REESE LIBRARY

"

I-ra-l£TC^4S?&S * *US^ *2£ft> Oy JE^MI* AtS

TREATISE

MINERALOGY.

EDINBURGH :
PRINTED AT THE CALEDONIAN MERCURY

PRESS.

TREATISE

MINERALOGY,

OR THE

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MINERAL KINGDOM.

BY

FREDERICK MOHS,

PROFESSOR IN THE MINING ACADEMY OF FREIBERG.

Translated from the German, with considerable Additions,

BY

WILLIAM HAIDINGER, F.R.S.E.

VOL. III.
UNIVERSITY

OF

R\AM^r

EDINBURGH :

PRINTED FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. EDINBURGH
AND HURST, ROBINSON, AND CO. LONDON.
1825.

CONTENTS OF VOL, III.

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ORDER XI. Glance . . . 1

ORDER XII. Blende .* » 31

ORDER XIII. Sulphur %.» . .47

CLASS III.

ORDER I. Resin . . . 56

ORDER II. Coal . . Cl

APPENDIX I.

Minerals, the greater part of which will probably form in
future distinct Species in the Mineral System 67

APPENDIX II.

Minerals, Avhich will probably never form distinct Species
in the Mineral System . . 177

Plates and Explanations . . .189

Index . 289

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ORDER XI. GLANCE.

GENUS J. COPPER-GLANCE.

1. TETEAHEDRAL COFFEE-GLANCE.

Tetrahedral Copper-Pyrites. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 315.
Tetrahedral Copper-Glance. Man. p. 276. Grey Copper.
Fahlerz. PHILL. p. 300. Fahlerz. Schwarzerz. WERN.
Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S. 119. 127- Kupferfahlerz.
Sehwarzgiltigerz. Graugiltigerz ? HATISM. I. S. 164.
166. 168. Fahlerz. LEONH. S. 262. Cuivre gris.
HAUV. Traite', T. III. p. 537. TabU comp. p. 86.
Traite, 2de Ed. T. III. p. 441.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.

*

Simple forms. H (/); 5_ (P) Vol. I. Fig. 13.,
Kapnik, Transylvania; — ^(e) Vol. I. Fig. 14.;

D (o) Vol. I. Fig. 31.; As, Vol. I. Fig. 32 ; -2,

• t<* ' *
Vol. I. Fig. 17. ; ^ (I) Vol. I. Fig. 15., Kapnik ;

_£ii(r)Vol. I. Fig. 16.

Char, of Comb. Semi-tessular with inclined faces.
Combinations. 1. — . — —. Fig. 158., Kapnik.

2. H. ^. Cornwall

3. 2, £i. Vol. I. Fig. 77. Kapnik.

VOL. III. A

4 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Some yield arsenic, others antimony, when roasted, and the
residue melts in different ways. After roasting, they yield
a globule of copper.

3. The tetrahedral Copper-glance partakes in the modes
of occurrence of the pyramidal Copper-pyrites, and is found
in beds and veins ; but it occurs seldom or not at all in the
repositories of Tin-ore. It is accompanied by the same
minerals as pyramidal Copper-pyrites, frequently also by
prismatic Hal-baryte.

4. Varieties considered as Fahlerz are found in veins near
Freiberg in Saxony, and in beds in Anhalt, in the county
of Gomor in Hungary, in Stiria, &c. ; varieties called
Schwarzerz are met with in veins at Schwatz and other
places in Tyrol, at Kapnik in Transylvania, at Cremnitz
in Hungary, also at Clausthal and Andreasberg in the
Hartz. Tetrahedral Copper-glance occurs besides in the
neighbourhood of Dillenburg; in Mansfeld; in small quan-
tities at Airthrie and other places in Scotland; in Cornwall,
and in America.

%. PRISMATOIDAL COPPER-GLANCE.

Prismatic Antimony-Glance. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p.
407. Prismatoidal Copper-Glance. Man. p. 277-

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid of
unknown dimensions. Vol. I. Fig. 7.

Simple forms. P + QD (M) ; Pr (P) ; f r -f oo (h).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic. Combination. 1. Pr.
P -f- co. Pr -f- oo. Sim. Fig. 9.

Cleavage, ?r -j- QD rather perfect, though inter-
rupted. Fracture imperfect conchoidal. Surface
rough.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Brittle. Hardness = 3-0. Sp. Gr. = 5-735.

ORDER XI. DI-PRISMATIC COPPER-GLANCE. 5

Compound Varieties. Massive: composition
granular, individuals strongly connected.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The prismatoidal Copper -glance has been hitherto
found only in the beds of brachytypous Parachrose-baryte
at St Gertraud near Wolfsberg in the valley of Lavant in
Carinthia. It is very nearly allied to the following species.
It will depend upon future accurate examinations, particu-
larly of its regular forms, whether or not the varieties of
the two species are identical. *

2. Before the blowpipe the present species gives very
nearly the same results as the following one. It appears
to contain sulphur, antimony, lead, and copper, and it
yields also a little silver, for the extraction of which it is
collected by the miners, without, however, properly speak-
ing, being an object of mining.

3. DI-PRISMATIC COPPER-GLANCE.

Axifrangible Antimony-Glance, or Bournonite. JAM.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 399. Bournonite. Triple Sulphuret.
PHILL. p. 336. Schwarzspiesglaserz. WERX. Hoffm.
H. B. IV. 1. S. 111. Bleifahlerz. Spiessglanzbleierz.
HAUSM. I. S. 170. 173. Bournonit. LEONH. S. 155.
Plomb sulfure antimonifere. HAUY. Tabl. comp. p. 80.
Antimoine sulfure plombo-cuprifere. Traite de Crist.
T. II. p. 483.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 136° 7', 66° 13', 133° 3'. Vol. I. Fig. 9. AP.

a : b : C = l : V M37 : V 0-226.

Simple forms. P — oo (Ar) ; P — 1 ; P (P) ;
(Pr — 1)3 (y) = 114° 14', 115° 2', 109° 16';

* The present species was determined by Professor MOHS, be-
fore he was acquainted with any of the varieties of the following
one. Though it is likely that they do not present any specific
difference, it would be too precipitate to unite them, without
being capable of affording a demonstration of their identity. H.

6 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLASS II.

(Pr 4- oo)3 (n) = 96°81'; (Pr— 2)5 ; (Pr— I)3 ;

Pr — 1 (e) = 129° 45'; Pr (rf) = 93° 4(X;

Pr + 1 (f) - 54° 48'; Pr 4- cc (*); Pr — 1 (o)

= ST 8' ; 5 Pr = 64° 44'; Pr (p) = 50° 51' ;

Pr 4- oo (r).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. P — QD. Pr — 1. Pr. Pr 4- QD.
Pr 4- oo. Fig. 24. Braunsdorf, Saxony.

2. P — (3D. Pr— 1. P. (Pr+oo)3. pr-foD.
Pr -f QD. Neusohl, Hungary.

3. P — oo. Pr — 1. Pr. Pr+1. Pr— 1.
(Pr — I)5. P. Pr. (Pr+oo)'. Pr+oo.
Pr 4- oo. Fig. 181. Cornwall.

4. P — oo. fr— 1. Pr — 1. P — 1. Pr. f Pr.
(pr— I)5. (Pr — 2)5. Pr. (Pr — I)5. P.
(fr-f oo)3. Pr-f -x. Pr-t- oo. Neudorf, Anhalt.

Cleavage, imperfect ; the most distinct is parallel
to Pr + GO, less distinct cleavages are observed
parallel to P — oo and Pr + GO ; traces of Pr — 1
and (Pr + oo)3. Fracture conchoidal, uneven.
Surface, nearly equal in all the forms, often
highly smooth and splendent. The stria? paral-
lel to the intersections with Pr almost always de-
pend upon regular composition.

Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to
blackish lead-grey or iron-black, according to the
physical quality of the surface. Streak un-
changed.

Brittle. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr. = 5-763,
crystals from Anhalt.

OHDEK xi. DI-PRISMATLC COPPER-GLANCE. 7

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals: axis of re-
volution perpendicular, face of composition parallel
to a face of the horizontal prism fr. The indivi-
duals are generally continued beyond the face of
composition. The axes of two individuals cross
each other at angles of 93° 4W and 86° 2&. The
composition is frequently repeated in parallel layers,
and forms striae upon the faces, particularly upon
the pyramid P, and upon the prism f r itself, but
also upon those which produce with it parallel edges
of combination. The situation of these striae is
useful for discovering the true position of the faces
of pyramids and prisms. Massive : composition
granular, strongly connected.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Two varieties, one from Cornwall, and another from
Claustlial, have yielded to KLAPROTH,

Antimony 25-50 19*75.

Lead 39-00 42-50.

Copper 13-50 11-75.

Iron 1-00 5-00.

Sulphur 16-00 18-00.

Before the blowpipe upon charcoal it melts, smokes, and
yields afterwards a black globule. In a strong heat the
charcoal becomes covered with oxide of lead. It is easily
soluble in heated nitric acid.

2. Di-prismatic Copper-glance has been hitherto found
only in veins, and is accompanied by axotomous and pris-
matoidal Antimony -glance, hexahedral Lead-glance, dode-
cahedral Garnet-blende, &c.

3. The first varieties of this species noticed by mineralo-
gists were those from Cornwall, where they occur with
axotomous Antimony-glance hi Wheal Boys in the pa-
rish of Endellion near Redruth. Another variety, from

8 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Kapnik in Transylvania, where it is found with dodecahe-
dral Garnet-blende, tetrahedral Copper-glance, &c. had
likewise been known long ago. It Jias been found after-
wards in large and magnificent crystals, at Neudorf in An-
halt, also at Andreasberg in the Hartz. It occurs at Brauns-
dorf in Saxony in a vein of rhombohedral Quartz, contain-
ing argentiferous prismatic Arsenkal-pyrites, at Neusohl in
Hungary, at Offenbanya in Transylvania, with ores of gold,
and in other localities.

4. PRISMATIC COPPER-GLANCE.

Khomboidal Copper-Glance, or Vitreous Copper-Ore. JAM.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 328. Prismatic Copper-Glance, or
Vitreous Copper. Man. p. 278. Vitreous Copper. Sul-
phuret of Copper. PHILL. p. 297« Kupferglas. WEKN.
Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S. 103. Kupferglanz. HAUSM.
I. S. 142. Kupferglanz. LEONH. S. 254. Cuivre
sulfure'. HAUY. Trait^, T. III. p. 551. Tabl. comp. p.
87. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 454.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 126° 52', 125° 22', 80° 6'. Vol. I. Fig. 9. AP.

a : b : c = 1 : V 2-95 : V 2-80.

Simple forms. P — oo ; P (P) ; (Pr + oo)3 (d)
= 63° 48'; (P)3 (a) — 148°20', 65° 28', 124° 11';
(Pr 4- oo)5 (e) = 114° 16'; £ r (o) = 119° 35';
f£r+l — 97° 41'; Pr-f OD(/?); Pr + oo (*).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. Pr. Pr -f- oo. Pr -f oo.

2, (P)3. (Pr + oo)5. Pr -f oo. Sim. Fig. 7.
The individuals of Fig. 41.

3. fr. P. (P)5. (Pr+oo)5. Pr+oo. pr-f oo.
Sim. Fig. 30. All of them from Cornwall.

Cleavage, traces of ?r, very imperfect. Frac-
ture conchoidal. Surface, most of the forms
smooth, only the faces parallel to the axis, and

OEDEJJ. XI. PlilSMATIC COPPER-GLANCE. 9

particularly Pr -f oo, are streaked parallel to their

common intersections, often deeply furrowed.
Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak

unchanged, sometimes shining.
Very sectile. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr. =

5-695, the compact variety from the Bannat.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : 1. Axis of
revolution perpendicular to one or to both faces of
Pr ; face of composition parallel to it ; Sim. Fig,
38., only that the re-entering angles between / and
I are filled up ; 2. Axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar, face of composition parallel to a face of (Pr)5,
the individuals are continued beyond the face of
composition, Fig. 41. The inclination of s on «' is
equal to that of the acute terminal edge of (Pr)5 =
88° 9/ on one side, and — 91° 51' on the other ; the
respective inclinations of a on a' are = 153° 37' and
=z: 157° 197. Massive : composition granular, of
various sizes of individuals, generally small, and
often impalpable ; in the last case, the fracture be-
comes uneven, even or flat conchoidal. Plates.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The division of Vitreous Copper in the Wernerian
system, into foliated and compact Vitreous Copper, depends
upon the state of mechanical composition and the perfec-
tion of cleavage. But few varieties only are comprehended
in the first subspecies, namely, such as possess a granular
composition and distinct traces of cleavage. Far the greater
part is compact Vitreous Copper, which embraces not only
the compact varieties, consisting of impalpable individuals,

10 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CJLASS 11.

but by a curious anomaly also the crystals, in which but
indistinct traces of cleavage can be observed. There exist
transitions among all these varieties.

2. According to KLAPROTH, it consists of

Copper 76-50 78-50.

Sulphur 22-00 18-50.

Iron 0-50 2-25.

Silica 0-00 0-75.

It is the sulphuret of copper, Cu S, in which the propor-
tion of copper and sulphur is, according to BERZELIUS, =
7973 : 20-27. In the oxidating flame of the blowpipe it
melts and emits with a noise glowing drops. In the re-
ducing flame it becomes covered with a coat, and does not
melt. If the sulphur has been driven off, a globule of cop-
per remains. In heated nitric acid the copper is dissolved,
and the solution assumes a green colour, but the sulphur
remains undissolved.

3. If we except the tetrahedral Copper-glance, the pre-
sent species is among those belonging to the genus, the one
which occurs most frequently in nature, both in beds and
veins. It is associated chiefly with other ores of copper,
with hexahedral Iron-pyrites, rhombohedral Quartz, &c.
It is one of those minerals which, by decomposition, are
converted into copper-black.

4. Large and well defined crystals of this species occur in
several mines near Redruth and in other districts, in Corn-
wall. In that place, and in the vicinity of Freiberg, the
present species occurs in veins. Compound varieties, and in
a few rare instances also crystals, have been found in beds in
the Bannat of Temeswar, near Catharinenburg in Siberia, in
Mansfeld, in Hessia, &c. ; in the two last countries in bi-
tuminous shale. The fossil corn-ears, which were referred
by LiNiraus to the genus Phalaris^ from Frankenberg in
Hessia, consist in part of prismatic Copper-glance, and con-
tain often a little native Silver. Prismatic Copper-Glance
is found in the district of Siegen, in the mines of Kupfer-
berg and Rudelstadt in Silesia, in Sweden, Norway, and

ORDER XI. HEXAHED11AL SILVER-CLANCE. H

other countries. The foliated variety is found in Corn-
wall, in the Bannat, in Siegen, and in Mansfeld.
5. It is a rich and highly valuable ore of copper.

GENUS II. SILVER-GLANCE,
1. HEXAHEDRAL SILVER-GLANCE.

Hexahedral Silver-Glance. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 338.
Man. p. 279. Sulphuret of Silver. Vitreous Silver.
PHILL. f>, 288. Glaserz. WEBN. Hoffm. H. B. III.
2. S. 57. Glanzerz. HAUSM. I. S. 136. Silberglanz.
LEONH. S. 169. Argent sulfure'. HAUY. T. III. p.
398. TabL comp. p. 74. Traits', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 265.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.

Simple forms. H (r) Himmelsfurst, Freiberg ; O

(/i) Vol. I. Fig. 2., Joachiinsthal, Bohemia ; D

(*), Vol. I. Fig. 31., Himmelsfurst; Ci (o)
Vol. I. Fig. 34., Morgenstern mine, Freiberg.

Char, of Comb. Tessular.

Combinations. 1. H. O. Vol. I. Fig. 3. and 4.
2. H. D. Fig. 151. 3. H. Ci. Fig. 153. 4. H.
O. D. Ci. All of them from the mines near
Freiberg.

Cleavage, sometimes traces parallel to the dodeca-
hedron. Fracture imperfect and small conchoi-
dal, uneven. Surface, nearly of the same de-
scription in all the forms, often uneven, and pos-
sessing low degrees of lustre. Subject to tarnish.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
shining.

Malleable. Hardness = 20 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. =
7-196, crystals from Freiberg.

PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Compound Varieties. Reticulated, arborescent,
dentiform, filiform, and capillary shapes : indivi-
duals sometimes distinguishable, sometimes impalp-
able ; the dentiform and some other imitative shapes
are longitudinally streaked. Massive : composi-
tion impalpable ; fracture uneven. Plates, and
superficial coatings.

OBSERVATIONS. „

1. According to KLAPROTH, the hexahedral Silver-glance
is composed of

Silver 85-00.

Sulphur 15-00.

It is Ag S2, according to BERZELIUS, which would make
the proportion = 87'05 : 12-96. It is easily fusible before
the blowpipe, and intumesces, but it gives a globule of sil-
ver by a continuation of the blast. It is soluble in dilute
nitric acid.

2. It has been hitherto found almost exclusively in veins,
accompanied by a great variety of species, particularly
ores of silver, lead, and antimony, dodecahedral Garnet-
blende, several species of the order Pyrites and of the genus
Lime-haloide. Sometimes, though rarely, it is found along
with hexahedral Gold. The rock adjoining the veins is often
impregnated with it, and it is itself often covered with
Silver-black, which sometimes owes its formation to the
decomposition of hexahedral Silver-glance.

3. There are but few localities where the present species
is found in any considerable quantity. It occurs at Frei-
berg, Marienberg, Annaberg, Schneeberg, Johanngeorgen-
stadt in Saxony ; in Bohemia, principally at Joachimsthal ;
at Schemnitz and Cremnitz in Hungary, where it is
called Weichge-w'dchs ; in the Koliwan mountains in Siberia,
in Mexico and Peru. It has been found in smaller quan-
tities, both massive and crystallised, in several mines of
Cornwall, in the Hartz, in Norway, in Dauphiny, &c.

ORDER XI. IIEXAHEDKAL LEAD-GLAKCE. 13

4. The hexahedral Silver-glance is an important species
for the extraction of silver.

GENUS III. LEAD-GLANCE.
1. HEXAHEDRAL LEAD-GLANCE.

Hexahedral Galena or Lead-glance. JAM. Svst. Vol. III.
p. 353. Man. p. 280. Galena. Sulphuret of Lead. Blue
Lead. PHILL. p. 332. 335. Bleiglanz. Blau-Bleierz.
WERN. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S. 1. 13. Bleischweif.
Bleiglanz. HAUSM. I. S. 178. 179. Bleiglanz. LEONH.
S. 225. Plomb sulfure'. HAUY. Traite', T. III. p.
456. Tabl. comp. p. 79. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 341.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.

Simple forms. H (P), Freiberg ; 6 (e) Vol. I.
Fig. 2., Bleiberg; D (o) Vol. I. Fig. 31.; B (/)
Vol. I. Fig. 33. ; C2 (z) Vol. I. Fig. 34.

Char, of Comb. Tessular.

Combinations. 1. H. O., Vol. I. Fig. 3. and 4. Al-
ston, Cumberland.

2. H. O. D. Pfaffenberg mine, Anhalt.

3. H. O, Ca. Przibram, Bohemia.

4. H. O. D. B. Fig. 155. Feistritz, Stiria.
Cleavage, hexahedron, highly perfect, and easily

obtained. Fracture conchoidal, seldom observr-
able. Surface, the hexahedron and the trigonal-
icositetrahedron streaked parallel to the edges of
combination with the octahedron. Sometimes
subject to tarnish.*

• Mr ALLAN first observed, in several specimens in his own
cabinet, that, in some combinations of the hexahedron with the
octahedron from Alston, the faces of the octahedron are tar-
nished, and present iridescent tints, while those of the hexahe-
dron have retained their original lead-grey colour. H.

14 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS n.

Lustre metallic. Colour pure lead-grey. Streak

unchanged.
Rather sectile. Hardness = 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 7'568,

of a cleavable variety.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of the octahedron. The individuals
either terminate at the face of composition, or they
reach beyond it, and arc often compressed in the
direction of the axis of revolution. It is found at
Kapnik in Transylvania. Reticulated, tabular,
and some other imitative shapes, the individuals of
which are often still observable. Massive : com-
position granular, of various sizes of individuals,
sometimes impalpable. In this case the colour be-
comes pale or whitish lead-grey, the fracture even,
or flat conchoidal, and the streak shining. The
granular particles of composition sometimes become
elongated or compressed in one direction, and then
approach to columnar or lamellar ones. Pseudo-
morphoses of rhombohedral Lead-baryte. Plates, &c.

OBSERVATIONS.

I. The substance, called Blue Lead is generally separated
from the species of hexahedral Lead-glance, and considered
as a species of its own. The varieties of it, however, are
nothing else but the form of rhombohedral Lead-baryte,
filled up with the substance of hexahedral Lead-glance,
sometimes in pretty coarse granular compositions, as in
the varieties from Poullaouen in Brittany, sometimes quite
compact, as in some of those from JZschopau in Saxony.
The Blue Lead from Cornwall sometimes shews composi-
tion. The remainder of the species has been divided into

OXDEttXI. IIEXAIIEDRAL LEAD-GLANCE. 15

Common and Compact Lead-glance, according to the crystallised
state of the individuals, or the size of the grain in the com-
positions. By decomposition sometimes a black sooty sub-
stance is produced, called Friable Lead-glance.

2. According to THOMSON, the hexahedral Lead-glance
consists of

Lead 85-13.

Sulphur 13-02.

Iron 0-50.

It is Pb Sa, the proportions of lead and sulphur being
= 86-55 : 13-45. Some varieties contain a small quantity
of silver, others antimony. Before the blowpipe it melts,
if it is heated with precaution, and yields globules of me-
tallic lead, after the sulphur has been driven off. It is partly
soluble in nitric acid, and leaves a white residue.

3. Hexahedral Lead-glance is frequently found in veins,
but also in great quantity in beds, particularly in limestone
rocks. In beds it is accompanied by various other ores of
lead, also by dodecahedral Garnet-blende, several species
of Pyrites, Iron-ore, &c. ; in veins it occurs, besides these,
along with ores of silver, copper, and antimony, sometimes
with hexahedral Gold. In both kinds of repositories it is
associated with octahedral Fluor -haloide, rhombohedral
Lime-haloide, rhombohedral Quartz, and many other spe-
cies.

4. The remarkable beds of hexahedral Lead-glance in.
Carinthia, which occur in limestone, and are worked at
Deutsch-Bleiberg, Windisch-Bleiberg, Windisch-Kappel,
Ebriach, and other places, possess in several respects a
striking similarity to those of Derbyshire, Durham, and
Northumberland, in England, in both of which countries
they are accompanied and intersected by lead veins. But it
is also found in beds in older rocks, as in Stiria, Carinthia,
&c. In veins it occurs in rocks of various ages, from gneiss
to the coal formations, in several parts- of Saxony and Bo-
hemia, in the Hartz, in Anhalt, in Hungary y in Transyl-
vania, in France, in Scotland, and in many other countries.

1C PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Fine crystals have been obtained from the Pfaffenberg
mine near Neudorf in Anhalt, from Saxony, from Transyl-
vania, from Cumberland and Durham, &c. Compact Lead-
glance chiefly occurs at Freiberg in Saxony, in the Hartz,
in Carinthia, and at Leadhills in Scotland. The localities
of Blue Lead have been mentioned above.

5. Hexahedral Lead-glance is that mineral which yields
most of the lead annually produced. On account of its
generally containing a small quantity of silver, it is also
employed to a considerable extent for the extraction of that
metal, or also of gold, if it contains an admixture of it,
which is sometimes the case. Potters use either the hexa-
hedral Lead-glance itself reduced to powder, or the litharge
produced from it for glazing coarse pottery.

GENUS IV. TELLURIUM-GLANCE.

1. PRISMATIC TELLURIUM-GLANCE.

Prismatic Black Tellurium. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 369.
Prismatic Tellurium-Glance. Man. p. 281. Black Tel-
lurium. PHILL. p. 328. Nagyager-Erz. WE UN. Hoffin.
H. B. IV. 1. S. 134. Bliittertellur. HAUSM. I. S. 132.
Blatter-Tellur. LEONH. S. 182. Tellure natif auri-
fere et plombifere. HAur. Traite', T. IV. p. 327.
Tellure natif auro-plombifere. Tabl. comp. p. 119.
Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 381.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid*.

Vol. I. Fig. 9.
Simple forms. P — oo ; P + oo = 90° (nearly) ;

Pr -f oo ; Pr -f- oo.
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

* According to PHILLIPS and BROOKE, it is an acute iso-
sceles pyramid, the edge at its base being = 140°. A combination
quoted by PHILLIPS is similar to Fig. 92. having the oblique
edges between b and I replaced by the faces of a pyramid, the
base of which is = 122° 50'. H.

ORDER xi. PRISMATTC TELLURIUM-GLANCE. 17

Combinations. 1. P — oo. P -f cc. ?r -f- oo.
2. P — oo. P -f- x. ?r H- oo. Pr -f oo. Nagyag,
Transylvania.

Cleavage, P — oo, very perfect. Fracture not ob-
servable. Surface, P — oo smooth.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Highly flexible in thin laminae. Very sectile.
Hardness = 1-0 ... 1-5. Sp. Gr. = 7-085.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, of various sizes of individuals, sometimes

longish.

OBSERVATION'S.

1. According to KLAPROTH, the prismatic Tellurium-
glance consists of

Tellurium 32-20.

Lead 54-00.

Gold 9-00.

Silver 0-50.

Copper 1-30.

Sulphur 3-00.

Before the blowpipe it melts easily upon charcoal, emits
white fumes, which are deposited upon the charcoal, and
gives a malleable metallic globule. "NVith borax it gives a
bead of gold containing a little silver. It is easily soluble
in nitric acid.

2. It has been hitherto found only in veins with hexa-
hedral Gold, hexahedral Glance-blende, dodecahedral Gar-
net-blende, macrotypous Parachrose-baryte, &c.

3. Its chief locality is Nagyag in Transylvania, from
whence it obtained its ancient name of N«glakcr-Erz. It
is found also with prismatic Antimony-glance, at Offen-
banya in the same country.

VOL. III. B

18 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

GENUS V. MOLYBDENA-GLANCE.
1. RHOMBOHEDRAL MOLYBDENA-GLANCE.

Rhomboidal Moljbdena. JAM. Svst. VoL III. p. 372.
Man. p. 282. Sulphuret of Molybdena. PHILL. p.
248. Wasserblei. WERN. Hoifm. H. B. IV. 1. S.
231. Wasserblei. HAUSM. I. S. 197. Molybdanglanz.
LEONH. S. 162. Molybdene sulfure'. HAUY. Traite',
T. IV. p. 289. Tabl. comp. p. 114. Traite', 2de Ed.
T. IV. p. 326.

Fundamental form. Rhombohedron, of unknown
dimensions. Vol. I. Fig. 7.

Simple forms. R — x ; P ; P -f oo. They oc-
cur in combination with each other, and seem to
possess a di-rhombohedral character.

Cleavage, R — QD, highly perfect. Fracture not
observable. Surface, R — oo smooth ; P and
' P + oo horizontally streaked.

Lustre metallic. Colour pure lead-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Thin laminae are highly flexible. Very sectile.
Hardness = 1-0 ... 1-5. Sp. Gr. = 4-591.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, of various sizes of individuals.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to BUCHOLZ, rhombohedral Molybdena-
glance consists of

Molybdena 60-00.

Sulphur 40-00.

It does not melt, nor is it reduced before the blowpipe, but
it emits sulphureous fumes, which are deposited on the
charcoal. It deflagrates with nitre, and is soluble with
effervescence in nitric acid, leaving a grey residue.

OBDERXI. PRISMATIC BISMUTH-GLANCE. 19

2. It is generally found imbedded in several rocks, parti-
cularly in granite, and is not unfrequently met with in se-
veral repositories of pyramidal Tin-ore. Besides this species,
it is most commonly accompanied by rhombohedral Quartz
and prismatic Scheelium-ore.

3. Among the oldest known localities of the present spe-
cies are Altenberg in Saxony, and Schlaggenwald and Zinn-
wald in Bohemia. As in these places, it occurs also in
Cornwall, along with pyramidal Tin-ore. In Norway and
Sweden it occurs imbedded in zircon^syenite and granite ;
in granite also, at Carrock in Cumberland, and in West-
moreland in England, at Loch Creran in Scotland, &c. It
is frequent in the granite and gneiss of the United States
of North America, and has been found also in the valley
of Chamouni in Savoy, and in Silesia.

GENUS VI. BISMUTH-GLANCE.
1. PRISMATIC BISMUTH-GLANCE,

Prismatic Bismuth-Glance. JAM. Syst Vol. III. p. 384.
Man. p. 283. Sulphuret of Bismuth. PHILL. p. 273*
Wismuthglanz. WERX. Hoffm. H. B. IV. L S. G8.
Wismuthglanz. HAUSM. I. S. 190. Wisrauthglanz.
LEOXH. S. 213. Bismuth sulfure. HAUY. Traite',
T. IV. p. 190. Tabl. comp. p. 105. ^fiwte, 2de Ed.
T. IV. p. 210.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid
of unknown dimensions. Vol. I. Fig. 9.

Simple forms and combinations not determined.

Cleavage, imperfect in the direction of P -f- o&y
which is nearly equal to 90° ; with great perfec-
tion parallel to one of the diagonals, less distinct-
ly parallel to the other ; P — oo imperfect.
Fracture scarcely observable. Surface of the
prisms deeply streaked parallel to the axis.

20 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Lustre metallic. Colour lead grey, inclining a
little to steel-grey. Streak unchanged.

Rather sectile. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. =
6*549, the variety from Rezbanya.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition gra-
nular, the individuals being of various sizes ; or co-
lumnar, individuals straight and aggregated in va-
rious directions.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to SAGE it consists of

Bismuth 60-00.

Sulphur 40-00.

According to this analysis it is Bi S6, which corresponds
to 59'51 of bismuth, and 40-49 of sulphur. It is volatilised
before the blowpipe, and covers the charcoal with a yellow
areola. It is easily fusible, and emits continually small
drops in a state of incandescence. It is easily soluble in
nitric acid, and the solution yields a white precipitate on
being further diluted.

2. Prismatic Bismuth-glance occurs principally in veins,
but is found also in beds. It is generally associated with
octahedral Bismuth, also with several species of Pyrites,
with pyramidal Tin-ore, rhombohedral Quartz, &c.

3. It is rather a rare mineral. It is found at Altenberg,
at Schneeberg, and some other places in Saxony, at Joa-
chimsthal in Bohemia, at llezbanya in Upper Hungary,
in the latter place in beds ; near Redruth and Botallack in
Cornwall ; at Riddarhyttan in Sweden, with uncleavable
Cerium-ore ; in the mountains of Beresof in Siberia, &c.
Very fine varieties, in large cleavable individuals* are
found at Carroek in Cumberland.

ORDER XI. PttlSMATIC ANTIMONY-GLANCE.

GENUS VJ I. ANTIMONY-GLANCE.
1. PRISMATIC ANTIMONY-GLANCE.

Graphic Gold-Glance or Graphic Tellurium. JAM. Syst.
Vol. III. p. 377. Prismatic Antimony-Glance. Man.
p. 284. Graphic Tellurium. Graphic Gold. PHII.L.
p. 327. Schrifterz. WERX. Hoffm. H. B. IV. I. S. 129.
Schrifttellur. HAUSM. I. S. 130. Schrift-Tellur.
LEONH. S. 183. Tellure natif aurif ere et argentifere.
HAUY.Traite', T.IV. p. 326. Tellure natif auro-argen-
tifere. Tabl. comp. p. 1 19. Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 380.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
Vol. I. Fig. 9.

Simple forms. P — oo (fc); 1* (P) ; f P + 2 (5);
(Pr)3 (*); (Pr)* (a); (f r + oo)3 (d); Pr(o);
Pr + oo (r) ; Pr + oo (s).

Char, of Comb, Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. P — oo. Pr. P. ?r+ QD. Pr-f- oo.
2. P— OD. Pr. P. (Pr)3. (Pr)5. f P + 2.
(Pr -h oo)3. ?r -h oo. Pr -f- QD. Fig. 35.

Cleavage, ?r -h oo, highly perfect ; -Pr -f- oo per-
fect though not so easily obtained. Fracture
uneven. Surface, Pr + oo vertically streaked ;
Pr -|- oo fused like ; the remaining faces smooth.

Lustre metallic. Colour pure steel-grey. Streak
unchanged.

Very sectile. Hardness = 1-5 ... 2-0. Sp. Gr.
= 5-723, MULLEB, VON REICHENSTEIN.

Compound Varieties. Regular composition of
acicular crystals nearly at angles of 60° and 120°,
in one plane, frequently repeated and imparting to
the whole the appearance of certain characters for

22 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CI.ASS II.

writing. Massive : composition imperfectly colum-
nar or granular, small but not impalpable.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. It is possible that the crystal represented in Fig. 35.
is not a simple one, but compound parallel to the plane r,
in which case the combinations might be hemi-prismatic.
The angle dd over s is = 85° 40', over r == 94° 20- very
nearly, the inclination of o on r about 125°. The present
species presents a great many different varieties of crystal-
line forms, which being generally very much engaged
among each other, and moreover modified by regular com-
position, have not yet been satisfactorily developed.*

2. According to KLAPROTH, it consists of

Tellurium 6Q-00.

Gold 30-00.

Silver 10-00.

It is remarkable, that the specific gravity of such a composi-
tion should be so low as has been stated above, it being much
less than that of tellurium itself. By calculation the
specific gravity is found above 10-0, which agrees pretty well
with that of the Yellow Tellurium, as given by MULLER
VON REICHENSTEIN, but this cannot refer to the same
species, the specific gravity of which is given above. The
prismatic Antimony-glance melts easily into a grey globule,
which fumes and covers the charcoal with a white oxide.
After having continued the blast for some time, a ductile
metallic globule is obtained. It is soluble in nitric acid.

3. The prismatic Antimony -glance occurs at Offenbanya
in Transylvania, in very narrow, but quite regular veins*

* It is difficult to trace the identity of the series of crystal-
lisation in Fig. 35. with the figure given by Mr PHILLIPS, un-
less one of them be discovered to have been in fact a compound
crystal. The inclination of c3 on c3 over M follows = 94° 30',
nearly the same as d on d over r, and M on h is given = 126°
8', perhaps a more accurate measurement than that indicated
above by approximation == 125°. H.

ORDER XI. PBISMATOIDAL ANTIMONY-GLANCE. 23

which traverse porphyry, several of them at a short dis-
tance from each other and parallel. It is accompanied by
hexahedral Gold and rhombohedral Quartz, rarely by pris-
matic Tellurium-glance. It is occasionally met with along
with the latter, at Nagyag in Transylvania.

4. It is a valuable ore, on account of its contents of gold
and silver.

2. PRISMATOIDAL ANTIMONY-GLANCE.

Prismatic Antimony-Glance or Grey Antimony. JAM.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 390. Man. p. 285. Grey Antimony.
Sulphuret of Antimony. PHILL. p. 329. Grauspies-
glaserz. WERN. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S. 102. Grau-

spiessglanzerz. HAUSM. I. S. 194. Antimonglanz. S.
152. Antimoine sulfure. HAUY. Traite, T. IV. p.
264. TabL comp.p. 112. Traite', 2deEd. T. IV. p. 291.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 109° 16', 108° 10', 110° 59'. Vol. 1. Fig.
9. R. G.

a : b : c = 1 : V 0-9577 : V 0'9327-

Simple forms. J P — 2 (s) ; P (P) ; P + oo (m)
= 90° 45'; (| Pr — 2)5 (e) ; (| ?r — 2)7 (b) ;
Pr — !(«) = 127° 51'; Pr + oo (o).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1. f P — 2. P + oo. ?r -f oo.

2. P. P + oo. ?r + oo. Both similar to Fig. 6.

3. p. (4 pr — 2)7. P + QD. Pr -f QD.

4. § P — 2. ?r — 1. (i Pr — 2)3. P.
(£i*r — - 2)7. P + oo. ?r + oo. Fig. 32.
All of them from Felsobanya, Hungary.

Cleavage, highly perfect in the direction of Pr + oo ;
less distinct P — QD, P -J- oo and Pr -f- oo, some-
times pretty easily obtained. Fracture small
conchoidal, rather imperfect. Surface, the ver-

»4 PHYSIOGUAPHY. CLASS n.

ticai planes deeply striated parallel to their own
intersections, and rough. The pyramids in a
parallel position with P are sometimes irregularly
streaked in a horizontal direction, but generally
smooth, as also the other inclined faces. Subject
to tarnish.
Lustre metallic. Colour lead-grey, inclining to

steel-grey. Streak unchanged.
Sectile. Thin laminae are a little flexible parallel
to the intersection of Pr -f- o> with P — QD. Crys-
tals sometimes bent. Hardness = 2-0. Sp. Gr.
:= 4-620 the cleavable variety from Anhalt.
Compound Varieties. Massive : composition co-
lumnar, of various sizes of individuals, sometimes
very thin, but not impalpable. They are long and
straight, either parallel or divergent from several
common centres, and aggregated in a second angulo-
granular composition. The faces of composition
are irregularly streaked in a longitudinal direction.
Sometimes the composition is granular, and then
the individuals often become impalpable, but are
generally very strongly connected ; the fracture be-
comes even or uneven. Capillary crystals often
form a tissue resembling wool or felt.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The present species has been divided into Common and
Plumose Grey Antimony ^ differing chiefly in the size of their
individuals. The latter consists of capillary crystals, which
are sometimes even flexible, and either implanted in
groupes, or interlaced with each other ; sometimes also they
form massive varieties in which the columnar composition

ORDER XI. I'RISMATOIDAL ANTIMONY-GLANCE. 85

is very delicate. The common Grey Antimony has been
farther subdivided into radiated, foliated, and compact. The
first contains the crystals and massive varieties with a
columnar composition, the second only granular composi-
tions, in which the individuals can still be distinguished ;
and the third those in which the composition is impalpable.

2. According to PROUST and THOMSON, the prismatoi-
dal Antimony-glance consists of

Antimony 75-00 73'77-

Sulphur 25-00 26-23.

Its chemical formula is Sb S3, corresponding to 72'77 of
antimony, and 27'23 sulphur. It is very fusible before the
blowpipe, and is absorbed by the charcoal. By a continued
blast it may be volatilised without leaving any considerable
residue.

3. The greater part of the varieties of prismatoidal An-
timony-glance are found in veins, which in some instances
almost exclusively consist of this species. Yet it occurs
aUo in beds, particularly with brachytypous Parachrose-
baryte, and beds seem almost always to be the repositories
of the compact varieties. Frequently it is associated with
prismatic Hal-baryte, often with prismatic Purple-blende,
and commonly also with rhombohedral Quartz. It occurs
besides along with various other species of the orders
Glance, Blende, and Haloide, with prismatic Antimony-
baryte, and not unfrequently with hexahedral Gold. Its
decomposition produces the Antlniony-ochre, a friable or
compact yellow substance, with which it is often associated
or covered.

4. Veins consisting almost entirely of the present spe-
cies have been discovered at Posing near Pressburg in Hun-
gary, and at Wolfsthal in the county of Stollberg in the
Hartz ; such as contain considerable quantities of it asso-
ciated with other minerals, at Felsobanya in Upper Hun-
gary, at Cremnitz, Scheninitz, and other places in Lower
Hungary, and in France, from whence beautiful varieties
are obtained. It occurs also in Scotland, in Cornwall, at
Braunsdorf near Freiberg in Saxony, and at Neudorf in

2> , PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Anhalt. The fibrous variety occurs at Loben in the valley
of the Lavant in Carinthia, in beds of brachytypous Pa*
rachrose-baryte, and the compact one particularly at Ma-
gurka in Hungary.

5. It is used for extracting the crude antimony, or the
metal itself, which is employed in the manufacture of se-
veral metallic alloys, and in medicine.

3. AXOTOMOUS ANTIMONY-GLANCE.

Prismatoidal Antimony-Glance, or Grey Antimony (in
part). JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 390. Man. p. 285.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
Vol. I. Fig. 9.

Simple forms. P + oo = 101°20' (nearly) ; Pr-f oo.

Combinations, "of the preceding forms, their ter-
minations not observed.

Cleavage, P — oo highly perfect ; less distinct,
though easily observed, when the crystals are not
too small, P -f oo and Pr -f- oo. Fracture not
observable.

Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey. Streak un-
changed.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 5-564.
Compound Varieties. Massive : composition co-
lumnar, individuals generally very delicate ; straight

and parallel, or divergent.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Nothing as yet is known of the proportions among the
ingredients of the present species. It contains sulphur, an-
timony, and lead.

2. The axotomous Antimony-glance seems to be a rare
mineral, or at least not sufficiently attended to by mine-

OBDEaxi. PRISMATIC MELAKE-GLAXCE. £7

ralogists. It occurs in masses of considerable dimensions
in Cornwall, sometimes along with the di-prismatic Copper-
glance. In Hungary it is engaged in rhombohedral Lime-
haloide, but its locality is not exactly known.

GENUS VIII. MELANE*-GLANCE.
1. PRISMATIC MELANE GLANCE.

Rhomboidal Silver-Glance or Brittle Silver-Glance. JAM.
Syst Vol. III. p. 345. Prismatic Melane-G lance.
Man. p. 287. Brittle Sulphuret of Silver. PHILL. p.
390. Sprbdglaserz. WERN. Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S.
63. Sprb'dglanzerz. HAUSM. I. S. 138. Schwarz-
giltigerz. LEONH. S. 202. Argent noir. HAUY. Traite,
T. III. p. 416. Argent antimonie' sulfure noir. TabL
comp. p. 76. Trait^ 2de Ed. T. III. p. 280.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 130° 16', 104° 197, 96° T. Vol. I. Fig. 9.
R. G.

a : b : c = 1 : V 2'526 : V M»7-

Simple forms. P — OD ; P (P) ; P + oo = 111°
8'; (Pr)5 (a); (Pr -f a)3 (d) = 72° 13';
(Pr -h oo)^ = 14S° 107; (Pr)5 ; Pr (o) = 115°
39' ; Pr -f oo (p) ; Pr + oo (s).
Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

1. Pr. Pr -f oo. Pr -f- oo. Alte Hoffnung mine,

Freiberg

^. P. (f r -f oo)3. Pr + oo. Fig. 7. Alte Hoff-
nung mine.

3. Pr. P. (Pr)5. (Pr+oo)5. ]Pr + QD. Pr-f oo.
Fig. 30. Przibram, Bohemia.

4. P — oo. Pr. P. (Pr)5. (Pr)5. P + oo.

* From pUa;, black.

28 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS n.

(Pr + a)3. (Pr + oc)5. ?r + 00. Pr + a>.
Morgen stern mine, Freiberg.

Cleavage, (Pr -f oo)3 and f r -f oo, imperfect and
interrupted. Fracture conchoidal, uneven. Sur-
face, Pr and Pr -f- ot> generally streaked parallel
to their edges of combination with each other ;
the other forms smooth.

Lustre metallic. Colour iron-black. Streak un-
changed.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5, Sp. Gr. = 6-269,
a crystal from Przibram.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of Pr ; the composition is frequently
repeated, either in parallel layers, or contiguous to
several parts of the same individual. Thence com-
pound masses arise, consisting of alternating la-
minae of two or more individuals, as in prismatic
Lime-haloide, di-prismatic Lead-baryte, &c., with
the forms of which those of the present species
agree in a remarkable manner. Massive : compo-
sition granular, individuals strongly connected ;
fracture uneven.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to KLAPROTH, it consists of
Silver 66-50.

Antimony 10-00.

Iron 5-00.

Sulphur 12-00.

Copper and Arsenic 0-50.
BERZELILS could not discover any antimony by the blow-

ORDER XI. PRISMATIC MELANE-CLAKCE.

pipe, and is therefore of opinion that it is a compound of
sulphur, arsenic, and silver. Before the blowpipe, upon
charcoal, it yields a dark coloured metallic globule, which
may be reduced either with soda and silica, or with salt-
petre. It is soluble in dilute nitric acid.

2. The prismatic Melane-glance is found in silver veins
along with other ores of silver, also with hexahedral Lead-
glance, dodecahedral Garnet-blende, and several species of
the orders Pyrites, Haloid e, and Baryte. It is sometimes
associated with native Arsenic and hexahedral Gold.
Prismatic Melane-glance in compact varieties is often inti-
mately mixed with hexahedral Lead-glance, and with pris-
matoidal Antimony-glance, a mixture designated by the
name of White Silver, the Wetssgiltigerz of the \Vernerian
system. The richer it is in silver, the more it approaches
in its properties to the pure varieties of the present species,
while in the contrary cases it yields more nearly the cha-
racters of compact hexahedral Lead-glance and compact
prismatoidal Antimony. glance, or of a mixture of both, and
differs from them perhaps only in the colour. It is evident
that the White Silver does not deserve to be ranked as a
particular species, on account of this mode of formation,
and the variable proportions of the species entering into
the mixture. It is found in silver veins in Saxony.

3. The prismatic Melane-glance occurs chiefly in Saxony,
Bohemia, and Hungary ; in the last of which countries it is
called R'oschgev'dchs. Its chief localities in Saxony are the
mining districts of Freiberg, Schneeberg, and Johanngeor-
genstadt, in Bohemia those of Przibram and Katieborzitz,
and in Hungary those of Schemnitz and Cremnitz. It is
found also at Joachimsthal in Bohemia ; at Andreasberg in
the Hartz, here only in small quantities ; at Zacatecas in
Mexico, and in Peru.

4. On account of its considerable contents of silver, it
is a valuable ore for the extraction of that metal.

5. The two following minerals must here be noticed,
as they seem to be nearly allied to the prismatic Melane-
glance.

SO PHYSIOGRAPHY. CL

*L Flexible Sa!ph*ret of Sihcr.

Flexible Sulphuret of Silrer. PHILL. p. 289. Argc
sulfiire flexible, BOURJCOX. Cat. p.

Hemi-prismatic. A crystal is given by Mr PHILLIPS, ob-
served and measured by Mr BROOKE. It nearly resembles
Fig. 172^ but is flattened between P and P, having the
edges between M and T replaced bj one plane e, and those
between / and P by two planes, d* and dl. Angles, M
on T = 125°, e on T = 1593, / on / = 121% d* on d*
= 83*30', <P on <*» = 48°, k on A- = 126° 407, *on* = 90'.

Cleavage perfect, parallel to P.

Lustre metallic. Colour dark externally, nearly black.
Streak shining, but less so than hexahedral Silver-glance.

Thin laminae flexible. Yields readily to the knife.
It consists, according to the experiments of Dr WOLLAS-

TOM, of silver, sulphur, and a little iron. This mineral

was first discovered by Count Bouaxox, who suspects

Hungary to be the locality of the specimens he examined.

ii. Sulphuret of Stiver and Antinomy.

Sulphuret of Silver and Antimony. PHILL. p. 290. Mine
d'argent grise antimoniale. HOME DE L'!SLE. Vol.
IIL p. 54.

Prismatic. Combinations similar to Fig. 23., without A,
and having several other prisms (g-1, g-*, g3) contiguous
to its obtuse edge, which in the figure is that between
two adjacent faces of M. Inclination, according to
PHILLIPS, of x on x = 130' S7, P on P = 60° B&, * on
* = 57° 4^, M on M (adjacent) = 100°, g* on gl = 1 19°
4CK, g* on g* = 139°, g* on g* = 1&J\

Cleavage, easy parallel to M and in other directions. Sur-
face striated in a longitudinal direction.

Lustre metallic. Colour approaching to silver white.

Yields easily to the knife. Sp. Gr. = 5-5.
Before the blowpipe it gives out copious white vapours

and a slight sulphureous odour, leaving behind a white me-

taUic globule. It is supposed to consist chiefly of antimony.

ORDER XII. HEXAHEDRAL GLANCE-BLENDE. 31

sulphur, and silver. The locality quoted of this mineral
is the mine of Himmelsfiirst near Freiberg. It had first
been distinguished by ROME DE L'ISLE? Mr FREIESLEBEN
had given it the name of Schilfglaserz, but it was only of
late more accurately described by Mr PHILLIPS.

ORDER XII. BLENDE.

GENUS I. GLANCE-BLENDE.

1. HEXAHEDRAL GLANCE-BLENDE.

Prismatic Manganese-Blende. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p.
406. Man. p. 288. Sulphuret of Manganese. PHILL.
p. 246. Manganblende. BREITH. Hoffm. H. B. IV.
2. S. 197. Schwarzerz. HAUSM. I. S. 199. Man-
ganglanz. LEONH. S. 370. Manganese sulfurd. HAUY.
Tabl. comp. p. 111. Traite', 2de Ed. T. JV..p. 268.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.

Simple forms. H ; O, Vol. I. Fig. 2.

Combinations. 1. H. O. Vol. I. Fig. 3. and 4.

Cleavage, hexahedron, perfect ; traces of the dode-
cahedron. Fracture uneven, imperfect conchoi-
dal. Surface rough.

Lustre imperfect metallic. Colour iron-black.
Streak dark-green. Opake.

Rather sectile. Hardness = 3-5 ... 4-0. Sp. Gr.
= 4-014, a cleavable variety.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition gra-
nular, of various sizes of individuals; faces of
composition irregularly streaked or rough.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to KLAPROTH and VAUQUELIN, the hexa-
hedral Glance-blende consists of

3£ PHYSIOGRAPHY. CJ.AS3 II.

Protoxide of Manganese 82*00 85-00.

Sulphur 11-00 15-00.

Carbonic Acid 5-00 0-00.

It is generally, however, considered as a sulphuret of man-
ganese. Before the blowpipe it is melted with difficulty,
and only on its thinnest edges. It emits sulphuretted hy-
drogen, if reduced to powder and thrown into nitric, muria-
tic, or dilute sulphuric acid, and is dissolved.

2. It is a rare mineral. It occurs chiefly in veins along
with prismatic Tellurium-glance, at Nagyag in Transyl-
vania. According to PHILLIPS, it is found also in Corn-
wall.

GENUS II. GARNET-BLENDE.

1. DODECAHEDRAL GARNET-BLENDE.

Dodecahedral Zinc-Blende. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 410.
Man. p. 288. Blende. Sulphuret of Zinc. PH i L L. p. 35 1 .
Blende. WEIIN. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S. 73. Blende.
HAUSM. 1. S. 229. Blende. LEONH. S. 309. Zinc
sulfure. HAUY. Traite', T. IV. p. 167- Tabl. comp.
p. 103. Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 186.

Fundamental form. Hexahedron. Vol. I. Fig. 1.

Simple forms. H(*) Cornwall; °(g) Vol. I. Fig. 13.;

— § (£0 Vol. I. Fig. 14.; D (P) Vol. I. Fig. 31.;

| Vol. I. Fig. 17.; - ~ (</) Vol. L Fig. 16.
Char, of Comb. Semi-tessular, with inclined faces*

Combinations. 1. 2- — ~- Fig. 158. Cornwall.
2. 2. _ ^. Vol. I. Fig. 78, the faces r con-

siderably enlarged, so as to intersect each other.
Junge hohe Birke mine near Freiberg,

ORDER XII. DODECAHEDRAL GARNET-BLENDE. 33

3. D. — - Fig. 162. Alston Moor* Cum.

berland.

— • —

4. — • — -r-' D. — < Kapnik, Transylvania.

5. H. 5- D. — ^- Alston Moor.

Cleavage, dodecahedron highly perfect. Fracture
conchbidal. Surface, the tetrahedrons and the
two tetragonal dodecahedrons generally, though
faintly streaked parallel to their common inter-
sections ; the trigonal dodecahedron is often un-
even or curved, but at the same time smooth and
shining.

Lustre adamantine. Colour green, yellow, red,
brown, black, none of them bright. Streak
white . . . reddish-brown5 corresponding to the co-
lour. Transparent ... translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 3-5 ... 4-0. Sp. Gr. = 4-078,
a cleavable variety ; — 4*027, a columnar, com-
pound variety.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of the octahedron. Fig. 156. and 163.
This composition is often repeated, either in parallel
layers, or in the direction of several faces of the oc-
tahedron. Reniform and other imitative shapes :
surface rough ; composition columnar, often almost
impalpable ; straight, divergent, and frequently pro-
ducing a second curved lamellar, or granular com-
position. Massive : composition columnar or granu-

f OL. in. e

34) PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

lar, sometimes impalpable, often very distinct. The
fracture of impalpable compositions is uneven or even.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Although the subspecies distinguished among the
varieties of the species Blende have been denominated after
their colours, yet they do not depend entirely or solely upon
these colours. The colours of yellow Blende are green, yel-
low, or pale reddish-brown ; its varieties possess the high-
est degrees of transparency which occur in the species. The
red and brown colours of the brown Blende are darker, and
its degrees of transparency lower than in the preceding sub-
species. The varieties of Hack Blende are either black and
opake, or they are blood-red. Brown Blende has been far-
ther subdivided into foliated, radiated, and fibrous brown
Blende. Simple varieties and compound ones, consisting
of granular individuals, are contained in the first of these
divisions ; columnar compositions, in which the individuals
are still discernible, in the second ; and very thin columnar
or impalpable compositions originating from them, which
assume various imitative shapes, are comprehended in the
third division. In the columnar compositions the individuals
often present in the cross fracture the even faces of regular
composition parallel to a face of the octahedron. Three of
the faces of cleavage may be easily obtained parallel to the
axis, and produce with the above mentioned faces of com-
position a regular six-sided prism. On account of the great
facility with which the faces of composition may be obtain-
ed, it is more difficult to observe the inclined faces of clea-
vage, which nevertheless are very distinct, and produce
with the vertical ones the dodecahedron, as the real form of
cleavage of the species. The exact distinction of the Wer-
nerian subspecies of yellow, brown, and black Blende, re-
quires a great deal of practice, and can be acquired only em-
pirically, and even then many varieties will occur that ren-
der the distinction impossible. This is a sure though eai-
pirical demonstration that the distinction itself is useless.

ORDER xci. DODECAHEDUAL GAUNET-BLENDE. 35

2. According to THOMSON and GUENIVEAU, it consists of

Zinc 59-09 62-00.

Iron 12-05 1-50.

Sulphur 23-86 34-00.

Its chemical formula is Zn S2, agreeing with 66-J2 of zinc
and 33-28 of sulphur. When strongly heated in the oxi-
dating flame of the blowpipe, it gives off vapours of zine,
which form a coating on the charcoal, but it does not melt.
It is soluble in nitric acid, during which process sulphuret-
ted hydrogen is disengaged.

3. Dodecahedral Garnet-blende is frequently found in
nature; but all its varieties are not equally common. It
is met with in beds and veins, accompanied chiefly by hexa-
hedral I^ead-glance, several species of Iron-pyrites, Arse-
nical-pyrites, Copper-pyrites, several Haloides, Barytes,
&c., in beds also by dodecahedral Garnet, octahedral Iron-
ore, and several species of Augite-spar. It is not rare in
rich silver veins, and is associated with native Silver, and
the different ores of that metal.

4. Yellow Blende principally occurs in fine varieties at
Schemnitz in Lower Hungary, and at Kapnik in Transyl-
vania ; also at Scharfenberg, Schwarzenberg, and Ritters-
griin in Saxony, at Ratieborzitz in Bohemia, at Gumme-
rud in Norway, and other places. Brown Blende is found
at Freiberg, and other localities in Saxony, in Bohemia,
Hungary, and Transylvania, in the Hartz, at Sahla in Swe-
den, in great quantities in Derbyshire and Cumberland ;
also in Cornwall in England. The radiated variety in parti-
cular is found at Przibram ; it is that variety which contains
the greatest proportion of cadmium. The chief localities of
fibrous Blende are Raibel in Carinthia, Geroldseck in Swa-
bia, and Wheal Unity in Cornwall ; of black Blende, Frei-
berg, Annaberg, Breitenbrunn, and Schwarzenberg in
Saxony, and many places in Bohemia, Hungary, Transyl-
vania, Silesia, in the Hartz and other countries.

5. The application of dodecahedral Garnet-blende for the
extraction of zinc, is as yet very limited.

36 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

GENUS III. PURPLE-BLENDE.

I. PRISMATIC PURPLE-BLENDE.

Prismatic Antimony-Blende or Red Antimony. JAM.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 421. Man. p. 290. Red Antimony.
PHILL. p. 331. Rothspiesglaserz. WERN. Hoffm.
H. B. IV. 1. S. 114. Rothspiessglanzerz. HAUSM. I.
S. 225. Antimonblende. LEONH. S. 157. Antimoine
hydro-sulfure'. HAUY. Traite', T. IV. p. 276. Anti-
moine oxyde' sulfure'. Tabl. comp. p. 1 13. Traite', 2de Ed.
T. IV. p. 311.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
Inclination of the axis = 11° 19' in the plane of
the long diagonal. Vol. I. Fig. 41. AP.

a : b : c : d = 5-0 : 3-1 : c : 1.

Simple forms. P — oo ; -^- = 15° 47' ; — y
= 34° & ; Pr -f oo. The faces of all the forms
hitherto observed, are parallel to one of the dia-
gonals of P, and this is supposed to be the short
diagonal.

Char, of Comb. Hemi-prismatic. Inclination of
P — oo on £r + OD - 101° 1^.

Combinations. 1. — y- f r + oo. 2. P — oo.

_£ fr+o. 3.P-OC. *±L -*.

fr + oo. All of them are elongated, and often
appear only as thin filaments parallel to the short
diagonal ; the termination of the crystals in that
direction has not been observed.
Cleavage, fr + QD highly perfect; less distinct
Pr -f oo ; there are traces in other directions
perhaps of P -f- QD. Fracture not observable.

OttDER XII. PRISMATIC PURPLE-BLENDE. 37

Surface more or less deeply streaked parallel to
the edges of combination.

Lustre common or metallic adamantine. Colour
cherry-red. Streak cherry-red or brownish-red.
Feebly translucent.

Sectiie. Thin laminae are slightly flexible. Hard-
ness - 1-0 ... 1-5. Sp. Gr. = 4-5 ... 4-6.

Compound Varieties. Tufts of capillary crys-
tals. Massive: composition very thin columnar,
straight and divergent from common centres.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The division of Red Antimony in the system of
WERNER is similar to that of the Grey Antimony. Com-
mon Red Antimony forms the first, and Tinder-Ore the se-
cond subspecies. The Tinder-Ore comprises those varieties
which, originally consisting of short capillary individuals,
interlaced with each other, appear in flakes resembling
tinder, while the Common Red Antimony refers to crys-
tals, and to those compound varieties, in which the co-
lumnar individuals are still discernible.

2. According to KLAPROTH, the prismatic Purple-blende
consists of

Antimony 67*50.

Oxygen 10-80.

Sulphur 1970.

Alone before the blowpipe it melts easily upon charcoal, by
which it is absorbed, and at last entirely volatilised. Im-
mersed in nitric acid, it is covered with a white coating.

3. It is almost always accompanied by prismatoidal An-
timony-glance, which has induced some mineralogists to
believe it to have been produced from a decomposition of
that species. It occurs in veins ; besides the above men-
tioned species, it is accompanied by prismatic Antimony-
baryte, rhombohedral Quartz, &c.

38 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

4. The varieties of this species occur at Briiunsdorf near
Freiberg in Saxony, at Malazka near Posing in Hungary,
and at Allemont in Dauphiny in France. The principal
localities of Tinder-ore are Clausthal and Andreasberg in
the Hartz.

GENUS IV. RUBY-BLENDE.

1. RHOMBOHEDEAL RUBY-BLENDE.

Rhomboidal Ruby-blende or Red Silver. JAM. Syst.
Vol. III. p. 425. Man. p. 291. Red Silver. Ruby
Silver. PHILL. p. 291. Rothgiltigerz. WERN. Hoffm.
H. B. III. 2. S. 67. Rothgiltigerz. HAUSM. I. S. 221.
Rothgiiltigerz. LEONH. S. 199. Argent antimonie'
sulfure'. HAUY. Traite', T. III. p. 402. Tabl. comp.
p. 75. Traite, 2de Ed. T. III. p. 269.

Fundamental form. Rhombohedron. R = 108°
18'. Vol. I. Fig. 7. R. G.

a = V 1-895.

Simple forms. R — oo (o) ; R — 2 (*) = 157°
4& ; R — 1 (*) - 137° 39' ; R (P) ; R + 1
(g, i) = 80° 59'; R + oo (fc) ; P + oo (n) ;
(P - %y (0 ; (P- I)5 (a) ; (| P-l)' (b) ;

Char, of Comb. Rhombohedral. Sometimes the
configuration of the opposite apices is different.
Of the faces of R + QD often only the alternating
ones appear, as in rhombohedral Tourmaline.

Combinations. l.R — 1. P + oo. R + l.
R — 1. Fig. 182. Andreasberg, Hartz.*

2. R— -1. -y^. P-f OD. Fig. 136. Andreasberg.
* In the cabinet of Mr ALLAN. H.

OUDER XII. EHOMBOHEDEAL BUBY-BLENDE. 39

3. (! p — 1)3. (P)3. p + CD. Saxony.
4 R — 2. R — 1. (P)3. P + oo. Beschertgluck,
Saxony.

5. R— 1. (P— 2)3. R. P+oo. Joachimsthal,
Bohemia.

6. R + 1. (P)3. R + ».. P 4- QD. Marienberg,
Saxony.

7. R — 1. R -f 1. (P)5. (P)5. P + oo. Beschert-
gliick.

8. R— 1. (P— 2)3. R. (P— I)3. (f P — I)5.
(P)5. P +OD. Fig. 126.

Cleavage, R, in several varieties pretty distinct,
in others scarcely observable. Fracture conchoir
dal. Surface, R — 2 streaked parallel to the
edges of combination with R «— 1 ; R — — 1,
(P — 2)3 and the pyramids belonging to R, also
P + oo often striated parallel to their common
edges of combination ; P + oo is sometimes rough,
as is also (| P — I)5.

Lustre common adamantine in light coloured va-
rieties, metallic adamantine in dark coloured ones.

Colour iron-black ... cochineal-red. Streak several
shades of cochineal-red, corresponding to the
colour ; in some varieties it is almost aurora-red.
Semi-transparent ... opake.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 5-846,
crystals from Beschertgluck.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals. 1. Face
of composition perpendicular, axis of revolution
parallel to an edge of R — 1.. Fig, 139. This

40 PHYSIOGRAPHY". CLASS II.

kind of regular composition is frequently repeated,
contiguous to all the terminal edges of II — 1 , as
in Fig. 140., or still farther, since two new indivi-
duals may again be joined to every one of the for-
mer group, A great number of individuals are
often joined in that manner. 2. Face of compo-
sition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicular to a
face of R — 2. This mode of composition forms
the Supplement to the preceding one, but it is far
Jess frequent. 8. Face of composition parallel to
a face of R -f- oo, axis of revolution perpendicular
to it. If the individuals are continued beyond the
face of composition, then the composition is parallel
to all the faces of 11 -f oo. Massive : composition
granular, of various sizes of individuals, strongly
connected. If the composition becomes impalpable,
fracture is uneven, even, or flat conchoidal. Plates,
superficial coatings.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The difference between the Light and Dark Red
Silver^ though originally founded on the different tints
of colour and streak of the two minerals, and on their
lustre, which is dependent upon them, is deeper rooted
in the essence of these bodies than it would appear at first
sight. The forms of the Light Red Silver have not yet
been ascertained with sufficient exactness ; they do not
seem, however, to be very different from those of the Dark
Red Silver, and also the peculiarities in their crystallisa-
tions are common tp both. There is no difference in their
hardness. The specific gravity of the two substances, how-
ever, is considerably different, being circumscribed, as far as
our present information goes, within the limits of 5-8 ... 5:9

ORDER xil. RHOMBOHEDRAL RUBY-BLENDE. 41

for the dark red, and of 5-4 ... 5-6 for the light red variety.
A dark red cleavable variety from the Hartz gave 5-831, a
light red one, also cleavable, from Annaberg, 5-524, and a
crystallised one from the Churprinz mine near Freiberg,
having the colour of the dark red variety, 5-422. This
subject deserves the particular attention of mineralogists,
though as yet it is impossible to settle any thing in re-
gard to the determination of the species. The colours of
the Dark Red Silver are dark cochineal-red passing into
iron-black, its streak is more or less deep cochineal-red,
and it is opake or but faintly translucent on the edges.
The colours of Light Red Silver are more distinctly co-
chineal-red, but approach in some varieties to those of
Dark Red Silver; its streak is light cochineal-red, and
often almost aurora-red; it is translucent on the edges,
and frequently semi-transparent In these properties,
however, the two varieties are joined by transitions.

2. The rhombohedral Ruby-blende consists, according
to BONSDORF, of

Silver 58-949.

Antimony 22-846.

Sulphur 16-609.

Earthy substances 0-299.

He gives for its chemical formula 3 Ag S2 + 2 Sb S3,
which corresponds to 58-98 of silver, 23-47 antimony, and
17*55 of sulphur. It decrepitates before the blowpipe
upon charcoal, melts and emits fumes of sulphur and an-
timony, after which it yields a globule of silver. It is so-
luble in dilute nitric acid.

3. The rhombohedral Ruby-blende has been hitherto
always found in veins, associated with various other ores
of silver, with hexahedral Silver, hexahedral Lead-glance,
dodecahedral Garnet-blende, and several species of Pyri-
tes : the light red varieties often with native Arsenic, pris-
matic Iron-pyrites, octahedral Cobalt-pyrites, and other
species.

4. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende is confined to a small
number of localities, but in some of these it occurs in pret-

42 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

ty considerable quantities. It is found in many of the
veins near Freiberg, also at Marienberg, Annaberg, Schnee-
berg, and Johanngeorgenstadt in Saxony ; likewise at
Joachirasthal, Przibram, and other places in Bohemia.
The light red varieties are more generally met with in
the districts of the Saxon and Bohemian mines, nearer
the highest ridge of mountains, while the dark red occur
in greater proportion in the neighbourhood of Freiberg^
and in other places of the lower districts. The dark red
silver is found in beautiful crystals at Andreasberg in the
Hartz. It is met with also at Schemnitz, Cremnitz,
Nagybanya, &c. in Hungary, in Alsace and Dauphiny in
France, at Kongsberg in Norway. Some other countries
produce but a small quantity of it, as, for instance, Corn-
wall ; but it is very abundant in Mexico and Peru.

5. It is a valuable mineral for the extraction of silver.
It has been observed that the dark red yields a greater
quantity of silver than the light red variety.

2. HEMI-PRISMATIC RUBY-BLENDE.

One of the varieties commonly comprised among the
Dark Red Silver.

Fundamental form. Scalene four- sided pyramid.
P = { J|p 5i'}, 130° 7', 77° 16'. Inclination

of the axis = 11° 6', in the plane of the long
diagonal. Vol. I. Fig. 41. AP.

a : b : c : d = 5-1 : 9-5 : 8-7 ; 1.

Simple forms. P — oo (b) ; — = 128° 59'; P-f- oo

(/) = 86° <f; - £g! ; - *" '+1 (t) = 47°

2 2

26'; * Pr + g = 28° y.

ORDER XII. HEMI-PRISMATIC RUBY-BLENDE. 43

Char, of Comb. Hemi-prismatic. Inclination of
P — oo on Pr + QD = 101° 6'.

Combination. 1. P — QD. — ?H±-1. P+ QD. Fig.

183. There occur many secondary faces ; the
whole has much the appearance of crystals of he-
mi-prismatic Vitriol-salt.

Cleavage, i Pr + and f r + QD, imperfect. Frac-

2

ture imperfect conchoidal. Surface, deeply streak-
ed parallel to the edges of combination with

* "*" , particularly P — oo and P + QD, as in-

Xi

dicated in the figure ; the pyramids are smooth,
— "*" rough, though even.

Lustre intermediate between metallic and metallic
adamantine. Colour iron-black. Streak dark
cherry-red. Opake, except in thin splinters,
where it transmits a deep blood-red colour.

Very sectile. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr.

- 5-234.

OBSERVATIONS.

I

1. The chemical composition of this species has not been
as yet exactly ascertained. Before the blowpipe it gives
results nearly agreeing with those of rhombohedral Ruby-
blende, but it contains only about 35 ... 40 per cent, of
silver, besides sulphur and antimony. The only speci-
men of it, in the possession of Mr VON WEISSENBACH at
Freiberg, is supposed to have been found in the mine call-
ed Xeue Hoffnung Gottes, at Braunsdorf near Freiberg in

44 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS 11.

Saxony. It consists only of crystals, and is not accompa-
nied by any other nrnera!. *

3. PERITOMOUS RUBY-BLENDE.1

Prismato-rhomboidal Ruby-blende or Cinnabar. JAM.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 435. Man. p. 292. Cinnabar. Sul-
phuret of Mercury. PHILL. p. 358. Zinnober. Queck-
silber-Lebererz. WERN. Hoifm. H. B. III. 2. S. 26.
33. Zinnober. Stinkzinnober. Lebererz. HAUSM. I.
S. 213. 215. 216. Zinnober. LEOXH. S. 187. Mer-
cure sulfure. HAUY. Traite, T. III. p. 437- Tabl.
comp. p. 78. Traite, 2de Ed. T. III. p. 313.

Fundamental form. Hhombohedroq. R = 71° 47'.
Vol. I. Fig. 7. HAUY.

a = V 15-75.

Simple forms. R — x (o) ; R — 2 (u) = 122° 35';
J R — 2 0) = 110° 6' ; J R — 1 (k) = 101°
59'; R— 1 (a)=92°36'; R (P) ; R + <x> (I).

Char, of Comb. RhDmbohedral.

Combinations. 1. R — ^ CD. R-f- x. Almaden,Spain.

2. R_oo. R— 2. |R— 2. R. Idria, Carniola.

3. R — x. £R — 2. R. R + x. Almaden.

4. R — a, R — 2. |R — 2. |R— 1. R— 1.
R. R -f- x. Fig. 125. Almaden.

Cleavage, R + x, highly perfect. Fracture con-
ch oidal. Surface, the rhombohedrons horizontally
streaked, some of them very deeply.

Lustre adamantine, inclining to metallic in dark
coloured varieties. Colour several shades of co-

* I must here mention a finely crystallised specimen in the
possession of Mr BROOKE, which seems to have some proper-
ties analogous to the hemi-prismatic Ruby-blende. Yet its
combinations appear to be tetarto-prismatic, and may there-
fore belong to another species. H.

ORDER XII. FERITOMOUS RUBY-12LENDE. 45

ehineal-red, the darker varieties inclining to lead-
grey. Streak scarlet-red. Semi-transparent ...
translucent on the edges.

Sectiie. Hardness = 2-0 . . . 2-5. Sp. Gr . = 8-098,
the cleavage variety from Neumarktel.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals: face of
composition parallel, axis of revolution perpendicu-
lar to a face of R — oo ; the individuals frequent-
ly continued beyond the face of composition. Rare-
ly in some indistinct imitative shapes. Massive :
composition granular, of various sizes of individuals,
generally small, and often impalpable. In the last
case fracture becomes uneven, even, or flat con-
choidal. Plates, superficial coatings. There is
sometimes a tendency to thin columnar composition,
the mass being friable, and the colour scarlet-red.

OBSERVATIONS;

1. Cinnabar and Quicksilver Liver-Ore or Hepatic Cinna-
bar, which formerly used to be distinguished as two differ-
ent species, in fact do not differ more from each other than
calcareous spar and compact limestone, or crystallised and
compact hexahedral Lead-glance. The Quicksilver Liver-
Ore is a compound variety of Cinnabar, sometimes impure,
and having on that account a streak which is not perfectly
scarlet-red, but inclines to brown. There is a farther sub-
division of each of these two kinds of rhombohedral
Ruby-blende. The dark red Cinnabar comprehends the
crystals, and those compound varieties in which the indi-
viduals are still discernible ; it is generally cochineal-red.
The Irig7tt red Cinnabar is friable, and of a scarlet-red co-
lour. The compact Quicksilver Liver-Ore contains uni-
form massive varieties of a granular composition, consisting
of impalpable individuals. The slaty Quicksilver Liver-

46 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Ore is the same thing, only interrupted by irregularly
streaked smooth faces, which possess a slaty appearance-
These, however, are entirely accidental, and have no re-
lation to the composition itself. These varieties, and the
dark-red Cinnabar, are closely connected by transitions,
as is always the case in well determined species. This
is not so immediately the case in the bright red Cinnabar,
perhaps because the latter seems to have undergone a kind
of disintegration, as the traces of columnar composition
which are often observable, indicate.

2. According to two analyses by KLAPROTH, it con-
sists of

Mercury 84-50 85-00.

Sulphur 14-75 14-25.

Its chemical formula is Hg S2, corresponding to 86-29 of
mercury, and 13-71 of sulphur. The Quicksilver Liver-Ore
contains small quantities of carbon, silica, oxide of iron,
and other foreign admixtures. Before the blowpipe the
pure varieties are entirely volatilised. It is soluble in ni-
tric acid:. It may be obtained in crystalline masses, shew-
ing a columnar composition, on being sublimated.

3. Peritomous Ruby-blende chiefly occurs in beds, ac-
companied by fluid Mercury, and the rare species of do-
decahedral Mercury and pyramidal Pearl-kerate, sometimes
only by rhombohedral L,ime-haloide and rhombohedral
Quarts. Some of its varieties have also been found in
veins, where they occur along with several ores of iron.
It is found besides in small quantities in the beds of brachy-
typous Parachrose-baryte.

4. It occurs in beds in gneiss, at Reichenau in Upper
Carinthia, and at Hartenstein in Saxony ; also at Dum-
brawa in Transylvania, in greywacke. Included in lime-
stone in irregular beds, and in those veins of calcareous
spar which traverse it in all directions, it is found at Her-
magor, Windisch-Kappel, and other places in Carinthia, but
particularly at Neumarktel in Carniola. Its most important
repositories, however, are Idria in Carniola, the Palatinate;

ORDER XIII. PRISM A.TOIDAL SULPHUR. 47

and Almaden in Spain. At Idria it occurs in beds of bitumi-
nous shale, with black Mineral-resin, andxlark grey sandstone,
associated with limestone. It seems that the repositories
of Moschellandsberg, Wolfstein, and Almaden, are much
of the same nature. The peritomous Ruby-blende is found
in veins at Schemnitz, Cremnitz, and Rosenau in Hun-
gary, at Horzowitz in Bohemia, and in the Erzberg near
Eisenerz in Stiria. The Quicksilver Liver-Ore has been
found only at Idria, the bright red Cinnabar at Wolfstein
in the Palatinate. Peritomous Ruby-blende is found be-
sides in considerable quantities in Mexico and Peru, in
China, Japan, &c. ; small quantities are met with in seve-
ral countries.

5. It is used for the extraction of mercury ; but only if
very pure, it may be employed as a pigment in its natural
state.

ORDER XIII. SULPHUR.

GENUS I. SULPHUR.
1. PRISMATOIDAL SULPHUR.

Yellow Orpiment or Prismatoidal Sulphur. JAM. Syst.
Vol. III. p. 455. Prismatoidal Sulphur or Yellow
Orpiment. Man. p. 293. Orpiment. PHILL. p. 277.
Gelbes Rauschgelb. WERJT. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S.
220. Rauschgelb. HAUSM. I. S. 208. Auripigment.
LEONH. S. 168. Arsenic sulfure jaune. HAU Y. Traite',
T. IV. p. 234. Tabl. comp. p. 109. Traite, 2de Ed. T.
IV. p. 247.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 131° 36', 94° 207, 105° 6'. Vol. I. Fig. 7. AP.

a : b : c : = 1 : J 0'8 : V 2-2.

Simple forms. P (P); P + QD = 117° 49^ (?r)*;

(Pr + QD)5 (u) =. 79° 20' ; Pr (o) = 83° 37'*

?r + oo (s) ; Pr + oo.
Char, of Comb, Prismatic.

48 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS II.

Combinations. 1. P. P + QD. (Pr -f oo)3. Sim.
Fig. 36., without n and x.

2. Pr. P. (f r + x)5. Pr + oo. Fig. 17.

3. Pr. P. (Pr)3. P + cc. (Pr+ oo)3. Pr + QD.
All of them from Tajowa, Hungary.

Cleavage, Pr + oo, highly perfect ; the faces of
cleavage are streaked parallel to the edges of in-
tersection with Pr -}- QD, parallel to which there
are likewise some traces of cleavage. Fracture
scarcely observable. Surface, Pr + QD, rough,
but even ; all the other faces are streaked paral-
lel to their edges of combination with P r -f- oo,
and generally uneven.

Lustre metallic-pearly upon the perfect faces ' of
cleavage, for the rest resinous. Colour several
shades of lemon-yellow. Streak lemon-yellow,
generally a little paler than the colour. Semi-
transparent ... translucent on the edges.
Sectile. Thin laminae are highly flexible. Hard-
ness = 1-5 ... 2-0. Sp. Gr. — 3480, a cleav-
able variety.

Compound Varieties. Reniform, botryoidal, and
other imitative shapes : composition curved lamel-
lar, faces of composition commonly rough. Mas-
sive : composition granular, of various sizes of in-
dividuals ; faces of composition uneven, often irre-
gularly streaked.

OBSERVATIONS.

I. Orpiment and Realgar, the prismatoidal and the he-
mi-prismatic Sulphur, are improperly united within one

OHDER XJII. HEMI-PRTSMATIC SULPHUR. 49

and the same species in most mineralogical works. Their
specific difference is obvious in several of their proper-
ties, in the measures of their angles, the character of their -
combinations, and particularly in their cleavage. Eminent
faces of cleavage, like those in the present species, never dis-
appear altogether in simple varieties, and may be observed
even in compound ones, though the particles, of composi-
tion be nearly impalpable. But no trace of such a cleav-
age exists in the following species, and this circumstance
will therefore always yield a sure and palpable, though
not the only character for distinguishing Orpiment from
Realgar.

2. According to KLAPROTH and LAUGIER, the prisma-
toidal Sulphur consists of

Sulphur 38-00 38-14.

Arsenic 62-00 61-86.

Its chemical formula As S3 agrees with 39-08 of sulphur,
and 60-92 of arsenic. Before the blowpipe upon charcoal it
burns with a blue flame, and emits fumes of sulphur and
arsenic. It is soluble in the nitric, muriatic, and sulphuric
acids.

3. The prismatoidal Sulphur is found in imbedded' no-
dules, more rarely in imbedded crystals in blue clay, and is
accompanied by hemi-prismatic Sulphur. In this way it is
met with at Tajowa near Neusohl in Lower Hungarv, in
the neighbourhood of Vienna, and probably also in Wal-
lachia, Servia, and other countries. At Kapnik In Tran-
sylvania, and Felsubanya in Upper Hungary, it occurs m
metalliferous veins with several species of Pyrites, Blende,
and Glance, with native Arsenic, and particularly with he-
mi-prismatic Sulphur. It is found likewise in Natolia,
China, and Mexico.

5. It is used as a pigment.

2. HEMI-PRISMATIC SULPHUR.

Red Orpiment or Ruby Sulphur or Hemi-prismatic Sul-
phur. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 451. Hemi-prismatic
vot. iii^ »

50 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS n.

Sulphur, or Red Orpiment. Man. p. 294. Rothes
Rauschgelb. WERN. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 1. S. 224.
Realgar. HAUSM. I. S. 210. Realgar. LEONH. S. 166.
Arsenic sulfure' rouge. HAL Y. Traite', T. IV. p. 228.
Tabl. comp. p. 109. Traite^ 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 247-

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.

P = { J|JI5y } , 142° 59^ 62° 44'. Inclination

of the axis = 4° 1' in the plane of the long dia-
gonal. Vol. I. Fig. 41. AP.

a : b : c : d = 14-2 : 38-55 : 29-25 : 1.
o- i r P fW ) (130° 1') r>

Simple forms. ± _ { %, } = ( ,3r ^ J ; P + oo

196° 36'

(f r + (3D)3 (^) = 113° 2(X ; (Fr + x)7 (w) =
90° 48' ; (? + QD)^ = 124° 30' ; (Pr -f- oo)5 (v)

= 43° 52'; fr-hoo(.9); Pr + oo (M).
Char, of Comb. Hemi-prismatic. Inclination of
P *- QD on f r -f QO = 86° 59'.

Pr
Combinations. 1. — . — P + oo. Sim. Fig. 44.,

reversed.
9._-|r. — |. P-f-x. (Pr+oo)». Fig. 48.

P (Pr)* _?r _P _ (P

" ~

— {££. P 4- ct>. (Pr + oo)-\ (Pr 4- oo)3.

ORDEEXIH. HEMI-FRISMATIC SULPHUR. 51

(Pr + oc) 5 • P r + oo. Pr + oo. Fig. 184.
All of them from Nagyag, Transylvania.

Pr
Cleavage, — and Pr -f- oo rather perfect ; less

distinct _, P -f oo and f r -f OD ; traces of

(Pr -f oo)3 ; all of them much interrupted. Frac-
ture perfect conchoidal. Surface, the prisms in
the direction of the principal axis streaked paral-
lel to that line, the inclined faces often rough,

p jpr

particularly — — , and almost always _ and

£___; — — is sometimes streaked parallel
2 2

P

to the edges of combination with — — ^.

Lustre resinous. Colour, aurora-red, several shades,
little differing from each other. Streak orange-
yellow ... aurora-red.

Sectile. Hardness = 1 -5 ... 2-0. Sp. Gr. = 3-556,
a semi-transparent crystal.

Compound Varieties. Massive: composition gra-
nular, of various sizes of individuals, strongly con-
nected. Fracture conchoidal, uneven.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to KLAPROTH and LAUGIER, hemi-prisma-
tic Sulphur consists of 4

Sulphur 31-00 30-43.

Arsenic 69-00 69-57.

Its chemical formula is As S2, which requires 29-96 of sul-

52 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS ir.

phur, and 70-04 of arsenic. It gives the same re-actions as
the preceding species.

2. Some of the varieties of hemi-prismatic Sulphur oc-
cur along with the prismatoidal one, in beds of clay, as at
Tajowa in Hungary. It is found in small nodules, along
with tetrahedral. Copper-glance and hexahedral Iron-py-
rites, engaged in dolomite, a granular variety of macroty-
pous Lime-haloide, at St Gothard in Switzerland. More
generally it is met with in metalliferous veins, particularly
with ores of silver and lead, with native Arsenic, several
species of Pyrites, of Bary te, and Haloide, &c. The chief
localities are Kapnik and Nagyag in Transylvania, Felso-
banya in Upper Hungary, Joachimsthal in Bohemia,
Schneeberg in Saxony, Andreasberg in the Hartz, and
many other places. Hemi-prismatic Sulphur is found in
Peru, in the United States of North America, and along
with the preceding species in the- vicinity of several active
volcanoes.

4. The hemi-prismatic Sulphur, like the preceding spe-
cies, is used as a pigment.

3. PRISMATIC SULPHUR.

Prismatic Sulphur. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 459. Man.
p. 295. Sulphur. PHILL. p. SCO. Naturlicher
Schwefel. WERN. Hoffm. H. B. III. 1. S. 252. Schwe-
fel.HAUSM.I.S.61. Schwefel. I>EONH.S. 109. Soufre.
HAUY. Trait^, T. III. p. 277. Tabl. comp. p. 68.
Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 407-
MITSCHERLICH. Ann. de Chimie. Vol. XXIV. p. 264.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid,
P = 106° 38', 84° 58', 143° 1?'. Vol. I. Fig. 7.
MITSCHERLICH.

a : b : c = 1 : V°'2776 : ^0-1 824.

Simple forms. P — oo (r) ; £ P — • % = 142° 4',
133° 3', 62° 9' ; | P — 2 (*) = 127° 1', 113° 11',
90° 15'; P (P), Conil, Spain; P + oo (m) =•

ORDER xiii. PRISMATIC SULPHUlt. 53

101° 59'; £r (n) = 55° 36' ; Pr = 46° 15' ;

Pr + OD (o).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.
Combinations. 1. P — oo. P.

2. P— oo. |P— 2. Pr. P. P+ oo. Fig.18. Sicily.

3. P — oo. | P — 2. | P — 2. Pr. Pr. P.
P -f oc. Artern, Thuringia.

Cleavage, P and P -f oo, imperfect, difficultly ob-
tained, and interrupted. Fracture conchoidal,
sometimes highly perfect. Surface, Pr common-
ly rough, the rest of the faces generally smooth
and shining, possessing nearly the same physical
quality.

Lustre resinous. Colour, several shades of sulphur-
yellow, inclining sometimes to red or green.
Streak sulphur-yellow, passing into white. Trans-
parent ... translucent on the edges.

Sectile. Hardness = 15 . . . 2-5. Sp. Gr. =: 2-072,
crystals from Spain.

Compound Varieties. Twin-crystals : axis of
revolution perpendicular, face of composition paral-
lel to a face of Pr.* Imbedded globules : surface
uneven ; composition impalpable, often impure.
Massive : composition granular, often impalpable,
strongly coherent ; fracture uneven, even, flat con-
choidal. Sometimes pulverulent.

* This kind of regular composition has been observed by Dr
G. HOSE. H.

54 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CtASS II.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. The usual division of the present species into common
and volcanic Sulphur depends upon the geological situation
of their natural repositories. The second kind is a product
of sublimation ; it appears in the shape of crusts, superfi-
cial coatings, stalactites, or also in loose mealy masses ; and
consists generally of columnar particles of composition, not
unfrequently terminating in crystalline points. It occurs
sometimes also in very considerable crystals. Common
Sulphur has been farther subdivided into compact and earthy,
the last of which comprehends those varieties which, on
account of the smallness of the individuals in the granular
compositions, appear as a friable mealy powder.

2. The prismatic Sulphur is the pure sulphur as it oc-
curs in nature, occasionally mixed with bitumen or clay.
It acquires resinous electricity by friction, is easily in-
flammable, and burns with a blue or white flame, and a
pungent smell of sulphurous acid. It is insoluble in water,
but unites readily with potash or soda. It may be obtain-
ed crystallised by sublimation, or still more easily from so-
lutions in liquids. Professor MITSCHERLICH has shewn,
that the forms of sulphur, crystallised from fusion, are in-
compatible with those of the present species. They are
hemi-prismatic, being generally oblique rhombic prisms of
90° 32', the terminal face of which is inclined to the ob-
tuse edge of the prism, which is itself commonly replaced,
at an angle of 95° 46' ; a horizontal prism in the direction
of the short diagonal measures 90° 18'. It occurs almost
always in regular compositions. The crystals are at first
transparent, but they soon become opake. It has not yet
been observed in nature.

3. The prismatic Sulphur is principally met with in
beds of prismatoidal Gypsum-haloide, or in the accompany-
ing strata of clay. It is generally associated with rhom-
bohedral Lime-haloide, and often also with prismatoidal
Hal-baryte. In veins it occurs with pyramidal Copper-
pyrites, hexahedral Lead-glance, hemi-prismatic Sulphur,

ORDER XIII. PRISMATIC SULPHUR. 55

&c. It is deposited from several springs, and in large
quantities from volcanoes. Sometimes it occurs in beds
of bituminous Mineral-coal.

4. Prismatic Sulphur is found in splendid crystals, and
pure massive varieties, also in globular concretions, which,
however, are seldom without earthy or bituminous admix-
tures, in Sicily, and several provinces of Italy. It occurs
in imbedded spheroidal masses of a brown colour, which is
owing to bitumen, at Radoboy near Crapina in Croatia.
Near Cracovia in Poland it is likewise met with in more or
less pure massive varieties and small crystals. The finest
crystals, besides Sicily, are known from Conil near Cadiz
in Spain. Small crystals have been observed investing
the brown coal from Artern in Thuringia. In veins it oc-
curs in Swabia, in Spain, and in Transylvania. The earthy
Sulphur is found in Poland, in Moravia, and other coun-
tries, the volcanic Sulphur in Iceland, near Vesuvius,
in the Solfatara, in fine crystals in Teneriffe, in great
profusion near the volcanoes of Java, and in the vicinity
of most other active volcanoes. Prismatic Sulphur occurs
besides in Savoy, in Piedmont, in Switzerland, at Lauen-
stein in Hanover, in South America, and many other
countries.

5. Prismatic Sulphur requires to be purified, either by
melting or by sublimation, for rendering it fit to be an ob-
ject of commerce. It is used in the manufacture of gun-
powder, of cinnabar, of several pharmaceutical preparations,
of sulphuric acid, and various other articles.

CLASS III.

BESIN. COAL.

PRDER I. RESIN.

GENUS!. MELICHRONE*-RESIN.

1. PYRAMIDAL MEL1CHRONE-RESIN.

Pyramidal Honeystone. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 467.
Pyramidal Mellilite or Honeystone. Man. p. 29G.
Mellite. PHILL. p. 374. Honigstein. "\\EHN. Hoff'm.
H. B. III. 1. S. 334. Honigstein. HAUSM. III. S.
811. Honigstein. LEONH. S. 648. Mellite. HAUY.
Trait^, T. III. p. 335. Tabl. comp. p. 72. Traite' 2de
Ed. T. IV. p. 445.

Fundamental form. Isosceles four-sided pyramid.
T = 118° 4'5 93° 22'. Vol. I. Fig. 8. HAUY.

a = V 1-125.

Simple forms, P — • oo (o); P — 1 (t) = 130° 55',

73° 44'; P(^); [P+oo]fe).
Char, of Comb. Pyramidal,
Combinations. 1. P — oo. P. Sim. Fig. 92.

2. P. [P + x]. 3. P — QD. P— 1. P.

[P + oc]. Fig. 105. All of them from Artern.

* From tuxi%{ts9 having the colour of honey.

OKDEU f.. YELLOW MINEHAL-ftESIN. 57

Cleavage, P, very difficult. Fracture conchoidal.
Surface, P — oo rough and curved, P — 1
rough, P and [P -f- oo] smooth and shining.

Lustre resinous, inclining to vitreous. Colour honey-
yellow, inclining often to red or brown. Streak

. white. Transparent ...translucent.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-0... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 1-597.

Compound Varieties. Small massive nodules :
composition granular,

OBSERVATIONS.

1. According to KLAPROTH, the present species con-
sists of

Alumina 1C -00.

Mellitic Acid 46-00.

Water 33-00.

It loses colour and transparency, when exposed to the flame
of a candle, and is soluble in nitric acid.

2. It does not frequently occur in nature, as there is only
one well authenticated locality of it, Artern in Thuringia,
where it is found in a bed of brown coal, which is nearly
earthy, sometimes accompanied by small crystals of pris-
matic Sulphur. It has been quoted from Switzerland.

Grans II. MINERAL-RESIN.

1. YELLOW MINER AL-RESIN.

Yellow Mineral Resin or Amber. JAM. Syst. Vol. III.
p. 470. Man. p. 297. Amber. PHILL. p. 373. Bern-
stein. WERX. Hoffm. H. B. III. 1. S. 324. Born-
stein. HAUSU. I. S. 92. Bernstein. LEOXH. S. C64.
Succin. HATTY. Traite, T. III. p. 327. Tabl. comp.
p. 71- Traite, 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 4?3.

Irregular forms, grains and spheroidal masses.

58 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS III.

Cleavage none. Fracture conchoidal. Surface un-
even and rough.

Lustre resinous. Colour yellow prevalent, passing
into red, brown, and white. Streak white. Trans-
parent . . . translucent.

Not very brittle. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp.
Gr. = 1-081, a honey-yellow variety. Resinous
electricity produced by friction.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Two subspecies have been distinguished in Amber, ac-
cording to their lustre and transparency. Yellow Amber
contains yellow and red varieties, possessing the highest
degrees of transparency to be met with in the species,
while white Amber refers to white and pale yellow faintly
translucent varieties. Often, however, both kinds are join-
ed in one and the same specimen, and pass insensibly into
each other, which demonstrates their identity.

2. According to DRAPPIER, it consists of

Carbon 80-59.

Hydrogen 7-31.

Oxygen G-73.

Lime 1-54.

Alumina 1-10.

Silica 063.

It burns with a yellow flame, giving out an agreeable odour,
and leaves a carbonaceous residue. It is soluble in alcohol.

3. The yellow Mineral-resin no doubt derives its origin
from the vegetable kingdom. This receives an additional
evidence by the insects and other organic bodies which it
includes. It is found in beds of bituminous wood, from
which it is disengaged by the action of the waves on the
sea coast, and then thrown out or taken with nets.

4. The greatest quantity of the present species is obtain-
ed on the Prussian coasts of the Baltic, also on the coasts
of Courland, Livonia, romerania, and Denmark. But it

OHDER I. BLACK MIXERAT.-RESIN. 50

has been found also, generally engaged in bituminous wood,
in Sicily, in Spain, near Paris in France, in Greenland, in
China, and other countries.

5. It is cut into various ornaments and works of art, it
enters the composition of certain kinds of varnish, and
serves for fumigation. Considerable value is attached to
large specimens which are transparent.

2. BLACK MINERAL-RESIN.

Black Mineral Resin. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 481. Man.
p. 298. Mineral Oil. Bitumen. Mineral Pitch. PHILL.
p. 366. 368. Erdol. Erdpech. WEKN. Hoffm. H. B.
III. 1. S. 266. 270. IV. 2. S. 137. Bergpech. Elaterit.
Bergtheer. Naphtha. HAUSM. I. S. 85. 87. 88. 89.
Erdfll. Elaterit. Asphalt. LEOXH. S. 678. 680. 681.
Bitume. HAUY. Traite', T. III. p. 310. Tabl. comp.
p. 70. Traite, 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 452.

Aggregation solid, or fluid, and all the intermediate
stages. No regular form. Stalactitic shapes :
surface smooth. Massive.

Fracture conchoidal, more or less perfect, uneven.

Lustre resinous. Colour black prevalent, but pas-
sing also into various brown and red tints. Fluid
varieties are sometimes perfectly colourless.
Streak commonly unchanged, sometimes lighter
than the colour. Translucent on the edges,
opake ; some fluid varieties are transparent.

Sectile, malleable, elastic. Bituminous odour.
Hardness = 0-0 ... 2-0. Sp. Gr. = 0-828,
brown, malleable; nr 1-073, black, slaggy;
1-1 GO, hyacinth-red, slaggy.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Mineral Oil and Mineral Pitch, generally considered
as two distinct species, are included hi the black Mineral-

C!0

CXASS III.

resin, as they scarcely differ in any thing but in their state
of aggregation, which, however, from the perfectly fluid
to the solid varieties, forms an uninterrupted series. The
mineral oil is first inspissated, and then it is changed
into mineral pitch by exposure to the air. Mineral pitch
has been divided into elastic, earthy, and slaggy. The first
is distinguished by its elasticity, which, however, it loses
on exposure to the air, the fracture of the second is earthy^
that of the third more or less perfectly conchoidal, and
corresponding to the degrees of lustre it possesses. All
these varieties are joined by transitions.

2. The fluid variety of the present species, called Naph-
tha, consists, according to THOMSON and SAUSSURE, of

Carbon 82-20 87'60.

Hydrogen 14-80 12-78.

Mineral oil is. easily inflammable, and burns with a white
flame and much smoke. Also the mineral pitch is very
inflammable, and burns with a bituminous smell ; some
varieties melt in a higher temperature.

3. The fluid varieties of the present species ooze out of
several rocks, as sandstone, slaty clay, &c., or they are
found on the surface of springs and other waters. The
elastic varieties occur only in the repositories of hexahedral
Lead-glance in limestone rocks ; the earthy ones in beds
associated with limestone, and probably included in some
of the coal formations. The slaggy varieties are often in-
cluded in nodules in limestone, in agate balls, in veins,
with hexahedral Lead-glance, octahedral Fluor-haloide,
&c. ; also in beds. It is met with on the shores and in the
waters of the Dead Sea.

4. Fluid varieties have been found in various districts of
Italy, in Sicily, in Zante, in the Caspian Sea, in Persia,
and other countries in Asia ; also, though in smaller quanti-
ties, in Westphalia and Alsace. Elastic mineral pitch,
sometimes called Mineral Caoutchouk, has been hitherto *
found only at Castleton in Derbyshire. Earthy mineral
pitch is found near Neufchatel in Switzerland, at Grund
in the Hartz, in Dalrnatia, &c. ; the slaggy varieties occur

ORDER II. BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL. 01

forming nodules in limestone at Bleiberg in Carinthia, im-
bedded in sandstone in Albania, in great profusion in the
island of Trinidad. It is found in veins in the Iberg near
Grund in the Hartz, in Derbyshire, and other places.

5. The different varieties of the present species allow
of considerable application for illuminating, for fuel, in fire-
works, in the manufacture of varnish, of black sealing-war,
and for other purposes.

ORDER II. COAL.

GENUS I. MINERAL-COAL.

1. BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL.

Brown Coal (excepting Alum-Earth). Black Coal. JAM.
Syst. Vol. III. p. 495. 507- Bituminous Mineral Coal
(excepting Alum-Earth). Man. p. 301. Black Coal.
Common Coal. Cannel Coal. Jet. Brown Coal. PHILL.
p. 370. 371. 372. Braunkohle (excepting Alaunerde).
Schwarzkohle (excepting Stangenkohle). WERN. HofFm.
H. B. III. 1. S. 2/7. 29 1. Schwarzkohle. Braunkohle.
HAUSM. I. S. 73. 77- Pechkohle. Blatterkohle. Kan-
nelkohle. Grobkohle. Husskohle. Braunkohle. JBitummo-
ses Holz. Moorkohle. Erdkohle. Papierkohle. L.EONH.
S. 669. 670. 671. 672. 673. 675. 6/6. 677. Houille.
Jayet. HAUY. Traite', T.III. p. 316. 324. Houille (ex-
cepting H.bacillaire). Jayet. Tabl.comp. p. 71. Traite',
2de Ed. T. IV. p. 459. 4*70.

No regular form or structure. Fracture concboidal,
uneven.

Lustre resinous, more or less distinct. Colour,
black or brown, passing in earthy varieties into
greyish tints. Streak unchanged, except that it
sometimes becomes shining. Opake.

Sectile, in different degrees. Hardness = 1-0 ... 2-5.
Sp. Gr. = 1-2S3, moor-coal from Teplitz ;
= 1-&70, common brown coal from Eibiswald in

62 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS ill.

Stiria ; = 1-271, black coal from Newcastle;

= 1 -288, bituminous wood ; 1 -329, common brown

coal from Leoben in Sdria ; 1-423, cannel coal

from Wigan in Lancashire.

Compound Varieties. Massive: composition la-
mellar, faces of composition smooth and even, dif-
ferent gradations ; granular texture, often impal-
pable, and then fracture is uneven, even, or flat
conchoidal. Ligniform shapes, the structure of
which resembles that of wood, sometimes very dis-
tinct, but often obliterated, with the exception of some
slight traces. Fracture then becomes conchoidal,
particularly across the fibres. There are some
earthy varieties of a loose friable texture.

OBSERVATIONS.

I. In the present species of bituminous Mineral-coal are
comprised the Drown Coal and the Black Coal of WERNER,
excepting the columnar coal, which must be referred to
the following species. These two kinds, however, and
still more so the varieties which they contain, are very
difficult to be ascertained. Colour, structure, and the kind
of lustre which depends upon the latter, are almost all that
remain for their distinction. The colour of Brown Coal,
as the name imports, is brown ; it possesses a ligneous
structure, or consists of earthy particles ; the colour of Black
Coal is black, not inclining to brown, and it does not possess
the structure of wood. The varieties of Brown Coal are
the following : Bituminous Wood, which presents a ligneous
texture, and very seldom any thing like conchoidal frac-
ture, imperfect, and without lustre ; Earthy Coal, consist-
ing of loose friable particles ; Moor Coal, or Trapezoidal
Brown Coal, distinguished by the want of ligneous struc-
ture, by the property of bursting and splitting into angular

ORDER II. BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL. 63

fragments, when removed from its original repository, and
the low degree of lustre upon its imperfect conchoidal frac-
ture ; Common Brown Coal, which, though it still shews
traces of ligneous texture, is of a more firm consistency
than the rest of the varieties, and possesses higher degrees
of lustre upon its more perfect conchoidal fracture. Some
, varieties of Black coal immediately join those of Brown
coal. They are : Pitch Coal, of a velvet-black colour, ge-
nerally inclining to brown, strong lustre, and presenting in
every direction large and perfect conchoidal fracture. Slate
Coal possesses a more or less coarse slaty structure, which,
however, seems to be rather a kind of lamellar composition,
than real fracture. Foliated Coal is similarly compound,
only the laminae are thinner, and Coarse Coal has a compo-
sition resembling it, only the component particles are
smaller, and approach to a granular appearance. Cannel
Coal is without visible composition, and has a flat con-
choidal fracture in every direction, with but little lustre,
by which it is distinguished from Pitch-coal. It is most
like the Moor coal, but the difference in their specific gra-
vity is greater than between almost any other two varie-
ties of coal. All these kinds are joined by numerous transi-
tions, so that it often becomes doubtful to which of them
we should ascribe certain specimens, though they undoubt-
edly are bituminous Mineral-coal.

2. The preceding varieties of coal consist of bitumen and
carbon in various proportions. They are more or less
easily inflammable, and burn with flame and a bituminous
smelL Several varieties become soft, and others coak,
when kindled. They leave a more ox less considerable
earthy residue.

3. The varieties called slate coal, foliated coal, coarse
coal, cannel coal, and pitch coal, occur chiefly in the coal for-
mation ; some varieties of pitch -coal, also the moor-coal,
bituminous wood and common brown coal, are met with in
the formations above the chalk ; the earthy coal, and some
varieties of bituminous wood and common brown coal, are
often included in diluvial and alluvial detritus. The eoal

61 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS in.

seams alternate with beds of slaty clay and common clay,
sandstone, limestone, sand, &c. They are often associated
with vegetable organic remains, in slaty clay, sometimes
also with shells. Generally there is some hexahedral or
prismatic Iron-pyrites intermixed along with them, and
they are traversed by veins, generally narrow, of hexahe-
dral Lead-glance.

4. The bituminous Mineral-coal is so universally distri-
buted, that only a few localities can here be mentioned as
examples. Bituminous wood is found in considerable quan-
tity in Iceland, and is- called Surturbrand ; in the Meissner
mountain in Hessia, in the Westerwald, at Voitsberg in
Stiria, at Bovey in Devonshire. Earthy coal is found at
Merseburg, HaHe, Bernburg, at Eisleben in Thuringia.
Moor coal occurs in the northern districts of Bohemia, as
at Elbogen, Carlsbad, Teplitz, &c. also at Kaltennordheim.
Common brown coal occurs in immense quantities on the
river Sau, and on the foot of the Schwamberg Alps in
Lower Stiria, at Judenburg, Leoben, and other places in
Upper Stiria, in the Meissner in Hessia. Pitch coal is
likewise found in the Meissner, at Planitz and .Zwickau
in Saxony, in Silesia, on the Rhine, in France ; slaty coal
at Potschappel in Saxony, in Silesia, in Westphalia, but
particularly at Newcastle, Whitehaven, and other places
in England and Scotland. Foliated coal is raised at
Potschappel, at Lobegun near Halle on the Saale, also
at Haring in the Tyrol, at Liege ; coarse coal at Neustadt
in the Hartz, at Potschappel in Saxony, in Silesia, &c. ;
and the cannel-coal particularly in Lancashire and Shrop-
shire in England, and in Scotland.

5. The important use of the bituminous Mineral-coal is
well known. The cannel-xxjal is worked into buttons, snuff-
boxes, &c.

2. NON-BITUMINOUS MINERAL-COAL.

Glance Coal (excepting the first subsp.). JAM. Syst. Vol.
III. p. 515. Man. p. 305. Mineral Cai'bon. Mineral
Charcoal. Anthracite. Blind Coal. PHILL. p. 364 365-.

OBDEB II. NON- BITUMINOUS MINERAL- COAL. 65

Stangenkohle. Glanzkohle. WERJT. Hoffm. H. B. III.
1. S. 295. 314. Anthrazit. HAUSM. I. S. 70. Koh-
lenblende. Glanzkohle. Stangenkohle. LEOXH. S. 667.
668. 672. Anthracite. HAUY. Traite*, T. III. p. 307.
TabL comp. p. 69. Traite', 2de Ed. T. IV. p. 440.

No regular form or structure. Fracture conchoidal,

often perfect.
Lustre imperfect metallic. Colour iron-black,

sometimes inclining to greyish-black. Streak

unchanged. Opake.
Not very brittle. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp.

Gr. =r 1-400, columnar coal from Meissner ;

= 1-482, glance coal from Schonfeld, in Saxony.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition la-
mellar, faces of composition either smooth and shin-
ing, or rough ; generally impalpable, fracture con-
choidal, more or less perfect. Some varieties are
vesicular, others divided into columnar masses,
meeting in rough faces.

OBSERVATIONS.

1. Besides Glance-Coal, the present species contains
also the Columnar Coal, which in the Wernerian system is
comprised in the species of Black Coal, to which, however,
it does not belong. The Columnar Coal in particular is re-
markable for its irregular columnar composition, which is
probably produced by fissures, and the low degree of lustre
in its fracture. Glance-coal has been divided into Con.
choidal and Slaty Glance-Coal, the latter of which in parti-
cular is designated by the name of Anthracite. The first
of them possesses a perfect conchoidal fracture, the second
is compound like Slate CoaL

2. The varieties of the present species do not contain any
bitumen, but consist wholly of carbon, occasionally mixed
with variable proportions of oxide of iron, silica, and alu-

VOL. HI. E

66 PHYSIOGRAPHY. CLASS III.

mina. They are difficultly inflammable, and burn without
smoke, flame, or bituminous smell, leaving a more or less
considerable earthy residue.

3. The non-bituminous Mineral-coal is less frequent than
> the bituminous one. It very often occurs included in more

ancient rocks ; but some varieties are found in secondary
strata. It is sometimes met with in veins traversing trap
rocks.

4. The columnar coal is principally found on the Meissner
in Hessia, along with the conchoidal Glance-coal, forming
the uppermost division of a bed of bituminous wood, cover-
ed by basalt. It is said also to have been found in Dum-
friesshire, and other districts of Scotland. Besides the
Meissner, the conchoidal Glance-coal occurs at Schonfeld
near Frauenstein in Saxony ; in the neighbourhood of Spa ;
also in Ayrshire in Scotland, and in Staffordshire in Eng-
land. The slaty Glance-coal is found in considerable quan-
tity at Schonfeld ; also at Lischwitz near Gera in Saxony,
in Savoy, at Kongsberg in Norway, in the isle of Arran
and other places in Scotland, as, for instance, in the trap
rocks of the Calton hill near Edinburgh.

5. On account of its difficult inflammability, the employ,
ment of the non-bituminous Mineral-coal is less general
than that of the bituminous one ; yet it has been used for
burning lime, in the process of refining iron, &c.

6. The Mineral Charcoal seems to be most nearly allied
to the present species. It occurs in thin layers and mas-
sive specimens, of a very delicate columnar composition,
and presenting on that account a kind of silky lustre. It
is greyish-black or velvet-black, and inclosed in the varie-
ties of bituminous Mineral-coal, particularly slate-coal and
brown-coal. It occurs in many districts of Bohemia, Sax-
ony, Silesia, England, &c. At Voitsberg in Stiria it is very
plentiful in bituminous wood.

APPENDIX I.

MINERALS, THE GEEATER PART OF WHICH WILL PROBABLY
FORM IN FUTURE DISTINCT SPECIES IN THE MINERAL
SYSTEM.

ACMITE.
SPAR.

Achmite. STROM. Edinb. PhiL Journ. Vol. IX. p. 55.

Hemi-prismatic. Combination observed similar to
Fig. 186.* Inclination of M on M over r = 86°
56', angle abc = 28° 19', MITSCHERLICH ; s on s
= 119° 3CX, edge between s and s on r = 106°,
AP. Twin-crystals compound parallel to r.

Cleavage, distinct parallel to M, also to r and /
and s. Fracture imperfect conchoidal. Surface,
r irregularly streaked in a longitudinal direction,
the rest of the faces pretty even, but not very
smooth.

Lustre vitreous. Colour brownish-black. Streak
pale yellowish-grey. Opake, very thin edges are
translucent, and shew a fine yellowish-brown tint.

Brittle. Hardness = 6-0 ... 6-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-24,
STROM.

• In the cabinet of Mr ALLAN.

68 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

It resembles paratomous Augite-spar in a remarkable de-
gree, particularly in regard to form and regular composi-
tion. It has been found by BERZELIUS to consist of

Silica 65-25.

Oxide of Iron 31-25.

Oxide of Manganese 1-08.

Lime 0-72.

Soda 10-40.

It melts readily before the blowpipe, into a black globule.
It is found at Eger in Norway, imbedded in granite.
Its name is derived from «*^»j a point, from the form of
the crystals.

ALLANITE.
ORE.

Allanite. THOMSON. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. Vol. VI.
p. 371. Prismatic Cerium-Ore or Allanite. JAM. Syst.
VoL III. p. 181. Man. p. 319. Allanite (in part).
PHILL. p. 264.

Tetarto-prismatic. Combination observed similar
to Fig. 185. Inclination of r on M = 129°,
r on P= 116°, Mon P = 115° ; s on r = 135^°,
d on r = 1244°, y on r = 109°, * on x = 156f °,
x on t = 164J°, x on y = 151°, tony = 166 J°,
AP.

Cleavage parallel to r and P indistinct. Fracture
imperfect conchoidal.

Lustre imperfect metallic. Colour brownish- or
greenish-black. Streak greenish-grey. Opake,
faintly translucent in thin splinters, and brown.

Brittle. Hardness = 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 4 001, BOURNON^

Allanite froths before the blowpipe, and melts imperfect-
ly into a black scoria. It gelatinises in nitric acid, and
consists, according to Dr THOMSON, of

A1LOPHANE. 69

Oxide of Cerium 33-90.

Oxide of Iron 25-40.

Silica 35-40.

Lome 9-20.

Alumina 4-10.

It was discovered at Alluk in East Greenland, by Sir
CHARLES GIESECKE, and first observed by Mr ALLAN.
It is accompanied by pyramidal Zircon, rhombohedral
Quartz, &c.

ALLOPHANE.

Allophane. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 531. Man. p. 181. Al-
lophane. PHILL. p. 88.

Reniform, botryoidal, massive : composition impalp-
able. Fracture conchoidal.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
blue, green, brown. Transparent ... translucent
on the edges.

Hardness = 30 nearly. Sp. Gr. = 1-852 ... 1-889,
STROMEYER.

Without addition it is infusible before the blowpipe.
With borax it melts into a transparent, colourless glass. It
consists, according to STROMEYER, of

Alumina 32-202.

Silica 21-922.

Lime 0-730.

Sulphate of Lime 0-517.

Carbonate of Copper 3-058.

Hydrate of Iron 2-270.

Water 41-301.

It is found at Saalfeld in Thuringia, in the mining dis-
trict of Schneeberg in Saxony, and other places. It was
first described by Professor STROMEYER.

70 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ALUMINITE.

Aluminite. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 55. Man. p. 314. Alu-
minite. PHILL. p. 145.

Reniform, massive : composition impalpable. Sur-
face dull. Fracture fine grained and earthy.
Friable.

Colour white. Streak white, a little glimmering.
It soils. Opake.

Sp.'Gr. = 1-669, SCHEEBEB.

It is difficultly fusible. In acids it is readily dissolved,
and does not effervesce. It imbibes water, but does not
fall into pieces. According to STROMEYEK, it consists of

from Halle, from Netvha-ven.
Alumina 30-262 29-868.

Sulphuric Acid 23-365 23-270.

Water 46-327 46-762.

It occurs at Halle on the Saale in Prussia, in beds of
plastic clay, and also near Newhaven in Sussex in lime-
stone.

AMBLYGONITE.

SPAR.

Amblygonite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 532. Man. p. 316.
Amblygonite. PHILL. p. 198.

Prismatic. P + oo = 106° 10'. Cleavage, P + OD.
Fracture uneven.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to pearly. Colour green-
ish-white, passing into light mountain- and celan-
dine-green. Streak white. Semi-transparent , . .
translucent.

Hardness = 6-0, BREITHAUPT. Sp. Gr. = 3-00
... 3'04<, BREITHAUPT.

ANORTHTTE. 71

Before the blowpipe it is easily fusible, intumesces, and
is converted into a white enamel. According to BERZE-
LITJS, it consists of alumina, the phosphoric and fluoric
acids, and lithia, in greater quantities than any other mineral.

It has hitherto been found only at Chursdorf near Penig
in Saxony, where it occurs in granite, along with rhombo-
hedral Tourmaline and prismatic Topaz. It was first dis-
covered to be a particular species by Mr BBEITHAUPT.

ANORTHITE.

FELD-SPAR.

Anorthit G. ROSE. Gilberts Annalen der Physik. 1 823*
St. 2. p. 173.

Tetarto-prismatic. Simple forms and combinations,
also the regular compositions exactly similar to
those of Albite, p. 255., represented in Figs.
84-87. Dr ROSE gives the following measure-
ments of the angles.

I on M =122° 2'. y on P (over x) = 9S° 29'.

Ton I = 120° 30'. P on M (over *) = 85° 48'.

Ton M =117° 28'. P on M (opposite) = 94° 12'.

Pon T = 110° 57'. s on M = 115° 20'.

* on P = 128° 27'. P on « = 133° 13'.

Cleavage perfect parallel to P and M ; none paral-
lel to T. Fracture conchoidal. Surface of T
more smooth than of I.

Lustre pearly upon cleavage planes, vitreous in
other directions. Colour white. Streak white.
Transparent ... translucent

Brittle. Hardness = 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-763, mas-
sive ; = £-656 small crystals, apparently not en-
tirely free from pyroxene. ROSE.

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

According to Dr G. ROSE, it consists of

Silica 44*49.

Alumina 34*46.

Oxide of Iron 074.

Lime 15-68.

Magnesia 5*26.

Before the blowpipe it comports itself nearly like prismatic
Feld-spar, Albite, and Labradorite, only that with soda it
does not give a clear glass. It is entirely decomposed by
concentrated muriatic acid.

The only locality of Anorthite is Mount Vesuvius ; it is
found lining cavities in limestone, along with a green va-
riety of paratomous Augite-spar.

APHRITE.

Aphrite. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 543. Man. p. 48.
Aphrite. PHILL. p. 150.

Prismatic. Cleavage monotomous, very distinct.

Massive : composition granular, sometimes scaly,

sometimes not coherent.
Lustre pearly upon the faces of cleavage. Colour

white. Streak white. Opake.
Sectile. Feels fine, not greasy. Soils a little.

Hardness = 0-5 ... 1-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-533.

It effervesces violently with nitric acid, and is completely
dissolved. The friable varieties readily absorb water, du-
ring which they give a crackling noise. According to
BUCHOLZ, it consists of

Lime 51-500.

Silica 5-715.

Oxide of Iron 3-285.

Carbonic Acid 39-000.

Water 1-000.

It occurs at Rubiz near Gera in Saxony, upon the Meiss-

ARGENTIFEROUS COPPER-GLANCE. 73

ner in Hessia, and in several places in the county of Mans.
feld. It is found in those varieties of secondary limestone,
which have been called Rauchwacke and Asche, and is some-
times accompanied by, and intermixed with, prismatoidal
Gypsum-haloide.

ARFVEDSONITE.

SPAR.

Arfvedsonite. BROOKE. Ann. of Phil. No. XXIX. p. 381.
PHILL. p. 377-

Cleavage, a rhombic prism of 123° 55', with bril-
liant faces.
Colour black. Sp. Gr. = 344, BROOKE.

It resembles hemi-prismatic Augite-spar, and is general-
ly considered as a ferriferous variety of it. It accompanies
the dodecahedral Kouphone-spar from Greenland, and black
paratomous Augite-spar, with which it is grouped with pa-
rallel axes, in the same manner as amphibole and pyroxene
in several varieties of diallage. It has not been analysed,
but according to Mr CHILDREN (Ann. of Phil. XUII. p.
37.), it melts easily into a black globule, if exposed in the
platina forceps to the blast of the blowpipe. With borax
it gives a glass coloured by iron ; with salt of phosphorus
likewise, but paler, and becoming colourless on cooling ; a
dark grey silica skeleton remains undissolved.

ARGENTIFEROUS COPPER-GLANCE.

GLANCE.

Argentiferous Copper-Glance. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 551.
Man. p. 321. Sulphuret of Silver and Copper. PHILL.
p. 293.

Massive : composition impalpable.
Fracture flat conchoidal, even.

74 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak

shining.
Perfectly sectile. Soft. Sp.Gr. =6-255, STROMEYER.

Constituent parts, according to STROMEYER,
Silver 52-272.
Copper 30-478.
Iron 0-333.

Sulphur 15-782.

It occurs along with pyramidal Copper-pyrites, rhombo-
hedral Lime-haloide and rhorabohedral Quartz at Schlangen-
berg in Siberia, and is very rare. It was first described by
Professors HAUSMANN and STROMEYER.

ARSENICAL BISMUTH.

Arsenik-Wismuth. WERN. Syst. S. 56.

Implanted globular shapes, massive : composition
thin columnar, impalpable, also curved lamellar.
Fracture imperfect conchoidal or uneven.

Lustre resinous. Colour dark hair-brown.

Rather brittle. Soft. Heavy.

It decrepitates briskly before the blowpipe, emits an ar.
senical odour, and is finally converted into a glass, which
effervesces with borax.

It occurs at Schneeberg in Saxony.

ATACAMITE.
MALACHITE.

Prismatic Atacamite, JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 343. Man. p.
104. Muriate of Copper. PHILL. p. 313.

Prismatic. Combinations somewhat resembling
Fig. 21. ; often only the faces o and d, producing
a combination like Fig. 1. Inclination of o on &

BABISGTOXITE. 75

(adjacent) = 107° 1(X; of d on d (adj.) =

45' ; of M on M (over o) = 80°, # on s (over

jlf ) = 127° 7'. PHILLIPS. Reniform, massive :

composition columnar.
Cleavage, perfect parallel to P9 less distinct paral-

lel to M.
Colours olive-, leek-, grass-, emerald-, and blackish-

green. Streak apple-green. Nearly transparent

... translucent on the edges.
Rather brittle. Hardness =^ 3-0 ... 3-5. Sp. Gr. =

4-43, LEONHARD.

It communicates bright blue and green colours to the
flame of a candle, or if exposed to the blast of the blow-
pipe, it developes vapours of muriatic acid, and melts at last
into a globule of copper. It is soluble without efferves-
cence in nitric acid. It consists, according to PHOUST and
KLAPROTH, of

Oxide of Copper 76-595 73-00.

Muriatic Acid 10-638 10-10.

Water 12-767 16-90.

It is chiefly brought from Chili and Peru, but is also
found in Europe, as in the repositories of Iron-ore at
Schwarzenberg in Saxony, and upon lava in the neigh-
bourhood of Mount Vesuvius. It is often produced when
metallic copper or copper-ores have been exposed to the
action of the atmosphere, or of sea-water.

BABINGTONITE.
SPAR.

Babingtonite. LEVY. Ann. of Phil. XL. p. 275.
Tetarto-prismatic. Combination observed, repre-
sented Fig. 187. Angles, according to LEVY :

76 PHYSIOGRAPHY".

p on m = 92° 34' ; p on t = 88C, * on h = 155°
25', m on * = 112° 30', TO" on A = 137° 5', j>
on d = 150° 25', g on m = 132° 15', 7t on g
= 89° 2(X.

Cleavage distinct, parallel to ^? and t. Fracture
imperfect conchoidal.

Lustre vitreous. Colour black, often greenish,
thin splinters are faintly translucent, and of a
green colour perpendicular to p, of a brown co-
lour parallel to it. In larger crystals it appears
opake. Hardness = 5*5 ... 6-0.

It resembles certain dark coloured varieties of parato-
mous Augite-spar. According to Mr CHILDREN, it is
composed of silica, iron, manganese, and lime, with a trace
of titanium. It occurs at Arendal in Norway in small crys-
tals disposed on the surface of crystals of Albite.

BARYTO-CALCITE.
HAL-BARYTE.

Baryto-Calcite. BROOKE. Ann. of Phil. XLIV. p. 114.
Edin. Journ. of Science. Vol. I. p. 378.

Hemi-prismatic. Combinations similar to Fig. 44.
and Fig. 188. Inclination of M on M — 106°
54', h on P (over a) = 106° 8', P on M =
102° 54', according to BROOKE ; b on b = 95°
15', /* on the edge between b and b = 119°, P
on the same edge = 135°, c on c = 145° 54', d
on d over h = 68°. It is also found massive, in
granular compositions.

Cleavage perfect, parallel to M, less easily obtained

BEKGMANN1TE. 77

though perfect parallel to P. Fracture uneven,
imperfect conchoidal. Surface, Ji striated parallel
to the edges of combination with J/, the vertical
prisms parallel to the axis.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
white, greyish, yellowish, or greenish. Streak
white. Transparent ... translucent.

Hardness = 4O. Sp. Gr. = 3-66, CHILDREN.

It does not melt alone before the blowpipe, but gives a
clear globule with borax. It consists, according to Mr
CHILDREN, of

Carbonate of Barytes 65-9.
Carbonate of Lime 33-6.
It sometimes gives traces of iron and manganese.

It occurs in pretty considerable quantities at Alston
Moor in Cumberland, both massive and crystallised.

The discovery of Baryto-Calcite is in particular favour-
able to shew the advantages of a systematic nomenclature.
Upon examining its characters and resemblance to other
species, it is immediately arranged with the genus Hal-ba-
ryte, and must therefore assume the denomination of the
hemi-prismatic Hal-baryte.

BERGMANNITE.

SPAR.

Bergmannite. JAM. Man. p. 317- Var. of pyramidal Fel-
spar or Scapolite. Syst. VoL II. p. 43. Bergmannite.
PHILL. p. 200.

Massive: composition thin columnar, or promiscuous.
Lustre pearly. Colour several tints of grey, pass-
ing into white and brick- red. Opake.
Not very brittle. Soft, passing into semi-hard,

78 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

BUEITHAUPT. Scratches glass, and even quartz,
HAUY. Sp. Gr. = 2-300, SCHUMACHEE.

Before the blowpipe it becomes white, and then melts
without effervescence into a colourless glass. It occurs
in the neighbourhood of Stavern in Norway, along with
prismatic Feld-spar.

BISMUTHIC SILVER.
GLANCE ?

Bismuthic Silver. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 554. Man-
p. 318. Bismuthic Silver. PHILL. p. 294.

Acicular and capillary crystals. Massive : compo-
sition impalpable. Fracture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour light lead-grey, subject
to be tarnished. Opake.

Sectile. Soft.

It melts readily before the blowpipe, covers the charcoal
with an areola of the oxides of lead and bismuth, and final-
ly yields a silver button. It is dissolved in dilute nitric acid,
and, according to KLAPROTH, consists of

Lead 33-00.

Bismuth 27'00.

Silver 15-00.

Iron 4-30.

Copper 0-90.

Sulphur 1G-30.

It has been found at Schapbach in Baden, along with seve-
ral minerals of the orders Pyrites and Glance, and also with
rhombohedral Quartz. It is used as an ore of silver.

BLACK COBALT OCHRE.

Black Cobalt-Ochre. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 198. Man.
p. 111. Earthy Cobalt. PHILL. p. 28 J.

BLOEDITE. 79

Botryoidal, stalactitic, massive : composition impal-
pable. Fracture conchoidal ... very fine earthy.

Colour blueish and brownish-black, blackish-brown.
Streak shining, even in friable varieties, with a
somewhat resinous lustre. Opake.

Sectile. Soils but little. Soft, sometimes passing
into very soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-200, of the botryoidai
compound variety from Saalfeld, BREITHAUPT.

Before the blowpipe it gives out an arsenical smell, and
colours borax smalt blue. It consists of the oxides of co-
balt and manganese.

It occurs at Saalfeld, Kamsdorf, and Gliicksbrunn in
Thuringia ; at Riechelsdorf in Hessia, in the principality
of Furstenberg, in different mineral repositories, which also
contain several species of Cobalt-pyrites. It is used in the
fabrication of smalt.

It seems that the yellow and the brown cobalt ochre are
in a close connexion with the black variety ; yet they all
require some farther examination.

BLOEDITE.

SALT.

Bloedit. JOHN. Chem. Unters. V. S. 240. LEONH. p. 636.

Massive : composition thin columnar. Fracture

uneven, splintery.
Lustre faint, vitreous. Colour between flesh red

and brick-red. Translucent, becoming opake

and white by decomposition.
Soft.

It occurs at Ischel in Upper Austria, along with pris-
matic Gypsum-haloide and the Polyhalite. It consists, ac-
cording to JOHN, of

80 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Sulphate of Magnesia 36-66.

Sulphate of Soda 33-34.

Protosulphate of Manganese 0-33.

Muriate of Soda 22-00.

Water 0-34.
with a mechanical admixture of persulphate of iron with
excess of base.

BREISLAKITE.

This name has been given to a substance from Vesuvius
in very delicate capillary crystals, of a reddish-brown or
chestnut-brown colour, bent and grouped like wool, on the
surface of cavities in a kind of lava, resembling the Grow-
stein of WERNER. Its other properties have not been as-
certained. It contains a considerable quantity of copper,
giving with salt of phosphorus a green globuble in the
oxidating flame, which becomes red in the reducing flame
of the blowpipe.

BREWSTERITE.

KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Brewsterite. BROOKE. Edin. Phil. Journ. Vol. VI. p. 112.
Brewsterite. PHLLL. p. 200.

Hemi-prismatic. Combination represented Fig. 189.
Inclination of the edge between d and d on that
between h and h, — 93° 40' ; d on d = 172°.
Prisms: h = 176°; g = 136°; e = 131°;
c = 121°. BROOKE.

Cleavage, perfect parallel to P, traces parallel to
a plane, which replaces the edge between h and h.
Fracture uneven.

Surface of the prisms streaked parallel to their com-
mon intersections.

Lustre vitreous, pearly upon P. Colour white,

BROCHANTITE. 81

inclining to yellow and grey. Transparent ...
translucent.

Hardness = 5-0 ... 55. Sp. Gr. = 212 ... 2-20,
Dr BREWSTEE.

It is found in crystals and crystalline coats, associated
with rhombohedral Lime-haloide, at Strontian in Argyll-
shire. It resembles particularly the prismatoidal and hemi-
prismatic Kouphone-spars, with which it has been formerly
confounded. Before the blowpipe it loses first its water
and becomes opake, then it froths and swells up, but is
difficultly fusible. It gives a skeleton of silica with salt of
phosphorus.

BROCHANTITE.

MALACHITE.

Brochantite, LEVY. Ann. of PhiL Oct 1824. p. 241.

Prismatic. Combination observed similar to Fig.
21. without 2, and compressed between Pand P.
Inclination of o on o, adjacent = 150° 3(X ; of M
on M, over the edge between o and o = 114° 2(X,
of d on d, adjacent = 63° (X. LEVY.

Cleavage, traces parallel to M. Surface, M black-
ish and dull, the remaining faces smooth and
shining.

Colour emerald-green. Transparent.

Hardness = 3-5 ... 4-0, nearly.

According to the experiments before the blowpipe, made
by Mr CHILDREN, it consists of sulphuric acid and oxide
of copper. On account of its insolubility in water, it is
either a salt with excess of base, or, as Mr CHILDREN sup-
poses, it contains some other substance, as silica or alumi-
na, beside the two above mentioned. It is found in small

VOL. III. F

82 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

but well defined crystals on a reniform variety of the hemi-
prigmatic Habroneme-malachite, which itself covers octa-
hedral Copper-ore, in the Bank mine at Ekatherineburgh,
Siberia.

BROOKITE.
ORE.

Brookite. LEVY. Ann, of Phil. Febr. 1825.

Prismatic. P = 135° 46', 101° 37, 94° 44'. Vol. I.
Fig. 9. LEVY.

a : b : c = 1 : V 3-237 : A/ M49.
Simple forms. P — oo (p) ; P (e*) ; (?r — I)5

(&*) = 126° 31', 135° 41', 72° O7 ; (Pr + oo)3
(m) = 100° (X ; (| £ — 2)3 (i) = 124° 1 1', 149°

37, 65° 0' ; f Pr (e*) = 77° 36' ; Pr + 1 (e*)
= 56° 24' ; Pr + oo (#') ; Pr — 1 (a2) =: 148°
56' ; f r (af) = 124° 52' ; Pr + a> (^').

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combination. 1, ?r — 1. f r. (| f — 2)*.
(Pr — I)3. | Pr. P. (Pr + oo)3. ?r + oo.
Pr+oo. Snowdon, Fig. 190.

Lustre metallic adamantine. Colour hair-brown,
passing into a dee.p orange-yellow, and some red-
dish tints. Streak yellowish- white. Translu-
cent . . . opake, the brighter colours are observed
by transmitted light.

Brittle. Hardness = 5-5 ... 6-0.

It contains titanium, but has not yet been analysed. The
first varieties were noticed by Mr SORET among the mi-
nerals accompanying pyramidal Titanium-ore from Daib.

CALAITE. 83

phiny ; but much finer crystals, some of them half an inch
in diameter, have lately been found at Snowdon in Wales.
In both places they are accompanied by rhombohedral
Quartz; in Dauphiny, besides pyramidal Titanium-ore,
also by Crichtonite and Albite.

BCICKLANDITE.
Bucklandite. LEVY. Ann. of PhiL Febr. 1824. p. 134.

Hemi-prismatic. Combination observed similar to
Fig. 16. only that the faces P, contiguous to o,
are larger than those marked P.

Inclination of the faces, according to LEVY,
o on d = 103° 56'. o on P = 121a 30'.

d on d = 70° 407. o on tf = 99° 41'.

donp = 125° 20'. o on P' = 95° 4<X.

o on p = 114° 55'. ' d on P' = 160° 24'.

Cleavage not observable. Colour dark-brown, near-
ly black. Opake. It appears to be harder than
paratomous Augite-spar.

It was discovered in small crystals on a specimen from
Neskiel mine, near Arendal in Norway, where it occurs
with black hemi-prismatic Augite-spar, with pyramidal
Feld-spar, and with rhombohedral Lime-haloide. It re-
sembles paratomous Augite-spar.

CALAITE. '

SPAR.

Calaite or Mineral Turquois. JAM. Syst. Vol. I. p. 403.
Man.p.318. Calaite. PHILL. p. 79. Calaite. FISCHER.
Essai sur la Turquoise. Moscow. 1816.

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture
choidal.

84 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Colour blue ... green, rather bright. Streak un-
coloured. Feebly translucent on the edges ...
opake.

Hardness = 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-830 . . . 3-000, FISCHER.

It is not dissolved by muriatic acid. Before the blow-
pipe it becomes brown in the reducing flame, and gives a
green colour to it. It is infusible by itself, but very easily
with borax or salt of phosphorus. According to BERZZ-
LIUS, it consists of phosphate of alumina and lime, silica,
oxide of iron and copper, and a little water.

It is found in Persia, either in pebbles, or in small veins
traversing a kind of trap in its original repository. Cut
and polished, it is used for different ornamental purposes.

CHIASTOLITE.

SPAR.

Chiastolite. JAM. Sy st. Vol. II. p. 49. Man. p. 3 1 8. Chias-
tolite. PHILL. p. 201.

Prismatic. P + oo = 91° 5(X. Pr = 120°. HAUY.

Cleavage, P — o>. P + oo. Pr. ?r -f x. Pr + oo,
all of them imperfect. Fracture imperfect con-
choidal, splintery. The crystals present a black
cross in their transverse section.

Lustre vitreous, indistinct. Colour white, grey.
Streak white. Translucent.

Hardness =r 5-0 ... 5-5, if the mineral be not disin-
tegrated. Sp. Gr, = 2-944, HAUY.

Before the blowpipe the whitish part of the crystals is
infusible, but assumes a purer white tint. It melts but
. difficultly with either borax or salt of phosphorus. Accord-
ing to BERZELIUS, it is a compound of silica and alumina.

CHLOEOPAL.

85

It occurs imbedded in clay-slate in a great number of
places, at St Jago di Compostella in Spain ; near Bareges
in the Pyrenees ; near Gefrees in the Bayreuth ; besides
in the Hartz, in Cumberland, in North America. It has
also been found upon the Simplon in dolomite.

CHILDRENITE.

Childrenite. BROOKE. Brandes' Quarterly Journal,
VoL XVI. p. 274.

Prismatic. P = ISO0 20', 102° SO', 97° 5(X. BROOKE.

a : b : c = 1 : V 2'448 : V 1>103'

Simple forms. P — GO (/) ; J P (b) = 135° 56',
111° 42', 85° 3'. P (e) ; f ?r + 2 (a) = 55° 6' ;
Pr + oo (P).

Cleavage, imperfect parallel to f r -f- oo. Fracture
uneven.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour yel-
lowish-white, wine-yellow, ochre-yellow, and pale
yellowish-brown. Streak white. Translucent.

Hardness = 4-5 ... 5-0.

Dr WOLLASTON found it to be a compound of phospho-
ric acid, alumina, and iron. It has been hitherto found
only in the neighbourhood of Tavistock, disposed in single
crystals and crystalline coats on brachytypous Parachrose-
baryte, hexahedral Iron-pyrites, and rhombohedral Quartz,
occasionally accompanied by rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

CHLOROPAL.

Chloropal, BERNHARDI and BRANDES. Schweigger's
Journal. Chloropal. PHILL. p. 378.

Massive : composition impalpable, earthy. Frac-
ture conchoidal, passing into earthy.

Colour pistachio-green. Opake, or scarcely trans-
lucent on the edges.

86 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Fragile. Hardness between 3-0 and 4-0. Sp. Gr. =
£•000, of a conchoidal variety; from 1-727 ...
1-870, the earthy varieties.

It consists, according to BRANDES, of

Conchoidal var. Earthy var.
Silica 46-00 45-00.

Oxide of Iron 35-30 32-00.

Manganese 2-00 0-00.

Alumina 1-00 0-75.

Water 18-00 20-00.

Manganese a trace 2-00.

Potash a trace a trace.

It is remarkable for a very singular magnetic property.
When taken from its original repositories, it breaks pretty
readily in a kind of parallelepipeds, the upper end and two
adjoining lateral edges having the opposite magnetic poles
from the other two edges and the lower end. It is not
phosphorescent.

It has been found accompanying uncleavable Quartz
near Unghwar, in the county of the same name in Hun-
gary, and is often called Green Iron-Earth.

CHLOROPHAEITE.

Chlorophaeite. MACCULLOCH. Western Isles. Vol. I. p.
504. PHILL. p. 202.

Massive: in small grains, imbedded in basalt or
amygdaloid, and sometimes hollow. Fracture
conchoidal ... nearly earthy.

Colour pistachio-green and transparent, or opake ;
but soon turning into brown and black on being
exposed to the air, without losing its lustre,
which takes place also to the depth of an inch or
two into the rock.

CHONDKODITE. 87

Brittle. Hardness, scratched by a quill. Sp. Gr.
= 2-020.

Before the blowpipe it remains nearly unchanged, alter-
ing neither colour nor transparency. Besides silica, it con-
tains iron and a little alumina. It occurs in Scuirmore
cliff in the island of Rum, also in Fifeshire and in Iceland.

CHONDRODITE.
GEM.

Condrodite. HAUY. Traite*, 2de Ed. T. II. p. 476. Con-
drodite. Brucite. Maclureite. PHILL. p. 97.

Hemi-prismatic. ^. P + OD = 147° 48'. ?r -f oo.

HAUY. Grains.
Pr

Cleavage, — = 67° 48', very indistinct; also

f r + 00. Pr + oo.

Lustre vitreous. Colour yellow . . . brown. Trans-
parent ... translucent.

Hardness = 6-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-199, of the variety
from Ersby.

It is very difficultly fusible before the blowpipe. It
loses its colour almost entire]y, becomes opake, and shews
traces of fusion in its thinnest edges. The brown varieties
act upon the magnetic needle, particularly if the double
magnetism is employed. According to D'OHSSON, it con-
sists of

Silica 38-00.

Magnesia 54-00.

Oxide of Iron 5-10.

Alumina 1-50.

PotasK 0-86.

88 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

It occurs at Ersby in the parish of Pargas in Finland,
along with Pargasite (hemi-prismatic Augite-spar) imbed-
ded in rhombohedral Lime-haloide ; also near Newton in
Sussex county, New Jersey, along with Graphite and curved
lamellar calcareous spar. Count D'OHSSON first described
the Chondrodite from Pargas. Dr BRUCE discovered the
American variety, which was named Brucite after him, by
GIBBS. SEYBERT gave it the name of Madureite.

COBALT-KIES.
PYRITES ?

Cobalt-Kies. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 289. Man, p. 270.
Sulphuret of Cobalt. PHILL. p. 280.

Massive : composition granular . . . impalpable. In-
dividuals indistinctly cleavable. Fracture con-
choidal, uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour pale steel-grey, tarnished
copper-red.

Semi-hard.

It emits a sulphureous odour before the blowpipe, and
after having been roasted, it communicates a blue colour
to glass of borax. It consists, according to HISINGER, of

Cobalt 43-20.

Copper 14-40.

Iron 3-53.

Sulphur 38-50.

It is found at Riddarhyttan in Sweden, in beds in gneiss,
along with pyramidal Copper-pyrites, and hemi-prismatic
Augite-spar.

COB ALT 1C GALENA OR COBALTIC LEAD-GLANCE.
GLANCE.

Cobaltic Galena or Cobaltic Lead-Glance. JAM. Syst. Vol.
III. p. 368.

COMPTCTNITE. 8^

Very small, moss-like, grouped crystals ; massive :
composition granular. Individuals cleavable.

Colour lead-grey, inclining to blue. Lustre metal-
lic, splendent (in the interior), shining. Opake.

Soft, sectile. Soils a little. Sp. Gr. = 8444,
BAUERSACHS.

This mineral has been formerly confounded with hexa-
hedral Lead-glance. It is very probable that when better
known, it will be found to belong to the same genus.

Before the blowpipe it shews nearly the same phenome-
na as hexahedral Lead-glance ; the only variety hitherto
known communicates a smalt blue colour to glass of borax.
It consists, according to Du MENIL, of

Lead 62-89.

Arsenic 22'47.

Sulphur 0-47.

Iron 2-11.

Cobalt 0-94.

Arsenical Pyrites 1 *44.

The loss of 9'76 is attributed to intermixed rhombohedral
Lime-haloide. The contents of lead and of arsenic are
very nearly in the proportion of 73*34 : 26-66, correspond-
ing to BERZELIUS' formula Pb As.

It has hitherto been found only in the level of St George
near Clausthal in the Hartz, in a vein of clay-slate and
brown-spar, traversing greywacke. It was first described
by Messrs BAUERSACHS and Du MENIL.

COMPTONITE.

KOUPHONE-SPAB.

Comptonite. BREWSTER. Edin. Phil. Journ. Vol. IV. p.
131. BROOKE. Ibid. Vol. VI. p. 112. PHILL. p, 201.

Prismatic. Combination observed nearly similar
to Fig. 25., without o. Inclination of i on i =

VOL. III.

90 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

177° 35', of s on s (over M) = 91°, BROOKE ;

= 93° 45' nearly, BREWSTER.
Cleavage, parallel to T and M, the first a little

more distinct ; also parallel to s. Fracture small

conchoidal, uneven. Surface s striated parallel

to the edges of combination with M and T ; the

remaining faces smooth.
Lustre vitreous. Colour white. Streak white.

Transparent . . .semi-transparent.
Hardness = 5-0 ... 5-5.

Beiore the blowpipe it gives nearly the same results as
other species of the genus Kouph one-spar. It first gives
off water, intumesces a little, and becomes opake, then it
melts imperfectly into a vesicular glass. The globule ob-
tained with borax is transparent, but vesicular ; that with
salt of phosphorus contains a skeleton of silica, and becomes
opake on cooling. With a little soda it melts imperfectly,
but with a larger quantity it becomes infusible. The glass
with solution of cobalt is dirty blueish-grey. According to
Dr BREWSTER, it forms a gelatine if exposed in the state of
powder to the action of nitric acid.

It occurs in the cavities of an amygdaloidal rock, along
with paratomous Kouphone-spar, and has been hitherto
found only at Mount Vesuvius. The name of Comptonite,
given to this species by Dr BREWSTER, was proposed by
Mr ALLAN.

CRONSTEDTITE.

Cronstedtit. STEINMANN. Schweigger's Journal. Neue
JReihe. T. II. S. 69. Cronstedtite. PHILL. p. 227.

Rhonibohedral. R — CD. R -f oo. Reniform, mas-
sive : composition columnar.
Cleavage, R — x perfect ; R 4- oo imperfect,

CUPREOUS BISMUTH. 91

Lustre vitreous. Colour brownish-black. Streak

dark leek-green. Opake.
Thin laminae are elastic. Hardness = 2*5 (nearly).

Sp. Gr. = 3-348, STEIXMANN.

Before the blowpipe it froths a little without melting :
with borax it yields a black opake and hard bead. Reduced
to powder, it gelatinises in concentrated muriatic acid. It
consists, according to STEINMANN, of

Silica 22-452.

Oxide of Iron 58-853.

Oxide of Manganese 2-885.

Magnesia 5-078.

Water 10-700.

It occurs at Przibram in Bohemia, in veins containing
silver-ores, along with prismatic Iron-ore, brachytypous
Parachrose-baryte, prismatic Iron-pyrites, and rhombohe-
dral Lime-haloide. It has also been found at Wheal Maud*
lin in Cornwall.

CUPEEOUS BISMUTH.
GLANCE ?

Cupreous Bismuth or Cupriferous Sulphuretted Bismuth.
JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 386. Cupriferous Sulphuret
of Bismuth. PHILL. p. 274.

Massive: composition columnar, impalpable. Frac-
ture uneven.

L'ustre metallic. Colour pale lead- grey, passing
into steel-grey and tin-white ; subject to tarnish.
Streak black. Opake.

Sectile. Soft.

It is partly soluble in nitric acid, leaving the sulphur
undissolved. According to KLAPROTH, it consists of

Bismuth 47-24.

Copper 34-66.

Sulphur 12-58.
It occurs in the principality of Fiirstenberg, in cobalt- veins,

93 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

along with octahedral Bismuth, pyramidal Copper-pyrites,
&c.

CUPREOUS MANGANESE.

Cupreous Manganese. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 558.

Small reniform and botryoidal groupes, massive.

Composition impalpable. Fracture imperfect

conchoidal.
Lustre resinous. Colour blueish-black. Streak

unchanged. Opake.
Not particularly brittle. Intermediate between

semi-hard and soft. Sp. Gr. = 8-197 ... 3-216,

BREITHAUPT.

Before the blowpipe it becomes brown, but is infusible.
To borax and salt of phosphorus it communicates the co-
lours of copper and manganese. It consists, according to
LAMPADIUS, of

Black Oxide of Manganese 82-00.
Brown Oxide of Copper 13-50.
Silica 2-00.

BERZELIUS found it to contain a considerable quantity of
water.

It occurs in the tin mines at Schlaggenwald in Bohemia,
and was first distinguished by Messrs BREITHAUPT and
LAMPADIU s.

DIASPORE.'

SPAP.

Diaspore. JAM. Man. p. 322. Diaspore. PHILL. p. 78.
Diaspore. HAUY. Traite, lere Ed. T. IV. p. 358.

Prismatic.* Cleavage P -j- oo = 130° (nearly).
More distinctly Pr -f- oo.

* Mr PHILLIPS mentions a doubly oblique prism, a tetarto-
prismatic form, Sim. Fig. 82. Incidence of M on T ss 64° 54',
of P on T = 101° 20', of P on M =» 108° 3<X. H.

ELAOLITE. 93

Lustre vitreous ; that of Pr 4- CD is pearly. Co-
lour greenish-grey. Translucent on the edges.
Scratches glass. HAUY. Sp. Gr. = 3-4324. HAUY.

Before the blowpipe it decrepitates most violently, and
splits into many small scaly particles, possessing a feeble
alcaline reaction. According to VAUQUELIN and CHIL-
DREN, it consists of

Alumina 80-00 76-06.

Protoxide of Iron 3-00 7'78-

Water 17'30 14-70.

BERZELIUS is of opinion that, besides these, it also con-
tains some alcaline substance.
Its locality is unknown.

ELAOLITE.

SPAR.

Elaolite. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 41. Man. p. 322. Fett-
stein. PHILL. p. 136.

Prismatic. Cleavage, P — oo. ?r -f- oo. Less
distinct P + QD — 112°. PHILL. Massive. Frac-
ture conchoidal.

Lustre resinous. Colour duck-blue, passing into
blue and green, or brick-red passing into grey
and brown. Translucent. If cut, several va-
rieties become opalescent.

Hardness = 5-5 ... 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-546 ... 2-618,
HOFFMANN.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a white enamel. Re-
duced to powder, it forms a copious gelatine with acids.
According to KLAPROTH, it consists of
Silica 46-50.

Alumina 30-25.

94 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lime 0-?5.

Potash 18-00.

Oxide of Iron 1-00.

Water 2-00.

It occurs near Laurvjg, Stavern, and Frederiksvarn in
Norway, imbedded in Syenite along with prismatic Tita-
nium-ore and pyramidal Zircon.

EUCAIRITE.
GLANCE.

Cuivre sele'nie' argental. HAUY. Traitd, 2de Ed. T. III.
p. 470. Seleniuret of Silver and Copper. FHILL. p.
294. Eucairite. BERZELIUS.

Massive : composition granular. Cleavable.
Lustre metallic. Colour lead-grey. Streak shin-
ing. Opake.
Soft.

Before the blowpipe it melts easily, and emits the odour
of selenium. It is soluble in boiling nitric acid. Compo--
nent parts, according to BERZELIUS,

Silver 38-93.

Copper 23-0&.

Selenium 26-00.

Foreign substances 8-90.

It has been found only at Skrikerum mine in the parish of
Tryserum in Smaland in Sweden, in a talcose or serpen-
tine-like rock, accompanied by rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

EUCHROITE.

EMERALD-MALACHITE.

Euchroite. HAIDINGER. Edinb. Journ. of Science. Vol.
II. p. 133. Dr TURNER. Ibid. p. 301.

Prismatic. P == 119° 7', 81° 47', 120° 54'. VoL
I. Fig. 7. AP.

EUCHROITE. 95

a : b : C = 1 : *J 0-923 : J 0'3-U.

Simple forms. P — oo (P) ; P -f o> (M) = 1 17°
«(X ; (Pr -h QD)5 («) =.95° Iff ; (Pr + oo)3 (i)
= 78° 47' ; fr (w) = 87° 52' ; f r + OD (&).

Combinations. 1. P — oo. Pr. P -f QD. (Pr-f- oo)5.
— oo. f r. P+ co. (Pr+ oo)5. (Pr + oo)5.
oo. Fig. 192.

Cleavage, indistinct, parallel to n and m, interrupt-
ed. Fracture small conchoidal, uneven. Sur-
face the vertical prisms striated, parallel to their
common edges of combination, P — oo often
rounded.

Lustre vitreous. Colour bright, emerald-green.
Streak pale apple-green. Double refraction con-
siderable. Transparent, translucent.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 3-5 ... 4-0. Sp. Gr.-
= 3-389.

According to, Dr TURNER, it consists of

Peroxide of Copper 47*85.

Arsenic Acid 33-02.

Water 18-80.

In the matrass it loses its water, and becomes yellowish-
green and friable. When heated to a certain point upon
charcoal, it is reduced in an instant with a kind of deflagra-
tion, leaving a globule of malleable copper, with white
metallic particles dispersed throughout it, which are entirely
volatile at a continued blast

It was discovered at Libethen in Hungary, in quartzose
mica slate, and brought to London, under the name of
Euchroite. It will enter the genus Emerald-malachite of
MOHS, under the name of the prismatic Emerald-malachite.

96 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

EUDIALYTE.

SPAR.

Eudialyte. JAM. Man. p. 322. Eudyalite. PHILL. p. 122.

Fundamental fqrm. Rhombohedron. R — 73°
24'* Vol. I. Fig. 7. WEISS.

a ^ J 13-5.

Simple forms. R — oo (o) ; R — 2 (*) = 126°
13' ; R — 1 = 84° 16'; R (P) ; R + OD (c) ;

P + QD (U).

Char, of Comb. Rhombohedral.

Comb. 1. R — oo. R — 2. R. P + oc. Fig. 125.
2. R — oo. R — 2. R. R + oo. P + oo.

Cleavage, R — oo distinct ; R — 2 less distinct ;
R and P -f- QD traces, not always observable.
Fracture conchoidal or uneven.

Surface smooth, but often rather uneven ; of near-
ly the same description in all the forms.

Lustre vitreous, Colour brownish-red. Streak
white. Translucent on the edges ... opake.

Hardness = 5-0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 2-898. *f*

Before the blowpipe it melts into a leek-green scoria. If
reduced to powder, it gelatinises with acids. According to
STROMEYER, it consists of

Silica 52-00.

Zirconia 10-89.

Lime 10-14.

Soda 13-92.

Oxide of Iron 6-85.

Oxide of Manganese 2-57.

Muriatic Acid 1-03.

• This angle has been found by Mr LEVY = 73° 40". Edinb.
Phil. Journ. Vol. XII. p. 81. H.

FAHLUNITE. 97

It is found in Greenland mixed with dodecahedral
Kouphone-spar, hemi-prismatic Augite-spar, and a moun-
tain-green variety of prismatic Feld-spar. It was first de-
scribed as a particular species by Professor STROMEYEH.

^FAHLUNITE.

Triclasite. HAUY. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 140. Fah-
lunite. Tricklasite. PHILL. p. 56. Fahlunite. Hi-

S1NGEH.

Hemi-prismatic. P -f oo = 109° 28'. HAUY. Re-
niform, massive. Cleavage, Pr = 78° 28'. P-f- oo.
Fracture conehoidal ... uneven, splintery.

Lustre vitreous. Colour olive-green and oil-green,
passing into yellow, brown, and black. Streak
greyish-white. Feebly translucent on the edges
... opake.

Scratches glass, HAUY. Sp. Gr. = 2 61 ... 2-66,
HISINGER.

.sjt!* Before the blowpipe it becomes pale grey, and melts in
•*jts thinnest edges. It is but slowly dissolved in glass of bo-
rax, and communicates to it the colour produced by oxide
of iron. In consists, according to HISINGER, of

Silica 4679.

Alumina 2673.

Magnesia 2-97.

Protoxide of Iron 5-01.

Oxide of Manganese 0-43.

Water 13-50.

It occurs at Fahlun in Sweden, in a talcose or chloritic slate,
along with hexahedral Lead-glance, pyramidal Copper-py-
rites, &c. It was described by HISINGER under the name of
Fahlunite. It is doubtful, whether the forms and hardness
given on the authority of HAUY, refer to the same substance.

VOL. III. G

98 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

FEIIGUSONITE.
ORE.

Fergusonite. HAIDINGER. Trans. Rov. Soc. Edinb.
Vol. X. Part 2d, p. 271. Allanite (in part). PHILL.
p. 264.

Pyramidal. Fundamental form. Isosceles four-
sided pyramid. P = 100° 28', 128° 27'. Vol.1.
Fig. 8. AP.

Simple forms. P — oo (t); P (*);

angle at the base = 159° %

Char, of Comb. Henri-pyramidal, with parallel faces.
Combinations. 1. P — oo. KL±_°^!3.

g. p— oo. P. KL+-??)!]. Fig. 110.

3. P-o, P. SLS.% KL+^1 Fig. 193.

Cleavage, traces parallel to P. Fracture perfect
conchoidal. Surface rather uneven.

Lustre imperfect metallic, inclining to resinous.
Colour dark brownish-black, in thin splinters
pale. Streak very pale brown, like peritomous
Titanium-ore. Opake, in thin splinters translu-
cent.

Brittle. Hardness = 5-5 ... 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 5-838,
ALLAN ; =r 5-800, TURNER. Not magnetic.

It loses its colour before the blowpipe, and becomes pale
greenish-yellow, but is alone infusible. It is entirely

FIBUOLITE. 99

dissolved in salt of phosphorus, but some particles remain
a long time unaltered. The pale greenish globule becomes
opake by flaming, or on cooling, when very much saturated.
Before the whole portion has been dissolved, it assumes a
pale rose colour in the reducing flame. It has been consi-
dered as an Yttro-tantalite, which is not contradicted by
the experiments before the blowpipe. It is described un-
der that denomination in the German original of the pre-
sent work.

It is found imbedded in rhombohedral Quartz at Kiker-
taursak near Gape Farewell in Greenland. The specimens
to which the preceding description refers are in the cabinet
of Mr ALLAN, who proposed the name of Fergusonite.

F1BROLITE.

Fibrolite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 535. Man. p. 322. Fi-
brolite. PHILL. p. 80.

Prismatic. P -}- oo = 100° (nearly). Cleavage
P -f- QD, imperfect. Fracture conchoidal. Mas-
sive : composition columnar.

Colour white, grey, inclining to green.

Harder than quartz, BOUENON. Sp. Gr. = 3-2 14,
BOURNON.

It is infusible before the blowpipe. If rubbed it emits
a dark red phosphoric light. According to CHENEVIX, it
consists of

Silica 38-00.

Alumina 58-25.

Oxide of Iron 0-75.

It occurs in the Carnatic, and likewise in China, along
with rhombohedral Corundum. It was described by Count
BOURNON.

100 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

FIGURESTONE OR AGALMATOLITE.

Figurestone or Agalmatolite. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 261.
Man. p. 126. Agalmatolite. PHILL. p. 119.

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture coarse

splintery, imperfectly slaty.
Colour white, grey, green, yellow, red, and brown,

none of them bright. Acquires some lustre in

the streak. Translucent, in most cases only

on the edges.
Nearly sectile. Soft. Sp. Gr. == 2-815, KLAPROTH.

Before the blowpipe it is infusible, but becomes white.
It is partly soluble in sulphuric acid, leaving a siliceous re-
sidue. It consists, according to KLAPROTH, of

Silica 54-50.

Alumina 34-00.

Potash 6-25.

Oxide of Iron 0-75.

Water 4-00.

It is brought from China. Less characteristic varieties
have been found also in Transylvania and in Saxony. It
is cut into figures and different ornaments.

FLUATE OF CERIUM.

Fluate of Cerium. BERZELIUS. On the Blowpipe, transl.
by J. G. CHILDREN, p. 209. PHILL. p. 266.

i. Neutral Fluate.

Six-sided prisms, plates and amorphous masses.
Colour reddish.

It has been found by BERZELIUS to consist of 30-43
fluate of protoxide of cerium, and 68-00 fluate of peroxide
of cerium, with a trace of yttria. Heated in the matrass
or the glass tube, it corrodes the glass ; alone it does not

FLUELLITE. 101

fuse, but its colour changes to brown ; with borax and salt
of phosphorus it gives a red or orange coloured globule,
which becomes pale on cooling. It occurs at Finbo and
Broddbo near Fahlun, imbedded in Albite, rhombohedral
Quartz, Sec.

ii. Fluate with excess of base.

Traces of crystalline structure. Colour yellow.

It resembles porcelain jasper. It contains twice as much
of the oxides of cerium as the preceding substance. It also
comports itself much like it before the blowpipe. If heated
alone on charcoal, its colour turns black at an incipient red-
ness, but it assumes, on cooling, successively dark brown,
red, and orange tints. It is found at Finbo.

iii. Fluate of Cerium.

Not described.

It has not been analysed, but presents nearly the same
characters before the blowpipe as the preceding substance,
except that in the matrass it does not give off so much
water, and that its colour turns brown.

iv. Fluate of Yttria and Cerium.

Earthy, found in masses seldom exceeding the size
of a pea. Colour pale red, sometimes deep red,
yellow, or white. Easily scratched by the nail.

According to BERZELJLUS, it is a mechanical mixture of
fluate of y ttria with fluate of cerium and silica. It gives
nearly the same reactions as the Neutral Fluate i.

FLUELLITE.

IIALOIDE ?

Fluellite of Wollaston. LEVY. Ann. of PhiL Oct. 1824.
p. 241.

Prismatic. P = 109°, 82°, 144°. Vol. I. Fig. 9.
Transverse section = 105° (nearly). WOLLASTON.

102

FllYSIOGllAl'IlY.

Colour white. Transparent. Index of refraction
= 147 (that of the Wavellite being = 1-52),

WOLLASTON.

It occurs in minute crystals affecting the form of the
fundamental pyramid, with its most acute solid-angle re-
placed, along with the Wavellite from Cornwall, and was
discovered by LEVY, but named and examined by WOL-
LASTON, who found it to contain alumina and fluoric acid.

FORSTERITE.
GEM.

Forsterite. LEVY. Ann. of Phil. XXXVII. p. 61.

Prismatic. Combination observed similar to Fig. 28,
without z and P. Inclination of M on M =
128° 54'; of y on y (over M) = 107° 48'; y on
y (adjacent) = 139° 14'.

Cleavage easy parallel to o.

Colourless, brilliant, translucent.

Hard enough to scratch quartz.

It contains, according to Mr CHILDREN, silica and mag-
nesia. It was discovered by Mr LEVY in small crystals,
accompanying pleonaste and olive-green pyroxene on Mount
Vesuvius. The angles of this substance agree pretty nearly
with those of prismatic Corundum, given Vol. II. p. 304.,
in the same succession = 128° 35', 107° 29', and 139° 53',
only the face perpendicular to the axis, which in Forsterite
has even an easy cleavage parallel to it, has not yet been
observed in prismatic Corundum.

GEHLENITE.
SPAR.

Gehlenite. JAM. Syst. Vol. I. p. 138. and Vol. III. p. 536.
Man. p. 323. Gehlenite. FHILL. p. 35.

GIBBSITE. 103

Pyramidal or prismatic. P — oo. P -f- oo or
P — oo. Pr + oo. Pr + ar>. Cleavage, P — oo
distinct, the other faces imperfect.

Lustre resinous, inclining to vitreous. Colour dif-
ferent shades of grey, none of them bright.
Opake. Sometimes faintly translucent on the
edges.

Brittle. Hardness = 5-5... 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 3-029.

It is difficultly fusible before the blowpipe, and only in
thin splinters. Also in borax it is very slowly dissolved.
It gelatinises in heated muriatic acid. It consists, accord-
ing to FUCHS, of

Alumina 24-80.

Silica 29-64.

Lime 35-30.

Oxide of Iron 6-56.

Water 3-30.

It has been found on Mount Monzoni, in the valley of
Fassa in the Tyrol, along with rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
It was described by Professor Fc CHS.

GIBBSITE.

Gibbsite. TORREY. New York Medical and Physical
Journal. No. I. p. 63.

Irregular stalactites, tuberose masses.

Structure fibrous, the fibres radiating from the
centre.

Lustre faint. Colour dirty greenish- or greyish-
white. Slightly translucent.

Hardness a little above 3-0, but easily reduced to
powder. Sp. Gr. — 2-400.

It yielded to TORREY, alumina 64-8, and water 34-7. It
whitens before the blowpipe, but is infusible. Its locality

104 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

is Richmond in Massachusetts, North America, where it
is found along with prismatic Iron-ore.

GIESECKITE.

Gieseckite. JAM. Man. p. 323. Gieseckite. PHILL.
p. 113.

Rhombohedral. R — - oo. R -f oo. Cleavage
not perceptible. Fracture uneven, splintery.

Lustre resinous, faint. Colour olive-green, grey,
brown. Streak uncoloured. Feebly translucent
on the edges ... opake.

Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-832,

According to ST no MEYER, it consists of

Silica 46-07.

Alumina 33 -82.

Magnesia 1-20.

Black Oxide of Iron 3-35.

Oxide of M anganese 1 • 1 5.

Potash 6-20.

Water 4-88,

It occurs in Greenland, with prismatic Feld-spar. It was
first described by Mr SOWERBY.

GMELINITE.
KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Sarcolite. VAUQUELIN. Ann. du Mus. IX. 249. XI. 42.
Var. of Analcime. HAUY. Traite, 2de Ed. T. III.
p. 177. Hydrolite. DE DREE. Musee. p. 18. Gmeli-
nite. BREWSTER. Edin. Journ. of Science. Vol. II. p. 262.

Rhombohedral. Combination P — GO. P. P -f- oo,
similar to Fig. 196. Angles approaching to
those of rhombohedral Kouphone-spar, which are
for the isosceles pyramid = 145° 54', 71° 48'.
The inclination of y on #', Dr BREWSTEB found
to be = 83° 36'.

GMELINITE. 105

Cleavage distinct, parallel to R. Fracture uneven.
Surface streaked, the prism in a horizontal direc-
tion, the isosceles pyramid parallel to the edges
of comhination with R ; R — ae rough, but even.

Lustre vitreous. Colour white passing into flesh-
red. Streak white. Translucent.

Hardness = 4-5. Sp. Gr. = 2-05, BEEWSTEB.

The Sarcolite of VAUQUELIJT, which is quite different
from the Sarcolite of THOMSON, is the same mineral to
which DE DREE has given the name of Hydrolite, and has
no connexion with the Analcime, as was supposed by
HAUY. The low degrees of hardness already remarked by
VAUQUELIN, and the form discovered by LEBIAN in the
varieties from the Vicentine, prove incontestibly that this
mineral agrees more nearly with the rhombohedral Kou-
phone-spar. The variety represented in Fig. 196 is of a
white colour, and marked with striae, shewing indications
of a regular composition according to the same law which
so frequently occurs in other varieties of that mineral, and
in Levyne. It was found by Mr ALLAN in the little deer
park of Glenarm, county of Antrim, Ireland, and mentioned
in his Synonymes; it was recognised by LESIAN as a variety
of the Hydrolite from the Vicentine. Two analyses of
the varieties from Vicenza and Castel yielded to VAU-

&UEL1N,

Silica 50-00 50-00.

Alumina 20-00 20-00.

Lime 4-50 4-25.

Soda 4-50 4-25.

Water 21-00 20-00.

Dr BREWSTER found that Gmelinite possesses the proper-
ty of flying off in numerous scales when held in the flame
of a candle, and that its refractive power is lower than
that of rhombohedral Kouphone-spar, the index being only
1-474. Both in the Vicentine and in Ireland it occurs in
the cavities of amygdaloidal rocks.

106 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

GREEN IRON-EARTH.
Grune Eisenerde. WERN. Hoffm. H. B. III. 2. S. 304.

Reniform, botryoidal, globular. Surface smooth
and shining. Composition very thin columnar,
impalpable, also curved lamellar. Massive : com-
position impalpable. Fracture even ... uneven.
Sometimes in the state of powder.

Lustre resinous. The impalpable particles dull.
Colours siskin-green, passing into black and yel-
low. Streak yellowish-grey.

Brittle. Semi-hard. Not particularly heavy.

It becomes brown and black before the blowpipe, but
does not melt. It is said to colour glass of borax red. It
is not dissolved in nitric acid. Both the friable and the
massive varieties have been found at Schneeberg in Saxony,
and in the Hollerter Zug in the county of Sayn.

HATCHETINE.

Hatchetine. J. J. CONYBEARE. Ann. of Phil. Vol. I. p. 136.
PHILL. p. 374.

In the shape of flakes like spermaceti, or of granu-
lar masses, like bees' wax.

Lustre slightly glistening and pearly, and of consi-
derable degrees of transparency, when in flakes,
else dull and opake. Colour yellowish-white,
wax-yellow, and greenish-yellow.

Hardness, like soft tallow. Very light. Without
odour or elasticity.

It melts below the boiling point of water. Ether dis-
solves it readily ; being evaporated, the solution leaves a
viscid oily inodorous matter. Distilled over the spirit-lamp,
it gives a bituminous smell, a greenish-yellow butyraceous
substance is disengaged, and a coaly residue remains in the

HAUYNE. 107

retort. At a lower temperature a light oil is distilled. It
occurs in small contemporaneous veins with rhombohe-
dral Quartz, rhombohedral Lime-haloide, and Iron-ores, at
Merthyr Tydvil in South Wales. It has been described
by Mr BRANDE under the denomination of Mineral Adipo-
cire.

The description of Hatchetine agrees very nearly with
the following one given of Mountain Tallow, in Vol. XI.
of the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal.

Mountain Tallow has the colour and feel of tallow, and
is tasteless ; its specific gravity is = 0*6078 in its natural
state, but it is increased by melting it to 0-933, the air
bubbles being driven off. It melts at 118°, and boils at
290° ; when melted it is transparent and colourless, but be-
comes opake and while on cooling. It is insoluble in wa-
ter, but is dissolved by alcohol, oil of turpentine, olive-oil,
and naphtha, when hot, but is precipitated when they cool.
It does not form soap with alcaline substances, but is
combustible. It has been found in a bog on the borders
of Loch Fyne, and has been formerly noticed on the coast
of Finland ; in one of the Swedish lakes ; near Strasburg;
and by Professor JAMESON in Scotland.

HAUYNE.
SPAR.

Haiiyne. JAM. Syst. Vol. I. p. 394. Man. p. 323.
Haiiyne. PHILL. p. 111.

Tessular. Crystallised in dodecahedrons. Grains.
Cleavage dodecahedron, not very distinct. Frac-
ture uneven.

Lustre vitreous. Colour blue, commonly bright,
verging to green, white. Streak white. Trans-
parent ... translucent.

Scratches glass easily. HAUY. Sp. Gr. = 2-687>
L. GMELIN; =3-333, GISMONDI.

108 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a vesicular glass, and
loses its colour. It effervesces if melted with glass of bo-
rax, and forms a transparent globule, which becomes yel-
low on cooling. According to L. GMELIN, it consists of

Silica 35-48.

Alumina 18-87-

Lime 12-00.

Sulphuric Acid 12-39.

Potash 15-45.

Oxide of Iron 1-16.

Water 1-20.

It occurs at Albano and Frascati near Rome, among the
products of Vesuvius. Also in the neighbourhood of the
Puy de Dome, on the lake of Laach, in the quarries of
Niedermennich, and in several other places near Ander-
nach, partly imbedded in pumice.

HTSINGERITE.

Hisingrit. BERZELIUS. Afhandl. i Fysik, &c. III. S.
304. Hisingerite. PHILL. p. 204.

Massive. Cleavage distinct in only one direction.

Fracture earthy.

Colour black. Streak greenish-grey.
Sectile. Soft. Sp. Gr. = 3-045.

If gently heated before the blowpipe, it becomes magne-
tic ; in a stronger heat it melts into a dull opake black
globule, and yields a yellowish-green glass with borax. It
consists, according to BERZELIUS, of

Oxide of Iron 51-50.

Silica 27-50.

Alumina 5-50.

Oxide of Manganese 0-77*

Volatile substance 11*75.

Magnesia a trace.

It has been found in the parish of Svarta in Siiderman-
land, intermixed with rhombohedral Lame-haloide.

HOPEITE. 100

HOPEITE.
HALOIDE.

Hopeite. BREWSTER. Trans. Hoy. Soc. Edinb. VoL X.
p. 107.

Prismatic. P = 139° 41', 107° V, 86° 49\ Vol.
I. Fig. 9. AP.

a : b : c = 1 : *J 4-443 : V l'493-

Simple forms. P — oo (g) ; P (P); (fr -f o°)5
(s) = 81° 34' ; Pr (M) = 101° 24'; Pr -f QO (0 ;

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combination. P — OD. Pr. P. (£r -f x)5.
Pr -f oo. Pr + oo. Fig. 29.

Cleavage, Pr -f oo perfect, less distinct Pr -J- QD.
Surface, ?r + QD deeply streaked in a longitudi-
nal direction, the rest of the faces smooth.

Lustre vitreous, pearly upon Pr + QD. Colour
greyish-white. Streak white. Transparent ...
translucent. Refraction double ; two axes, the
principal one perpendicular to the axis of P and
to the face I ; angle of the resultant axes about
48°, in the plane of P — oo (g), contiguous to
the obtuse lateral^ solid angle of P. Index of
ordinary refraction nearly 1-601.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-76,
BREWSTER, of a perfect crystal

Hopeite had been formerly considered as a variety of
Stilbite. According to NORDENSKIOLD, it gives off its
water before the blowpipe, and then melts easily into a clear
colourless globule, which tinges the flame green. It gives
no skeleton of silica with salt of phosphorus, with which it

1 1 0 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

melts in all proportions. If much of the mineral is added,
the globule turns opake on cooling, but does not deposit
any fumes of zinc on the charcoal. The globule obtained
from fusing it with borax does not become opake on cool-
ing. With soda it gives a scoria, which is yellow when
hot ; copious fumes of zinc> and nearest the scoria also some
of cadmium are deposited. The melted mineral forms a
fine blue glass with solution of cobalt. Hopeite seems
therefore to be a compound of some of the stronger acids,
as phosphoric or boracic acid, of zinc, an earthy base, a little
cadmium, and a great deal of water.

It has been hitherto found only in the calamine mines of
Altenberg near Aix-la-Chapelle, and is very rare.

HUMBOLDTINE.

Humboldtine. MARIANO DE RIVERO. Ann. de Chimie.

Crystals belonging to the pyramidal system, accord*
ing to HAUY ; massive plates.

Colour bright yellow.

Soft, yielding to the nail. Sp. Gr. == 1-3.

Acquires resinous electricity by friction.
According to RIVERO, it consists of

Protoxide of Iron 53-56.
Oxalic Acid 46-14.

On ignited charcoal it is decomposed, giving out a vege-
table odour, while the colour of the remaining oxide of
iron is changed into different shades of yellow, then black,
and at last red. It is insoluble in water and alcohol. It
occurs imbedded in moor-coal, near Bilin in Bohemia, and
is supposed by RIVERO to have been produced from the
decomposition of succulent plants.

HUMITE.

Humite. BOURNOH. Cat. p. 52. PHILL. p. 205.
Form prismatic, according to PHILLIPS ; combina-

HYALOSIDERITE. Ill

tions somewhat resembling Fig. 28. and 38., with
numerous pyramids and prisms between the six-
sided terminal face and the six-sided prism, which
has two angles of 129° 40' and four of 115° i(X.
There occurs frequently regular composition, as
in prismatic Lime-haloide, parallel to the faces of
a rhombic prism.

Cleavage, traces parallel to the six-sided face.
Fracture imperfect conchoidal.

Lustre vitreous. Colour various shades of yellow,
sometimes almost white, passing into reddish-
brown. Transparent ...translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 6-5 ... 7'0.

It occurs on Monte Somma, with mica and various other
minerals. Alone before the blowpipe it becomes opake on
the outside, but is infusible. It gives a clear glass with
borax.

HYALOSIDERITE.

Hyalosiderit. WALCHNER. Schweiggers Neues Journal.
Vol. IX. p. 65. Edin. Journ. of Science. VoL I.
p. 184.

Prismatic. Combination similar to Fig. 9. Incli-
nation of M on M' adjacent, 77° 5(X, of P on P',
adjacent, 99° 22'.

Cleavage indistinct parallel to h. Fracture small
conchoidal. Surface tarnished brass-yellow, or
gold-yellow.

Lustre vitreous, on the surface metallic. Colour
reddish- or yellowish-brown. Streak of a cinna-

118 PHYSIOCRAPltY.

mon colour. Translucent on the edges, hya-
cinth-red or wine-yellow.
Hardness = 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 2-875.

It consists, according to Dr WALCHNER, of

Silica 31-634.

Protoxide of Iron 29*7 1 1-

Magnesia 32-403.

Alumina 2-211.

Oxide of Manganese 0-480.

Potash 2-788.

Chrome a trace.

Before the blowpipe it becomes first black and magnetic,
and then melts into a black magnetic globule. It was found
imbedded in a brown basaltic amygdaloid in the Kaiser-
stuhl near Sasbach in Brisgaw, accompanied by paratomous
Augite-spar, &c. The mixture of iron-slags and of pris-
matic Chrysolite are very analogous to that of Hyaloside-
rite, and the latter is therefore considered by MITSCIIER-
LICH as a peridot, in the chemical sense of the word,
meaning a silicate of protoxide of iron, or of the isomor-
phous bases of protoxide of manganese, magnesia, &c.
having the same prismatic form. Hardness and specific
gravity are given lower than would be necessary for unit-
ing Hyalosiderite with the natural-historical species of pris-
matic Chrysolite.

HYDRATE OF MAGNESIA.

MICA.

Native Hydrate of Magnesia. BREWSTER. Trans. Roy.
Soc. Edin. Vol. IX. p. 239. Native Magnesia. JAM.
Syst. Vol. II. p. 279. Man. p. 468. Hydrate of Mag-
nesia. PHILL. p. 95.

Rhombohedral. Low six-sided prisms, rare.* Mas-

* A fine specimen of this variety is in the possession of Dr
ANDERSON of Leith. H.

INDIANITE.

113

sive : composition lamellar, broad columnar, the
latter sometimes stellular.

Cleavage, R — oo perfect.

Lustre pearly upon the perfect faces of cleavage.
Colour white, inclining to green. Streak white.
Translucent, sometimes only on the edges. Some
varieties lose their transparency on being ex-
posed to the open air.

Sectile. Thin laminae flexible. Hardness = 1-0 ...
1-5. Sp. Gr. = 2-350, the variety from Unst.

Before the blowpipe it loses in transparency and weight,
and becomes friable. In acids it is dissolved without ef-
fervescence, and consists, according to Drs BRUCE and
FYFE, of

Magnesia 70-00 69-75.

Water 30-00 30-25.

It occurs at Hoboken in New Jersey, in small veins in
serpentine ; also at Swinaness in Unst, one of the Shetland
isles, under similar circumstances. In the latter place it
is frequently associated with a white variety of rhombohe-
dral Lime-haloide.

INDIANITE.

8PAH.

Indianite. BOURNON. Phil. Trans. Y. 1802. II. p, 233.
Indianite. PHILL. p. 44.

Grains. Cleavage in two directions, forming an

angle of 95° 15', BROOKE.
Colour greenish-white. Translucent.
Scratches glass. Sp. Gr. = 8-74, BOURNON.

VOL. III. H

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

It is infusible before the blowpipe. If digested in acids,
it becomes friable and gelatinous. It consists, according
to CHENEVIX, of

Silica 42-50.

Alumina 37'50.

Lime 15-00.

Oxide of Iron 3-00.
and a trace of Oxide of Manganese.

It occurs in the Carnatic, imbedded in prismatic Feld-spar,
and accompanied by rhombohedral Corundum, dodecahedral
Garnet, hemi-prismatic and prismatoidal Augite-spar. In-
dianite is not a well defined species. Mr BROOKE observes,
that the angle of its cleavage planes is that of silicate of
lime (prismatic Augite-spar). It is supposed by BEUDANT
to be a variety of Labrador! te.

IRIDIUM,

METAL.

Iridium. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 54. Alloy of Iridium
and Osmium. PHILL. p. 326.

Rhombohedral. Six-sided prisms, combined in paral-
lel position with two isosceles six-sided pyramids,
having bases of 110° 36' and 130° 6'. BOURNON.
Cleavage perpendicular to the axis. Grains.

Lustre metallic. Colour pale steel-grey. Opake.

Brittle. Harder than native Platina, Sp. Gr. = 19-5,
WOLLASTON.

If melted with nitre it becomes black ; but again ac-
quires both its colour and lustre, if heated with charcoal.
It is not dissolved by nitro-muriatic acid. It is an alloy
of iridium and osmium, and is found in South America
with native Platina. It was first described by Dr

LASTONV

JKFFERSOXITE. 115

IflON-SINTEB.

Iron-Sin ier. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 250.
Reniform, stalactitic ... massive. Composition im-
palpable. Fracture conchoidal.
Lustre vitreous. Colour yellowish-, reddish-, black-
ish-brown. Transparent ... translucent on the
edges.
Not very brittle. Soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-40, KAB STEN.

Before the blowpipe it intumesces, and some varieties
emit a strong arsenical odour, during which they are partly
volatilised. It consists, according to KLAPROTH and S T RO-
ME YEK, of

Oxide of Iron 67'00 33-46.

Arsenic Acid 0-00 26-06.

Sulphuric Acid 8-00 10-75.

Protoxide of Manganese 0-00 0-59.

Water 25-00 28-48.

It is found in several old mines, as at Freiberg and
Schneeberg in Saxony, and in Upper Silesia.

JEFFERSONITE.

AUGITE-SPAR.

Jeffersonite (Polystomous Augite-Spar). KEATING. Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. Vol. II. p. 194. Edinb.
Phil. Journ. VoL VII. p. 317. Jeffersonite. PHILL.
p. 24.

Herni-prismatic. Massive. Cleavage, P -f- oo =
106° ; also P — oo, inclined at angles of 94° 45'
and 85° 15' to the axis, less perfect than the for-
mer ; besides these, also other faces occur, which
are parallel to the axis, and intersect each other
at angles of 116° and 64°, and of 99° 45' and
80° 15', according to KEATING. Fracture uneven.

116 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre resinous : upon the faces of cleavage semi-
metallic. Colour dark olive-green, passing into
brown. Streak light green. Slightly translu-
cent on the edges.

Hardness = 4-5. Sp. Gr. =: 3-51 ... 3-60, KEATING.

Before the blowpipe it melts easily into a black globule.
In heated nitro-muriatic acid one-tenth of it is dissolved,
and the residue assumes a lighter colour. It consists, ac-
cording to KEATING, of

Silica 56-00.

Lime 15-10.

Protoxide of Manganese 13-50.

Peroxide of Iron 10-00.

Oxide of Zinc 1-00.

Alumina 2-00.

It occurs near Sparta, Sussex county, New Jersey,
along with octahedral and dodecahedral Iron-ore, dodeca-
hedral Garnet, Chondrodite, &c. It is very nearly allied
to the paratomous Augite-spar.

KARPHOLITE.

Karpholite. JAM. Man. p. 324. Karpholite or Carpho-
lite. PHILL. p. 22,

Massive : composition thin columnar, scopiform

and stellular, rather incoherent, meeting again in

angularly granular compositions.
Lustre silky, colour high straw-yellow, sometimes

approaching to wax-yellow. Opake.
The hardness appears to be low. Sp. Gr. = £"935,

BREITHAUPT.

KILLIXITE.

117

It intumesces before the blow-pipe, becomes white, and
melts imperfectly into a coherent mass. It consists, ac-
cording to STEINMANN and STROMEYER, of

Silica 37-53 36-154.

Alumina 26-48 28-669.

Protoxide of Manganese 17*09 19-160.

Protoxide of Iron 5-64 2-290.

Lime 0-00 0-271.

Fluoric Acid 0-00 0-470.

Water 11-36 10-780.

It occurs in granite at Schlaggenwald in Bohemia, accom-
panied by octahedral Fluor-haloide and rhombohedral
Quartz.

KILLIN1TE.
KiUinite of Taylor. PHILL. p. 322.

Irregular imbedded crystals, massive.

Cleavage parallel to a rhombic prism of 135° (near-
ly), and its short diagonal, PHILL. Fracture
uneven.

Lustre vitreous, faint. Colour greenish-grey, often
tinged brown by oxide of iron. Streak yellowish-
white. Faintly translucent.

Sectile. Hardness = 4-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-698.

Its analysis by Dr BARKER yielded

Silica 52-49.

Alumina 24-50.

Potash 5-00.

Oxide of Iron 2-49.

Oxide of Manganese 0-75.

Water 5-00.

with 0-50 of lime, magnesia, and iron. It becomes white
before the blowpipe, intumesces, and melts into a white
enamel. It occurs in granite veins traversing mica-slate,
at Killiney near Dublin in Ireland, along with prismatic
Triphane-spar and rhombohedral Quartz.

•

118 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

KNEBELITE.

Knebelite of Lenz and Doebereiner. PHILL. p. 206.
Massive. Fracture imperfect conchoidal.
Lustre glistening. Colour grey, spotted dirty

white, red, brown, and green. Opake.
Hard. Brittle. Difficultly frangible. Sp. Gr. =

3-714, DOEBEREINER.

It was found by DOEBEREINER to contain silica 32-5,
protoxide of iron 32-0, and protoxide of manganese 35'0.

KUPFERINDIG.
Kupferinding. BREITHAUPT. Hoffm. H. B. IV. 2. S. 178.

Implanted spheroidal shapes, with a crystalline sur-
face. Massive, plates : composition impalpable.
Fracture flat conchoidal, uneven.

Lustre resinous, faint. Colour indigo-blue, inclin-
ing sometimes to blackish-blue. Higher resinous
lustre in the streak. Opake.

Not particularly sectile. Intermediate between soft
and very soft. Sp. Gr. = 3-80 ... 3-82, BREITH.

Before the blowpipe it burns before it becomes red-hot,
with a blue flame, and melts into a globule, which is
strongly agitated, and emits sparks. Finally it yields a
button of copper. It occurs at Sangerhausen in Thuringia,
the imitative crystalline varieties at Leogang in Salzburg.

LATROBITE.
SPAR.

Latrobite. BROOKE. Ann. of Phil. XXIX. p. 383. PHILL.
p. 380. CHILDREN. Ann. of Phil. XLIII. p. 38.
Diploite of Breithaupt. GMELIN. Edinb. Journ. of
Science. Vol. II. p. 287.

LEELITE. 119

Tetarto-prismatic. Crystallised and massive.
Cleavage in three directions, intersecting each other

at angles of 98° 307, 91°, and 93° 30'.
Colour pale red. Hardness, between 5-0 and 6-0.

Sp. Gr. = 2-8, BROOKE ; = 2 720, GMELIN.

According to CHILDREN, it fuses before the blowpipe in
the platina forceps into a white enamel. With borax it
yields a globule, pale amethyst red in the oxidating flame,
and colourless in the reducing one. With salt of phospho-
rus, a globule with a silica skeleton is obtained, yellow in
the oxidating flame, and becoming opake on cooling, trans-
parent in the reducing flame. Professor GMELIN of Tu-
bingen obtained from two analyses, one of them with car-
bonate of baryta, the other with carbonate of soda, the fol-
lowing results :

Silica 44-653 41-780.

Alumina 36-814 32-827-

Lime 8-291 9-787-

Oxide of Manganese 3-160 5*767,

Magnesia, with some ) n.fioo withauttte

L v Q^O magnesia.

manganese J

Potash 6-575 6-575.

Water 2-041 2-041.

It occurs in Amitok island, near the coast of Labrador,
with mica and rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

LEELITE.
Leelite. CLARKE. Ann. of Phil. 1818. PHILL. p. 21.

Massive. Fracture splintery. Lustre and trans-
lucency like horn. Sp, Gr. = 2-71, CLARKE.

It consists, according to CLARKE, of silex 75, alumina
22, manganese 2-5, water 0-50. It occurs at Gryphytta in
Westmania in Sweden.

120 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

LEVYNE.
KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Levyne. Dr BEEWSTEH. Edinb. Journ. of Science. Vol.
II. p. 332.

Rhombohedral. R = 79° 29'. Vol. I. Fig. 7. AP.
a = V 8-3.

Simple forms. R — o> (o) ; R — 1 (g) = 106° 4' ;
R(P); |R+ 1 (ra) = 7007'.

Char, of Comb. Rhombohedral.

Combination. R — oo. R — 1. R. Fig. 194.
represents two individuals compound parallel to
R — oo, the individuals continued beyond the
face of composition, as in rhombohedral Kou-
phone-spar. Inclination of o on g = 136° 1',
of o on P = 117° 24', of o on n = 109° 13'.

Cleavage, indistinct, parallel to R. Fracture im-
perfect conchoidal. Surface, R — 1 and R
streaked parallel to their common edges of in-
tersection. R — oo uneven, and generally curved,
so that the opposite faces are often inclined on
each other at an angle of 2° — 3°.

Lustre vitreous. Colour white. Streak white.
Semi-transparent.

Brittle. Hardness = 4-0.

Levyne was first observed by Mr HEULAND, and sus-
pected to be a new mineral. Dr BREWSTEH afterwards
subjected it to an optical examination, and gave to it the
name of Levyne, in honour of Mr LEVY, who had first
examined its crystallographic properties.

In the glass tube it gives off a considerable quantity of
water, and becomes opake. Upon charcoal it intumesces a
little. With salt of phosphorus it yields a transparent

MAGNESITE. 121

globule, which contains a skeleton of silica, and becomes
opake on cooling. It occurs at Dalsnypen in Faroe, with
hemi-prismatic Kouphone-spar, in the vesicular cavities of
an amygdaloid.

LIGUEITE.

VIVIAXI. Mem. dell' Accad. delle Scienze, lettere ed
arti di Geneva. III. Ugurit. LEONHARD. S. 651.
Ligurite. PHILL. p. 207.

Hemi-prismatic. y. P + oo = 140°. Pr -f oo.
Inclination of y on Pr -f oo = 152° (nearly).

Fracture uneven.

Lustre of the fracture intermediate between vitre-
ous and resinous. Colour apple-green. Streak
greyish- white. Transparent ... translucent.
Hardness above 5-0. It is said to be harder than
oriental chrysolite. Sp. Gr. = 3-49.

According to VIVIANI, who gave the preceding descrip-
tion of this mineral, it consists of

Silica 57-45.

Alumina 7*36.

Lime 25-30.

Magnesia 2-56.

Oxide of Iron 3-00.

Oxide of Manganese 0-50-

It has only been found on the banks of the Stura in the
Appennines, in a talcous rock.

MAGNESITE.
HALO1DE.

Magnesite. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 281. Man. p. 315.
Carbonate of Magnesia. PHILL. p. 179»

Reniforna, tuberose, massive. Composition impalp-

1'IIYSIOGRAPHY.

able. Fracture flat conchoidal, sometimes fine
earthy.

Dull. Colour yellowish-grey, cream-yellow, yel-
lowish- and greyish-white. Streak white. Feeb-
ly translucent on the edges ...opake.

Not very brittle. Semi-hard in a moderate degree
(between 3-0 and 4-0). Compound varieties are
often very tough ; it has been observed that
some of them give sparks with steel, and yet do
not scratch the octahedral Fluor-haloide. Sp.
Gr. = 2-808, BREITHAUPT.

Adheres pretty strongly to the tongue.

It is infusible before the blowpipe. It is dissolved with a
slow effervescence in the nitric and dilute sulphuric acids.
According to LAMPADIUS and KLAPROTH, it consists of

From Moravia. From Stiria.
Magnesia 47-00 48-00.

Carbonic Acid 51-00 49-00.

Water 1-60 3-00.

It occurs at Hrubschitz in Moravia, in the Gulsen moun-
tain in Stiria, at Baumgarten in Silesia, at Baudissero in
Piedmont, in Spain, and in other countries. The Magne-
sian Marble of Mr NUTTAL, from Hoboken in New Jersey,
which has been found both massive and crystallised in six-
sided prisms, seems to possess some analogy with Magnesite.

MANGANESE-SPAR.
SPAR.

Manganese-Spar. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 445. Man. p. 325.
Siliciferous Oxide of Manganese. PHILL. p. 245.

Prismatic. Cleavage apparent in two directions
perpendicular to each other, less distinct in two

MANGANESE-SPAR,

others forming an angle of 87° 5', according to
ROSE, being the angle of Pyroxene.

Massive. Composition fine granular, strongly co-
herent.

Lustre intermediate between pearly and resinous.
Colour rose-red. Translucent on the edges.

Brittle. Hardness = 5-0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-538,
BERZELIUS; = 3-685, BREITHAUPT.

Heated before the blowpipe, it becomes dark-brown, and
melts into a reddish-brown globule. The colour it im-
parts to glass of borax in the oxidating flame is hyacinth-
red ; but in the reducing flame the glass remains white.
According to LAMPADIUS and BERZELIUS, it consists of
From Siberia. From Sweden.

Oxide of Manganese 6 1 -00 54-42.

Silica 30-00 48-00.

Oxide of Iron 5-00 a trace.

Alumina 2-00 0-00.

Lime and Magnesia 0*00 3-34.

It is found at Longbanshyttan in Sweden in beds of
iron- ore, near Elbingerode in the Harta, and in the district
of Catharinenburg in Siberia ; also near Callington in Corn-
wall, and other places.

The substances called Allagite, Corneous Manganese, Pho~
tizlte and Rhodonite, appear to be compact varieties of the
present species, occasionally mixed with a variable quantity
of the macro typous Parachrose-baryte. They have been
analysed, the first byDu MENIL, the others by BRANDES,
and found to consist of

AUagite. Com. Mang. Photizite. Rhodonite.

Oxide of Manganese 75-00 57-16 37-39 49-87.

Silica 16-00 35-00 36-00 39-00.

Carbonic Acid 7-50 5-00 14-00 4-00.

Water 0-00 2-50 6-00 6-00.

Oxide of Iron 0-00 0-25 0-50 0-25.

Alumina 0-00 0-00 6-00 0-12.

PHY6IOGBAPHY.

The manganese in Allagite is in the state of peroxide, in
all the rest it is protoxide.

They agree very nearly with the Manganese-spar in re-
spect to hardness and specific gravity. Their colours are
several green, brown, and reddish tints, which become
darker on the surface on being exposed to the air, and
generally assume at the same time a slight degree of lustre.
They differ in a more or less perfect conchoidal fracture
and slight shades of colour, which hardly allow of being
expressed in words. They have all been found near Rli-
beland in the Hartz.

MARMOL1TE.
Marmolite. NUT TALL. Silliman's Journal,

Massive. Cleavage in two directions, intersecting
each other obliquely, one of them more distinct.
Composition columnar.

Lustre pearly (inclining to metallic). Colour pale,
green and grey. Opake.

Brittle. Easily cut with a knife. Sp. Gr. = 2-47,

NUTTALL.

It is said to resemble very much prismatic Talc-mica,
with which it had hitherto been confounded. Before the
blowpipe it decrepitates, hardens, and splits into laminae, but
does not melt. With nitric acid it yields a thick partly
gelatinous mass. It consists, according to NUTTALL, of

Magnesia 46-00.

Silica 36-00.

Lime 2-00.

Water 15-00.

Oxide of Iron and Chrome 0-50.
It occurs in serpentine at Hoboken, and in the Barehills
near Baltimore.

MELLILITE. 125

MASCAGNINE OE SULPHAT OF AMMONIAC.

SALT.

Mascagnine or Sulphat of Ammoniac. JAM. Syst. VoL
III. p. 16. Man. p. 13.

Prismatic, according to MITSCHERLICH. Stalacti-
tic : composition impalpable. Mealy efflorescence.

Colour yellowish-grey, lemon-yellow. Semi-trans-
parent ...opake.

Taste pungent, bitter.

It is soluble in double its weight of water. It attracts
moisture from the atmosphere, and is entirely volatile in
a higher temperature. It consists of

Sulphuric Acid 53-29.

Ammonia 22-80.

Water 23-91.,

and its formula is N H« s"+ 2 Aq, according to BEHZE-
LIUS. It occurs in the neighbourhood of Vesuvius and
Etna, in the Solfatara near Puzzuolo, and in the Lagunes
near Siena in Tuscany.

MELLILITE.
Mellilite. JAM. Man. p. 325. Mellilite. PHILL. p. 208.

Prismatic. P + oo = 115°. £r =: 70° (nearly).
HAUY. According to PHILLIPS, they are square
prisms, having the lateral edges replaced.

Colour yellow, inclining to red or green. Opake.

Gives sparks with steeL

Before the blowpipe it melts without ebullition into a
greenish glass. Reduced to powder, it gelatinises with
nitric acid. According to CARPI, it consists of

Silica 38H)0.

Lime 19-60.

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Magnesia 19-40.

Alumina 2-90.

Oxide of Iron 12-10.

Oxide of Titanium 4-00.

Oxide of Manganese 2-00.

It is found at Capo di Bove and Tivoli near Rome, ac-
companied by rhombohedral Feld-spar, in the fissures of a
volcanic rock.

MESOLE.

KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Mesole. BERZELIUS. Edinb. Phil. Journ. Vol. VII. p. 7.
Implanted globules, reniform shapes : composition

broad columnar, radiating from the centre.
Colour white, sometimes inclining a little to yellow.

Faintly translucent.
Hardness = 3-5. Sp. Gr. = 2-370.

According to BERZELIUS, it consists of

Silica 42-60.

Alumina 28-00.

Lime 11-43.

Soda 5-63.

Water 12-70.

It contains generally a little carbonate of lime. BERZE-
LIUS gives the formula NS2 + 2 CS2 4- 9 AS + 8 Aq.

It is found in Faroe lining the cavities of an amygdaloidal
rock, the first stratum being generally Mesoline, the se-
cond Mesole, and having crystals of pyramidal and prisma-
toidal Kouphone-spar disposed upon it.

MESOLINE.

KOUPHONE-SPAR.

Mesoline. BERZELIUS. Edinb. PhiL Journ. Vol. VII. p. 7»
Crystalline coats of a whitish colour on the surface

MOIiYBDENA-SILVER. 127

of the amygdaloid from Faroe, containing the
Mesole and the pyramidal and prismatoidal Kou-
phone-spars.

This is probably a variety of Chabasie, which is found
along with the other species in the above mentioned spe-
cimens. The following table contains the analyses of,
1. Mesole by BERZELIUS, 2. Chabasie from Fassa by ARF-
VEDSON, 3. Chabasie from the Giants Causeway by ARF-
VEDSON, and 4. Chabasie from Gustafsberg by BERZELIUS.
1. 2. 3. 4.

Silica 47-50 43-38 49-07 50-65.

Alumina 21-40 19-28 18-19 17'90.

Soda 4-80 0-00 12-19 0-00.

Potash 0-00 2-50 a trace. 1-70.

Lime 7'90 870 0-00 9'73.

Water 18-19 21-14 1973 19-90.
BERZELIUS observes that the Mesole was not quite pure,
but had a little of the rock attached to it. These analyses,
together with those of the other varieties of rhombohedral
Kouphone-spar and of Gmelinite, differ only in the kind
and proportions to each other of the alkaline base which they
contain. The substances themselves are not, all of them,
sufficiently known, to say whether, as it is probable, this dif-
ference is founded in really different natural-historical spe-
cies, as in the case of prismatic Feld-spar, Albite, and Labra-
dorite, or whether they should be comprised in one species.

MOLYBDENA-SILVER.

Molybdena-Silver. JAM. Man. p. 326. Molybdic Silver.
PHILL. p. 287.

Rhombohedral. Cleavage, R, perfect.
Lustre metallic. Colour pale steel-grey.
Elastic. Not particularly sectile. Soft. Sp. Gr.
— 8-0., BREITHAUPT.

128 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Before the blowpipe it melts very easily into a globule,
that can be entirely volatilised, during which the support-
ing charcoal is covered with a yellow oxide. If dissolved
in the state of powder in nitric acid, a precipitate of sul-
phur is formed. It consists, according to KLAPEOTH, of
Bismuth 95-00.
Sulphur 5-00.

It has been found at Deutsch Pilsen in Hungary, accom-
panied by several species of the genera Lime-haloide, Iron-
pyrites, &c.

It seems that in Hungary several species, different from
each other, have been designated by the collective unde-
termined name of Molybdena-Silver. Thus a species very
distinct from that described above, presents the following
characters :

Form probably rhombohedral. It occurs in imbedded
masses, having a general resemblance to three and six-
sided prisms.

Cleavage perfect, axotomous. Fracture imperfect conchoi-
dal, uneven, scarcely perceptible.

Lustre metallic. Colour intermediate between tin-white
and steel-grey. Streak unchanged, or rather darker, its
place becomes shining in the mineral. Opake.

Very sectile. Thin laminae perfectly flexible. Hardness
= 1-5. Sp. Gr. = 7'408.

This species likewise is found in Hungary. Several
specimens of it are in the collection of the Johanneum at
Gratz. It is accompanied by hexahedral Gold and pyra-
midal Copper-pyrites, imbedded in rhombohedral Quartz.
Its chemical compounds are as yet unknown. Before the
blowpipe it gives the reactions of sulphur, tellurium, and
bismuth.

Another variety of Molybdena-Silver examined by BER-
ZELIUS, which had been communicated to him by Professor
WEISS of Berlin, was found to contain only tellurium and
bismuth.

NATIVE NICKEL. 129

NATIVE LEAP.

Ge<liegen-Blei. LEONH. S. 223. Plomb natif. BOURNON.
Cat. p. 333.

Massive. Fracture hackly.

Lustre metallic. Colour pure lead-grey. Streak

shining.
Malleable. Hardness = 1-5. Sp. Gr. =11-3523,

HAUY. Disagreeable odour by friction.

It melts easily before the blowpipe, and covers the char-
coal with a yellow oxide. Octahedral crystals may be ob-
tained by fusion. Metallic lead, as it occurs in nature, is
almost in every instance accompanied by such substances
as betray its having once been in a state of fusion. It was
first noticed by RATHKE from the island of Madeira, where
it is imbedded in vesicular masses, considered as slags by
some, and as volcanic rocks by others. Many other localities
are of a similar kind. It has been found in a rolled mass of a
stone weight in Anglaise river, North America, traversing
hexahedral Lead-glance in narrow veins. It has been
quoted also from some abandoned mines in the vicinity of
Carthagena in Spain, as occurring in capillary and other
imitative shapes, engaged in a blackish clay. Lately me-
tallic lead has also been found near Alston in Cumberland.
It is associated with hexahedral Lead-glance, rhombohe-
dral Quartz, &c., but also with litharge, and a fused mass
resembling a slag. It fills a vein near the surface of the
earth, in compact limestone.

NATIVE NICKEL.

Native Nickel. JAM. Syst. VoL III. p. 559. Man. p. 326-
Native Nickel. PHILL. p. 282.

Delicate, capillary crystals.

VOL. III. I

130 PHl'SIOGBAPHY.'-

Lustre metallic. Colour brass-yellow, inclining to
bronze-yellow and steel-grey.

According to ARFVEDSON, it -consists of
Nickel 64-35.
Sulphur 34-26.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a brittle metallic glo-
bule ; it colours glass of borax violet-blue ; in nitric acid
it is dissolved without leaving a residue, and forms a pale
green solution. It occurs at Johanngeorgenstadt in Sax-
on}^ Joachimsthal in Bohemia, and in the Westerwald,
accompanied by several species of Iron -pyrites, Lime-ha-
loide, &c. It has been sometimes called Capillary Pyrites.

NEEDLE-ORE.

GLANCE. $ ;.

Needle-Ore. JAM. Man. p. 326. Acicular Bismuth-
Glance. Syst. Vol. III. p. 381. Plumbo-cupriferous
Sulphuret of Bismuth. PHILL. p. 274.

Prismatic. Cleavage unknown, imperfect. Frac-
ture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey.
Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 6-125, JOHN.

Before the blowpipe its sulphur is driven off, and it
melts and emits numerous sparkling metallic globules. A
button of lead containing copper remains, which communi-
cates a greenish-blue colour to glass of borax. It is soluble
in nitric acid, and consists, according to JOHN, of

Bismuth 43-20.

Lead 24-32.

Copper 12-10.

Nickel 1-58.

Tellurium 1-32.

Sulphur 11-58.

Gold 0-79.

It occurs near Catharinenburg in Siberia, imbedded in

XICKELIFEROUS GREY ANTIMONY. 131

rhombohedral Quartz, and accompanied by hexahedral
Gold, and several species of the orders Malachite, Glance,
and Pyrites.

NEPHBITE.

Nephrite. JAM. Syst VoL III. p. 287. Man. p. 327.
Nephrite. PHILL. p. 134.

Massive: composition impalpable. Fracture coarse
splintery, in some varieties slaty in the great.

Colour green, particularly leek-green passing into
grey and white. Translucent, often only on the
edges.

Not particularly brittle ; some varieties are remark-
ably tough. Hardness = 7'0. Sp. Gr. = 2-932
... 3-024, BREITHAUPT.

Alone it is infusible before the blowpipe, but becomes
white. It consists, according to KASTNEH, of

Silica 50-50.

Magnesia 31-00.

Alumina 10*00.

Oxide of Iron 5-50.

Oxide of Chrome 0-05.

Water 2-?o.

It is brought from China and Egypt. A large block has
lately been found in the alluvial soil of the alum-earth
mines at Schwemmsal in Saxony.

NICKELIFEEOUS GREY ANTIMONY.
PYRITES.

Nickeliferous Grey Antimony. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p.
403. Man. p. 327.

Tessular. Cleavage, hexahedron, perfect. Mas-
sive : composition granular.

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to

silver-white.
Brittle. Hardness = 5-0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 6451,

a cleavable variety.

It is partly volatilised before the blowpipe, during which
the supporting charcoal is covered with a white coating ; at
last it melts into a metallic globule, which communicates
a blue colour to glass of borax. It consists, according to
STKOMEYER and KLAPROTH, of

Nickel 36-60 25-25.

Antimony 43-80 4775.

Arsenic 0-00 11-75.

Sulphur 17-71 15-25.

Iron and Manganese 1-89 0-00.

It is met with in several mines in the principality of
Nassau, along with brachytypous Parachrose-baryte, pyra-
midal Copper-pyrites, hexahedral Lead-glance, &c.

NITRATE OF SODA.

SALT.

Soude nitrate. HAUY. Traite', 2de Ed. T. II. p. 214.
Nitrate of Soda. PHILL. p. 191.

Fundamental form. Rhombohedron. R == 106°

33'. Vol. I. Fig. 7. AP.

a = V 2-05.
Simple form. R.

Char, of Comb, and the combinations not observed.
Cleavage, R, perfect. Fracture conchoidal, almost

imperceptible. Surface smooth.
Lustre vitreous. Colour white. Streak white.

Transparent.
Rather sectile. Hardness = 1-5 ... 2-0. Sp. Gr.

= 2 0964-, KLAPROTH. Taste cooling.

ORTHITK. 133

It is soluble in three times its weight of water at a tem-
perature of 12° R. It melts and deflagrates upon glowing
charcoal, but not so violently as the prismatic Nitre-salt.
If rubbed in an isolated state, it acquires a very strong
negative electricity. It consists of

Nitric Acid 54-97-

Soda 45-03.

according to BERZELIUS' formula, Na N2.

It is found in Peru, in the district of Atacama, near the
seaport of Yquique, and according to MARIANO DE RIVERO,
occurs with clay in beds of different thickness, extending
more than fifty miles, and is worked to great advantage.

NUTTALLITJ:.
Nuttallite. BROOKE. Ann. of PhiL XLI. p. 366.

Crystals, right square prisms, imbedded in calca-
reous spar. Resembling Scapolite, but softer
and more glassy in the fracture. Play of light
similar to that of Elaolite upon the faces of the
prism. Colour grey.

OETHITE.

Orthit. BERZELIUS. Afh. i Fysik, &c. Vol. V. Orthite.
PHILL. p. 265.

Form, long and straight acicular masses. Massive :

composition impalpable. Fracture conchoidal.
Lustre vitreous. Colour ash-grey, passing into

brown, if the mineral be decomposed. Streak

brownish-grey. Opake.
Scratches glass, though with difficulty. Sp. Gr.

= 3-288, BERZELIUS.

134< PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Before the blowpipe it froths, becomes yellowish-brown,
and melts with effervescence into a black vesicular globule ;
with borax into a transparent one. It gelatinises in heated
acids, and according to BERZELIUS, it consists of

Silica 32-00.

Lime 7'84.

Alumina 14-80.

Oxide of Cerium 19-44.

Protoxide of Iron 12-44.

Oxide of Manganese 3-40.

Yttria 3-44.

Water 5-36.

It occurs at Finbo near Fahlun in Sweden, along with
rhombohedral Quartz, prismatic Feld-spar, Albite, &c. in
veins traversing gneiss.

PALLADIUM.

METAL.

Palladium. JAM. Sjst. Vol. III. p. 53. Native Palla-
dium. PRILL, p. 325.

Grains. Octahedrons and prisms with a square

base are quoted by SOWERBY.
Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to

silver-white.
Hardness superior to wrought iron. Sp. Gr. = 11-8,

WOLLASTON ; = 12-14, LOWKY.

It is reducible by heat. By itself it is infusible before
the blowpipe, but melts with sulphur. With nitric acid it
yields a red solution. It consists essentially of palladium,
but contains also a small portion of platina and iridium.
It occurs along with native Platina in Brazil, and was dis-
covered by Dr WOLLASTOK. The pure metal is ductile
and very malleable ; it is flexible in thin slips, but not
very elastic.

PIIARMACOLITE. 135

PHAB.MACOLITE.

Pharmacolitc. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 543. Pharmaco-
lite. Arseniate of Lime. PHILL. p. \18.

Capillary crystals, in globular aggregation. Glo-
bular, reniform, botryoidal. Composition thin
columnar ... impalpable. Farinaceous.

Lustre vitreous ; also pearly in the thin columnar
particles of composition. Colour white. Trans-
lucent ... opake.

Sectile, very soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-640, KLAPROTH.

Before the blowpipe it emits an arsenical odour, and
melts with difficulty into a white enamel. In nitric acid
it is dissolved without effervescence. According to KLAP-
ROTH and JOHN, it consists of

From Wlttichen. From Aiidreasberg.
Lime 25-00 27'28.

Arsenic Acid 50-54 45-68.

Water 24-46 23-86.

It is found in the principality of Fiirstenberg, at An-
dreasberg in the Hartz, at Riechelsdorf in Hessia, and
other places, in veins that also contain native Arsenic,
several species of Cobalt-pyrites, &c.

The description of the Picropharmacolite of STROMEYEB.
(Untcrsuchungcn. Vol. I. p. 135.), does not differ from that
given of the Pharmacolite. The only difference discovered
between the two substances consists in a small quantity of
magnesia which the former contains. It is cpmposed of
Lime 24-646.

Magnesia 3-218.

Oxide of Cobalt 0-998.
Arsenic Acid 46-971.
Water 23-977- *

It occurs in the cobalt mines of RiecheJsdorf in Hessia,
along with prismatic Hal-baryte. v

136 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

PHOSPHATE OF MANGANESE.

ORE.

Phosphat of Manganese. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 408.
Pitchy Iron-Ore. Id. ibid. Vol. III. p. 248. Phosphat
of Manganese. Id. Man. p. 328. Phosphate of Man-
ganese. PHILL. p. 248.

Pyramidal or prismatic. Massive : cleavage in
three directions perpendicular to each other, one
of them more distinct. Fracture small con-
choidal.

Lustre resinous, inclining to adamantine. Colour
blackish-brown. Streak yellowish-grey. Trans-
lucent on the edges. Opake.

Brittle. Hardness = 5-0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-439,
VAUQUELIN ; = 3-775, ULLMANN.

Before the blowpipe it melts easily into a black scoria,
is readily dissolved in nitric acid without effervescence,
and consists, according to VAUQUELIN, of
Oxide of Iron 31-00.

Oxide of Manganese 42-00.
Phosphoric Acid 27'00.

It has been found near Limoges in France, in a vein of
quartz traversing granite, accompanied by rhombohedral
Emerald.

PICROLITE.

Picrolith (of Hausmanri). LEONH. S. 545. Picrolite.
PHILL. p. 209.

Massive : composition thin columnar. Fracture

splintery.
Lustre faint, inclining to pearly. Colour leek-

PICROSMIXE. 137

green passing into yellow. Streak a little shin-
ing. Translucent on the edges.
Hardness between 3-0 and 6-0.

According to ALMROTH, it consists of

Silica 40-04.

Magnesia 38-80.

Water 9-08.

Protoxide of Iron 8-28.

Carbonic Acid 4 -JO.

It colours glass of borax green, but the colour disappears
on cooling. It occurs in irregular veins in the beds of oc-
tahedral Iron-ore in the Taberg, and at Nordmarken in
Sweden, and has been mentioned also from Reichenstein
in Silesia.

PICROSMINE.*
> Picrosmin. HAIDINGER.

Fundamental form. Scalene four-sided pyramid.
P = 151° 3', 120° (X, 67° 59'. Vol. I. Fig. 9. AP.

a : b : c = 1 : ^11-00 : V2*?5-

Simple forms and combinations not known ; the
character of the latter prismatic, as it appears
from cleavage.

Cleavage. £r + oo (M) perfect; Pr -f OD (T)
less, Pr (i) = 117° 49' still less distinct. Least
of all P + oo (s) = 126° 52'. The product of
all the faces of cleavage is represented by Fig. 25.
excepting the faces o.

Fracture uneven, scarcely perceptible.

* Name derived from xtxfa, bitter, and l<rp/rt, odour, from
the bitter and argillaceous odour the mineral exhales when
humected.

138 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre pearly, distinct upon Pr -f- oo, inclining to
vitreous upon the other faces. Colour greenish-
white, passing into greenish-grey, and mountain-
green, sometimes also oil-, leek-, and blackish-
green. Streak white, dull. Translucent on the
edges ... opake.

Very sectile. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr.
= 2-660 of a cleavable compound variety, 2-596
of a columnar variety.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, strongly coherent. If the composition
becomes impalpable, the fracture is earthy. The
particles of columnar compositions are very thin ;
fracture splintery.

Its chemical composition is unknown. Before the blow-
pipe it is infusible, but gives out water, becomes first
black, then white and opake, and acquires a degree of
hardness nearly = 5-0. It is soluble in salt of phosphorus,
with the exception of a silica skeleton. When heated
with solution of cobalt, it assumes a pale red colour. It
appears therefore to contain water, silica, and magnesia.

The cleavable varieties have been found, accompanied by
octahedral Iron-ore and macrotypous Lime-haloide, in a
bed in primitive rocks. The only locality hitherto known
is the iron mine called Engelsburg near Presnitz in Bo-
hemia.

It is likely that many varieties of the common Asbestus
of WERNER, (JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 156.), particularly
that from Zdblitz in Saxony, should be referred to this
species. According to WIEGLEB, it consists of

Silica 46-66.

Magnesia 48-45.

Oxide of Iron 4-79.

FINITE. 139

Various localities are quoted for the common Asbestus ;
but since Asbestus contains also varieties of hemi-prismatic
and of paratomous Augite-spar, they cannot all be supposed
exact, and it would therefore be very interesting to institute
a closer natural-historical examination of all these minerals.
Among the localities chiefly quoted, are Zoblitz in Saxony,
Silesia, the Tyrol, and many other countries along the line
of the Alps, the Shetland isles, Portsoy, &c. where it oc-
curs in veins traversing serpentine ; in the Taberg and other
places in Sweden, where it occurs in beds, along with octa-
hedral Iron-ore, with several species of Pyrites, rhombo-
hedral and macrotypous Lime-haloide, &c.

FINITE.

Finite. JAM. Syst. VoL II. p. 227. Man. p. 328. Pinite.
PHILL. p. 80.

Rhombohedral. R— or>. R-f GO; R — QD. R-f oo.
P -f GO. Cleavage very indistinct. Composi-
tion, R — OD. Fracture uneven.

Lustre resinous, faint. Colour blackish-green ...
greenish-grey. Streak uncoloured. Feebly trans-
lucent on the edges.

Sectile. Hardness = 2-0 ... 2-5. Sp. Gr. = 2-782,
the crystallised variety from France.

In thin splinters the variety from Auvergne melts im-
perfectly before the blowpipe, and consists, according to
C. G. GMELIN, of

Silica 55-964.

Alumina 25-480.

Potash 7-890.

Soda 0-38G.

Oxide of Iron 5-512.

Magnesia 3-760.

Water 1-410.,

J40 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

with traces of lime, manganese, and animal matter. Ac-
cording to KLAPROTH, the variety from Saxony is infusible
before the blowpipe, and consists of alumina 63-75, silica
29-50, and protoxide of iron 6-75.

It occurs in several countries in granite ; at Schneeberg
in Saxony, in Salzburg, in Auvergne, in Cornwall, in
North- America, &c.

PLOMBGOMME.

Plomb hydro-alumine (Plomb gomme). HAUY. Traite',
2de Ed. T. III. p. 410.

Reniform. Surface smooth. Composition thin co-
lumnar ... impalpable.

Colour yellowish- and reddish-brown, striped.
Translucent.

Scratches octahedral Fluor-haloide, but does not
affect glass.

If rubbed in an isolated state, it acquires a strong nega-
tive electricity. If quickly heated before the blowpipe, it
decrepitates and loses its water ; but is infusible by itself.
With borax it yields a transparent colourless glass, without
reduction of the lead. According to BERZELIUS, it con-
sists of

Oxide of Lead 40-14.

Alumina 37-00.

Water 18-80.

Sulphurous Acid 0-20.

Lime and the Oxides of i
Iron and Manganese J

Silica 0-60.

It occurs at Huelgoet near Poullaouen in Brittany, in
clay-slate, along with hexahedral Lead-glance, dodecahe-
dral Garnet-blende, hexahedral Iron-pyrites, and di-pris-
matic Lead-baryte.

PYRALLOLITE.

POLYHALITE.
SALT.

Polyhalit. STROMEYER. Untersuchungen. VoL I. p. 144.
Poly halite. PHILL. p. 199.

Massive : composition columnar. Fracture splin-
tery, uneven.

Lustre resinous. Colour smoke-grey and pearl-
grey, flesh-red and brick-red.

Hardness greater than 3-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-7689,
STROMEYER.

Taste saline and bitter.

In the flaine of a candle it melts into an opake globule, is
readily dissolved in water, and, according to STROMEYER,
consists of

Sulphate of Potash 277037.

Anhydrous Sulphate of Lime 44-7429.

Anhydrous Sulphate of Magnesia 20-0347.

Muriate of Soda 0-1910.

Water 5-9535.

Peroxide of Iron 0-3376.

It occurs at Berchtesgaden and Ischel, along with hexa-
hedral Rock-salt, and the two species of Gypsum-haloide.
It has lately been discovered also in the salt mines of Vic
in Lorraine.

PYEALLOLITE.

Pyrallolith. NORDENSKIOLD. Schweiggers Journal fur
Chemie and Physik. XXXI. 387- Pyrallolite. PHILL.
p. 68.

Tetarto-prismatic. Comb. I. M. T. Sim. Fig. 81.
Inclination of M on T = 94° 36' ; of I on M =
140° 49*.

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Cleavage, distinct parallel to M and to T9 also in
the direction of a plane which takes away the
more obtuse edge between M and T ; this plane
intersects M at an angle of 144° 3', and T at
an angle of 130° 33'.

Massive : composition granular. Fracture earthy.

Lustre resinous. Colour white, sometimes greenish.
Translucent on the edges ... opake.

Hardness — 3*5 . . . 4-0. It seems to become harder
by exposure to the air. Sp. Gr. = 2-55 ... 2-60.

When reduced to powder it phosphoresces with a blueish
light. Before the blowpipe it first becomes black, then
white, afterwards intumesces and melts on its edges. With
borax it yields a transparent glass. According to NOHDEN-
SKIOLD, from whom the whole of the preceding description
is taken, it consists of

Silica 56-62.

Magnesia 23-38.

Alumina 3-38.

Lime 5-58.

Oxide of Iron 0-99.

Protoxide of Manganese 0-99.

Water 3-58.

. leaving 6-38 of an unknown bituminous substance and loss.
It occurs at Storgard in the parish of Pargas in Finland,
with several species of the genera Feld-spar and Augite-
spar ; also with prismatic Titanium-ore and rhombohedral
Lime-haloid e.

PYRORTHITE.

Pyrorthit. BERZEXIUS. Afhandl. i Fysik, &e. Vol. V.
Pyrorthite. PHILL. p. 265.

Probably prismatic. Massive : composition colum-
nar. Fracture cqnehoidal, splintery, earthy.

PYROSMALITE. 14-3

Lustre resinous. Colour brownish-black; if decayed,
yellowish-brown. Streak brownish-black. Opake.

Is scratched by rhombohedral Lime-haloide. Sp. Gr.
= 2*19, BERZELIUS.

If gently heated on one side, it takes fire, and burns
without either flame or smoke; after which it becomes
white, and melts into a black enamel. It gives a transpa-
rent glass with borax, is soluble in heated acids with the
exception of a black powder, and consists, according to
BEBZELIUS, of

Silica 10-43.

Alumina 3-59.

Protoxide of Cerium 13-92.

Protoxide of Iron 6-08.

Yttria 4-87.

Lime 1-81.

Protoxide of Manganese 1-39.

Water 26-50.

Carbon 31-41.

It has been found at Ka'rarf near Fahlun in Sweden, in a
kind of granite, accompanied by prismatic Gadolinite.

PYROSMALITE.
MICA.

Pyrosmalite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 561. Man. p. 329.
Pyrosmalite. PHILL. p. 235.

Ilhombohedral. Combination, R — QD. R -f oo.
Cleavage, R — oo perfect; R + x less distinct.
Fracture uneven.

Lustre pearly upon R — oo ; lower degrees of vi-
treous lustre in other directions. Colour pale
liver-brown, passing into grey and green. Streak
paler than the colour. Translucent ... opake.

I H« PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 4-0... 45. Sp. Gr. =
3 077, HAUSMAXN.

Before the blowpipe it becomes reddish-brown, and de-
velopes fumes of muriatic acid. In a strong fire it melts
first into a black scoria, and then into a globule, which is
attractable to the magnet. It is easily soluble in glass of
borax, and consists, according to HISINGER, of
Silica 35-850.

Protoxide of Iron 21-810.

Protoxide of Manganese 21-1 40.
Muriate of Iron, with excess ^ 14.095

of base )

Lime 1-210.

Water 5-895.

It was discovered by Messrs GAHN and CLASON, in the
iron-mines of Nordmark in Wermeland in Sweden, and
is associated with rhombohedral Lime-haloide and parato-
mous Augite-spar.

The forms of Pyrosmalite are considered by HAUY as
belonging to the prismatic system. It will probably be
found to belong to the genus Pearl-mica.

RADIATED ACICULAR OLIVENITE.

Radiated Acicular Olivenite. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 335.
Oblique Prismatic Arseniate of Copper. PHILL. p. 318.

Hemi-prismatic. Form frequently similar to Fig. 44.
having the most acute solid angles replaced by a
face tf. Inclination of M on M = 56° 0', of P
on M = 95° (X, of P on d (contiguous to the
same summit) 99° 30', according to PHILLIPS.

Lustre pearly upon the face of perfect cleavage.
Colour dark verdigris-green, inclining to sky-
blue, still darker on the surface. Streak verdi-
gris-green. Translucent on the edges.

RED VITRIOL. 145

Not very brittle. Hardness =r 2-5... 3-0. Sp. Gr.
= 4-192.

Before the blowpipe it deflagrates, and emits arsenical
vapours. According to CHENEVIX, it consists of
Oxide of Copper 54-00.
Arsenic Acid 30-00.
Water 16-00.

It has hitherto been found only in Cornwall, with several
other species of the order Malachite, also with pyramidal
Copper-pyrites, rhombohedral Quartz, &c.

EED VITRIOL OR SULPHATE OF COBALT.

SALT.

Red Vitriol or Sulphate of Cobalt. JAM. Syst. Vol. III.
p. 23. Man. p. 15. Red Vitriol. Sulphat of Cobalt.
PHILL. p. 282.

Hemi-prismatic. Similar to the forms of the hemi-
prismatic Vitriol-salt, MITSCHERLICH. Stalactitic
and coralloidal shapes : composition columnar,
in most cases impalpable. Friable.

Lustre vitreous ; in very thin columnar compositions
it becomes pearly. Colour flesh-red and rose-
red . . . reddish-white. Semi-transparent . . . trans-
lucent.

Taste astringent.

It is soluble in water. To glass of borax it communi-
cates a blue colour. According to KOPP, it consists of
Oxide of Cobalt 3871.
Sulphuric Acid 19-74.
Water 41-55.

It occurs in the rubbish of old mines, at Bieber in the
neighbourhood of Hanau.
VOL. in. K

rUTYSIOGJlAPilY.

RETINITE.
RESIN.

Retinite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 478. Retinasphalt.
PHILL. p. 375.

Roundish, and blunt-edged masses. Fracture con-
choidal.

Lustre resinous. Colour green, yellow, red,
brown, sometimes in striped delineation. Semi-
transparent ... opake.

Hardness = 1-5 ... 2-Oj of the variety from Halle.
Sp. Gr. = 1-135, HATCHETT.

The Retinite from Halle very much resembles a vege-
table resin. The purer specimens frequently consist of
alternating layers more or less transparent, corresponding
to the external shape, and commonly including a cavity.

It emits a strong peculiar odour, even in its natural state,
but still more powerfully if rubbed between the fingers ;
which odour they retain for a considerable time. Its spe-
cific gravity is = 1 -079.

Retinite, if rubbed in an isolated state, acquires negative
electricity. It takes fire at the flame of a candle, melts,
and burns with a particular odour. It is partly soluble in
alcohol, leaving behind an unctuous residue. According to
HATCHETT and BUCHOLZ, it consists of

Vegetable Resin 55-00 91-00.

Asphalt or Bitume 42-00 9-00.

Earthy Matter 3-00 0-00.

It has been found in the beds of earthy brown coal near
Halle on the Saale, at Bovey^in Devonshire, also in Upper
Austria, Moravia, &c.

The different substances called Retinite, Retin-Asphalt,
&c. deserve an accurate comparative examination.

SARCOLITE. 147

EOSELITE.

HALOIDE.

Roselite. LEVY. Ann. of Phil. XL VIII. p. 439. Edinb.
Journ. of Science. Vol. II. p. 177-

Prismatic. P = 114° 24', 79° 15', 140° 40'. Vol. I.
Fig. 9. LEVY.

a : b : c =^ 1 : V 0-1909 : V 0-3761.

Simple forms. P — . oo (P) ; f ?r (e *) = 45° (X ;

Pr (a2) = 47° 12' ; ?r + oo (#).
Combination of all these forms represented Fig.

195. Inclination of edge z on edge z = 119° 46'.
Cleavage perfect parallel to P. Surface, Pr rough,

and hollowed out in the middle.
Lustre vitreous. Colour deep rose-red. Streak

white. Translucent.
Hardness — 3-0.

According to Mr CHILDREN, it contains water, oxide
of cobalt, lime, arsenic acid, and magnesia. Before the
blowpipe it gives off water and becomes black. It imparts
a blue colour to borax and salt of phosphorus, and is en*
tirely soluble in muriatic acid. It occurs at Schneeberg in
Saxony, disposed on rhombohedral Quartz, and was for-
merly considered as a variety of the prismatic Cobalt-mica,
but seems rather to belong to the order Haloide.

SARCOLITE.
SPAR.

Sarcdrthe de Thomson. HAUY. Traite, 2de Ed. T. III.
p. 177.

Tessular. Combinations of the hexahedron and
the octahedron, Vol. I. Fig, 3.

148 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Fracture presenting a vitreous tissue. Colour
flesh-red. Hardness sufficient to scratch glass.

It is supposed by HAUY to be a variety of the hexahe-
dral Kouphone-spar; but the form of the octahedron having
never yet been observed in that species, an accurate exa-
mination of Sarcolite is still a desideratum.

SAUSSURITE.

Saussurite. JAM. Syst. Vol. I. p. 71- Man. p. 182.
Saussurite. PHILL. p. 135.

Prismatic. Cleavage two faces meeting at angles
of 124° nearly, pretty distinct. Traces parallel
to the short diagonal of that prism. Fracture
uneven splintery. Massive : composition granu-
lar ... impalpable, strongly coherent.

Lustre pearly, inclining to vitreous upon the faces
of cleavage ; resinous in compound varieties, par-
ticularly when cut and polished. Colour white,
passing into mountain-green, greenish- and ash-
grey. Streak white.

Brittle. Very difficultly frangible. Hardness = 5-5.
Sp. Gr. = 3-256 of a granular variety from Pied-
mont, 3-342 of a compact variety from the Pays
de Vaud.

Before the blowpipe it melts with difficulty into a white
glass. According to SAUSSURE and KLAPROTH, it con-
sists of

jl Silica 49-00 44-00.

Alumina 24-00 30-00.

Lime . 10-00 4-00.

Magnesia 3-75. Potash 0-25.

Oxide of Iron 6-50 12-50. .'-.*.

SCORODITE. 149

Oxide of Manganese 0-00 0-05.

Soda 5-50 6-00.

Loss 0-75 3-20.

Saussurite, or Jade, occurs in primitive mountains, and
constitutes with several varieties of the species of parato-
rnous and hemiprismatic Augite-spar, the rocks called gabbro
and euphotide. It is found in large masses in the Monte
Rosa, and in its neighbourhood ; in Corsica ; in the Bacher
mountain in Lower Stiria, in Bayreuth, &c.

SCORODITE.

Skorodite. JAM. Syst VoL III. p. 547. Man. p. 329.
Martial Arseniate of Copper. Skorodite. PHILL. p.
320. 321. Skorodit. BHEITHAUPT.

Prismatic. P rr 115° 6', 102° 1', 111° 34'. Vol. L
Fig. 9. AP.

a : b : c = 1 : V l^8 • V °'792-

Simple forms. P — oo (fr) ; P — 1 = 134° 37,
126° 25', 72° 4ff ; P (P) ; (Pr + cc)3 (d) =
60° 58' ; Pr + 1 (m) = 47° 59' ; Pr 4- oo ;
]?r + oo (r).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Comb. 1. P — GO. P. Loling, Carinthia.

2. P— oo. P. Pr-f-1. (Pr+a>)3. ?r+x.
Fig. 19. Loling.

3. P — l. P. Pr + 1. (fr-f-oo)3. Pr + OD.
Pr -f oo. Saxony.

Cleavage. (Pr -f oo)3 imperfect, traces of Pr + oo
and of Pr -f QD. Fracture uneven. Surface ;
P uneven and irregularly streaked parallel to its
own edges ; Pr 4- QD, partly also (Pr -f- GO)* in
a vertical direction. The rest of the faces com-
monly very smooth and even.

150 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to adamantine on the
surface, and to resinous in the interior. Colour
principally leek-green, which passes almost into
white, or also into olive-green and liver-brown.
Streak white. Semi-transparent ... translucent
on the edges.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 3-5 ... 4-0. Sp. Gr.
= 3-162.

Before the blowpipe it emits an arsenical odour, and melts
into a reddish-brown scoria, which acts upon the magnet,
If it has been heated long enough to drive off' all the arsenic.
According to FICINUS, it consists of

Arsenious Acid 31-40.

Sulphuric Acid 1-54.

Water 18-00.

Protoxide of Iron, with Magne- \
sia, Lime, and Manganese /
It occurs in primitive mountains at Schwarzenberg in
Saxony with prismatic Arsenical-pyrites, at Lb'ling near
Hiittenberg in Carinthia with axotomous Arsenical-pyri-
tes ; it is accompanied in the latter place also by octahedral
Bismuth and brachytypous Parachrose-baryte. Beautiful
specimens have lately been brought from Brazil. It occurs
in several of the Cornish mines. The Martial Arseniate of
Copper from Cornwall seems to be merely a variety of the
Scorodite. It consists, according to CHENEVIX, of oxide
of copper 22-5, arsenic acid 33-5, oxide of iron 27 '5, water
12*0, and silica 3-0.

SELENIURET OF COPPER. ; -:Q

Cuivre se'le'nie. HAUY. Traite', 2de Ed. T. III. p. 469.
Seleniuret of Copper. PUILL. p. 304.

Massive ; also superficial upon fissures in rhombo-
hedral Lime-haloide.

SERPENTINE. 151

Lustre metallic. Colour silver- white. Streak shin-
ing.

Soft. Malleable.

It acquires negative electricity by friction. It inelts
easily upon charcoal into a grey malleable globule, giving
out a strong smell of selenium, and consists of selenium
and copper. It has been hitherto exclusively found in the
Skrickerum copper mine, in Smaland in Sweden.

SERPENTINE.

Serpentine. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 292. Man. p. 36.
Serpentine. PHILL. p. 97-

Prismatic. P = 139° 34', 105° 26',, 88° 26'. VoL I.
Fig. 9. AP.

a : k : c = 1 : V 4-3 : J 1-4.

Simple forms. P (P); (Pr)3 (n) ; (?r +o>)»
(d) = 82° 27 ; ?r (o) = JL28° 31' ; ?r + 1 (r)
= 92° 4'; Pr + oo (ft) ; Pr + oo (s).

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Comb. 1. ?r. P. (?r + oo)3. jfr + 00. Pr + oo-

Sim. Fig. 25.

2. Pr. P. Pr + 1. (Pr)3. (?r+oo)5. ?r + QD.
Pr + oc. Fig. 33.

Cleavage. Traces of Pr + oo and of (Pr -f- cr>)5,
apparent only in a strong light. Fracture flat
conch oidal, splintery, uneven. Surface, almost
dull, very little glistening, but rather even.

Lustre resinous, indistinct, low degrees of intensity.
Colour dark blackish- and leek-green, seldom
lighter shadesof oil-green and siskin-green colours,
none of them being bright ; they pass into yel-

152 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

lo wish -grey. Streak white, acquires some lustre.
Translucent ... opake.

Sectile. Hardness = 3-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-507 of a
greenish-black crystallised variety ; = 2-560 of
an oil-green, translucent one.

Compound Varieties. Massive : composition
granular, impalpable. Varieties of this kind pre-
sent also red, brown, black, yellow, and grey
colours, in different ^veined, spotted, and other deli-
neations. The purer varieties sometimes possess an
indistinct slaty structure.

The regular forms have been observed in a blackish-
green variety, the locality of which is unknown. Serpentine
is said to occur crystallised in the Tyrol. Imbedded crys-
tals, the prismatic form of which, however, is nearly obli-
terated, occur in the weisstein of Penig in Saxony. Ser-
pentine often contains crystals and grains of octahedral Iron-
ore, which must be well attended to, if we determine its
hardness and specific gravity.

Serpentine is generally divided into two subspecies, the
common and precious Serpentine, the latter of which again
comprises a conchoidal and a splintery kind, distinguished in
colour, fracture, and transparency. It hardens on being
exposed to fire, and melts only with great difficulty on
the edges. According to JOHN, it consists of

Silica 42-50.

Magnesia 38-63.

Alumina 1-00.

Lime 0-25.

Oxide of Iron 1-50.

Oxide of Manganese 0-62,

Oxide of Chrome 0-25.

Water 15-20.

Serpentine forms mountain masses and beds in primitive

SILLIMANITE. 153

rocks, and frequently contains crystals, grains, or compound
nodules of various other species. Precious Serpentine, hi
particular, is often mixed with granular limestone. The
different varieties of Serpentine are met with in Saxony,
Silesia, Austria, Hungary, Stiria, Italy, Corsica, Sweden,
in England and Scotland, and other countries. It is turned
on the lathe into vases, and also worked into different or-
naments.

SILLIMANITE.

SPAR.

Sillimanite. BOWEV. Journ. of the Acad. of Sc. of Phila-
delphia. VoL III. p. 3J5.

Hemi-prismatic. It occurs crystallised in four-
sided prisms of about 106° SCK, the inclination
of the base on the axis being 113°.

Cleavage parallel to the long diagonal of the prism.
Fracture, uneven, splintery. Surface often
rounded, the crystals themselves bent.

Lustre, considerable upon the single face of cleav-
age. Colour dark grey, passing into clove-brown.
Translucent on the edges.

Hardness, superior to quartz or even to topaz.
Brittle and easily reduced to powder. Sp. Gr.
= 3-410. Electricity or magnetism none.

It was found by BOWEN to contain

Alumina 54*1 11.

Silica 42-666.

Oxide of Iron 1-999.

Water 0-510.

It is infusible before the blowpipe, whether alone or with
borax, and is not acted upon by acids. It occurs in the

154 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

town of Saybrook, Connecticut, and was formerly consider-
ed as a variety of Anthopyllite. The analysis agrees ex-
actly with that of prismatic Disthene-spar by KLAPROTH,
(Vol. II. p. 215.). No exact crystallographic description is
given, but the angle of 106° 30' is very near the incidence of
P on M, 106° 15', in that species, also the specific gravity is
not much different, and the great hardness may perhaps
be accounted for by the want of a more general diffusion of
correct methods for ascertaining this property. Sillimanite is
therefore probably a variety of the prismatic Disthene-spar.

SOMERVILLITE.

Somervillite. BROOKE. Brande's Quarterly Journal. Vol.
XVI. p. 274.

Pyramidal. P = 134° 48', 65° 5(K Vol. I. Fig. 8.
BROOKE.

a = V 0-419.
Simple forms. P — co (P) ; P (a) ; P + o> (d) ;

[P 4. a,] (M) ; (P + oo)3 (e) = 126° 52' 12",

143° 7 48".
Combination of all these forms, resembling Fig. 101 .,

having the apex, and the edges between g and

I replaced.
Cleavage, P — GO perfect, none observable parallel

to the axis.
Lustre more glassy in the cross fracture than that

of pyramidal Garnet. Colour pale dull yellow.
Hardness inferior to that of pyramidal Garnet.

It decrepitates before the blowpipe, and melts alone into
a grey coloured globule, with borax into a colourless one.
It occurs at Mount Vesuvius, associated with black mica
and other minerals.

SPH.£RULITE. 155

SORDAWALITE.

Sordawalite. NORDENSKIOLD. Edinb. Phil. Journ. VoL IX.
p. 162. Sordawalite. PHILL. p. 210.

Massive : composition impalpable ; no trace of
cleavage. Fracture conchoidal.

O

Lustre vitreous, inclining to semi-metallic. Colour

greenish- or greyish-black. Opake.
Brittle. Hardness equal to that of glass. Sp. Gr.

= 2 530, NOEDENSKIOLD.

It becomes reddish by exposure to the atmosphere. Be-
fore the blowpipe it forms with difficulty a blackish glo-
bule. With a small quantity of soda it yields a blackish-
green globule; with a larger quantity a rough slaggy mass
is produced. Borax dissolves it into a green glass. It is
partly soluble in muriatic acid. Analysis by NORDENSKIOLD ;

Silica 49-40.

Alumina 13-80.

Peroxide of Iron 18-17.

Magnesia 10-67.

Phosphoric Acid 2-68.

Water 4-38.

It occurs near the town of Sordawala in Finland, in layers
from half an inch to an inch in thickness in a primitive rock*

SPJLERULITE.

Sphaerulite. JAM. Syst. VoL III. p. 545. Man. p. 330.
Sphaerulite. PHILL. p. 209.

Imbedded spheroidal masses. Surface of some
of them smooth, of others rough. Composition
columnar ... impalpable. In the latter case the
fracture even, splintery.

Colour various shades of brown and grey. Trans-
lucent on the edges ... opake.

156 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Brittle. Hard (it scratches quartz slightly, BREIT-
HAUPT). Sp. Gr. = 2-52 from Spechtshausen ;
= 2-40 from Hungary, BREITHAUPT.

Before the blowpipe it is almost infusible, only the edges
become covered with a sort of enamel. It is said to be
very nearly related to obsidian in respect to its composi-
tion. It occurs at Glashiitte near Schemnitz in Hungary,
imbedded in pearlstone, and at Spechtshausen near Tharand
in Saxony, imbedded in pitchstone, both varieties of em-
pyrodox Quartz. It was first distinguished by Mr BREIT-
HAUPT.

SPINELLANE.

Spinellane. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 549. Man. p. 331.
Spinellane. PHILL. p. 127.

Tessular form, the dodecahedron, sometimes com-
bined with the hexahedron. PHILL. Grains.
Cleavage, the dodecahedron, imperfect. Fracture
conchoidal, uneven.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
greyish-black, passing into ash-grey and brown.
Sometimes a whitish play of light parallel to the
faces of the hexahedron. Translucent ... opake.

Hardness = 5-5 ... 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-282.

Before the blowpipe it is infusible, whether alone or
with additions. According to KLAPIIOTH, it consists of
Silica 43-00.

Alumina 29-50.

Lime 1-50.

Soda 19-00.

Oxide of Iron 2-00.
Sulphur 1-00.

Water 2-50.

STEATITE OR SOAPSTONK. 157

It occurs on the shores of the lake of Laach, along with
prismatic Feld-spar, hemi-prismatic Augite-spar, octahedral
Iron-ore, &c. It resembles pitchstone when broken, and
according to the observations of Dr BREWSTER, also in its
structure, when examined in thin splinters by a powerful
microscope. The name of Nosin has been given to it, in
honour of Mr NOSE, its first discoverer.

STEATITE OR SOAPSTONE.

Steatite or Soapstone. JAM. Syst. Vol, II. p. 255. Man.
p. 125. Soap-stone. PHILL. p. 118.

Crystals, chiefly of the rhombohedral system, and
among these particularly such as resemble varieties
of rhombohedral Quartz, and macrotypous Lime-
haloide, the nature of which is as yet problematic.
The crystals are found imbedded in the massive
varieties of the same mineral. Massive ; compo-
sition impalpable, fracture uneven, splintery.

Colour generally white, passing into grey, green,
yellow, red. Streak having a faint resinous lustre.
Translucent on the edges.

Perfectly sectile. Feels greasy. Does not adhere
to the tongue. Soft ... very soft. Sp. Gr. =
2 604 ... 2-632, BREITHAUPT.

Before the blowpipe it is very difficultly fusible, and only
partly vitrified. According to KLAPROTH, it consists of

From Baircuth. From Cornwall.
Silica 59-50 45-00.

Magnesia 30-50 24-75.

Alumina 0-00 9'25.

Oxide of Iron 2-50 1-00.

Water 5-50 18-00.

153 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

It is met with at Wunsiedel and Gopfersgrun in Bai-
reuth, in the Lizard district in Cornwall, in Saxony, in
Piedmont, in Sweden, in China, &c., most commonly in
veins, but also sometimes in imbedded irregular masses in
serpentine.

STILPNOSIDERITE. .-, -en":
ORE.

Stilpnosiderite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 549. Man. p. 331.
Stilpnosiderite. PHILL. p. 227.

Small reniform and irregular dendritic shapes, mas-
sive. Composition impalpable. Fracture rather
perfectly conchoidal.

JLustre resinous. Colour brownish-black, blackish-
brown. Streak yellowish-brown. Feebly trans-
lucent on the edges ... opake.

Brittle. Hardness = 4-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-611, a re-
niform variety.

Before the blowpipe it becomes black, but is infusible.
With borax it yields a dark olive-green glass, but is not
melted itself. According to VAUQUELIN and ULLMANN,
it consists of

Oxide of Iron 80-25 80-50.

SiKca >' 3-75 2-25.

Water 15-00 16-00.

Oxide of Manganese 0-00 a trace.

From the observations of Mr FREIESLEBEN, relative to
the process of smelting this ore, it appears that it also con-
tains phosphoric acid.

It occurs at Scheibenberg and Raschau in Saxony, in
the county of Henneberg, in Thuringia, in Nassau, in the
Hartz, &c.

Stilpnosiderite is generally considered as a variety of
prismatic Iron-ore; it possesses a stronger lustre, from
which property the name has been dejcived.

SULPHATE OF POTASH. 159

STROMN1TE.

Bary-Strontianite or Stromnite. TRAILL. Trans. Roy.
Soc. Edinb. VoL IX. P. 1. p. 81. PHJLL. p. 187-

Massive : composition thin columnar, and shewing
traces of crystallisation.

Colour yellowish-white internally ; on the outside,
where it appears to be disintegrated, it is greyish-
white. Lustre inclining to pearly, faint. Trans-
lucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 3-5. Scratches calc-spar,
but not fluor-spar. Sp. Gr. = 3-703, TEA ILL.

According to Dr TRAILL, it contains

Carbonate of Strontia G8-G.
Sulphate of Baryta 27'5.
Carbonate of Lime 2-C.
Oxide of Iron 0-1.

It effervesces with acids, but is infusible before the blow-
pipe. It occurs in veins along with hexahedral Lead-glance,
in a kind of clay-slate at Stromness in Orkney.

SULPHATE OF POTASH.
SALT.

Potasse sulfate'e. HADY. Traite', 2de Ed. T. II. p. 187.

Prismatic. P = 131° 15', 112° 32', 87° 34'. VoL I.
Fig. 9. AP.

a : b : c= 1 : V 3'06 i.Jl-69.

Simple forms. P — oo ; P (P) ; P + QD = 106° 46' ;
(Pr)3 (a) ; (Pr + <z>)3 (d) = 67° 5^; £r (o)
= 120° 29'; f :Pr + 2=60°30'; £r + QD (p) ;
(Pr + oc) (*).

100 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Char, of Comb. Prismatic.

Combinations. 1 . Pr. Pr -f CD. Pr + QD. (Pot. sulf.
prismatique. HAUY.)

2, P. (Pr+oo)3. (Pot.sulf.dodecaedre. HAUY.)
Sim. Fig. 7. without s*

3. Pr. P. (Pr)3. P + oo. (Pr+oo)3. f r 4- CD.
Pr-f oo. Sim. Fig. 30., the edges between
d and s being replaced by the faces of P -j- oo.

There is almost always regular composition paral-
lel to one or both faces of Pr.

Cleavage, very indistinct, parallel to Pr and
pr 4- QD, the latter a little more apparent ; Traces
of Pr + QD. Fracture imperfect conchoidal ...
uneven. Surface; (Pr-f-co)3, and partly also
P -f x irregularly streaked parallel to their com-
mon edges of combination ; the rest of the faces
smooth.

Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. Colour
white, yellowish or greyish, sometimes superfi-
cially greenish or blueish. Streak white, a little
shining. Transparent ... translucent.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp, Gr.
=r 1-731. Taste saline and bitter, disagreeable.

Its chemical formula is K S2, according to BERZELIUS,
corresponding to

Sulphuric Acid 45-93.
Totash 54-07.

. It occurs at Mount Vesuvius. The regular forms of
this salt have heen likewise ascertained to belong to the
prismatic system, by Dr BREWSTER, and by Messrs BROOKE
and LEVY.

TENNANTITE. 161

TENNANTITE.
GLAHCE.

Tennantite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 563. Man. p. 332
Tennantite. PHILL. p. 304.

Semi-tessular, with inclined faces. Combinations
similar to Fig. 158 ... 161 ; often in regular
compositions, according to the law of Fig. 164.
Cleavage dodecahedron, imperfect Sometimes
massive, composition granular ... impalpable.
Fracture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour blackish lead-grey. Streak
reddish-grey. Opake.

Brittle. Scratches prismatic and tetrahedral copper-
glance, W. PHILL. Sp. Gr. = 4-375, R. PHILL.

The existence of the regular composition is most easily
ascertained by the striae upon the faces of the hexahedron,
which are parallel to the edges of combination with one of
the tetrahedrons.

Before the blowpipe Tennantite decrepitates a little, and
burns with a blue flame, emitting copious arsenical vapours,
and melting at last into a black scoria, which affects the
magnetic needle. According to Mr R. PHILLIPS, it con.
sistsof

Copper 45*32.

Arsenic 11 '84.

Iron 9-26.

Sulphur 28-74.

Silica 5-00.

It occurs in several of the Cornish copper mines, in yeins
traversing granite and clay-slate, and is accompanied by
several ores of copper.

VOL. in. r

162 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

THOMSONITE.
KOUPHONE-SPAB..

Thomsonite. BROOKE. Ann. of PhiL Vol. XVI. p. 193.
THOMSON. Ibid. p. 408. PHILL. p. 39.

Prismatic. P + oo =r 90° 4(X, BROOKE. Crystals
elongated in the direction of the axis, having
the apices engaged. Massive : composition co-
lumnar, radiating from common centres.

Cleavage, parallel to Pr -f oo, and Pr -f- GO, form-
ing a rectangular four-sided prism, very easily
obtained. Fracture uneven. Surface smooth.

Lustre vitreous, much inclining to pearly. Colour
white. Transparent ... translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 5-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-37, BROOKE.

According to THOMSON and BERZELIUS, it consists of

Silica 36-80

38-30.

Alumina 31-36

30-20.

Lime 15-40

13-54.

Soda 0-00

4-53.

Magnesia 0-20
Peroxide of Iron 0-60

0-40.
0-00.

Water 13-00

13-10.

It intumesces before the blowpipe, and becomes snow-white
and opake, but does not melt. It occurs with axotomous
Triphane-spar, in the trap-rocks of Kilpatrick, near Dum-
barton in Scotland.

THULITE.

SPAR.

Thulite. BROOKE. Crystallography, p. 494. PHILL. p. 211

Cleavage, parallel to the sides of a rhombic prism-
of 92° 30' and 87° 30V

TIX-PYRJTES. 163

Colour rose-red. Streak greyish-white.
Scratched by quartz, and yielding to the knife
with difficulty.

This mineral is very imperfectly described, as all the
properties given do not suffice, if it be a particular species,
to distinguish it from the Manganese-spar, at least by cha-
racters derived from the descriptions of the two substances.
It occurs at Tellemarken in Norway with rhombohedral
Quartz, octahedral Fluor-haloide, and Cyprine, which is
said to be a cupriferous variety of pyramidal Garnet.

TIN-PYRITES.

GLANCE.

Tin-Pyrites. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 325. Man. p. 332.
Tin Pyrites. Sulphuret of Tin. PHILL. p. 254.

Form probably tessular. Massive : composition

granular, strongly coherent. Fracture uneven,

imperfect conchoidal.
Lustre metallic. Colour steel-grey, inclining to

yellow. Streak black. Opake.
Brittle. Hardness = 4-0. Sp. Gr. = 4-350,

KLAPROTH.

In the collections of Mr RASHLEIGH of Menabilly, and
Mr WILLIAMS of Scorrier, crystals of Tin-pyrites are
preserved, having apparently the form of regular hexahe-
drons, but their surface is dull. The traces of cleavage,
sometimes observed in massive varieties, seem likewise to
be parallel to this form, and at the same time parallel to
the dodecahedron.

Before the blowpipe sulphur is driven off, and the mine-
ral melts into a blackish scoria, without yielding a metallic
button. It is soluble in nitre-muriatic acid, during which

164 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

the sulphur is precipitated. According to KLAPBOTH,
it consists of

Tin 34-00.

Copper 36-00.

Iron 2-00.

Sulphur 25-00.

It is found near St Agnes in Cornwall, with pyramidal
Copper-pyrites, dodecahedral Garnet-blende, &c.

TOERELITE.
Torrelite. RENWICK. Ann. of Phil.

No description.

The analysis by Professor RENWICK gives
Silica 32-60.

Peroxide of Cerium 12-32.
Protoxide of Iron 2 1 -00.
Alumina 3-68.

Lime 24-08.

Water 3-50.

It occurs in Sussex county, New Jersey.

TRONA.

SALT.

Trona. HAIDINGER,

For Synonymes, vide Vol. II. p. 27- Tr
Edinb. Journ. of Science. Vol. II. p. 325.

Hemi-prismatic. Combinations observed resem-
bling Fig. 75., without r. Inclination of M on
T = 103° J5', of n on n, adj. = 132° 30', nearly.

Cleavage highly perfect, parallel to M9 traces par-
allel to T and n. Fracture uneven. Surface,
T often striated parallel to its edges of combi-
nation with M.

Lustre vitreous. Colour white, sometimes yellow-

TUNGSTATE OF LEAD. 165

ish. Streak white. Transparent . . . translucent.
Index of refraction, ord. = 1-43., extr. 1-53.
Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr. =5 2-112.

Compound Varieties. Thin columnar composi-
tions of crystals lengthened between M and T ;
fracture radiated, owing to the longitudinal distinct
face of cleavage.

The analysis of this mineral by KLAPROTH has been given
above, Vol. II. p. 29., agreeing with BERZELIUS formula
Na C3 + 4 Aq, or 37-99 of soda, 40-15 carbonic acid, and
21-86 of water. It does not melt in its water of crystalli-
sation, and is not altered by the influence of the atmo-
sphere. It is formed on the banks of the natron lakes in
Sukena, a province of the kingdom of Fezzan in Africa, in
the shape of crystalline coats, and occurs also on the surface
of the earth. It is exported from thence in considerable
quantities under the name of Trona. The natural carbon-
ate of soda from the lake of Merida in Columbia, probably
also belongs to this species.

TUNGSTATE OF LEAD.
BARYTE.

Tungstate of Lead. PHILL. p. 350.

Probably pyramidal. Crystals acute four-sided
pyramids and prisms in parallel position, contrac-
ted at the ends, and aggregated in bunches.

Lustre resinous. Colour yellowish-grey. Faintly
translucent.

Before the blowpipe it melts and gives off vapours of
lead, leaving a crystalline globule of a dark colour and met-
allic aspect, which yields a pale grey powder. When the
lead has been driven off, it yields with borax a yellow

166 ,T PHYSIOGliAPHXY

globule, transparent and dark red on cooling, and with salt
of phosphorus, at a certain degree of saturation, a blue one
in the reducing flame. It occurs at Zinnwald in Saxony,
associated with rhombohedral Quartz and Mica, and was
first noticed as a particular species, and subjected to a che-
mical examination by Messrs BREITHAUPT and LAM-
PADIUS.

TUENEEITE.

Turnerite. LEVY. Ann. of Phil. XVIII. p. 241. PHILL.
p. 382.

Hemi-prismatic. Combinations having the general
appearance of the crystal of prismatic Azure-ma-
lachite, represented Fig. 66.

Measurements of the angles, according to LEVY and
PHILLIPS :

M on M (over i) = 96° 10'. h on c = 1 42° 29'.

g on g (over i) = 131° 50'. c on a = 92° 55'.

M on x = 140° SO*, h on a = 124° 36'.

h on M (over*) = 80° 20'. a' on x = 143° 307.

ft on JW(over k) = 99° 40'. h on k = 133° 50'.

There are moreover five prisms indicated in the situation

of l,f, P, whose edges, contiguous to the face /*, are 130° 34',

98° 50', 94° 44', 90° 0', and 55° 36' ; the first and third

have been observed by Mr LEVY, the other three by Mr

PHILLIPS.

Cleavage parallel to both diagonals of the prism re-
sulting from the enlargement of the faces M9
one of them more perfect.

Lustre nearly adamantine. Colour several shades
of yellow, often inclining to brown. Streak
white, sometimes greyish. Transparent . . . trans-
lucent.

VAUQUELINITE. 1G7

Scratches ftubr pretty readily, but yields to the
knife.

According to the experiments of Mr CHILDREN, it con-
sists chiefly of alumina, lime, magnesia, and a little iron,
but very little silica, and no titanium. It was formerly
confounded with prismatic Titanium-ore, but is said to have
afterwards been distinguished from it under the name of
Pictite. Its locality is Mount Sorel in Dauphiny, where
it is accompanied by rhombohedral Quartz, prismatic Feld-
spar, Albite, Crichtonite, and pyramidal Titanium-ore.

VAUQUELINITE. : « ;

MALACHITE ?

Vauquelinit. LEONH. S. 248. Vauquelinite. Chromate
of Liead and Copper. PHILL. p. 350.

Henri-prismatic. Minute crystals, nearly resem-
bling Fig. 59., with the obtuse edges oa re-
placed, compressed between P and P, and join-
ed in regular compositions, parallei to a plane,
which passes through the crystals in the direc-
tion of ee, and intersects the acute lateral edges.
Inclination of P on P', from the other indivi-
dual, nearly = 134° 3& ; of the edge oa, or its
replacement, on P, about 149°.

Fracture uneven. Surface, P smooth and even,
the rest of the faces a little curved.

Lustre adamantine, often faint. Colour blackish-
green, olive-green. Streak siskin-green, often
inclining to brown. Faintly translucent, with a
fine olive-green tint, opake.

Rather brittle. Hardness = 2-5 ... 3-0. Sp. Gr.
= 5-5 ... 5*78, LEONH ARD.

168 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Compound Varieties. Botryoidal, reniform,
massive: composition generally impalpable, sur-
face drusy or rough, fracture imperfect and flat
conchoidal, lustre faint resinous.

Alone 4 before the blowpipe it intumesces a little, and
then froths and melts into a greyish globule, giving at the
same time some globules of lead. In the oxidating flame a
small quantity effervesces with, and imparts a green colour
to borax and salt of phosphorus, which remains transpa-
rent on cooling ; but in the reducing flame the globule
turns red and transparent, or red and opake, or finally
black, according to the quantity of the mineral employed.
According to BERZELIUS, it consists of

Oxide of Lead 60-87.

Oxide of Copper 10-80.

Chromic Acid 28-33.

It occurs at Beresof in Siberia, along with hemi-prisnia-
tic and rhombohedral Lead-baryte, and has been quoted
also from Brazil, where it likewise accompanies the hemi-
prismatic Lead-baryte.

VELVET-BLUE COPPEB.
MALACHITE ?

Velvet-Blue Copper. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 320. Man.
p. 332.

Short capillary crystals, in velvety druses and
coatings.

Lustre pe$rly. Colour bright smalt-blue. Trans-
lucent.

It has been found lining drusy cavities in prismatic Iron-
ore, only at Moldawa in the Bannat of Temeswar, accom-
panied by several ores of copper. This rare substance is
very imperfectly known, and also its chemical composition
has not been ascertained.

WAVELLITE. 169

WAGNERITE.
Wagnerit. FUCHS. Schweiggers Journal. VoL III. p. 269.

Hemi-prismatic. Horizontal projection of a crystal
represented Fig. 197* ; a is not a right angle,
b, Jc, and g, if enlarged, would produce parallel
edges of combination.

Lustre vitreous. Colour several shades of yellow,
sometimes nearly orange-yellow, often inclining
to grey. Streak white. Translucent.

Hardness = 5-0 ... 5-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-11, FUCHS.

It has been analysed by FUCHS, who found it to con-
sist of

Phosphoric Acid 41-73.

Fluoric Acid 6-50.

Magnesia 4<>-66.

Oxide of Iron 5-00.

Oxide of Manganese 0'50.

The only locality of Wagnerite known at present, is the
valley called Hb'llgraben near \Verfen in Salzburg, where
it occurs in short and irregular veins of rhombohedral
Quartz in clay-slate.

WAVELLITE.
HALOIDE.

Wavellite. JAM. Syst. VoL I. p. 389. Man. p. 333. Wa-
vellite. Subphosphate of Alumine. PHILL. p. 146.

Prismatic. Pr = 107° 26'. P + oo = 122° 15',
PHILL. Cleavage, P -f- oo and Pr 4- oo, perfect.

• I have been indebted for this drawing to Dr GUSTAVUS
HOSE, who first ascertained the crystal to which it refers, in
the possession of Mr HEULAND, to be "Wagnerite. H.

170 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Implanted globules ; composition thin columnar.

Surface drusy.
Lustre of the faces of cleavage intermediate between

pearly and vitreous. Colour white, passing into

several shades of green, grey, brown, and black.

Translucent.
Hardness = 3-5 ... 4-0. Sp. Gr. = 2-337, of the

variety from Barnstaple.

Before the blowpipe it loses its lustre and transparency,
but does not melt. With boracic acid and iron wire, it
yields a globule of phosphuret of iron. It consists, accord-
ing to FUCHS and BERZELIUS, of

Alumina 37'20 35-35.

Phosphoric Acid 35-12 33-40.

Fluoric Acid 0-00 2-06.

Lime 0-00 0-50.

Oxide of Iron and Manganese 0-00 1-25.

Water 28-00 26-80.

It occurs at Barnstaple in Devonshire, in small veins in
clay-slate ; at St Austle in Cornwall, in veins traversing
granite, accompanied by octahedral Fluor-haloide, pyrami-
dal Tin-ore, pyramidal Copper-pyrites, &c. ; in the Shiant
isles in Scotland ; at Zbirow near Beraun in Bohemia, in
a kind of sandstone; at Amberg in the Upper Palatinate,
with prismatic Iron-ore, &c. ; in fine varieties near Cork in
Ireland, and in Brazil.

WITHAMITE.

AUGITE-SPAR.

Withamite. BREWSTER. Edin. Journ. of Science. Vol. II.
p. 218.

Hemi-prismatic. Minute crystals observed similar
to Fig. 75, lengthened between M and T9 aggre-

YELLOW TELLURIUM. 171

gated in globular masses, radiating from their
centres. Inclination of r on T = 128° 20',
of Mon T= 116° 40', nearly, BREWSTER.

Lustre vitreous. Colour carmine-red and pale
straw-yellow, in two different directions, perpen-
dicular to each other, and to the lengthened
prisms. Streak white. Translucent.

Brittle. Hardness = 6-0 ... C-5. Sp. Gr. = 3-137,
TURNER.

Before the blowpipe it intumesces, but fuses only with
difficulty into a dark greenish-grey scoria. Salt of phos-
phorus dissolves it with effervescence into a globule, which
contains a skeleton of silica, and becomes opake on cooling
It shews nearly the same reactions as the Epidote from
Arendal, with which it likewise agrees in most of its other
properties. This mineral is named in compliment to Mr
WITHABI, who discovered it in Gleucoe in Scotland, in a
reddish trap-rock.

YELLOW TELLURIU&.

Yellow Gold-Glance, or Yellow Tellurium. JAM. Syst.
Vol. III. p. 379. Yellow Tellurium. PHJLL. p. 328.

Prismatic. Combination similar to Fig. 14., having
the edges between p and p, between P and P,
and between M and M replaced. Inclination
of the edge y on the edge y = 74° 30' ; of p on
p (adj.) = 73° 40', of M on M = 143°, of p on
U — 123° 3(X, BROOKE.

Imbedded crystalline lamina?. Traces of cleavage.
Fracture uneven.

Lustre metallic. Colour silver-white, much inclin-
ing to brass-yellow. Opake.

172 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Kather brittle. Soft, BREITHAUPT. Sp. Gr. =
10-678, MULLE& VON REICHENSTEIN.

Before the blowpipe it melts into a metallic globule, and
emits a pungent odour. It is soluble in nitric acid, and
consists, according to KLAPROTH, of

Tellurium 44-75.

Gold 2675.

Lead 19-50.

Silver 8-50.

Sulphur 0-50.

As yet it is only known from Nagyag in Transylvania,
where it occurs with prismatic Tellurium-glance, hexahedral
Glance-blende, macrotypous Parachrose-baryte, &c. in veins
traversing porphyry.

YTTRO-CERITE.

Yttro-cerite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 566. Man. p. 334.
Yttrocerite. PHILL. p. 265.

Massive. Composition granular, strongly coherent,

impalpable. Fracture uneven.
Colour violet-blue, inclining to grey and white ;

sometimes white on the surface. Opake.
Scratches octahedral Fluor-haloide, and is scratched

by rhombohedral Quartz, BERZELIUS. Sp. Gr. =

3-447, BERZELIUS.

Before the blowpipe it loses its colour, and becomes
white before it glows, but is infusible by itself. With sul-
phate of lime it melts into a globule, which becomes white
on cooling. According to BERZELIUS, it consists of

Lime 47-63 50-00.

Fluoric Acid 25-05 25-45.

Yttria 9-11 8-10.

Oxide of Cerium 18-22 1 6-45.

YTTKO TAXTALITE. 173

It occurs at Finbo ancl Broddbo, near Fahlun hi Sweden,
along with Albite and rhombohedral Emerald, and is im-
bedded in rhombohedral Quartz.

YTTRO-TANTALITE.
ORE.

Yttro-Tantalite. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 177- Yttro-
columbite. PHILL. p. 271.

L Black Yttro-tantalite.

Indistinct traces of crystallisation. Fracture lamel-
lar in one direction, coarse granular in another.
Disseminated, seldom of the size of a hazel nut.

Imperfect metallic lustre. Opake. Colour black.
Streak grey.

Brittle. Scratches glass. Sp. Gr. = 5-395, BER-

ZELICS.

ii. Yellow Yttro-tantaHte.

No trace of crystallisation. It is found between
felspar in the state of lamellae, seldom in grains
not exceeding the size of a pepper corn. The
longitudinal fracture of the lamellae is foliated,
the cross fracture fine grained.

Lustre resinous on the surface, vitreous in the
fracture. Colour yellowish-brown, accidentally
with green spots or stripes. Streak white . . . opake.

Scratches glass with difficulty, but is very distinctly
scratched by it. Sp. Gr. = 5-882, ECKEBERG.

iii. Dark Yttro-tantalite.

No trace of crystallisation. Occurs with the pre-
ceding, commonly in thin laminae, seldom in

174 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

grains. Fracture conchoidal in one direction,
fine grained in another.

Lustre intermediate between vitreous and resinous.
Colour black, inclining but little to brown.
Streak white. Very small fragments are trans-
lucent, almost colourless, sometimes a little yel-
lowish.

Hardness equal to that of the yellow variety.

From the analysis of these different kinds, BERZELIUS
obtained the following results :

Black. Yellow. Dark.

Oxide of Tantalum 57'00 59-50—60-124 51-815.
Yttria 20-25 24-90—29780 38-515.

Lime 6-25 3-29— 0-500 3-260.

Oxide of Uranium 0-50 8-23—6-622 1-111.

Tungstic Acid with Tin 8-25 pure 1-25—1-044 2-592.
Oxide of Iron 3-50 2-72— 1-155 0-555.

These three kinds have been discovered and described by
BERZELIUS in the Afhandllngar i Fysik, &c., Vol. IV.
p. 268. By themselves they are all infusible before
the blowpipe ; but they decrepitate and acquire a lighter
colour. The black Yttro-tantalite froths and melts with
soda, but not the others. Borax dissolves them and forms a
yellowish glass, which easily loses its transparency. They
are not acted upon by acids.

The different kinds of Yttro-tantalite occur at Ytterby,
and in the neighbourhood of Fahlun in Sweden.

ZEAGONITE.

GEM.

Abrazite. Zeagonite. Oismondine. PHILL. p. 11. Gis-
mondin. LEONH. S. 645.

Pyramidal. P = 122° 54', 85° 2'. Vol. I, Fig. 8.
BROOKE. Combination observed, P. P 4- o>v

ZEAGOXITE. . 175

Cleavage imperfect parallel to P + oo. Surface, P
frequently rounded, P -f GO smooth, and though
generally very small, yet possessing high degrees
of lustre. Fracture conchoidal.

Lustre adamantine. Colour pale smalt-blue, milk-
white, pearl-grey, and rose-red. Translucent, in
small crystals nearly transparent.

Hardness = 7*0 ... 7-5.

According to CARPI, it consists of

Silica 41-4.

Lime 48-6.

Alumina 2-5.

Magnesia 1 '5*

Oxide of Iron 2-5.

It phosphoresces before the blowpipe, and becomes friable,
but is infusible. It gelatinises with acids, without effer-
vescence. It occurs along with white octahedrons of oc-
tahedral Fluor-haloide, with prismatic Feld-spar and other
species in the drusy cavities of a volcanic rock at Capo di
Bove near Rome. In all its characters, Zeagonite is most
nearly allied to pyramidal Zircon, as a variety of which it
has often been considered, the difference of the angles given
by Mr BROOKE being only 0° 25' on the terminal edges, and
0° 42' on the lateral edges of the fundamental pyramid.
Also the refraction is very considerable, and approaches
near that of the same species. Pyramidal Zircon will
therefore make an interesting point of comparison with
the Zeagonite, in future examinations of this mineral. It
is evident that the mineral, of which Mr PHILLIPS has
given the angle at the base of the four-sided pyramid =
96° 30', and which is said to yield to the nail, must be an-
other species than that described above, the angles of which
have been ascertained by Mr BROOKE. The name of
Abrazile is sometimes applied to a mineral, which seems to
be a variety of paratomous Kouphone-spar (Vol. ii. p. 229.).

176 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ZURLITE.

Zurlite. PHILL. p. 212. Zurlit. LEONH. p. 663.
Form, rectangular four-sided prisms, lengthened in

the direction of the axis, and having sometimes

their lateral edges replaced.
Cleavage indistinct. Fracture conchoidal. Surface

rough, generally covered with a white coating,

sometimes convex.
Lustre resinous. Colour asparagus-green. Streak

said to be pearl-grey.
Hardness about 6-0. Sp. Gr. = 3-274.

It is infusible before the blowpipe, but yields with borax
a black glass. Nitric acid dissolves it, partly with effer-
vescence, and assumes a yellow colour.

Zurlite has been discovered and described as above, by
REMONDINI, in the Memoirs of the Academy of Naples.

APPENDIX II.

MINERALS, WHICH WILL PROBABLY NEVER FORM DISTINCT
SPECIES IN THE MINERAL SYSTEM.

ADHESIVE SLATE.

Adhesive Slate. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 68. Man. p. 476.
Adhesive Slate. PHILL. p. 50.

Massive : composition impalpable. Principal frac-
ture slaty, more and less perfect. Cross fracture
even, flat conchoidal.

Colour yellowish-grey, passing into white and smoke-
grey. A little shining in the streak. Feebly
translucent on the edges.

Sectile. Adheres strongly to the tongue, feels a
little greasy, and is very soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-086,
KLAPROTH.

It absorbs water with great avidity, but does not fall

to pieces. On being exposed to a red heat, it becomes

brownish-red, and loses in weight. It consists, according
to KLAPROTH and LAMPADIUS, of

Silica 66-50 30-80.

Alumina 7*00 0-00.

Magnesia 1-50 28-00.

Lime 1-25 0-80.

Oxide of Iron 2-50 11-20.

VOL. III. M

178 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Carbonic Acid 0-00 27-00.

Water 19-00 0-30.

It occurs at Menil Montant, and Mpntmartre near Paris.

ALUM-SLATE.

Alum-Slate. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 276. Man. p. 443.
Alum-Slate. PHILL. p. 48.

Massive. Spheroidal shapes. Composition im-
palpable. Principal fracture imperfectly slaty ;
cross fracture earthy.

Nearly dull. Colour intermediate between greyish-
and blueish-black. Streak black, acquires
some lustre. Opake.

Not very brittle. Intermediate between semi-hard
and soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-339 ... 2-588, Km WAN.

Alum-slate has been divided into two kinds, common and
glossy alum-slate. The latter differs from the former only
by fissures having a higher degree of a somewhat metallic
lustre, which traverse it in a direction nearly parallel to
that of the slaty structure. Alum-slate seems to be close-
ly connected with clay-slate.

Exposed to the fire, it burns and becomes blueish-grey.
It occurs in particular beds between clay-sJate and grey-
wacke-slate, near Reichenbach in Saxony, also at Reussisch-
Ebersdorf, in the valley of the Saale, in several places in
the forest of Thuringia, in the Palatinate, in Bohemia, &c. ;
and is used in manufacturing alum and sulphate of iron.
The mineral called Alum-earth is in a closer relation to
Slate-clay (Vol. III. p. 181.) and to Earthy Coal (Vol. III.
p. 62.).

BITUMINOUS SHALE.

Bituminous Shale. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 63. Bitumi-
nous Marie. PHILL. p. 159.

BOLE. 179

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture rather
thin and straight, slaty.

Faintly glimmering. Colour brownish- black and
blackish-brown. Streak shining, with a resinous
lustre. Opake.

Rather sectile, feels very little greasy. Interme-
diate between soft and very soft. Sp. Gr. =£
1-995, KIRWAN.

According to WERNER, it is slate-clay with a small por-
tion of bitumen. It occurs at "Wehrau in Lusatia, also in
the neighbourhood of Elbogen in Bohemia, in the Tyrol,
in great quantities in Thuringia, and in many other coun-
tries, with different varieties of clay, and with coal.

BOLE.

Bole. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 86. Man. p. 314. Bole.
PHILL. p. 53.

Massive : composition impalpable. Fracture per-
fectly conchoidal, sometimes rather flat.

Faintly glimmering ... dull. Colour brown, yellow,
and red. Streak shining, resinous. Feebly
translucent on the edges ... opake.

Rather sectile. Adheres to the tongue, feels greasy,
and is very soft, sometimes approaching to soft.
Sp. Gr. = 1-600, KLAPROTH ; = 1 977, BREIT-

HAUPT.

If thrown into water, it emits a crackling noise and falls
into powder. It occurs in irregular beds or disseminated
masses in wacke, trapp-tuff, &c., and is found at Striegau in
Silesia, at Scheibenberg in Saxony, the Habichtswald in
Hessia, in Thuringia, Tuscany, &c.

180 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

CLAYSTONE.
Claystone. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 66.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture un-
even, flat conchoidal, sometimes inclining to
slaty.

Colour, different shades of grey and red, none of
them bright. Opake.

Not particularly brittle. Does not adhere to the
tongue ; feels meagre. Sometimes semi-hard,
sometimes soft, or even very soft. Sp. Gr. =
2-210, KARSTEN.

Claystone appears to be the residue of the crystalline
formation of several kinds of rock, particularly of por-
phyry ; hence its characters are so very different in dif-
ferent specimens, and it seems to exhibit so many passages
to other minerals, of which in reality not one is existing.
It forms the base of several varieties of porphyry, such as
are called clay- or claystone-porphyry, and occurs in va-
rious parts of Saxony, as at Chemnitz, Grumbach, also in
veins at Frauenstein, Marienberg, Klingenberg, &c.

COMMON CLAY.

Common Clay. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 57. Pipe-clay.
Potter's Clay. Loam. PHILL. p. 55. 56.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture un-
even, fine earthy in the small ; more or less per-
fectly slaty.

Dull. Colour white, grey, brown, red, yellow, &c.,
sometimes in striped, veined, or spotted delinea-
tions. Streak more or less shining.

Sectile. Adheres more or less strongly to the

^ DRAWING SLATE OR BLACK CHALK. 181

tongue. Feels more or less greasy. Soft, some-
times approaching to friable. Not particularly
heavy, passing into light. Sp. Gr. of earthy
Potter's Clay = 1-800 ... 2-000, KIRWAN ;
= 2-085, KARSTEN; Slate-clay = 2-600 ...
2-680, KIRWAN ; = 2-636, KARSTEN.

Common Clay has been divided into Loam, Potter's Clay,
Variegated Clay, and Slate-Clay ; and Potter's clay again
into earthy and slaty ; which division rests either upon par-
ticular, though accidental properties, or upon the employ-
ment made of the varieties.

Clay is a mixture of decomposed minerals, and hence it
is little constant in its composition. Several varieties
soften in water, and allow themselves to be kneaded and
formed into moulds, a property to which they owe their
well known employment. Some are easily fusible, others
refractory ; some acquire particular tints of colour, others
lose theirs, and become white when exposed to a strong
heat ; upon all of which properties their applicability
depends. They occur in beds near the surface of the
earth, or covered by the soil in the formations of brown and
black coal. In the latter they very often contain remains
of vegetables, and are called slate-clay, which is intimately
related to bituminous shale and alum-earth.

The appropriate varieties of clay are of various import-
ant applications in pottery, in manufacturing stone-ware
and porcelain, in constructing furnaces for metallurgic ope-
rations, &c.

DRAWING SLATE OR BLACK CHALK.

Drawing-Slate or Black Chalk. JAM. Syst. Vol. II.
p. 273. Man. p. 443. Black Chalk. PHILL. p. 55.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Principal frac-

18S PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ture rather imperfectly slaty, cross fracture fine
earthy.

Faint glimmering in the principal fracture, dull in
the cross fracture. Colour intermediate between
greyish- and blueish-black. Retains the colour
in the streak, and acquires a higher degree of
lustre. Opake.

Sectile. Soils more or less, and writes. Adheres
a little to the tongue, feels fine and rather
meagre, and is very soft. Sp. Gr. = 2-114,
KIRWAN ; = 2-186, BRISSON.

Exposed to fire it loses its black colour, and becomes
reddish or reddish-grey. Before the blowpipe it yields a
white glass, according to LINK. The variety from Bay-
reuth has been found by WIEGLEB to consist of

Silica 64-50.

Alumina 11-25.

Oxide of Iron 2'75.

Carbon 11-00.

Water 7'50.

It occurs in rocks of clay-slate, and seems to be very near-
ly allied to clay -slate and alum-slate. The finest and most
applicable varieties come from Italy, Spain, and France.
It is also found in Bayreuth, in Thuringia, &c. It is used
as a drawing material.

FULLER'S EARTH.

Fuller's Earth. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 300. Man. p. 442.
Fuller's Earth. PHILL. p. 52.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture un-
even, splintery, earthy : in the great sometimes
imperfectly and flat conchoidal, or even slaty.

LITHOMARGE, 163

Dull. Colour green, grey, white. Streak shining,
resinous. Feebly translucent on the edges ...
opake.

Perfectly sectile. Feels very greasy. Adheres but
feebly or not at all to the tongue, and is very
soft. Sp. Gr. = 1-819, HOFFMANN; = 2-198,
BREITHAUPT.

If thrown into water, it falls to pieces, and forms a paste
which is not plastic. It absorbs oil and fat. It is fonned
by the decomposition of certain rocks, as for instance at
Rosswein in Saxony, at Feistritz on the Bacher in Stiria ;
and probably also at Reifenstein and Rein in the same coun-
try, although in these two places the mode of its formation
is not so easily observed. It occurs also in Moravia, in
great quantities and very pure at Nutfield in Surry, and
other places in England, &c., and is use<J for cleansing
woollen cloth.

LITHOMAEGE.

Lithomarge. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 74. Man. p. 311.
Lithomarge. PHILL. p. 52.

Massive. Spheroidal. Composition impalpable.

Fracture uneven, large and flat conchoidal in the

large, fine earthy in the small. Sometimes the

particles do not cohere, and are found in the

shape of a fine scaly powder.
Colour white, pearl-grey, lavender-blue, flesh-red,

ochre-yellow. Somewhat shining in the streak.

Opake.
Sectile. Adheres strongly to the tongue, feels fine

and greasy, and is soft, sometimes friable. Sp. Gr.

= 2-435 ... 2-492, BREITHAUPT.

184 PHYSIOGRAPHY;'.

It has been divided into two kinds, the friable, and the
solid or indurated Litkomarge.

It does not fall to pieces when thrown into water ; and
hardens if exposed to a strong heat. It occurs in various
parts of Saxony, as in tin-veins at Bobershau and Alten-
berg ; in porphyry at Rochlitz ; in the coal measures at
Planitz near Zwickau, where the variety called Terra mi-
raculosa Saxonice is found ; in the drusy cavities of the To-
paz-rock at Auerbach ; in serpentine at Zoblitz ; in trap
in the county of Antrim in Ireland, &c.

MOUNTAIN SOAP.

Mountain Soap. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 74. Man. p. 312.
Bole. PHILL. p. 53.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture fine
earthy.

Dull. Colour light brownish-black. Streak shin-
ing, resinous. Opake.

Perfectly sectile. Does not soil, but writes, adheres
strongly to the tongue, feels very greasy, is very
soft, and light, approaching to not particularly
heavy.

It has been found at Olkucz in Poland, and is a very
rare mineral.

POLISHING SLATE.

Polier or Polishing Slate. JAM. Vol. II. p. 70. Man. p.
425. Polishing-slate. PHILL. p. 51.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Principal frac-
ture slaty, thin and straight, cross fracture fine
earthy.

Colour yellowish-grey, inclining to white or brown.

Feels fine, but meagre, adheres but little or not at

TRIPOLI. 185

all to the tongue, is very soft, passing into friable.
Sp. Gr. = 0-590 ... 0-606, HABEKLE.

It imbibes water, but does not fall to pieces. It be-
comes red when burnt, but is infusible. It consists, ac-
cording to BUCHOLZ, of

Silica 79-00.

Alumina 1-00.

Lime 1-00.

Oxide of Iron 4-00.

Water 14-00.

• It is believed to have been formed from the ashes of
burnt coal. It occurs at Planitz near Zwickau, and at
Kutschlin near Bilin in Bohemia.

TETPOLI.

Tripoli. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 71. Man. p. 470. Tripoli.
PHILL. p. 53.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture earthy
in the small, sometimes slaty in the great.

Colour grey, more particularly yellowish- and ash-
grey, passing into white and yellow. Opake.

Not particularly brittle. Does not adhere to the
tongue, feels meagre and a little rough, is said to
be soft passing into very soft (it is nevertheless
applied as a powerful material for polishing).
Sp. Gr. = 1-857, DELAME'THERIE ; =2-202,
BUCHOLZ.

It imbibes water, which softens it. When burnt it be-
comes white, and is hardened ; but it is very difficultly fu-
sible. It consists, according to BUCHOLZ and HAASE, of
Silica 81-00 90-00.

Alumina 1-50 7-00.

186 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

Oxide of Iron 8>00 3-00,

Sulphuric Acid 3'50 0-00.

Water 5-00 0-00.,

with a trace of Lime. It seems to be nothing but a very fine

arenaceous variety of quartz, accidentally mixed with, a

little clay.

UMBER,

Umber. JAM. Syst. Vol. III. p. 241. Umber. PHILL.
p. 232.

Massive. Composition impalpable. Fracture large
and flat conchoidal in the great, very fine earthy
in the small.

Dull. Colour liver-, chestnut-, dark yellowish-
brown. Acquires some lustre in the streak.
Opake.

Imperfectly sectile. Does not soil, but writes, ad-
heres strongly to the tongue, feels a little rough
and meagre, and is very soft. Sp. Gr. ir: 2-206,
BREITHAUPT.

It imbibes water with great avidity, and emits air bubbles,
but does not become soft. It occurs in beds with brown
jasper in the isle of Cyprus, and is used by painters as a
brown colour. Its chemical composition is said to be oxide
of iron 48, oxide of manganese 20, silex 13, alumina 5,
water 14.

WHET-SLATE.

Whet-Slate. JAM. Syst. Vol. II. p. 271. Whet-Slate or
Hone. Man. p. 343. Whetslate. Turkey Hone.
PHILL. p. 48.

Massive. Composition impalpable, Fracture

YELLOW EARTH. 187

straight slaty in the great, fine splintery in the
small.

Faintly glimmering, almost dull. Colour greenish-
grey, mountain-, asparagus-, oil-green. Streak
greyish-white. Translucent on the edges.

Not particularly brittle. Said to be soft in a low
degree. (It is sometimes as hard as rhombohe-
dral quartz). Sp. Gr. =; 2-722, KIRWAN.

Whet-slate is a slaty rock, containing a great proportion
of quartz, in which the component particles (the same as
in clay -slate, mica-slate, and gneiss, but in different relative
quantities) are so very small, as to withdraw themselves
from observation. This may serve for explaining on one
hand the passage of whet-slate into clay-slate, on the other
hand the employment it allows for grinding, which is im-
possible in any mineral that in reality is soft. Whet-slate
occurs in beds between clay -slate, particularly in the older
rocks ; and the varieties best adapted for use are found at
Sonnenberg in Meinungen, and at Probstzelle and Lichte-
tanne in Saalfeld. They are likewise brought from the
Levant. Less useful or fine grained varieties are found in
many countries. The varieties from the neighbourhood of
Liege, Argile schisteuse novaculaire of HAUY, are not compre-
hended among the whet-slate of WEBNER. They consist
of two layers of stone of different colour and composition,
one of them being yellowish-grey and very fine grained,
the other reddish-brown and coarser. The use of whet-
slate as a grinding material is sufficiently known.

YELLOW EARTH.

Yellow Earth. JAM. Syst. VoL II. p. 81. Man. p. 312.
Massive. Composition impalpable. Principal frac-

188 PHYSIOGRAPHY.

ture more and less imperfectly and thick slaty,
sometimes fine earthy. Cross fracture fine earthy.

Faintly glimmering, dull. Colour ochre-yellow.
Acquires some lustre in the streak. Opake.

Sectile. Adheres rather strongly to the tongue.
Soils a little and writes. Is very soft, partly also
friable. Sp. Gr. = 2-240, BBEITHAUPT.

If thrown into water it falls into powder and emits a
noise. If burnt it becomes red. It is a mixture of fine
sand, oxide of iron, clay, &c., and occurs at Wehrau in Up-
per Lusatia, in France, &c. It is employed both in its na-
tural state and burnt, in painting houses, &c., as a coarse
colouring, material.

PLATES

AND

EXPLANATIONS.

VOL. I. PLATE I.

FIG. 1. H. The hexahedron, with a pyramidal
section, and a pyramidal axis.

FIG. 2. O. The octahedron.

FIG. 3. H. O. Combination of the hexahedron
and the octahedron.

FIG. 4. The same, the faces of the octahedron
larger.

FIG. 5. The hexahedron, with two rhombohedral
sections, and a rhombohedral axis.

Fit;. 6. The hexahedron, with two prismatic sec-
tions, and a prismatic axis.

YOL.I. PLATE

.2.

VOL. I. PLATE II.

FIG. 7. R. A rhombohedron.

FIG. 8. P. An isosceles four-sided pyramid.

FIG. 9. P. A scalene four-sided pyramid.

FIG. 10. P. An isosceles six-sided pyramid.

FIG. 11. (P)n. A scalene six-sided pyramid.

FIG. 12. (P)n. A scalene eight-sided pyramid.

VOL. I. PLATE H.

VOL. III.

VOL. I. PLATE III.

FIG. 13. _. The tetrahedron.

2

o

FIG. 14. — _. The same, in inverse position.

*

o'
FIG. 15. _i A trigonal-dodecahedron.

/w

c

f~\

FIG. 16. -<&- — The same, in inverse position.

m

T>

FIG. 17. ~. A digrammic tetragonal-dode-

, cahedron.

T>

FIG. 18. — ™ The same, in inverse position.

VOL . I. PLA TE IH

Jfy. 28

VOL. I. PLATE IV.

FIG. 19. —.A hexahedral pentagonal-do-

decahedron.
a>

FIG. 20. — — . The same, in inverse position.
a'

rp

FIG. 21. r— ?. A right tetrahedral pentagonal-
. dodecahedron.

rp

FIG. 22. — r ~ The same, in inverse position.
4-
tf

FIG. 23. J— A left tetrahedral pentagonal-
^ dodecahedron.

Tn

FIG. 24. — I — . The same, in inverse position.
4

If"

VOL.J.PLATK IV.

22

Fui.20.

fu, 24.

VOL. I. PLATE V.

rp

FIG. 25. — P. A tetrahedral trigonal-icosite-

. .,, trahedron.
fy a

T

FIG. 26. — — ?. The same, in inverse position.

tj"

Tn

FIG. 27. — r. A trigrammic tetragonal-icosi-

., ,,, tetrahedron.
F, r

rp

FIG. 28. — — .". The same, in inverse position.
t H"

rp

FIG. 29. r — Ji. A right pentagonal-icositetra-
.„ .,„ hedron.

rp

FIG. 30. /__!?. A « left pentagonal-icositetrahe-
2 in ,

. ,, dron.

VOL I. f LATE V

Pia.K.

Fia.W.

Fu? 30 .

VOL. I. PLATE VI.

FIG. SI. D. The dodecahedron.
d

FIG. 32. An. A hexahedral trigonal-icositetra-
a hedron.

FIG. 33. Bn. An octahedral trigonal-icositetra-
b hedron.

FIG. 34. Cn. A digrammic tetragonal-icositetra-
c hedron.

FIG. 35. Tn. A tetraconta-octahedron.

t

FIG. 36. Derivation of the tessular forms from the
hexahedron.

VOL T. /'/..I TK \'f

Fia.31

VOL. I. PLATE VII.

FIG. 37. Derivation of the principal series of sca-
lene four-sided pyramids.

FIG. 38. Derivation of the subordinate series of
scalene four-sided pyramids.

I 'of. ./. />LAT£! VIZ.

VOL. I. PLATE VIII.

FIG. 39. Derivation of scalene four-sided pyra-
mids, having a dissimilar transverse
section, from the auxiliary form.

FIG. 40. Derivation of scalene four-sided pyra-
mids, having a dissimilar transverse
section, from the fundamental form.

VOZ.I.PLATE vnr.

VOL. I. PLATE IX.

FIG. 41. P. Fundamental pyramid of the hemi-

prismatic system.
FIG. 42. P. Fundamental pyramid of the tetarto-

prismatic system.
FIG. 43. Derivation of two subsequent rhombo-

hedrons from each other.

FIG. 44. Transverse sections of four consecutive
rhombohedrons, having the same hori-
zontal projection.

VOL. T.PLATE IX.

VOL. I. PLATE X.

FIG. 45. Derivation of isosceles four-sided pyra-
mids.

Fro. 46. Derivation of the rhombohedron with
an infinite axis (a regular six-sided
prism).

FIG. 4-7. Derivation of scalene six-sided pyramids-.

FIG. 48. Derivation of isosceles six-sided pyra-
mids.

FIG. 49. Combination of two rhombohedral forms,
producing EF and E'F, the Lines of
Combination.

FIG. 50. Similar combination of three rhombohe-
dral forms.

VOL I PLATE .T.

VOL. I. PLATE XL

FIG. 51. 2 (P)m. A di-pyramid.
a,a'9b,V

FIG. 52. +—ta\. A three sided pyramid,
- % (.a )

formed by alternating pairs of faces of
a di-rhombohedron.

FIG. 53. — | a I . A right three-sided trape-

zohedron, containing on both ends
faces of the same pyramid.

b

FIG. 54. . | b | . A left three-sided trape-

zohedron of the same kind.

FIG. 55. ±— . 1 ^, } . A right three-sided tra-

pezohedron, the pyramid from which
the lower faces are derived being in
inverse position from that to which
the upper ones belong.

FIG. 56. iJ ffiT { * i . A left three-sided trape-
— / 2 l6^

zohedron of the same kind.

VOL. I. PLATE XII.

FIG. 57. - 8 ^P)m) {",}. A right six-sided
r 2

trapezohedron.
FIG. 58. - 2 ((F)m) &\. A left six-sided tra-

pezohedron.

FIG. 59. Rhombohedral combination.

R— -1. (P— 2)5. R. |R. R + l. (P)3. R+ QD-
a b c d e f g

FIG. 60. Di-rhombohedral combination.

R — oo. P. 2 (R). P -}- 1. P + QD.
a b c d e

p

FIG. 61. — . A hemi-pyramidal form, analo-

Rj

gous to the tetrahedron.

p
FIG. 62. — _. The same, in inverse position.

VOL.1, n+1 TE

VOL. i: PLATE XIII.

FIG. 63. LJL. A right four-sided trapezo-
hedron.

FIG. 64. _ >-;—. A left four-sided trapezo-
hedron.

FIG. 65. LJ_. A hemi-pyramidalform, ana-
logous to the tetrahedron, obtained
from a scalene eight- sided pyramid.

FIG. 66. — ^~~* ^ he same, in inverse position.

FIG. 67. Pyramidal combination.

P. P + 1. (P)*. P -f oo. [P + oo].

abed e

FIG. 68. Pyramidal combination.

', ^-,P+3. IN- oo. [P+o>].

VOL.1. PLATE JIH

Fia.64.

VOL. I. PLATE XIV.

FIG. 69. and 70. Developeraents of pyramidal
combinations.

FIG. 71. Developement of a prismatic combination.
FIG. 72. Prismatic combination.

Pr — 1. P — 1. ?r. (?r — 1)*.

a bed

P. P + oo. (Pr + <x)3. fr + oo.

* f g *>

FIG. 73. and 74. Explanation of the horizontal
striae upon the faces of the six-sided
prism of rhombohedral Quartz.

VOL .1. PL A TE XTF.

VOL. I. PLATE XV.

A 'P

FIG. 75. — -. •— . Semi-tessular combination
2 %

* f

with parallel faces.

A ^T^

FIG. 76. — — . -— . Semi-tessular combination
2 2

' /
with parallel faces.

O Ci

FIG. 77. — — Semi-tessular combination
2 2
P I
with inclined faces.

FIG. 78. — — — . Semi-tessular combination
2 2
P r
with inclined faces.

FIG. 79. The saddle- shaped lens.

FIG. 80. A rhombohedron with curved faces,
produced by composition.

VOL. I. PLATE TV.

7.7

Put.

Fit} • 77.

Ka.79

Fw.80.

VOL. II. PLATE I.

FIG. 1. Axotomous Arsenical-pyrites.
Pr. P + oo.
o d

FIG. %. Prismatic Arsenical-pyrites.
Pr— 1. P+oo.
r M

FIG. 3. Prismatic Andalusite.

P — - CD. ?r. P+oo.
P I U

FIG. 4. Di-prismatic Iron-ore.
Pr. P. P + oo.
P o M

FIG. 5. Di-prismatic Olive-malachite.
Pr. P. P+o>.
o P u

FIG. 6. Prismatic Epsom-salt.
P. P + oo. Pr + OD.
/ M o

VOL H f*LAT£. 7.

VOL. II. PLATE II.

FIG. 7. Prismatic Melane-glance.
P. (Pr 4- x)3. Pr + OD.
P d s

FIG. 8. Prismatic Olive-malachite.
fr. P 4- OD. Pr 4- oo.
/ r n

FIG. 9- Prismatic Nitre-salt.

Pr + 1. P 4- x. Pr 4- x
P M h

FIG. 10. Prismatoidal Kou phone-spar.

p — oo. P. pr -f- x. Pr + x.
P r T M

FIG. 11. Axotomous Kouphone-spar.

p__o>. p. f r 4- x. Pr4-x.
P r M T

FIG. 12. Prismatoidal Garnet.

p — oo. Pr. (Pr + x)3. Pr 4- oc.
P r M o

7oL.H PLATE, fl.

VOL. II. PJ.ATE III.

FIG. 13. Axotomous Triphane-spar.

P — oo. Pr + n. P -f oo. Pr.-f- oc.
P o M I

FIG. 14. Prismatic Antimony-baryte.

Pr — 1. P. (Pr + x)3. Pr + oo.
p P M h

FIG. 15. Prismatic Iron-pyrites.

Pr. P. P -h QD. Pr + x.
g h I P

FIG. 16. Prismatic Natron- salt.

Pr. P. (Pr + oo)3. £r -f or.
o P d p

FIG. 17. Prismatoidal Sulphur.

Pr. P. (Pr+<x)5. Pr -H oc.
o P u s

FIG. 18. Prismatic Sulphur.

p—oo. JP — 2. Pr. P. P+x.

r s n P m

." /A

VOL. II. PLATE IV.

FIG. 19. Scorodite.

P— oo. P. £r + L (Pr+oo)5.

fc P m d

Pr -f oo.

r
FIG. 20. Prismatic Chrysolite.

Pr. (Pr— I)5. P. (Pr+oo)3. Pr+ GD.
d e p n M

FIG. 21. Prismatic Hal-baryte.

Pr. Pr. P. (Pr + oo)5. Pr + <z>.
o M x d P

FIG. 22. Paratomous Kouphone-spar.

£ r. P. Pr +2. Pr + oo. Pr + oo.
s P t g o

FIG. 23. Prismatic Nitre-salt.

£r — 1. Pr. Pr-f-1. P + OD. f r + x.

a? P * M ft

FIG. 24. Di-prismatic Copper-glance.

P— oo. Pr — 1. fr. ?r+QD. Pr -f- oo.
A; o d s r

V;<L.K.7'/..rf7- JV.

VOL. II. PLATE V.

FIG. 25. Prismatic Corundum.

Pr. P. (P + oo)3. Pr + QD. Pr + oo.
i o s T M

FIG. 26. Prismatic Gypsum-haloide.

P_oo. P. (Pr)3. (P)3. Pr + oo.
P o n f T

Pr 4- ex.

M
FlG. 27. Prismatoidal Manganese-ore.

P — OD. Pr. P. (Pr — I)5. P + GD.

o d P y M

(?r + oc)5.

s
FIG. 28. Peritomous Hal-baryte.

P — QD. P — 1. P. fr + 1. P + x.
o z y P M

Pr + oo.

h
FIG. 29. Hopeite.

P — oo. Pr. P. (Pr -f- oo)3. Pr + oo.
g M P s p

Pr + oo.

I
FIG. 30. Prismatic Melane-giance.

Pr. P. (Pr)3. (Pr + OD)3. Pr + oc.
o P a d p

Pr + x.
s

VOL. n PLATE V

ffy.ZT.

fc?R

NiL\ .'• 2ZZ?

Fn, . 28 .

. 30

VOL. II. PLATE. VI.

FIG. 31. Di-prismatic Lead-baryte.

Pr. P. f Pr -f 2. (Pr +0o)5.
M t e u

(Pr 4- oo)3. f> r + a.

s I

FIG. 32. Prismatoidal Antimony-glance.

fP— 2. Pr— 1. (fPr— 2)3. P.
s a e P

(4pr__2)7. p+05. pr-f-oo.

b m o

FIG. 33. Serpentine.

Pr. P. ?r + l. (?r)5. (fr+oo)5.
o P r n d

?r -f QD. Pr -f x.

& 5

FIG. 34. Prismatic Topaz.

p— oo. IP— l. (|fr— I)5. P.

P 5 07 0

n y M I

FIG. 35. Prismatic Antimony-glance.

P — OD. Pr. P. (Pr)*. (Pr)*.
' k o P z a

| P 4- 2. (Pr 4- oo)3. Pr 4- oo.

b d r

Pr 4- oo.

s
FIG. 36, Prismatic Topaz.

(I pr — \y. P. Pr 4- 1. P 4- o>.

x o n M

(Pr 4- o>)3. Pr + 1. P.
I n' o'.

VOL E.PLATE VI

fin.

. 33.

Fu, 32.

Fu,.34.

VOL. II. PLATE VII.

FIG. 37. Prismatic Zmc-baryte.

p_ oo. Pr— -1. Pr. fPr + 1. f
Jc I o m p

(?r+<x>)3. Pr + oo. P.
d s P

FIG. 38. Di-prismatic Lead-baryte.

fr. P. (Pr + oo)3. (Pr + oo)3. ?r + QD,
M t u s I

(M-

FIG. 39. Prismatic Lime-haloide.

Pr — 2. Pr— 1. P. (Pr+ <z>)3. Pr+ oo,
a P r M h

FIG. 40. Paratomous Kouphone-spar.

^r. P. Pr + %. Pr + QD. Pr -f- OD,
s P t g o

FIG. 41. Prismatic Copper-glance.
(P)3. (Pr+oo)5.

VOL.JI. I' /.ATE Vff.

/'/</ • .IT.

Ft',? . M.

VOL. II. PLATE VIII.

FIG. 42. Prismatic Iron-pyrites.

Pr. P+oo. Pr + cx>, {Pr} {Pr}.

M I P

FIG. 43. Prismatic Iron-pyrites.

Pr. Pr.

g M I P

FIG. 44. Diatomous Kouphone-spar.

P M

FIG. 45, Hemi-prismatic Natron-salt.

— . (Pr 4- oo)3. Pr + oo.

P M I

FIG. 46. Prismatic Cobalt-mica.

Pr

_. Pr -f x. Pr -f oo.

M T P

FIG. 47. Prismatic Titanium-ore.
Pr P Pr

P r

J-ta.46.

Fuj.47.

VOL. II. PLATE IX.

FIG. 48. Hemi-prismatic Sulphur.
|V -~- -|- P+ oo. (ft +00)'

P n M I

FIG. 49- Prismatic Scheelium-ore.

*=J. Pr. _*L-1 P + o
2 2

t u t' r

Pr + OD.

3f

FIG. 50. Hemi-prismatic Kouphone-spar.
FIG. 51. Prismatic Borax-salt.

o z P r M

Pr + <x.

T
FIG. 52. Hemi-prismatic Vitriol-salt.

4 p _ O i5r p ftr

P— x. li-TTJr. 15. £ pr. — Zf
222 2

6 g- v P o t

P -f- QD. Pr + OD.

y

FIG. 5£. Hemi-prismatic Lead-baryte.

- T- T -T P + Q°* (fr + ^)4

V t v M r

Pr + OD.

VOL. II. PLATE X.

FIG. 54. Prismatic Emerald.

The elevation copied from HAUY, Trait e,
2de Ed. PL 72. Fig. 153., the projec-
tion from the crystal in the cabinet of
M. DE DREE.

FIG. 55. Prismatic Glauber-salt.

n T z o M

Pr + oo.
P

FIG. 56. Prismatic Glauber-salt.

P-oo. If, Lpr-l.-lf.-Z..

22 22

/ r n y T %

(Pr)^ Pr + 1 (p)3

2 2 ~^T'

v w d

(Pr -f oo)5. ?r 4- OD. Pr + oo.
o M P

FIG. 57. Prismatoidal Gypsum-haloide.

Pi

_. P + x. f r -|- OD.

/ P

FIG. 58. Prismatoidal Gypsum-haloide.

*,-**=* pi*4*w-

9C <^

; o / A

VOL U.PLATE I.

VOL. II. PLATE XI.

FIG. 59. Prismatic Brithyne-salt.

p f

FIG. 60. Prismatic Brithyne-salt.

P _ OD. I. - £-'. - P- - <*L>1.

o O O Q

P f t n e

P + x. ?r -f oo.

FIG. 61. Prismatic Feld-spar.

y P T I M

FIG. 62. Prismatic Feld-spar.

4 ~p p . o T^r* P ' T^r j 2 Pr

O t) Q (-) Q

(fr + oo)3. (Pr 4- oo)5. Pr + oo.

T I z tf M

FIG. 63. Prismatic Azure-malachite.

P — x. ^!jjll (Pr+ oo)5. Pr-f oo.

,9 d P h

FIG. 64. Prismatic Azure-malachite.

Pr T* /"t^r 1 \5

•1-1 JL r Jc ^L II: 1 -— J. J

P — x. — — . Pr. — i — '—

s ax M k

Pr -f x.

L H.fLATXlL

60.

FTq.62.

VOL. III.

VOL. II. PLATE XII.

FIG. 65. Prismatic Azure-malachite.

,.

2 % 2

s a M b k

(Pr + oo)3. (Pr + OD)5. Pr + oo.

P I h

FIG. 66. Prismatic Azure-malachite.

Pr P (f^—lT (Pr— I)6

V ¥ ~2~ ~~2~~
s a x d e

g M k c

P+ oo. (? r+ oo)3. (Pr+ o>)5. Pr+ oo.

f P I h

FIG. 67. Prismatic Dystome-spar.

P-oo. |. ?L+i Pr + 1.P+oo.

& P a of

(fr + oo)5. Pr+oo.

^ s

FIG. 68, Prismatic Dystome-spar.

P-o, ?. ?Ltl. Pr. -(?!)!.

22 2

J P a d e

P + oo. (f r + oo)5.

/ *

FIG. 69. Prismatic Dystome-spar.

P-oo. L ?-r-±i ffj^. Pr

22 2

5 P a q d

Pr-fl -I _(ft)!'_(ft)l

2 2 2

o n e i

P + OD. (Pr + oo)5. Pr -f x.
/ g «

VOL.JT.PLATK IE

/-/;/ n

Fiq.66.

. 67.

lid-

F^<,.6^

VOL. II. PLATE XIII.

FIG. 70. Prismatic Dystome-spar.

P_*. * *!±J. <*>!. Pr.

b Pa q ^ d

P (PrY

_|. _(LL

(P— I)5 (ft- y_ _ (fi4

2 2 2

jp

m f

FIG 71 . Prismatic Habroneme-malachite.

-• • - *• -

a b P o b

— ^ZIJI (Pr+oo)^. Pr+QD.

d f *

FIG. 72. Paratomous Augite-spar.

Z. (Pr + oo)5. ?r + oo. Pr + oo.

s M r I

Fie. 73. Paratomous Augite-spar.
?r P

P 5 o

(fr -f oo)3.

.

VOL. II. PLATE XIV.

FIG. 74. Hemi-prismatic Augite-spar.
!• - r (*' + *)*• Pr

/w A

r P M

FIG. 75. Prismatoidal Augite-spar.
? r P P r ^

v r "T ?r + "'

r n T M

FIG. 76. Hemi-prismatic Augite-spar.
P Pr- Prs

i P

f P + «

2 <T"

ft 5

oo)'. (Pr + QD)«. fr+QD.

Pr + QD.

X

FIG. 77. Prismatoidal Augite-spar.

p-.. I-. *

M

VOL.IT. PLATE JOV

/•'?<, 7 /

VOL. II. PLATE XV.

FIG. 78. Hemi-prismatic Habroneme-malachite.
— . ?.r. P + OD. Pr + QD. |pr + oo}.

p M s

FIG. 79. Prismatic Feld-spar.

Pr P ^r +£ _ fc (f r }
2 2 ^ 2 V

x s y P T I

M

FIG. 80. Prismatic Feld-spar.

y P T I M

|r Pr + OD : f r + oo. Pr + QD}.
FIG. 81. Prismatic Feld-spar.

y P T I M

jZPr+oo : ?r + 00. Pr+oo}.
FIG. 82. Prismatic Disthene-spar.

P T7 Jlf

FIG. 83. Tetarto-prismatic Vitriol-salt.

YOJ. .// /'/,///: AT

M

\:

VOL. II. PLATE XVI.

FIG. 84. Albite.

£ r P Pr (

P /

Pr+0, ;

Jlf

Fie. 85. Albite.

* ^ M
FIG. 86. Albite.

— T- /Z l?.r_±_?: -?£

2' 4' 4* 2 "2

2 2

* * M

FIG. 87. Albite.

?£ r Z ?f r

2' 4' 2' 2

s P I

2 2 " 2

Pr + oo.
M

VOL.H.PLATKXVl

VOL. II. PLATE XVII.

FIG. 88. Albite.

^r — ?f r ^ +°°)5 / (Pf + °°
2~* ~~%' ~~£~ "2

x P I T

^ ( ?r . ?r fr)

pr 4- QD. -1 — - _ : 4- _ . — _ f .

J/

FIG. 89. Prismatic Axinite.

./)!. rL±_^l Pr+oc.
4 2

/ P r

FIG. 90. Prismatic Axinite.

4

FIG. 91. Prismatic Axinite.
Pr P P

t t y

rr jOfc)

44

FIG. 9^. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.

P— oo. 2-^-2P— 3.

a &

FIG. 93. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.

p*— oo, £Vj> P — 3. P.

VOL.R. PLATE JIT//:

/•'/'?.

89 .

VOL. II. PLATE XVIII.

FIG. 94. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.

P — oo. !^jip_3. p_3.

a b c

FIG. 95. Pyramidal Lead-baryte.

<Lpp_3. 1^5 P_2. P_l. p.

b d e P

FIG. 96. Pyramidal Garnet.

p _ OD. p _ i. p. (P — £)*.

P o c a

(P — 1)*. P + 2. (P)*. (P)*.

s b f x

(P + 1)*. P + 4. (P + oo)*.

e r 7t

[(P+oo)*]. P+oo. [P+oo].

/ d M

FIG. 97. Pyramidal Kouphone-spar.

P. [P+OD].

P m

FIG. 98. Pyramidal Kouphone-spar.

P-.rp. |P — 4. | P— 3. *^P— 3.

o 6 c? £

P-3. P. [(P + »)»]. [P + OD].

c P r ??z

FIG. 99. Pyramidal Zircon.

P — 1. P. (P)5. (P)4. (P)5.
t P x y z

P+oo. [P+oo],

I s

VoL.JT.fL.1TK X\'Ol.

Fit,

. 96.

Fig . 97.

VOL, II. PLATE XIX.

FIG 100. Pyramidal Titanium-ore.

P-o,. I P -4. (J P-7)*?
o r «

P. P + l.
P 5
FIG. 101. Pyramidal Tin-ore.

P + 1. P -hoc. [P +00].

s * S

FIG. 102. Pyramidal Tin-ore.

P. P + 1. P + x. [P + QD].
P 5 J £

FIG. 103. Pyramidal Tin-ore.

p. P + I. (P)5. (p+^r- [p+»]-

P s z r g

FIG. 104, Pyramidal Melichrone-resin.

p—QD. P— 1. P. [P+QD].

o t ? g

FIG. 105. Pyramidal Manganese-ore.
4 p _ 4. p.

a P

VOL. II. /.'/..ITK J7V

FioJOO.

/-',„ JOJ

VOL. 111.

VOL. II. PLATE XX.

FIG. 106. Pyramidal Manganese-ore.

4
P

FIG. 107. Pyramidal Manganese-ore.

P

FIG. 108. Pyramidal Scheelium-baryte.

P ic^fp^r p , i

12 " r

£ « P b

FIG. 109. Pyramidal Copper-pyrites.

P— QD. P — I. £. — £. P+l

2 2

« b P P' C

FIG. 110. Fergusonite.

p-o*. P. KL+.«)J
2

. i 5 r

FIG. 111. Rhombohedral Alum-haloide.

R — QD. R.

o R

VOL.JT.P/.ATK XX

/''lit. IO8

//;/ no.

. Ill

VOL. II. PLATE XXI.
FIG, 112, Rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

R— .QD. P—l. P + 0>.

P r M

FIG. 113. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

R — oo. R+2.

o m

FrG. 114. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
R. R + oo.
P c

FIG. 115. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
R — oo. R. R + 2.
o P m

FIG. 116. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

R. (P)5. (P)5. R + 2. R-f-oo.
P r y m c

FIG. 117. Rhombohedral Lead-baryte.
P. P + oo.
Py s n, n'

VoL.II.fl.ATt: JXI

Fitf.J/3.

Fiq.JIZ.

VOL. II. PLATE XXII.

FIG. 118. Rhombohedral Emerald-malachite.

R + 1. P + QD.

r s

FIG. 119. Rhombohedral Euchlore-mica.

R — QD. R.

o R

FIG. 120. Rhombohedral Kouphone-spar.
R — 1. R. R + 1.

n P r

FIG. 121. Rhombohedral Corundum.

R — - oo. R. P + 1. P + oo.

o P r s

FIG. 122. Rhombohedral Corundum.

P + 1. R + 1. P + 2. P + 00.

r a b s

FIG. 123. Rhombohedral Corundum.

R_oo. JP+1. fP + 3, P + 3.
o c I e

P +00.

s

VoL.JT. PLATE UK

Fy.218.

Fia.HO.

VOL. II. PLATE XXIII.

FIG. 124. Rhombohedral Iron-ore.
R — 2. R. P + l.

s P n

FIG. 125. Peritomous Ruby-blende.

R — OD. R — 2. |R — 2. |R — 1.
o w * k

R — 1. R. R + oo.

a P I
FIG. 126. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende.

R— 1. (P— 2)5. R. (P — I)3.
* I Pa'

(*P-1)«. (P)5. P+oo.

b h n

FIG. 127. Eudialyte.

R — oo. R — 2. R. P + oo.

o z P u

FIG. 128. Rhombohedral Kouphone-spar.

R. 2{R— -oo}.
P

Vol. .//. PL AT BUM

Fia.126.

Fia .227.

VOL. II. PLATE XXIV.

FIG. 129. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

(p-«)». (P)3. {R-OO}.

t r

FIG. 130 and 181. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

P

FIG. 132. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.
R— oo. R 00.

o
FIG. 133. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

R — oo. R + 05. I11""1}.
I 3 I

o c

FIG. 134. Rhombohedral Lime-haloide.

3

VOL . IT. fi. A Tff UJY.

Fia.23J.

ti . J30.

m.

Jfy.234.

VOL. II. PLATE XXV.

FIG. 135. Rhombohedrai Lime-haloide,

R— 1. R 4-00. 2JR — OD}.

g c

FIG. 136. Rhombohedrai Ruby-blende.

R-l. ?L+*. P+x.

I

a k n

FIG. 137. Rhombohedrai Tourmaline.

R. R + 1. P +00. R — OD.

P o s V

FIG. 138. Rhombohedrai Tourmaline.

R — <». R — 1. R. fR + °°J

I

fc n P I

R— 1. R — o>.

FIG. 139. Rhombohedrai Ruby-blende.

z n

FIG. 140. Rhombohedrai Ruby- blende.

R — 1. P + x. {R— 1. R — l}.

.jTK xiv

7/7. J36.

135

139.

. J38

X/^^-^T"^

frc

/

_L===^

i

J40

VOL. II. PLATE. XXVI.

FIG. 141. Axotomous Iron-ore.

R-o, R. I.**.*

a R b

FIG. 14$. Axotomous Iron-ore.

B_«. R. _L*±±
r 2

a' #' V

FIG. 143. Axotomous Iron-ore.

R — a>. R. *£J

VOL ir.r LATE* im.

J-'tit 741

VOL. II. PLATE XXVII.

FIG. 144. Axotomous Iron -ore.

R — oo. R— . 1. R. R+l.

r 2

a c # b d

FIG. 145. Rhombohedral Quartz.

P. R. P + OB. — R. P.
P,* s r,r' s' *,P

FIG. 146. Rhombohedral Quartz.

P. R. £.(£>. Iff)5. £(9

r 2 r 2 r "2

• T?' " + «

^ r,/

FIG. 147. Rhombohedral Quartz.

p +E __r_(P)f J_(P)J J^(P)3 J_(P)V
* * 2 * _ 1 2 ' — 12 ' — 1 g

X y u

. p+2.

i_ff>.5 IP. .

— 1 2 2

v b mar d

FIG. 148. Rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

R — oo. 2 (R — . 1). P. 2 (R).
P a x s

p+i

r 2 r 2

* u c

R -I- x. P -i- oo.

e M

FIG. 149. Rhombohedral Fluor-haloide.

R— oo. P — 1. 2(11 — 1). P.
P r ax

P + i.

r

VOL. IT .PL. //•//. VA'1 77

VOI. III.

VOL. II. PLATE XXVIII.

FIG. 150. Rhombohedral Emerald.

R — oo. P. 2(R). P + l. 2((P
P t s u a

P +00.

M
FIG. 151. Octahedral Fluor-haloide.

H. D.

i s
FIG. 152. Octahedral Fluor-haloide.

H. A*.

i sc
FIG. 153. Hexahedral Kouphone-spar.

H. Ci.

P o
FIG, 154. Dodecahedral Garnet.

D. Ci.

P n
FIG. 155. Hexahedral Lead-glance.

H. O. D. B.

P c o I

f. . ff. PLATE x

m

*.,

VOL. II. PLATE XXIX.

FIG, 156. Dodecahedral Corundum.

P
FIG. 157. Hexahedral Gold.

FIG. 158. Tetrahedral Copper-glance.
O 0

FIG. 159 and 160. Tetrahedral Boracite.
„. « D.

P s n

FIG. 161. Tetrahedral Copper-glance.
°. D. Ci. j

P 6

VOL .H PT.ATK~XXTY

-gj*

"^ p

^n\

X

n I

v/

p

P

\x

»

Q

VOL. II. PLATE XXX.

FIG. 162. Dodecahedral Garnet-blende.
D. «

P y

FIG, 163. Dodecahedral Garnet-blende.

P
FIG. 164. Octahedral Diamond.

£ <2

P n

FIG. 165. Hexahedral Iron-pyrites.

H. A!.

p «

FIG. 166. Hexahedral Iron-pyrites.
O. —.

FIG. 167. Hexahedral Iron-pyrites.
H. O. ^1. Ci. ?-.
P d c u s

VOL K PLATE

VOL. II. PLATE XXXI.

FIG. 168. Prismatic Epsom-salt.

*r. pr. P. ft+i.

n m I r q t s

P + oo. £r + oo. Pr + oo.

Mop
FIG. 169. Di- prismatic Lead-baryte.

P—oo. P— l.Pr. P. (Pr)3. f Pr+2. Pr+1. (Pr)3.
g w M t v e y o

P+oo. (Pr+oD)5. (Pr+oo)3. Pr+oo. Pr+oo.

P u s I h

FIG. 170. Hemi-prismatic Lead-baryte.

P P, Pr+1. -Lr. * -(J5!. P + oo.
2 222

t z y k v b M

(Pr + o>)3. Pr + oo. Pr + QD.

a g f

FIG. 171. Axotomous Lead-baryte.

P — cr ?r""1 ?f ^r+1 P--^ (P — 2)4
~ * ~ ~~~ ~

f e g h

i ^nSl Pr-2. Pr-L
22

P o / w

222 2

P+oo. <P+OD^. Pr+x.

F o' c d b

FIG. 172. Prismatic Cobalt-mica.

— . -. (Pr + oo)?. (?r+oo)5. ?r+oo. Pr + o>.
2 2

M I Jc s T P

FIG. 173. Rhombohedral K"ouphone-spar.

R — 1. R. R + l. P + oo, 2JR— oo|.

n P r u

V02. .n. PL A TE

Fi?.J72.

- 773 .

7/7 /

S

VOL. II. PLATE XXXII.

FIG. 174. Prismatic Kouphone-spar, from Au-
vergne.

FIG. 175. Mesolite from Iceland.

FIG. 176. Paratomous Augite-spar.

Pr P (Pr)5 Pr (P)s

"¥' 2* ~~2~ ' IT IT

P s o t u

(Pr -f QD)5. P r + oo. Pr + oo.

FIG. 177. Horizontal projection of the same.
FIG. 178. Pyramidal Copper-pyrites.

a P g b h

p + i. — JLrr-1 — 5zZn?.

c d e

(^pP — 5)5 _P

f y

FIG. 179. Pyramidal Copper-pyrites.

|. P+l. {P — 1. P}. Regular

composition of five individuals, each
of the lateral ones being joined to the
central individual, in a plane perpen-
dicular to a terminal edge of P.

M

Fw.J7b\

VOL .H. Pf.A TE JDTZ2Z.

M

,\f

Fu7.177.

Fur, 279.

VOL, II. PLATE XXXIII.

FIG. 180. Hexahedral Gold.

o
FIG. 181. Di-prismatic Copper-glance.

P— oo. Pr— 1. fr. fr+1. Pr — 1.
Jc e d f o

(?r — I)3. P. Pr. (?r+oo)3.

y P p n

f r -f oo. Pr -f- oo.
s r

FIG, 182. Rhombohedral Ruby-blende.

R — 1. P+oo. R+ !. R— 1.

z n g z

FIG. 183. Henri-prismatic Ruby-blende.

P_«. -^r+J. P + oo.

it

b t f

FIG. 184. Henri-prismatic Sulphur.

Pr P (Pr)3 Pr P

T* ¥' ~2~ " or " ~%*

t n q P n'

_ (Pr)3 (f)3 p

nr' "«-• + °°*

4 * f

(?r+oo)7. (Pr+oD)3. (Pr+oo)5.

W g V

Pr -|- oo. Pr + oo.

s u

FIG, 185. Allanite.

VOL. IT. PLATE XX7/TT

Fij.180.

iy .281
j.

IP

- • J82.

\

. 283 .

Fin.

VOL. II. PLATE XXXIV.

FIG. 186. Acmite.

FIG. 187. Babingtonite, copied from Mr LE'VY'S
figure.

FIG. 188. Baryto-Calcite.
FIG. 189. Brewsterite.

FIG. 1 90. Brookite, copied from Mr LEVY'S figure.
?r — 1. £r. (£? — 2)». (Pr — I)5.

a2 a1 i $

* Pr. P. (Pr -h OB)*, f r + QD.

3

Pr QD.

FIG, 191. Childrenite.

| P. P. | £ r

b e a

VOL IT. PLATE JLXJLIV

Fig. 190

VOL. II. PLATE XXXV.

FIG. 192. Euchroite.

,p _ oo. f r. P + oo. (£r + oo)5.
P n s

(£r -f oo)5. £r + oo.
/ Jc

FIG. 193. Fergusonite.

P-tt p (L=J!11

FIG. 194. Levyne.

R^-oo. R — 1. R.

o g P

FIG. 195. Roselite, copied from Mr LEVY'S figure.

FIG. 196. Gmelinite.

R — oo. P. P -|- oo.
o y u

FIG. 197. Wagnerite, copied from a drawing by
Dr G. ROSE.

VOL. H.fJ.A TK JOXV.

INDEX.

Abrazite iii. 174

Achirite ii. 172

Achmite iii. 67
Acicular bismuth.

glance iii. 130

Acicular olivenite iii. 144

Acid ii. 22

Acide boracique ii. 25

sulfurique ii. 24

Acmite iii. 67
Actinolite ii. 272. 278

Actinote ii. 2?5

Adamantine spar ii. 302

Adhesive slate iii. 177
Adipocire, mineral iii. 1 07

Adular ii. 251

Adularia ii. 258
Aeriform carbonic acid ii. 22

muriatic acid ii. 23

Agalmatolite iii. JOO

Agaric mineral ii. 89

Agate ii. 329

Agate-jasper ii. 328

Alaun ii. 50

Alaunstein ii. 67

Albin ii. 244

Albite ii. 255

Allagite iii. 123

VOL. III. T

Allanite

Allochroit

Allochroite

Allophane

Almandin

Almandine

Alum

Alum-earth

Alum-haloide

Alum-rock

Alum-salt

Alum-slate

Alumstone

iii. 68. 98
ii. 353
ii.362
iii. 69
ii.359
ii. 363
ii. 50
iii. 178
ii. 67
ii. 68
ii. 50
iii. 178
ii. 67

Alumine fluatee alcaline ii. 66
fluate'e siliceuse ii. 308
magne'sie'e ii. 295
sulfatee ii. 50
sulfatee alcaline ii. 50
sous-sulfatee alca-
line ii. 67
Alumine, subphosphate

of iii. 169

Aluminite iii. 70

Amalgam ii. 431

Amalgam, native ii. 431

Amazone stone ii. 263

Amber iii. 57

Amblygonite iii. 70

290

INDEX.

Amethyst ii. 325

Amethyst, oriental ii. 303

Amiantus ii. 279

Ammonia, muriate of ii. 39

Ammoniac-salt ii. 39

Ammoniac, sulphat of iii. 125
Ammoniaque muriate'e ii. 39

Amphibole ii. 275

Amphigene ii. 224

Analcime ii. 227

Anatase ii. 379

Andalusite ii. 293

Anhydrite ii. 62

Anhydrous gypsum ii. 62

Ankerite i. 411

Anorthite iii. 7 1

Anthophyllite ii. 211
Anthophyllit, bliittriger ii. 207

strahliger ii. 211
Anthracite iii. 64. 65

Anthracolite ii. 90

Anthrakolit ii. 83

Antlirakonit ii. 84

Anthrazit iii. 65
Antimoine hydro-sulfure iii. 36

natif ii. 426

oxide' ii. 152

oxide' sulfure' iii. 36

sulfure iii. 23
sulfure plombo-

cuprifere iii. 5

Antimon, gediegen ii. 426

Antimon-Silber ii. 427

Antimonblende iii. 36

Antimonbliithe ii. 152

Antimonglanx iii. 23

Antimonial silver ii. 427

Antimony ii. 426

Antimony, dodecahedral ii. 426
grey iii. 23. 26

native ii. 426

nickeliferous grey iii. 131
octahedral ii. 427

oxide of ii. 152

prismatic ii. 427

prismatic white ii. 151
red iii. 36

rhombohedral ii. 426

sulphuret of iii. 23

sulphuret of silver

and iii. 30

white ii. 152

Antimony-baryte ii. 151

Antimony-blende iii. 36

Antimony-glance iii. 21

axifrangible iii. 5

axotomous iii. 26

prismatic iii. 4. 21

prismatoidal iii. 23. 26

Antimony-ochre ii. 427 iii. 25

Apatite ii. 73

Aphrit ii. 349

Aphrite iii. 72

Aplome ii. 364

Apophyllite ii. 244. 246

Aquamarine ii. 316

oriental ii. 312

Arendalite ii. 286

Arfvedsonite iii. 73

Argent antimonial ii. 427

antimonie' sulfure' iii. 38

antimonie sulfure

noir iii. 27

muriate ii. 154

natif ii. 434

noir iii. 27

ISDEX.

291

Argent sulfurd iii. 1 1

sulfur^ flexible iii. 30
Argentiferous copper-

glance iii. 73
Argile schisteuse no-

vaculaire iii. 187

Arragon ii. 79

Arragonite iL 79

Arseniate of cobalt iL 184

of copper, martial iii. 149

octahedral iL 160
oblique prismatic iii. 144

prismatic ii. 164

rhomboidal ii. 178

of iron ii. 162

of lead ii. 133

of lime iii. 135

of nickel ii. 448

Arsenic ii. 423

Arsenic, oxide of ii. 26

native ii. 423

oxyde* ii. 26

sulfurdjaune iii. 47

sulfur^ rouge iii. 50

Arsenic-acid ii. 26

Arsenical bismuth iii. 74

iron ii. 449

nickel ii. 446

Arsenical-pyrites ii. 448

axotomous ii. 448

di-prismatic ii. 449

prismatic ii 448. 449

Arsenik, gediegen ii. 423

Arsenikbllithe ii. 26

Arsenikkies ii. 449

Arsenik-Nickel ii. 446

Arsenik-Silber ii. 427

Arseniksa.ures Eisen ii. 162

Arseniksaures Kobalt ii. 184
Arsenik- Wismuth iii. 71*
Asbest ii. 268. 274
Asbestus ii. 274
Asbestus, common iii. 138
Asche iiL 73
Asphalt iiL 59
Asteria ii. 303
Atacamite iii. 74
Atmosphaerische Luft ii. 20
Atmospheric air ii. 20
Atmospheric-gas ii. 20
Atmospheric- water ii. 21
Augite ii. 268
hemi-prisinatic iL 274
oblique-edged ii. 268
prismatic ii. 286
prismatcidal ii. 282
pyramido-prismatic ii. 268
straight-edged ii. 274
Augite-spar ii. 268
hemi-prismatic ii. 274
paratomous ii. 268
polystomous iii. 115
prismatic iL 286
prismatoidal ii. 282
Auripigment iii. 47
Automalite ii. 298
Axinite ii. 341
Axotomous Antimony-
glance iii. 20
Arsenical-pyrites ii. 448
Iron-ore ii. 397
Kouphone-spar ii. 246
Lead-baryte ii. 144
Triphane-spar ii. 217
Azure-malachite ii. 167
Azure-spar ii. 288

INDEX,

Azure-spar, dodecahe-

dral ii. 288

prismatic ii. 290

prismatoidal ii. 292

Azure stone ii. 288

Azurite ii. 290

Babingtonite
Baikalit
Balas ruby
Bardiglione

iii. 75

ii. 268. 272

ii. 298

ii. 62

Bary-strontianite iii. 159

Baryt ii. 121

Baryt, kohlensaurer ii. 119

schwefelsaurer ii. 121

Baryte ii. 101

axifrangible ii. 126

carbonatee ii. 119

di-prismatic ii. 116. 119

prismatic ii. 121

prismatoidal ii. 126

pyramido-prismatic ii. 116

rhomboidal ii. 119

sulfatee ii. 121

sulfate'e fe'tide ii. 124

Barytes, carbonate of ii. 119

sulphate of ii. 121

Baryto-calcite iii. 76

Bergmannite iii. 77

Bergmilch ii. 83

Bergpech iii. 59

Bergtheer iii. 59

Beril, schorlartiger ii. 308

Beryl ii. 316

Bernstein iii. 57

Bimstein ii. 337

Bismuth ii. 430

arsenical iii. 74

Bismuth, cupreous iii. 91
cupriferous sul-

phuret of iii. 91

native ii. 430

octahedral ii. 430
plumbo-cupriferous

sulphuret of iii. 130

sulfure' iii. 19

sulphuret of iii. 19

Bismuth-glance iii. 19

acicular iii. 130

prismatic iii. 19

Bismuthic silver iii. 78

Bitterkalk ii. 94. 98

Bittersalz ii, 48 .

Bitterspar ii. 94. 98

Bitume iii. 59

Bitumen iii. 59

Bituminoses Holz iii. 61

Bituminous marie iii. 178

marlslate ii 90

Mineral-coal iii. 61

shale iii. 178

wood iii. 62

Black chalk iii. 181

coal iii. 61

cobalt-ochre iii. 78

lead ii. 191

Mineral-resin iii. 59

silver ii. 435

tellurium iii. 16

wad ii. 421

Bliitterkohle iii. 61

Blatterzeolith ii. 242

Blattrich-strahliger Stil-

bit ii. 239

Blattriger Stilbit ii. 242

Pseudomalachit ii. 166

INDEX,

293

Blutter-Tellur
Blau-Bleierz
Blaue Eisenerde
Blauspath

iii. 16
iiL 13
ii. 188
ii. 292

Blei, kohlensaures ii. 130

phosphorsaures ii. 134

chromsaures ii. 137

molybdansaures ii. 140

Bleierde ii. 130

Bleifahlerz iii. 5

Bleigelb ii. 140

Bleiglanz iii. 13

Bleischwarze ii. 130

Bleischweif iii. 13

Blei vitriol ii. 142

Bleiweiss ii. 130

Blende iii. 31.32

Blind coal iii. C4

Bloedite iii. 79

Blue copper ii. 167

felspar ii. 292

lead ii. 136. iii. 13

spar ii. 292

vitriol ii. 44

Blutstein ii. 404

Bole iii. 179

Bolognese-spar ii. 124

Boracic-acid ii. 25

Boracite ii. 347

Borate of lime ii. 220

of magnesia ii. 347

of soda ii. 52

Borax ii. 52

Borax-salt ii. 52

Boraxsa'ure ii. 25

Boraxsaures Natron ii. 52

Borazit ii. 348

Bornstein iii. 57

Botryolite ii. 223

Bournonite iii. 5

Brachytypous Lime-ha-

loide ii. 98

Parachrose-baryte ii. 101
Braunbleierz iiu 134

Brauneisenstein ii. 410

Braunkalk ii. 94

Braunkohle iii. Cl

Braun-Menakerz ii. 373

Braunspath ii. 94. 106

Braunstein, grauer ii. 419
rother ii. 106

piemontischer ii. 282
schwarzer ii. 416

Braunsteinkiesel ii. 359

Brazilian emerald ii. 353

Breislakite iii. 80

Breunnerite i. 411

Brewsterite iii. 80

Brithyne-salt ii. 54

Brittle silver-glance iii. 27
sulphuret of silver iii. 27
Brochantite iii. 81

Brongniartin ii. 54

Bronzite ii. 207

Brookite iii. 82

Brown coal iii. 61

Brown coal, trapezoidal iii. 62
Brown lead-spar ii. 136

Brownspar ii. 96. 102

Brucite iii. 87. 88

Bucklandite iii. 83

Bu nter Kupferkies ii. 467
Buntkupfererz ii. 467

Byssolith ii. 275

294

INDEX.

Cacholong

Calamine
electric
prismatic
rliombuidal

Calaite

Calamite

Calcareous spar
tufa

Calcedony

Calcsinter

Cannel-coal

ii. 332
ii. Ill
ii. 108
ii. 108
ii. Ill
iii. 83
ii. 278
ii. 89
ii. 90
ii. 321
ii. 89
iii. 61. 63

Caoutchouk, mineral iii. 60

Capillary pyrites iii. 130

Carbon, mineral iii. 64

Carbonate of barytes ii. 119

of copper, blue ii. 167

of copper, green 4i. 175

of iron ii. 102

of lead ii. 130

of lime ii. 83

of magnesia iii. 121

of magnesia and iron ii. 98

of manganese ii. 106

of soda ii. 27

of strontian ii. 116

of zinc ii. Ill

Carbonic-acid ii. 22

Carburetted hydrogen

gas ii. 18

Carinthine ii. 278

Carnelian ii. 327

Carpholite iii. 116

Cats eye ii. 321

Cawk ii. 125

Celestine ii. 126

Cellular pyrites ii. 460. 464

Cererit ii. 394

Cerine ii. 395

Cerinstein ii. 394

Cerite ii. 394

Cerium, fluate of iii. 100

oxide" siliceux rouge ii. 394

oxyde' silicifere ii. 394

Cerium-ore ii. 394

indivisible ii. 394

prismatic iii. 68

uncleavable ii. 394

Chabasie ii. 232

Chabasite ii. 232

Chalk ii. 89

black iii. 181

Charcoal, mineral iii. 64. 66

Chaux anhydro-sulfate'e ii. 62

borate'e siliceuse ii. 220

carbonate'e ii. 84

aluminifere ii. 94

ferriftre ii. 94. 102

ferrifere perle'e ii. 94

ferro-mangane'si-

fere ii. 94

magn&ifere ii. 94. 98
mangane'sifere

rose ii. 94

tjuartzifere ii. 92

fluatee ii. 69

phosphate'e ii. 73

sulfatcfe ii, 57

anhydre ii. 62

e'pigene ii. 65

Chiastolite iii. 84

Childrenite iii. 85

Chlorite ii. 193

Chloropal iii. 85

Chlorophzeite . iii. 86

Chlorophane ii. 72

INDEX.

295

Chondrodite iii- 87

Chromate of iron ii. 396

of lead ii. 137

of lead and copper iii. 167

Chromeisenstein ii. 396

Chrome-ore ii. 396

Chrornsaures Blei ii. 137

Chrysoberil ii. 304

Chrysocolla ii. 158

Chrysolite ii 345

Chrysoprase ii. 32?

Cinnabar iii. 44

hepatic iii. 45

Cinnamon*stone ii. 364

Clay iii. 180

Clay slate ii. 203

Claystone iii. 180

Cleavelandite ii. 251

Clinkstone ii. 259

Coal iii. 61

black iii. 61. 62

blind iii. 64

brown iii. 61. 62

coarse iii. 63

columnar iii. 65

common iii. 61

earthy iii. 62

foliated iii. 63

glance iii. 64

pitch iii. 63

slate iii. 63

Coarse coal iii. 63

Cobalt, arseniate of ii. 184

arseniate ii. 184

arsenical ii. 452

bright white ii. 452. 455

earthy iii. 78

Cobalt gris ii. 455

prismatic red ii. 1G4

radiated white ii. 454

red it. 184

silver-white iL 455

sulphate of iii 1 45

sulphuretof iii. 88

tin-white ii. 452

Cobalt bloom ii. 184» 180

Cobalt crust ii. 186

Cobalt-Kies ' iii, 88

Cobalt-mica ii. 184

Cobalt-ochre, black iii. 78

yellow and brown iii. 79

Cobalt-ore, grey ii. 454

Cobalt-pyrites ii. 452

hexahedral ii. 455

octahedral i|. 452

Cobaltic galena iii. 88

Cobaltic lead-glance iii. 88

Coccolite it. 272

Cockscomb pyrites it 464

Colophonite ii. 361

Columbite ii. 390

Columnar coal iii. 65

Common asbestus iii. 138

Common clay iii. 180

Comptonite iii. 89

Condrodite iii. 87

Copper ii. 444

blue carbonate of ii. 167

of cementation ii. 446

chromate of lead

and iii. 167

earthy blue ii. 170

green carbonate of ii. 175
hy drou s phosphate of ii. 1 73

29G

Copper, lenticular
martial arseniate

of

muriate of
native
oblique prismatic

arseniate of
octahedral
octahedral arseniate

of

oxydulated
phosphate of
prismatic arseniate

of

purple

radiated blue
red oxide of
rhomboidal arseniate

of

rhomboidaler
seleniuret of
seleniuret of silver

and

sulphate of
sulphuret of
sulphuret of silver

and

variegated
velvet-blue
vitreous
Copper-black
Copper-glance
argentiferous
di-prismatic
prismatic
prismatoidal
rhomboidal
tetrahedral

INDEX.

ii. 190

Copper-green

ii. 159

common

ii. 158

iii. 149

uncleavable

ii. 158

iii. 74

Copper, grey

iii. 1

ii. 444

antimonial

iii. 3

arsenical

iii. 3

iii. 144

Copper-mica

ii. 178

ii. 444

Copper-Nickel

ii. 446

;e

Copper-ore

ii. 381

ii. 160

octahedral

ii. 381

ii. 381

vitreous

iii. 8

66. 173

yellow

ii. 469

?

Copper-pyrites

ii. 467. 469

ii. 164

octahedral

ii. 467- 469

ii. 467

pyramidal

ii. 469

ii. 170

tetrahedral

iii. 1

ii. 381

yellow

ii. 469

ite

Cordierite

ii. 319

ii. 178

Corindon

ii. 299

Iii. 171

Cork, rock

ii. 279

iii. 150

Corneous lead

ii. 150

manganese

iii. 123

iii. 94

mercury

ii. 156

ii. 44

silver

ii. 154

iii. 8

Corundum

ii. 295. 299

dodecahedral

ii. 295

iii. 73

octahedral

ii. 295. 298

ii. 467

prismatic

ii. 304

iii. 168

rhombohedral

ii. 299

iii. 8

rhomboidal

ii. 299

ii. 472

Crichtonite

ii. 399

iii. 1

Cronstedtite

iii. 90

iii. 73

Cross stone

ii. 229

iii. 5

Cryolite

ii. 66

iii. 8

Cryone-haloide

ii. 66

iii. 4

Crysoberyl

ii. 304

iii. 8

Crystal, rock

ii. 325

iii. 1

Cube-ore

ii. 162

INDEX.

297

Cubizit iL 227

Cuivre arseniate iL 164

hexagonal lamel-

liforme ii. 179

lamelliforme ii. 179

octaedre aigu ii. 164

octaedre obtus ii. 160

primitif ii. 160

carbonat^ ii. 167. 175

bleu ii 167

terreux ii. 158

vert iL 158. 175

dioptase iL 171

gris iii. 1

hydrate' siliceux iL 158

hydro-siliceux iL 158

natif iL 444

oxide' rouge ii. 381

oxidule' ii. 381

phosphate' ii. 166. 173

pjriteux iL 469

pyriteux hepatique iL 467

sele'nie' iii. 150

argental iiL 94

sulfate iL 44

sulfure iiL 8

Cupreous bismuth iiL 91

manganese iii. 92

sulphate of lead ii. 149

sulphato-carbonate

of lead iL 149

Cupriferous sulphuret

of bismuth iii. 91
Cyanite ii. 2 13

Cymophane iL 304

Cyprine ii. 356

Datolite

ii. 220

Demant ii. 306

Demantspath ii. 299

Diallag, talkartiger ii. 206
Diallage fibro-laminaire

me'tallo'ide ii. 208

green ii. 272. 2? 4

me'talloide iL 206. 208. 209

verte ii. 275

Diamant ii. 306

Diamond iL 306

Diaspore iiL 92

Diatoinous Kouphone-

spar ii. 234

Schiller-spar ii. 206

Dichroite ii. 319

Diopside ii. 268. 272

Dioptase ii. 171

Diploite iii. 118

Di-prismatic Copper-
glance iii. 5
Hal-baryte ii. 119
Iron-ore ii. 414
Lead-baryte iL 130
Olive-malachite iL 166
Dipyre iL 264
Disthene iL 213
Disthene-spar iL 213
Dodecahedral Azure-
spar ii. 288
Corundum ii. 295
Garnet ii. 359
Garnet-blende iiL 32
Iron-ore iL 403
Kouphone-spar ii. 225
Mercury ii. 431
Dolomite ii. 93. 98
Doubly refracting spar ii. 92
Drawing slate iii. 181

298

INDEX.

Duttenstein
Dystome spar

ii. 83. 9'J
ii. 220

Earth, fuller's iii. 182

Earth, yellow iii. 187

Earthy coal iii, 62

Earthy cobalt iii. 78

Egeran ii. 354
Eisen, arseniksaures ii. 162

gediegen ii. 442

kohlensaures ii. 102
phosphorsaures ii. 188

Eisenblau ii. 188

Eisenbluthe ii. 79

Eisenchrom ii. 396

Eisenerde, grune iii. 106

Eisenglanz ii. 404

Eisenkalk ii. 102

Eisenkies- ii. 457

Eisenkiesel ii. 321

Eisenopal ii. 332

Eisenoxyd ii. 404

Eisenoxyd-hydrat ii. 410
Eisenschiissig Kupfer-

griin ii. 158

Eisentitan ii. 376

Eisen vitriol ii. 41

Eisspath ii. 251

Elaolite iii. 93

Elaterit iii. 59

Electrum ii. 436

Emerald ii. 313. 316

brazilian ii. 353

oriental ii. 303

prismatic " ii. 313

rhombohedral ii. 316

rhomboidal ii. 316

Emerald copper ii. 171

Emerald-malachite ii. 171
prismatic iii. 95
rhombohedral ii. 171
rhomboidal ii. 171
Emeraude ii. 316
Emery ii. 301
Empyreumatic Hydro-
gen-gas ii. 18
Empyrodox Quartz ii. 337
Epidote ii. 282
mangane'sifere ii. 285
Epsom-salt ii. 48
Erdkobold ii. 184
Erdpeeh iii. 59
Erdkohle iii. 61
Erdol Hi. 59
Essonrte ii. 364
Etain oxyde' ii. 384
Eucairite iii. 94
Euchlore-mica ii. 178
prismatic ii. 180
pyramidal ii. 182
rhombohedral ii. 178
Euchroite iii. 94
Euclase ii. 313
Eudialyte iii. 96

Fahlerz
Fahlunite

hard

Faserkiesel
Faserzeolith
Fassait
Feldspath

apyre

bleu

gemeiner

glasiger

iii. 1
iii. 97
ii. 320
ii. 321
ii. 236
ii. 268
ii. 251
ii. 293
ii. 292
ii. 251
ii. 251

INDEX.

299

Feldspath re'sinite ii. 337

Feldstein ii. 251

Feld-spar ii. 250

blue ii. 292

prismato-pyrami-

dal ii. 264

prismatic ii. 251

pyramidal |L 264

rhombohedral ii. 250

rhomboidal ii. 250

Felspar ii. 251

Fer arseniate' ii. 162

arsenical ii. 449

calcare'o-siliceux ii. 414

carbur^ ii 191

chromate' ii. 396

natif ii. 442

oligiste ii. 404

oxide'-carbonate ii. 102

oxyde' ii. 404. 410

oxyduld ii. 400

phosphat^ ii. 188

sulfate ii. 41

sulfure' ii. 457. 462

aciculaire radie7 ii. 462

blanc ii. 462

ferrifere ii. 465

magnetique ii. 465

Fergusonite iii. 98

Fettstein iii. 93

Feuerstein ii. 321

Fibrolite iiL 99

Figurestone iii. 100

Fire-damp ii. 18

Fire-opal ii. 336

Flexible sulphuret of

silver iii. 30

Flint ii. 326

Flinty slate

Floatstone

Flos ferri

Fluate of cerium
of h'me

Fluellite

Fluid Mercury

Fluor

Fluor-haloide
octahedral
rhombohedral

Fluss

Foliated coal

Fprsterite

Franklinite

Fraueneis

Frugardite

Fuller's earth

Gadolinite

Gahnit

Galena

hexahedral

cobaltic

ii. 326
ii. 321
ii. 81

iiL 100
ii. 69

iiL 101
u. 432
iL 69
ii. 69
ii. 69
iL 73
ii. 69

iiL 63

iiL 102
ii. 403
ii. 57
ii. 356

iiL 182

ii. 371
u.298
iii. 13
iii. 13
iiL 88

Galmei iL 108. Ill

Garnet iL 354. 359

dodecahedral ii. 359. 364

prismatic ii. 364. 366

prismatoidal ii. 366

pyramidal ii. 354

tetrahedral ii. 357

Garnet-blende iii. 32

Gas ii. 17

Gaseous Carbonic-acid iL 22

Muriatic-acid iL 23

Sulphuric-acid ii. 23

Gediegen Arsenik ii. 423

4-ntimon ii. 426

300

INDEX.

Gediegen Eisen

ii. 442

Gold, hexaliedral

ii. 436

Gold

ii. 434

native

ii. 43<>

Kupfer

ii. 444

Gold-glance, graphic

iii. 21

Platin

ii. 441

yellow

iii. 171

Quecksilber

ii. 433

Gothite

ii. 413

Spiessglanz

fi. 426

Grammatit

ii. 275

Silber

ii. 433

Granat

ii. 359

Silvan

ii. 424

Granite, graphic

ii. 264

Tellur

ri. 424

Graphic gold

iii. 21

WismutH

ii. 430

granite

ii. 264

Gehlenite

iii. 102

tellurium

iii. 21

Gekrb'sstein

ii. 64

Graphite

ii. 191

Gelbbleierz

ii. 140

Graphite-mica

ii. 191

Gelbes Rauschgelb

iii. 47

Grau-Braunstein

ii. 419

Gelb-Menakerz

ii. 373

Grau-Manganerz

ii. 419

Gem

ii. 293

Graugiltigerz

iii. 1

Gibbsite

iii. 103

Grauspiesglaserz

iii. 23

Gieseckite

Hi. 104

Green earth

ii. 193

Gips

ii. 57

iron-earth iii.

86. 106

Gismondin

iii. 174

lead-spar

ii. 136

Glance

iii. 1

vitriol

ii. 41

Glance-blende

iii. 31

Grenat

ii. 359

Glance- coal

iii. 64

Grenatite

ii. 366

Glanzerz

iii. 11

Grey antimony iii. 23. 26

Glanz-Kobold

ii. 455

nickeliferous

iii. 131

Glanzkohle

iii. 65

Grey copper

iii. 1

Glaserz

iii. 11

antimonial

iii. 3

Glass, Muscovy

ii. 202

arsenical

iii. 3

Glauberite

ii. 54

Grobkohle

iii. 61

Glauber-salt

ii. 31

Grossular

ii. 359

anhydrous

ii. 33

Griinbleierz

ii. 134

prismatic

ii. 31

Griine Eisenerde

iii. 106

Glaubersalz

ii. 31

Griinerde

ii. 194

Glimmer

ii. 198

Gurhofian

ii. 99

Gmelinite

iii. 104

Gyps

ii. 57

Gold

ii. 436

Gypsum

ii. 57

gediegen

ii. 436

anhydrous

ii. 62

graphic

iii. 21

axifrangible

ii. 57

INDEX.

301

Gypsum, prismatic ii. 62

prismatoidal ii. 57

Gypsum-haloide ii. 57

prismatic ii. 62

prismatoidal ii. 57

Habrcneme-malachite ii. 173

hemi-prismatic ii. 175

prismatic ii. 173

Hair-salt ii. 50

Hal-baryte ii. 116

di-prismatic ii. 119

hemi-prismatic iii. 77

peritomous ii. 116

prismatic ii. 121

prismatoidal ii. 126

Haloide ii. 57

Halotrichum ii. 50

Hard Fahlunite ii. 320

Harmotome ii. 229

Hart-Wasser ii. 21

Hatchetine iii. 106

Hauyne iii. 107

Heavy-spar ii. 121

Heliotrop ii. 321

Heliotrope n. 327

Helvine ii. 357

Hematite, black ii. 418

brown ii. 412

red ii. 408

Hemi-prismatic Augite-

spar ii. 274
Habroneme-mala-

chite ii. 175

Hal-baryte iii. 77

Kouphone-spar ii. 242

Lead-baryte ii. 137

Natron-salt ii, 27

Hemi-prismatic Ruby-
blende iii. 42
Schiller-spar ii. 207
Sulphur iii. 49
Vitriol-salt ii. 41
Hepatic Cinnabar iii. 45
Hepatit ii. 121
Hepatite ii. 124
Hessonite ii. 365
Heulandite ii. 240. 242
Hexahedral Cobalt-py-
rites ii. 455
Glance-blende iiL 31
Gold ii. 436
Iron-pyrites ii. 457
Kouphone-spar ii. 227
Lead-glance iii. 13
Lirocone-malachite ii. 162
Pearl-Kerate ii. 154
Rock-salt ii. 36
Silver ii. 433
Silver-glance iii. 11
Hialith ii. 332
Hiazinth ii. 368
Hisingerite iii. 109
Holz, bituminoses iii. 61
Hone iii. 186
Honeystone iii. 56
Honigstein iii. 56
Hopeite iii. 109
Hornblei ii. 148
Hornblende ii. 274
Hornerz ii. 154
Hornquecksilber ii. 156
Horn silver ii. 154
Hornstein ii. 321
Hornstone ii. 321
Houille iii. 61

INDEX.

Humboldtiner

iii. 110 Iron, native

ii. 442

Humboldtite

ii. 220 octahedral

ii. 442

Humite

iiiv 110 oxydulated

ii. 339

Hyacinth ii.

365*. 369 prismatic blue

ii. 188

Hyalite

ii 332 phosphate of

ii. 188

Hyalosiderite

iii. .1 1 1 spathose

ii. 102

Hydrate of Magnesia

iii. 112 specular

ii. 404

Hydrogen-gas

ii. 17 sulphate of

ii. 41

carburetted

ii» 18 titanitic

ii. 397

empyreumatic

ii. 18 tungstate of

ii. 387

phosphorous

ii. 19 Iron-earth, green

iii. 86. 106

phosphuretted

ii. 19 Iron-flint

ii. 328

pure

ii. 17 Iron -froth, red

ii. 408

sulphureous

ii. 19 brown

ii. 421

sulphuretted

ii. 19 Iron-mica

ii. 188

Hydrolite

iii. 104 Iron -ore

ii. 397

Hydrophane

ii. 332 axotomous

ii. 397

Hyperstene

ii. 209 black

ii. 418

brown

ii. 410

Ice-spar

ii. 251 columnar clay

ii. 408

Ichthyophthalm

ii. 246 di-prismatic

ii. 414

Idocrase

ii. 354 dodecahedral

ii. 403

Idokras ii.

354. 364 lenticular clay

ii. 408

Ignis fatuus

ii. 20 magnetic

ii. 401

Ilvait

ii. 414 micaceous

ii. 408

Indianite

iii. 113 octahedral

ii. 399

Indicolite

ik 353 pitchy

iii. 136

lolite

ii. 319 prismatic

ii. 410

Iridium

iii. 114 red

ii. 404. 407

Iridium and osmium, rhombohedral

ii. 404

alloy of

iii. 114 rhomboidal

ii. 404

luoii

ii. 442 specular

ii. 407

arseniate of

ii. 162 Iron-pyrites

ii. 457. 462

arsenical

ii. 449 common

ii. 457

carbonate of

ii. 102 hexahedral

ii. 457

chromate of

ii. 396 magnetic

ii. 465

earthy blue

ii. 190 prismatic

ii. 461

hydrous oxide of

ii. 410 rhombohedral

ii. 465

INDEX.

303

Iron-pyrites, rhomboiilal ii. 4C5

Kieselmalachit

ii. 158

white

ii.402

Kieselschiefer

ii. 321

Iron-sand

ii, 401

Killinite

iii. 117

Ironshot copper-green

iL 159

Knebelite

iii. 118

Iron-sinter

iiL 115

Kobalt, arseniksaures

u.184

[ron-stone, green

1L364

Kobaltbliithe

iL 184

Kobaltglanz

ii. 455

Jade

iii. 149

Kochsalz

ii. 36

Jamesonite

L471

Kohlenblende

iiL 65

Jargon de Ceylon

iL371

Kohlensaure

iL 22

Jasper

ii. 321

Kohlensaurer Barjt

iL 119

Jayet

iii. 61

Strontian

iL US

JefFersonite

iii. 115

Kohleusaures Eisen

iL 102

Jet

iii. Gl

Blei

iL 130.

Kupfer iL

167. 175

Kalamit

iL 275

Mangan

ii. 106

Kalk

ii. 84

Natron

iL 27

flusssaurer

iL C!)

Kohlemvasserstoflgas

iL 18

kohlensaurer

iL 84

Kokkolith

ii. 268

phosphorsaurer

iL 73

Kolophonit

ii. 359

wasserfreier schwe-

Korund

iL299

felsaurer

iL 62

Kouphone-spar

iL224

wasserhaltiger

axotomous

iL246

schwefelsaurer

ii. 57

diatomous

iL234

Kalkstein

iL 83

dodecahedral

ii. 225

Kalktuff

iL 83

hemi-prismatic

iL 242

Kallochrora

ii. 137

fcexahedral

ii. 227

Kalzedon

ii. 321

paratomous

ii. 229

Kamkies

ii. 462

prismatic

iL236

Kaneelstein

ii. 364

prismatoidal

ii. 239

Kannelkohle

iiL 61

pyramidal

ii. 244

Kaolin

ii. 2G3

rhombohedral

iL232

Karinthin

ii. 275

trapezoidal

iL224

Karpholite

iii. 116

Kreide

iL 33

Karstenit

ii. 62

Kreuzstein

iL 229

Katzenauge

ii. 321

Krisoberil

u.304

Kerate

ii. 154

Krisolith

ii. 345

Kieselkupfer

ii. 158

Krisopras

ii. 321

334

INDEX.

Kiyolith ii. 66
Krystallisirte Blaueisen-

erde ii. 188

Kupfer, gediegen ii. 444
kohlensaures ii. 167- 175
phosphorsaures ii. 173

Kupferbraun ii. 381

Kupferfahlerz iii. 1

Kupferglanz iii. 8

Kupferglas iii. 8

Kupferglimmer ii. 178

Kupfergriin ii. 158

Kupferindig iii. 118

Kupferkies ii. 469

gemeiner ii. 469

bunter ii. 467

Kupferlasur ii. 167

Kupfernickel ii. 446

Kupferroth ii. 381

Kupferschaum ii. 180

Kupfersmaragd ii. 171

Kupfer vitriol ii. 44

Kyanite ii. 213

Labrador ii. 251

Labrador schiller-spar ii. 209

Labradore felspar ii. 258

Labradorite ii. 257

Lapis lazuli ii. 288

Lapis ollaris ii. 196

Lasurstein ii. 288

Latrobite iii. 118

Laumonite ii. 234

Lave alte're'e alunifere ii. 67

vitreuse obsidienne ii. 337

vitreuse perlee ii. 337

vitreuse pumicee ii. 337

I^azulite ii. 289. 290

Lazulith ii. 292

korniger ii. 290

splittriger ii. 292

Lead, arseniate of ii. 133
blue iii. 13

carbonate of ii. 130

chromate of ii. 137

corneous ii. 150

cupreous sulphate of ii. 149
cupreous sulphato-

carbonate of ii. 149
molybdate of ii. 140

murio-carbonate of ii. 150
native iii. 129

phosphate of ii. 133

sulphate of ii. 142

sulphato-tri-carbo-

nate of ii. 144

sulphato-carbonate of ii. 148
sulphuret of iii. 13

tungstate of iii. 165

Lead and copper, chro-
mate of iii. 167

Lead-baryte ii. 130

axotomous ii. 144

di-prismatic ii. 130

hemi-prismatic ii. 137
peritomous ii. 151

prismatic ii. 142

pyramidal ii. 140

rhombohedral ii. 133

Lead-glance iii. 13

cobaltic iii. 88

hexahedral iii. 13

Lead-spar, brown ii. 136

di-prismatic ii. 130

green ii. 136

hemi-prismatic ii. 137

IXDEX.

305

Lead-spar, prisma-

Liquid Sulphuric-acid

ii. 24

tic ii.

137. 142

Liriconite

ii. 160

pyramidal

ii. 140

Lirocone-m alachite

ii. 160

red

ii. 137

hexahedral

ii. 162

rhomboidal

ii. 133

prismatic

ii. 160

tri-prismatic

ii. 142

Lithomarge

iii. 183

Lebererz

iii. 44

Loam

iii. 180

Leberkies ii.

462. 465

Loboite

ii. 356

Leelite

iii. 119

Lomonit

ii.234

Lenticular copper

ii. 160

Luft, atmosphaerische

ii. 20

Lepidolite

ii. 202

Lumachella

ii. 91

crystallized

ii. 353

Lydian stone

ii.326

Leucite

ii. 224

Leuzit

ii. 224

Macle

ii.258

Levyne

iii. 120

Maclureite iii. 87. 88

Lievrite

ii. 414

Macrotypous Lime-ha-

Ligurite

iii. 121

haloide

ii. 93

Lime, arseniate of

iii. 135

Parachrose-baryte

ii. 106

borate of

ii. 220

Magnesia, borate of

ii. 347

carbonate of

ii. 83

carbonate of

iii. 121

fluate of

ii. 69

hydrate of

iii. 112

phosphate of

ii. 73

native

iii. 112

sulphate of

ii. 57

sulphate of

ii. 48

tungstate of

ii. 113

Magnesia and iron, car-

Lime-haloide

ii. 79

bonate of

ii. 98

brachytypous

ii. 98

Magnesian marble

iii. 122

macrotypous

ii. 93

Magne'sie, borate'e

ii. 348

paratomous

ii. 100

sulfatee

ii. 48

prismatic

ii. 79

Magnesite

iii. 121

rhombohedral

ii. 83

Magneteisenstein

ii. 399

Limestone

ii. 83

Magnetic iron-ore

ii. 401

brachytypous

ii. 98

Magnetkies

ii.465

macrotypous

ii. 93

Malachite ii. 158. 175

magnesian

ii. 94

di-prismatic green

ii. 175

prismatic

ii. 79

common

ii. 175

rhomboidal

ii. 83

prismatic

ii. 167

Linsenerz

ii. 160

prismatic blue

ii. 167

Linsenkupfer

ii. 160

prismatic green

ii. 173

VOL. III.

u

306

INDEX.

Malacolithe ii. 268

Mangan, kohlensaures ii. IOC

Manganblende iii. 31

Manganese, black ii. 416

carbonate of ii. 106

compact grey oxide

of ii. 418

corneous iii. 123

cupreous iii. 92

grey oxide of ii. 419
phosphate of iii. 136
rhomboidal red ii. 106
siliciferous oxide of iii. 122
sulphuret of iii. 31

Manganese, carbonate* ii. 106
oxide7 carbonate* ii. 106
oxide' hydrate7 ii. 416
oxide7 rose silicifere

amorphe ii. 106

oxyde7 ii. 419

oxyde' hydrate* con-

cre'tionne' ii. 418

oxyde' noir-brunatre ii. 4 1 8

sulfure* iii. 31

Manganese-blende iii. 31

Manganese-ore ii. 416

black ii. 418

compact ii. 418

fibrous ii. 418

foliated black ii. 416

grey ii. 419

prismatic ii. 418. 419

prismatoidal ii. 419

pyramidal ii. 416

uricleavable ii. 418

Manganese-spar iii. 122

Manganglanz iii. 31

Marble ii. 93

Marble, magnesian iii. 122
Marekanite ii. 339

Margarite ii. 204

Marl ii. 90

Marie, bituminous iii. 178
Marlslate, bituminous ii. 90
Marmo bardiglio di Ber-
gamo ii. 65
Marmolite iii. 124
Martial arseniate of

copper iii. 149

Mascagnine iii. 125

Meionite ii. 264

Melane-glance iii. 27

Melanit ii. 359

Melanite ii. 361

Melichrone-resin iii. 56

Mellilite iii. 125

Mellite iii. 56

Menachine-ore, brown ii. 375

yellow ii. 375

Menilite ii. 332

Mercure argental ii. 431

muriate ii. 156

natif ii. 433

sulfure* iii. 44

Mercury ii. 431

dodecahedral ii. 431

fluid ii. 432

liquid native ii. 432

muriate of ii. 156

pyramidal corneous ii. 156

sulphuret of iii. 44

Mergel ii. 83

Mergelschiefer, bitumi-

noser ii. 83

Mesole iii. 126

Mesoline iii. 126

INDEX.

307

Mesolite ii. 237

Mountain soap

iii.184

Mesotype ii. 236

tallow

iii. 107

e'pointe'e ii. 244

Mullers glass

ii. 332

Metal ii. 423

Muriate of ammonia

ii. 39

Meteoreisen ii. 442

of copper

UL 74

Mica ii. 178. 198

of mercury

ii. 156

ihomboidal ii. 193. 198

of silver

ii. 154

Miemite ii. 97

Muriatic-acid

ii. 23

Mine d'argent grise an-

Muriazit

ii. 62

timoniale iii. 30

Murio-carbonate of lead ii. 150

Mineral-Alcali ii. 27

Muscovy glass

ii. 202

Mineral, agaric ii. 89

Mineral adipocire iii. 107

Nacrite

ii. 196

caoutchouk iii. 60

Nagyager-erz

iii. 16

carbon iii. 64

Naphtha

iii. 59

charcoal iii. 64. 66

Native Amalgam

ii.431

oil iii. 59

Antimony

ii. 426

pitch iii. 59

Arsenic

ii. 423

turquois iii. 83

Bismuth

ii. 430

Mineral-coal iii. 61

Copper

ii. 444

bituminous iii. 61

Gold

ii. 436

non-bituminous iii. 64

Iron

ii. 442

Mineral-resin iii. 57

Lead

iii. 129

black iii. 59

Nickel

iii. 129

yellow iii. 57

Palladium

iii. 134

Mispickel ii. 449

Platina

ii. 441

Molybdanglanz iii. 18

Quicksilver

ii. 432

Molybdansaures Blei ii. 140

Silver

ii. 433

Molybdate of lead ii. 140

Tellurium

ii. 424

Molybdena, rhomboidal iii. 18

Natrolite

S. 237

sulphuret of iii. 18

Natron

ii. 27

Molybdena-glance iii. 18

boraxsaures

a. 52

Molybdena-silver iii. 127

kohlensaures

ii. 27

Molybdene sulfure' iii. 18

prismatic

ii. 27

Molybdic silver iii. 127

schwefelsaures

ii. 31

Moonstone ii. 264

Natron-salt

ii. 27

Moor coal iii. 62

hemi-prismatic

ii> 27

Moorkohle iii. 61

prismatic

ii, 2!>

SOS

IKDEX.

Naturlich Amalgam ii. 431
Kochsalz ii. 36
Mineral-Alkali ii. 27
Natiirlicher Salmiak ii. 39
Salpeter ii. 34
Schwefel iii. 52
Vitriol ii. 41. 44. 46
Needle-ore iii. 130
Nepheline ii. 250
Nephrite iii. 131
Nickel, arsenical ii. 446
arseniate' ii. 448
arseniate of ii. 448
native iii. 129
Nickel-ochre ii. 448
Nickel-pyrites ii. 446
Nickeliferous grey an-
timony iii. 131
Nigrine ii. 376
Nitrate of soda iii. 132
of potash ii. 34
Nitre ii. 34
Nitre-salt ii. 34
Non-bituminous Mine-
ral-coal iii. 64
Nosin iii. 157
Nuttallite iii. 133

Oblique prismatic ar-
seniate of copper iii. 144
Obsidian ii. 337
Octahedral Alum-salt ii. 50
Ammoniac-salt ii. 39
Arsenic-acid ii. 26
Bismuth ii. 430
Chrome-ore ii. 396
Cobalt-pyrites ii. 452
Copper ii. 444

Octahedral Copper-ore ii. 381

Copper-pyrites ii. 467

Corundum ii. 298

Diamond ii. 306

Fluor-haloide ii. 69

Iron-ore ii. 399

Iron , ii. 442

Octahedrite ii. 379

Oil, mineral iii. 59

Oktaedrit ii. 379

Olive-malachite ii. 164

di-prismatic ii. 166

prismatic ii. 164

Olivenerz ii. 164. 166

Olivenit ii. 164

Olivenite acicular ii. 164

di-prismatic ii. 160. 166

hexahedral ii. 162

prismatic ii. 164. 166. 173

radiated acicular iii. 144

Olivenkupfer ii. 164

Olivin ii. 345

Omphazit ii. 268

Oolite ii. 89

Opal ii. 332

Opal-jasper ii. 335

Opal-jaspis ii. 332

Or natif ii. 434

Ore ii. 373

Oriental amethyste ii. 303

aquamarine ii. 312

emerald ii. 303

ruby ii. 303

sapphire ii. 303

topaz ii. 303

Orpiment iii. 47. 48

yellow iii. 47

red iii. 49

IXDEX.

309

Orthite iii. 133
Osmium, alloy of iri-

dium and iii. 114

Oxide of antimony ii. 152

of arsenic ii. 26

of iron, hydrous ii. 410
of manganese, grey

compact ii. 418

grey ii 419

siliciferous iii. 122

of tin ii. 384

of zinc, red ii. 380

siliceous ii. 108

Palladium iii. 134

Papierkohle iii. 61

Parachrose-baryte ii. 101

brachytypous ii. 101

macrotypous ii. 106

Paranthine ii. 264

Paratomous Augite-spar ii. 268

Kouphone-spar ii. 229

Lime-haloide ii. 100

Pargasite ii. 281

Pea-stone ii. 89

Peach ii. 198

Pearl-kerate ii. 154

hexahedral ii. 154

pyramidal ii. 156

Pearl-mica ii. 204

Pearlspar ii. 94

Pearlstone ii. 337

Pecherz ii. 393

Pechkohle iii. 61

Pechsteiu ii. 337

Pechuran ii. 393

Peliom ii. 319

Pentaklasit ii. 268

PeYidot ii. 345
Peritomous Hal-baryte ii. 116
I^ead-baryte ii. 151
Ruby-blende iii. 44
Titanium-ore ii. 376
Perlglimmer ii. 304
Perlstein ii. 337
Petaline-spar ii. 248
Petalite ii. 248
Petrosilex re'sinite ii. 337
Pharmacolite iii. 135
Pharmakosiderit ii. 162
Phisalit ii. 308
Phosphate of cop-
per ii. 166. 173
hydrous ii. 173
of iron ii. 188
of lead ii. 133
of lime ii. 73
of manganese iii. 136
of uranium ii. 182
Phosphorit ii. 73
Phosphorkupfererz ii. 173
Phosphorous Hydrogen-
gas ii. 19
Phosphorsaurer Kalk ii. 73
Phosphorsaures Blei ii. 134
Eisen ii. 188
Kupfer ii. 166. 173
Pbosphorwasserstoffgas ii. 19
Photizite iii, 123
Physalite ii. 311
Picnit ii. 308
Picrolite iii. 136
Picropharmacoh'te iii. 135
Picrosmine iii. 137
Pictite iii. 167
Pierre de trippes ii. $4

310

INDEX.

Finite

Pipe-clay

PirenUit

Pirop

Pisolite

Pistazit

Pitch, mineral

Pitch-blende

Pitch coal

Pitch-ore

Pitchstone

Pitchy iron-ore

Plasma

Platina

Pleonaste

Plomb carbonate

iii. 139
iii. 180
ii. 359
ii. 359
ii. 89
ii. 282
iii. 59
ii. 393
iii. 63
ii. 393
ii. 337
iii. 136
ii. 321
ii. 441
ii. 295
ii. 130

carbonate rhomboi-

dal ii. 144

chromate ii. 137

hydro-alumine iii. 140
molybdate' ii. 140

natif iii. 129

phosphate ii. 134

sulfate' ii. 142

sulfure iii. 13

sulfure antimoni-

fere iii. 5

sulfure plombo-cu-

prifere iii. 5

Plombgomme iii. 140

Plumbago ii. 191

Plumbo-cupriferous sul-

phuret of bismuth iii. 130
Polishing slate iii. 184

Poly halite iii. 141

Polyxen ii. 441

Porcelain- earth ii. 259

Porcelain-jasper ii. 328

Porcelain-spar ii. 260
Pot-stone ii. 196
Potash, nitrate of ii. 34
sulphate of iii. 159
Potasse nitrate'e ii. 34
sulfatee iii. 159
Potter's-clay iii. 180
Prase ii. 326
Prehnite ii. 217
Prismatic Andalusite ii. 293
Antimony ii« 427
Antimony-baryte ii. 151
Antimony-glance iii. 4. 21
arseniate of cop-
per, oblique iii. 144
Arsenical-pyrites ii. 449
Augite-spar ii. 286
Axinite ii. 341
Azure-malachite ii. 167
Azure-spar ii. 290
Bismuth-glance iii. 19
Boracic-acid ii. 25
Borax-salt ii. 52
Bri thy ne- salt ii. 54
Chrysolite ii. 345
Cobalt-mica ii. 184
Coppar-glance iii. 8
Corundum ii. 304
Cryone-haloide ii. 66
Disthen^-spar ii. 213
Dystome-spar ii. 220
Emerald ii. 313
Emerald-malachiteiii. 95
Epsom-salt ii. 48
Euchlore-mica ii. 180
Feld-spar ii. 251
Gadolinite ii. 371
Glaubcr.salt ii. 31

INDEX.

311

Prismatic Gypsum-ha-

loide ii. 62
Habroneme-mala-

chite ii. 173

Hal-baryte ii. 121

Iron-mica ii. 188

Iron -ore ii. 410

Iron-pyrites ii. 461

Kouphone-spar ii. 236

Lead-baryte ii. 142

Lime-haloide ii. 79
JLirocone-malachite ii. 160

Melane-glance iii. 27

Natron-salt ii. 29

Nickel-pyrites ii. 446

Nitre-salt ii. 34

Olive-malachite ii. 164

Petaline-spar ii. 248

Purple-blende iii. 36

Quartz ii. 319

Scheelium-ore ii. 387

Schiller-spar ii. 211

Sulphur iii. 52

Talc-mica ii. 193

Tantalum-ore ii. 390

Tellurium-glance iii. 16

Titanium-ore ii. 373

Topaz ii. 308

Triphane-spar ii. 216

Vitriol-salt ii. 46

Zinc-baryte ii. 108
Prismatoidal Antimo-
ny-glance iii. 23. 26

Augite-spar ii. 282

Azure-spar ii. 292

Copper-glance iii. 4

Garnet ii. 366

Gypsum-haloide ii. 57

Prismatoidal Hal-ba-
ryte ii. 126
Kouphone-spar ii. 239
Manganese-ore ii. 419
Schiller-spar ii. 209
Sulphur iii. 47
Pseudomalachit ii. 173
bliittriger ii. 166
Pumice ii. 337
Pure Atmospheric-gas ii. 20
Atmospheric- water ii. 21
Hydrogen-gas ii. 17
Purple-blende iii. 36
Pycnite ii. 308.311
Pyrallolite iii. 141
Pyramidal Copper-py-
rites ii. 469
Euchlore-mica ii. 182
Feld-spar ii. 264
Garnet ii. 354
Kouphone-spar ii. 244
Lead-baryte ii. 140
Manganese-ore ii. 416
Melichrone-resin iii; 56
Pearl-kerate ii. 156
Scheelium-baryte ii. 113
Tin-ore ii. 384
Titanium-ore ii. 379
Zircon ii. 368
Pyreneite ii. 361
Pyrites ii. 446
auriferous ii. 461
capillary iii. 130
cellular ii. 460. 464
cockscomb ii. 464
hepatic ii. 464
magnetic ii. 465
radiated ii. 464

INDEX.

Pyrites, spear

Pyromorphit

Pyrop

Pyrope

Pyrorthite

Pyrosmalite

Pyro-smaragdus

Pyroxene

ii. 464

ii. 134

ii. 359

ii. 361

iii. 142

iii. 143

ii. 72

ii. 268

Quartz ii. 319. 325

common ii. 326

empyrodox ii. 337

fibrous ii. 327

fusible ii. 337

hyalin-concretionneii. 332
indivisible ii. 332. 337
prismatic ii. 319

prismato-rh omboi-

dal ii. 319

re'sinite ii. 332

rhombohedral ii. 321

rhomboidal ii. 321

rose ii. 326

spongiform ii. 321

uncleavable ii. 332

Quecksilber, gediegen ii. 433

Quecksilber-Hornerz ii. 156

Quecksilber-Lebererz iii. 44

Quicksilver, native ii. 432

Quicksilver liver-ore iii. 45

Radiated acicular oli-

venite iii. 144

Rauschgelb iii. 47

gelbes iii. 47

rothes iii. 50

Rauchwacke iii. 73

Rautenspath ii. 94. 98

Realgar iii. 48. 50
Red antimony iii. 36
manganese, rhom-
boidal ii. 106
orpiment iii. 49
silver iii. 38
vitriol iii. 145
Resin iii. 56
Retinasphalt iii. 146
Retinite iii. 146
Rhaetizit ii. 213
Rhodochrosit ii. 106
Rhodonite iii. 123
Rhombohedral Alum-

haloide ii. 67

Antimony ii. 426

Corundum ii. 299

Emerald ii. 316
Emerald-malachite ii. 171

Euchlore-mica ii. 178

Feld-spar ii. 250

Fluor-haloide ii. 73

Graphite-mica ii. 191

Iron-ore ii. 404

Iron-pyrites ii. 465

Kouphone-spar ii. 232

Lead-baryte ii. 133

Lime-haloide ii. 83
Molybdena-glance iii. 18

Pearl-mica ii. 204

Quartz ii. 321

Ruby-blende ii. 38

Talc-mica ii. 198

Tourmaline ii. 349

Zinc-baryte ii. Ill

Rhomb-spar ii. 96. 98

Rock-cork ii. 279

Rock-crystal ii. 325

INDE*.

313

Rock-milk

Rock-salt

Rock-wood

Roestone

Ilohwand

Roschgewachs

Rose quartz

Roselite

Rosszahn

Rothbleierz

Rotheisenstein

Rothes Rauschge

Rothgiltigerz

Rothkupfererz

Rotfaspiesglaserz

Rubinglimmer ii. 413

Ruby H. 301

oriental ii. 303

spinelle ii. 295. 298

balas ii. 298

Ruby-blende iii. 38

hemi-prismatic iii. 42
peritomous iii. 44

prismato-rhomboi-

dal iii. 44

rhombohedral iii. 38
rhomboidal iii. 38

Ruby silver iii. 38

Ruby sulphur Hi. 49

Russkohle iii. 61

Rutile ii. 376

ii. 89

Salt

ii. 27

ii. 36

common

ii. 36

ii. 279

Salzsaiire

ii. 23

ii. 89
ii. 100
iii. 29

Saphir
Sapphire
oriental

ii. 299
ii. 301
ii. 303

ii. 326

d'eau

iL 321

iii. 147

Sarcolite

UL 104. 147

ii. 100

Sassoline

ii. 25

ii. 137

ii. 404
iii. 50

Satin-spar
Saugkalk
Saussurite

ii. 82
ii. 84
iii. 148

iii. 38
ii. 381

Scapolite
Schabasit

iL 264
ii. 232

iii. 36

Schalstein

ii. 286

Sahlit

Sal ammoniac

Salamstein

Salamstone

Salmiak

Salpeter

ii. 268
ii. 39
ii. 296. 299
ii. 301
ii. 39
iL 34

Scheelin, calcaire iL 1 13

ferrugind iL 387

Scheelit iL 113

Scheelium-baryt iL 113

Scheelium-ore ii. 387

Schieferspath iL 83. 84

Schilfglaserz iiL 31

Schiller-spar ii. 206. 207

axotomous iL 274

common ii. 206

diatomous iL 206

hemi-prismatic iL 207

labradore iL 209

prismatic ii. 211

prismatoidal ii. 209

Schillerspath ii. 206

SchiUerstein ii 206. 207

SchmeLzstein ii. 264

Schmirgel iL 299

Schorl ii. 349

Schorlartiger Beril ii. 308

Schrifterz iii. 21

Schrift-Tellur iii. 21

314

INDEX.

Schwaden ii. 23

Schwarz Braunstein,

blattriger ii. 416

dichter ii. 418

fasriger ii. 418

Schwarzbleierz ii. 130

Schwarzeisenstein ii. 418

Schwarzerz iii. 1. 31

Schwarzgiltigerz iii. 1. 27

Schwarzkohle iii. 61

Schwarzmanganerz ii. 418

Schwarzspiesglaserz iii. 5

Schwefel iii 52

Schwefelkies ii. 457

Schwefelsaiire ii. 24

Schwefelsaurer Baryt ii. 121

Kalk, wasserfreier ii. 62

Kalk, wasserhalti-

ger ii. 57

Strontian ii. 126

Schwefelsaures Natron ii. 31
Schwefelwasserstoffgas ii. 19
Schweflichte Satire ii. 23
Schwerspath ii. 121

Schwerstein ii. 113

Schwhnmkiesel ii. 321

Schwimstein ii. 321

Scdezite ii 238

Scorodite iii. 149

Scorza ii. 371

Sea-salt ii. 37

Selenite ii. 60

Seleniuret of copper iii. 150
of silver and cop-
per iii. 94
Semi-opal ii. 335
Serpentine iii. 151
Shale, bituminous iii. 178

Silber, gediegen ii. 433

Silberglanz iii. 11

Silber-Hornerz ii. 154

Silberspiessglanz ii. 427

Silice fluate'e alumi-

neuse ii. 308

Siliceous oxide of zinc ii. 108
sinter ii. 332

Siliciferous oxide of

manganese iii. 122

Sillimanite iii. 153

Silvan, gediegen ii 424

Silver ii. 433

antimonial ii. 429

arsenical ii. 429

bismuthic iii. 78

black ii. 435

brittle sulphuret of iii. 27

flexible sulphuret

of iii. 30

hexahedral ii. 433

hexahedral corne-
ous ii. 154
molybdic iii. 127
muriate of ii. 154
native ii. 433
red iii. 38
sulphuret of iii. 1 1
vitreous iii. 1 1
white iii. 29
Silver and antimony,

sulphuret of iii. 30

Silver and copper, se-

leniuret of iii. 94

sulphuret of iii. 73

Silver-glance iii. 1 1

brittle iii. 27

hexahedral iii. 11

INDEX.

315

Silvef -glance, rhomboidal iii. 27

Sinter, siliceous ii. 332

Skapolith ii. 264

Skorodite iiL 149

Slate, adhesive iii. 177

polishing iii. 184

Slate coal iiL 63

Slate-spar ii. 90

Smaragd ii. 316

Smaragdite ii. 274

Smoky topaz ii. 330

Snuff, Spanish ii. 425

Soap, mountain iii. 184

Soapstone iii. 157

Soda ii. 17

borate of ii. 52

carbonate of ii. 27

nitrate of iii. 132

sulphate of ii. 31

Sodalite ii. 225. 226

Somervillite iii. 154

Sommite ii. 250

Sordawalite iii. 155

Soude borate'e ii. 52

carbonate'e ii. 27

muriatee ii. 36

nitrate'e iii. 132

sulfate'e ii. 31

Soufre iii. 52

Spanish snuff ii. 425

Spar ii. 206

calcareous ii. 89

doubly refracting ii. 92

Bolognese- ii. 124

Spargelstein ii. 73

Sparkies ii. 462

Sparry iron ii. 101

Spath chatoyant ii. 206

Spath en tables ii. 286

Spathose iron ii. 102

Spatheisenstein ii. 102

Speiskobalt ii. 452
Speiskobold, weisser ii. 452

Sphaerulite iii. 155

Sphaerosiderit ii. 102

Sphene ii. 373

Spiessglanzbleierz iii. 5

Spiessglanzweiss ii. 152

Spiesglas-Silber ii. 427

Spinel H. 295

Spinellane iiL 156

Spinelle ruby iL 295

Spinelle zincif ere ii. 298

Spodumene ii. 216

Sprodglaserz iiL 27

Stangenkohle iiL 65
Staphy line-malachite iL 158

Staurolite ii. 366

Staurotide ii. 366

Steatite iiL 157

Steinheilite iL 320

Steinsalz iL 36
Stilbite iL 239. 242

Stilpnosiderite iiL 158

Stinkgyps iL 57

Stinkkalk ii. 84

Stinkmergel ii. 84

Stinkstein iL 83

Stinkzinnober iii. 44

Strahlkies ii. 462
Strahlstein ii. 268. 274

Strahlzeolith iL 239

Stromnite iiL 159

Stronthian ii. 116
Strontian, carbonate of ii. 116

kohlensaurer ii. H6

316

INDEX.

Strontian, schwefelsaurer ii. 1 26
sulphate of ii. 126

Strontiane carbonatee ii. 116
sulfatee ii. 126

Strontianite ii. 116

Subphosphate of alu-

raine iii. 169

Succin iii. 57

Sulphate of ammonia iii. 125
of barytes ii. 121

of cobalt iii. 145

of copper ii. 44

of iron ii. 41

of lime ii. 57

of lead ii. 142

of magnesia ii. 48

of potash iii. 159

of soda ii. 31

of stroii tia ii. 126

of zinc ii. 46

Sulphate-carbonate of

of lead ii. 148

Sulphato-tri-carbonate

of lead ii. 144

Sulphur iii. 47. 52

hemi-prismatic iii. 49
prismatic iii. 52

prismatoidal iii. 47

Sulphureous Hydrogen-
gas ii. 19

Sulphuret of antimony iii. 23
of bismuth iii. 19

of bismuth, cupri-
ferous iii. 91
of bismuth, plum-
bo-cupriferous iii. 130
of cobalt iii. 88
of copper iii. 8

Sulphuret of lead iii. 13
of manganese iii. 31
of mercury iii. 44
ofmolybdena iii. 18
of silver iii. 11
of silver, brittle iii. 27
of silver, flexible iii. 30
of silver and anti-
mony iii. 30
of tin iii. 163
of zinc iii. 32
triple iiL 5
Sulphuretted hydrogen gas ii. 19
Sulphuric-acid ii. 23
aeriform ii. 23
gaseous ii. 23
liquid ii. 24
Sunstone ii. 264
Surturbrand iii. 64
Swath ii. 23
Swine-stone ii. 90

Tabular-spar ii. 286

Tafelspath ii. 286

Talc ii. 193

Venetian ii. 198

Talc-mica ii, 193

prismatic ii. 193

rhombohedral ii. 198

rhomboidal ii. 198

Talk ii. 194

Tallow, mountain iii. 107

Tantale oxide ii. 390

Tantalite ii. 390

Tantalum-ore ii. 390

Tele'sie ii. 299

Tellure natif aurif ere

et argentifere iii. 21

IXDEX.

317

Tellure natif aurifere et

plombifere iii. 16
auro-argenti-

fere iii. 21
auro-ferrifere ii. 424
auro-plombifere iiL 16
ferrif ere et auri-
fere ii. 424
Tellurium ii. 424
black iii. 16
graphic iii. 21
hexahedral ii. 424
native ii. 424
prismatic black iii. 16
yellow iii. 171
Tellurium-glance iii. 1C
Tennantite iii. 161
Terra miraculosa Sax-

oniae , : iii. 184
Tesselite ii. 247
Tetarto-prismatic Vi-
triol-salt iL 44
Tetrahedral Boracite ii. 347
Copper-glance iii. 1
Garnet ii. 357
Tetraklasit iL 264
Thomsonite iii. 162
Thoneisenstein ii. 404. 410
Thulite iii. 162
Thumerstone ii. 344
Thumite ii. 344
Tile-ore ii. 382
Tin, oxide of ii. 384
sulphuret of iii. 163
Tin-ore ii. 384
pyramidal ii. 384
Cornish ii. 386
Tin-pyrites iii. 163

Tin-stone
Tinder-ore
Tinkal
Titane anatase

ii. 386
iii. 37
iL 52
iL379

calcareo-siliceux iL 373

oxyde' iL 376

silice'o-calcaire ii. 373

Titanite iL 375. 376

Titanitic iron ii. 397

Titanium-ore ii. 373

peritomous iL 376

prismatic iL 373

prismato-pyramidalii. 376

pyramidal iL 379

Topaz ii. 308

oriental ii. 303

prismatic ii. 308

smoky iL 330

Topfstein iL 194

Ton-elite iiL 164

Tourmaline ii. 349

Trapezoidal Kouphone-

spar ii. 224

Traublenblei iL 134

Tremolite ii. 278

Tremolith iL 275

Triclasite iiL 97

Triphane ii. 216

Triphane-spar iL 216

axotomous iL 217

prismatic iL 216

Triple sulphuret iiL 5

Tripoli iii. 185

Trona iL 27. iii. 164

Tufa, calcareous ii. 90

Tungstate of iron ii. 387

of lead iii. 165

of lime ii. 113

318

INDEX.

Tungsten

ii. 113 Vitriol, red

iii. 145

Turkey hone

iii. 186 rhomboklal

ii. 41

Turmalia

ii. 349 white

ii. 46

Turnerite

iii. 166 Vitriol-Bleierz

ii. 142

Turquois, mineral

iii. 83 Vitriol-salt

ii. 41

Turquoise

iii. 83 hemi-prismatic

ii. 41

prismatic

ii. 46

Umber

iii. 186 tetarto-prismatic

ii. 44

Uneleavable Cerium-ore ii. 394 Vivianite

ii. 188

Manganese-ore

ii. 418 Vulpinite

ii. 64

Quartz

ii. 332

Staphyline-mala-

Wad, black

ii. 421

chite

ii. 158 Wagnerite

iii. 169

Uranium-ore

ii. 393 Wand, rohe

ii. 100

Uran-Glimmer

ii. 182 Wandstein

ii. 100

Uran-mica

ii. 182 Wasser, Hart-

ii. 21

Uran-ochre

ii. 393 Weich-

ii. 21

Uran-Oxyd

ii. 182 Wasserblei

iii. 16

Uran-Pecherz

ii. 393 Wasserkies

ii. 462

Urane oxydd

ii. 182 Wasserstoffgas

ii. 17

Urane oxyduld

ii. 393 Water

ii. 21

Uranite

ii. 182 Wavellite

iii. 169

Uranium-ore

ii. 393 Weich- Wasser

ii. 21

Uranium, indivisible

ii. 393 Weichgewachs

iii. 12

phosphate of

ii. 182 Weissbleierz

ii. 130

Weisser Speiskobold

ii. 452

Variolite

ii. 259 Weissgiltigerz

iii. 29

Vauquelinite

iii. 167 Weisspiesglaserz

ii. 151

Venetian talc

ii. 198 Wernerite

ii.264

Vesuvian

ii. 354 Whet-slate

iii. 186

Velvet-blue copper

iii. 168 White antimony

ii. 152

Vitreous copper

iii. 8 cobalt, radiated

ii. 454

silver

iii. 11 silver

iii. 29

Vitriol, blue

ii. 44 vitriol

ii. 46

green

ii. 41 Wismuth, gediegen

ii. 430

naturlicher ii. 41

.44. 46 Wismuthglanz

iii. 19

prismatic

ii. 44 Withamite

i^. 170

pyramidal

ii. 46 Witherite

ii. 119

INDEX.

319

Wolfram ii. 387

Zeolite, trapezoidal

ii. 224

Wollastonite ii. 286

Zeolith

ii. 236

Wood, bituminous iii. 62

Ziegelerz

ii.381

Wood, rock ii. 279

Zinc, carbonate of

iL 111

Wood-opal ii. 335

carbonate

iL 111

Wood-stone ii. 326

oxide

ii. 108

Wood-tin ii. 386

oxide ferrif ere lamel-

WUrfelerz iL 162

laire brun rouge-

atre

ii. 380

Yellow earth iii. 187

oxide' silicif ere

iL 108

gold-glance iii. 171

red

ii. 380

Mineral-resin iii. 57

red oxide of

iL380

orpiment iii. 47

siliceous oxide of

ii. 108

tellurium iii. 171

sulphate of

iL 46

Yenite ii. 414

sulfate'

iL 46

Yttro-cerite iii. 172

sulfur^

iiL 32

Yttro-columbite iii. 1 73

sulphuret of

iii. 32

Yttro-tantalite iii. 173

Zink-baryte

iL 108

prismatic

iL 108

Zeagonite iii. 174

rhombohedral

ii. Ill

Zeilanit iL 295

Zinc-blende

iii. 32

Zelkies ii. 457. 462

Zinc-ore

ii. 380

Zeolite, axifrangibleii. 244. 246

Zinerz, Kornisch

iL384

diatomous ii. 234

Zink vitriol

iL 46

di-prismatic ii. 234

Zinkglas

ii. 108

dodecahedral ii. 224. 225

Zinkoxyd

iL380

efflorescente ii. 234

Zinkspath

iLin

foliated ii. 242

Zinnerz

ii. 384

hemi-prismatic ii. 242

Zinnober

iiL 44

hexahedral ii. 227

Zinnstein

iL384

prismatic ii. 236

Zircon

iL368

prismatoidal ii. 239. 242

Zirkon

iL368

pyramidal ii. 229. 244

Zoisit

ii. 282

pyramid o-prismatic ii. 229

Zolestin

iL 126

radiated ii. 239

Zurlite

iiL 176

rhomboidal ii. 232

THE EXD»

ERRATA.

II.

Page 76. line 7. for parallel with faces, read with parallel faces.
90. 20. C2 C2

131. 8. pV + w. Pr + ca Pr 4- «. Pr 4- 09.

10.

145.

156.
208.
244.
315.
367.
377.
379.

45.

118. 12. Kupferinding
120. 7. V8*3

5. from below 1*_*

z

10.

P" +CO

21.

P 4- os (w)

12.

154

14.

forms

5.

67° 58'

15.

126°

VOL. III.

27. fc

»r rhombohedral read

fr + co.

[P + «](«).

153.

formed.

79° 31'.

136°.

peritomous.

Kupferiiidig.

V8-38.

RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT

TO—-* 202 Main Library

LOAN PERIOD 1
HOME USE

2 -

3

4

S

5

6

ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS

RENEWALS Af4D RECHARGES WAY BE MADE 4 DAYS PRIOR TO DUE DATE.
LOAN PERIODS ARE 1-MCNTH 3-MONTHS. AND 1-YEAR.
RENEWALS CALL (415) 642-3405

DUE AS STAMPED BELOW

J

\ JAN 031991

IT

? AUTODISl'OCTZO'CQ

SENT ON ILL

OCT 2 9 2001

U. C. BERKELEY

|

1

FORM NO. DD6, 60m, 1/83 BERKELEY, CA 94720

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKE