combined, second as long as third and fourth combined,
tenth distinctly longer than ninth. Prothorax widely trans-
verse, sides strongly rounded; punctures at sides much as on
head, but less crowded in middle. Hlytra at base not much
wider than widest part of prothorax, sides gently dilated to
near apex; surface finely shagreened and with comparatively
coarse, crowded punctures, no sparser on any of the metallic
parts than elsewhere. Length, 34-4 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Lake Cailabonna (A. Zietz),
Orrallina Springs (R. T. Maurice). Type, I. 7583.
I have named the specimens before me, although they
are females, as the elytral markings are quite as densely and
strongly punctured as the surface in their vicinity; the head
is also unusually flat, and with punctures very similar to those
on the elytra. Four specimens were taken, of which two (one
of which is the type) have the whole of the dark markings on
the elytra connected (fig. 12), on the other two (fig. 13) the
basal and subapical markings are disconnected, but- the sub-
apical ones are connected across the suture. On three
specimens the antennae are pale, but infuscate towards the
tips, but the specimen from Orrallina Springs has the eight
apical joints black, with a slight bluish gloss; the front tibiae
and tarsi are flavous, the middle ones somewhat infuscated.
LAIUS ACERVATUS, N. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 14, 36, 37.
g. Flavous or reddish-flavous; head (parts of muzzle
excepted), scutellum, mesosternum, metasternum, most of
abdomen, hind femora, and part of middle femora black, with
a slight metallic gloss, tarsi and part of front femora infus-
cated ; each elytron with a large basal spot (the two conjoined
at suture), and a large, free, suboval, subapical spot metallic-
green (or blue). Moderately densely clothed with short,
suberect, whitish pubescence.
Head almost flat between eyes, and with very minute
punctures. Antennae moderately long, first joint stout and
dilated to apex, second large and distorted, convex on lower-
surface, irregularly concave on upper, third to ninth moder-
ately long and lightly serrate, tenth thin, as long as eighth
and ninth combined. Prothorax almost twice as wide as long,
sides strongly rounded; with fairly distinct punctures on
sides, but sparse and indistinct in middle. EFlytra very little
wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex;
with dense and small, but sharply-defined punctures, as
distinct on all parts of metallic markings as elsewhere. Second
joint of front tarsi with a conspicuous, black outer rim.
Length (3, 9), 34-4 mm.
134
Q. Differs in having the eyes less prominent, no part
between these and the antennae flavous, the antennae shorter ;
first joint less dilated to apex, second much smaller and simple
(but almost as long as the third and fourth combined), elytra
less parallel-sided, and in the front tarsi.
Hab.—Queensland: Winton (A. M. Lea).
A small species with elytral punctures quite as sharply —
defined on the whole of the metallic parts as elsewhere; a
character by which it may be readily distinguished from
carus, eyrensis, and other species with somewhat similar
markings; the entirely pale antennae are also distinctive. A
female (from Hughendon) appears to belong to the species,
but is not quite so brightly coloured.
LAIUS STENOTARSUS, N. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 15, 38.
¢. Flavous; head (except sides of muzzle), seven apical
joints of antennae, scutellum, mesosternum, metasternum,
most of abdomen, hind legs, and most of middle ones, black
or blackish; elytra metallic-blue, with a wide, median, flavous
fascia dilated at suture and sides. Clothed with long,
straggling, blackish hairs, and with sparse, pale pubescence.
Head with dense and minute punctures. Eyes more -
prominent than usual. Antennae moderately long, first joint
stout, dilated to apex and there acutely produced upwards,
second large and distorted, convex on the lower-surface and
irregularly concave on the upper, with an obtuse elevation
at the middle of the inner edge, third joint longer than fourth,
the others feebly decreasing in size, but tenth distinctly
longer than ninth. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides
strongly and evenly rounded, a shallow transverse depression
towards base. SH#lytra not much wider than widest part of
prothorax, sides almost parallel to near apex; with crowded
and rather small, but sharply-defined punctures, becoming
much smaller and sparser on parts of the metallic markings.
Front femora largely excavated in middle; front tarsi much
thinner than usual, but second joint with a thin black outer
rim. Length, 3 mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Daly River (H. Wesselman).
Type (unique), I. 7577. :
Of the size and general appearance of carus, and with
similar (except as to colour) front legs, but apical markings
of elytra connected across suture, two basal joints of antennae
entirely pale, the projection at tip of the first joint stouter,
and the second somewhat different in shape; from egenus it
differs in being narrower, with coarser punctures on the basal
markings of elytra, and in its pale front legs. A single
135
specimen was sent (with many other insects) as having been
taken from an insect-catching plant.
LAIUS CONCAVIFRONS, 0. sp.
Piivsivagse LG oo,
d. Flavous, in places reddish-flavous; basal half of
head, scutellum, metasternum, and most of abdomen black,
apical half of antennae more or less lightly infuscated ; elytra
with two longitudinal metallic-blue or purple vittae, each
narrowed in middle. Clothed with short, blackish, upright
setae, and with very sparse pubescence.
Head gently convex between eyes (these unusually promi-
nent) and concave in front, the concavity bounded on each
side by a distinct oblique ridge; with minute, irregularly-
distributed punctures. Antennae moderately stout, first joint
incurved on one side, subangularly dilated on the other,
second large and distorted, convex on lower surface, irregu-
larly concave on upper, triangularly produced on inner side
of base, none of the following joints serrated, tenth distinctly
longer than ninth. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides
strongly rounded, with a transverse depression near base;
sides with dense and subrugose punctures, the middle shining
and with sparse and minute ones. Hlytra not much wider
than widest part of prothorax, sides feebly dilated to near
apex ; with crowded and sharply-defined punctures, becoming
much smaller and sparser on parts of the metallic markings.
Second joint of front tarsi partly overhanging third, and
with a conspicuous, black outer rim. Length (cd, Q),
3-35 mm.
Q. Differs in having less prominent eyes, scarcely con-
cave in front, antennae shorter, first joint smaller and thinner,
~second much smaller and simple (not as long as the third
and fourth combined), elytra less parallel-sided, and in the
front tarsi. |
Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type,
I. 7576.
The elytral markings are suggestive of some forms of
flavomctus, but structurally the species is closer to eyrensis,
from which it differs in the longitudinally-connected mark-
ings of elytra (on one female the markings are blackish
and almost disconnected in the middle), red muzzle, with
sides of head conspicuously elevated, and in the very different
basal joints of antennae. The suture and margins of elytra
are now conspicuously red, in strong contrast to the flavous
parts, but not much reliance is to be placed on this, as in
all probability the pale parts in time will become of a
uniform shade of colour: On some of the specimens the front
136
of the prothorax is semitransparent, allowing part of the head
to appear as a dark subapical line; but this also will probably
disappear in time. There are nine specimens under examina-
tion, but only one male.
LAIUS FILAMENTARIUS, N. Sp.
Pl. xiu., figs. 17, 40.
3. Reddish-flavous; head (except apical third) and
elytral markings bright metallic-blue (or purple); scutellum,
mesosternum, metasternum, parts of abdomen, legs, and
seven apical joints of antennae black, with a more or less
distinct bluish gloss. Upper-surface with numerous long,
upright, blackish hairs, head, under-surface, and legs
moderately densely pubescent.
Head flattened between eyes, with a shallow depression
in front and another across base; punctures inconspicuous.
Eyes rather large and prominent. Antennae moderately
long, first joint stout, dilated to near apex, second large and
distorted, convex on lower-surface, irregularly concave on
upper, with two long, thin filaments (each about the length
of the first joint) projecting obliquely backwards from the
front edge, the edge between them semicircularly notched,
the following joints all longer than wide, and not serrated,
tenth distinctly longer than ninth. Prothorax strongly trans-
verse, widest at apical third, with a shallow depression near
base; punctures very sparse and small. FHlytra at base
scarcely wider than widest part of prothorax, sides feebly
dilated to near apex; with crowded and rather coarse,
sharply-defined punctures, becoming much smaller and
sparser on most of the metallic parts. Front tarsi with two
basal joints closely applied together. Length (d¢, 9), 5-6 mm.
Q. Differs in having the head smaller, with less promi-
nent eyes, depressions less distinct, with an almost isolated
flavous spot in front; antennae with first joint thinner, second
much smaller and simple (about as long as third and fourth
combined), elytra less parallel-sided, and in the tarsi.
Hab.—Queensland: Emerald (twelve specimens, A. M.
Lea); New South Wales: Albury (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 7547.
In general appearance like large specimens of bellulus,
but at once distinguished from that species (as from all others
of the genus) by the two long filaments on the second joint
of the male antennae (the male of hackeri has two long
processes there, but they are of very different shape, and
that species differs in many other respects). Part of the
basal joint of the male antennae is blackish, and the second
joint has a narrow blackish line (invisible from above). The
137
metallic markings of the elytra occupy more than half of
the surface, and leave a zig-zag median fascia and an
irregular subquadrate apical patch pale; the pale parts are
reddish-flavous, becoming flavous where they join the dark
parts, but on some specimens the pale parts are already of
uniform colour; the dark parts become more conspicuously
purplish where they adjoin the median fascia. The specimen
from the Blackburn collection is a female, and agrees in all
respects (including the subisolated medio-frontal spot) with
females from Emerald.
LAIUS FLAVIFRONS, 0D. sp.
Raat fies. 18; 41,42.
g. Flavous, in places reddish-flavous; basal half of
head, scutellum, mesosternum, metasternum, tip of abdomen,
most of legs, and eight apical joints of antennae black, with
a more or less distinct metallic gloss; elytra with a rather
wide basal fascia, and a large postmedian spot, metallic-
purple or deep blue. Clothed with long, straggling, blackish
hairs, and with fairly distinct, whitish pubescence.
Head obliquely flattened, sides obliquely narrowed in
front of eyes; with minute punctures. Antennae rather short,
first joint stout and dilated to apex, second large and dis-
torted, convex on lower-surface, irregularly concave on upper,
the following joints rather short, but tenth distinctly longer
than ninth. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides strongly
rounded; with numerous subasperate punctures on sides,
becoming smaller and sparser in middle. Flytra not much
wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex;
with dense and rather small, but sharply-defined punctures,
less distinct on parts of metallic markings than elsewhere ;
with feeble, piliferous granules. Second joint of front tarsa
almost concealing third from above, and with a narrow black
rim. Length (d, 9), 4-5 mm.
Q. Differs in having the eyes less prominent, medio-
apical portion less depressed, the flavous portion considerably
smaller; antennae with first joint smaller, second much
smaller and simple (but considerably larger than third and
almost as long as third and fourth combined), elytra less
parallel-sided, and in the front tarsi.
Z Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type,
. 1584.
The elytral pattern is much as on nodicornis and bellulus,
but the head and antennae are very different; cavicornis is
very similar in colour, but also has very different antennae.
The pale muzzle of the male has a curious triangular appear-
ance; on the male the hind legs, middle tibiae, and tarsi are
138
blackish, with the front tibiae infuscated; on the female
the legs are almost entirely black; the large subapical spots
on the elytra are usually separated, but on one specimen
the suture between them is infuscated. The basal joint of
the male antennae has a short but rather acute process, which
is invisible from most directions, owing to the overlapping
tip of the first joint.
LAIUS AULACOPHOROIDES, N.. sp.
Pl. xiii., figs. 19, 43, 44.
3. Flavous, basal half of head and scutellum black; a
large spot on each shoulder and a large, curved, supapical
spot on each elytron (each of the latter touching its fellow
across the suture) metallic-purple (or blue, or bluish-green) ;
metasternum black or infuscated, extreme tip of antennae
infuscated with moderately dense and not very long, upright,
whitish and greyish setae.
Head with feeble depression in front, and with very
small punctures. Antennae short, first joint stout, angularly
dilated in middle on one side, second large and distorted,
convex on lower side, irregularly concave on upper, third
to sixth joints obtusely serrated on one side, the others more
rounded, tenth pointed and almost twice the length of ninth.
Prothorax almost twice as wide as long, sides strongly
rounded, apex truncate and much wider than base; sides
with rather coarse punctures, but becoming small and sparse
in middle. H/lytra comparatively short, base much wider than
base of prothorax; with dense and asperate but rather
sharply-defined punctures, becoming smaller and sparser on
parts of the metallic markings. Second joint of front tarsz
partly overlapping third, and with a conspicuous black rim.
Length (3, 9), 5-6 mm.
@. Differs in having the eyes less prominent, antennae
with first joint much smaller, second much smaller and simple
(much stouter than third, and about as long as third and
fourth combined), tip of abdomen black, and in the
front tarsi.
Hab.—North-western Australia (Blackburn’s collection).
Type; 2. todas
In general appearance somewhat like verticalis (W. S.
Macl.), but with subapical markings not quite the same in
pattern, and without similar punctures to those on the
adjacent parts. At first glance it strikingly resembles
Aulacophora hilaris and other four-spotted species of that
genus. The second joint of the male antennae (in addition
to some vague depressions) has three conspicuous’ foveae
(two near the apex and a much larger one near the base).
139
About half of the females have the hind femora conspicuously
black in the middle. -
LAIUS NODICORNIS, Blackb.
A variety of this species (apparently commoner than the
typical form) occurs, whose pronotum has a conspicuous,
subquadrate, blackish blotch. Such specimens in general
appearance rather closely resemble villosus, orthodoxus, and
plagiaticollis, but may be at once distinguished by the second
joint of the male antennae. The female, described at the
same time as the typical male, had such a blotch, but it is
not confined to that sex.
Hab.—New South Wales: Wentworth; South Australia :
Petersburg, Adelaide, Minnipa Hill, Leigh Creek; Western
Australia: Kalgoorlie.
LaIts VARIEGATUS, Blackb.
Pl. pai Ge. 20:
The type of this species is before me, and is a female.
I have seen no other specimen agreeing with it in markings,
but it is certainly allied to qwnquenotatus, having the post-
median dark elytral markings quite as densely punctate as
the adjoining surface ; in fact, it seems possible that it should
be regarded as a variety of that species. The prothorax
was described as “‘fulvo, antice transversim late nigro-um-
lineato, disco maculatim infuscato,’’ but is now uniformly
flavous; probably the specimen when described had the
pronotum semitransparent, allowing part of the head to
appear as a dark transverse line (such apparent transverse
lines are often to be seen in fresh specimens of the genus).
LAIUS PRETIOSUS, Blackb.
Pl. xiii., figs. 21, 45, 46.
A male of this species (from Lake Callabonna) differs
from the female in having the first joint of antennae stouter,
and the second much larger and distorted, convex on the |
lower-surface and irregularly concave on the upper; the two
specimens before me have the discal blotch on the pronotum
so large that only a narrow flavous border is left; the elytral
markings are somewhat like those of trisignatus, but the
surface is shagreened, rather than punctate.
LAIUS EYRENSIS, Blackb.
Pl kar. figs 22,47, 48;
The pattern of the elytral markings of this species is
somewhat similar to those of sinus, but the prothorax is much
140
more transverse, and the two basal joints of antennae of the
male are very different.
Hab.—South Australia: Leigh Creek, Oodnadatta.
LAIUS EGENUS, Lea.
Two females from Murray Bridge evidently belong to
this species, but differ from the types in having the apical
portion of the elytra not entirely black, as there is a somewhat
elliptic pale space on the suture, and on one of them this is
narrowly connected with the median fascia.
LAIUS TARSALIS, Lea.
Several females of this species (from Cairns) have a
large black spot on the disc of the pronotum, truncated in
front and bilobed behind; there are also two small spots
at the base.
LAIUS VERTICALIS, W. S. Macl.
Mr. W. D. Dodd took three females of this species at
Derby, but the male is still unknown. ;
LAIUS TRISIGNATUS, Germ.
L. oblongosignatus, Fairm.
Several females (from Dalby) have the medio-sutural
markings of the elytra connected with the medio-apical one,
and agree with the description of oblongosignatus, which I
can only regard as a slight variety of trisignatus.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns, Dalby; South Australia:
Wirrabara, Mount Lofty, Adelaide.
LAIUS QUINQUENOTATUS, Fairm.
Pl. xiii., figs. 23, 49, 50.
This species occurs in abundance on a myrtaceous shrub
at Rockhampton (the type locality), but when beating such
shrubs into an umbrella a few years ago very few of the species
fell into it, as they almost invariably at once took to flight;
this is in strong contrast to the sluggish habits of most species
of the genus. The type’ was a male, as the obtuse tooth in
the first joint of the antennae was mentioned; this tooth is
at the apex of the joint, projects almost vertically upwards,
and its tip is obtusely notched, the second joint is very large,
convex on the lower-surface, and irregularly concave on the
upper; the front femora have an excavation on the upper-
surface as on the males of cimctus, and of several other species.
The female differs in having the two basal joints of antennae
simple and not so brightly coloured, and the front femora
and front tarsi simple.
141
Var. 1. A male from the Coen River agrees in alf
respects with the typical form, except that the prothorax is:
entirely pale; and a female from Prince of Wales Island’
has the prothorax similarly pale.
Var. 2. A female (fig. 23) from the Mary River appears:
to represent another variety. It has the prothorax immacu-
late, and the dark mark at the base of the elytra disconnected’
with the apical ones, and these connected only at the apex;
this variety certainly seems to be a connecting link with
varvegatus. |
Laius cinctus, Redt.
A variety of this species, from Adelaide, has the dark
parts of the head and elytra entirely of a deep, shining black.
Hab.—Queensland: Gayndah; New. South Wales:
Sydney, Galston, Hornsby; Victoria: Alps and Dividing
Range; South Australia: Lucindale, Mount Lofty, Adelaide,
Largs Bay, Kangaroo Island. caro esc
Some other species in the Museum are from the following
localities :—
L. BELLULUS, Guer. Queensland (Longreach, Emerald,
Rockhampton, Gayndah, Dalby, Mount Tambourine),
Victoria (Alps, Geelong), South Australia (Karoonda to
Peebinga, Lucindale, Adelaide, Mount Lofty, Gawler, Leigh
Creek, Mount Painter, Lake Callabonna, Port Laincoln,,
Kangaroo Island), Northern Territory (Tennant Creek).
L. Fuavorictus, Lea. South Australia (Mount Lofty,
Strzlecki Creek). |
L. INTERMEDIUS, Lea. Western Australia (Warren and
Capel Rivers).
L. PURPUREICEPS, Lea. Western Australia (Cue).
The species known to me (including those here described) —
and not included in the table in the Transactions of the
Entomological Society of London (1908, pp. 152-154) may be:
added to that table as follows :—
A. L. purpureipennis, Lea. The differences
between this species and alleni reside
mainly in the antennae of the male (see
description; ante, 1916, p. 321).
B. Prothorax with an apical process. (2) |
* Each side also with a process ... ne w. miraculus
** Without lateral processes. Bay .
t+ Apical process strongly produced and oe Cle
acutely pointed ... ies ee ~armicollis
tt Apical process less produced and bilobed apicicollis
BBB. * Antennae pectinate in male... ... mirocerus
** Antennae not pectinate in male ... C and CC
_(2)An alteration from the original, rendered necessary by
apicicollis. |
142
LYMEXYLONIDAE.
C. * Elytra with a continuous median fascia .... mela
PR gE ane such a fascia. ee.
ytra with seven isolated pale spots ... flavonotatu
ny ps with at most cour anolated pale ar:
Spo ee Koh ie iy .. trisignatus
CC. b. * Elytra with a whitish elevated trans- i‘
i ae rive ites tee om .-. minutus
ytra without such a line ae Uingu
bb. gg. * Dark portion of pronotum’ leaves ahs hah
only a narrow pale margin ... pretiosus
. *“ Dark portion much less extensive h and hh
DD. * Elytral markings not sharply defined sordidus
** Elytral markings sharply defined E and EE
EK. * Size much above average _... a? 7 and 97”
** Of average size or small. 7
+ Punctures between eyes coarse.
§] Legs entirely reddish (at most lightly
infuscated in parts) ... ae. .. purpureiceps
171 Legs mostly black ee we ammophilus
+t Punctures between eyes very fine. |
ft Head behind antennae partly pale.
/\ Second joint of antennae of male
strongly produced forwards - hackeri
Af Second joint strongly produced
backwards ay 2a .. cavicornis
It Head behind antennae entirely dark.
§ Each dark subapical spot entire acervatus
§§ Each dark subapical spot encloses
a pale spot ... ve bd .. variegatus (3)
k. * Front legs dark be egenus
** Front legs pale ... ats nat ... stenotarsus
FF. * Male with two long filaments on second
joint of antennae tie At ... filamentarvus
** Male without such filaments G and GG
G.(4) * Markings longitudinally connected. concavifrons
** Markings not so connected.
t Medio-apical portion of head dark eyrensis
tt Medio-apical portion pale... ... flavifrons
GG. * Second joint of antennae entirely pale ... aulacophoroides
** Second joint partly or entirely dark ... H and HH
ATRACTOCERUS VICTORIENSIS, Blackb.
PR ust. fies. 0,65
The type of this species was stated to be in Mr. C.
French’s collection; in that collection (now in Melbourne in
the National Museum) there were three specimens standing
under that name,() but Blackburn’s original label has been
removed; one specimen (a female) was specially labelled by
Mr. French, and as it is the only one of the length (104 lines)
(3) The type and only known specimen is a female.
(4)On most specimens of flavifrons the dark subapical mark-
ings terminate at or near the suture, but on one specimen the
suture itself is infuscated.
(5) By the courtesy of Mr. J. Kershaw I have been able to
examine them.
143
given, it is presumably the type; there are also two co-type
females in the South Australian Museum. Its antennae have:
the joints swollen after the second, and after the sixth con-
spicuously decrease in width with the apical joint pointed.
The palpi are also peculiar and somewhat as figured, but as:
certain of the parts appear to be adjustable they look different.
from different points of view, and on different specimens. The.
male has antennae with the third joint wider than the second,
but not to such a great extent as in the female, and the joints
rapidly decrease in size to the sixth, which is only about one-
third the size of the second, the five following joints are very
thin. The length ranges from 12 to 22 mm. Three other
specimens in the National Museum were taken out of piles
in the Moe River, at Yarragon, by Mr. W. Kershaw.
ATRACTOCERUS TASMANIENSIS, Nn. sp.
Pil \oeit, figs! 4:
3. Black; abdomen with a purplish gloss. In places
(including eyes) with short and more or less upright setae
or pubescence.
Head rounded; densely granulate-punctate; with a con-
spicuous median carina the length of eyes: Eyes large, fairly
close together in front. Antennae short, first joint moderately
large, second subglobular, third shorter but a trifle wider
than second, fourth to sixth rapidly decreasing in size,
seventh to eleventh thin. Prothoraz longer than wide, widest
near apex, with a deep median groove; with dense and
sharply-defined punctures on sides, becoming sparser towards
middle. Hlytra almost as long as head and prothorax com-
bined; finely shagreened, but about base with distinct
punctures. Abdomen long, thin, and parallel-sided. Front '
legs rather short, the others long and thin. Length, 14-16 mm,
Hab.—Tasmania: Triabunna (G. H. Hardy). Type,
I. 6740.
The smallest Australian species of the genus, and readily
distinguished from the others by its carinated head. The
palpi are of remarkable shape, but I have been unable to see
them very clearly. The three Australian species may be thus
tabulated :—
Kyes practically touching Pa PRU. Wonca jose eUSLeTiLe
Eyes moderately separated.
MemeOrcarinated .... .6. tee eee ate victoriensis
Head longitudinally carinated ... ... ... ... tasmamensis
LYMEXYLON AUSTRALE, Er.
L. adelaidae, Blackb.
The type of australe was described as being black with
piceous legs, and four Tasmanian specimens before me agree
144
with the description. Four Tasmanian specimens from Black-
burn’s collection were standing under the name of australe,
and structurally they agree with the other four, but they
differ in being considerably paler, only the head and prothorax
being piceous, the elytra somewhat paler, and the legs and
palpi of a rather dingy castaneous-brown. Three Victorian
specimens in the National Museum are intermediate in colour.
LL. adeladae (of which the type is before me) appears to
represent only a slight colour variety; the differences in the
‘punctures mentioned by Blackburn are of an individual rather
than of a specific nature, and the interstices are much alike;
the depth and width of the prothoracic impression are also
Jiable to individual variation.
PTINIDAE.
Dr. Mjoberg has recently published a paper dealing with
Austrahan Ptimdae (Arkiv for Zoologi, 1916, Band 10,
No. 6). By stating (p. 1) that only ten Australian species
of Ptinus were described, and that of Ptinus albomaculatus,
Macl., ‘“‘nothing of later literature (than the original descrip-
tion) dealing with the species can be found,’’ it is evident
that he had overlooked my paper in the Proceedings of the
Linnean Society of New South Wales for 1911 (pp. 468-474),
in which seven new species of the genus were described, and
albomaculatus was redescribed.
He proposes five new genera for myrmecophilous species,
but of these only one new genus is formally described ; of the
others Decemplocotes (p. 2) is proposed for Diplocotes decem-
artaculatus, Lea, and D. strigicollis, Lea; Leaptunus (p. 3)
for Paussoptunus dolichognathus, Lea; Mesectrephes (p. 3) for
Ectrephes kingu, Westw.; and Monectrephes (p. 3) for £.
pascoer, Westw. On pp. 6, 7 is given a table of subfamilies,
and on pp. 7, 8 a key to the genera; the student being left to
gather information of the new genera from these, sometimes
wrong, particulars. The part of the key dealing with the
Ectrephinae is as follows : —
A. Antennae with a flat club consisting of
5 AMS See fa gone Re ct on
B. Antennae with the joints and the club,
firmly grown together into a broad
club, showing only indistinct marks
of the joints on the posterior margin Mesectrephes, Mjob.
C. Antennae with a club consisting only
of a long uniform joint ... «+ Monectrephes, Mjob.
Ectrephes, Pasc.
(6) J] have not seen it in the original publication, having to
thank Dr. Mioberg for a reprint, in which the pages are 1-15; if
these are not the correct pages it will be necessary to alter those
given in my notes.
145
But the typical species of Hetrephes is certainly formi-
carum, Pasc., described as having ‘‘antennae triarticulatae ;
articulo . . . tertso elongato, compresso, apice oblique
truncato.”’ Anapestus kreuslerr, King (of which there are
co-types before me), given as a synonym of FH. formicarum,
was also described as having three-jointed antennae, with the
third joint ‘“‘elongato oblique truncato,’’ and so figured. The
position assigned to Hctrephes in the key cannot be due to a
printer’s error, as #. clavatus, Mjob., is figured as having a
five-jointed club. I consider it necessary that, before some
of his genera are recognized, they should be formally diag-
nosed. Of the genera in the key :—
Eectrephes. The character given at A is wrong; the
species evidently intended for A was /#. pascoer, Westw. (with
which #. clavatus, Mjob., should certainly be associated if
a new genus should be proposed for it); pascoer and
formicarum by some curious error were evidently reversely
identified.
Mesectrephes. Proposed for #. kingu, Westw. I think
it is a good genus, but that it should be formally diagnosed
(apparently it was unknown to Mjoberg, except from descrip-
tions and figures).
Monectrephes. Being founded upon the typical species
of Hetrephes (there is nothing to show that this was known
to Mjoberg) this name becomes an absolute synonym.
Enasiba tristis, Oll. Dr. Mjoberg’s surmise (p. 5) as to
the antennae of this species being really composed of ten
joints is correct; I have examined the type.
Ptinus amoenus, Mjob. (p. 8, fig. 1). A beautiful little
species allied to adeps, but abundantly distinct; Dr. Mjoberg
took one specimen at Mount Tambourine, and I took
two there. }
Ptinus australicus, Mjob. (p. 9, fig. 2). This is a synonym
of P. albomaculatus, Macl.; it was described as from Kim- |
berley, in N.-W. Australia. There are specimens in the South
Australian Museum from N.-W. Australia (Fortescue River),
and Queensland (Cairns and Townsville). It is a fine species,
and the beautiful figure given agrees with many of our
specimens.
Diplocotes foveicollis, Oll. (p. 11). The range of this
species is extended to the Swan River.
Polyplocotes pilosus, Mjob. (p. 11, fig. 3). Kimberley.
Although with the apparently nine-jointed antennae of
Polyplocotes, the joints themselves are much like those of
Diplocotes, or of Decemplocotes. TI have seen nothing at all
close to it except the species here described under the name
of longipes.
146
Paussoceros (p. 13); antennalis, Myjob. (p. 13, fig. 4)-
Derby. A very distinct species, but the generic distinction
(as also that of Leaptynus) from Paussoptinus is purely an
arithmetical one. I have seen nothing close to it, but am
here describing a much smaller species, taken in numbers.
from an ant’s nest.
Ectrephes clavatus, Mjob. (p. 14, fig. 5). Swan River.
Structurally close to pascoez, but evidently different by the
much larger prothoracic fovea, and the more conspicuously-
clothed elytra. Specimens (6) of pascoe before me (including
two of the original specimens taken by the late Mr. F. du
Boulay) vary considerably in size, and in the intensity of
prothoracice striae, but they all differ from the figure of
clavatus in the particulars noted.
Decemplocotes brevipennis, Pic (Pane iD, 6;
fig. 6). Professor Michaelsen sent to Dr. Mjoberg a figure
taken from the type of this species, and the figure makes it
certain that the species should never have been referred to
Paussoptinus, but that it is a Diplocotes (or a Decemplocotes,
if the latter genus is to be allowed to stand). It is also the
species I named Diplocotes decemarticulatus; Pic’s name has
priority.
The following is a list (with synonymy) of the Australian
Ptimdae (excluding the Anobiudes) ee recorded from
Australia :—
DIPHOBIA FAMILIARIS, Oll.
Diplocotes niger, v. d. Poll.
DIPLOCOTES ARMICOLLIS, Lea.
BREVIPENNIS, Pic (Paussoptinus, Pic; Decem-
plocotes, Mjob.). |
decemarticulatus, Lea.
FOVEICOLLIS, Oll. |
HOWITTANUS, Westw.
STRIGICOLLIS, Lea (Decemplocotes, Mie
EcTREPHES FORMICARUM, Pasc.
Anapestus kreuslert, King.
KINGII, Westw. (MJesectrephes, Mjob.).
- PASCOEI, Westw. (Monectrephes, Mjob., in
error).
CLAVATUS, Myjob.
ENASIBA TRISTIS, Oll.
GIBBIUM SCOTIAS, Fabr.
HEXAPLOCOTES SULCIFRONS, Lea.
MEZIUM AFFINE, Boield.
Niptus HOLOLEUCUS, Fald.
PAUSSOCEROS ANTENNALIS, Mjob.
PAUSSOPTINUS DOLICHOGNATHUS, Lea (Leaptinus, Mjob.).
LATICORNIS, Lea.
147
PLOCOTES NIGROPICEUS, Pic.
POLYPLOCOTES CASTANEUS, Lea.
LONGICOLLIS, Westw.
NITIDUS, Westw.
OVIPENNIS, Lea.
PILOSUS, Mjob.
PTINUS ADEPS, OJll.
ALBOHUMERALIS, Lea.
ALBOMACULATUS, Macl.
australicus, M job.
AMOENUS, Mjob.
ANCHORALIS, Lea.
ATTRITUS, Oll.
CUPREONIGER, Lea.
EGENUS, Oll.
EMINENS, Ol].
EXULANS, Er.
FuR, Linn.
GLORIOSUS, Lea.
IMuLUS, Oll.
LonGus, Oll.
MEDIOGLABER, Lea.
MICROSCOPICUS, Lea.
NIVEONOTATUS, Lea.
TECTUS, Boield.
pilosus, White.
TRIGONOGENIUS GLOBULUS, Sol.
To these I have now to add several others, and note
additional localities for the following species :—
PTINUS ALBOHUMERALIS, Lea. Mittagong.
P. arrritus, Oll. Morgan, Adelaide, Port Lincoln.
P. ecenus, Ol]. Dividing Range, Victorian Alps.
P. EMINENS, Oll. Reared from Callipappus, sp., in abund-
ance in Western Australia.
P. exuuans, Er. Victoria, South Australia.
ECTREPHES KINGII, Westw. Mullewa (from nest of
Iridomyrmex, sp.).
PAUSSOPTINUS LATICORNIS, Lea. Mindarie, Port Lin-
coln, Murray Bridge, and Murat Bay (from nests of
two species of /ridomyrmex ).
POLYPLOCOTES LONGICOLLIS, Westw. Cue (from nest of
Iridomyrmex, sp.).
'
PTINUS LEUCOMELAS, N. sp.
Black. Clothed with long, straggling, blackish, erect
hairs ; under-surface with dense, greyish pubescence, becoming
148
denser and paler on sides of sterna and on legs; upper-surface
with snowy clothing in spots.
Head with dense punctures. Antennae long and rather
thin, eleventh joint about one-third longer than tenth.
Prothorax about as long as wide, sides gently incurved near
apex and again near base; with small flat granules inter-
spersed with punctures. Slytra about twice the width of
prothorax, shoulders gently rounded, sides parallel to near
apex; with regular rows of moderately-large, sharply-defined
punctures, close together in the rows, and with a short row
on each side of the scutellum; interstices each with a row of.
minute punctyres. Length, 245 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Kuranda (F. P. Dodd). Type, .
T6701;
Allied to adeps, ‘but somewhat narrower, suture not
clothed on apical slope, and prothoracic markings very
different. The snowy clothing of the upper-surface is as
follows:—A small spot on each side of the head, a vitta on
each side of the prothorax (the two narrowly connected at
the base), the scutellum, on each elytron a spot on the fifth
interstice near the shoulders, one common to the third and
fourth interstices at about one-third from the apex, and
the tip.
A specimen from Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s
collection) probably belongs to this species. It has spots as
on the type, but in addition near the apical third has spots
on the sixth-eighth interstices, so that there it appears to
have an interrupted fascia rather than spots.
PTINUS CAERULEIPENNIS, 0. sp.
Black: elytra deep blue. Clothed with long, straggling,
erect, blackish hairs; under-surface, most of legs, scutel-
lum, and a spot near each eye, with dense greyish or whitish
pubescence.
Head with dense and rather small punctures. Antennae
long and thin, eleventh joint more than once and one-half the
length of tenth. Prothorazx about as long as wide, sides near
base rather strongly incurved; across base with a row of
distinct punctures, across apex more and larger ones, the
intervening space impunctate. Hlytra with outlines .and
punctures as described in preceding species. Length, 3 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd and
A.M. Lea). Type, I. 6699.
Structurally close to niveonotatus, but slightly larger,
elytra with more conspicuous punctures, and their colour and
clothing very different. On both specimens there is some
greyish clothing near the suture, which looks white from
149
some directions, but when viewed directly from behind
appears quite as black as the rest of the elytral clothing.
The two species here described, and amoenus, Mjob., all
belong to .
‘fq. Appendages black or almost so,’’
of my previous table 7) and with the species of a may now be
snes —
* Elytra more or less bluish.
+ Elytra with conspicuous saad meee ... albomaculatus
Et Elytra without such ... ... caeruleipennis
* Elytra not bluish.
b. Elytra with pale clothing on apical poryen
of suture e adeps
bb. Elytra without ‘pale clothing ‘there.
c. Each elytron with a ae spot of snowy
scales... niveonotatus
cc. Each with more than a single spot of
snowy scales.
{ Third interstice with a snowy spot at
basal third _... eins & GVOCIMULS
qF Without a snowy spot there ...... leucomelas
MEzIuM SULCATUM, Fabr.
Mr. Champion identified some specimens from Western
Australia that I sent to him as belonging to this species, which
occurs also in South Australia and New South Wales, but does
not appear to have been previously recorded from Australia.
MEzIUM AFFINE, Boield.
Numerous specimens from South Australia agree well
with British specimens of this species.
MEZzIvUM, sp.
A third species (no doubt introduced) also occurs in
Australia. In size it is intermediate between the two pre-
ceding species, and differs from them also in having numerous
stout setae scattered over the elytra from base to apex.
Hab.—South Australia: Coulta; Western Australia:
Geraldton, Swan River.
DIPLOCOTES FOVEICOLLIS, Oll.
Two specimens taken by Messrs. B. A. Feuerheerdt and
F’. Secker, in ants’ nests at Lucindale, differ from specimens
agreeing with the type of this species in being larger (23-3
mm.), with the joints of the antennae stouter, and the elytra
practically glabrous.
(7) Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1911, pp. 473, 474.
150
DIPLOCOTES STRIGICOLLIS, Lea.
On the male of this species the subapical joint of the
antennae is considerably larger than on the female, and the
spine, on each side of the prothorax, is rather more acute.
The type was recorded from ‘‘South Australia,’’ but it has
since been taken from nests of a small black Iridomyrmex at
Adelaide and Port Lincoln.
HEXAPLOCOTES SULCIFRONS, Lea.
The late Mr. F. du Boulay took several specimens of this
species in ants’ nests at Beverley; they are all smaller than
the type, with the prothorax and elytra deep black, and the
clothing of the elytra somewhat sparser and more seriate in
arrangement. The type was also from Western Australia,
although recorded by an oversight by Dr. Mjoberg as Tas-
manian. As a matter of fact I have never seen any myrme-
eophilous species of Ptynzdae in Tasmania.
POLYPLOCOTES PERFORATUS, N. sp.
Pl. xii., figs. 7, 8.
Black; some body-parts and most of the appendages
obscurely diluted with red. Metasternum, a vitta towards
each side of abdomen from the base to the fourth segment,
and the intercoxal process of prosternum and of mesosternum,
with very dense, whitish pubescence, somewhat similar (but
more golden) pubescence at base of head; prothorax and
elytra glabrous.
Head with dense and irregular punctures; bisinuate in
front to receive bases of antennae, in front of antennae
narrowly elevated, with below the elevation a conspicuous
perforation, face flat with a narrow median line; clypeus
flat, subelliptic, on the same plane as the face and mandibles ;
labrum very small, on each side a wide groove for the recep-
tion of the base of an antenna. Eyes narrow and finely
faceted. Antennae stout, most of the joints finely granulate,
first thick and somewhat curved, second with base curved
under apex of first, third-seventh subequal in length but
slightly dilating in width, eighth longest of all and some-
what flattened, ninth much shorter than eighth, slightly
curved, its tip incurved to middle and slightly hollow.
Prothorax about as long as wide, sides gently increasing in
width from apex to base, and nowhere foveate or incurved;
densely, finely, and obliquely punctate-striate, but about
base with purictures only, with an irregular and not. very
long semi-double median line. Hlytra at base slightly wider
than prothorax, sides gently dilated to about the middle and
15}
then narrowed to apex; at base with about sixteen deep and
conspicuous foveae, bounded by acute carinae at the sides,
but open posteriorly, the carmae near the suture scarcely
continued beyond the fovea, but towards the sides continued
for some distance; disc almost impunctate and with feeble
traces of striation. Memora stout, grooved for reception of
tibiae. Length, 3-34 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley, two specimens from
nests of ants (#. du Boulay). Type, I. 6725.
Structurally very different to any previously-described
species of the genus. The perforation (fig. 8a) through the
head is quite conspicuous from each side, but it is necessary
to have the antennae out of the way; the complete absence
of a prothoracic fovea or sub-basal impression is unusual.
From one direction the seventh joint of antennae appears to
be slightly narrower than the sixth, but from another it is
seen to be decidedly wider, the eighth from some directions ©
appears to be the narrowest, and the appearance of the ninth
alters with almost every point of view.
POLYPLOCOTES SCABRICOLLIS, N. sp.
Black; elytra, abdomen, and parts of legs more or less
castaneous-brown. Intercoxal processes of under-surface and
part of face with dense, whitish pubescence; prothorax and
elytra with a few very short, upright setae.
Head with dense punctures partially concealed by cloth-
ing. Antennae thick, first joint stout and curved, second
with its base curved under apex of first, third about as long
as wide, fourth-seventh from one direction apparently
moniliform, but really produced to one side, eighth and
ninth somewhat flattened, wider, and paler than the others,
eighth large with sides rounded, ninth short, its tip truncated.
and slightly hollow. Prothorazx slightly longer than wide,
sides uneven near base, and slightly wider at base than at
apex; densely granulate or granulate-punctate; near base
with a transverse impression traversed by deep striae, each
side with a fovea, but these invisible from above. Hlytra
subelliptic-ovate, greatest width scarcely one-fourth more
than that of prothorax, base narrowly upraised and with a
row of small deep foveae; with regular rows of rather small
but sharply-defined punctures. Abdomen with dense, sub-
asperate punctures. Legs rather short and stout. Length,
24 mm. :
Hab.—Northern Territory: Stapleton; taken from an
ant’s nest in January (G. F. Hill). Type, in Department of
_ Agriculture, Darwin.
152
The general outlines and the antennae are fairly close to
those of longicollis, but the prothorax is more densely and
strongly punctured; the highest part on longicollis at most
has a few very small punctures, but on the present species
they are quite dense and strong there; the elytra are also
much more conspicuously seriate-punctate on the present
species. The sub-basal transverse impression of the pronotum
is not deep in itself, but being traversed by deep striae (whilst
the adjacent parts are punctate or granulate) is rather con-
spicuous. At first sight the upper-surface appears to be quite
glabrous, and it is only on close examination and from certain
directions that a few small setae become visible.
POLYPLOCOTES LONGIPES, N. sp. }
Castaneous; in places infuscated, elytra and abdomen
paler than other parts. Metasternum, extreme base of
abdomen, intercoxal processes of prosternum and of meta-
sternum, and face near antennae, with dense whitish
pubescence; upper-surface glabrous, except for a few indis-
tinct setae at the sides.
Head with very irregular punctures; in front strongly
bisinuate for reception of antennae. Hyes small but promi-
nent. Antennae rather long, first joint thick and curved,
second with its base curved under apex of first, third dis-
tinctly longer than second or fourth, fourth-seventh rather
thin and subequal, eighth and ninth dilated and forming a
club, eighth slightly longer than sixth and seventh combined,
ninth slightly longer than seventh, and much shorter than
eighth, its tip rounded and with sensitized pubescence. Pro-
thorax slightly longer than wide, base and apex subequal, sides
lightly incurved near base; disc finely striated in middle, but
the striae becoming conspicuously deeper towards sides and
base, with a few scattered punctures; with a transverse sub-
basal impression, slightly deepened (but not foveate) at its
middle. Hlytra conspicuously inflated and strongly convex,
at their widest fully twice the width of prothorax; with a
series of very small but rather sharply-defined punctures,
about apex somewhat irregular, and mixed with minute
scratches. Legs long and thin; femora shallowly grooved for
reception of tibiae, these finely serrated or denticulate
externally. Length, 34 mm.
Hab.—North-western Australia: Derby, from a nest of
Cremastogaster, sp. (W. D. Dodd). Type (unique), I. 6711.
In general appearance this insect more closely resembles
the species of Diplocotes than of Polyplocotes, but as the
antennae are apparently nine-jointed and, as a species, it is
close to pilosus, it has been referred to Polyplocotes,; it differs
153
from the description and figure of glosws in having the
apparent second joint of antennae distinctly shorter than the
third, the elytra do not have “‘four deep impressions’’ on
each side of the base, the impressions there being minute
punctures only, and they are entirely glabrous except for
some sparse pubescence on the margins and tips. From the
description of castaneus it differs in being considerably larger,
and with very different antennae.
PAUSSOCEROS CREMASTOGASTRI, N. sp.
Castaneous ; parts of appendages lightly infuscated. Parts
of sterna and base of abdomen with dense pubescence.
Head with dense, irregular punctures; bisinuate in front
for base of antennae. Eyes pointed. Antennae not very
long, first joint stout and curved, second short, its base
curved under apex of first, all the rest closely applied
together and strongly inflated, third to seventh each more
than twice as wide as long, and with the middle portion
more convex than the sides, eighth with its inner side about
as long as that of the seventh, but the outer side almost twice
as long, ninth about as long as seventh but somewhat
narrower, its sides rounded and tip truncated. Lrothorax
slightly longer than wide, base and apex subequal; front
portion of disc with dense punctures and fine striae, the
striae becoming coarser on each side and converging to a
sub-basal fovea (but lateral striae and foveae concealed from
above), near base with a strong transverse impression
traversed by numerous striae. SHlytra_ subelliptic-ovate,
greatest width scarcely one-fourth more than that of pro-
thorax; base truncate, narrowly raised, and with a row of
larger punctures than elsewhere; with series of not very
large but sharply-defined punctures, close together in the rows.
Abdomen with numerous (but not crowded) sharply-defined
punctures. Legs not very long; femora grooved for reception
of tibiae. Length, 14-13 mm.
Hab.—North-western Australia: Derby, nine specimens
from nests of Cremastogaster, sp. (W. D. Dodd). Type,
I. 6714.
Much smaller than antennalis, and with the apparent
ninth joint of antennae not almost buried in the eighth.
There are also many other differences from the description .of
that species. Some specimens (apparently females) have the
abdomen much more convex than others.
DIPHOBIA MYRMECOPHILA, Nn. Sp.
Dark castaneous-brown, appendages somewhat paler.
Prothorax with a few short, scattered, erect setae, and a
154
few near base of elytra; metasternum, extreme base of
abdomen, and intercoxal processes of prosternum and of
mesosternum with dense, whitish pubescence; outer apex of
each femur with a small patch of greyish clothing.
Head granulate, and in places deeply strigose. Antennae
moderately long, first joint stout and somewhat curved, second
slightly longer than third, the following ones moniliform,
but eleventh about once and one-half the length of tenth, its
tip with sensitized pubescence. /Prothorax slightly longer
than wide, sides gently rounded, but near base incurved;
convex frontal portion with comparatively small punctures
and oblique striae, but towards and on the sides with deep
striae; with a narrow and rather deep median line, near
base with a rather strong transverse impression, behind and
at the sides of which the striae are rather deep. Slytra
elliptic-ovate, at their widest about twice the width of pro-
thorax ; with regular rows of fairly large, suboblong, sharply-
defined punctures, larger at the extreme base than elsewhere,
interstices impunctate. Abdomen with not very dense, but
almost equally-spaced and moderately large, sharply-defined
punctures. Legs rather short. Length, 2-24 mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin, in nests. of
Oecophylla smaragdina, and of Rhytidoponera hilli (G. F.
Hil): si ype vse NIGTEDETRRGS
Elytra at most partly infuscated._
Apical joint of antennae semidouble ... .... .... concolor
Apical joint not semidouble.
Head with distinct punctures between a ... wvictoriensis
Head without distinct punctures... ... ... pisoniae
XYLOPHILIDAE.
This family is represented by a great number of species
in Australia, but they are usually very rare in individuals;
unlike those of the allied family Anthicidae the individuals
180
usually feign death on being disturbed, hence when beaten
into the collecting umbrella or sheet they need to be closely
looked for. Thus even in some fairly large collections of
Australian beetles they are either totally unrepresented, or
represented by very few specimens. Great diversity of
opinion exists as to the genera of the family, but with the
largest accumulation of Australian species and specimens ever
examined together, the network of relationships appears to
be too intricate for the bulk of the species to be referred to
more than one genus; more especially as the sexual differences
are often very considerable. The eyes are always large, and
sometimes occupy most of the head, and vary from almost
entire to very deeply notched, and they are usually larger
and closer together in the male than in the female. The
antennae are always longer in the male than in the female
(sometimes considerably so), occasionally some of their joints
are provided with long rami, and occasionally the apical joints
are modified into clasping organs. The legs usually have
distinctive sexual characters, the front trochanters being
frequently armed, but owing to the difficulties in manipulat-
ing the front legs for examination these must be often
overlooked; the hind femora are usually stouter in the male
than in the female, and dentate or fringed on the lower
surface; in many species the hind tibiae are conspicuously
dilated to and notched at apex; this character is not entirely
a sexual one, but it is more pronounced in the male.
With very few exceptions the specimens before me had
to be floated off and set for examination, and to prepare such
small specimens (some of which were taken many years back)
that the under-parts and legs are clearly visible was not
always easy; in particular it was difficult to set out the front
legs, so that although it was easy enough to note the colour
of these, their sculpture had often to be passed over. Fre-
quently also it was impossible to distinguish the sexes from
processes projecting from the tip of the abdomen; often when
sufficiently long and soft such a process could be seen to be
an ovipositor, and sometimes an oedeagus was distinct; but
on the type of pilosicornis, and on specimens of several other
species, the distinct tip of an oedeagus may be seen protrud-
ing from the base of a soft ovipositor-looking process.
Following is a catalogue of the previously-described
species :—
ABNORMIS, King (Anthicus): Mast. Cat. Sp., No. 4269;
Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916, p. 144.
Syzeton laetus, Blackb.: Trans. Roy. Soc. 8S. Austr.,
1891, p) 337 si Lc.) 1894 e peeie
Hylophilus major, Pic: Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1912, p.
48; Annales, p. 286. N.S. Wales; Vict.
181
ALBONOTATUS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1895,
pecot.”-N. Terr. 00
ALPICOLA, Blackb. (Syzetonellus): Trans. Roy. Soc. 8.
Austr., 1891, p. 340. Q’land; N.S. Wales; Vict.
ARCUATICEPS, Pic (Hylophilus): Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1912, p. 48; Annales, p. 284. Q’land.
BASICORNIS, Lea (Syzetoninus): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1895, p. 281. N.S. Wales; Vict.; Tas.
CRASSICORNIS, Lea (Syzetonmus): l.c., 1894, p. 626.
Qland; N.S. Wales.
DARWINENSIS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916, p.
46. WN. Terr.
Buececmnctus, Champ.: /.c., p. 62. Q’land.
pocauvert, Wea: 7.c., 1897, p.598; Champ.: Trans. Ent.
pec. tiond., 1916, p. 46. W. Austr.
FERGUSONI, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916, p.
63. N.S. Wales.
FLAVESCENS, Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917, p. 2, N.S.
. Wales.
FLUCTUOSUS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p.
250. N. Terr.@D
Peaeticoulis, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1916,
p- 64. N.S. Wales.
IMMACULATUS, Lea (Syzeton): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1894, p. 622. N.S. Wales; Vict.; Tas.
IMPRESSICOLLIS, Lea (Syzetoninus): l.c., p. 624. N.S.
Wales.
INCISUS, Lea, new name.
Syzetonellus humeralis, Lea, n. pr.: t.c., 1894, p. 627;
Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1914, p. 265. N.S. Wales.
Inconspicuus, Blackb. (Syzetoninus): Trans. Roy. Soc.
Peeateor., 1891, p. 339. N.S. Wales; Vict.; Tas.;
S. Austr.
INTERRUPTUS, Lea, new name.
pyzerowe lareraiis, Blackb., on. pr.: f.c..° p. 338; ©
Stee. tint. Mo. Mag., 1914, p.. 265. N.S.
Wales; Vict. |
MALLEIFER, Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1914, p. 264 (cum
fig.). Q’land.
mMoRULUS, Champ.:”2) Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p.
250; 1916, p. 46. Tas.
(10) Adelaide River is in the Northern Territory.
(11) See preceding note.
(12)T was under the impression that morulus (1895) was a
synonym of impressicollis (1894), and so recorded it (Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S. Wales, 1897, p. 589), but Mr. Champion wrote to me
that this was not the case. In his catalogue of the Hylophilidae
Pic, in error, gives precedence to morulus.
182
MUNDUS, Blackb. /(Syzetoninus): Trans. Roy Soc. S.
Austr., 1891, p. 339. Q’land; N.S. Wales; Vict. ;
S. Austr.
OCTOMACULATUS, Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917, p. 1.
N.S. Wales.
PARALLELUS, Lea (Syzetoninus): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1895, p. 281. W. Austr. :
PECTINICORNIS, Champ.: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895,
p. 249, pl. vi., fig. 12. Tas.
QUADRIFOVEATUS, Lea (Syzetoninus): Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, 1894, p. 623. N.S. Wales.
SEMITESTACEUS, Pic (Syzeton): Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1912,
p. 48; Annales, p. 287. QOtland:
SEXFASCIATUS, Champ.: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917, p. 3.
N.S. Wales.
sorpipus, Lea (Syzetonellus): Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.
Wales, 1896, p. 626. N.S. Wales.
SUBELONGATUS, Pic (Syzetonellus): Melang. Exot.-ent.,
1911, p. 13; -Ann. Soc. Ent Beye ee
Vict.
UNDATUS, Gemm.: Mast. Cat. Sp., No. 4242.
fasciatus, Boh.: l.c.; Champ., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
£916, p. 4;
Syzeton blackburni, Lea: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
1894, p. 621.
Hylophilus walesianus, Pic:3) Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
1912, p. 48; Annales, p. 285. Q’land; N.S. Wales.
VARIEGATUS, Lea (Syzetoninus): Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.
Wales, 1894, p. 624. Q’land; N.S. Wales; W.
Austr.
In addition to these M. Pic described Hylophilus cribri-
collis from Australia (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1912, p. 48;
Annales, p. 286), but Champion (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Sept., 1915, p. 221) states that his species was recorded in
error from Australia, and really occurs in Ceylon.
XYLOPHILUS UNDATUS, Gemm.
The markings on the elytra of this species vary from a
small and not very dark spot on each to a much larger oblique
black one, almost touching the side and suture.
Var. 1. A male from Mount Tambourine (there are
normal specimens also from there in the Museum) differs from
the type male of blackburm (a synonym of wndatus), in
having the eyes closer together (almost touching) at their
nearest point, the antennae entirely pale, and the elytra with
(13) Mr. Champion wrote me that he considered walesianus a
synonym of undatus, and I concur with that opinion.
183
a wide median black fascia occupying almost one-third of
their surface, and complete from side to side.
Var. 2. Two females from New South Wales (National
Park) have the antennae (except parts of the three basal
joints) deep black; one of them has the hind femora infuscate
towards the apex, but on the other they are entirely pale.
XYLOPHILUS PECTINICORNIS, Champ.
_ The female of this species differs from the male in being
slightly larger, the eyes smaller and not so close together, and
the antennal joints (after the third) very different; the third
is slightly shorter than the fourth and fifth combined, the
fourth to tenth are of almost even width but gradually decrease
in length, so that although the fourth is slightly longer than
wide, the tenth is slightly transverse, the eleventh is dilated
and almost as long as the ninth aid tenth combined.
Several specimens were beaten from ‘‘Blackwood’’ (Acacia
melanoxylon ).
XYLOPHILUS OcTOMACULATUS, Champ.
Only the female of this species was known to Champion.
There are two specimens (sexes) in the Museum from Cairns
and Mount Tambourine, and a male in my own collection
from Wollongong. On the male the antennae are rather long,
with the second joint small, third-tenth subcylindrical and
equal, eleventh almost as long as eighth-tenth combined, sub-
cylindrical on basal half, then irregular towards and pointed at. .
apex ; the legs are rather long, front trochanters lightly spinose,
hind femora stout; hind tibiae with apical half stouter than
basal half, but neither dilated to nor notched at apex. The
female differs in having smaller eyes, less close together
(although fairly close), antennae distinctly shorter, with the
eleventh joint considerably smaller and thicker in proportion,
abdomen more convex, legs shorter, front trochanters
unarmed, and hind femora thinner. The species is structurally
fairly close to abnormis, but the markings and antennae are
very different. On one specimen the prothorax is almost
entirely dark, on the others it is mostly of a dingy red; on
one male there are four flavous spots on each elytron: one
on the shoulder, a smaller one near the suture at the basal
third, a larger one at the middle, and a still larger subapical
one; the latter with its fellow on the other elytron forming
a bisinuate fascia. On a second male the first sutural spot is
enlarged ‘and continued to the base, and the subapical one is
split up into two. On a female there are but three spots on
each elytron: one on the shoulder, the medio-sutural one,
and the apical one, the latter being considerably enlarged.
184
The pubescence is rather longer than is usual in the genus.
The distance between the eyes of the male is about
equal to the thickness of the basal antennal joint.
XYLOPHILUS MUNDUS, Blackb.
This species occurs in Queensland (Dalby), New South
Wales (National Park), and South Australia (Woodville), as
well as in Victoria. The basal marking of the elytra is
usually ill-defined and occasionally absent; the median fascia
is rather wide at the sides, and towards the suture is narrowed
and directed slightly forwards, but on an occasional specimen
is broken up into two large disconnected spots; the apical
infuscation is more or less triangular and narrowly advanced
along the suture to join in with the median fascia. One of
the specimens from Dalby has the dark parts of the elytra
considerably increased in size, and of the same shade (rather
deeper than usual) of colour as the head and prothorax, as
a result the pale portions on each elytron appear as two rather
narrow curved lines: of these the first 1s semicircular, com-
mences at the scutellum and ends on the shoulder, and the
second commences near the suture behind the median fascia,
curves round, and is then suddenly dilated to the side.
XYLOPHILUS ALPICOLA, Blackb.
There are numerous specimens of this species before me
from New South Wales (Nepean River, Sydney, National
Park, and Forest Reefs) and one from Northern Queensland ;
but only three have the palpi dark; on all the others they
are no darker than the antennae. As suspected by Blackburn
the armature of the hind femora is confined to the males.
XYLOPHILUS IMMACULATUS, Lea.
Two specimens (beaten from eucalypti on Mount Welling-
ton) differ from the type of this species in having a
conspicuous reddish spot on each shoulder, the two lightly
separated by the suture; on one of them there is also a large,
dingy, ill-defined reddish spot towards the apex of each
elytron ; but it is scarcely traceable on the other. On the type
the elytra at first glance appear to be uniformly dark, but on
close examination and in a good light may be seen to be not
as dark about the shoulders as elsewhere; its elytral punctures
are dense, sharply defined, and of moderate size (‘‘minutely”’
was certainly not the correct word to use for them), but
become smaller posteriorly. The Tasmanian specimens are
males, and have the eyes somewhat closer together than on
the type, the antennae longer, none of the joints transverse,
185
the eleventh at its widest not much wider than the tenth,
but almost as long as the ninth and tenth combined.
XYLOPHILUS BASICORNIS, Lea.
Two specimens from Tasmania (Hobart and Frankford)
differ from the type of this species in being somewhat larger,
and with the elytral markings and clothing more conspicuous ;
on each of them the pale basal portion of each elytron occupies
the extreme base, and its posterior edge is conspicuously
incurved, so that there appear to be four reddish spots
extending from a red base; the pale clothing forms a con-
spicuous bisinuate fascia across the apical third. On the type
the basal markings and pubescent fascia are somewhat as on
the Tasmanian specimens, but with a blurred appearance.
XYLOPHILUS INCISUS, new name.
Syzetonellus humeralis, Lea, n. pr.
Mr. Champion having pointed out that the name
humeralis was atready in use in Xylophilus when I proposed
it for a species of Syzetonellus (since merged in Xylophilus ),
the above substitute is now proposed.
XYLOPHILUS INTERRUPTUS, new name.
Syzeton lateralis, Blackb., n. pr.
Syzeton having been also merged in Xylophilus, the
above substitute is proposed for lateralis (Blackburn), that
name also having been previously used in Xylophilus.
XYLOPHILUS ABUNDANS, N. sp.
3. Blackish or brownish; elytra fasciate, legs (femora
sometimes infuscated) and basal half of antennae testaceous.
Densely clothed with short, ashen pubescence.
Head with small punctures. Eyes of moderate size,
widely separated, prominent, front lightly notched. Antennae
moderately long and thin, eleventh joint briefly ovate, slightly
wider than and about as long as ninth and tenth combined.
Prothoraz slightly transverse, sides feebly increasing in width
to near apex and then rounded off; with dense and fairly
conspicuous punctures, with a shallow depression on each side
of base. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, and distinctly
wider than head, sides feebly dilated to beyond the middle;
with dense and well-defined punctures, becoming smaller
posteriorly, with a very vague oblique depression on each
near scutellum, the depressions scarcely traceable, but with
larger punctures than elsewhere. Legs rather long and thin;
186
front tibiae lightly curved, hind ones dilated towards and
notched at apex. Length, 14-2 mm.
Q. Differs in having shorter antennae, eyes somewhat
smaller, elytra more parallel-sided, legs shorter, front tibiae
straighter, and hind ones not quite so wide at apex.
Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6161.
A variable species obtained in abundance on the island.
On some specimens the ground-colour is black, but on many
(especially females) it is not even a very dark brown; the
prothorax is sometimes entirely dark, but usually has the
medio-basal portion obscurely paler, on some specimens the
only dark part 1s a median blotch; on the elytra of the most
abundant form there is a single sub-basal flavous fascia,
commencing on each elytron near the shoulder, where it is
widest, and directed obliquely towards the suture, along
which it extends for a short distance; but frequently a second
fascia may be seen at the apical third, it is often distinct but
never so sharply defined as the sub-basal one; even when both
of the fasciae are absent, however, their positions are usually
indicated by paler pubescence than elsewhere; the legs are
frequently entirely pale; but the hind femora, or the four
hind ones, are sometimes more or less deeply infuscated; the
infuscation of the antennae also varies in extent and intensity.
On five specimens (both sexes) the general colour is of a
rather deep black, and the infuscation of the legs is extended |
to the four hind tibiae and tarsi; the pale pubescence is denser
and more conspicuous than usual in places, and forms two
very conspicuous elytral fasciae, occupying the positions of
the-dermal fasciae (these being entirely absent). The punc-
tures of the upper-surface are somewhat obscured by the
clothing. |
XYLOPHILUS NORFOLCENSIS, Nn. sp.
3. Black or variegated, appendages in parts more or
less flavous. Moderately clothed with short, ashen pubescence.
Head shining and with minute punctures. Eyes promi-
nent, widely separated, feebly notched in front. Antennae
not very long, second joint subglobular, slightly longer and
distinctly wider than third, third-seventh thin, the others
gradually increasing in width, eleventh briefly subovate,
almost as long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax
distinctly transverse, sides gently rounded, slightly wider
near apex than elsewhere; with dense and sharply-defined
but not very large punctures. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, and distinctly wider than head, shoulders strongly
rounded, sides very feebly dilated to beyond the middle;
punctures about base much as on prothorax, but becoming
smaller posteriorly; with a feeble swelling on each side of
187
scutellum. Hind tibiae dilated towards and notched at apex.
Length, 14-2 mm.
Q. Differs in having somewhat shorter antennae,
smaller eyes, elytra less parallel-sided, abdomen more convex,
and legs somewhat shorter.
Hab.—Norfolk Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6158.
A decidedly variable species, more robust than abundans
from Lord Howe Island, and elytra considerably larger, with
coarser punctures. Of the ten specimens taken three have
the body-parts entirely deep black; with the antennae (tip
lightly infuscated or not), palpi, tarsi, and parts of the
femora and tibiae flavous; one has a small flavous spot on
each elytron near the suture at the basal fourth; another has
a similar spot, but also the apex widely flavous; on another
only the tips are flavous; three have the prothorax and elytra
reddish or flavous, but the elytra with the base and a large
medio-lateral spot of variable size (and on one specimen
conjoined to form a median fascia) black. The pronotum is
without trace of the usual sub-basal impressions.
XYLOPHILUS PILOSICORNIS, Nn. sp.
¢. Blackish-brown; three basal joints of antennae,
palpi, tarsi, and knees flavous. Lightly clothed with short
dark pubescence, but denser and paler and forming markings
on prothorax and elytra.
Head gently convex and with small punctures. Eyes
prominent, widely separated and feebly notched in front.
Antennae rather long, second joint slightly stouter than
third, fourth to eighth cylindrical and subequal, ninth and
tenth slightly shorter and wider, eleventh slightly wider and
distinctly shorter than ninth and tenth combined. Prothoraz
lightly transverse, almost parallel-sided; with dense and
small partially-concealed punctures, with a shallow semi-
double basal impression. #lytra long and rather narrow, but
much wider than prothorax, sides almost parallel to near
apex; with dense and fairly strong punctures about base,
becoming much smaller posteriorly ; with a slight swelling on
each side of scutellum, and behind each of these a shallow
longitudinal impression. Tip of abdomen wide and very
lightly incurved. Legs rather long and thin; four front
tibiae lightly curved, the hind ones dilated to and notched
at apex. Length, 21 mm.
" Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type (unique),
. 6160.
Decidedly narrower than any other species from the
island. On the type the pale pubescence forms a distinct
medio-basal spot on the pronotum (partially concealing the
188
impression there), and two not. very pronounced fasciae on
the elytra, placed as on some specimens of abundans; from
which it may be distinguished by its considerably narrower
form, longer antennae, and more sharply-defined elytral
punctures. The antennae are decidedly thin, but their
apparent width is increased by the blackish clothing of the
eight apical joints.
XYLOPHILUS GLABER, N. Sp.
3. Black and highly pohshed; antennae, palpi, and
parts of legs flavous. Upper-surface glabrous, under-surface
sparsely pubescent. : :
Head with fairly numerous and sharply-defined but
rather smal] punctures. Hyes distant, prominent, and very
lightly notched in front. Antennae rather long and thin,
second joint stouter but scarcely longer than third, third-
seventh thin, eighth-tenth slightly dilated, eleventh dis-
tinctly wider than tenth, and almost as long as ninth and
tenth combined. /Prothoraz distinctly transverse, sides feebly
rounded ; punctures slightly denser and coarser than on head.
Hlytra much wider than porthorax, shoulders evenly rounded,
sides lightly dilated to beyond the middle; with dense and
sharply-defined punctures throughout, but becoming smaller
posteriorly. Hind trbiae feebly dilated to and notched at
apex. Length, 13-24 mm.
©. Differs in having somewhat smaller eyes, shorter
antennae, elytra less parallel-sided, abdomen more convex,
and legs shorter.
Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6162.
Readily distinguished from all other species known to
me by its completely glabrous upper-surface. Structurally
it 1s fairly close to norfolcensis. Of the seven specimens taken
five have the body-parts entirely black, but two are piceous-
brown, and one of the latter has the suture (except near base)
and tips of elytra obscurely paler. The prothorax and elytra
are without traces of the usual sub-basal impressions.
XYLOPHILUS CONSPICILLATUS, N. sp.
gd. Of a dingy brown; antennae, palpi, elytra (except
for markings), and parts of legs testaceous or flavous. Densely
clothed with short, ashen pubescence.
Head with dense, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
very large, close together at their nearest point, triangularly
notched in front. Antennae almost extending to tips of
elytra, second joint small and transverse, third very small
and indistinctly separated from fourth, fifth-tenth lightly _
serrated, eleventh slightly wider than tenth but scarcely
189
longer. /Prothorax rather small, parallel-sided to near apex
and then strongly diminishing in width to apex; with dense,
partially-concealed punctures, and with a feeble, semidouble
median depression near base. SHlytra much wider than pro-
thorax; parallel-sided to near apex; with dense and fairly
strong punctures about base (especially in a shallow depression
behind a feeble subscutellar elevation), but becoming smaller
posteriorly. Legs rather long and thin; hind femora stout,
hind tibiae thin and parallel-sided almost throughout.
Length, 13-2 mm.
©. Differs in having much smaller eyes, much more
distant from each other; antennae much shorter with third
joint distinctly separated from fourth, and the eleventh joint
larger in proportion ; prothoracic depression more conspicuous ;
elytra larger and less parallel-sided; abdomen more convex
and legs shorter, with hind femora thinner.
Hab.—Lord Howe Island; New South Wales: Sydney
(A. M. Lea), Hornsby (C. Gibbons).
The third joint of the antennae in the female is very
short, but in the male it is still shorter, and so closely applied
to the fourth that except on close examination the two appear
as but one, and consequently the antennae appear to be ten-
jointed. On each elytron there is an infuscate-elongated O,
each O enclosing an elongated spot of similar colour to the
other parts of the elytra; each commences at the basal fourth,
and ends slightly beyond the middle, it almost touches the
suture and near the base is connected with the side (so that
as viewed from the side on one elytron the O appears like a
Q). The specimens from Sydney agree in structure with the
types, but differ in being considerably paler; on the male
the O on each elytron is traceable, although not very deeply
infuscated, and the four hind femora are moderately infus-
cated; on the female the O on each elytron is paler and
not complete, and only the hind femora are infuscated. The
specimen from Hornsby agrees well with the type in colour
as well as in structure.
XYLOPHILUS LEUCOSTICTUS, Nn. sp.
¢. Blackish, parts of under-surface and of appendages
obscurely paler. Clothed with dark pubescence, but becoming
paler on head and parts of under-surface, and forming dis-
tinct spots on prothorax and elytra.
flead with dense, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
large, moderately separated, deeply notched. Antennae
moderately long and rather stout, second joint short, trans-
verse, and closely applied to third, third longer than first
and second combined, slightly dilated to apex and almost
190
concealing the fourth (which is very small), fifth to tenth
rather strongly serrated, eleventh subovate, distinctly longer
and slightly wider than tenth. Prothoraz lightly transverse,
base, apex, and sides lightly rounded; with dense and rather
small punctures. #lytra distinctly wider than prothorax,
shoulders strongly rounded, sides almost parallel, punctures
about base slightly larger than on prothorax, but diminishing
in size posteriorly. Legs rather long; middle femora moder-
ately stout, the hind ones very stout, both pairs fringed on
hind margins; hind tibiae neither dilated nor notched at
apex. Length, 2 mm.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), I. 6172.
A compact black species with conspicuous pubescent
markings and peculiar antennae. The pale pubescence forms
six conspicuous spots on the upper-surface: two round ones
near the base of the pronotum, a round one on the middle
near the base of each elytron, and a Iess distinct one at the
apical third. The distance between the eyes at their nearest
point is about equal to the length of the first antennal joint.
The antennae at first glance appear to be but nine-jointed,
owing to the third joint being enlarged and almost concealing
the very small fourth joint, and to the close adherence to its
base of the second joint. The prothorax and elytra are
apparently without impressions, but possibly if the pubescence
was abraded some might become evident. I have been unable
to closely examine the front legs of the type.
XYLOPHILUS DISCOATER, Nl. sp.
Reddish-flavous, palpi and tarsi paler; antennae (except
about base) infuscated, elytra with a large median blackish
blotch. Moderately clothed with very short indistinct
pubescence.
Head moderately convex and shining between eyes; with
numerous small punctures. Eyes prominent, rather widely
separated, lightly notched in front. Antennae rather long
and thin, second joint subglobular, third shorter and thinner
than second, fourth-tenth subequal in length but very feebly
increasing in width, eleventh subovate, wider and slightly
longer than tenth. VProthorax small and lightly transverse ;
punctures rather small and irregular; with an irregular
impression across middle, and with two conspicuous impres-
sions at base. Hlytra almost twice the width of prothorax,
sides very feebly dilated to near apex; with rather dense and
sharply-defined but not very large punctures, larger on and
about some slight sub-basal swellings tham elsewhere. Legs
191
moderately long; hind tibiae rather strongly dilated to and
notched at tip. Length, 14-2 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine, in _ rotting
leaves; New South Wales: Wollongong, National Park
(A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6164.
A very distinct species; the blotch on the elytra covers
about one-third of their surface and is almost median, but
along the suture is slightly nearer the base than apex. The
male has slightly larger eyes than the female, longer antennae,
with the third joint more closely applied to the fourth, elytra
more parallel-sided, abdomen less convex, and hind tibiae
more conspicuously dilated to apex.
XYLOPHILUS SYNOPTICUS, N. sp.
3. Black; elytra bifasciate, antennae (basal joints
infuscated) and parts of legs reddish. Clothed with moder-
ately long, straggling, whitish pubescence.
Head with dense, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
very large, almost touching at their nearest point, lightly
notched in front. Antennae rather long. Prothorax rather
small and lightly transverse, sides gently rounded but rather
suddenly narrowed at apex, with a shallow median line and
several very shallow lateral depressions; with crowded and
moderately small punctures. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, but not much wider than head, parallel-sided from
shoulders to near apex, each with a feeble swelling near
scutellum; with dense and sharply-defined punctures of
moderate size about base, becoming smaller posteriorly. Legs
moderately long; hind femora rather thick; hind tibiae with
apical half thicker than basal half, but not dilated to apex.
Length, 23-23 mm.
Hab.—Northern Queensland: Blackburn’s collection.
Type, I. 6173.
Structurally fairly close to abnormis and octomaculatus,
but the markings very different. The elytral fasciae are
rather narrow; the first is reddish and close to the base, but
is interrupted at the suture, the second is at the apical third,’
more flavous than the other, and also interrupted at the
suture. The tips of the antennae of the two specimens in the
Museum are missing, but the joints that are left are much
as in octomaculatus.
XYLOPHILUS PARENTHETICUS, N. sp.
3. Reddish-flavous; head and some elytral markings
black, apical half of hind femora and base of antennae infus-
cated. Moderately clothed with stramineous pubescence.
192
Head with small, partially-concealed punctures. Eyes
very large, almost touching at their nearest point, lightly
notched in front. Antennae moderately long, third joint
slightly longer than second and slightly shorter than fourth,
fourth-tenth subequal in length and subcylindrical, eleventh
dilated from base to middle, then narrowed to tip, almost as
long as ninth and tenth combined. /Prothorax lightly trans-
verse, parallel-sided from base to near apex and then strongly
narrowed to apex, with a shallow median line and scarcely
traceable lateral depressions; with fairly dense and rather
small, irregular punctures. SH#lytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided from shoulders to near apex; with
dense and sharply-defined punctures of moderate size, becom-
ing smaller posteriorly. Legs rather long; four front tibiae
lightly curved, the hind ones straight and parallel- sided
- except at base. Length, 2-24 mm.
Q. Differs in having somewhat smaller eyes, not quite
so close together, antennae shorter with shorter apical joint,
elytra and abdomen more convex, and legs shorter with four
front tibiae straighter.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 6167.
With parentheses-like markings on the elytra, very
different to those of any species previously recorded from
Australia, and exactly alike on the three specimens under
examination; the mark on each elytron commences at the
basal third, and ends slightly beyond the middle, on the
left 1t appears much like a C (and, of course, reversed on the
right); there is also a small infuscate spot on each elytron
near the apex. There is a feeble swelling on each elytron
near the suture, and a shallow depression between the swell-
ing and the shoulder; on the males they are fairly distinct,
but on the female they are scarcely traceable.
XYLOPHILUS PACHYMERUS, N. sp.
a
dg. Flavous; head and parts of under-surface with a
reddish tinge, suture and parts of sides of elytra infuscated
and each elytron with two black spots, metasternum and part
of hind femora deeply infuscated. Moderately clothed with
whitish pubescence.
Head shining and with small and not very dense punc-
tures. Eyes large, close together, and lightly notched in front.
Antennae rather long, second joint short, third to tenth
subcylindrical, eleventh about as long as ninth and tenth
combined, slightly dilated to middle and then narrowed to
apex. Prothorax rather small and lightly transverse, with a
193
vague median line and without distinct lateral impressions ;
with dense and sharply-defined but rather small punctures.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided
from shoulders to near apex; with dense and sharply-defined
punctures throughout, smaller posteriorly than elsewhere, and
larger on a shallow oblique impression (commencing on each
elytron at the base, near the shoulder, and ending near the
middle at the basal fourth). Legs rather long; hind femora
dilated and almost twice as thick as the middle pair; front
tibiae lightly curved. Length, 2? mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6170.
The hind femora should be distinctive, so the type has
been described, even although its hind tibiae and abdomen
_ are missing. The elytral spots are somewhat obliquely placed
and subelliptic in shape; the first commences at the base near
the shoulder and ends at the basal third, and the second is
almost median. The distance between the eyes at their
nearest point is slightly more than the thickness of the basal
antennal joint.
XYLOPHILUS OBLIQUIFASCIATUS, n. sp.
6. Head black, prothorax and most of under-surface
reddish, elytra flavous with black and infuscate markings,
appendages fiavous but hind femora partly infuscated.
Moderately clothed with whitish pubescence.
Head with small and rather dense punctures. Eyes very
large and almost touching in front, lightly notched.
Antennae rather long, second joint subglobular, third sub-
cylindrical and slightly longer than wide, tenth feebly dilated
to apex and slightly transverse, the intervening joints very
gradually altering, eleventh slightly longer than ninth and
tenth combined, feebly dilated’ from base fo middle, and then
narrowed to tip. Prothorax lightly transverse, almost parallel-
sided from base to near apex; with dense and sharply-defined
but rather small punctures. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided from shoulders to near apex, with a
shallow depression on each side of base near shoulder; punc-
tures dense, sharply defined, and of moderate size, but
becoming small posteriorly. Legs moderately long; hind
femora rather stout; hind tibiae rather stouter than the
middle ones, but no wider at apex than at middle, front
pair lightly bisinuate on lower surface. Length, 2-24 mm.
Q. Differs in having the eyes smaller and not so close
together, antennae with all the joints except the second,
shorter; abdomen more convex and legs shorter.
H
194
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, it. Gls |
Allied to undatus, but antennae longer and otherwise
different, elytra with infuscate markings near tip and scutel-
lum, and the’ median fascia of all four specimens before me
not ‘the same as on all the thirteen of undatus. There is a
conspicuous black median fascia on the elytra, oblique on
each side, touching the suture (where it is narrowest) almost
at the exact middle, and at the sides (where it is considerably
dilated) nearer the base; on two specimens it is continued as
a lateral infuscation almost to the base; the suture is narrowly
infuscated ; the infuscation semicircularly or subtriangularly
dilated at the base (so as to include the scutellum), and
slightly dilated (so as to form a small sutural spot) near the
apex. The distance between the eyés of the female is about
equal to the length of the first antennal joint, in the male
it is much less. The pronotum has three very vague depres-
sions at the base, the median one being all that is left of a
median line, but on one specimen there is another remnant
of it at the apex.
XYLOPHILUS FLAVICOLLIS, Nn. sp.
éd. Flavous; elytra, mesosternum, metasternum, and
abdomen blackish- ‘brown ; antennae (two or three basal joints
excepted) deeply infuscated. Clothed with extremely short,
indistinct pubéscence.
Head with numerous minute punctures. Eyes large and
prominent, fairly close together at their nearest point, lightly
notched in front. Antennae rather long and thin, second
joint slightly smaller than third, eleventh subovate, about
as long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax rather small
and lightly transverse, with a feeble transverse median
impression, with two small but distinct subcontiguous impres-
sions at base; with fairly dense, partially-concealed punctures.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near
apex, with a vague swelling on each side of scutellum; punc-
tures dense and sharply defined but not very large about
base, becoming much smaller posteriorly. Legs moderately
long; hind tibiae conspicuously dilated to and notched at
apex. Length, 13-2 mm.
@. Differs in having eyes less. prominent and not so
close together, antennae shorter, with second joint slightly
stouter than third (but not longer), prothorax more trans-
verse, elytra somewhat wider, abdomen more convex, and
legs somewhat shorter with hind tibiae not quite so wide
at apex.
i
~-* ba)
?
195
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine; New South
Wales: Forest Reefs and eterna Park (A. M. Lea).
Type, I. 6166. |
In general appearance Sah like hsapid but narrower,
antennae distinctly longer (in both sexes) and darker, eyes
larger (in both sexes), elytral punctures distinctly larger
and scutellum flavous. Three specimens (two males and one
female) have the head very slightly darker. than: the pro-
thorax, and the basal joints of the antennae conspicuously
paler than the following ones; but a second female has the
head almost as dark as the elytra, the antennae entirely dark,
and the hind legs infuscated; it is also slightly larger than
the others, and has some longer hairs scattered about on the
elytra. The distance between the eyes of the male at their
nearest is about equal to the length of the first antennal joint ;
in the female it is about equal to that of the three basal joints.
XYLOPHILUS FLAVOCASTANEUS, N. sp.
d. Flavo-castaneous, parts of elytra paler. Clothed
with very short, ashen pubescence.
Head with punctures normally concealed. Eyes promi-
nent, moderately separated, scarcely notched.. Antennae
moderately long and rather thin, second joint slightly stouter
than third but no longer, eleventh slightly wider than tenth,
and about as long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax
about as long as wide, without distinct impressions and
with punctures partially concealed. LHlytra distinctly wider
than prothorax but not much wider than head; with dense
punctures, partially concealed by clothing, and becoming
small posteriorly. Legs rather long; front trochanters acutely
spinose; hind femora stout, with a conspicuous abruptly-
terminated fringe on lower surface ; hind tibiae thin at base,
‘rather strongly dilated to near apex, and then slightly
_ narrowed to tip, front por with a short wide flange on one
side of apex. Length, 14-13 mm.
Hab.—Northern Queensland Perdecpueh s collection),
Mount Tambourine; New South Wales: National Park
(A. M. Lea). Type, boi
Allied to mundus, but narrower, more convex, and
elytral markings, clothing, and legs different. The paler mark-
ings on the elytra are due partly to the colour of the derm
itself and partly to its clothing, and are less distinct on the
specimens (including the type) from ‘the far north than the
others; on the type they form two fasciae: the first just
before the middle, interrupted at the suture and irregular
about the shoulders, the second just beyond the middle and
H2
196
also interrupted at the suture; on the National Park specimen
the paler markings are more extended, leaving darker parts
as follows: a blotch about scutellum, a well-defined median
fascia, and a less sharply-defined subapical one. There are
four males under examination.
XYLOPHILUS RUFOHUMERALIS, N. sp.
Black; shoulders, antennae (club excepted), palpi, and
legs more or less reddish. With very short, ashen pubescence.
Head almost impunctate. Eyes large, prominent, not
very close together, and lightly notched. Antennae thin and
moderately long, second joint subglobular, slightly shorter
than second, eleventh almost as long as ninth and tenth
combined, apex pointed. Prothorax moderately transverse,
sides feebly dilated from base to near apex and then abruptly
narrowed, across middle with a shallow depression but more
conspicuously impressed on sides, near base with two small
conspicuous foveae, separated by a shining median line; with
rather small, irregularly-distributed punctures; but crowded
in the impressed parts. Hlytra much wider than prothorax,
feebly dilated to beyond the middle, with a feeble swelling on
each side of scutellum at base, and a shallow depression
behind each swelling; punctures dense and rather small but
sharply defined about base, becoming very small posteriorly.
Legs rather long and thin. Length, 2 mm. |
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6175.
Structurally close to impressicollis, but shoulders con-
spicuously reddish; hwmeralis (Lea, nec Pic) is a smaller
species, with pale head and prothorax and coarser punctures.
The reddish mark on each shoulder is about half the size of
the head, the apical part of the elytra is obscurely diluted
with red, the hind femora are infuscated (the other parts of
the hind legs are missing); the three apical joints of the
antennae are infuscated, but only the apical one conspicuously
so. The distance between the eyes at their nearest point is
slightly greater than the length of the basal antennal joint.
The type appears to be a female.
XYLOPHILUS POECILOPTERUS, Nn. sp.
dé. Brownish-black; antennae, palpi, and legs (the four
hind femora infuscated) flavo-testaceous. Clothed with short
and extremely short, ashen or whitish pubescence.
Head moderately convex between eyes; with small, norm-
ally-concealed punctures. Eyes lateral, prominent, rather
widely separated and very lightly notched. Antennae rather
197
long and thin, second joint subglobular, slightly shorter than
third but somewhat wider, tenth very closely applied to
eleventh and with it forming a small club. Prothorax about
as long as wide, sides feebly dilated to near apex and then
suddenly narrowed ; with a shallow depression on each side
about middle and another in middle of base ; punctures dense
but partially concealed. Llytra flat and rather long, almost
twice the width of prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex, a
shallow depression traversing the suture at basal fourth; the
punctures there dense and distinct, but smaller and more or
less concealed elsewhere. Legs rather long and thin; hind
femora lightly grooved and with a short fringe of golden
pubescence; hind tibiae no wider at apex than in middle.
Length, 2 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Innisfail (A. A. Girault). Type
(unique), I. 6198.
In general appearance approaching some of the depressed
species of Anthicus, but with the suture between the two
basal segments of abdomen distinct only at sides, and hind
femora with the curious clothing of several other species of
Xylophilus. The upper-surface at first glance appears to have
a kind of bloom, but this is really due to extremely minute
pubescence, amongst which is mixed the ordinary short
pubescence of the genus.
XYLOPHILUS MICROPS, Nn. sp.
3. Blackish-brown; antennae (lightly infuscated about
apex), palpi, legs (hind femora infuscated) and two elytral
fasciae paler. With very fine, ashen pubescence.
Head with small, dense punctures. Eyes prominent but
(for the genus) rather small and distant. Antennae rather
long and thin, second joint subglobular, slightly shorter and
stouter than third, ninth and tenth slightly dilated and, with
the eleventh, forming a loose club. VProthorazx slightly wider
than long, sides gently rounded and wider ‘near apex
than elsewhere; punctures dense, sharply defined, and
rather small; with two feeble medio-basal impressions. Hlytra
rather narrow and parallel-sided, scarcely wider than widest
part of prothorax, basal impressions scarcely traceable; punc-
tures slightly larger than on prothorax, but becoming smaller
posteriorly. Legs rather long; hind femora stout, with a
conspicuous abruptly-terminated fringe on lower surface ; hind
tibiae with apical half wider than basal half, but not ‘wider
at apex than near same. Length, 14 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6177.
198
With the general outlines of flavocastaneus, but much
darker, punctures much more conspicuous, and elytral fasciae
in somewhat different positions: the first is oblique from each
shoulder to the suture (with the scutellar region infuscated),
and the second is at the apical third, not quite touching the
sides or suture. It is apparently closer to algcola than to
any other described species, but is narrower, more parallel-
sided and darker, with very different markings ; from mundus
it differs in being narrower and more convex, with different
markings and pubescence. I have been unable to see the
front legs clearly, but the middle tibiae are somewhat sinuous
near apex. Hach eye, as seen from directly in front, occupies
only about one-fifth of the width of head.
XYLOPHILUS DOLICHODERES, Nn. sp.
g. Flavous, with markings varying from light brown
to black. Clothed with very short pubescence, varying from
white to brown.
Head wide; punctures partially concealed. Eyes large,
prominent, not very close together, and feebly notched.
Antennae rather long and thin, second joint small but slightly
longer and thicker than third, fourth-tenth subequal in
length, eleventh irregularly subovate, not as long as ninth
and tenth combined. Prothoraz slightly longer than wide,
sides feebly dilated from base to near apex, and then strongly
narrowed; with dense but partially-concealed punctures ;
with two subcontiguous, small, medio-basal impressions.
Hlytra depressed, much wider than prothorax at base, sides
gently but distinctly dilated to beyond the middle, with a
shallow but fairly long depression on each, commencing at
base near the shoulder; with dense and rather small punc-
tures, becoming still smaller posteriorly. Legs rather long
and thin; hind femora moderately stout, with a short sub-
basal fringe on lower surface; hind tibiae rather thin (but
stouter than the others), no wider at apex than in middle.
Length, 2 mm.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), I. 6199.
Structurally a distinct species; but the colours are
probably variable. The head and prothorax are of a rather
deep red, with the sides of the prothorax black, but appear-
ing slaty- grey on account of the pubescence; the elytra are
flavous but with irregular light brown markings occupying
most of the basal two-thirds, the suture close to the scutellum
is blackish, near the Euture on the basal two-thirds there
are some irregular patches of pale pubescence; the under-
surface, hind femora, and base of hind tibiae are blackish,
£99
the rest of the legs, the antennae, and palpi are conspicuously
flavous. The pubescence causes part of the upper-surface to
appear to have a kind of ‘“‘bloom.’’ The distance between
the eyes at their nearest point is slightly more than the
length of the basal antennal joint. The elytra at their
widest are more than twice the width of the prothorax.
XYLOPHILUS BRACHYDERES, N.. sp.
Of a dingy light brownish-red, palpi and most of legs
paler; head, an elytral fascia, abdomen (wholly or in part),
and hind femora more or less deeply infuscated. Densely
clothed with very short, pale pubescence.
Head strongly convex; with dense, small, and partially-
concealed punctures. Eyes prominent, lightly notched,
widely separated, and (for the genus) small. Antennae
rather short, second joint subglobular and slightly shorter
than third, fourth-tenth each transverse and slightly dilated
to apex, eleventh very little wider than tenth, and shorter
than ninth and tenth combined. Prothoraz strongly trans-
verse, sides lightly dilated to near apex, and then suddenly
narrowed, base very lightly trisinuate, with two shallow
depressions near middle of base; punctures very dense but
partially concealed by clothing. Hlytra distinctly wider than
base of prothorax, but at base not much wider than widest
part of same, sides lightly but distinctly dilated to beyond
the middle; punctures dense and rather sharply defined (but
partially obscured by pubescence) about base, but becoming
very small posteriorly. Legs rather long and thin. Length,
1-14 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Rockhampton, to light (A. M. Lea),
Dalby (Mrs. F. H. Hobler), Helidon (C. J. Wild, in Queens-
land Museum); New South Wales: Richmond River (A. J.
Coates), Sydney (C. Gibbons). Type, I. 6168.
A small dumpy species, structurally closer perhaps to
erassicornis than to any other Australian species, but with
very different colours. The male differs from the female in
having slightly larger eyes, antennae somewhat longer, elytra
less dilated posteriorly, abdomen less convex, and legs dis-
tinctly longer; the hind tibiae are rather thin and no wider
at apex than in middle. The elytral fascia touches the sides
slightly in advance of the middle, but touches the suture
almost at the exact middle, and is subtriangularly continued
along the suture half-way to the apex; although not very
dark it is quite distinct on all the (six) specimens under
examination ; the vicinity of the scutellum is sometimes lightly
infuscated. The greatest width of the prothorax is almost
200
equal to that of the head; the elytra are without sub-basal
depressions.
A specimen from the Swan River appears to belong to
the species, but has the elytral fascia much less defined and
not traceable to the suture; with the under-surface and legs
entirely pale.
| XYLOPHILUS ANTHICICEPS, n. sp.
dg. Of a dingy castaneous-red, with black or infuscate
markings. Densely clothed with short, pale pubescence.
Head elongate; with dense, partially-concealed punc-
tures. Eyes prominent, lightly notched, rather distant from
each other and from the base. Antennae moderately long,
second joint subglobular, slightly shorter and stouter than
third, eleventh irregularly subovate, slightly shorter than
ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax about as long as wide,
sides feebly dilated from base to near apex, and then
suddenly narrowed, with a small semidouble medio-basal
impression, punctures much as on head. H#lytra much wider
than prothorax at base, sides lightly but distinctly dilated to
beyond the middle; with dense and sharply-defined but not
very large punctures about base, becoming smaller posteriorly.
Legs rather long and thin; hind femora rather stout; hind
tibiae no wider at apex than in middle. Length, 2 mm.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), I. 6176.
The markings are not sharply defined and on the basal
two-thirds of elytra are somewhat as in mediofasciatus, but
structurally and in colours elsewhere the two species are very
different. In general appearance, more especially about the
head, it rather strongly resembles many species of Anthicus,
but the suture between the two basal segments of abdomen
is distinct only at the sides, and the basal joint of the hind
tarsi is lightly curved and much longer than the rest
combined. The head ‘and prothorax are of a very dingy
red, and the colour is partly obscured by the clothing, the
sides of the prothorax are also infuscated; the elytra are
mostly black, with each shoulder reddish; there is also a very
obscurely reddish patch (large and -very ill-defined) on the
apical slope; the three basal joints of the antennae are partly
infuscated, the three apical ones are black, the others are of
a rather bright red; the under-surface and hind femora are
blackish. The distance between the eyes is about equal to
that between each and the base, and about equal to the
combined length of the two basal joints of antennae. The
elytra at their widest are more than twice the width of the
head ; and the sub-basal impressions are very feeble.
201
XYLOPHILUS MEDIOFASCIATUS, N. sp.
Of'a dingy reddish-brown; elytra variegated, appendages
flavous. Densely clothed with very short, ashen pubescence.
Head with small, dense, partially-concealed punctures.
Eyes large, prominent, lightly notched, and fairly close
together in front. Antennae moderately long, second joint
short, slightly shorter than third but no thinner, the follow-
ing ones very lightly serrated, eleventh subovate, almost as
long as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorar almost as
long as wide, slightly wider near apex than elsewhere; with
_ dense and small, partially-concealed punctures; with a vague
impression across middle, and two small subconjoined impres-
sions in middle of base. Hlytra flat, distinctly wider than pro-
thorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex, with a shallow
depression on each side of base near shoulder; punctures
dense, rather small and partially concealed, becoming very
small posteriorly. Legs rather long; all the tibiae thin.
Length, 2 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (A. M. Lea), unique.
The sex of the type is doubtful; it is not very striking
in general appearance, but I know nothing at all close to it.
The elytra are of three shades of colour, but the shades not
abruptly limited, although quite distinct: commencing on
each shoulder and triangularly dilated to about the basal
third the colour is much the same as that of the antennae,
across the middle is a wide fascia coloured as the prothorax,
between this and the subhumeral patches the colour is slaty-
grey, the part beyond the fascia (about two-fifths of the apex)
is coloured as the shoulders. The distance between the eyes
at their nearest approach is about equal to the length of the
basal antennal joint.
XYLOPHILUS CNEMOPACHYS, D. sp.
3g. Flavous; head more or less deeply infuscated, some-
times black. Rather densely clothed with very short
pubescence.
Head strongly transverse; with dense, partially-concealed
punctures. Eyes large and rather close together, feebly
notched. Antennae rather short, second joint subglobular,
stouter and slightly longer than third, third and fourth
small and equal, fifth-tenth slightly larger, subequal and all
transverse, eleventh subovate, scarcely wider than tenth but
distinctly longer. Prothoraz rather lightly transverse,
slightly wider near apex than elsewhere; with very dense,
partially-concealed punctures; with four depressions at base:
a small one on each side, and two slightly larger subconjoined
202
ones in middle. Llytra rather long, much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, with a shallow, depression
on each side of a feeble subscutellar elevation; with dense
and not very large but sharply-defined punctures about base,
becoming smaller and partially concealed posteriorly. Tip of
abdomen bifoveate. Legs long; hind tibiae strongly dilated
from each end to middle. Length, 13-2 mm.
Q. Differs in being slightly wider, eyes smaller and
not so close together, antennae slightly shorter, hind tibiae
evenly dilated from base to apex, and notched at apex, and
in the abdomen.
Hab.—Queensland: Townsville (Blackburn’s collection
and H. H. D.- Griffith, from F. P. Dodd). ‘Type, I: 6163.
A depressed species readily distinguished from all other
members of the genus by the greatly thickened hind tibiae
of the male; the small fourth joint of antennae is also rather
peculiar. On an occasional specimen there is a slight infus-
cation on the disc of the pronotum. The distance between
the eyes of the male at their nearest point is less than the
length of the basal joint of antennae; in the female the
distance is slightly more. At first glance the abdomen
of the male along the middle appears to be composed of but
three segments, owing to the complete obliteration of the
suture between the two’basal segments across the middle,
and to the fourth being much shorter than the third; on the
female, however, the third and fourth are of even length,
and the fifth has a vague median depression only.
XYLOPHILUS DIVISUS, N. sp.
d. Flavous; head sometimes rather hghtly infuscated.
Moderately densely clothed with (for the genus) not very
short pubescence.
Head with small and rather sparse punctures. Eyes
large, close together in front, lightly notched. Antennae
moderately long, second and third joints small and subequal,
the following ones not much larger, eleventh almost as long
as ninth and tenth combined. Prothorazx rather small; with
dense and moderately small but sharply-defined punctures ;
with a vague depression on each side of base. Hlytra moder-
ately convex, much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to
beyond the middle, subscutellar elevations extremely feeble ;
punctures rather denser and more sharply defined (although
not larger) than on prothorax, becoming smaller posteriorly.
Middle tzbiae distinctly dilated from base to beyond the
middle and then rather abruptly narrowed to apex; hind
_ pair rather thin, no wider at apex than in middle. Length,
14-2 mm.
203
©. Differs in having the eyes smaller and not so close
together, antennae somewhat shorter, abdomen more convex,
legs shorter and middle tibiae simple.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 6180.
A small pale species, with peculiar middle tibiae in the
male; the hind femora are of two shades of colour, sharply
contrasted and longitudinally divided along the middle, on
some males the darker shade is of a rather dark brown; on
the females the division is much less distinct. The distance
between the eyes of the male at their nearest point is less
than the length of the basal antennal joint. The pronotum
on some specimens has remnants of a vague median line, and
the basal depressions, when present, are feeble and ill defined.
XYLOPHILUS DECIPIENS, N. sp.
oie Flavous ; head slightly darker than elsewhere. Very
finely pubescent.
Head with small and rather numerous punctures. Eyes
large and rather close together. Antennae moderately long,
second joint small, third to tenth subequal, eleventh almost
as long as ninth and tenth combined, lightly dilated to beyond
the middle and then strongly narrowed on one side to apex.
Prothoraz rather strongly transverse; with dense and rather
small, but sharply-defined punctures; with several vague
depressions. Slytra distinctly wider than prothorax, ahd
with somewhat similar punctures, but becoming smaller pos-
teriorly. Metasternum widely and distinctly depressed in
middle, and with distinct punctures there. Middle tzbiae
lightly curved and rather thick throughout, hind tibiae thin,
lightly curved, apical half of even width, except that it is
slightly narrowed to tip; hind femora rather stout. Length,
14 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Hamilton (C. J. Wild). Type
(unique), I. 6394.
In general appearance strikingly close to the preceding
species, with which I had at one time confused it, but
readily distinguished by the middle tibiae of the male ; these
on the present species are decidedly thick, but not dilated
to a special point, and are hollow on the lower surface, the
hind legs are also somewhat different, the eyes are not quite
so close together, and the metasternum is different; on that
species its median depression is considerably narrower, shorter,
and almost impunctate.
XYLOPHILUS NIGRICLAVUS, I. sp.
3. Of a rather dingy flavous; three apical joints of
antennae blackish. With very short, pale pubescence.
204
Head with small, partially-concealed punctures. LHyes
large, close together in front, lightly notched. Antennae
rather long and thin, second joint stouter and distinctly
longer than third, third about half the length of fourth,
eleventh irregularly ovate, wider than tenth and distinctly
shorter than ninth and tenth combined. Prothorax rather
small; with dense, partially-concealed punctures; with a
feeble transverse median impression, and two small, subcon-
joined, medio-basal ones. SHlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex; with dense and
sharply-defined, but not very large punctures, becoming
smaller posteriorly ; with a feeble swelling on each near scutel-
lum, and a shallow depression behind same. Legs moderately
long; hind tibiae dilated to and notched at tip. Length,
13-12 mm.
Q. Differs in having eyes not quite so close together,
antennae shorter, elytra not quite so parallel-sided, abdomen
more convex, median impression of mesosternum less sharply
defined, and legs shorter, with hind tibiae less conspicuously
dilated at apex.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection) :
Innisfail (A. A. Girault). Type, I. 6181.
Longer in proportion than divisus, and antennae tipped
with black. The distance separating the eyes of the male is
less than the basal joint of antennae; of these the third joint
is unusually small.
XYLOPHILUS INTERIORIS, N. sp.
Flavous; head infuscated. Rather densely clothed with
short, whitish pubescence.
Head with dense and (where not concealed by pubescence)
rather sharply-defined punctures. Eyes large, fairly close
together in front, lightly notched. Antennae not very long,
second-tenth joints subequal in width, the second and third
slightly smaller than the others, eleventh very little wider but
distinctly longer than tenth. Prothoraz rather strongly
transverse; with dense and rather small punctures; with a
feeble transverse impression at middle, and two small sub-
conjoined medio-basal ones. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, with a vague longitudinal
depression near each shoulder; with dense and small punc-
tures, sharply defined only on basal third. Legs rather long ;
hind tibiae gently dilated to and notched at apex. Length,
2+ mm.
id ab.—South Australia: Oodnadatta (Blackburn’s collec-
tion). Type (unique), I. 6178.
205
In general appearance like a large specimen of cneémé-
pachys, but differs in being larger and less depressed, in the
prothorax, etc.; in addition it differs from the male of that
species in its very different legs, and from the female in its’
larger eyes, closer together at their nearest, where the distance’
between them is equal to the basal antennal joint; the hind
tibiae also have the apex more oblique than on that species.
From divisus it differs in being larger, more depressed, and
with much finer punctures, and in the head, antennae, and
legs. The type is probably a female.
XYLOPHILUS FUSCIVENTIS, n. sp.
Of a dingy reddish-testaceous, abdomen darker ; elytra,
antennae (somewhat infuscated towards apex), palpi, and
legs of a rather dingy flavous. With sparse and very short,
pale pubescence.
Head widely transverse; with dense and small, partially-
concealed punctures. Eyes large, prominent, and very
lightly notched in front, not very close together. Antennae
rather thin, second joint subglobular, slightly larger than
third, third about half the length of fourth, eleventh slightly
longer and wider than tenth. Prothorax distinctly trans-
verse, parallel-sided to near apex; with dense and rather
sharply-defined punctures, with some vague depressions across:
middle and a more distinct one on each side of middle of base.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, very feebly dilated to
beyond the middle, basal depression near each shoulder very
feeble; punctures about base slightly larger and more distinct
than on prothorax, becoming smaller posteriorly. Legs rather
long; hind tibiae dilated to and notched at apex. Length,
12 mm.
: Hab.—Queensland: Bluff (A. M. Lea). Type (unique),.
. 6182.
In build close to negriclavus, but without a post-scutellar
depression, prothorax larger, antennae not so thin and with
the club paler, and the abdomen darker. From cnemopachys
it differs in having narrower and less depressed elytra, with
coarser punctures, and in the antennae and abdomen. From
divisus it is distinct by the medio-basal impressions of the
pronotum. I have not been able to see the front legs clearly,
but as the middle tibiae are thin and lightly eurved the type
is probably a male.
XYLOPHILUS LATEROFUSCUS, N. sp.
gd. Of a dingy reddish-testaceous, head and parts of
under-surface darker, sides of elytra lightly infuscated about
206
middle, parts of legs somewhat flavous. Densely clothed with
very short, pale, pubescence. 7
Head rather strongly transverse, punctures indistinct.
Eyes large, close together in front, lightly notched. Antennae
rather long and thin, second joint subglobular, slightly wider
and shorter than third, third-tenth subequal, eleventh slightly
longer and wider than tenth. Prothorazx distinctly trans-
verse ; with dense, more or less concealed punctures; with a
conspicuous depression on each side of middle of base. Llytra
much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex; with
dense and rather small, partially-concealed punctures, but
more distinct than elsewhere on and about a feeble sub-
scutellar swelling, and a shallow depression near same on each
elytron. Legs rather long; hind tibiae no wider at tip than
near same. Length, 14-14 mm.
Q. Differs in having the head somewhat smaller, eyes
not so close together (although fairly close), abdomen more
convex, and legs slightly and antennae conspicuously shorter.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection):
Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6188.
The elytral markings at first glance are vaguely sugges-
tive of those of brachyderes, but they are lateral only, the
general shape is more parallel-sided and the hind femora are
dark; a female from Cairns is rather paler than the type,
but with the head darker, the lateral markings of the elytra
more distinct, and the legs uniformly pale. The pubescence
is extremely short, but is so dense that the finer sculpture is
almost concealed, on the upper-surface it is almost ashen (on
the elytra it occasionally appears to be subvittate), but on
the under-surface it is whiter. On one female from Cairns
the dark lateral markings are more extended, the elytra are
non-vittate, and the sterna are almost blood-red ; its abdomen
is missing. The depressions at the base of the pronotum from
some directions appear semicircular and much larger than
from others; whilst from some directions, especially on the
females, each appears to be divided into two. The distance
between the eyes of the male at their closest is much less than
the length of the basal antennal joint; in the female it is
almost equal to the length of that joint.
XYLOPHILUS TRICHOMERUS, Nn. sp.
Of a dingy reddish-testaceous, elytra and appendages not
much paler. Clothed with very short pubescence, more
distinct on under-surface than on upper.
Head rather convex; with dense, but partially-concealed
punctures. Eyes widely separated, prominent, and lightly
notched. Antennae moderately long, second joint subglobular
207
and’ rather small, third to tenth subequal in length
but feebly increasing in width, eleventh slightly wider than
tenth, and almost as long as ninth and tenth combined.
Prothorax lightly transverse, sides slightly dilated from base
to near apex, and then suddenly narrowed, with a shallow
depression across base and a still more feeble one across
middle, but becoming fairly strong on sides; with dense,
partially- -concealed punctures, more distinct on sides than
elsewhere. Wlytra much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided
to near apex; with dense and rather sharply-defined punc-
tures on and about a feeble subscutellar elevation, and a
feeble depression near same on each elytron, but becoming
much smaller posteriorly. Legs moderately long; hind femora
with a short but distinct fringe on lower surface; hind tibiae
rather thin, no wider at apex than in middle. Length, 21 mm.
Hab. — Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. erode Type
(unique), I. 6184..
A dingy uniformly-coloured species, with eyes unusually
small for the genus, the distance between them at their closest
is. about equal to the length of the four basal. joints of
antennae. ‘The peculiar clothing of the hind femora seems
to be a masculine character, but the abdomen is more convex
than is usual in males, and from its tip there is protruding
a long, thin, soft appendage that certainly appears to be an
ovipositor. he |
| XYLOPHILUS RUFOBRUNNEUS, N.. sp.
Of a dingy reddish-brown, appendages somewhat paler,
under-surface almost black. Densely clothed with extremely
short, dingy pubescence. :
Head with small, dense, partially-concealed punctures.
Eyes prominent, widely separated, lightly notched and (for
the genus) decidedly small. Antennae short, eleventh joint
wider than tenth and about as long as ninth and tenth com-
bined. Prothorax strongly transverse, sides gently rounded
and, at widest, fully the width of head across eyes, with a
shallow oblique impression on each side of middle of base,
and a still more feeble and smaller one on each side ; punctures
dense and partially concealed. Hlytra not much wider than
prothorax, sides feebly rounded, base without distinct
impressions; with dense and sharply-defined, but rather
small punctures about base, becoming much. smaller pos-
_teriorly. Zegs rather long and thin; hind tibiae dilated to
and notched at tip. Length, 2 mm.
Hab.—South Australia (Blackburn’ S collection). Type
ae ary.
A very dingy species with (for the genus) unusually
small ‘and distant eyes. The medio-basal depressions of the
208
pronotum are shallow but very distinct from some directions,
but the others are invisible from most. There is a short
shining process protruding from the abdomen, but as it has
two hair-like apical appendages I presume the type is a female.
XYLOPHILUS ACACIAE, Nn. sp.
Piceous-brown; head and abdomen sometimes blackish,
basal joints of antennae, palpi, and legs rather obscurely
flavous. Closely covered with extremely short, ashen pubes-
cence, becoming white on parts of under-surface.
Head transverse; with minute, concealed punctures.
Eyes large, prominent, lightly notched and not very close
together. Antennae moderately long, second joint small and
subglobular, eleventh wider than tenth, and almost as long
as ninth and tenth combined. Prothoraz rather small, very
little wider than long; punctures more or less concealed ; with
three conspicuous impressions: two suboblique ones separated
by a narrow line at base, and a longitudinal one in middle; a
feeble impression on each side of base. Hlytra much wider
than prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex, with a feeble
impression on each side close to a very feeble subscutellar
swelling; punctures fairly distinct on basal half, but feeble
elsewhere. Legs rather long and thin; hind tibiae very little
wider at apex than near same. Length 13-2 mm.
Q. Differs in having smaller and more widely-separated
eyes, shorter antennae, prothorax rather more transverse,
abdomen less convex, and legs shorter.
Hab.—Tasmania: Mole Creek, beaten in numbers from
“‘Blackwood’’ (Acacia melanozylon), Swansea; New. South
Wales: National Park, Wollongong (A. M. Lea); Queens-
land (Blackburn’s collection, from C. French), Mount Tam-
bourine (Lea). Type, I. 6192.
A small dingy species with the pubescence so extremely
fine and close together that the upper-surface appears to have
a kind of ‘‘bloom’’ (present but to a less extent on the under-
surface). In general appearance it is fairly close to zcon-
spicwus, but the punctures are very much smaller, and there
are many other differences. From most directions the parts
adjacent to the three larger prothoracic depressions appear
to form a conspicuous Y. The distance between the eyes of
the male at their closest is about equal to the length of the
two basal joints of antennae. The antennae are occasionally
entirely pale, but usually have the basal joints paler than the
others, the sterna are occasionally as dark as the abdomen,
the hind femora are sometimes lightly infuscated. One
specimen from Mole Creek, three from Wollongong, and the
209 ;
specimen from the Blackburn collection have the prothorax
and elytra testaceous; one female from the National Park has
the shoulders obscurely diluted with red, and the elytral
punctures rather larger than usual; the specimen from Mount
Tambourine is an unusually small male.
PYROCHROIDAE.
Mr. Blair having removed Lemodes from the Pyro-
chroidae to the Anthicidae 14) and stated 5 that Pseudolycus
apicalis, Macl., belongs to the group of Oedemeridae that
includes Techmessa and Pseudananca, the family Pyrochroidae
now contains no described Australian species.
MORDELLIDAE.
Having occasion to describe some insular species of this
family, it appeared desirable to systematically examine all
the specimens in the South Australian Museum, that insti-
tution having numerous unnamed specimens from the Black-
burn collection and other sources, including an abundance
of material from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Several Australian
Museums were communicated with, and specimens were
received for examination from the Queensland, Australian
(including the type of Vordellistena brunneipennis), Macleay
(including the types of seven species), and National Museums ;
some specimens from Mr. H. J. Carter’s and my own col-
lections were also examined.
In working out a family or group of beetles one naturally
desires to make one’s work as complete as possible; but in
this family it is frequently desirable to leave unnamed many
specimens, as the species are so closely allied in structure
that markings must be relied upon to a quite disproportionate
degree in comparison with other families; and the pat-
terns being very variable in extent (due to partial absence
in places and enlargements in others), although not, or to
but a slight extent, in disposition, and liable to considerable
alteration in appearance from a slight amount of abrasion,
it frequently happens that, with long series, connecting forms
quite clearly denote that specimens apparently quite distinct
from others, are but the outside forms of particular species.
Wide golden spots and bands become attenuated and silvery, or
white; sharply-defined markings gradually encroach upon each
other till many of their outlines are blurred, bands and zigzag
markings break up into spots, some markings completely disap-
pear but leave others quite sharply defined ; old specimens are
often considerably altered in appearance by grease, verdigris,
(14) Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb., 1913, p. 207.
(15) [.c., Mirch, 1914, p. 311.
210
and dust; grease frequently causes the entire disappear-
ance of markings that, after treatment with chloroform or
other grease-absorbing liquids, again become quite distinct.
Specimens mounted on cards when wet, or with very watery
gum, frequently also apparently lose their markings; and it
is not always easy to restore them, as the amount of soaking
and brushing necessary tends to abrade the pubescence; a
slight amount of grease or dirt also may obscure the generic
details on the hind legs of Mordellistena (especially of the
dark species). In some specimens also the point of view,
especially in relation to the pronotum, may make consider-
able apparent difference. A change from silvery (or white)
to golden (or stramineous) is of no speeific value, and seldom
even of varietal; moreover, golden markings (with age or
after lengthy immersion in liquids) frequently lose their
gloss, and white markings under similar circumstances fre-
quently become yellowish. On many species parts of the
legs are reddish, but the amount of red is frequently liable
to sexual and even individual variation. The shape of the
pygidium is also liable to sexual ‘alteration, and its apparent
shape by the greater or less extent to which it is clasped by
the abdomen. On most specimens the antennae are difficult
to examine clearly, and even when so seen their apparent
- proportions alter with the point of view. Any worker at
the family, with an abundance of material, is certain to
have many specimens that might be referred to any of several
species, hence it is desirable to leave such specimens unnamed
(or at least queried); this is especially the case with the
allies of promiscua and of baldiensis.
The number of species now known from Australia,
although large, probably represents but a small proportion
of the actual number existing, as many species appear to
occur only on flowers on tops of tall trees (and it is this
fact that makes the collection from Mr. Dodd of special
interest). As yet very few species have been recorded from
the Northern Territory, the interior, or the North-west, and
it is unreasonable to suppose with species occurring in
abundance. elsewhere, that there are not many species also
in those parts. They are attracted by flowers of almost
every kind of plant (even of grasses and of everlastings),
and on many kinds of flowers they frequently swarm in
immense numbers, many species being often mixed together.
The close general resemblance of the species to each other
have probably caused many collectors to refrain from making
special efforts to obtain them, and the lively habits and small
size of many species have also, no doubt, contributed to their
escaping capture by collectors.
211
The wide distribution of most of the species renders it
desirable not to describe as new specimens from widely-
separated localities if it is at all possible to connect them
provisionally with previously-named species, but to put aside
such specimens till the acquisition of more material either
puts their distinctness beyond question, or allows the con-
necting forms to, be noted.
In the male the palpi have the apical joint considerably
larger than in the female, the antennae are usually slightly
stouter, the front tibiae are usually longer, strongly curved
or falcate, the front (and frequently the middle) tarsi more
dilated, and the pygidium slightly more acute; but the
sexual differences appear to be seldom of use to distinguish
closely-allied species.
But three genera have been recorded from Australia, all
of wide distribution ; probably in the hands of a revisionist,
having a world-wide collection available, some of our species
would be referred to other genera, but at present it appears
desirable to refer all the new ones here described to the three
genera in question, which may be thus recognized : —
Pygidium short or moderately short, its tip trun-
cate; scutellum wide, angularly cutting into
Peeeiemay base |... 2.0... «0... |...) Tomoria
Hind tibiae with from two to five oblique ridges... Mordellistena
Pygidium long or moderately long, scutellum not
‘angularly cutting into elytra, hind tibiae
without oblique ridges . Mordella
Subsequent to Masters’ Catalogue Australian species of the
family have been described, or commented upon, as follows :—
Macleay: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1887, pp. 317-320.
Oli: Mem. Aust. Mus., 11., 1889,‘p. 90.
Blackburn: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1891, p. 341;
1892, p. 46; 1893, pp. 136-138.
Champion: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, pp. 266-272 ;
1896, pp. 448, 449.
Lea: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1895, pp. 285-304 ;
Pesos p. 290; ;1904; pp. 95, 96; Trans. Ent.’ Soc.
Pana. 1902; pp. 1-9; Proc. Roy. Soc. Vic., 1907,
pe 268; 1913, p. 224.
With regard to the patterns given on the plates it is
to be noted that these are drawn as if the suture was slightly
curved ; this was in consequence of the desirability of show-
ing the humeral markings more clearly than if drawn directly
from above; the point of view was obliquely from the side,
so that the slight scutellar notch of many species apparently
disappears. The patterns also are drawn as if the markings
were solid and sharply defined; this they usually are, but
212
sometimes the white pubescence .has a straggling appearance
at the edges. The markings also are frequently different
on the different sides of an individual.
The geographical distribution and synonymy are as
follows : —
ee a
a) | | | 48
elute (sl ehsep s
ZF B/S):
8! ys; ae a/<|F| &
SO AZlPlalalelzl|-,
Ge |
Mordella‘adipata; bed (..0.° 22.5.8 eee eed
alphabetica, Lea
auronotata, Dea
australis (Boi.), Lea
- | Lord Howe Isld.
ome * * | * + *
albosignata, Boh. bearer lige 5 2 : |
“f |
* * *
Stradbroke, King,
[and Kangaroo
[ Islands
Stradbroke and
[Rottnest Islds.
albosparsa, Gemm. |
undosa; Machi 0... 02:. oo
baldiensis, Blackb. em Oi Ca,
obliqua, Waterh., n. pr. ...
|
var. alboscutellata, Lea .
var. zgnota, Lea
var. inconspicua, Lea .
var. waterhousei, Cheers
bella, Waterh. rath eer ee
blanda, MEO? si ELE aes Meas ie
breve eaeae ia aFct tees as
calodema, Lea
calopasa, Lea ..
caloptera, Lea Re ene
Gara, PIACR Do. ids. eee |
caroli, Oh are Ae ¥
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
iStradbroke and
| [Kangaroo Islds.
eine and Garden
Ne ee ee eee
Stradbroke Isld.
waterhousei, Lea, | n. pr.
chrysophora, Lea sa
conspecta, Lea
corvina, Lea
cuneata, Lea ...
distincta, Lea ‘
fulvonotata, Champ., n. pr.
dumbrelli, Lea a eae ae
elegans, Wat erk: Stale 7. '-k 3 ae
|.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
var. festiva, Lea ;
elongatula; Wheel Ais. se ak
exilis, Germ.
| |Aru Island
iCentral Australia
var. obscurior, Blackb. ... |
var. rufimanus, Blackb. |
felix, Waterh. ine cooky la ae
fuscipilis, Champ.
graphiptera, Champ.
j H-fasctapi pee es, 8 ae
hamatilig, MaGlis terrax. \daulo rae 5 Ps
King Island
humeralis, Waterh.
iInornata, Leda serch its
inusitata, BlachO. "rh +s." ag
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Islands |
213
Q’land.
N.-W. Austr.
N. Terr.
N.S. Wales.
Vict.
Tas
W. Austr.
S. Austr.
*
Mordella iridea, Lea
lepida, Redt.
leucosticta, Germ. ...
abdominalis, Bless.
limbata, Waterh. ......
var. W-album, ee
mastersi, Lea... .. :
metasternalis, Lea
mixta, Boi.
multiguttata, Waterh.-
nigrans, Macl. Wc gee
norfolcensis, Lea
notabilis, Macl.
notatipennis, Lea ..
9-maculata, Lea
obliquirufa, Lea
obsoleta, Lea ..
18-maculata, Lea ...
8-maculata, Macl. ...
ornata, Waterh.
ovalisticta, Macl. ...
pallida, Lea
parva, Champ.
promiscua, Er.
communis, Waterh.
var. aemula, Lea
var. fugitiva, Lea
var. raymondi, Lea ...
var. simillima, Lea ...
var. trivialis, Waterh.
pulchra, Lea ..
pulverulenta, Macl.
maculatissima, Blackb.
pygidialis, Lea +
pygmaea, Champ. .
uniformis, Lea
4-maculata, Lea...
‘14-maculata, Lea ...
ruficollis, Waterh.
rufipes, Lea
sericans, Lea ...
subvittata, Macl. ...
sydneyana, Blackb.
var. cairnsensis, Lea
tarsalis, Lea
tomentosa, Boi.
tristis, Lea
V-aurea, Lea ...
verticordtaa, Ben "ii)) 0)...
var. niveosuturalis, Lea ...
King Island
|
,
|
|
|
|
|
Norfolk Island
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stradbroke, King,
| | | [Flinders, Kan-
| [garoo, Garden,
| [and Rottnest
| | [Islands
yale |
P 6 | Lord Howe Isld.
Stradbroke Isld.
_
New Holland
— ee
————————— ————
Q’land.
W. Austr.
fe “4a N.-W. Austr.
NN, Terr:
Vict.
Tas
mikes Ate en |
Mordella V-fasciata, Lea Lh oan te
vat. modesta, ea io hi) |
|
Varevpemusta,, Lea iy fea
vitticollis, Lea
wiburdi, ‘Tea
Tomoxia apicata, Lea
aterrima, Macl.
exoleta, Lea ..
flavicans, WwW aterh.
Stradbroke Isld :
{Stradbroke Isld.
*
Lord Howe Isld.
laticeps, Lea
maculicollis, Lea
melanura, Lea
melasoma, Lea
sexlineata, Lea
Mordellistena abaceta, Lea... ... ...; "|. |
aspersa, Chomp lk ee ey | oua
atronitens, Lea
austrina, Champ.
setipes, Lea Pasi
brunneipennis, Macl. ...
castigata, Lea
coelioxys, Lea
concinna, Lea
concolor, Lea... ...
cuspidata, Macl. ...
flavicans, Macl,
fusca, Lea |
fuscula, Lea Ms ii as,
longipes, Lea ae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
* (16)|
*
Magnetic Tslanc
qucunda, Champ., n. pr.
melvillensis, eg ;
multilineata, Lea au
obscuripennis, Macl.
pulcherrima, hea oo
pg bs Oe Fs Seer ame ae be |
Bs | Ox | rN
read
Melville Islan d
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
iar
:
‘ote Howe Isl (
|
.
trichura, Lea :
|
I am unacquainted with the following species: —
1. Mordella lepida, Redt. A minute species from New
South Wales. Black, the derm with flavous markings in-
cluding two spots on each elytron, the hind tibiae and tarsi
black, but the rest of the legs flavous. |
2. Mordella mixta, Fabr.: Syst. El., ii., p. 122; Boi.:
Voy. “Ast.,” p. 290. I have not seen the original description
(16) Adelaide River is in the Northern Territory.
215
of this species; but in Boisduval’s the species is recorded
from Nouvelle-Galles (in Gemminger and Harold it is recorded
from Nova Cambria), no doubt New South Wales being
meant, but New South Wales then (1835) included both
Victoria and Queensland. His description is: “Major,
cinerea, thorace pubescente, linea dorsali lata maculaque
_ utringue atris; coleopteris bast cinereis, maculis qunqgue
atris, fascia rufa.” Presuming the dorsal line to be a longi-
tudinal one, the only known large Australian species with
such a line are elongatula and conspecta; in the former the
median fascia of the elytra is sometimes conspicuously golden,
but it is certainly not reddish; and in the latter it is seldom
even golden. It would, however, be inadvisable to identify
any species as mixta without additional particulars. It was
omitted from Masters’ Catalogue.
3. Mordella ornata, Waterh. A small species from
North-western Australia, the two typical specimens not in
close agreement and a third doubtfully associated with them.
It appears to approach some forms of bella or of lambata.
4. Mordella parva, Champ. A minute species from Tas-
mania. Described from a single specimen ‘‘extremely like”’
pygmaea, but distinct mainly by the fourth joint of antennae
being equal to the third, instead of twice as long.
5. Mordella tomentosa, Boi. To associate this name with
any insect from the original description, ‘‘d/znor olivacea,
holosericea, elytris ayice nigris, subtus nigra,’ could be hardly
more than a guess, and until the type can be examined and
properly described I think the name should be regarded as
one impossible of recognition. In Blackburn’s collection two
specimens of bella were identified as tomentosa, and the
description agrees with several specimens of bella before me,
although not of the typical form; also with many specimens
of lambata, specimens of Tomoxia apicata, of T. melanura,
and forms of other species. Its locality was given as New
Holland.
6. Tomoxia flavicans, Waterh. Apparently close to
apicata, but with a median as well as an apical portion of the
elytra devoid of pale pubescence. Described as from the
Clarence River.
7. Mordellistena aspersa, Champ. A single specimen
described as from the Adelaide River (Northern Territory).
Apparently very close to austrina, and with the same numbers
of oblique ridges on the hind tibiae and two basal joints of
tarsi; but the ridges of different lengths, the third joint
apparently without any, and the colour and clothing some-
what different.
216
MORDELLA.
It does not appear to be possible, so far as the main
genus is concerned, to prepare’a table that could be implicitly
relied upon, or that would be of even reasonable assistance
towards the identification of our species; but I have appor-
tioned the species into various divisions and groups, and the
patterns given should be of some assistance. The divisions,
etc., are as follows: —
Div. 1. Derm of prothorax and elytra not both entirely
black. 7)
blanda, calodema, caloptera, caroli, distencta,
humeralis, obliquirufa, pallida, 4-maculata,
ruficollis, subvittata, V-fasciata, wiburdr.
Div. 2. Derm of prothorax and elytra entirely black.
Group 1. Elytra with conspicuous pale clothing con-
densed into spots or fasciae.
Subg. 1. Species of large size. (18)
chrysophora, conspecta, dumbrellr,@) elonga-
tula, leucosticta, multiguttata, notabilis,
8-maculata, ovalisticta, 14-maculata, vitti-
collas.
Subg. 2. Abdomen red.
pulchra.
Subg. 3. Of medium or small size and derm of
abdomen black. |
adipata, alphabetica, auronotata, australis,
bella, brevis, calopasa,®) cara, elegans, felix,
graphiptera, hamatilis, wridea, metasternalis,
norfolcensis,(21) notatipennis 9-maculata, 22
obsoleta, 18-maculata,'2) promiscua, pulver-
ulenta, sydneyana, V-aurea.
(17) On many of the black species with white markings on the
elytra the shoulders are often diluted with red below the clothing,
but in such cases the red is inconspicuous—for instance, nothing
like as distinct as on humeralis—consequently these have not been
regarded as belonging to Div. 1. |
(18) In this group the prothoracic markings are usually also
on a different plan to those of the smaller species.
(19)Some specimens of this species are no larger than the
average size of 9-maculata, but the prothoracic markings are those
of the larger species.
(20) Some specimens of this species might be regarded as
belonging to Div. 1.
(21) A variety of this species appears at first glance to belong
to Group 3.
(22) Of rather large size for this subgroup, but much below the
average size of those of Subg. 1.
(23) Although of small size the prothoracic markings of this
species are more like those of Subg. 1.
217
Group 2. Elytra with two isolated black spots of
clothing.
mnusitata.
Group 3. Elytra with uniform pubescence, or if not
uniform markings entirely lateral or sutural, never
as pale spots or transverse fasciae.
baldiensis, corvina, cuneata, exilis, fuscrpilis,
inornata, masterst, pygmaea, rufipes, sericans,
tarsalis, trostis, verticordiae.
But the following species have forms belonging to more
than one division or group: —
limbata. Div. 2, Group 1 (Subgroup 3) and Group 3.
mgrans. Div. 1 and Div. 2, Group 1 (Subgroup 3) and
Group 3.
pygidialts. Div. 2, Group 1, Subgroups 1 and 3.
The species not known to me appear to belong to the
following divisions, etc. : —
lemda. Div. 1.
mixta. Probably Div. 2, Group 1, Subgroup 1, but
possibly Div. 1.
ornata. Div. 2, Group 1.
parva. Div. 2, Group 3.
tomentosa. If not a Tomoxia would appear to belong
to Div. 2, Group 3.
MoRDELLA AUSTRALIS (Boi.), Lea.
M. albosparsa, Gemm. (M. albosignata, Boh., n. pr.).
M. undosa, Macl.
Pl. xiv., figs. 55-59.
I have previously (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1895,
p- 288) described as australis, Boi., a species whose typical
specimens may be readily identified by an oblique vitta from
the vicinity of the scutellum, and the pattern given (in
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, pl. i., fig 12) should prevent
typical specimens from being confused with any other species ;
but specimens with this vitta wanting or ill-defined and the
other markings broken up are not readily distinguished from
small non-fasciate specimens of promiscua. ‘This species was
so identified in the Macleay Museum (although the species
identified by Macleay from Gayndah was a form of elegans);
the species identified as australis by Olliff from Lord Howe
so identified in the Macleay Museum (although the species
identified as australis; the original description, “Minor, nigra,
thorace postica linea alba; elytris fascits tribus interruptis,
tenwussimis, albidis,” in fact, would apply to a great many
species of the genus. The description of albosignata, Boh.,
218
reads very well as if founded upon this species, and two
specimens of it were identified by Mr. Champion as albosparsa,
Gemm. (a substitute name for albosignata, Boh.). The type
of undosa (fig. 55) also belongs to this species. The species
was also doubtfully identified in Blackburn’s collection as
australis, and without a mark of doubt as albosparsa, but
some specimens were also standing in that collection as bella,
which most certainly they are not (although with extended
and obscured markings it is not always easy to distinguish
the two forms); it is, however, probable that the specimen,
commented upon by Waterhouse, on whose elytra “the spot
below the scutellum divides posteriorly,’’ belongs to australis.
Unfortunately the species is a variable one; on many
specimens the markings are silvery-white, fairly large, and
exactly as in the quoted pattern; but on other specimens,
although the markings are as figured, the pubescence of which
they are composed differs so little in colour from that of the
adjacent parts that it is difficult to make them out. Thus a
specimen in the Macleay Museum has the pubescence of the
upper-surface apparently entirely dark, but on moving it
about in certain lights the typical markings of the species
may be traced. Not infrequently the apical mark on each
elytron is broken up into two, and it usually has a ragged
look.
Two specimens (from Healesville, in the National Museum)
apparently taken at the same time (they are mounted on one
card) agree so perfectly in general details that it would be
absurd to separate them, yet one (fig. 56) has the oblique
vitta much longer than usual, whilst from the other (fig. 57)
it is absent, but the humeral vitta is considerably prolonged.
Another specimen (fig. 58) (from Fern Tree Gully, in the
same Museum) has the subscutellar vitta and the apical spot
on each elytron both absent. Some specimens exhibit a
tendency to vary in the direction of sydneyana,; this is
well exemplified by a specimen from Cairns (fig. 59).
MorDELLA BALDIENSIS, Blackb.
Var. waterhouser, Champ. (obliqua, Waterh., n. pr.).
. Var. alboscutellata, Lea.
Var. ignota, Lea.
: Var. enconsmcua, Lea.
The specimens I have previously identified as baldiensis
belonged to the form recorded by Blackburn (ante, 1893, |
p. 138) as from New South Wales, and which he suspected
might belong to a different species. I have now seen a co-
type and another authenticated specimen, and having about
150 specimens to judge from, am now convinced that tiey
219
belong to a rare variety of a common and very variable species,
several varieties of which have been named; but as baldiensis
was the first named the others must rank as its varieties.
WatTERHOUSEI. On this form the elytral clothing is dark
outwardiy from an oblique line extending from each shoulder
to the suture near the apex, but the positions of the oblique
lines vary with the point of view, the clothing inwards of it
is more or less greyish (on some specimens golden-grey or
golden-brown), but from certain lights also appears black.
Baupiensis. The suture and an oblique line from each
shoulder towards the suture are clothed with paler (usually
somewhat golden) pubescence than on the rest of the elytra
(but from some directions these markings are not visible).
ALBOSCUTELLATA. Pale clothing of elytra confined to the
shoulders.
Ienota. Pale clothing of the elytra consists of scattered
whitish hairs, absent from an oblique line from each shoulder
to the suture near the ere (but the oblique lines not sharply
defined).
The above four forms are moderately large (4-54 mm. to
tips of opt but they are exactly paralleled by smaller
specimens (24-4 mm.) that occur in much greater abundance.
They all have the four basal joints of the front tarsi of the
males about the width of the tip of the tibiae; in the female
they are distinctly narrower.
Inconspicua. Much like alboscutellata on a small scale.
_A specimen (from Launching Place, in the National
Museum) has two oblique vittae from each shoulder, the
inner one less conspicuous than the outer. Several specimens
(from Stradbroke Island and Brisbane, in the Queensland
Museum) have the pale pubescence on the elytra triangularly
diminishing to near the suture about the middle, and then
continued along the suture for a short distance; but each
elytron has a distinct black spot near the base. On many
specimens the only pale clothing on the elytra is an obscure
patch on each shoulder, and even that occasionally vanishes.
Numerous other slight varietal forms might be described.
MorRDELLA BELLA, Waterh.
The form of this species with the basal half of the elytra
clothed with pale pubescence and abruptly limited behind
by a zigzag fascia is quite certainly distinct from promiscua,
but the clothing varies till the only pale portions left are
marrowly-margining parts at the base and the median zigzag
_ fascia; specimens on which even these are broken up are
difficult. to distinguish from spotted ones of promiscua; and
specimens on which the golden pubescence is considerably
220
extended are often strikingly close in general appearance to
limbata.
MoRDELLA BREVIS, Lea.
The remarkable shape of the median fascia of this species
renders typical specimens unmistakably distinct from all
others of the genus, but several specimens before me (except
in their much smaller size) indicate an approach to some forms
of promiscua.
MorDELLA CARA, Blackb.
Specimens with the typical markings of this species well
defined are easily distinguished from promiscua, but with the
markings more or less obliterated it is not always easy to
distinguish them from that species.
MorDELLA DUMBRELLI, Lea.
On some specimens of this species the posthumeral spot
on each elytron is occasionally split up into two, and on such
specimens the sizes of the other spots are generally much
reduced, and occasionally the medio-apical vitta of the pro-
notum is absent. The species occurs in Victoria and Queens-
land (to as far north as Cairns) as well as in New South
Wales, and the specimens from the northern parts are gener-
ally smaller (down to 6 mm. to the tips of the elytra) than
those from the southern parts. A specimen (from Ebor, New
South Wales, in the Queensland Museum) has the post-
humeral spot on each elytron divided and all the pronotal
markings narrowly connected together; a specimen sent with
it: has similar elytral markings, but most of the pronotal spots
disconnected.
MoRDELLA ELEGANS, Waterh.
Var. festiva, Lea.
Pl. xiv., figs. 60-65.
A common and variable species that extends from South
Australia to Northern Queensland appears to be elegans. The
median markings of the elytra are usually in the form of a
zigzag fascia (usually rather loosely compacted), and are some-
times connected with the basal markings, but they are occa-
sionally split up into spots; the subapical spot on each elytron
varies considerably in size and shape, and is sometimes want-
ing; the basal markings also vary. The form named festiva
appears to be a variety. Waterhouse said that elegans was
relatively shorter and more robust than commums (pro-
miscua), and that the spots on the elytra were much larger ;
this is the case with many specimens of the species, but there
are many specimens before me that might belong either to
the present species or to promiscua; some specimens also vary
221
in the direction of sydneyana, and others in the direction of
limhata. It was a form of elegans that Macleay identified
as australis from Gayndah; but it differs from the species he
had in his own collection as australis (the species I described
as such) by the elytra having a basal mark running parallel
with the suture, instead of diverging from it.
MorRDELLA ELONGATULA, Macl.
On the pronotum of this species there is usually a
round black spot towards each side as well as the median
vitta, and the latter is sometimes not at all interrupted at
its middle.
A specimen from Aru (H. Elgner) probably belongs to
this species; it has a wide median vitta and two large spots
on the pronotum; on the elytra the golden pubescence about
the base appears as rather fine lines enclosing five black spots,
the postmedian fascia is almost as distinct as on the typical
form, but the subapical one is reduced in size and composed
of silvery pubescence.
MorpeELia FELIX, Waterh.
Pl. xiv., figs. 66-70; pl. xv., figs. 119-121.
The very different shape of the median fascia of this
species is sufficiently distinctive from promiscua, but all the
elytral markings tend to obliteration ; on the other hand, the
median fascia and basal markings are frequently connected,
so that it is not always easy to distinguish such specimens
from liambata. On many specimens there are two oblique
vittae from the base of each elytron, an obscurely-defined
humeral one, and a narrower, more sharply-defined one half-
way between the shoulder and the suture; the average size
is below the average of promiscua.
Mr. Dodd sent numerous specimens from Kuranda that
belong to the species, but their average size is distinctly less
than that of specimens from New South Wales; the pro-
thorax frequently has an iridescent gloss, and its paler
clothing (more or less golden) usually consists of a
narrow edging (fig. 119), frequently with, but often without,
two small discal spots, or the latter may be extended to join
in with a dilated apical border, and so to mark off the posi-
tions of three dark discal spots (fig. 120), although these are
never completely isolated, as they frequently are on specimens
(fig. 121) from New South Wales. The liability of the pro-
thoracic markings to vary in extent, however, is so great
in the family that reliance can seldom be placed upon them.
On most of the Kuranda specimens the elytra between the
base and the median fascia are more or less obscurely diluted
222
with red, and the dilution occasionally extends beyond the
fascia ; on some specimens there appears even to be an oblique
vitta from each shoulder, and on looking at the \specimens.
from behind these reddish parts appear quite conspicuous.
The pubescent markings of the elytra vary considerably in
extent, and from silvery to golden; on large specimens (fig.
66) close to the typical form there are usually two vittae
projecting backwards from the base, but these may be con-
nected together so as to enclose a dark spot; usually the
inner one is more sharply defined than the other, and occa-
sionally it is isolated; the basal markings on. this form are
usually connected with the median fascia, and the latter is.
more or less abruptly deflected to touch each side. On many
small specimens (fig. 67) the basal markings are widely ex-
tended and obliquely connected with the median fascia, the
latter being conspicuously less angular (its outlines are
usually distinctly curved), and not connected with the margins
(some specimens of this form approach bella). On many
small specimens (fig. 68) the two basal vittae on each elytron
are distinct, but the median fascia is very feeble. The sub-
apical spot or fascia on each elytron also varies considerably
in size. The patterns so gradually change (Mr. Dodd sent
54 specimens) that 1t does not appear desirable to pick out
and number certain forms; but five patterns of the elytral
markings are given, and many more could have been added.
MOoORDELLA GRAPHIPTERA, Champ.
Typical specimens of-'this species have very little in
common with hamatiis, but I have seen several specimens
that apparently on good grounds might be referred to either ;
and both are very variable in the markings of the prothorax
and elytra. |
MorDELLA HAMATILIS, Mazel.
Pl. xiv., figs. 71-77.
Of the two specimens standing above this name in the
Macleay Museum but one (fig. 71) agrees perfectly with the
description. The other (fig. 72) has the hook-shaped mark
on each elytron broken up into two spots of unequal size,
and the four postmedian spots semicircularly instead of
transversely arranged, the two subapical spots are also much
smaller than on the type; on the latter the black pubescence
has a purplish gloss, on the co-type it has a greenish gloss.
A specimen from Northern Queensland (fig. 73) differs
from the type in having the hook-shaped mark on each
shoulder solid-white, the spots immediately behind the
scutellum conjoined to form but one, the four postmedian
spots conjoined to form but two, and the two subapical spots
pe
_ 223
considerably enlarged. Another specimen (fig. 74) has the
hook-shaped spot on each shoulder somewhat pear-shaped but
enclosing a small dark spot, and the outer ones of the post-
median spots considerably reduced in size. Both these have
the black pubescence with a purplish.gloss, and the pygidium
less acute than on the type (this is probably a sexual differ-
ence). A smaller (23 mm., including the pygidium) specimen
(fig. 75) has the hook-shaped mark on the shoulder more
solid than on the type, but still a hook, the postscutellar
spots combined to form a rather small subquadrate one, the
postmedian spots combined to form an interrupted fascia, and
the subapical spots very considerably reduced in size. A speci-
men (fig.:'76) from Wide Bay, in the Macleay Museum, has the
hook-shaped mark on the shoulder even better defined than
on the type, the postmedian spots combined to form an
irregular interrupted fascia, and the subapical spots as an
interrupted bisinuate fascia. A specimen (from Tamworth)
has all the markings considerably reduced in size, and the
hook-shaped mark on the shoulder small and very obscure ;
on the pattern (fig. 77) given it appears as a very conspicuous
mark, but its outlines, in fact, are traceable with difficulty.
This.specimen has a distinct trend to some forms of graphip-
tera, and two specimens (from Jenolan) denote a still closer
approach to that species. On the other hand, a specimen of
graphiptera has vaguely-defined golden markings approaching
the pattern of the type of hamatilis. A specimen (from
Oodnadatta) in appearance is very close to fig. 75, except
that the postscutellar spot is much narrower, and that the
postmedian spot is more nearly broken up into two.
The prothoracic markings, as with most of the variable
species, are also subject to considerable variation. Macleay
thought the species was possibly a Tomoaa, but the
scutellum dose not very abruptly cut into the elytra, and
the pygidium is somewhat acutely pointed in one sex, although
blunt in the other. :
i MoRDELLA, sp.
| Pisin. ce. (8:
A small (3 mm.) specimen from Cairns (EH. Allen) 1s
structurally so close to hamatilis that it is inadvisable to name
it without seeing more specimens. The black pubescence in
certain lights has a purplish gloss; on the pronotum the base
and apex are narrowly margined with white pubescence, and
there are two narrow and almost complete longitudinal vittae
(as on several specimens of hamatilis); on each elytron (fig.
78) the white spots are: a transverse semidouble posthumeral
one, and a transverse postmedian one almost conjoined with
its fellow on the other elytron.
224
MoRDELLA LEUCOSTICTA, Germ.
PLOSy eee
A specimen (from Sydney, in the Macleay Museum)
appears (to the naked eye) to have all the elytral markings
connected; on each elytron the curved basal spot has a
narrow line connecting it with the posthumeral spot, and the
latter is very close to it but does not quite touch the median
spot; the median spot is irregularly continued to join in
with the subapical fascia; the suture narrowly dividing these
markings.
MorRDELLA LIMBATA, Waterh.
I have seen several specimens that might have been
referred to this species, to bella, or to promiscua, but the
typical form of the species is quite distinct from either of
the latter. Two specimens (from King George Sound, in the
Macleay Museum) have the elytra, except about the tips and
the sides near the tips, at first glance apparently uniformly
clothed with golden-brown pubescence; but on examining
them closely a paler median zigzaz fascia becomes visible,
and there is also a wide pale subapical spot; examining the
elytra from behind the whole pubescence appears blackish.
MorDELLA MULTIGUTTATA, Waterh.
Pl. xiv., fig. 80.
A specimen (from Wide Bay, in the Australian Museum)
has the second and third elytral spots (counting from the
base) of ordinary specimens conjoined to form an oblique
vitta ; on the two elytra the markings form an irregular V,
but are lightly separated by the suture.
MORDELLA NIGRANS, Macl.
P]. xivé, fies.- Sl, ‘82.
Two specimens on a card were standing above this name
with a type label in the Macleay Museum, but they belong
to two distinct species. They were both gummy, so that the
pubescence was partially obscured. Macleay described the
elytra as “without distinct mark, but showing in some lights
a very faint oblique longitudinal vitta’’; the only specimen
so marked on being soaked for some time in water and cleaned
with chloroform is seen to have a rather short white oblique
spot in the middle of each elytron (it completely disappears,
however, when the elytra are viewed from behind); the
suture also and the base of the pronotum are narrowly marked
with whitish pubescence, and there are white spots at the
sides of the abdomen; the spurs of the hind tibiae are reddish
and unequal, the longer one being twice the length of the
225
shorter and more than half the length of the basal joint of
the tarsus. The apex of the abdomen is crushed inwards, but
the pygidium has a fairly acute tip. —
The type (fig. 81) represents a rare variety (I have only
seen a second specimen of it) of a species sent in abundance
by Mr. F. P. Dodd from the Cairns district (and also taken
there by Mr. E. Allen and myself)...
Var. 1. The most abundant form (but which must be
treated as a variety owing to rules of precedence) in a bright
light glows with the most brilliantly-metallic rainbow
tints, (24) transversely placed but altering with every point of
view; in a more subdued light it still has a conspicuous
greenish or bluish gloss, but some specimens, even in a poor
light, are brilliantly metallic. The suture and shoulders are
usually lightly clothed with somewhat golden pubescence.
Var. 2. Like Var. 1, but without metallic gloss.
Var. 3. With the brilliant rainbow tints of Var. 1, but
prothorax with a thin line of white pubescence from base
to apex on each side of middle; suture and a short oblique
stripe on each shoulder with pale pubescence. Many speci-
mens of this variety have the white lines on the pronotum
sharply defined, but on others they are scarcely traceable.
Var. 4. Pubescence mostly with a purplish or bluish
gloss, but each elytron (fig. 82) with four oblique feebly-
defined vittae of whitish pubescence, and some _ white
pubescence on the shoulder. A single specimen.
Var. 5. Like Var. 1, but with an oblique reddish vitta
on each shoulder. The vittae on one specimen are rather
faint, but on two others well defined and traceable (from
certain directions) to beyond the middle.
MorRDELLA ORSOLETA, Lea.
The complete or almost complete absence of basa] mark-
ings from the elytra of this species, and. the conspicuous
zigzag fascia are sufficiently distinctive of typical specimens:
but it is difficult to decide of some specimens as to whether
they belong to it, to bella, or to promiscua:
MorpbeEtia 18-macuuata, Lea.
Pl. xiv.4,/ fie... 83.
A specimen from Cunnamulla (Queensland) is larger
(7 mm.) than usual, and with the basal spots on each elytron
combined to form but one (of semicircular’ shape and almost
conjoined with a sub-basal one). A specimen from Lucindale
(24) The type is also brilliantly metallic, but less so than the
specimens taken by Mr. Dodd (it.was, however, taken nearly forty
years before them). REIRSON MeV i:
I
226
(South Australia) is slightly smaller than the types, and has
the elytral markings as on the Cunnamulla specimen, except
that they are on a reduced scale and less sharply defined.
Morpe.LiA 9-MACULATA, Lea.
Some specimens from the Dividing Range (Victoria) have
the markings of the upper-surface golden, and with two small
distinct spots in the middle of the pronotum. A specimen in
the National Museum is labelled (probably in error) as from
the Endeavour River.
MorDELLA OVALISTICTA, Macl.
Pl. xiy., fig. 84; pl. xv. fie ee
The type and only specimen I have seen of this species
in general appearance is very close to several others (14-
maculata, 8-maculata, and notabilis), but is distinguished
from them by the narrow subapical fascia of the pronotum
extending, without interruption in the middle, almost from
side to side, the two narrow vittae behind it are not quite
parallel to each other, and if extended would meet slightly
beyond the scutellum. Macleay described each elytron as
trimaculate, but he overlooked a small spot to the side of
and mid-way between the first and second.
MorRDELLA PROMISCUA, Er.
M. communis, Waterh.
Var. trivialis, Waterh.
Var. aemula, Lea.
Var. fugitiva, Lea.
Var. raymondi, Lea.
Var. semilluma, Lea.
Pl. xiv., figs. 85-90.
So many species vary in the direction of promiscua and
its varieties that, from examination of the upper-surface only
of many of their specimens, I believe it to be impossible to
state with certainty as to which of several species they helong
to. The variety trivialis is the most distinct of the species,
and one need seldom be in doubt about typical specimens of
that variety, but the other varieties and some species (aus-
tralis, bella, brevis, cara, elegans, felix, limbata, obsoleta,
and sydneyana) so frequently have the spots or fasciae broken
up, that apparently connecting forms may be traced amongst
many species, that yet, by their typical forms, are seen to
be abundantly distinct, and which should not be regarded as
varieties of the species. I have previously given some patterns
of the species and its varieties (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., .
227
1902, pls. i. and ii.; communis, figs. 1 and 2; wemula,
fig. 10; fugztiva, fig. 16; raymondi, fig. 21; trivialis, fig. 22 ;
and simillima, fig. 32); but the markings on each elytron may
be considered as: A. A narrow sutural portion from near the
base continued round the base to the shoulder, and frequently
with an oblique extension from the shoulder. B. An oblique
subhumeral spot. C. A median zigzag fascia. D. A subapical
spot. But of these markings A may be connected with B, or
may be represented by a few disconnected spots; B may be
enlarged in size or disappear; C is frequently broken up into
disconnected spots, or all parts except a reversed V may
disappear, and its outlines are frequently blurred, occasionally
it is connected with A, it is seldom quite absent; D is of
variable size and shape, or may be wanting. Moreover,
many of the markings tend to disappear from certain points
of view, and they are always obscured or apparently wanting
on greasy specimens; a slight amount of abrasion also very
considerably alters the appearance of many specimens. The
markings on the pronotum are quite unreliable. On many
specimens from South Australia and New South Wales some
of the markings on the basal half of the elytra are conjoined
to form an ornamental T (fig. 85; the pattern, of course, shows
only the right half of the T). Some specimens of this form
decidedly approach some forms of lambata. A specimen (from
King George Sound, in the Macleay Museum) perhaps repre-
sents an extreme variety of the species; it is the size of
trivialis, but with the elytral markings reduced to an obscure
subapical transverse spot, and a still more obscure (invisible
from most directions) and very small medio-sutural spot;
its general pubescence is of a dark rusty-brown.
Simillima is now first noted as a variety of the species ;
there are numerous specimens in the Museum from Kangaroo
Island that quite easily connect it with promiscua, although
at the time it was described such specimens were not avail-
able, and the types appeared so distinct from communis
(promiscua) as to not even need comparison with that species.
I am quite satisfied that there are specimens of several
undescribed species before me that are allied to promiscua,
but they have been passed over as they were not represented
by sufficiently long series to render their typical forms clearly
definable. |
MORDELLA PULCHRA, Lea.
Two specimens from Brisbane (sent with two normal ones)
differ from the type in being smaller and with the basal half
of the derm of the elytra of a rusty-brown, but with a
somewhat golden appearance due to the pubescence; the derm
ha the median and subapical fasciae, and the apical
I
| 228
part, is of a darker brown than the base; the under-parts
areas on the hee | 7)
-“Morpeiia SUBVITTATA, Macl.
In general appearance the type (and only specimen I
have seen) of this species is much like wiburdi on an enlarged
scale; but besides size, it differs from that species in being
narrower, with the pygidium more gradually tapering
to its tip. :
‘MORDELLA SYDNEYANA, Blackb.
Typical specimens of this species are readily distinguished
from typical ones of cara by the shape of the subapical spot
on each elytron; but specimens whose markings tend to
obliteration are not always easily distinguished from that
species, or from spotted specimens of promiscua; whilst some
are scarcely distinguishable from specimens of australis whose
oblique subscutellar vitta is vaguely defined.
Var. CAIRNSENSIS, n. var.
Numerous specimens from Cairns (F. P. Dodd) differ
from the typical form in being smaller (3} mm.), and with
the pale clothing of the metasternum confined to the sides
and intercoxal portion.
MorDELLA TRISTIS, Lea.
On the male of this species the front tarsi are conspicu-.
ously dilated, being wider than the tibiae, the two basal
joints are distinctly longer than wide, the third is slightly
longer than wide, and the fourth is as long as wide (on some
specimens it appears to be feebly transverse) ; the only species
with larger tarsi that I have critically examined is tarsalis.
The head (especially in the male) is of a more or less brilliant
bluish-green, altering with every point of view. The species
is common in Tasmania, and occurs at Jenolan, as well as
on Mount Kosciusko, in New South Wales.
MOoRDELLA V-AUREA, Lea.
A specimen from the Capel River (Western Australia)
agrees perfectly with the type, except that the subapical
markings of the siytre are si Bi a to form a bisinuate
fascia.
MorDELLA VERTICORDAE, Lea.
On typical specimens of this species the elytral pubes-
cence, although paler on the suture than on the sides, is not
sharply defined there, the colour gradually changing ; on
the abdominal segments also there are no conspicuous dark
229
spots at the sides, although in some lights the tips of the
segments appear to be darker than the other parts. ph \xv.. hie. 126.
Black ; front legs and base of antennae obscurely reddish.
With white pubescence fairly dense on head and forming
numerous conspicuous spots on upper- and under-surfaces.
Not very robust. Scutellum with sides oblique and tip
truncated. Pygidium long and acute. Antennae with fifth
232
to tenth joints strongly serrated. Spurs to hind tibiae
subequal. Length, 6-84 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Rockhampton; New South Wales:
Illawarra, Sydney (Macleay Museum), Dorrigo (H. J. Carter).
Type, I. 6003.
At first glance apparently close to 9-maculata, but with
a conspicuous spot on each side of scutellum, and the pro-
thoracic markings very different; the latter are the same in
number and disposition to those of multiguttata, but the
elytral ones are very different to those of that species. Of
this species all the specimens (except to a certain extent in
size) agree in the prothoracic markings, but I have regarded —
as the typical form that one of which there are five specimens
from four localities before me; on this form on the pronotum
there are five sublongitudinal spots in front, either free or
connected with the apex, and varying somewhat according
to the individual, there are four spots at the base and two
submedian ones; on each elytron (excluding a narrow and
feeble latero-basal spot, quite concealed from above) there
are five spots, of which four are not quite in a straight line,
one is basal, one half-way between it and a submedian spot,
and one at the apical fourth, the fifth spot is near the side
in a transverse line with the second spot, and not posterior to
the hind end of that spot.
Var. 1. On a specimen (fig. 96) from Illawarra (in the
Macleay Museum) the hind end of the posthumeral spot is
distinctly posterior to the second spot, and the spot on each
side of the scutellum is broken up into two small ones. It
is also of rather small size.
Var. 2. On two specimens from Lord Howe Island (6 (in
the Australian and Macleay Museums) the posthumeral spot is
almost entirely posterior to the second spot; the pygidium also,
although long and thin, is truncated at its tip, instead ‘of
running out to an acute point.
MOoRDELLA AURONOTATA, 0. SP.
Pl. xv., figs. 97, 127-131.
Black; palpi, parts of front legs, and base of antennae
obscurely reddish. With golden pubescence on head, and
forming numerous conspicuous spots elsewhere.
Rather compact. Scutellum transverse, sides oblique,
apex widely truncated. Pygidium elongate but, with the tip
(26) When on the island recently I saw a fairly large spotted
specimen on maize flowers that probably belonged to this variety,
but it escaped capture.
233
truncated. Antennae with fifth-tenth joints moderately wide
but not transverse. Spurs to hind Eheae of uneven lengths.
Length, 4-64 mm.
- Hab.—Queensiand: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 5893.
A beautifully-marked species, in some respects approach-
ing Jomoma, and sent in abundance by Mr. Dodd. On some
specimens the head is conspicuously iridescent, and the
iridescence extends to the pronotum, although less noticeable
there; on some specimens also the under-parts have a bluish
iridescence. On the pronotum there are usually (fig. 127) six
spots forming an irregular transverse series, but some of
these are occasionally (fig. 128) conjoined with the golden
front margin, on each side of the base there is a large semi-
circular spot; on the elytra there is a spot common to both
immediately behind the scutellum, and on each three large
round equidistant ones; there is also a small latero-basal spot,
but it is quite concealed from above; the mesosternum is
clothed with golden pubescence almost throughout, but the
largest isolated spot on each side of the under-surface is one
(fig. 130) common to the metasternum and abdomen.
Var. 1. On seven specimens from Cairns (F. P. Dodd),
two from Mackay (R. E. Turner), one from Byron Bay (H. J.
Carter), and one from Lord Howe Island (in the Australian
Museum), the markings are more or less silvery, and on the
head the pubescence is greyish; on the pronotum the basal
markings are reduced in size, the apex and sides near apex
have rather straggling, whitish pubescence, and the spots
forming the transverse series are reduced in number to four
(fig, 129) or two; on the elytra there is no latero-basal spot,
and on the under-surface there (fig. 131) is an uninterrupted
line of pubescence from the front of the mesosternum to the
back of the metasternum, on the latter appearing semicircular.
The specimen in the Australian Museum from Lord
Howe Island belonging to this variety was labelled by Olliff
as M. australis, Boisd., but it can scarcely be that species,
whose elytral markings were described as ‘“‘fascus tribus
mterruptis, tenuissimis, allidis’’; the spots on the elytra are
quite distinctly rounded spots and not interrupted fasciae;
quite certainly it is not even close to the species I have pre-
viously described as australis, and which (as it has also been
recognized by Macleay and Blackburn as such, and is a very
distinct species with distinctive markings) I think should be
regarded as that species until proved to the contrary. I also
took a specimen on the island with the markings disposed as
on the variety, but golden instead of silvery.
234
MorDELLA IRIDEA, nN. sp.
Pl. xv., figs. 98, 182.
Black; base of antennae and spurs of hind tibiae very
obscurely diluted with red. White pubescence margining base
of pronotum, on scutellum, forming three distinct spots on
each elytron, and spots on under-surface.
Rather compact. Scutellum small, sides strongly rounded.
Pygidium elongate, its tip truncated. Antennae with fifth-
tenth joints rather wide and strongly serrated. Spurs to hind
tibiae of considerably different lengths. Length, 3-5 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
T. 6002.
In genera] appearance close to the variety of the pre-
ceding species, but the scutellum of different shape, without
a spot on the elytra immediately behind it, and the pubescence
- of the metasternum (fig. 132) different. In some lights the
head and pronotum are brilliantly iridescent, and the elytra
and under parts have a bluish iridescence. The submedian
spot on each elytron is slightly nearer the subapical than the
sub-basal one, between it and the sub-basal one, but slightly
to the side, there are a few silvery hairs, but scarcely condensed
to form a spot, although present on both sides of the three
specimens under examination ; on each side of the metasternum
there is a spot quite disconnected with the white markings
of the mesosternum and abdomen; on the latter there is a
white spot on each side of each segment, but not in the
middle.
MorDELLA METASTERNALIS, Nl. sp.
Pio xy oie, OP,
Black; some specimens with base of antennae very
obscurely diluted with red. Head with silvery-grey or silvery
pubescence continued on to front of pronotum and usually
forming two feeble oblique median spots; distinct silvery
pubescence margining base of pronotum, on scutellum, and
forming spots on elytra and on under-surface.
Compact. Scutellum subtriangular, apex rounded.
Pygidium elongate, the tip rather blunt. Antennae with
fifth to tenth joints moderately wide. Spurs to hind tibiae
slightly unequal. Length, 44-5 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
175898, |
In some respects close to obsoleta, but elytra with the
median fascia on all the (eleven) specimens in the: Museum
broken up into disconnected spots, and the sides of the meta-
sternum without white pubescence. On most’ of them the
head and pronotum are brilliantly iridescent. The two median
235
spots on the pronotum are narrow and distinct on some speci-
mens, but scarcely (if at all) traceable on others; the elytra
are without basal markings, although the white scutellum
gives them a maculate appearance there; the spots across the
middle of each elytron are three in number, and have the
appearance as of parts of a zigzag fascia, there is a large
subapical spot that, with its fellow on the other elytron, gives
the appearance of an interrupted fascia; the flanks of the
mesosternum are clothed with conspicuous whitish pubescence,
and there are distinct spots on the middle and sides of the
abdominal segments.
MORDELLA ALPHABETICA, N. Sp.
Pl, xv., figs. 100-102.
Black; front legs and base of antennae usually obscurely
reddish. With silvery-grey pubescence on head and _ pro-
notum, but on the latter leaving a large median and a smaller
black spot on each side, on elytra, on suture to a fascia at
apical third, and forming markings about shoulders, and on
under-surface, but with transverse dark spots on abdomen.
Short and compact. Scutellum semicircular. Pygidium
short, its tip truncated. Antennae not very conspicuously
serrated, and none of the joints transverse. Spurs to hind
tibiae very unequal, the longer about twice the length of the
shorter. Length, 24-3 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
P580T,
A minute:species. On most of the specimens before me the
narrow sutural marking combines with the fascia to form a
very conspicuous reversed T, the pale pubescence is sometimes
continued along the base to join in with the humeral mark-
ings, the latter sometimes appear as oblique disconnected
(except at base) vittae, and sometimes almost like a hook
(much as on hamatilis), although the other markings are very
different to those of that species; on many specimens,
however, the sutural markings are broken up and discon-
nected with the fascia; the three dark spots on the pronotum
are usually, but not always, conspicuous.
MORDELLA NORFOLCENSIS, n. sp. (or var. of hamatzlis ).
Phy xv ones 1032105.
Black; palpi and parts of antennae and of four front legs
obscurely reddish. With whitish or dingy stramineous
pubescence on head, margining base, apex, and sides of
pronotum, forming obscure spots on under-surface and distinct
but variable markings on elytra. é
236
Very short and compact. Scutellum transverse and
widely rounded. Pygidium moderately long, its tip rather
acute. Antennae rather thin. Spurs to hind tibiae very
unequal, the longer fully twice the length of the shorter.
Length, 33-43 mm.
Hab.—Norfolk Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 5903.
Five specimens were taken from the flowers of an intro-
duced tree. Of these three have the markings sharply defined
but all different: on the type they are darker than on the
others and on each elytron consist of a suboval spot immedi-
ately behind the scutellum, two oblique disconnected vittae
on the shoulder, an irregular postmedian fascia, and a
strongly-curved subapical one; this specimen (fig. 103) in
many respects approaches a specimen (fig. 76) of hamatilis
from Wide Bay, and it is possible that the Norfolk Island
specimens should be regarded as forms of that widely-
distributed and extremely-variable species. On the second
specimen (fig. 104) the humeral markings consist of a fairly
large spot connected with the base, and a conspicuous discon-
nected V, and the postmedian fascia is broken up into four
very unequal spots on each elytron. On the third specimen
(fig. 105) the humeral markings are as on the type, but
the postmedian fascia appears as two widely-separated spots
on each elytron; the subscutellar spots and subapical fascia,
however, are very similar on all three. On the pronotum
the black discal portion is in one piece; but the margining
parts indicate remnants of the three dark spots of so many
species of the genus. The other two specimens at first glance
appear to have the pubescence entirely dark, but on turning
them about in various directions vague (or submerged)
markings become evident, and are seen to consist on each
elytron of a post-scutellar spot, humeral markings, a sub-
apical fascia, and remnants of a postmedian one.
MORDELLA NOTATIPENNIS, DN. Sp.
Pls gt iie "hos,
Black; parts of antennae and of front legs and spurs to
hind tibiae obscurely reddish. With silvery pubescence on
head and scutellum, margining base, apex, and sides of
pronotum, forming distinct spots on elytra, and rather obscure
ones on under-surface.
Short and compact. Scutellum transverse, the apex
widely rounded. Pygidium rather long and very acute.
Antennae and tibial spurs much as in preceding species.
Length, 4 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 5894.
937
‘In some respects approaching gome varieties of hamatilis,-
but with pygidium acutely pointed. At first glance it appears’
close to 18-maculata, but the elytral markings are essentially
different and the prothoracic markings are similar to those”
of the smaller species. There are six disconnected spots in:
two series on each elytron: the first series close to the suture,
the spots equi-distant from each other, and the first at the’
basal fourth; the spots of the second series are also equi-
distant from each other, but the first is on the shoulder at,
the base. | :
MOoRDELLA ADIPATA, 0. sp.
Pl, xv:, ‘fig. 107.
Black; palpi, base of antennae, and spurs to hind tibiae
more or less reddish. Head, pronotum, and under-surface
with black pubescence, more or less obscurely variegated with
greyish or whitish; elytra with black pubescence having a
distinct greenish gloss, and with distinct white spots.
Short and compact. Scutellum semicircular. Pygidium
long but somewhat obtusely tipped. Antennae and spurs to
hind tibiae as in two preceding species. Length, 5 mm.
Hab.—Victoria: Dividing Range (Blackburn’s collec-
tion). Type (unique), I. 5885.
In some respects approaching some of the varieties, of
hamatilis, but pygidium much longer and the outer of the
two postmedian spots considerably anterior to the inner one.
On each elytron there are three small white spots close to
the suture: one at the basal fourth, one at the apical third,
and one close to the apex; on the shoulder ‘there is a some-
what hook-shaped (or irregular V) mark, and there 1 is a small
postmedian spot towards the side. .
MorDELLA CALOPASA, n. sp.
Pl. xv., figs. 108-110. .
Black; four front legs ce infuseated or not), antennae
(apical half infuscated), and spurs to hind tibiae obscurely
reddish. Densely and uniformly clothed with golden pubes-
cence on head, prothorax, scutellum, and sterna, and with
conspicuous markings on elytra and abdomen.
Moderately elongate. Scutellum subtriangular but with
apex rounded. Pygidium long but somewhat obtusely tipped.
Antennae with fifth to tenth joints moderately wide. Spurs
to hind tibiae unequal, the longer seoue one-third more than
the other. Length, 6-64 mm.
bh . 5892. eee end : Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
238.
A very beautiful species. Of thirteen specimens sent by
Mr. Dodd the markings of ten (except about the shoulders)
are almost identical and on each elytron consist of a large
basal spot (sometimes continued across the shoulder to the
side, but occasionally isolated from the side, which then has
one or two vittae), a smaller (but still fairly large) median
spot, and a large subapical spot (sometimes touching both
side and suture), on the side there is a small and very variable
spot above the middle of the metasternum; on the abdomen
there is a large irregular dark spot on each side of each
segment, but elsewhere its clothing is golden. On another
specimen (fig. 109) the markings are as described, except
that on the dark parts there are numerous scattered golden
hairs; on two others the golden markings on the elytra are
all combined, but leave an irregular dark fascia behind the
basal spots; on looking at these specimens from certain
directions the normal spots are traceable by their denser
clothing than on the adjacent parts.
A specimen (fig. 110) from Bulli (Blackburn’s collec-
tion, from T. G. Sloane) apparently belongs to the species,
but has the pale pubescence silvery instead of golden, and
on each elytron the following markings: an oval disconnected
spot near the base, an elongate patch from near the middle
to near the apex, with a lateral extension, and a slight
basal margin.
MORDELLA QUADRIMACULATA, N. sp.
Ploixyv:, fey lls
Black; parts of antennae and of legs and two spots on
each elytron obscurely reddish. Pubescence greyish, or black
with a bluish gloss, except on the elytral spots, where it is
more or less silvery.
Moderately elongate. Scutellum briefly subtriangular.
Pygidium rather long and acute. Antennae with fifth to
tenth joints not very wide but distinctly serrated. Spurs to
hind tibiae very unequal, the longer fully twice the length of
the other. Length, 25-3} mm.
Hab.—New South Wales. Type in Macleay Museum ,;
co-type, I. 6004, in South Australian Museum.
A small species allied to distencta and wiburdi, from the
former distinguished by the four-spotted elytra with the
subhumeral spot not commencing at the actual base; from the
latter by the complete isolation of the spots. In some respects
it resembles the four-spotted variety of humeralis, but the
size is consistently smaller, and the form is distinctly-
narrower. The elytral spots are of moderate size, the sub-
basal one being larger than the other ; it is somewhat obliquely
239
placed on the shoulder, but touches neither the base nor side ;
the other is transversely placed slightly beyond the middle;
both are rendered more conspicuous by their clothing than
they otherwise would be. There are six specimens before me
agreeing well in colour, a seventh is without the postmediam
spots.
MOoRDELLA OBLIQUIRUFA, N. Sp.
Pi xv: fe f¥2. ;
Black; parts of front legs, base of antennaé, and spurs
of hind tibiae obscurely reddish, a conspicuous reddish vitta
from the shoulder to about the middle of each elytron.
Rather wide and compact. Scutellum small and semi-
circular. Pygidium rather long and acutely pointed.
Antennae with fifth to tenth joints rather wide. Spurs to
hind tibiae slightly unequal. Length, 44+ mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Bulli (Blackburn’s collec-
tion, from T. G. Sloane). Type (unique), I. 5887.
Considerably wider in proportion than subvittata,
pygidium shorter and more acutely pointed, and the head
from certain directions appearing to be of a conspicuous blue
or greenish-blue; the pronotum, and to a less extent the other
parts, have also a bluish iridescence. It is much wider and
larger than wiburdi:. The pubescence is mostly blackish, but
is more or less silvery on the muzzle, extreme base of pro-
notum, scutellum, suture, and elytral vittae, and on parts
of abdomen.
MORDELLA CALOPTERA, 0. Sp.
Pl. xv., figs. 113-115.
Flavous ; three (or two) elytral fasciae, mesosternum, tips
of hind tibiae, and of three basal joints of hind tarsi black,
or blackish; antennae more or less infuscated. Pubescence
more or less golden on the pale parts, blackish on the other.
Rather short and compact. Scutellum small and semi-
circular. Pygidium rather long and acute. Antennae rather
thin, but fifth to tenth joints strongly serrated. Spurs to
hind tibiae very unequal, the longer about twice the length
of the other. Length, 23-3 mm.
: Hab.—Queensiand: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
. 5896.
Allied to caroli, but more robust, mesosternum (and
sometimes the metasternum) dark, and elytra with fasciae
wider and usually with most of the base dark. On the elytra
of all the (eight) specimens sent by Mr. Dodd there is a wide
median fascia, its margins somewhat undulated, but extend-
ing from side to side; there is also always another fascia, but
this may or may not extend quite to the apex; about the
base there may be a fairly wide fascia (which does not quite
240
extend to the sides), or it may be represented by a semi-
circular spot, or even by a narrow spot immediately behind
the scutellum; the metasternum may be as dark as the
mesosternum, but is usually pale; the abdomen is sometimes
infuscated ; the pygidium may be partly or entirely infuscated,
or entirely pale. On the middle of the pronotum there are
three very ill-defined dark spots (from some directions having
a vague bluish iridescence) that are more distinct from the
sides than from above. — 3 |
MOoRDELLA CALODEMA, N. sp.
‘ft | Pl. xv., fig. 116.
Flavous; some parts black or infuscated. Pubescence
more or less golden.on the pale parts, dark elsewhere.
Moderately elongate. Scutellum small and semi-circular.
Pygidium moderately long and somewhat obtusely pointed.
Antennae and spurs to hind tibiae much as in preceding
species. Length, 34-32 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (H. J. Carter), Blue
Mountains (Dr. E. W. Furguson). Type, I. 6005.
The type is mostly flavous; its elytra have a large blackish
‘spot at the base, subtriangularly continued along the suture,
across the middle there is a very irregular dark fascia,
appearing somewhat like an elongate spot on each elytron
irregularly conjoined at the suture, and the apical fourth is
also dark; between the dark markings the pubescence is con-
spicuously golden, that between the basal mark and median
fascia appearing somewhat V-shaped, that behind the median
fascia being straight on its hind edge, but produced into
four points in front (hence causing the fascia to appear
trilobed); the mesosternum and metasternum are deeply
infuscated; the hind femora, parts of abdomen and of
pygidium less, and the antennae scarcely infuscated ; the hind
tibiae and three basal joints of the hind tarsi are tipped with
black. The specimen from the Blue Mountains has the elytral
pubescence exactly as on the type, but the basal mark is
united along the suture with the median fascia, and this is
continued as a solid black patch to the apex, although
relieved by the pale pubescence; its abdomen also is almost
as dark as the sterna.
MORDELLA BLANDA, 0. Sp.
PL -xyv., fie. Tie
Flavous and black (or infuscated). Pubescence partly
golden and partly black.
Rather short and compact. Scutellum small and semi-
circular. Pygidium moderately long and acute. Length,
3-34 mm.
241
Hab.—Queensland: Wide Bay. Type, in Macleay
Museum; co-type, I. 6006, in South Australian Museum.
There are four specimens before me, and the strikingly
distinctive disposition of their pubescence renders it certain
that they belong to but one species, despite the variation in
colour. Two specimens (regarded as of the typical form)
have the upper-surface black, except for a large basal portion
of the elytra (infuscated, however, on each side of the suture)
narrowly continued along the suture to the apex, and a curved
fascia from each side obliquely joining in with the sutural
portion ; these parts are clothed with golden pubescence, on
the basal half somewhat resembling a V (the pubescence
here being much as on the preceding species); on its apical
portion the middle half of the pubescence also resembles a
V, but the tops of the V are abruptly deflected to the sides
(the pubescence here being very different in disposition to
that on the preceding species). From some directions the
elytra appear to have a trilobed basal black or infuscate mark
(common to both), and each with a large suboblong median
blotch and a smaller subapical one, parts of the sterna are
infuscated, but the rest of the under-surface and the append-
ages (except that the hind tibiae and three basal joints of
hind tarsi are tipped with black) are flavous. In general
appearance these specimens, at first glance, are apparently
elose to hwmeralis, but the abdomen and pygidium are
different and the elytral markings are really very different.
The other two specimens have the head and prothorax entirely
flavous, and the only conspicuously dark parts of the elytra
are two apical elliptic spots; the other markings of the typical
form are vaguely indicated, but the golden pubescence is
exactly the same. The appendages of all the specimens are
somewhat clogged with gum, which I was unable to entirely
remove, but they are apparently much as on the preceding
species.
MORDELLA SERICANS, N. sp.
Black; parts of front legs and base of antennae obscurely
reddish. Densely clothed with uniformly sericeous greyish
pubescence, on some specimens with a purplish gloss on sides
of elytra. |
Moderately elongate. Scutellum small and semicircular.
Pygidium short and conspicuously truncated. Antennae
rather short, fifth to tenth joints obtusely subtriangular.
Spurs to hind tibiae unequal. Length, 5-74 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Tintinara, Ardrossan (J. G. O.
Tepper), Quorn (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 5880.
A moderately large species with uniform pubescence even
on the abdomen, but on elytra sometimes darker on the sides,
242
although in some lights it 1s even pale there. In general
appearance like very large specimens of eas, but the
antennae distinctly shorter and wider, the elytral pubescence
(on some specimens, but not on all) darker at the sides
instead of uniform throughout, and with a curious silken
lustre that is quite absent from that species. From baldi-
ensis, and all its varieties, it is distinguished by its narrower
form, shorter and more obtuse pygidium, paler pubescence,
and uniformly clothed abdomen. S8: Austr.;° Lord ‘Howe
Island.
RUFICOLLIS, Macl. (Ananca, 4408). Q’land; N.S. Wales ;
S. Austr.
deniipes, Blackb.: t.c., p. 77.
MACLEAYI, Champ.: /.c., p. 242. Tas.
TORRIDA, Champ.: l.c., p. 243. N.-W. Austr.; N. Terr.
BepeeeirTA, Champ.: t.c.,. p. 244; Blackb.: J/.c., p. 75.
N.-W. Aust.
BALDIENSIS, Blackb.: /.c., 1899, p. 73. N.S. Wales;
Vict.
KERSHAWI, Blackb.: l.c., p. 74. Vict.
SLOANEI, Blackb.: /.c., p. 74. N.S. Wales; Vict.; S.
Austr.
LANGUIDA, Blackb.: /.c., p. 75. Q’land; N.S. Wales.
276
PULCHRA, Blackb.: /.c., p. 76. N.S. Wales; Vict,
LITORALIS, Lea: Proc. Roy. Soc. Viet 1907) pate:
Tas.; King Island. |
Oxacis, Lec.: New Sp. Col., 1866, p. 165; Blackb.: Trans.
Roy. Soc. S. Austr., 1899, p. 78.
AUSTRALIS, Boi. (Oedemera, 4402); Blackb.: l.c., p. 78.
S. Austr.; Vict.
LATERALIS, Macl.: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1887, p.
325 (Ananca). Q’land. 3
Z1ETZI, Blackb.: ¢.c., 1895, p. 56 (Ananca); 1899, p. 79.
S. Austr.
INQUISITOR, Blackb.: /.c., p. 80. N.-W. Austr.
ORNATIPENNIS, Blackb.: l.c., p. 80. N.-W. Austr.
CAVICEPS, Blackb.: /.c., p. 81. N.-W. Austr.
LINEARIS, Blackb.: l.c., p. 82. W. Austr.
OEDEMERA, Oliv.: Entom., ii1., 1795, No. 50.
BIVITTATA, Boi. (Ananca, 4403). Austr.
BREVICORNIS, Boi. f/Ananca, 4404). Austr.
PSEUDOLYCUS.
Several species of this genus are abundant in Australia
and Tasmania, and vary in colour in exactly the same ways
as species of Metriorrhynchus and Trichalus, of the Mala-
codermidae, do, and with which they are frequently associated
on flowering shrubs; the exoskeleton is also somewhat. soft
as in the Jdflalacodermidae, so that the apparent width of
specimens appears to be subject to alteration as the specimens
dry up. Several species of similarly-coloured longicornes may
also be found in their company. As the Malacodermidae are
usually much more abundant than the others, it is to be pre-
sumed that with the Pseudolyci, etc., the resemblance is a
protective one. In consequence of the great variation in
colour and size several varietal forms have been named as
distinct species, and several varieties have been noted by
Champion and Blackburn. The colours of the new species
have been described as they were found on the types, but it
is very probable that, as with all others of which I have seen
long series, they are variable, and not to be too much
depended upon.
PSEUDOLYCUS HAEMORRHOIDALIS, Fab.
Var. atratus, Guer. (luctuosus, Boi.).
Var. cinctus, Guer.
Var. marginatus, Guer.
Var. rufipennis, Cart.
This is the most variable and abundant species of the
genus in Tasmania, but it occurs also in New South Wales,
277
Victoria, and King and Flinders Islands. In both sexes!)
the antennae have the second to seventh joints flat and
strongly triangularly dilated, and the eleventh joint appar-.
ently divided into two (on many specimens the antennae
appear to be truly twelve-jointed). The pronotum varies to a
slight extent in comparative width, both sexually and indi-.
vidually, 2) and has a large irregular depression towards each
side, and a subtriangular medio-basal one; the latter is:
bounded by two ridges that meet or almost meet about the
middle, and these were used by Blackburn as the main
dividing feature of the genus:—‘“‘A. Prothorax having two
ridges, which diverge obliquely hindward from the middle of the
median line enclosing a triangular depression (antennae uni-
colorous).” (53) In the figure by Champion the triangular space
is rather too sharply defined, however. Blackburn referred
three species to A, but I am convinced that all the specimens
he so referred (these presumably are in the South Australian
Museum and now before me), and all others before me that
would be referred to A, belong to but one species.
In commenting upon /uctwosus as a distinct species (but
with elytra varying as those of haemorrhoidalis) Blackburn
attached considerable importance to the basal joint of the hind
tarsi being “invariably whitish-testaceous” ; but the specimens
before me vary from those having the basal joint entirely
black to those having its base conspicuously pale (sometimes
almost white); the clothing of the base also varies as its sup-
porting portion.
/ A. Prothorax entirely black.
HAEMORRHOIDALIS, Fab. (typical). Entirely black except
that the tips of the elytra are reddish (the reddish portion
may be evenly curved or slightly encroached upon by the
black tips of the elevated lines). This, although the typical
form of the species, is rather rare; one specimen has the red
advanced along the outer margins half-way to the base, but
not along the suture; it was standing in the Blackburn col-
lection with specimens of marginatus.
Var. aTRaTus, Guer. (luctuosus, Boisd.). An entirely
black form (except that there is the usual variation in colour
(31) The subapical segment of the abdomen is conspicuously
notched in the middle of its apex in the male.
(52) The prothorax is slightly longer in the male than in the
female, but its length appears to alter on specimens according as
to whether these have the prothorax closely applied to or partly
free from the head and elytra; but usually the smaller specimens
are narrower and with the prothorax less transverse than in the
larger ones. |
(33) The antennae are not always unicolorous, the lower parts
of the three basal joints being sometimes pale.
278
of the basal joint of the hind tarsi). The type was from
King Island (whence both Mr. J. A. Kershaw and I have
taken it), but it occurs also in Victoria. After commenting (4)
upon the exact agreement of the description of luctuosus with
_atratus, Blackburn nevertheless assumed 5) that it was a dis-
tinct species, closely allied to haemorrhoidalis, but differing in
the colours of the hirid tarsi, these not even being mentioned
in the original description (6) of luctwosus; in any case (as
above noted) the colour of the basal gue is not to be relied
upon.
Var. cinctus, Guer. In this variety the suture (except
close to the base), outer margins, and tips of the elytra are
reddish, the red usually somewhat dilated on the shoulders
and tips. It was described as from King Island, and the
specimens before me are from King Island and Tasmania.
Var. RUFIPENNIS, Cart. This is the most abundant
variety of the species, and the one figured by Champion as a
variety of cinctus.@7) Both Champion and Carter described
the elytra as being uniformly red (or ferruginous) ; on many
specimens, however (and including the type (8) of rufipennis ),
the elytral suture is narrowly dark at the base, and
sometimes is narrowly dark throughout. On the type
of rufipennis the hind tarsi are entirely dark, but the lower
parts of the three basal joints of antennae are not entirely
black; on many other specimens of the variety, however, the
antennae are entirely black, and the hind tarsi not so. A
specimen from Mount Wellington has a fairly wide sutural
space at the’ base conspicuously black, with the second costa
for a short distance black, and the third lightly infuscated
about the base. Two specimens from Hobart (taken in cop.)
are rather more robust and the elytra more convex and paler
than usual, but with the suture conspicuously black to well
beyond the middle.
Var. COSTIPENNIS, n. var. A form is fairly common in
Tasmania in which the costal elevations of © the elytra (except
(34) Ante, 1299 ee 84,
(35) [.c., p. 85,
(36) Atra, thorace rugoso; elytris costatis, antennis com-
planatis.
(37) In Champion’s reference to haemorrhoidalis he described
as a variety of that species a form having “the elytra with the
apex, suture, and outer margins ferruginous’’ (this form is really
typical of the variety cinctus); and he described as a variety of
cinctus a form having “the elytra entirely ferruginous,”’ this
form being the one he figured (pl. vi., fig. 10), although the refer-
ence to the plate is apparently given for the variety of
haemorrhoidalis. He, however, correctly assumed that they were
all forms of one species.
(38) Kindly lent for examination by Mr. Carter.
279
the outer one on each side near the base) are entirely reddish,
but the interspaces between the first and fifth are blackish, or
at least deeply infuscated. This form varies towards rufi-
penms on the pale side, and towards haemorrhoidalis on the
dark side; some of the connecting forms have the black in
irregular blotches and partly occupying even the costae. A
typical male of this variety was taken on Bruni Island in cop.
with a typical female of haemorrhoidalis. Another specimen
of it was taken on Flinders Island in company with one of
haemorrhoiddalis, and another of rufipennis.
AA. Prothorax not entirely black.
Var. MARGINATUS, Guer. This variety was described as
the type of the genus (at least it was the first form referred
to Pseudolycus, and the only one figured by Guerin), and
represents another very variable section of the species, differ-
ing from the first by the prothorax being of two colours
instead of uniformly black. It was described from Port Jack-
son, and the specimens before me were taken from Dorrigo
(New South Wales) to the Victorian Alps. In commenting
upon it Blackburn “9) said it was “a wider, more depressed,
and more fragile-looking species than either of the preceding
(haemorrhoidalis and luctuosus), but the only specimen in his
collection bearing his name-label marginatus (4°) is structurally
like a rather thin form of haemorrhoidalis, and the original
figure represents a thin form. Structurally specimens of this
variety agree exactly with those of other varieties, and the
slight variations in the shape of the prothorax are exactly
paralleled in those varieties; but the basal joint of the hind
tarsi appears to be invariably pale at the base.
1. The typical form of the variety has from the middle of
the base of the pronotum a wide (often subtriangular) black
space, extending to the apex ; there is also a black space (some-
times in the form of an isolated spot) on each side; there is
thus left a very irregular flavous, or reddish, vitta on each
side, extending from the base to the apex. On the elytra
the outer margins, apex, and suture (to a variable extent, I
have not seen it pale throughout) are also pale. Some speci-
mens of this form have elytra approaching those of
haemorrhordalis.
2. Two females are rather wider than usual, and with the
reddish parts of the elytra confined to the tips (but slightly
advanced along the elevated parts) and shoulders.
(39) L.c., p. 86.
(40) There was, however, an unusually wide female of Form 2 of
the variety in his collection, but without a label of any kind.
280
3. Like the variety costepennis, except that the pro-
thorax is bicolorous.
4. Like the variety rufipennis, except that the prothorax
is bicolorous. One specimen that might be referred to this
form has the red areas of the pronotum greatly reduced in
size and not extending to the base.
PSEUDOLYCUS HAEMOPTERUS, Guer.
Var. elegantulus, Blackb.
Var. puberulus, Blackb.
Var. montanus, Cart.
There is nothing in the original description of
haemopterus to distinguish it from some forms of haemorr-
hoidalis (2.e., var. rufipenms, with the suture distinctly
dark), but as Blackburn has identified a species as haemop-
terus, that agrees with the description and is certainly
distinct from haemorrhoidalis, I shall presume his identifica-
tion to be correct till proved to the contrary. But this species
is also extremely variable in colour, and may be similarly
divided into sections by the prothorax being unicolorous or
bicolorous. The sexes are sharply defined by the antennae,
those of the female having the third to fifth joints strongly,
and the sixth and seventh moderately inflated, whilst in
the male no joint is conspicuously inflated.(4) The male
has the apical segment of the abdomen strongly sculptured,
while in the female it is simple; the male also is generally
smaller and thinner than the female, and with the prothorax
distinctly longer. Considerable variation occurs in the sculp-
ture of the prothorax; there is generally (especially on the
narrower forms) a conspicuous median carina extending from
the apexgalmost to the base, but on many specimens not even
extending to the middle ; whilst on several specimens (especi-
ally the wider ones) it is represented by a flattened space only,
a median carina being completely absent. There is always
a large depression on each side towards the apex, and gener- —
ally a smaller one (sometimes completely absent, or at least
concealed by clothing) on each side of the middle of the base ;
the two sub-basal ones are occasionally connected together,
and occasionally the two on each side are obscurely connected
together. On all the forms the antennae have the eighth-
tenth joints pale at the base (on the tenth the pale basal por-
tion is often scarcely defined), and the eleventh semidouble,
but apparently never quite distinctly divided into two joints,
(41) Blackburn correctly noted the sexual differences in the
antennae, but these were incorrectly noted by Carter for montanus;
there are several pairs (taken in cop.) before me.
281
as it frequently is in haemorrhoidalis. The type was some-
what doubtfully recorded from Australia; the specimens
before me are from Queensland (Mount Tambourine), New
South Wales (Bulli, Illawarra, Gosford, Forest Reefs, Galston,
Sydney, Ben Lomond, Blue Mountains, Mount Irvine, and
Mount Victoria), Victoria (Flinders, Jameson, Warragul,
Warburton, Macedon,‘*2) Alps, and Dividing Range), and
South Australia (Mount Lofty).
A. Prothorax entirely black.
HAEMOPTERUS, Guer. (typical). In his collection Black-
burn had many forms correctly standing as one species, and
of these two bear his name label haemopterus; these two are
black, the elytra reddish, with a narrow black vitta on each
close to the suture, and extending from one-third to two-
thirds the length of the elytra, and slightly nearer the apex
than the base; this form (of which there are nine specimens.
and both sexes before me) is here regarded as the typical
one, as in the original description the elytra are described as.
being “d’wn jaune ferrugineux et la suture finement bordée
de noir.”
Var. MONTANUS, Cart. On this variety the elytra are
black, with the apex, shoulders, and a narrow connecting
line on the fifth (counting one on the suture) costa on each
elytron reddish (the extreme outer margins from the base to
beyond the middle are black, but from above the whole of the
margins appear to be reddish).
Var. A, n. var. Numerous specimens differ from mon-
tanus in having the red of the fifth costa on each elytron
extending a variable distance, but never to the base; and
the shoulders not red. This form was commented upon (but.
not indexed in any way) by Blackburn, and he had at least
four specimens of it.
AA. Prothorax not entirely black.
Var. PUBERULUS, Blackb. Apparently only one speci-
men (now in the British Museum) of this form was known
to Blackburn, although he considered it would probably be
variable. In generai appearance typical specimens of the
form are close to typical ones of haemopterus, except that the
. prothorax is reddish with-a black trident-shaped mark (as
viewed from the front); the middle tine of this appears to
end in the scutellum, the lateral ones, from directly above,
appear to end about. the middle, but from the side each is
seen to extend to the base. Numerous specimens of the
variety before me vary from having strong impressions and a
conspicuous median carina, to those in which (as on the type)
(42) Including the type of montanus..
282
the depressions are feeble and the median carina absent.
The large reddish, densely-clothed spaces vary considerably in
size, but apparently never quite meet at the base; on an
occasional specimen they are obscurely connected with the
apex, but on one female (from Forest Reefs) are widely con-
tinuous from base to apex. On another female (from Mount
Tambourine) the patches are rather short, but the apex of
the prothorax has two slight disconnected patches in line
with the others; on this specimen also the elytra are without
black vittae close to the suture, but the suture itself, adjacent
to their positions, is black. A male (from Macedon) has the
prothoracic patches much smaller than usual, with the depres-
sions very conspicuous and the median carina unusually acute.
Var. ELEGANTULUS, Blackb. Only one specimen of this
variety was known to Blackburn, but he considered it also
would be variable. He relied upon the shape of the pro-
thorax to distinguish it from others of the genus, but this is
‘not to be relied upon. On the type the prothorax was
described as having a black median vitta and a black spot
on each side, and the elytra as being black with three narrow
vittae: the suture and a stripe along the fifth (counting the
sutural) costa on each elytron. Of this form I have seen but
two specimens, both males, as was the type; three females
have similarly-coloured elytra, but the entire apex of the pro-
thorax is black with three tines proceeding from it, as on
puberulus.
Var. B, n. var. Prothorax with two conspicuous red-
dish patches of variable extent, but leaving a trident-shaped
black mark; elytra with shoulders, apex, and sides conspicu-
ously red and part of the suture red. On this form the
extreme margins of the elytra towards the base, as seen from
the sides, are black, but the black is concealed from above.
A male of the variety was taken in cop. with a female of
puberulus by Mr. Carter, who also had another male of it
mounted with another female of montanus. A female, from
the Dividing Range, has similar elytra, but with the pro-
thoracic markings reduced to narrow longitudinal vittae on
the apical two-thirds, but not quite touching the tip. A
male, from Dorrigo, has similarly coloured prothorax to the
Dividing Range specimen, but the humeral and apical mark-.
ings of the elytra are quite disconnected. Two females, from
the Blue Mountains, have the reddish prothoracic patches
unusually large, but not quite touching the apex, and the
black parts of the elytra almost confined to parts of the inter-
stices between the costae.
Var. C, n. var. A male, from Gosford, has the red
prothoracic patches continuous from base to apex, and the
283
elevated parts of the elytra entirely pale, so that there appear
to be four narrow infuscate vittae extending from near the
base to near the apex of each elytron; but the basal half
of each lateral margin (not visible from above) is entirely
black.
PSEUDOLYCUS WALLACEI, Lea.
In the original description of this species the first joint
of the antennae was described as being ‘‘as long as the eye
and much shorter’ (narrower, of course, should have been
used instead of shorter). The sutural costa on each elytron
diverges from the suture near the base, and curves round to
join in with the first discal costa at its base, and this char-
acter in itself is sufficient to distinguish it from all other
species known to me, but the clothing of the abdomen is also
very distinctive, and the eleventh joint of the antennae is not
semidouble. Mr. Carter took three specimens (at Acacia
Creek, in New South Wales) of the species, but they are all
considerably smaller than the type and all different in colour.
One of his specimens has the prothorax black, and elytra
black except for a reddish streak on each side, commencing
on the shoulder and ending on the side well beyond the
middle; the others have the elytra entirely reddish, and the
sides of the prothorax reddish with the dark discal portion
dilating to the base; on one specimen the dark portion is
black, but on the other it has a conspicuous purplish gloss.
PSEUDOLYCUS TORRIDUS, Blackb.
Only the type of this species (now in the British Museum)
was known to Blackburn; but two, somewhat larger, speci-
mens were taken by Mr. Hacker at Brisbane (his No. 466).
The species is very distinct by the red middle of its pronotum
and by its continuously flattened antennal joints (after the
second) ; the eleventh joint is semidouble, but less. conspicu-
ously so than in haemorrhoidaiis. There are also two speci-
mens of the species in the Australian Museum from Wide
Bay, and one of these has the median vitta of the pronotum
considerably enlarged and the black basal markings with
vermiculate encroachments of red.
PSEUDOLYCUS HILARIS, Blackb. (formerly Copidita).
In his table of the Oedemeridae Blackburn separated
Copidita from Pseudolycus on account of the antennae, and
further divided Copidita into the typical and three sub-
sections; of these subsection 1 consisted of but one species,
hilaris. Apparently of this species he had but two speci-
mens (and one sex, the male) before him: the type (now in
284
‘the British Museum) and a co-type (now in the South Aus-
tralian Museum), and these have rather thin antennae; the
female has considerably stouter antennae, although no joint is
conspicuously flattened, but a few of them are not quite
cylindrical in section, Structurally the species appears to be
a Pseudolycus, and I have no hesitation in referring it to that
genus; it is to be noted that according to Blackburn’s generic
‘table the male of P. haemopterus would be referred to
Comdita, and the female to Pseudolycus. 'The present species
may be readily distinguished from all others of the genus
by its shining glabrous prothorax, with three large depres-
sions: a medio-basal one and a large one towards each side
near apex, each of the latter encroached upon by a conspicuous
black elevation; the apical joint of the antennae is semi-
double, with the tip paler (sometimes not by much) than the
base, the elytral suture (including that of the co-type) is
narrowly black from the base to well beyond the middle. It
is (for the genus) singularly constant in colour, of thirty-
eight specimens before me (three others are noted as a variety,
however), the only variations being to a slight degree in the
tips of the antennae and in the lower parts of the basal
joints; but one Tasmanian specimen has the base of the pro-
notum obscurely infuscated. The species is widely distributed,
specimens under examination being from New South Wales
(Dorrigo, Ben Lomond, Tamworth, Forest Reefs, and
National Park), Victoria (Jameson), and Tasmania (Laun-
ceston, Devonport, and Ulverstone).
Var. PICTIPES, n. var. Three specimens (including both
‘sexes, taken by Mr. Carter at National Park) differ from the
common form in having the tip of the antennae no paler than
the basal part (and in consequence the semidoubling less con-
‘spicuous), the suture no darker than the rest of the elytra,
and all the tibiae pale except at their tips; they are also
rather more conspicuously pilose between the eyes.
PSEUDOLYCUS VITTICOLLIS, Macl. (formerly Ananca).
There are two specimens of this species (including the
type) in the Australian Museum, and they are of one sex
(apparently female). The species belongs to that section of
the genus containing Adaris and cartert, and in general
appearance the specimens are like rather broad ones of the
latter, but it differs in having the prothorax distinctly wider,
the median vitta almost twice the width, and terminated
before the apex; on one specimen the dark lateral marking
on each side appears as a narrow margin just visible from
above (this specimen is presumably the type); but on the
other there is a conspicuous black vitta or macula on each
285
side in front, even more conspicuous than on filaris; the
elytra are wider than on carteri, the costae are more pro-
nounced, and the sides are nowhere black or infuscated. . The
mandibles are bifid.
PSEUDOLYCUS CARTERI, 0. sp.
dg. Black, shining, prothorax (a black median vitta
excepted), and elytra (parts of the margins excepted) flavous-
red. Moderately pubescent.
Head moderately convex between eyes; with dense and
rather small but sharply-defined punctures. Antennae not
very thin, no joint inflated, eleventh not semidouble. Pro-
thorax slightly longer than wide, sides slightly dilated to near
apex, with a wide shallow depression across apex, and a less
distinct one towards base, at base with a deep but narrow
impression ; with dense, but more or less concealed punctures.
Elytra much wider than prothorax; each with four discal
costae, of which the third is traceable only beyond the middle,
and the fourth (from above) appears to be marginal, suture
costate to base ; densely granulate-punctate. Length (d, 9),
7-93 mm.
@. Differs in having stouter (but not flattened) antennae,
somewhat shorter prothorax, wider elytra, apical segment. of
abdomen not triangularly incised at apex (as in the male),
and somewhat shorter legs.
Hab.—New South Wales: Ben Lomond, November ;
Gosford, November (H. J. Carter). Type, I. 6665.
A very narrow species, in colour to a certain extent
resembling some varieties of haemopterus, but the prothorax
of very different shape and differently sculptured, the eyes
much more prominent, and the eleventh joint of antennae
not semidouble; its tip is paler than its base, but there is
no false suture, as in haemopterus and most species of the
genus. The female has distinctly stouter antennae than the
male, much as in Alaris (except that the apical joint is
simple), to which it is nearer than to any previously-described
Species (except vitticollis), but the prothorax is without. the
three large impressions of that species, being more undulated
than excavated. The dark parts of the head, prothorax, and
under-surface have a more or less conspicuous greenish gloss,
the prothoracic vitta is almost parallel-sided, the dark parts
of the elytra are entirely marginal and concealed from above,
parts of the palpi, lower parts of some basal joints of the
antennae, and the space on each side between the eye and
mandible are obscurely pale; there is a dark spot on éach side
of the prothorax, but it is quite concealed from above. The
specimen from Gosford is a male, and differs considerably
286
in colour from the type, the prothoracic vitta being more
dilated to the base and the elytra black, except that the sides
are pale from the shoulders (there half-way to the suture)
to the apex, and continued very narrowly up part of the
suture; its palpi are almost entirely pale.
PSEUDOLYCUS NIGER, N. sp.
@. Black, opaque. Densely pubescent.
Head rather strongly convex between eyes; with dense
and minute punctures. Antennae with third to seventh joints
wide, flat, and triangularly dilated to apex, eighth flat, but
decidedly narrower than seventh, ninth and tenth also flat
but decreasing in width, eleventh conspicuously semidouble
and slightly longer than tenth. Prothorax lightly transverse,
sides widest near apex: with three large excavations: a
medio-basal one and one towards each side in front, the latter
somewhat. larger and deeper than the former. Hlytra much
wider than prothorax; each with four rather obtuse, sub-
costal, discal elevations; surface partially concealed but finely
granulate-punctate. Length, 11 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Coen River (W. D. Dodd). Type
(unique), I. 6651.
At first glance strikingly lke the variety atratus, of
haemorrhoidalis, but readily distinguished from that species
by the antennae; these have the eighth joint quite as flat as
the seventh and fully half its width, the ninth and tenth
are also flat. In haemorrhoidalis, and all its varieties, the
eighth-eleventh are cylindrical, and subequal in width; the
apical joints to a certain extent resemble those of torridus
and wallacer, but the species is otherwise very different. The
medio-basal depression of the pronotum approaches to a
triangular shape, but less conspicuously so than on haemorr-
hoidalis, the bounding lines being less acutely elevated and not
so straight. The entire insect is of a deep black colour, except
that parts of the muzzle and of the under-surface are very
obscurely diluted with red.
PSEUDOLYCUS CANALICULATUS, Nn. Sp.
gd. Black; prothorax and elytra partly red; elytra sub-
opaque,. elsewhere shining. Moderately clothed with short
pubescence, mostly similar in colour to the derm on which it
rests; prothorax glabrous.
Head moderately convex between eyes; punctures minute
and more or less concealed. Antennae with more or
less cylindrical joints. Prothorax lightly transverse,
sides rounded on apical half, incurved on basal half; with a
287
deep and sharply-limited, continuous median groove, moder-
ately wide at base and apex, evenly and gently constricted
in middle; with a large and deep excavation on each side,
posteriorly acutely narrowed, at the side in front encroached
upon by a tubercular sweliing; with some irregularly scat-
tered punctures. Hlytra much wider than prothorax; each
with four discal, subcostal elevations, of which the third is
very feeble and fourth (from above) apparently marginal ;
finely granulate-punctate, but sculpture partially concealed.
Length, 9 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron). Type
(unique), I. 6664.
This species is certainly congeneric with hilaris, with
which it agrees in its impubescent pronotum, but it differs
from that species, as from all others of the genus, by the
remarkable sculpture of the pronotum, in particular by the
strongly-impressed median line. The median third of the
pronotum is occupied by a black vitta, with somewhat uneven
sides; on the elytra the reddish parts are the base, apex,
sides near apex, shoulders, and the first and fourth discal
costae, with parts of the second and third.
MorPHOLYCUS, Nn. g.
Head of moderate size, strongly narrowed behind the
eyes and with a distinct neck; labrum strongly transverse,
gently rounded in front. Eyes large, prominent, lateral,
entire, finely faceted. Antennae usually serrate or pectinate,
apical joint semidouble. Maxillary palpi with first and third
joints small, the others larger, fourth joint securiform.
Labrum small and soft, with small palpi. Mandibles bifid.
Prothorax transverse, lateral sutures not defined. Scutellum
small and distinct. H/ytra flat, much wider than prothorax,
more or less parallel-sided ; epipleurae narrow and continuous
throughout. Mesosternwm produced in front, apex bisinuate
for reception of front coxae. Metasternum elongate, episterna
not very narrow. Abdomen parallel-sided for most of its
length, composed of six segments in the male and five in the
female. Legs moderately long; front coxae basal and
touching, their cavities widely open behind, middle coxae
lightly, the hind ones moderately separated; tibiae lightly
bispinose at apex; tarsi with penultimate joint conspicuously
produced below claw joint; claws each with a large basal
swelling. ant
This genus is proposed for the reception of Pseudolycus
apicalis, Macl., which, as pointed out by Blackburn (ante,
1899, p. 72), is certainly not a Pseudolycus; he considered
it was probably a Pyrochroid, but said that the differences
288
noted between the Pyrochroidae and Oedemeridae were
rather vague. Associated with it are three other species, one
of which has very different antennae, but in other generic
details is ‘in agreement with it. They differ from all the
European Pyrochroidae in the Museum in having the eyes
lateral and entire, elytra almost parallel-sided (at any rate
not conspicuously dilated posteriorly), with narrow epipleurae
continuous from base to apex, and with much larger and
more conspicuous punctures. In the various works I have
consulted some latitude appears to be allowed in the claws of
both families; in the present genus they are certainly not
simple, neither are they bifid, as the basal swelling is
nowhere pointed. I consider it belongs to the same family as
Techmessa ruficolis, and as that genus was referred to the
Oedemeridae by Bates and allowed to remain in it by Cham-
pion, it appears desirable to refer the present one to that
family.(45) The species are all flat and winged, and black (or
purplish-black) and rusty red; in general appearance much
like many /ycides, of the Malacodermidae. The clypeus (at
least its front portion) appears to be of the same consistency
as the labrum; that is to say, rather soft. Although the
front coxal cavities are widely open behind, it is usually
necessary to remove a leg to see a cavity clearly, as the front
of the mesosternum is produced on to the base of the pro-
sternum so that each coxa is surrounded partly by the pro-
sternum and partly by the mesosternum. The species may
be tabulated as follows : —
Antennae not serrate... 6.00 66. dns sen tet) dee ees
Antennae serrate or pectinate. é.
Elytra with sharply-defined costae ie) nes) bel) CGMED Ie TanLS
Klytra with vaguely-defined elevations.
Prothorax entirely pale ee ae me
Prothorax partly black .~ «2/0 ..0. 435 2
MorPHOLYcUS APIcaLis, Macl. (formerly Pseudolychus).
There are two specimens (including the type) of this
species in the Australian Museum ; (44) they were described as
being black except for part of the elytra, but both have the
prothorax obscurely reddish at the sides. They are males,
and have the antennae strongly serrated or subpectinate after
the second joint; the eleventh joint (missing from the types)
(43) In his recent, revision of the Pyrochroidae (Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., 1914) Blair states definitely that P. apicalis, Macl.,
belongs to the Oedemeridae, and some of the family characters he
gives: eyes emarginate for the insertion of the antennae, and
claws simple certainly exclude it from the Pyrochroidae.
(44) And I have seen others from Mount Tambourine and the
Tweed River. |
(289
is distinctly longer than the tenth and semidouble, the “three
or four (there are three discal ones on each elytron) slightly
elevated longitudinal lines” of the elytra are not costae, but
vague elevations, between which the surface is vaguely
depressed. The female differs from the male in. having shorter
antennae, with the joints much less conspicuously. serrated
and the eleventh stouter; the eyes, also, are not quite so
prominent. pe
Var. 1. Two specimens, from Moreton Bay, in the Aus-
tralian Museum, and two taken by Mr. Hacker (his No. 456)
at Mount Tambourine, differ from the types in having the
prothorax conspicuously pale at the sides (the colour there
being similar to that of the elytra), the elytra have an
infuscate stain (of variable extent) on part of the suture (the
stain on two specimens is sub-basal, but on one it is smaller
and submedian); the sides near the base are lightly infus-
cated. From all these specimens the black apical patch of
the typical form is absent. |
Var. 2. A female, from Illawarra, in Mr. Carter’s col-
lection, has the prothorax as in Var. 1, but with the elytra
black, except for a narrow vitta extending from each shoulder
to the apex, and there curved round and extended along (but
not actually on) the suture to about the middle.
MoRPHOLYCUS SERRATICORNIS, Nn. sp.
36. Black; muzzle and base of head, prothorax,
shoulders, and trochanters of a more or less flavous-red.
Clothed with short, depressed pubescence, more noticeable
on the reddish parts than elsewhere.
Head densely and sharply punctate; with a vague
depression between antennae. Antennae passing hind coxae,
first joint rather short and stout, second small and trans-
verse, third-tenth strongly serrate, eleventh decidedly longer
than tenth. /Prothorax moderately transverse, sides evenly
rounded, base and apex subequal, but the base lightly tri-
sinuate; with a deep. longitudinal excavation and. a strong
curved depression on each side; punctures dense, but rather
small and partially concealed. LElytra flat, about one-third
wider than prothorax, almost parallel-sided to near apex;
each with three vaguely elevated not at all costate lines; with
crowded punctures as on head. Length, 8-84 mm.
= Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd and A.
mr tea). . Type, I. 6654...
Structurally rather close to apicalis, but the antennae
are serrate rather than pectinate, the serrations being more
pronounced than on the female of that species, and decidedly
less than on the male; the elytral structure is much the
K
290
same, but the longitudinal elevations are even less defined.
The two males in the Museum are exactly alike in colour.
‘MoRPHOLYCUS COSTIPENNIS, Nn. Sp.
3. Black; parts of prothorax and elytra (except: apical
third) of a rusty red. Sparsely pubescent, the elytra almost
entirely glabrous.
Head and antennae much as in the preceding species.
Prothorax lightly transverse, sides somewhat unevenly
rounded, base lightly trisinuate ; with a wide and conspicuous
but not very deep median line, and with a somewhat shallower
depression on each side ; punctures dense and sharply defined.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, very feebly dilated ‘pos-
teriorly ; each with four acute discal costae, the suture and
margins also narrowly elevated; punctures much as on pro-
thorax. Length (3, 9), 83 -10 mm.
@. Differs in being somewhat wider, antennae shorter
and less strongly serrate, legs slightly shorter, and abdomen
with the tip rounded, and without the small and notched
sixth segment of the male.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (H. J. Carter
and H. Hacker); New South Wales: Tweed River (Black-
burn’s collection, from R. Helms). Type, I. 6656.
In general appearance the type is very close to the
typical form of agicalis, but the elytra are acutely costate
and the antennae are much less acutely serrate. The longi-
tudinal impressions of the pronotum are not so deep as on
the preceding species, but the punctures are almost as large
as on the head, instead of considerably smaller. On the type
the prothorax is red, but with a large circular black discal
patch, its elytra have the black apical portion slightly
advanced along the suture; a second male closely agrees with
it in colour, except that the apical black patch of the elytra
is somewhat larger. A female (mounted with the type male)
has the black discal patch of the pronotum irregularly con-
nected with the apex, and its elytra entirely red, except for
a narrow posterior infuscation of the suture; another female
has similar elytra, but the black prothoracic patch so ex-
tended as to leave only a narrow reddish strip at the base.
MoRPHOLYCUS MONILICORNIS, N. Sp.
3. Black, with a more or less purplish gloss; elytra
purple, with the base, apex, and sides red, the red partly
advanced along the suture. Sparsely pubescent, but the
sides with moderately long, straggling hairs.
Head with crowded and _ sharply-defined punctures.
Antennae rather short and stout, first joint rather short,
291
second small, third about as long as first, and shghtly longer
than fourth, the others to tenth feebly increasing in width
and not at all serrate, eleventh slightly longer than tenth,
its tip slightly produced. Prothorax moderately transverse,
sides irregularly rounded, base lightly trisinuate; with a
wide and fairly deep longitudinal excavation in middle, each
side with an irregular impression becoming foveate in the
middle ; punctures slightly larger than on head, but not quite
so crowded. Elytra almost twice the width of prothorax,
parallel-sided except at base and apex; each with three
irregularly-elevated lines, fairly distinct but not costate ; with
rather large, deep, and crowded punctures. Length (d, 9),
8-12 mm.
@. Differs in being somewhat wider, eyes not quite so
prominent, antennae somewhat stouter, and in the tip of the
abdomen. |
Hab.—New South Wales: Bulladelah, under rotting
bark of logs (H. J. Carter), Burrawang (T. G. Sloane),
Clifton (A. M. Lea); Victoria (National Museum and H. J.
Carter), Warragul (J. C. Goudie, his No. 312). Type, I.
6655.
Structurally close to serraticorms and amcalis, but with
very different antennae ; the claws, also, are more noticeably
appendiculate. The elytra on the eight typical specimens
appear to be completely bordered with red, but on looking
at them from the sides the margins from near the base to
well beyond the middle are seen to be purplish.
Var. 1. Four specimens differ in having the elytra red,
except that the suture is narrowly purple from near the base,
and that the sides (invisible from above) are as on the typical
form.
fHab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron); Vic-
toria: Alps (Blackburn’s collection), Fernshaw (National
Museum).
TECHMESSA RUFICOLLIS, Champ.
This species differs in several respects from the original
generic diagnosis (founded upon two New Zealand species), (4)
in which stress was laid on the third joint of the antennae,
“two a little shorter than three, and both obconic; three not
more than half as long as four”; on the type of rujficollis
the third was described as being twice as long as the second,
and the third to tenth subequal (as a matter of fact, the
third is just perceptibly shorter than the fourth); the eyes
of the New Zealand species were noted as “slightly trans-
verse” (in rivficollis they are not at all transverse), the sides
of the prothorax as ‘abruptly incurved anteriorly, gradually
a Bates: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb., 1874, p. 113.
K
292
contracted posteriorly” (the type of ruficollis was noted as
having the sides of the prothorax abnormal, but on normal
specimens they are more abruptly narrowed ‘posteriorly than
anteriorly). But no doubt Mr. Champion was satisfied, from
examination of the ipsa species, that the differences noted
were only specific.
There are. five specimens before me that appear to belong
to ruficollis, but the colours of only one of these (from the
Blue Mountains, in Mr. Carter’s collection) agree exactly
with the description. Of the others (all from Tasmania), one
has the knees and tarsi quite as dark as the rest of the Jegs,
one has the, prothorax reddish, but with a large somewhat
circular blackish blotch occupying most of the disc; the other
two are entirely black, except that parts of the legs and
mouth-parts are obscurely piceous; one of these is the speci-
men previously commented upon by Blackburn (ante, 1889,
p- 84).
: TECHMESSA BIFOVEICOLLIS, Nn. sp.
Black, shining; prothorax, scutellum, prosternum,
mesosternum, muzzle, two basal joints of antennae, palpi,
and legs (tarsi and apical parts of tibiae lightly infuscated)
flavous. Clothed with not very dense, semidecumbent and
upright pubescence or setae, similar in colour to the derm
supporting them.
Head wide, strongly narrowed to base and apex; with
dense and sharply defined, but not very large punctures. Hyes
large, prominent, and lateral. Antennae moderately long,
second joint ‘short, third just perceptibly shorter than fourth,
the others very feebly decreasing in length and very feebly
increasing in width, but eleventh distinctly longer than tenth.
Prothorax distinctly transverse, sides increasing in width from
apex to near middle, and then arcuate to base; with a large
round fovea on each side of middle of disc, and with a rather.
shallow median line; punctures dense but not very deep.
Scutellum densely punctate. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to the rounded apex; with dense and
moderately large, sharply-defined punctures. Legs moder-
ately long and thin, penultimate joint of tarsi strongly pro-
duced under claw joint. Length, 4 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6653. aes
Smaller and more sparsely clothed than ruficollis, and
with more of the legs pale; the head is more convex and
more shining, the antennae shorter (although not much
shorter), with the joints more cylindrical, and the elytral
punctures not- quite so crowded. In general appearance it is
like a small Heteromastix, of the Malacodermidae. The elytra
293
are without traces of discal costae. As the abdomen is missing
the sex of the type is doubtful.
Dournra BorspuvaLi, Blackb. (formerly Ananca).
Salis australis, Blackb.
Var. D. sumplex, Champ.
This species has been rather unfortunate in its synonymy ;
in 1891 it was described as Silis australis, of the Mala-
codermdae; in 1893 it was transferred to the genus
Ananca,*) of the Oedemeridae; but australis being already
in use in that genus, the specific name was altered to
bosduvali. Still later (1899) it was found to be congeneric
with a species (D). sumplex) referred by Champion to Dohrna,
and the generic determination was accepted by Blackburn.
There are before mea co-type of bowduvali, a South Aus-
tralian specimen labelled by Blackburn as bowsduvali, and
several other South Australian and Victorian specimens that
agree with them; and numerous Tasmanian specimens (in-
cluding several pairs taken in cop.) of semplex, and I can
only regard semplex as a Tasmanian colour-variety of
bowduvali. In the original description of the latter the pro-
thorax was noted as having “lateribus subtus appendiculatis’’ ;
and again, “The downward-directed appendage of the sides
of the prothorax is no doubt characteristic of the male.’’ But
there is no true appendix; near the base of the prothorax
there is an impressed line, behind which an elevated line
margins the base, and this, when curving downwards on each
side, gives an appearance as of an appendix; it is slightly
more pronounced on Jborsduvali than on simplex, but is not
sexually variable. In comparing the two forms, Blackburn
stated that boisduvali differed from simplex “by the colouring
of its head and legs,‘*”) and by its much smaller prothorax,
the sides of which are much more strongly curved behind the
anterior tuberosity, making the segment very much narrower
in the hinder part and the extremities of the base much more
prominent.” But he evidently compared a male of one form
with a female (48) of the other, as the male of each form differs
(464) Considered by Champion as a probable synonym of
Copidita.
(47) On most specimens the head thas a more or less brassy
gloss, occasionally with a faint bluish tone; but on boisduvali the
front parts become testaceous, and on simplex plain black; on
the former, also, the front tibiae are almost wholly pale, whilst
on the latter they are obscurely pale only at. the base; but colour
variations such as these are frequent between Tasmanian and
mainland specimens of many insects.
(48) The sexes may be readily distinguished by the tip of the
abdomen.
294
from its female in the particulars (49 of the prothorax he pre-
sumed to be specific. On the co-type and other specimens of
boisduvali the elytra have an obscure bluish gloss; on simplex
they are deep black (Champion described the elytra as bluish-
black, but they very seldom have the least trace of blue).
The punctures on the elytra of both forms are much denser
than on the head, where they are somewhat denser than on
the prothorax; on the latter they are subject to a certain
amount of variation. |
DOHRNIA EREMITA, Blackb.
The male of this species has the head slightly larger than
in the female, with more prominent eyes and longer antennae,
prothorax smaller and more strongly sculptured, and tip of
abdomen very different. Both sexes superficially strongly
resemble the female of miranda, but may be at once dis-
tinguished by the basal joint of the antennae; in the female
of miranda this joint is quite as long as the distance between
the eyes. In the present species it is scarcely half the distance
between the eyes.
DoHRNIA BIFOVEICOLLIS, n. sp.
@. Black; head in front of eyes (but not labrum, which
is of a shining black), prothorax, scutellum, under-surface
(except metasternum, abdomen, and a spot on the side of each
eye), legs (parts of tarsi and tips of tibiae infuscated), most
of palpi, and under-parts of from two to four basal joints
of antennae flavous. Moderately clothed (more sparsely on
the head and prothorax oe elsewhere) with short, pale,
depressed pubescence.
Head moderately convex; with dense and rather small
but sharply-defined punctures. Eyes large and prominent,
feebly notched in front.. Antennae moderately long and not
very thin, eleventh joint distinctly longer than tenth, and
semidouble. Prothorax lightly transverse, sides dilated near
apex ; on each side towards apex with a large deep excavation,
a narrowly-impressed line close to apex, and another close to
base; with rather small and irregularly-distributed, but
sharply-defined punctures. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex; each with two rather
feeble discal costae; with very dense and small punctures.
Claws somewhat swollen near base. Length, 5-64 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (A. M. Lea);
New South Wales (National Museum): Tweed River (W. W
Froggatt). Type, I. 6652.
(49) They are much more pronounced on some specimens than
on others.
295
The five specimens before me appear to be all females,
and the prothoracic excavations vary slightly on them all.
CopipiTa PuNCcTA, W. S. Mazcl.
1. On the typical form of this species the head has a
large rounded or elliptic, completely isolated black spot in
front, the pronotum has a large, curved, longitudinal, black
or blackish vitta on each side, and the elytra have the suture
narrowly pale, but the pale portion touches neither the base
nor apex, and is slightly dilated posteriorly, the elytral
margins are usually very narrowly pale, but the pale portion
is sometimes so obscure that it might be regarded as absent.
On the male the abdomen (0) has the second-fourth segments
black; on the female those segments usually have a black
spot on each side, but occasionally the abdomen is entirely
ale.
2. A male, from Lucindale, has the abdomen entirely
pale, and the sutural marking rather wider than usual and
parallel-sided, except at its beginning and end.
3. A male, from Tasmania, differs from the typical
male in having the pale sutural portion considerably wider
than usual, and somewhat dilated at the middle (of the
suture), the disc outside of the dilated portion is also obscurely
longitudinally diluted.
4. A male, from Lucindale, has the head entirely black
between the eyes, each of the prothoracic vittae near the
apex directed outwards and then backwards for a short
distance (so as to appear somewhat hook-shaped), the sutural
marking extremely narrow but continuous throughout, and
the abdomen, tibiae, and tarsi black.
5. Three males, from Northern Queensland, have the
head, abdomen, and legs as in No. 4, but the prothorax has
a disconnected spot on each side near the vitta, the elytra
have the suture narrowly but conspicuously pale from the
base almost to the apex, and each shoulder has a small
pale spot.
6. A female, from Galston, has the markings of the
head and prothorax as in No. 4, the elytral suture narrowly
pale throughout, till at the tip it joins in with the conspicu-
ously pale lateral margins, and the abdomen (except the basal
segment and part of the second) blackish.
7. Five females, from Dalby, have the head widely
black between the eyes, the prothoracic vittae rather wider
than usual, the sutural marking commencing very narrowly
at the base, feebly dilated at the middle, and suddenly and
(50) The.abdomen was not mentioned in the original description.
296
more strongly dilated and as suddenly terminated near the
apex; the abdomen has the three apical segments black or
blackish, and the sides of the others similarly coloured. On
this form the head is rather more concave than on languida
(but the degree of concavity appears to be as variable as the
markings), and the subapical marking is at the same place as
on that species, but is rather smaller and not the same shape.
8. Two females, from Mangemup, have the head with
an isolated spot, the prothoracic vittae shorter and wider
than usual (almost pear-shaped), and the sutural vitta wide
and parallel, except that at the base it is slightly dilated
(but leaving a dark semicircular or triangular portion about
the scutellum), and that near the apex it is rather suddenly
terminated, the margins are nowhere paler; the sterna are
flavous, and the abdomen with a more reddish tone and
nowhere black.
The density and size of the prothoracic punctures, the
depth of the prothoracic impressions, the degree of polish,
the comparative widths of the prothorax and elytra, and the
colour of the antennae and metasternum are also subject to
variation; many specimens also have a conspicuous bluish
or purplish gloss on the dark parts. It is the most widely-
distributed species in Australia, specimens before me being
from Queensland (Cairns, Dalby, and Brisbane), New South
Wales (Sydney, Galston, and Mount Koscuisko), Victoria
(Ballarat and Dividing Range), Tasmania (Hobart, Mount
Wellington, Launceston, and Swansea), South Australia
(Lucindale, Mount Lofty, and Kangaroo Island), and
Western Australia (Mangemup).
CoPIDITA RUFICOLLIS, Macl. (formerly Ananea).
Gi dentipes, Blackb.
Of this species there are now eight males and three
females before me. The male has distinctly bifid claws; 6)
on the female each claw has a basal swelling, but it is ‘not
very acute, and terminates some distance from the apex, so
that the claw could not be regarded as bifid. The apical
joint of the maxillary palpi is larger-on the male than on
the female, but is otherwise much the same, on both it is
considerably longer than the penultimate joint ; but the
sexes may be readily distinguished by the tips of the
abdomen. The colour of the elytra varies from blackish-blue
to deep violet; on some specimens there are vague remnants
of elytral costae, but on others these are not traceable.
(51) The claws are small and close together, so that it is neces-
sary to examine them closely in a good light; “but when so viewed
they are quite plainly bifid.
297
Macleay in error described the mesosternum as black. The
type of ruficollis was from Gayndah, and is a female; the
type of dentepes ) is evidently a male, and was from an
unknown locality. The specimens now before me are the
type of ruficollis, one from Australia (old collection), three
from Queensland (Mackay and Brisbane), one from New
South Wales (Forest Reefs), and five from South Australia
(Mount Lofty and Myponga).
CoPIDITA NIGRONOTATA, Boh.
Pl. xiii., fig. 24.
This species varies in length from 10 to 16 mm., and some
specimens are much darker than others. There are nearly
always five small spots on each elytron: one on the shoulder
and four in a line close to the suture at almost equal distances
apart, but the apical one is seldom as sharply defined as
the others, and occasionally is absent.
CoPIDITA BALDIENSIS, Blackb.
A specimen, from Jenolan, differs from a co-type of this
species in having the prothoracic impressions smaller and
shallower, and the lateral spots much smaller and appearing
more like stains; on the elytra the subelevated lines are even
less defined (on the co-type, although not conspicuously
elevated, they are traceable to near the apex, but on the
Jenolan specimen they are not traceable even to the middle).
CoPIDITA KERSHAWI, Blackb.
The type of this species was described as having ‘“‘cayute
é; wn parte postica longitudinaliter canaliculato,’’ and
was said to differ from baldiensis “‘by its head strongly canali-
culate in the hinder part.’’ It was originally received from
Mr. Kershaw, of the National Museum, and is now in the
British Museum. I have seen three Victorian specimens from
the National Museum, said by Mr. Kershaw to have been
named by Mr. Blackburn, but not bearing his name labels, (5°)
and these agree with the description except that the head is
(52) It was represented in the Blackburn collection by a label
(53) In reply to an enquiry Mr. Kershaw wrote :—‘‘Regarding
Copidita kershawi, I have examined four other specimens, but
cannot find any trace of a longitudinal groove on the back of the
head. The specimen referred to by Blackburn is one of a number
of beetles I sent him about 1899; all those sent were numbered,
and a corresponding number was attached to similar specimens in
our collection; he did not return a specimen, but sent me the
name and number.”’
298
not at all canaliculate; there are also specimens before me
from Queensland (Cloncurry) and New South Wales
(Moruya) that agree with the Victorian specimens. Although
not commented upon under the description of languida (the
type of which is in the South Australian Museum) this species
in general appearance is extremely close to it, having very
similar and curious elytral markings; but it differs in having
the three large prothoracic foveae or excavations of that
species represented by shallow depressions only, the pro-
thoracic markings larger and more narrowly separated along
the middle, the head and abdomen immaculate, and o the
joints of the antennae Due at the base.
CoPIDITA LANGUIDA, Blackb.
PY, xiii, ess \25o 2a
The pale markings on this species vary somewhat; the
two dilated spaces starting from the suture are considerably
larger on some specimens than on others, but their outer
edges appear always to terminate on or about the second
discal costa; this costa is pale at the base, and the pale
portion is occasionally narrowly connected with the ante-
median mark; on one specimen it is also connected with the
postmedian mark; the margins are usually narrowly pale
throughout, but occasionally the pale portion extends to
neither base nor apex, sometimes only to the base. The fifth
segment of the abdomen is usually black right across the
middle, but occasionally is spotted at the sides only, each of
the three preceding segments has a conspicuous spot on each
side. Sometimes the eighth joint of the antennae is entirely
pale, and the ninth but little clouded towards its apex, but
the four apical joints (as also the third and fourth) are
subject to considerable variation. The tarsi are partly pale,
and the hind tibiae are pale to a variable extent, but the
pale portion never touches the base or apex, although always
nearer to the latter.. There appears to be always a reddish
patch between the eyes.
CoPIDITA SLOANEI, Blackb.
Pl. xiii., figs. 27, 51, 52.
There are several species before me that in general.
appearance might be regarded as varieties of sloanei, but
that species may be readily distinguished by the apical joint
of the maxillary palpi of the male; this has a conspicuous
appendix, much as if a small supplementary joint had been
thrust in at the outer edge, near where the two apical joints
touch; the female (the type must have been a female, as the
299
apical joint was described as “elongato cultriformv”’ ) is with-
out this. It was doubtfully recorded as from New South
Wales; the specimens before me are from New South Wales
(Forest Reefs) and South Australia (Lucindale), in addition
to two co-type males.
CopipITA PULCHRA, Blackb.
‘The type of this species was unique in the Blackburn
collection, and is now in the British Museum; its sex, unfor-
tunately, was not noted. It was the only species referred by
Blackburn to his second subsection of the genus characterized
by ‘‘apical joint of maxillary palpi scarcely longer than
penultimate’’; in the specific description this was noted as
“quam penultimus parum longiori,’’? and again, ‘““The short
apical joint of the maxillary palpi.’’
| I have taken, at Forest Reefs, two females that have the
apical joint rather shorter than usual in the genus, although
decidedly longer than the penultimate joint (its inner edge is
about the length of that joint, but the outer edge is quite
one-half longer) ; their colours agree exactly with the descrip-
tion, but the elytra are without the ‘“‘linezs subelevatis 3 pers-
picue wnstructis’’ of the type; this, however, being a somewhat
variable character in several species of the genus, it is quite
probable that the specimens really belong to pulchra.
Three specimens, from Mount Victoria, agree well with
the colours, except that the elytra are more of a metallic
bluish-green than ‘“‘laete cyanevis,’’ and of these a male has
three discal lines on each elytron, but they are fairly distinct
only towards the base; but the apical joint of the maxillary
palpi of both sexes is conspicuously longer than the penulti- ©
mate, whilst in the male it is of such a curious shape that
had the type been of that sex Blackburn could scarcely have
avoided describing it.
There is still another species, rwficollis, Macl., whose
female would be referred to Subsection II., but its male has
bifid claws, and both sexes have entirely pale femora.
CoPpiDITA MARITIMA, Ni. sp.
3. Black, with a dull bluish gloss; head (except for
a large oval median spot and the tips of the mandibles),
prothorax (except for a large frontal blotch), part of
scutellum, labial palpi, and parts of legs flavous; four apical
joints of antennae (and sometimes others) also pale. Densely
clothed with short, whitish, depressed pubescence.
Head with several vague impressions; with rather small
but sharply-defined and somewhat irregularly-distributed
punctures ; mandibles bifid. Antennae long and thin, eleventh
300
joint no longer than tenth,’ and semidouble. Prothorazx
slightly longer than wide, widest at about apical third, thence
rather strongly narrowed to base, which has an upturned
edge, and is distinctly incurved to middle; with a vague
depression towards each side in front; punctures somewhat
ason head. E#lytra distinctly wider than prothorax, each with
four lightly-raised discal costae; with dense and small sub-
asperate punctures. Length (d, 9), 10-16 mm.
Q. Differs in being wider, tip of abdomen evenly
rounded instead of lightly notched, and legs and antennae
somewhat shorter.
-Hab.—New South Wales: Sydney (H. J. Carter and
A. M. Lea), Eden (Carter), Wollongong (Lea); Victoria:
Flinders (Carter), Gippsland (W. Kershaw), Inverlock (J.
Searle); Tasmania: Georgetown (Carter), Ulverstone (Lea) ;
South Australia: Robe (B. A. Feuerheerdt). Type, I. 6743.
Common on sea-beaches, just above high-water mark,
at night. Allied to puncta and macleayi, but prothorax with
consistently very different markings; the black portion (except
on a few specimens when it is not quite solid) being in one
piece, not in two as in puncta, or in three as in macleayt.
There is generally a dark spot close to each eye on the under-
surface of the head, and a transverse blackish stripe in front
of the front coxae, the knees, tarsi, and tips of tibiae (the
greater portion of the front ones) are usually blackish. The
blotch on the pronotum sometimes extends completely across
the apex, but often has a sinuate outline there; its posterior
edge usually has a bilobed median portion extended beyond
the lateral parts ; but on many specimens it has small irregular
flavous spots; on an occasional specimen it almost entirely
covers the pronotum; the suture is often narrowly paler
than the rest of the elytra, and on some specimens there is
an obscurely diluted vitta extending almost the whole length
of each elytron near the suture. On one specimen from
Sydney there is a wide pale sutural space from the base to
near the apex, but with a short dark vitta close to the suture
on each side of the base; another specimen from Sydney
(in Mr. Carter’s collection) has the elytra pale, except for a
narrow vitta extending from each shoulder to the apex (where
the two are conjoined), its prothoracic blotch is in two parts
(narrowly connected posteriorly), and five of the terminal
joints of its antennae are pale; the clothing of its suture also
appears conspicuously paler than that on the adjacent parts.
CoPIDITA FUSCICOLLIS, Nn. sp.
g. Flavous, elytra (except for part of suture), knees,
tibiae, and tarsi black or blackish, antennae (two basal joints
301
excepted), palpi, tips of mandibles, and pronotum more or less
deeply infuscated. Moderately clothed with short, depressed,
pale pubescence.
Head wide and lightly concave in front; about base with
dense and moderately large punctures, smaller and sparser
elsewhere; mandibles bifid. Eyes rather large and deeply
notched. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint scarcely
longer than tenth, and not semidouble. Prothoraz slightly
longer than wide, widest near apex, base slightly incurved
to middle and narrowly upturned; with three moderately
large discal impressions: one towards each side in front, and
one in middle towards base; with coarse and rather dense >
punctures, denser and smaller on dilated parts than else-
where. Flytra distinctly wider than prothorax; each with
four lightly-elevated discal costae; densely granulate-punctate.
Length (3d, 9), 12-15 mm.
@. Differs in being somewhat wider, eyes slightly
smaller, legs and antennae not quite so long, and tip of
abdomen strongly convex and not notched. |
Hab.—South Australia (Australian Museum): Murray
River (H. 8. Cope). Type (¢), I. 6658, in South Australian
Museum ; co-types (9 9), 38387, in Australian Museum.
The elytra are coloured as on many specimens of puncta,
but the irregularly-clouded prothorax (on which the impres-
sions are different and punctures denser) and immaculate
head readily distinguish it from that species. The prothoracic
punctures are considerably coarser than on maritima, and
there are many other differences in sculpture and colour. The
elytra have a vague bluish gloss, the pale sutural portion
commences very narrowly near the base, and shghtly dilates
to near the apex, near which it rather suddenly terminates.
On one of the specimens in the Australian Museum each
shoulder has an obscure flavous vitta. The infuscation of the
pronotum appears to be formed by four very obscurely-defined
longitudinal vittae or blotches.
CoPpIDITA MIRA, Nn. Sp.
Pl... xii.5-fig. 53. oar
dg. Flavous; sides of prothorax, elytra (suture ex-
cepted), abdomen, knees, tips of mandibles, and parts of palpi
more or less black. Closely covered with short, depressed,
whitish pubescence.
Head rather long, convex between eyes, with several
vague depressions in front; with rather dense and: sharply-
defined punctures of moderate size, but becoming smaller and
sparser in front, and almost absent from clypeus; mandibles
bifid. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint scarcely longer
302
than tenth, and conspicuously semidouble. Maxillary palpi
with the apical joint large and thick, its outer side incurved,
inner side oblique and angled, and apex conspicuously in-
curved and hollow. Prothorax distinctly longer than wide,
sides moderately inflated near apex, base distinctly upturned ;
with crowded and sharply defined, but somewhat asperate
punctures. Hlytra conspicuously wider than prothorax; each
with four rather conspicuous discal costae; densely granulate-
punctate. Tip of abdomen deeply bisinuate. Length (¢, 9),
8-12 mm. ©
Q. Differs in having the apical joint of the maxillary
palpi much smaller, with the apex obliquely truncate and
outer side not incurved, the tip of the abdomen rather
strongly produced and not bisinuate, and the legs and
antennae somewhat shorter.
Hab.—Lord Howe Island; New South Wales: Sydney
(A. M. Lea), Gosford (H. J. Carter); Northern Queensland
(Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 6584.
The palpi of the male are very different to those of any
other species known to me. The claws are not simple, as each
has a distinct subdentiform basal swelling, but they are cer-
tainly not “strongly toothed,” as in Blackburn’s third sub-
section of the genus; they are, in fact, almost exactly as on -
baldiensis, given as a “‘typical’’ Copidita. The spots on the
pronotum are elongate, with a rounded outline internally, at
their greatest width each occupies from one-fourth to one-
third the median width, the pale sutural portion varies from
very narrow to about three interstices on each elytron; the
two apical joints of the palpi are blackish, but the tip of the
apical joint is more or less widely flavous; the tibiae and
tarsi are usually partly infuscated, and on one specimen there
are some vague infuscations on the head; on one specimen
from Sydney, and on another from Northern Queensland, the
abdomen is entirely pale. There are no distinct depressions
on the pronotum, but the surface is gently undulating.
CoPIDITA INTEROCULARIS, ND. sp.
g. Flavous and black. Closely covered with short,
depressed, whitish pubescence.
Head moderately convex between eyes, a shallow depres-
sion in front; with small and rather sparse punctures; man-
dibles bifid. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint no
longer than tenth and feebly semidouble. Prothoraz slightly
longer than wide, sides somewhat dilated near apex, base
narrowly upturned, witn a fairly large medio-basal impres-
sion, and a vague depression towards each side in front;
‘punctures dense and sharply defined but small, becoming
303
smaller and sparser in front. Elytra distinctly. wider than
prothorax ; each with four feeble discal costae or remnants of
same; densely and rather finely granulate-punctate. Length
(ig) 2), 8-11 mm. ;
©. Differs in being somewhat wider, appendages
slightly shorter, and tip of abdomen rounded instead of
slightly notched. |
Hab.—Lord Howe Island (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 6585.
In general appearance close to the preceding species, and
belonging to the same section of the genus, but elytral suture
not pale, the head maculate, the metasternum dark, and the
palpi normal. Pwuncta (also with a maculate head) is a more
_ polished species, with coarser punctures, elytral suture con-
spicuously pale, prothoracic spots differently placed, and with
many other differences. The prothoracic spots are much as
on some specimens of Owacis australis, but the mandibles are
bifid. In some respects it is close to C’. litoralis, but the head
has an isolated spot, the labrum is pale, the prothoracic
spots are different, and the basal joints of the antennae are
not longitudinally divided in colour. The flavous parts are
the head (except for a rounded interocular spot), prothorax
(except for a fairly large rounded spot on each side in front,
and the prosternum in front of the front coxae), and the legs
(except for the knees and parts of the tibiae and tarsi, these
being more or less deeply infuscated) ; from two to five of the
apical joints of antennae are more or less conspicuously
diluted with red; the elytra have a vague bluish or greenish
gloss; the abdomen of the male is transversely red at the
tip, of the female longitudinally red.
CoPIDITA OBLONGICOLLIS, N. sp.
gd. Reddish-flavous; elytra dark metallic-blue; head
with a wide median space, a spot on each side near front
of prothorax, mesosternum, metasternum, abdomen (tip
excepted), tips of mandibles and part of apical joint of palpi
black or infuscated. Clothed with short, depressed, white
pubescence, more noticeable on the suture and elevated lines
on elytra than elsewhere.
Head \ong, flat between eyes and gently concave in front;
with dense but rather small and not very sharply-defined
punctures; mandibles bifid. Eyes rather large, but scarcely
interrupting the general obliquity of the sides. Antennae
moderately long and rather thin, eleventh joint slightly
longer than tenth, and feebly semi-double. Prothorax dis-
tinctly longer than wide, sides feebly dilated to near apex,
apex and base each distinctly incurved to middle, base lightly
upcurved, with a shallow median line, and. a very vague
304
depression towards each side in front; with moderately dense
but small and rather feeble punctures. Hlytra about one-
third wider than prothorax; each with four feeble discal
costae or remnants of same; densely and finely granulate-
punctate or shagreened. Tip of abdomen very feebly notched
Femora rather stouter than usual. Length, 8-9} mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Geraldton (T. Hooper).
Type, I. 6744.
: In general appearance at first glance fairly close to
wnterocularis, but head narrower, with longer eyes, prothorax
considerably longer, elytra with different clothing, and
appendages entirely pale, or at most in places very lightly
infuscated. From litoralis it is still more distinct. The dark
space on the head touches both eyes and extends in front
almost to the clypeus, and at the back a slight distance
beyond the eyes, the spot on each side of the pronotum is
not very large, is somewhat oval in shape and obliquely placed,
with the narrower end inwards. The apical joint of the palpi
is stout and feebly notched near the outer apex, the notch
rendered rather more conspicuous by a few overhanging
setae. There are four males before me, practically identical
in colour and all with the genital armature conspicuous.
’
CoPpIDITA ERYTHRODERES, N. sp.
g. Dark metallic coppery-green or blue; prothorax
reddish-flavous, antennae and scutellum blackish. Moderately
clothed with short, depressed, whitish pubescence; pronotum
almost glabrous.
Head convex at the back, but flattened between eyes;
with dense and sharply-defined but not very large punctures ;
mandibles bifid. Eyes large and almost entire. Antennae
long and thin, eleventh joint scarcely longer than tenth and
lightly semidouble. /Prothorax about as long as wide, sides
moderately inflated near apex, apex evenly rounded, base
gently upturned; with a complete shallow depression across
the disc near apex, and a less regular depression across base ;
punctures somewhat as on head. S#lytra much wider than
prothorax ; each with four discal costae, very distinct towards
base, but becoming rather feeble posteriorly; with crowded
and small but mostly sharply-defined punctures. Length
(3; 2), &1imm: :
Q. Differs in being wider, prothorax lightly transverse,
tip of abdomen gently rounded instead of conspicuously
notched, and antennae and legs somewhat shorter and stouter.
Hab.—Western Australia: Perth (National Museum,
from C. French), Swan River (A. M. Lea), Salt River
(Australian Museum). Type, I. 6745. .
305
The uniformly metallic head and elytra, with reddish,
non-maculate prothorax, will readily distinguish this species
from all others known to me, except dentipes, pulchra, and
appendiculata, from all of which it differs in its larger size
and (except for the front coxae) entirely dark legs. The
apical joint of the palpi is large and with a feeble notch near
the outer apex on both sexes. The transverse depression at
the base of the pronotum is sometimes isolated, but occasion-
ally connected with two feeble medio-discal depressions.
CoPpIDITA APPENDICULATA, N. sp.
Pl, xiii., fig. 54.
So. Blackish and flavous. Clothed with short, sub-
depressed, ashen pubescence.
Head rather strongly convex; about base with dense and
sharply-defined punctures, smaller and sparser elsewhere;
mandibles bifid. Eyes large, prominent, and very feebly
notched. Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint slightly
longer than tenth and simple. Apical joint of maxillary
palpi rather large, outer side distinctly incurved, and at base
with a conspicuous appendix. Prothorazx distinctly longer
than wide, sides rather strongly dilated near apex, base
narrowly upturned, with a fairly large medio-basal depres-
sion, and a smaller and shallower one towards each side in
front; punctures rather small and dense only on sides. Hlytra
about twice as wide as narrowest part of prothorax, with very
vague remnants of discal costae; densely granulate-punctate.
Tip of abdomen wide and very gently bisinuate. Legs long
and thin. Length, 64 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Tweed River (Blackburn’s
collection). Type (unique), I. 6660.
The type (the female probably has simple palpi) has a
conspicuous appendix to the apical joint of the palpi, the
_ appendix being almost as long as the penultimate joint, but
distinctly thinner; it is somewhat as on the male of sloanez,
but the two species are otherwise very different. The flavous
parts are the clypeus, labrum, base of mandibles, and middle
of under-surface of head, prothorax (except for an infuscate
spot on each side at the apical third), scutellum, mesosternum,
part of metasternum, femora, labial, and parts of maxillary
palpi.
CoPIDITA INTERRUPTA, N. sp.
g. Of a dingy pale flavous, with parts infuscated.
Densely clothed with short, depressed, pale pubescence.
Head rather long, obliquely flattened between eyes; with
dense and sharply-defined but not very large punctures;
labrum large, with sharply-defined punctures ; mandibles bifid.
306 __
Eyes large, widely and rather shallowly notched in front.
Antennae long and thin, eleventh joint slightly shorter than
tenth and conspicuously semidouble. Apical joint of maxillary
palpi long, rather thin, and subreniform. Prothorax much
longer than wide, sides rather suddenly inflated near apex,
base narrowly upturned; with crowded and sharply-defined
but rather small punctures. Hlytra much wider than pro-
thorax; each with four conspicuous discal costae, of which
the third is shorter than the others; densely and finely
granulate-punctate or shagreened. First segment of abdomen
small, the fifth strongly bisinuate at apex. Legs long and
thin. Length (d, 2), 11-19 mm.
@. Differs mm being rather more robust, legs and
antennae somewhat shorter, apical joint of palpi somewhat
stouter, and apical segment of abdomen not. bisinuate.
Hab.—Northern Queensland (Blackburn’s collection),
Mackay (National Museum), Port Alma (H. J. Carter),
Brisbane (H.° Hacker’s No. 281, and Dr. A. J. Turner).
Type, I. 6748. |
Structurally fairly close to negronotata, but the average
size considerably larger (it is the largest known Australian
species of the genus) and with very conspicuous markings.
The infuscated parts are the space between and in front of
the eyes, the labrum, tips of mandibles, parts of palpi, apical
portion of each antennal joint, three conspicuous lines on
pronotum (occupying most of its surface), most of elytra,
parts of abdomen, knees, and parts of tibiae and tarsi; the
elytra have a striped appearance owing to the elevated lines
being paler (sometimes very conspicuously so) than the
adjacent parts; they also have two (or three) sutural spaces
that are paler than the other parts, and are bounded in front
and behind by conspicuously dark parts (the surface there hav-
ing a curiously interrupted appearance), one of the pale spaces
is median, subquadrate, and terminated by the first discal
elevation; there is a somewhat similar space between it and
the apex, and the occasional third spot is half-way between
the median one and the base; but on some specimens the
subsutural markings are ill-defined ; on an occasional specimen
the .infuscation extends to the metasternum. The surface of
the pronotum is gently undulating rather than with distinct
impressions; in the male at its narrowest it is only about
half its length.
CoPIDITA ILLOTA, N. sp. ?
9. Of a dingy pale flavous; head between eyes,
antennae, palpi, pronotum, a lateral vitta on each elytron,
knees, and parts of tibiae and of tarsi more or less infuscated.
Densely clothed with short, pale, depressed pubescence. .
307
Head rather large; with dense and sharply-defined but
rather small punctures, less dense between eyes and on
clypeus, and more crowded at base than elsewhere; with a
shallow depression in front; mandibles bifid. Eyes large and
rather widely notched. Antennae long and thin, eleventh
joint slightly shorter than tenth and conspicuously semi-
double. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, apical half with
rounded and dilated sides, base gently incurved to middle and
narrowly upturned; with a vague medio-basal depression and
another towards each side in front, but the whole of the apical
half (except the margin) gently depressed; with crowded and
small but sharply-defined punctures. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax; surface shagreened rather than with distinct
punctures; with vague remnants of discal costae. Apical
segment of abdomen triangularly produced in middle.
Length, 13 mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory: King River, March, 1916
(W. McLennan).’ Type 1 in National Museum.
A dingy species, in general appearance close to Owxacis
lateralis, but with bifid mandibles; from C’. torrida (to which,
however, it is not very close) it differs in being opaque,
prothorax considerably wider and with different punctures,
elytra with but the vaguest remnants of discal costae, and in
many particulars of colour. The pronotum is infuscated
throughout, but the infuscation is less pronounced along
the middle than on the sides, the vitta on each elytron 1s
rather feeble, and extends from the shoulder to slightly
beyond the middle, where it vanishes.
CoPIDITA APICIFUSCA, N. sp.
3. Black or blackish, and flavous. Moderately clothed
with short, depressed, pale pubescence, paler on pronotum
than elsewhere.
Head rather convex; with dense and rather small but
sharply-defined punctures about base, becoming smaller and
sparser elsewhere; mandibles bifid. Hyes large and shallowly
notched in front. Antennae long and very thin, eleventh
joint about as long as tenth and very feebly semidouble.
Prothorax rather elongate, sides gently rounded on apical
half and gently incurved on basal half, base narrowly
upturned; with three shallow discal impressions; punctures
dense and sharply defined but rather small. lytra almost
twice as wide as prothorax at base; each with four feeble
costae, of which the fourth is very feeble and third practically
absent; with small, dense, asperate punctures and shagreened.
Length (3, 9), 74-10 mm.
308
Q. Differs in being somewhat stouter, head slightly
larger, with eyes more widely separated, antennae and legs
somewhat shorter, and tip of abdomen gently rounded instead
of truncate. ,
Hab.—Northern Queensland (— Northcote, in H. J.
Carter’s collection ; H. Hacker’s No. 217): Cairns (E. Allen).
Type, I. 6749.
A rather small, dingy species; in general appearance like
some of the paler species of Oxacis, but with bifid mandibles ;
the male has unusually thin antennae, and they are also very
thin in the female. The prothorax is of a fairly bright
flavous, but the elytra are opaque, paler and dingier, with
the tips infuscated ; the head is black, sometimes diluted with
red between the eyes and with parts of the muzzle and its
appendages obscurely reddish; the antennae vary from deep
black to a rather dingy brown, the legs are mostly deeply
infuscated, with the tibiae and coxae paler than the other
parts, the prosternum and mesosternum are flavous, the rest
of the under-surface more or less blackish.
OXACIS AUSTRALIS (Boi.), Blackb.
There are twenty-five specimens before me of the species
redescribed by Blackburn as Oedemera australis, of Boisduval,
but I cannot find on them any conspicuous external feature
indicative of sex. The abdomen has the apical segment sub-
triangularly produced at its apex, and overhanging this
(from the dorsal surface) is a subtriangular pubescent process,
with its tip circular and truncated (so as to be practically a
pygidium), and at the anal opening there is a hollow space
in which the tip of an oedeagus or the tips of an ovipositor
may occasionally be seen. There are certainly slight differ-
ences in the comparative widths of the apical joint of the
maxillary palpi, and in the depth of its black margin (on
some specimens it is entirely black), and some specimens have
the front tarsi slightly wider than on others, but these are
characters that are useless to prove the sex of a single
specimen.
Var. AURICOMUS, n. var. Seven specimens (from Murray
Bridge, Adelaide, and Yeelanna), and three from Lake
Hattah, in Victoria, differ from the common form in having
the pubescence of the upper-surface conspicuously golden (or
ochreous), except that on the elytral suture it is very narrowly
white; its general shape is also rather narrower. One
(54) In redescribing the species all that Blackburn said of the
clothing was ‘“‘breviter pubescens’; as a matter of fact, on the
typical form it is fairly dense, and as seen under a magnifying
glass (especially on the dark parts) of a snowy-white.
309
specimen has an oedeagus protruding, and another an ovi-
positor, and both have the tip of the apical dorsal segment
exactly as on the typical form.
OxacCIS CAVICEPS, Blackb.
In the description of this species the prothorax was noted
as having ‘‘latitudine majori sat longe pone medium sita,”’
and again as “‘at the widest considerably behind the middle.’’
A female co-type (from Lake Austin) has the greatest width
of the prothorax at the most one-third from the apex, and in
this a second female from Cue agrees with it.
OXACIS LATERALIS, Macl. (formerly A nanca).
’ By the courtesy of Mr. Shewan I have been able to
examine the type of the species ; it is a male, and having simple
jaws it belongs, by the present system of classification, to
Oxacis. There are also other specimens of the species before me
from Cairns and Mackay. The dark parts of the prothorax are
confined to the sides; the dark vittae of the elytra are some-
times confined to the shoulders, but occasionally extend
almost to the tips; the “four obsolete longitudinal lines on
each elytron’’ are sometimes not traceable, and when present
are only distinct about the base; the “‘two large shallow
depressions on the anterior half’’ of the pronotum are much
more distinct-on some specimens than on others. In general
appearance it is strikingly close to wmqwisttor, but is rather
more robust, with the prothorax not widest at the extreme
apex, and with considerably larger and _ sharply-defined
punctures ; the punctures on the head are denser and slightly
larger, but on the elytra they are much the same (as those
of anqwisitor ).
OXACIS CONCAVICEPS, n. sp.
g. Of a rather dingy flavous, with parts more or less
deeply infuscated. Densely clothed with short, depressed,
pale pubescence, less conspicuous on pronotum than elsewhere.
Head, strongly concave from near the base to apex of
clypeus; with small and rather inconspicuous punctures ;
mandibles simple. Antennae rather long and thin, eleventh
joint very slightly longer than tenth, and with scarcely a
trace of doubling. VProthoraz slightly longer than wide, with
three shallow discal impressions; with dense and small but
sharply-defined punctures. Hlytra almost twice the width of
prothorax at base; with very feeble remnants of discal costae ;
surface shagreened. Length (3, 9), 6-9 mm.
Q. Differs in being slightly more robust, apical segment
of abdomen slightly longer, with the tip more rounded, and
in the legs and antennae being slightly shorter.
310
Hab.—North-western Australia (H. J. Carter, from
H. M. Giles): Fortescue River (W. D. Dodd); South Aus-
tralia: Peake (old collection). Type, I. 6661.
With the head longitudinally concave as in caviceps, but
the elytra opaque, with much smaller punctures (they are so
small and asperate that the surface appears shagreened), the
costae feeble and traceable only about base, and the pale
markings (when present) bounded by costae; the lateral vittae
of the prothorax are also much less pronounced or absent.
There is usually a conspicuous infuscation between the eyes;
on the pronotum there is a distinct but not very sharply-
defined median infuscate vitta, and the sides are lightly (if
at all) infuscated; the elytra are usually rather deeply
infuscated), with a conspicuously paler (but not sharply
defined) patch occupying a fairly wide sutural space, from
about the basal fourth to beyond the middle, thence becoming
narrowly sutural; most of the abdomen is infuscated, the tips
of the mandibles are black. On one specimen the median
vitta of the pronotum is represented only by remnants at the
base and apex; on the Peake specimen the pale portion of
the elytra is more conspicuous than usual. Two specimens in
Mr. Carter’s collection probably belong to this species, their
elytral markings to a certain extent are suggestive of those of
Comdita bipartita, but they differ from Champion’s descrip- -
tion in having the mandibles simple, elytra with the costae
not ‘‘rather sharp,’’ and in some particulars of colour.
OXACIS MAJORINA, N. Sp.
¢. Of a pale and rather dingy flavous or stramineous,
elytra very vaguely infuscated towards the sides and pos-
teriorly; tips of mandibles black. Rather densely clothed
with short and somewhat golden, depressed pubescence.
Head lightly convex about base, widely and rather
shallowly concave in front; with dense and sharply-defined
but small punctures, becoming rather sparse in front;
mandibles simple. Eyes large, lightly incurved in front.
Antennae long and thin. Prothorax scarcely longér than the
greatest width, sides gently dilated from near base to near
apex, base narrowly upturned, with three feeble discal
impressions; with crowded and small but rather sharply-
defined punctures. Hlytra considerably wider than base of
prothorax; with scarcely visible remnants of discal costae,
surface finely shagreened. Length, 114-124 mm.
Hab.—North-western Australia: Fortescue River (W. D.
Dodd). Type, I. 6742.
With the concave head of the preceding species and of
caviceps; from the former it differs in being larger, prothorax
311
conspicuously wider, with the vaguest remnants of depressions,
and elytra very vaguely infuscated; from caviceps it differs
in its wider prothorax, less conspicuous elytral costae, and
absence of conspicuous markings. In general appearance it is_
much like inqwisitor and lateralis, but the concave face is at
once distinctive from those species. Mr. Dodd took three
specimens, but the apical joint of the antennae is missing
from each of them.
OXACIS CALOPTERA, N. sp.
BY. xill., fig, 28.
Flavous, three apical segments of abdomen infuscated ;
elytra with sharply-defined blackish markings, tips of man-
dibles black. Rather densely clothed with pale, depressed
pubescence.
_Head widely concave from base almost to apex; punc-
tures inconspicuous; mandibles simple. Antennae long and
thin, eleventh joint slightly longer than tenth, and with
scarcely a trace of doubling. Prothorazx distinctly longer than
wide, sides moderately dilated about apex, base bilobed and
lightly upturned, with three feeble discal impressions; with
dense and small but rather sharply-defined punctures, sparser
about middle than elsewhere. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax; with feeble remnants of costae; surface shag-
reened. Length, 74-9 mm.
Hab.—North-western Australia: Ashburton River.
Type in National Museum, from C. French; co-type, I. 6750,
in South Australian Museum.
With the concave head of the two preceding species and
of caviceps, but with sharply-defined and apparently distinc-
‘tive elytral markings, on the type these are in three parts: a
portion occupying about one-fifth of the base, with a jagged
_ posterior outline, and two portions narrowly separated by the
suture, and occupying on each side about one-half of the
length of the elytra, and near the suture about one-third of
their length. A second specimen has elytral markings exactly
as on the type, but with the head infuscated between the
eyes, and with traces of a median prothoracic vitta. As the
apical segment of the abdomen is rather long, with the tip
rounded, and as no genitalia are protruding from either,
they are probably females.
OXACIS APICICOLLIS, n. sp.
Of a pale dingy flavous, some parts infuscated. Rather
densely clothed with short, depressed, pale pubescence.
Head gently convex ; with dense and small punctures, but
sparser between eyes than elsewhere; mandibles simple. Eyes
312
large, shallowly notched in front. Antennae long and thin,
eleventh joint the length of tenth and obscurely semidouble.
Prothorax about as long as wide, sides rather strongly
obliquely dilated from near base to near apex, and then
gently rounded, apex distinctly incurved to middle, base
incurved to middle and narrowly upturned, with a vague
medio-basal depression, and one towards each side in front;
with moderately dense, shallow, subasperate punctures, but
becoming sharply defined on sides. lytra much wider than
base of prothorax; each with four rather feeble discal costae ;
with dense and fine punctures or shagreened. Length,
11-14 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Raine Island and Claudie River
(J. A. Kershaw). Type in National Museum; co-type,
I. 6751, in South Australian Museum.
Nearer to wnquisitor than to any other species known to
me, but consistently larger, prothorax and head much wider,
and colour and punctures different ; from lateralis it is at once
distinguished by its punctures. Mr. Kershaw took three
specimens, of which one with a narrower prothorax than the
others has been made the type, it is probably a male; the
others are certainly females, and differ from it in being
stouter, prothorax more dilated to apex (where the width is
slightly more than the length), abdomen more convex and
legs and antennae shorter; on the type the antennae extend
to the tips of the elytra, on the others they end some distance
before the tips. Most of the upper-surface of the head is
deeply infuscated, there is a conspicuous but somewhat
irregular median infuscate vitta on the pronotum, and the
sides are also infuscated, on the elytra the infuscation is
lateral (but not marginal), and is more pronounced on the
shoulders than posteriorly; parts of the abdomen and meta-
sternum and the knees are lightly infuscated.
OXACIS VITTIPENNIS, N. sp.
3d. Pale flavous; an infuscate stain between eyes, pro-
thorax with a median infuscate vitta touching apex but not
base, each side with a vitta touching neither base nor
apex, each elytron with two long infuscate vittae, abdomen
and metasternum infuscated in parts. Moderately densely
‘clothed with short, depressed, whitish pubescence.
Head gently convex ; with crowded and small but mostly
sharply-defined punctures ; mandibles simple. Eyes widely and
shallowly notched. Antennae rather long and thin, eleventh
joint the length of tenth and obscurely semidouble. /Pro-
thorax slightly longer than greatest width, sides rather
strongly dilated from near base to near apex, and then gently
313
rounded, base narrowly upturned, with a fairly conspicuous
medio-basal depression, and a very vague one towards eacl:
side in front; punctures small and rather dense on sides,
sparser and less defined on disc. Hlytra at base not much
wider than apex of prothorax, with vague remnants of costae
only at base; punctures small and asperate. Length,
9-11 mm. 3
Hab.—Queensland: Chillagoe and Ingham (H. J. Carter,
from C. French). Type, I. 6662.
Structurally fairly close to inquisitor, but more shining,
the elytra conspicuously striped, and prothorax not quite the
same at apex. The stripes on each elytron are as follows :—
1. A pale sutural one gradually narrowed to the apex. 2. An
infuscate one, becoming feeble (on one specimen interrupted)
close to its starting point, but then quite distinct to apex.
3. A pale one becoming wider to the base, where it joins in
with the first. 4. An infuscate one rather wide on the
shoulder and narrowed to its tip, where (on two of the three
specimens before me) it joins in with the second. 5. A pale
marginal one. On one specimen, however, the fourth stripe
is longitudinally divided towards its apex, so that there, there
appear to be four pale and three infuscate stripes.
OXACIS PICTICEPS, n. sp.
PE xi he. 29:
g. Black or blackish, some parts flavous. Densely
clothed with short, depressed, whitish and ashen pubescence.
Head gently convex between eyes, vaguely depressed in
front; with rather small and sharply-defined but not very
dense punctures ; mandibles simple. Antennae long and thin,
eleventh joint distinctly longer than tenth and lhghtly semi-
double. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, sides evenly
dilated from base to near apex, and then gently rounded,
base very feebly upturned; with three feeble depressions ;
with dense and rather sharply-defined but small punctures,
sparser in middle than elsewhere. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax; with feeble remnants of costae, and with small,
crowded punctures. Length (¢, 9), 6-84 mm.
@. Differs in being shghtly stouter, prothorax somewhat
shorter, eyes not quite so prominent, apical segment of
abdomen longer with its tip more produced, legs and
antennae shorter, and apical joint of palpi smaller.
Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (H. S. Cope);
Victoria: Birchip (J, C. Goudie’s No. 403). Type, I. 6663.
A small species with elytra very distinctly marked (alike
on the three specimens under examination). The head is
314
flavous, but with a wide median vitta extending from the
base to the labrum (with the membranous space before the
labrum pale), on its under-surface there are three longitudinal
infuscate vittae; on the pronotum there is an obscurely
diluted median line, and on two specimens some obscure marks
about the base, on each elytron the suture about the base is
narrowly pale, and then from about the basal third close beside
(but not on) the suture there is a narrow vitta, which at about
the apical fourth is suddenly dilated and continued ‘till it
vanishes near the apex, there is another narrow ‘pale vitta,
commencing at the middle of the base, and terminated slightly
after the commencement of the subsutural vitta; the coxae
and femora (except the knees) are also pale. The specimen
from Birchip is not so dark as the others.
ISCHNOMERA SUBLINEATA, Waterh.
An abundant species on flowers in summer in many parts
of Tasmania, and also to be taken in New South Wales and
Victoria.
Var. MONTICOLA, n. var. Several specimens from Mount
Kosciusko (taken by Mr. Helms between 5,700-6,000 feet)
have the elytra with a more or less conspicuous purplish
gloss, the prothoracic foveae deeper than usual, and the head
with a conspicuously depressed space in front semicircularly
terminated posteriorly between the eyes.
CERAMBYCIDAE.
ORICOPIS INTERCOXALIS, N. sp.
Blackish-brown; parts of legs paler, tubercles glossy-
black. Closely covered with extremely short grey or greenish-
grey pubescence; head, antennae, tibiae, tarsi, and tip of
abdomen with straggling whitish hairs.
Head with median line very feeble in front, but distinct
towards base; with conspicuous but not dense punctures in
front. Antennae passing elytra, fourth joint almost twice
the length of third or fifth. Prothorax with a strong conical
tubercle on each side, with two strong conjoined tubercles
on each side of middle, and with a small one in middle towards
base; with scattered punctures, similar to those between eyes.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, tips obliquely truncated,
with short basal rows of glossy tubercles; with irregularly-
distributed punctures, fairly large and numerous on basal
half. Prosternum with a conspicuous glossy-tipped tubercle
between the coxae; a smaller one (projecting obliquely for-
wards) between the middle coxae. Length, 13-14 mm.
\ 315
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea), Little
Mulgrave River (H. Hacker). Type, I. 6157.
‘Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
conspicuous projection between the front coxae. On each of
the three specimens before me there are some straggling hairs
near the tips of the elytra, but they are very few in number,
and much less conspicuous than on setepennis; the clothing of
the under-surface is uniform. In some lights and from
certain directions the elytral pubescence has a vague purplish
gloss. Of the conjoined tubercles on each side of the middle of
_ the pronotum, the posterior one of each pair is almost exactly
half-way between the base and apex, more conical and higher
than the other, the median one towards the base is small but
quite distinct. The tubercles are in two series on each elytron,
the first (usually composed of five) commences in the middle
of the base and curves round, so that if continued it would
meet its fellow at the basal third, the other series is more
irregular, composed of smaller tubercles, commences on the
shoulder, and is also somewhat curved ; on two specimens there
is a vague longitudinal elevation on each elytron, and the
scutellum is feebly depressed along the middle.
ORICOPIS SETIPENNIS, Nn. Sp.
Blackish, some parts blackish-brown; parts of legs paler,
tubercles glossy-black. Closely covered with short, greyish
pubescence, appearing somewhat variegated on under-.
surface; elytra with fairly numerous, long, white, erect
setae or hairs.
Head with median line distinct towards base but scarcely
traceable in front; with fairly numerous punctures between
eyes. Antennae passing elytra, fourth joint about once and
one-half the leneth of third or fifth. Prothorax with tubercles
somewhat as in preceding species; with numerous distinct but
somewhat irregularly-distributed punctures. Scutellum dis-
tinctly impressed along middle. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, tips gently rounded, on basal third with glossy,
rounded tubercles of various sizes; with moderately large and
dense punctures, becoming small and sparse posteriorly.
Mesosternum with a small obtuse tubercle between coxae.
Length, 10-124 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
T. 6156.
Structurally nearer guttatus than any other species, but
elytra very differently clothed. Of the two specimens in the
Museum the larger one has lost its abdomen ; its general colour
is somewhat paler than that of the type, and its legs (parts of
316
femora excepted) are distinctly reddish; on the type.only
parts of the tarsi are reddish. The pubescence of the under-
surface has a somewhat variegated appearance, but this is
due mostly. to its disposition ; on the metasternum it is dense
near the sides and sparser (but not altogether wanting)
elsewhere, on the abdomen it is rather dense at the sides
(except for a glabrous spot on each side of each of the four
basal segments) but is very sparse elsewhere; on the abdomen
of guttatus, although somewhat the same in kind, a consider-
ably larger space on each side is densely clothed, and the
middle is conspicuously glabrous. The tubercles on each side
of the disc of the pronotum are more obtuse than on the
preceding species, and appear more as points of an elevated
ridge than as conjoined tubercles, the posterior one is slightly
nearer the base than the apex, and slightly gearer
the lateral one than the one in the middle towards the
base. On each elytron there is a curved row of glossy tubercles
commencing with some small ones in the middle of the base,
and ending in some larger and more obtuse ones (almost the
size of the scutellum) at the basal third; on each shoulder
there are numerous small, glossy tubercles, and between these
and the median row there is a straggling row that commences
at the base and ends beyond the middle, the row consisting
of from seven to nine tubercles.
_ ORICOPIS MACULIVENTRIS, 0. sp.
Dark brown; palpi and parts of other appendages more
or less reddish, tubercles glossy-blackish. Closely covered
with very short greyish or somewhat stramineous pubescence,
conspicuously variegated with patches and spots of ochreous.
Head with median line distinct throughout; punctures
more or less concealed. Antennae considerably passing
elytra, fourth joint somewhat curved, about once and one-
third the length of third, the latter slightly longer than fifth.
Prothorax about as long as wide, sides strongly bisinuate,
with a conspicuous swelling (not a conical tubercle) in middle;
each side of middle of disc with two conspicuous subconical
tubercles; punctures fairly numerous, but in parts concealed.
Scutellum longitudinally impressed. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, tips obliquely truncated ; each side of base with a
curved row of small tubercles, and a few still smaller ones on
shoulders; with numerous distinct punctures, becoming small
and sparse posteriorly. MJesosternwm with an obtuse swelling
between coxae. Length, 16 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (AS M.. Lea).
Type (unique), I. 6155.
O17
The brighter coloured pubescence forms a conspicuous
vertical stripe on each side of the head from an antenna to
the tip ; occupies the space between the four discal tubercles of
the pronotum, and is continued almost to its base; is very
irregularly disposed in spots and patches on the elytra, of
which it occupies about one-third (or less) of the surface;
forms a conspicuous round spot on each side of the meta-
sternum; a spot on each side of the four basal segments of
abdomen (diminishing in size posteriorly) ; one on each of the
four hind femora, and a feeble one on each of the front
tibiae. The tubercles on each side of the disc of the pronotum
are fairly close together, but not conjoined as on others of
the genus, and the swelling on each side is much more obtuse
than on those species. The curved row of tubercles on each
elytron commences, in the middle of the base, with a small
subconical one, and ends with a small round one at the basal
fourth ; on the right side it consists of six and on the left of
five tubercles; the humeral elevations are so small that they
should be regarded as granules.
The typical species of the genus, wmbrosa, is unknown to
me; the present species differs from its description in its very
different clothing, and isolated prothoracic tubercles; inter-
coxalis in having a conspicuous projection between the front
coxae as well as a somewhat smaller one between the middle
pair; setipennis has a conspicuous medio-basal tubercle on the
prothorax, the elytra with tubercles not as described and with
numerous scattered white setae or hairs; and guttatus has
four conspicuous white spots on the elytra. These may be
tabulated as follows :—
With a conspicuous projection between front coxae intercoxalis
Without such.
Pronotum without a median tubercle towards
base Ege kN Fie SN ole bh. v ct leo J axle MACULLOENETES
Pronotum with such.
Elytra with four conspicuous white spots... guttatus
nen se Ne me OS us «Setipennis
BRACHACIPTERA, Nl. g.
Head short; labrum membranous. Eyes rather large,
reniform, widely separated, semicircularly notched, rather
finely faceted. Antennae long and thin, not spinose. Palpi
rather small. Prothoraz slightly longer than wide, sides
obtusely armed, incurved near apex and base. Scutellum
rather large. Hlytra at base much wider than prothorax,
suddenly and strongly narrowed from base to about middle,
and then thin and almost parallel-sided to apex. Metaster-
num prominent. Adbomen considerably below level of meta-
sternum, rather thin, not covered by elytra, intercoxal process
318
narrow, subtriangular, and vertical. Legs long and thin, hind
tibiae dilated. | |
I cannot find that this genus has been previously named
or recorded from Australia or New Guinea; its nearest ally
appears to be Mecynopus, from which it differs in having the
elytra strongly narrowed from the inner, as well as from the
outer, side (much as in Agapete),; the sculpture of the outer
discal parts are much as on some species of Macrones, but the
eyes are notched. The four front coxae and their cavities are
much as on Mecynopus, the eyes are larger, the upper portion
conspicuously so, but the facets are slightly smaller. Type
of genus, tebralis. ;
BRACHACIPTERA TIBIALIS, Nn. sp.
Blackish; elytra watery flavous, but a ridge from each
shoulder to the narrow part, and the whole of the latter deeply
infuscated, four front femora pale castaneous, but extreme
base almost white, front tibiae castaneous on basal third,
middle only near base, rest of four front legs black, hind
femora almost white on basal half, basal half of tibiae and two
basal joints of tarsi not much darker, rest of hind legs deeply
infuscated:; antennae deeply infuscated, but two basal joints
and lower parts of several following ones castaneous. Moder-
ately clothed with whitish pubescence, becoming almost black
in places, head and prothorax in addition with rather long,
dark hairs; elytra more sparsely clothed than rest of upper-
surface.
Head with deep crowded punctures, but becoming sparse
on clypeus, where the derm is shining; longitudinal impres-
sion deep only between antennae. Antennae passing abdomen
for a short distance, first joint slightly shorter than third, third
and fourth subequal, fifth and sixth longer, seventh-tenth
slightly decreasing in length, eleventh slightly longer than
tenth. Prothorax circularly constricted near apex, the sub-
basal constriction not continuous across prosternum ; with a
subconical tubercle on each side and four obtuse swellings on
disc (of these two are in the middle and two slightly behind
them, but nearer to the median ones than to each other) ; with
crowded punctures somewhat as on head. JLlytra about once
and one-half the width of prothorax, from about the middle
each about half the width of head between antennae, base
strongly trisinuate, shoulders prominent; disc coarsely shag-
reened, outer portion elevated and with coarse punctures,
apical half with dense and rather small punctures. Front
- legs long, but hardly more than half the length of the others ;
hind tibiae with apical two-fifths somewhat flat, conspicuously
dilated and clothed with black pubescence. Length, 9-11 mm.
319
Hab.—Queensland: Mount Tambourine (W. W. Frog-
gatt). Type, I. 7808.
A very interesting insect.
BRACHACIPTERA AURICOMA, Nl. Sp.
Castaneous ; head, antennae (two basal joints excepted),
sterna, abdomen (the ‘base almost white), and tarsi more or
less deeply infuscated, elytra paler but infuscated outwardly,
hind femora paler on basal half. Head, prothorax, and
scutellum densely clothed with short, golden, suberect pubes-
cence, similar pubescence elsewhere but sparser, the elytra
very sparsely clothed. Length, 9-95 mm.
Hab.—Northern Guecusland "(Blackburn’s collection) :
Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type, I. 7809.
Close to the preceding species but differently clothed and
somewhat different in colour, head with denser and finer
punctures, antennae slightly stouter, lateral tubercles of pro-
thorax very obtuse and the discal ones smaller, pale portion
of elytra not shagreened but with small scattered punctures,
incurvature between each shoulder and scutellum much less
pronounced, middle legs scarcely longer than front ones, and
hind tibiae less strongly inflated towards apex. On a second
specimen the pubescence is less conspicuously golden than on
the type.
CHRYSOMELIDAE.
HALTICORCUS, n. g.
Head rather small, face vertical. Eyes rather large and
moderately faceted. Antennae moderately long, bases close
together, six basal joints rather thin, the following five stout.
Maxillary palpi not very long, apical joint acute, subapical
subquadrate. Prothorax very widely transverse, non-sulcate,
lateral margins very narrow. Scutellum small. LHlytra very
little longer than wide, sides strongly rounded; epipleurae
wide, convex near base, concave at base itself and posteriorly,
terminated near apex. Legs short and stout; front coxal
cavities widely open behind; tibiae armed at apex with a
feeble simple mucro; tarsi short, first and fourth joints sub-
equal in length, claws each with a large basal appendix.
The apportionment of species to the genera of Halticides
tabled by Blackburn (ante, 1876, pp. 40, 41) requires that at
least one specimen of every species shall be broken, as the
leading character of that table (the front coxal cavities) is
of such a nature that the prothorax must be separated from
the mesothorax (and usually a front leg must be pulled out)
to see the cavities at all clearly. This I have done with the
present species, and in that table it would be placed in AA,
' 320
BB, CC, DD, E (the armature is small and traceable with
difficulty on most specimens), F, G (on unbroken specimens
the mesosternum appears to be hidden, but on breaking one,
a narrow flange-like portion on each side that at first appears
to be part of the intercoxal process of the metasternum is
really seen to belong to the mesosternum ; this is also the case
with Sphaerophyma simon), H, I, J; this brings us to Sutrea
and Phyllotreta, to the species of which genera it is palpably
widely different. I believe its correct position to be close to
Sphaerophyma, and that the position of that genus in the
table is due to faulty observation of its front coxal cavities
and mesosternum. The species described below is hemi-
sphaerical and in general appearance is strikingly close to
Orcus (in my private collection I had two unset specimens
standing for years as belonging to Orcus), but, of course, with
the under-parts visible its subfamily is at once evident. It
is one of the finest and most distinct species of the subfamily.
HALTICORCUS PLATYCERIT, Nh. Sp.
Bright metallic-blue (or green); head blackish with a
flavous spot on forehead, elytra with four flavous spots, legs
black or blackish, coxae, claw joint, and under-surface
flavous, antennae with the apical and five basal joints
flavous, the others black.
Head with very minute punctures; distance between
antennae scarcely more than the encircling edges of their
sockets. Antennae extending to abdomen, first joint about as
long as the four following combined, second stouter but scarcely
longer than third, fourth-sixth subequal, seventh moderately
transverse, eighth-tenth more strongly so, eleventh distinctly
longer than tenth, its apex subconical. Prothoraz more than
thrice the width of the median length, which 1s considerably
more than that of the sides, with a shallow depression adjacent
to margin; with sparse and minute punctures. lytra with
strongly rounded sides and shoulders, widest at about basal
third, with very small punctures. Hind femora fully twice
the width of the middle pair. Length, 34-35 mm.
Hab.— Queensland; New South Wales: Sydney, eating
stag-horn ferns, Platyceriwm grande (W. W. Froggatt).
Type, I. 7621.
' The scutellum is pale, but not so pale as the elytral spots;
of these the first on each elytron is round and basal, distinctly
nearer the suture than side, the other is median and trans-
verse, bilobed (sometimes acutely so) in front and oblique
behind. The elytral punctures are very small, but in some
lights and from certain directions they appear to be in feeble
rows ; there is, however, a fairly distinct row near each margin,
321
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PuatE XII,
Fig 1. Cicindela antiqua, Lea.
4 2. Laius miraculus, Lea.
a 3. »» ™mirocerus, Lea.
- 4, Atractocerus tasmaniensis, Lea, with wings re-
moved.
“7 5. iat victoriensis, Blackb., antenna.
6. = 93 ts apical joints
of palpus.
.. i Polyplocotes perforatus, Lea, head and antennae.
- 8. He fe % 5, from side; A,
perforation through head; B, tip of mandible.
Prats XIII,
Fig. 9. ... Laius apicicollis, Lea, elytral pattern.
. 10. », méelanoderes, Lea, elytral pattern.
ve LY », flavonotatus, Lea, elytral pattern.
AS 12,138 », ammophilus, Lea, elytral pattern.
if al ,5, acervatus, Lea, elytral pattern.
, Beams... », stenotarsus, Lea, elytral pattern.
ie es. as » concavifrons, Lea, elytral pattern.
_ tz; » filamentarius, Lea, elytral pattern.
> 18. », flavifrons, Lea, elytral pattern.
= aD. ,, aulacophoroides, Lea, elytral pattern.
2 20. » varregatus, Blackb., elytral pattern.
* 7 a », pretiosus, Blackb., elytral pattern.
i / » eyrensis, Blackb., elytral pattern.
A woe 2k. » quinquenotatus, Fairm., Var. 2, elytral
pattern.
at 24. ... Copidita mgronotata, Boh., elytral pattern.
bet cao, 26. a languida, Blackb., elytral pattern.
ae “3 sloanei, Blackb., elytral pattern.
as 28. ... Oxacis caloptera, Lea, elytral pattern.
of | », picticeps, Lea, elytral pattern.
¥ 30. ... Laius mirocerus, Lea, prothorax from in front.
a ahs 5, aprcicollis, Lea, prothorax from the side.
32, 33. », meélanoderes, Lea, basal joints of an-
tennae. (55)
ns 34, 35. » flavonotatus, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
m 36, 37. », acervatus, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
sy oe », stenotarsus, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
re i ee » concavifrons, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
. ae », filamentarius, Lea, basal joints of an-
tennae.
x 4], 42. », Havifrons, Lea, basal joints of antennae.
oie 43, 44. ,, aulacophoroides, Lea, basal joints of an-
tennae.
3 45, 46. », pretiosus, Blackb., basal joints of an-
tennae.
ra 47, 48. » eyrensis, Blackb., basal joints of antennae.
be 49, 50. 5, Quinguenotatus, Fairm., basal joints of
antennae.
Ie Be
(55) The basal joints of the antennae of the males of Laius vary in
apparent shape from almost every point of view.
L
ae
Piaget ai sae. Copidita sloaner, Blackb., palpi.
ie ah See af mira, Lea, palpi.
4b uomeen i appendiculata, Lea, palpi.
‘Prate XIV. Se
Markings of right elytra of—
Figs.. 55-59.. Mordella. australis (Boi.), Lea.
mn 60-65. > + elegans, Waterh.
jy) RR TO cobs Se ae felicts Waterh.
Re kk Ales . hamatilis, Macl.
i ieee ey Sp.
ie 09, wes of yy). Letecosticta,.Germ,,: var.
Ns OU) 5.5 4 multiguttata, Waterh. cy Ver.
. 1 Ne RES eg Re _nigrans, Macl..
3 BSA a. oe 18-maculata, Lea, var.
be Bay fe ovalisticta, Macl.
a 85-90. os promiscua, Er.
iy 91, 92.6 -" °5°* « Gonspecta, Lea.
5) OBI I Rs! Chrysophoray ae
3 94, te, <5" watticollts, Lea.
- His Sala aad pygidialis, Lea.
~ PratE XV.
Mar iis of right elytra of—
BOBS on Ss ‘Mordella auronotata, Lea.
i 98. ch ota ae a anna ale Lea.
a 9900 ae tn yy... smetasternalis, Lea.
ty 100-102. tix, .. alphabetica, Lea.
», ‘103-105 tye tol norfolcensis, Lea.
ye lB -notatipennis, Lea.
a ae ac ee advpata, Lea.
5h cop a0 oct ae calopasa, Lea.
39 loon ty he a! OO reget: ame
19. 2 LN oe ad oes Ua ayn OOM ee
» L18-115..... :--5,;, -caloptera, Lea.
9 EMG eet a aati eatodema, ies:
Rey) a blanda, Lea.
Fa “ Mordellistena concinna, Lea.
nate Markings of pronota of—
Wee. wea 131. ‘Mordella auronotata, Lea.
yp ABD Ft opalisticta,’ Mach
Ce. ae a tad conspecta, Lea.
By nh) RI ee ee chrysophora, Lea.
fp PADS ME.) - oat peplisy ivea db:
ie oat Gs Mya 4OL oy gioalis, Tea.
Js ett han 129. 9 auronotata, Lea.
Markings. at Side of metasternum and basal segment of
' abdomen ’ of —
Figs. 130-131. Mordella auronotata, Lea.
si 152.408 » Inidea, Lea.
he a «Front: tibia. 4d tarsus of—
Fig. 133.-.:. dfordella tarsalis, Lea.
323
NOTES ON THE REMARKABLE HAILSTORM. NEAR
ADELAIDE, ON May 12, 1917.
By Water Howcutn, F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology,
University of Adelaide.
[Read July 12, 1917.]
Prare XVI.
A thunderstorm passed over the southern suburbs of
Adelaide on the morning of Saturday, May 12, 1917, and
was accompanied by hailstones of unusual size and of peculiar
forms. There had been mutterings of distant thunder with
showers during the preceding night. Between 9 o’clock and
10 o’clock on the morning of the 12th a densely-black cloud
appeared to the north-west, showing violent agitation along
the advancing front of the storm. As the cloud overspread
the sky thunder was heard and rain began to fall. Several
flashes of lightning and thunder-claps occurred in quick suc-
- cession, and were followed by a deluge of rain, accompanied
by hailstones. The fall of hail was in two sections, separated
by an interval of only a few minutes, during which the rain
nearly ceased, and only sporadic hailstones,, mostly of large
size, fell; the second of the maxima being. of the greater
intensity, and was accompanied by the largest hailstones.
THE HAILSTONES.
The common type of hailstone, which is soft, white, and
snow-like, was apparently absent, or, if present, was obscured
by the more numerous and larger examples. So far as my
observation went the hailstones that fell in the shower were
of the hard kind, and consisted almost entirely of clear and
transparent ice. One notable feature was a great uniformity
of form under several well-marked types. Among the more
distinctive of these were the following : —
1. SmootH SPHERICAL Forms (pl. xvi., fig. 1).—These
were perfectly round and smooth, of a dull white colour, and
of all sizes up to about five-eighths of an inch in diameter,
or a little more than that. Up to this size they were as
round as marbles (which they greatly resembled), and in
colour -and smoothness were similar to the nitre-balls sold
by chemists. Some of the same type reached a size of three-
quarters of an inch, but the larger examples were not quite
so symmetrical as the smaller ones. Many of these hard,
spherical forms, on striking the ground, split in halves, lke
L2
324
split peas of a large size. The internal structure showed a
small nucleus, with radial crystals of ice that passed from
the centre to the circumference, and, less distinctly, con-
centric lines, much resembling the radial and concentric lines
often seen in stalactites. The whitish colour that they pos-
sessed appeared to be superficial. In the process of melting
the surface had a peculiar granular appearance, which may
have been caused by the terminals of the radial ice crystals.
Some of the larger examples weighed about a quarter of an
ounce.
2. LENTICULAR AND PapiLLous Forms.—A large number
(probably half of the hailstones that fell) were lens-shaped,
or biconvex, very symmetrical in outline, and showing a
remarkable structure. There was a nucleus of ice that
appeared to possess a similar structure to the smooth,
spherical forms described as No. 1 variety. This nucleus,
which formed about one-fourth of the diameter of the hail-
stone, was surrounded by clear and transparent ice that
formed a zone of about one-eighth of an inch in diameter ;
and the latter was again surrounded by a narrow band of
what had the appearance of vesicular ice in a delicate lace-
like pattern, while the remainder of the lens (forming the
periphery) consisted of clear ice. A curious effect was pro-
duced in some cases by the edge of the lens taking the form
of a ring of beads, giving it a serrated appearance (pl. xvi.,
fig. 2). Some examples of this type had a subglobular form,
in which case the whole of the surface was covered with
coarse tubercles or short, and blunt, spines. Large examples
of the lenticular type measured an inch in diameter, and
preserved their lenticular outline, while melting, to the last.
3. Sprnous Forms.—These were, perhaps, the most
peculiar and striking of the forms observed (pl. xvi., figs. 5
and 6). They were mostly of lenticular shape, the nucleus
consisting of the usual concentric structure, and rising ©
abruptly from the periphery of the hailstone were promin-
ences which tapered towards their extremities, like spines
(pl. xvi., fig. 5). In some cases a hailstone carried a few
such spines sticking out from the main body at various angles,
like the old English weapon of war, known as the “morning
star,’’ which was a wooden ball furnished with iron spikes.
(See figures in text.) In a few instances, noticed by others
as well as by myself, the spines took a cruciform shape, as
shown in pl. xvi., fig. 6. In the example here drawn, one
delicate spine, three-quarters of an inch in length, had the
appearance of a miniature icicle, with a sharp point, and the
broken bases of three other spines, no doubt broken by the
fall, were present, the spines being exactly antipodal to each
325
other. The triangular form, shown in the figure in the text,
probably belongs to the same class. Figs. 2, 5, and 6, in
pl. xvi., represent a related series, passing from simple bead-
like prominences, as in fig. 2, to the long and attenuated
spines seen in fig. 6, between which there were many grada-
tions; and the three figures, included in the text, show a
similar development in the direction of few but coarse spines.
4. AGGLUTINATED Forms.—-These comprised the largest
examples of the hailstones, and many of this class assumed
most remarkable shapes. Among the various forms noticed
were : —
(a) Flask-shaped: a sphere containing a nucleus which
had the appearance of the smooth and spherical examples,
described as No. 1 variety, surrounded by clear ice, with a
“Size and shape of hailstones which fell at. Millswood
between 10 and 11 a.m. on Saturday last. Each one
weighed just 4 oz. and measured 13 in. across after having
been brought in from lawn to warm room.’’ This block,
with descriptions, which is reproduced from The Mail of
May 19, 1917, was published from original drawings sent
by an observer.
long and solid neck of uniform thickness, extending from one
side of the main body (pl. xvi., fig. 3).
(0) Elongated: consisted of a main body that was
cylindrical or fusiform in outline, showing on the surface
a mosaic pattern, and at either end knob-like extensions that
proceeded from the cylindrical portion (pl. xvi., fig. 7).
The septation, in this class of hailstone, seems to suggest a
326
composite origin of agglutinated hailstones. Some examples
of this shape were fully 2 inches in length.
(c) Irregular in outline: some of this type appeared to
have been formed by the coming together of ice fragments
that united at various angles, forming a surface of uneven
but rounded outhness Fig 4, pl. xvi., may be taken as a
type of this kind; a similar form is also included among the
figures in the text.
During a hailstorm that occurred in Adelaide two months
later than the notable storm described in this paper, the
writer picked up a hailstone, half an inch in length, the
main body of which consisted of four symmetrical, lobulate
segments, arranged maltese-cross pattern, with two blunt
spines of uniform diameter throughout, and placed at the
opposite extremities of the hailstone (pl. xvi., fig. 8). This
occurrence is interesting, as showing a similar form to some
of those which fell in the storm of May 12.
THUNDERSTORMS.
The very common association of hail with thunderstorms
suggests that there is a certain genetic relationship between
these two things. The conditions favourable for the develop-
ment of a thunderstorm are: a warm and humid layer of
atmosphere in the lower portion with a colder stratum of
air above. These are the conditions that give rise to the
cumulus cloud, and therefore it is this form of cloud that
commonly develops into a thundercloud. An essential feature
is the existence of a marked temperature gradient, which
gives rise to a violent upcurrent of air, which, with a gyratory
movement, carries the moist, warm air to high altitudes,
where the aqueous vapour undergoes rapid condensation ; the
effect of this uprush is seen in the turbulent and gyratory
movements of the storm cloud. The warm current rises in
front of the storm, and in proportion to the violent movement
of uprise there is a corresponding downrush of cool air which
underrides the warm in front. This explains the violent
gusts of wind which commonly accompany thunderstorms.
Much light has been recently thrown on the electric
phenomena of thunderstorms by the observations and experi-
ments of Dr. G. C. Simpson, of the Indian Meteorological
Department, and these have been confirmed and elaborated
by W. J. Humphreys, Professor of Meteorological Physics,
Washington. Dr. Simpson’s experiments show that the rain
which falls during a thunderstorm carries electric charges,
which may be either positive or negative, more frequently
(1) “The Thunderstorm and its Phenomena,’’ Monthly Weather
Review, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, vol. 42, No. 6, June, 1914.
327
the former. The drops in a thundercloud are, therefore,
carriers of small charges of electricity, and by the violent
action of the wind undergo disruption at one instant and
coalescence at another, which makes for electric separation
and accumulation.
Dr. Simpson was led to this conclusion by an experiment
in which drops of distilled water were caused to fall through
a vertical blast of air that was sufficiently strong to break
up the drops into spray, which gave the following results: —
1. That breaking of drops of water is accompanied by the
production of both positive and negative ions.
2. That three times as many negative ions as positive ions
7 are released.
According to Professor W. J. Humphreys rain cannot fall
through air of ordinary density the upward velocity of which
is greater than 8 meters per second, and if the raindrops are
of such a size as to drop by gravity, or be suspended in the
face of such a current, they are so blown to pieces that the
spray is carried aloft, and, in this way, there is caused an
electrical separation within the cloud. This electrical separa-
tion places a heavily-charged positive layer (within the lower
portion of the cloud) between the negatively-charged earth,
below, and a much higher, heavily-charged negative layer
in the upper portions of the cloud. In such a condition of
electric tension it is easy to understand why an electric dis-
charge, by lightning, should take place, either between
respective clouds or between the positively-charged cloud and
the earth.
FoRMATION oF HAIL.
When a powerful convection current is established the
uprush of warm air may be carried beyond the normal height
at which the cumulus cloud usually floats in the atmosphere.
According to Humphreys it is only beyond the 4-kilometer
level that freezing temperatures are reached. Aqueous
vapour, and perhaps the finest spray, form snow or frost,
while the liquid drops congeal to ice. Should the upward
rush of air slacken, or should the pellets of hail get outside
the limits of the rising column of air, they would begin to
descend. Reaching lower altitudes they would probably
become coated with fresh moisture, and being caught in
another furious gust of wind would be once more carried up-
ward, together with much rain-spray, to the colder region.
Here the hailstone, with its accrued moisture. and possible
union with the finer spray, gathers an additional coating of
snow or ice. Such aiternations in movement may occur several
times in the development of a hailstone, and is possibly
limited only by the increasing weight of the hailstone, which
finally brings it down to the ground:
328
The unusual size and varied forms assumed by the hail-
stones that fell during the great storm of May 12 is a sub-
ject of considerable interest. The conditions that produced
these abnormal effects must have been in some ways excep-
tional, but they are difficult to define. It seems moderately
clear that the smooth spherical form, described above as
No. 1, were the original forms, as they were the first to fall,
and they formed the nucleus of more complex forms, as seen
in the lenticular, the flask-shaped, and some, at least, of
the spinous.
It is difficult to explain the existence of spines on many
of the hailstones. Some of the spines were cylindrical and
blunt, while others were tapering and sharp. Can they have
been drops of rain, attached to the hailstone, that became
elongated by lagging behind during the hailstone’s rapid
passage through the air, and ultimately frozen? These spines
often occurred in polar arrangement—that is, at apposed
extremities—in pairs of two or four. This appeared especi-
ally to be the case with hailstones of elongated form, the
protuberances being joined on to either end.
The lenticular forms, by a similar explanation, might be
regarded as the result of a spinning movement of the spherical
body which formed the nucleus. The latter, if coated with
liquid while spinning on its axis, would exert a centrifugal
force on the liquid which might by this means become spread
out at the periphery.
The agglutinated forms had a more or less irregular sur-
face which appeared to arise from the union of two or
several ice fragments. How was such a union effected? A
mere striking together by collisions would probably result in
rebound. Is it possible that hailstones, diversely electrified,
may be mutually attracted and coalesce as a consequence of
such attraction? The regelation that took place was appar-
ently complete ; for while an external pattern of a composite
structure was clearly marked, there were no internal planes
of division—what individual outlines that may have origin-
ally existed were lost in the perfect blending into one body
of clear ice.
Except for the milky-like surface of the spherical forms
the whole of the hailstones observed were of clear ice, indi-
cating that their origin was not that of frozen vapour, but
frozen rain. 7
GENERAL REMARKS ON THE STORM.
While the hailstorm extended over a somewhat wide
area, including the city of Adelaide, the abnormal features
were limited to a belt of country, about a quarter of a mile
329
wide, covering the suburbs of Richmond, Keswick, Good-
wood, Unley, and Mitcham. Rain accompanined the hail-
stones, in great sheets, and gusts of wind of cyclonic violence
game at intervals. In the main line of the storm the sound
was that of a continuous roar that drowned all other sounds,
but on either side of this belt it was described as resembling
that of the “firing of heavy and continuous musketry” and “a
continuous roll of deafening thunder.’ The daily Press
spoke of the round hailstones as ‘bullets’? and others as of
“fantastic shapes.’’ Trams were stopped to prevent the break-
ing of the windows by the falling hailstones, fowls were killed,
and much damage was done to roofs and glass-houses. The
roads were covered to a depth of several inches by the hail.
Vegetation suffered severely. Tender plants were beaten
to the ground, leaves in large quantities were stripped from
the trees or left in shreds on the branches. Fruit that was
in season was extensively damaged. Olives, oranges, and
lemons were knocked down or damaged on the trees. Pieces
were scooped out of oranges and lemons, in some cases ex-
tending to an inch in length, and penetrated through the
rind to the fruit.
Hailstorms occurred, on the same morning, at many
places on the Mount Lofty Ranges and at Yankalilla, where
at the latter place a terrific thunderstorm was reported to
have occurred, accompanied by a cyclone and hail the size
of pigeons’ eggs. The wind uprooted trees and blew down
iron fences and windmills. What were believed to be water-
spouts were observed off the coast at Normanville, the sea-.
port adjacent to Yankalilla.
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.
On May 10, two days before the Adelaide storm, the
daily weather chart showed an area of low pressure, covering
the Great Bight, which had moved up from the south and
had its 29°9° isobar on the coastline. At the same time there
was a strong anticyclonic centre, situated to the westward of
Perth, and a weak “high” covering New South Wales, with
a flat barometer extending over the rest of the continent.
On the following day, May 11, the chart showed that
the low-pressure centre had moved northward, forming a
well-marked, V-shaped depression between the “highs” on
the west and east, the centre being due south of Adelaide,
with a reading of 29°6° off Cape Northumberland, and a
broad isobaric trough (29°9°) had established itself from the
south coast across the continent to the Gulf of Carpentaria.
This monsoonal trough brought warm temperatures to the
country lying to the westward of Adelaide.
330
On the morning of the hailstorm, May 12,.the storm
centre occupied about the same position as on the preceding
day, but the energetic “high” on the west, with a maximum
reading of 30°3°, had advanced slightly during the 24 hours.
producing steeper gradients. while the storm area had
widened out to the eastward, taking in the whole of the
south-eastern quadrant of the continent, including Tasmania,
bringing rain over this area from Cape Leeuwin to Brisbane.
The lowest reading of the barometer at Adelaide was coin-
cident with the storm burst that passed over the city. The
thermograph records for the day, courteously placed at my
disposal by Mr. E. Bromley, the Divisional Officer of the
Weather Bureau, showed that, immediately in front of the
storm there was a sudden rise of temperature, amounting to
6°, and as sudden a fall, to a like extent, immediately after,
and thereby established a contrasted temperature grade, as
well as a steep barometric grade, in adjacent regions, condi-
tions very favourable for the development of electric and
hailstorm effects. The main vortex of the disturbance
appears to have developed near Adelaide, causing convection
up-draughts and down-draughts of exceptional energy. The
unusual size of the hailstones probably arose from successive
accretions that followed on the rapid and repeated inter-
change of conditions to which the hailstones were subjected
in their flight between the lower and upper layers of the
cloud.
At my request Mr. Bromley has kindly supplied the
following interesting particulars as to the weather conditions
prevailing at the time: —
“Weather Conditions over South Australia between May 10
and May 14, 1917.
“The passage across South Australia of an energetic dis-
turbance between May 11 and 14, 1917, was marked by very
unsettled weather over the southern and coastal portions of
the State, and on the 11th and 12th—more particularly the
latter date—exceptionally severe hail and thunderstorms were
experienced, but chiefly over parts of the metropolitan area
and Mount Lofty Ranges.
“The depression was first noted on the 10th, having
pushed up suddenly over the Bight. It was then only of
moderate intensity, but on the following morning it had
increased considerably in energy and covered the whole of
the State, with its centre south of Adelaide. The disturb-
ance was connected inland by a trough of low pressure which
stretched northwards to the Gulf of Carpentaria.
“A large anticyclone covered the whole of Western fos
tralia on Friday (11th), and although this system spread
331
eastwards over the far north-western parts of South Aus-
tralia, the ‘low’ was still centred south of Adelaide on Satur-
day, thus producing steep barometric gradients between the
Bight and our South-East coast.
“Mild northerly winds marked the approach of the ‘low’
on the 10th, and on that day the maximum shade readings
at several stations rose above 70°, the highest temperature
having been 73° at Fowler Bay. These mild winds were, no
doubt, drawn southwards from the tropics and heavily charged
with moisture. With the advent of the cold and strong south-
west winds, reported along the coast, west from Kangaroo
Island, on the 11th, combined with the cyclonic nature of
the depression, conditions were most favourable for the pro-
duction of thunderstorms, hail, and rain.
“The weather became cloudy and unsettled on Thursday,
and by Friday morning light and general rain was recorded
south from Hawker, and hail was reported at Fowler Bay,
where the temperature had fallen 30°. At Adelaide an
exceptionally heavy shower with hail fell on Friday morning,
about 9 o’clock, and in the space of three minutes 24 points.
were recorded (a rate of nearly 5 inches an hour).
“The temperature, during the storm, fell to 46°2°, but
subsequently rose to a maximum of 57°9° later in the day.
“On Saturday morning the depression had further in-
creased in energy, but the trough of the ‘low was still
centrally situated south of Adelaide. During the day (12th)
the weather was very unsettled and wintry, and further hail-
storms, accompanied by thunderstorms, were experienced
over the southern and south-eastern parts of South Australia,
but more particularly over the Mount Lofty Ranges and the
southern portions of the metropolitan area. The hail was
exceptionally large; many pieces were the size of marbles,
while some were as large as pigeon eggs.
“At Yankalilla a tornado was experienced between 8 and
9 o'clock in the morning. Other places on the Mount Lofty
Ranges experienced cyclonic storms of a violent nature during
the day as well as severe hailstorms.
“At Adelaide the temperature after the passage of the
hailstorms fell to about 45°. The lowest barometer reading
occurred about 10 a.m. on the 12th, when the centre of the
‘low passed the meridian of Adelaide. ‘The pressure then
rose, and by the following morning the depression was
centrally located over Tasmania.’ On Sunday (13th) the
weather was cold, with passing showers and squalls, and
during the night heavy and steady rain set in, and for the
48 hours ended 8.30 a.m. on Monday (14th), many stations
over the lower north, central, and southern districts.
332
registered from 1 to 2 inches, while on parts of the Mount
Lofty Ranges the totals exceeded 3 inches, with a maximum
of 534 points at Uraidla.
“The passage of a low-pressure trough -usually coincides
with the maximum of atmospheric instability, and in this
case it seems probable that the exceptional energy developed |
was in some way connected with the arrival of the colder
and denser air of the anticyclonic front, for the sudden
change from cyclonic to anticyclonic conditions is almost
invariably associated with violent atmospheric disturbances,
and not infrequently thunder and hailstorms. Winter
thunderstorms are by no means uncommon over the southern
parts of Australia; in fact, they are nearly always asso-
ciated with deep antarctic disturbances. As the centres of
these systems, however, chiefly keep well over the ocean, the
full effect of the storms is seldom felt on the mainland.”
“KEK. BROMLEY,
“Divisional Officer, Weather Bureau, Adelaide.”
—_—_— -—— —_.. —__.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVI.
(All figures are of natural size.)
Fig. 1. Spherical form; showing radial and concentric lines
in clear ice. Hailstones of this type fell at the beginning of the’
storm, and, later, formed the nucleus of larger ones, as seen in
fios. 2, 3; 4,8, 6
Fig. 2. Lenticular hailstone, showing nucleus surrounded by
a corona of small ice fractures with beads or blunt prominences
on the peripheral margin.. A.—Side view; B.—Shows lenticular
outline. ;
Fig. 3. Subspherical hailstone with a protuberance on one
side, giving it a flask-shaped outline.
Fig. 4. Oblong and subquadrate hailstone with two pro-
tuberances symmetrically arranged.
Fig. 5. Lenticular hailstone with short spines on the peri-
pheral margin.
Fig. 6. Lenticular hhailstone, with a sharply-pointed spine
three-quarters of an inch in length, and the bases of three other
- spines in positions antipodal to each other, in pairs. }
Fig. 7. Agglutinated compound hailstone, ovately-spherical
in outline, consisting, apparently, of a group of hailstones that
had coalesced and were united by relegation films that had the
appearance of septal bands between the respective units. Two of
these stood out prominently and formed knobs at the extremities
of the longer axis.
Fig. 8. A compound hailstone, in which four units were
symmetrically combined in a subglobular cruciform pattern. Two
small spines, of uniform size and outline, extended from each
extremity of the longer diameter. This hailstone fell during a
storm in Adelaide on July 3, 1917.
333
NOTES ON SOME SOUTH AUSTRALIAN EUCALYPTS..
By J. H. Maipen, I.8.0., F.R.S., Honorary Fellow-
[Read August 9, 1917.]
The following are a few additional notes on South Aus-
_ tralian eucalypts, chiefly concerned with the nomenclature of
the subject, and in the course of the paper I have had occasion
to refer to a recently-published article by Messrs. R. T. Baker
and H. G. Smith, in which some of my previous determina-
tions have been called in question.
1. E. piversirouia, Bonpl. (£. santalifolia, F. v. M.).
The writers who have' dealt with this species are : —
1. Bonpland, who first described it under the name of
EH. diversifolia in 1813,2) and his descriptive account is
reproduced in my “Critical Revision of the genus Eucalyptus’
(hereinafter called Crit. Rev.), part vu., p. 197.
2. Mueller, who in 1855 redescribed the species under
the name of £. santalifolia (see Crit. Rev., vii., p. 199). =
his “Eucalyptographia’’ he figures #. pachyloma, Benth.,
his #. santalifolia, and makes a number of coisequeneel
errors in the text.
“H. santalifolia and EF. pachyloma, though placed widely
apart and into different sections of his anthereal system by
Bentham are, as far as I can judge, quite identical.”—
Mueller, in “Eucalyptographia.”’
We have Bentham’s authority for the statement (B. FI.,
lii., 206) that “this (#. santalifolia) is now reduced by F.
Mueller to a form of FH. obligua, but besides the foliage, the
shape of the fruit is different, being nearly that of JZ.
macrorrhyncha or EF. capitellata.”
This is additional evidence that Mueller did not really
know his own species, and, indeed, it is a very great advan-
tage to a botanist to see the species in the field. To visit
critical forms in the field has been an important object of
my life. Mueller once told me of some confusion which
Alphonse De Candolle caused in regard to one of his own
species, and, realizing the humour of the position, he added,
“He did not know his own child!”
3. Bentham (B. Fl., ui., 240) added F#. diversifolia as
a synonym of £#. viminalis, Labill., under which he
(1) Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. xl., p. 464.
(2) This work bears the date 1813 on the title-page, but the
latter parts were not published till 1816 (B. FI., iii., 119
334
erroneously included other. species (see my Crit. Rev., xxviii.,
172). He also furnished a description of #. santalifolia,
F. v. M., at B. FI., iu1., 206, and additional notes at pp. 217
and 230, which are explained in my Crit. Rev., vii., pp. 199,
200. Some of his material was probably mixed.
4. The French botanist Naudin, who had access both to
Bonpland’s original specimens of EH. diversifolia and to the
progeny therefrom, wrote two papers: —
(a) “Mémoire sur les Eucalyptus introduits dans la -
région Méditerranéenne.” Ann. des Sc. Nat., 6° Sér. Bot ,
t. xvi. (No. 6), p. 413 (1883).
(6) “Description et emploi des Eucalyptus introduits cu
Kurope, principalement en France et en Algérie.’ Antibes,
183.
(a) is quoted as lst Mém. and (b) as 2nd Mém.
Naudin’s remarks are valuable, not only because of his
valuable contributions to a knowledge of the genus, but also
because he was in possession of the French traditions as to
E. diversifolia, Following is a translation of what he said : —
E. diversifolia, Bonpl.: Nav. et. Malm.,(3) p. 35, tab. 13;
D.C. Prod., iii., 220. Species mistakenly identified with J£.
viminalis by Bentham.
A lofty tree [this is a slip; it only grows to 12-15 metres
according to his own showing.—J. H. M.], the older bark falling
off in ragged pieces, leaving the trunk smooth. Leaves in the
juvenile stage opposite and_ sessile, oblong-elliptical, in the
adolescent stage alternate, petiolate, lanceolate, ‘lightly or not
faleate, coriaceous, rigid, shining. Umbels ax wary, peduncu-
late, often 9-11 flowered; flowers shortsy pedicellate;
operculum shortly conical. Fruit broadly turbinate, rather
woody, flattened on the upper side; capsule the same length as
the calyx-tube, four-celled at the most, and opening with the
same number of apertures.
The original of the above is in Latin. It is one of his
“biforme’” species (7.e€., where the differences between the
juvenile and adult leaves are much accentuated).
He then gives an expanded translation of the above
referred to Latin, in French. He goes on to say: —
This tree, that Mr. Bentham has confused with EH. viminahs,
from which it is very different, seems to me one of the least
variable of the species. I have always found it uniform in the
different gardens of Provence (Nice, Antibes, St. Raphael, Hyéres,
Toulon), as well as the nursery at Hamma, near Algiers, where it
attains a height of 12-15 metres. It is certainly one of the first
eucalypts which has been introduced into France, perhaps the
first. of all, since it was in cultivation at la Malmaison from the
beginning of the century, and it flourished, when in 1813 Bon-
pland published his descriptions of the plants of this establishment.
(3) His method of quoting Bonpland’s work, ‘“‘Description des
plantes rare cultivées 4 Malmaison et 4 Navarre.”
335
The figure he gives of it also. makes it éasy. fe recognize. At the
time the tree was also cultivated in the. Garden,of the Marine’
at Toulon, and according to a note from M. Robert, then director
of this garden, he had received it direct from la Malmaison... I.
owe the communication of this note to M. Chabaud, naval botanist-
of the St. Mandrier Garden, near Toulon [I have a specimen
from this garden.—J. H: M.], and it is this which has put me
in the way of recognizing the species.
I have no information as to the forestry value of this species ;
so far it is simply an ornamental garden tree. (Naudin, Ist Mém.,
-Naudin practically repeats’ the above, with the following
addition : —
Following Mueller, £. diversifolia, Bonpl., would be con-
founded with E. santalifolia (““Eucalyptographia’ ’); however, the
species there described hardly agrees with the figure [it is really
E. pachyloma, as I have already’ stated.—J. H. M.], nor with
the description of this last work, where, among other differences,
E. santalifolia is indicated as a mere shrub. But the species of this
genus are so variable that I would not yet lke to pronounce as
yn identity or the non-identity of these two species (Qnd Mém.,
5. I attach a translation of - what Dr. Diels said, for
completeness sake, but it does not help us much: —
Mueller fhonnht it (EF. pachyloma, Benth.) to be identical
with EH. santalifoka. This opinion, however, so far is hardly
confirmed. The areas given by Mueller are widely separated, the
South Australian localities’ being more than a thousand miles dis-
tant from the Western Australian ones. I have not seen the
plants.—Diels, in Engler’s Jahrb., xxxv., 442 (1905).
6. The present writer, who has dealt with the species:
(a) Crit. Rev., vii., p. 197 (1905), where I included both
E#. santalifolia and EH. pachyloma in EF. diversifolia; (b}
in these Trans., xxxii., p. 279 (1908); (c) Journ. W.A. Nat.
Hist. Soc., i1., p. 166 (Jan.,. 1911), where I stated,
“It is quite impossible to keep 2. pachyloma as a synonym
of #. diversifolia.”
I travelled extensively in South Australia in 1907, and
H. dwersifolia was deliberately investigated by me. Simi-
larly, when I made a prolonged tour of Western Australia in
1909, I made a special trip after H. pachyloma, as ¥ con-
sidered it required further investigation.
Mueller and I are quite in agreement in considering
£. dwersifolia and E#. santalifolia as conspecific, but he makes
the following extraordinary excuse for .suppressing Bon-
pland’s in favour of his own name: —.
The name of E. diversifolia, given by- Bonpland, had to be
discarded, although he described ‘the species already in 1813, and
had it illustrated by Bessa simultaneously, because the plant as
defined by him represents that very young state in which, as in
most species of eucalyptus, the leaves pass from the broad form of
juvenile plants into the narrow shape of the leaves, normal for
336
adult trees. The illustration indicates well that the leaves of ~
the young seedlings are opposite sessile and oval, a sort of char-
acteristic which is particularly applicable for the discrimination
of specific forms also in this genus (‘‘Kucalyptographia,’’ under E.
santalifolia ).
Bessa’s plate (not “Massa,” as printed in Messrs. Baker
and Smith’s paper) was before me when I wrote my Crit.
Rev., part vil., although, for reasons of space, I only
reproduced a pair of juvenile leaves (fig. 5, plate xxxvi.). I
have the plate again before me, and I say that (though not
faultless, according to our modern standards), it is certainly
the most complete of the early drawings of eucalypts, showing
practically everything that a modern botanist requires,
and is perhaps the, earliest detailed drawing which especially
depicts the contrasting juvenile foliage. If, as it appears,
it is Mr. Baker’s object to follow Mueller in suppressing Bon-
pland’s species, I do not think he will get any botanist to
agree with him.
Mueller not only suppressed dzversifolia in favour of his
own santalifola, but many years later he included pachyloma
with his species, and in the ‘‘Eucalyptographia’’ (under F.
santalifolia), he goes on to make deductions as to the similari-
ties and dissimilarities of his #. santalifolia (his ‘“EKucalypto-
graphia’ species, and not his original species) with Z£.
capitellata, H. diversifolia, and #. viminalis, which are quite
erroneous because of his wrong identification.
Mr. Baker goes on to say, p. 469:—‘“Bentham, when
mentioning this species (#. santalifolka) under #. viminalis
[Bentham never mentioned /. santalifolia under F. viminalis ;
he mentioned HF. diversifolia.—J. H. M.], states that ‘the
flowers are rather numerous in the umbel and the fruit large.’
Now six flowers are the most we have seen in £#. santalrfolra
{I have seen as many as seven, but usually not more than
six.—J. H. M.]. Mueller’s figure shows only three at the
most.” The fact is, Mueller’s figure is 2. pachyloma, which
Bentham describes as having apnuere “each with 2 to 4
rather large flowers.”
Mr. Baker says he has not seen Massa’s (Bessa’s) plate.
He stresses Bentham’s confusion of HV. diversifolia with LH.
viminalis—one of Bentham’s few mistakes—and as the mis-
‘take is perfectly well ascertained, there seems no special
reason to emphasize it on the present occasion.
I will deal further with #. pachyloma in my Crit. Rev.,
‘as promised in Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., 11., p. 166
(Jan., 1911), where I rehabilitated it. It has not been
further dealt with, as other species appeared to require earlier
attention.
337
Some Morruoiocicat Notes.—Mr. Baker, p. 470, states
that “unfortunately, no one seems to have described the
‘sucker,’ or abnormal [why ‘abnormal’ ?—J. H. M.] leaves of
E. santalifolia, or, for the matter of that, H#. diversifolia, so
it is difficult to understand how the latter name applies to
Mueller’s tree, as the leaves are not diverse.” Almost all
species of Eucalyptus show “diverse” leaves, the juvenile
leaves being different from the adult ones, and the number
of species in which the juvenile and adult leaves are
apparently not diverse is diminishing as additional material
is collected. In other words, the series “uniforme”’ and
“biforme”’ of Naudin, and the terms isoblastic or homoblastic
on the one hand, and heteroblastic on the other, used by
later authors, by degrees become relative and not absolute.
I collected juvenile leaves of H. diversifolia in South Aus-
tralia, and have perfect suites of them, but as they were
fairly depicted in Bessa’s plate, I did not fully draw atten-
tion to them.
The reason why I did not reproduce the plate in my
Crit. Rev., to which omission Mr. Baker draws attention,
was for reasons of expense, as it is a large folio, and I con-
sider that in reproducing the juvenile foliage and republishing
Bonpland’s description I did all that could be expected
of me.
But although the juvenile leaves of #. diversifolia were
not formally described in the Crit. Rev., Mr. Baker has
ignored fig. 8 and fig. 8a of pl. xxxvi. of that work, in which
is depicted two pairs of juvenile leaves, collected by Mr.
Walter Gill in the Port Lincoln district. Do not these
describe them sufficiently? Compare fig. 8 with fig. 5, a pair
of juvenile leaves taken from Bessa’s plate. The fig. 8a
shows an extreme form, for there is a marvellous amount of
variation in the juvenile leaves of this species. However,
since that time I have twice described the juvenile foliage,
viz., these Transactions, xxxll., p. 279, and Journ. W.A.
Nat. Hist. Soc., i., p. 166.
It remains now to categorically point out that Mr. Baker
has no justification for the conclusion in the latter part of
_the following statement:—“Of the identity of #. santali-
folia, as now established, there can be no doubt, and as the
chemical data are made on that species, there is no
alternative but to retain that name for the result of this
investigation.”
The flattened or horizontal rim in F#. diversitfolia is a
character, although there is a tendency to convexity of the
rim, which undoubtedly led Mueller into his mistake of con-
fusing the species with #. pachyloma, a species in which this
"338
convexity is exaggerated. The flatness of the rim is well
brought out in Bessa’s plate, the fruits depicted being the
small form often found in this species; indeed, there is much
variation in size. The fruits of H. diversifolia have often
corky tuberculate excrescences.
Some Notes on Distrisution.—I have a specimen bear-
ing the label, “Hucalyptus diversifolia, Bonpland. Confondu
par Bentham avec |’ #. viminalis, et par Fd. Miieller avec le
santalifolia (Ch. Ndn.).” (Charles Naudin.) “Jardin de la
Marine a Ste Mandrier, Toulon (France), Ch. Ndn.” It
is referred to already, and is quite typical.
As regards the range, indicated at pp. 201 and 202 of
my Crit. Rev., the following additions and amendments may
be made: -—
The Western Australian localities must be deleted, for
#. diversifolia does not extend to that State; the references
to that State belong to LH. pachyloma.
The specific Victorian locality, near Cape Nelson, is
Mount Chaucer.
[At Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxix., p. 768 (1904),
I have drawn attention to a specimen of a sheet of mixed
Western Australian material distributed by Preiss under his:
No. 252, some of which belongs of #. patens, Benth. At all
events, none of the material distributed under No. 252 is:
either #. pachyloma or EF. diversifolia, and the matter may be
dismissed from the present investigation. |
Under South Australia it may be added that the type of
EH. diversifolia came from Kangaroo Island. Waterhouse’s
specimen (No. 4) was labelled “2. viminalis, according to
Bentham ; L. santalifolia, F. M.,” by Mueller. Tate’s speci-
men (No. 5) was labelled “#. santalifolia, by Mueller.” I
have recorded it from Cape Coudie (Dr. R. 8S. and Mrs.
Rogers). See these Transactions, xxxil., p. 279. I have
since obtained it from American Beach (H. H. D. Griffith,
through J. M. Black) and Rocky River (Walter Gill).
The original locality given for #. santalifolia is “in the
mallee scrub on the River Murray, on St. Vincent and
Spencer Gulfs” (see Crit. Rev., vii., p. 199). A scrub mallee,
with dark bark, near East Wellington (River Murray), sent |
by Mr. J. M. Black, precisely matches the localities men- —
tioned in Crit. Rev., vil., p. 202, collected by Mr. Cambage.
Miquel (Ned. Kruidk. Archief., iv.) added the localities
“Salt Creek” [I do not know the precise locality of this Salt
Creek, but there are several in Eyre Peninsula.—J. H. M.]|
and ‘Marble Range, Port Lincoln,” which is a locality in
which I collected many specimens. In these Transactions,
xxxil., p. 279, I recorded that I found the species to be
339
abundant between Port Lincoln and Lake Wangary, and
described juvenile leaves and made other morphological
references.
Proceeding further west, we come to Port Elliston
(specimens from Dr. R. S. Rogers), about 100 miles west
of Port Lincoln. The locality, Venus Bay (quoted B. FI1.,
iul., p. 206), for #. santalifolia, is the bight forméd about the
mouth of Anderson Inlet, and is some miles further on. It
is the nearest recorded locality towards Western Australia,
unless the following locality (also Eyre Peninsula) should be
nearer : —
Minnipa, Eyre Peninsula (“Soap Mallee’). “Some say
the name is given because the wood is soft and rotten; but
others, and they are more likely correct, because of the soapy
appearance of the stem and branches. Not very plentiful’
(W. J. Spafiord).
The specimen labelled “H. viminalis, var. diversifolia”
(No. 8, p. 201, part vii., Crit. Rev.), came from Guichen
Bay, according to the late Mr. J. G. Luehmann, late
Government Botanist of Victoria. See also B. Fl., i1., p.
206, where Bentham (following Mueller) records #. santali-
folia from Guichen Bay. Guichen Bay has on its southern
shore the township of Robe, which is the most southerly
South Australian locality known to me, and the nearest to
the only recorded Victorian locality (Cape Nelson). I have
specimens of #. diversifolia from Robe (C. D. Black, through
J. M. piace:
2. E. oporata, Behr.
At p. 472 Mr. ae quotes me as writing of this species
in Crit. Rev., vol. 11., part 1., p. 26, as well as Trans. Roy.
Soc. S. Austr., 1903, where he (the present writer) “goes
fully into the synonymy of the species. With most of this
latter synonymy we are not in accord, especially placing
EL. Lansdowmana [should be Lansdowneana.—J. H. M.] under
EF. odorata.”
I have two courteous protests to make here. One is,
Mr. Baker’s method of quotation, the volume and page of
the present Transactions not being cited. I have written
on . odorata in these Transactions, xxvil., p. 240 (1903).
He omits reference to my further notes on E. odorata in
XXXll., p. 281 (1908). Secondly, the date of the part of the
Crit. Rev. quoted by Mr. Baker is‘1910, and without going
into the question as to whether my 1903 work is modified by
my 1910 work (I have not collated them), I claim to be
judged by my latest utterance on a given subject. As, with
one exception, he does not state which of ‘most of this latter
synonymy” he does not agree with, I cannot be expected to
solve the problem.
340
3. E: cCNEORIFOLIA, DC.
Mr. Baker says, p. 474, “So far it has not been depicted
in any Australian publication.’’ In view of figs. 11-16, pl.
Ix., of part xii. of my Crit. Rev., I do not understand the
statement.
- 4, E. BLACKBURNIANA, Maiden, ined.
Mr. Baker, at p. 478, publishes a name which I had
sent to him in manuscript, and therefore under the seal of
confidence, for it had not been published. This is one of a.
number of forms that I am dealing with in Crit. Rev. in
conjunction with the claims of others for treatment, and I
very much regret this premature publication, which can only
lead to trouble in the future.
5. E. catycocona, Turcz.
Mr. Baker, p. 478, says, “So this should be added to the
South Australian flora.” This was already done, as oo back.
as 1903, in Crit. Rev., part 111., p. 83.
6. E. HEMIPHLOIA, F. vy. M.
Mr. Baker, p. 479, quotes my Crit. Rev., vol. i1., p. 15
(1.e., part xi.). Pages 31 and 32 may also be referred to,
and also these Trans., xxxil., p. 283. I searched for #.
hemiphtova on Eyre Peninsula (including two recorded locali-
ties) for a week, but failed to find the species, which is very
well known to me as a New South Welshman. I, how-
ever, abundantly matched the reputed hemphloia of Brown,
Wilhemi, and Tate, specimens of which I took both on Eyre
Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. I could only find white
and.pink flowering forms of odorata. Mr. Baker’s specimens.
are admittedly doubtful, nor is there hemiphloia at Mount.
Remarkable. It is impossible to prove a negative in a case
like this, that is to say, #. hemiphlowa may still be found in
some South Australian localities not yet revealed. Botanists
will have to choose between: (a) my evidence, the result of a
deliberate investigation undertaken in South Australia, in
which I collected full suites of specimens, including small
logs, compared in the field and herbarium, with the actual
specimens collected by those on which the name hemiphlora
(as far as South Australia is concerned) was based; and
(6) Mr. Baker’s remarks.
7. EH. Bicotor, A. Cunn.
This is a species which, at p. 480, Mr. Baker calls £.
largiflorens, F. v. M. I have already (Crit. Rev., part xi.,
p. 10) recorded it from South Australia, which Mueller had
done before me in the “Bucalyptographia,” and Bentham,
341
based on Mueller, even earlier (B. Fl., ii., p. 215). As Mr.
Baker does not quote the specimens seen by him in the Tate
Collection, Adelaide University, I cannot follow him, but
(apart from specimens undoubtedly bicolor) I have a note
that two specimens examined by me in the Tate Collection,
and labelled “largiflorens,” are really Mr. Baker’s intertexta,
a species widely distributed in South Australia, which Mr.
Baker entirely omits.. The two specimens to which I refer
are: (a) Mount Illbillie, Everard Ranges (R. Helms, Elder
Expedition, June 5, 1891), recorded by Mueller and Tate as
E. largiflorens in these Transactions, xvi., p. 358; (6) Gosse
Range (Revs. Schwarz and Schultze), received from Melbourne
Herbarium. There is a third specimen seen by Tate which I
have imperfectly cited in my notes.
8. EK. ovata, Labill.
Synonym of #. acervula, Hook. f. I can only ask my
readers to examine the evidence at Crit. Rev., vol. i11., part 7
(part xxvil.), for themselves, consult Labillardiére’s plate
and description, and make careful tours in South Australia,
and stand in front of the trees themselves. I have no
objection to Mr. Baker’s criticism at p. 481.
9. EK. LEUCOXYLON, F. v. M.
No South Australian species was revised by me more
carefully than this, and I must ask a reference to Crit. Rev.,
xu., p. 88, which Mr. Baker omits. I spared no pains to get
at the literature and at the types, while there are many
figures on pl. lvi. I had many conversations both with the
late Mr. J. Ednie Brown and Mr. Walter Gill on this species,
and on a long tour the latter pointed out to me the various
local forms. My conclusions are set out at p. 92. Mr. Baker
superficially deals with the species at p. 488 of the paper
under consideration.
1. F.. CLADOCALYx, F. v. M.
This species was described in Linnaea, xxv., p. 388
(1852), and the description is quite in rl The description
was repeated in Ned. Kruidk. Archief., iv., p. 135 (1856),
and again in Walpers’ Annales Bi iaaiba ee tices ive:
p. 825 (1857). Then, furtively, Mueller redescribed it in
Fragm., u., p. 43, under the name of £. corynocalyx. I say
furtively because he did not mention that the species had
been already described three times in difficultly accessible
works. He mentions the references, but not cladocalyx, and
it is not to be found in the Index. I drew attention to this
violation of the laws of nomenclature in Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S. Wales, xxix., p. 768 (1904). #. cladocalyz is un-
doubtedly the original name.
342
ADDITIONS TO THE ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS OF
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
By R. S. Rogers, M.A., M.D.
[Read September 13, 1917.]
Pirate XVII.
1. THELYMITRA AZUREA, Qa. sp.
Plant 4 to 16 inches high; with a rather long, narrow-
linear, often filiform leaf and a raceme of 1 to 12 deep bright-
blue (azure) flowers ; one acuminate cauline bract. Segments
of perianth veined, 5 to 6 lines long:
Column rather widely winged; the hood between the
penicillate appendages deeply tripartite, the lobes being
purple with yellow denticulate tips, the middle one shorter
than and imbricate over the outer ones; the hair-tufts
purple, borne upwards and forwards on two lateral expan-
sions of the column.
Stigma large, ovate, occupying the greater part of the
anterior surface of the column, with a prominent glistening
rostellum in its upper part.
Anther with a moderately long point, adnate to the
base of the middle and posterior lobe of the hood; pollen-
masses connected by distinct caudicle to rostellum.
This plant is somewhat closely related to Thelymitra
ixztoides, Sw., from which, however, it differs in its narrow
leaf, on the fact that it has one single acuminate bract on the
stem, instead of two clasping ones; in the azure colour of its
flowers and in the absence of spots on the dorsal sepal and
lateral petals; also in the much deeper clefts between the
middle and adjacent lobes of the hood and in the absence of
the crest of two or more rows of calli on the middle lobe,
which is characteristic of 7. zzo1des. Its time of blooming is
also about a month later than this latter species.
Its slender habit and narrow leaf readily distinguish
it from the robust wide-leafed species of Mueller known as
T. eppactoides. In the latter plant the middle lobe of the
hood is higher than the adjacent lobes; in 7. azurea it 1s
lower. The shot-silk colour of the flowers and the relatively
small stigma in Mueller’s species are also points of
differentiation. | ,
Found blooming in great numbers between Mount Com-
pass and Victor Harbour on November 19, 1916. It appears
to be very localized in its distribution.
The specific name refers to. the beautiful colour of the
flowers.
343
2. THELYMITRA TRUNCATA, N. Sp.
Plant slender, about a foot high, with 2 clasping cauline
bracts and 2 to 6 blue flowers in the raceme.
Two segments of the perianth (lateral petals) are spotted.
Column rather widely winged ; hood with a single yellow
glandular lobe in the form of a truncated cone between the
penicillate appendages ; upper border of this lobe is horizontal
and slightly denticulated; hair-tufts white, projecting
upwards to a level slightly higher than the middle lobe.
Anther with a well-marked point, lying beneath middle
lobe of hood, to which it is adnate.
Stigma large, somewhat quadrangular in shape, with a
depression in upper border, at the base of which is situated
the rostellum.
This plant is sufficiently distinctive not to be easily mis-
taken for other members of the genus. Perhaps it
most nearly approaches 7’. longifolia, Forster. In this latter
species, however, the lobe of the hood between the hair-tufts
is dark-coloured and shortly bilobed or emarginate, whereas
it is yellow and truncated in the new species; also in 7.
longifolia none of the perianth segments are spotted.
From 7'. txioides it is readily distinguished by the fact
that it has but a single lobe between the hair-tufts instead
of three, as in that species.
My specimens were collected at Myponga, October 29, 1917.
The specific name refers to the shape of the middle lobe
of the hood of the column.
—_— —— —__ __—-
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.
1. Thelymitra azurea..
Fig. 1. Front view of column showing stigmatic surface and
rostellum.
Fig. 2. Side view of column showing the lobes of the hood.
Fig. 3. A view of the column looking downward from the
back showing the posterior (middle) lobe and two adjacent lateral
lobes, together with the penicillate appendages. The hair-tufts
of the latter are purple in colour.
Fig..4. A top view of the column showing the same parts as
fig. 3, and illustrating the way in which the middle (posterior).
lobe overlaps the two adjacent ones.
2. Thelymitra truncata.
Fig. 1. Side view of column showing the single truncated
lobe of git hood situated between the penicillate appendages. The
dotted portion is yellow in colour, and the superior margin of the
lobe is slightly denticulated.
Fig. 2. A front view of the column showing the stigmatic
Biiiaice and rostellum, above which is seen a portion of the anther.
Fig. 3. A top view of the hood of the column showing the
truncated yellow (dotted) lobe between the penicillate appendages.
The tip of the anther is seen projecting within the horseshoe
formed by the upper margin of this lobe. Hair-tufts are white.
344
RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF AUSTRALIAN
CHALCIDOIDEA.
By Aan P. Dopp.
[Read October 11, 1917.]
The following species have been collected by the author
in the Cairns district, Northern Queensland, or have been
-received from Mr. G. F. Hill, formerly Government
Entomologist of the Northern Territory; a single species is
from Townsville, received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Many of
the species have been reared, and the records are of interest ;
several have been bred from that wide-spread pest, the bean-
fly Agromyza phaseoli, Coq., and others are from insects of
economic importance. The types are in the collection of the
Queensland Museum at Brisbane.
Family CHALCIDIDAE.
STOMATOCEROIDES CLARISCAPUS, Nn. Sp.
@. Length, 310 mm. Black; legs reddish-yellow, the
anterior coxae black, the anterior femora and tibiae, dusky,
or the coxae, femora, and tibiae, sometimes almost wholly
dusky-black; antennal scape, pedicel, ring-joint, and funicle
1, testaceous, the rest black; tegulae reddish; abdomen
ventrally more or less washed with red.
Antennal scrobes extending to vertex of head, the
anterior ocellus plainly not within the scrobes. Head,
pronotum, scutum, and_ scutellum, densely umbilicately
punctate, and finely alutaceous, the punctures large;
scutellum faintly emarginate at apex; propodeum without
teeth. Abdomen rather slender, somewhat longer than the
thorax; segment 2 almost as long as the following combined,
4 the shortest, 5 shorter than 3, 6 nearly as long as 3,
7 distinctly longer, 8 fully as long as 7; 2 and 3 smooth,
4 practically smooth except for a row of scattered setae,
5 and 6 with faint surface sculpture and scattered setae,
sculpture distinct and setae more numerous on 7 and 8.
Hind femora not very much larger than their coxae, with
numerous fine comb-like teeth (about 24) along distal half of
ventral margin. Forewings hyaline except for a stain beneath
the marginal vein; marginal vein fully twice as long as the
short stout stigmal, the postmarginal very short. Pedicel
twice as long as wide, longer than any of the funicle joints, of
which 1 is slightly shorter than 2, 3-7 very gradually
shortening, 1 one-fourth longer than wide, 7 quadrate; ring
joint large, but wider than long.
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Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (several females on
leaves of sugarcane, December, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Type.—A female on a tag.
Differing from the other species of the genus in having
the first four antennal joints testaceous. The variation in the
colour of the legs is of interest.
STOMATOCEROIDES RUBRIPES, Girault.
Two females, one male, reared from larvae of a Tineid
inhabiting galls on Eucalyptus pharynhaie Cairns district,
October, 1915, A. P. Dodd.
7 STOMATOCERAS GRACILICORPUS, Girault.
This is a parasite of the sugarcane bud-moth, Opogonia
glycyphaga, Meyrick; one male, one female were bred from
that host, Cairns district, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd.
Family ELASMIDAE.
ELASMUS TELICOTAE, 0. sp.
Q. Length, 2 mm. Head and thorax rather dark
metallic-green, the postscutellum lemon-yellow, the thorax
otherwise unmarked with yellow; abdomen intense orange,
the base and apex moderately broadly metallic, the orange
portion unmarked ; legs pale lemon-yellow, the posterior coxae
metallic for about dorsal third; antennal scape lemon-yellow,
the pedicel and flagellum brownish; tegulae lemon-yellow.
Head with the usual umbilicate punctures; scutum with
dense stiff black hairs or bristles, the scutellum naked except
for two bristles against either lateral margin; scutum and
scutellum finely densely scaly. Abdomen slender; with a row
of black setae at sutures of segments. Forewings hyaline ;
moderately broad. Pedicel slightly shorter than funicle 3
which is two-thirds longer than wide, 1 a little longer; club
joint 1 a little longer than 2, slightly longer than wide; two
ring joints, the first minute, the second distinct.
3. Length, 160 mm. Anterior and intermediate coxae
metallic at extreme base, the posterior pair almost wholly
metallic; last two pairs of femora metallic except at base and
apex ; basal half of abdomen ventrad, and a lesser area dorsad,
orange somewhat suffused dusky.
Antennal scape rather short and stout; pedicel short but
much larger than any of the first three funicle joints; one
short ring joint; funicle joints 1-3 very short, each bearing
a long slender ramus; 4 very long, over twice as long as 1-3
united and much longer than the club, its margins irregularly
serrate like the rami; club joint 1 slightly longer than 2, 3 4
mere nipple.
346
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (a large series bred
from larvae of the Hesperid butterfly, Z'elicota augias, on
leaves of sugarcane, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Types.—Three females, one male, on a tag; heads and
antennae on a slide.
The parasites pupate loosely and naka beside the skin
of the host. Several heads crushed revealed no trace of
mandibles; are they absent? Belonging to that group of
species in which the head and thorax are unmarked metallic
except for the yellow postscutellum, the posterior coxae are
partially metallic, and the abdomen has the base and apex
metallic with a long intermediate yellow area, and containing
unguttativentris, Girault, and murwillumbahensis, Girault,
but differing from both in the long unmarked orange portion
of abdomen.
EURYISCHIA SHAKESPEAREI, Girault.
Several females reared from puparia of a small Dipteron
(Phorid ?) attacking the sugarcane aphid, Aphis sacchari,
_ October, 1915, Cairns district, A. P. Dodd. A single parasite
emerges from each puparium.
EURYVISCHIA ALEURODIS, Nn. Sp.
Q. Length, 0°75 mm. Dull black, unmarked; coxae,
femora, and hind tibiae dusky, the legs otherwise pallid ;
antennae wholly clear golden-yellow.
Face inflexed; scutum and scutellum with fine scaly
surface sculpture ; abdomen conic-ovate, the ovipositor a little
exserted. Forewings indefinitely stained beneath marginal
vein; moderately broad; marginal cilia equal to about one-
fifth greatest wing width ; discal cilia fine and dense, at widest
portion in about 30 lines; venation indistinct, fuscous; stigmal
vein two-thirds length of marginal vein. Antennae 9-jointed,
with a ring joint; pedicel slender, as long as first two funicle
joints combined ; funicle joints as wide or a little wider than
long, 1 distinctly smaller than 2 or 3; club wider than funicle,
joints 1 and 2 rather wider than long.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (four females reared
from Alewrodes on sugarcane, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Type.—Two females on a slide.
A small inconspicuous species; the ciliation of the fore-
wings is as in shakespearei.
Family PTEROMALIDAE.
PoOLYCYSTOMYIA BENEFICA, Nl. Sp.
©. Length, 175 mm. Agreeing with the generic
diagnosis, but there are delicate obscure lateral carinae that
347
fail anteriorly, and the abdominal segments are a little
different, 3 being as long as 2 and distinctly longer than 4,
4-7 subequal in length.
Dark metallic-green, the coxae concolorous, the legs
otherwise golden-yellow, the femora and tibiae sometimes
somewhat darker; antennae, the scape yellow.
Head, dorsal aspect, transverse, a little wider than the
thorax ; viewed from in front scarcely wider than long; vertex
and frons with dense coarse raised reticulation, near mouth
border with fine converging striae; mandibles 3- and 4-dentate,
the teeth acute. Scutum and scutellum coarsely reticulate-
punctate ; parapsidal furrows delicate, one-half complete from
anteriorly; scutedum large, simple; propodeum densely
reticulate-punctate, without a median carina or spiracular
sulci, but there is a circular fovea present against anterior
margin between the spiracle and the mecon, the propodeum
long, with a distinct neck. Petiole short, much shorter than
the posterior coxae; body of abdomen convex above, gently so
beneath ; acute at apex; a little wider but no longer than the
thorax. Forewings ample; hyaline; postmarginal vein twice
as long as the rather long stigmal, slightly shorter than the
marginal; Antennae inserted in middle of face, 13-jointed,
with three ring and three club joints; scape long and slender ;
pedicel somewhat shorter than funicle 1, which is about as
long as 4, 2 and 3 a little longer, barely twice as long as wide,
5 a little shorter than 4; club with a terminal nipple, joints
1 and 2 subequal in length, 3 a little shorter; ring joints
transverse, the first smallest.
oa Length, 165 mm. Abdomen short, distinctly shorter
than the thorax, yellowish for basal half except around
margin. Antennae with two ring, seven funicle, and two club
joints; scape dusky-yellow for basal half, rest of antennae
black; pedicel short, obconique; funicle joints long and
slender, pubescent, joint 1 a little the longest; club somewhat
longer than funicle 1, club joint 1 longer than 2.
Hab. eecacland.- Cairns district (a large series bred
from the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems of cow-pea,
August, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Types. tag females, one male, on a tag, female head
and antennae on a slide.
TRIGONOGASTRA AGROMYZAE, Nl. sp.
Q. Length, 175 mm. Dark metallic-green, the coxae
concolorous; rest of legs golden-yellow, also the antennal
scape.
Head, dorsal aspect, transverse, a little wider than the
thorax; viewed from in front, distinctly wider than long
348
(dorso-ventral), the cheeks rounded; antennae inserted in
centre of face; sculptured like the thorax. Thorax densely
reticulate-punctate, including the propodeum; parapsidal
furrows one-half complete from anteriorly; scutellum simple ;
propodeum moderately long, but without a distinct neck,
noncarinate, but with straight spiracular sulci. Petiole finely
reticulate, over twice as long as hind coxae; body of abdomen
short, pomted at apex, convex above and beneath, glabrous ;
segment 3 longest; occupying one-half of surface, distinctly
longer than 2, the following very short. Forewings ample;
broad; hyaline; postmarginal vein a little shorter than the
marginal and twice as long as the rather long stigmal. Both
mandibles strongly 4-dentate. Antennae 13-+jointed, with two
ring and three club joints; pedicel about as long as funicle 1,
which is one-third longer than wide, 6 quadrate; first club
joint slightly the longest; quadrate; ring joints small,
transverse.
Hab.—Queensland: Gordonvale (four females bred from
the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoh, in stems of cow-pea,
August, 1915, A. P. Dodd; also three females labelled,
“Parasite of Bean-fly, Darwin, N.T., 5/5/15, G. F. Hill.’)
Type.—A female on a tag, antennae and head on a slide.
Waterstone, 1915, has described a species of this genus,
rugosa, parasitic on the same host in Ceylon, but bearing
heterodont mandibles.
PTEROSEMA SUBAENEA, N. Sp.
@. Length, 175 mm. Head and thorax very dark
metallic-green, almost black, the abdomen aeneous-green ;
coxae concolorous, also the femora, rest of legs golden-yellow ;
antennal scape yellow, the rest black.
Head large, transverse, a little wider than the thorax ;
viewed from in front distinctly wider than long; densely
reticulate in raised lines; mandibles strongly 4-dentate.
Thorax densely reticulate-punctate, the propodeum more
densely so; stout; pronotum very short, its latero-anterior
angles prominent and subacute; scutum much wider than
long; parapsidal furrows one-half complete from anteriorly ;
scutellum large, simple; axillae sharply declivous; propodeum
short, transverse, with a short abbreviated median carina,
and short incomplete lateral carinae which curve and continue
towards meson for some distance ; spiracles small, no spiracular
sulci. Petiole slender, as long or a little longer than hind
coxae; body of abdomen slender, pointed conic-ovate, no
longer than head and thorax united; somewhat convex above,
straight beneath; segment 2 occupying less than one-third
of surface, 3-4 subequal, combined fully as long as 2, 5-6
349
subequal, each somewhat shorter than 4, 7-8 short. Forewings
normal; very broad; hyaline; basal third or more without
discal cilia; marginal vein somewhat longer than the
postmarginal, the latter over one-half longer than the stigmal.
Antennae 13-jointed, with two ring and three club joints;
scape long and slender; pedicel one-third longer than wide;
ring joints very short; funicle 1 quadrate, 2-3 very slightly
longer, 4 quadrate, 5-6 a little wider than long; club joints
1-2 of equal length, wider than long.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female bred
from the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems of cow-pea,
August, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Type. —A female on a tag, head, antennae, and hind
legs, on a slide.
EURYDINOTA BRACONIS, 0. sp.
@. Length, 1:70 mm. Dark metallic-green, the abdomen
with purplish tinges; legs golden-yellow, the posterior coxae
metallic, the other coxae washed metallic; antennal scape
yellow, rest of antennae black.
Head and thorax densely reticulate in raised lines, less
coarse on the head, on the propodeum approaching to
punctate; collar of pronotum finely polygonally sculptured.
Head, dorsal aspect, transverse, slightly wider than the
thorax; viewed from in front distinctly wider than long;
mandibles 4-dentate, the teeth acute. Pronotum short;
scutum large, the parapsidal furrows about one-half or more
complete; scutellum large, simple; propodeum with a distinct
neck, the median carina obscure and abbreviated posteriorly,
the lateral carinae distinct and complete, spiracle oval, no
spiracular sulci. Petiole very short, hidden by the propodeal
neck ; body of abdomen short and stout, somewhat wider than
the thorax but no longer; somewhat convex above, deeply
triangular beneath; segment 2 occupying nearly one-half of
surface, its posterior margin straight, 3 onehalf length of
2, the following very short. Forewings ample; broad ; hyaline ;
marginal vein distinctly shorter than the submarginal, a little
longer than the postmarginal, the latter a little longer than
the long slender stigmal. Antennae 13-jointed, with two
ring and three club joints ; scape moderately long and slender ;
pedicel distinctly longer than wide, distinctly longer than any
of the funicle joints; ring joints transverse; flagellum very
gently incrassate; funicle 1 a little longer than wide, 6 a little
wider than long; club joints a little wider than long, the first
the longest.
g. Abdomen less stout, straight beneath, gently convex
above; segment 2 occupying distinctly less than one-half of
350
surface, 3-6 subequal and each about one-half as long as 2.
Otherwise like the female.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns distrint (two males, five
females bred from Apanteles cocoons on larvae of Leucania
unipuncta, October, 1914, A. P. Dodd).
T'ypes.—A male and female on a tag, female head on a
slide.
Differs very much from the other Australian species of
the genus, pulcher, Girault and Dodd, in _ propodeal
characters, that species lacking lateral carinae, but bearing
spiracular sulci, also the marginal vein in braconis is much
shorter in comparison with the submarginal.
PTEROSEMOIDEA DROSOPHILAE, Nn. Sp.
@. Length, 175 mm. Dark aeneous-green; coxae
concolorous, the femora and tibiae reddish-yellow, the tarsi
paler; antennal scape reddish-yellow, the pedicel mostly
fuscous, the ring joints yellow (the third more or less dusky),
the flagellum. black. |
Head normal, no wider than the thorax; sculptured like
the scutum. Thorax rather stout; scutum densely closely
reticulate-punctate, open on pronotum, on scutellum, except
at apex, finer and closer than on scutum; propodeum
sculptured like the scutum; pronotum short; parapsidal
furrows shallow, obscure, but complete; scutellum large,
simple, propodeum rather long, without a trace of a median
carina, the lateral carinae delicate and obscure, no distinct
spiracular sulci. Petiole short, shorter than the hind coxae,
scaly ; body of abdomen short and broad, barely twice as long
as greatest width and hardly as long as thorax; depressed
above, convex beneath; pointed at apex; segments 2 and 3
combined occupying fully one-half of surface, 2 somewhat
longer than 3, 4 distinctly shorter than 3, 4-8 not
much unequal; posterior margin of segment 2 gently
convex. Forewings long; broad; hyaline; for entire
length of submarginal vein without discal ciliation, —
beyond the ciliation normal; marginal vein distinctly thicker
than the submarginal, postmarginal, or stigmal, one-third
length of submarginal, distinctly shorter than postmarginal,
as long as the long stigmal. Mandibles 3- and 4-dentate.
Antennae 13-jointed with three ring and three club joints;
scape long and slender; pedicel distinctly longer than any of
the funicle joints, one-half longer than wide; first two ring
joints small, the third larger; funicle 1 somewhat longer than
wide, slightly the longest, 5 as long as wide; club normal,
joints 1 and 2 wider than long, 2 a little longer than 1.
351
3. Like the female, but the abdomen flat, not convex
ventrad, segment 2 nearly twice as long as 3.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one male, five
females, bred from puparia of a Drosophilid fly, the larvae of
which destroy the sugarcane mealy bug, Pseudococcus( ?)
calceolariae, September, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Type.—A female on a tag, head and antennae on a slide.
In the female type and in the single male specimen, the
third ring joint is almost quadrate and suggests a small
funicle joint, somewhat as in Hypopteromalus dubwus, Girault
and Dodd; in all the other females it is much more transverse.
The length of the second and third abdominal segments is
greater than in the genotype and agrees better with
A pterosemoidea, Girault, but Pterosemoidea and A pterose-
moidea appear to the author to represent one genus. A single
parasite emerges from each puparium.
QOCTOMUS AUREINOTUM, Nn. sp.
Q. Length, 185 mm. Head and abdomen black, also
practically all venter of thorax, metanotum, and parapsides,
the rest of the thorax bright ochreous; antennal scape yellow,
the pedicel dusky, the flagellum black; petiole pallid; coxae
white, margined with black, the legs otherwise golden-yellow,
the femora with an elongate black mark at basal half, the
two posterior pair of tibiae somewhat dusky.
Head transverse. Pronotum short; scutum wider than
long, the parapsides convex; axillae meeting at base of
scutellum; scutellum as long as wide; postscutellum very
short; propodeum long, as long as the scutellum, the meson
faintly depressed and with two very delicate median grooves;
thorax wholly with fine polygonal scaly sculpture. Abdomen
ovate, no longer than the thorax. Forewings long and broad ;
somewhat infuscate, this darker and forming an obscure
blotch medially toward apex; apex almost truncate; marginal
cilia short; discal cilia very dense; marginal vein long, but
somewhat shorter than the submarginal. Petiole a little
longer than wide, but distinctly shorter than hind coxae.
Antennae 11-jointed; pedicel one-half longer than wide;
funicle joints elongate, the third and fourth slightly the
longest, a little longer than first, which is slightly longer than
the eighth, the latter two-and-a-half times as long as wide;
club very long, nearly as long as the three preceding joints
united.
| fHab.—Queensland: Yungaburra, 2,500 feet (one female,
jungle, May, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
T'ype.—A female on a slide.
352
ANTHEMUS CHIONASPIDIS (Dodd and Girault) HILLI, n. var.
Q. Length, U'40 mm. Thorax, legs, and antennae
intense lemon-yellow, the pronotum and scutum a little
darker; abdomen dusky-black; head orange, the eyes black,
the ocelli garnet.
Head transverse; ocelli wide apart, in a very obtuse-
angled triangle, the lateral ones near the eye margins. Fore-
wings blade-shaped; moderately narrow; marginal cilia very
long, the longest twice the greatest wing width; about five
rows of discal cilia are present. Hindwings narrow, nearly
as long as the forewings, wholly without discal cilia. Pronotum
well separated from the scutum, which is transverse, the
scutellum much longer, fully as long as wide; no other dorsal
sclerites visible. Abdomen broadly sessile, short, pointed
conic-ovate, the ovipositor and its valves exserted for a short
length. Tarsi 4-jointed. Head, viewed from in front,
somewhat wider than long; antennae inserted wide apart,
near the mouth border, 8-jointed; pedicel somewhat longer
than any of the funicle joints; funicle widening distad, the —
first joint small, the joints all somewhat wider than long; club
solid, nearly as long as the funicle.
3. Funicle joints verticillate-nodose, a little longer than
wide, all distinctly shorter than pedicel, the club as long as
two preceding joints united; antennae 9-jointed.
Hab.—-Northern Territory: Darwin (several specimens
of either sex labeiled ‘‘Parasitic on coccid on grass, 15/6/14,
G. Fae):
Type.—Two females, one male, on a slide.
The host is a form of Chionasms gramins. Chionasyndis,
Howard, is parasitic on the same host in Ceylon. Mr.
Girault, who has compared the types of hells with those of
chionasyndis, states: ‘‘hilli is smaller, of a brighter yellow
in colour, than the genotype, but otherwise I cannot tell
differences between them; it seems a good species, must be at
least. a variety; the black on its body contrasts with the
yellow; the genotype is dark-brown, not yellow.’’ It 1s
interesting to find this form in the Australian fauna. The
variety is named after the discoverer with much pleasure.
Family ENCYRTIDAE.
COCCOPHAGUS CLARUS, Nn. sp.
Q. Length, 0°40 mm. Pale lemon-yellow, immaculate,
the legs and antennae concolorous.
Forewings hyaline; normally ciliate, the discal cilia
fine and of rdevake density, in about sixteen lines; longest
marginal cilia equal to one-third greatest wing width;
a
353
moderately broad, rounded at apex. Antennae 8-jointed;
pedicel longer than any of the funicle joints, of which 1 is
smaller than 2 or 3, which are about subequal, all somewhat
longer than wide; club a little wider than funicle, joint 2
scarcely longer than 1, about one-third longer than wide.
Venation thick and distinct, the marginal vein as long as the
submarginal, the stagmal almost parallel with the marginal ;
no postmarginal vein.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (several females in
vial with Aphelinus ciliatus and Aphelinus, sp., and labelled
“From Aspdiotus on HLucalyptus momatus, 6/7/15, Gak
Hill’
Pete x female on a slide, with type of Aphelinus
ciliatus.
APHELINUS CILIATUS, n. sp.
Q. Length, 045 mm. Pale lemon-yellow, the legs and
antennae concolorous, the abdomen with indications of dusky
cross-stripes.
Forewings hyaline; moderately broad; marginal cilia
short; discal cilia coarse in patches, the spaces between with
very fine cilia, forming a colourless pattern ; patches of coarse
cilia arranged as follows:—A square area against anterior
margin some distance beyond marginal vein ; a large oval area
against distal margin; an area running from stigma] vein
disto-posteriorly to near centre, narrowed at base, thickened
at apex; a small area below apex of this last area, connected
with an irregular long area against posterior margin and
continued proximad to hairless line; a small area against
disto-posterior margin; a small area centrally against and
distad of hairless line; a large round area proximad of hairless
line, this last area with fine cilia in centre; venation yellow.
Pedicel a little longer than first club joint, which is quadrate,
the funicle joints very short, transverse, 1 smaller than 2;
second club joint nearly four times as long as first.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (four females
labelled as with Coccophagus clarus). . :
Type.—Two females on a slide, with type of Coccophagus
clarus.
Allied with perissoptroides, Girault, ‘but the coarse ~
discal cilia are broken up into more areas, the semi-naked
areas 8 being more numerous.
SIGNIPHORA RETICULATA, Girault.
A series bred from puparia of Drosophilid fiy, predaceous
on Pseudococcus on sugarcane, October, 1915, A. P. Dodd.
The host is the same as that of Pterosemoided drosophilae,
Dodd.
M
304
COCCIDENCYRTUS EUCALYPTI, n. sp.
Q. length, 085 mm. Bright metallic brassy-green,
the abdomen darker; coxae metallic, also anterior and hind
femora and hind tibiae, the rest of the legs yellow; scape,
pedicel, and club submetallic, the scape and pedicel yellow
at apex, the funicle dusky-yellow.
Head normal, the face inflexed, the antennal scrobes
long; frons moderately broad; eyes large, almost bare.
Pronotum very short; scutum large, longer than the
scutellum; head, scutum, and scutellum densely reticulate-
punctate; axillae feebly sculptured, somewhat separated.
Abdomen triangular, short, distinctly shorter than thorax.
Forewings attaining well beyond apex of abdomen; broad ;
hyaline; marginal vein very short, thickened, the stigmal
short and straight, fully twice as long as the very short —
postmarginal. Antennae 11-jointed; scape slender; pedicel
one-third longer than wide, much longer than any of the
funicle joints; funicle widening distad, the joints much wider
than long, 1 the smallest; club enlarged, as long as: funicle,
truncate at apex, 3-jointed, joint 1 a little the longest.
Mandibles slender, tridentate, the teeth acute. |
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (a large series
labelled “Galls on Hucalyptus miumatus, 1/8/15, G. F. Hill’).
Type.—Twe females on a slide.
Differs from J6zcoloricornis, Girault, in colorational
details, in the sculpture of the thorax, rather different
antennal segmentation, and wing venation.
TETRACNEMELLA MEGYMENI, Nn. sp.
Q@. Length, 135 mm. Of stout form, resembling the
Proctotrypoid genus, Hadronotus, Foerster.
Dark metallic-green, the scutellum brilliant, also the
vertex, scutum, and base of abdomen; tarsi, knees, and all of
intermediate legs (except the coxae), intense golden-yellow ;
antennae wholly concolorous.
Head (dorsal aspect), broad; ocelli very small; eyes very
large, the frons between the eyes moderately broad; face
normal, gently inflexed; antennal scrobes shallow, not long,
the antennae separated by a rounded prominence. Head with
dense polygonal fine reticulation, finer on the thorax. Thorax
stout; scutellum a little longer than the scutum; axillae
widely separated. Abdomen stout, as wide at base as at
centre, a little wider than long. Teeth of mandibles small,
the inner tooth broadly truncate. Forewings with a smoky
band across wing terminating just beyond apex of stigmal
vein; attaining apex of abdomen; marginal vein short, no
350
longer than the stigmal, the latter twice as long as the very
short postmarginal. Antennae 11-jointed; scape slender, also
the pedicel; funicle joints about subequal, a little narrower
than pedicel, over twice as long as wide; club joints longer
than wide, the first a little the longest, a little longer than ~
last funicle joint. Ovipositor not extruded.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (several females with
the variety brachyptera and hyalinipennis, and labelled
“From eggs of the Hemipteron, Megymenum insulare,
Pepe 05. eB Hill’). |
Type.—A female on a tag, two heads on a slide. |
BRACHYPTERA, Nh. var.
Q. Like the typical form, but the wings aborted, mere
flaps; anterior tibiae almost wholly yellow.
3 Funicle joints much longer than the pedicel which is
short, the joints densely pubescent; posterior tibiae yellow
also.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (a large series
labelled as with the typical form).
Types.—A female and male on a tag.
TETRACNEMELLA HYALINIPENNIS, N. sp.
@. Length, 125 mm. Wholly dull dark green; the
legs wholly clear golden-yellow; abdomen with its ventral
basal half or more, and dorsad (except laterally), golden-
yellow; antennae wholly yellow, slightly dusky.
Scutellum with much denser sculpture than the scutum.
Forewings hyaline. First funicle joint distinctly the shortest,
one-third longer than wide, 3-4 slightly the longest, barely
twice as long as wide; pedicel fully twice as long as funicle 1
(not so in megymeni). Otherwise as in megyment.
36. Length, 110 mm. Abdomen merely suffused
yellow basally. Funicle joints pubescent, longer than in the
female, 1 somewhat longer than pedicel.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (four females, one
male, labelled as in megymeni).
Types.—Two females on a tag, female and male heads
on a slide.
TETRACNEMELLA HEMIPTERA, Girault.
EBricydnus hemipterus, Girault.
Closely related to megyment. Girault has wrongly
placed the species in Hricydnus, to which genus it cannot
belong, since the axillae are widely ‘separated.
M2
356
CRISTATITHORAX VIRIDISCUTUM, Girault.
Three females bred from ootheca of a common Blattid,
Ellipsidion pellucidum, on leaves of sugarcane, Cairns district,
April, 1915, 2. P. Dodd.
KUPELMUS, sp.
Q. Length, 165 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor.
Aeneous-green; legs concolorous, the intermediate tibiae
golden-yellow, washed with metallic for basal third, the
knees, apex of posterior tibiae, and the last two pairs of
tarsi, yellow, the anterior tarsi dusky, the intermediate
femora yellow at. base ; antennae wholly concolorous; ovipositor
valves concolorus, with an intermediate whitish portion of
varying length, but never longer than the distal dark portion,
the white portion sometimes obscure, the valves then
appearing nearly wholly concolorous.
Head, dorsal aspect, somewhat wider than the thorax ;
with open impressed reticulation ; eyes large, feebly pubescent.
Thorax densely scaly; scutum rather long; the median lobe
rather feebly depressed posteriorly; scutellum convex, the
axillae a little separated at its base. Abdomen no wider than
the thorax; widest at two-thirds its length; finely scaly;
segments 2-5 incised at meson of posterior margin; ovipositor
extruded for a length equal to less than one-third that of
abdomen. Intermediate tarsi with numerous black teeth.
Forewings almost attaining apex of ovipositor; hyaline;
marginal vein long, about as long as the submarginal, the
postmarginal no longer than the stigmal. Scape slender;
pedicel a little longer than joints 3 or 4 of funicle; flagellum
gently incrassate ; funicle 1 short, ring-like, wider than long,
2 nearly thrice as long but distinctly shorter than 3 or 4,
which are fully twice as long as wide and longest, 8 quadrate.
Mandibles tridentate.
3. Anterior tibiae and tarsi wholly yellow. Scutum not
depressed ; propodeum distinctly longer than in the female,
with a median carina. Abdominal segments not incised at
meson of posterior margin. Antennae 11-jointed, with one
transverse ring joint, the club solid; scape not long but much
longer than any of the funicle joints; pedicel stout, a little
longer than wide, ring joint very short; flagellum pilose;
funicle 1 over twice as long as wide, 1-4 subequal, the others
a little shorter; club twice as long as preceding joint, a little
longer than the scape.
Several specimens bred from the bean-fly, Agromyza
phaseoli, in stems of cow-pea, Cairns district, September, 1915
(A. P. Dodd).
3o7
Running in Girault’s table of species (1915) to gray,
Girault, and Javoirsiert, Girault. The color of the oviposital
valves in this species is certainly variable, and the use of that
character for specific distinctions is questionable.
ANASTATUS ARISTOTELEA, Girault.
Specimens, which agreed with the description of this
species, were received, labelled ‘‘From eggs of the
Neuropteron, J'orbia viridissema, Darwin, Northern Territory,
1/8/15, G. F. Hill.’ Thus three such closely allied species
as popuncult, Perkins, blattidifurax, Girault, and aristotelea,
Girault, are parasitic on hosts of different orders.
METAPELMA SUPERBA, N. Sp.
Q. Length, 450 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor.
Aeneous-green, with brilliant green and purfle reflections ;
legs deep rufous, washed lightly with metallic, the posterior
femora more so, the posterior coxae purple, the basal two
joints of intermediate tarsi white; scape golden-yellow, the
antennae otherwise dark; oviposital valves wholly dark.
Head a little wider than the thorax; eyes large, feebly
pubescent, somewhat convergent dorsally; ocelli large, equi-
distant from each other, the lateral pair almost touching the
eye margins; viewed from in front the head is almost circular,
slightly longer than wide; vertex and less than upper half of
face with scaly impressed reticulation ; lower half or more of
face depressed and margined, transversely lineolate and with
short white flattened setae; from lateral aspect below eyes
closely finely reticulate-punctate ; mandibles large, tridentate ;
apical joint of maxillary palpi enlarged, long and conspicuous.
Thorax without conspicuous pubescence; scutum deeply
depressed at meson, the ridges acute; lateral lobes finely
transversely lineolate, the median lobe closely finely
polygonally reticulate-punctate, also the scutellum and
axillae ; scutellum declivous at apex; axillae plainly separated
at base; the long lateral sclerite of thorax finely very closely
longitudinally striate; propodeum short, very finely trans-
versely lineolate, the spiracle large and oval. Abdomen short
and broad, as in Anastatus; abruptly declivous at apex;
rather finely scaly; segments 2-4 incised at meson of posterior
margin; oviposital valves exserted for a length one-half
greater than that of abdomen. Intermediate tarsi armed
with stout black teeth; posterior tibiae and basal tarsal joint
compressed and flat, not very broad. Forewings long and
broad; base of wing hyaline, from a little proximad of base
of marginal vein rather deeply clouded, fading distad,
!
358
beyond postmarginal vein hyaline; venation yellow; marginal
vein as long as the submarginal, the stigmal rather long, the
postmarginal vein twice as.long as the stigmal. Antennae
inserted on a level with ventral ends of eyes and wide apart;
13-jomted, without a ring joint, the club 3-jointed ; scape long
and slender, nearly as long as next four joints combined ;
pedicel nearly thrice as long as greatest width, over twice as
long as funicle 1; funicle 2 hardly longer than the pedicel,
3-8 shortening, 8 slightly longer than wide; club twice as
long as preceding joint; flagellum very gently incrassate.
Hab.—Queensland: Townsville (four females labelled
‘On tree-trunks, 1903, F. P. Dodd’’).
T'ype.—A female on a tag, antennae and forewings on a
shde.
A fine distinct form. Differing from the other Australian
species, westwoodr, Girault, in colorational details, the wing
infuscation, the non-dilated scape which is not concolorous,
the pedicel being much longer than funicle 1, the axillae
distinctly not meeting at base, the longer oviposital valves,
the shorter postmarginal vein which is much shorter than the
marginal. In three females the length is about the same, but
in the fourth it 1s distinctly shorter, being but 3 mm.
Family EURYTOMIDAE.
HEXEURYTOMA, 0. g.
Q. Head normal, transverse; face with a deep antennal
channel, the anterior ocellus not within this. Head and
thorax coarsely confluently umbilicately punctate; pronotum
large, quadrate; parapsidal furrows deep and complete;
scutellum large; propodeum short. Abdomen slender, com-
pressed laterally, one-half longer than the thorax; viewed
from the side much longer than high, not rising abruptly
from base, gently convex above, straight beneath; sessile;
segment 2 (first body segment) carinate along anterior margin
and with a median carina to near posterior margin, on either
side of this carina with a wide shallow sulcus with obtusely
carinate lateral margins; 3 and 4 combined hardly longer than
1, subequal; 5 as long as 2-4 combined; 6 one-half as long as
5; 7 rather longer than 6;’8 short; pointed at apex. Hind
tibiae with two short stout spurs. Forewings ample, marginal
vein linear, a little longer than the postmarginal, which is
slightly longer than the stigmal. Antennae inserted in
middle of face; scape, pedicel, one ring, six funicle joints,
the club appearing 2-jointed but not truly divided and thus .
subsolid; funicle 1 fully half as long as the scape, the funicle
moniliform. 7
359
Resembling Hurytoma, Illiger, very much, but the 6-
jointed antennal funicle and sessile abdomen are distinctive
characters. |
HEXEURYTOMA GRANDIS, N. sp.
Q. Length, 440 mm. Black, shining; antennal scape
and pedicel black, the flagellum clear testaceous; legs reddish-
yellow, the tibiae paler, apex of tibiae and all tarsi whitish,
the anterior coxae black; tegulae yellow; antennal club dusky
at apex.
Propodeum coarsely irregularly rugose, with a semi-
circular median channel. Abdominal segments 2 and 3 smooth,
4 finely obscurely punctulate at basal half, 5-8 densely
punctulate, the punctures joined by fine lines, 6-8 with
scattered long setae. Forewings hyaline; venation pale
yellow. Pedicel short, fully as wide as long; ring joint small,
transverse; funicle 1 over twice as long as pedicel, one-half
longer than wide, the rest a little longer than wide; club
conical, twice as long as greatest width.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female on leaves
of sugarcane, December, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Type.—A female on a tag, the antennae on a slide.
EURYTOMA.
Three undetermined species of this genus have been bred
as follows:—/a) From cocoons of Apanteles on Leucania
umpuncta, October, 1914, Cairns district, A. P. Dodd;
(6) From the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems of cow-
pea, August, 1915, A. P. Dodd, Cairns district ; (c) Labelled
“Parasite of bean-fly, 4gromyza phaseoli, Darwin, Northern
Territory, 5/5/15, G. F. Hill.’”” The three species are
moderately small, wholly black, the legs mostly black, the
wings hyaline; the two first have the antennae wholly black,
while the third has the scape yellow.
Family PERILAMPIDAE.
PERILAMPUS CAIRNSENSIS, Girault.
Two females reared from larvae of Lewcania unipuncta, ©
Cairns district, N.Q., December, 1914, A. P. Dodd. The
colour in these specimens is brilliant blue-green with purplish
reflections, the head brilliant coppery.
Family CLEONYMIDAE.
AGAMERION METALLICA, Girault.
In the Cairns district, this is a very common parasite of
the egg-cases of a common Blattid on sugarcane, Ellipsidion
360
pellucidum, destroying more than half their number. The
ootheca is laid exposed on the surface of the leaf; the parasite
when ready to emerge fully occupies the whole space of the
destroyed eggs.
Family CALLIMOMIDAE.
PODAGRION NIGRICLAVA, N. Sp.
@. Length 2°60 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor, which
is nearly as long as the body. Dull aeneous-green, the coxae
concolorous, also the hind femora except at the base and apex ;
rest of legs intensely yellow, the first two pairs of femora, and
apical half of posterior tibiae, more or less rufous; antennae
golden-yellow, the club black.
Teeth on posterior femora usually seven, distinct and
acute, 1 largest, 3 next largest, 2 shortest; sometimes there is
a very small additional tooth between 2 and 3, or there may
be a very small tooth between 5 and 6, but this is more often
confluent with 5, which thus may be broad and bidentate.
First funicle joint a little longer than wide, 7 twice as wide
as long, the club two-thirds as long as the funicle. Propodeum
with polygonal reticulation and numerous irregular cariae;
median carina forking at one-fourth its length. Scutellum
not smooth at apex but the sculpture somewhat finer there.
Forewings hyaline; stigmal vein short, shorter than the short
postmarginal. |
do. Like the female, but the anterior and intermediate
legs (except their coxae) intense yellow; funicle joints rather
longer, the first less than one-half longer than wide, 7
quadrate, the club not one-half as long as the funicle;
posterior femora with five acute teeth, 2 small, the others
large, almost subequal.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (numerous females,
one male, labelled ‘‘From Mantid ootheca, 3/1/15, G. F.
i El igs
Types.—A female and male on a tag.
Asymmetry in the femoral teeth is common. A closely
allied form to the other Australian species. Differs from
_ beneficowm, Girault, in the colour of the legs and antennae,
and the branching of propodeal median carina; from.
washingtom, Girault, and paz, Girault, in having the distal
funicle joints wider than long; from pavo, Girault, in the
colour of the male, and the larger number of femoral teeth in
both sexes; from groti#, Girault, in the much _ shorter
ovipositor ; from batesi, Girault, in the colour of the legs, in
having the median carina on propodeum forking at base, and
in bearing one more tooth on the posterior femora; from
hyalina, Girault, in having the scutellum sculptured at apex.
361.
MEGASTIGMUS HILLI, nN. sp. _
Q. Length, 1:95 mm., excluding the ovipositor. Orange-
yellow, immaculate except for a narrow black line on suture
between axillae and tegulae; eyes and ocelli garnet; ovipositor
black; legs golden-yellow, also the antennae, the sutures
between the joints dark. | .
Body stout; head and thorax finely transversely
wrinkled, without punctures; propodeum densely coriaceous ;
scutellum simple, with six long setae; propodeum non-
carinate. Abdomen sessile, a little shorter than the thorax ;
ovipositor exserted for a length equal to one-half that of
abdomen. Forewings ample; hyaline; marginal vein some-
what longer than the postmarginal, which is somewhat longer
than the stigmal. Antennae 13-jointed, with one distinct
ring joint, the club 3-jointed; pedicel distinctly longer than
funicle 1, which is quadrate, the others wider than long; club
almost as long as the three preceding joints united, joints 1
and 2 quadrate.
dé. Lemon-yellow, the following parts black: First
two pairs of tarsi, a line through “meson of scutum and
scutellum broadened at posterior third of scutum and more so
at posterior half of scutellum, base of propodeum broadly,
not reaching far laterally, and produced posteriorly at its
lateral extremities, most of tegulae and adjacent suture
against axillae, basal third of abdomen dorsally more or less,
and a broad transverse band near apex of abdomen. Funicle
joints hardly wider than long.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (three males, one
female, labelled “From galls on Fucalyptus miniatus, 1/7/15,
foes. dill’).
T'ypes.—A male and female on a tag, female head on a
slide.
In Girault’s table of species (1915) running to
Lpimegastigmus grotiust, Girault, but differing in the shorter
funicle joints as well as the subgeneric characters. |
Family EULOPHIDAE.
NEODIMMOCKIA, 0. g.
2. Vertex thin; the frons somewhat wider than long,
not depressed; eyes large; mandibles 4-dentate. Thorax
normal; pronotum not as long as the scutum; parapsidal
furrows delicate, about one-third complete from anteriorly ;
scutellum long, without grooves; axillae not at all advanced ;
propodeum rather long, with a faint median carina at base,
no other carinae or sulci, the spiracles small. Abdomen short
and rather stout; somewhat convex above, more so beneath;
362
subsessile; segment 2 occupying about one-fourth of surface.
Legs normal; hind tibial spur slender. Forewings ample; the
marginal cilia rather long; marginal vein as long as the
submarginal, over twice as long as the postmarginal, which
is nearly twice as long as the stigmal, the latter of moderate
length. Antennae inserted in middle or slightly above middle
of face, far above ventral ends of eyes; scape, pedicel, one
ring, and four funicle joints, the club 3-jointed, including a
nipple-like third joint which is apparently articulated ; funicle
joints long and filiform.
dg. Antennal joints of same number as in the female,
the first three funicle joints each bearing a long ramus.
Of the Hemiptarsenine genera with 4-jointed funicle,
Sympiesonecremnus, Girault, and Mecremnomya, Girault,
bear two ring joints, and Hlachertonecremnus, Girault, has
short clavate antennae which are situated below middle of
face and below ventral ends of the eyes. Allied with
Dimmockia, Ashmead, and Diaulomella, Girault, of the
Eulophim, but careful examination of several hind tibiae
revealed no second tibial spur. The insertion of the antennae
and the non-advanced axillae appear distinctive.
NEODIMMOCKIA AGROMYZAE, Nn. sp.
@. Length, 150 mm. Rather dark blue-green; the
coxae concolorous, also posterior femora and basal half of
intermediate femora, the legs otherwise white, the anterior
tibiae faintly edged darker, the anterior tarsi dusky, also
other tarsi (except their basal joint) and apical third of pos-
terior tibiae; antennae black, the scape suffused with white,
the apical two club joints pale whitish.
Scape slender; pedicel over one-half longer than greatest
width; funicle 1 over twice as long as pedicel, 2 and 3 a little
shorter than 1, 4 distinctly so; club about as long as funicle
2, joint 1 distinctly longer than 2. Thorax densely reticulate
in raised lines; on scutellum with a longitudinal tendency ;
propodeum with fine impressed reticulation; scutellum with a
single seta on either side of meson posteriorly. Wings hyaline.
3. Length, 125 mm. Colorationally like the female.
Antennae wholly black; pedicel one-half longer than wide;
funicle 1 no longer than pedicel, 2 twice as long as l, 3
slightly longer than 2, 4 two-thirds longer, than 3; club a
little shorter than funicle 4; ramus on funicle 1 at base of
joint, on 2 and 3 at distal third.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (two males, three
females bred from the bean-fly, Agromyza phaseoli, in stems
of cow-pea, August, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
363
Types.—Two females on a tag, male and female head,
antennae, and hind legs on a slide.
ACANTHENTEDON, 0. g.
©. Head wide, very transverse, wider than the thorax,
the occiput concave; eyes large. Pronotum short, produced
semi-acutely laterally in the form of a stout tooth; scutum
large, the parapsidal furrows complete but not distinct on
account of the coarseness of the sculpture, just in front of
the tegulae and far laterally is a short blunt projection ;
scutellum large, convex, without grooves; ‘axillae abruptly
declivous, scarcely advanced; propodeum from lateral aspect
situated much below scutellum, rather long, with a median
carina bounded by sulci and a long sulcus or groove running
obliquely from anterior margin just inside spiracle to lateral
margin near apex of median carina. Propodeum covering
petiole and base of abdomen, the abdomen thus appearing
sessile, the petiole visible only from the side, inserted
perpendicularly; body of abdomen almost. flat above, faintly
convex beneath ; pointed long-conical but only slightly longer
than head and thorax united ; segment 2 occupying less than
one-fourth of surface, its posterior margin gently convex, 3
shortest, 3-7 gradually lengthening, 7 almost as long as 2, 8
slightly shorter. Mandibles deeply bidentate. Forewings
ample; submarginal vein distinctly broken; marginal vein
long, the stigmal very short, the postmarginal scarcely
developed. Antennae 10-jointed, scape, pedicel, three ring,
three funicle, and two club joints, ring joints small; funicle
joints all longer or as long as wide; club with a short terminal
nipple.
. This genus seems distinct from any of the many
Australian genera recently described by Girault. Of the
genera of the tribe with three ring and two club joints,
Pleurotropomyia, Girault, Zaommomentedon, Girault, and
Horismenella,.Girault, bear a median sulcus on the scutum;
Pseudacrias, Girault, Omphalentedon, Girault, Pleurotrop-
poms, Girault, and Hpentedon, Girault, bear true lateral
carinae on the propodeum; and F£ntedonella, Girault, has a
median carina only without any lateral sulci. Like Uracrias,
Girault, of the Pediobini, but the parapsidal furrows present,
lateral sulci of propodeum not continued along posterior
margin. The wide head, acute pronotal angles, and the long
pointed abdomen will serve to distinguish the genus from its
allies.
ACANTHENTEDON LATICEPS, 0. sp.
Q. Length, 250 mm. Dark metallic-green, the
propodeum bright blue-green; abdomen dull purple, segments.
364
2 and 3 brilliant blue-green, also a small area at base of 4 and
5 laterally, this area much larger on 6 and 7. Legs
concolorous, the trochanters, knees, apex of tibiae, and the
tarsi, white; antennae concolorous, the scape white.
Head, scutum, and _ scutellum with very coarse
reticulation, the pronotum, propodeum, and abdomen
smooth. Apical spur on hind tibiae normal. Wings hyaline.
Scutum with about six bristles, the scutellum with one on
either side rather far laterally and posteriorly. Pedicel a
little shorter than funicle 1 which is twice as long as wide and
distinctly longer than 2 or 3, 3 a little longer than wide; club
1 somewhat longer than wide, longer than 2. °
flab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female on leaves
of sugarcane, May, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Type.—A female on a tag, head and antennae on a slide.
MESTOCHAROMYIA OOPHAGA, 2. sp.
Q. Length, 1°30 mm. Dark metallic-blue; the antennae
concolorous, also the legs, the tarsi (except apical joint)
white.
Head no wider than the thorax; viewed from above
much wider than long; viewed from in front somewhat wider
than long; eyes large, bare; ocelli large, m an equilateral
triangle; vertex obscurely finely scaly; frons densely scaly,
below antennal insertion smooth; mandibles bidentate, the
teeth subequal, acute. Thorax with raised lines of reticulation,
the lines not dense, the propodeum shining and finely
obscurely scaly; pronotum transverse; scutum large, with
several scattered bristles; parapsidal furrows posteriorly
forming large shallow depressions, which are smooth and
shining; scutellum longer than wide, simple; propodeum
transverse, without a neck, at meson with two diverging
carinae, and also true lateral carimae are present, these
‘curving around posterior margin and joining the median
carinae; spiracles small, rounded, no spiracular sulci. Petiole
stout, wider than long, finely densely scaly; body of abdomen
ovate, no wider or longer than the thorax; wholly densely
scaly, except at base of segment 2; segment 2 occupying over
one-half of surface, its posterior margin straight; surface
with a few scattered setae. Hind tibial spur long and slender,
almost as long as first two tarsal joints combined;
intermediate tibial spurs also long and slender. Antennae
inserted somewhat below middle of face, anda little above a
line drawn across ventral end of eyes; 8-jointed, with one
ring, three funicle, and two club joints; scape slender ; pedicel
distinctly longer than any of the funicle joints, which are
globular, 1.a little the smallest; club not well separated
305
from the funicle, joint 1 subequal to funicle 3, 2 shorter with
a distinct terminal spine; ring joint distinct. Forewings
typical; very broad at apex; hyaline; marginal cilia short;
discal cilia absent for about proximal half, thence rather-
dense; submarginal vein distinctly broken, the marginal long,
the stigmal short, the postmarginal wanting.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (numerous females:
reared from egg-cases of a Blattid, Hllipsidion pellucidum,
on leaves of sugarcane, November, 1914, A. P. Dodd).
Type.—Three females on a tag, head, forewing, and hind
leg, on a slide.
Closely related to the other three members of the genus,
lividus, Girault, silvensis, Girault, and veternosus, Girault.
However it lacks the short median carina between the
diverging carinae, present in the two former species; differs
from lividus also in the short first funicle joint, and from
silvensis in the slender tibial spurs; separated from veternosus
by the straight posterior margin of the second abdominal
segment. |
PLEUROTROPOMYIA AENEOSCUTELLUM, Girault.
Segment 5 of abdomen with two rows of pubescence, 6
with about four rows, 7 with still more. Eyes rather densely
pubescent; vertex with very fine scaly sculpture and scattered
small setigerous punctures; a median groove runs from
anterior ocellus to about upper third of face where it joins
a fine cross-groove running from eye to eye, the face below
this deeply excavated, very: brassy, and without sculpture
except for a few cross-lines dorsad. Median lobe of scutum
with a single puncture bearing a long seta on either side near
anterior margin, the puncture on smooth inner area of
parapsides single, and a similar puncture rather far laterally
on scutellum at two-thirds its length.
Taken frequently on leaves of sugarcane, and a single
female bred from leaves of sugarcane, infested with a leaf-
mining Tineid, Cosmopteryx, sp., Cairns district, June, 1915,
A. P. Dodd.
RHICNOPELTOMYIA AENEICOXA, N. sp.
Q. Length, 150 mm. . Brilliant metallic-green, the
abdomen darker, the head and thorax with brassy tints;
coxae concolorous, the legs white; antennal scape white, the
pedicel dusky black, the flagellum dusky yellowish.
Head with fine dense scaly reticulation, vertex broad ;
frons normal, without sutures or enclosed sclerites ; antennae
inserted a little above ventral end of eyes. Thorax slender;
with fine dense scaly reticulation, the propodeum almost
smooth ; parapsidal furrows normal, complete; scutellum not
366
especially long, a little longer than wide; propodeum without
a median carina, laterally with short spiracular sulci; axillae
somewhat advanced. Abdomen a little wider and scarcely
longer than the thorax; with fine dense reticulation.
-Mandibles tridentate. Forewings long; broad, the apex
broadly rounded; hyaline; marginal cilia short; discal cilia
normal; postmarginal vein hardly shorter than the stigmal.
Antennae 10-jointed, scape, pedicel, three ring, two funicle,
and three club joints; first two ring joints small, the third
larger; pedicel scarcely longer than funicle 1, which is
distinctly longer than wide, 2 little yet distinctly shorter,
slightly longer than wide; club joints a little shorter, 1 and
2 a little wider than long.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female reared
from its pupa embedded in mid-rib of leaf of sugarcane, June,
1915, A. PY Deddy. | |
Type.—A female on a tag, antennae and forewings on
a slide. ,
Closest to douglassi, Girault, but that species has yellow
on the face, and the facial structure is different. Of the
species of Achrysocharella, Girault, approaching nearest to
olympus, Girault, and mackayensis, Girault; differs from the
former in having funicle 2 shorter than the pedicel;
mackayensis 1s only half the size of this species, but the
description agrees very well, though the species in question
is said to bear two ring joints. 7
ACHRYSOCHARIS.
A small species of this genus, related to brevicorms,
Girault, foersteri, Girault, and nigripes, Girault, reared from
stems of cow-pea badly infested with Agromyza phaseoli,
Cairns district, September, 1915, A. P. Dodd. The species
is possibly a hyper-parasite.
NEOTETRASTICHODES POLYCHROMUS, Nn. sp.
Q. Length, 245 mm. Brilliant burnished coppery-
green; abdomen intense orange, crossed dorsally by five
transverse dusky stripes, the fifth most distinct, the apex
black; legs intense pale lemon-yellow, the hind coxae
metallic at base; scape pale lemon-yellow, rest of antennae
yellow-brown; eyes and ocelli garnet.
Vertex of head narrow; face with a deep depression
occupying most of surface, the anterior ocellus within the
depression; ocelli large; antennae inserted on a level with
ventral end of eyes. Thorax normal, with the usual
Tetrastichine sculpture; parapsidal furrows deep and distinct,
367
with a row of several small punctures within them; mediaz:
grooves of scutum not indicated ; lateral grooves of scutellum
situated far laterally ; postscutellum long, at meson distinctly
longer than propodeum at meson; propodeum with fine
surface sculpture, short at meson, with a median carina, and
an irregular sulcus around spiracle tending toward latero-
posterior angle. Abdomen pointed conic-ovate, no longer
than head and thorax united; straight above, deeply convex
beneath. Head with a few small punctures. Forewings
ample ; hyaline ; broadly rounded at apex ; venation thick and.
distinct; stigmal vein moderately long, the postmarginal
one-half its length. Mandibles very stout; bidentate, the
teeth large. Scape a little swollen; pedicel twice as long as
greatest width, subequal in length to funicle 1, which is longer
than 2 or 3; club plainly 3-jointed, the jcints about equal in
length, a very little longer than wide; four distinct ring
joints. |
d6. Length, 190 mm. Like the female, but the
abdomen wholly dull-green, shorter, somewhat convex above,
straight beneath. Antennae with four funicle joints;
flagellum with long hairs.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (two males, one
female, labelled ‘‘On laboratory window, 18/5/15, G. F.
Hill’’).
2 aan female and male on a tag, female head and
antennae on a slide.
HUPLECTROMORPHA VARIICOLOR, Nl. sp.
@. Length, 295 mm. Head bright yellow, the occiput
black, lower half and centre of face red-brown; posterior
two-thirds or less of scutum, scutellum, and mesal half of
axillae reddish-brown, rest of thorax black; abdomen lemon-
yellow, broadly margined with black, with a black band just
out from base, and about three dusky irregular bands on
posterior third; margins of hind coxae, apical half of hind
femora, and all hind tibiae and tarsi, black, the rest of hind
legs lemon-yellow, the long tabial spur reddish; anterior and
intermediate legs lemon-yellow, the anterior femora and
apical half of intermediate pair, dusky, also most of
intermediate tibiae, the anterior pair less so; antennal scape
lemon-yellow, the pedicel dusky, the flagellum fuscous;
pronotum black, with a reddish transverse band at half its
length. —
Thorax with dense scaly sculpture, finer on propodeum,
the pronotum with setigerous punctures also; scutellum with
a single seta on either side at basal third and another at
368
either latero-posterior angle; scutum with complete parapsidal
furrows, without a median carma; scutellum with deep lateral
grooves, approaching each other at base, widely apart
posteriorly; propodeum long, with a distinct median carina
and no others, the spiracle large, just mesad of which is a
short sulcus. Forewings ample; hyaline; submarginal vein
unbroken, the marginal and postmarginal veins very long,
the former much the longer. Antennae inserted on a level
with ventral end of eyes; 9-jointed, with two ring joints
and a solid club; ring joints short; pedicel one-half as long
as funicle 1, which is distinctly longer than the others, all
longer than wide; club no longer than funicle 1.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (one female on leaves
of sugarcane, March, 1915, A. P. Dodd).
Type.—A female on a tag, head and antennae on a slide.
Closely related to malandaensis, Girault, and variegata,
Girault ; differing from the former in details of colour of the
thorax and the broad band near base of abdomen, from the
latter in having the propodeum wholly black; also apparently
differing from both those species in having the legs
varicoloured.
369
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BROKEN HILL, NEW SOUTH WALES.
PART ill.
By Oswatp B. Lower, F.ZS., F.E.S., etc.
[Read October 11, 1917.]
Family XYLORYCTIDAE.
This family is disappointingly represented here, and most
of the species are somewhat scarce and difficult to rear on
account of the ravages of the Jchneumomdae, during the larval
stage. Mr. Meyrick when revising this family conjectured the
opinion that they would probably occur more freely in the
drier districts of the State. This district, however, does not
appear to be a favourable locality.
447. MaroGa UNIPUNCTANA, Don.
Five specimens, October and November. I have bred a
specimen from larva feeding on stem of /Lusanus acuminatus
(Santalaceae ).
448. CRYPTOPHAGA BLACKBURNII, Low.
Four specimens, September to November. The type, a
female, was taken at Port Lincoln, S. Austr. Dr. Turner
re-named this species neomorpha (Ann. Queens. Mys., p. 13,
1897), but his description of the hindwings is not quite
accurate ; in the male they are dark fuscous, and in the female
greyish-white. His types were from Charters Towers, Queens-
land.
449. CRYPTOPHAGA DELOCENTRA, Meyr.
Nine specimens, both sexes, from October to November.
Bred from Hucalyptus rostrata.
450. XYLORYCTA AMALOPTIS, Low.
One specimen, type, in February.
451. XYLORYCTA CITRINOPA, Low.
One specimen, type, in November.
452. XYLORYCTA TETRAZONA, Low.
One specimen, in November. The type came from
Stawell, Victoria. I have it also from Norwood and Oodna-
datta, S. Austr.
453. XYLORYCTA MELANIAS, Low.
Several specimens, October to November.
370
454. XyYLORYCTA PHILONYMPHA, Low.
Several specimens, September and October.
455. XYLORYCTA PENTACHROA, Low.
One specimen, in. December.
?
456. XyYLORYCTA HOMOLEUCA, Low.
Four specimens, October and November.
457. LIcHENAULA DROSIAS, Low.
Not uncommon, October and November.
458. LICHENAULA CHORIODES, Meyr.
Four specimens, May. )
459. LIcHENAULA LICHENAEA, Meyr.
Not uncommon, March and April.
460. ScIEROPEPLA SERINA, Meyyr.
Taken occasionally, April.
461. SCIEROPEPLA MEGADELPHA, Low.
Taken occasionally, August to November.
462. PROCOMETIS HETEROGAMA, Low.
Not “uncommon, at light, October.
463. PROCOMETIS TETRASPORA, Low.
Two specimens, March.
464. HypERTRICHA EPHELOTA, Meyr.
Not uncommon, frequenting trunks of Hucalyptus trees,
also at light, April, May, and June.
465. HyPERTRICHA STENADELPHA, Low.
One specimen, type, March.
466. AGRIOPHARA CAPNODES, Meyr.
Not uncommon, May.
467. AGRIOPHARA TEPHROPTERA, Low.
One specimen, type, in December.
468. AGRIOPHARA CONFERTELLA, W1k.
Three specimens, November. |
afl
Family GELECHIADAE.
This family is well represented here, no less than 20
genera out of the 55 known from Australia being present. All
this family come freely to light, and most of those mentioned
herein have been so captured.
469. EpIPHTHORA CHIONOCEPHALA, Low.
Not uncommon, September, October, and April.
470. DoRYCNOPA ORTHODESMA, Low.
Nine specimens, October.
471. DoryYcCNOPA MARMOREA, Low.
Rather scarce, September and October.
472. DoRYCNOPA HELIOCHARES, Low.
Two specimens, December.
473. MEGACRASPEDUS ARGONOTA, Low.
A rare species, two specimens, October.
474. MEGACRASPEDUS SAGITTIFERA, Low.
Very scarce here, two specimens, September.
475. MEGACRASPEDUS acHROA, Low.
Common, at light, September to November.
A476. SiToTRIGA CEREALELLA, Ol.
An introduced species. ‘‘Common in corn bins’’ (Mey-
rick). Rare here, October.
A77. ARISTOTELIA PELTOSEMA, Low.
Not uncommon, October and November.
478. THIOTRICHA BULLATA, Meyr.
One specimen, type, in May.
479. EpirHecris MESOLEUCA, Low.
Three specimens, March.
480. ANACAMPSIS SIMPLICELLA, WIk.
Rather common, October and November.
481. GELECHIA DESMANTHES, Low.
Not uncommon, October and November.
312
482. GELECHIA PYCNODA, Low.
Rather common, June to November.
483. GELECHIA ANTHOCHRA, Low.
Three specimens, October.
484. GELECHIA DICTYOMORPHA, Low.
Taken occasionally, October and November.
485. GELECHIA MELANOPTILA, Low.
Rather common, beaten from Solanum esuriale, March,
April.
486. SvTEGASTA ALLACTIS, Meyr.
Three specimens, probably referable to this species, taken
in October and November.
487. STEGASTA COSMODES, Low.
Rather common, September to November.
488. PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA, Zeller.
Common, taken almost throughout the year, excepting
perhaps July and August. The larvae feed on tubers of
potato.
489. GNORIMOSCHEMA BUCOLICA, Meyr.
Common, October to December, and April and May.
490. GNORIMOSCHEMA XEROPHYLLA, Meyr.
Common, September to November.
491. GNORIMOSCHEMA HELIOPA, Low.
Taken occasionally, August to October.
492. GNORIMOSCHEMA LEUCOCEPHALA, Low.
Nine specimens, October to January.
493. GNORIMOSCHEMA PETRINODES, -Meyr.
Not uncommon, March and April.
494. GNORIMOSCHEMA PERDITA, Low.
Not uncommon, August to October.
495. EPpIBRONTIS HEMICHLAENA, Low.
Common, September and October. Widely distributed
throughout Australia.
373
496. EPIMIMASTIS PORPHYROLOMA, Low.
A single specimen, from Menindie, October.
497. SPHALERACTIS PLATYLEUCA, Low.
Two specimens, October.
498. PROTOLECHIA DESMATRA, Low.
A scarce species, four specimens, October.
499. PROTOLECHIA EXARISTA, Meyr.
Taken occasionally, October.
500. PROTOLECHIA LITHINA, Low.
Not uncommon, October and November. Bred from
larvae feeding on spun-up shoots of Dodonaea lobulata.
501. PROTOLECHIA AVERSELLA, W1k.
Taken occasionally, September.
502. PROTOLECHIA MESOCHRA, Low.
Two specimens, October.
503. PROTOLECHIA HAEMASPILA, Low.
Common, August to November, and in March. Somewhat
variable but easily recognised.
504. PRoTOLECHIA TRIDECTA, Low.
Taken occasionally, September to November.
505. CROCANTHUS MICRADELPHA, Low.
One specimen, October.
506. ANARSIA TRICHODETA, Meyr.
Three specimens, October.
507. ANARSIA DRYINOPA, Low.
Two specimens, October.
508. ANARSIA LEUCOPHORA, Meyr.
One specimen, type, in October.
509. NorHRIS CHLORANTHES, Low.
Not uncommon, September to November.
510. NotTHrRIs TETRACHROA, Low.
Common, October and November.
ol4
511. Nortruris ocHro.toma, Low.
Common, August to October.
512. NotTHrRIS MACROSEMUS, Low.
Tolerably common, October and November.
513. NorTHRIS TRICHOMBRA, Low.
The commonest of the genus, October.
514. NovrHRiIs CYCNOBATHRA, Low.
Nine specimens, October.
515. YPSOLOPHUS MELICHROUS, Meyr.
Rather scarce, taken in October. I gave this species
the M.S. name of me/ichrous, but as it was never published
by me, Mr. Meyrick becomes the author.
516. YPSOLOPHUS HOLOMELAS, Low.
The type, taken in June, is still unique.
Family TINEIDAE.
517> XYSMATODOMA ZONARCHA, Meyr.
Five specimens, February.
518. ScaRDIA INCONCISELLA, WIk.
Taken occasionally, September, November, January.
519. BLABOPHANES MELIORELLA, W1k.
Not uncommon, September to March.
020. BLABOPHANES ARGILLACEA, Meyr.
Not uncommon, October and November.
021. BLABOPHANES ETHELELLA, Newm.
Not uncommon, September to December.
522. BLABOPHANES FERRUGINELLA, Hib.
Not uncommon, September to June.
523. TINEA PELLIONELLA, Linn.
Not: uncommon, November and December.
524. TINEA FUSCIPUNCTELLA, Haw.
Rather common, September to March.
315
525. TINEA GRANELLA, Linn.
Taken occasionally, October and November.
526. TINEA TAPETIELLA, Linn.
Four specimens, November.
527. CHRYSORYCTIS PURELLA, WIk.
Two specimens, March.
528. CHRYSORYCTIS TALANTIAS, Meyr.
Taken occasionally, October and November.
529. CHRYSORYCTIS HEMINEPHELA, Low.
One specimen, type, in November.
530. TINEOLA BISELLIELLA, Htim.
Not uncommon, November to March.
531. DasciIa SAGITTIFERA, Meyr.
Four specimens, taken at ‘‘Horse Lake’ in March.
532. GELLERIA CYNETICA, Meyr.
Four specimens, probably referable to this species, taken
in March.
533. LINDERA TESSELLATELLA, Blanch.
Rather common, taken from August to March. This is
a semi-domesticated species of wide distribution. It stands
in most Australian collections at Hucraera calcularis, Meyr.,
but Mr. Meyrick informs me that his name was never
published.
Subfamily PLUTELLIDAE.
534. LITHOCOLLETIS DESMOCHRYSA, Low.
Bred from Hardenbergia ovata, in March.
535. CoNOPOMORPHA IRRORATA, Turn.
Five specimens, March.
536. GRACILARIA XANTHOPHARELLA, Meyr.
Two specimens, December.
537. HoMADAULA COSCINOPA, Low.
Taken occasionally, March.
538. HoMmMADAULA MYRIOSPILA, Meyr.
Two specimens, probably referable to this species.
376
539. HoMADAULA LASIOCHROA, Low.
Not uncommon, October, January, and March.
540. CHOREUTIS BJERKANDRELLA, Thnb.
Common, August to March.
541. PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS, Curt.
Very common, September to March. Commonly known
cruciferarum, Zeller.
2
542. PLUTELLA SERA, Meyr.
Not uncommon, February and March.
Family ELACHISTIDAE.
This family appears to be poorly represented here, even
the commoner species being absent. Most of those enumerated
‘were discovered by myself.
543. CoRYTHANGELA PUDICA, Low.
Nine specimens, at light, April.
544. CoRYTHANGELA OCHRONEURA, Low.
Two specimens, March. The type came from Semaphore,
S. Austr.
545. BATRACHEDRA ARENOSELLA, WIk.
Taken occasionally, March.
546. BATRACHEDRA CAPNOSPILA, Low.
Five specimens, October.
547. BATRACHEDRA HOLOGRAMMA, Low.
Taken occasionally, September and October.
548. BATRACHEDRA CRYPSINEURA, Low.
Taken occasionally, March and October.
549. BAaTRACHEDRA ZONOCHRA, Low.
One specimen, type, January.
550. BatTRACHEDRA STENOSEMA, Low.
Two specimens, April.
551. BATRACHEDRA HYPOLEUCA, Low.
Three specimens, January.
aif
552. BarRAcHEDRA (!) LyGROPIS, Low.
Two specimens, April.
553. BaTRACHEDRA STERILIS, Meyr.
Five specimens, October.
554. STATHMOPODA MELANOCHRA, Meyr.
Taken occasionally, October.
555. STATHMOPODA CROCOPHANES, Meyr.
Not uncommon, October and April.
556. AEOLOSCELIS ORTHOCHROA, Low.
Not uncommon, October.
557. PyRODERCES SENTICA, Low.
Nine specimens, October.
558. PyRoODERCES THERMOPHILA, Low.
Five specimens, March.
| 559. OpszyGA EUGRAMMA, Low.
Taken occasionally, November.
560. LImMNOECIA XANTHODELTA, Low.
Three specimens, November.
561. SyNTOMACTIS OXYPTERA, Low.
Taken occasionally, October.
.
562. SYNTOMACTIS XENONYMPHA, Low.
Not uncommon, April and October.
563. SYNTOMACTIS CHIONOMERA, Low.
Rather common, October.
564. TRACHYDORA CAPNOPA, Low.
Three specimens, March and April.
This concludes the list for the present. In my next
instalment I will enumerate those species which I have
omitted or taken since the paper was commenced, and describe
any new material which I possess, together with the few
Rhopalocera taken here.
378
ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
NO. 12.
By J. M. Brack.
{Read October 11, 1917.]
Puates XVIII. tro XX.
This list deals mainly with plants collected at Ooldea
in January, 1917, and at other places along the East-West
Railway in June and July of the same year by Capt. 8S. A.
White. The country about Ooldea appears to have been
scarcely touched botanically since Ernest Giles passed that
way on his exploration westward in 1875. The name of the
place is given as “Youldeh” in Giles’ “Australia Twice
Traversed.’’ Several of his plants, and of those collected by
W. H. Tietkins and J. Young, members of the party, were
recorded by Mueller in vols. ix., a and xi. of. the
“Fragmenta.”
This paper contains descriptions of two species new to
science, in the genera Thryptomene and Hibbertia, and a
record of two Western Australian Acacias and one Goodenia
not previously found in South Australia.
Where a new record is made for any of Tate’s districts,
the fact is noted after the locality given, and alien plants are
indicated by a preceding asterisk. ; |
The remarks in brackets are Capt. White’s field
notes, and in cases where his name is not mentioned, it is to
be understood that he is the collector of the specimens from
Ooldea and other places on the East-West Railway.
GRAMINEAE.
Stipa scelerata, Behr. (S. setacea, R. Br., var. latifoha, —
Benth.). Ooldea (S. A. White). I think this grass, which
I have also from Karoonda, in the Trans-Murray scrub,
should take rank as a separate species, on account of its flat
leaves, 4-5 mm. broad, stouter stems, perennial rhizome, and
usually longer awns. ‘ [Grows to a good height, but found
sparingly, in the sandhill country. |
Panicum gracile, R. Br. Ooldea. Not only is there a
bristle rising from the base of the terminal spikelet of each
spike, but several of the lower spikelets are also subtended by
a bristle longer than themselves. [Often met with growing
up in the centre of bushes which afforded it protection. |
379
Eragrostis pilosa, PB. Wynbring. [Only seen in this
one locality. |
Amphipogon strictus, R. Br., var. gracilis, Benth.
Ooldea. [Plentiful; grew in bushes amongst the sandhills. |
LILIACEAE,
Xerotes leucocephala, R. Br. Ooldea. Leaves unusually
broad (4-5 mm.).
PROTEACEAE.
Grevillea stenobotrya, F. v. M. Ooldea (Dist. W). The
fruit does not appear to have been hitherto described; it is
small (about 12 mm. long), shortly beaked, very oblique,
smooth and reddish (Ooldea), older, whitish, and rough (Lake
Perigundi); stipes of fruit thickened towards the summit,
one-half as long as the pedicel; seeds 1-2, flat, oblong,
dark brown, with a membranous circumferential wing of
about 2 mm. [A common shrub throughout the sandhill
_ country, and at the time of my visit (January) a mass of
white sweet-smelling blossoms. Grows to the height of 12
or 14 feet. I have met with this species in many parts of the
interior.| G. pterosperma, F. v. M. Sixty miles along Kast-
West Railway. Fruit ovoid, about 2 cm. long (thus differing
from the description and from Murray River specimens),
oblique, not beaked, tomentum worn off, and seeds fallen.
|This is not nearly so plentiful as the preceding species. |
LORANTHACEAE.
Loranthus exocarpi, Behr. Four hundred and ten miles
along the East-West Railway. [Common species. | :
L. pendulus, Sieb. Ooldea. Leaves thick, rather short
and obtuse, usually nerveless or only showing the midnerve.
SANTALACEAE.
Fusanus acuminatus, R. Br. ‘Native Peach.’’ Ooldea.
[Numbers of these trees were seen, but none were in fruit,
although quantities of stones were found on the ground. |
Haocarpus spartea, R. Br. Ninety-mile Desert (S. A.
White ; Dist. T).
CHENOPODIACEAE.
Ehagodia Gaudichaudiana, Mog. Ooldea. [This plant
forms a low bush; often met with in the sandhills. ]
Chenopodium microphyllum, F. v. M. Sixty miles along
East-West Railway. [Growing on stony tablelands; did not
see this plant in the sandy country. |
380
Atriplex spongiosum, F. v. M. Same place. [Growing
on the tablelands; distributed all over Central Australia. |
A. vesicaria, Hew. Same place. ([Plentiful on table-
lands; good fodder. |
Bassa paradoza (R. Br.), F. v. M. Bookaloo. [A
common plant on the stony tablelands, but not so in the
sandy country.| B. diacantha (Benth.), F. v. M. Bookaloo.
B. echinopsila, F. v. M. Ooldea. [Found growing on the
damp flats between the sand ridges; the burrs cause great dis-
comfort, attaching themselves to the clothing. |
AMARANTACEAE.
Trichimum incanum, R. Br., var. grandiflorum, Benth.
Ooldea. Perianth nearly 15 mm. long, the inner segments
appearing densely woolly owing to the long hairs arising from
the base and also from the margins; bracts densely stellate-
woolly in the lower part; bracteoles more or less woolly on
the midrib; leaves oblong, stellate-tomentose. [Only found
on the stony tablelands.|. 7. corymbosum, Gaud. Sixty
miles along East-West Railway. [Found growing on the stony
tablelands; have met with this plant all through the
interior.| 7’. alopecurordeum, F. v. M. Same place. [Grow-
ing on stony tablelands ; have seen it in hke places throughout
Central Australia. |
Alternanthera denticulata, R. Br. Wynbring. [Found
growing in the damp mud of a rock hole. |
PORTULACACEAE.
*Calandrima caulescens, H. B. K., var. Menziesw, Gray.
Karoonda ; flowering and fruiting, October 5, 1915 (J. M. B.).
Appeared well established, the stems procumbent on sandy
soil in or near the scrub. Determination confirmed by the
Director of the Kew Botanic Garden, who says that it “differs
from the type in having larger flowers on longer peduncles.
This variety is distributed from Western California to British
Columbia, and is very variable, passing gradually into the
typical form.” Bentham (FI. Aust., i., 175) records that
C’. caulescens “has established itself in waste places about
Adelaide and other parts of South Australia.’”? C. balon-
nensis, Lindl. Ooldea. “Parakeelya.” ['This valuable fodder
plant was very beautiful about Ooldea, and enlivened the
landscape with a wealth of gloriously coloured blossoms. |
CRUCIFERAE.
*Lepidium Draba, L. ‘Hoary Cress.” Ooldea. [Plen-
tiful on the flats between the sandhills. |
381
RESEDACEAE.
*fieseda luteola, L. “Dyer’s Weed.” Tantanoola.
Europe and countries round the Mediterranean. Not pre-
viously reported.
LEGUMINOSAE.
Acacia linophylla, W. V. Fitzg., in Journ. W. Austr.
Nat. Hist. Soc., May, 1904, p. 16. Wilgena, flowering, June,
1912 (J. W. Mellor); Mount Gunson, beginning to fruit,
October, 1915 (Mrs. Beckwith); Mount Gunson, flowering,
August, 1916 (Mrs. Beckwith); Ooldea, fruiting, January,
1917 (S. A. White). Furst record for South Australia; the
type came from Cue and Mount Magnet, Western Australia.
The identification (made by Mr. J. H. Maiden from Western
Australian specimens) was rendered certain when the curious
cylindrical, woody pods were found at Ooldea. The phyllodes
of this Mulga are scarcely distinguishable from those of the
narrow-leaved forms of A. aneura and A. brachystachya
except by their greater length, which is sometimes 18 cm. ;
they are slightly compressed and about 145 mm. broad.
Flowers (not seen by Fitzgerald) pentamerous, in spikes 15-20
mm. long, on spreading peduncles about 6 mm. long;
bracteoles tack-shaped; sepals linear-spathulate; petals
pubescent, thickened towards the summit, at first cohering,
afterwards free (see pl. xvill.). Some of our pods are con-
siderably longer than those described by Fitzgerald, two of
them being 123 cm. long. [This is the most plentiful species
of Mulga to be found in the sandhills round Ooldea. I feel
sure this species extends as far north as the Everard and Mus-
grave Ranges, but, in spite of all efforts, could not discover
seed-pods when I visited that region in 1914. This was owing
to a many years’ drought. |
Acacia Randelliana, W. V. Fitzg., l.c., p. 14. Ooldea,
fruiting, January, 1917 (S. A. White). This is another new
record for South Australia, the original specimens being from
Mount Malcolm and near Kanowna, Western Australia. The
moniliform pods bear a considerable resemblance to those of
A. Burkittu, F. v. M.., but are not quite so long, and the
globular seeds with a very prominent umbo form a distinctive
feature, as well as the two-edged phyllodes, which are, in our
specimens, broader and shorter than those of A. Burkittat.
In the latter species the seed is compressed-ovoid, 6-7 mm.
long, while in A. Randelliana the seed is globose and about
2mm. in diameter. The flowers are the same, except that the
petals of A. Randelliana are lacking.in the slight pubescence
at the base. In both cases the phyllodes are delicately ciliate
towards the summit, but those of A. Burkitta have a distinct
gland not far from the wrinkled base, and this is absent or
382
almost obsolete in A. Landelliana. The two species are
closely allied, the pod and seed being the distinguishing
characters (see pl. xvi.). [This is the first time I have
met with this Acacia. It is growing in abundance in the
sandhill country round Ooldea; very ornate in growth, form-
ing beautiful spherical bushes up to 6 feet high, but generally
4 or 5 feet. The round seeds form food for pigeons and other
birds; a great thickness of fallen leaves is to be found under
every bush. |
Acacia salicana, Lindl. Ooldea. “Umbrella Bush.”
Pods 7-12 cm. long, 7-9 mm. broad, straight or curved, more
or less constricted between the seeds, but almost as firm and
woody as those of A. varians, Benth. [Grows closer to the
ground in the Ooldea sandhill country than it does farther
north and makes a larger bush.]| A. mgens, A. Cunn.
Monarto South, flowering August (Miss A. McMahon; Dist.
M). ) On Deto marina, Chilton.
Figs. 15-21.
About two years ago I published a paper (1915) on the
terrestrial Isopoda belonging to the genus Deto in which I
recognized the following species: —D. echinata, Guérin, and
D. acinosa, Budde-Lund, from Cape Colony; D. armata,
Budde-Lund, from St. Paul Island, Indian Ocean ; D. marina,
400 3 /
SW OUUU LU
|
Fig. 11.
Serolis longicaudata, caudal plate
Serolis australiensis, caudal plate and uropods, from below.
and mropod, from above.
ape, _Serolis bakeri, first Pair of legs
i Wes 4 Baie — (gnathopods),
Fig. 15.
Deto marina, side view of body of male.
Fig. 13.
Serolis bakeri,
second pair of tegs of male.
‘
Fig. 14.
Serolis bakeri,
uropods, from below.
Fig. 16.
Deto marina, first pleopod of
male, posterior aspect.
Fig. 19.
Deto marina, second pleopod of female.
’
E “ a. 4 5 . =. . my
6 OFT II Pa
4 .
t, rs - 7
‘ are
Fig. 17.
Deto marina,
second pleopod of male,
anterior aspect.
e
= a
RS OS hn a
Fig. 21.
Deto marina, terminal portion of pleon :
and uropoda of female.
Nx
O “x
S
BA
Deto marina, terminal portion of pleon
and uropoda of male.
401
Chilton, from Coogee Bay, New South Wales; D. aucklandiae,
G. M. Thomson, from Lord Auckland Islands, New Zealand ;
and D. bucculenta, Nicolet, from New Zealand and from
Valparaiso Bay, South America. The species are all found
on the sea shore at or near high-water mark, and show strik-
ing secondary sexual characters which differ considerably in
the different species.
At the time of writing the paper I had only the few
original specimens of D. marina, of which only one female
was mature, and the description of this species was therefore
somewhat imperfect. I added to it the remark (1915, p. 445),
“The adult male is not known; it will be interesting to see
in what characters it differs from the female.’’ Some months
after the MS. had been despatched to the printer, I received
from Mr. W. H. Baker, of Adelaide, a few specimens of an
Isopod that he had collected on the shore of Kangaroo Island,
South Australia. On examination these proved to belong to
Deto marina, and among them were adult males and females.
I am therefore able now to complete my description by adding
that of the adult male and to point out the sexual characters.
In this case the male characters prove to be a greater elonga-
tion of the uropoda, and a more distinctly tuberculated char-
acter of the dorsal surface of the body. The antennae, which
show such marked sexual dimorphism in D. aucklandiae, are
practically the same in both sexes in D. marina, and there is
no sign of the dilatation of the first peraeon segment in the
male such as occurs in D. bucculenta. At the same time I
give a description and figures of the first and second pleopoda
of the male and female, from which it will be seen that they
are in close general agreement with those of the other species.
The specific description I gave in 1915 applies with very
slight modification to the females from Kangaroo Island. In
the following account I have drawn up a corresponding
description of the male.
DETO MARINA, Chilton.
Figs. 15-21.
Philougria marina, Chilton: 1884, p. 463, pl. xi.; Stebbing:
1900, p. 565; Chilton: 1901, p. 128.
Diet marina, Budde-Lund: 1906, 85, pl. iv., figs. 39-41;
Chilton: 1915, p. 444, pl. xxxix. , figs. 19.93.
| Specific Description.
3. Body oblong-oval, length rather more than twice the
greatest breadth. Head with surface covered with irregular
rather spinose tubercles, front projecting into a triangular
lobe ending subacutely, lateral lobes very broad. Eyes large,
on rounded prominences raised above the lateral lobes.
402
Surface of peraeon with numerous acute tubercles, forming a
fairly well-marked row along the posterior margin with
another row less distinct situated more anteriorly on each
segment, a few tubercles irregularly scattered between the two
rows ; epimera not greatly expanded, all united with the seg-
ment without sign of suture, each with a distinct oblique
ridge marked with small pointed tubercles, running outwards
and backwards to the posterior angle. Segments 3, 4, and
5 of pleon with well-developed epimera which have the pos-
terior angles acute, terminal segment triangular, its extremity
rounded.
| Antennae about half the length of the body, slender,
fifth joint shghtly longer than the third and fourth together ;
flagellum as long as the fourth, with the first joint longer than
the second, which is slightly longer than the third, fourth
slender, about half as long as the preceding, and merging
almost imperceptibly into a pencil of very short setae, whole
surface of antenna covered with minute short spinules and fine
short setae.
Legs subequal in length, the posterior ones only slightly
increasing in length; all rather spiny, the largest spine, which
splits towards the end, being situated near the distal end of
the carpus.
Uropoda with base broad, reaching distinctly beyond the
end of the terminal segment ; outer ramus nearly twice as long
as the base, broad, lanceolate, slightly flattened; whole sur-
face covered with minute spinules ; inner ramus arising more
anteriorly, slender, only slightly tapering, ending with pencil
of long setae and reaching only slightly beyond Ae base
(fig. 20).
Length, 11 mm.; breadth, 5 mm.
Q. Differing Sra the male in having ‘ie body less dis-
tinctly tuberculated; epimera 2, 3, and 4 separated from
their segments by a fine suture, and the uropoda much less
elongated, the outer ramus being only as long as the base
and the inner ramus reaching about half-way along the outer
fig. 21).
a Date of the ovigerous female examined. Length,
10 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.
Colour.-—Yellowish, with markings of dark brown.
Habitat.—Coogee Bay, near Port Jackson, New South
Wales (C. Chilton); Kangaroo Island, South Australia (W..
H. Baker).
The pleopoda of the male agree generally in shape with
those of D. acinosa. In the first pleopod (fig. 16) the inner
branch forms a stout appendage about twice as long as the
male organ and having the inner portion hollowed on the
a“
403
posterior aspect and separated from the outer portion by a
ridge marked with a number of short blunt teeth; the outer
branch forms a flat plate, oval in shape, and bearing only one
plumose seta towards the inner side. In the second pleopod
(fig. 17) the inner branch is very long, ending acutely, its
basal portion is broad and not distinctly articulated to the
distal part; on its anterior surface there is a groove, extend-
ing about half-way along the whole appendage and apparently
fitting against the inner portion of the endopod of the first
pleopod which closes the groove and forms the anterior wall
of the tube thus formed. The outer branch is irregularly
' rhomboidal, having the outer margin fringed with a few
sparsely plumose hairs, the inner margin with a few small
short setae.
In the ovigerous female the first pleopod (fig. 18) consists
of the outer branch only which forms a broad oblong plate
with rounded corners, as shown in fig 18; there is no sign
of the inner branch. The second pleopod (fig. 19) has the
outer branch slightly produced on the inner side, so as to be
rather more triangular, the inner and posterior margins bear-
ing a number of sparsely plumose setae; the inner branch
is represented by a stout triangular process ending acutely,
indistinctly separated from the basal portion and much
shorter than the outer branch.
The mouth-parts have been already partially figured by
Budde-Lund. They show a close general resemblance to those
of other species, ¢.g., D. acinosa, and do not call for a detailed
description.
In D. marina, as in D. aucklandiae, the epimera 2, 3,
and 4 of the peraeon are separated from their respective seg-
ments by a fine but distinct sutural line, while in the male
they have completely coalesced with the segments. A similar
sexual difference is found in Ligia exotica and in some other
species. For further information on this point see my paper
on “Some Terrestrial Isopoda from the shore of Chilka Lake”
(1916, p. 465).
From the description thus given it will be seen that D.
marina is closely allied to D. acinosa, from Cape Colony, the
pleopoda both of male and female being closely similar. It
ean therefore stand with D. echinata, D. armata, and D.
acinosa, in the subgenus Deto, Budde-Lund, as being some-
what distinct from D. aucklandiae and D. bucculenta, which
form the subgenus Vinneta, Budde-Lund. The relationships
thus indicated agree well with the distribution of the species
and help us to understand how they arrived at the localities
where they now exist, the species of the subgenus Deto being
now found at Cape Colony, St. Paul Island in the Indian
404
Ocean, and Australia; while those of the subgenus Vinneta
occur at New Zealand and neighbouring islands, and at Chile
in South America.
For further general remarks reference may be made to
my paper on the genus (1915, p. 453). Since it was published
I have personally collected many specimens of Deto bucculenta,
Nicolet, on the shores of Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island,
New Zealand, and have examined others collected by Mr. W.
R. B. Oliver “under stones near high-water mark, Waitangi,
Chatham Islands.”
In Stewart Island the animals were found under stones
and boulders on the rocky shore at or slightly below high-
water mark, being often covered at high tide. They were
found along with Jigia novae-zealandiae, Hxosphaeroma
gigas, etc. When disturbed they either remain quite still or
walk slowly only, and are easily captured, thus forming a
marked contrast to Ligia novae-zealandiae, which runs with
great rapidity.
lt am much indebted to Miss E. M. Herriott, M.A.,
Assistant at the Canterbury College Biological Laboratory,
for preparing the figures illustrating this paper.
REFERENCES.
Beddard, F. E. :—
1884—“‘Challenger”. Reports, x1., pp. 1-85, pls. 1.-x.
Budde-Lund, G. :—
1906—-Die Landisopoden der Deutschen Siidpolar-
Expedition, 1901-1903. Band 9, Zoologie i., pp.
71-92, pls. 111., iv.
Chilton, C.:—
1884-—On a Marine Species of Philowgria. Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. 9, pp. 463-466, pl. xi.
1901—The Terrestrial Isopoda of New Zealand. Trans.
Linn. Soc., 2nd ser., Zool. 8, pp. 99-152, and
a", pls. X1.-Xvl.
1915 —Deto, a Subantarctic Genus of Terrestrial Isopoda.
Jour. Linn. Soc., vol. 32, pp. 435-456, pls.
Moca. ah.
1916—Fauna of the Chilka Lake: “Some Terrestrial
Isopoda from the Shore of the Lake.” Mem.
Indian Museum, vol. v., pp. 459-482, with 36
text figures.
Stebbing, T. R. BR. :—
1900—On some Crustaceans from the Falkland Islands
- collected by Mr. Rupert Vallentin. Proc. Zool.
Soc., 1900, pp. 517-568, pls. xxxvi-xxxix.
405
‘RESULTS OF THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM EXPEDITION
TO STRZELECKI AND COOPER CREEKS.
SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1916.
[Contribution from the South Austrahan Museum.|
[Read August 9, 1917.]
Piares’ XXII. vo; XLILE.
ContTENTS. Page.
(a) IntRopucTIOoN, by Edgar R. Waite He ae) 405
(b) Narrative, by Edgar R. Waite ... 7 a OE
(c) GrneRAL Notes, by Edgar R. Waite _... Der aay: Sb"
Post-drought Conditions i at ny! 40p
Effects of Stock aS hd i: i) VLG
Sand and Gibber if ¥ Whe Wane (AL
Rotten Ground and Pete cay Steen Be
The Mirage ree ie a4 at,
Burke’s and Lewis’ reas Wee us fox) Gee
The Camels bee We “Py S, mee: 4
(d) Merforotoey, by Edgar R. Waite ae ee
(e) Notes oN THE RarinrauL, by H. A. Hunt Ry) ae
(f) Tur Natives, by Edgar R. Waite eh Mo) Ae
(g) MamMatia AND Opuipta, by Edgar R. Waite ... 430
(h) Aves, by S. A. Wuire _... 44]
(i) BP eowics Contents oF Birps, by ahs M. - ea 466
(j) Lacertin1a, by F. R. Zietz y 469
(k) Pisces, by ‘A. R. McCulloch and Hie R. Pia ite 472
(Lj Cautions, by Dr. Charles Chilton Ae cae
(m) ARANEIDAE, by W. J. Rainbow _.... a ... 482
(n) InsEcTa, by Arthur M. Lea ae ma A) ae
(o) Botany, by J. M. Black ... ie nin Sapte
(a) INTRODUCTION.
The years 1913-1915 presented one of those droughts to
which Australia is periodically, though happily infrequently,
subject. The duration and intensity of the drought will be
best appreciated by referring to the accompanying details
supplied by the Commonwealth Meteorologist.
It was thought that the first “season” following the
breaking of the drought would provide an admirable oppor-
tunity for collecting natural history objects in the interior,
406
and the expedition, of which the following is a record, there-
fore resulted. The small party was constituted as follows: —
Leader—Edgar R. Waite, Director S.A. Museum.
Ornithologist—Capt. S. A. White.
Taxidermist—O. Rau, S.A. Museum.
Cook and Assistant—James Atkins.
Native Guide—Bullocky Jack.
Afghan Camel Driver—Mahomet Salaam, with 9 bull
camels.
As the Museum ornithologist (Mr. F. R. Zietz) was ©
unable to accompany me, Capt. S. A. White kindly stepped
into the breach, and was officially attached to the party on
behalf of the Museum. This will explain why the accom-
panying report on the birds is prepared by Capt. White, and
not by the Museum ornithologist, who is responsible for the
account of the lizards obtained. |
Mr. O. Rau, one of the taxidermists on the Museum staff,
accompanied the expedition in his official capacity, and, with
Capt. White, made skins and otherwise preserved the speci-
mens obtained.
Apart from the scientific requirements, the equipment
was furnished by Mr. F. Budge, of Farina.
Thanks are also due and are gratefully tendered to Mr.
H. A. Hunt, Commonwealth Meteorologist, for the interest-
ing notes on the rainfall] of the districts traversed; to Dr.
Charles Chilton, for the account of the Crustacea; and to
Mr. W. J. Rainbow, for reporting on the spiders obtained.
The plants were collected by Capt. White and examined by
Mr. J. M. Black. Though not exactly within the scope of
the work of a zoological museum, I am pleased to be able to
include Mr. Black’s report, and thank him for the privilege
thus afforded. Mr. A. M. Lea and Mr. F. R. Zietz, members
of the staff of the South Australian Museum, are, respect-
ively responsible for the accounts on the one part, of the
insects and the stomach content of birds, and on the other,
of the lizards. To my share has fallen some notice of the
remaining vertebrates, and of matter of more general
interest.
Finally, in addition to thanking my friend Capt. White
for his contribution and for permission to reproduce four of
his photographs (pl. xxv., figs. 1, 2; pl. xxvu., fig. 2; and
pl. xxviii., fig. 2), I desire to express my appreciation of
his many acts of courtesy and kindness extended during the
course of the expedition. |
E. BR. WW.
August 1, 1917.
407
(6) NARRATIVE.
PY Epear R. Pe eETe, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Naeune
PuLates XXII. To XXX.
The party left Farina on September 11, 1916, and
traversing most uninteresting country reached Mount Lynd-
hurst Station by way of Higgins Dam and Leslies Well on
the following day. Passing Frome Well and Waters Well,
we reached the Nob on the 14th, whence the route lay over
stony ground with low hills rising gently to the north-east
and dipping suddenly. Next day several “‘whirlies” appeared,
the wind drawing up the sand into rapidly-moving columns
like waterspouts at sea; we also encountered gossamer driven
before the wind, each piece six or more feet in length, gener-
ally with a tuft at each end, one, of course, contain-
ing the young spider. Watering at Wades Tank on
the 15th, we reached the Devils Village, possibly named from
a rugged escarpment, recalling the Teufel’s Mauer on the
Danube. After leaving Trinity we entered a salt marsh
country, a weird district, the ground being encrusted and
resembling a snow scene, and freely pierced with springs,
each issuing from a low mound. The Petermorra Bore is
responsible for a fine sheet of water and running creek; as
usual with these artesian bores, we had to move a long way
from the bore head to find the water sufficiently cool for
the hand to tolerate. On September 18 we arrived at Mount
Hopeless Station, having travelled over the most dreary
country it has been my lot to traverse. No wonder Sturt
should have bestowed such a name—no tree, no bush, no
water ; and we had difficulty in scraping up sufficient material
for fire to boil the billy. Next day we reached a waterhole,
and later the crossing between Lakes Blanche and Callabonna,
all dry; but the water at the well was deliciously clear and
cool, and we speedily replaced the muddy water in our can-
teens. Leaving this encrusted and barren area, our route
now lay up Strzelecki Creek, also dry, but of greater interest,
and yielding a little more for the collector. In places large
shallow pools of muddy water still remained, but they were
for the greater part unapproachable, owing to the boggy
nature of the surrounding ground, and strewn with the car-
cases of dead cattle, bogged during the drought period. The
water in these pools is salter than the sea.
ee a
408
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409
The camels now showed signs of the presence of grubs
in their noses. The photograph (pl. xxi., fig. 1) shows a
very characteristic attitude—the expectancy of a sneeze.
On the sandhill bordering the course of the creek we noted
many tracks of animals, including jumping marsupials, birds,
lizards, beetles, and other insects. Meteorites, not yet
described, have been found at Accalana and Carraweena. We
got good water at Carraweena Well; its proximity was indi-
cated by myriads of cockatoos and other birds. A water-trough,
filled for the use of the mailman’s horses, was largely patron-
ized by dragon-flies and wasps, of which latter two or three
species were taken whilst drinking. Our own ablutions in the
fast disappearing daylight disconcerted thousands of Galahs,
whose drinking time we had inadvertently postponed. This .
day we passed the site of Howitt’s 32nd camp at Atracoona.
On the 21st, at Kumbarie, we entered an area of low sand-
hills with scanty herbage and scattered trees, which increased
as we proceeded northward. Large gums appeared in the
now dry creeks, and most of them still showed the footholds
cut by natives of a bygone age with stone tomahawks. This
day we camped at Birkett’s woolshed, now represented by a
single post, but where at one time 20,000 sheep were shorn.
Hundreds of Cockatoos crowded on snags in the waterhole for
the purpose of drinking furnished a pleasing sight. They
were soon to be scared, however, for the hot and thirsty
camels rolled and kicked in the muddy water, emerging with
their coats plastered all over. The water is possibly per-
manent; we heard frogs croaking, and both Pied and Black
Shags remained in the vicinity. Next day we passed through
a beautifully-wooded flat, peopled with many birds, of which
the Budgerigars were most in evidence. Tinga Tingana was
reached on the following day. Caught in heavy rain, camp
was rapidly pitched on high ground, and by morning we
had caught plenty of water from the tarpaulins and tents.
We were weather-bound here until the 24th, but were able
to add to our collections. Though details are reserved for the
special accounts, I may mention that it was in this locality
that I obtained the photograph of the carrion beetles on the
hoof of a dead camel (pl. xxi.,: fig. 2), dug out the sand
scorpions, and discovered the mole crickets, as recorded in
the entomological report. Once more on the move, we came
across a corps of 132 camels with 30 tons of wool, temporarily
stacked as a protection against the rain—no light task to deal
with such a cargo. We now entered well-wooded flats flanked
with sandhills. The change from the Mount Hopeless dis-
trict seemed magical; here bird life was abundant, and the
Galahs and Chats (2 phthianura) were breeding. At Murteree
410
we saw some natives attached to the station, but the
number of aboriginal graves, many of recent date, tells the
ultimate story only too plainly (pl. xxii., fig. 1). Contrary
to all expectations, we found it too cold to ride, and therefore
walked to keep up our circulation. On the 26th we met a
_ team of cow camels, each carrying two bales of wool, together
weighing 5 cwt. Many of the cows had calves running at
their side, all born en rowte. The bulls carry each up to
9 cwt.
Though we generally followed the bed of the creek, it was
not always possible to define its course, but the presence of
low bushes and widely-spaced stunted trees were good indi-
cations. It is very rarely that Strzelecki Creek flows, for it
does not gather water until Cooper Creek rises 50 feet above
normal height, at which point it overflows. We expected to
replenish our water canteens at Della Well, but on reaching
the site found the well had become a grave, and afterwards
learned that a man named Harry Bird had been engaged
yepairing the structure when it gave way and entombed him
for ever. Innamincka was reached on September 28, and
here we remained until October 2, accepting the kind
hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Roland for portion of the time.
This. gave one of the party an opportunity of recovering
from slight illness, and also permitted a visit to be made to
Burke’s Tree, elsewhere referred to ; likewise to make acquaint-
ance with the aboriginals of the district, including King Billy
and several old and blind natives (pl. xxiv., fig. 1). The
Cooper (pl. xxv., figs. 1, 2), which we forded a second time,
is a fine river at Innamincka, but, as we afterwards found,
soon dwindles in volume owing to the vast areas it inundates
on its course. Our party was now augmented by the addition
of two horses and an old Coongie black, “Bullocky Jack”
(pl. xxiv., fig. 2), who acted as guide between Innamincka and
Kanowana ; but having previously traversed the locality only
in dry seasons, he lost his bearings among the bewildering
swamps and sandhills, and we had to resort to the compass
for general direction. The course of the creek could be
detected for miles owing to the magnificent timber along its
banks. A remarkable feature was presented by the multi-
tudes of White Cockatoos (Cacatua gymnopis) in the trees,
appearing like so many tiny white flowers scattered through the
dark-green foliage. This belt of large timber is confined to
the actual banks of the creek (pl. xxv., fig. 1), beyond which
it becomes stunted, and a hundred yards from the water the
open desert is again encountered. A thunderstorm, accom-
panied with rain, was responsible for some delay on the 3rd.
Leaving the tortuous creek we next essayed the sandhills, and —
411
here our real troubles began, for in its course the creek
spreads out over low-lying flats miles in extent into which
the sandhills are pushed. It was impossible to traverse the
sandhills on the one hand and the bogs on the other, so, that
we had to follow the contour of the foothills, often necessi-
tating a deviation of three or four miles, sometimes at right
angles to our compass direction, and then, heading off a tongue
of the bogland, beat back in the contrary direction. Progress
was varied by crossing large dry lakes, where the ground is
so “rotten,” being ful! of depressions known as ‘“‘crab holes,”
that camel travel was very slow indeed, redeeming features
being the marvellous mirages produced by the unending vista
of heated sand, some fine cloud effects at sunrise and sunset,
and the knowledge that we could keep a compass direction.
On the 6th a feral cat was discovered in a roosting hollow
previously occupied by a delicate owl. Once again we struck
the sandhills, and as our guide penitently admitted that he
was lost, we decided to make Cuttapirie Corner if possible,
where the Cooper forms a great southern loop.
Our route now lay across saltbush country, and, being
short of water and travel-worn, we were glad to see the big
timber again, and thankful when on the 8th we reached our
immediate objective (pl. xxv., fig. 2), especially as we had
experienced the eworst sandstorm yet encountered. Soon after
starting in the morning, clouds of sand were seen rising from
the hills high into the air, and before long the whole horizon
was blotted out, and next we were caught in the driving,
biting sand. As, however, we were travelling between
ranges of two sandhills, and perhaps a couple of miles from
the windward hills, we escaped the full intensity of the storm,
and our motor goggles, worn primarily as a defence against
sun-glare, greatly protected our eyes. Reluctantly leaving
the most beautiful of the few pretty spots seen during the
whole journey, we were soon among the sandhills again, cross-
ing ridge after ridge, the continual climbing and descending
in the loose sand proving very tiring alike to man and camel,
and resulting not only in constantly breaking nose lines, but
in many thrown loads, the replacing of which wasted much
time.
On October 9 we camped on the dry bed of Lake
‘Yarowinie, a narrow belt of low trees marking its flood limit.
The timber is so stunted that the nests of the Uroaetus audaz,
the largest Eagle in the world, can almost be reached from
the ground (pl. xxvi., fig. 1). This evening we unsuccessfully
dug into a rabbit-warren for a distance of 50 feet in search
of a woma (a large snake), whose tracks were seen in the
burrows. Next day we entered an area where the sandhills
412
were lower and the intervening valleys well suppled with
herbage, and occasionally scattered clumps of small timber
were found; these were always occupied with colonies of
Galahs, and for the first time I noticed that the birds had
ringbarked many of the trees (pl. xxvi., fig. 2), almost suggest-
ing that the trees were intentionally killed for the purpose
of providing “‘spouts”’ for nesting in a district where suitable
sites were palpably few. On the evening of the 10th we
reached Kanowana Station, and camped in the bed of Cooper
Creek, here absolutely dry, though only 30 miles in a straight
line from Cuttapirie Corner. At Kanowana we saw a
number of natives, mostly women, and unlike those within
reach of the mission stations, they offered no objection to being
photographed ; there were also a few children at their camps.
Our next objective was Mirra Mitta, and at Narrawalpina,
three miles out from Kanowana, we dismissed our guide,
who had followed a faint camel-pad thus far. This we soon
lost among the sandhills, and though we searched diligently
we failed to find it again. As a straight line would not touch
Mirra Mitta under 53 miles, and as the prospect of finding
water was doubtful, it was well that we should recover the
track, and a messenger was sent to bring Jack to the rescue.
The blackfellow, with the instincts of his race, picked up the
pad, and we finally parted from him, the old chap bidding
adieu with tears in his eyes. Higher sandhills were now
encountered, ridge after ridge seemingly interminable, the
intervening valleys differing greatly in respect to the vegeta-
tion they supported. )
On the evening of the 11th we again struck the dry bed
of the Cooper, and camped at a place where there were many
carcasses of dead bullocks. We next crossed the southern
end of Lake Perigundi. In this district the sandhills have
clayey substrata, which resists the wind and becomes only
partially denuded, leaving rough mounds 5 or 6 feet in
height, in which the Sand Martins make their burrows.
Every bit of bush, every stone or other object forms a break-
wind, and a wedge-shaped strip of sand remains on the shel-
tered side; this is cut to a keel-like edge, producing precisely
the effect seen on some wind-cut stones. Here I learned for the
first time that the larvae of, at any rate, some ant lions do not
always remain at the bottom of their pits, but tunnel there-
from for some distance close to the surface; by making a
sudden grab at the further end of the tunnel the larva could
often be secured.
October 12 proved to be a most irritating day. ' After
leaving the timber we had no respite from the sandhills
(pl. xxvii., fig. 1), crossing seventeen large ranges during the
413
day, with the consequent camel trouble, heightened by the
fact that some of the slopes were very steep and riddled with
rabbit-burrows, into which the animals fell, and throwing
their loads on the steeps, made recovery and replacement
heavy work. The camel-pad was hopelessly lost, but we
struck some horse tracks, believed to be those of the Mirra
Mitta boring party made some months before. The heat
was well-nigh unbearable, our water hot, and the attention
of myriads of flies almost intolerable. Still we had some com-
pensations. At the camp we obtained a large non-venomous
snake known as the woma (pl. xxvii., fig. 2), which enabled me
to determine its species; on more than one occasion I found a
goana (Varanus) ensconsed in a lateral burrow at the foot of a
sandhill, the opening barred by its hard tail, obviously as a
protection against enemies. These reptiles were fairly
common here, and the sand at the foot of the bushes was
often scooped out where the goanas had scratched for food,
possibly smaller lizards, of which many were also seen. We
had hoped to reach the Kalladeina Bore this day, but the
many adverse conditions rendered its attainment impossible.
As the next day wore on it became evident that we had
missed the bore, though, as afterwards transpired, by a very
short distance indeed. Having seen a well ahead we diverted
our train, but on arrival discovered that the well was dry,
partly sanded up, and its floor occupied by a white ow] sitting
upon four eggs. As we had but two gallons of water left, it
became necessary to push on as rapidly as possible, our course
lying over large flat areas, noteworthy mainly from the fact
that the ground was riddled with crab-holes and thickly
grown with exasperatingly tenacious and prickly burrs called
“Bindieyes,”’ or Bogan fleas. Every flat we crossed had its
quota of dead animals; on one, perhaps 12 acres in extent,
we counted over 50 dead bullocks. In the late afternoon we
passed a claypan and camped half a mile on the further side.
Our first intention on the following morning was to return
to the claypan and fill the canteens with the muddy water,
but returning from assembling the camels the Afghan told us
he had seen plenty of water directly in our course about two
miles ahead ; we therefore, foolishly, as afterwards transpired,
moved off with empty canteens. The camel driver had been
deceived by a belt of fog in the early morning, but as we had
left the claypan three miles in our rear we decided to push
on. This day we passed over sandy plains alternating with
stony desert and flanked with flat-topped hills of varying
extent, but all on the same level, representing the height of
a former land surface. This stony desert or gibber country
has sand as a substratum, and the stones, mostly small and
A414
few larger than a cricket ball, are left exposed by the shifting
sand, which, constantly driving over them, had rounded and
polished their surface and left them on an approximately |
level bedding. This day we struck a fairly defined waggon
track, and though it trended more to the southward than was
desirable, we decided to hold to it as long as its direction was
consistent. The rabbits seen were mostly sandy in colour;
one I shot essayed to climb a tree before falling back dead.
We saw some grey animals, also one black one. It was on
this day that I was fortunate in finding the nest and eggs of
the Desert Chat, as detailed in the report on the birds. As
the day drew on it became quite evident that we were head-
ing for Mungeranie, and not Mirra Mitta, and desiring, if
possible, to make the bore before camping, we pushed along
after dark, using lanterns to illumine the track. We had,
however, to give in and lay down in the open without
removing our clothes, tired and thirsty, having compassed
30 miles during the day and travelled continuously for 11?
hours. |
Rising early on the 15th our cook went out to reconnoitre,
and on returning reported that we were within five miles of
the Mungeranie Bore. The course of the hot stream was
soon evident from the rising steam (pl. xxvuil., fig. 1), artd in
due time we reached the police station, where Constable and —
Mrs. Aiston received us most hospitably. Many interesting
birds were seen at the bore creek, and as rain-clouds appeared
in the evening we did not, I am afraid, require much press-
ing on the part of our newly-found friends to induce us to
abandon the tents for the shelter of the station house.
Fourteen points of rain fell during the night, and the early
part of the 16th was utilized in drying our belongings. The
verandah of the house had been selected as a nesting site by
the Fairy Martins, whose nests crowd the angles of the roof.
The bore creek forms a fine and picturesque stream (pl. xxviil.,
hme 0
We were now again on the sandhills on the Birdsville
mail route, which runs due south to Kopperamanna. We
reached the Mission Station, now vacated, on the 18th, pass-
ing the Government Dam at Ooroowilanie, where we saw a
Silver Gull (Larus novae-hollandiae); Mulka, where a pair
of Native Companions (Grus rubicunda) were feeding ;
and White Well, near which we obtained examples of fossil
wood. We next struck westward to Killalpaninna, now the head
quarters of the Lutheran Mission. Collecting the camels on
the morning of the 19th, we found that one of our team
had fought one of the station bulls, and though he had van-
quished his rival, he had by no means escaped injury. He
415
had a large gash over one eye, a lump of flesh depending from
his lower jaw, while one leg had been badly bitten, rendering
walking difficult. We were now well into the saltbush
country, and learning that the new bore at Cannuwaukaninna
had struck water a few days previously, some of the party
left the camel train and walked to the bore head (pl. xxix.,
fig. 1). Boring had been continuous since May, 1915, and
water was struck at a depth of 3,740 feet, the output being
at the rate of half a million gallons a day. Our diversion
cost us several miles of stiff walking, for a camel team with
more than an hour’s start is not easily overtaken. Passing
Blazes Well and house we camped at Dulkaninna, and on the
evening of the next day reached Clayton Creek, having
covered 20 miles, with the poor camel bmping badly all day.
We had 90 points of rain during the night, and as rain
fell during the greater part of the 21st we were unable
to move camp, but collected in the immediate vicinity. Rain
continued all night, the glass being very low (29°43). About
10 a.m. on the 22nd conditions improved, and as the rapidly
rising waters of the creek threatened to swamp the camp we
dried the equipment and left at 12.30, with the water
4 inches below our late position, and still rising. In order
to visit the caretaker at the depot house I crossed the swollen
stream by the only means provided, a couple of wires stretched
between two trees. The rain-gauge at the house indicated
that 135 points had fallen during the three days. Travelling
for the first few miles after leaving the creek was difficult,
and even dangerous, owing to the risk of the camels breaking
their limbs, floundering over the wet and slippery ground
(pl. xxix., fig. 2). We made our last camp this evening, ana
lunching at Wells Creek, reached Hergott. without further
incident at 4 p.m. on October 23.
(c) GENERAL NOTES.
By Epcar R. Waite, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.
POST-DROUGHT CONDITIONS.
Writing in 1917 it is possible to review the results of two
beneficent seasons following the disastrous drought period of
1913-1915. The following copious rains produced a marvel-
lous growth of vegetation, in preparation for which the plants
had produced a profusion of seeds often at the expense of
416
leaves, for on the expedition it was a matter of common
remark that whereas foliage was scanty or scarcely developed,
blooms and seed-vessels were crowded on the plants to their
fullest extent. This superabundance of vegetable food would,
of course, be reflected on the animal life, as, indeed, lias
since become only too apparent. It was thought that the
first ‘season’ following the breaking of the drought would be
an admirable period for collecting zoological objects in the
interior, but it is now known that recovery was not complete,
and that better results would have accrued had the expedi-
tion been postponed for twelve months. It is now also
apparent that the results would have been appreciably greater
had we made all possible speed to Innamincka and collected
more leisurely along the course of the Cooper and extended
operations to the Diamantina, whence we learn that most of
the lake and river birds migrated.
The increase of animal life, due to favourable conditions,
following a period of drought is nothing short of marvellous.
Leaving out of consideration the question of man-tended stock,
we may look to wild animals and birds. At the time we
passed through the arid interior very few mammals were seen ;
even the rabbit seemed to have almost disappeared in places,
and no recent occupation of many large warrens was visible ;
now we are told that rabbits are swarming everywhere. The
country from one end to the other is now overrun with
milliards of mice, destroying enormous quantities of stacked
wheat. At first we read that, say, 15,000 mice were killed
at one stack in two days; then Mr. F. C. England patented
a double-fence trap, and the catches are now determined by
weight, e.g., “At one stack the system resulted in a catch of
eight tons of mice in four nights.” The fungus disease,
Favus (Achorion, sp.), has made its appearance among the
rodents, and this will no doubt rapidly decimate them. Though
not necessarily connected with post-drought conditions, it is
significant to read that railway trains are occasionally delayed
owing to the crushed bodies of myriads of grasshoppers render-
ing the rails slippery. There is also a great increase in bird
life, perhaps especially seed-eating species and those, such as
Spoonbills and Ibis, etc., feeding upon the smaller vertebrates.
EFFECTS OF STOCK.
It may be truly said that the whole face of the country
is changed by the introduction of stock; the natural denizens
are driven out either by man or his direct agency, and food
supply is monopolized by his introductions: native plants are
eradicated, and aliens are unintentionally introduced in
their stead, and it is a matter of common observation that
417
the plants and animals that have successfully combated the
keener competition of the home lands find small difficulty in
displacing those whose struggle has been less severe. As far
as pastoral occupation is concerned, the outward journey may
be divided into two portions—the first from the railway to
Mount Hopeless, and the second thence to Innamincka. The
western portion is stocked with sheep, while the eastern half
is devoted to cattle-raising. Sheep crop so closely and travel
so compactly that a mob of, say, 20,000 or 30,000 leaves
behind it nothing but a barren waste as far as the ground is con-
cerned. Cattle also devour the low bushes and trees, and as
the latter are in places no higher than cattle can reach, whole
areas may be entirely denuded. Perhaps more devastating
(within restricted areas) than either are the camels,
which drag up the herbage by the roots, and thus
destroy all chance of revegetation. There are some very
large mobs of camels in the Central districts, whose
depasturing alone must have a marked effect upon the vege-
tation. At the time of our visit the number of cattle and
sheep was at a minimum owing to the devastating influence
of the drought; but the camels, being under more personal
care, had suffered but slight diminution, the few skeletons seen
being doubtless those of animals that had got away from a camel
train or had been deserted by a drover on account of sickness.
SAND AND GIBBER.
I have already indicated that although sandhills form
a conspicuous feature in the landscape of many parts of the
interior they do not constitute, as some people suppose, the
main portion of this vast area. Still sand is plentiful, and it
varies greatly in colour in different places. The general hue
is a deep orange approaching to red; in other places it is
yellow, and we also met in certain districts with sand almost
as white as that of Calais. The topmost layer is generally
loose when dry, and subject to being translated by the wind,
but at a depth of a few inches it becomes hard and well
adapted to the needs of burrowing animals such as rabbits
and native mammals, lizards, scorpions, and sand wasps, all
with exception of the mammals, choosing places from which
the surface sand has been blown. This harder and moisture-
conserving stratum supports plant life in considerable profu-
sion, and which is found mainly on the lower parts of the slopes
to which the rain and organic matter naturally gravitate.
The “stony desert,” or gibber country, I have else-
where) referred to. Though apparently most unpromising
(1) Waite: Emu, xvi., 1917, p. 167.
O
418
as a collecting ground, it nevertheless yields some interesting
types, and it is more than probable that, given time, a
systematic vestigation would reveal a peculiar fauna and
flora suited to the remarkable conditions presented. Some
tendency in this direction was noticed during our hurried
transit, especially in the nature of assimilative colouration.
A remarkable locust (Brachytettix) was found only on
the gibber, and its reddish-brown colour exactly matches the
stones among which: it lives; this, coupled with its sluggish
habit, renders it most inconspicuous. Mention may also be
made of another locust (Hremobia) which, together with other
insects, are coloured in harmony with their surroundings.
Among the reptiles the Agamoid lizard, Typanocryptis
lineatus, provides an excellent example. It was not until
the lizard moved that it could be detected, and if its exact
settling place was not noted, it could not be found until it
again ran. The colour of the Desert Chat, Ashbyia lovensis,
which bird is also confined to the gibber country, suggests:
that it owes its brown back and yellow belly to an association
with its surroundings, for it 1s certainly an inconspicuous
little bird in its native haunts, and can with difficulty be
detected; even its bright yellow belly answers to the sand
patches found between the reddish-brown stones.
RottEN GROUND AND CLAYPANS.
The term ‘‘rotten ground’’ is applied to those extensive
areas which in flood time are under water, and is a useful
expression indicating dry land subject to inundation and
having its character considerably changed im consequence.
This land is of spongy and porous nature, but to what
circumstances such may be due I am not aware. Certain it
is that the dry land supports. a luxuriant growth of a
wretched burr, and it may be that when covered with silt
forms a kind of peat, which would accord with the conditions
observed. Even when dry the camels sink deeply, but when
soaked with flood water or heavy rains the land must be a
veritable bog, as the foot-holes made during such periods
by mobs of cattle, and remaining until the bog dries,
amply testify. Such impressions are spoken of as “crab
holes,’ and were a source of considerable danger to the
camels. |
Claypans, on the contrary, though extremely boggy in
wet weather, dry with such a hard surface that foot of man
or hoof of horse leave little or no impression. Some of the
claypans are composed of a certain addition of earthy matter,
and such when dry crack aH over. These pans are charged
— SE le
419
by rain water, which becomes extremely muddy and even
soupy, but never having the mineral flavour so pronounced
in some of the springs and soakages, is always regarded as
drinkable. The claypans are usually very shallow, and the
water speedily evaporates, but in some of the deeper ones
time is permitted for the growth or deposit of organic matter
whose presence is revealed, when dry, by it curling and peeling
off the surface layer of the pan.
THE MIRAGE.
The most common phenomenon met with was an apparent
separation of the horizon from the nearer land by a clear
space, producing the appearance of a sheet of water. The
difference of a few feet, it may be inches only, in the vertical
position of the observer may make or entirely destroy the
effect, thus a mirage invisible to a rider may present a
magnificent spectacle to a man on foot. The general effect
is-to apparently greatly increase the height of objects in the
distance: thus a narrow belt of mist or fog becomes
an extensive lake; a low bush is elevated to the dimensions
of a stately tree; whilst a narrow clay bank assumes the
appearance of a cliff.
The following ungarnished description made on the spot
as we approached Hergott on the return journey, will serve
to illustrate this:—The houses were increased in height to
apparently several stories, and were reflected in the clearest
water, spread out into a large lake, wherein the high distant
hills were faithfully mirrored. On the right was a row of
tall trees, and to the left the water was spanned by a long
viaduct; the colouration was extremely subtle and tender,
eminently Turneresque. It may be added for the benefit of
those who have not witnessed a mirage that the above picture
was not drawn by any effort of the imagination, it was
absolutely real, could stand for nothing else, and was seen
identically by all members of the party. A downward slope
of a few feet and the picture vanished, leaving in its place
a most prosaic setting of houses and desert: the lofty
mansions resolved themselves into the typical single-storied
houses of a bush town, the water had absolutely vanished,
the lofty hills dwindled to an insignificant sand ridge, while
the majestic trees turned out to be but some stunted bushes.
I was interested to learn what had been responsible for the
magnificent viaduct, and was really surprised to find that it
had been projected from a row of spaced salt bushes; the
stems elongated into the buttresses, haitiall the spreading Fe
joined to form the arches. ;
02
420
From a rough sketch and description Mr. G. A. Barnes
has evolved the accompanying’ pictures (pl. xxx.). They
are intended to illustrate the relative conditions, and not to
represent the actual scenes. No range of hills comparable to
those sketched, even in the upper picture, can be seen
anywhere near Hergott Springs. It may also be pointed out
that a very extensive foreground, which would throw the
scene away into the distance, has been omitted, only the
actual zone subject to the mirage beimg portrayed. The
reader should assume that the picture was taken with a tele-
photo lens.
BurKeE’s AND Lewis’ TREES.
The tree under which Burke was buried (pl. xxiii., fig. 1)
stands on the left bank of the Cooper, about two miles above
Innamincka. At the time of our visit the greater part of the
trunk was hidden by river silt, which all but covered the blaze
upon which the following letters had been inscribed by
Howitt after burying the body on September 21, 1861. The
South Australian Relief Expedition arrived at the tree on
December 7, 1861, when the leader, McKinlay, cut his initials
above the others. The “MK” only was visible at the time
of our visit (pl. xxil., fig. 2). The complete ingtription is said
to be as follows :—
MK Ber
It was Howitt’s party that found King living with the
_ blacks, and the member who actually first discovered him was
Edwin J. Welch, an old friend of mine in Sydney. Just
before leaving Adelaide for the interior I received a. letter
from him dated September 3, 1916. He wrote as follows : —
‘‘Dear Waite—I congratulate you, and fervently wish I could
be one of the party. It’s just 55 years since we buried Burke
in latitude 27° 43’ S., longitude 140° 46’ E., and Wills about
15 miles to the westward, both on the Cooper.’’ When at
Innamincka I received a letter from my wife in which she
informed me that Welch died on September 24, aged 77,
exactly three weeks after the letter was written, and on the
date when my party was within a few miles of the spot of which
he wrote, the scene of one of Australia’s most historic fatali-
ties. The tree under which Wills was buried appears to have
disappeared, and knowledge of the exact site lost. Since
returning to the city I have advocated the better preservation
of Burke’s tree, and recommended ‘that a cast of the inscribed
blaze be obtained.
. Zoom gees
p.m. 29°77 Cuttapirie Corner
Oe an) 2O04) hai
p.m! 295 3
10 aim, | /aOO0: geod Kanowana
p.m. 29:92
AC yp agen.) 0 - 2P RT Narrawalpina
p.m. 29°76
2am 2°74 a
pans “20°72 Slight
1SA aria os 20°86) 66o0
p.m. 29°81
14°) dagm 2060!) bre
p.m. 29°83
15.) aa 20D. 40s Mungeranie
pin Zoo ;
LG a 42978" Ow 14 Ooroowilanie
p.m. 29°85
17) sacm.) 29°05. 492
p.m. 3002
Is a.m: 13008 42'3 Kopperamanna
p.m. 2998
1 ra nis 21 AB | Dulkaninna
p.m, 29°76 |
20 2a.m..' 29:71. 56:3: ~Sheht Clayton Creek
pm... 2069
Da0 ta. ma 29°6E 54D "95 Clayton Creek
Dim, - 29°50 .
99° vraim 29°43 . 610 “40 Wells Creek
p.m. 29°49 :
23° am 20°63. SS Hergott
p.m 29°72
(¢) NOTES ON THE RAINFALL
in the neighbourhood of the districts traversed.
By H. A. Hunt, Commonwealth Meteorologist.
The rainfall over that portion of the Far Northern
Interior of South Australia traversed by members of the
expedition includes part of the driest area of Australia, with a
normal annual fall of barely 5 inches, and though the rain is
somewhat better towards the Queensland border in the
vicinity of Cordillo Downs and Haddon, and also in the south
about Parallana and Wooltana, even there it only approxi-
mates 8 inches a year.
425
137° ! 138° 139° 140°
CHART SHOWING THE
RAIN RECORDING STATIONS
on the approximate route of the
S.A. MUSEUM EXPEDITION,
,
HADDON @
GOYDER. LAGOON
e
MET CORDILLO DOWNS
27% 27°
COWARIE ; i
phn aig INNAMINCKA
| oe MUNGERANIE |
282 be 28°
LAKE
“ KILLALPANINNA
e
EYRE ,
@ PEACHAWARRINA
29° < ----—-- 29°
_ LAKE BLANCHE
® MULLOORINA
@ MONTECOLLINA
| MURNPEOWIE = |
aS 4 e
HERGOTT |® | BLANCHEWATER TILCHA
“i | 30°:
FARINA @ !
fe PARALLANA
@
MT. LYNOHURST
LAKE TORRENS
4
@
WOOLTANA
» if
137° 138° 1392 140° 141°
J al
SEP anp OCT. 1916. ce
Seis ete ea a etn SS Ee
SS i See
ee SS ee
426
Only the more southern portion of the district may be
said to come within the influence of the winter antarctic rain
storms, and the district therefore mainly depends for its
rain on monsoonal influences. These are chiefly active during
the summer period, and the accompanymg rains are
frequently very sporadic in character; spells of several
months with little or no rain are therefore not uncommon,
and what would be considered a “‘drought’’ in the more
settled areas, is here an ordinary event. All the available
records of the rainfall for the district in question have been
collected to give the following tables:—Table 1, the mean
deviation of each year’s rainfall from the normal; and Table
2, a list of the longer and more notable of the periods, with
small raimfall at each of the individual stations available.
Table 1, it will be noted, shows that the individual driest
years were 1888, 1902, 1883, 1905, and 1915, in that order,
but two of these (1888 and 1905) were simply temporary
dry spells, breaking a run of otherwise good years. Extended
dry periods were the years 1880 to 1884, 1895 to 1902, and
from 1913 to 1915. These from their continuance were
undoubtedly bad drought periods. Though the most recent
of them, which may be considered to have started in 1913
at some stations, and which (except for a temporary break in
the winter of 1915) may be reckoned to have lasted till May
or June of 1916, was certainly a ‘‘severe’’ drought. It was
less severe than the long dry spell of eight years from 1895,
which culminated in the disastrous year of 1902.
TaBe [.
DEPARTURES FROM NORMAL
of rainfall in the Far Northern Interior of South Australia
(east of Lake Eyre) from 1880 to 1916 (100 points=1 inch) : —
Year. Dep. Year. Dep.
Ne etre uk et ees 1899 0 oo
1S8b se eee A) = 2R6 1900 *!°o. >) Sy eee
L882 neers bess = LOL 1901...
1663 oo Se ees, | RE 1902” 0.
1B34 ee cee. = 1908. ow ae
Dy) eee ne. OOD 1904 8 ee
LRBG Ae oe LBC 1905, 3c
TSS/ >: Vee SS eS 1906; 0... 2)
1888 — 438 1907 +228
1889 +315 1908 +235
1890 +532 1909 —248
1891 +196 1910 +191
1892 — 58 1911 +168
1893 +113 1912 — 8
1894 +250 1913 — 94
1895 — 22 1914 —172
1896 — 250 1915 — 287
1897 — 130 1916 +207
427
‘Obtained by comparing the average fall of all the stations
available each year with the average normal falls of the same
places. Only a few places kept records in the early years
(1880-5), but from 1886 onwards from 12 to 19 separate
records are available, and the departures are therefore
eomparable.
TABLE 2.
Dry SPELLS AT INDIVIDUAL STATIONS.
Place. Months. Years. Total Avge. fall Normal
fall. per month. Ann. fall.
Farina ccc) RE id 1880-2 395 ya 659 _
Th 1888 174 16
14 1896-7 302 yay
(10 1900-1 197 . 20)
118 1901-3 266 hs
12 1914-5 232 19
8 1915-6 164 20
Mount Lyndhurst {14 1880-1 120 2 621
LE 1881-2 99 9
Lt 1888 209 19
(12 1900-1 216 18
{18 1901-3 190 ct
(12 1914-5 156 12
1 8 1915-6 2S ae
Beralagao «st :.. 12 1888 Let 14 820
: 11 1897-8 228 21:
{10 1900-1 231 23
4 22 1901-3 yay) 12
Leng 1904-5 87 12
No records after 1907.
Pe amtaia 0... {12 1880-1 334 28 763
10 1881-2 200 20
8 1883-4 124 16
i 1888 191 ty
9 1895 171 19
Lo 1897-8 285 19
(10 1900-1 132 13
Pee 1901-3 209 10
(19 1913-5 576 30
1 9 1915-6 146 16
Murnpeowie Come if 1895-6 263 15 488
15 1897-8 182 |
9 1898-9 70 8
OF 1901-3 278 13 .
{12 1914-5 167 14
eee 1915-6 102 1]
Blanchewater seal 1895-6 ofa 18 534
14 1901-2 54 4
eB, 1914-5 Lee iG
bo 1915-6 63 fi
Mentecollina PLE 1887-8 DAT BES 621
10 1896 192 19 “R2 ge
7 1897-8 66 9° e we
8 1898-9 39 5
| 9 1900 93 10
12 1901-2 38 3
No further records.
Place.
Tilcha ...
Innamincka
Cordillao Downs
Hiaddon
Cowarie
Kanowana
Mungeranie
Goyder Lagoon ...
Peachawarrina
Kilalpaninna
Months.
vB
11
ig
9
428
Years.
1888-9
1897-8 147
1900-1 235
1902 bs:
1904-6 300
1914-5 189
1915-6 90
1887-8 205
1891-2 98
1899-01 204
1901-2 45
1904-5 220
1913-4 157
1914-5 95
1883-4 351
1887-8 44]
1898-9 328
1899-01 133
1901-2 166
1904-5 248
1908-9 209
1914-5 144
1888 306
1899-01 151
1902-3 375
1908-9 286
1914-5 188
1882-4 105
1887-9 188 |
1895-7 165
1899-01 114
No further records.
1895-7 61
1897-9 181
1900-1 Lit
1902 31
1904-5 39
1914 113
1915, no record.
1901-3 FAL
1905 293
1915 67
1901-3 995
1904-6 971
1914-5 176
1915-6 2
1881-2 69
1882-4 189
1888 66
1901-2 43
No later records.
88 56
1892-3 187
1895-6 182
1899-1 962
1901-3 132
1913-4 230
1915-6 53
Avge. fall
Normal
per month. Ann. fall-
691
663.
130
794
484
413
501
580
455
583
429
Place. Months. Years. Total Avge. fall Normal
fall. per month. Ann. fall.
Hergott Springs 12 1888 235 20 604
16 1900-1 254 16
VIS 1901-2 78 6
9 1915-6 115 13
Mulloorina ... ... 12 1888 70 6 407
24 1891-3, 278 12
8 1897-8 47 6
144 1900-1 109 ll
14 1901-2 62 4
No later records.
(f) THE NATIVES.
By Enear R. Warts, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.
There is little of interest to write about the aboriginals.
The older folk are dependent on the younger ones, who are
more or less attached to the stations, the men attending to
the stock and the women doing domestic work. Many of them
had been to the mission station, and declined to be photo-
graphed as ethnological subjects. Further afield they seldom
offered objection, but on the whole they are not of good
physique; absence of strenuous work, rendered unnecessary
by the receipt of Government rations, tending to obesity and
general flabbiness.
Though more or less clothed by day for the purpose of
moving about the station precincts, we found that many of
them utterly discarded clothing for sleeping, and this practice
no doubt renders them liable to chills and attendant ills,
whereas those who never clothe are not so subject. Our native
guide, though wearing shirt and trousers by day, usually
scratched a hollow in the sand and lay down to sleep in the
open, without a vestige of covering. The older people
frequently bask in the sunshine quite naked (pl. xxiv., fig. 1).
Comparatively few children were seen, so that the once
populous Cooper Creek district will, within a few decades,
know the native no more.
At a camp near Innamincka Head Station we saw
several very old natives, all blind, doubtless the result of
Trachoma, or sandy blight. The eye slits were invisible
owing to the presence of a regular row of flies, apparently
sipping the moisture exuded. All the natives seem to be very
tolerant of flies at their eyes.
430
The mortality among the station natives appears to be
very great indeed: witness the numbers of recent graves in
the burial areas (pl. xxu., fig. 1). If the white man has been
responsible for the introduction of clothing and its implied
sense of modesty, he is also responsible for the introduction
of many diseases among these children of Nature. The
Government has in its wisdom introduced reserves for the
blackfellow, but he has to live under the conditions of and
in contact with the white man; and herein lies the secret of
his extermination from the face of what was once his own
country.
The naturalist finds that the altered conditions are a
distinct disadvantage; these station natives being well
supplied with food and tobacco, cannot be induced to collect
specimens, and as the smaller mammals and reptiles can
scarcely be otherwise obtained, ‘the collections suffer greatly
in consequence.
(4g) MAMMALIA AND OPHIDIA.
By Epear R. Warts, F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.
i Mammalia.
GouLp’s Bat (Chalinolobus gouldu, Gray).
Scotophilus gouldu, Gray: Grey’s Journ. App., 1841, p. 405.
The day following that on which we left the Cooper at
Cuttapirie Corner, namely, on October 9, we secured a single
specimen of this species, the only one obtained on the
expedition, and not previously recorded from the Interior.
After removing four eggs of a Budgerigar (Melopsitticus
undulatus) from a dead tree, we overturned the stump, and
the bat crawled out. From this tree we also took a pair of
Click beetles (Agrypnus mastersi ).
Grey’s Bat (Scotophilus greyw, Gray).
(See Dobson: Cat. Chiroptera, Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 263.)
Later in the same day as that on which the forenamed
species was taken, I pulled over another stump and a stream
of bats emerged. There must have been between three and
four dozen of them, all of the same species. We took a small
number, from which the identification is made.
They agree well with the description of Scotophilus
greyii, but there is certainly indication of a small posterior
cusp on the cingulum of the upper incisors. The colour above
431
- is sandy or buff, the basal half of the hairs being brown: the
colour of the lower parts is distinctly. hghter, the outer half
of the hairs being almost white.
The following seven species of bats are now known from
the Central Districts :—
Megaderma gigas, Dobson.
Nyctophilus timoriensis, Geoffroy.
V esperugo pumilus, Gray.
“Scotophilus morio,” Gray (fide Sanger).
Scotophilus greyu, Gray.
Chalinolobus gouldu, Gray.
Nyctinomus austrahs, Gray.
Native Doe (Cans dingo, Blumenbach).
Though seldom seen, the dingo was in evidence through-
out almost the whole of the journey, its tracks or remains
being quite common. The spoor of the dingo is indistinguish-
able from that of a domestic dog of similar size, but an
examination of its tracks reveals a trait which the household
animal has, in the process of domestication, forgotten. The
course of a dog, if not exactly direct, is more or less continuous,
but that of a dingo is direct from bush to bush or rock, or
other object, the animal making for cover, and thence
reconnoitring before moving to its next. object of concealment.
At night time we occasionally heard dingos in the
vicinity of the camp, and less frequently saw them, when
conditions were favourable; but the slightest movement, as
that involved in reaching for a gun, and they disappeared.
Whenever cattle or sheep stations were approached, the
skulls of dingos were found, the animals having been poisoned
and scalped, a profitable proceeding, as the Government pays
7s. 6d. for each scalp secured. Even in remote districts, where
cattle have died as a result of the great drought of 1914-1916,
enterprising trappers had poisoned the carcases, and skeletons
of dingos were common. in the vicinity.
At a native camp I saw a couple of pure dingo pups; but
unlike the puppies of domestic dogs, which show unmistakable
signs of affection and dependence, these pups retreated before
me and snarled at my nearer approach, though apparently
docile enough in the hands of their owner. Dingos thus
reared are said never to exhibit the affection associated with
domestic dogs.
The origin of the dingo in Australia is a fertile source
of inquiry. Etheridge () the latest contributor to the subject,
(1) Etheridge: Mem. Geol. Surv. N.S. Wales (Eth., Ser. 2):
1916, ~p. 48. | | :
432
has recently reviewed the evidence in favour of or against
the indigenous origin of the species, and though not making
any definite pronouncement, apparently inclines to the
belief that the dingo existed in Australia prior to the advent
of man.
Rep Kanearoo (Macropus rufus, Desmarest).
No wallabies and few kangaroos were met with. All
were of this species, which is the only one known from the
Central district. A female (Blue Doe) and a third-grown
young one were disturbed on a wooded flat near Trinity on
September 16, where numerous tracks indicated that the
animals are not uncommon in the district; an opinion after-
wards confirmed by the manager of the station. The largest
mob seen was near Petermorra Bore, in the Mount Hopeless
district, where thirteen kangaroos crossed our course, their
synchronous, or alternating, movements producing an
interesting effect.
Wire fences, where they occur—and ‘‘vermin-proof’’
fences are met with in most out-of-the-way places—limit
the range of native animals, and render their destruction
easier to both man and dingo. On one occasion we chased a
pair of the animals to a fence. One doubled back along the
wire ; the other, being headed off, dashed between two of the
camels, passing under the nose-line. When near Parachilna
on the homeward rail journey we started another pair, which
bounded along in front of the train, within the wire
enclosure, for a distance of about two miles. Descending a
gradient our speed was increased to one which proved too
reat for the fast-tiring animals. One dashed at the fence
and broke through; the other attempted to jump over it, but,
striking the netting, fell back apparently exhausted. In a
few seconds it was on its legs again, and, doubling back,
gave the interested spectators in the train a splendid exhibition
of macropine progression.
Common Opossum (T'richosurus vulpecula, Kerr).
When hunting for nocturnal insects I disturbed several
opossums along the course of the Cooper, and in the daytime
their tracks on the ground were commonly seen. These are
generally in a straight line, connecting the trees with each
other, and the distinctness of the pads shows that they are
frequently used. One evening an opossum jumped from a low
branch, sprang over my head, alighted on its pad, and was
thence lost in the darkness.
Next evening I took a gun with me and secured a
specimen ; its fur was oe with red, thus approaching the
character of the variety, 7. johnstonu, Ramsay.
433
RazssBit Banpicoot (Thalacomys lagotis, Reid).
On October 17, when in the neighbourhood of Ooroo-
wilanie, I picked up at the foot of one of the sandhills a
weather-worn skull of an old rabbit bandicoot.
As far as can be ascertained from its defective condition
and large size, it is referable to Thalacomys lagotis, but it
may be noted’ that three other species have been named from
Central Australia: —7. lewcura, Thomas; 7. minor, Spencer ;
and 7. sagitta, Thomas.
Apart from this skull and tracks near Mungeranie,
believed to be those of the ‘‘Pinto,’’ no other traces of the
animals were met with, though the natives know them well.
At one time they were in the habit of digging them out of
their burrows for food, but since the introduction of ‘‘Govern-
ment rations’ they cannot be induced to collect, offers of
pipes, tobacco, and sweets producing the usual profusion of
promises, but no performances.
SHORT-NOSED Banpicoor (Perameles obesula, Shaw).
The only evidence of the existence of bandicoots is
supplied by the examination of the pellets of owls. On
October 13, two days after leaving Kanowana, when somewhat
distressed for want of water, we sighted a well ahead, but,
as mentioned in the introduction, found the well dry and
occupied by a white owl sitting on eggs. Eight pellets were
obtained, and subsequent examination revealed the presence
of remains of a bandicoot in one of them. The animal was
evidently quite young, but portion of the skull with most of
the teeth were preserved, and enabled the determination to
be made.
Two species of Perameles have been recorded from the
Interior, namely, Pf. obesula, Shaw; and P. eremzana,
Spencer. Direct comparison with cabinet specimens, result-
ing in agreement in respect to the teeth, and especially the
large and peculiar shape of the auditory bullae, leads me to
associate the remains with the former species. Beyond
Measurements, details of the skull of P. eremzana are not
available, and my specimen being extremely young and
incomplete, comparative dimensions are of little aid for the
purposes of identification.
THICK-TAILED PoucHED Mouse (Sminthopsis crassicaudata,
Gould).
_ A dried specimen picked up at Wade Creek on
September 14 by Capt. White proves to be of this species.
434
Tracks of small mammals were commonly seen on the sand-
hills at the Lakes Crossing, thence up the bed of the
Strzelecki and on the banks of the Cooper. The animals had
pattered around the bushes, and traps were freely set in such
situations and left overnight, but without success. Not a
single living example was seen, and rewards offered to the
native women, who are adepts at digging out small mammals
and reptiles, were disregarded owing to the plenitude of food
and luxuries provided by the Government. Constable Aiston,
of Mungeranie, told me that his cat brings in three different
kinds of “‘bush mice,” but it did not oblige us on the
evening we spent there, offering a Fairy Martin by way
of variety, for which act it was suitably reprimanded by
Mrs. Aiston.
Evidence of the existence of these small marsupials is
abundantly afforded by an examination of the pellets ejected
by the White Owls. These birds were found to be quite
common in the timbered areas bordering the Cooper between
Innamincka and Kanowana, and accumulations of the pellets
were discovered in many of the larger “‘spouts,’’ from some
of which the birds were disturbed. On October 6 Capt.
White was investigating such a “spout” when a feral
domestic cat sprang out. It was discovered to have been
camping on a bed of owl pellets. It had no doubt killed the
owl and was then probably living upon young Galahs, which
were found in almost every suitable nesting place in the
neighbourhood.
A subsequent examination of the pellets obtained along
the course of the Cooper reveals the fact that though their
main constituents are the remains of rodents, there is a fair
proportion of marsupials also. The skulls of five individuals
of the genus Sminthopsis were taken from one pellet, so that
the animals must be common in favourable localities. Owing
to their fragmentary character it is not possible to definitely
determine them specifically, but the teeth and portions of the
skulls preserved are indistinguishable from those of S.
crassicaudata.
In addition to this species, quite a number of the smaller
mammals from the arid interior, both marsupials and
placentals, develop the base of the tail to a remarkable extent;
Phascogale macdonnellensis and Sminthopsis laragyinta are
instances of the one, and Laomys pedunculatus of the
other. The storage of food at the base of the tail 1s,
of course, well known elsewhere; even the star-nosed mole
1s reported to accumulate food in the tail as a Peer
for the winter.
435
Ophidia.
Family TYPHLOPIDAE.
TYPHLOPS BITUBERCULATUS, Peters.
Onychocephalus bituberculatus, Peters: Monats. Akad. Berlin,
1863, p. 233, and 1867, p. 708, fig. 4. c :
Typhlops bituberculatus, Boulenger: Cat. Snakes, Brit. Mus.,
B.optO05, p.. 48.
On turning over a termite-riddled log on the Strzelecki
Creek, a single blind snake was secured. Another specimen
of the same species, taken at Quorn, was handed to me on our
return journey by Mounted Constable Curman.
The South Australian Museum also possesses examples
from Cooper and Leigh Creeks, both in the Central districts.
T. bituberculatus is very common in South Australia,
whence the type was obtained ; it: also occurs in New South
Wales, Queensland, Victoria,’2) and Western Australia, ©
and we have many specimens from each State. Though pre-
viously figured by Peters, as above indicated, the head-shields
are here represented because the first published illustration is
not accessible in most Australian libraries, a disability
experienced in regard to so many of our species of the family.
Many of the blind snakes emit a most objectionable odour
when handled.
TYPHLOPS AUSTRALIS,’ Gray.
Anilios australis, Gray: Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 135.
Pepiops preiss:, Jan:- Icon. Gén., 1860, p, 15, lv. 1,
pli v.5fig.. 2.
Onychocephalus bicolor, Peters: Mon. Akad. Berl., 1860, p. 81.
This species was not taken on the expedition, but the
South Australian Museum possesses examples obtained on
Cooper and Leigh Creeks. It also occurs in Victoria, South
Australia, and Western Australia.
(2) Lucas: Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., ix., new ser., 1896, p. 43.
(3) Werner: Fauna Siidwest Aust., i1., 1909, p. 256.
436
Family BOIDAE.
ASPIDITES RAMSAYI, Macleay.
PL cxxviis fee.
Aspidiotes ramsayi, Macleay: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
vi., 1882, p. 813; Longman: Mem. Queensl. Mus., v., 1916, p. 48.
Aspidites ramsayi, Boulenger: Cat. Snakes, Brit. Mus., i.,
1893, p. 92; Waite: Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, (2), ix., 1894,
Dt Lops
Aspidites collaris, Longman: Mem. Queensl. Mus., ii., 1913,
p. 40.
Sy ae
We frequently saw the tracks of large snakes on the sand-
hills, often in the neighbourhood of rabbit burrows, and
where the snake had apparently been resting, and especially
after rain, the impression was sometimes so sharp that the
imprint of the ventral plates could be counted for the space
im which they had been in contact with the sand.
More than once we attempted to dig a snake out, guided
by the tracks through the ramifications of the burrow. On
one occasion we opened up a trench to an aggregate length
of 50 feet, and, though guided by a blackfellow, we were
unsuccessful. The natives, however, do unearth snakes from
a
437
the warrens, and at one spot we came across two men who
had got a couple of rabbits by digging with sticks only. One
and all spoke of the snake as ‘“‘wora,’’ and as I had
frequently heard of a big snake by this name, I was particu-
larly anxious to establish its identity. Chance at length gave
me the desired opportunity, for on October 12, two days
after leaving Kanowana Station, when we were practically
lost among an apparently never-ending succession of sand-
hills, we camped in the fast-disappearing daylight; in
unloading the camels, one of the packs was deposited almost
on to a large snake coiled on the sand. This welcome
incident greatly alarmed our Afghan driver, who evinced the
greatest horror of all reptiles, and spurred him into most
unusual activity. The snake was soon secured and tied up
alive, but was dead next morning, when it was posed and
photographed (pl. xxvu., fig. 2).
The “woma” of the Cooper Creek district proves to be
Aspidites ramsayi, and when fresh the general colour was
pale greenish-grey above, somewhat darker on the head ; under-
parts yellow with pinkish-brown blotches, especially well-
marked on the fore parts and beneath the tail. The markings
are in the form of olive-coloured bands. They reach within
two scales of the ventrals, and join over the back, forming a
network two meshes wide. There are 89 bands on the body
and 14 on the tail. As the specimen obtained differs
considerably from those [| had previously examined, some
details of its structure may be discussed. In this connection
also I have examined four other specimens afforded by this
Museum; the resulting conclusions support Mr. Longman’s
statement that the head-shields are very variable. In the
above-noted paper I emphasized certain characters which
seemed conclusive for the determination of the two species,
Aspidites melanocephalus and A. ramsayr. When a larger
series of specimens is examined these supposed characters.
largely fail, but the number of ventral and sub-caudal
shields appear to be reliable characters for the recognition of
the two species. In A. melanocephalus the ventrals number
321 to 338, and the sub-caudals 60 to 69, whereas in A.
ramsayt these plates number 287 to 308 and 51 to 53
respectively. Female snakes frequently have shorter tails
than males, but the figures given above bear no relation to
sex, as the examples of A. ramsayr, from which the numbers
were obtained, are of both sexes. The wholly black or brown
head and neck may be characteristic of A. melanocephalus,
but it may be noted that of the specimens of A. ramsayi now
under review, two young examples exhibit some black mark-
ings ; thus in one, the snout, chin, and some of the head plates
438
are black, and in another, dark markings are found on the
neck. Replying to my inquiry as to the condition in A.
collaris, Mr. Longman informs me that he now suggests that
the strikingly white colouration of the specimen may be
explained as a case of partial albinism. Melanistic birds are
but rarely met with, whereas albinos, on the contrary, are
within the experience of everyone. The reverse condition
SYA A
uk i Ur ¢ O44
Nvvecavecoes
WM IIADAA TY
sqtcesuce
SKS YY
appears to obtain in regard to snakes, for Boulenger writes :—
(4)“Melanism is frequent in snakes . . . partial albinism
is rare; perfect albinism, characterized by absence of black
pigment in the eye, rarer still.’’()
Other characters I had relied upon to distinguish the
species of Asprdites were the condition and number of the
head shields, particular importance being attached to the
number of the labial entering the orbit, the sixth being
indicative of A. melanocephalus and the seventh of 4A.
ramsayt. Of the five specimens of the latter species now
under notice, one conforms to the statement, in two the sixth
(4) Boulenger: Snakes of Europe, 1918, p. 39. |
(5) For discussion on albinos and white varieties see Waite
and others, Zoologist, (3), xv., 1892, and xvi., 1893.
439
labial enters the orbit, in one the sixth and seventh on both
sides do so (fig. 4), while in the remaining two examples
the labials are cut off from the orbital margin, each by two
suboculars (fig. 5).
Though apparently of fundamental importance, the
conditions here detailed may be produced by slight superficial
changes. If we turn to figs. 3 and 4 of my paper (1894), it will
be apparent that if the lower preocular and the seventh labial
of fig. 3 were fused, the condition would be similar to that
in fig. 4, apart from the number of the labial involved. Then
as regards the presence or absence of suboculars, the relative
conditions are really slight, depending upon the degree with
which the apex of the labial is pushed upwards towards the
orbit, resulting in a separation of the orbitals or otherwise.
Similar variability exists in regard to the posterior pre-
frontals: in one of two specimens of A. ramsayi taken
together, the shields are in contact for more than half their
length (fig. 6), whereas in the other they are quite separated
(fig. 7). The loreals are very unstable, ranging from one to
three, while in one example there are six on each side.
In addition to the larger number of ventral and sub-
caudal plates found in A. melanocephalus, we may note the
smaller number of the lower labials, 14 to 17; they range
from 17 to 20 in A. ramsayt. The number of scales round
the body varies from 53 to 63, but the differences are not
correlated with the species. In most snakes the scales
are normally arranged in an odd number of rows, the ventral
plate connecting the two even sides. Having no enlarged
ventral plates, the Typhlopidae furnish an exception, bearing
an even number of scales round the body. Krefft counted 52 in
the type of A. melanocephalus, but on examination Boulenger
corrected the number to 53; similarly I am allowing 63 scales
for the specimen credited with 64 by Longman.
The ‘‘entire’’ anal is probably a character of the genus,
though Macleay stated that the type of Ad. ramsayi had two
anal plates.
As far as known also, the distribution of the two species
is different, A. melanocephalus being a northern form
recorded from eastern and northern Queensland, and 4.
ramsayi transcontinental, occurring in northern New South
Wales, Southern Queensland, across the central districts to
Western Australia south of lat S. 23°.
The followimg table shows the characters of the several
examples known to me by descriptions or specimens. The
details of A. melanocephalus, the type excepted, are kindly
supplied by Mr. Longman from specimens in the Queensland
Museum : —
440
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PuaTE XXXII.
The tract of country collected over practically formed.
a triangle, situated between the Cooper and Strzelecki Creeks,
and the expedition traversed two sides, the railway between
Farina and Hergott Springs forming the base. Seeing that
the Cooper is much more often in flood than any other creek
or river in the Central region, and that many fine waterholes:
occur along ‘its course, one would naturally suppose that the
bird-hfe would be much more numerous in comparison with
drier districts, but I was exceedingly surprised and disap-
pointed to find that this was not the case. With the exception
of the Bare-eyed Cockatoos (Ducorpsius gymnoms), Rose-
breasted Cockatoo (Holophus roseicapillus), and the Shell
Parrots or Love Birds (Melopsittacus undulatus), the
paucity of bird-life was remarkable. This may be to some
extent due to severe droughts coming upon an overstocked
country, and to the ravages of rabbits, for much of the bush
of the country is almost exterminated, and, as far as I can
see, is going from bad to worse. The time of our visit to
the district was a remarkably good season, but in spite of the
great quantity of herbage growing over the sandy country,
there is no chance, even if a number of good seasons should
succeed each other (which is not at all likely), of the country
ever regaining its original state. So it is quite possible much
of the bird-life has shifted into unoccupied districts. When
the expedition had almost completed the journey, it was
found that the Diamantina, to the north, had been in flood
for several months, and there is little doubt much of the
water-fowl had collected there to nest earlier in the season.
One hundred and six species of birds were collected or
recorded during the period of the expedition.
A new tree-creeper (Climacteris waitei) was discovered
on the Cooper, and the nest and eggs of Ashbyia lovensis were
made known to science.
The expedition has been the means of greatly extending
our knowledge of the range of distribution of many species,
especially so with the Black-banded Whiteface (A phelo-
cephala nigricincta) and the Desert Chat (Ashbyia lovensis)-
442
Many of the birds were found to be those of a typical
desert. country, and were previously met with by me over the
whole of the central area. I was surprised not to have seen
a single Crested Rock Pigeon (Lophophaps plumifera
leucogaster), for these birds were seen in numbers by Capt.
Sturt when he discovered that region. But it is more than
likely that the domestic cat imtroduced by white man and
now gone wild, has exterminated this lovely bird. I believe
I am the first to write up the avifauna of the Cooper Creek
district. The only bird I know of being described from the
Cooper is the Pallid Yellow-vented Parrot (WNorthiella
haematogaster pallescens, Salvadori). From what part of the
Cooper this bird came or how Count Salvadori obtained it, I
am not aware.
Each species in the following list has my field notes
attached ; the measurements of the total length and expanse
of the wings are expressed in millimetres; the nomenclature
is that of Gregory M. Mathews’ “List of the Birds of
Australia, 1913.”’
I have compared the birds’ skins with those in my own
collection and in ‘the South Australian Museum, and in
reference to the latter I have to thank Mr. F. R. Zietz,
Museum Ornithologist, in giving me every assistance in
examining the collection under his charge.
Order CASURIIFORMES.
Family DROMICEIIDAE.
DROMICEIUS NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Latham (Emu).
Not a single bird was seen during the trip, and only once
were their tracks noticed.
Order TURNICIFORMES.
Family TURNICIDAE.
AUSTROTURNIX V. VELOX, Gould (Little Quail).
A fair number of these swift-flying quail were met with
on flooded ground near the Cooper, whenever there was
sufficient cover for them, generally in pairs, and once
flushed were seldom seen again. Two specimens were obtained,
and upon comparison with skins taken near Adelaide, show
ttle or no variation.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 d 133°5 mm. 255 mm.
October 5... od 152 mm. — 257°5 mm.
443
Order COLUMBIFORMES.
Family COLUMBIDAE.
STICTOPELEIA C. CUNEATA, Latham
(Eastern Spotted-shouldered Dove.)
This is a widely distributed bird, and was found all over
the country where waters existed. The plaintive cooing note
was often heard while we were travelling down the Cooper.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 CG 210°75 mm. a
October 9... 3 208 mm. 292 mm.
Specimens agree with others in my collection, taken in many
other parts of the State.
OcyPHAPS L. LOPHOTES, Temminck (Crested Pigeon).
These fine birds were met with wherever there was
permanent water, sometimes in pairs, at other times in
parties of a dozen or more. They were breeding during the
time we passed through the country. The nest consists of a
few sticks carelessly placed in a mulga, 8 or 10 feet from the
ground, but I have seen them in a cane bush almost on the
ground. The nest invariably contained two eggs, pure white.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 18 ct 346 mm. 501:°75 mm.
September 18 fe) 304 mm. 447°5 mm.
I see no variation as to colour with birds from other localities.
Order RALLIFORMES.
Family RALLIDAE.
MICROTRIBONYX VENTRALIS WHITEI, Gould
(Black-tailed Native Hen).
These birds were met with at several places along the
Cooper, but not in the numbers one would expect. No signs
of mating were seen; they were in fairly large parties. Capt.
Sturt mentions in his journal as having met with these birds
in great numbers when he traversed that country. Four
specimens taken measured as follows :—
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 8 d 307 mm. 716 mm.
October 8 Q 330 mm. 640 mm.
October 8 Q 349 mm. 640 mm.
October 8 Q 3505 mm. 646°5 mm.
444
Order PODICIPIFORMES.
Family PODICIPIDAE.
TACHYBAPTUS RUFICOLLIS NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Stephens
(Black-throated Grebe).
One or two birds were seen upon the large waterholes,
but no specimens were taken. | ,
Order LARIFORMES.
Family LARIDAE.
GELOCHELIDON NILOTICA MACROTARSA, Gould
(Australian Gull-billed Tern).
Several birds seen flying over a large waterhole on the
‘Strzelecki Creek. No specimens were secured.
HYDROPROGNE TSCHEGRAVA STRENUA, Gould
(Australian Caspian Tern).
A fine bird of this species was seen flying low over the
waters of the Cooper, on the watch for fish, the bill being
pointed downwards in characteristic manner. |
THALASSEUS BERGII POLIOCERCUS, Gould (Crested Tern).
Several of these birds were observed flying low over the
saltbush country which surrounded Lake Harry. There was
a little surface water lying about at the time, in small clay-
pans, but nowhere more than half an inch deep.
BRUCHIGAVIA NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE ETHELAE, Mathews
(Southern Silver Gull).
Seen by Mr. Edgar R. Waite on the fine reservoir at
Ooroowilanie, October 17.
Order CHARADRIIFORMES.
Family VANELLIDAE.
ERYTHROGONYS C. cINcTUS, Gould (Red-kneed Dotterel).
Two adult birds in company with two young fledged birds
visited a waterhole where we were camped early one morning ;
this was the only time upon which this species was observed.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 8... a 181 mm. 371 mm.
October 8 (imm.) 178 mm. 356 mm.
3
October 8... fe) 181 mm. 368 mm.
445
Young of the first year, still fully fledged, only possess
the adult markings of the wings, 7.é., primaries dark
blackish-brown, tipped with white; secondaries, basal half
black, the remainder white; show no sign of black head, and
deep black band across the breast of the adult bird of both
sexes; the whole of the upper-surface is of a silvery-grey,
most of the feathers margined with dull white; all under-
surface white; two central tail feathers brown, margined
with dull yellow, the remainder tipped with white, and in some
instances margined with brown and dull yellow; bill differs
from the adult in being dull plum colour, instead of rich
deep red; iris bluish-black instead of brown; feet bluish;
knees dull plum colour; while the adult has legs and feet
slate-black; knees bright plum colour.
LOBIBYX NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Stephens (Spur-winged: Plover).
At several places these birds were observed. At Munger-
anie quite a number of young birds was seen.
ZONIFER TRICOLOR, Vieillot (Black-breasted Plover).
These birds were not often seen, and appeared to be
restricted to the flooded country.
Family CHARADRIIDAE.
LEUCOPOLIUS RUFICAPILLUS, Temminck
(Red-capped Dotterel).
Thinly scattered over the country, met with in twos and
threes at dams, waterholes, and watercourses. Upon
comparing those taken, little or no variation can be seen
between the northern and southern birds.
ELSEYA MELANOPS, Vieillot (Black-fronted Dotterel).
There was hardly a waterhole of any size which these
birds were not found to frequent. They would run along
the edge of the water, stopping every few feet, and bob their
heads up and down, then on again, to repeat the performance ;
when flushed they flew to the opposite side of the water, and
while on the wing gave forth a sharp call of one note.
Total length.
September 15 3 166 mm.
_ September 24 3 160 mm.
September 25 a 152 mm.
On comparison with southern birds,
be’ seen.
Expanse of wings.
349 mm.
352 mm.
334 mm.
no variation can
446
Family RECURVIROSTRIDAK.
HiMANTOPUS LEUCOCEPHALUS, Gould (White-headed Stilt).
Quite a number of these birds was met with at Munger-
anie, wading in the shallow swamp formed by the overflow
of the bore water; many of them were immature.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 15 ... 3 375 mm. 728 mm.
October 15 ... Q 358 mm. 691 mm.
RECURVIROSTRA NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Vieillot
(Red-necked Avocet).
A large flock of these birds (mostly immature) was
feeding in company with the preceding species on the swamp
at Mungeranie. They were thrusting their strange
recurved bills into the mud and uttering a plaintive call. _
| Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 15°. °°. Q 413 mm. 736 mm.
October 15... fe) 406 mm. 755 mm.
October 15 __... Q 432 mm. | 722 mm.
October 15... Se) 413 mm. 739 mm.
The immature birds could be easily distinguished by the
reddish-brown top to the head, the throat almost grey, the
feathers of the neck not nearly so rich a red as in the adult.
The primaries are black, as with the adult bird, but the wing
coverts, instead of being black, are dark brown, each feather
tipped with dull white, giving a mottled appearance; bill
black; iris bluish-black; feet and legs delicate pale blue.
Family GLAREOLIDAE.
STILTIA ISABELLA, Viellot (Australian Pratincole).
Only seen upon one occasion; a pair flew round a large
claypan containing water.
PELTOHYAS AUSTRALIS, Gould (Australian Dotterel).
This bird was met with on the tablelands in many places,
moving about in small parties, from three or four to a dozen.
They are very difficult to pick out amongst the gibbers, having
such a protective colouration. There is no doubt they were —
breeding in many localities, but only once were eggs found,
and these when a camel had almost trodden upon the sitting
bird. The eggs were laid in a cattle track made when the
ground was soft, but since become hard clay. There was not
the slightest attempt at making a nest. The bird fluttered
off, feigning a broken wing to lure us from the spot.
Total length. Expanse of wings. .
September 14 Z 220 mm. 456 mm.
September 17 2) 226 mm. | 462 mm.
October 19 ... Q 217 mm. 456 mm.
447
aFamily BURHINIDAE.
BURHINUS MAGNIROSTRIS, Latham (Eastern Stone Plover).
These birds were heard calling at night in one or two
localities, but were not met with during the day time. No
specimen secured.
Family OTIDIDAE.
AUSTROTIS AUSTRALIS, Gray (Australian Bustard).
I was much surprised not meeting with this bird in
numbers after such a good season. Only seen upon the wing.
Order PSOPHIITFORMES.
Family PSOPHIIDAE.
MATHEWSIA RUBICUNDA, Perry
(Australian Crane, or Native Companion).
Two birds observed by our leader, Mr. Waite, on October
17, in a small swamp near New Well.
Order ARDEIFORMES.
Family PLEGADIDAE.
PLaTIBIS FLAVIPES, Gould (Yellow-billed Spoonbill).
These birds were seen in several places along the Cooper,
and a single bird was disturbed from a washout near the
Strzelecki Creek, a little south of Innamincka. I observed
them late one moonlight night feeding on the edge of the
water at Cuttapirie Corner.
Family ARDEIDAE.
NovrorpHoyx NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Latham
(White-fronted Heron).
Met with at many places on the Strzelecki and Cooper
Creeks ; generally single birds at the waterholes. These were
very shy; no specimens taken.
Myoua pactrica, Latham (White-necked Heron).
This bird was rather numerous along the watercourses
or near permanent waters. As many as thirty were seen
together at one time.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 4... 2s 760 mm. 1,419 mm.
NYCTICORAX CALEDONICUS,AUSTRALASIAE, Vieillot
(Australian Night Heron).
These birds were heard at night while we were travelling
down the Cooper. Several seen in the big gums at
_ Innamincka. |
448
Order ANSERIFORMES.
Family ANATIDAE.
CHENONETTA JuBATA, Latham (Wood Duck, or Maned Goose). —
A few small parties met with on the Cooper, many of
the birds being fully-fledged young.
VIRAGO GIBBERIFRONS (Grey Teal).
A few seen on the waterholes, and-also along the Cooper.
Two quite young broods came under notice, the parent birds
feigning lameness to distract attention from their young.
MALACORHYNCHUS MEMBRANACEUS, Latham
(Pink-eared Duck).
Only a few birds met with in the hignum swamps; they
were breeding.
Order PELECANIFORMES.
Family PHALACROCORACIDAE.
PHALACROCORAX CARBO NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Stephens
(Black Cormorant).
Seen once upon Cooper Creek.
MIcROCARBO MELANOLEUCUS, Vieillot (Little Cormorant).
Observed. at Birkett’s woolshed waterhole and once
on the Cooper. |
Family PELECANIDAE.
CATOPTROPELICANUS CONSPICILLATUS, Temminck
(Eastern Pelican).
A small party of these fine birds was seen at the Lakes
Crossing, flying towards Lake Blanche; also on the Cooper
at Innamincka.
Order ACCIPITRIFORMES.
Family FALCONIDAE.
Uroaetus aupax, Latham (Wedge-tailed Eagle).
Very few of these fine birds were seen. Two or three
dead ones were picked up, evidently poisoned by wild-dog
baits. Old nests were seen, but none lately occupied.
HIERAAETUS MORPHNOIDES, Gould (Little Eagle).
Several birds seen during the trip. One taken September
18 was a female sitting very closely on a single egg; nest a
large construction of sticks placed in a sandalwood tree, 15 to
20 feet from the ground.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
ihe 4 i,” td ag , be tse ed ay e nt p
September 18°°° O° 508 mm:
se
449
HALIASTUR SPHENURUS, Vieillot (Whistling Eagle).
These birds were numerous along the: Cooper, and were
found breeding in several localities.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 d 520 mm. 1,358 mm.
September 22 Q 553 mm. 1,390 mm.
MILVUS KORSCHUN AFFINIS, Gould (Allied Kite).
At our camps during the journey up the Strzelecki Creek
these birds were very numerous. No sooner were the camels
unloaded than the kites put in an appearance, and became
very bold, but at the sight of a gun they were off. Some
birds showed little if any fork in the tail; the only female
taken had the tail quite square, and plumage very mottled.
Six specimens were taken; measurements as follows :—
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 3 5389 mm. 1,302 mm.
September 26 d 514 mm. 1,283 mm.
September 27 3d 521 mm. _ 1,283 mm.
September 27 3 521 mm. ' 1,290 mm.
October 4 3 508 mm. 1,243 mm.
October 6 Q 508 mm. 1,271 mm.
These birds were lost sight of upon the last part of the
journey. During my Central Australian Expedition, 1913
(see Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. xxxvili.), only one bird
was seen, and during my Far North-west Expedition, 1914
(see Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. xxxix.), not a single
bird came under notice.
GYPOICTINIA MELANOSTERNA, Gould (Black-breasted Buzzard).
Several of these fine birds were seen during the course of
the expedition; they were mostly soaring very high. One
day when following up the Strzelecki Creek my attention was
drawn to a pair of these birds circling round a dead tree, and
upon making investigations found they had a large nest
constructed with sticks. It was placed about 40 feet from
the ground: while I stood underneath one of the birds
alighted on the edge of the nest, and upon climbing up found
the nest was just lined ready for the eggs.
IERACIDEA BERIGORA, Vigors and Horsfield (Brown Hawk).
This is the interior form of this bird. All birds seen
were of the uniform reddish-brown colouration. They were
found over the whole of the country traversed, and were
breeding throughout the months of September and October.
P
450
The discordant cries of this bird were heard during most
of the day, and up to very late in the evening. This lhght
ruddy phase I have found to be most consistent throughout the
interior, and the dark form seems to be confined to the
coastal areas. ,
Total length. Expanse of wings.
_ September 18 3 355 mm. 912 mm.
CERCHNEIS CENCHROIDES, Vigors and Horsfield
(Nankeen Kestrel).
These birds were occasionally seen, but were not numerous.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 Q 330 mm. "| 742 mm.
Order STRIGIFORMES.
Family STRIGIDAE.
SPILOGLAUX BOOBOOK, Latham (Boobook Owl).
The unmistakable call of this bird was heard upon many
occasions during the-night-time. No specimens were secured.
HIERACOGLAUX CONNIVENS, Latham (Winking Owl).
A pair of these birds was observed in the vicinity of
“Burke’s Tree,” at Innamincka, where one was secured.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 2 3 432 mm. 1,042 mm.
They were very wary, and it was not till after many
attempts that they could be approached within gun-shot, keep-
ing to the large gum timber along the creek.
Family TYTONIDAE.
TyToO ALBA DELICATULA, Gould (Masked Owl).
These useful birds were found to be fairly plentiful all
over the country visited, and showed a great liking for
deserted wells: in one case a bird was sitting upon eggs on
the sand at the bottom of a dry well. Upon many occasions
birds were flushed from hollow trees, the hollows often
containing great numbers of pellets or rejects, one hollow
stump having over a bushel of pellets in it.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 5. 3 330 mm. 964 mm.
October 13 ... Q 330 mm. 958 mm.
October 4 3 317 mm. 977 mm.
451
Order PSITTACIFORMES.
Family CACATOIDAE.
LOPHOCHROA LEADBEATERI, Vigors (Pink Cockatoo).
Was observed once at Innamincka, where a pair was
breeding.
Ducoresius GyMNopPis, Sclater (Bare-eyed Cockatoo).
These birds had congregated in thousands along the
Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks, where they were in full nesting
operations. They were in company with Holophus roseicapillus,
which they apparently dominated, for they took possession
of the highest nesting places. They kept up a discordant
screeching from daybreak till dark; they were continually
_ flying backwards and forwards from their feeding ground in
the sandhills and out upon the flats to their nesting sites in
the timber along the creek. Upon investigating it was found
that their principal food consisted of the seed of the Bladder
Saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria). While travelling up the
Strzelecki in September, from two to four eggs were found in
the nests, while in the middle of October, while descending
the Cooper, large young were found in all nests examined.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 15 fe) 381 mm. 818 mm.
September 15 3 394 mm. 838 mm.
September 25 Q 373 mm. 818 mm.
EOLOPHUS ROSEICAPILLUS, Vieillot (Rose-breasted Cockatoo).
These cockatoos were even more numerous than the
preceding species, and had collected on all timbers near creeks
or other waters to nest; there being so many birds they had
to make shift with any nesting places—from the topmost
hollow branch to near the surface of the ground. Four eggs
seemed to be the usual clutch, laid upon the bare wood.
This is a much quieter bird in comparison with the
preceding species, and its note is not nearly so harsh and
grating. It was a wonderful sight to see several hundreds of
these beautiful birds alight upon a dead tree. Their food
seemed to be the same as that of the bare-eyed bird.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 10 ... 3 355 mm. 812 mm.
October 10 ... fe) 330 mm. 756 mm.
LEPTOLOPHUS AURICOMIS, Swainson (Cockatoo Parrot).
This bird was only seen once or twice. A specimen was
taken on the Strzelecki at Caraweena.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 — ol? mm. 495 mm.
P2
452
BARNARDIUS BARNARDI WHITEI, Mathews
(South Australian Mallee Parrot).
These parrots were met with in parties of five or six on
the extreme north end of the Flinders Range. Their habits
are similar to all other members of the genus. As soon as
the low ranges were left these birds were not again seen. Their
range extends from Port Augusta in the south to a little
north of Mount Lyndhurst. Specimens taken during this
expedition agree with those from several other localities in
the Flinders Range.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 14 3 355 mm. 521 mm.
September 14 d 361 mm. 508 mm.
September 14 3 355 mm. 495 mm.
September 14 Q 343 mm. 445 mm.
PSEPHOTUS HAEMATONOTUS, Gould (Red-backed Parrot).
These birds were observed once only, near to Innamincka.
NORTHIELLA HAEMATOGASTER PALLESCENS, Salvadori
(Pale Yellow-vented Parrot).
These beautiful Parrots were fairly numerous in the
mulga scrubs near waters. Many fully-fledged young were
accompanying the old birds. They are rather swift of flight.
Food consists mostly of grass seeds, mulga and other acacia
seeds. The call is feeble and not long sustained, generally
uttered when on the wing.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 19 3 228 mm. 381 mm.
October 10 ... a 253 mm. 394 mm.
October 10 ... a 259 mm. 368 mm.
October 10 ... Q 250 mm. 373 mm.
MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS, Shaw and Nodder
(Shell Parrot, Budgerigar, Love Bird).
These beautiful little birds had congregated in thousands
in many places to nest, and every hollow branch had its
nesting pair. Their soft chattering note was kept up the
livelong day. A dozen or more birds would be seen
clustered along a bough, loving and preening one another.
Their bright green and yellow feathers, spotted with blue,
made a charming picture.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 Q 178 mm. 271 mm.
September 22 3 184 mm. 281 mm,
September 22 Q 175 mm. 278 mm.
September 25 3 196 mm. 286 mm.
October 7 3 172 mm. 253 mm.
fy
et
453
Order CORACIITFORMES.
Family PODARGIDAE.
Popareus stRicorpEsS, Latham (Tawny Frogmouth).
One bird of very light colouration and small dimensions
was taken.
| Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 26 3 381 mm. 736 mm.
AEGOTHELES CRISTATA, White” (Owlet Nightjar).
These birds were met with in many places during the
expedition, being often flushed from the hollow limbs in the
box trees. From specimens which came under observation it
would lead one to suppose that there are two forms inhabiting
the Cooper Creek region. One answering well to our coastal
form, with dark markings; the other, in which the markings
have almost disappeared, and the whole plumage of a very
rufous colouration.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 3... Q 216 mm. 406 mm.
October 4 __... Q 206 mm. 406 mm.
October 6... 3 216 mm. 394 mm.
Family ALCEDINIDAE.
CYANALCYON PYRRHOPYGIUS, Gould (Red-backed Kingfisher).
This is a real desert bird, and is often found very far
from water. Its call is a strange one, loud and harsh, once
heard can never be mistaken. Like other members of the
genus it is fond of perching on the top of a dead tree or
branch, from. which it watches for grasshoppers and other
insects. It will capture food upon the wing as well as
upon the ground. The birds which came under notice from
this district showed little if any variation from specimens
taken in more central parts of Australia. The first specimen
to come under observation was taken on September 18:—
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 18 3 235 mm. 361 mm.
October 3... Q 219 mm. 361 mm.
October 4... Q 216 mm. 266 mm.
——.
(1) Dr. Shaw made the zoological determinations published in
Bee dite s Journal, Voy. N.S. Wales, 1790.’’—E. R. W.
454
Family MEROPIDAE.
CoSMAEROPS ORNATUS, Latham (Australian Bee-eater).
These lovely birds were seen once or twice, but were not
numerous. Total length. Expanse of wings.
Oeteper (Bs s).2.. Q 240 mm. 355 mn.
October 3... 3 216 mm. (2) 355 mm. (P)
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE.
EUROSTOPODUS MYSTACALIS, Temminck
(White-throated Nightjar). |
The unmistakable call of this bird was heard upon several
occasions during the night-time. No specimens were taken.
Order COCCYGES.
Family CUCULIDAE.
HETEROSCENES PALLIDUS, Latham (Pallid Cuckoo).
Several birds seen and heard, but no specimens taken.
NEOCHALCITES BASALIS, Horsfield
(Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo).
Two or three came under notice, but no specimens having
been taken, it is impossible to say to which sub-species they
belonged.
Order PASSERIFORMES.
Family HIRUNDINIDAE.
HIRUNDO NEOXENA, Gould (Welcome Swallow).
Observed near human habitations.
CHERAMOECA LEUCOSTERNUM STONEI, Mathews
(Eastern White and Black Swallow). _
These birds were fairly numerous in many parts of the
country, and their nesting tunnels in the sides of sand banks
were often met with. During October they contained large
young ones.
Total length. ‘ Expanse of wings.
October 5... d 108 mm. 217 mm.
October 5... Q 102 mm. 208 mm.
HYLOCHELIDON NIGRICANS CALEYI, Mathews (Tree Martin).
These birds were in thousands in some localities. They
clustered on the dead lmbs of box trees till they were
(2)278 mm. to end of longest tail feathers.
455
crowded out; then they would fly off with one impulse in a
cloud to again assemble as before. In one or two places they
were nesting in the hollow spouts of the box trees.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 6... 3 127 mm. 286 mm.
| LAGENOPLASTES ARIEL, Gould (Fairy Martin).
Upon more than one occasion these birds were found
nesting on the underside of leaning box trees, on the banks
of the Cooper. At Mungeranie great numbers of the strange
retort-shaped nests were clustered under the verandah of the
police station.
October 4... fe) 127 mm. 256 mm.
Family MUSCICAPIDAE.
MICROECA FASCINANS, sub sp.(?) (Brown Flycatcher).
This bird is of exceptionally light colouration. I can-
not say if it is . f. pallida, De Vis, not having seen
that bird. Have compared it with skins from the Northern
Territory but found it a much paler bird. Should it not be
M. f. pallida, would suggest the specific name of barcoo.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 30 3 140 mm. 262 mm.
September 30 Q _ 140 mm. 259 mm.
October 3... a 140 mm. 269 mm.(?)
WHITEORNIS GOODENOVII, Vigors and Horsfield
(Southern Red-capped Robin).
One or two examples came under notice during the early
part of our journey.
PACHYCEPHALA. sp.(?) (Thickhead).
The unmistakable note of a bird of this genus was heard
several times, but in spite of all efforts no specimen could be
secured.
RHIPIDURA FLABELLIFERA WHITEI, Mathews
(South Australian Fantail).
One bird taken on the Cooper below Cuttapirie Corner.
LEUCOCIRCA TRICOLOR, Vieillot (Black and White Fantail).
This very familiar bird was met with not only around
stations, but hundreds of miles from any habitation. Only
a pair or a single bird seen in any one locality.
456
Family CAMPOPHAGIDAE.
CoRACINA NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE MELANOPS, Latham.
Seen in several localities.
LALAGE TRICOLOR, Swainson
(White-shouldered Caterpillar-eater).
These birds were very plentiful all through the country ;
many in full breeding plumage, and seemed to be on the
move in a southerly direction.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 16 J 183 mm. 310 mm.
September 22 3 173 mm. 310 mm.
September 22 3 191 mm. 286 mm.
October 7 3 177 mm. 304 mm.
— Q 191 mm. 304 mm.
October 19 . 3 177 mm. 298 mm.
Family TIMELIIDAE.
SAMUELA CINNAMOMEA, Gould (Cinnamon Ground Bird).
These birds were not nearly so plentiful as met with
during my former trips into more central districts. They
show a great preference for stony country, and [ have never
met with them in the sandhills... Fully-fledged young were in
company with the parent birds.
“Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 Q 220 mm. 343 mm.
September 25 Q 217 ‘mm. 281 mm.
September 26 ee 215 mm. 278 mm.
October 16 ... fe) 202 mm. 278 mm.
POMATOSTOMUS RUFICEPS, Hartlaub
(Chestnut-crowned Babbler).
These birds were fairly plentiful along the Strzelecki
Creek, moving about in small parties of four or five up to a
dozen. Their favourite haunts were the thick hgnum bushes,
growing on flooded ground. It was very difficult to flush them
from their bushes, for they would hop about in the middle
of the bush, uttering their scolding notes, and all at once
dart off from the other side, and by the time one rushed round
the flock would be just seen entering another bush, to go
through the same performance. Many fully-fledged young
accompanied the adult birds.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 20 Q 215 mm. 330 mm.
September 22 Bye 220 mm. 278 mm.
September 23 3 202 mm. 278 mm.
457
MoRGANORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS, Vigors and Horsfield
(White-browed Babbler).
These birds were found over the driest part of the
country.
CALOMANTHUS CAMPESTRIS ISABELLINUS, North (Desert Wren).
We only met with this species during the early part of
the journey, and after a few days lost sight of them.
Specimens taken agree with those from further north.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 Q Pi mm, 174 mm.
CINCLORHAMPHUS CRURALIS CANTATORIS, Gould
(Southern Brown Song-Lark).
Many birds were seen, but they were very silent. This
was no doubt owing to the nesting season being over. The
‘specimens taken seem to be consistently smaller in comparison
with the birds nearer the coast.
PTENOEDUS MATHEWSI VIGORSI, Mathews
(Eastern Rufous Song-Lark).
These birds were very numerous along the Strzelecki and
Cooper Creek, and when the herbage and marshmallows
_were green they were often flushed, and as they flew poured
forth their pleasing song. Many fully-fledged young were
seen. 7
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 rs 202 mm. 304 mm.
September 23 Q 165 mm. 245 mm.
Family TURDIDAE.
PAREPTHIANURA TRICOLOR, Gould (Tricoloured Chat).
These beautiful birds were met with all along the
Strzelecki Creek, and many were nesting in the low herbage.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 15 3 117 mm. 202 mm.
September 15 3 115 mm. 208 mm.
September 22 3 124 mm. 215 mm.
September 22 3 120 mm. 202 mm.
September 24 fe) 120 mm. 205 mm.
AUREPTHIANURA AURIFRONS, Gould (Orange-fronted Chat).
These birds were found with the preceding species in
great numbers from Farina to Cooper Creek, after which
they were much more numerous than the tricoloured species.
”~
458
They were found nesting in numbers. The nest is seldom
placed far from the ground—as a rule, not more than 18
inches or 2 feet, and very often in the centre of a low bush,
with the bottom of the nest resting on the ground. The usual
clutch of eggs seems to be three, but four are often seen.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 3 120 mm. 202 mm.
September 13 3 120 mm. 202 mm.
September 26 a 115 mm. 199 mm.
October 19 ... . 117 mm. 202 mm.
ASHBYIA LOVENSIS, Ashby (Desert Chat).
This bird seems to have been breeding over the whole of
the tableland country between Farina and Innamincka, and
to the north of Hergott Springs. This gives the species a
much more extended range, for I met with it in 1914 (vide
Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., vol. xxxix., 1915). Several
fully-fledged young were taken, and the parent birds did
their best to draw the attention of the collector by feigning
being disabled with broken wing, etc. The nest and eggs of
this bird were discovered on the expedition’s return journey,
and have been described (“Emu,” vol. xvi., pp. 165-7).
The Desert. Chat is a stony-desert bird, and not once have I
met with it on any other class of country, and to call them
bush chats is a misnomer, for they do not inhabit a country
which produces bush, but are only found on the gibber or stony
tablelands. Their backs have a ruddy-brown tinge, which
harmonizes so well with gibbers that it is difficult to pick the
birds out without they move, or turn their yellow breasts
towards you. They will run along for a few yards, pause, and
maybe hop on to a stone, bobbing their tails up and down
after the manner of a pipit. The young take on the bright
yellow upon the breast from the nest, but the head and back
have a much more ruddy colouration. This is more likely to
protect them during their youthful state from birds of prey
flying overhead. They seldom utter a sound. When they
take to the wing they fly rapidly, straight; and to some
distance, then run rapidly on amongst the stones. Upon one
occasion, when parent birds were trying their best to draw
my attention away from their young, they uttered a plaintive
little call as if in distress.
Total length. ese of wings.
September 17 ? 80 mm. 236 mm.
September 17 3 130 mm. 240 mm.
October 16 ... d 127 mm. 233 mm.
October 16 ... Q 156 mm. 242 mm.
October 19 .. ¢d Gmm.) 140 mm. 200 mm.
Caer Cee ee ee
7 i
oon | a
ed a
459
Family SILVIIDAE.
ACANTHIZA IREDALEI MORGANI, Mathews
(Southern Thin-billed Tit).
During the early part of the journey a small party of
these birds was met with, moving about in a very sprightly
manner amongst the low bushes in a dry. water-course,
searching stem and leaf for insect food. They were not
again seen.
PYRRHOLAEMUS BRUNNEUS, Gould (Redthroat).
I have not visited any part of the interior where this
bird is not to be found. They were not plentiful in the
country we passed through, but at times their sweet song
enlivened the wilderness, for it was often poured forth in the
mornings and evenings from the top of a bush or dry twig.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 13 3 150 mm. 186 mm.
HaLLoRNIS cyanotus, Gould (White-winged Wren).
This was a very common bird throughout the saltbush
country. Like some of the Maluri the male is very conscious
of his bright plumage, and will keep out of sight as much
as possible, while the brown females and immature males hop
round in full view, the full-plumaged males having slipped
away close to the ground, and they are next seen flying
to cover some distance off. This will be repeated many times
if the birds be followed up.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 3 136 mm. 150 mm.
September 14° ob 130 mm. 140 mm.
September 26 3 130 mm. 150 mm.
October 4 d 130 mm. 152 mm.
October 9 3 127 mm. 152 mm.
October 9 d 127 mm. 152 mm.
October 9 Q 130 mm. 152 mm.
LEGGEORNIS LAMBERTI ASSIMILIS, North
(Purple-backed Wren).
Only twice were these birds met with, and each time a
small party was seen in Old Man Saltbush (Atriplex
nummularia). Upon comparison with birds nearer the coast
little or no variation can be found.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
‘September 17 d ie mm, 142 mm.
October 10 ... a 124 mm. 152 mm.
460
Family ARTAMIDAE.
, ARTAMUS LEUCORHYNCHUS LEUCOPYGIALIS, Gould
(White-rumped Wood-Swallow).
These birds were met with along the flooded area of the
Cooper, and there is little doubt they were nesting there at
the time of our visit. Upon one occasion a bird was seen
to come from an old mud nest of Grallina cyanoleuca,
Latham.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 3 - 174 mm. 368 mm.
September 30 J 174 mm. 368 mm.
CAMPBELLORNIS. PERSONATUS MUNNA, Mathews
(Masked Wood-Swallow).
While travelling up the Strzelecki Creek a very large
flock of these birds was seen. They were evidently migrating
prior to nesting.
Total length. Expanse of wings..
September 24 3 224 mm. 343 mm.
September 24 d 205 mm. 343 mm..
September 24 d 202 mm. 361 mm.
September 24 3 205 mm. 355 mm.
September 24 Q 200 mm. 361 mm..
CAMPBELLORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS, Gould
(White-browed Wood-Swallow).
A few birds were in company of the above species.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 24 3 205 mm. 343 mm.
AUSTRARTAMUS MELANOPS, Gould (Black-faced Wood-Swallow).
Plo Yexrs ss oe
After leaving Farina specimens were taken in the type |
locality, for my father, the late Samuel White, collected the:
type at Saint A’Becket Pool, a little south of Farina, on
August 23, 1863. It was described by Gould in Proceedings:
Zool. Soc., 1865. He also gave a beautiful illustration
of this bird in his folio work. We met with these birds all
through the country. They were nesting in many places.
The nest was placed in a mulga tree as a rule, and composed
mostly of a small flowering plant, Gnephosis eriocarpa, the:
flower-heads and stems being intertwined in a most artistic
fashion, and lined with brown rootlets, the usual clutch of
egos being three. When approaching the nest the birds:
would fly overhead and swoop down at times, snapping their
461
mandibles together with much force.
September 12 _ Q 183 mm. 355 mm.
September 15 3 177 mm. 352 mm.
September 18 d 186 mm. 343 mm.
September 20 d 190 mm. 369 mm.
September 24 d 177 mm. 345 mm.
October 4 Q 177 mm. 352 mm.
Total length.
Expanse of wings.
Family PRIONOPIDAE.
COLLURICINCLA, sp. (%).
A bird was heard calling on the opposite side of the
Cooper to which we were encamped at Cuttapirie Corner.
No specimens being taken, it was impossible to say to which
species it belonged.
GRALLINA CYANOLEUCA, Latham (Magpie Lark).
These birds were often met with along the Cooper, and
their mud nests seen on the branches of gum trees over-
hanging the water.
Family LANIIDAE.
GYMNORHINA TIBICEN, Latham (Black-backed Magpie).
These birds were more numerous than G. hypoleuca, and
were found all through the country. The two species were
not seen together. Found nesting in October: one nest
constructed of fine sticks and neatly lined with brown fibrous
rootlets. The eggs, as well as those of the white-backed
species, vary very much in colouration.
GYMNORHINA HYPOLEUCA LEUCONOTA, Gould
| (White-backed Magpie).
These birds were observed in twos and threes until the
Strzelecki Creek was reached; then they disappeared.
OREOICA CRISTATA CLELANDI, Mathews
(Southern Crested Bell-Bird).
I was much surprised not to find these birds more
numerous, for much of the country travelled through is
similar to that found farther north, where I have met with
these birds in great numbers. Once or twice their strange
call was heard and a few birds seen.
Total length.
a 220 mm.
Expanse of wings.
September 24 343 mm.
462
Family PARIDAE.
APHELOCEPHALA LEUCOPSIS, Gould (Whiteface).
These birds were scattered all over the country visited.
Specimens taken agree with the more southern form, and do
not show any signs of the rufous flanks of A. 1. whitei and
are darker on the upper-surface than the last-mentioned bird.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 20 a 120 mm. 190 mm.
September 20 3 120 mm. 190 mm.
September 22 Q 11. am: 183 mm.
APHELOCEPHALA NIGRICINCTA, North
(Black-banded Whiteface).
The meeting with this bird has extended its known range
considerably. The type locality was Missionary Plains,
MacDonnell Ranges. In 1914 I recorded this bird as far
south as Oodnadatta, but this latest record shows they occur
several hundreds of miles further south. The species was met
with in small parties in the sandhill country, and from the
Strzelecki Creek, in the same class of country, and from the
Cooper. Upon comparing the skins taken with those from
further north, no difference can be seen. |
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 25 Q 102 mm. 177 mm.
October 15 ... Q 115 mm. 161 mm.
SPHENOSTOMA CRISTATUM PALLIDUM, Mathews
(Pale Wedgebill).
These strange birds were not plentiful, and were very shy.
Generally met with in the dense bushes of lignum (Wuehlen-
heckia Cunmnghamu), growing in dry watercourses and on
flooded ground. They kept very close to cover, and when
beaten out showed great cleverness in reaching cover again
without giving a chance of a shot. They possess a very sweet
song, and if they think they are not observed, will go through
all kinds of antics, hopping from one twig to another, hanging
with head downwards, bobbing the head up and down, raising
and lowering the crest, and all the time giving forth strange
notes. The birds taken were remarkably pale in colouration,
and differ much from those found nearer the coast.
- Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 22 3 208 mm. 256 mm.
September 27 Q 195 mm. 253 mm.
September 27 3 215 mm. 253 mm.
si —(imm.) 195 mm. 245 mm.
463
Family CERTHIIDAE.
CLIMACTERIS WaITEI, S. A. White (“Emu,” xvi., 1917, p. 168)
(Cooper Creek Tree-Creeper).
This new bird was met with in the vicinity of “Burke’s
Tree,’ and the type specimen was procured within a few
yards of that historic tree. They were found to extend down
the Cooper as far as the flood-waters had reached, but as soon
as the water disappeared so did these birds. In habits they
resemble other members of the genus. They were moving
about in small parties, hopping up the stems of the box
trees, peering into every crevice and hole in search of insect
life. Many full-fledged young were accompanying the parent
birds. Their advanced plumage suggested that the birds had
nested early in the season, most likely in June or July.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 30 Q 155 mm. 266 mm.
October 2... Q 170 mm. 275 mm.
October 2... 3 165 mm. 284 mm.
Family DICAEIDAE.
AUSTRODICAEUM HIRUNDINACEUM, Shaw and Nodder
(Mistletoe Bird).
The unmistakable call of this strange bird was heard
several times. and it was once seen when the berries of the
Loranthus had ripened.
PARDALOTUS RUBRICATUS, Gould (Red-browed Pardalote).
These birds were not met with until we were well down
the Cooper, and then they were found in the box trees
growing on flooded ground. The specimens taken showed much
more brown on the rump in comparison with specimens taken
further north.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October5 ... Q 102 mm. 202 mm.
October 10 ... d 117 mm. 202 mm.
This bird has a note very distinctive from other members
of the genus.
PARDOLOTINUS STRIATUS SUBAFFINIS, Mathews
(South Australian Pardalote).
These birds were met with soon after leaving Mount
Lyndhurst, but their place was taken later on by the
464
preceding species. Specimens taken show a very close
resemblance to birds collected in the Gawler Ranges.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 14 3 115 mm. 202 mm.
Sieptember 15 3 108 mm. 190 mm.
Family MELIPHAGIDAE.,
CeERTHIONYX VARIEGATUS, Lesson (Pied Honey-eater).
Pl, xxxi, fio 2
These honey-eaters were met with in the sandy country
along the Strzelecki Creek. They were breeding at the time
we were there. The nest is neatly constructed of dry grasses
and rootlets, suspended in the overhanging foliage of acacia
trees. The general clutch is three eggs. Each egg is covered
with small brown spots on a light ground. The birds are most
conspicuous owing to their erratic flight—they twist and turn,
shoot upwards, then down, will often turn sharp round and
return to where they started from. Wherever the Hremophila
bushes were in flower these birds were sure to be found.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 18 3 180 mm. 269 mm.
September 18 Q 180 mm. 269 mm.
September 24 3 174 mm. 253 mm.
MELIPHAGA sonoRA, Gould (Southern Singing Honey-eater).
They were met with several times during the expedition,
but nowhere common.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 3 195 mm. 278 mm.
PTILOTULA PENICILLATA LEILAVALENSIS, North
(Cloncurry White-plumed Honey-eater).
These birds were met with from Farina to Innamincka,
and almost throughout the return journey. Innamincka
being the nearest point to Cloncurry, the type locality from
which I have taken specimens, it can be understood that one
would expect these birds to be very light in colouration. Upon
comparison it is found that the Central Australian birds are
of a much lighter tone all over than those taken upon this
trip.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 13 — 174 mm. 267 mm.
September 23 3 170 mm. 240 mm.
September 25 Q 155 mm. 240 mm.
October 2... 3 170 mm. 262, mm.
October 18 ... d 174 mm. 259 mm.
465
MyZANTHA FLAVIGULA, Gould (Yellow-throated Muinah).
This bird has a great range, being found all over the
central districts. During the expedition they were found
_ wherever there was water, moving about in small parties
| from three to a dozen, calling loudly. They are very
| pugnacious birds, and not only fight with their own kind, but
attack all other birds, regardless of size.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
October 10 ... 3d 253 mm. 381 mm.
ACANTHOGENYS RUFOGULARIS CYGNUS, Mathews
(Southern Spiny-cheeked Honey-eater).
Nearly always found in the flowering Hremophila bushes,
and attract attention ‘by their strange guttural notes.
Family MOTACILLIDAE.
ANTHUS AUSTRALIS, Vieillot: (Australian Pipit).
These birds were seen all through the country visited.
They varied much in colouration from a warm brown to dark
birds, resembling those found near the coast.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 12 3 180 mm. 278 mm.
September 12 — 174 mm. 250 mm.
September 13 Q 155 mm. 266 mm.
Family PLOCEIDAE.
TAENIOPYGIA CASTANOTIS, Gould (Chestnut-eared Finch).
No bird has a wider range over the interior of Australia
or 18 more numerous than this one. Specimens show no
variation in colour. A nest containing six eggs was found
near Mungeranie on October 14.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 15 3 115 mm. 174 mm.
October 4... Q 108 mm. 177 mm.
October 4... 3 108 mm. 186 mm.
Family CORVIDAE.
CORVUS CORONOIDES PERPLEXUS, Mathews (Southern Raven).
Seen all through the country traversed by the expedition.
They were not plentiful away from the stations. Found
nesting throughout the months of September and October ;
large young fresh eggs seen during those months.
Total length. Expanse of wings.
September 14 3 457 mm. 877 mm.
466
(1) STOMACH CONTENTS OF BIRDS.
By ArtHur M. Lea, F.E.S., Museum Entomologist.
[Contribution from the South Australian Museum.|
Many stomach were preserved, but unfortunately only
about half of them were labelled; the others had the labels
either detached or obliterated by the violent jolting to which
all camel-borne material is subjected. For the identification
of the seed contents we have to thank Mr. H. W. Andrew.
The mammalian remains were identified by Mr. E. R. Waite,
and the reptilian remains by Mr. F. R. Zietz.
In the following list only the technical names of the birds
are given; they are in the same sequence as in the preceding
paper (h)-—
Austroturma v. velox.—Small caterpillar; three thin
reddish-yellow seeds and some vegetable matter; fine grit.
Peltohyas australis.—(1) Head of small water beetle ;
many minute fragments of insects, mostly of minute weevils;
some small grit. (2) As in first stomach, except that there
were no remains of a water beetle. (3) Fragments of weevils,
as in two first stomachs; minute water beetle (Bidessus
bistrigatus); small grit. (4) Two caterpillars; small weevil
(Elaeagna squamibunda); a few other fragments of minute
insects ; vegetable matter (probably small galls) ; small pebble
grit. (5) Numerous bits of scorpion; fine pebble grit. (6)
Numerous caterpillars of several sorts; heads, etc., of
ichneumon wasps; some very fine grit.
Myola pacifica.—Abdomen distended with a fresh water
crustacean (A pus australiensis); many water beetles (Hretes
australis) and bits of others; bits of ground beetle (Phorti-
cosomus grandis).
Milvus korschun affinis.—(1) Bits of lizard (Amphibo-
lurus or Tympanocryptus); numerous heads and other frag-
ments of ants. (2) Bits of two kinds of lizards (Lygosoma
lesueurti, and as in first stomach); several small feathers ;
numerous large caterpillars and several small ones; bits of
green beetle (Calosoma schayeri); bits of weevil (Leptops).
Hieracoglaux connivens.—Bones and stomach of small
bird ; bits of small lizard (A mphibolurus or Tympanocryptus ).
Tyto alba delicatula.—Two small mammals (Sminthopsis
crassicaudata ).
467
Barnardius barnardi whitei.—Large caterpillar and a
small one; bits of large grasshopper (Choryphistes); bits of
small insects; fine grit.
Northiella haematogaster pallescens.—(Crop) Vegetable
matter, numerous pear-shaped seeds of Hnchylaena tomentosa;
bits of charcoal. (Stomach) Vegetable matter and seeds as
in crop; bits of charcoal.
Podargus strigoides.—Several thin feathers; animal
matter; bits of night-flying moths; forceps of earwig; head
of soldier of small. ant (Pheidole); head of stink beetle
(Tenebriomdae); bits of large spider; worm(?); numerous
. flat yellow seeds; very fine grit.
Lalage tricolor.— Three heads and other fragments of
small crickets; leg of small beetle; many other fragments of
insects.
Samuela cinnamomea.—(1) Numerous thin red seeds;
small yellow seed: granulated seeds of a saltbush (Cheno-
podiaceae); fine grit. (2) Head of small weevil (Leptops)
and bits of others; many other fragments of insects: vege-
table matter; angular black seed (Rhagodia); some broken
seeds. (3) Head of March fly; young grasshopner; several
small spiders and bits of others, some worm-like objects;
vegetable matter; numerous seeds of a saltbush, as in first
stomach ; undetermined seed; small pebble grit.
Pomatostomus ruficeps.—(1) Abdomen distended with
numerous caterpillars of several sorts. (2) Several large
caterpillars; bits of cockroach (Hpilampra). (3) Numerous
caterpillars; head of ground beetle (Phorticosomus grandis) ;
pebble grit.
Parepthianura_ tricolor.—(1) Numerous fragments of
small moths. (2) Many minute caterpillars; head of grass
bug; numerous fragments of jassid bugs; heads, etc., of
chinch bugs (NVysius vinitor); many other minute fragments
of insects. (3) Numerous small caterpillars; small] grass
bugs; fragments of minute chinch bugs; many other frag-
ments of minute insects. (4) Head of small moth: small
psyllid bug; chinch bug (Nyseus vinitor) and bits of many
others; many other fragments of very minute insects.
Hallorms cyanotus.—Bits of smal] bees; many other very
minute fragments of insects, mostly of ants.
Leqggeornis lamberti assimilis.—Many small _ weevils
(Poly phrades); small weevil (Bagous); small flower beetle
(Formicomus quadrimaculatus); many other fragments of
insects. |
468
Artamus leucorhynchus leucopygialis.—Large dragon fly ;
water-boatman bug; heads, etc., of green-head ant (EKcta-
tomma metallicum); many other fragments of insects.
Campbellornis personatus munna.—(1) Stomach dis-
tended with bits of flying white ants; bits of green-head ant
(Eetatomma metallicum). (2) Abdomen similarly distended
with flying white ants; numerous heads of soldiers of small
ants (Pheidole); bits of green-head ant. (3) Abdomen simi-
larly distended with flying white ants; numerous heads of
soldiers of small ants (Pheidole), and bits of other small
ants.“) (4) Three small caterpillars; bits of psyllid scales;
bits of small ants; many other fragments of insects.
Austrartamus melanops.—(1) Leg of small weevil; a few
other fragments of insects; numerous small black seeds of a
saltbush (Rhagodia) and some slightly larger undetermined
seeds; fine grit. (2) Vegetable matter; same kinds of seeds
as in first stomach; fine charcoal and grit. (3) Small moth;
head of small weevil; many other fragments of insects. (4)
Bits of several grasshoppers. (5) Robber fly (A silidae) ; small
winged grasshopper. |
A phelocephala leucopsis.—Several small caterpillars ; bits
of spiders and fragments of minute insects; vegetable matter ;
seven saltbush seeds (Chenopodiaceae); fine grit.
Aphelocephala nigricincta.—Head, etc., of ichneumon
wasp; bits of small weevils (Polyphrades or Hssolithna) ;
many other fragments of insects.
Sphenostoma cristatum pallidum.—(1) Small caterpillar ;
a few bits of weevils; seven thin reddish seeds; three
periwinkle-like seeds of Hnchylaena tomentosa; many small
angular seeds of a saltbush (Chenopodiaceae) ; much fine grit.
(2) A few bits of insects and spiders; vegetable matter ;
numerous brown ribbed seeds (Polygonaceae); two small salt-
bush seeds (Ihagodia), and seed of another species of
Rhagodia; some fine grit. (3) Vegetable matter; numerous
undetermined seeds of one kind; scraps of charcoal and fine
grit. (4) Several kinds of seeds, including those of a saltbush
(Rhagodia); fine grit. (5) Leg of a small weevil; a few
bits of heteropterous insects; vegetable matter; one seed
(Polygonaceae); numerous undetermined seeds of another
kind ; fine grit.
Pardalotus rubricatus.—Remarkable head of hymenop-
terous insect; head of small bee; minute spider and bits of
many others; many other fragments of insects; worm-like
469
()) LACERTILIA.
By ff. Ro Zietz.
[Contribution from the South Australian Museum.]
The collection comprises thirteen species, all of which
have a wide distribution and are usually met with in the
arid interior. Some species vary very considerably both in
colour and markings, such colour variations being clearly
an adaptation to environment. Specimens of Tympanocryptis
lineata, for example, taken on the red gibber country,
resemble the colour of the rocks and stones so closely that
members of the Expedition found difficulty in locating the
lizards until they moved. Those obtained on other ground
were likewise tinted according to their surroundings. The
specimen of Hyerma whitw is also reddish-brown above, which
colour harmonizes with the red sand country where it was
found. Field notes made by Mr. Waite are appended within
brackets to the species in respect to which they refer.
GECKONIDAE.
HETERONOTA BYNOEI, Gray.
The larger of two specimens from Killalpaninna,
apparently a male, having four praeanal pores, is very pale
in colour. The upper-surface of the head is creamy-white,
the body and limbs of a similar ground-colour, covered with
minute brown spots, which give rise to faint markings where
they are more numerous and denser. A brown band extends
across the shoulders, and faint irregular markings are scat-
tered over the sides of the head and the upper-surface of
the body and limbs.
In the smaller specimen from the same locality the prae-
anal pores are absent, and like the remainder has alternate
whitish and dark-brown transverse bands on the upper-surface
of the body and tail.
In all the five specimens collected, the tubercles on the
upper-surface are arranged in regular longitudinal rows.
GEHYRA VARIEGATA, D. and B.
The fourteen specimens collected are all of a grey ground-
colour with dark and light markings. Some have irregular
narrow blackish transverse bands, margined posteriorly with
a white line or row of white dots. One specimen from Cooper
470
Creek has five to six interrupted black longitudinal lines
extending from the snout to the base of the tail.
PYGOPODIDAE.
LIALIS BURTONII, Gray.
Only one specimen of this species was collected ; it agrees
well with variety Ea of Boulenger.
AGAMIDAE.
AMPHIBOLURUS RETICULATUS, Gray.
The only specimen collected is immature and with an
incomplete tail. It has sixteen femoral pores, and agrees in
every other respect with the type.
AMPHIBOLURUS PICTUS, Peters.
A male and female were collected at the Strzelecki Creek,
near Innamincka. They are both in nuptial colouration, agree-
ing well with the description and coloured illustration by
Lucas and Frost.) The male has forty-two praeanal and
femoral pores.
AMPHIBOLURUS BARBATUS,. Cuvier.
One immature specimen was collected at Cooper Creek
It was found on light-coloured sandhill country, which
accounts for its pale colouration.
TYMPANOCRYPTIS LINEATA, Peters.
One of the fourteen specimens collected, agrees with
Peters’ type, the others have the majority of the head and
body scales smooth and only a few scattered and enlarged
occipital and dorsal scales strongly mucronate and spinose ;
the scales of the limbs and tail are strongly keeled. These
specimens are referable to 7. cephalus, Giinther. Most of
them are more or less reddish, which harmonizes with the
colour of the ground where they occur.
DIPOROPHORA AUSTRALIS, Steind.
An immature specimen was collected. The tail had been
torn off and one hindleg is missing. Apparently it had been
captured by a hawk. .
VARANIDAE.
VARANUS GOULDII, Gray. {
Four specimens were collected ; all are of typical structure
and markings.
—]—$—$—$———
4) Lucas and Frost: Rep. Horn Exped., ii., 1896, p. 129,
pl. x., fig. 10.
471
[This species was commonly met with in the sandhill
districts ; it tunnels not only in search of lizards, spiders, and
insects, but constructs burrows for its own protection. At
one place, where the sand was especially hard, I found that
a “goana’’ had contented itself with making a shallow excava-
_ tion in the side of a bank, in which it lay, its curved hard
tail drawn across the opening, doubtless as a barrier against
possible enemies. Though these reptiles are quick enough
when actually chased they are not readily alarmed, and.
impudently stand their ground. On one occasion I saw a
goana seated at the mouth of a rabbit burrow in an upright
position watching the passing of the camel team thirty yards
distant. Being mounted, and having only a ‘410 gun, I
signalled to one of the party afoot. Mistaking the object, he
fired at a stick 6 feet distant from the lizard, but it moved
never a muscle, notwithstanding the loud report from the
12 bore. It took me a couple of minutes to swing round and
get within range, when I shot it with the small] gun. |
SCINCIDAE.
EGERNIA WHITII, Lacép.
Only one specimen was collected near Tinga-tingana. It
is typical in structure, and agrees well with specimen “6” of
Lucas and Frost.) Scales in thirty-four rows around the
body. On examining the type and co-types of Hgerma
kintorez, S. and Z., I find that species to be identical with
this variety.
[Very common ‘on the sandhills on Strzelecki Creek. This
lizard makes a circular burrow, within 6 inches of the surface,
sometimes to a distance of 5 feet; the burrow terminates in
an enlarged chamber, wherein the lizard was found coiled
up. A second opening was sometimes connected with the
burrow. |
TRACHYSAURUS RUGOSUS, Gray.
Two specimens were collected. One is dark olive-brown
with six indistinct transverse yellow bands; they become
broader and brighter on the sides of the body, where they
bifurcate and form narrow transverse bands on the under-
surface.
The other specimen is very pale brown in colour, with
yellow markings as in the above. It has a large dark-brown
blotch on each scale of the two vertebral series, extending
from the shoulders to the base of the tail.
(2) Lucas and Frost: ante, p. 139.
(3) Stirling and A. Zietz: Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., xvi.,
teu, p. 171.
472
LYGOSOMA TAENIOLATA, Shaw.
Two specimens referable to this species were collected.
The one from Killalpaninna is identical with ZL. lesweurii,
D. and B.; the other, from near Innamincka, agrees with
L. strauchu, Blgr., excepting that the sixth and seventh
instead of the fourth and fifth upper labials are subocular.
On examining a large series of these lizards from various
localities, I agree with Lucas and Frost,( that they are
varieties of one species; but they should be subscribed to
L. taeniolata, Shaw, instead of L. lesweurit, Blgr.©)
ABLEPHARUS BOUTONII, Gray.
Two specimens were collected ; they agree in all respects
with the description of the type. One was obtained at
Cooper Creek, and the other on the Strzelecki Creek, near
Innamincka.
(k) PISCES.
By Autian R. McCuttocu, Zoologist, Australian Museum,
and
Epear R. Waite, F.L.S., Director, South Australian
Museum.
Family THERAPONIDAE.
THERAPON WELCHI, n. sp.
Pig tl:
D. xn.(?) 123°Al in. 95 Pe 163° V. 1.95 ee
nine rows of scales below the lateral line between its origin
and the hypural joint, and 67 above it; 10 scales between
the lateral line and the base of the median dorsal spines.
Cheek scales in six rows.
Depth 3°2 in the length to the hypural joint; head 3°6
in the same. Eye 5'7 in the head, and 1°7 in the snout,
which is 3°3 in the head. Interorbital width 4°07 in the head.
Fifth dorsal spine 2°1, second anal spine 2°0, pectoral 15, and
ventral 1°5 in the head.
Body rather long, compressed, the upper and lower pro-
files almost evenly arched. Snout pointed, the profile from
(4) Lucas and Frost: ante, p. 1138.
(5)Shaw: White’s Journ. N.S. Wales, 1790, p. 245, pl. xxxu.,
fig. 1.
(6)Dum. and Bibr.: Erpét. gén., v., 1839, p. 733.
a
473
its tip to the nape almost straight and thence slightly arched
to the dorsal fin. Interorbital space almost flat ; a few obtuse
bony ridges on the posterior part of the cranium. Upper
jaw slightly longer than the lower; maxillary reaching to
below the hinder nostril, its posterior margin obliquely trun-
cate and exposed. Kye rather small, much shorter than the
snout, which is a little longer than the interorbital width.
Nostrils separated by a space equal to their own diameter,
with free cutaneous margins. Preorbital bone denticulate
posteriorly. Preoperculum evenly denticulate, the denticles
largest on the rounded angle. Operculum with two spines,
the lower of which is the longer, and attains the margin of
the opercular lobe. Suprascapular and coracoid bones ex-
posed, and weakly denticulate.
Each jaw with a band of minute teeth, the outer ones
slightly enlarged, subcardiform, and slightly depressible.
Vomer and palatines toothless. Scales largest on the anterior
portion of the sides, smallest on the breast.
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Dorsal spines rather slender, the fifth longest, and the
following decreasing backward to the last. Second anal spine
much longer and stronger than the third, but shorter than
the anterior rays. Pectoral obtusely pointed above, the fifth
upper ray longest. Ventral inserted just before the vertical
of the first dorsal spine, and reaching about half its distance
from the vent. The caudal is much damaged, and the soft
portions of the dorsal and anal are so firmly adpressed that
their exact form cannot be satisfactorily determined. The
first dorsal spine also is lacking.
Colour.—Apparently olive-green above and silvery below,
the base of each scale with a small dark spot which combines
with its fellows to form indefinite rows along the scale series.
Fins without definite markings.
474
Described from a specimen 206 mm. long from the snout
to the hypural joint. It is allied to 7. bidyana, but is
readily distinguished from that species by its much larger
scales. The only other species with which it need be com-
pared is 7. hill, which, however, has 13 dorsal spines and
is less elongate.
Loc.—Cooper Creek, near Innamincka, October 3, 1916.
Caught with hook and line.
With this species I have associated the’ memory of my
old friend, Edwin J. Welch, who was second in command and
surveyor of the Burke and Wills relief party, under A. W.
Howitt, 1861 (see page 420 of this vol.)—E. R. W.
THERAPON BARCOO, 0. sp.
Fig. 2.
D. xii, 123° A, in. 8; Cl 17; PP. 165 Va
rows of scales below the lateral line between its origin and the
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3. Black; front tibiae, antennae (club excepted) and
palpi more or less reddish. Front of head, pronotum
(including disc) and elytra about base and near suture, with
erect, straggling hair, varying from dingy-whitish to dark-
brown; under-surface, hind parts 76 and legs with denser
and mostly whitish hair. 7 |
Head with crowded and more or less confluent punctures,
becoming sparser and larger on clypeus; sides and apex of
the latter rather strongly elevated, apex truncate, its sides
acute and produced. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax
with sides strongly rounded, hind angles rounded off, the
front ones acute; with numerous fairly large punctures,
mixed with smaller ones on disc, becoming crowded and more
uniform in size on sides. Hlytra with rather large punctures,
becoming smaller towards side and apex, geminate-striae
irregular. Hind parts with punctures much as on disc of
pronotum. Front tzbzae very obtusely tridentate; basal joint
of front tarsi narrow at base, inner edge then suddenly
dilated and keeled, front claws considerably thickened at
base, basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than second.
Length, 10 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Kalgoorlie. Type (unique),
I. 7834.
As the elytra are clothed beyond the base (although the
clothing there is not very dense) the species belongs to Group
1, and there it would be associated with ater, from the
description of which it differs in having the punctures of the
head not ‘‘minute,’’ prothorax shining, with numerous fairly
large punctures and the geminate-striae of the elytra feeble;
Blackburn, in commenting upon ater, considered it possibly a
variety of phoemcopterus; the type of this differs from the
male of phoenicopterus in having the clypeus truncate in
front, and less produced at the sides, larger punctures, sparser
clothing, black elytra, and very obtuse teeth to front tibiae.
(16) The propygidium and pygidium are the parts referred to
as hind parts.
532
LIPARETRUS INSIGNIS, Nn. sp.
Pil. xxxviul.j ieee
d. Black; antennae (club excepted) of a dull-red. Head,
pronotum (parts of disc excepted) under-surface, hind parts,
and legs with long, whitish hair.
Head with crowded and in places confluent punctures,
becoming larger and sparser on clypeus; sides of the latter
somewhat sinuous and lightly elevated, apex more elevated,
truncate or almost so, and feebly or not at all produced at
sides. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides strongly
rounded, hind angles rounded off, front ones produced and
acute; with numerous (but not crowded) rather small ‘punc-
tures, and with larger ones scattered about, sides with rather
dense punctures, surface finely shagreened. SHlytra with
fairly large punctures, becoming smaller and denser on sides
and apex; geminate-striae well-defined. Hind parts shagreened
and with numerous rather small punctures. Front tebiae
strongly tridentate; front tarsi with the basal joints keeled,
front claws thickened at base; two basal joints of hind tarsi
subequal. Length, 104-13 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Kumuinin (E. F. du Boulay),
Cue (H. W. Brown). Type, I. 7833.
The largest black species known to me; of the six
specimens (all males) under examination two have numerous
hairs on the elytra, on two they are sparse and two others
have the elytra glabrous (except for a few hairs at the base
and sides), but as the four latter specimens are evidently
abraded, the species should be referred to Group 1. At first
glance the specimens resemble the preceding species, but they
may be at once distinguished by the front tarsi, on that
species the basal joint is narrow at the base and then suddenly
dilates forward, with the keeled inner portion scarcely half
the length of the outer edge; on the present species the
inner edge is not suddenly dilated, is very little shorter than
the outer, and is more acutely keeled, the claws and the derm
and clothing of pronotum are also different; on all six
specimens the elytra are terminated by a short reddish
membranous fringe, of which there is not a trace (possibly
owing to abrasion) on the type of the preceding species. The
basal joint of the hind tarsi is about the length of the second
(certainly not longer), but from some directions it appears
to be slightly shorter. The clothing of the pronotum is not
confined to the margins, but the middle of the disc is glabrous.
If the elytra were regarded as glabrous, the species would be
referred to Group 2, all the previously described species of
which have reddish elytra.
533
Group 2.
LIPARETRUS SEMICASTANEUS, Nl. sp.
Pie sx ey are ST
3. Black; elytra, abdomen, legs, antennae, and palpi
reddish-castaneous. Clothed with long, reddish or stramineous
hair, but a narrow transverse portion of pronotum and elytra
(except on sides) glabrous.
Head with crowded punctures, more or less confluent,
becoming sparser and larger on clypeus; sides of the latter
conspicuously elevated and lightly bisinuate, front wide and
obtusely trilobed, scarcely produced at sides. Antennae nine-
jointed. Prdthorax with hind angles strongly rounded off,
front ones produced and acute; with rather small and not
very dense punctures, but becoming crowded on sides. Hiytra
with fairly large punctures, becoming smaller and more
crowded at the sides and posteriorly, geminate-striae well
defined. Front tebiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of
front tarsi not keeled, but spinose towards and at inner apex,
basal joint of hind tarsi somewhat shorter than second.
Length, 11 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Kuminin (E. F. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7837.
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with germari
and capilatus, from the former distinguished by the triden-
tate clypeus “”), and the abdomen entirely red (including the
hind parts); from the latter it is distinguished by its larger
size, paler abdomen, and different clypeus. The elytra are
terminated by a comparatively wide membranous fringe.
LIPARETRUS LEPIDOPYGUS, N. sp.
hit xxtoye he.) 119:
Black ; elytra (part of base infuscated or black), parts of
legs, antennae (club excepted), and palpi reddish-castaneous.
Clothed with long whitish hair, but most of disc of prothorax
and elytra (except at base and margins) glabrous, abdomen
with rather dense depressed whitish hairs or setae; hind parts
with white scales, closely applied to derm; and with numerous
long, white hairs.
Head with coarse, crowded, and confluent punctures,
becoming much sparser on front and sides of clypeus; sides
rather strongly elevated and obliquely decreasing to apex,
apex also strongly elevated and feebly emarginate. Antennae
nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly produced,
hind angles widely rounded off, front ones produced and acute,
(17) As viewed from behind, it is not strongly tridentate, as
in Macleay’s Sec. 1, Subsec. 2, but belongs to Subsec. 1.
534
with a conspicuous but rather shallow median line becoming ©
deeper at base; with punctures of moderate size, and rather
sparse about middle, but more numerous towards sides. Hlytra
rather more dilated posteriorly than usual; punctures of
moderate size and comparatively sparse; geminate-striae well-—
defined. Front tibiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind
tarsi much shorter than second. Length, 6-8 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Lake Austin (H. W. Brown).
Type, I. 7841.
The pronotum is conspicuously frilled on all its margins,
and on some specimens there are a few long hairs on the
middle of the disc; as the basal joint of the hind tarsi is
distinctly shorter than the second, the species should evidently
be referred to Group 2, but its small size and conspicuously
squamose hind parts cause it to look very out of place there ;
if not to Group 2, it might be referred to Group 3, and there
associated with angulatus, which has the clypeus of the male
much more angular, hind parts not squamose, etc. The
punctures of the hind parts are normally mostly concealed,
but appear to be fairly numerous; parts of the upper-surface
are rather brightly iridescent. The female is larger than the
male, with margins of clypeus less elevated, front more
rounded, and legs somewhat shorter. On all the specimens
(eight) before me the elytra are without a membranous fringe.
LIPARETRUS TRICHOSTERNUS, N. sp.
Bl | SEXVPL, ne, en
3. Black; elytra (hase infuscated) and antennae (club
black) of a more or less dingy-castaneous. Clothed with
long, whitish hair (but becoming dark on pronotum), part of
pronotum and elytra (except at base and sides) glabrous, hind
parts (in addition to the long hair) with rather dense,
depressed, white scales.
Head with crowded and confluent punctures, becoming
somewhat larger and much sparser on clypeus; the latter
with strongly elevated sides and front, sides oblique and
curved, front distinctly emarginate, antennae nine-jointed.
Prothoraz with sides rather strongly rounded, hind angles
widely rounded off, front ones produced and acute, median
line rather shallow but distinct at base; punctures of uneven
sizes and unevenly distributed. lytra with fairly large
punctures about base, becoming much smaller posteriorly;
geminate-striae distinct. Front tcbiae tridentate; basal joint
of hind tarsi shorter than second. Length, 64-64 mm.
Q. Differs in having wider elytra, clypeus with less
elevated sides and front, the latter not emarginate and legs
shorter, with front tibiae more acutely tridentate.
535
Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (E. F. du Boulay).
Type, I. 7845.
The elytra have some long hairs about the base, but as
these are very few in number “the species should be referred
to Group 2, from all the tabled species of which (as also from
all those tabled of Group 1) it is readily distinguished by its
‘squamose hind parts, from the preceding species it is distin-
guished by the much more acutely angled clypeus of the male,
and by the non-iridescent elytra. The clothing of the hind parts
conceals most of the punctures, it is denser (and almost white)
on the sterna than elsewhere; the elytra of the three specimens
before me are without membranous fringe. On the female
the teeth of the front tibiae are all strong and acute, but on
the male the hind one is rather obtuse.
Group 4.
LIPARETRUS COMPOSITUS, nN. sp.
Pili xxxvn), fie. 12).
Reddish-castaneous, parts of sterna somewhat darker ;
head black, prothorax in parts more or less deeply infuscated.
Under-surface and legs with long whitish hair, but clothing
of upper-surface confined to clypeus and to lateral ae
of pronotum, hind parts sparsely clothed.
Head with crowded but not confluent punctures, becom-
ing sparser and larger on clypeus, but a narrow space
immediately behind the clypeal suture shining and impunc-
tate; clypeus with sides and apex strongly elevated, the
former subparallel near base, and then strongly narrowed to
apex, which is truncate. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothoraxz
with hind angles widely rounded off, front ones produced and
acute, median line very feeble; sides and apex with dense
and rather small punctures, becoming somewhat larger and
sparser in middle. J/lytra with fairly large punctures,
becoming smaller at sides and posteriorly; geminate-striae
well-defined. Hind parts with moderately small punctures,
somewhat denser on pygidium than on propygidium. Front
tibiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly
shorter than second. Length, 11-12 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Ankertell and Cue (H. W.
Brown). Type, I. 7839.
Belongs to FF of Group 4. Looking at the pronotum
from in front the lateral, but not the front margins of the
type, are seen to be fringed, but on the specimen from Cue
there are a few hairs in front (but the species agree in but
few details with pieipennis ), disregarding the few hairs of
the latter specimen the species would be referred to HH, and
536
as the punctures of its hind parts are more distinct than on
rufipennis, it would be referred to II, all the species of which
are much smaller and otherwise different. In general appear-
ance it appears to be allied to germari and mastersi. The type
at first glance appears to have the pronotum black or almost
so, but under a lens it is seen to be obscurely diluted with
red; the specimen from Cue has most of the pronotum no
darker than the elytra, but its apex, sides, and base (the
latter very narrowly) are deeply infuscated, the antennae and
palpi are entirely pale (almost flavous). The elytra are
terminated by a very short membranous fringe (much shorter
—less than half its length-—than on the following species),
but the membranous fringe at the apex of the prothorax is
unusually long.
LIPARETRUS APICALIS, Nl. sp.
Pinay; ie Lee
Black; eltyra, abdomen, and appendages (club partly
black and outer parts of front tibiae blackish) reddish-
castaneous. Under-surface and legs with long and somewhat
golden or reddish hair, similar hairs margining sides of
pronotum, and fairly numerous about the front angles (rest
of upper-surface glabrous), hind parts with rather sparse
hairs, but in addition with numerous short erect setae.
Head with rather small and crowded but not confluent
punctures, a shallow depression im middle just behind clypeal
suture; clypeus with sparser and somewhat larger punctures
in front and on sides than between eyes, sides and front
moderately elevated. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothoraxr
with hind angles widely rounded off, the front ones produced
and acute; with fairly numerous and rather small punctures,
becoming crowded on sides; median line absent, except for a
feeble basal impression. Llytra with moderately large
punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly; geminate-striae
well-defined. Hind parts with rather numerous punctures, ©
larger on pygidium than on propygidium. Front tibiae
strongly tridentate; hind tarsi with basal joint shorter than
second. Length, 10-12 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Cunderdin (Western Aus-
tralian Museum, Nos. 6652 and 6844). Type, I. 7838.
Of the two specimens before me there are only three basal
joints remaining of one hind tarsus, and of these the first is
slightly shorter than the second; regarding it as shorter, the
species would belong to Group 4; the clypeus is very feebly
tridentate in front (much less than in distans, from which the
species differs also in many other respects) ; passing that species
in the table it would be associated with picipennis, which is
557
a considerably smaller and otherwise different species. If not
to Group 4, it could only be referred to Group 7, and there
associated with sericews, with which it has very few points in
common. In general appearance it is close to germari,
mastersi, and semicastaneus, but is abundantly distinct by
the clothing of the pronotum. From the preceding species
it is readily distinguished by the clypeus, and by the absence
of a shining impunctate space behind the clypeal suture. The
sides of the clypeus evenly diminish to the apex, which 1s
almost truncate, on one specimen it is feebly but distinctly
produced in the middle (very feebly tridentate), on the other
from some directions it is scarcely perceptibly produced in the
middle, from most directions appearing gently rounded or
truncate. The setae on the hind parts are distinct only from
the sides, and they are denser on the propygidium than on
the pygidium. The elytra are tipped by a conspicuous
corrugated membranous fringe.
LIPARETRUS LACINIATUS, Di. sp.
Pb ex kviies Ges 125.
d. Black; elytra, hind parts, and appendages more or
less reddish-castaneous. Under-surface, hind-parts, front of
clypeus, and lateral margins of pronotum with long stramineous
hair, elytra with a conspicuous fringe of long reddish bristles.
Head with rather small and crowded, but not confluent
punctures, becoming sparser and larger on front of clypeus;
clypeus with sides moderately diminishing to apex, front
strongly reflexed and conspicuously emarginate. Antennae
nine-jointed. Prothorax with hind angles widely rounded
off, the front ones produced and acute; with fairly dense
punctures of moderate size; with vague remnants of a median
line. Llytra with moderately large and rather dense punc-
tures, becoming smaller and denser on sides and posteriorly ;
geminate-striae moderately distinct. Front tibiae strongly
tridentate ; basal joint of hind tarsi almost as long as second.
Length, 10-104 mm.
Q. Differs in having the clypeus smaller, much less
acutely angled, and less emarginate in front, legs shorter, and
front tarsi thinner.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns (Blackburn’s collection from
— Taylor). Type, I. 7862. ;
The basal joint of the hind tarsi, when viewed from most
directions, appears to be slightly shorter than the second, but
when viewed so that the full length of each is visible, are seen
to be of equal length, or almost so. In Group 4 it would. be
associated with vicarius, which is a much smaller species, with
538
very different clothing and clypeus ; the clypeus is considerably
(but not deeply .as in abnormalis) emarginate in the male,
and rather lightly incurved at the apex in the female, but
regarding the species as belonging to EE, of Group 7, it could
be referred to H, but to neither I nor 1, as the clypeus is
not at all tridentate. In general appearance, however, it
appears to belong to Groups | or 2, but the prothorax entirely
glabrous (except for the lateral margins) forbids its being
referred to either. In Macleay’s divisions it would readily fall
into the first subsection of Section 1. The elytral fringe is
of an unusual character, and apparently takes the place of
the apical membrane of other species. Each of the long hairs
of the hind parts arises from a puncture. On the type the
hind femora are almost entirely black, a smaller proportion
of the middle ones, and a still smaller proportion of the front
ones are black, the hind parts are of a dingier red than the
elytra. On the female the whole of the abdomen and femora
are brightly reddish, the clypeus is diluted with red at the
apex, and the prothorax is of the same shade of red as the
elytra, except in front, where it is rather deeply infuscated ;
its scutellum also 1s red.
LIPARETRUS OBSCURIOR, ‘N. sp.
Pl 3xxvn.. Bed
Black; elytra blackish, silghtly iridescent. Sterna with
dense whitish hair, a fringe of somewhat similar hair on each
side of pronotum, rest of upper-surface glabrous; abdomen
with dense white adpressed pubescence, and each segment
with a row of long hairs; hind parts with stouter setae (almost
scales) than on rest of abdomen, but lower part of pygidium
glabrous. |
Head with small, non-confluent punctures, crowded on
sides, but somewhat sparser in middle, and becoming sparser
and slightly larger on clypeus; sides of clypeus moderately
elevated and evenly decreasing in width to apex, which is
more elevated and truncated, but with rounded sides.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorasx with sides strongly rounded,
hind angles widely rounded off, front ones rather strongly
produced and acute; median line feeble, and only distinct at
base, with sharply defined but Satkluen small punctures,
crowded on sides, somewhat sparser in middle. AH#lytra with
larger but sparser punctures than on pronotum; geminate-
striae well-defined. Hind parts with crowded, partially-
concealed punctures. Fsont tibiae strongly tridentate ; basal
pa of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than second. ‘Length,
7-8 mm.
5939
Hab.—Western Australia (E. F. du Boulay). Type, I.
7836). |
f Blackburn’s table would be associated with ovatus,
from which it differs in having the elytra black or blackish,
antennae darker (the first six joints are all darker than on
ovatus, the club being black on both) and prothorax with .
sparser and slightly larger punctures; from a dark variety of
rubefactus it differs in being considerably larger, punctures in
general finer, and pygidium as well as propygidium densely
clothed ; in general appearance it is fairly close to dark speci-
mens of picipennis, but the pronotum has lateral hairs only,
and there are other differences. The legs (except for the
teeth of the front tibiae) are almost entirely black. One
specimen has the four basal segments of abdomen rather
densely clothed in middle, and is probably a male, the other
has the abdomen glabrous along the middle, and is probably
a female, but the clypeus and legs are practically identical.
The elytra are without an apical membrane.
Group 7.
LIPARETRUS CARUS, 0. sp.
Pip sxx ie) PDS:
3. Black; elytra (except for a narrow portion of the
base, and for a slight infuscation of the suture and apex),
legs (except most of femora), antennae (except club), and
palpi reddish-castaneous. Under-surface and legs with long
pale hair, a fringe of pale hair (becoming darker in front) on
each side of pronotum, rest of upper-surface and hind parts
glabrous.
Head with rather small, crowded, and in places trans-
versely confluent punctures, becoming sparser and slightly
larger on clypeus; clypeus rather more concave than usual,
sides moderately decreasing in width (with curved outlines)
to apex, which is strongly raised, and conspicuously, but
obtusely, tridentate. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax
with sides widely rounded, hind angles widely rounded off,
the front ones produced and acute, median line shallow but
distinct on basal half; punctures rather small and not very
dense. Hlytra with rather small and not very dense punc-
tures, but becoming more numerous and more or less
confluent on apex and sides. Hind parts with rather dense
punctures, on pygidium slightly larger than on propygidium
or elytra. Front t#biae tridentate; two basal joints of hind
_ tarsi subequal. Length, 9 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt).
Type (unique), I. 7855.
5940
The basal joint of the hind tarsi is scarcely perceptibly
longer than the second joint (it is certainly not shorter), so
the species should be referred to Group 7, and there associated
with ewidipenns (to which it is structurally very close), but it
differs in being larger, elytra mostly red, and punctures of
pronotum more distinct. On the type the clypeus from above
_ appears to be obscurely and very narrowly margined with red,
but from below and in a suitable light the margin appears to
be of a conspicuous blood-red colour. Owing to its brilliant
iridescence it is a particularly beautiful species, although the
general colours are as in many other species. The type is
without an elytral membrane.
Group LO.
LIPARETRUS MELALEUCAE, Nn. sp.
| igi . G.-6 g eee 8
Black ; elytra of a dingy piceous-brown, legs partly paler,
antennae (club partly infuscated) and palpi still paler. Sterna
with moderately dense pale hair, abdomen with a row of long
setae cn each segment (usually interrupted in middle), head
with sparse hairs, a fringe on each side of prothorax and
extended on to sides of front margin, rest of upper-surface
glabrous.
Head with crowded and small punctures, some of which
are transversely confluent, with an irregular row of larger
punctures between eyes; two feeble tubercles in middle;
clypeus with somewhat larger and sparser punctures than on
head, sides strongly diminishing in width to apex, which is
strongly tridentate. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with
sides strongly rounded, hind angles widely rounded off, front
ones produced and acute, median line shallow and confined to
basal half; punctures rather small and not very dense. L/ytra
with sparse and rather small punctures; geminate-striae well-
defined. Hind parts with punctures much as on pronotum.
Front tibiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi
distinctly longer than second. Length, 54-65 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (F. R. Zietz),
Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow), Cook Plains, on flowers of
Melaleuca (J. G. O. Tepper). Type, I. 480.
Belongs to CCC, of Blackburn’s table; the prothorax is
not conspicuously frilled all across the apex, but there are
some conspicuous hairs towards the sides on some specimens,
and across the middle there are a few depressed hairs; prob-
ably Blackburn would have referred it to his Group 10, and
it would there be associated with perkins:, from which it
differs in being larger, elytra darker, clypeal projections less
. 641
acute, prothoracic punctures less sharply defined, etc. If not
to Group 10, it could only be referred to Group 9, and with
the only species (rothe:) there noted, it has scarcely anything
in common. In general appearance it is like some specimens
of picupennis, which has very different clypeus, etc., and some
of gracilipes, which has abdomen of male bifascrculate, etc. The
male has the clypeus rather more acutely tridentate and the
abdomen with more uniform clothing than on the female,
but the external sexual differences are but slight. The upper-
surface is feebly iridescent, and the hind parts are usually
slightly pruinose, the elytra are usually a very dingy brown,
becoming almost black at the base and suture, but on an
occasional specimen they are paler (dingy castaneous-brown),
the front legs are almost wholly castaneous,. the whole of the
abdomen is usually black, but is sometimes (occasionally only
the hind parts) obscurely diluted with red; the propygidium
has a few scattered hairs (but these are easily abraded), and
there are usually a few at the tip of the pygidium. The clypeal
suture is conspicuously bisinuate, and a very narrow space
immediately behind it is shining and impunctate. The elytra
are terminated by a narrow but conspicuous membrane, but
on two (of the fourteen) specimens in the Museum only
remnants of it are left.
LIPARETRUS NUDUS, N. sp.
Ree 2.047: een cmmee oot
Black ; eltyra (base, suture, and margins infuscated) and
appendages (femora mostly black and club infuscated) reddish-
castaneous. Under-surface and legs rather sparsely clothed,
hind parts and upper-surface glabrous, except for a feeble
fringe on each side of pronotum.
Head with dense and small punctures, much the same
on clypeus as between the eyes, but immediately behind the
clypeal suture a fairly wide, shining, impunctate space;
clypeus with margins rather lightly elevated, sides rather
strongly rounded, apex moderately incurved to middle.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly
produced; hind angles widely rounded off, feebly produced
and almost rectangular, median line faint; punctures rather
small, sharply defined and not very dense, smaller and more
numerous on sides than on middle. Elytra short; with rather
large but not very dense punctures, geminate-striae well-
defined ; with a short but conspicuous apical membrane. Hind
parts with dense punctures, slightly larger than on pronotum.
Front tebiae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi
conspicuously longer than second. Length, 64 mm.
942
Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (EK. F. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7849.
In Group 10 would be associated with convexior and
laeticulus, from both of which it differs in being larger and
very differently coloured; it is an unusually sparsely clothed
species, but I do not think the type has been abraded, as the
membranous elytral fringe is in perfect condition. The infus-
cation of the elytra is more pronounced at the base than
elsewhere.
Group 11.
LIPARETRUS TRICHOPYGUS, Nn. sp.
Pl. xxxvii., fig. 128.
Black; parts of front legs obscurely reddish, antennae
castaneous, club blackish. Densely clothed all over with long
erect hair, mostly white or whitish, on under-surface, hind
parts, and head ;. mostly black or blackish on pronotum and
elytra.
if Head with crowded punctures of moderate size, becoming
sparser on front of clypeus; clypeus with rather strongly
elevated margins, sides strongly rounded, apex truncate in
middle. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with strongly
rounded sides, hind angles widely rounded off, front ones
produced and acute, median line vague and traceable only at
base; with rather large but not crowded punctures. EHlytra
with sparser and somewhat smaller punctures than on pro-
notum ; geminate-striae ill-defined. Hind’ parts with dense but
partially concealed punctures. Front tibiae strongly biden-
tate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than second.
Length, 10-10 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Cunderdin (Western Aus-
tralian Museum, No. 8228). Type, I: 7835.
The front tibiae have two strong teeth, but behind he
second tooth of one specimen each of them has a very feeble
projection. I think the tibiae should be regarded as bidentate
only, and that the species should be referred to Group 11,
and associated with swavis, but it is very different in general
appearance to that species, and to all others of the group.
But regarding the front tibiae as tridentate it would prefer-
ably be referred to Group 8, and associated with ebemnus,
which is evidently a much smaller species, with very different
clothing, etc.; if not to Group 8, it might be referred to F,
of Group 5, but it differs very considerably from vestztus and
nigroumbratus in clothing and punctures, black elytra, etc.
The upper-surface has a bluish iridescence, this being very
conspicuous on the elytra. The clothing of the hind parts is
unusually dense, and consists of long erect hairs and long
‘if
543
depressed pubescence. The elytra, although in perfect
condition on both specimens, are entirely without a
membranous fringe. The clypeus when viewed from behind
appears to be semicircular.
LIPARETRUS PUNCTICEPS, N. sp.
Pl, xxxvai.; ‘fig. 129:
Black; elytra (base, suture, and margins excepted),
antennae (club excepted), and palpi bright flavo-castaneous,
legs of a darker red. Clothed with long hair, mostly whitish,
but becoming darker on pronotum, and darker and shorter
on elytra. |
Head with irregular punctures; clypeus with sides feebly
diminishing in width to apex, which is very feebly tridentate.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with strongly rounded
sides, hind angles widely rounded off, front ones very feebly
produced and obtuse, median line not traceable; punctures
indistinct. Hlytra with sparse and small punctures, mostly
- confined to the geminate-striae and these indistinct. Hind
parts with small and inconspicuous punctures, but more
distinct on apical part of pygidium (which is shining) than
elsewhere; propygidium very large. Front tibiae tridentate,
front tooth long but rather obtusely pointed, the other very
ill-defined ; basal joint of hind tarsi much longer than second.
Length, 63 mm..
Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow).
Type (unique), I. 7852. |
In general appearance close to discipennis and canescens,
distinguished from the former by its tridentate clypeus, and
from the latter by the conspicuously longer basal joint of hind
tarsi. In Blackburn’s table it would be associated with
albohirtus, from which it differs in the clypeus, in the clothing
of upper-surface partly black, hind parts black and elytra
completely margined with black. The lateral and basal hairs
of the pronotum are pale, those on the disc being conspicuously
darker; on the elytra they are entirely dark, seen from above
they appear to be sparsely and irregularly distributed on the
elytra, but when viewed from in front or behind they are seen
to be in almost regular rows. The head immediately behind
the clypeal suture is shining and impunctate, then there is
a space (about the length of the clypeus) where the punctures
are crowded and of irregular sizes (mostly fairly large), behind
which the surface is opaque and with sparse punctures ; on the
clypeus the punctures are fairly large. The elytra of the type
are terminated by a very short membrane. | ,
544
Group 12.
LIPARETRUS LISSAPTERUS, N. sp.
Black; elytra (base, suture, and margins narrowly infus-
cated), antennae, and palpi bright-castaneous, legs and
abdomen of a darker red. Under-surface with long pale hair,
mixed on the propygidium with depressed white scales and
on the pygidium with depressed setae or sparse pubescence ;
head with short, dense, light-brown, erect setae or hairs
between eyes, somewhat shorter and not so dense on clypeus ;
pronotum with numerous long, erect, dark hairs, becoming
paler at the sides and base, in addition with numerots stout
subdepressed whitish setae; elytra glabrous.
Head with small crowded punctures, in places becoming
confluent; clypeus with larger punctures than between eyes,
its suture deep and distinct, margins strongly raised and
(except for a slight flattening in front) semicircular. Antennae
nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly produced,
hind angles widely rounded off, the front ones subacute;
median line distinct on basal half; punctures fairly dense,
subasperate, and mostly of two sizes: small ones denser on
the sides than elsewhere, and fairly large ones (about as large
as those on clypeus) from each of which arises a long hair.
Elytra with sparse and small shallow punctures; geminate-
striae feebly defined. Hind parts with somewhat crowded
punctures, much as on pronotum, but larger (although
shallow) about apex of pygidium. Front fzbiae strongly and
acutely bidentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer
than second. Length, 9 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (F. R. Zietz).
Type (unique), I. 7853.
In Blackburn’s table would be referred to I of Group 12,
but as there are numerous white hairs mixed with black ones
on the pronotum, it could be reterred to neither J nor JJ of
that group. In size and general appearance it is close to
gravidus, and it has the back parts similarly clothed, but the
punctures and clothing of the pronotum are different, and
the elytra are glabrous at the base. The elytra are without
an apical membrane, and their punctures are unusually feeble.
On the type the abdomen (including the hind parts) and hind
coxae are of a dingy red; but it is probable that those parts
are usually (or at least commonly) black; with the prothorax
closely applied to the elytra it appears to have distinct hind
angles, but from certain directions these are seen to be widely
reunded off,
545
LIPARETRUS FLAVIPENNIS, ni. sp.
Black ; elytra, antennae, and palpi flavous, front legs and
all the tarsi more or less reddish. Elytra glabrous, but else-
where more or less densely clothed with long hair, dark on
the pronotum (except on the sides) and head, mostly pale
elsewhere; abdomen in addition with rather dense, whitish
pubescence, becoming subsquamose on propygidium.
Head rather convex; with crowded subasperate punc-
tures; clypeus with sides strongly and apex feebly rounded,
punctures at base much as between eyes, but sparser in front.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides distinctly
produced, hind angles widely rounded off, front ones not
acute, median line distinct only at base; with fairly dense,
subasperate punctures, of small and moderate size. Elytra
with sparse punctures of small or moderate size; geminate-
striae distinct; without apical membrane. Hind parts with
crowded puncture of sizes as on pronotum, but partially
concealed. Front tvbiae bidentate, the apical tooth long and
acute, the other feeble; basal joint of hind tarsi longer than
second. Length, 54-53 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt).
Type, I. 7854.
In Blackburn’s table of Group 12, the position of this
species 1s somewhat doubtful, as whilst the basal joint of the
hind tarsi is distinctly longer than the second, it is certainly
not ‘‘very much’’ longer (the type of sericerpennis was
described as having the first joint twice the length of the
second); referring it to I, its position is again doubtful, as
the clothing of the pronotum, whilst mostly dark, 1s mixed
with white setae, disregarding the latter it would be associated
with occidentalis, from which it differs in its clothing, in the
much less conspicuously bicoloured elytra, and very different
clypeus. At first glance it looks close to whiqwitosus, of Group
15, or like luridipennis on a reduced scale. The elytra are
somewhat iridescent, with the base, suture, and sides feebly
and narrowly infuscated ; the club is sometimes lightly infus-
cated. On some specimens there are a few short pale setae on
the pronotum, the scales and shorter clothing of the hind parts
are usually conspicuous, but a slight amount of grease causes
them almost to disappear; on an occasional specimen the
abdomen is obscurely reddish. The sides of the clypeus are
rather more strongly rounded on some specimens than on
others, but I can find no other differences (on the nine
specimens in the Museum) likely to be sexual.
S
546
LIPARETRUS BIMACULATUS, DN. sp.
Pl: xxxvil.,. fig. 130:
Black, with a bright bluish iridescence; elytra with a
large flavous spot on each side near base, front legs, antennae
(part of club excepted), and palpi flavo-castaneous. LElytra
and clypeus glabrous, but elsewhere with rather long white
or whitish hair; abdomen in addition with white pubescence
in transverse series.
Head with rather crowded, small, and moderately large
punctures ; clypeus highly polished and with sparse punctures,
sides strongly rounded, apex very feebly incurved at middle.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with strongly rounded
sides, hind angles widely rounded off, the front ones feebly
produced and subacute; with small and comparatively sparse
punctures, and a few larger ones scattered about; median
line absent. lytra with sparse and rather small punctures ;
geminate-striae well-defined ; without apical membrane. Hind
parts with rather dense small punctures, and a few of larger
size. Front tzbcae strongly bidentate ; first joint of hind tarsi
just perceptibly longer than second. Length, 55 mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (W. K. Hunt).
Type (unique), I. 7847.
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with discoidalis,
from which it differs in being brilliantly iridescent, prothorax
with sparser clothing, punctures distinct and surface not
opaque, pale portions of elytra considerably smaller in extent
(each spot is close to the base and about the size of the head),
and basal joint of hind tarsi shorter. The erect hairs on the
disc of the pronotum are not dense, but are almost evenly
distributed; on the propygidium there are three transverse
series of white pubescence (in addition to the long hair), the
first basal (this would probably be concealed on some speci-
mens), the second median, and the third apical; at the tip
of each elytron there are two long rigid white setae, and on
the sides a few shorter ones.
LIPARETRUS LONGIDENS, N. sp.
Plo xxkyan, “ie Ieee
Black and flavo-castaneous. Elytra glabrous, elsewhere
more or less densely clothed.
Head with crowded but sharply defined punctures in
front, becoming sparser posteriorly; clypeus very short, with
rather dense punctures, margins lightly elevated, sides very
strongly narrowed to apex, which is truncated (but without
lateral angles). Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides
rather strongly produced, hind angles widely rounded off,
547
front ones lightly produced and acute; with fairly large but
not dense punctures; median line absent. lytra with fairly
numerous punctures of moderate size, geminate-striae fairly
distinct but irregular; terminated by an extremely short
membrane. Hind parts with rather dense punctures of
moderate size. Front tib7ae with apical tooth only, this long
and very acute; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than
second. Length, 44 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I.
7831. ‘
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with discoidalis,
which has much longer clothing, bicolorous elytra, etc., but
as the basal joint of the hind tarsi, from some directions,
appears to be distinctly longer than the second, it might be
compared with sericerxpenms, from the description of which it
differs in many particulars, and notably in its unidentate
front tibiae. The black parts are the head, prothorax,
scutellum, sterna, base of abdomen, hind coxae, and club.
The head of the type (except the clypeus) and hind parts have
a curious muddy appearance, that may really be due to dirt,
but it certainly does not appear to be in any way abraded.
The elytra in some lights have a conspicuous pruinose gloss.
The clothing on the under-surface is mostly of a snowy-
whiteness, on the legs and upper parts it 1s more or less
stramineous; on the pronotum the hair is not very long, and
is almost evenly distributed (except in front, where there is a
rather conspicuous fringe of longer hair) ; on the head (except
at base), including the clypeus, it is dense and rather short,
on the hind parts it consists of fine evenly distributed (but
rather sparse) hair.
LIPARETRUS ALBOVILLOSUS, Nn. sp.
Pie xvit.,, fio. 132:
d. Black; some parts more or less reddish-castaneous.
_Elytra glabrous, elsewhere with more or less dense, long,
erect, white or whitish hair. |
Head with small, crowded punctures, with a few
irregularly distributed larger ones; clypeus highly polished
and with sparse punctures, margins rather strongly elevated,
sides scarcely diminishing to apex, which is very feebly
incurved to middle and with angles gently rounded off.
Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with sides and base
strongly rounded, hind angles widely rounded off, the front
ones obtuse, median line very feeble or absent; with rather
dense, small, and moderately large, irregularly mixed
punctures. Elytra with rather dense punctures of
s2
548
moderate size, becoming smaller at the sides and pos-
teriorly; geminate-striae very distinct; without apical
membrane. Hind parts with dense punctures, mostly small
on propygidium, somewhat larger on pygidium. Front tibiae
bidentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than
second. Length, 5-54 mm.
@. Differs in having the clypeus somewhat smaller, with
its front edge not at all incurved, and abdomen larger and
more convex.
Hab.—Queensland: South Johnstone River (H. W.
Brown). Type I. 7861.
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with luridipennis,
which is a much larger species, with very different clothing of
pygidium ; from occidentalis, to which it is structurally fairly
close, it differs in being smaller, in the darker disc of elytra,
with much less sharply defined dark borders, stronger punc-
tures, and in the more feeble dentition of the front tibiae, of
these the front tooth is long and acute, but the other is very
feeble (on one specimen the front tibiae could quite fairly be
regarded as unidentate). The antennae are nine-jointed, but
the fourth to sixth joints are small, and it is necessary to
view them in a good position and a good light to see them
clearly; the two basal joints of the hind tarsi are almost
equal, certainly the first is not ‘‘notably shorter’’ as on
palmerstoni. On two specimens the elytra are of a rather
_ bright-castaneous, with the base suture and sides somewhat
infuscated, the front legs, antennae (except most of the club),
and palpi are also castaneous; on a third specimen the elytra
are considerably darker and the infuscations also are darker
(parts are quite black) and more extended; on a fourth
specimen (the only female sent by Mr. Brown) the elytra are
considerably less infuscated (the apex scarcely at all), and
the pygidium and propygidium (except where covered by the
elytra) are entirely flavo-castaneous. The clypeus is more
sparsely clothed than the head between the eyes, and the hairs
project backwards, the medio-basal lobe of the pronotum is
also sparsely clothed ; on the hind parts the hair is longer (but
not so dense) than on the wider parts of the abdomen.
Group 13.
LIPARETRUS BASICOLLIS, Nn. sp.
Pl. xxxviii)) fie) tae:
Black ; elytra and legs of a dingy piceous-brown, antennae
(club black) and palpi paier. Under-surface rather sparsely
clothed, hind parts almost glabrous, upper-surface glabrous,
except for a fringe on each side of pronotum.
549
Head with rather small and comparatively sparse
punctures; clypeus more shining and with sparser punctures
than between eyes, its base somewhat elevated in middle, its
margins rather strongly raised and semicircular, except for a
flattening in front. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorar with
evenly rounded sides, hind angles obtuse but not rounded off,
front ones acute and rather lightly produced; punctures
slightly sparser, but otherwise much as on head. //lytra with
rather sparse but sharply defined punctures; geminate-striae
conspicuous; with an extremely short apical membrane. Hind
parts with punctures much as.on pronotum. Front tibice
bidentate, the front tooth long and acute, the second obtuse;
basal joint of hind tarsi slightly shorter than second. Length,
5-6 mim...
Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (F. H. du Boulay).
Type I. 7846.
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with rotundi-
_ pennis, from which it differs in being considerably narrower,
sides of prothorax more evenly rounded and base different,
clypeus different at base, etc. It is one of the few species of
the genus whose hind angles of prothorax (although obtuse)
are not completely rounded off; the pronotum is more convex
than usual, and except for a slight flattening near the base,
is without trace of a median line. When the full extent of
the basal joint of the hind tarsi is clearly visible, it is seen
to be almost exactly the length of the second (certainly not
longer); the sixth joint of the antennae is very small, and
so closely applied to the club that the antennae at first appear
to be but eight-jointed. Of the five specimens taken by Mr.
du Boulay three have the elytra distinctly paler than the
prothorax, but the other two have very dark elytra (scarcely
paler—to the naked eye—than the prothorax); one of the
former has the abdomen of a dingy-brown, but on the others
it is black or blackish; the tarsi are usually paler than the
rest of the legs. 7 |
LIPARETRUS SEMIFLAVUS, 0. sp.
Flavous; some parts black or infuscated. Sterna with
moderately dense clothing, abdomen with a row of setae
across each segment, upper-surface and hind-parts glabrous,
except for a conspicuous fringe on each side of pronotum.
Head with small and dense but (except in front) vot
crowded punctures; clypeus with considerably larger punctures
than between the eyes, margins rather strongly elevated, sides
rounded and rather gently decreasing in width to apex, which
is lightly incurved to middle. Antennae nine-jointed.
550
Prothorax with sides subacutely produced, hind angles widely
rounded off, front angles lightly produced and almost
rectangular, median line not traceable, a vague transverse
impression at apical third (but: not continuous across middle) ;
punctures small and comparatively sparse. Hlytra with rather
small and sparse punctures; geminate-striae well-defined.
Propygidium with punctures as on pronotum, but slightly
larger on pygidium. Front tibzae bidentate, the front tooth
long and acute, the other small but distinct; basal joint of
hind tarsi slightly longer than second. Length, 7 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (E. F. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7843.
The black parts are the head (in front, however, it is
obscurely diluted with red), sterna, and hind coxae; the
pronotum and scutellum are rather deeply but somewhat
irregularly infuscated, hence there is some doubt as to
whether the species. should be referred to F, or FF, of Group
13; regarding it as belonging to F, it would be associated with
pallidus, which is a considerably narrower and otherwise
different species; if referred to FF, it would be associated
with rotundipennis, which is a shorter, wider, iridescent and
differently coloured and clothed species. The elytra of the
type are without a membranous fringe, but there is a slightly
ragged appearance about their tips that may be the remnants
of one.
LIPARETRUS FLAVUS, 0. sp.
Pl: axxyats eda:
Flavous; head and parts of legs flavo-castaneous. Under-
surface moderately pilose; upper-surface glabrous except for
a fringe on each side of pronotum (continued on to sides of
elytra), and for a few depressed setae across its apex; hind
parts with fairly numerous, but short and inconspicuous
setae.
Head with small dense punctures, many of which are
transversely confluent; clypeus very short, with larger and
Sparser punctures than between eyes, margins moderately
elevated, sides oblique from base to apex, which is widely trun-
cated but with angles rounded off. Antennae nine-jointed.
Prothorax widely transverse, sides rounded near base, hind
angles very obtuse, but not completely rounded off, front
ones produced and rather acute, median line absent; punctures
small and comparatively sparse. Slytra with rather small
punctures; geminate-striae fairly distinct; without apical
membrane. Hind parts shagreened and with small shallow
punctures. Front tibiae strongly bidentate; two basal joints
of hind tarsi equal or almost equal. Length, 53-8 mm.
551
Hab.—South Australia: Murray River (F. R. Zietz),
Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow). Type, I. 7850.
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with pallidus,
to which in fact it is closely allied, but it differs in having
elytra longer, with the geminate-striae less pronounced,
prothorax with smaller punctures and without a median line;
in general appearance it is strikingly close to aridus (of Group
4), but the front tibiae are bidentate instead of tridentate ;
at first glance it resembles many of the small pale species of
Heteronyx. The upper-surface and hind parts have a more
or less conspicuous pruinose gloss; the setae across the apex
of the pronotum are fairly distinct on some specimens, but
from others they appear to be absent, on many specimens the
pronotum is of the same shade of colour as the head. I can
find no conspicuous sexual differences, although Mr. Zietz
took specimens in abundance.
LIPARETRUS UNIDENTATUS, Nn. Sp.
Flavous ; head (somewhat darker between eyes) and parts
of legs flavo-castaneous. Sterna moderately pilose, abdomen
with sparser and stiffer clothing, upper-surface glabrous except
for a fringe on each side of pronotum, hind parts with short,
erect, and moderately dense, but (except from the sides)
inconspicuous setae.
Head with small dense punctures, becoming crowded in
front, somewhat larger and sparser on clypeus; clypeus short,
sides oblique, apex wide and truncated, but with angles
rounded off. Antennae nine-jointed. Prothorax with
moderately rounded sides, hind angles widely rounded off,
the front ones produced and acute, median line lightly
impressed ; punctures rather small and dense on sides, becom-
ing somewhat sparser in middle. /lytra with rather small
and fairly numerous punctures; geminate-striae conspicuous ;
without apical membrane. Hind parts with rather dense and
small subasperate punctures. Front tibiae with a strong apical
tooth only; basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than
second. Length, 64 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Hughendon (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 7851. 3
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with modestus,
which is a much smaller, wider, and otherwise different species ;
disregarding the hind tarsi it would be associated with
brevipes and blanchardi, also very much smaller and otherwise
different species; in general appearance it is strikingly close
to aridus, pallidus, and flavus, but is readily distinguished
by the unidentate front tibiae. On the type there is a small
552
projection at the middle of the apex of the clypeus, it is quite
conspicuous from the side, but does not interfere with the
front outline as viewed from above.
Group 15.
LIPARETRUS IRREGULARIS, N.. sp.
Black and _ reddish-castaneous; antennae and _ palpi
flavous. Densely clothed with long whitish hair on under-
surface (but somewhat shorter and sparser on abdomen,
including hind parts, than on sterna), head sparsely clothed,
pronotum with rather dark hair, forming a wide loose fringe
across aud near apex (but a few hairs on middle of disc),
each side with a fringe but becoming pale towards base; elytra
glabrous.
Head with crowded and small punctures, but with some
larger ones in irregular transverse series; clypeus with less
crowded punctures but somewhat larger than those between
eyes, sides rounded, apex very feebly incurved to middle.
Antennae eight-jointed. Prothorax less transverse than
usual, sides and base rounded, hind angles widely rounded
off, the front ones produced and acute, median line indistinct ;
punctures rather small and crowded on sides, but sparser
elsewhere, and with some larger (but not very large) ones
scattered about. A/ytra with fairly numerous punctures of
moderate size; geminate-striae conspicuous. Hind parts with
dense, subasperate punctures. Front tebiae strongly but
obtusely tridentate; two basal joints of hind tarsi subequal.
Length, 64 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Brisbane (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 7863.
In Group 15 would be associated with rubicundus, from
the description of which it differs in having the sterna and
hind coxae black, the pronotum with some rather large
punctures, the geminate-striae on the elytra conspicuous, and .
the hind parts with rather short and dense clothing; if the
type is a male it is readily distinguished from the male of
ferrugineus by the clypeus, if a female by the clothing of the
pronotum, etc. With the full length of the two basal joints
of hind tarsi clearly visible they are seen to be equal or almost
so, but from most directions the first appears to be shorter
than the second. The fifth joint of the antennae is very
small, so that at first they appear to be but seven-jointed, but
from some directions it is sufficiently distinct. The reddish
parts are the pronotum (but all its margins are infuscated or
black), elytra (the extreme base excepted), two apical
segments of abdomen (but not the base of the propygidium),
553
and legs (except coxae, parts of femora, and parts of hind
tibiae). The elytra of the type appear to be tipped by
remnants of an extremely short membrane.
Group 16.
LIPARETRUS SEMIATRICEPS, 0. sp.
Piaexvi. ie. 13a,
Flavous; head black between eyes, parts of. sterna
infuscated. Under-surface rather densely pilose, upper-
surface glabrous except for a fringe of stout setae on each
side of pronotum, for a few hairs on each side in front, and
for a few marginal and apical setae on elytra, hind parts
glabrous except for a few fringing hairs.
Head with crowded and small punctures, a few of which
are transversely confluent, immediately behind clypeal suture
‘a very narrow polished impunctate space; clypeus with sparser
and somewhat larger punctures than between eyes, sides
oblique (with somewhat sinuous outlines) to apex, which is
strongly elevated and truncated. Antennae eight-jointed.
Prothorax shagreened, sides rounded, hind angles rounded off,
the front ones produced and acute, median line vaguely
indicated ; with small and fairly dense, but not crowded punc-
tures. WHlytra with fairly dense and rather small punctures;
geminate-striae distinct; without apical membrane. Hind
parts with dense and small subasperate punctures, and finely
shagreened. Front tzbiae tridentate; two basal joints of hind
tarsi equal. Length, 9 mm.
Hab.—Australia (Blackburn’s collection). Type (unique),
ET | ,
Belongs to FF, of Group 16, but (as pointed out under
notes on fallax), I do not consider that G and GG (hind
angles of pronotum defined or not) are warranted. On this
species the hind angles are completely rounded off (as they
are on most species of the genus), hence in that table 1t would
be associated with atriceps, from which it differs in being more
robust, and in the much denser and smaller punctures of the
prothorax, elytra, and hind parts; the punctures are very
much denser than on the type (and also on a co-type and
many other specimens) of fa/laz, the clypeus is less narrowed
to the apex, and its sides and apex are more strongly reflexed ;
from Macleay’s description of monticola (tabled by Blackburn
as having the punctures of the pronotum ‘‘quite sparse’’ in
comparison with those of fallax) it differs in many particulars
of colour and punctures. From certain directions the front
margin of the clypeus appears to be widely truncated, with
the lateral angles obtuse, but not rounded; from directly
p04
above it appears to be feebly incurved to the middle, and
from behind (seen just above the head) it is scarcely per-
ceptibly trilobed. There was no locality label on the type, but
it was probably from Queensland or the Northern Territory.
LIPARETRUS MIMICUS, Nn. sp.
Black ; elytra, hind parts, and parts of legs dark piceous-
brown, tarsi, front tibiae, antennae (club excepted) and palpi
paler. Sterna with rather dense long pale hair, becoming
sparser and more setose in character on abdomen ; upper-
surface and hind parts glabrous, except for a fringe of dark
hair on each side of pronotum.
Head with small dense non-confluent punctures; clypeal
suture unusually deep; clypeus short, with somewhat larger
but not much sparser punctures than between eyes, sides
strongly oblique and gently rounded, front truncated, with
angles rounded off. Antennae eight-jointed. Prothorax with
sides strongly rounded posteriorly ; hind angles widely rounded
off, the front ones produced and acute; median line vague;
punctures rather small and sparse. Hlytra with moderately
large but not very dense punctures; geminate-striae well-
defined. Hund parts with dense punctures, rather larger
than on pronotum, the propygidium with a rather large but
obtuse median tubercle. Front tehvae tridentate, but the
tooth nearest the base very small (the others lar ray two basal
joints of hind tarsi equal or subequal. Length, 6 mm.
Hab.—South Austraha: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow).
Type (unique), I. 7858.
The type does not fit well into any of Blackburn’s,
divisions of Group 16, as its elytra, although dark, are not
black, but regarding them as black it would be associated with
erythropygus, from which it differs in many respects (size,
colour, punctures, etc.). When the full length of the two
basal joints of the hind tarsi is visible, the first is seen to be
a trifle longer than the second (certainly not ‘“‘much’’
longer) “8, but from some directions it appears to be a trifle
shorter; it 1s the only member of Group 16 (except fallaz,
which extends as far south as Oodnadatta) known from South
Australia. In general appearance it is strikingly close to
rotundipenms (of Group 13), to some of gracilipes (of Group
7), and to some of picipenmis (of Group 4). I have satisfied
myself by careful examination of the antennae from different
positions and in good lights that they are but eight-jointed ;
(18) Group 17, the group with the basal joint much longer
than the second, consists of but one species (criniger), very
unlike the present one.
555
the club is considerably darker than the rest of the antennae,
but is far from being black; the upper-surface has a vague
iridescence. The elytra of the type appear to have remnants
of a very short membrane.
Group 17.
LIPARETRUS FLAVICORNIS, Nn. sp.
Black; eltyra (base, suture, and margins excepted) and
legs more or less castaneous, antennae and palpi flavous.
Under-surface with dense pale hair, pronotum rather densely
and almost uniformly clothed with brownish hair, becoming
shorter, denser, and paler on head between eyes (clypeus
glabrous), elytra with rather long sparse clothing at base and
sides, becoming sparser and shorter towards middle, and
absent posteriorly; hind parts with moderately dense, and
mostly depressed, pale clothing.
Head with small dense subasperate punctures; clypeus
short, with sparser punctures than between eyes, its suture
marked by a conspicuous, transverse, subgranular elevation,
sides rounded, front truncated, but angles widely rounded off.
Antennae eight-jointed. Prothorar with sides strongly
produced outwards, hind angles widely rounded off, the front
ones subrectangular; median line vague; with fairly dense
but rather small punctures. Llytra with not very dense and
rather small punctures, becoming smaller on sides and
posteriorly; geminate-striae scarcely traceable. Hind parts
with dense, small, shallow punctures. Front tibiae strongly
tridentate (the front tooth unusually thin and curved); basal
joint of hind tarsi much longer than second. Length, 6 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I. 7832.
Belongs to Group 17, hitherto consisting of but one
known species (criniger), from which this species differs in
being much smaller and differently clothed, sides of prothorax
angularly produced, etc. As viewed from the side the base
of the clypeus appears to be traversed by a prominent ridge;
the elytra of the type are without an apical membrane.
LIPARETRUS NIGRICLAVUS, Nl. sp.
Black; elytra (base, suture, and margins narrowly
infuscated), hind parts and legs (coxae and hind femora
black) more or less reddish-castaneous, antennae (club black)
and palpi flavous. Sterna moderately, abdomen (including
hind parts) more sparsely clothed; upper-surface glabrous
except for a fringe of dark hairs on each side, and one across
apex of pronotum.
5dD6
Head with crowded and small but seldom confluent
punctures; with a lightly elevated, semidouble, transverse
median ridge; clypeus with slightly larger and sparser punc-
tures than between eyes, sides strongly decreasing to apex,
which is truncate, but with angles widely rounded off.
Antennae eight-jointed. Prothoraz less transverse than usual,
sides moderately rounded, hind angles obtuse but not com-
pletely rounded off, front ones produced and acute, median
line vague; punctures small and sparse. Hlytra with rather
sparse punctures of moderate size; geminate-striae well
defined. Hind parts with rather dense and small punctures,
the propygidium with an obtuse median tubercle. Front
tubaae strongly tridentate; basal joint of hind tarsi distinctly
longer than second. Length, 1 ea
Hab.—New South Wales (Blackburn’s collection). Type
(unique), I. 4580.
Belongs to Group 17; but the type is a specimen assumed
by the late Rev. T. Blackburn to be twbherculatus, and placed
by him in Group 19, on-account of its antennae appearing to
be seven-jointed. As a matter of fact it is neither twbherculatus
nor a member of Group 19, its antennae being really eight-
jointed. The left antenna has the joints of the club separated,
and the fifth joint is so small and so closely applied to the
base of the club that as a joint it appears to be non-existent,
and in consequence that antenna appears to be seven-jointed ;
but on the right antenna the fifth joint is less closely applied
to the club, and is seen to be acutely pointed on one side. The
basal joint of the hind tarsi is very decidedly longer than the
second, although less conspicuously so than on eriniger, from
which it differs in its opaque pronotum, and very different
clothing. In general appearance it is close to many species,
but by the use of Blackburn’s table it may be readily
separated from all others. The clothing of the abdomen
consists of a row across each segment: at the side rather long
pale depressed hairs, across the middle short stiff suberect
setae; the elytra have fragments of a very short apical.
membrane.
Group 19.
LIPARETRUS PALLENS, N. sp.
Castaneo-flavous, head and legs with a redder tinge;
antennae and palpi flavous. Under-surface moderately, the
abdomen more sparsely, clothed; upper-surface glabrous
except, for a fringe on each side of pronotum, a few short
depressed setae across its apex, and a few inconspicuous
setae on clypeus; hind parts with short, sparse, and incon-
spicuous setae.
557
Head. with small crowded punctures, somewhat sparser
in middle than in front, clypeus short, with larger and much
gparser punctures than between eyes, sides strongly rounded
and rapidly decreasing to apex, which is very feebly incurved
to middle, and with angles wideiy rounded off. Antennae
seven-jointed. Prothorax with sides rather strongly rounded
and produced outwards towards base, hind angles widely
rounded off, the front ones produced and acute, median line
briefly and vaguely indicated; surface shagreened, and with
rather small and not crowded punctures. Hlytra with punc-
tures much as on pronotum; geminate-striae well-defined ;
with a conspicuous, finely corrugated apical membrane. Hind
parts with small shallow punctures. Front tebzae strongly
bidentate; basal joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than
second. Length, 6-7 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle). Type,
I. 7865. |
Readily distinguished from all others of Group 19 by its
bidentate front tibiae. In general appearance it is strikingly
close to pallidus and. undentatus (of Group 13), but those
species have nine-jointed antennae, whilst on the three
specimens before me of the present species the antennae are
easily seen to be but seven-jointed. The upper-surface has a
slight pruinose gloss; the pronotum is very narrowly infuscated
on all its margins, but the infuscation is invisible to the naked
eye, the scutellum also has its margins very narrowly
infuscated.
AUTOMOLUS.
I cannot quite follow Mr. Blackburn in his table of this
genus (ante, 1906, pp. 279-281), as regards the clothing of the
head and pronotum of the species of BBB being ‘‘at most
fine adpressed sparse hairs’’; on granulatus and humilis the
hairs are dense and stout (more or less setose in character),
but being adpressed they have a very different. appearance to
the erect hairs of the other groups; but this is liable to
alteration by maltreatment, as has been already commented
upon under ordinatus; two specimens of valgoides before me
also have the clothing of the head and pronotum decumbent.
Moreover the clothing of the pronotum quite commonly varies
in colour, so that it is not advisable to place much reliance
on this as a distinguishing feature.
AUTOMOLUS ALPICOLA, Blackb.
Many specimens from New South Wales agree perfectly
(sex for sex) in structure with two co-types of this species,
but have most of the clothing of the pronotum black; by the
558
table they would not be associated with alpicola, .but with
bicolor, from which they are structurally very different.
AUTOMOLUS DEPRESSUS, Blanch. |
This species varies from a form having the clothing of
the pronotum entirely pale to one in which it is entirely black.
AUTOMOLUS GRANULATUS, Blackb.
The enormous propygidium of this species, in comparison
with the small pygidium, and the dark club readily distinguish
this species from all others of: the genus except humilis and
propygidiahs. The type and only specimen known to Black-
burn was evidently a male; the female differs in being more
or less castaneous (the head, scutellum, and pygidium ex-
cepted), and each elytron with a conspicuous postero-lateral
glabrous space (much larger than on the female of Awmilis).
Hab.—South Australia: Wilmington, Karoonda _ to
Peebinga; Western Australia: Beverley.
AUTOMOLUS BURMEISTERI, Macl.
In Blackburn’s table of the species of Awtomolus this
species (with others) is distinguished by ‘‘pilosity of pronotum
dark at least in middle of disc.’’ This is generally true of the
males, but all of the numerous females before me have the
pilosity entirely of a rusty red, and even on some males black
hairs are not always present 7%, although generally con-
spicuous on the middle. The sexual brand on each elytron of
the female is smaller than usual (about the length of the
scutellum, but only about half its width).
AUTOMOLUS SEMITIFER, Blackb.
Of this species Blackburn had four females under examin-
ation, and of these there are now three before me, all of
which have the club black. The co-types are slightly greasy,
but specimens in better condition have a curious silken or
pruinose gloss on the pygidium, propygidium, and abdomen,
very conspicuous from some directions; in consequence the
punctures, although shallow, appear considerably larger than
they otherwise would, and the hairs with which they are
supplied project in a curious way. The sexual brand on the
co-types is continuous on each elytron, from the shoulder to
the apex, but on some others it is interrupted in the middle,
' so that each appears to have two smaller ones, one on the
(19) It is difficult to distinguish such males from males of
depressus, apart from the shorter pilosity of the pygidium and
propygidium.
559
shoulder, the other near the apex 0). The male differs in
being smaller, abdomen considerably smaller, prothorax with
black hairs much more conspicuous (on the female they are
sometimes entirely pale), elytra without sexual brands, and
tarsi somewhat longer.
AUTOMOLUS MELANCHOLICUS, Ni. sp.
Black; parts of tarsi somewhat reddish, antennae (club
excepted), and palpi flavous. Densely clothed with long ashen-
white hair, becoming darker on most of prothorax than
elsewhere, elytra with short and rather dénse suberect, dark
pubescence, and with a few longer pale hairs.
Head densely granulate-punctate; clypeus with sides and
apex incurved. Antennae apparently eight-, club three-jointed.
Prothorax rather strongly convex ; with punctures as on head.
Elytra with suboblong, asperate punctures in irregular
(semidouble) rows, alternate interstices somewhat elevated.
Hind parts with dense and rather large but shallow punctures.
Front tibiae with two strong apical teeth, and a small one near
base, basal joint of hind tarsi very short. Length, 5-55 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (S. H. Curnow).
Type, I. 4587.
In Blackburn’s table would be associated with funereus
and striatupenmis, from the former distinguished by its larger
size and hind tarsi, etc., and from the descripion of the latter
by the complete absence of abdominal scales. On funereus the
second joint of the hind tarsi is scarcely more than twice the
length of the first, and the length (excluding the claws) of
the fifth; on the present species the second joint is about
thrice the iength of the first, and distinctly longer than the
fifth. The elytra are obscurely diluted with red about the
apex, they are without a conspicuous sexual brand on any of
the four specimens before me, but on two of them the summit
of the apical slope of each elytron has a shining interrupted
space that may be remnants of brands; the elytra of these
specimens, however, are quite as dark as those of the others,
and I can find no other distinctions likely to be sexual.
AUTOMOLUS TRIDENTIFRONS, Nn. sp.
Pl. xxxvii., fig. 146.
Black; elytra bright-castaneous, but base and suture
somewhat infuscated, antennae (club excepted), palpi, and
(20) Qne of these was standing with specimens of depressus
in Blackburn’s collection, but the punctures of the hind parts
readily distinguish it from the females of that species, apart
altogether from the sexual brands.
560
tarsi more or less reddish. Clothed with stout, white,
depressed hair or setae, longer and denser on the under-
surface than on the upper, where it is almost evenly
distributed, except that on the elytra it has a subgeminate
appearance, and that there are some longer fringing hairs;
hind parts with dense subsquamose clothing.
Head coarsely granulate-punctate; sides of clypeus
oblique, front acutely tridentate. Antennae apparently eight-,
club three-jointed. Prothorax granulate-punctate, the
punctures of moderate size and not very close together. Llytra
with irregular rows of punctures, a small granule behind
each; a transverse, shining, interrupted space across summit
of apical slope. Hind parts with dense but more or
less concealed punctures. Front trae with a strong and
acute apical tooth, a smaller submedian one, and a very small
one near base; basal joint of hind tarsi scarcely half the
length of second. Length, 44-45 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Ankertell (H. W. Brown).
Type, I. 4584.
A shining species that in Blackburn’s table would be
associated with pygmaeus, from which it differs in its con-
spicuously tridentate clypeus; opaculus has the clypeus
tridentate, but less acutely than on the present species, its
prothorax is very differently sculptured, clothing of hind parts
sparser and considerably finer, and feminine brands much
more conspicuous. The clothing of the hind parts is almost
squamose in character, on the upper-surface the setae are
thinner but still fairly stout. Of the four specimens before
me three are apparently females, and of these two have a
vague greenish gloss on the pronotum, the third has the
elytra with the margins (as well as the base and suture)
infuscated; the fourth specimen is apparently a male (in
Automolus the female is the more distinctive sex of the
species), and has the elytra and antennae entirely black, the
upper-surface much less shining, with thinner and denser
(although not longer) and mostly black or blackish clothing,
the pygidium with finer clothing (scarcely even setae) and
the clothing on the under-surface rather thinner and less .
dense.
AUTOMOLUS PROPYGIDIALIS, nN. Sp.
Pl; xxxvit., fig 147.
Black ; elytra, legs, antennae (club excepted), and palpi
more or less castaneous, abdomen darker, with moderately
long, pale, and rather dense clothing, shorter on hind parts,
and darker on middle of pronotum than elsewhere.
Head with dense asperate punctures; clypeus with sides
oblique and lightly incurved, apex truncate. Antennae
561
apparently eight-, club three-jointed. Prothorax with large,
shallow, rugulose punctures, the interspaces with fine punc-
tures. Hlytra with irregular punctures, the interstices
irregular and finely wrinkled. Hind parts with dense, sub-
granulate punctures; propygidium very large, the pygidium
small. Front tabvae with a strong and acute apical tooth, a
small one near apex and a very feeble one near base. Length,
4} mm. :
* Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt).
Type (unique), I. 7868. |
Allied to humilis, with which it would be associated in
Blackburn’s table, but clothing of pronotum considerably
denser and longer (although still depressed), the prothoracic
punctures are rather larger and sparser (but considerably
smaller than on pygmaeus, which also has a much smaller
propygidium) ; the type is probably a female (its elytra are
reddish), and if so a small shining space at the middle near
the apex of each elytron is the sexual brand, which is very
much smaller, and in a different position to the feminine
brand of humilis; granulatus is a considerably larger species,
with shorter clothing, the feminine brand very conspicuous,
and the male with black elytra. The pronotum is not as dark
as the head, but is darker than the abdomen, which to the
naked eye appears almost black; only a small part of its
clothing is darker than the rest, but it is probably variable.
AUTOMOLUS BRUNNEUS, N. sp.
Blackish-brown or dark brown; head (except in front)
black; legs, antennae (club excepted), and palpi paler.
Clothed with moderately dense pubescence.
Head with fairly large and deep but not crowded punc-
tures ; clypeus with oblique feebly incurved sides, apex widely
truncated. Antennae apparently eight-, club three-jointed.
Prothorax with rather dense, subasperate punctures. Hlytra
with irregular semidouble rows of not very large and somewhat
asperate punctures; interstices nowhere conspicuously
elevated. Hind parts with punctures much as on pronotum,
rather larger on pygidium than on propygidium. Front tzbiae
strongly bidentate at apex, and with a small subbasal tooth ;
basal joint of hind tarsi much shorter than second. Length,
34-41 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (F. P. Dodd). Type,
I. 7866.
The clothing of the head and prothorax is rather dense,
but as it is not erect it seems better to refer the species to
AA, BBB, than to AA, B, of Blackburn’s table; but it does
not fit well there, the prothoracic punctures are smaller and
562
denser than on pygmaeus, but rather larger than on the other
species of BB (except evanescens); the propygidium is not
enormous as on the species of DD, and the clypeus is sharply
truncated in front, not rounded as on evanescens; or triden-
tate as on opaculus. All the species of AA, B, C, are
considerably larger, except funereus, which is a deep black
species with very different clothing, and pictus, from the
description of which it differs in many particulars of colour
and sculpture. The three specimens before me all differ
slightly in colour, this in general being of a very dark-brown,
with the abdomen (and elytra or not) obscurely paler; on the
under-surface the clothing is mostly of a dingy-white; on the
upper-surface of one specimen it is not much darker, but on
the others it is considerably darker (almost black in parts), in
general, however, it has an ashen appearance.
These specimens are presumably males (they certainly
have no sexual brand on the elytra); two others are possibly
females of the species, they have the elytra more coarsely
sculptured, with the alternate interstices conspicuous, and
with a small irregular shining space (presumably the sexual
brand) near the apex of each, club of the antennae consider-
ably smaller, abdomen rather more convex, pygidium larger
and propygidium smaller, clothing stouter (this is notably
the case on the hind parts), that on the elytra blackish (except
at the base, suture, and apex), and that of the pronotum
more conspicuously vaniegated, being pale except on a rather
distinct medio-basal space, where it is almost black.
PSEUDORYCTES SEMICALVUS, Ni. sp.
Plo xxxvs) fies 64 65:
3. Bright-castaneous, some of the projecting parts
darker. Densely clothed with rusty-red hair, elytra and apical
half of pygidium glabrous.
Head flattened and with small punctures between eyes;
clypeus almost vertical, and with conspicuously elevated
margins, especially in front; mentum narrow and conspicuous.
Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, rami of club about as long
as inner part of front tibiae. Prothorax with a somewhat
flattened excavation for more than half its width, the excava-
tion marked on each side by a strong pointed horn (curved
inwards at its tip), the middle of the apex with another but
smaller and more acute curved horn, produced over head;
with dense, partially concealed punctures. Scutellum
with similar punctures to pronotum. J#lytra distinctly
wider than prothorax, sutural and marginal striae well-
defined, the others feeble; with irregular series of sparse and
mostly small punctures. Pygidium with dense punctures
:
563
beneath hair, sparse ones elsewhere. Spurs to hind tibiae long,
wide, unequal, and obtuse. Length 24-27 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, 1. 7823.
_ The simple medio-frontal prothoracic horn associates this
species with monstrosus, but that species has the prothoracic
cavity much less densely clothed (to the naked eye it appears
glabrous) and the horns much longer, elytra darker, etc. ; the
clothing on the pronotum and scutellum is almost as dense as
on the under-surface, it is even fairly dense on the back parts
of the horns, but their front parts are glabrous. Six specimens
were obtained at lights..
PSEUDORYCTES GRISEOPILOSUS, N. sp.
Bice fos 57.
3. Black; parts of legs somewhat paler, antennae
eastaneous. Densely clothed with greyish hair, but elytra
and apical half of pygidium glabrous.
Head with fairly numerous punctures; clypeus almost
vertical, semicircular, margins strongly elevated, especially
the hind one; mentum moderately prominent. Antennae
ten-, club three-jointed, its rami unusually large. Prothorax
with a wide, deep, median excavation, bounded on each side
and in front by a strong, curved, simple horn, the front one
projecting over head; with numerous, rather small, partially
concealed punctures. Hlytra very little wider than widest part
of prothorax, sutural and marginal striae deep, the others
rather shallow but containing rows of rather large punctures,
which become sparse or absent posteriorly. Spurs to hind
ttbiae moderately long, unequal, and rather sharply pointed.
Length, 12 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Wirrabara. Type (unique), I.
7821.
The mentum is more swollen than is usual in Cavonus,
and less than in Psewdoryctes, and the club of the antennae
is larger than usual in either genus (quite as large as on most
species of Corynophyllus); but as the prothoracic cavity is
filled with hair the species has been referred to Pseudoryctes.
PSEUDORYCTES NIGRIPENNIS, Nn. sp.
EE xe dress 706 (71.
3. Bright-castaneous; elytra and part of head black.
Rather densely clothed with reddish hair, but elytra and
apical two-thirds of pygidium glabrous.
Head almost impunctate; clypeus almost vertical, semi-
circular and rather deeply concave; mentum prominent.
Antennae ten-, club three-jointed ; rami of club about as long
as head is wide. Prothorax with a wide and deep median
064
excavation, on each side of which is a long, strong, suberect
horn, front strongly produced into a bifid horn; punctures
rather sparse and small. Llytra subquadrate, the width of
base of prothorax; sutural and marginal striae well-defined,
the others feeble but’ containing well-defined rows (sub-
geminately arranged) of rather small but deep punctures.
Pygidium impunctate, except at base. Spurs to hind ¢zbiae
long, stout, unequal, and obtuse. Length, 13-16 mm.
Hab.—Southern Queensland (H. H. D. Griffith, from
F. P. Dodd), Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle). Type, I. 7830.
Allied to tectus, but much smaller and with black
elytra. The clypeal cavity varies considerably in depth and
the prothoracic horns in size; on the largest specimen each
of the suberect horns if inclined inwards would touch the base
of its fellow, and the frontal one is directed well over the
head with each of its wings considerably wider than the
clypeus; on the smallest specimen each suberect horn if
inclined inwards would scarcely extend more than half-way to
the base of its fellow, and the wings of the frontal horn are
feeble, the distance between their tips being considerably less
than the width of the clypeus. I have also seen a specimen,
from the Alice River, in Mr. H. W. Brown’s collection.
PSEUDORYCTES ATER, 0. sp.
Pl. xxxv., figs... 55, (56.
3. Deep black and shining. Lower-surface, legs, and
most of pygidium with black hair, upper-surface glabrous.
| Head with irregularly distributed punctures; clypeus
vertical, almost transversely-elliptic, deeply concave; mentum —
prominent and rather thin. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed,
the rami almost as long as the distance across the eyes. Pro-
thorax with a deep excavation for more than half its width,
each side of it marked by a long, strong, suberect horn, having
a small projection at about its middle, front produced well
over head and very widely bifurcated ; excavation with short,
transverse, subvermiculate excayations, elsewhere with irregu- —
larly distributed punctures. Hlytra subquadrate, scarcely
wider than prothorax; with almost regular rows of large
punctures in deep striae, but becoming irregular posteriorly.
Pygidium with irregular punctures, almost absent from a
space near apex, but dense at base. Spurs to hind ¢7bzae long,
subparallel-sided, obtusely pointed and unequal. Length, 18-
20 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7822.
Apparently allied to sulcatus, but differs from the
description of that species in being black, and with large
sublateral prothoracic horns.
565
PSEUDORYCTES VALIDUS, Nn. sp.
PR xxee fies!) 62y)63.
3. Black; parts of under-surface and of legs castaneous.
Upper-surface glabrous, lower-surface, legs, and upper parts
of pygidium with dense, somewhat reddish hair.
Head almost impunctate, rather deeply concave between
eyes; clypeus semicircular, deeply concave; mentum very
prominent. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed. Prothorax
very largely excavated, sides and apex armed; cavity trans-
versely and obliquely strigose, elsewhere with sparse
punctures. Lilytra subquadrate; striation very feeble, with
a distinct row of small punctures in sutural stria, but elsewhere
almost or quite impunctate. Pygidiwm with punctures only
about base. Legs very thick and strong; spurs of hind tibiae
long, parallel-sided, obtusely pointed and unequal. Length,
18-24 mm. |
Hab.—-Queensland: Coen (J. A. Anderson). Type, I.
2278. |
Belongs to the same section ,of the genus as dispar,
mullerianus, and turritus, from the two latter distinguished
by its entirely black upper-surface, and from the former by
its compound medio-frontal horn of pronotum, smooth elytra,
etc. The size:and armature of the prothorax vary considerably
on the three specimens before me; on the type its greatest
width is considerably more than that of the elytra, but on the
smallest specimen its width is equal to that of the elytra; the
cavity is so large that, on the largest specimen, the distance
between the tips of the lateral projections is equal to the width
of the elytra; the lateral projections appear to be acutely
elevated parts of the sides, from the base each curves forward
till becoming vertical, at the middle of its front face there is
a transverse cavity, emarginate in front; the median projection
of the largest specimen overhangs and passes the head, with
its tip notched so as to appear bifid from behind, and V or
_Y shaped from in front; on the smallest specimen it does not
pass the head, and its point is almost simple.
PSEUDORYCTES SEMICRUDUS, Nn. sp.
Po ie Ky tes sOGr OF
3. Black; elytra bright-red, parts of under-surface and
of legs reddish. Upper-surface glabrous, under-surface, legs,
and upper parts of pygidium with dense, reddish hair.
Head with fairly numerous punctures, rather deeply |
concave between eyes; clypeus semicircular, deeply concave,
and vertical; mentum very prominent. Antennae ten-, club
three-jointed ; rami almost as long as head is wide. Prothorax
566
with a wide and deep excavation, sides and apex armed;
cavity transversely strigose, sides with scattered punctures.
Elytra subquadrate, narrower than widest part of prothorax ;
sutural stria well-defined and with irregular punctures,
elsewhere striation and punctures very feeble or absent.
Pygidium with punctures only about base. Legs very powerful ;
spurs of hind tibiae very long, thin, acutely pointed, and
subequal. Length, 17-20 mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Melville Island (W. D.
Dodd)... Types te -22749: :
Readily distinguished from all previously described
species ‘by its striking colours, these being alike on six
specimens taken by Mr. Dodd. Structurally it is allied to the
preceding species, and the cavity of the prothorax is much
the same, but the lateral projections are less exaggerated, and
the depression on the front face of each is larger, the medio-
apical projection extends well over the head, and its tip is
conspicuously notched, so that from in front it appears like
a V or U, directly from behind it appears acutely bifid ; the
transverse carina, marking the hind margin of the clypeus,
is sometimes quite as strongly elevated as the front margin,
but is sometimes less than half its height.
PSEUDORYCTES TRIFIDUS, Blackb.
Pl, xxxv;, figs. 58-61. 98
Several males of this species were taken by Mr. H.
Hardcastle at Cunnamulla (Queensland) ; of these a small one
(fig. 61) differs from the normal form in having the frontal
horn of the prothorax smaller and bifid. A female has the
prothorax wide flattened and unarmed, the head with the
clypeal cavity much smaller, and the club of the antennae
only about half the size of that of the male.
PSEUDORYCTES MONSTROSUS, Blackb. (pl. xxxv., figs. 49,
50).
P. MULLERIANUS, White (pl. xxxv., fig. 51).
P. Turritus, Macl. (pl. xxxv., figs. 52-54).
P. pispaR, Sharp (pl. xxxv., figs. 68, 69).
P. rectus, Blackb., Ooldea (pl. xxxv., figs. 47, 48).
Illustrations of these species are given for purposes of
comparison.
The males of this fine genus (except sulcatus, unknown
to me, but certainly allied to ater) may be tabulated as
follows :—
A. Prothoracic cavity entirely glabrous.
a. Elytra coarsely sculptured... ........ ... ater
aa. Elytra finely sculptured.
b. Elytra bright red ... 3... 4. 0.) Seq
bb. Elvtra black ned (Rae eae a
a
’
”.
Pe owt, a a Ah eget ti
567
AA. Prothoracic cavity not entirely glabrous
(usually densely clothed).
B. Lateral projections of prothorax not simple.
¢. Apical projection of prothorax bifid ... turritus
ce. Apical ee alee
de Black ... fe) DAS BAR EAU Tene Sot RS oY
dd. Reddish... . mullerianus
‘BB. Lateral projections: of prothorax simple.
C. Apical projection of eae cae
femiyura reddish ...° ... Lies SENICHLUIUS
ee. Elytra black.
f. Pronotum red and sparsely clothed .... monstrosus
ff. Pronotum black and densely clothed griseopilosus
CC. Apical projection of prothorax not
simple.
D. Apical projection trifid(@l) ... ... ... trifidus
DD. Apical projection bifid.
KE. Elytra black ... yee yA? Wud TEDENNIS
eerrivina reddish «... 9... ... i... tectus
CAVONUS ACUTIFRONS, 0. sp.
Pi oeexd ye, «ite. 29.
d. Black and shining. Upper-surface glabrous; under-
surface, legs, and upper part of pygidium with dense black
hair.
Head transversely impressed and with numerous punc-
tures between eyes; clypeus large semicircular, margins rather
strongly elevated and undulating; mentum not very con-
spicuous. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, seventh joint
very thin, rami of club about as long as head is wide.
Prothorax with a large and deep cavity bounded by a
conspicuous horn on each side and in front, the cavity with
transverse striae, elsewhere with punctures, becoming crowded
in front. SHlytra scarcely wider than prothorax, slightly
longer than wide; with rows of large punctures in well-defined
striae, the second and third rows on each elytron widely
separated from about the base to near the middle. Pygidiwm
with crowded punctures about base, smooth, and, almost
impunctate elsewhere. Spurs of hind tebiae stout and
unequal. Length, 12 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I. 7820.
The size of parvus, but excavation of prothorax larger
and with a tubercle on each side of it, clothing of under-
surface black, etc. ; armatus has prothorax somewhat similarly
armed, but the clothing of its under-surface is not black, and
the elytral punctures and striae are very different; sculp-
turatus (also from Ooldea) was described as being considerably
(21)On a rare variety of trifidus the projection is bifid, but
the species is otherwise abundantly distinct from tectus and’
nigripennis.
568
larger, and with different clothing on the under-surface.
Neocavonus niger and Phylliocephala nigrohirta have some-
what similar clothing, but are structurally very different.
The prothoracic cavity occupies fully half of the disc, the
tubercle on each side of it is fairly large and acute, and
projects slightly backwards, the apical tubercle is somewhat
larger, more acute, curved, and projects well over the head.
Cavonus parvus, Blackb.
| Pl xxativ.,) figs: 30,7 ae-
This species varies considerably in size, the largest male
in the Museum is 21 mm. in length; two specimens of the
species were taken from nests of a soldier-ant (Myrmecia) at
Port Lincoln.
CAVONUS ARMATUS, Sharp.
Pl sxxity., fies 2h
Males and females of this species in the Museum, both
vary in length from 14 to 22 mm.
ANEURYSTYPUS PACHYPUS, Ni. sp.
3. Bright-castaneous; head somewhat darker and
opaque. Under-surface, legs, and pygidium with dense,
rusty-red hair; upper-surface glabrous, except for some long
hairs in gutters of pronotum. }
Head with coarse, crowded punctures between eyes,
becoming smaller and less crowded towards base, and absent
from a small medio-basal, polished space; clypeus with sides
and apex strongly rounded and elevated, suture well defined,
punctures at base as behind the suture, but becoming much
smaller in front. Antennae ten-, club three-jomted, rami
rather narrow, but slightly longer than head is wide. Pro-
thorax scarcely twice as wide as long, evenly convex, not
excavated or tuberculate in front, sides strongly rounded,
angles rounded off ; with fairly numerous distinct but not very
large punctures becoming somewhat larger and more numerous
onsides. Hlytra slightly wider than prothorax ; with somewhat
irregular rows of distinct (but usually not very large) punc-
tures, usually in striae, these in places having a tendency to
become geminate, punctures about apex crowded and irregular.
Pygidium with crowded but partially concealed punctures.
Hind tibiae very short and strongly dilated to apex, spurs
stout and very unequal; claws long and thin. Length, 11-13
mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea, Type, I. 7827.
The unarmed prothorax.and small size associate this
species with /aetus, from the description of which it differs very
considerably in the punctures of its head and pygidium, and
569
in the clothing of its pronotum; the mentum is intermediate
in prominence between that of dives and aurilegulus. The
antennae are of normal form for the genus, but the hind tibiae
are unsually short and wide. The clothing of the lateral
gutters of the pronotum is as in Blackburn’s Group 2, of
Haplonycha (ante, 1906, p. 292), whilst the apical joint of
the maxillary palpi is as in his Group 3; in fact there is quite
a strong resemblance of this species to H. mauricei, originally
described from Ooldea; the resemblance, of course, is only
superficial, as the antennae, mouth parts, and legs, etc., are
all very different.
ANEURYSTYPUS PILOSICOLLIS, Nn. sp.
é. Bright-castaneous, some parts darker. Under-
surface, legs, and pygidium with dense, long, stramineous
hair, elytra (except for the marginal fringes and for a few
hairs at base) glabrous, rest of upper-surface moderately
clothed.
_ Head coarsely and irregularly sculptured between eyes,
but becoming smooth towards base; clypeus with front and —
sides rounded and strongly elevated, the latter abruptly
truncated at base, suture deep, punctures rather small and
irregular. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, rami rather thin
but as long as head is wide. Prothorax more than twice as
wide as long, sides rather strongly rounded, angles rounded
off, front neither excavated nor tuberculate; punctures
moderately large and unevenly distributed. Hlytra slightly
wider than prothorax; punctures and striae much as on
preceding species. Pygidiuwm and legs much as on that species.
Length, 9-10 mm. -
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7828.
The clothed and unarmed pronotum, densely clothed
pygidium, and very short hind tibiae, readily distinguish
this from all previously described species, except the preceding,
from which it differs in being smaller, sculpture of the head
more irregular, mentum much more prominent, prothorax
with coarser punctures and its clothing not confined to the
gutters, but scattered about on the disc as well; the mentum
is very prominent, in this respect being second only to that of
pauxitlus. The three specimens before me all have the basal
half of the head almost black, and they all have the suture
and outer apical parts of the elytra infuscated; two have the
scutellum darker than the adjacent parts of elytra, and one
of these has the prothorax rather deeply infuscated. On the
head between the eyes the clothing is shorter and sparser than
on the pronotum. |
570
ANEURYSTYPUS INERMICOLLIS, n. sp.
3. Bright-castaneous. Under-surface and legs with
dense, rusty-red hair; upper-surface glabrous; pygidium |
sparsely clothed on upper-sides, elsewhere glabrous.
Head with irregular punctures between eyes; clypeus
rather elongate, apex and sides strongly elevated, the latter
deflected outwards at base to touch the ocular canthi, basal
carina well elevated and somewhat sinuous, ‘punctures rather
small and fairly numerous. Antennae ten-, club three-
jointed, seventh joint very thin, rami much larger than usual
in the genus. /Prothorax not twice as wide as long, sides
strongly rounded, front angles produced, the hind ones rounded
off, front neither excavated nor tuberculate ; punctures sparse
and minute, but becoming somewhat larger. towards base.
Hlytra slightly wider than prothorax; sutural and lateral
striae distinct but somewhat irregular, the others very feeble,
punctures moderately large but irregular, rather sparse except
on apical slope. Pygidiwm with crowded and irregular
punctures about base, sparse and small elsewhere. Hind tibiae
moderately long, spurs long and unequal ; claws long, thin, and
equal. Length, 15 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Denial Bay (Dr. C. T. Abbott).
Type (unique)... 1. 7826.
The only previously described species (except the two pre-
ceding ones) whose male has the prothorax unarmed is /aevrs, (22)
from the description of which the present species differs
in being larger, in having the punctures of the clypeus smaller
than in pawanllus instead of larger, and in other details of
punctures. The club of the antennae is considerably larger
than in other species of the genus and approaches that of
Corynophyllus, but the mentum is more prominent than on
that genus. In Aneurystypus the mentum varies considerably,
being very prominent in pauxillus, not quite so prominent in
richardsae, still less prominent in calvus and aurilegulus, and
slightly less so in dives, on which species it is much as on the
present one. The punctures between the eyes are not very
dense, close to the eyes they are small, simple, and fairly
numerous, but in the middle they are smaller, and often two
or three are transversely conjoined to appear like short striae.
On close examination much of the surface of the prothorax
and elytra is seen to be very finely shagreened. On the type
the side of each elytron near the base has a small and peculiar
notch, but this may be individual rather than specific.
(22) Bxcluding collaris, which has been transferred to Saulo-
stomus, of the Rutelides, on account of its uneven claws. J am
very dubious if the transfer was justified, despite the claws.
te
*
ee ee
571
CHEIROPLATYS EXCAVATUS, N. Sp.
Pl. xxxiv., figs. 37-39.
d. Black and highly polished, under-surface obscurely
diluted with red. Upper-surface and pygidium glabrous,
under-surface with long, reddish-brown bristles.
Head with close reticulate sculpture, becoming transverse
on clypeus; clypeus with sides strongly, obliquely narrowed
from base to apex, which is narrow and truncate, with a
narrow gutter along apex and sides. Antennae ten-, club
three-jointed, seventh joint very thin; rami of club about the
length of clypeus. Prothorax scarcely one-fourth wider than
long, sides strongly rounded, apex not half the width of base,
fronf angles produced, hind ones rounded off, disc very largely
excavated, middle of apex tuberculate ; excavation with narrow
sinuous markings, sides at apex densely punctate, elsewhere
with sparse and small punctures. //ytra the width of pro-
thorax; smooth and impunctate or almost so, sutural and
lateral striae narrow and well-defined, the others absent or
very feeble. Pygidiwm very finely shagreened, with dense
punctures on upper sides, and a transverse connecting row.
Abdomen with apical segment depressed and punctate towards
base, near apex with a transverse row of bristles (and a similar
row on pygidium), a narrow deep impression behind each row.
Front tibiae strongly and very obtusely tridentate; four hind
tarsi with basal joint strongly dilated externally. Length
(do, Q), 23-26 mm.
Q. Differs in having the prothorax but feebly depressed
in front, the tubercle scarcely defined, and the punctures
simple and more crowded in front.
Hab.—Queensland: South Johnstone River (H. W.
Brown), Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 2329.
The non-tuberculate head and largely excavated prothorax
of the male with a small tubercle in front, are as in Chero-
platys and Isodon; but the smooth elytra and general
appearance are suggestive of Pseudopimelopus, but as the
characters of the head and abdomen, with the teeth of the
front tibiae strongly rounded, are as in Cheiroplatys, I have
referred the species to that genus. The clypeus is traversed
by numerous short costae, many of which are conjoined to
become longer sinuous ones, but behind the suture the
transverse arrangement is less evident. . The middle joint of
the club appears to be double at its apex (causing the club to
appear to be four-jointed there), but its middle and base are
simple. The prothoracic excavation occupies about half its
disc, in front it is flattened out, at its sides and base (which
are somewhat sinuous) its walls are almost vertical, its base
is slightly more distant from the base of the segment than the
572
length of the scutellum; its finer sculpture on some specimens
resembles fine layers of plates, but on others the laminate
arrangement is scarcely evident ; the medio-apical tubercle on
three males is single, on three other males double, the two
nodes placed longitudinally, the hind one upright, the front
one overhanging the head. On one male the prothoracic
excavation is much smaller and shallower than usual, and
only occupies about three-fifths the length of the segment, its
apical tubercle is very small and there are some fairly distinct
punctures on the elytra, with the striation (although feeble)
more evident and distinctly geminate towards the base.
CHEIROPLATYS CASTANEUS, 0. SD.
Pl. mExiy., Hee. Ob;
3. Bright-castaneous and highly polished. Upper-
surface and pygidium glabrous; under-surface and legs with
numerous, but irregularly distributed, reddish bristles.
Head transversely rugose; clypeus with sides strongly
obliquely decreasing in width to apex, which is rather narrow
and finely serrated, its disc with numerous transverse costae ;
mentum rather prominent. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed,
sixth and seventh joints very thin. Prothorax about once
and one-half as wide as long, sides strongly rounded, front
angles obtusely produced, the hind ones rounded off ; dise with
a large flat-bottomed excavation occupying about two-thirds
the width and three-fifths the length of the segment, its front
with an obtuse tubercle; with rather small and not very
numerous punctures, becoming larger and crowded at apex.
Elytra with sutural and lateral striae deep and well defined,
the others rather feeble and geminate in arrangement, with
series of rather small punctures in the striae, but becoming
more numerous and irregular on apex and sides; wrinkled
about shoulders. Pygidiwm with sharply defined and not very
dense punctures, but becoming crowded at basal angles.
Abdomen with apical segment sloping to base, and with
numerous punctures there, a conspicuous row of setae near
apex, and another at tip of pygidium. Front tibiae with
three strongly rounded teeth, spurs to four hind ones wide and
unequal; basal joint of four hind tarsi strongly dilated
externally. Length, 17 mm.
Hab.—Queensland: Cairns district (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 2308.
About the size of juvencus, but more brightly coloured,
excavation wider and flat-bottomed, punctures much smaller
and sparser, elytral sculpture much finer and clypeus different
at apex; the serrations there are nine in number on the type,
ee
FS ar
nt
973
but are probably variable. The punctures in the prothoracic
excavation are sparse and simple.
NOVAPUS ARMATUS, Nl. sp.
Pl. xxxiv., figs. 45, 46.
dg. Dark reddish-brown; head and parts of legs black.
Upper-surface glabrous, under-surface and legs with rather
dense rusty-red hair, upper parts of pygidium with numerous,
rather short, depressed setae, and a few hairs.
Head with coarse crowded punctures; with a strong
suberect horn, slightly bifid at its tip. Antennae ten-, club
three-jointed, ‘seventh joint very thin. Prothorax about one-
fourth wider than long, sides dilated from base to apical third,
and then strongly incurved to apex, apex gently arched, with
the front angles not separately produced, with a large (almost
circular) discal cavity, transversely impressed in its front,
with punctures at its-back, elsewhere with sparse and rather
small punctures, but becoming larger towards base and sides.
Elytra with sutural and lateral striae well-defined, the former
crenulate; with rows (mostly regular) of rather large punc-
tures becoming smaller posteriorly, apex with numerous
smaller punctures. Pygidium with numerous fairly large
punctures, becoming crowded at base. Length, 21-214 mm.
_ Hab.—Western Australia (— Jung), Swan Pieon (Black-
burn’s collection). Type, I. 169.
A specimen of this species was labelled by Mr. Tepper as
Novapus armatus (apparently a manuscript name of the late
Rev. T. Blackburn). It appears to be allied to rugicauda, but
differs from the description of that species in having the base
of the pygidium with a fringe of hair, and most of its surface
with rather large isolated punctures. The prothoracic excava-
tion has outlines much as on crassus, but is shallower and
differently sculptured. The cephalic horn from some
directions appears to be truncate at its tip, but really feebly
bifid.
NOVAPUS ADELAIDAE, Blackb.
fin Sey, oR. a
A female from Ooldea appears to belong to this species,
but is rather larger than usual; the figures are of normal
specimens.
, CRYPTODUS GIGAS, Nn. sp.
Pl. xkxives, cae AD).
3. Blackish; pygidium, parts of under-surface and of
legs more or less obscurely reddish. Upper-surface glabrous
and shining, under-surface sparsely and irregularly clothed.
o74
. ffead with a conpicuous depression in middle and non-
tuberculate; with dense but irregular semicircular punctures ;
clypeus moderately elevated and truncated in front; mentum
large, gently depressed in middle, base obtusely notched for
reception of front process of prosternum, with dense but
irregular semi-circular punctures, an oblique row of long
hairs on each side. Antennae ten-, club three-jointed, basal
joint about twice as long as its apical width, its extended apex
concealing some of the following joints. Prothorax about
once and one-half as wide as long, sides strongly rounded,
front angles produced, basal ones obtuse; with sharply defined
but not very large or dense punctures, but becoming crowded
in gutters; with a shallow and vaguely defined median line.
Hlytra with somewhat irregular rows of rather large, horse-
shoe-shaped punctures, becoming crowded at apex, each
(excluding the suture and margin) with four shining elevated
lines, of which the outer one is rather feeble. Pygidiwm
strongly convex; with crowded punctures except in middle.
Front tarsi with very unequal claws, the inner one thick, with
a large basal appendix, the outer one thin with an acute
appendix. Length, 27 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Bellingen (W. du Boulay).
Type (unique), I. 7819. |
Considerably larger than any previously described. species
except politus, from the description and figure of which it
differs in having the head depressed in middle and non-
tuberculate. The mentum is conspicuously notched, but much
less deeply than is usual in those having it notched.
CRYPTODUS BILOBUS, Nn. sp.
(Pl. xxx eae
Blackish-brown; head and parts of legs black. Upper-
surface glabrous; under-surface sparsely and irregularly
clothed.
Head wtth crowded and irregular punctures, a short
transverse strongly elevated ridge with geminate tubercles
between eyes; clypeus strongly bilobed owing to a deep apical
notch; mentum with numerous rather large punctures,
somewhat concave in front, obtusely notched at base, with a
semicircular marginal row of stiff bristles. Antennae nine-,
club three-jointed, apex of basal joint concealing some of
the following ones. Prothorax about once and one-fourth as
wide as long, widest at about apical third, then gently
incurved posteriorly, then slightly dilated with the basal
angles rounded off, front angles slightly produced, a slight
concavity in middle of apex, with middle of margin slightly
elevated (but not tuberculate) ; with numerous sharply-defined
9075
and rather small punctures on disc (but almost absent along
middle), becoming transverse and larger towards Fie (where
they are crowded and transversely or obliquely confluent), and
more numerous on sides. S/ytra with rather large shallow
punctures, in more or less regular rows, but becoming denser
and irregular on sides and apex, striae shallow. Pygidiuwm
with rather crowded punctures. Basal joint of four hind
tarsi dilated externally, and with several deep notches.
Length, 13-14 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Beverley (F. H. du Boulay).
Type, I. 2262.
The strongly bilobed clypeus and conspicuous geminate
tubercles of head readily distinguish this from all previously
described species of the genus. The claws of the front tarsi
are not distorted on any of the three specimens before me, but
the curious notches on the tarsi are probably indicative that
they are males.
C. CAVICEPS, Westw., Ooldea.
C. PASSALOIDES, Germ., Ooldea.
Isopon PECUARIUS, Reiche., Birkett’s Woolshed. Carra-
weena, Farina, Hergott, Strzelecki Creek.
NEPHRODOPUS ENIGMUS, Sharp, var. NIGER, n. var.
PUA Me XA MOSS, 3/8.
"Some males from the Alligator River (Northern Territory)
agree so closely in sculpture with typical specimens of this
species, that I cannot regard them as representing more than
a variety; they differ, however, in having the upper parts
entirely black, the pygidium and propygidium blackish, and
a greater portion of the legs infuscated.
PSEUDOCAVONUS ANTENNALIS, Blackb.
Plo axxiy.,figs,..34, 35;
Figured for comparison with species of the allied genera.
BUPRESTIDAE.
MERIMNA ATRATA, L. and G.
Numerous specimens of this species were seen on the
hottest days, basking on the extremely hot brick wails of the
baking ovens at Ooldea.
ANILARA PLATESSA, Thoms., Ooldea.
Diapoxus scaLaRis, L. and G., Ooldea, Parachilna.
MELOBASIS CUPREOVITTATA, Saund., Parachilna.
M. nosititata, Thoms., Orroroo.
M. sorpipa, Blackb., Ooldea, Parachilna.
M. speciosa, Blackb., Orroroo, Parachilna.
576
STIGMODERA ATRICOLLIS, Saund.; Cooper Creek.
S. FortnNuMI, Hope, Leigh Creek.
S. HEROS, Gehin., Ooldea.
S. TrB1aLis, Waterh., Ooldea.
GERMARICA LILLIPUTANA, Thoms. (formerly A phanisticus ).
If the expression ‘‘swhtruncata et bracuta’’ applied to the
apex of the elytra of this species means that each elytron has
two apical mucros, I do not know it; but a species that may
be beaten from many kinds of Casuarma in Queensland
(Dalby, Bluff, and Cairns), New South Wales (Sydney, Mitta-
gong, and Whitton), Tasmania (Launceston, Hobart, Beacons-
field, and Swansea), and South Australia (Parachilna and
Ooldea) seems to me (apart from the quoted expression) to
agree with the description. The specimens of it have the sides
of the elytra obliquely narrowed to the tips (on some
appearing obliquely truncate) with each tip acute at the |
suture (this is especially noticeable when the elytra are
separated). On some specimens the sides of the prothorax are
more strongly rounded than on others (possibly a sexual
difference) and Tasmanian ones are somewhat larger than
those from the mainland (a common variation). They all
have a metallic gloss, but this is but little in evidence on some
specimens. The species is certaintly not casuwarinae, from
some co-types of which it differs in being much smaller and
less coarsely sculptured, with the elytra rather more acutely
pointed (although the difference in the tips is not very
striking).
ELATERIDAE.
AGRYPNUS MASTERSI, Macl., Clayton Creek.
CHROSTUS QUADRIFOVEATUS, Cand., Ooldea.
LACON FARINENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
MACROMALOCERA SINUATICOLLIS, Blackb., Ooldea (pl.
EXXvl., figs. 72, 73).
Monocreprpius COMMODUS, Blackb., Cooper Creek.
DASCILLIDAE.
CyrHON LINDENSIS, Blackb., Orroroo.
MALACODERMIDAE.
DASYTES FUSCIPENNIS, Hope, Ooldea.
LAIUS EYRENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
METRIORRHYNCHUS RUFIPENNIS, Fab., Farina, Parachilna
OTe
ie voy t CLERIDAE.
Natauis porcata, Fab., Ooldea.
NECROBIA RUFIPES, DeG., Cooper and Leigh Creeks.
LEMIDIA VARIICOLLIS, Lea.
A specimen of this species was reared from an old gall:
(probably hymenopterous) on a mulga tree at Wookalla; it
has the prothorax as described on a co-type of the species, but
the vitta on each elytron is completely interrupted near the
apex, thus leaving an isolated blackish spot; its femora and
tibiae are entirely pale.
L.. MERIDIONALIS, Lea, Parachilna.
BOSTRYCHIDAE.
BostrycHopsis Jjrsuita, Fab., Carraweena, Clayton
Creek, Kopperamanna, Ooldea, Parachilna.
TENEBRIONIDAE.
ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS, Panz., Ooldea.
HopatRUM COWARDENSE, Blackb., Cooper Creek.
H. LONGICORNE,’ Blackb., Wookalla.
TENEBRIO MOLITOR, Linn., Parachilna.
HypavuLax orcus, Pasc., Ooldea.
BRISES TRACHYNOTOIDES, Pasc., Winbring.
HELAEUS CONJUNCTUS, 0. sp.
PP aexvi., te. .80.
Of a dingy reddish-brown, some parts paler, carinated
parts of prothorax and of elytra shining black. Upper-surface
moderately densely clothed with stout, stramineous setae,
uniform and decumbent on pronotum, subseriately arranged
and suberect 6n elytra.
Head widely concave in front, densely granulate behind
eyes. Prothorax rather long (13 x 94 mm.), disc strongly
convex, and crowned with a strong interrupted ridge; with
numerous small setiferous granules; flanges wide, obliquely
elevated, touching at their tips, with smaller and sparser
granules than on disc, margins not upturned. Scutellum with
an acute projection ‘in front. Hlytra no wider than widest:
part of prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex, surface
shagreened and with small scattered punctures; each witha
conspicuous carina from base, the two subparallel for about
half their length, then converging to summit of apical slope,
and then diverging till each joins in with a conspicuous row
of shining black-tipped granules; suture flat throughout;
flanges not very wide, widest at extreme base, nowhere as
wide as the distance between the carinae, with minute
T
578
setiferous granules ; reflexed margins almost vertical, longitud-
inally concave and finely wrinkled and granulate. Length,
25 mm. ;
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I. 7964.
An elongate-elliptic species allied to squamosus, but
discal carinae of elytra continued to join in with the sublateral
rows of granules (as in ellipticus and moniliferus), median
carina of pronotum different and the elytral margins stronger.
In Carter’s table (2) it would be associated with derbyensis,
from which it differs in having the prothorax narrower, its
carina wider and practically touching apex (its base is curved,
acute, and overhangs the scutellum), elytra more convex,
more parallel-sided, with the flanges wider and their reflexed
edges conspicuously wider.
HELAEUS WAITEI, Nn. sp.
Pl. ‘xxxwi., figs; 465.748
Dull-black ; flanges and parts of appendages more or legs
obscurely reddish-brown. Upper-surface opaque.
Head with small setiferous punctures. Prothorax twice
as wide as long (23 x 11 mm.); disc irregularly depressed and
with an acutely-conical, subbasal tubercle ; punctures extremely
minute ; flanges very wide, at base very much wider than disc,
feebly concave, sloping upwards, and with small but distinct
setiferous punctures, tips widely crossed, reflexed margins
almost vertical. Hlytra slightly wider than long (254 x 234
mm.), with numerous small punctures and scarcely visible
granules, uear flanges each with a very feeble and non-
granulate elevation, suture narrowly carinated; flanges very
wide, especially at base, with numerous small but fairly
distinct granules, reflexed margins at base as on prothorax,
but gradually decreasing till at the tips the flanges are simple.
Length, 29-35 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea, Winbring. Type, I.
7963.
Proportionately wider and with wider flanges than any
other species of Group 1, known to me, the elytral granules
(on the disc) are also extremely faint (not visible to the naked
eye). In Blackburn’s table (ante, 1899, p. 37), it would be
associated with ingens, from which it differs in being consider-
ably wider, with wider flanges (on this species each elytral
flange at the extreme base is distinctly wider than the
intervening space), and by the entire absence of granules
from the vague elevation on each elytron just before the
flange; on two co-types of ingens these granules, although
(23) Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1910, p. 93.
079
small, are acute and quite distinct to the naked eye. On one
specimen the base of the head (behind the eyes) is exposed,
and is seen to be densely covered with minute granules. A
specimen of this species was in the Blackburn collection as
ingens (see the following note).
HELAEUS INGENS, Blackb.
This species was described as from the McDonnell Ranges,
and there are two co-types in the Blackburn collection. In the.
original description the elytra were noted as ‘‘obsoletissime
quadricostato (costa externa quam ceterae paulo fortiori et
granulis conicis sat validis armata).’’ Subsequently, when
dealing with the beetles of the Horn expedition, Blackburn
identified three Tempe Downs specimens as belonging to
angens; two of these are presumably in the National (Mel-
bourne) Museum, the third is before me and is not ingens (it
is entirely without the sublateral._ row of granules on each
elytron) but the species described above as wattet.
H. aripus, Blackb., Ooldea (pl. xxxvi., fig. 78).
H. Faucatus, Pasc., Ooldea.
H. rnTER1oRIs, Macl., Museum Expedition (pl. xxxvi.,
me To).
H. princeps, Hope, Wookalla.
PTEROHELAEUS BULLATUS, Pasc., Orroroo.
P. piceus, Kirby, Ooldea.
P. vicaRius, Pasc., Knob, Lakes Crossing.
SARAGUS CONVEXIUSCULUS, Macl., Parachilna.
S. LAEVICOLLIS, Oliv., Orroroo.
S. PpAscoEI, Macl., Ooldea (pl. xxxvi., fig. 74).
ONOSTERRHUS OOLDENSIS, Cart., Ooldea (4) (pl. xxxvi.,
fig. 75).
AMARYGMUS AEGER, Blackb., Ooldea.
, CHALCOPTERUS EREMITUS, Blackb., Parachilna.(24)
. EYRENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
. Fastuosus, Germ., Parachilna.
FERVENS, Germ., Farina, Ooldea, Parachilna (4),
. PALMERSTONI, Blackb., Ooldea (24.
o)
POLYCHROMUS, Pasc., Parachilna (24).
PURPUREUS, Germ., Parachilna (24).
DELIUM SIMPLEX, Blackb., Ooldea.
C
C
C
C
C
CISTELIDAE.
APELLATUS LATERALIS, Boh., Farina (24),
Homorrysis CARBONARIUS, Germ., Parachilna.
H. TENEBRIOIDES, Blackb., Cooper Creek, Ooldea (24).
(24) For these names we fia indebted to Mr. H. J. Carter.
T2
580
ANTHICIDAE.
ANTHICUS SEMIPUNCTATUS, N. sp. e
3. Reddish-brown; appendages paler, abdomen blackish
except at base, elytra obscurely fasciate. Moderately clothed
with short, whitish pubescence, the elytra in addition with
some longer, suberect. hairs.
Head rather convex, with sparse punctures; base bilobed
just before neck. Eyes rather large and prominent. Antennae
rather thin, extending to about middle coxae. Prothoraz
long, thin, and strongly convex, about twice as wide near
apex as at the subbasal constriction, non-tuberculate at base ;
with small, scattered punctures. Hlytra long, rather thin,
and lightly convex, at base about twice the width of prothorax,
sides feebly dilated to about the middle; with dense and
rather coarse punctures, subseriately arranged, but suddenly
becoming much smaller and sparser beyond the middle. Sterna
with punctures somewhat smaller but otherwise as on base of
elytra. Legs long; four hind femora subpedunculate; hind
tibiae with a small acute tooth on the inner side about the
middle; basal joint of hind tarsi lightly curved, almost as
long as the rest combined. Length (¢, 9), 34-33 mm.
Q. Differs in having somewhat shorter legs and simple
hind tibiae. ?
Hab.—South Australia: Birkett’s Woolshed, Petermorra
Spring (Museum Expedition), Oodnadatta, Leigh Creek
(Blackburn’s collection), Murray River (H. 8S. Cope),
Karoonda to Peebinga (G. E. H. Wright); Queensland:
Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle), Winton (A. M. Lea); Western
Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown), Geraldton (Lea); North-
western Australia: Derby (W. D. Dodd). Type, I. 7961.
In some respects close to wollastonz, but narrower, elytra
with coarser and sparser punctures on basal half, suddenly
becoming much smaller and sparser (practically absent) on an
obscurely defined post-median fascia (this fascia is rather
wide and complete, and on some specimens almost black, but
it is not at all sharply defined on its front edge, the tips
beyond it, however, are much paler—on some specimens
almost flavous ; on wollastoni the punctures evenly decrease in
size posteriorly, and the markings are different; on the median
fascia of rectifasciatus, confertus, and gawleri, the punctures
are also sharply defined. On some specimens the hind femora
are infuscated; on many females no part of the abdomen is
blackish.
ANTHICUS XEROPHILUS, 0. sp.
Reddish-flavous, legs paler, abdomen infuscated or black
towards the apex; elytra with two transverse spots almost
581
meeting on suture, and the tips black or blackish, clothed
with extremely short, pale, depressed pubescence.
Head moderately wide and lightly convex; with small
scattered punctures; base feebly bilobed above neck. Eyes
rather large and prominent. Antennae rather long and thin,
passing middle coxae. /rothorax rather flat, slightly
longer than the greatest width, which is near apex and
about once and one-half the width of base, sides constricted
near base, a narrow transverse impression at base ; with dense
and small punctures. Hlytra about twice the width of base
_ of prothorax, sides feebly dilated to middle; with crowded
and small but sharply defined punctures, gradually
becoming smaller posteriorly. Legs long and thin; basal
joint of hind tarsi almost as long as the rest’ combined.
Length, 21-23 mm.
Hab. Eugouth Australia: Oodnadatta (Blackburn’s collec-
tion); Queensland: Cunnamulla (H. Hardcastle); Western
Australia: Geraldton (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 7962.
In general appearance very close to paululus, but with
much denser and quite sharply defined (although small)
elytral punctures; monzlis, to which also it looks very close,
is rather more convex, with slightly larger and sparser
punctures, and less prominent eyes; there are also several
closely allied but at present undescribed species. The median
spots on the elytra are rather wide near the sides (which they
do not touch) and are narrowed and diluted towards the
suture (across which they never seem to meet); the derm
between the median and apical spots is sometimes quite as
pale as the legs; on some specimens there is a slight infuscation
about the scutellum.
ANTHICUS AUSTRALIS, King, var.
Some specimens from Oodnadatta, Leigh Creek, Murray
River, and Grange, appear to belong to this species, but differ
from the typical form in having the pale elytral fasciae much
larger; on the normal form of australis the pale post-median
fascia is considerably shorter than the black median portion
(at most one-third the length), and is about half the length
of the black apical portion; but on eight specimens of this
variety the pale postmedian fascia near the suture is fully as
long (on some specimens it is decidedly longer) as the black
median portion and distinctly longer than the black apical
portion ; the pale subbasal fascia is also much larger than on
the typical form; the head on most of these specimens has a
narrow (but. distinct) shining median line, that is absent from
the typical form.
582
ANTHICUS POSTICALIS, Lea.
Three specimens from Oodnadatta differ from the types
of this species in having the prothorax of a rather bright
red, and the head not much darker.
. FLORALIS, Payk., Ooldea.
. INGLORIUS, Lea, Strzelecki Creek.
. KREUSLERI, King, Oodnadatta.
. MASTERSI, King, Leigh Creek.
. MELANCHOLICUS, Lea, Hergott, Leigh Creek, Lake
Callabonna, Port Augusta.
. MONILIS, King, Oodnadatta, Ooldea.
. MyRTEUS, King, Leigh Creek, Oodnadatta.
. uNIFASCIATUS, King, Leigh Creek, Oodnadatta.
. WOLLASTONI, King, Birkett’s Woolshed, Farina, Her-
gott, Mount Painter, Oodnadatta, Trinity.
FoRMICOMUS QUADRIMACULATUS, King, Parachilna.
MECYNOTARSUS AMABILIS, Lea, Mount Painter.
RHIPIDOPHORIDAE.
EMENADIA NIGROAPICALIS, Lea.
E. NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, Gerst.
Specimens of these remarkable insects were obtained on
the remarkable flower Dicrastylis Beveridges 2).
CURCULIONIDAE.
MYLLOCERUS MULTIMACULATUS, Lea.
Three specimens (probably females) from Strzelecki Creek
appear to belong to this species, but differ from the types in
having the elytral spots less conspicuous and antennae and
legs thinner than those of the female, and conspicuously
thinner than those of the male.
PrePrr rrp Pp
MYLLOCERUS SQUAMICORNIS, Lea.
A specimen from Ooldea appears to belong to this species
but differs from the type in having the head rather more
convex in front of the eyes, and the elytra with numerous
small infuscated spots.
\
MYLLOCERUS TATEI, Blackb.
Beaten in abundance from Dodonaea viscosa near Ooldea.
MYLLOCERUS RUGICOLLIS, Lea.
On the male of this species the femora are unusually stout
and strongly dentate, and the front trochanters are each
armed, with a small spine.
583
MYLLOCERUS DARWINI, Blackb.
Three specimens from the Daly River (Northern Terri-
tory) are structurally so close to darwinz that I cannot regard
them as representing more than a variety of that species, but
their legs and antennae are almost entirely red. |
Another specimen from the Daly River apparently
represents another variety ; it has the appendages partly dark,
but the scales entirely white or whitish.
MYLLOCERUS QUADRICOLOR, DN. Sp.
Black, appendages reddish. Densely clothed with bright
green scales, but becoming almost white on appendages; a row
of depressed pale setae on each elytral interstice.
Head flat between eyes, with a narrow median fovea.
Eyes strongly convex. Rostrum slightly wider than long,
carinae normally concealed. Antennae rather long and thin,
first joint of funicle no longer than second. Prothorax
moderately transverse, sides increasing 1n width to extreme
base, convex along middle but widely depressed towards each
side of middle; punctures normally concealed. SHlytra
conspicuously wider than prothorax, sides almost parallel to
beyond the middle; with rows of rather large punctures,
appearing much smaller and suboblong through clothing.
Femora lightly but acutely dentate. Length, 4-44+ mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (G. F. Hill and
W. K. Hunt). Type, I. 4090.
A small species belonging to B of the 1914 table of the
genus, and there associated with longus; from which it differs
in size, shape, antennae, impressions of prothorax, etc. It
looks very out of place amongst the species of B, but the
base of the prothorax is conspicuously wider than the apex.
The scales on the elytra.of the type are uniformly green, but
on a second specimen there are a few feebly infuscated spots ;
on the second specimen also the impressions on the pronotum
are deeper, so that it appears to be rather conspicuously
bifoveate.
_ MYLLOCERUS VIRIDIMICANS, n. sp.
Black; appendages reddish. Densely clothed with bright
green scales, becoming almost white on antennae and parts of
legs; a single row of very inconspicuous setae on each elytral
interstice.
Head feebly convex and with a small interocular fovea.
Eyes subelliptic and moderately convex. Rostrum moderately
long, median and sublateral carinae traceable through
clothing. Antennae thin and rather long; scape narrowly
grooved along under-surface; first joint of funicle distinctly
584.
longer than second. fProthorax moderately transverse,
sides. gently but distinctly increasing in width to base,
apex gently incurved to middle; punctures normally
concealed. Hlytra much wider than prothorax, feebly
increasing in width to beyond the middle; striation
distinct, seriate punctures moderately large but appear-
ing very small and narrow through clothing, punctures
on interstices normally quite concealed. /Memora_ scarcely
visibly dentate. Length, 5 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type (unique), I.
7600.
In the 1914 table of the genus would be associated with
taylori, from which it differs in being smaller, prothorax
decidedly longer and at base conspicuously much narrower
than base of elytra, head longer, eyes less prominent, etc.
The scales of the type have the beautiful bright-green colour
of fresh specimens of tate, but that species belongs to a
different section of the genus. The elytral setae are incon-
spicuous, even from the sides.
MYLLOCERUS OBLIQUIFASCIATUS, 1. sp.
Black; appendages obscurely reddish. Densely clothed
with white or whitish scales, more or less variegated on the
head and prothorax, the elytra with two conspicuous oblique
dark fasciae; head and prothorax with fairly numerous
depressed setae, but on the elytra becoming very distinct. and
suberect (although not very long).
_ Head gently convex between eyes; with a narrow inter-
ocular fovea. Eyes subovate, not very prominent. Rostrum
subcylindrical, shghtly longer than wide, sublateral carinae
distinctly traceable through clothing, the median one
concealed. Antennae long but not very thin, first joint of
funicle much longer than second. - Prothorax moderately
transverse, sides gently rounded, base and apex equal;
punctures concealed. Hiytra much wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex; striation distinct but punctures in
striae normally almost concealed. Memora_ scarcely visibly
dentate. Length, 43-7 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Ankertell (H. W. Brown).
Type, 1. 7603.
A very distinct species, with a curious subcylindrical
rostrum. The elytral setae are suberect and conspicuous, but
not long enough for the species to be referred to C, in the
1914 table; in which it would be referred to F, K, from all
the species of which it is strikingly distinct. On some specimens
the appendages are distinctly reddish, but on all the others
they are almost'as dark as the body parts. The majority of
585
the scales on some specimens are almost of a snowy whiteness
(on parts of the under-surface sometimes with a vague golden
gloss), but usually have a slightly rusty appearance, on the
prothorax they are sometimes of a slaty-grey, with paler
scales along the middle and sides; the elytra have two very
conspicuous dark oblique fasciae (almost V-shaped), one
commencing about the middle of the base on each side and
ending on the suture before the middle, the other beginning
near the sides beyond the middle and ending very close to
the suture near the apex; the fasciae are sometimes broken up
into disconnected spots, but the V-shaped patterns appear to
be always distinct. The male differs from the female in being
smaller, markings usually more sharply defined, appendages
longer, antennae somewhat thicker and abdomen much less
convex.
MYLLOCERUS VILLOSIPENNIS, N. sp.
Black; appendages more or less obscurely diluted with
red. Densely clothed with whitish scales, on the prothorax
and elytra conspicuously variegated with infuscate markings ;
elytra with numerous long, more or less erect, dark hairs,
except towards base.
Head flat between eyes; inter-ocular fovea almost con-
cealed. Eyes not very prominent. Rostrum rather short,
sublateral carinae traceable through clothing, antennary pits
‘close together. Antennae long and thin; first joint of funicle
disinctly longer than second. Prothorax not much longer
than wide, sides moderately rounded, base and apex subequal ;
setiferous punctures traceable through clothing. Z#lytra much
wider than prothorax, sides feebly dilated to beyond the
middle; striae distinct, but seriate punctures appearing small
through clothing. /emora dentate. Length, 44-5 mm.
‘ Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7602.
The long hairs cause this species to be referable to C
of the 1914 table; some of the scales have a vague bluish
tinge, but disregarding these the species would be associated
with sutwrahs, from which it differs in being larger, long
clothing of elytra more in the nature of straggling hairs than
stiff setae, and in many other particulars. The scales on the
under-surface in some lights have a slight golden gloss; the
darker scales on the upper-surface form three infuscate vittae
on the pronotum (the paler portions there have a spotted
appearance, owing to numerous setiferous punctures; these
are also on the darker parts, but are not so conspicuous), and
numerous spots (frequently conjoined) on the elytra. The
male differs from the female in being smaller, appendages
slightly longer, abdomen less convex, elytra less dilated
posteriorly, and with more numerous hairs.
586
MYLLOCERUS ZOPHERUS, ND. sp.
Black; appendages and abdomen more or less obscurely
diluted with red. Densely clothed with sooty and whitish
scales; prothorax with numerous stout but depressed setae,
each elytral interstice with a rather inconspicuous row of setae.
Head somewhat flattened between eyes, inter-ocular fovea
rather narrow. Eyes not very convex but with coarser facets
than usual. Rostrum about as long as the basal width; median
carina distinct in front, the others not traceable through
clothing. Antennae moderately long and thin; first joint of
funicle conspicuously longer than second. Prothorax
moderately transverse, sides lightly rounded, base and apex
subequal. H#lytra much wider than prothorax, parallel-sided
to near apex; striation distinct but seriate punctures appear-
ing small through clothing. Femora very feebly dentate.
Length, 44 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Port Augusta. Type (unique),
I. 7604.
In general appearance close to some forms of varius, but
prothorax trivittate, and eyes with coarser facets. In the
1914 table it would be associated with multimaculatus, and
in general appearance it resembles that species, but the
prothorax is shorter, the eyes are larger and more convex,
and the scape is decidedly thinner. On the upper-surface the
dark scales are more numerous than the pale ones, on the head
and elytra they are irregularly intermingled, the paler ones
forming small irregular spots or scattered singly, but on the
prothorax the paler ones form four and the darker ones three
feebly defined vittae; on the abdomen the scales are almost
wholly white, but on the rest of the under-surface and on the
appendages the two colours are more or less intermingled.
MYLLOCERUS ASHI, N. sp.
‘Black; the appendages in places very obscurely diluted
with red. Densely clothed with greyish-white scales, more or
less conspicuously mottled with darker ones; on the under-
surface usually white but with a bluish, or greenish, or golden
gloss; upper-surface with numerous distinct but more or less
depressed setae, more or less irregularly seriate on the elytra.
Head gently convex between eyes, inter-ocular fovea
small. Eyes moderately large and prominent. Rostrum about
as long as the basal width, median and sublateral carinae
usually traceable through clothing, distance between antennary
pits about half of that between eyes. Antennae long and not
very thin; first joint of funicle distinctly longer than second.
Prothorax rather strongly transverse, sides feebly rounded,
base slightly wider than apex; punctures normally concealed,
587
but the setiferous ones traceable. Hlytra much wider than
prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex; striation distinct,
seriate punctures moderately large, but appearing small
through clothing. /emora lightly dentate. Length, 5-7 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7601.
Twenty-three specimens (including several pairs taken
wn cop.) are before me, and they appear to belong to but one
species, but some specimens have three vaguely infuscated
lines on the pronotum, and others are slightly transversely
depressed near base and apex, so that (by the 1914 table), the
various specimens might be widely separated. The specimens
that might be referred to HE, of that table, and there associated
with multimaculatus, differ from it in being consistently
larger, pronotum much wider, head considerably larger and
scape much longer and thinner. Those that might be referred
to F, 2, differ from rugicollis as they differ from multimacu-
latus; from melvillensis they differ in many respects. Those
that might be referred to F, », differ from nasutus in having
the eye not quite so long and rather less convex (the distance
between the front of an eye and the antennary pit is about
once and one-third the length of an eye, in nasutus it is about
twice the length of an eye). On the elytra the two colours
(of scales) are sometimes very feebly contrasted, the paler
scales being in the majority; but on some males the darker
scales are in the majority and sharply contrasted; on the
pronotum there are usually three vaguely infuscated lines.
The secondary sexual differences are slight.
MYLLOCERUS ANGUSTIPENNIS, 0. Sp.
Piceous-brown ; appendages obscurely diluted with red.
Densely clothed with obscurely variegated brownish scales,
becoming whitish on sides and under-surface; a row of incon-
spicuous setae on each elytral interstice.
Head moderately convex between eyes, these moderately
large but not very prominent. Rostrum distinctly narrowed
from base to near apex, median and sublateral carinae narrow
and distinct. Antennae long and thin; first joint of funicle
much longer than second. Prothorax strongly transverse,
sides moderately rounded, base not much wider than apex;
punctures normally concealed. Scutellum strongly transverse.
Hlytra at base scarcely (if at all) wider than base of prothorax,
sides feebly dilated to about the middle, and then strongly
narrowed to apex; seriate punctures of moderate size, but
distinct through clothing, their containing striae very feebly
impressed. /Femora feebly dentate. Length, 44 mm.
Hab.—Northern Territory: Darwin (H. "Wesselhidnn).
Type (unique), I. 7609. | |
588
A curious species, structurally close to subapterus, but
scales not green, elytral setae much less conspicuous (indistinct
even from the sides), legs and antennae darker, and prothorax
with less rounded sides. On the prortotum three vaguely
infuscated lines of scales may be traced in some lights.
MYLLOCERUS ABERRANS, 0. sp.
Reddish-brown ; appendages somewhat paler. Densely
clothed with very pale-brown, almost fawn-coloured scales,
becoming whitish on under-surface; with dense, conspicuous,
subdepressed, almost golden setae; some conspicuous vibrissae
at the position of ocular lobes.
Head convex at base but flat between eyes; inter-ocular
fovea small. Eyes large and subovate, but not very prominent.
Rostrum about as long as the basal width, sides feebly
decreasing in width to near apex, median carina distinct in
front, the sublateral ones scarcely traceable through clothing.
Antennae long and thin; first joint of funicle distinctly
longer than second. Prothorax moderately transverse, sides
gently rounded, base not much wider than apex, the latter
very gently incurved to middle; punctures normally concealed.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, sides feebly dilated to
»beyond the middle; striation distinct, seriate punctures ap-
pearing small through clothing. Femora edentate. Length,
6 mm. |
Hab.—Northern Territory: Daly River (H. Wessel-
mann). Type (unique), I. 7605.
The prothorax is perceptibly wider at the base than
at the apex, but not much so, so that the species should
preferably be referred to BB rather than to B of the 1914
table. Regarding it as such it would be associated with the
species of F, w, from all of which it may be distinguished by
the prothoracic vibrissae. The front margin of the prothorax
is without ocular lobes, but at their position (of other sub-
families) there is on each side some conspicuous (almost
golden) vibrissae. The setae of the upper-surface are unusually
dense, but are not conspicuously erect or suberect; on the
elytra they form two or three irregular rows on each inter-
stice. The lower edge of each eye almost touches a glabrous
space on the under-surface of the rostrum.
TITINIA BICOLOR, Blackb., Parachilna.
T. 1GNARIA, Pasc., Ooldea, Parachilna.
HOMOEOTRACHELUS AUSTRALASIAE, Faust., Orroroo.
PROSAYLEUS CoMOosuUS, Germ., Wookalla.
P. ROSTRALIS, Blackb., Ooldea.
CATASARCUS ARMATUS, Blackb., Ooldea.
C. STIGMATIPENNIS, Boi., Clayton Creek, Kopperamanna.
589
POLYPHRADES RAUI, Nn. sp.
Black; densely clothed with snowy-white scales closely
applied to derm; with sparse thin setae on elytra, but more
numerous elsewhere. , | ne
Head wide; eyes scarcely interrupting the general con-
vexity. Rostrum short, distinctly narrowed from base to apex,
apical triangle glabrous and with small distinct punctures, a
short carina behind it. Antennae short, five apical joints of
-funicle transverse. Prothorax widely transverse, evenly
convex, sides gently rounded. Hlytra subcordate, much wider
than prothorax, widest at about basal third; with rows of
large but almost concealed punctures. Legs moderately stout ;
front tibiae moderately, the others lightly, denticulate; claw
joint of tarsi almost as long as the others combined. Length,
6 mm. |
Hab.—South Australia: Carraweena. Type (unique), I.
7960. :
The claw joint is unusually long and the claws are more
widely separated than is usual in Polyphrades, but they are
soldered together: for about half their length; the species is a
rather aberrant one, and in some respects appears to approach
Onesorus. The type has not been abraded, but the elytra
appear to be uniformly convex with no striae, the seriate
punctures being isolated in the rows. To the naked eye the
insect appears pure white, except where a slight amount of
abrasion has revealed the black derm, but under a lens the
scales along the middle of the pronotum and about the elytral
suture appear somewhat slaty-grey.
P. rortis, Blackb., Ooldea.
P. SATELLES, Blackb., Cooper Creek.
LEPTOPS FUMATUS, Lea.
Two specimens from Cooper Creek differ from the types in
being somewhat smaller, and with conspicuously paler scales;
one of them has the tubercles more acute than on the type,
but on the other they are less acute.
LEPTOPS GLOBICOLLIS, Lea.
Four specimens from Carraweena appear to represent
another variety of this species; they differ from the types in
being smaller, with the scales considerably paler (almost
white) and with the rostrum and tibiae not quite so stout.
. CACOZELUS, Lea, Ooldea.
. CONTRARIUS, Blackb., Ooldea.
. DUPONTI, Bol., var. INTERIORIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
. GRAVIS, Blackb., Léigh and Strzelecki Creeks. -
Sp Ok aio
590
ONESORUS ALBATUS, Lea.
Numerous specimens were taken, usually walking on the
sandhills; they vary in length from 8 to 12 mm., and most of
them have the clothing irregularly distributed, as on the type,
but on one specimen it is almost uniform on the elytra.
Clayton and Cooper Creeks, Kopperamanna, Lakes Crossing,
Strzelecki Creek, Trinity.
ESSOLITHNA JONESI, 0. sp.
3. Black; densely clothed with mouse-coloured scales,
becoming paler on sides and white or whitish on under-surface,
upper-surface with numerous white scales scattered singly,
and on the elytra often condensed into loose spots ; muzzle with
a few golden-green or green scales; elytra with numerous stiff
erect setae on and near the shoulders, on the fourth to $ixth
interstices.
Head large, with dense concealed punctures. Rostrum
short, sides oblique. Antennae short and stout; first joint of
funicle about as long as second and third combined, third-
seventh transverse. Prothorax about once and one-half as
wide as long, sides moderately rounded; with small dense
punctiferous granules, normally quite concealed. Hlytra sub-
cordate, widest across basal third, but at base no wider than
base of prothorax ; with rows of rather large, round punctures,
but appearing small and narrow through clothing. Legs short
and stout ; femora each conspicuously notched on upper-surface
near apex. Length (d, 9), 4-5 mm.
Q. Differs in being wider, abdomen more convex, and
femora each very feebly incurved on upper surface near apex.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7611.
An unusually distinct species, in general appearance
somewhat like cordipenms, but the head and femora of the
male very different; the single claw to each tarsus readily
distinguishes it from Polyphrades, to which genus, at first
glance, it appears to belong. The conspicuous notch on the
upper-surface of each of the femora of the male is a remark-
able character; on the female these notches are scarcely
indicated ; the disposition of the elytral setae is also unusual.
On fresh specimens the upper-surface has a conspicuously
speckled appearance, owing to the numerous white scales
scattered about, but on less well-preserved specimens these are
less noticeable, and the surface appears of a uniform dingy-
grey. Mr. Jones obtained numerous specimens on young
mallee shoots in April and May, and we took one in January.
E. serrata, Blackb., Ooldea.
E. squautipa, Blackb., Farina.
ACHERRES GRANULATUS, Ferg., Ooldea.
591 .
TALAURINUS MACULIPENNIS, Lea.
Numerous specimens were obtained at Ooldea from under
spinifex, or wandering about at night.
T. PILULARIUS, Macl., Ooldea.
T. REGULARIS, S]., Ooldea.
OXYOPS ALPHABETICA, 0. Sp.
Black; parts of. antennae obscurely diluted wtih red.
Densely but irregularly clothed with whitish scales and stout
setae.
Head with coarse, partially concealed punctures, with a
narrow deep impression in middle. Rostrum stout, about as
long as head across eyes; in front with small exposed punc-
tures, elsewhere with punctures as on head. Antennae stout;
third joint of funicle slightly shorter than second, and slightly
longer than first. Prothoraz about as long as basal width,
base much wider than apex, disc widely irregularly flattened ;
with coarse punctures. Hlytra much wider than prothorax,
each side with a vague swelling behind the shoulder; with
rows of large oblong punctures, third interstice with an
elongated tubercle near base, and another at summit of apical
slope. Intercoxal process of mesosternum subacutely produced.
Length, 7-9 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Oodnadatta (Blackburn’s collec-
tion). Type, I. 7958.
Not very close to any pen species known to me, but
perhaps closer to wtiosa than to any other; it differs ‘from
that species in the elytral markings,’ and by the third inter-
stice on each elytron having but two tubercles. The clothing
varies from stout setae to wide scales, and is more uniform on
the under-surface than on the upper; the tip of the rostrum
is glabrous, each side of the prothorax is almost glabrous,
and there is a vague oblique line near each side; on the
elytra there are sinuous glabrous markings: that on the right
elytron is shaped like an irregular S (reversed on the left) ; on
the left it is sometimes shaped like an interrogation mark
(?, reversed on the right), the marks extend from below the
shoulders almost to the apex (near the suture), and along their
courses the whole extent of the punctures is exposed ; elsewhere
the apparent size of the punctures is greatly reduced. Speci-
mens in perfect condition have an ochreous meal over most of
the surface, but on immersion in alcohol this is removed,
and generally the markings are rendered more obscure.
092
:»,OXYOPS VACILLANS, -n. sp..
yobcBlack;.m parts obscurely reddish. Clothed with white
setae or scales, denser along middle from apex of prothorax
to apex of elytra, and on under-surface than elsewhere.
Head coarsely punctured, with a deep impression in
middle, strongly constricted behind eyes (these very
prominent). Rostrum short, about as long as wide, apex —
depressed and with small dense exposed punctures; elsewhere
with punctures partially concealed. Antennae’ rather stout;
second joint of funicle almost twice as long as first or third.
Prothorax evenly convex, about as long as basal width, sides
gently decreasing in width to apex; densely granulate-
punctate. Hlytra much wider than prothorax; with rows of
large punctures, each of which has a stout scale; interstices
with numerous small granules, third with an elongated
elevation near base, another on each shoulder, and a smaller
one between. Legs short and stout. Length, 73-84 mm.
Hab.—South Australia (Blackburn’s collection), Ooldea.
Type, I. 7959. |
At first glance this species appears quite an ordinary
Gompterus, nearer perhaps to citriphagus than to any other; |
but the sexes vary; on one sex (probably the male) there is a
conspicuous post-humeral tubercle on each elytron, at the
usual position in Gonipterus; but on the other sex there is no
tubercle there, and but a vaguely indicated swelling (less
pronounced than on many species of Oxyops), and as the
intercoxal process of the mesosternum is subacutely produced
in both sexes the species has been referred to Oxyops rather
than to Gonipterus. On one specimen the antennae and tarsi
are the only parts that are reddish, but on a specimen taken
(in cop.) with it, the only parts that are black are parts of
the head, and the subbasal elevations of the elytra; five other
specimens are intermediate. The tip of the rostrum is glabrous,
the clothing on the pronotum forms a distinct median line,
is very dense on the scutellum, and has a spotted appearance
on the suture; the individual scales are larger on parts of the
legs and the sides of the sterna than elsewhere. Some speci-
mens on capture are almost covered with an ochreous or
muddy-looking meal, but this disappears in alcohol.
OxyOPS CRASSIROSTRIS, Pasc.
Two specimens from Ooldea are in perfect condition, and
at first glance appear very different to a co-type of this species.
They are thickly coated on the upper-surface with brickdust-
like meal, but this does not conceal a conspicuous patch of
whitish scales along the middle of the pronotum, the patch
593
continued on to the base of the elytra and scutellum, where
it is subquadrate in shape, the apical slope’ of the elytra has a
large patch of similar scales, and there are a few spots
scattered about; other specimens from Wirha and Coolgardie
have the dust-like meal less distinct or almost absent and the
white (on some specimens of a rather pale ochreous) patches
much less distinct, but they all agree in having the shoulders
rather prominent and multi-granulate.
O. FasciaTA, Boi., Oodnadatta, Ooldea.
O. GEMELLA, Pasc., Ooldea.
O. opscuRA, Blackb., Cooper Creek, Oodnadatta.
O. soror, Lea, Oodnadatta, Strzelecki Creek.
BRYACHUS SQUAMICOLLIS, Pasc., Ooldea.
PANTOREITES ARCTATUS, Pasc., Frome Well.
SYARBIS GoUDIEI, Lea, Ooldea.
RHINARIA TRAGOCEPHALA, Lea, Ooldea.
APARETE PALPEBROSA, Pasc., Kingunyah.
| ETHEMAIA SELLATA, Pasc., Ooldea, Wookalla.
OPHRYOTA RAPAX, Blackb., Cooper Creek.
LIxXUS MASTERSI, Pasc., Ooldea.
ORTHORRHINUS CYLINDRIROSTRIS, Fab., Parachilna.
EPAMAEBUS ZICZAC, Lea.
Numerous specimens were taken at Ooldea with the
elytral markings varying from sharply defined to scarcely
traceable (as on some specimens from Forest Reefs previously
commented upon).
NIPHOBOLUS DECEPTOR, Blackb., Farina, Strzelecki Creek.
STOREUS MUNDUS, Blackb., Parachilna.
SYMBOTHINUS SQUALIDUS, Blackb., Ooldea.
XEDA FASCIATA, Lea, Birkett’s Woolshed.
MISOPHRICE ARIDA, 0. sp.
Black; clothed with large, soft, white scales.
Head with punctures normally concealed. Rostrum
moderately long, thin, and lightly curved; with series of fine
punctures, basal third partially concealed in male, less in
female. Prothorax lightly transverse, sides rather strongly
rounded. Hlytra considerably wider than prothorax, parallel-
sided to near apex; with regular rows of large, but partially
concealed punctures. Legs moderately long. Length, 1-14
mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 7629.
A minute black species, allied to parallela and soror, but
even smaller than those species, and distinct by the arrange-
ment of the elytral scales, these are notably stouter, and so
594
placed that the odd interstices appear to be uniformly clothed
throughout their length, whilst on the even ones the scales
are so disposed that there is a glabrous space between each,
giving them a checkered appearance (2). On some specimens
the front femora appear to be obscurely diluted with red.
Only seven specimens were obtained, although branches of
Casuarina, sp., were frequently beaten over the umbrella.
M. pusra, Lea, Ooldea.
EPACTICUS WHITEI, Nn. sp.
Reddish-castaneous; head, rostrum, prothorax, under-
surface, funicle, and club somewhat darker. Moderately
densely clothed with stout, white, depressed setae or scales,
mixed with more rounded ones at sides of prothorax and on
metasternum; elytra in addition with conspicuous, suberect
setae, forming a single row on each interstice.
Rostrum about the length of prothorax, feebly curved ;
striate-punctate, punctures glabrous on apical half, each
with a white scale on basal half. Antennae thin, inserted
slightly closer to apex than to base of rostrum; first joint
of funicle long; club rather short. Prothoraz about as long
as wide, sides gently rounded, base very little wider than apex ;
with dense and (on removal of clothing) sharply defined
punctures. Hlytra rather narrow, distinctly wider than
prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex; with regular rows of
large, partially concealed punctures. Length, 24-23 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Frome Well, Leigh Creek.
Type, I. 7606.
It is with some doubt that this species is referred to
Hpacticus, as the club is not very elongate (it is, however,
not much shorter than in ruber, the type of the genus) and
the rostrum is almost straight. In all other respects it agrees
with the position assigned to the genus in Blackburn’s table
of the subfamily @?) and with the original diagnosis (28); the
scales are not as coarse as on ruber, but more as on the species |
commented upon as being probably nigrirostris; from which
it differs in the straighter rostrum and elytra with a con-
spicuous row of semi-upright setae on each interstice. The
side pieces of the mesosternum and of the metasternum are
so densely covered with scales that the derm is entirely
concealed, but where the derm of the under-surface is not
concealed it appears to be almost black; on the elytra the
(26) This appearance, however, is affected by a slight amount
of abrasion.
(27) Ante, 1894, p. 149.
(28) D.c., 1898, p. 305.
595
scales are somewhat denser on the suture and at the position
of the subapical callosities (of other genera) than elsewhere,
but not very conspicuously so.
A specimen from Western Australia: Swan River (A. M.
Lea), possibly belongs to this species, but has the tarsi darker,
head and rostrum almost black, and elytra somewhat deeper
(as viewed from the sides); its elytral margins are narrowly
stained with black, but those of the type are also narrowly
infuscated.
EPACTICUS OCCIDENTALIS, Nn. sp.
gd. Light-castaneous, some parts darker. Densely clothed
with stout, depressed, white setae or scales.
Rostrum moderately curved, about the length of pro-
thorax ; striate-punctate, punctures on apical half mostly
glabrous, on basal half each with a scale. Antennae thin,
inserted nearer apex than base of rostrum, club moderately
long. Prothorax feebly transverse, sides gently rounded, base
slightly wider than apex; punctures normally concealed.
Hlytra distinctly wider than prothorax, sides almost parallel
to near apex; with regular rows of fairly large, but more or
less concealed, punctures. Length (¢, 2), 1$-2 mm.
@. Differs in having the rostrum considerably longer and
thinner, its punctures smaller and mostly glabrous, antennae
inserted slightly nearer base than apex of rostrum, and
abdomen more convex.
Hab.—Western Australia: Geraldton (A. M. Lea).
Type, 1.7613.
In general appearance fairly close to nigrirostris, but
slightly smaller, elytra somewhat wider, and rostrum not
black. The head and sterna are darker than elsewhere, parts
of the sterna on some specimens being almost black, parts of
the tarsi are infuscated, but the femora and tibiae are usually
slightly paler than the elytra; the funicle and club are darker
than the scape. The elytra on some specimens are almost
uniformly clothed, but on many have a slightly mottled
appearance, owing to the partial absence or slight variegation
of the scales (somewhat as on some specimens of nigrirostris) ;
in addition to the stout setae or scales, there are some thinner
ones, but these are moderately distinct only from the sides.
EPACTICUS BIMACULATUS, Nn. sp.
d. Castaneous; some parts infuscated or black. Densely
clothed with large, soft, white scales, closely applied to derm,
but elytra with two glabrous, or almost glabrous, spots.
Rostrum rather lightly curved, slightly longer than pro-
thorax; apical half shining and with rows of distinct
punctures, basal half with larger punctures but more or less
596
concealed by scales. Antennae thin, inserted slightly nearer
apex than base of rostrum; club moderately long. Prothorax
about as long as wide, sides moderately rounded, base slightly
wider than apex; with dense but normally concealed punc-
tures. Hlytra rather narrow, much wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex; with rows of rather large, but
more or less concealed punctures. Length (¢, @), 2-21 mm.
Q. Differs in having the rostrum considerably longer and
thinner, its clothing not continued beyond the basal third,
antennae inserted slightly nearer the base than apex of
rostrum, and abdomen more convex.
Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt,
his No. 742), Coorong (S. A. White), Port Lincoln; Western
Australia: Geraldton (A. M. Lea). Type, I. 7607.
Rather close to ruber, but elytra conspicuously bimaculate
and tarsi black; the two conspicuous spots on the elytra are
due to the partial or complete absence of scales; they are
about two-fifths from the apex and close to the suture. The
head, rostrum (part of this is usually diluted with red),
prothorax (parts of the sides are usually diluted with red),
scutellum, and most of the upper-surface and of the antennae
and tarsi are black; the suture and margins of elytra are
usually somewhat infuscated. On specimens in perfect con-
dition each of the seriate punctures on the elytra appears to
be partially filled by a stout seta or scale, but there are no
true setae on the interstices, the clothing there consisting
entirely of soft scales. |
EPACTICUS NIGRIROSTRIS, Blackb.
The type of this species was unique in the Blackburn
collection, and is now in the British Museum. There are,
however, numerous specimens before me from Port Lincoln,
Lucindale, and Kangaroo Island that agree with the brief
description, and probably belong to the species.
The species is somewhat variable in its scales; on the
elytra they are frequently whitish, but are sometimes mixed
with somewhat darker ones, these occasionally having a
maculate or vaguely fasciate appearance. The rostrum whilst
usually black, is occasionally diluted with red at the tip; it is
distinctly shorter and less curved on the male than on the
female. |
TYCHIUS MINUTISSIMUS, Boh.
Fourteen specimens from Ooldea probably belong to this
species, they are structurally (sex for sex) identical with the
specimens previously 9) recorded as belonging to the species
A
(29) Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge, 1910, p. 105.
597
from Sydney, but they vary considerably in the colour of the
rostrum and legs. On the males the legs and rostrum (except
for their clothing) are entirely black, and the antennae are
black except that the funicle is obscurely reddish; on some
females -the legs, antennae (except club), and apical half or
more of the rostrum are flavous (although not so bright as on
the Sydney specimens) but on others these parts are very
obscure, although (except for the hind femora) scarcely
black.
BELUS SEMIPUNCTATUS, Fab., var. POVERUS, nN. var.
Numerous specimens (twenty-four) from Goolwa and
Mudd Island, are structurally so close to semipunctatus that
I cannot regard them as representing more than a variety,
they differ from the typical form in being considerably paler
(castaneous-brown, some parts infuscated) and not at all
metallic; elytra clothed only along suture (on a few specimens,
however, the medio-discal row of spots on each elytron is
vaguely indicated), but in particular by the discal carinae; on
the typical form the carina on each elytron commences as an
oblique, impunctate, slightly elevated line, almost level with
the front edge of the metasternum, but on this variety it
commences just beyond the metasternum, the space before it
being covered with normal punctures; the _ post-scutellar
depression is also smaller and shallower.
BELUS ANGUINEUS, Pasc.
B. ventralis, Blackb.
The type of ventralis is a female of the species identified
by both the late Rev. T. Blackburn and myself as anguaneus.
The species occurs in Western Australia and Queensland, as
well as in South Australia (Quorn, Leigh Creek, and Oodna-
datta). |
| BELUS BISON, Blackb.
This species was tabulated by both Blackburn and myself
as having the front femora edentate; this is usually the case,
but on a few specimens now before me the front femora are
feebly but distinctly dentate; it was also noted by myself as
having the ‘‘suture not suddenly and strongly raised at base,”’
but the specimens upon which I so noted the species (a very
similar one was taken at Ooldea), although belonging to
bison, are not typical of that species, which usually has the
suture strongly raised there. Ooldea, Orroroo, Parachilna.
BELUS TIBIALIS, Blackb.
This remarkable species appears to be fairly common at
Lucindale ; on the majority of specimens the elytra are almost
598
as densely clothed on the suture as on the median line of the
pronotum, the rostrum is usually black and highly polished,
but 1s occasionally dull red.
BELUS ANGUSTULUS, Germ.
I had previously identified (and tabulated as such) a
species from Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria
that appeared (and still appears) to agree well with the
description of angustulus, but I have seen no South Australian
specimens of it (many of the species of Belus are very widely
distributed). But Blackburn identified quite another species
as angustulus, and as all the specimens before me of this
species are from South Australia, the probability is that his
is the correct identification. This species (although narrower)
has elytra produced much as on phoemcopterus, and each
metasternal episternum with a narrow glabrous space at the side
(sometimes quite concealed by the eltyra); on the specimens I
had identified as angustulus (and which I now consider may
represent a variety of zmconstans) the elytra are much less
acutely produced (somewhat as on anguineus and scalaris) and
each metasternal episternum has a conspicuous rounded
glabrous spot.
BELUS SCALARIS, Germ.
This species varies considerably in size (11-17 mm.), and
although the front femora are usually edentate, they are
occasionally very feebly dentate. Orroroo.
BELUS CRiISTATUS, Lea.
This species occurs in Western Australia (Cue) as well
as in South Australia; in my table © of the genus the species
was distinguished from varipilis by the antennae, but the
character then relied upon was a sexual one. On the male
the basal joint of the antennae is slightly longer than the
third, but distinctly shorter than the second and third com-
bined, the rostrum is shorter (although still rather long),
stouter, and with coarser punctures; on the female the first
joint is distinctly longer than the second and third combined.
The species, however, differs considerably from varipulis in the
clothing, and of the elytral carinae on that species the longer
one on each elytron is continued almost to the base,
obliquely diverging towards it (much as on the typical form
of semipunctatus), but on eristatus it ends about half-way to
the base (being much as noted on the desta poverus of
semupunctatus ). Ooldea.
(30) Ante, 1908, pp. 281-235.
. 599
BELUS ACACIAE, Lea.
A specimen from Swallow (Central Australia) possibly
represents a variety of acaciae, but differs from the types in
being slightly more robust, prothorax with sides more dilated,
and spots of clothing on elytra more numerous and better
defined.
BELUS VERTEBRALIS, Lea.
A specimen from Charters Towers (Queensland) differs
from the types in being without a nude spot on each meta-
sternal episternum, its whole surface being densely and
uniformly clothed.
BELUS PLAGIATUS, Pasc. “
On specimens from New South Wales and Southern
Queensland, of this species, the subapical spots of the elytra
are elongated and there are several small spots about the
middle; but on specimens from Northern Queensland the
subapical spots are almost circular, and the median spots are
wanting.
BELUS VETUSTUS, Pasc.
A specimen from Ooldea possibly represents a variety of
vetustus, it differs from typical specimens in having the
elytra with fewer setae scattered singly, the pronotum with
the dorsal channel more conspicuously interrupted in middle,
and with looser clothing, the abdomen (except at the sides)
without distinct glabrous spots (these are sometimes but
faintly indicated on otherwise typical specimens), and with
the pubescence in five feebly defined stripes: a median and
two lateral snowy ones, the others stramineous.
. ANGUINEUS, Pasc., Ooldea.
. FILIFORMIS, Germ., Orroroo.
. PHOENICOPTERUS, Germ., Orroroo.
. SERPENS, Pasc., Parachilna.
. SUTURALIS, Boi., Ooldea, Orroroo, Parachilna.
coRcedecHoclive
BELUS INTERRUPTUS, N. sp.
Dark castaneous-brown, becoming almost black on parts
of head and of legs; antennae and tarsi somewhat paler. In
places densely clothed with more or less stramineous
pubescence.
Head with coarse vermiculate punctures between eyes,
becoming smaller but still crowded about base. Rostrum long
and lightly curved; with dense and fairly coarse punctures
on basal half, becoming smaller towards, and very fine in
front. Antennae rather long, third joint slightly shorter than
firs; and fourth and conspicuously longer than second,
600
eleventh about once and one-half the length of tenth. Pro-
_ thorax moderately transverse, basal angles acute, median line
rather narrow; with numerous small well-defined punctures.
Elytra parallel- -sided, each rather strongly produced at base,
conjointly lightly produced at. apex, with a conspicuous
granulate elevation behind scutellum; densely granulate-
punctate. Femora conspicuously dentate, hind pair extending
to tip of second abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi as
long as second and third combined. Length, 10 mm. (),
Hab.—Northern ‘Queensland (Blackburn’s collection).
Type (unique), I. 7871.
A well-marked species allied to grayz and punctirostris,
but markings very different (on the pronotum the disc, except
for a conspicuous median line, is almost glabrous). The head
and base of rostrum are rather sparsely clothed, but the eyes
are encircled by pale clothing, and there is a feeble median
line; on the pronotum the median line of clothing is well-
defined (and continued on to the scutellum), and the sides
are densely clothed; to the naked eye the elytra appear to
be clothed with four conspicuous but much interrupted stripes,
and there are a few small spots scattered about; on the elytra
also there is some very short dark pubescence, but this is
invisible from most directions; on the under-surface the
clothing is very dense and with a beautiful pinkish and
greenish iridescence, but with a glabrous spot on each side
of the metasternum, and one on the metasternal episternum,
and a row of irregular glabrous spots on each side of the
abdomen; the legs are moderately clothed. The rostrum is
about as long as the head and prothorax combined. The
front femora are tridentate, two of the teeth being placed
longitudinally.
BELUS MIMICUS, 0. sp.
Black; parts of the appendages obscurely diluted with
red. Irregularly clothed with white pubescence.
Head coarsely granulate-punctate between eyes, more
finely towards base. Rostrum lightly but distinctly curved,
about the length of prothorax ; densely and finely transversely
corrugated, and with punctures scattered about, larger and
denser about base than elsewhere. Antennae not very thin,
third joint somewhat shorter than first, scarcely longer than
fourth and twice the length of second, eleventh about once
and one-half the length of tenth. Prothorax about as long
as basal width, sides feebly decreasing in width from base to
apex (feebly incurved near apex), with a narrow median line;
densely punctate or granulate-punctate. Hlytra parallel-sided
31) The lengths given are exclusive of the rostrum.
v
601
to near apex, which is lightly produced, each side of
base obtusely produced, with a conspicuous granulate
elevation behind scutellum; densely punctate, about base
granulate-punctate. Femora rather stout, conspicuously
dentate; hind ones extending to about middle of second,
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi distinctly shorter than
the two following ones combined. Length, 11-14 mm.
Hab.—South Australia (Rev. A. P. Burgess), Para-
chilna (Field Naturalists’ Excursion), Mount Lofty (S. H.
Curnow), Quorn (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 7874.
In my table of the genus 2) might be placed in E, and
would there be associated with punctirostris, with which it
has little in common; if referred to EE, it would be associated
with brunneus, to which it is certainly close, but from which
it differs in being consistently larger, and elytra with spots
not confined to suture. The pubescence (except on the under-
surface) is rather sparse on the head, but encircles the eyes,
the rostrum is glabrous (except that its base is sparsely
clothed), the median line on the pronotum is feeble and
interrupted, but the sides and the scutellum are densely
clothed, on the elytra the spots are numerous and small,
becoming crowded (and sometimes conjoined) close to the
suture, but distinct to the sides and mostly with a feebly
seriate arrangement; on the under-surface the clothing is
mostly dense, but with a nude spot on each side of the meta-
sternum and another on its episternum, abdomen rather
sparsely clothed along middle, and with a row of glabrous
spots towards each side, the legs are moderately clothed. On
some specimens the median line of pale pubescence on the
pronotum is not conspicuous, but this appears to be due to
infiltration of grease; on some specimens also the elytra, and
especially the legs, are not as dark as those of others. There
are two conspicuous teeth on the front femora, and several
smaller ones. A specimen from Parachilna, otherwise quite
normal, has a row of small teeth on each side of the lower
apical half of the rostrum ; on many specimens of brunneus (3)
similar rows may be seen.
BELUS MULTIMACULATUS, N. sp.
Black; elytra, legs, and antennae more or less obscurely
reddish. Upper-surface sparsely clothed except for numerous
conspicuous white spots; under-surface densely clothed with
white pubescence, but with numerous glabrous spots.
(52) Ante, 1908, pp. 231-235.
(33) On lai dus also the clothing is sometimes quite regular
on the suture, but that species is considerably wider ‘than
suturalis, and is otherwise different.
602
Head densely granulate-punctate. Rostrum lightly curved,
slightly longer than prothorax, behind antennae slightly wider
than in front of same; and with rather dense and coarse
punctures becoming much smaller to apex. Antennae not very
thin, third joint slightly shorter than first, the length of
fourth, and about one-third longer than second, eleventh
about twice the length of tenth. Prothorax about as long as
wide, sides gently rounded, median line interrupted in
middle; with numerous granules appearing through clothing.
Elytra thin, very little wider than prothorax, almost parallel-
sided to near apex, which is moderately produced, not elevated
behind scutellum; with rather large close-set punctures,
becoming granulate towards base. Front femora lightly den-
tate, the others edentate, hind ones just passing apex of first
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi somewhat shorter
than the two following combined. Length, 94-10 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Quorn (Blackburn’s collection).
Type, I. 7877.
With very sharply defined elytral spots, approaching
those of some specimens of anguineus, but each of the four
basal segments of abdomen with five conspicuous nude spots ;
the spots are much as on _ parallelus (= serpens and
abdominakis), but it differs from that species in being slightly
wider, each elytron with a sharply defined discal row of spots,
and the sutural ones also much more conspicuous, the elytral
punctures are also somewhat different. The upper-surface
(except for the white markings) is sparsely clothed with
stramineous pubescence, on the pronotum the sides are irregu-
larly spotted, and there is a conspicuous interrupted median
line, on the elytra the suture is very narrowly whitish almost
throughout, and attached, or almost attached, to it are
numerous conspicuous spots, each elytron has an irregular
discal row of conspicuous spots, and a less conspicuous sub-
marginal row; on the under-surface there are some irregular
nude spots on the sterna, and a very conspicuous one on each
metasternal episternum, on each of the four basal segments
of abdomen there are five nude spots: a subtriangular one on
each side of the base, one in middle of apex, and a circular
subapical one half-way between the middle and each side. The
femoral teeth are feeble but are traceable on the three
specimens in the Museum (two of which are from the old
collection, and without locality labels).
BELUS EXILIS, nN. sp.
Piceous-brown, some parts black; front of prothorax,
elytra, rostrum,.and most of legs somewhat reddish.
603
Upper-surface sparsely, the under-surface moderately densely
clothed with whitish pubescence.
Head densely granulate-punctate. Rostrum long, thin,
lightly curved, shining, and with minute punctures, but
becoming more distinct near base. Antennae thin and rather
long, first joint about as long as second and third combined,
second shorter but somewhat stouter than third, third and
fourth equal, eleventh about once and one-half the length of
tenth. Prothorax slightly longer than wide, median line
narrow; densely granulate-punctate. Hlytra very narrow,
slightly wider than prothorax, slightly narrowed towards but
scarcely produced at apex, suture not distinctly elevated at
base; with closely-set punctures, somewhat larger towards
base than elsewhere. Front femora rather long and lightly
dentate, the others shorter and edentate, hind ones just
passing tip of first abdominal segment, basal joint of tarsi
almost as long as the two following combined. Length, 7 mm.
Hab—New South Wales: Mittagong (A. M. Lea). Type
(unique), I. 7884. |
The abdomen is more sparsely clothed than on acaciae,
and the sublateral spots are narrower and much less defined ;
the species also differs from acaciae (with which it might be
associated in my table) in being narrower, pale clothing of
elytra much sparser and confined to suture, rostrum distinctly
longer, etc. The clothing of the under-surface, although not
very dense, is almost uniform except for a narrow glabrous
(but not very sharply defined) spot on each side of each of the
four basal segments of abdomen, the metasternal episterna
are very narrowly glabrous where they touch the elytra, but
are without distinct nude spots; the head (except for a feeble
ring around each eye) and pronotum (except for a feeble and
partial median line) are almost glabrous, on the elytra the
clothing consists of small and feeble spots, somewhat distantly
placed along the suture. The elytral punctures are placed in
almost regular rows, but the punctures in the rows, and the
rows themselves, are so close together as to be practically
touching.
BELUS ACUTIPENNIS, 0. sp.
Piceous-brown; rostrum and legs somewhat paler.
Sparsely clothed with whitish pubescence.
Head convex and densely granulate-punctate between
eyes; finely punctate at base. Rostrum slightly longer than
prothorax, thin, lightly curved, shining ; at extreme base with
fairly strong punctures, elsewhere with very small ones. .
Antennae rather long and thin, but five apical joints somewhat
thickened, third slightly longer than first, distinctly longer
604
than fourth and twice the length of second, eleventh once and
one-half the length of tenth. Prothorax almost as long as
greatest width, which is near base, base not much wider than
apex, sides feebly rounded; rather densely granulate. Hlytra
thin, shghtly wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near
apex, which is strongly and acutely produced, suture scarcely
elevated at base; densely punctate or granulate-punctate.
Front femora rather long, very lightly dentate, the others
shorter and edentate, hind pair just passing tip of first
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi slightly longer than
second and third combined. Length, 10 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Gosford (H. W. Cox). Type
(unique), I. 7895.
In my table would be associated with acrobeles, from
which it differs in being narrower, elytra much more acute
at apex, antennae longer and thinner, etc. Structurally it
is fairly close to acanthopterus and edentulus, but the rostrum
is shorter, the prothorax is less transverse, and the clothing
of the abdomen is very different. The clothing is fairly dense
about the eyes, and the median line of the pronotum is
feebly indicated, but elsewhere it is sparse although almost
evenly distributed, even near the elytral suture it is not
condensed into spots; the under-surface is evenly and rather .
sparsely clothed throughout, there being no naked spots, and
the sides (even of the sterna) without denser clothing than
in the middle.
BELUS PODAGROSUS, Nn. sp.
Piceous-brown ; parts of legs and of rostrum more red-
dish. With stramineous pubescence feebly margining eyes,
forming a feeble median line on pronotum, numerous spots *
conjoined to a narrow sutural stripe on the elytra, and dense
on parts of the under-surface.
Head densely granulate-punctate, more coarsely between
the eyes than elsewhere. Rostrum long, thin, and lightly
curved ; behind antennae with punctures as on base of head,
in front shining, and with minute punctures. Antennae
rather long and thin, first joint about as long as second
and third combined, third distinctly longer than fourth, and
about twice the length of second, eleventh twice the length of
tenth. Prothorax slightly longer than its greatest width (which
is near the base) sides moderately rounded, median line well-
defined, except in front; with small dense granules. Hlytra
(for the genus) moderately wide, distinctly wider than pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, which is strongly and
acutely produced, suture feebly elevated at base; densely
cranulate-punctate. Memora dentate (the front pair
605
moderately, the others lightly), hind ones extending to about
middle of second abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi
conspicuously inflated, concave on lower surface, almost as
long as two following joints combined, and much wider than
either. Length, 15 mm.
_ #Hab.—South Australia: Murray Bridge. Type (unique),
I. 7880.
The general outlines are much as on bidentatus, centralis,
and hemistictus; the elytral markings are as on some speci-
mens of scalaris, but it is wider than that species, and the
second-fourth joints of antennae are very differently propor-
tioned. In my table it would be associated with sparsus, but
is wider, differently clothed, third joint of antennae very
different, etc., I do not think it should be referred to Dat
that table, as the pale elytral clothing, although confined to
the suture, is distinctly spotted. On the under-surface the
pubescence is rather dense on the sides, especially of the
sterna, but there is a narrow nude space on each side of the
metasternum, and a somewhat rounded nude spot on its
episternum; on the abdomen the pubescence is sparse along
the middle, and irregular about the sides, with a (not very
sharply defined) nude spot on each side of each of the four
basal segments. The basal joint of each tarsus is conspicuously
inflated, more especially on the front pair.
BELUS VARIABILIS, n. sp.
Piceous-brown ; some parts black, elytra paler but some-
what infuscated about suture, apical half of rostrum and parte
of legs reddish. Irregularly clothed with whitish (in some
places stramineous) pubescence.
Head densely granulate-punctate between eyes, with
finer sculpture at base. Rostrum rather long, thin, and
lightly curved ; with rather coarse punctures behind antennae,
in front shining and with small punctures. Antennae
moderately long, third joint slightly longer than fourth,
slightly shorter than first, and conspicuously longer and
thinner than second, eleventh about twice as long as first.
Prothorax moderately transverse, sides gently rounded, base
not much wider than apex, median line well-defined, densely
granulate. Hlytra thin, very little wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex, which is hghtly produced, suture
scarcely elevated at base; densely granulate-punctate. Front
femora lightly dentate or edentate, the others shorter and
edentate, hind pair just passing tip of first abdominal seg-
ment; basal joint of tarsi as long as the two following
combined. Length, 8-94 mm.
606
Hab.—South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt).
Type, I. 7885.
There are twenty specimens before me, but I cannot
regard them as belonging to more than one variable species ;
the femoral dentition is usually very feeble, and is occasionally
quite absent, but the dentition is similarly variable on several
other species. Many specimens are rather close in general
appearance to acaciae (with which the dentate specimens
would be associated), and have very similar abdominal
clothing (except that the nude spots are longer), but the
rostrum of both sexes is conspicuously longer; the specimens
with edentate femora, in my table, would be associated with
longicorms, to which, however, they are not very close. The
pubescence is fairly dense about the eyes, forms a conspicuous
median line on the pronotum and is dense on the sides, and
forms numerous irregular spots close to or conjoined with the
suture, towards the sides the spots (often consisting of but
two or three hairs) are smaller and much less conspicuous to
the naked eye, on the sides of the sterna the pubescence is
denser than elsewhere; there is a narrow nude space on each
side of the metasternum where it joins the episternum (but
the episternum itself is uniformly clothed, except that a very
small narrow spot—usually concealed by the elytra—is
sometimes visible); on each of the four basal segments of
abdomen there’is an elongated nude spot towards each side.
On many specimens the median clothing of the pronotum is
more stramineous than white, and it is occasionally inter-
rupted in the middle. The male differs from the female in
having slightly wider prothorax, slightly narrower elytra and
conspicuously thinner front femora.
Two specimens (A), from Lucindale have the head and
prothorax with whitish pubescence, rather thickly scattered
about and the median clothing unusually dark and con-
spicuous, on the elytra the subsutural spots are larger and
more confluent than usual, and the other spots are also
unusually numerous, their metasternal episterna are uniformly
clothed. Two other Lucindale specimens (B), agree with A,
except that each metasternal episternum has a conspicuous
nude spot; on one of them also the rostrum is almost black.
A specimen (C), from Kilkerran (Blackburn’s collection) is
unusually small, and has the subsutural spots less numerous
than usual. One (D), from Quorn (Blackburn’s collection),
has elytral clothing as on C, but each metasternal episternum
with a conspicuous nude spot and the rostrum quite black.
One (E), from Kangaroo Island, has a few spots touching the
suture, but none towards the sides, a conspicuous nude spot on
each metasternal episternum and the rostrum black. Another
' 607
*
(F), from Kangaroo Island (J. G. O. Tepper), has clothing as
on A, except that there is a glabrous spot on each metasternal
episternum, this specimen, however, has fairly strong teeth on
the front femora (stronger than on any other specimen of the
» species before me). A specimen (G), from Murray Bridge
(A. M. Lea), has clothing as on A, except that there is a
considerably larger spot than usual on each elytron at its base,
its rostrum is reddish, even at the base, and femoral dentition
fairly strong. .
BELUS ANGUSTATUS, 0. sp.
Piceous-brown or black; apical half of rostrum, elytra
and legs more or less reddish. With sparse whitish pubescence
about eyes, forming a feeble median line on pronotum, and
small conjoined spots on suture; each side of under-surface
with a conspicuous white stripe from beneath the eye to apex
of abdomen, rest of under-surface sparsely clothed; a nude
spot on each metasternal episternum.
Head densely granulate-punctate between eyes, punctate
about base. Rostrum rather long (quite as long as front
femora), thin and lightly curved; behind antennae with
punctures as on base of head, in front shining and with
minute punctures. Antennae rather long and not very thin,
third joint slightly shorter than first, slghtly longer than
fourth, and much longer than second, eleventh thrice
the length of tenth. /Prothorax distinctly shorter than
its greatest width (which is near the base), sides
rather strongly rounded, median line distinct only on
basal half; somewhat asperately granulate-punctate. H/ytra
thin, except close to base no wider than widest part of pro-
thorax, parallel-sided to near apex, which is lightly produced ;
closely granulate-punctate. Yemora lightly dentate, hind pair
not (or scarcely) passing apex of first abdominal segment ;
basal joint of tarsi about as long as two following combined.
Length, 10-135 mm.
/Tab.—South Australia: Strathalbyn (Rev. A. P. Bur-
gess), Port Lincoln (Blackburn’s collection), Lucindale (B. A.
Feuerheerdt and A. M. Lea); Bull Island (E. A. Limbert),
-Mindarie; Western Australia (E. F. du Boulay). Type, I.
7883.
Of the specimens before me seven have antennae as
described, on three others the eleventh joint is less cylindrical
and but twice the length of the tenth; these specimens also
have the front femora stouter, so presumably are females (one
certainly is, as its ovipositor is protruding), the others being
males. A specimen from New South Wales (Dorrigo, W.
Heron) is probably a male of this species, but its front femora
are edentate, and suture very sparsely clothed. In general
608
appearance the species is close to sparsus, but is even more
parallel-sided, femoral dentition much smaller (on one speci-
men from Port Lincoln it is practically absent) and terminal
joint of antennae (both sexes) much longer; filiformis has
very similar outlines, but the clothing and antennae are
different; difficilis is also close, but has a shorter rostrum,
antennae with apical joint much shorter, etc.; structurally
it is fairly close to pudicus, but is very differently clothed.
The dentate specimens in my table would be associated with
brunneus, with which they have few details in common; the
edentate ones with edentulus, angustulus, and imconstans,
from which they differ in the sutural clothing and in the
antennae. The elytral suture to the naked eye appears to be
narrowly and almost uniformly clothed with whitish
pubescence, but under a lens this is seen to consist of numerous
more or less loosely conjoined spots, somewhat more widely
distributed near the base than elsewhere (onan occasional
specimen, however, the maculate appearance is less evident).
As on many other species of the genus the elytra have some
dark pubescence (fairly conspicuous on the outer apical
margins), but it is very short and indistinct. There are
numerous conspicuous granules on the sparsely clothed parts
of the under-surface.
BELUS HALMATURINUS, N. sp.
Blackish ; elytra, rostrum, antennae, and legs of a rather
bright red. Moderately clothed with whitish and stramineous
pubescence. |
Head densely granulate-punctate between eyes, punctate
about base. Rostrum moderately long, rather thin and lightly
curved; behind antennae with punctures much as on base of
head, in front shining and with small to minute punctures.
Antennae inserted about one-third from base of rostrum, first
joint almost as long as second and third combined, second
thicker and just perceptibly longer than third, the latter
slightly longer than fourth, fourth-tenth subequal in length,
but after the sixth distinctly increasing in width, eleventh
about once and one-half the length of tenth. Prothoraxz
lightly transverse, sides rather strongly rounded, base very
little wider than apex, median line not very deeply impressed ;
densely granulate-punctate. Hlytra thin, not much wider
than widest part of prothorax, parallel-sided to near apex,
which is lightly produced, suture not elevated at base; with
dense punctures, about base with a few granules. Pemora
edentate, hind pair extending to about middle of second
abdominal segment; basal joint of tarsi much shorter than
second and third combined. Length, 7-74 mm.
OE a a
¥
609
Hab.—South Australia: Kangaroo Island. Type, I.
7894. |
In size and sculpture close to granicollis, but very
differently coloured and clothed. The pubescence is sparsely
distributed over the upper-surface, but is fairly dense about
the eyes, along the median line (except in middle) of pro-
notum, is dense on the scutellum, and forms feeble spots on
the elytra, mostly near the suture; on the under-surface it is
fairly dense, and there are no nude spots except a small one
on each metasternal episternum. The antennae are inserted
nearer the base of rostrum than is usual; the elytral punctures
are very close together, and in places have a serlate arrange-
ment.
BELUS LACUSTRIS, nl. sp.
Black; ciaws obscurely reddish. Densely clothed with
white pubes. ence.
Head densely granulate-punctate between. eyes, punctate
about base. Rostrum rather long, thin, and. lightly curved ;
with rather coarse punctures behind antennae, shining, and
with small punctures in front. Antennae not very thin,
inserted about one-third from base of rostrum, first joint
longer than second and third combined, second slightly stouter
and just perceptibly longer than third, third-tenth equal in
length, but after the sixth increasing in width, eleventh
rather closely applied to and about once and one-half the
length of tenth. Prothorax about as long as greatest width,
sides strongly rounded, base slightly wider than apex, median
line lightly impressed ; with numerous small granules showing
through clothing. SHlytra (for the genus) not very narrow,
scarcely wider than widest part of prothorax, parallel-sided to
near apex, which is lightly produced, suture not elevated’ at
base; with dense punctures and with numerous granules
showing through clothing. /emora edentate; hind pair just
passing apex of basal segment of abdomen; basal joint of tarsi
no longer and but little wider than second. Length, 114 mm:
Hab.—South Australia: Lake Callabonna (A. Zietz):
Type, I. 7875.
Allied to ursus, but larger and darker, le longer
and clothing shorter (although still dense), and to the naked
eye having a maculate appearance; in some respects it is close
to vetustus, but is wider, with denser clothing and median line
of pronotum less pronounced. The rostrum (except at base)
and basal joint of antennae are glabrous; elsewhere the cloth-
ing is dense but somewhat maculate in appearance, owing to
numerous granules showing through.
Two specimens (from the old collection and. without
locality labels) possibly belong to this species; they are of a
U
e
610
dingy red (the head and parts of the under-surface blackish),
the clothing not quite so dense, and the elytra with numerous
transverse series of stramineous spots of clothing; the inter-
spaces between the spots are more sparsely clothed than on the
type; but on the type the spots themselves are indicated,
although they are quite as white as the rest of the clothing.
BELUS CYLINDRICUS, N. sp.
Black; parts of legs and of antennae obscurely reddish.
Moderately (in places densely) clothed with white or whitish
pubescence, rostrum glabrous. Length, 1035-11 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Cue and Lake Austin (H. W.
Brown). Type I. 7876.
Structurally close to the preceding species, but narrower,
rostrum slightly longer and more curved, fourth joint of
antennae slightly longer than third and fifth, median channel
of pronotum more distinct, each elytron rather more distinctly
produced at base, their maculate appearance more evident,
and punctures (due to the less even distribution of pubescence)
much more conspicuous; on the preceding species all the joints
of the antennae (after the first) are densely clothed, on the
present species four or five of the basal joints are sparsely
clothed. In my table it would be associated with amplicollis,
from which it is very different; its general appearance is
strongly suggestive of some of the narrower species of Lirus.
The pubescence causes the head to appear feebly trilineate;
on the pronotum it forms a conspicuous (but interrupted)
median line, and numerous lateral spots, on the elytra also it
forms numerous spots, and these are in more or less oblique or
transverse series, instead of in longitudinal ones, as on most
species of the genus; the spots are all small and loosely formed
and are frequently conjoined, the interspaces between the
spots are loosely clothed; on the under-surface there is a
small nude spot on each metasternal episternum, and a small
one on each side of the base of each of the four basal segments
of abdomen. On the type the whole of the pubescence is
white, on a second specimen the spots on the elytra are mostly
stramineous.
BELUS FLOCCOSUS, N. sp.
Reddish-castaneous; parts of antennae and of tarsi
darker, head black or blackish. Irregularly clothed (densely
in places) with white, woolly-looking pubescence.
Head densely granulat punctate between eyes, at base
punctate. Rostrum long, thin, and lightly curved; behind
antennae with dense distinct punctures, in front polished and
with minute punctures Antennae long and thin, inserted
611
about one-fourth from base of rostrum, third joint about the
length of first, distinctly longer than fourth, and fully twice
the length of second, eleventh about once and one-fourth the
length of tenth. Prothorax about as long as greatest width,
sides strongly rounded, base not much wider than apex,
median line lightly impressed ; densely granulate. Klytra very
thin, slightly wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to near
apex, which is lightly produced, suture not elevated at base;
densely punctate. /emora edentate, hind ones slightly passing
apex of basal segment of abdomen; basal joint of tarsi as long
as second and third combined. Length, 7-9 mm.
Hab.—-Western Australia: Beverley (E. F. du Boulay) ;
South Australia: Lucindale (B. A. Feuerheerdt, his No.
go}. Type, 1. 7891.
The clothing has a peculiarly loose flocculent appearance
along the suture, which readily distinguishes the species from
variabilis, the rostrum is also thinner and antennae longer |
than on that species; the clothing is very different to that of
longicorms and filiformis, with which it would be associated
in my table; in many respects it is close to acaciae, but the
front femora are edentate; from parallelus it differs in having
looser clothing, abdomen with nude spots only on sides, and
rostrum, antennae, and basal joint of tarsi longer. The sexes
differ in the width of prothorax and thickness of front femora.
The rostrum (either entirely or with the base excepted) is of a
brighter red than the other parts. The pubescence margins
the eyes, but is sparse on the upper parts of the head, on the
pronotum it forms a fairly distinct median line, but is dense
on the sides, is dense on the scutellum, on the elytra it forms
loosely compacted spots along the suture, and smaller and still
looser ones elsewhere, with a few hairs scattered singly; on
the under-surface it is dense, but somewhat sparser along the
middle than on the sides; the metasternal episterna are
uniformly clothed, but there is a fairly large nude spot on
each side of each of the four basal segments of abdomen.
BELUS TRILINEALBUS, 0. sp.
Black; rostrum, base of head, and parts of antennae and
of legs more or less reddish. Clothed with white pubescence,.
mostly maculate in arrangement:
Head coarsely sculptured between eyes, less coarsely at
base. Rostrum long, thin, and distinctly curved; behind >
antennae with rather coarse punctures, in front with smaller
but quite conspicuous ones. Antennae moderately long, first..
joint about as long as second.and third combined, third
— U2
612
scarcely longer than fourth, and about one-fourth loager
than second, eleventh more than twice the length of tenth.
Prothorax lightly transverse, sides strongly rounded, base
much wider than apex, with a wide shallow median channel ;
with numerous conspicuous granules, the interspaces with
dense but more or less concealed punctures. lytra rather
narrow, somewhat wider than prothorax, parallel-sided to
near apex, which is strongly and acutely produced, suture not
elevated at base; with dense and moderately large punctures,
becoming granulate-punctate towards base. Front femora
rather stout, edentate; hind pair not extending to middle of
second segment; basal joint of tarsi much shorter than second
and third combined. Length, 15-16 mm.
Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown). Type,
Lteten
A multimaculate species with acutely produced elytra,
.at first glance like densely clothed puncticeps, but femora
edentate on the four specimens before me; the elytra are more
produced at apex and with much more numerous spots than
on anguineus; in some respects close to helms: and bison, but
narrower, elytra more produced at apex, with discal spots and
granules more numerous and head with three white lines
instead of two; in general appearance strikingly close to
eristatus, but head trilineate and elytra not carinate; in my
table would be associated with edentulus, but it is much wider
and is otherwise very different to that species. The apex of
the prothorax, and the sides near apex of elytra on two of
the specimens are obscurely diluted with red. The upper-
surface of the head is sparsely clothed, but the pubescence
forms a moderately distinct median line and conspicuously
margins the eyes, giving the head a trilineate appearance ; on
the pronotum not many hairs are scattered singly, but there
is a conspicuous interrupted median line and numerous spots |
on the sides; on the eltyra there are numerous small
and very small spots, denser about the suture than elsewhere
(the tips only have fairly dense blackish pubescence); the
under-surface is rather densely clothed, but has a spotted
appearance owing to numerous granules showing; there are
two nude spots (the hind one of which is sometimes indistinct) ©
on each metasternal episternum ; the clothing of the abdomen
is irregular along the middle (not quite as on anguineus and
scalaris), and each of the four basal segments has a nude spot
on each side of the base. The punctures on the apical half
of the rostrum, although considerably smaller than on the
basal half, are decidedly larger there than is usual in the
genus ; the elytra pass the abdomen for more than the length
of the apical segment.
613
BELUS ORTHODOXUS, Ni. sp.
Piceous-brown; rostrum (and sometimes the elytra and
appendages) paler. Upper-surface with sparse stramineous
_ pubescence except for a conspicuous line on suture, under-
surface densely but somewhat irregularly clothed.
Head with crowded and fairly large punctures between
eyes, becoming smaller about base. Rostrum moderately long,
thin, and lightly curved; about base with rather coarse but
partially-concealed punctures, elsewhere shining and with
small but distinct punctures. Antennae moderately long, first
joint about as long as second and third combined, third
distinctly. longer than fourth and second, these equal in
length, but second slightly stouter than fourth, eleventh
almost twice the length of tenth. Prothorax lightly trans-
verse, sides moderately rounded, base distinctly wider than
apex, median line shallow but well- defined ; densely granulate-
punctate. LHlytra rather thin, slightly wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex, which is moderately produced,
suture not distinctly elevated at base; with dense punctures,
about base with granules. /emora edentate, front ones stout,
hind ones just passing basal segment of abdomen; basal joint
of tarsi distinctly shorter than second and third combined.
Length, 11-13 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Mount Lofty (8. H. Curnow).
Type, I. 7887.
Structurally close ii vetustus and brevipes, but very
differently clothed, and otherwise different, although the
suture 1s conspicuously clothed throughout the pubescence is
not confined to it, as on swtwralis and its allies, but there are
pale hairs scattered about elsewhere and especially about the
base. In my table some specimens would be associated with
brevipes, but others have the elytra no paler than the
prothorax and these would be referred to M, e, but they are
considerably larger and otherwise different to iconstans. On
some specimens, but not on others, the elytra distinctly pass
the abdomen for more than the length of the apical segment,
but the variations appear to be due to irregular contraction.
The eyes are moderately ringed, but the rest of the upper parts
of the head are sparsely clothed, there is a fairly distinct
median line of clothing on the pronotum, on the elytra the
suture is conspicuously clothed throughout, but under a lens
the pubescence has a somewhat maculate appearance, especially
towards the base, about which there are a few small scattered
spots, on the rest of the elytra the derm is glabrous or with
a few hairs scattered singly; on the under-surface there is a
dense stripe on each side from beneath the eye to tip of
614
abdomen, with a small nude spot on the metasternal epister-
num; the abdomen is moderately clothed along the middle,
but the derm is obliquely glabrous just before the stripe on
each side, there are no nude spots on the sides themselves.
The punctures between the eyes are deep and round, with
their walls not broken up into granules.
BELUS VILLOSUS, 0. sp.
Black; tibiae and claws more or less obscurely reddish.
Clothed (in places densely) with white pubescence, and in
addition with numerous long hairs.
Head with coarse, partially concealed punctures between
eyes, becoming smaller but more distinct about base. Rostrum
scarcely longer than prothorax, rather thin and distinctly
curved; behind antennae with coarse crowded punctures, in
front shining and with rather small but conspicuous ones.
Antennae inserted in middle of rostrum, not very thin and
decidedly thickened to apex, first joint almost as long as
second and third combined, second and fourth subequal in
length and each slightly shorter than third, eleventh about
once and one-third the length of tenth. Prothorax about as
long as greatest width, sides strongly rounded, extreme base
not much wider than apex, median line well-defined ; densely
granulate. lytra thin, not much wider than prothorax,
parallel-sided to near apex, which is but hghtly produced,
suture not elevated at base; with dense strong punctures,
about base with a few granules. Vemora edentate, hind pair
just passing basal segment of abdomen; basal joint of tarsi
somewhat inflated and distinctly shorter than the two follow-
ing ones combined. Length, 94-11 mm. ye
Hab.—Western Australia: Cue (H. W. Brown); South
Australia: Quorn (Blackburn’s collection). Type, I. 7889.
With many long straggling hairs as on most specimens
of filiformis, but otherwise very different to that species; in
general appearance it is somewhat lke large specimens of
gramcollis, but with even looser clothing, head trilineate,
abdominal spots different, etc., also like niveopilosus, but
smaller, rostrum shorter, antennae inserted further from the
base, prothorax less transverse, and clothing of head and
abdomen different. In my table would be associated with
amplicollis, which is a considerably larger species, with very
different prothorax. On one of the Quorn specimens the elytra
are obscurely reddish, and the tibiae brightly coloured.. The
white pubescence margins the eyes, and forms a fairly distinct
median line on the head, on. the pronotum it forms a distinct
(and sometimes interrupted) median line and numerous spots
615
on the sides, on the elytra it is mostly condensed into small
spots conjoined to the suture, but there are a few small spots
scattered about the base, and forming a feeble discal row on
each elytron; on the under-surface the pubescence is mostly
dense, but there is a nude spot towards each side of the four
basal segments of abdomen; the abdomen along the middle,
however, is very irregularly clothed and some specimens appear
to have four or five nude spots on most of the segments
(approaching the clothing of anguineus and scalaris). The
long hairs are numerous between the eyes and on the base of
rostrum, on the sides of prothorax, and on the under-surface
and legs. |
PACHYURA QUADRIMACULATA, Ni. Sp.
Reddish-castaneous; head (but not rostrum) and most
of prothorax somewhat blackish. Most of under-surface and
sides of prothorax with dense, stramineous pubescence ;
pubescence rather conspicuously margining eyes, forming a
narrow median line on pronotum, fairly dense on medio-basal
portion of elytra, and forming four very conspicuous circular
spots across middle, elsewhere more sparsely clothed.
Head with crowded and rather coarse punctures. Eyes
large and round. Rostrum rather short (about as long as
width of head across eyes), at base with punctures as on head,
elsewhere shining, glabrous, and with minute punctures, two
small acute projections at apex. Antennae rather stout, third
joint the length of first, much longer than seéond and slightly
longer than fourth. Prothorax lightly transverse, sides
moderately rounded, base strongly bisinuate and conspicuously
wider than apex (which is truncate), median line shallow;
densely granulate-punctate. Hlytra distinctly wider than
prothorax, lightly notched by scutellum, each strongly pro-
duced at base, parallel-sided to near apex, which is obtusely
pointed ; densely granulate-punctate. /emora not very stout,
edentate, hind pair almost extending to apex of second
abdominal segment. Length, 7 mm.
Hab.—Victoria (Blackburn’s collection). Type (unique),
357870.
Allied to minima, fasciata, and pyriatra, but readily
distinguished by the transverse series of four spots, of these
the outer ones are slightly smaller and slightly posterior to
the others. Both antennae of the type are damaged, with
the eleventh joint missing.
PACHYURA BREVIROSTRIS, N. sp.
Of a rather dingy pale castaneous; head darker, rostrum
black and shining. Rather sparsely clothed with stramineous
616
, pubescence, but becoming dense on middle of base of pro-
thorax, and on the sides of under-surface, especially of the
sterna, but metasternal episternum with a conspicuous
glabrous spot. i: |
Head rather wide; with moderately large, deep,. well-
defined punctures, with a narrow median line, and a narrow
line near each eye, these large and prominent. Rostrum
scarcely as long as width of head across eyes, with two sharp
projections at tip; base with punctures much as on head,
elsewhere polished and with small punctures. Antennae
moderately long, seven basal joints thin, the others consider-
ably wider, second joint the length of fourth, slightly shorter
than first, and much shorter than third, eleventh about once
and one-fourth the length of tenth. Prothoraz rather strongly
transverse, sides moderately rounded, base strongly bisinuate
and conspicuously wider than apex, which is truncate, median
line narrow in front, interrupted in middle and rather deep
at base; with sharply defined punctures near middle of base,
but granulate-punctate elsewhere. Secwtellum short and
strongly transverse, conspicuously cutting into bases of elytra.
Hlytra distinctly wider than prothorax, shoulders strongly
rounded, sides almost parallel to beyond the middle, apices
conjointly acutely produced; with close series of small, deep
punctures, the interstices granulate; a conspicuous shining
elevated line near the middle of each elytron, from about the
basal fifth to about the apical fifth, each side dilated adjacent
to metasternum, and with a marginal row of granules. Legs
rather stout; femora edentate, hind pair passing apex of
second abdominal seoment ; tibiae lightly denticulate on lower
surface; basal joint of tarsi slightly longer than second and
third combined, and distinctly longer than claw-joint.
Length, 8 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales: Dorrigo (W. Heron). Type
(unique), I. 7873.
I think it improbable that this species will be allowed to
remain in Pachyura, but short of proposing a new genus for
its reception, that is the only one to which it can be referred
at present. In my table of genera of the subfamily “) the
species would be associated with Agnesiotis, to which it is not
at all close; in that table Pachyvra is placed with the genera
having the. elytra trisinuate at base, this is usually but not
always the case; the present species has the elytra acute at
the apex, but the tip of its rostrum is much as on the preceding
species, which’ also has the elytra (although otherwise very
ak 1) somewhat similar at the hase. The rostrum is
(54) Werlane Gen. Insect, WAsas 91, pp: er 3.
617
conspicuously shorter than on any previously described species
of the subfamily, and the claw joint is also shorter (but this
may be sexually variable). The sides of the abdomen are
somewhat shrunken, probably indicating immaturity of the
type, but the species is such a distinct one that I have not
hesitated to describe it.
_ RHINOTIA HAEMOPTERA, Kirby, Parachilna.
‘HapLonyx (AOLLES) ORBICULATUS, Lea.
A single specimen, apparently, belonging to this species,
was taken at Ooldea, but with the circular dark patch on the
elytra less well-defined than on the type, owing to the intrusion
of numerous whitish scales on the apical slope; many of the
pale scales elsewhere also have a rusty appearance.
H. MyRRHATUS, Pasc., Orroroo.
DIETHUSA MOLLIS, Lea, Parachilna.
D. SQUAMIVARIA, Lea, Orroroo, Parachilna.
MELANTERIUS HYBRIDUS, Lea, Birkett’s Woolshed.
M. souitus, Lea, Strzelecki Creek.
M. rristis, Lea, Orroroo.
ELAEAGNA SQUAMIBUNDA, Pasc., Cooper Creek, Lakes
Crossing.
ANTHRIBIDAE.
ARAEOCERUS LINDENSIS, Blackb., Ooldea.
ECELONERUS SUBFASCIATUS, Fhs., Ooldea.
BRUCHIDAE.
BRUCHUS LYNDHURSTENSIS, Blackb., Parachilna.
CERAMBYCIDAE.
EURYNASSA ODEWAHNII, Pasc., Ooldea.
E. stigmMosum, Newm., Ooldea.
MacrotToMa EDULIS, Newm., Ooldea.
XYSTROCERA VIRESCENS, Newm., Parachilna.
PacHypDissus Boops, Blackb., Ooldea, Parachilna (pl.
mxayi.; fig.’ 81). 7
P. PICIPENNIS, Germ., Parachilna (pl. xxxvi., figs. 82,
83). |
PHORACANTHA ROSTICALIS, Blackb., Ooldea (pl. xxxvi.,
fig. 85).
P. quinarnia, Newm., Parachilna.
P. sento, Newm., Carraweena, Ooldea.
618
APHANASIUM ALBOPILOSUM, N. sp.
Pl. xxeyi., figs: 86,) Si.
3. Black or blackish; antennae, legs, and elytra with
flavous markings. Rather densely clothed with whitish
pubescence, sparser on elytra (but still fairly dense) than
elsewhere; in addition with sparse, suberect, and usually
darker hairs scattered about.
Head’ with crowded and small punctures, normally
concealed except at base. Eyes large and coarsely faceted.
Antennae long and thin, at least three joints passing elytra,
first joint moderately stout and with dense punctures, second
small, third and fourth subequal, fifth-tenth shghtly longer,
flatter, and acute (but not spinose) on one side at apex,
eleventh slightly longer and thinner than tenth. Prothoraz
lightly transverse, with two small tubercles on each side, and
five very feeble ones on disc; with crowded and small punc-
tures, mostly concealed. Hlytra distinctly wider than
prothorax, widest across shoulders; with moderately dense
and sharply defined, but rather small punctures, becoming
very small and shallow posteriorly; each with two feeble
longitudinal elevations on disc. Four hind femora with dense
pubescence filling a groove along under-surface of each.
Length, 13-14 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Cooper Creek. Type, I. 7630.
In general appearance close to variegatum, but the
clothing on the upper-surface conspicuously whitish (dark on
that species), and much denser, especially on the prothorax
and scutellum; prothorax with only two tubercles on each
side (the front one of these is round and shining, the other
subconical but not acute), the five discal ones (two in front
and three behind) tending ‘to obliteration, and with much
smaller and denser punctures, under-surface uniformly dark
and elytral markings not quite the same: on variegatwm there
is a curved dark mark, from each shoulder, that does not quite
reach the suture, on the present species the curved mark is
much wider and extends to the suture (this is dark through-
out) both along the base and at about the basal fourth (thus
enclosing a pale spot near each side of the scutellum); there
is an angular median fascia connected with the suture and
the apical fourth is dark; each tibia is flavous near the base,
and the base of the third joint of antennae is pale; on a
second male the dark median fascia is extended to the sides
and narrowly connected along them with the apical blotch,
thus enclosing an oblique flavous mark on each elytron, the
fourth joint of the antennae as well as the third is also flavous
near the base. |
619
ANATISiS LAMINOSUS, Newm., Ooldea.
APOSITES LANATICOLLIS, Blackb., Kingunyah.
URACANTHUS ALBATUS, Lea, Leigh Creek.
U. ater, Lea, Ooldea.
PEMPSAMACRA DISPERSA, Newm., Parachilna.
ANCITA FASCICULATA, Blackb., Ooldea.
A. VARICORNIS, Germ., Orroroo, Parachilna.
SYMPHYLETES FUMATUS, Pasc., Clayton Creek.
PENTHEA PARDALIS, Newm.
Ploomexvi: fio 84:
The specimen figured represents a slight variety of the
species commonly labelled as pardalis in Australian collec-
tions; but the original description would fit many species of
the genus. Ooldea.
P. picta, Pasc., Ooldea.
MICROTRAGUS.
In Group Ill. Parmenides, Microtragus, and its close
allies are thus dealt with by Lacordaire (55) :—
Antennes rapprochées a leur base.
Dernier art. de tous les balpes ou des max. seuls
Pianeulaire .... res, BUY CIUS
Dernier art. des palpes nor rmal: prothorax
tuberculé sur les cétés.
Elytres ovalaires, arrondieés en arriere .... Microtragus
Elytres trés-attenuées et épineuses... .... Ceroegidion
Antennes plus ou moins distantes a leur base .... Athemistus
No doubt he had but few species and specimens under
examination, as the character noted for Stychus is a sexual
one, the male having the apical joint of each palpus consider-
ably dilated to the apex, so as to be triangular; this is also
the case with J/. mormon, and in several other species of
Microtragus, and in all the species of that genus before me
(where I can be certain of the sexes) the apical joint is more
or less variable sexually; Stychus, therefore, cannot be
maintained, as it was proposed solely upon this character,
the species, amycteroides, having been previously correctly
referred to Microtragus. Nor is the rounding of the apex of
the elytra to be relied upon, as on several species the apices
are conspicuously produced (although far from being spine-
like as on Ceroegidion). The main character of the table is
also unreliable, as in Athemistus howitti the antennae are
much closer together than in other species of A themistus, and
more like those of Microtragus; Athemistus, however, is
otherwise distinct.
(35) Gen. Coleopt., ix., p. 263.
620
I do not know eremitus and waterhouser, but the others
may be tabled as follows :—
A. Prothorax impunctate along middle (56) ... mormon
AA. Prothorax with punctures along middle. ;
B. Each elytron with two rows of isolated
tubercles.
a. Each elytron with two large tubercles
at Bese OG 3: basalis
aa. Kach elytron with but one larg ge
tubercle at base.
b. A conspicuous spot of pale clothing
near each shoulder ... .... ... ... quadrimaculatus
bb. Elytra not maculate ... | lictuosus
BB. Each elytron with two longitudinal
costae, (37)
C. Prothorax with two small conical
tubercles on disc, as well as a large
one on each side bifasciatus
CC. Prothorax without conical tubercles
on disc. |
D. Black spots on elytra all small and
isolated... arachne
DD. Black spots often conjoined to form
large irregular blotches... . senex
¢
Microrracus Luctrosus, Shuck. (Aforamus).
M. amycteroides, Pasc. (Stychus of Lacordaire).
M. pascoer, Thoms.
In Lacordaire’s Atlas two species are figured on plate 96
under the specific name of amycteroides :—
Stychus amycteroides, Pasc., fig. 4, from Australia,
Phantasis amycteroides, Pasc., fig. 5, from Africa ;
but the references to the figures are transposed, as figure 5
is quite evidently of the Australian beetle, it having but two
rows of tubercles on each elytron (Pascoe says “‘tuberculorum
servelus duabus,”’ and again, “each with two rows of stout
prominent tubercles’’), not at least three, as on the other
figure.
The description of J/ orimus luctuosus agrees well with the
specimens before me, and I have no doubt but that it is
synonymous with amycteroides, of which it has precedence.
It was recorded as from Tasmania by Shuckard, but the
locality was queried in Master’s Catalogue. I have only seen
(36) On ae variety stictious of arachne the punctures along
the middle of the pronotum are not actually visible, but their
positions are indicated through the clothing.
(57) The costae, owing to their clothing, frequently have an
appearance as of being broken up into tubercles, but even when
a ithe are divided off, they are connected with the costae by lower
ridges.
621
specimens from Southern Queensland, and believe the locality
Tasmania to have been given in error.
MICROTRAGUS QUADRIMACULATUS, Blackb.
A specimen from the Coen River (Queensland) agrees
with the description of this species; it resembles the preceding
species, but differs in being very much smaller, with the rows
of tubercles continued to much nearer the apex of elytra, thie
prothorax less coarsely sculptured on the disc, and the elytra
with four large pale spots; as the apical joint of each palpus
is rather thin the specimen is probably a female. |
MIcROTRAGUS SENEX, White.
Var. M. junctus, Blackb.
M. maculatus, Blackb.
M. albidus, Blackb.
Of twenty-nine specimens before me the elytral markings
are not exactly the same on any two, and they are not
exactly the same on the two sides of any individual ; but there
is frequently (in addition to other markings) a large black
blotch on each side near the base, and an irregular one on
the suture posteriorly, and such specimens agree well with the
figure of the type; but occasionally the markings are extended
over most of the surface, and are but brown and black,
instead of white, brown, and black. It varies greatly in size
also (10-20 mm.). On the male the apical joint of each palpus
is distinctly wider than on the female, but it is not triangu-
larly dilated as on the males of Juctwosus and mormon, the
sexes, however, may be readily distinguished by the hind
coxae, on the male (only) each of these at its inner angle has
a short upright tubercle, usually rather compressed and
sharply pointed, but occasionally shorter and subconical.
Junctus appears to be a variety of senex, having a some-
what narrower body, markings more diffused and elytra with
longer and more sinuous costae; although described as having
the costae joined posteriorly (and named junctus) a specimen
labelled by Blackburn as junctus certainly has not the costae
joined posteriorly, although they are fairly close to each other
at their tips. The type of maculatus appears also to have
been one of the many varieties of senez, it is now in the
British Museum, but the specimen identified as maculatus
trom the Elder Expedition is before me, and belongs to senex -
the costae on the elytra are rather more pronounced and more
sinuous than on the western forms, but there are connecting
specimens before me. Structurally two specimens labelled by
622
Blackburn as jgunctus and maculatus respectively, are in
perfect agreement.
The type of a/bidus is in the British Museum, and it
seems probable that it was also described from a form of
senex; the longitudinal impression on the head of that species
appears to vary with the condition of the pubescence, and
the humeral tubercles are also variable to a certain extent.
But I have seen no specimen of the genus agreeing with the
following details:—‘‘When closely examined this species
appears to be rather closely sprinkled all over with minute
snowy-white spots, such spots consisting of single white scales
interspersed with the darker ones.’’
The locality of the type of senex was unknown, but the
specimens before me are from North-western Australia
(Roebuck Bay and Derby), Northern Territory (Tennant
Creek, McDonnell Ranges, and Finke River) and South
Australia (North-western interior and Ooldea).
MICROTRAGUS ARACHNE, Pasc.
Var. WM. stecticus, Pase.
There are numerous specimens before me from Western
Australia (Geraldton, Fortescue River, and, Cue) and
Queensland (Dalby) that I refer to this species, which I
consider somewhat doubtfully distinct from senez, as its
general structure (including the sexual differences of the palpi
and hind coxae) is practically the same; but it may be
distinguished by the black spots on the elytra being always
isolated and usually rounded, the long hairs on the upper-
surface are also more numerous. Although none of the speci-
mens in the Museum could be said to have the elytral clothing
““‘pale lemon-yellow,’’ it is decidedly yellowish on some of
them, but on the majority it is of a more or less dingy-brown,
in places shading off to whitish grey; but even on the wey
dark specimens the black spots are conspicuous.
Mr. H. W. Brown has taken at Lake Austin and South:
ern Cross (in Western Australia) numerous specimens that
shave the pubescence almost uniformly greyish-white, the
setae white except on the antennae, tarsi, and part of the
tibiae, and the longer hairs dark and numerous; the dark
spots on the elytra are smaller and much less conspicuous
than on the typical form, and are sometimes more of a
reddish-brown than black. On some specimens the numerous
setae (not the hairs) on the elytra are conspicuously paler
than the depressed pubescence, but this is due to the latter
appearing darker through the infiltration of grease; such
specimens to a certain extent agree with Blackburn’s quoted
623
remarks on albidus, but on all of them the longitudinal
impression on the head is distinct only between and adjacent
to the antennary sockets. A male from Cooper Creek with
the coxal armature very light, is very densely clothed all over
with white pubescence, closely applied to the derm, in addition
with numerous rather short suberect setae (dark on the
pronotum and antennae, pale elsewhere), and over all with
long and fairly numerous erect dark hairs; on the elytra the
blackish spots are as on the typical form; the clothing in
general also (except as to its colour) is as on that form; the
large basal tubercles are more obtuse than usual.
Pascoe in describing stecticus, thought it was probably a
variety of arachne, and I am convinced that such is the case;
Blackburn identified a specimen from Narrabri (New South
Wales) as belonging to it, there was another in his collection
from Queensland, and I have seen two others from Queensland
that agree with these; they are all males, with the conspicuous
coxal armature of the male of arachne. The disc of the
pronotum is much more densely clothed than on the typical
form, thus obscuring the punctures, but I can find no
structural differences. Some specimens from the Daly River,
Darwin, and Wyndham, are smaller (84-114 mm.) than
usual, the elytral spots feebly defined and a vague fascia
connecting the prothoracic tubercles across the disc; the
pubescence on the pronotum is denser than on most: specimens
of arachne, but not so dense as on the variety sticticus.
MIcROTRAGUS MORMON, Pasc.
M. assimilis, Blackb.
On this species the sexual differences of the palpi are
quite as pronounced as on /Juctwosus; the pronotum has an
impunctate space along the middle, but on the basal half
there is a distinct groove. The length varies from 16 to 25
mm.
The type of assemilis is now in the British Museum, no
other specimen was in the Blackburn collection, nor was
mormon represented there ;-but I am convinced that assimilis
was described from a female of mormon, there are several
specimens in the South Australian Museum that agree well
with Blackburn’s description, and although Pascoe made no
mention of the lateral granules of the elytra, these are
sometimes but little in evidence. Blackburn considered that
assimilis differed from mormon ‘“‘by the absence of hairs’’
(but Pascoe did not mention any such), and by the apex of
elytra, but the tips of these are variable.
Two specimens in the Museum differ considerably from
the ordinary form; one, A, is a female from Kuminin (it: is
624
the only specimen I have seen from Western Australia) and
has the inner carina on each elytron shorter and more obtuse
than usual, and the outer one scarcely serrated. The other,
B, is a male from Mindarie, and has the prothorax wider and
more coarsely sculptured than usual (but with the impunctate
median space and longitudinal groove of the typical form),
the elytra with the inner costa on each strongly serrated, and
the outer one broken up into tubercles (much as on /uetuosus),
the apex is strongly notched, with the tips appearing as
oblique triangular flanges (8), The other specimens before me
are from Ardrossan, Corny Point, Crecy, Karoonda, Ooldea,
Pinnaroo, and Pungonda in South Australia, and Birchip and
Sea Lake in Victoria.
MICROTRAGUS BIFASCIATUS, Nl. sp.
Black; with dense, variegated clothing.
Head with large punctures traceable through clothing,
longitudinal impression distinct only between antennary
sockets. Antennae rather short and stout. Prothorar
strongly convex, slightly longer than wide; with a strong
conical tubercle on each side, and a smaller one on each side
of middle (these slightly closer to the lateral ones than to
each other); with dense, large, round, deep punctures,
partially obscured in middle. Scutellwm small and transverse.
Elytra elliptic-ovate, conjointly rounded at apex, each with
a large suberect subconical tubercle in middle of base, and
each with two rather obtuse costae, terminating slightly
beyond the post-median fascia; sides with larger punctures
than on prothorax, but smaller towards suture, and still
smaller posteriorly. Length, 93-11 mm.
Hab.—Queensland : el oe district (E. Allen and F. P.
Dodd). Type, I. 7806. :
Readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the
bifasciate elytra, and dense long hairs. ‘The pubescence is
dense all over and is mostly black, but whitish on parts of
the legs; on the elytra there are two conspicuous white
fasciae: one close to the base crossing the suture but not
touching the sides, the other just beyond the middle, not
crossing the suture and not touching the sides, beyond it the
pubescence is conspicuously brownish; over all there are
dense, long, and usually dark-brown hairs. The sexes may be
readily distinguished by the palpi, on the male the apical
joint of each of these is rather long, subovate, and the tip
widely truncated; the maxillary ones each with a shallow
(38) In some respects this specimen agrees with the description
of waterhouset.
625
fovea on the upper-surface; on the female the maxillary palpi
are not foveate, and all have the apical joint decidedly
narrower and scarcely more than half the width of those of
the male at the tip. |
MICROTRAGUS BASALIS, Nn. sp.
Black; closely covered with short, muddy-brown pubes-
cence; 1n addition with a few long dark hairs.
Head with large punctures, longitudinal impression
distinct only between antennary sockets. Antennae rather
stout and not very long. Prothorax slightly longer than wide,
with a stout subconical tubercle on each side and some vague
swellings on disc; with large, round, deep punctures, every-
where distinct. Sewtellum inconspicuous. L/ytra elliptic-
ovate, feebly notched at apex; each with two conspicuous
rows of tubercles, the inner commencing with a large sub-
conical one at base, and ending on summit of apical slope,
the other commencing near base, and ending on the slope,
in addition there is at the base on each side another large
tubercle; with large punctures on sides, becoming smaller
towards suture and posteriorly, but everywhere distinct.
Length, 7 mm.
Hab.—-Queensland: Mackay (Blackburn’s collection from
Sitar. turuer). Type (unique), I. 7807.
Alhed to quadrimaculatus, but smaller, non-maculate,
elytra with four large tubercles at base, etc. As the apical
joint of each palpus is subtriangular, and widely truncated
at the apex, the type is certainly a male. The pubescence on
the legs is partly whitish, the long hairs are fairly numerous
on the face and pronotum, but on the elytra they are confined
to the vicinity of the tubercles.
CHRYSOMELIDAE.
DITROPIDUS GYMNOPTERUS, Nn. sp.
Bronzy or coppery-bronze; legs (in parts infuscated),
antennae (from one to five apical joints infuscated), palpi,
and labrum testaceo-flavous. Moderately densely clothed
with depressed, white pubescence; the elytra glabrous.
Head flat between eyes; with small, partially concealed
punctures. Prothorax about twice as wide as the median
length, base strongly bisinuate; punctures more or less
concealed. Scutellum small, its apex rounded. Flytra lightly
narrowed posteriorly ; with distinct but not very large punc-
tures in light striae, the interstices (except the shoulders)
shagreened throughout. Length, 24-3 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Parachilna. Type, I. 8206.
626
A suboblong, metallic species, apparently allied to
hirticollis, but differing from description in the elytra and
scutellum ; it is about the length of pwbzcollis, but is narrower,
pubescence denser, elytra conspicuously shagreened, etc. ;
whitei is larger, with sparser pubescence, legs differently
coloured and elytra differently sculptured. The pygidium
on some specimens appears to have a median line, but this is
due to the pubescence.
DITROPIDUS DAVISI, Saund.
A specimen of this species with the head entirely pale
was taken at Ooldea.
. CANESCENS, Chp., Parachilna.
. cunEATUS, Chp., Ooldea, Parachilna.
. LENTULUS, Chp., Parachilna.
PUBICOLLIS, Chp., Parachilna.
. WHITEI, Lea, Ooldea.
ELAPHODES VULPINUS, Chp., Ooldea.
RHYPARIDA VAGANS, Lea, Ooldea.
PAROPSIS AENEIPENNIS, Chp., Ooldea.
P. HEMISPHAERICA, Chp., var. GLoBosa, Blackb., Cooper
Creek, Lakes Crossing.
P. wera, Stal., Ooldea.
P. morosa, Blackb., Ooldea. 7
CHRYSOMELA FULVILABRIS, Germ., Cooper Creek, Kop-
peramanna, Ooldea, Strzelecki Creek.
C. sansoni, Baly., Cooper Creek.
PHYLLOTRETA AUSTRALIS, Blackb., Ooldea.
Slelolene]
PSYLLIODES ARIDA, 0. Sp.
Dark brassy-green; under-surface piceous-brown, elytra
and legs flavous with a more or less brassy-green gloss,
antennae flavous, from one to five apical joints infuscated.
Head with coarse and rather dense punctures, becoming
much smaller and sparser on clypeus. Antennae ten-jointed,
first joint about as long as second and third combined, second
slightly longer than third. Prothorax almost twice as wide
as the median length, sides narrowly margined and with a
slight apical projection ; punctures rather crowded and sharply
defined, but smaller than on head; with a feeble median line.
Elytra with well-defined rows of moderately large punctures
in feeble striae; the interstices with minute punctures. Hind
femora very stout, about twice as long as greatest width ; hind
tibiae tridentate on each upper edge, and with an apical spur;
basal joint of hind tarsi as long as the rest combined. Lenget
23-3 mm.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea. Type, I. 5227.
627
Readily distinguished from all previously described
Australian species of the genus by its elytra much paler than
the prothorax. On most of the specimens the hind femora
are rather deeply infuscated in the middle. Nine specimens
were taken at Ooldea by Capt. White; a specimen in rather
poor condition, apparently belonging to this species, was
taken between Karoonda and Peebinga by Mr. G. E. H.
Wright. —
MEGAMERUS.
The sexual differences in this genus vary considerably
with the species. On the male of Aang: the apical joint of
each palpus is considerably dilated to the apex (subtriangular),
with the apex obliquely truncated and hollow; the basal
segment of its abdomen is shallowly grooved along the middle,
and the groove has denser clothing than on the adjacent parts
(on one male before me, however, the basal segment is not
grooved, and is but little less convex than on the female),
and the apical segment is feebly depressed in the middle. On
the female the apical joint of each palpus is much less
dilated (59) (subelliptic), the basal segment of the abdomen is
strongly convex along the middle, and the apical segment is
nowhere depressed. The species varies considerably in size
(84-103 mm.), and some specimens are more rugose than others.
It appears to be confined to Queensland, and has the hind
tibiae much more acutely produced at the outer apex than all
the other species here dealt with.
The type “) of mandibularis is a male, with the apical
joint of each palpus even more dilated than on the male of
Kingi; the apical half of each mandible is highly polished,
‘subelliptic in shape, and deeper than wide; it appears to be
scooped out where it slopes upwards to the basal half; the
basal segment of the abdomen is vaguely depressed along the
middle, but is without special clothing there.
Two new species are here described; but I am also
acquainted with two others, of which one is very small (104
mm.) and represented by a single female from Queensland in
the National Museum; of the other there are two females
‘in the South Australian Museum from Derby and Menzies
(the specimen from the latter locality is 33 mm., larger than
any species of the family as yet recorded from Australia) ; the
larger species has mandibles much as on mandibularis and
(39) Jacoby, in Wytsman’s Gen. Insect. Fasc., xvi., p. 2,
assumed the shape of the apical joint of the palpi to be constant,
_ but it is liable to both sexual and specific variation.
(40) We are indebted to Mr. Kershaw, of the National
Museum, for a loan of the type.
628
femoraulvs, but the elytra even more rugose (strongly vermicu-
late) than on ventralis.
The described species may be thus tabulated :—
Mandibles much deeper than wide on apical half.
Brown and front femora of male simple .. mandibularis
Black and front femora of male carinated ... femoralis
Mandibles wider than deep on apical half.
Male with a conspicuous pad on basal segment
of abdomen _... Pie 3a. vas ea er
Male without such a pad Sdngs ada re dat Chao gee
MEGAMERUS VENTRALIS, Nl. sp.
d. Black and shining. Under-surface with moderately
dense stramineous pubescence, becoming condensed into a
conspicuous pad on middle of basal segment of abdomen; a
few long hairs about eyes, upper-lip with a conspicuous fringe
of golden setae.
Head with moderately dense punctures, becoming crowded
in front. Mandibles coarsely sculptured about base, apical
half shining and hghtly curved. Antennae moderately stout,
conspicuously passing hind coxae, eleventh joint about once
and one half the length of tenth, its tip conical and subappen-
diculate. Apical joint of each palpus rather stout, dilated
from base to about middle, and then parallel-sided to apex,
with a shallow depression near outer apex. Prothorax lightly
transverse, sides rather strongly rounded and widest near
apex ; irregularly depressed, wrinkled, and finely shagreened,
punctures sparser and somewhat smaller than on head.
Elytra much wider than prothorax, widest across shoulders ;
striation well-defined but somewhat irregular on sutural two-
thirds, ill-defined elsewhere; interstices irregularly trans-
versely impressed, and with a few punctures, becoming
vermiculate towards sides. Basal segment of abdomen widely
and shallowly depressed along middle, apical segment lightly
foveate. Legs comparatively short; hind femora strongly
angulate but scarcely dentate; hind tibiae conspicuously
dilated to apex. Length (¢, 9), 20-25 mm.
Q . Differs in being stouter, eyes less prominent, antennae
not extending to hind coxae, basal segment of abdomen
evenly convex and without special clothing, apical segment
non-foveate, and angulation of hind femora less conspicuous.
Hab.—North-western Australia (Blackburn’s collection) ;
Western Australia (National Museum from C. French). Type
3, I. 4153, in South Australian Museum; type 9, in
National Museum.
The specimen from the Blackburn collection is certainly
a male, but the apical joint of each of its palpi is much less
629
dilated to the apex than on the males of the other known
species, and scarcely differs from that of its own female; the
mandibles are sexually much alike, and without any striking
peculiarity. The tip of each antenna is somewhat reddish.
The elytra of mandibularis were described as “anaequaliter
punctulato-rugosis et fortiter transversim rugatis,’’ but they
are much less conspicuously rugose than those of the present
species, and have more conspicuous punctures; there are also
many other differences of the palpi, abdomen, etc.
MEGAMERUS FEMORALIS, 0. sp.
3. Black and highly polished. Under-surface moderately
clothed with stramineous pubescence, the abdomen more
sparsely than the sterna; with a few long hairs near eyes,
upper-lip with a very conspicuous fringe of golden setae.
Head with rather dense punctures, becoming crowded in
front, with a large irregular depression in front of antennae.
Mandibles coarsely punctured and concave at base; apical half
suddenly compressed so as to be deeper than wide, highly
polished and impunctate. Antennae long and thin, passing
hind coxae, tip subconical. Apical joint of each palpus
strongly dilated from base to apex, the apex slightly longer
than the inner side, but shorter than the outer. Prothorax
lightly transverse, sides strongly rounded and widest near
apex; irregularly depressed, wrinkled, and finely shagreened,
the wrinkles deep and very conspicuous on the lower sides of
the base; punctures smaller and sparser than on head. Hlytra
much wider than prothorax, widest across shoulders, with
somewhat irregular rows of distinct punctures, which towards
apex become transversely confluent, interstices also with
punctures. Basal segment of abdomen lightly impressed along
middle; the apical segment wih a rather large fovea. Front
femora on one side towards apex somewhat scooped out, the
excavated portion bounded behind by a vertical ridge, hind
pair strongly angulate; hind tibiae strongly dilated to and
sinuous at apex. Length (d, 9), 24-26 mm.
@. Differs in having less prominent eyes, much shorter
antennae, palpi with apical joint considerably narrower (but
still dilated from base to apex), abdomen strongly and evenly
convex along middle, legs somewhat shorter, with the' excava-
tion and ridge of the front femora less distinct.
Hab.—South Australia: Ooldea, Murray River, Western
Australia: Cue. Type I. 8209.
On the male the apical joint of each palpus is much as
on mandibularis, but the subapical joint is considerably
stouter ; the mandibles are similar except that the apical half
630
of each is even more conspicuously scooped out, they scarcely
differ sexually; but the apical joint of each palpus on the
female is decidedly longer than wide. The species, however,
may be readily distinguished from mandibularis by the front
femora.
MONOLEPTA INTERRUPTA, Nl. Sp.
Head behind eyes, elytra, metasternum (except episterna
which are black), and abdomen metallic bluish-green; head
in front of eyes (the tip of muzzle infuscated), prothorax
and legs (parts of the tarsi lightly infuscated) flavous;
antennae (parts of four basal joints obscurely flavous), parts
of palpi and scutellum blackish. Under-surface and legs
sparsely pubescent.
Head with small punctures, with some irregular depres-
sions between eyes, and between antennae with three short
elevations, conjoined to form a thick Y. Antennae moderately
long and rather stout, second and third joints small and
subequal, their combined length scarcely equal to that of
fourth. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, each side of
base with a slight angular projection; with a rather deep
transverse impression, suddenly interrupted in middle; punc-
tures rather more distinct than on head. J#lytra finely
shagreened; and with dense and rather small but sharply
defined punctures; epipleurae each traceable beyond the
middle to near apex as a narrow rim. Length, 34 mm.
Hab.—South Australha: Parachilna. Type (unique), I.
8207.
In Blackburn’s table (ante, 1896, pp. 100-102) would be
associated with pictefrons and occidentalis; from the former
it is distinguished by its larger size and metallic elytra, and
from the description of the latter by its smaller size, base of
head not of the same colour as the elytra, and by the four
basal joints of the antennae being only partly pale.
MONOLEPTA DIVISA, Blackb., Parachilna.
‘M. TaRsatis, Blackb., Cooper Creek, Parachilna.
TOMYRIS VIRIDULA, Er., Ooldea.
COCCINELLIDAE.
COCCINELLA TRANSVERSALIS, Fab., Cooper Creek, Ooldea,
Parachilna.
RHIZOBIUS LINDI, Blackb., Ooldea. 7
R. noctuaBunbus, Lea, Frome Well, Lakes Crossing,
Parachilna. |
R. PULCHER, Blackb., Ooldea.
SCYMNUS FLAVIFRONS, Blackb., Ooldea, Parachilna.
CYREMA NIGELLUM, Blackb., Ooldea.
631
(0) BOTANY.
By J. M. Brack.
Puates XXXVIII. tro XLIII.
This list comprises 153 species collected by Capt. S. A.
White in the course of the expedition, during September and
October, 1916. It records two species which are believed to
be new to science, in the genera Panicum and Helipterum.
The other new records are :—
For South Australia—Kochia planifolia, F. v. M.;
Dicrastylis Costellovr, F. M. Bailey.
For Tate’s District C—Calamagrostis aemula, Steud. ;
Alopecurus geniculatus, L.; Panicum divaricatissimum,
R. Br.; P. gracile, R. Br.; Heleocharis acuta, R. Br.; Blen-
nodia nasturtioides, Benth. ; Gnephosis cyathopappa, Benth. ;
Podolems Lessonu, Benth.; Helipterum pygmaeum, Benth.
The country between Strzelecki Creek, Cooper Creek, and
the Diamantina was first explored by Capt. Charles Sturt,
and the plants collected were dealt with by Robert Brown in
a botanical appendix to vol. u. of the “Narrative of an
Expedition into Central Australia during the years 1844-46.’”
The next collector in this district was A. C. Gregory, leader
of the Barcoo Expedition in search of Leichhardt. In 1858
he descended the Barcoo into South Australia and found it to
be identical with the Cooper Creek of Sturt. His plants were
enumerated in a report by Mueller. A. W. Howitt, leader
of the expedition for the relief of Burke and Wills, reached
Cooper Creek in September, 1861. In the third volume of his
“Fragmenta”’ (1863) Mueller mentions Dr. Wheeler and Dr.
J. Murray as botanical collectors in Howitt’s expedition, and
several of their plants are-there recorded by him. Dr. H.
Beckler was botanist to the Burke and Wills expedition, but
did not advance further than the Barrier Range. The new
records made in this district by Mr. Rodney Cockburn in
June, 1916, have been mentioned in these Transactions, xl.,
459.
Alien species are indicated by an asterisk.
Additions in brackets are Capt. White’s field
notes. He writes: —“The term ‘flooded ground’ does not
mean that the ground was under water at the time, but indi-
cates that it is hard soil periodically subject to floods, either
632
from the overflow of creeks or flats on to which the surround-
ing hills (mostly sandhills) throwthe water during rain. Our
visit took place some few weeks after heavy rains.”
MARSILEACEAE.
Marsilea Drummondu, A. Braun. “Nardoo.’ Mount
Lyndhurst; between Innamincka and Kanowana, [Very
plentiful along the Strzelecki and Cooper Creek; in some
instances the leaves and fruit were very large. |
a
GRAMINEAE.
Kragrostis setrfolia, Nees, ann. 1843 (H. chaetophylia,
Steud., ann. 1855). Strzelecki Creek, 40 miles south-west of
Innamincka; Mungeranie. A grass varying in height from
20 to 50 cm. [A common grass growing round claypans and
waterholes ; also found in the valleys between sandhills.| Z.
Brownu, Nees. Six miles north-east of Farina. [Growing
in tussocks on stony tablelands.| L. falcata, Gaud. Murteree,
Strzelecki Creek. [Found growing on flooded ground; does
not seem to be relished by stock. |
Calamagrostis aemula, Steud. (Deyeuaxia Forstert, Roem.
et Schult.). Strzelecki Creek. [Often seen growing in a mass
round claypans which had recently held water. This grass is
eaten by stock. | ee |
Alopecurus genculatus, L. Strzelecki Creek; Mount
Hopeless. [Growing sparsely in a very poor country, 6 to 8
inches high. |
Spnifex paradoxus, Benth. (pl. xxxvii., fig. 1). Peter-
morra Spring. [A great sand-binder, covering hundreds of
miles of sandhill country, and where it is not eaten down by
stock keeps the sand from drifting ; grows in large bushes up to
5 feet in height.} Capt. White states that the S. paradoxus,
which covers miles of sandhills, is known among the white men
as “‘Cane-grass,’’ and he has never heard that: name applied to
Glycerta ramigera. J. H. Maiden (Useful Nat. Pl. of Aust.,
90) and F. Turner (Aust. Grasses, p. xvi.) give the name of
“Cane-grass” to G'. ramigera.
Panicum divaricatissimum, R. Br., var. ammophilum,
F. v. M. Mungeranie. Lower spikelet of each pair pedicellate.
{Not a common grass; only found near the water flowing from
Mungeranie Bore.]| VP. gracile, R. Br. Innamincka. [Only
met with in the one locality. | |
Panicum Whitei, sp. ova (tab. i ae Fe Gramen
verisumiliter perenne circiter 30 cm. altum, caulibus gracilibus
erectis vel geniculatis, foliorum laminis lanceolatis 5 mm.
latis, vaginis nonnullis tuberculatis vel pilosis, ligula brevi
633
ciliata, paniculae circiter 15 cm. longae ramis alternis capil-
laribus divisis demum patentibus, rhachi communi pilis longis
obsitd, spiculis omnibus pedicellatis acuminatis 3 mm. longis,
glumad infimad truncato-acuminatad I mm. longa subtiliter
3-nervid, glumis secundd et tertid subaequalibus 9-nervirs,
gluma tertid paleam inclusam triente superante, glumd fructe-
fera fusca mtente 7-nervia.
Strzelecki Creek, south-west of Innamincka; Cooper
Creek, at Cuttapirie Corner. There is also a specimen in the
Tate Herbarium from Cootenoorina Creek (west of Oodna-
datta), and placed under P. effusum. Nearest to P. bicolor,
R. Br., from which it differs in the broader leaves, the hairy
rhachis of the panicle, the lowest glume only one-third as long
as the spikelet, and probably also in the distinct nervation of
the fruiting glume. P. bicolor belongs to the coastal regions
of Kastern Australia, while the new species, named in honour
of the collector, is a desert grass. [Seen in many localities
growing on ground lately flooded by heavy rains; forms good-
sized clumps and stools out all round ; stock seem to relish it;
also forms a food for seed-eating birds.
Astrebla pectinata, F. v. M. “Mitchell Grass.” East
of Mungeranie; Mount Hopeless. [This grass was mostly
found growing on the tableland country. |
Chloris acicularis, Lindl. East of Mungeranie, Innamincka.
Spikelets larger than usual; second outer glume 7-10 mm. long ;
flowering glume 7-9 mm. long; leaves flat, scabrous down-
wards with minute, rigid hairs, visible under the lens; ligule
very short, ciliate. [Often found growing round the crab-
holes on tableland country, and attaining a height of 2 feet
at times. |
Pollma fulva, Benth. Mirra Mitta Creek; east of
Mungeranie.
~Traaphis mollis, R. Br., var. humilis, Benth. Inna-
mincka; Mungeranie; Carraweena. I have also this variety
from Mount Gunson (Mrs. Beckwith). [This handsome-headed
grass was found on flooded ground. |
Pappophorum avenaceum, Lindl. Innamincka; Strze-
lecki Creek, south-west of Innamincka. [Met with in many
localities; seems to be of a dwarf nature. |
Diplachne loluformis, F. v. M. Between Innamincka
and Kanowana; Mount Hopeless. Dwarf specimens 6-10 cm.
high.
Bromus arenarius, Labill. Mount Lyndhurst.
*Trisetum pumilum, Kunth. At Mount Lyndhurst this
is a dwarf grass only 3 cm. high; at Woolshed Flat and
Hawker it grows with erect stems to a height of about 20 cm.,
and then much resembles another alien grass, Koeleria
634
Michelu. [Found near dry watercourses on the tablelands;
introduced by sheep most likely. |
Aristida stvpoides, R. Br.* Between Innamincka and
Kanowana. [Growing amongst gibber stones. |
Stepa scabra, Lindl. Six miles north-east of Farina.
[Found growing in most stony localities. |
Glycerra ramigera, F. v. M. Cuttapirie Corner, Cooper
Creek. To the descriptions of this curious grass given by
Mueller and Bentham should be added:—Palea glabrous on
nerves, readily splitting into two halves; lodicules distinct ;
grain oblong, loosely enclosed in the membranous pericarp.
Sporobolus actinocladus, F. v. M. Mount Hopeless. The
leaves of all my specimens of this species, and also of those
in the Tate Herbarium, are shortly scabrous-ciliate.
Triodia pungens, R. Br. “Porcupine grass.” Lake Peri-
gundi. Spikelets rather larger than in Bentham’s description
—10-12 mm. long, and the flowering glume 6-7 mm. long.
This species was found by Helms on the Arkaringa Creek in
1891, and has therefore been already recorded for South
Australia. [Met with this plant at Lake Perigundi for the
first time; not in any quantity. |
Panicum leucophaeum, H. B. et K. Innamincka. [This
grass was growing amongst the stones on tablelands. |
Plagiosetum refractum, Benth. Fifteen miles west of
Innamincka. To the descriptions of Mueller and Bentham
should be added that the flattened panicle branches (or
peduncles of the involucres) sometimes bear 3 and even 4
spikelets. Where there are 4, the 2 central ones are arranged
on the central pedicel (or branch of the involucre), one near
its thickened base and the other at its summit, while the 2
others stand somewhat higher on lateral pedicels, and have
also bunches of the long involucral bristles behind them.
{This grass was met with in the sandhill country to the south
of the Cooper; stock eat it; only seen once or twice. |
Eriochloa punctata (l.), Hamilt. The typical form,
with spikelets 3-4 mm. long and pedicels and rhachis of spikes
minutely pubescent, was collected between Innamincka and
Kanowana. Then there is another form from Mungeranie,
with similar pubescence on pedicels and rhachis, but the
pedicels have also a few long hairs at the summit, and the
spikelets are 9-10 mm. long. I have exactly similar spikelets
from Oodnadatta. These specimens, with the outer glumes
three times as long as the type, would appear to constitute a
very marked variety, were it not that intermediate forms,
with the spikelets 5-8 mm. long, are-to hand from Mount
Gunson (Mrs. Beckwith) and from Torrens Plain and Gidia
Creek (Tate Herbarium). These may, perhaps, represent /.
635
annulata, Kunth!, var. acrotricha, Benth (Fl. Aust., vi.,
463), although nothing is there said which would imply spike-
lets as long as those under consideration. As the only tangible
distinction between /. punciata and EF. annulata is a slight
difference in the hairiness of the axis of the panicle and its
branches, the two species should probably be united, but this
must be done under the name of #. punctata, and not of FH.
polystachya, H. B. et K. (ann. 1815), as advocated by
Mueller. This grass was originally called Milium punctatum,
L., Syst. ed. 10, 872 (1759), so that, when the species is trans-
ferred to Hriochloa, Hamilton’s name is correct. [Found
growing in the dry sandy beds of creeks, and in some instances
very luxuriantly; the typical form was found round the
margins of lakes and on flooded ground. |
CYPERACEAE.
Heleocharis acuta, R. Br. Strzelecki Creek. Spikelets
10-30 mm. long; hypogynous bristles usually 8-9. [Generally
found growing close to waterholes or near springs. |
PROTEACEAE.
Grevillea stenobotrya, F. v. M. Lake Perigundi. This
species was found in 1913 by Capt. White near Macumba
Station, which was its first record for South Australia proper.
Leaves 9-18 cm. long. [Found in the sandhill country ; trees
growing 15 to 20 feet high; flowers containing much honey ;
ground under bushes covered with thick mass of fallen
leaves. |
Hakea leucoptera, R. Br. (pl. xxxviu,, fig. 2). Mirra
Mitta Creek. [Sparsely distributed all over the sandhill
country, attaining a height of 15 to 20 feet. Many of these
“needle bushes’? were in full flowef, and could be detected
at some distance by the sweet. odour. I doubt if anything
will eat this bush except as a last resource from starvation. |
CHENOPODIACEAE.
Atriplex velutinellum, F. v. M. Murteree, Strzelecki
Creek. [Large bushes of this plant were seen, much new
growth having been made since the rain.]| A. limbatum,
Benth. Between Innamincka and Kanowana. [A commou
plant on the Cooper.| A. spongiosum, F. v. M. Innamincka.
{Following the good season, this saltbush had grown abund-
antly, making good stock feed. ]
Bassia paradoxa (R. Br.), F. v. M. Lake Perigundi ;
Mount Hopeless. What appears a very distinct, large-headed,
and broad-leaved form was gathered on the Strzelecki Creek,
near Innamincka, on September 29. The fruiting heads are
636
12-15 mm. in diameter, and the perianths, instead of the
usual spine at the base of each, or some of the lobes, have
a short blunt horn, while the leaves are 15-25 mm. long and
5-7 mm. broad. As the seeds are ripe and yet no spines are
apparent, this should perhaps be classed as a new variety,
but then we sometimes find spineless perianths in the normal
form, so that it is advisable to await the results of further
research. Mueller (Frag., vii., 11) mentions that the leaves
of B. paradoxa sometimes attain a breadth of 6 mm. | Very
plentiful over most of the country, and camels seem to be the
only animals who will eat it, at least when the spiny fruiting
heads are formed.| #. biflora (R. Br.), F. v. M. Murteree.
The form in which the flower-heads contain 3-4 perianths.
{A good deal of this plant was met with near to Strzelecki
Creek, growing mostly on low sandy country.| B. lanicuspis,
F.v. M. Lake Perigundi. This is the form with 3-5 spines
to each fruiting perianth, as figured on pl. lxxx. of Mueller’s
“Salsolaceous Plants,” but not described anywhere, as far as
I know. The long hairs of the perianth and spines are some-
times fulvous, as in specimens from Tarcoola and Farina, or
white, as in those from Lake Perigundi; perianth-lobes erect,
2 mm. long; seed obliquely placed, gibbous at summit, owing
to the ascending radicle. JB. sclerolaenoides, F. v. M. Mount
Hopeless.
Salsola Kali, WU. Tinga-tingana;. Strzelecki Creek.
[Growing in great masses on sandhills; young plants are deep
green, and as they dry off go brown, become detached from
the sand, and blow away, rolling for miles. |
Kochia aphylla, R. Br. Mount Hopeless. A. coronata,
J. M. Black. Murteree; Strzelecki Creek. [Found mostly
on the tablelands.] KA. planifolia, F. v. M. Mount Lynd-
hurst; Mount Hopeless; also Mount Gunson (Mrs. Beckwith) ;
between Moorilyanna Native Well and Everard Range (S. A.
White); Fowler Bay (Tate Herbarium). First record for
South Australia, although Mr. F. Turner noted it for the
Barrier Ranges, New South Wales, and figured it in his
“Forage Plants of Australia” (1891). It has probably been
confused in the past with K. sedifolia, F. v. M. (“Bluebush’’),
from which it differs in its flatter and shortly-stalked leaves.
All my specimens have a stellate tomentum on the lobes and
tube of the perianth, and if this is constant, it should form
another means of distinguishing this species from K. sedzfolia
and villosa. [Most abundant on tablelands. |
Chenopodium auricomum, Lindl. Caraweena. Stem-
leaves mostly hastate and very obtuse. [Growing in the dry
bed of the Strzelecki Creek near a soakage well to the height
of 4 feet.] Ch. nitrariacewm, F. v. M. Cuttapirie Corner.
637
{A common bush on the country over which the Cooper over-
flows at times; attains the height of 8 to 10 feet. |
Enchylaena tomentosa, R. Br. Lake Perigundi. [This
was rather a common bush round Lake Perigundi, and it was
in full fruit at the time, the berries forming food for many
birds. |
AMARANTACEAE.
Ptilotus latifolius, R. Br. East of Mungeranie. [On
stony tablelands in one locality only. |
Trichintum alopecuroideum, F. v. M. Murteree. [Large
bushes of this plant were common in the sandhill country. |
Alternanthera nodifiora, R. Br. Strzelecki Creek, near
Innamincka. [Common plant, found in or close to water. |
| AIZOACEAE.
eAizoon quadrifidum, F.v. M. (pl. xl., figs. 1, 2). “Native
Iceplant.” Sandhills between Cuttapirie Corner and Kanowana.
{This plant grew in dense round bushes 12 to 18 inches high, a
few acres on the sand presenting a lovely sight in the mass of
star-shaped white flowers with the appearance of being
sprinkled with sparkling water. |
Mollugo hirta, Thunb. Innamincka. [This very pretty
flowering plant was not common. | :
PoRTULACACEAE.
Portulaca australis, Endl.(?) Leaves oblong with short
stipular hairs; flowers 3-4, sessile in clusters among floral
leaves; sepals about 7 mm. long; petals yellow, about 12 mm.
long ; stamens over 30; style 6-7 mm. long; style-branches 4,
shorter than the style.
Calandrinia balonnensis, Lindl.(?) Kanowana. This
has all the characters of the species, except that the seeds are
smooth and shining, instead of concentrically reticulate, and
the styles are free. It is perhaps the plant with 5 petals
which Mueller records as having been found between Youldeh
(Ooldea) and Charlotte Waters and near Wills Creek, and
which he considered was either a very similar species to C.
plecopetala, or a variety of the same. [This “parakilia” was
not nearly so plentiful as one would imagine it would be in
_ that sandy country; no doubt this is due to rabbits, over- -
stocking, and the drought. |
CRUCIFERAE.
Blennodia lasiocarpa, F. v. M. Murteree: Tuinga-
tingana; sandhills 15 miles west of Innamincka. The pods
638
from the last-named locality are pubescent with short stellate
hairs. [Has a wide range, and was met with all over the
sandhill country.| £. canescens, R. Br. (pl. xh., fig. 1). Lake
Blanche. The linear-cylindrical pods are sometimes 5 cm.
long. The specimens agree with other northern ones except
that the seeds are bordered by a rather broad wing, while
those of the type are, as usual in the genus, quite wingless.
I therefore propose calling this variety pterosperma. Capt.
White says the flowers resemble those of a garden stock -and
vary from white to pink. B. tmsecta, Benth. Mount Lynd-
hurst. [Oniy met with in the stony country.| B. carda-
minoides, F. v. M. Tinga-tingana, Strzelecki Creek. These
far-northern specimens are more or less covered with rather
long, simple or forked hairs, otherwise they agree with
specimens from the Murray which have the typical stellate
pubescence. |Common plant, eaten by goats and sheep. |
B. nasturtioides, Benth. Lake Blanche.
Menkea sphaerocarpt, F. v. M. Lake Blanche; Mount
Lyndhurst. Mueller, in his original description, says the
petals are purple; Tate, in his Extratrop., Fl. 8. Austr., 17,
says “petals yellow.’’ The dried petals in our specimens
appear distinctly yellow.
Lemdium phlebopetalum, F. v. M. Trinity Well. JL.
papillosum, F. v. M. Trinity Well; Innamincka; Mount
Hopeless. [Widely distributed; found growing throughout
the country, and varies much as to size. |
CAPPARIDACEAE. |
Capparis Mitchellu, Lindl. ‘Native Orange.’’ Cooper
Creek. [Several of these trees were met with, generally on
the edge of the sandy country; the branches are thickly.
covered with sharp recurved spines; a shapely tree. |
PITTOSPORACEAE.
Pittosporum phillyracoides, DC. East of Mungeranie.
The usual narrow-leaved, small-fruited form found in the Far
North. [Small clumps of these shrubs were met with on stony
tablelands, covered in bright-orange fruit,. often es
height of 20 feet. |
LEGUMINOSAE.
Trigonella suavissima, Lindl. Murteree; between Inna-
mincka and Kanowana. [Found growing in damp localities
along the creek and near waterholes. |
Lotus australis, Andr., var. parviflorus, Benth. Lake
Blanche. [Fairly plentiful on the lower Strzelecki; growing
in other bushes for protection from stock. | |
639
Psoralea patens, Lindl. Mirra Mitta Creek. [This
common plant was growing in great abundance along the
ereeks and lakes.] P. errantha, Benth. Between Innamincka
and Kanowana. [Bushes up to 2 feet in height, and covered
in blossom were found growing in the sandhills. |
Swainsona campylantha, F. v. M. Strzelecki Creek,
near Innamincka; Mount Hopeless; Devils Village, near
Mount Lyndhurst. Bentham appears to have seen only the
very young pod, which he describes as “‘sessile and glabrous.”
The ovary is almost sessile, but is silky-pubescent (as has
been already noted by Mueller, Fragm., 11., 46). The half-
ripe pods on our specimens have attained a iength of 25 mm.,
are becoming glabrous, are ripening only 2-3 seeds, and taper
at the base into a stipes of 4-5 mm. The standard is not
orbicular, but always considerably broader than long. The
specimens from Devils Village are only 15 cm. high. | Met
with in many localities, and varies in height according to
richness of soil; those ‘plants found in watercourses reach
4 or 5 feet high, while on poor stony soil only a few inches. |
S. phacoides, Benth. Between Innamincka and Kanowana ;
Lake Blanche. [Met with in many localities; strange to say,
in nearly every instance the leaves had dropped off or had
been eaten off by insects, leaving the bare flower-stems.] S.
procumbens, F. v. M. Mount Hopeless. A small, apparently
erect form, with about 9 leaflets, keel twice as long as wings,
*and the spirally-twisted style at least twice as long as the
ovary. S. oligophylla, F. v. M. Strzelecki Creek, south-west
of Innamincka. |This seems to be a stunted species growing
in small ¢lumps.] S. microphylia, A. Gray. Tinga-tingana ;
Caraweena. |Not a common plant; found in one or two
places in the sandhills; grows to 12 or 18 inches high.] At
Farina was collected a puzzling specimen, with the small
flowers of S. Jessertufolia but a thicker style, 7 blunt linear
leaflets, like some forms of S. phacifolia, but narrow stipules.
Crotalaria Cunninghamii, R_ Br., n. var. trifoliolata.
Variat folus nonnullis trefoliolatis. “Stuart Pea.’’ Strzelecki
‘Creek. The discovery of this variety proves that (. Cunning-
hamu, like C’. dissitiflora, may have either 1 or 3 leaflets. Our
specimen shows only the upper part of the stem: the upper-
most leaf consists of 1 leaflet, the next 3 leaves are of 3 leaflets
each, the lateral ones rather smaller than the terminal. In
all other respects the specimen agrees with the type. [Small
‘patches were met with, but not in any great quantities. |
Cassia Sturtu, R. Br. Mount Lyndhurst; Mungeranie.
‘Leaflets in 2-3 pairs, obovate-oblong, grey-tomentose, with
a conspicuous depressed gland between each pair: pods not
640
yet ripe, very flat, many of them 15-18 mm. broad. A
form very near CU’. desolata, F. v. M., but very hairy, and
the leaflets usually in 3 pairs. There is a specimen from
Murteree, with the leaves similarly clothed, but narrower
and in 3-4 pairs. |Many bushes were met with covered in
large, flat green seed-pods, while at other times they were
a blaze of yellow blossoms.| C. eremophila, A. Cunn. Mur-
teree. [A common shrub, covered at the time in bright,
sweet-smelling blossoms; in some instances grew 6 or 7 feet
high. |
Bauhinia’ Carronu, F. v. M. © “Queensland Bean.”
Caraweena. {Met with on the Strzelecki Creek at Birkett’s
Woolshed Waterhole for the first time, after which they
were plentiful all the way to the Cooper; a shapely tree of
dark-green foliage, and in some instances covered in bean-
pods. We met with it for a considerable way down the
Cooper. |
Acacia brachystachya, Benth. (A. cibaria, F. v. M.).
“Mulga.”’ Near Mirra Mitta Creek (fruiting) ; Kanowana (in
flower). Phyllodes 4-10 cm. long x 2 mm. broad ; pods com-
pressed, 2-6 cm. long x 6-7 mm. broad; valves pubescent
and marked with broad, yellowish, branching nerves; seeds
longitudinal and 2 to 3 in each pod; funicle almost as in
A. aneura. {This is the most common species of the genus,
but in many places it has been badly punished by stock,
being killed off in some localities.}| A. Oswaldu, F. v. Ms
Murteree ; Carraweena; Cuttapirie Corner; Lake Perigundi—
Phyllodes narrow, young ones silver-pubescent; Mount
Lyndhurst—Phyllodes broader, young ones golden-pubescent.
[A Jow shrub, often found on the banks of dry watercourses ;
foliage thick and often weeping in habit.| A. cteaphylla,
F. v. M. Devils Village, near Mount Lyndhurst. - [Shrubs
8 to 10 feet high; were seen along watercourses; they were
all covered in large seed-pods.|] A. salicona, Lindl. (pl. xli.,
fig. 2). Mount Hopeless; Lake Perigundi. [Growing in
sandhill country to the height of 8 feet, umbrella-shaped,
drooping over from the top, almost in the form of a mushroom.
Those growing on the tablelands scarcely seem to be the same
species. They are shrubs of straggling and open growth, quite
different in external appearance from those on the sandhills. |
Note on Acacia salicina anv A. varians.—As stated above
by Capt. White, 4. saliciuna varies remarkably, and not only
in the compact or diffuse arrangement of the branches, but
in several other characters. While, however, its variability
is acknowledged, I would here suggest that we confine the
name to the shrubby growths, and no longer treat a fine tree
like the Native Willow as a variety of the Umbrella Bush.
641
An endeavour is here made to distinguish satisfactorily
between the two species.
A. varians, Benth. (A. salicona, Lindl., var. varians,
Benth.), The “Native Willow,” or “Broughton Willow,” of
South Australia; the “Cooba,’’ of New South Wales. A large
tree, 6-12 m. high, inhabiting moist situations, especially
the flats along running creeks or rivers. Near the Rocky
River I have found the trunk up to 50 cm. in diameter. The
branches start a long way above the base ; the branchlets droop
gracefully towards the ground. The flower-heads are few
and pale yellow; some of the racemes are slightly branched
and leafy, so that the inflorescence is really a small, droop-
ing, leafy panicle. The pods are thick and woody, with obtuse
‘edges, and without any or with very slight constriction
between the seeds; the ripe valves do not break transversely
between the seeds, as do those in A. salicona. The pods are
few, and I think this paucity of flowers and fruit is due to
the fact that A. varians propagates itself principally by
suckers, which form young plants around the parent stem;
at least that is my experience with trees growing near the
Rocky River. Habitat—The Broughton River and _ its
affluent, the Rocky, between Laura and Gladstone; Baroota
Creek, where it issues from the Flinders Range; Mount
Lyndhurst (Max Koch); Oodnadatta and further north (S.
A. White); and probably in many other parts of the State.
I have not seen it on the Murray, but it should be found
there, as it has been reported from that river in Victoria,
and from its tributaries, the Darling and Lachlan, in New
South Wales. The type was collected by Mitchell in 1846
on the Balonne River, Queensland. When reducing it to
var. varians (Fl. Aust., 11., 367), Bentham wrote:—“It is
generally a very distinct form, and it is with some hesitation
that I have followed F. Mueller in considering it a variety
only of A. salicina.”” Bentham gave this opinion on herbarium
specimens; if he had seen the Native Willow and the
Umbrella Bush in their Australian home it is probable that
he would have persisted in treating A. varians as a separate
species. Capt. White has furnished me with the following
interesting note: —“Of course it is very difficult to judge the
natural growth of acacias in a country which has once been
stocked, because all kinds of stock will feed upon them, and
camels are specially fond of acacias, and can usually reach
the topmost branches. There is a tree much resembling the
Native Willow growing in the country north and west of
Oodnadatta, and, for all I know, it may be the Willow grow-
ing in a dry country, but I thought it differed somewhat
from the tree known as the Native Willow, and growing at
Vv
642
the southern end of the Flinders Range. The people north
of Oodnadatta call the tree in question the ‘Native Willow,’
and there is a ‘Willow Well,’ so named from two of these
fine trees growing close by.” I may add that the specimens
brought back by Capt. White from Dalhousie Springs and
Oodnadatta have the pod of A. varians, and in his field notes
with reference to the same he says:—‘‘The Native Willow
grows into quite a tree, 40 feet or so high, with very elegant
drooping foliage, and is always found where there is
moisture.’’
A. salicona, Lindl. The “Umbrella Bush,” at least as
regards its more compact forms. Always a shrub, although
sometimes a large one, usually 2-4 m. in height; all the
branches rigid, the lowest ones springing from near the base’
and their ends sometimes sweeping the ground, the branchlets
spreading or ascending. Flower-heads bright yellow, 1-5, in
numerous short racemes; pods rigid, more or less constricted
between the seeds, with acute edges, and the ripe valves
splitting readily between the seeds. Appears to propagate
itself only by seeds. Grows in dry places and often in very
dry country, from Robe to the northern boundary of the
State, extending eastward to Renmark and westward at. least
as far as Ooldea. The pods, even on the same plant, display
remarkable variety in the amount of constriction. A small,
compact, maritime form, of Kangaroo Island and Yorke
Peninsula and Port Lincoln, with oblong-linear leaves and
valves thinner and uniformly constricted between the seeds,
has been distinguished by Mr. J. H. Maiden as var. Ilayae
(these Trans., xxxii., 277, and For. Fl. N.S. Wales, iv., 146)
with a height of 3-6 feet (1-2 m.), but it should be observed
that fruiting specimens from Outer Harbour and Dublin, sub-
mitted to Mr. Maiden and identified as var. Wayae, have —
most of the leaves lanceolate, as in the type, while the height
of the shrubs at Outer Harbour is 3-4 m., and they show
considerable diversity in the compact or loose arrangement
of the branches. The difficulty of the whole subject is some-
what increased by the scientific name. One would suppose
prima facie that the ‘curious willow-like acacia” found by
Major Mitchell near Oxley, on the Lachlan, in 1836, and
described by Lindley as A. salicina, was the Cooba, or Native
Willow, but Bentham judged his specimens of A. varzans to
be distinct from A. salicina, and Maiden also (For. FI.
N.S. Wales, iv., 146) has no doubt on the subject. It would
help very much to elucidate the question if some New South
Wales botanist or collector would follow in the tracks of
Mitchell and obtain, if it is possible at the present day, co-
types and photographs of the original plant. i
643
GERANIACEAE.
Geranium dissectum, L. Kopperamanna; Devils Village,
near Mount Lyndhurst. [Distributed over the whole country ;
varies much in size, according to rainfall and soil.]
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.
Zygophyllum fruticulosum, DC. Clayton Creek (flower-
ing); Lake Perigundi (beginning to fruit). The capsules are
often only l-seeded by abortion, as in some specimens from
the Murray. [Forming large bushes on the shores of some of
the salt lakes.]| Z. Howittuw, F. v. M. Carraweena ; Strzelecki
Creek. [Found growing in dry, sandy bed of the creek.|
Z. iodocarpum, F. v. M. Devils Village, near Mount Lynd-
hurst. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally; radicle oblique.
{Common over the whole country; varies much in size.| Z.
hybridum, Tate. Mount Hopeless. Peduncles erect, rigid,
slender, nearly twice as long as the capsules, which open
loculicidally ; endocarp finally separating. [Common plant,
both on high or low lands; about 3 to 4 inches. |
Tribulus hystrix, R. Br. Innamincka—the comparatively
small-flowered form; Tinga-tingana—petals 3 cm. long. {This
lovely flowering plant is fond of the sand, where it grows into
a low bush 8 or 10 inches high and 2 feet across ; covered in
bright-yellow blossoms.] 7. terrestris, L. Mount Hopeless.
[Met with on stony country. |
Nitraria Schoberir, L. Clayton Creek; ‘hake Blanche.
[Large bushes of this plant in full fruit were seen on all
saline creeks or margins of lakes. |
EUPHORBIACEAE.
Euphorbia Drummondiu, Boiss. Mungeranie. [This
poisonous plant was seen in quantities on the tablelands. It
is attractive, with bright-red stems and foliage at times ;
grows very: flat on the ground. |
SAPINDACEAE.
Dodonaea viscosa, L. Innamincka. [This hopbush was
met with east of Innamincka.! /). microzyga, F.v. M. Devils
Village.
MALVACEAE.
Plagianthus glomeratus, Benth. Lake Perigundi. [Only
seen in one locality ; the plant was from 12 to 15 inches high. |
Sida corrugata, Lindl. Murteree, var. trichopoda, Benth.
Mirra Mitta Creek; between Innamincka and Kanowana ;
_ Kopperamanna. [Bushes growing on the flooded ground from
18 inches to 2 feet high. |
v2
644
Malvastrum spicatum, A. Gray. Mungeranie; Mirra
Mitta Creek. [This low bush with bright orange flowers was
often met with along the watercourses. |
Lavatera plebeia, Sims. Murteree. [The “marshmallow”
was growing very luxuriantly on swampy ground near water-
holes, etc., often reaching the height of 5 or 6 feet, the pale-
pink blossoms making a pretty picture. |
Abutilon Mitchellu, Benth.(?) Carpels 7, as long as
the calyx-tube, 2-3-seeded, villous at outer angle and covered
with tubercles ending in short spreading hairs; seeds sparsely
pubescent. A. Fraser1, Hook. Trinity Well; Mount Hope-
less. Flowers male only; similar specimens from Arkaringa
(Miss Staer) suggest that this plant may sometimes be
dioecious. [This charming, buttercup-like flower was met
with in many places on the high ground and along the creeks ;
the bushes were often as high as 3 feet. |]
FRANKENIACEAE.
Frankema serpyllifolia, Lindl. Murteree; Innamincka ;
Mount Hopeless; Carraweena. [Beautiful shapely bushes of
this plant were often met with covered in bright-pink
blossoms. |
THYMELAEACEAE.
Pimelea sumplex, F. v. M. Mount Lyndhurst. The
heads remain compact after flowering, but the leaves and
branches are sprinkled with long hairs, showing an approach
to P. sericostachya, F. v. M. Except for the compact fruiting
head it resembles closely my P. continua, and it is possible
that the latter may prove to be only a variety or form with
the fruiting rhachis unusually lengthened. |Found growing
on the tableland country. |
MYRTACEAE.
Melaleuca glomerata, F. v. M. Petermorra Springs.
{The trees were growing in clumps amongst the mound springs
upon raised ground; evidently the surrounding country had
been blown away to a lower level.|
Eucalyptus microtheca, F. v. M. “Swamp Box.’’ Cutta-
pirie Corner, Cooper Creek. [Lining all creeks and growing
on flooded ground. It was under one of these trees that Burke
died. |
HALORRHAGIDACEAE.
Halorrhagis heterophylla, Brongn., var. aspera, Schindl.
(H. aspera, Lindl.). Murteree; Strzelecki Creek ;. between
Innamincka and Kanowana. From Innamincka itself there
is a small specimen with some ripe fruits, which are coarsely
645
rugose-alveolate in the lower part. [Often met with along
the Cooper; 6 to 10 inches tall.]
UMBELLIFERAE.
Didiscus glaucifolius, F. v. M. Tinga-tingana [Found
growing in the bed of the creek in damp sand.]|
CONVOLVULACEAE,
Convolvulus erubescens, Sims. Mount Lyndhurst.
[Found growing in centre of bushes; otherwise it would be
exterminated by stock. |
_
BoORRAGINACEAE.
Trichodesma Zeylanicum, R. Br. Between Innamincka
and Kanowana. [Not a common plant; only seen once or
twice; the larger plants were from 18 inches to 2 feet high.]
Echinospermum concavum, F. v. M. Lake Perigundi.
{There was a quantity of this bush round the edge of the
sand at high-water mark; it was about a foot high, and
stuck to the clothing when we passed through it.|
V ERBENACEAE.
Dicrastylis Costello, F. M. Bailey (pl. xli.). Lake
Perigundi. One of Capt. White’s specimens was forwarded
to Mr. C. T. White, Acting Government Botanist of Queens-
Jand, who considers, after comparison with the types, that it
differs from DV. Costello, especially as regards the clothing of
the plant. It is quite true that the clothing of our speci-
mens is looser and more woolly, especially on the branches,
but desert plants vary so much in this respect, and the flowers
are so exactly alike, that I have placed them, at least pro-
visionally, under the name quoted above. The plate shows
a drawing and details of a small type-specimen kindly given
me by Mr. White, also one of the specimens from Lake Peri-
gundi, and also one from Lake Eyre, preserved (under the
name J). Beveridger), in the Schomburg Herbarium, which
is remarkably like the Queensland type. It is quite possible
that PD. Costello. may ultimately have to be reduced to a
white-flowered variety of D. Beveridger, F. v. M. Our speci-
mens of the latter from Ooldea seem to differ only in the
golden tomentum of the flowers, and in the leaves darker
above, owing to some of the hairs wearing off. [Some good-
sized bushes were met with near Lake Perigundi, and attracted
attention by the very hght colouration of leaves, flowers, and
stems. Grew from 18 inches to 2 feet high. |
646:
LABIATAE.
Teucrium racemosum, R. Br. Murteree; Cuttapirie
Corner. Var. tripartitum, F. v. M. Tinga-tingana. Our
specimens of the variety are small, erect plants about 12 em.
high, with the 3 leaflets quite distinct in most cases, and this
trifoliolate system extending to the summit of the raceme.
{This bluish-grey plant was met with on the Strzelecki Creek
in one place only, and on Cooper Creek it stood 12 to 18
inches high. |
Mentha australis, R. Br. Murteree. [Found growing in
and near water. |
SOLANACEAE.
Solanum lacunarvum, F. v. M. Mount Lyndhurst. A
small slender plant scarcely 10 cm. high, conspicuous by its
bright orange-red spines. 8S. oligacanthum, F. v. M.
Kanowana; Cuttapirie Corner; Carraweena. Many of the
leaves havea single prickle on the upper face. {Did not meet
with this plant in any quantity till we were well down on the
Cooper; one odd plant was seen at Carraweena. |
Nicotiana suaveolens, Lehm. Mount Lyndhurst. Small
plants flowering when only 6-10 cm. high; corolla 15 mm.
long. [Met with in many localities, mostly on flooded ground
near creeks; this seems to be a very stunted form.|
SCROPHULARIACEAE.
Morgama floribunda, Benth. Lake Blanche.
MYoPORACEAE.
Myoporum refractum, Maiden et Betche. Mount Hope-
less. Corolla with a few scattered hairs inside, thus con-
firming Max Koch’s observation (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr.,
xxll., 76). The calyx-lobes, very broad and subcordate at
base, vary from 4 to 5 in number, the corolla-lobes from 4
to 8, and the stamens from 4 to 5. [Large bushes up to
3 feet high were met with on the stony tablelands and some-
times on the banks of dry watercourses. |
Eremophila Freelingu, F. v. M. Petermorra Spring ;
Devils Village, near Mount Lyndhurst. [Bushes much broken
down by stock were met with in the broken country.| £.
maculata, F. v. M. Strzelecki Creek, south-west of Inna-
mincka; Murteree. [This species seems to be relished by
stock; many bushes were laden with large green fruit.] JZ.
longifolia, F. v. M. Murteree. [Many of these shrubs were
growing along the Strzelecki Creek, but they were much
broken down by stock.] #. MacDonnellu, F. v. M. Koppera-
manna; Kanowana. [This is one of the smallest of the species
647
met with; not a common plant; only attains the height of
a few feet; it has a very handsome flower.] JL. alternifolia,
R. Br. Mount Lyndhurst. [Met with on the stony country. ]
7, Pal ea ee
Isotoma petraea, F. v. M. Innamincka. [Growing
amongst the rocks; the natives say if this plant is held near
the face it will affect the eyesight. |
GOODENIACEAE.
Scaevola collaris, F. v. M. Lake Perigundi. Fruit about
10 mm. long, and the neck or beak surmounting it 7-8 mm.
long. |This was the only time it was met with; large
bushes, 2 feet high, covered in fruit.] S. humilis, R. Br.
Between Innamincka and Kanowana. Apparently the same
form as that collected by Hergolt at Wonnomulla (50 miles
west of Lake Torrens) and mentioned by Bentham (FI]. Aust.,
iv., 100). The hairs at the back of the indusium are white
and not as long as the latter. [A common plant along the
Strzelecki Creek, growing about a foot in height; a very
round and shapely bush. |
Goodenia cycloptera, R. Br. Kopperamanna; Tinga-
tingana. [| This plant was fairly common around Tuinga-
tingana, but was only seen once afterwards: found close to
the creek. |
CoMPOSITAE.
Angianthus pusillus, var. polyanthus, Benth. East of
Mungeranie. Partial heads 4-7-flowered. [Widely distributed
over tablelands and flooded country alike.|
‘Craspedia pleiocephala, F. v. M. Devils Village, near
Mount Lyndhurst; Mount Hopeless. As in other specimens
of this species, it is quite the exception for the compound
flower-head to have a second one associated with it at its
base. In poor ground the plant may grow not more than
5 cm. high, with a single erect stem bearing one compound
head, but usually it branches from the base and stands 15-25
em. high. [Growing very thickly in places like a carpet of
gold.| C. chrysantha, Benth. Heads globular: Cuttapirie
Corner, Cooper Creek. Heads ovoid or oblong: Mungeranie ;
Ambuginia Creek. [These plants, like the preceding species,
give a most pleasing aspect to the country when growing in
masses. J am of opinion that the plant bearing the ovoid
heads is a distinct variety to that bearing the globular heads.
They are found growing in distinct colonies.!| The difficulty
about describing a variety of this species (which was not
attempted by Bentham) is that all the characters except the
648
shape of the flower-heads are exactly the same. The globular
heads are 8-10 mm. in diameter; the others are 10-20 mm.
long, and vary from ovoid to oblong. The plants seem usually
about 10 cm. high, but some specimens, brought by R. Cock-
burn from the Birdsville track, are 22 cm. high, with heads
distinctly oblong.
Note on ('. pleswocephala ann C. chrysantha.—These two
species are easily distinguished by their general appearance,
although the characters which divide them are not very
marked. They may be defined as follows: —
C. pleiocephala. C. chrysantha.
Leaves oblong-cuneate, sprinkled Leaves linear, white - woolly,
with hairs, but green. becoming glabrous with age.
Bracts of general involucre Bracts of general involucre quite
greenish and more or less hidden.
conspicuous.
Corolla-lobes long, about 4 the Corolla-lobes short, about 4 the
length of the corolla. length of the corolla.
Pappus-bristles 9-12, free. Pappus-bristles 10-16, united in
a ring at base.
The clustered compound heads attributed to CU. pleiocephala
are a somewhat deceitful distinction, as there is sometimes,
although very rarely, a second head at the base of the large
one in C'. chrysantha.
Calotis multicaulis (Turez. ann., 1851), J. M. Black
(C. plumulifera, F. v. M., ann, 1859). Murteree. A form
with narrow leaves and almost glabrous achenes, thus showing
an approach to C’. porphyroglossa, F. v. M., but the rays of
our specimens appear to be white, and they have neither the
hairiness nor the broad-cuneate leaves of porphyroglossa.
{Growing in tufts on the flooded ground 4 or 5 inches high. |
Calocephalus platycephalus, Benth. Mirra Mitta Creek ;
Kanowana. The outer bracts of the partial heads are about
12; they have yellow, somewhat spreading tips, are woolly
along the midrib, and are affixed at the base of the conical
partial receptacle, which has a short stipes. The inner bracts
of the partial heads are nearly as numerous, very deciduous,
with minute yellow tips and no wool; flowers in each partial
head 16-20, united among themselves by the pappus of 7-10
weak, flexuose bristles with long distant barbs, penicillate
at summit, and united at the base in a ring. . When the
compound heads are in full flower, the partial heads show
out quite distinctly. |This plant grew in great masses, and
the bright yellow flowers were quite dazzling in the sunhght.
It is distributed over a wide area, and grows into a small
bush from 12 to 18 inches high. |
Gnephosis cyathopappa, Benth. Mirra Mitta Creek ;
Innamincka. [A common plant, mostly growing on low land
649
subject to flooding.| G. eriocarpa, Benth. Mount Hopeless;
Ambuginia Creek. In addition to the particulars given in
these Trans., xl., 461, it should be remarked that the com-
pound heads attain a diameter of 10 mm., and consist of
numerous primary partial heads or involucres consisting of a
few woolly bracts without laminae, and each containing about
5 secondary l-flowered partial heads. The involucre of these
1-flowered heads consists of 5-6 oblanceolate scarious concave
bracts united by their wool, with green midribs and smal]
almost colorless tips, and of 1 still narrower subtending bract.
{Great quantities of this plant were found growing upon
flooded ground. During the latter part of our travels, in
October, it had dried off, and was invariably used by many
species of birds in nest-building.]
Gnephosis skirrophora, Benth. Mount Lyndhurst. This
species has a wide range in South Australia, extending from
Mannum, on the River Murray, to Dalhousie Springs, beyond
Oodnadatta, and westward through the Gawler Ranges to
Minnipa and Murat Bay. While exploring in the neighbourhood
of Lake Eyre in 1872, Ernest Giles collected a plant which was
described by Mueller in his Fragmenta, ix., 2 (February,
1875), as Angianthus codonopappus—“‘Gnephosis codono-
pappus (sic), F. M. coll.,” being given as a synonym. In
the Ist Census (1882) the name appears as “G. codonopappa,
F. v. M., in Giles, geog. trav., 217 (1875).’’ This plant has
only been described twice—once from the specimen which
reached Mueller, and once, very shortly, by Tate (FI.
Extratrop. 8.A., 128). G. skirrophora has been described
by Sonder and Mueller (Linn., xxv., 490); Bentham (FI.
Aust., 1i1., 570); Tate ¢/.c.); Moore (Fl. N.S.W., 288), and
Mueller (Key Vict. Pl., 334). If these descriptions are com-
pared, the characters appear as follows: —
G. skirrophora.
A woolly-white annual.
Leaves narrow-linear.
Compound heads globular, 3-4
lines diameter, surrounded by
small, scarious, woolly bracts.
Receptacle convex.
Involucral bracts slightly woolly
at the top, with a small,
spreading, ovate, coloured
lamina.
Partial heads 1-flowered.
Pappus a cylindrical cup, toothed
or jagged, nearly half as long
as the corolla (Bentham).
Pappus tubular towards the
base, lobed towards the sum-
mit (Mueller).
G. codonopappa.
A woolly-tomentose annual.
Leaves terete-linear.
Compound heads globular, 4
lines diameter, exceeding the
very short floral leaves.
Receptacle depressed.
Involucral bracts shortly bearded
below the very short, acute,
yellow lamina.
Partial heads 1-flowered.
Pappus cylindrical-campanulate,
almost truncate or very shortly
lobed, somewhat shorter than
the corolla.
650
It is very difficult to resist the suspicion that Mueller, in
describing G. codonopappa as an Angianthus, had for the
moment forgotten the existence of G@. shirrophora. The pro-
bability is strengthened by the fact that he does not compare
his new species at all with G. skirrophora, but merely says
that “it will stand in the vicinity of G. cyathopappa,” a
species which is well distinguished by having two flowers to each
partial head. It may be mentioned that the receptacle of
G. skirrophora is both “‘convex’’ and ‘‘depressed,”’ that is
to say, it 1s cushion- or buffer-shaped, and almost flat on the
broad summit. Tate’s description is evidently a mere abridge-
ment of Mueller’s, for the Tate Herbarium contains no speci-
men named G'. codonopappa. The question was submitted to
Professor Ewart, who very kindly examined the specimens in
the National Herbarium of Victoria, and came to the con-
clusion that G. codonopappa is a separate species, distinguished
from G. skirrophora by having the pappus-cup less lobed, the
bracts of the partial involucre more acute, the receptacle less
hairy and more flattened, the bracts as long as or longer than
the flowers, and the leaves more crowded. So variable is the
pappus of G'. skirrophora in length and degree of lobing that
I can attach no importance to that distinction, but in the
type-specimen which Prof. Ewart kindly lent me, the leaves
were much crowded, the receptacle had shorter hairs, and the
bracts were more acute and a trifle longer than is usual in |
G. skirrophora. It was a small plant, 7 cm. high, with short
stem and 3 branches, and as the flowers were only in bud
I could not judge of their length in comparison with that
of the bracts. But as regards the short-haired receptacle and
more acute bracts it agreed with specjmens in my herbarium
from Dalhousie Springs and Mount Lyndhurst. These, how- —
ever, have the limb of the corolla exserted from the bracts,
just as in G. skirrophora. The type specimens of G.*codono-
pappa seem to be dwarfed by the barren and arid character
of the country near Lake Eyre, and at most to be scarcely
more than a variety of G@. skirrophora. Further material
would be very welcome to throw more light on the question.
It may be added that Angianthus codonopappus is recorded
by Mueller in Journ. Bot., xv., 303 (1877), as having been
found by Giles on his journey westward in 1875 “between
boundary line and Victoria Springs.” This locality is in
Western Australia, but in both the Ist and 2nd Census G.
codonopappa is only recorded for South Australia.
Helipterum moschatum, Benth. Murteree; Innamincka ;
Kanowana; Mount Hopeless. Small specimens 6-8 cm. high ;
heads 2-3-flowered, but only one achene ripens. [A widely-
distributed plant, and in places it grew thickly and in large
651
masses.] H.Troedelu, F.v M. Murteree; Strzelecki: Creek ;
Mount Lyndhurst. Heads 12-22-flowered; pappus-bristles
8-10, united in the lower half; stems erect, but varying much
in height, those from Strzelecki Creek 22 cm.-high, those from
Mount Lyndhurst only 6-9 cm. [Found throughout the
country traversed, and in many places it grew in compact
masses.| //. corymbiflorwm, Schlecht. Sandhills 15 miles west
of Innamincka. A small, probably stunted form, only 6-12
em. high. |Seems to keep mostly to the sandy country, where
it was very plentiful.| HW. strictwm, Benth. Trinity Well.
WM. floribundum, DC., and /H. microglossum, Tate. Devils
Village, near Mount Lyndhurst. [The former is widely dis-
tributed and is mostly found in sandhill country.|] JZ.
pygmaeum, Benth. Mount Hopeless.
Helipterum uniflorum, sp. nova (tab. «rliw.). Herba
annua humilis (specueminibus nostris 7 cm. altis) tota dense
albo-lanata, caulibus erectiusculis rigidulis dichotome ramosts,
foliis alternis vel rarius oppositis linearibus planis 5-10 mm.
longis, camtulis unifloris ovoideis 5 mm. longis caducrs
subsessiibus in glomerulos foliosos terminales et laterales
aggregatis, wvolucri bracters 8-10 oblanceolatis appressis
agmice scarwosis inter se densa land dorsali cohaerentibus,
corolla parva imconspicud 45-dentatd, achaenio maturo fusi-
form 3 mm. longo pilis brevibus biuncinatis consperso
lanugine obtecto, pappr setis 9-12 inaequahbus liberis
flexuosis inferne plumosis superne sparse barbellatis.
Kopperamanna. Also collected by R. Helms at Arkaringa
Creek, May 14, 1891, and placed in the Tate Herbarium
under Gnaphalium indutum, which it somewhat resembles
externally. A very distinct species, probably nearest to H.
moschatum, Benth., with the same woolly achenes, but the
plant is more compact and smailer than most forms of /.
moschatum, the leaves are narrower, the involucral bracts
much more woolly and not shining, the clusters are lateral
and in the forks as well as terminal, and are supported by a
few leaves at the base, while the flowers in each head are
reduced to one. [This plant was not observed further east,
but around Kopperamanna it was found in dense patches on
flooded ground, producing the effect of patches of cotton wool
at a distance. |
Helichrysum semifertile, F.v. M. Cooper Creek, between
Innamincka and Kanowana. Flowers in each head about 20,
of which several, sometimes almost half, are sterile; pappus
bristles 16 to over 20. Specimens from Innamincka (and
from west of Port Augusta) have erect stems, perhaps due to
the surrounding plants. This species forms a link between
652
Helichrysum and Schoema, having the compressed outer
fertile achenes of the latter, but the style of the inner flowers
is bifid. [Found over a great range of country, and observed
growing on flooded ground as well as tablelands.| H. podo-
lepideum, F. v. M. Mount Hopeless. [Only met with in one
locality, where a small colony was struggling on poor soil. |
Minuria integerrima, Benth. East of Mungeranie. {Met
with in sandy creeks.| J/. denticulata, Benth. Mount Lynd-
hurst; Trinity Well. [On tablelands, 6 to 8 inches high.]
M. annua, Tate. Mount Lyndhurst. dM. leptophylla, DC.
Mount Lyndhurst. [Found growing on the tablelands, 5 to
6 inches high. ]
Brachycome pachyptera, Turcz. Mungeranie. [Growing
in tufts 4 to 5 inches high amongst gibbers.] B. caliaris, Less.,
var. lanuginosa, Benth. Mount Hopeless; Mount Lyndhurst.
[Only met with between these localities. |
Kutidosis helichrysoides, DC. Innamincka. [This fine
plant was met with in full flower in many places, and it often
stood 3 feet high. |
Senecio lautus, Sol. Innamincka; between Innamincka
and Kanowana; Trinity Well. A small form with more
numerous and longer bracts and flowers. | A widely-distributed
plant, growing in the sandy country; varied from 4 or 5
inches to 10 or 12 inches.| S. Gregoru, F. v. M. Mount
Lyndhurst. - S. Cunninghamu, DC. Carraweena. Bracts
about 8; flowers in head about 15; leaves lanceolate, toothed,
with small, entire auricles at base. This puzzling specimen
seems to stand on the dividing line between S. Cunninghamu
and S. odoratus. [Common along the Strzelecki Creek, grow-
ing from 18 inches to 2 feet: high. |
Centipeda Cunninghamu, A. Br. et Aschers. Inna-
mincka. [This very unpleasant-smelling plant was seen in
many waterholes. |
Podolepis capillaris (Steetz), Diels (P. Sitemssema,
F. v. M.). Mount Hopeless. [Quantities of this plant came
under notice in the vicinity of Mount Hopeless.| P. Lessoni,
Benth. Mount Hopeless. [Not common; growing on flooded
ground, from 3 to 4 inches high. |
Myriocephalus Stuarti, Benth. Mount Hopeless; Lake
Perigundi. [Flowering in great abundance all over the sandy
country, some plants standing over a foot high.|
Ixiolaena leptolepis, Benth. Trinity Well; Ambuginia
Creek; Mount Lyndhurst. Varies greatly in the hairiness
of the leaves; pappus-bristles dilated and flattened towards
the base. [Widely distributed and growing in varied situa-
tions, in some instances flowering when only 2 or 3 inches
653
high, while at others attaining over a foot in height; the
structure and shape of the leaves seem to vary very much. |
Calotis erinacea, Steetz. Lake Perigundi; Kanowana.
C. hisprdula, F. v. M. Kopperamanna.
Pterocaulon sphacelatum, Benth. et Hook. Innamincka.
{Several large bushes of this plant were seen in the one locality
only. |
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PuateE XXII.
Fig. 1. Attacked by bot flies. At certain seasons the camels
are attacked by a bot fly (Cephalomyia maculata), which lays its
larvae already hatched in the nostrils. When fully grown the
larva becomes very irritating, and produces sneezing, by which
act it is finally ejected, completing its metamorphosis beneath the
surface of the sand. The position shown—‘‘the expectancy of a
sneeze’’—is quite characteristic.
Fig. 2. Carrion beetles (Trox crotchi) feeding at the hoof of
a dead camel. |
PratE XXII.
Fig. 1. Native grave at Murteree. The body is laid on the
surface or in a slight excavation and piled up with earth and sand
until a large mound is formed 15 feet or so in length. Timber is
then laid over the mound to protect the body from attack by dogs,
wild and otherwise.
Fig. 2. Inscription cut by J. W. Lewis on tree near Burke’s
Tree at Innamincka; the lettering, now being overgrown, is :—
A S.A.G. L. 75 (see J. W. Lewis’ Journal Lake Eyre Exped. :
1874-5, ‘p. 37).
Prate XXIITT.
Fig. 1. Burke’s Tree, Innamincka. The original fence is
almost buried in sand, and McKinlay’s mark, MK (cnjd.), seen at
ground level, is the only inscription now visible (see fig. 2 of this
plate).
Fig. 2. Burke’s Tree, Innamincka. McKinlay’s mark. Burke
and Howitt’s lettering is hidden by silt. The full inscription
reads : —
MK (enjd.)
fae ol See
21.9.’61.
A.H.
Prare XXIV.
Fig. 1. Old female native at Innamincka, at entrance to
wurlie. Note the dogs within.
Fig. 2. Bullocky Jack, a Coongie native, our guide on Cooper
Creek.
654
Puate XXV.
Fig. 1. Cooper Creek, near Cuttapirie Corner.
) Fig. 2. On the Cooper. The larger timber is the home of
large flocks of naked-eyed cockatoos (Cacatua gymnopis). An
eagle had built its nest in the tree in mid-stream.
PrattE XXVI._
Fig. 1. Nest of wedge-tailed eagle (Uroetus audax). Owing
to the penne and dwarf character of the timber, this large eagle
builds its nest within reach of a man on camel back.
Fig. 2. Tree near Kanowana, with nest of galah (Cacatua
I et in the ‘‘spout.” The ‘tree had been ring-barked by
the cockatoos, and as nesting sites are very scarce in the district
it might almost appear that the birds had purposely ringed the
trees (several of which were found similarly treated) in order to
increase the accommodation; though this is perhaps too much to
suggest for the intelligence of even a cockatoo.
Puate XXVIII.
Fig. 1. Descending a sandhill preparatory to crossing a
gibber plain, across which another sandhill will be encountered.
When near Perigundi seventeen such sandhills were crossed
between sunrise and sunset.
Fig. 2. A woma (Aspidites ramsayi, Macleay) obtained
near Perigundi. Although tracks of this large python were often
seen, this was the only example secured.
Pirate XXVITI.
Fig. 1. Mungeranie Bore, October 15, 1916. The rising
steam was a gratifying sight in the early morning, after a period
of several days of privation. This bore supplies the stream seen
in fig. 2 of this plate.
Fig. 2. Mungeranie Creek, supplied by the bore. Our camp
and a constable’s enclosure are seen on the further bank.
Puatt XXIX.
Fig. 1. Outflow of the Cannuwaukaninna Bore, photographed |
O8oRr 18, 1916. Water was struck only a few days before our
eee ea the depth being 3,740 feet, and the flow 500,000 gallons
dai
Wig. 2. Our team of nine camels, near Wells Creek, October
23, 1916. The water lying on the ground is the result of 135
points of rain which fell the previous night.
Pratt XXX.
A mirage drawn by Mr. G. A. Barnes from rough sketches
and descriptions supplied by Mr. Edgar R. Waite.
Fig. 1. The view as seen under natural conditions.
Fig. 2. As it appeared under the influence of the mirage.
Prats XXXII.
Fig. 1. Nest and eggs of black-faced wood swallow ( Austr-
artamus melanops).
Fig. 2. Nest and eggs of pied honey-eater (Certhionyz
variegatus ). é
655
Puate XXXII.
49, 50. ... of monstrosus, Blackb.
dl. vat if mullerianus, White.
52-54. ... me turritus, Macl.
a0, 00, ... xe ater, Lea.
57. Py ns griseopilosus, Lea.
58-60. . a trifidus, Blackhb.
61. by z trifidus, Blackb., vat
62, 63. ... “i validus, Lea.
64, 65. ... a semicalvus, Lea. .
semicrudus, Lea.
dispar, Shar p.
nigripennis, Lea.
Fig. 1. Theridion asbolodes, Rainb., epigynum.
toate: 44 idiotypum, Rainb., male.
” 3. 9 9 9 ”? palpi.
ae . 5 », abdomen, side view.
» 9. ILsopeda gloriosa, Rainb., female.
ayy oR epigynum.
erie. 4 Lycosa waiter, Rainb., female.
? 8. oy) 9 ” eyes.
” 9. als epigynum. :
a ADO: * celaenica, Rainb., female.
9 11. 9 5) 2 epigynum.
Puatt XXXII.
Figs. 1-3. ... Brachytettiz (?)
= 4. ... Cylindrodes campbeli, Burm.
el 5. ... Philoscaphus costalis, Macl.
. 6,7. ... Euryscaphus obesus, ’Macl.
duvilcn © Parroa apicalis, SI.
rae Se ... Megalotrox elderi, Blackb.
», 10-12. ... Bolboceras sloanei, Blackb.
», 18-17 cornigerum, Macl.
ey idsl Rt Sao Pararhopaea gigas, Lea.
» 20,21. ... Zretzia geologa, Blackb.
PuattE XXXIV.
Fig. 22. Haplonycha pilosa, Blackb.
a+ na solida, Blackb.
ei: ties 9 interocularis, Lea.
pat LO: opaca, Lea.
© at eas . Enamillus mauricet, Blackb.
» 24,28. ... Cavonus armatus, Sharp.
Agee at sah) acutifrons, Lea.
es) 5 «= Cparvus, Blackb.
», 932,33. ... Nephrodopus enigmus, Sharp, var. niger, Lea.
» 34, 35, ... Pseudocavonus antennalis, Blackb.
to) el ... Cheiroplatys castaneus, Lea.
A ites Sean excavatus, Lea.
eae: ts Cryptodus gigas, Lea.
by re. fee es bilobus, Lea.
5, 42-44. ... Novapus adelaidae, Blackb.
ay A ss ee armatus, ‘Lea.
Puate XXXV.
Wigs 47,483... =e peneaT UG Es tectus, Blackb.
Figs. 13% 008
656
Pruatre XXXVI.
Macromalocera sinuaticollis, Blackh.
Saragus pascoei, Macl.
Onosterrhus ooldensis, Cart.
Helaeus waitei, Lea.
+)
dire
99
aridus, Blackb.
enterioris, Macl.
comunctus, Lea.
Pachydissus boops, Blackb.
93
picipennis, Germ.
Penthea pardalis, Newm.
Phoracantha posticalis, Blackb.
Aphanasium albopilosum, Lea.
PratE XXXVI.
Maechidius savagei, Lea, head and prothorax.
33
hoplocephalus, Lea, head and _ pro-
thorax.
conspicuus, Lea, head and prothorax.
squamipennis, Lea, head and pro-
thorax.
sculptipennis, Lea, head and_ pro-
thorax.
insularis, Lea, head and prothorax.
lateripennis, Lea, head and _ pro-
thorax.
parvulus, Macl., head and_ pro-
thorax.
sordidus, Boi., head and prothorax.
fissiceps, Macl., head and prothorax.
latus, Waterh., ‘head and prothorax.
excisicollis, Blackb., head and _ pro-
thorax.
caviceps, Blackb., head and _ pro-
thorax.
crenaticollis, Blackb., head and pro-
thorax.
tibialis, Blackb., head and prothorax.
ater, Waterh., head and prothorax.
rugosicollis, Macl., head and pro-
thorax.
clypealis, Blackb., head and _ pro-
thorax. °
longitarsis, Waterh., head and pro-
thorax.
spurius, Kirby, head and prothorax.
Caulobius caviceps, Lea, clypeus.
Sciton flavocastaneus, Lea, clypeus.
» ruber, Blackb., clypeus.
» paullus, Blackb., clypeus.
Ocnodus fallax, Blackb., clypeus.
fe)
39
33
spinicollis, Blackb. ., clypeus.
bidentatus, Lea, clypeus.
bilobus, Lea, clypeus.
Liparetrus niger, Lea, clypeus.
93
insignis, Lea, clypeus.
657
Pro, 118. ... Liparetrus semicastaneus, Lea, clypeus.
alo. hia o lepidopygus, Lea, clypeus.
5, 420. its t, trichosternus, Lea, clypeus.
aoe PA oe e compositus, Lea, clypeus.
wa. a es apicalis, Lea, clypeus.
i123. a ae laciniatus, Lea, clypeus.
>; 124. i, 4 obscurior, Lea, clypeus.(41)
Da OD. Re *3 carus, Lea, clypeus.
Bes oO. ay 4. melaleucae, Lea, clypeus.
areal. ee r nudus, Lea, clypeus.
ites 2 te trichopygus, Lea, clypeus.
ERO. ae A puncticeps, Lea, cly peus.
ye ad. ~: ts bimaculatus, Lea, clypeus.
bot Ep aye longidens, Lea, clypeus.
2 Raa SE Poe x albovillosus, Lea, clypeus.
ewurbees fas e basicollis, Lea, clypeus. (42)
pi 3: bod. aa ” flavus, Lea, clypeus. (43)
aga 3 fo ae a semiatriceps, Lea, clypeus.
p SCARE 137, is villosicollis, Macl., clypeus.
yb 1 138, Ah 3 masterst, Macl., clypeus.
ope too. ee 6 guvenis, Blackb., clypeus.
>, L40. ue a abnormalis, Macl., clypeus.
i nae a kreuslerae, Macl., clypeus.
aa: ae a ganthotrichus, Macl., clypeus.
5, 143. me i fimbriatus, Blackb., clypeus.
», 144. Bi 6 necessarius, Blackb., clypeus.
», 145. be Vs distinctus, ‘Blackb. F ‘ely peus.
», 146. ... Automolus tridentifrons, Lea, clypeus.
ce Ci rH propygidialis, Lea, clypeus.
eye 148! . Maechidius parvulus, Macl., front tibia.
57 49. She if, tibialis, Blackb., front tibia.
eed 4 Ae a longitarsis, Waterh., front tibia.
apo: .. Caulobius CAVICEDS, Lea, front tibia.
so gid 237 ... Ocnodus unidentatus, Lea, front tibia.
aL am Ep bidentatus, ‘Lea, front tibia.
Pode S a8 ssid tridentatus, Lea, front tibia.
PruatE XXXVITI.
Fig. 1. Spinifexr paradoxus (Cane Grass).
Fig. 2. Hakea leucoptera (Needle Bush).
PuatE XXXIX.
Panicum Whiter, n. sp. 1, upper part of panicle-branch.
2, base of leaf-blade, ’ showing ligule. 3, spikelet. 4, 3rd glume
with its palea. 5, fruiting glume.
Puatt XL.
Fig. 1. Aizoon quadrifidum. Growing on sand-drifts.
Fig. 2. Arzoon quadrifidum.
(41) This figure would also almost do for the clypeus of lissapterus
and flavipennis.
(42) This figure would also almost do for the clypeus of semiflavus,
trichosternus, nigriclavus, and the female of lepidopygus.
(43) This figure would also almost do for the clypeus of irregularis,
mimicus, pallens, and flavicornis.
658
Puate XLI.
Fig. 1. Blennodia canescens, var. pterosperma.
Fig. 2. Acacia salieina.
Puare XLII.
Dicrastylis Costelloi, F. M. Bailey. la, a type specimen from
Lake Nash, Queensland, collected by D. Costello; 16, hair from
upper face of leaf; lc, expanded calyx (inside); ld, pistil (from
bud); le, corolla (in bud); If, corolla spread open (inside).
2a, specimen from Lake Perigundi; 2b, calyx of same; 2c, part
of corolla (inside); 2d, branch-hair and leaf-hair; 2e, pistil in
bud and in flower. 3, specimen from Lake Eyre (Schomburgk
Herbarium). |
Puate XLITI.
Helipterum uniflorum, n. sp. ‘1, flower-head. 2, ripe achene.
3, short 2-hooked hair of achene. 4, corolla. 5, outer bract of
involucre. 6, inner bract of same (both showing the inner face).
7, pappus.
The photographs of plants were taken on the spot by Capt.
S. A. White.
659
4
MISCELLANEA.
Notes on Diatomaceous Earth from Lord Howe Island.
Mr. Water Howourin on April 12, 1917, exhibited a
large piece of diatomaceous earth from Lord Howe Island,
and offered the foliowing remarks on it:—The stone was
obtained by Mr. A. M. Lea from Mr. J. B. Waterhouse
during the former’s recent visit to the island. Mr. Waterhouse
stated that in the year 1911 a considerable quantity of this
stone was washed up on the beach, and attracted much atten-
tion on account of its peculiar appearance and lightness. Mr.
Howchin stated that he had carefully examined the rock with
the following results: —The grain of the stone is excessively
fine and remarkably uniform, and, with the exception of a
few brown specs, which on closer examination proved to be
small fish scales, no defined objects could be distinguished by
the unaided eye. A microscopical examination showed that
_ the stone consisted of very finely-divided flocculent matter in
which was embedded great numbers of diatoms, chiefly
belonging to the discoid genus, Coscinodiscus, of which several
species are present, in addition to which are numerous sponge
spicules (chiefly monactinellid), a few radiolaria, and the fish
scales already mentioned, The organic contents prove it to be
a marine deposit, but of somewhat uncertain origin. The
extreme fineness of the particles, the absence of land wash, as
well as the absence of foraminifera and other small organisms,
that are almost always more or less present in marine deposits,
indicate that it must have been laid down under unusual con-
ditions. Mr. W. S. Chapman, Assayer at the School of
Mines, has been kind enough to supply the following partial
analysis of the stone : —
Pep cent.
Moisture a Le ORF
Combined water (and organic) eet Se
perce 0, oe Me ae an NaI
Alumina el: re sa Nae
Tron oxide ay Hi on PEE IO
Pee e ig ib Bea
Magnesia Lane SE
(Alkalies not determined)
92°2
The amount of silica present 1s not equal to that of a rela-
tively pure diatomaceous earth, and the presence of magnesia,
660
as the next highest content, gives the stone, in several respects,
a character in the direction of meerschaum, but it contains
less magnesia, is less compact, and has probably had a
different origin than the last-named mineral. Like most
diatomaceous earths it is very light and, when dry, floats on
water; but when the air is expelled by boiling, it sinks. To
find its way to Lord Howe Island the bed must have been, in
the first place, raised above sea-level, then desiccated to dry-
ness and operated on by the waves, so that detached pieces
could be carried away by the sea currents.
Native Legend on the Origin of Orion’s Belt.
Narrung is bordering the shores of Lake Alexandria and
opposite to Milang township, distant therefrom about 16 miles
east-south-east.
Recently, while visiting Narrung, the following legend
was communicated to me by Mr. G. Hackett, a resident of the
district for sixty years, and well known as the manager of
Narrung Station. The legend struck me as worthy of record,
because in classical mythology Orion was a hunter slain by
Artemis for making love to Eos; Orion then became a con-
stellation. :
We were driving in the beautiful moonlight, and the
hour was shortly after midnight. On our right were numerous
lagoons—some about a chain square, others eight or ten chains
long and several in breadth. There were two low hills, one
on our right and the other at some distance on our left. On
the hill to the right there once dwelt a mighty hunter named
Wyangaure, who occupied his days in pursuit of the kan-
garoos, emus, and other game which in those days were
gigantic in size. It was the custom of this hunter to skin
his game and peg out on the plain the skins of kangaroos,
emus, wild turkeys, etc. So mighty were the animals of
those far-off days that their weighty skins lying on the ground
made the depressions which, filled with water, we now see as
lagoons. On the hill away to the left lived Nurundie, the
“oreat man” of the blacks—the all-powerful. He dwelt with
his two wives and lived by hunting, but was not so successful
in the chase as was Wyangaure, the mighty hunter. In due
course Wyangaure, who was but a youth, underwent the
“rites’” consequent upon being made “a young man.” He was
under oath and severe penalties not to speak to any woman.
One day he returned from a hunting trip loaded with game,
661
and when he reached a swamp he waded out into deep water
to drink, because by his oath he was compelled to drink by
drawing water through a reed. The wives of Nurundie, the
all-powerful, were smitten with the charms and prowess of the
mighty hunter, and desired not only speech with him, but a
gift of the game with which he was loaded. Wyangaure,
however, was steadfast and departed to his wurlie on the hill
to the right of us. Now these dusky daughters of Eve deter-
mined to carry by cunning assault the virtuous and vow-bound
hunter. At this juncture their lord and master, Nurundie,
the all-powerful, intimated his intention of absenting himself
for some days on a hunting trip. Here was opportunity. The
dusky pair reconnoitred the wurlie of the mighty hunter, and
augured from the ascending smoke that he was within. With-
out delay they ran towards the wurlie, thudding on the
ground with their feet, and so imitating the sound of running
emus. Out rushed the mighty hunter eager for the fray. At
the successful issue of the pleasant ruse the dusky dames
laughed jubilantly, the while adding such little touches of
coquetry as the urgency of their case demanded. The mighty
hunter, as many another, succumbed to these feminine -wiles
and agreed to give them some game to satisfy their craving
hunger. The barrier of reserve broken the trio entered the
wurlie, and after much cooking performed the genial rites with
such effect that: they all fell into a heavy sleep. In the mean-
time the wily, all-powerful Nurundie altered his plans, and
returning to his own wurlie discovered the absence of his
dual _ wife. As the result’ of experience, hoary with
antiquity, even in those far-off days, he hied him with
unerring instinct to the wurlie of the mighty hunter—
the human forbidden fruit: On ascertaining the state
of affairs he waxed wrathful and swore mighty vengeance.
He tore up all the trees and bushes in the neigh-
bourhood and piled them round the wurlie sheltering the
sleeping sinners and set alight to the whole. Now Wyangaure,
the mighty hunter, and the two dusky temptresses had no
desire to perish by fire, and watching their opportunity
escaped by breaking through on the side opposite to that on
which Nurundie was labouring with pious solicitude. The
three guilty ones ran away into the bush, but Wyangaure, the
hunter, knew that Nurundie, the all-powerful, would eventu-
ally find and destroy him. So he took a spear and threw it
into the sky; but after a time the spear returned. So he
with a mighty effort despatched another—and it also returned.
He now selected his favourite barbed spear, attached to which
was, a long line. This spear he threw into the sky, and it
returned not. He pulled heavily on the line, and still the
662
spear held, so he climbed up the line into the sky. Moved
by the wailings of his dusky co-sinners he, on arrival in the
sky, pulled up first one and then the other. In proof of
the truth of this legend the blacks to-day point to the three
great stars in Orion, and to the hill, on which could formerly
be seen the ashes of the burnt wurlie. When Nurundie, the
all-powerful, found that his victims were beyond his reach
he waxed exceedingly wrathful. He caught all the game
—the mammoth kangaroos, emus, and others—and tore them
to pieces. |
No more do we find these mighty denizens of our Aus-
tralian wilds; their fragments now live as kangaroos, walla-
bies, toolachees, emus, turkeys, plover—al] of the smaller
dimensions of moderate degenerate days.
Duncan ForBES LAURIE.
June 14, 1917.
a cere eins Sees matorenree
Notes on Various Birds.
At the meeting held on July 12, 1917, Mr. Epwin
Asupy exhibited the skin of one of the rarest visitants to
Australia (Hydrochelidon leucoptera grisea, Mathews),
Eastern White-winged Tern. Mr. Mathews, in his “Birds of
Australia,” says this bird was added to the Australian avi-
fauna by Mr. Gould in 1866, but it was regarded with sus-
picion by later ornithologists. Later Mr. Mathews established
it as a rare visitor, and quotes three instances of its occurrence
besides the one quoted by Mr. Gould. The last occurrence
recorded is believed to be forty-nine years ago. This year
they have visited Western Australia in considerable numbers,
the specimen shown having been shot on the Swan River, near
Perth, in April last, and being the first Australian skin
exhibited in South Australia. These birds breed in China,
and at certain seasons extend their range as far as Java. Why
this year they have visited Australia is a question not easil
solved.
Also skin of the swift Lorikeet (Lathamus discolor),
which was obtained at Blackwood in July, 1914. The pre-
vious records for this bird’s occurrence in South Australia
were 1862 and 1882. During the past month this parrot has
again put in an appearance, several small flocks having been
noticed flying swiftly over Mr. Ashby’s property.
Mr. Asusy also exhibited a complete series of the Aus-
tralian Cuckoo Shrikes. While in Gould’s work they were all
663
included under the genus Graucalus, they are now divided
into several different genera : —
Pteropodocys maxima neglecta, Math. Western Australia.
Coracina novae-hollandiae, Gmelin. Tasmania.
CU’. novae-hollandiae melanops, Latham. South Australia.
C. hypoleuca parryi, Math. Northern Territory.
CU. robusta mentalis, V. and H. New South Wales.
Paragraucalus lineatus, Swainson. New South Wales.
On July 7, 1917, Capt. S. A. Wurite exhibited a skin of
Scopus umbretta, Hammerkop, which is found over the
southern part of Africa wading in streams and lakes in search
of frogs and other food. The natives have a superstitious
dread of these birds and never molest them. These birds often
go through a most wonderful dance. The nest is an enormous
structure of sticks, plastered inside with mud, the bird using
its tail to finish it off. The eggs are white and round, rough
and unpolished, from 2 to 4 in number. Although the nest is
very large, the inside is only about a foot in diameter; it is
often decorated with bright objects—coloured crockery, glass,
spoons, knives, etc.
Notes on Small Flies of Genus Simulium.
At the present time these flies are causing serious annoy-
ance to horses and cattle in the south-eastern portion of South
Australia. Mr. B. A. Feuerheerdt, of Lucindale, wrote about
them :—“I would not lke to say this fly is new to this dis-
trict, but it certainly has never been so numerous before. In
low-lying, sheltered localities it occurs in thousands, and as
its bite is very sharp all stock in such localities suffer very
badly. They are particularly bad around the township of
Lucindale, and I myself saw the commonage cattle at this
place galloping around like things demented. JI examined one
milking cow closely, and she was simply covered with these
flies. The teats and bare parts of her body were quite red
with beads of blood, and as the fly can burrow into the coat
very rapidly and neatly, no doubt other parts of the body
had suffered also.” Similar insects have been recorded as
causing serious losses of stock in the United States and South
Africa.
A ES: ea
October 11, 1917.
664
Notes on Styphelia depressa (The Native Currant).
The specimens exhibited show two very distinct forms.
The larger one is from a plant growing in thé wild part of my
garden ; came from the Barossa Ranges, in some parts of which
it is very common. The smaller form was collected by me
in the mallee, near Woodchester, on what is known as
Chance’s line.
The mallee form is much more slender in growth; the
branches bearing flowers are very much more slender than in
those from Barossa. The general appearance is markedly
different, owing to the leaves of the mallee one being half the
length of the Barossa species, viz., 25 mm., as against 5 mm. ;
but the width at the hbase is almost similar in both, the
mallee one being over 14 mm. wide, against the Barossa forms
2 mm. There is a bare 4 mm. difference in the width,
although in length one is double the other. The former is
broadly ovate, whereas the latter is lanceolate. The edges of
the mallee species are more folded over than the other, and
the leaf-stalk proportionately longer and curiously bent.
The fruit of the Barossa species is larger and more juicy.
I am able to show flowers of the mallee species, but the
Barosssa one is not yet out, so that I am unable for the pre-
sent to make a careful comparison of the two flowers.
Ttemarks.--I have found that the Barossa species is
easily acclimatized to the conditions of Blackwood, provided
the young plants are watered a few times through the first
two years. JI have never been able to get any to come up
from seed ; perhaps that is the reason that this really valuable
fruit has never been introduced to the fruit gardens of this
State by nurserymen.
EDWIN ASHBY.
October 11, 1917.
665
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
Royal Society of South Australia
(Incorporated)
FoR 1916-1917.
OrpinaRyY Meretinc, NovemBer 9, 1916.
ieeerensiment (J. C..Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.) in the
chair.
PorTRAITS OF OFrFicerSsS.—Resolved: ‘That, as far as
possible, a collection be made of the portraits and signatures of
the Officers of the Society, viz. -—Presidents, Vice-Presidents,
Hon. Secretaries, Hon. Treasurers, and Editors, from its
establishment in 1853.”’
Exuisits.—Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited a drawer con-
taining most of the insects taken on the recent Museum
Expedition to the Interior. Among these were some grass-
hoppers more than double the width of ordinary species,
having a striking resemblance to the small stones of the
‘‘sibber’’ country, amongst which they were found; some pale
yellow crickets from the nest of a stinging ant; and two
specimens of a small weevil, the toes of which are on a
different plan from those of any sub-family hitherto known.
He also showed a large butterfly and a moth from Northern
Queensland, and beautiful drawings of these made by Miss
Margaret Kelly, of the School of Arts and Crafts. Mr.
Epear R. WarteE showed two glass bottles from the Interior,
which had assumed a ground-glass appearance from the
drifting sand, and a violet tinge, supposed to be due to the
action of the sun upon some chemical, ‘possibly manganese, in
the glass) Mr. Epwin AsuHpy showed Malurus assimilis
(southern purple-backed wren), J/. melanotus whitei (tur-
quoise wren), and WM. cyanotus (white-winged wren) from
Port Germein, to compare with M. cyaneus legge. (superb
warbler) and 1. melanotus (black-backed wren) from the
Victorian mallee country. Capt. S. A. WuItTEe showed two
specimens of M. melanotus callainus, one from Eyre Peninsula,
and one from the Far North. Also beans from a Bauhinia
tree in the Interior. Dr. R. S. Rogers exhibited and described
an orchid found by Dr. Helen Mayo, near Victor Harbour,
666
belonging to the genus Satyrium, known only in South
Africa, and therefore probably an alien to Australia. Prof.
OsBorNn exhibited Plantago psylium, L., from Nantawarra,
near Port. Wakefield. This is its first record for Australia,
its native habitat being the sandy shores of the Adriatic. Also
Poa caespitosa, Forst., a sport from the south park lands,
Adelaide, in which the viviparous flowers were replaced by
bulbils. Also several micro-fungi, including three new rusts,
a smut, once reported, many years ago, by Mr. J. G. O.
Tepper; a smut, once reported, 20 years ago, in New South
Wales; and a rust from Wirrega,. which was either new or
previously incorrectly described. THe PRESIDENT showed a
scorpion over six inches in length, from the Central Provinces,
India.
Professor RENNIE read some notes by Mr. R. T. Baker,
explanatory of samples (botanical, timber, and oils) forwarded
by him in connection with the paper by himself and Mr. H. G.
Smith, read at the last meeting. It was resolved ‘‘That a
special vote of thanks be given to Messrs. Baker and Smith for
the gift of their valuable samples.’’
Paper.—‘“The Australian Ant-genus, Myrmecorhyncus,
Ern. André, and its Position in the Subfamily Camponotinae,”’
by Professor Wittiam Norton WHEELER, of Harvard
University, U.S.A.
OrpiINARY Meetine, Aprit 12, 1917.
THe Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.) im the
chair.
Nomination.—-Charles A. E. Fenner, D.Sc., F.G.S., was
nominated as Fellow.
Pror. Bracc.—The President announced that our Hon.
Fellow, Professor W. H. Bragg, had been awarded, by the
Royal Society of London, the Rumford Medal for his
researches in physics.
Exuisits.—Mr. W. How olin showed diatomaceous earth
from Lord Howe Island (vide MISCELLANEA). He also
exhibited a section of an “‘Tron Ball’’ or ‘‘Box,’’ a hollow
segregation of iron found in shale. Dr. PULLEINE showed a
specimen of Prsonia Brunonana, covered with captured flies ;
also a large slab of talc from a native storehouse, and a bull-
roarer associated with it. Mr. A. M. Lea showed two drawers
of insects taken by Capt. S. A. White and himself on a recent
trip to Ooldea; a drawer of showy longicorn beetles, from
tropical Australia; a stag beetle (from Mr. Ashby) so covered
with small ticks that its body was almost concealed; two
scorpions (from Mr. E. L. Savage), one of which, when taken,
was carrying about thirty young ones on its back; and (also
667
from Mr. Savage) a minute blind beetle, of the genus
Rodwagia, occurring in the nests of ants, and now first
recorded from South Australia. Mr. Epcar R. Waite
showed a photograph of a hat from New Britain, eight feet
in diameter, which is worn by two men at once. Capt. S. A.
Wuite showed live and dead specimens of the old English
black rat, recently introduced from Egypt, and now doing ~
serious damage in our orchards. During its sojourn in Egypt
for many generations it has become much lighter in colour.
He also showed photographs exemplifying its ravages. Mr.
F. R. ZietTz showed some tear-drop shaped obsidianites, from
the Diamantina ; also tracings of aboriginal pictographs, from
two rock shelters at Yattalunga, in the valley of the South
Para River, near Smithfield, sketches of some of which had
been previously published in vol. xxvi. of our ‘‘Transactions,”’
and, in addition, a jaw of a bandicoot, freshwater mussels
(Umo sp.), and fragments of emu egg shell found amongst
the ashes and sand on the floor of one of the shelters. Capt.
S. A. Wurte showed photographs of the locality of these
shelters, and urged that action should be taken to preserve
them.
| Resolved.—‘‘That the Council be requested to consider
what steps can be taken to protect these interesting relics of
aboriginal art.’’
Paper.—‘‘The [odine and Bromine Contents of a Sample
of Water from Lake Gairdner,’’ by W. TErnent Cooke, D.Sc.
OrpDINARY MEETING, May 10, 1917.
Tue Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.), in the
chair.
* Nomination.—John F. Bailey was nominated a Fellow.
Exection.—Charles A. E. Fenner, D.Sc., F.G.S., was
elected a Fellow.
Exuripits.—Mr. Epwin Asusy exhibited a number of
Polyplacophora (Chitons) collected by himself at Port Lincoln.
Amongst these was a very carinated specimen of Ploaiphora,
which he believed would correspond with the description of
the lost Ploxiphora conspersa, described by Adams and Angas
from specimens collected at Port Lincoln. The less carinated
form described by Tom, Iredale as P. matthews, of which
several specimens from Port Lincoln were shown, is, in Mr.
Ashby’s opinion, only a variety of Adams and Angas’ P.
conspersa. The type form is evidently much rarer than the
variety, as only two specimens were obtained by Dr. Torr,
who was collecting with him, and one by himself. Tue
668
PRESIDENT showed an ethnological object, sent by Dr. Ronald
Triidinger, from Melut, on the Nile, in the Anglo-Egyptian
Sudan. It was a rude model in blue mud of an elephant,
with pieces of grass stem, about six inches in length, stuck
into its back. When a child is attacked by fever among the
Dinka tribe such a model is made, the grass stems being
inserted while it 1s soft, and the child is then expected to
recover. Capt. S. A. Wurre showed six species of dotterels
from the dry interior of Australia, vzz.:—Hupoda_ virida
(Oriental dotterel), Peltohyas australis (Australian dotterel),
Cirripedismus bicinetus (double-banded dotterel), Llseya
melanops (black-fronted dotterel), Leuwcopolius ruficapillus
(red-capped dotterel), and Hrythrogonys cinctus (red-kneed
dotterel). Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited some remarkable galls on
Banksias, from which several kinds of insects had been reared ;
also two flies, parasitic upon the egg masses of spiders, and
having extremely small heads in comparison with their bodies ;
also a drawer of carnivorous bark-beetles from the Blackburn
collection, and a drawer of fine tropical longicorn beetles. Mr.
J. M. Buacx showed several weeds gathered in flower on the
Adelaide park lands, between April 22 and 25, although
their usual flowering season varied from June to October.
This was the effect of the unusually heavy rains in February
and March. Mr. F. R. Zierz exhibited a nest of Geobasileus
chrysorrhous (yellow-rumped tit) from the Grange, and five
specimens of stone fungi from various parts of South
Australia. 3
ORDINARY MEETING, JUNE 14, 1917.
THe PREsIDENT (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S8.), in the
chair.
Siz E. C. Stirtinc.—The PRESIDENT reported that Pro-
fessor E. C. Stirling, C.M.G., F.R.S., etc., had been honoured
with the title of Knight Bachelor. Besides being a valued
contributor to the Transactions and Memoirs, Sir Edward
had, at various times, served the Society as President, Vice-
President, and Member of Council.
Evection.—J. F. Bailey, Director of Botanic Garden,
Adelaide, was elected a Fellow.
Exuisits.—Capt. 8S. A. WuirTe exhibited objects obtained
on the route of the Port Augusta-Kalgoorle Railway, v2z.:—
(1) a marsupial mole; (2) salt fromr Lake Hart: (3) photo-
graphs of insects; and (4) various plants; also eggs of white-
backed and black-backed magpies, from different parts of South
Australia, noticeable for the great variation in their colouring.
It was resolved: “That the possibility of action to protect
the rare species of palms and cycads from extermination be
669
considered by the Council.’ Mr..J. F. Bartey showed a
native mat from the Gulf of Carpentaria, made of the fibre
of a marine sedge; the fruit of a South American myrtaceous
plant, growing in the Botanic Garden, Adelaide; and a nut
from Central Australia. Mr. W. Howcain, for Dr. Pulleine,
_exhibited a piece of flexible sandstone from India. Mr. F. R.
ZieTzZ showed a lizard from Port Darwin, Chelosania hrunnea,
Gray, being the second known specimen of this species. Dr.
J. B. CLreLanD, of Sydney, showed a beautiful set of water-
colour drawings of Australian fungi (Agarics).
Mr. D. B. LavrieE read an account of a Native Legend
of the Narrung district, South Australia (vide MisceLLANeEa).
Papers.—-‘‘Additions to the Flora of South Australia,
No. 11,’ by J. M. Black; “‘Studies in Australian Lepidop-
tera,’ by A. Jefieris Turner, M.D., F.E.S.; ‘‘On Some
Moths from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, in the South
Australian Museum,’’ by A. Jefferis Turner, M.D., F.E.S. ;
‘Notes on some Miscellaneous Coleoptera, with Descriptions
of New Species, Part III.,” by Arthur M. Lea.
ORDINARY MEETING, JULY 12, 1917.
THE Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R. C. S.), in the
chair.
THE PRESIDENT reported that the question of protection
to rare palms and cycads was under consideration by the
Council; also that the balance (£250) of Mr. R. Barr Smith’s
legacy had been received and steps taken to invest it.
Exurpits.—Mr. Epwin Asupy showed skins of Hydro-
chelidon leucoptera grisea (eastern white-winged tern),
Lathamus discolor (swift lorikeet), and a complete series of
Australian cuckoo shrikes (vide MISCELLANEA).
Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited numerous insects and a scorpion
caught by the sticky seeds of Pisonia brunoniana, in Queens-
land; also some large moths caught by the tongue by the
contraction of the flowers of a rubber tree, of which Mr. A. P.
Dodd, of Cairns, wrote: ‘‘The moths were caught by the
tongue in a species of rubber flower, and were unable to
extricate themselves. When caught they dash about in order
to free themselves, but it is only a very strong specimen
that is able to escape. We have frequently found two or
three of these moths caught in one flower. Once we secured
four, and once five. The name of the rubber tree is Taber-
naemontana crassa.’’ Capt. S. A. WuitEe showed a bird
(Scopus umbretta) (vide MIscELLANEA). Mos icBso CR
“Z$1eTZ showed the larva of a crustacean, of the family
/
670
‘Scyllaridae, probably /bacus, popularly known as the “glass
crab.”’ This was received from Capt. C. A. Anderson, of
Kingscote, Kangaroo Island. Mr. L. K. Warp showed a map
of South Australia indicating the relation between the rain-
fall and the contours.
Paper.—‘‘Notes on the Remarkable Hailstorm, near —
Adelaide, on May 12, 1917,’ by WattErR Howcnain, F.G.S.
OrpinaRY Meretine, Aucust 9, 1917.
THE PresipEnt (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.), in the
chair.
Exurpits.—Dr. R. 8. Rocers exhibited drawings of the
orchid described by him on November 9, 1916, now identified
as Satyrium corwfolium. It had been ascertained that it
was introduced from South Africa during the Boer War,
cultivated in a private garden, from which it had spread for
some distance. Mr. A. G. Epquist showed a piece of boiled
potato, which had been soaked in copper sulphate and placed
on a sheet of glass under a tumbler. It was now covered
with a growth of mould, and what was probably a colony of
bacteria. This was interesting, as pickling seed wheat in copper
sulphate was the process usually adopted to preserve it from
such growths. Mr. J. M. Buiack exhibited a native convolvulus
plant, (C’. erubescens), received from Miss Mills. of Woolshed
Flat, notable for its fasciated stem. Mr. Epncar R. Waite
showed living larvae and eggs of a Mexican amphibian,
known in the larval stage as Avgolotl, and in the adult
stage as Amblystoma. It is remarkable for arriving
at sexual maturity in the larval stage, but if the water
dries up it develops lungs and breeds in the. adult
stage. Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited dry and moist samples of
wheat from the outside of some stacks at Port Adelaide,
severely damaged by insects, of which there were at least
twenty species, the principal one being the rice weevil
(Calandra orizae), but a small reddish beetle (Tribolium
ferrugineum) was also numerous. Professor T. G. B.
Osporn exhibited specimens of WHzocarpus cupressiformis
(native cherry), showing its semi-parasitic habit upon various
roots ; also microscopic preparations showing how the haustoria
of the Hxocarpus penetrated the root of its host, setting up a
connection with the wood and bast of the latter.
Papers.—‘‘Notes on some South Australian Eucalypts,’’
by J. H. Marpen, I.S.0., F.R.S., etc.; ‘‘Results of the South
Australian Museum Expedition to Cooper Creek, 1916, wz. -
—Introduction, Mammals, Snakes., etc., by Edgar R. Waite,
F.L.S.; Birds, by Capt. S. A. White, M.B.O.U., R.A.O.U.;
671
Stomach Contents of Birds, by A. M. Lea, F.E.S.; Lizards,
by F. R. Zietz; Fishes, by A. R. McCulloch and Edgar R.
Waite; Crustacea, by Dr. Charles Chilton; Insects, by A. M.
Lea, F.E.S.; Spiders, by W. J. Rainbow, F.L.S., F.E.S.;
Plants, by J. M. Black; Notes on the Rainfall, by H. A.
Hunt.’’
ORDINARY MEETING, SEPTEMBER 18, 1917.
THe Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.), in the .
chair. |
Nomination.—G. M. Young, chemist, Hutt Street, was
nominated as Fellow.
Exuipit.—Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited Termites, queen and
workers; also a Bible from Leigh Creek, completely riddled
by these insects.
Paper.—‘‘ Additions to the Orchidaceous Plants of South
Australia,’ by R. S. Rocers, M.A., M.D.
ANNUAL MEETING, OcTOBER 11, 1917.
THe Presipent (J. C. Verco, M.D., F.R.C.S.), in the
chair. 7
Exuisits.—Mr. Howcuin exhibited a glacial erratic
found by Dr. Teale at Dingable-Dinga, in a cutting on the
main road, between Meadows and Willunga. This is a new
locality for Permo-carboniferous glacial deposits and the
furthest north hitherto recorded, south of the Willunga
range. It is of quartzite, covered with a ferruginous skin,
of sub-angular outline, and having two smooth faces, one
distinctly striated. It is at present uncertain whether the
erratic was im situ, or had been washed out of a glacial clay
and mixed with re-arranged material. Mr. Epwin AsxHpy
exhibited two birds collected near Loxton, wiz., Pomatorhinus
rufaceps and Malurus melanotus; also two forms of native
currant (Styphelia depressa). . Professor OSBORN showed two
Lycopods, /soetes, sp. (drummondiu [1%]), and Phylloglossum
drummondu, collected for the first time in South Australia.
Mr. A. M. Lea exhibited a collection of wheat-attacking
insects, some very destructive, some acting as scavengers, and
some being parasitical upon the destructive species ; also some
small flies of the genus Simuliwm.
The Annual Report and Balance-sheet were read and
adopted.
ELECTION OF OFrFiceRS.—The following, who retired by -
effluxion of time, were re-elected :—President, J. C. Verco,
M.D., F.R.C.8S.; Vice-Presidents, Professor E. H. Rennie,
M.A., D.Sc., F.C.S., and Lieut.-Colonel R. S. Rogers,
672
M.A., M.D.; Hon. Treasurer, W. B. Poole; Members of
Council, kk. Ashby, M.B.O.U., and R. H. Pulleine, M.B.;
Representative Governor on Board of Public Library, etc.,
W. Howchin, F.G.8.; and Hon. Auditors, W. L. Ware, J.P.,;
and H. Whitbread. ‘
Papers.—‘‘The Lepidoptera of Broken Hill, Part ITII.,’’
by Oswatp B. Lower, F.L.S., F.E.S.; ‘‘Records and
Descriptions of Australian Chalcidoidea,’’? by Aran P. Dopp;
“Additions to the Flora of South Australia, No. 12,’’ by
J. M. Biack; “‘Notes on Australian Isopoda,’’ by CHaARuEs |
Cuitton, D.Sc., C.M., C.M.Z.S., etc., communicated by
Kdgar R. Waite, F.L.S.
ANNUAL REPORT, 1916-17,
The Council is glad to be able to report that notwith-
standing the continuance of war conditions the work of the
Society has been well sustained, and that the next volume
of its Transactions will include contributions to Australian
Entomology by Dr. A. Jefferis Turner, Mr. A. M. Lea, and
Mr. Oswald B. Lower; and to Australian Botany by Mr.
J. M. Black, Dr. R. S. Rogers, and.Mr. J; H. Maiden,
Special features will be a detailed description of a remarkable
hailstorm near Adelaide by Mr. W. Howchin, and several
papers by various contributors upon the scientific results of
the South Australian Museum Expedition to Cooper Creek
in 1916. Many objects of interest were shown at the evening
meetings. .
The necessary steps for the protection of native fauna
and flora in a reserve on Kangaroo Island have not yet been
taken by the Government, the Bill for this purpose having
been again postponed.
The two researches towards which the Society made small
grants, as referred to in last year’s report, are still in progress.
The work of our Honorary Fellow, Professor W. H.
Bragg, in the region of physics has again been recognized,
the Royal Soéiety of London having awarded him the
Rumford Medal; while in conjunction with his son he was
received the gold medal of the Physical Section of the Societa
Italiana delle Scienze. Our Fellow and Past President,
Professor E. C. Stirling has also been honoured with the title
of Knight Bachelor. |
673
The additions to the library have been somewhat curtailed
through the cessation of exchanges with the learned societies
in enemy countries, and the postponement of some with other
countries until transport becomes more regular and certain.
Negotiations with the geological surveys of the various State
Departments of the United States of America have led in
many cases to an agreement to exchange publications in
future. A moderate amount of binding has been done during
the year.
In accordance with a resolution passed by the Society, on
November 9 last, an effort has been made to obtain portraits
and, where possible, autographs of all Presidents, Vice-
Presidents, Hon. Secretaries, Hon. Treasurers, and Editors
of the Society since its foundation in 1853. The number of
such officers to date is 56, and portraits of all except three
are now in hand. It 1s proposed to bind them in album form,
and in future to keep the collection up to date.
The membership now comprises 10 Honorary Fellows, 5
Corresponding Members, 74 Fellows, and 1 Associate.
Jos. C. Verco, President.
WattTeR Rutt, Hon. Secretary.
September 30, 1917.
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AUSTRALASIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1911-14. Scientific
reports, ser. C, vol. 4, pt. 1. Adel. 1916.
AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS. Proc.,
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AvustrRaLiA. Advisory Council of Science and Industry.
Reports 1-3. Melb. 1916-17.
— Memorandum on the Organization of Scientific
Research Institutions in U.S.A. Melb. 1916.
Bureau of Census and Statistics. Census of the
Commonwealth, 1911, vol. 1. Melb. 1917.
Official Year Book, No. 9. 1916.
Bureau of Meteorology. Bulletin, no. 14. 1916.
— Rainfall map for 1916.
——- Dept. of External Affairs. Bull. of the territory of
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Dept. of Trade and Customs. Fisheries. Zoological
results of fishing experiments carried out by F.I.S.
‘‘Endeavour,’’ vol. 4, pt. 2-4. Melb. 1916.
STANLEY, E. R. Geology of Woodlark I., Papua.
a
ee
ee
NEW SOUTH WALES.
AUSTRALIAN Museum, Records, vol. 11, no. 5-10. 1916-17.
— Report, to June, 1916. Syd. 1916.
LINNEAN Society oF N.S.W. Proc., vol. 41, pt. 3-4; 42, pt.
LY yds 1926- Ers
Marpen, J. H. Critical revision of the genus Eucalyptus,
pt. 28-31. Syd. 1916-17.
Forest flora of N.S.W., vol. 6, pb. 9-103) Ties
1916.
NATURALISTS’ Society oF N.S.W. Australian Naturalist,
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New Soutu Wates. Botanic Gardens. Report, 1915.
Board of Fisheries. Report, 1915. Syd. 1916.
677
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gazette of N.S.W., vol. 27, pt. 10-12; 28, pt. Le.
1916-17.
Dept. of Mines. Report, 1916. Syd.
Geological Survey. Mineral resources of
hee. wW., no. 22, 24, 26. Syd... 1916-17.
Records, vol. 9, pt. 3. 1916.
Dept. of Public Health. Report, 1914-15.
Rovat Society or N.S.W. Proc., vol. 18, 27, 50. 1885-1917.
SypNEY UNIVERSITY. Science papers, A, Bl, B2, 1909-16.
QUEENSLAND.
QuEENSLAND. Dept. of Agriculture. Botany bull., no. 19.
Brisb. 1917.
Dept. of Mines. Geological survey publications, no.
eee eo, 204, 257.:: Brisb. , 1916,
RoyaL SocieTY OF QUEENSLAND. Proc., vol. 28. 1916.
eee need
oo
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Pusiic Lisprary, Musrtum, anp ArT GALLERY oF S.A.
Report, 1915-16.
RoyaL GEOGRAPHICAL Society oF AvusTRALasia (S.A.
Peano). Proc., vol. 17. Adel... 1917.
SoutH AustraLia. Dept. of Chemistry. Bull., no. 1-6, 8.
Adel. 1916-17.
——— Dept. of Mines. Metallurgical report, no. 1-2.
1916-17.
——— . Review of mining operations in §.A., no. 24-
go. 1916.
Geological Survey. Bull., no. 6. 1917.
Government Geologist’s report, 1916.
Woods and Forests Dept. Report, 1915-16.
SoutH AUSTRALIAN ScHooL oF MINES AND INDUSTRIES.
Annual report, 1915. Adel. 1916.
TASMANIA.
Roya Society oF Tasmania. Proc., 1916. Hobart. 1917.
Tasmania. Geological Survey. Bull., no. 25. 1916.
Mineral resources, no. 1, pt. 3; no. 2-4.
1916-17.
VICTORIA.
Roya, GeoGRapHicaL Society oF AUSTRALASIA (VICTORIAN
Branc#). Journ., vol. 33. Melb. 1917.
Royvat Society oF Victoria. Proc., vol. 29. Melb. 1917.
Victoria. Dept. of Agriculture. Journ., vol. 14, pt. 10-12;
| 15, pt. 1-9. Melb. 1916-17
——— Dept. of Mines. Report, 1915-16.
\
678
Victoria. Dept. of Mines. Geological Survey. Mem., no.
131 Oe.
Vicrorian Narvurauist, vol. 33, . no. 6-123 \343 ieee
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WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
Roya Society oF W.A. Journ., vol. 1. Perth. 1916.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Geological Survey. Bull., no. 66-69,
4 ha Perth: APO Reeig
ENGLAND.
British ANTARCTIC ExprpITIon. Reports: geology, vol. 2.
Lond. 1916.
British Museum (Naturat History). Catalogue of ungulate
mammals, vol. 5. Lond... 1916.
Economic ser., no. 2. 1915.
Special guide, no. 7. 1916.
CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL Society. Proc., vol. 19, pt. 1.
Trans., vol. 22, no:, 10-11.; Cambie
CaMBRIDGE University. Library report, 1916.
Solar Physics Observatory. Annals, vol. 3, pt. 1.
CoNCHOLOGICAL Society. Journ., vol. 15, no. 4-6. Lond.
1916.
GEOLOGICAL SociETY oF Lonpon. Quarterly journ., vol. 71,
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Horne tu, Jas. Marine zoology of Okhamandel. Lond. 1916.
IMPERIAL. Institute. Bull., vol. 14, no: 2-40 (eonGair
Linnean Society or Lonpon. Journ.: botany, no. 292-4.
Journ.; zoology, no. 223. Lond. 1916.
—* Proc: and “418i. 10 boeLo.
LIVERPOOL GEOGRAPHICAL Society. Trans., 1916.
Natronat Puysican Lasoratory. Report, 1915-16. Ted-
dington. 1916.
NortH oF ENGLAND INSTITUTE OF MINING AND MECHANICAL
ENGINEERS. Trans., vol. 66, pt. 3-7. _Newc. 1916.
OxForRD UNIVERSITY Press. Periodical, no. 88-92.
Royat CoronraL Institute. United Empire, vol. 7, no.
9-123 8: no: 1-85 “bend. D3dG6- hi:
RoyaL GEOGRAPHICAL Society. Journ., vol. 48, no. 3-6; 49;
50, no. 2-2. Lond. ? 1916-07.
Royat Microscopican Society. Journ., 1916, pt. 5-6; 1917;
pt. 1-3. Tond*: Tales
Royat. Society. Proc., ser. A, no. 644-6525) geri:
617-621. Lond. 1916-17; |
Yearbook, 1917. :
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TRELAND.
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SCOTLAND.
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_ Roya Society or Epinsurex. Proc., vol. 36; 37, pt. 1-3.
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1917.
ARGENTINE.
AcapEmia NACIONAL DE CreNcrIAS. Boletin, tom. 9, entr. 3-4;
17, entr. 4: 21. Buenos Aires. 1886-1916.
BRAZIL.
Instituto OswaLpo Cruz. Mem., t. 8, pt. 1. Rio de Janeiro.
Museu Pavuista. Catalogos da fauna Brazileira, vol. 2-4.
Sao Paulo. 1909-13.
— Notas preliminares, vol. 1, fasc. 1-3. 1907-14.
eviews. vol: 2, 5, 7, 9. ~1897-1914.
CANADA.
Canava. Dept. of Mines. Geological Survey. Contributions
to Canadian palaeontology, vol. 3, pt. 1, 3-4. 1891-
1908.
Oe ee eee
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97.
a ee ee ee
Museum bull., no. 23-26. Ottawa.
——— — —— Mines Branch. Bull., no. 14,17. 1917.
Publication, no. 388, 426. 1916.
Canapian REcoRD OF SCIENCE, vol. 9, no. 8. Montreal. 1916.
Nova Scotian Institute oF Science. Proc., vol. 14, pt. 2.
Halifax. 1916.
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CEYLON.
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680
CHINA.
Royaut Asiatic Society, NortH-CH1na BRANCH. Journ. eal.
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DENMARK.
K. DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES SELSKABS. Oversigt, 1916, no.
3.
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FRANCE.
BONAPARTE, PRINCE. Notes ptéridologiques, 1-2. Par. 1915.
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LONy..
INDIA.
Inp1a. Board of Scientific Advice. Report, 1915-16.
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Dept. of Agriculture. Mem.: botanical ser., vol. 8,
no.1;:5-6;-9. no. 1-2;.47> Cale: 429i |
Mem.: chemical ser., vol. 4, no. 6; 5, no. 1.
Report, 1915-16. Cale. 1917
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ITALY.
Ma.ricHia, anno. 27, fasc. 7-12. Catania. 1916. |
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Formosa. Bureau of Productive Industries. Icones of the
plants of Formosa, vol. 6. Taihoku. 1916.
Japan. Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee. Bull.,
vol. 7, no. 2; 8, no. 3. .Tokyo: 1916-17,
Kyoro IMPERIAL Uxisases: College of Engineering. Mem.,
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—_———_ College of Science. Mem., vol. 1, no.. 8-10; 2, no. 1-2.
HHT
681
TOHOKU IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY. Science reports, Ist ser., vol.
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NEDERLANDSCH OostT-INDIE. AHoofd-Bureau Mijnwezen.
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Instituto GEoLoGcico DE Mexico. Anales, no. 1.
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report of Dominion laboratory. Well. 1916.
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New ZEALAND INSTITUTE. Trans., vol. 48. Well.
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——— Aarsberetning, 1914-16. Bergen.
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SociktE IMPERIALE DES NaATURALISTES DE Moscov. Bull.,
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JUNTA DE CiENCIES NaTURALS DE Barcetona. Ser. zoologica,
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| SWEDEN. |
Acapesrn ROYALE DES BELLES-LETTRES D’HISTOIRE ET
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Lrprary, with 36 other pamphlets.
682
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Tidskrift, Arg. 37, H., 1-4. Upsala. 1916.
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Report, 1913, 1915-16.
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S.A. ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT CF SCIENCE. Journ.,
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Journ.,
vol. 16, pt. 3. 1916.
——-— Proc., vol. 68, pt. 1-2. Philad. 1916.
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SociETy. Journ., vol. 38; 39, no. 1-8.
AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL Society. Geographical review, vol.
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papers, vol. 10, pt. 4; 11, pt. 11-12; 17 epteee 18,
pt Ao. 1, N.Y. 1916.
~-- Cicindelinae of North America.
Guide leaflets, no. 44. 1916.
——— Handbook ser., no. 4. 1916.
—— Journ., vol. 16, no. 6-8; 17, no. 1-5. 1916-17.
——— Mem., n-s., vol. 1, pt. 6. 1916.
—— Monograph ser., vol. 2. 1915.
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683
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Science bulletin, vol. 2, no. 6; 3, no. 1. 1916.
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF ScreNcES. Proc., 4th ser., vol. 5,
foes: >. m0, 1-7. San. Fran. 1916.
CaLirornia. State Mining Bureau. Bull., no. 71-73.
Geological map of California. 1916.
CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY. Publications in American archae-
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7 Geology, vol. 8, no. 22; 9, no. 1-18; 10, no. 1.
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ieee, 1-15... 1915-16.
——— Agricultural Experiment Station. Entomology, vol.
—— —
i no.«,; 1917.
(CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NaTuRAL History. Journ., vol. 22,
no.’ F:
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DENISON ScIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. Bull., vol. 17, art. 8-14;
feo. Granville, -O. 1914-15.
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Dwmo.. 11.
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Ornithological ser., vol. 1, no. 10.
——-— Report ser., vol. 5, no. J, 1915. Chie.
— Zoological ser., vol. 10, no. 14. 1916.
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pee. Philad. .1916-17.
HARVARD COLLEGE. Jfuseum of Comparative Zoology. Bull.,
meee 4. 1. tO. bs). 35, mo. 135 55;,- no. 3-4; 56, no:
3-4; 57, no. 3-4; 58; no. 8-11; 59-60; 61, no. 2-9.
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Studies in social sciences, No. 6. 1916.
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Proc., vol. 2, no. 9-12; 3, no. 1-7. Wash. 1916.
NEBRASKA. Geological Survey. Vol. 4, pt. 2, 6, 8, 15-27.
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Mineral resources, 1914, I, 25-26; 1915, I,
125 ad es 1-14... 1O-Y%, 19-20:
Professional paper, 89, 91, 98 A-KMN. 1916.
Water-supply paper, 332, 360, 369,- 374,
37DG, 383-4,:°387; 395, 398-9.
——— National Museum. Bull. 50, pt. 7; 94; 96.
— Contributions from the Natiniel Herbarium,
vol. 18; pt. 53°20 phate Loree,
Pape. 70 49-50. Wash. 1916.
WaGneR FREE INSTITUTE OF ScIENCE. Annual Announce-
ment, 1916-17. Philad. |
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, St. Louis. Studies, vol. 2, pt. 1,
no. 2, and pt. 2, no. 2; vol. 3, pt. 1, no. 1, and pt. 2,
no. 1-2; vol. 4, pt. 1, no. 1. 1915-16.
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6895
LIST.OF MEMBERS
SEPTEMBER 30, 1917.
Those marked with an asterisk have contributed papers pub-
lished in the Society’s Transactions. ,
Any change in address should be notified to the Secretary.
Nore.—The publications of the Society will not ‘be sent to
those whose subscriptions are in arrears.
Date of
Election.
1910.
~ 1893.
1897.
1890.
1905.
1905.
Honorary FELLOWS.
*Braae, W. H., C.B.E., M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Physies,,
University College, London (Fellow 1886).
*Cossman, M., Rue de Maubeuge, 95, Paris.
pate T. W. EpagEwortH, C.M.G., B.A., D.Sc., F.R.S8.,
E.G. S., Professor of Geology, University of Sydney.
*ETHERIDGE, Rosert, jun., Director and Curator of the
Australian Museum of New South Wales, Sydney.
GitL, THomas, 1.8.0., Under-Treasurer, Adelaide.
“Hepiry CHAS. ss Assistant Curator, Australian Museum,
ydney
*MAIDEN, t H.,, I.8.0., F.R.S., F.L.S.. Director Botanic
Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales.
*MEYRICK, B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., Tohrnhanger, Marl-
eek. T Witte ee
*Witson, J. T., M._D., Ch.M., Professor of Anatomy,
University of Sydney, New South Wales.
“Tepper, J. G. O., 9, Elizabeth Street, Norwood
(Corresponding Member 1878, Fellow 1886).
CoRRESPONDING MEMBERS.
“CARTER, H. J., B.A., Wahroonga, New South Wales.
* JoHNCOCK, C. Be, Clare.
*STRETTON, W. G: Darwin, Northern Porrtiany
THomson, G. M., F.L.S., Dunedin, New Zealand.
*WooLnoven, Watrer George, D. Se., F.G.8., Professor in
Geology, University of Perth (Fellow 1902).
FELLOWS.
*Asusy, Epwin, M.B.O.U., Blackwood.
Barney, ok, . Director Botanic Garden, Adelaide.
*BaxkeErR, W. H., F.L.S., Glen Osmond Road, Parkside.
*Braox, J. McConnzt, 1 Brougham Place, North Adelaide.
BraDuey, Epaar J., C.B., Hydraulic Engineer’ s Depart-
ment, Adelaide.
*BRoUGHTON, A. C., Young Street, Parkside.
Brown, Epgar J., "M.B. .Fh., 3. North Terrace.
*Brown, H. Y. L., ” 986, Ward Street, North Adelaide.
BruMMITT, Roserr, M.B.C.S., Medindie.
ma 686
Buut, Lionet B., Laboratory, Adelaide Hospital.
Bunpey, Miss Exviten Mitne, 148, Molesworth Street, -
North Adelaide. | aes
*CuapMan, R. W., M.A., B.C.E., Professor of Mathematics
and Mechanics, University of Adelaide.
CHRISTIE, W., 49, Rundle Street, Adelaide.
“CLELAND, JoHN B., M.D., Government Bureau of Micro-
biology, Sydney, New South Wales.
*“CooKE, W. T., D.Sc., Lecturer, University of Adelaide.
Corsin, H., B.Sc., Forest Department, Adelaide.
CornisH, K. M., Coast View, Adelaide Road, Glenelg.
Daruine, H. G., Franklin Street, Adelaide.
DarrocH, D. G., Australian United Paint Co., Port
Adelaide.
*Dixon, SAMUEL, Bath Street, New Glenelg.
Dopp, Avan P., Kuranda, N. Queensland.
Dutton, H. H., Anlaby.
Epaquist, A. G., Tate Terrace, Croydon.
Fenner, C. A. E., D.Se., F.G.S., Education Department,
Adelaide. |
Frreuson, E. W., M.B., Ch.M., Gordon Road, Roseville,
Sydney.
Gorpon, Davin, c/o D. & W. Murray, Gawler Place,
Adelaide.
*GoypEeR, George, A.M., F.C.S., Gawler Place, Adelaide.
“Grant, Kerr, M.Sc., Professor of Physics, University of
Adelaide.
GrirFitH, H., Brighton.
Hackett, W. C., Rundle Street, Adelaide.
Hancock, H. Lirson, A.M.1.C.E., M.I1.M.M., M.Am.I.M.E.,
Moonta Mines.
Hawker, E. W., F.C.S., East Bungaree, Clare.
*HowcuHin, Water, F.G.8S., Lecturer in Geology and
Paleontology, University of Adelaide.
Jack, R. L., B.E., Assistant Government Geologist,
Adelaide.
James, THomas, M.R.C.S., Moonta.
*Jounson, HE. A., M.D., M:R.C.S., 295, Pirie Street,
Adelaide.
Laurig, D. F., Agricultural Department, Victoria Square.
*Lea, A. M., F.E.S., South Australian Museum, Adelaide.
Lenpon, A. A., M.D. (Lond.), M.R.C.S., Lecturer in
Obstetrics, University of Adelaide, and Hon.
Physician, Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide.
*LoweER, Oswatp B., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 18, Bartley Crescent,
Wayville.
Matuews, G. M., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Foulis Court,
Fair Oak, Hants, England.
*Mawson, Sir Doveras, D.Sc., B.E., Lecturer in
| Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Adelaide.
_ Mayo, Gro. G., C.E., 90, Hill Street, North Adelaide.
Mexrose, Rosert Tuomson, Mount Pleasant.
*Morcan, A. M., M.B., Ch.B., Angas Street, Adelaide.
*Osnorn, T. G. B., M.Sc., Professor of Botany, University
of Adelaide. .
Pootr, W. B., Savings Bank, Adelaide.
Poors, T. S., B.A.,. LL.B., Register Chambers, Grenfell
Street.
687
Pore, WitL1aAM, Eagle Chambers, King William Street.
PuuueInE, Masor R. H., M.B., North Terrace, Adelaide.
Ray, WitiaM, M.B., B.Sc., Victoria Square, Adelaide.
"RENNIE, Ep warp H., M.A., D.Sc. (Lond.), F.C C.S., Pro-
fessor of Chemistry, University of Adelaide.
Rippi#£, Starr-Seret. A. R., No. 7 A.G. Hospital, Keswick.
Roacu, B. S., Education Department, Flinders Street,
Adelaide.
"Rogers, Lizut.-Cor. R. S., M.A., M.D., Flinders Street,
Adelaide.
*Rutt, Waiter, C.E., College Park, Adelaide.
SauNnDERS, M. 'E., Wood Street, Millswood.
Setway, W. H., Treasury, Adelaide.
Simson, Aveustus, J.P., Launceston, Tasmania.
Snow, Francis H., National Mutual Buildings, King
William Street.
*Stantey, E. R., Government Geologist, Port Moresby,
Papua.
*STrRLING, Sirk Epwarp C., Kt., C.M.G., M.A., M.D.
F.R. ee. F.R.C.S., Professor of Physiology, University
of Adelaide, Hon. Curator of Kthnology, South Aus-
tralian Museum.
SWEETAPPLE, ey Be M.D. Hark Terrace, Parkside.
*Torr, W. ate Tees M.A.. BOs: , Brighton, South Aus-
tralia.
*TuRNER, A. JErreris, M.D., F.E.S., Wickham Terrace,
Brisbane, Queensland.
*VERCO, JosEPH C., M.D. (Lond.), F.R.C.S., Consulting
Physician Adelaide Hospital and Children’s Hospital.
Wainwrieut, EK. H., B.Sc. (Lond.), Seafield Tower,
Glenelg.
*Waitt, Enear R., F.L.S., Director South Australian
Museum.
Warp, Lronarp Kerrn, B.A., B.E., Government Geologist,
Adelaide.
Ware, W. L., King William Street.
Wess, Noe ak Barrister, Waymouth Street, Adelaide.
Wuitpreap, Howarp, c/o "A. M. Bickford & Sons, Currie
Street, Adelaide.
*WHITE, Caprarn S. A., M.B.O.U., ‘‘Wetunga,’’ Fulham,
South Australia.
*Zretz, F. R., South Australian Museum.
ASSOCIATE.
Rostinson, Mrs. H. R., ‘lias Conchas,’’ Largs Bay, South
Australia.
688
APPEN DICKS.
FIELD NATURALISTS’ SECTION
OF THE
Ropul Society of South Australia (Incorporated),
THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
COMMITTEE.
For THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 18, 1917.
Your Committee is pleased to report that the meetings
and excursions of this Section have been well attended during
the year.
The election of officers at the annual meeting held on
September 19, 1916, resulted in the following members being
appointed to the various offices: —Chairman, Prof. T. G. B.
Osborn, M.Sc.; Vice-Chairmen, Sgt. A. R. Riddle and Mr.
W. J. Kimber; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. B. B. Beck; Hon.
Secretary, Mr. Wm. Ham; Hon. Assistant Secretary, Miss E.
Hocking; //on. Librarian, Miss I. Roberts; Committee,
Lieut.-Col. R. S. Rogers, M.A., M.D., Capt. S. A. White,
M.B.0.U., Mr. W. J.. Mellor, R.A.O:U., Mri i eee
F.R:H.S.; Mrs. R. S. Rogers, Mr. W. H. Selway, Mr. R.
Llewellyn, and Mrs. J. F. Mellor; Hon. Auditors, Messrs.
Walter D. Reed and A. W. Drummond. |
During the year the Rules of the Society were altered to
include the Chairman and Hon. Secretary of the Fauna and
Flora Protection Committee as ex officio members of the
Committee of the Section. The names of Messrs. E. Ashby,
Chairman, and Mr. P. H. Runge, Hon. Secretary of the
Fauna and Flora Protection Committee were therefore added:
to those enumerated above.
The Fauna and Flora Protection Committee was also
elected at the annual meeting on September 19, 1916. The
following were chosen:—Mr. Edwin Ashby (Chairman); Mr.
P. H. Runge (Hon. Secretary); Lieut.-Col. R. 8. Rogers,
M.A., M.D.; Dr. W. Ramsay Smith, Dr. R. H. Pulleine,
689
Messrs. W. H. Selway, J. W. Mellor, J. M. Black, A. G.
Hdquist, E. H. Lock, A. M. Lea, 8. Angel, J. Willmott,
R. Llewellyn, S. Stokes, and Capt. S. A. White.
At the meeting held on October 17, 1916, in the absence
of the Chairman (Capt. 8S. A. White), who was then on
a scientific expedition to Central Australia, Mr. W. H.
Selway gave an interesting lecture on the Buffalo Ranges in
Victoria. With the aid of photographs and maps the lecturer
dealt with the geographical, physiographical, geological, and
scenic features of the region. Mr. Aitken gave a short paper
dealing with the adaptations in the structure of the fruit-
eating and insect-eating bats. At the same meeting many
interesting exhibits were tabled by Miss I. Roberts, Mr. E. H.
Ising, Mr. E. Drummond, and Mrs. J. F. Mellor.
_. The next evening meeting was held on May 17, 1916,
when Capt. S. A. White gave his lecture, ‘‘With an Expedi-
tion through the Cooper Creek District,’’ in which he dealt
most interestingly with his experiences in Central Australia
while collecting specimens of natural history, in company
with the Director of the Museum (Mr. Edgar R. Waite,
F.L.S..).. A large number of slides added to the interest of the
address. The lecturer made an eloquent appeal for the
co-operation of his hearers in the effort to secure from the
Government the reservation of the land over which the
Everard blacks still roam untouched by contact with the
whites.
On June 19 Dr. E. O. Teale lectured on ‘‘Travels in
Tropical Africa.’’ The speaker dealt with the physiography
of that region of coastal East Africa between the Zambesi
and the Limpopo Rivers. By the aid of diagrams the
lecturer illustrated the geological and physiographical features
of the region dealt with. He also exhibited a large number
of beautiful slides showing the scenic beauties resulting from
the uplift of part of the district, producing scarp faces, and
giving the rivers power to wear down picturesque gorges.
At the monthly meeting held on July 17, 1917, Mr. J. F.
Bailey (Director of the Botanic Garden) dealt with the
subject of ‘“‘Queensland Plants at Home.’’ With the aid of
a large number of artistically executed slides, the lecturer
took his hearers into the various botanical regions of the
Queensland scrubs and forests, and introduced them to many
of the most interesting plants to be found on the coast, in the
coastal plains, the southern forests and scrubs, the tropical
forests, and the great western plains.
_ :Dr..C. Fenner, F.G.S., spoke on ‘‘The History of. a
River’? at the monthly meeting held on August 21, 1917. The
lecturer, dealt with the growth and work of rivers generally
690
in cutting down their beds and forming flood plains and
deltas, thus producing most interesting scenic effects as well
as being of great economic value. The lecture was illustrated
with many diagrams and views of Australian river scenery,
etc.
On October 11, 1916, a small party, under the leadership
of Mr. E. H. Lock, visited Sibley’s marble quarries, at
Angaston. A large number of members, under the leadership
of Mr. W. H. Selway, collected native flowers in the scrub
between Williamstown and Kersbrook, securing a good number
of species; orchids being especially abundant. |
An excursion was made on October 21, 1916, to the
National Park, Belair. Professor Osborn led the botanists,
who secured a large number of specimens, while Mr. A. M.
Lea secured some interesting insects and addressed the
members on the subject of the food of birds.
The next excursion was to the Marino Rocks, on Novem-
ber 11, 1916, under the leadership of Mr. W. J. Kimber.
The few members who braved the elements had an interesting
time, and secured several kinds of shells. In the afternoon
Mr. Kimber addressed the members on the living inhabitants |
of the shells found.
On December 22, 1916, the President (Professor Osborn)
met a large party in the Botanic Garden and spoke on the
Pitcher Plants (Wepenthes) and the Cycads, illustrating his
remarks by specimens and by the plants growing in the
Garden, after which an adjournment was made to the
Classification Ground, where many interesting plants were
observed. The party afterwards rambled through the Garden,
noting amongst other things the rubber tree, the banyan, and
the collection of wattles.
The first excursion of the year 1917, held on January
20, was a dredging trip. Starting from the Outer Harbour
the party made a few casts of the dredge at the Semaphore
anchorage, and then returned to the Port River, where
dredging was resumed in the North Arm, where a few
specimens were obtained. Mr. Edgar R. Waite spoke on the
Oyster, referring especially to the diseases which attacked it.
Mr. Kimber spoke on the life history of some shell fish, and
Mr. W. Ham drew attention to the adaptation of the
mangrove to its surroundings, referring especially to the work
of the pneumatophores.
On January 29, 1917, members joined in an all-day
dredging trip in Gulf St. Vincent. The party spent
the night on board, and at dawn the vessel was well out in
the Gulf. Several hauls were made during the day, and some
interesting material was gathered. A new shell, of the genus
691
V olvatella, was secured, this being the first occasion on which
a specimen of this genus has been taken in South Australian
waters. The species has not yet been determined, and is
probably new to science.
On March 10, 1917, a large number of members travelled
to the Waterworks Reserve at Clarendon, under the leadership
of Capt. S. A. White. Many species of native birds were
observed in their native haunts, and the leader gave a short
lecture on some of the most interesting of South Australian
wild birds, illustrating his remarks by a number of skins
which he had secured from Central Australia and elsewhere,
chiefly those of the robins found in Australia. The Experi-
mental Orchard at Blackwood was also visited by the section.
The members were shown over the orchard by Mr. G. Quinn,
Instructor in Horticulture, and the Manager, Mr. C. Savage.
These officers described the plan of the orchard and gave
particulars of some of the experiments then in progress.
On April 21, 1917, Professor Osborn led a numerous
party across LeFevre Peninsula from the coast to the river.
The leader dealt, in turn, with the principal points in the
botany of the shore, the sand-dunes, the plains, the swamps,
and the mangrove flats, comparing the adaptations of the
different societies of plants to their varying environments.
Staff-Sergt. Riddle led a party through the Brighton
cement works on May 5, 1917, when the members were able
to inspect. the quarries from which the raw material was
taken, and thence to follow the whole process of manufacture
to the finished article.
On May 7, 1917, a large number of members travelled
by train to Port Noarlunga under the leadership of Mr. W. J.
Kimber. The members were able to secure a number of
fossils from the tertiary cliffs and to gather a harvest of
interesting shells, sponges, fish, etc., on the shore. The
leader dealt interestingly with the material collected. The
botany of the sand-dunes, near the mouth of the River
Onkaparinga, was also investigated.
A visit to the Museum was made on May 19, 1917, when
the Director (Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S.) addressed the
members and showed them through the new Australian Wing
of the Museum.
The inclemency of the weather on June 4, 1917, pre-
vented the party from carrying out the original intention of
visiting the aboriginal caves on the Para River. A trip was
made to Gawler, where the party inspected the Gawler
Institute and examined the Museum under the guidance of
Mr. F. R. Zietz.
692
On June 9, 1917, the members visited the Metallurgical
Experimental Laboratory, on the Frome Road. The Manager
of the Works, Mr. Connor, described the various methods of
treatment of ores pursued in the laboratory, and the members
spent a profitable afternoon. |
Dr. C. Fenner, F.G.S., led a party on June 16, 1917, up
the Waterfall Gully at Burnside. With the aid of diagrams
distributed to the members of the party, the leader described
the geological and physiographical features of the locality.
On June 30, 1917, Mrs. R. 8. Rogers conducted a party
of members through a portion of the National Park, at Belair.
Though the visit was early in the season, members succeeded
in securing a number of species of orchids.
Mr. A. G. Edquist acted as leader on July 14, 1917, the
excursion being to Eden Hills. The party was able to study
the glacial till 7m sitw on the creek, the members being supplied
with diagrams, which enabled them to follow the leader’s very
interesting descriptions.
Professor Osborn led the excursion on August 11, 1917,
to the Black Hill. Here the party was able to gather a great
number of species of native flowers. A special study was
made of the many species of Drosera met with in this locality.
The leader also spoke on the fertilization of the Hakeas.
On August 25 Mr. Ernest H. Ising led a party from the
Upper Sturt railway station to Belair. Members secured a
number of native flowers, and the leader spoke on the method
of classification of plants, illustrating his remarks by the:
specimens taken.
T. G. B. Ossorn, Chairman.
W. Ham, Hon. Secretary.
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694 :
MALACOLOGICAL SECTION
OF THE
Doval Society of South Australia (Yncorporated).
ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1916-1917.
Seven meetings were held during the year. There are
ten members. The average attendance of members was 4°3.
Over sixty species of shells, belonging to the following
genera, have been identified and classified during the year :—
Thais, Listrum, Fusis, Latirofusis, Altwvasum, Fascolaria,
Marginella, Mitia, Turris, Imbricaria, Lyria, and Scapha.
Dr. Verco has been elected President and Dr. Torr, Hon.
Secretary and Treasurer for 1917-18.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FOR 1916-17.
Receipts.
£ ge ids
To Subscriptions ... 13s as 1f soe ie eA
», Debit Balance ... oe fe ane rice Be)
£418
Expenditure. .
fs. ert
By Debit Balance, 1915-16 Oh) 3s aa
», Printing Post ‘Cards... = - od
», Subscription to Royal Society rah oo a Boe
£4186
Wiitram G. Torr, Hon. Treasurer.
/ 695
Se NeBR AL INDEX.
(Generic and specific names printed in italics indicate that the
-forms described are new. |
Ablepharus boutonii, 472.
Aboriginal pictographs, 667.
Abstract of Proceedings, 665. és
Abutilon Fraseri, 383, 644; Mitchelii,
644.
Acacia brachystachya, 640; Bynoe-
ana, 46, 382; iteaphylla, 640;
linophylla, 3881; Menzelw, 45;
Oswaldii, 45, 640; MRandelliana,
381; rigens, 582; salicina, 382, 642;
varians, 641.
Acanthentedon, 503; A. laticeps, 363.
Acanthiza iredale1 morgani, 459.
Acanthogenys rufogularis cygnus,
465.
Accipitriformes, 448.
Acharana licarcisalis, 54, 50.
Achrysocharis, 366.
Acidalia hypochra, 55; rubraria, 55.
Acroclita, 56.
Additions to the Library, 676.
Adriana tomentosa, 388.
Aegotheles cristata, 453.
Aeoloscelis orthochroa, 377.
Agamerion metallica, 359.
Agamidae, 470
Agriophara capnodes, 370;
tella, 570; tephroptera, 370.
Agrotis ypsilon, 55.
Aizoaceae, 637.
Aizoon quadrifidum, 637.
Alcedinidae, 453.
Allium rotundum, 42.
Alopecurus geniculatus, 632.
Alternanthera denticulata, 380;
flora, 657.
Alyxia buxifolia, 385.
Amarantaceae, 580,, 637.
- Amaurobius australiensis,
exciccatus, 483.
Amphibolurus barbatus, 470; pictus,
470; reticulatus, 470.
Amphipogon strictus, var. gracilis,
379.
confer-
nodi-
485; var.
Amsinckia angustifolia, 50.
Anacampseros australiana, 44.
Anacampsis simplicella, 371.
Anarsia dryinopa, 373; leucophora,
573; trichodeta, 373.
Anastatus aristotelea, 357.
Anatidae, 448.
Aneurystypus inermicoliis, 570;
pachypus, 568; pilosicolits, 569.
Angianthus pusillus, var. polyanthus,
647; tomentosus, 388
Annual meeting, 671.
Annual Report, 672.
Anseriformes, 448.
Anthemus chionaspidis hilli, 352.
Anthicidae, 178, 580.
Anthicus australis, 581; posticalis,
582; semipunctatus, 580; xeroph-
tlus, 580. -
Anthocercis myosotidea, 386.
Anthribidae, 617.
Anthus australis, 465.
Antiopala ebenospila, 79. '
Aphanasium albopilosum, 618.
Aphelinus ciliatus, 353.
Aphelocephala leucopsis, 462, 468;
nigricincta, 462, 468.
Apocynaceae, 385.
Appendices, 688.
Apus australiensis, 480.
Araneidae (Museum
482.
Arctiadae, 53, 54.
Ardeidae, 447.
Ardeiformes, 447.
Argyroploce illepida, 56.
Ariathisa, 55.
Aristeis hepialella, 75.
Aristida stipoides, 634.
Aristotelia peltosema, 371.
Artamidae, 460.
Artamus leucorhynchus
_ alis, 460, 468.
Articerus cylindricornis, 125; fort-
numi, 125.
Asclera mansueta, 272.
Ashby, E., Notes on various - birds,
662; Notes on Styphelia depressa,
664; Exhibits of birds, 665, 669,
671; chitons, 667; plants, 671.
Ashbyia. lovensis, 458.
Aspidites ramsayi, 436.
Astragalus hamosus, 47.
Astrebla pectinata, 633.
Atheropla psammodes, 79.
Atractocerus tasmaniensis, 143; vic-
toriensis, 142.
Atriplex limbatum, 635; spongiosum,
380, 635; velutinellum, 635; vesi-
caria, 380.
Aurepthianura aurifrons, 457.
Austrartamus melanops, 460, 468.
Austrodicaeum hirundinaceum, 463.
Austrotis australis, 447.
Austroturnix v. velox, 442, 466.
Expedition),
leucopygi-
Automolus, 557; A. alpicola, 557;
brunneus, 561; burmeisteri, 558;
depressus, 558; eranulatus, 558 ;
melancholicus, 559; propygidialis,
560; semitifer, 558; tridentifrons,
559.
Aves (Museum Expedition), 441.
Axolotl, 670.
Bailey, J. F., Exhibit of native mat,
669 ; Exhibit of fruits, 669.
Balance- sheets, 674, 693, 694.
Barea consignatella, 57; eophila, 57.
Barnardius barnardi_ whitei, 452,
467.
Bassia biflora, 636; diacantha, 580;
echinopsila, 42, 380; lanicuspis,
636 ; longicuspis, 43; paradoxa,
380, 635; sclerolaenoides, 636.
Batrachedra arenosella, 376; cap-
nospila, 376; crypsineura, 4576;
hologramma, 376 ; hypoleuca, 376;
lygropis, 377; 'stenosema, 76;
sterilis, 5/7; zonochra, 576.
Batrisodes bimucronatus, 125.
Bauhinia beans, 665; Carronii, 640.
Belus acaciae, 599; acutipennis, 603;
anguineus, 597; angustatus, 607;
angustulus, 598; bison, 597; cris-
tatus, 598; cylindricus, 610; exilis,
602 ; floccosus, 610 ; halmaturinus,
608; interruptus, '599 : lacustris,
609; mzmicus, 600; multimaculatus,
601; orthodoxus, 613; plagiatus,
589; podagrosus, 604; scalaris,
598; semipunctatus poverus, 597;
tibialis, 597; tralinealbus, 611;
variabilis, 605; vertebralis, 599;
vetustus, 599; vllosus, 614.
Beyeria opaca, 383.
Binsitta effractella, 119.
Birds, Exhibits of, 662, 663, 665, 668,
669, 671; notes on, 662, 663.
Blabophanes argillacea, 574 ;
ella, 374;
orella, 374.
Black, J. M., Vocabularies of Three
South Australian Native lLan-
ethel-
ferruginella, 374; meli-
guages, 1; Additions to the Flora
of South Australia, 41; Flora of
South Australia, 378; Botany
(Museum Expedition), 631; Ex-
hibits of plants, 668, 670.
Blennodia canescens, var. ptero-
sperma, 688; cardaminoides, 638;
lasiocarpa, 637; trisecta, 45,
Boarmia, 55; inflexaria, 53.
Boeckella, 482.
Boidae, 436.
Boraginaceae, 49, 586, 645.
Borkhausenia anthemodes, 57.
Boronia caerulescens, 382.
Bossiaea Walkeri, 382.
Bostrychidae, 577.
Botany (Museum Expedition), 631.
‘
696
Brachaciptera,. S17 ae
519; tzbialis, 318
Brachycola, 53.
Brachycome ciliaris, var. lanuginosa,
652; exilis, 51; Muelleri, 51;
pachyptera, 652.
auricoma,
Bragg, Professor, and Rumford
Medal, 666.
Bromine and JIodine Content of
Water from Lake Gairdner, 39.
Bromus arenarius, 633; Madritensis,
41; rubens, 41.
Bruchidae, 617.
Bruchigavia novae-hollandiae ethelae,
Buprestidae, 575.
Burhinidae, 447.
Burhinus magnirostris, 447.
Cacatoidae, 451.
Calamagrostris aemula, 652; var. Bil-
lardieri, Al.
Calamidia, 55.
Calandrinia balonnensis, 380, 637;
caulescens, var. Menziesii, 380.
Callimomidae, 560.
Callitris propinqua, 41.
Calocephalus platycephalus, 648.
oe campestris isabellinus,
5
Calosoma schayeri, 492.
Calotis erinacea, 387, 653; hispidula,
653 ; multicaulis, 648.
Campanulaceae, 647.
Campbellornis personatus
460, 468; superciliosus, 460.
Camponotinae, 14.
Campophagidae, 456.
Canis dingo, 431.
Cantharidae, 269.
Capparidaceae, 638.
Capparis Mitchelii, 638.
Caprimulgidae, 454.
Capua, 56.
Carabidae, 492. |
Cassia eremophila, var.
682; Sturtii, 382,
Casurilformes, 442,
Catoptropelicanus ootianicialtia 448.
eee 4 caviceps, 520; punctulatus,
Cavonus’ acutifrons,
568; parvus, 568. .
Centipeda Cunninghamii, 652.
Cerambycidae, 314, 617.
Cerchneis cenchroides, 450.
munna,
platypoda,
567; armatus,
Certhiidae, 463.
Certhionyx variegatus, 464.
Chalcididae,- 344.
Chalcidoidea, Australian, 344.
Chalinolobus. gouldii, 430.
Charadriidae, 445.
Charadriiformes, 444.
Cheiroplatys castaneus, 572;
exca-
vatus, 571.
Chenonetta jubata, 448.
Chenopodiaceae, 42, 379, 635.
Chenopodium atriplicinum, 42; auri-
comum, 636; microphyllum, 379;
nitrariaceum, 656.
Cheramoeca leucosternum stonei, 454.
Chezala absona, 80; aleurias, 80;
silvestris, 81; torpida, 81.
Chilton, C., Australian Isopoda, 391;
Crustacea (Museum Expedition),
475.
Chitons, 667.
Chlamydopsis comata, 126.
Chloris acicularis, 633.
Chloroclystis laticostata, 55.
Choreutis bjerkandrella, 376.
Chrysomelidae, 319, 625.
Chrysoryctis heminephela, 515;
purella, 575; talantias, 375.
Cicindela, 125; C. antiqua, 121;
frenchi, 124; iosceles, 123; plebeia,
125; queenslandica, 123; ypsilon,
124
Cicindelidae, 121, 491.
Cidaria, 53.
ee enue cruralis cantatoris,
51.
Cirphis loreyi, 55; C. unipuncta, 55.
Cistelidae, 579.
Citharodica leparga, 108.
Cladocera, 482.
Cleland, J. B., Exhibit of drawings
of fungi, 669.
Cleonymidae, 359.
Cleridae, 577.
Climacteris waitei, 463.
Clubionae, 486.
Clubiona robusta, 486.
Clubionidae, 485,
Coccidencyrtus eucalypti, 354.
Coccinellidae, 630.
Coccophagus clarus, 352.
Coccyges, 454.
Coesyra achranta, 174;
bathrophaea, 68; chrysocolla. 68;
delicia, 70; diadela, 71; disticta,
72; eptplasta, 70; euryzona, 69;
gilvella, 13; haplogramma, 72;
hemiphragma, 69; iodeta, 68;
lochmaea, 71; monoides, 74:
phaeocephala, 69; silacea, 73;
spectabilis, 68; sporeta, 75; steno-
typa, 72; syneches, 69; thiodes,
74; timalphes, 70; translatella,
68; zanclotypa, 73.
Coleoptera, 121, 491.
Colluricincla, 461.
Columbidae, 443.
Columbiformes, 443.
Colydiidae, 496.
Compositae, 51, 387, 647.
Compsotropha flavitincta, 93.
Coniferae, 41.
Conopomorpha irrorata, 375.
asema, 74;
697
Convolvulaceae, 385, 645.
Convolvulus erubescens, 385, 645.
Cooke, W. T., The Iodine and
Bromine Content of a Sample of
Water, 59.
Copepoda, 482.
Copidita apicifusca, 307; appendicu-
lata, 305: baldensis, 297; binar-
tita, 273: erythroderes, 504; fusct-
collis, 300; illota, 306; interocu-
laris, 302; interrupta, 305; ker-
shawi, 297; languida, 298; mari-
tima, 299; mira, 3501; nigronotata,
297; oblongicollis, 303; pulchra,
299; puncta, 295; ruficollis, 296;
sloanei, 298.
Copriodes, 57.
Coraciiformes, 453.
eens novae-hollandiae melanops,
56.
Corethropalpa melanoneura, 78.
Corvidae, 465.
Corvus coronoides perplexus, 465.
Corythangela ochroneura, 576:;
pudica, 376.
Cosmaerops ornatus, 454,
Crambus cuneiferellus, 56.
Craspedia chrysantha, 647;
cephala, 51, 647.
Crassulaceae, 45.
Cratystylis conocephala, 388.
Cristatithorax viridiscutum, 356.
Crocanthus micradelpha, 373.
Crocydopora cinigerella, 56.
Crotalaria Cunninghamii, var. ¢7-
foliolata, 639.
Cruciferae, 45, 380, 637.
pleio-
Crustacea (Museum Expedition),
475; Exhibit of, 669.
Cryptodus bilobus, 574: caviceps,
575; gtgas, 573; passaloides, 575.
Cryptophaga blackburnii, 569; delo-
centra, 369.
Ctenoplectron humerale, 172;
brunneum, 172.
Cubaris claytonensis, 479.
Cuculidae, 454.
Curculionidae, 582.
Cyanaleyon pyrrhopygius, 453.
Cyperaceae, 42, 635.
rufo-
Dampiera mari-
folia, 50.
Daphnia, 482.
Dascia sagittifera, 375.
Dascillidae, 576.
Dasycerca apocrypha, 59.
Decemplocotes brevipennis, 146.
Dermestidae, 496.
Deto marina, 399.
Diasemia, 56.
Diatomaceous earth from Lord Howe
Island, 659.
Dicaeidae, 463.
Dichromia quinqualis, 53.
lanceolata, 387;
698
Dicrastylis Beveridgei, 586; Costelloi,
64
Bi
Dictynidae, 483.
Didiscus eriocarpus, 49; glaucifolius,
' 645.
Dilleniaceae, 48, 384.
Dimorphotheca pluvialis, 588. _
Dinka model of elephant, 668.
Diphobia foveata, 154; intricata,
155; metallica, 155; myrmecophila,
153.
Diphucephala nigritarsis, 127; re-
galis, 1206.
Diplachne loliiformis, 633.
Diplocotes foveicollis, 145,
strigicollis, 150.
Diplopseustis perieralis, 54.
Diplotaxis tenuifolia, 45.
Diporophora australis, 470.
Dircaea bimaculipennis, 173.
Dischisma capitatum, 50.
Distypsidera, 124; D:
122.
Ditropidus davisi, 626; gymnopterus,
625
Dodd, A. P., Australian Chalcido-
idea, 344.
149 ;
pictipennis,
gee ras microzyga, 645; viscosa,
643.
Dohrnia Ob2foveicollis, 294; bois-
duvali, 293; eremita, 294
Doleromima cosmopoda, 119; rhaphi-
dias, »119-* rhodomite,:: 119% 7 tri-
punctella, 118.
Dolomedes australianus, 486.
Dorycnopa heliochares, 3871; mar-
morea, 871; orthodesma, 371.
Drassidae, 483.
Drawings of Fungi, 669.
Dromicelidae, 442.
Dromiceius novae-hollandiae, 442.
Ducorpsius gymnopis, 451.
Dytiscidae, 493.
Echinospermum concavum, 645.
Echium italicum, 50.
Ectrephes, 145; E. clavatus, 146.
Edquist, A. G., Exhibit of mould,
670.
Egernia whitii, 471.
Elachanthus pusillus, 51.
Elachistidae, 376.
Elaeonoma, 54.
Elasmidae, 545.
Elasmus telicotae, 345.
Elateridae, 576.
Elseya melanops, 445.
Emenadia, 254; KE. crassipes, 261;
cucullata, 257; diversiceps, 257;
interioris, 257; laeviceps, 260;
maculicollis, 255; nigroapicalis,
258, 582; novae-hollandiae, 254;
582; punctulaticeps, 258: rufo-
fasciata, 259: setepennis, 262;
tricolor, 255.
Knamillus mauricei, 497.
Enasiba tristis, 145.
Enchylaena tomentosa, 637.
Encyrtidae, 352
Endotricha, 56.
English black rat, 667.
Kochrois magniferella, 111.
Kolophus roseicapillus, 451.
EKomystis ebenosticha, 110;
plecta, 110.
Epacticus bzmaculatus, 595;
rostris, 596; occidentalis,
whitei, 594.
Epamaebus ziczac, 593.
Epibrontis hemichlaena, $72.
Epicrocis sublignalis, 53.
Epimimastis porphyroloma, 373.
Epiphthora chionocephala, 371.
Epipyrga hemiphaés, 58.
Epithectis mesoleuca, $71.
Eragrostis Brownii, 652; falcata,
6352; pilosa, 379; setifolia, 682.
Erechthias, 54.
melano-
nigyri-
595 ;
Eremophila alternifolia, 587, 647;
Freelingi, 646: Goodwinii, 387;
longifolia, 646 ; MacDonnellii,
646; maculata, 646; Paisleyi, 387.
Eretes australis, 493.
Eriochloa punctata, 634.
Erodiophyllum Elderi, 389.
Eryngium rostratum,,. 49.
Erythrogonys c. cinctus, 444.
Essolithna jonesz, 590.
Estheria packardi, 480.
Eucalypts, South Australian, 533.
Eucalyptus bicolor, 340; Black-
burniana, 340; calycogona, 440;
cladocalyx, 341; cneorifolia, 540;
diversifolia, 333; hemiphloia, 340;
incrassata, 385; leucoxylon, 3541;
microtheca, 644; odorata, 389;
ovata, 341; uncinata, 385.
Eucosma plebeiana, 56.
Euctenia fusca, 266; myalops, 265;
sericea, 264.
Eulachna xanthospila, 59.
Eulechria delochorda,
chroa, 58.
Eulophidae, 361.
Eupelmus, 556.
Euphiltra angustior, 106; celeteria,
107; epilecta, 107; eroticella, 106;
fusiplaga, 106.
Euphorbiaceae, 383, 643.
Euphorbia Drummondii, 383, 643.
Euplectromorpha variicolor, 367.
Euprionocera, 101; E. eremnopa, 102;
geminipuncta, 102.
Eupselia anommata, 118.
Eurostopodus mystacalis, 454.
Eurydinota braconis, 349.
Euryischia aleurodis, 346;
spearei, 546.
Eurytoma, 559.
Eurytomidae, 358.
58; homo-
shake-
699
Evaniocera, 262: KE. fusca,
megalops, 265; meyricki, 263 ;
minuta, 264; nervosa, 262; per-
thensis, 264; pruinosa, 263; sericea,
264.
Exocarpus spartea, 379.
Expedition to Strzelecki and Cooper
Creeks, 405.
Falconidae, 448.
Field Naturalists’ Section, 688.
Flexible Sandstone, 669.
Flora of South Australia, 41, 378.
Frankeniaceae, 48, 644.
Frankenia fruticulosa, 48;
folia, 644.
Fruits, Exhibits of, 669.
Fungi, Drawings of, 669.
Fusanus acuminatus, 379.
Geckonidae, 469.
Gehyra variegata, 469.
Gelechia anthochra, 372; desmanthes,
371; dictyomorpha, 572; melanop-
tila,-o12; pyvenoda, 572.
Gelechiadae. 371.
Gelochelidon nilotica
444.
Geococcus pusillus, 45.
Geometridae, 53, 55.
Geraniaceae, 643.
Geranium dissectum, 643.
Germarica lilliputana, 576.
Glacial erratic, 671.
Glareolidae, 446.
Glass, Exhibits of Coloured, 665.
Glyceria ramigera, 634:
Gnephosis arachnoidea, 388;
opappa, 648; _ eriocarpa,
skirrophora, 649.
serpylli-
cyath-
649;
Gnorimoschema bucolica, 372; heli-
opa, 3872; lecucooephala, 372;
perdita, 3572; petrinodes, 372;
xerophylla, 372. ,
Goodeniaceae, 50, 387, 647.
Goodenia cycloptera, 647; glauca,
var. sericea, 50; strophiolata, 387.
ee gh 54; G. xanthopharella,
5.
Grallina cyanoleuca, 461.
Gramineae, 41, 378, 632.
Grevillea pterosnerma, 379: steno-
botrya, 379, 635. |
Gymnorhina hypoleuca leuconota,
461: tibicen, 461.
‘Gypoictinia melanosterna, 449.
Hailstorm, Remarkable, 323.
Hakea leucoptera, 635; ulicina, var.
flexilis, 42.
Halgania cyanea, 386.
Haliastur sphenurus, 449.
Hallornis cyanotus, 459, 467.
_ Halophila ovalis, 41. |
Halorrhagidaceae, 49, 644.
macrotarsa, —
266; |Halorrhagis elata, 49; heterophylla,
ware glaucifolia, 49; var. aspera,
644.
Halticorcus, 319: H. platycerw, $20.
Hamotopsis auricomus, 125.
Haplonycha, 497; H. b¢mucronata,
504: cara, 507; dilatata, 512: ery-
throcephala, 500: gymnopyga, 503;
interocularis, 502; zridipennis, 508 ;
marginata, 496; micia,— SOT s
nobilis, 498; novemarticulata, 505;
octoarticulata, 499; opaca, 510;
pilosa, 498; pulchella, 498; rufi-
collis, 511; semiopaca, 508; villosa,
506.
Haplonyx orbiculatus, 617.
Hat, Photograph of, from New
Britain, 667.
Helaeus conjunctus, 577;
579; warter, 578.
Helichrysum apiculatum, 387; brac-
teatum, 587; podolepideum, 652;
semifertile, 651.
ingens,
Heliocausta achroa, 111; acosmeta,
111; arrhodea, 115; complanula,
112;
euctista,
isomora,
Si ;
megalo-
metrra,
84 ;
93 ;
diucerita, 85; dtaereta,
chalea, 90; ewerita, 87;
92; hilda, 91; hydara, 82:
55; leucocosma, 55; Jlochitis,
lonchota, 82; lunata, 82;
xantha, 92; melichrodes, 83;
91; mimetis, 86; mysticodes,
ocularis, 83 ; orestera,
orphnaea, 82; orthomita, 88;
orthotoma, 88; osteochroa, 83:
pandora, 84; perixantha, 82; poly-
botrya, 93; sophia, 82; sordidella,
85; theorica, 83; thermophanes,
86; xanthoprepes, 85;
Pholidia scoparia, 387.
Phthorimaea operculella, 372.
Phyllophanes, 104; dyseureta,
Phyllopoda, 480.
Phyllotocidiim bimaculiflavum, 127.
Phyzanica, 117; P. tapinopa, 117.
Pimelea trichostachya, 49; simplex,
644.
Pisauridae, 486.
Pisces (Museum Expedition), 472. -
Pisonia Brunoniana, 666.
Pittosporaceae, 638.
Pittosporum phillyraeoides, 638.
Plagianthus glomeratus, 48, 643.
Plagiosetum refractum, 634.
Plantaginaceae, 50.
Plantago coronopus, 50; psyllium, 50.
Pianis, ) Hehibits’ of: 665, 666:
668, 670, 671.
Platibis flavipes, 447.
Platycilibe brevis, 156.
Plegadidae, 447.
Pleurota chrysopepla, 716; epitrtpta,
77; gypsosema, 716; leucogramma,
76; leuconeura, 77.
Pleurotropomyia aeneoscutellum, 365.
Ploceidae, 465. a
Plutella maculipennis,
576.
Plutellidae, 375.
Podagrion nigriclava,
Podargidae, 453.
Podargus strigoides,
Podicipidae,
Podicipiformes, 444.
Podolepis capillaris,
soni, 51, 652.
Pollinia fulva, 635.
Polychrosis botrana, 56.
Polycystomyia benefica, 346.
Polyeucta, 104; P. callimorpha, 104.
Polyphrades raui, 589.
Polyplocotes longipes. 152; perfor-
atus, 150; pilosus, 145; scabretcollis,
15h.
Polypogon monspeliensis, 41.
Pomatostomus ruficeps, 456, 467.
Pomax umbellata, 387.
Portraits of Officers, 665.
Portulaca australis, 637..
Portulacaceae, 44, 380, 637.
104;
sera,
560.
453, 467.
388, 652; Les-
Prionopidae, 461.
Proceedings, Abstract of, 665.
Procometis heterogama, 370;
spora, 370.
Prodenia litura, 55.
Proteaceae, 42, 379, 635.
Protection of palms and. cycads in
Central Australia, 668, 669.
Protolechia aversella, 575; desmatra,
575; exarista, 575; haemaspila,
573; lithina, 375; mesochra, 573;
tridecta, 373.
Protomacha anthracina, 78; cathara,
78; leucophara, 78; straminea, 78.
Proxenus tenuis, 55.
Pselaphidae, 125.
Psephotus haematonotus, 452.
Pseudananca ruficollis, 273.
Pseudocavonus antennalis, 575.
Pseudolycus, 276; P. atratus, a
canaliculatus, 286 ; cartert, 285;
cinctus, 278 ; costipennis, 278;
elegantulus, 282 ; haemopterus,
280; haemorrhoidalis, 276; hilaris,
283 : marginatus, 279 : montanus,
201; niger, 286; pictipes, 284;
puberulus, 281; rufipennis, 278;
torridus, 2835- wallacei, 283;
vitticollis, 284.
Pseudoryctes, table of species, 566;
P. ater, 564; dispar, 566; griseo-
pilosus, 563; monstrosus, 566;
mullerianus, 566; nigripennis, 563;
semicalvus, 562; semicrudus, 565;
tectus, 566; trifidus, 566; turritus,
566 ; validus, 565.
Psittaciformes, 451.
Psophiidae, 447.
Psophiiformes, 447.
Psoralea eriantha, 639; patens, 639.
Psylliodes arida, 626.
Ptenoedus mathewsi vigorsi, 457.
Pterocaulon sphacelatum, 653.
Pteromalidae, 346.
Pterosema subaenea, 348.
Pterosemoidea drosophilae, 350.
penicillata leilavalensis,
Ptilotula
404. -
Ptilotus latifolius, 637.
Ptinidae, 144; list of species, 146.
Ptinus amoenus, 145; australicus, 145;
caeruleipennis, 148; Jleucomelas,
147. .
Pulleine, A. R., Exhibit of Pisonia
Brunoniana and flies and slab of
tale, 666.
Pycnocera, 102; P. hypoxantha, 102.
Pycnozanela, 109; P. acribes, 109;
epiprepes, 109; erythrodes, 109.
Pygopodidae, 470.
Pyralidae, 53, 56.
Pyrausta cynaralis, 54.
Pyrochroidae, 209.
Pyroderces _ sentica,
phila, 377.
thermo-
377 ;
tetra-
704
Pyrrholaemus brunneus, 459.
Pythidae, 157. , )
Rainbow, W. J., Araneidae (Museum
Expedition), 482.
Ralliformes, 443.
Rat, English Black, 667.
Recurvirostra novae- -hollandiae, |
Recurvirostridae, 446.
Rallidae, 443.
446.
| Rennie, Prof., Exhibit of evenly pus
samples, 666
Resedaceae, 381.
Reseda luteola, 381.
| Rhagodia Gaudichaudiana, 379.
Rhamnaceae, 48.
Rhicnopeltomyia aeneicoxa, 365.
Rhinosimus corticalis, 159.
Rhipidius mollipes, 253 ;
nis, 254.
Rhipidophoridae, 255, Oae
Rhipidura flabellifera whitei, 455.
Rochelia Maccoya, 49.
Rockshelters, Native, 667.
Rogers, R. S: Orchidaceous Plants
of South Australia, 542; Exhibite
of orchids, 665, 670.
Rubiaceae, 387.
Rumford Medal, 666.
Rutaceae, 47, 382.
Rutidosis helichrysoides, 652.
Salsola Kali, 636.
Samuela cinnamomea, 456, 467.
Santalaceae, 379.
Sapindaceae, 383, 643.
‘Scaevola collaris, 647; humilis, 647.
Scarabaeidae, 126, 496
Scardia inconcisella, 374.
Scenedra decoratalis, 54.
Schoenotenes, 56.
Scieropepla megadelpha,
ina, $70.
Scincidae, 471.
Sciton flavocastaneus,
521; ruber, ‘S21
Scoparia, 56.
Scorpion, Exhibit of, 666.
Scorpiopsis, 119: 8. pyrobola, 120.
Scorzonera laciniata, 51
Scotophilus greyii, 430.
pectinicor-
370: ‘ser-
521: paullus,
Scraptia, 162; S. angusta. 164; aus-
tralis, 163; decipiens, 167; fascz-
ata, 165; gymnosterna, 163; laticol-
lis, 163: lugubris, 166; telephoro-
ides, 165.
Scrophulariaceae, 50, 646.
Selenopinae,
Senecio Cunninghamii, 652; Greg-
arii,“o0e :
Sericea spectans, 53.
lautus, 652; magnificus. 51.
Serolis, 391; list of ‘species, 393;
S. australiensis, 596; bakeri, 398;
longicaudata, 597; minuta, 597 ;
tuberculata, 394.
705
Sida corrugata, var. trichopoda, 643;
intricata, 3934.
Signiphora reticulata, 553.
Silphidae, 495.
Silviidae, 4&9.
Simplicia robustalis, 53.
Simulium, Notes on Small Flies of
Genus, 666.
Sisymbrium erysimoides, 46.
Sitotriga cerealella, 37].
Smuinthopsis crassicaudata, 433.
Solanaceae, 50, 586, 0646.
Solanum. coactiliferum, 386; lacu-
narium, 646; marginatum, 50;
oligacanthum, 646; rostratum, 50.
South Australian Museum Expedition
to Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks,
405.
Sphaleractis platyleuca, 373.
Sphenostoma cristatum _ pallidum,
462, 468.
Sphingidae, 56.
Sphyrelata acritopis, 116; amotella,
Hey earryinma, 117: . laetifica,
116; nefanda, 116; ptochica, 116.
Spiloglaux boobook, 450.
Spinifex paradoxus, 682.
Spodoptera mauritia, 53.
Sporobolus actinocladus, 634.
Spyridium phlebophyllum, 48.
Staphylinidae, 494.
Stathmopoda crocophanes,
melanochra, 377.
Stegasta allactis, 372; cosmodes, 572.
Stictopeleia c. cuneata, 443.
Stiltia isabella, 446.
Stipa elegantissima, 41; scabra, 634;
scelerata, 578.
Stirling, E. C., Honour of Knight
Bachelor, 668.
Stomach Contents of Birds (Museum
Expedition), 466.
Stomatoceroides’ clariscapus, 544;
gracilicorpus, 845; rubripes, 345.
Stone-fungi, 668.
Storena rastellata, 483.
Strigidae, 450.
Strigiformes, 450.
oll;
Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks, Ex-
pedition to, 405.
Styphelia depressa, 604.
Swainsonia campylantha, 639; colu-
teoides, 582; microphylla, 639;
oligophylla, 639; phacifolia, 47;
phacoides, 659; procumbens, 639.
Syntomactis chionomera, 377: oxyp-
tera, 577; xenonympha, 377.
Tachybaptus ruficollis | novae-hol-
landiae, 444,
Taentopygia castanotis,
Talaurinus maculipennis,
Talayra elongata, 171.
Tale, 666.
465.
591.
Techmessa Obifoveicollis, 292; rufi-
collis, 291.
Temnopalpus bicolor, 168.
Tenebrionidae, 156, 577.
Tetracnemella brachyptera, 355;
hemiptera, 355; hyalinipennis, 555;
megyment, 554.
Teucrium racemosum, var. tripar-
titum, 646.
Thalacomys lagotis, 433.
Thalasseus bergii poliocercus, 444.
Thelymitra azurea, 542; truncata,
543.
Therapon barcoo, 474; welchi, 472.
Theraponidae, 472. -
Theridion asbolodes, 463; tdiotypum,
484.
Theridiidae, 483.
Thiotricha bullata, 371.
Thlaspi cochlearinum, 45.
Thryptomene Whiteae, 384.
Thymelaeaceae, 49, 644.
Thyromorpha, 108; 7. stibaropis.,
108. .
Tillaea acuminata, 45.
Timeliidae, 456.
Tinea, 56; T. fuscipunctella, 574;
eranella, 375; pellionella, 3874;
tapetiella, 575.
Tineidae, 54, 56, 57, 374.
Tineola biselliella, 375.
Tirathaba rufivena, 53.
Tomoxia apicata, 243; aterrima,
245; exoleta, 245; tiavicans, 21s,
howensis, 244; melanura, 245;
melasoma, 244,
Tortricidae, 56.
Tortrix, 56.
Trachydora capnopa, 377.
Trachyntis diaphanes, 58.
Trachysaurus rugosus, 471.
Trachyzancla, 19; 7. histrica, 80.
Tribulus hystrix, 643; terrestris, 643.
Trichananca concolor, 178; nigripen-
victorien-
nis, 179; pisoniae, 178;
sis, 178.
Trichinium ~ alopecuroideum, . 380,
637; corymbosum, 380; incanum,
var. ‘grandiflorum, 380.
Trichodesma Zeylanicum, 645.
Trichophaga tapetiella, 54.
Trichophysetis cretacea, 54, 56.
Trichosalpingus obscurus, 169;
abilis, 169.
Trichosurus vulpecula, 432.
Tricondyla, 125.
Trifolium cernuum, 47.
Trigonella suavissima, 638.
Trigonogastra agromyzae, 347.
Triodia pungens, 634.
Triraphis mollis, var. humilis, 633.
Trisetum pumilum, 41, 633.
‘hurdidae, 457.
Turner, A. J., On some Moths from
Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands,
vari-
53; Studies in Australian Lepidop-
tera.foue ee
Turnicidae, 442.
Turniciformes, 442.
Tychius minutissimus, 596,
Tympanocryptis lineata, 470.
Typhlopidae, 435.
bitubercu-
Typhlops australis, 435;
latus, 435:
Tyto alba delicatula, 450, 466.
Tytonidae, 450. A
Umbelliferae, 49, 645.
Uroaetus audax, 448.
Vanellidae, 444.
Varanidae, 4770.
Varanus gouldii. 470.
Verbenaceae, 386, 645.
Verbena supina, 386.
Verco, J. C., Hxhibu.-of ‘scorpion.
666; Exhibit of Dinka model of
elephant, 668.
Virago gibberifrons, 448.
Vocabularies of South Australian
Native Languages, 1.
Waite, KE. R., Museum Expedition : —
Introduction, 405; Narrative, 407;
General Notes, 415; Meteorology,
422; Natives, 429; Mammalia
and ‘Ophidia, 430; Pisces, -472.
Exhibits of Axolotl, 670; coloured
glass, 665; photograph of hat
from * New Britain, 667.
Waite, E. R., and. McCulloch, - A.
R., Pisces (Museum Expedition),
a2.
Weeds, Exhibit of, 668.
Westringia Dampieri, 386.
Wheeler, W. M., The Australian Ant.
Genus Myrmecorhynchus, 14.
White, S. Aves (Museum Ex-
pedition), 441; Exhibits of beans,
665; birds, 665, -665, 6662-669;
English black rat, 667: objects
from: Port Augusta - Kalgoorlie
railway line, 668; photographs
of native rock-shelters, 667.
Whiteornis goodenovii, 455.
Wingia_ rectiorella, 103;
103: synnephela, 103.
Wirrung vocabulary, 3.
subrosea,
06
Wongaidya vocabulary, 12.
-Wororra Tribe, 21.
Kaneohe sodaliata, BB. :
Xerotes leucocephala, 379.
Xylophilidae, 179.
Xylophilus abundans, 185; acaciae,
208; alpicola, 184; anthiciceps,
200; basicornis, 185; brachyderes,
199; cnemopachys, 201; conspicil-
latus, 188; decipiens, 20a: des-
coater, 190; divisus, 202; dolicho-
deres, 198; flavicollis, 194; flavo-
castaneus, 195; fusciventris, 205;
glaber, 188; ‘immaculatus, 184;
incisus, 185; interioris, 204; inter-
ruptus, 185 ; laterofuscus, 205 ;
leucostictus, 189; mediofasciatus,
201; microps, 197; mundus, 184;
nigriclavus, 203; norfolcensis, 186;
octomaculatus, 183; obliqutfascr-
atus, 193; pachymerus, 192; paren-
theticus, 191; pectinicornis, 183;
pilosicornis, 187; poecilopterus,
196; rufobrunneus, 207; rufohum-
eralis, 196; synopticus, 191; tri-
chomerus, 206; undatus, 182.
Xylorycta amaloptis, 369; citrinopa,
569; homoleuca, 570; melanias,
359; pentachroa, 370; philonympha,
570; tetrazona, 369.
Xyloryctidae, 3569.
Xysmatodoma zonarcha, 374.
374; meli-
Ypsolophus holomelas,
chrous, 374.
Zelleria cynetica, 3575.
Zelotechna psittacodes, 103.
Zietz, F. R., Lacertilia (Museum
Expedition), 469; Exhibits of
aboriginal pictographs, 667 ;
birds, 668; crustacea, 669; liz-
ard, 669; obsidianites, 667; stone
fungi, 668. Be
Zodaridae, 483.
Zonifer tricolor, 445.
Zonitis breviceps, 270; longiceps,
269.
Zonopetala tephrastis, 107.
Zygophyllaceae, 582, :
Zygophyllum fruticulosum, 582, 643;
Howittii, 643; hybridum, 643 ;
icdocarpum, 643.
Trans. and Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. Vor: hI. Plate I
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aa _ Brack, J. M.: Vocabularies of Three Sith Australian Native |
Paar irr Languages—Wirrung, Narrinyeri, and Wongaidya ... 1... ws.
Warner, Witt1am Morton: The Australian Ant-Genus Myrmecorhynchus
Nye (Era. André) and its Position in the Subfamily | Camponotinae. 6
ce BOOTS es. su :
aes PaO VRS 0 Us By: Notes on the Wororra Tribe of North-western Australia.
Bevay ic Plates 11 to Vili. ah
Cooke, W. TERNENT: The Todine and Broriine Content of a Sample uy
Wea Water from Lake Gairdner ...
Brack, J. M.: Additions to the Flora of South Australia. “No. nag
Baie}: Plates ix. to xi.
- Turner, A. JEFFERIS: On some Moths from ‘Lord Howe. and Norfolle ene
Gea Islands in the South Australian Museum ... ni Kesiatisat a
Turner, A. Jerreris: Studies in Australian Lepidoptera ai |
Moke RA, ARTHUR M.: Notes on some Miscellaneous Coleoptera, with Descrip-
ik naa ‘tions of New Species.—Part IIT. Plates xii. to xv. ...
-Howcuin, Watter: Notes on the Remarkable Hailstorm, near Adelaide,
on May 12, 1917. Plate xvi, Pak
Marpen, J. H.: Notes on some South ‘Australian Eucalypts
Rogers, R. S.: Additions to the Orchidaceous Plants of South Australia.
{ea aaa Plate xvii. He
Wek DODD, ALAN P., : Records and Descriptions of Australian Chaldidaiden cit
ae Lowsn, Oswanp B.: The Lepidoptera of Broken Hill, New South Wales.
Bray 4 art
ia BEACK,.0 ,. MW, - Additions to the Flora of South Australia, No. i
aii Plates MV iieO RM.
. Cxuruton, Cuas.: Notes on ‘Australian Isopoda
"Warrz, Enaar R., and Others: Results of the South Auaiguline Masui
arr Expedition to Strzelecki and Cooper Creeks. cera and pasar h
viet, 1916. Plates xxi. ‘to: xii: -:
eal (a) Introduction, by Edgar R. “Waite
tea (b) Narrative, by Edgar R. Waite ...
eat (c) General Notes, by Edgar R. Waite _... ae MPa yi: ) |
he (d) Meteorology, by Edgar R. Waite Ep Ranadlie ich Shy ee
is y (e) Notes on the Rainfall, by HA. ane, ee bp!) nail ae
eee (f) The Natives, by Edgar R.. Waite 7 ee Lae
ee (g) Mammalia and Ophidia, by Edgar R. Waite aa Re Ra ane
x . (h) Aves, by S. A. White Ys: LS eM
ia (i) Stomach Contents of Birds, by Reehue M. Lea
teen (7) Lacertilia, by F. R. Zietz ...
Ree (k) Pisces, by A. R. McCulloch and Edgar R. Waite
aan (1) Crustacea, by Dr. Charles Chilton iy rae at
es hs (m) Araneidae, by W. J. Rainbow... a mh ga Vand ie
ea _ (n) Insecta, by Arthur M. Lea wh re (ih eaeiee
Ue Ray fo) Botany, by J. M. Black .
Reeds Explanation of Plates
MIscELLANEA— i
ies Notés on Diatomaceous Earth from Lord Howe Talents
iHieg Native Legend on the Origin of Orion’s Belt-
Bhs _ Notes on Various Birds cf We fei Ne 3 COZ
ie; Notes on Small Flies of Genus Simulium ... Le. Be ea
Notes on Styphelia depressa oe 2 Native Currant) ... 664
ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS ... ne ik mi
_ Annvat Ruport fe ae Huy ve ae sole 8 Neds 4 ge
- Ravance SuHeets hk bs Ry aie LO
As Donations To LiBRARY ... hy hay A ae R ie a Maes gk)
tis List or MEMBERS _... ts rh ie a rials! |. eee ae a
q> APPENDICES—. bean?
nis Field Naturalists’ Section: Annual] Report, ete. 4 ic a
oi Malacological Spero: Annual Report, ete visa sole i cue ee al
is INDEX ... sh. is oe SLO Si ES NSU ae ae hk
e - rn % - A i J oe an Z
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> c . = : - Seg ‘ S) “ ie . ,, > \ ¢ x
}. - wae : ig ~ 12 > é, . ais Se 1 h, 4 3 = : = <7
- > c os we ‘ : 2 7 Ne 7 > . f - ~ ‘ A : ‘ a 2
WwW" Se 1g 2 = 4 H a 2 Ra ae ate 2 Z S 0 ae —
2 . * = f es : , a x ’ ¥
4 ~ SS 4 ke ie = é J * - a SS ! “a = ae 4 ? 2
: E S ee : ; : : . : \
; Met ae ye ; : . : ‘ 4, : 3 a 4 Oo} “di = : ~Y
e ERS F wy a. ae Fh, 4 ~ } w, a ‘ > & vay, 488
he =. no iy eal ren SN ‘ iy “ ‘ o 3 : : * ee ett os m ‘ ft a o
Sie 4 rh Sey 1 a q tee St os
as - - ; era - al a ’ A . vs a
~ ay r - oo Wh a I - ; if a 7% . , >
MO - 3 fo » *.. > , ; : , ‘ o ; ~~ = : is Pea ; ; z
-F- Men ‘ ¢ ' on a ? . _ mt . . 3
“ r 7 = ; fh. a . \ ; 4 «a nee.
: * = = - Pf ° v ,* y
/ ,
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA
5S06SO0U C003
TRANSACTIONS.
41 1917
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