maxccently y ero 1a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNEP E Dest ALES NATTONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VoLuME 17, PART 6 TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PANICUM By A. S. HITCHCOCK and AGNES CHASE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915 IssuEeD Juxy 24, 1915. PREFACE. The accompanying paper by A. 5. Hitchcock, Systematic Agros- tologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, and Agnes Chase, Assistant Agrostologist, is supplemental to a revision of the genus Panicum published by the same authors in volume 15 of the Contributions under the title of ‘‘ The North American Species of Panicum.” As stated in the preface to that paper, it was impossible at that time to offer a satisfactory treatment of the tropical species. Since then much additional material, including collections made by the authors, has been accumulated. The present paper includes the results of the study of these collections and presents a fairly detailed account of the genus in tropical North America. There are included 116 species and 3 subspecies. Of these, 9 species are described as new; 5 are South American species which were un- known within the limits of the area covered; 1 is a species recently described ; and 4 are species that were included in the list of synonyms or of dubious species but are now considered valid. In all 19 species are added, making the total for the genus Panicum in North America 216. Each species is accompanied by an outline map graphically representing the geographical distribution within the Tropics of North America. FREDERICK V. COVILLE, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. Ill CONTENTS. Page _TOIHVGCGICG GUTOR, SME US UO al Se OA tas A Lo AOU Nae URlE UPI 459 cra Oepecles BNO IeTOUpS!. cena e eas asec Gm a Ts a 460 PABROCAUET MEtOMt Me SPeClEse aU Ny Ly siue tas ak eae a Rg ae i 463 Pxcluded Speclesianqe tun U la ee. AVR eeu cre oa as A MM yt ROR 532 Isp OMe WA SPeClen esi Lee cle oe Seraph eR ene ss De se 539 TENE ec AS ae an yt SC RS 1 i Ren xI me f > 5 a ; 3 (a eon vy ; id Onan tcl ILLUSTRATIONS. TEXT FIGURES. Page ice Distr bution of Panicum distantifiorum. 89s 8 2 463 Pw IDIS ir UtOMLOli. UlOWanaeuIn. il. se Se ea 464 Hise PSU ULL OT: Oi) 27.) CRO PICT. | oN WOON ON Nd MN Nea Ole 464 HAS DISirUOM OL Ey ramisetinys.. ec oe AI kt NON NO el ak 464 jeebas tel Utomo re GeMmunar wan: sci.) SNe PE UN RR ea 465 Lee Dismipubion oh D2 palidimagumey 2: 1) 5 SPN PHS oy OU ey 466 ie DAsiElouiOnol F.barbinode. 241) USA eo Gir patna Ly ail 467 HSS tire MORO Pe FEPUATIS AON NV Ha oy Ie ie Goel a eNO My NI ON 468 SNe DIS UUELOIM OL Fe: fASCLC ULLAL ULM ee NiMH TAIN LIL 469 20. Distribution of FP) fascieulatum:reticulacumss. 2.) BO Ee hs 470 Pile MAS UM UOM ON FY MOLLE coe Gk evn es eae et/ RIN PEe k 471 BoM ISTEUOCLOMIOL f+ GOS DENSI: Lek Me eT UG NL OLE ye RUPE CSO 471 Po RADIS TAP UTOM OLE. ArIZONICWIN 2-542 ke eae eo AARNE 472 a PES GE NUTT Oi see ss DELIV os a A ysl oa tes see Ee IT RNR Eee ere 472, 25. Distribution of, P. vaseyanum.. ....0y P2222. 5 MM Co NARS OER, SACU © CUO 473 Dora Distr piuidonol. 2. GLChOLONIOTUM. 2 aware Go. INES) OES ae 473 Pie DISH UGLO MN OfyE . GOTEOWETISE LINEN pseu Seman hd aA) NYE LORE Ne 474 Ute, TEI OTOTUNOLAN GLIA CONN ly eel ay UMD han cence NAN VIVEK aha ca the UA ANC REDE EAC DANE 474 Zor Wisi UtOn Of EGG UateCUan ai 2h! RUBRUM NS DE OK pet GNM i 475 Ore ee ASTECOSUEIID Setar: ees Sa os label hog Loans ean eR RUE NALS GA MG Wear ae 475 31. Distribution of P. sucosum......-- ele EAD VR Se Ne Tp 2 CS0N Bay OUR ER ie 476 Sze Distm butiom.ol P. elephant pes «Wun none nyt 0), WG as Ma Rae ee 476 soe DIST UMA OR OR. NCO PULLATe rte sad Se ale aa 8 cece EY gC) AN CT 477 Sep MIBtEUOUTLON Ob Fe hinttomielen es tun ORS MENS STROM, TORE Mee (eel aati en 477 SAPS EMO TLONGOL E>. DUI PUMOSUNU Hemet hai: Ck sc ets a iS UCR Nee 478 DOM DISO TOR GOL L,.(GECOLORANS. a5 Acai mia We OL REAL A ieee ahs 478 Sie Dinirip ution Of OF: siramineunt oh ei siaer Ole GTN. hays ie Uiis On Cok 478 Bowe DMACTIDUTLON Of. 1. SONORUMYS © . 2 tos) arn aU Sues Jr. USA RM age Uy 479 Prada asirIDMtLOM OL IP MOrGUne sect t's SOMERS NE Se eh ANE NON 479 AP esi otlOn" Ol, 2. Ct CNNENSE a c2 Lane Sos ae noe OS AORN ee ae rae 479 Ale WIS MOH OLOM OL. COPULAntOUdes ht eon a ciara ope laie, See Sie See 480 Aa AS ita OMTEOM Ole. ALi, UST «82 6) on), RN Res Ok ay Le dy ie Ca 480 AAS TMLELOT OL Es ALLL. cen a hate vate ite OG rari era GORE RN aR 481 eee TMU OMyOL en LeDeCUceeies <0 MUPN Sake ON I TURMOIL LE 481 ABMS DULIOM OL £7. Gicesbreghit. 5/2 LYS GIO a NO 482 AGP Misti buiionion bevirsituin.s.-.22 <5). bee a os I 483 A UM AOU Olibe MALINALIM = 12! SOURS OTe PS OE 483 48. Distribution of P. plenum.....- te sre AeA LEY SS A LR ee 484 AO AMISH MELON Ole Es OULDOSUN. 20\s oe EE OGL CR Rae 485 50. Distribution of P. bulbosum sciaphilum.........----- UPR Bley Go vc es 485 Pee sIN MIP UnOMIONE. TENCN a. eo o/s ws PES a SRN ae 486 ee MMIBEELPNIDION OfPE. GOUINU= ce wise wae se ae EMA Aes Fe CU eR tt 487 Vil VIII ILLUSTRATIONS. Page Hic. 53, Distriputionol L. virgo. -soe sees oe. ee eae eee ae ee eee oe ee ee 487 54, istribution-o Pe yigntium eu Den sees eee tenn eae ee eee ee enee 487 DOacl . CONMOMTNOUES 0. a sk eRee Sa tien Sa oan cine ere ee 488 DOs IIStUoMttOMHOL LICR MATT OI cme eee ee ae a 488 aI SACRE aR Oars ES pri Deol r ete tiered WA rte ee RE eae 3 Saber e = 489 585 Distribution-ofF:-cltuny geen ee eee ee ee eee 489 59 Distribution ot PVovardiy. see en a Pee eee ne 489 60s. Distripmiionrol LsaiMarliinienaee— eee =n = eee 489 ols Distributiomolel. teneninan ee se ne ee eee 490 62:-:P: sienodoidess & 12love eae ae oe oe See ee ee Ene 490 63. Distaibutlomioiih stenodotdes ss a ee 491 GASP €avicordese ioc oe eee SN Ls a ie a) aie Fe ee a So 491 65. Distribution of Ps canicondes. =o tee sae 2 ee 491 66) Distribution ot-P. stenodes* 2.52 2=2-. eee eoeee See 492 G7 Distribution ot 2. condenses. 222s eee oes 2 Aas 499 68. Distribution ofeP ong: = sso ee eee eee 493 69> Distribntion of Ps polygonatiun. \25) a ate ee eee 494 TAUB S Rees OUI OHH te arteries eset aes he SEL Rn Se os oe 494 (eaDistbutionoteh; millemonima) .-saeaeeee ses 5 - ee 495 (2. Distribution Of Px piloswmiss= act stele eo Ie Be SAE A ee 495 ete os DOLUUTENISE eo ies cosas chal ures seers eats ee hee ee 496 (Ae Distriputlon Ole OOlLVICHS: ame = See ee eee per ee 496 75 Distribution ol Pacis: Oke 2 oo ie eee ea ee ele een ee eee 497 TIGER SSECURNSTONALING 2S ieee Se ek ace ot as oe oe eee 498 77. Distribution of P. stevensianum....--25.c22.2.-..-.. 222-522 eee 498 (8. Distribution iol Perigo... aks. eer een Oe tee ane 499 792 Distrbution Of sP) Manse. se = era ae eee ee * 499 80 Distrllbutlonvol PC prewnie = eye ese 2 1 ae es eee 49S Si. Distrilution of Px stolonweruniss s22522 a4 tad ee ee eee 500 82) Distribution Of P< /TOndestenS 2-2 ee 2 ee ee 500 S3oeDistribution.ot..P. piulchellunis 25 ae eae ee ees eee 501 S4— Distribution: oi 2: biglandulones2=- sao oe eee 501 85._Distribubloniol 2. vuguitonum «582 see eee eee eee 502 86. Distribunlon ok Po schnitiziten 820 eee ee oe eee 502 Bh Pe SChUy NEN acl oe aoe Aaa Rese eee ee Mee eee ee Se eee 503 88. Distribubiomelie cha finert = 2 ees wee te eee ees ee eee 503 So: Distribution of Ps pariiglume: so seen ae Rees = ee ee ee 504 90: Distribution of Pirichoidess.. == ee er Ce a eee 505 Ol Distribution ioh ie. tichanthiin. << see ees oe ee 506 92; Distribution ot -Pparvijolium. -< 2) aa Se ee ee 507 93. PP eyanescens cic Pe se SO Ce eee eee ae Sere eee ere 507 94) "Distribution, of Pacyanescens. s,s se eee Seen eee 508 Qo2 UP. pyrulaniUny Lise hoe esse ee cee ey eee eee ore es 508 96. Distribution of Pi pyrulonuni. =... 2o5-ce | aoe = 2 ee 508 $7. Distribution of P: haenkeanwm <2) ase 95a) ee ee eee 509 Se Pe PH ene oe eee ree tee oe en eerie See acc 509 99.) Distribution of Ps ineptiiii. so. sos eee er ee 509 100: Distribution of Pe milleqnana:” 5.2) 20. see ees eee - 510 10k: Distributioniol Pe gliutinosuint 9. 6 30 eee eee 510 102" Distributionof Po nidger seater Jed eeeeee 511 103.” Distribution of PY megision... 2.2222. 4 ceen sees eens = ee oe eee 511 104, (Distribution ot P- welapense..<- == ee). =~ ea ee ee eee 513 ILLUSTRATIONS. Ix Page. sean Dasgrioution ofl. pOlyCaulon. .. 6. 2. ed. ceca e eee cscs eeeee we 514 Mees E OU LOMEOL Fe VSEQOStUM oc le 2 oe es coke ek eee 514 LUISE RUM GIOMMOL EY OCICWIGTE Sh) ok. SO So yo ee ain 515 HOS a isetOmi OM Oris ChEYSOUSTOU OUI. 2 2. 8 oe 515 LOOM OI ERROUIOMNOt AT USIFOrMe. 228 ol al oe 515 LORE Disirio union Ole anenicOlotdes is = 2a i aii ena ene 516 DTS ENO UMELOMNO LO DTMETa Mei ea i ess oi ea alc a 516 NL DTG MLLOMe ON CURTIN as 2 Were aN LA hee ise agen aR 516 TSS. ID Niseeietll OURO MAYOR VELOC enn a ian pcuenanns ieatoa ie ata lL) ail 517 TTL. TD Nsy eal oon Nona) CHE. TOMI RONCUION wae wee ea gs eT 517 SONS i rao UTOMLOMWE YW OOKINENSE 25.2 soc oe ee ek Oa 517 Go DIS heUOUGTOMMOlp ee TOANOKCTISCS sins) s-0si oa ts ee ee 518 I7/s, Diisyirell owner Opt IES ore UNL ATO TIO Nt ea Ae ine ye ee 518 TIE, IDisiellouaonn on JE ueO Oa Se ANI ee Se eee ee 518 IGE DIEHmiOIblOMIOl les Wg RhaNUMe. way. Je acts 2 We hone ee 519 TPAD) ID TeSHei eR ovuieaion ay Cont TBR AA HASSE Acs es ch spel are eS Gee ee eel a ee el noe 519 U2. [Dyson Gre JB. oon 6 6 bo pA SSA SE ae ote oe noee ceases 520 DOP Distr ULTOM OMe OL CCEUIUS Aa ei Ge ce See eer eee 520 128. IDNs RANNOCH Js COM ISSOMMie Gee OU SBS Sa Be 521 PPA MOISE RUOUTLOM: Olt PSCUAO PULESCENS =o ce eaies tae te) N. 1 cae eae 521 HD IStrOUTOMOL E:. SPNACrOCON PON a. = sie Mee oe Oe ae ee enemies 521 AD Gee Wie rene ULOTe Ohl: CneCHIfOlULTE vo) wakes a en ies 2 apes Ware Se 522 Hee ist hibiitlonOL Hs aloomanrginatunis iis) 04 swe eee i ae 522 PAs vOisinibmtOn Of is POTlOTICenses. Ge ke se eee UNS Leow pace 523 AOS MED iapribMOnvGh Ls lanccanium tse ee i ae aad 523 TACO): LD Mesp re] OW bien ay, Cones GAH OLaLohAV HII hese ss en Styl aR IS OT Sree a Nie 523 Poe DIS tO OI Oly ln SCOMOIUIT A a sere iin etn ie ane Cmte 4 Deine 524 12). ID resorption ou Ye, Ounce SHAS BOA Le ca a a a a ee 524 Say MOIS ETO ELOMGOR Le FOOTUE Ss eyes celeste Noe a 2 P Mii a Mar Seles samen Ne Ure 524 NASD TS HELO UM LOMUOL es OLOONTACTELLTLITI Emly an Nel nn et) AN rey aller ig 525 FES yee SACO OV CIIS Co ay ere ai aa ge ezE ei eR SENG aw cg) Ra OSSDRE A002 NAR 526 TYRE EEN CO OLA T NA OSTORS cliches eCPM nee es Ma hc lat rere et pe eee Se i 526 SED ISEET bo UbLOT OL CORA OVETISC siete tee ass Seep calbuay his Seep ey aan) 526 ese iieas, CURIE UETISE ie Hci ds clientes ee Mian eed Gt MERE IE CV N. SC y eea y 527 TSOae DASirOUtLOM Ol Ly ChIMgUIeNsea rere hke ere See ee ek Yee ee 527 140. Distribution of P. obtusum......-.- aor ee a mt SOE a 8 528 REED EG GLO ITALD LE ei apc; itera mts so ea Eda SS Mec ctces Sera cies Se eat 528 POWs h a RETOMO i « SLAGNOLILE va ck hee eee we i a ae ye ee 529 HSE NGRONGE.s occ s ol ha aaa rere aia, e es sean MEN ELE Paaeet i le 5 te ara 529 per SILOM Oly Es OVO orale Seccreys oe ak ta ee IN ia 530 145. P. twerckheimii.........: SI Ash ent ey A OP By Heyes ROU aA Rt LIS 530 AAG MAD TSE MLO Olio LILENCKEUITUULE ees ce eens Sis ee 0 eer IS 530 CAVED ISEEI DULLOMLOL yi ZIZaNIOILES ss 2 siisiers So Soe eeia hs Ses se iene 531 Te TE UARLTIDS S1 eR R eee Ora eles eee a te aaa aces orm ANN Re ene 532 WAL IDs sal ouiitonaor yan eee Cae ae oo erate BOR OES ema am ese aeG 532 Wranieinert haw ; F 77 nies 2 SE ley Aad erie eyd ein ad | oy ee test eihtosa tee apets itt TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PANICUM. By A.'S. Hircucock and Aanrs CHaAsE. INTRODUCTION. In a preceding paper‘ our knowledge of the North American species of Panicum was presented in a revision of the genus, based upon mate- rial in the United States National Herbarium. Since the publication of that paper a large amount of additional material from tropical - North America has been accumulated. Mr. Hitchcock visited Mexico in 1910, Central America and Panama in 1911, and Jamaica and Trini- dad in 1912. Mrs. Chase visited Sonora in 1910 and Porto Rico in 1913. The collections of Mr. H. Pittier in Panama, of Brother Leén of the Colegio de la Salle, Habana, in Cuba, and of several other col- lectors in tropical North America, besides specimens from various islands of the West Indies received through Dr. I. Urban, serve to augment the amount of material studied. Asa result of these further studies in the genus the range of nearly all the tropical species described in the revision can be presented in much greater detail. Several South American species hitherto unknown from North America and several new species have been discovered, while a few doubtful species and a few referred to synonymy have by field work and further study been established as valid. While the present paper is supplementary to the revision, ie is designed to be of use for the region covered without Deco cari referring to the main work. For this reason keys are given for all the tropical species, though descriptions are given of additional species only. A study in their native habitat of species before known from herbarium specimens alone, has necessitated in some cases a revision of the description of habit or of duration, or exceptions have been found to characters given as common for groups. Such notes are given without other description and are to be understood as additions to or corrections of the descriptions given in the revision. Following the reference to the original publication of each species is a reference 1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15. 1910. 459 460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, to the description in the revision, if the species is there described. No synonymy is given except such as is additional to that cited in the previous work. The distribution here given is based upon all the material at present in the National Herbarium, including that already cited. As in the earlier paper all specimens cited are in the United States National Herbarium, unless otherwise stated. Specimens from other herbaria are cited when such specimens add to the known range. Through the courtesy of Dr. I. Urban the grasses of the Krug and Urban Herbarium in the Berlin Museum were submitted for study. Many additional specimens are cited from. this herbarium, such specimens being indicated by the abbreviation ‘““K. U. Herb.” The range within the region covered is graphically presented by maps. For the sake of comparison these maps indicate also the distribution in the southern border of the United States of such species as extend into this region. Trinidad and Tobago, though they are continental islands and their flora is essentially South American, are included in the West Indies because they are so included by Grisebach* and by. Urban. In order to connect Panama and Trinidad the detailed distribution includes Venezuela and Colombia. KEY TO SPECIES AND GROUPS. Axis of branchlets produced beyond the base of the uppermost spikelet as a point or pristle J to16 1am lope. 2s so eee ee Subgenus PavRocHAETIUM, p. 463. Axis of branchlets not produced into a bristle. (In P. geminatum and P. paludivagum the somewhat flattened axis pointed but not bristle-form. ) Basal leaves usually distinctly different from those of the culm, forming a winter rosette; culms at first simple, the spikelets of the primary panicle not perfecting seed, later usually becoming much branched, the small second- ary panicles with cleistogamous, fruitful spikelets. Subgenus DicHanTHELIvM, p. 512. Basal leaves similar to culm leaves, not forming a winter rosette; spikelets all fertile. Plants annual. Spikelets plano-gibbous, the second glume swollen, bristly and burlike at maturity; first glume nearly as long as the minute spikelet. 116. P. hirtum. Spikelets not plano-gibbous nor burlike. Panicles consisting of several more or less secund spikelike racemes; fruit transversely rugose; glumes and sterile lemma usually reticulate-yeined << 2-2 e525 ee See Fascicunata, p. 467. Panicles more or less diffuse (small and narrow in P. vaseyanum). Blades ovate-lanceolate or elliptical, one-fifth to one-fourth / as broad as long; plants low; spikelets minute, not over 1.5 mm, long. Spikelets pyriform, attenuate at base, glabrous. oP: pyrularium. Spikelets elliptic, pubescent.......-..-.- 67. P. trichordes, PEL Brit: W. Ind. = 2 Symb. Ant. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 461 Blades linear, many times as long as broad; spikelets 1.7 mm. or more long. First glume not over one-fourth the length of the spikelet, truncate or triangular-tipped. See DicHoromirtora, p. 473. First glume usually as much as half the length of the spike- let, acute or acuminate....... See CAPILLARIA, p. 476. Plants perennial. Spikelets short-pediceled along one side of the panicle branches, forming more or less spikelike racemes. First glume nearly as long as the obtuse spikelets; plants with long wiry stolons: with woolly nodes... . 2202025. 0000 04 111. P. obtusum. First glume much shorter than the spikelet. Spikelets more or less hispid. Sterile lemma glandless; second glume inflated-gibbous. 73. P. ineptum. Sterile lemma bearing a pair of crateriform glands. See STOLONIFERA, p. 500. Spikelets glabrous. Blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; glumes strongly carinate. See STOLONIFERA, p. 500. Blades linear, often elongated; glumes not carinate or but slightly so. Fruit transversely rugose.........------- See GreMINATA, p. 465. Fruit not rugose. Second glume shorter than the spikelet; fertile lemma subin- durate, inrolled only at base, scabrous at the acute apex. 112. P. stagnatile. Second glume as long as the spikelet; fertile lemma indurate, imtolled:to the summit. 4.2.26 2t 2. se ok See Laxa, p. 492. Spikelets in open or sometimes in contracted or congested Horitieles but not in 1-sided spikelike racemes. Brit iratisVersely TUSOSC. eo ot ee eee es See Maxma, p. 483. Fruit not transversely rugose (minutely papillose-roughened in P. millegrana). Culms more or less succulent; plants glabrous or nearly so throughout, aquatic or subaquatic. First glume not over one-fifth the length of the spikelet. See DicHoTOMIFLORA, p. 473. First glume one-third to half the length of the spikelet. Fruit indurate, the margins of the lemma inrolled; culms erect; Pramicle COM TrACted ee os ea 48. P. condensum. Fruit subindurate, the margins of the lemma inrolled only at base; culms decumbent at base; panicles open. Spikelets 1.8 mm. long; second glume shorter than the fruit; : secondary panicle branches secund..... 112. P. stagnatile. Spikelets 2.5 mm. long; second glume exceeding the fruit; panicle branches not secund........ sbtearas 113. P. grande. Culms not succulent. First glume hyaline, inconspicuous; spikelets acuminate; lower blades with long petiole-like bases........ 114. P. tuerckheimin. First glume evident. First glume very small, not over one-fourth the length of the small obovate, blunt, glabrous spikelets. See PaRvicLumIA, p. 502. 462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. First glume usually more than one-third the length of the spikelet, if shorter the spikelets not small and blunt. Sterile palea enlarged and indurate at maturity, expanding the spikelet; blades scarcely wider than their sheaths. See Laxa, p. 492. Sterile palea if present not enlarged and indurate. First glume short, blunt; spikelets pointed; base of culm usually decumbent and rooting. See DicHoTomiIrLorA, p. 473. First glume usually more than one-third the length of the spikelet. Plants forming conspicuous hard creeping scaly rootstocks. See VirGATA, p. 486. Plants not forming creeping scaly rootstocks. Fruit crested at the apex; spikelets 5.5 to 6 mm. long. 115. P. zizanioides. Fruit not crested. Panicles narrow and few-flowered; culms erect and wiry; blades drying involute ..See TenERA, p. 490. Panicles open or contracted, many-flowered. Panicles 40 to 60 cm. long, the numerous elongated branches in verticils. .-......- 77. P. megiston. |: Panicles mostly much less than 40 cm. long; branches not verticillate. Spikelets short-pediceled along the nearly simple panicle branches.........- 48. P. condensum. Spikelets long-pediceled; panicle open at maturity. Primary panicles open, the secondary reduced, narrow, partly inclosed in the sheaths. First glume three-fourths as long as the ellipti- _ cal spikelets; fruit apiculate. See CoRDOVENSIA, p. 525. First glume one-third as long as the pyriform spikelets; fruit not apiculate. 104. P. nodatum. Primary and secondary panicles alike, or the secondary wanting. First glume not pointed, two-thirds the length of the spikelet or more; spikelets blunt. Panicles not over 6 cm. long; plants some- what glaucous, relatively small. See ParviIFro.ia, p. 506. Panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, very diffuse; plants tall, not glaucous. Spikelets viscid, 3 min. long. 75. P. glutinosum. Spikelets not viscid, 2 to 2.3 mm. long. 74. P. millegrana. First glume pointed, usually less than two- thirds as long as the pointed spikelets. Spikelets more or less pubescent. Culms slender, straggling; spikelets not turgid; glumes and sterile lemma hir- sute along the margins. 72. P. haenkeanum. » 0% HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 463 Culms stout, erect or nearly so; spikelets turgid, sparsely hirsute. 76. P. rudgeit. Spikelets glabrous. Culms straggling; spikelets minute. 68. P. trichanthum. ( Culms erect or stiffly ascending; blades linear, usually elongated. Sheaths glabrous; culms 1.5 to 2 meters Laurea yeas 40. P. ichnanthoides. Sheaths hirsute, orif glabrous the culms less than 1 meter high. See Dirrusa, p. 480. ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES. Subgenus PAUROCHAETIUM Hitche. & Chase. Blades less than 10 cm. long, not narrowed toward the base; splcelets 2b0mh, 2-onIM LONG. soos eh ee fe Oe ce 4. P. ramisetum. Blades elongated, usually more than 15 cm. long, narrowed toward the base. First glume rounded or truncate; second glume about as [enya SIs NS a eS Se 3. P. chapmani. First glume acute; second glume about two-thirds as long as fruit. Spikelets 1.5 mm. long; blades involute............... 1. P. distantiflorum. Spikelets/2 mm. long; blades flat... 2... 0...42-+-2426% 2. P. utowanaeum. 1. Panicum distantiflorum A. Rich. Panicum distantiflorum A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 304. 1850; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 23. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Limestone hills at low altitudes, Bahamas to Cuba and Haiti; Curacao. The type specimen from Cuba. : BawHAMAS: Inagua, Hitchcock in RTE ee 1890, Nash & Taylor 893 (both ae Na eee Field Mus. Herb.). tae : Cusa: Playa de Cojimar, Hitchcock 144, Leén 912. Near Habana, Le6n 305 b,567, 2382. Santiago, Leén917. Sillade Cayo, Shafer 2512. Guanoroca, Wright 284. Hanabana, Wright 285. Playa ing de Marianao, Leén in 1909. Fig. 11.—Distribution of P. distantiflorum. Without locality, Wright 3452. Santo Dominao: Naranjo, Fuertes 1284. Los Charcos, Fuertes 1427. Curacao: Britton & Shafer 3088. Bonaire, Suringar in 1885. (K. U. Herb.)} 1 Krug & Urban Herbarium. 464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Panicum utowanaeum Scribn. Panicum utowanaeum Scribn. in Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 25. 1900; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 24. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Open rocky soil, mostly near the coast, Cuba, Porto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Vene- zuela. The type specimen from Porto Rico. Cusa: Triscornia, Hitchcock 141, Tracy 9089. Cayo Guajaba, Shafer 2830. Playa Marianao, Wilson 9497. Eastern Cuba, Wright 3452. Santo Domineo: Azua, Rose, Fitch & Russell 3891. Porto Rico: Guanica, Millspaugh Pl. Utow. 702, Sintenis 3365, 3416, 3463, Chase 6520. Santa Rita, Chase Fra. 12.—Distribution of P. utowanaeum. 6535. Laguna Guanica, Chase 6533. Mona, Hess 431, 455, 457. LEEWARD IsLANDs: Guadeloupe, Duss 3177. VENEZUELA: Near Puerto Caballo, Pittier 6434. 3. Panicum chapmani Vasey. Panicum chapmani Vasey, Bull. Tor- rey Club 11: 61. 1884; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 24. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Coral sand and shell mounds, south- ern Florida and the Bahamas. The type specimen from Florida. BaHAmAS: New Providence, Brit- ton & Bracé 401. Rose Is- land, Britton & Millspaugh 2137. Great Exuma, Britton & Millspaugh- 3076. (All in Field Mus. Herb.) Fig. 13.—Distribution of P. chapmani. 4, Panicum ramisetum Scribn. Panicum ramisetum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 9. 1900; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 25. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy plains and prairies, southern Texas and northern Mexico. The type specimen from Texas. Coanuma: Near Diaz,! Pringle 8323. Fig. 14.—Distribution of P. ramisetum. 1 The ‘‘ Guia Postal de la Reptiblica Mexicana’’ has been followed in the accent- ing of Mexican geographical names. , 3 2 , A at fa 4 py. AA AK ' Uf R41 4 [_} -, AAR htrrVvi. | vy WIA Ate wt Sr aA A | AW.’ i eke | ae Ui park ~~ HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 465 TRUE PANICUM. GEMINATA. Medes" bearded ene sree ae seer an eee aris cette cee ete 7. P. barbinode. Nodes glabrous. Spikelets 3 mm. long; glumes and sterile lemma papery..... 6. P. paludivagum. Spikelets not over 2.4 mm. long; glumes and sterile lemma TG b PACE. aes © w)eleiaie in etainleinraie lalate tlm tea wre iniainie Sioa <= = === 5. P. geminatum. 5. Panicum geminatum Forsk. Panicum geminatum Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 18. 1775; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 30. 1910. This species is described by Presl ! under the name Panicum brizoides L. (as well as under P. brizaeforme Presl). The Haenke specimen from Mexico is in the herb- arium of the National Museum at Prague. DISTRIBUTION. Moist ground, ditches and swamps, mostly near the coast, tropical regions of both hemispheres, in America extending north into southern Florida and Texas. Origi- nally described from Rosetta, Egypt. Lower Cauirornis: El Taste, Brandegce in 1893. San José del Cabo, Brandegee 14, 36. Sonora: Yaqui River, Palmer 15 in 1869. Guaymas, Palmer 690 in 1887. Sierra de Alamos, Rose, Standley & Russell 12996. Srvatoa: Mazatlin, Rose, Standley & Russell 14109. Tamautipas: Tampico, Hitchcock 5796, Palmer 259 in 1910. Cotmma: Manzanillo, Hitchcock 7032. Veracruz: Veracruz, Hitchcock 6586. Gurrrero: Acapulco, Palmer 289 in 1894. YucatdAn: Izamal, Gaumer 1027. GUATEMALA: San José, Kellerman 6250. Satvapor: Lake Ilopango, Hitch- cock 8920. Costa Rica: Bebedero, Jiménez 734. Panama: Corozal, Pittier 2168, 2170. Pedro Miguel, Hitch- cock 7956, Pittier 2509. Em- pire, Pittier 3714. Gatun, Fig. 15.—Distribution of P. geminatum. Hitchcock 7980. Banamas: Nassau, Curtiss 175. Fortune Island, Eggers 3992 (K. U. Herb.). Cusa: Habana, Leon 769, 918. Corrientes Bay, Britton & Cowell 9931. Santiagc de las Vegas, Hitchcock 143. Guanabacoa, Leédn 920. Guantinamo, Britton 2281. Sancti Spiritus, Sergius 2789. Batabané, Hitchcock 142. Handbana, Wright 761. Palma Sola, Wright in 1860. Jamaica: Gordon Town, Haré 806. Ferry River, Harris 11352. Appleton, Hitchcock 9653. Palisadoes near Kingston, Hitchcock 9752. Black River, Hitchcock 9579. Savanna-la-Mar, Hitchcock 9877. 1 Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 302. 1830. 82472°—15——2 466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Harti: La Coupe, Buch 975. Port-au-Prince, Picarda 1430. (Both in K. U. Herb.) Porto Rico: Guanica, Chase 6527, 6531, Sintenis 3367. Mayaguez, Chase 6288, 6318. Boqueron, Chase 6511. Coamo Springs, Chase 6552. DanisH West Inpies: St. Croix, Ricksecker 212. St. Thomas, Eggers in 1882. LreEwarp Isianps: Antigua, Wullschlaegel 614. Guadeloupe, Duss 2690, 3584, L’ Herminier. WINDWARD IsLanps: Martinique, Duss 1293. TRINIDAD: Icacos, Hitchcock 10158. Curacao: Aruba, Suringar in 1885. VENEZUELA: Paparo, Pittier 6347. Cotompia: Santa Marta, Smith 151. 6. Panicum paludivagum Hitche. & Chase. Panicum paludivagum Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 32. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Fresh-water lakes and rivers, the base submerged, Florida and Texas, Mexico, Central America to Uru- guay. The type specimen from Flor- ida. JaLisco: Guadalajara, Palmer 429 in 1886, Hitchcock 7294. Fic. 16.—Distribution of P. paludivagum. Orozco, Hitchcock 7374. Micwoackn: Lake P&tzcuaro, Pringle 3336. Zamora Valley, Pringle 9556. Morelia, Arséne in 1909. GUATEMALA: Amatitl4n, Kellerman 6253, 6254, Pittier 101, Tiirckheim 8790. 7. Panicum barbinode Trin. Panicum barbinode Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sei. pet 1: 256. 1834; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 33. 1910. Commercially known as ‘‘ Pard4 grass’’; called ‘‘malajilla” in Porto Rico. DISTRIBUTION. Cultivated and waste ground, especially in moist places, tropical America, extend- ing into southern Florida and Texas; introduced in the warmer parts of the Old World. The type specimen from Bahia, Brazil. Lower CALIFORNIA: San José del Cabo, Brandegee 46. La Paz, Palmer 131 in 1890. Coutmma: Paso del Rio, Emrick 8. Manzanilla, Palmer 1078. Mexico: Cuantla, Holway 3045. Veracruz: Veracruz, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 4.1 Oaxaca: Tomellin, Hitchcock 6227. Yucatan: Mérida, Collins 27. GuATEMALA: Mazatenango, Maxon & Hay 3476. Cubilquitz, Tiirckheim 7799, 8617. Escuintla, Hitchcock 9007. Satvapor: Without locality, Renson 214. Nicaragua: Jinotepe, Hitchcock 8701. Chinandega, Baker 2053. Costa Rica: Térraba, Pittier 412, 4090. Rio Tuis, Tonduz 11393. Puntarenas, Hitchcock 8545. Taboga, Guanacaste, Jiménez 722. Turrialba, Tonduz 8401. 1 American Grasses, exsiccate distributed from the U. 8. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 467 Panam: El Boquete, Hitchcock 8266. Gatun Lake, Ptttier 2559, Hitchcock 80314. Pedro Miguel, Hitchcock 7931. Chepo, Ptitier 4734. Culebra, Pittier 4807. Banamas: Nassau, Curtiss 115. Cusa: Near Habana, Leén 568. Camaguey, Shafer 2881. Romelie, Eggers 4870. Cienfuegos, Pringle 26. Almendares River, Leén 283. Without locality, Wright 1545. Jamaica: Hope Gardens, Harris 11254, 10930. Mount Hybla, Harris 11565. Newcastle, Hitchcock 9339. Black River, Hitchcock 9580. Montego Bay, Eitchcock 9693. Porto Rico: Bayamon, Hioram 360, Millspaugh 324, Heller 100. 61. Panicum pulchellum Raddi. Panicum pulchellum Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 42. 1823; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15 123. 1910. Hymenachne leptostachya Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 36.1886. Based on Panicum leptosta- chyum Presl. DISTRIBUTION. Moist shady places, southern Mexico and the Windward Islands to Brazil. The type specimen from Rio de Janeiro. Veracruz: Cordoba, Hitchcock 6444, Bourgeau 1455. Minatitlan, Smith 589. British Honpuras: Manatee Lagoon, Peck 279 (Gray Herb.). GuATEMALA: Cuhilquitz, Tiirckheim 7702, 8794. Secanquim, Cook & Griggs 284, Maxon & Hay 3153. El Palmar, Kellerman 6246. Costa Rica: San Francisco, Jimé- nez 162. San Mateo, Biolley 7001. Desamparados, Tonduz 1482. Boruca, Tonduz 4459, 4460. El General, Pvttier 3362. Piedra del Convento, Pittier 3656. Cafias Gordas, Pittier 7360. Buenos Aires, Tonduz 4881. Panama: Between Panama and Corozal, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 63. Culebra, Pittier 2226. Cerro Vaca, Pittier 5375. Winpwarp Istanps: Martinique, Duss 767 (K. U. Herb.). VENEZUELA: Cardenas, Pittier 5975. CotomeBiA: Santa Marta, Smith 2127. Fig. 83.—Distribution of P. pulchellum. 62. Panicum biglandulare Scribn. & Smith. Panicum ee a he Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 18. pl. 4.1897; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 123. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Among bushes, southern Mexico and Guatemala. The type specimen from Chiapas. CurApas: Pinabete, Nelson 3781. GUATEMALA: Coban, Tiirckheim Fia. 84.—Distribution of P. biglandulare. II. 1342, II. 1956. 502 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM PARVIGLUMIA. PUNE PUA TOUS Se sree setae ins oe Reticence aa ae 66. P. parviglume. Fruit with scattered appressed silky hairs. Culms creeping, with ascending flowering branches, not over 0:5 meter high: blades faleatesc (2 eo: ee oe 64. P. schmitzi. Culms clambering, usually 1 to 3 Hee long; blades not falcate. Panicles 2.5 to 7 cm. long; blades not over 1 cm. wide, SyIMMeiieal Ab bases ttc o/b sees as oe oie 63. P. virgultorum. Panicles 10 to 15 cm. long; blades 1.2 to 2.5 em. wide, unsymmetrical at base.....-.-.-.-...- SES eas ieee 65. P. schiffnert. 374 ef ee we J p- 63. Panicum (virgultorum Hack. lrtes; Tee fee Panicum virgultorum Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 369.1901; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 125. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Hedge rows, brushy banks, and cultivated fields, southern Mexico to Panama. ‘The type specimen from Costa Rica. Veracruz: Jalapa, Hitchcock 6630. Cordoba, Hitchcock 6441. Ori- zaba, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 64. Shoko AY GUATEMALA: Guatemala City, Hitch- Sue eee: yp esa cock 9074. Chacula, Seler 2708. Coban, Tiirckheim 3788. Costa Rica: San José, Hitchcock 8490. Alajuelita, Tonduz 8818, 8829. Tres Rios, Pittier & Tonduz 4326. San Francisco, Rio Térres, Jiménez 49. San Juan, Jiménez Fig. 85.—Distribution of P. virgultorum. 919. PanamMA: El] Boquete, Hitchcock oe ae eee blen. Cwatt; Woatberwaxl68F ie : 64. Panicum Gat. Hack. Panicum schmitzii Hack. Ann. Naturhist. Hofm. Wien 17: 254. 1902; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 125. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Shaded rocky slopes, central and southern Mexico. The type specimen from Mexico. San Luis Potosi: Las Canoas, Pringle 3817. Veracruz: Cérdoba, Hitchcock 6423, 6446. Orizaba, Amer. i Gr. Nat. Herb. 65. Fig. 86.—Distribution of P. schmitzii. 65. Panicum schiffneri Hack. Panicum schiffnert Hack. Ergeb. Bot. Exped. Akad. Wiss. Siidbras. 11. 1906; Denk- schr. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien 79: 72. 1908. The type specimen, in Hackel’s herbar- ium, was collected in southern Brazil by Wettstein and Schiffner in 1901. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 503 DESCRIPTION. Plants perennial with long branching decumbent base, rooting at the nodes; culms strageling, ascending, 2 to 3 meters long, slender, more or less compressed, smooth or hirsute or Heaohened below the nodes, producing long divaricate branches; sheaths papillose-hispid especially toward the summit, sometimes glabrate below, densely pubescent at the junction with the blade; ligule membranaceous-ciliate, about 0.5 mm. long; blades flat, rather firm, usually horizontally spreading, 10 to 15 cm. long, 1.2 to 2.5 cm. wide (rarely aay narrowed to the usually unsymmetrical base, eradually tapering from below the middle to an acumi- nate apex, scabrous and sometimes sparsely hispid on the upper surface, pubescent above the ligule, scab- erulous or puberulent beneath or sometimes sparsely hispid, especially along the midnerve, the fine white margin undulate, scabrous; panicle 10 to 15 cm. long, usually about as wide, the few slender scabrous branches remote, pilose in the axils, the lower branches solitary or in pairs, widely spreading or reflexed, more than half as long as the very scabrous main axis, naked at the base, the upper branches much shorter, ascending, the rather densely flowered short branchlets appressed along the upper half or two-thirds of the branches, the bract at the base of inflorescence usually well developed; spikelets short-pediceled, aggre- _ gated, scarcely 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, turgid, glabrous; first glume less than one- fourth as long as the spikelet; second glume and sterile Jemma equal, exceeding the fruit, obscurely nerved; fruit about 1.5 mm. long, 0. . mm. wide, elliptical, sparsely covered with long appressed silky hairs. This species resembles Panicum parviglume in habit and P. schmitzii and P. virgul- forum in spikelet characters. It has longer, more straggling culms than has any other species of this group, and larger blades than any except P. parviglume. Fie. 87. — P. schiffneri. From type specimen. DISTRIBUTION. Wet shady banks and slopes, Porto Rico, Windward Islands, and southern Mexico to southern Brazil. Veracruz: Cordoba, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 66, distributed as P. par- viglume. GUATEMALA: Coban, Turckheim II. 1326. Costa Rica: San Francisco de Guadalupe, Jiménez in 1910. Panama: El Boquete, Hitchcock 8278, 8305. Porto Rico: Maricao, Chase 6198. Indiera Fria, Chase 6247. Vi- Fig. 88.—Distribution of P. schiffneri. cinity of Cayey, Chase 6745. Alto de Bandera, Chase 6474. Winpwarp Istanps: Martinique, Hahn 616. St. Vincent, Hggers 6653, Smith & Smith 1099 (K. U. Herb.). 66. Panicum parviglume Hack. Panicum parviglume Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 429. 1901; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 126. 1910. Panicum conchatum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 25. 1886. This was previously included among the doubtful species.‘ A few spikelets from Schaffner’s no. 204 (the type 1Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 329. 1910. 504 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. collection) in the Berlin Herbarium are in the National Herbarium. A restudy of these together with later collections show that they are referable to P. parviglume. Fournier’s description is vague and inadequate and appears to have been based on | more than one species, the vegetative characters as described being unlike those of any species in this group. Because of this uncertainty the name P. conchatum is not taken up to replace P. parviglume. Panicum arundinariae Trin.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 25.1886. This name is also included among the doubtful species.’ Miiller’s no. 2018, one of the specimens cited by Fournier, is P. parviglume, while another, Schaffner 279, also cited, is Panicum vir- gultorum. As in the preceding case, the description is inadequate, for which reason the name P. arundinariae is not taken up. DISTRIBUTION. Banks and ditches, southern Mexico to Costa Rica. The type specimen from San José, Costa Rica. Veracruz: Orizaba, Bourgeau 3197, Miller 2018. Borrego, Botteri 150, 152. Costa Rica: Alajuelita, Jiménez Fic. 89.—Distribution of P. parviglume. 403. San Francisco de Guadalupe, Tonduz & Pittier 8448, Jiménez 113. San José, Hitchcock 8487. TRICHOIDIA. One of the two species of this group, Panicum trichanthum, is found to be a perennial. Blades more than one-fourth as wide as long; spikelets pubes- cent: plants annual: . <-o 2. so scan isos aes ees 67. P. trichoides. Blades less than one-eighth as wide as long; spikelets minutely bullate-rugose; plants perennial...............-.------- 68. P. trichanthum. 67. Panicum trichoides Swartz. Panicum trichoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 129. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Damp shady places, often a weed in fields and groves, tropical America. The type specimen from Jamaica. SrnaLoa: Imala, Palmer 1758 in 1891. Terric: Maria Madre Islands, Nelson 4257. JALisco: Guadalajara, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 70, Pringle 2618, 3828. Couma: Manzanillo, Palmer 1083 in 1890. Colima, Oreuté 4515. Alzada, Hitch- cock 7110. MicHoacdn: La Correa, Langlassé 380. Hacienda Coahuayula, Emrick 53. Veracruz: Zacuapan, Purpus 2902. Minatitlan, Smith 601. Cdérdoba, Finck in 1893. Sanborn, Orcutt 3241. GuERRERO: Acapulco, Palmer 287 in 1894. Oaxaca: Guatulco, Liebmann 317. Tasasco: Mayito, Rovirosa 434. San Juan Bautista, Rovirosa 598. YucatAn: Izamal, Gaumer 522. San Anselmo, Gaumer 895, 2027. 1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 329. 1910. Ni HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUIng, 505 British HonpurAs: Manatee Lagoon, Peck 314. Toledo, Peck 637 (both in Givay Herb.). * GuaATEMALA: El Palmar, Kellerman 6263. Santa Rosa, Heyde & Lux 4299. Cubil- quitz, Tiirckheim 7801. Morales, Deam 6041. Rinconcito, Heyde & Lux 4299. Honpuras: Amapala, Hitchcock 8768. Puerto Sierra, Wilson 89, 188. SaLvapDor: Sonsonate, Hitchcock 8981. San Salvador, Velasco 10.. La Union, Hitchcock 8791. Nicaracua: Jinotepe, Hitchcock 8693. SanJuan del Sur, Hitchcock 8604. Masaya, FTitchcock 8631. Costa Rica: Hacienda de Zent, Tonduz 363, Pittier in 1904. Atenas, Hitchcock 8521. Puntarenas, Hitchcock 8555. Alajuela, Jiménez 145. San José, Tonduz 3133. Buenos Aires, Tonduz 4865, Pittier 3651. Matina, Pittier 9754. Nicoya, Cooper 10379, Tonduz 13754. Boruca, Pittier 4458. Hacienda de Chirrip6, Pittier 16081. Carrillo, Biolley 3111. Panama: Culebra, Hitchcock 7933, 8022. Alajuela, Piétier 2352. Puerto Obaldia, Pitiier 4284. Below Chepo, Pittier 4696. Culebra, Pittier 2083. Tabernilla, Mitchcock 8384. Taboga Island, Celes- tine 84. Cupa: Habana, Leén in 1910, Curtiss 714. Monte Verde, Wright 1538. Sancti Spiritus, Leén 4105. JAMAICA: Ramble, Hitchcock 9475. Cedar Hurst, Harris 11566. Castleton, Harris 11299, 11328. Fig. 90.—Distribution of P. trichoides. Kingston, Hitchcock 9281. Port Antonio, Fredholm 3282. Gordon Town, Michcock 9332. Porto Rico: Maricao, Chase 6191. Vega Baja, Chase 6417. Mayaguez, Chase 6167, Sintenis 160, Cowell 522, 583. Ponce, Heller 6094. Luquillo Moun- tains, Wilson 283. Martin Pefia, Heller 387. Between Aibonito and Cayey, Heller 531. Mount Morales, Britton & Cowell 444. Santurce, Heller Rio Piedras, Barrett 61. BY (e LrEewarp Istanps: St. Kitts, Britton & Cowell 295. Guadeloupe, Duss 2681. Dominica, Eggers in 1881. Montserrat, Shafer 337,706. Saba, Suringar in 1885, Boldingh 2122 (K. U. Herb.). Winpwarp Istanps: Martinique, Hahn 1047, Duss 1321. Grenada, Broadway in 1905, Eggers 5987. St. Vincent, Smith & Smith 185 (K. U. Herb.). Trinipap: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9946. VENEZUELA: Above Paparo, Pittier 6494. Tovar, Fendler 2499. Cotomsta: Santa Marta, Smith 167. Sevilla, Pittier 1621. Cali, Pittier 971. 68. Panicum trichanthum Nees. Panicum trichanthum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 210. 1829; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 1910. The habit of this species as studied in the field indicates that it is a perennial. 151. The culms are long and straggling with rootlets at the nodes and form a tangled mass among shrubs or vines. # Sh NY 506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DISTRIBUTION. Moist thickets and river banks, Mexico, and the West Indies to Paraguay. The type specimen from Mexico. Sawn Luis Porost: San Luis Potosi to Tampico, Palmer 1151 in 1879. Cotma: Palmer 1257 in 1891. Veracruz: Motzorongo, Smith 585. Veracruz, Hitchcock 6584. Jicaltepec, Lieb- mann 320. Colipa, Liebmann 432. Without locality, Miiller 2172. CampecHe: Near Champotén, Collins 37. British Honpuras: Toledo, Peck 775 (Gray Herb.). GuaTEMALA: Gualan, Deam 424, Puerto Barrios, Hitchcock 9149. Morales, Kellerman 6272. Finca Trece Aguas, Lewton 377. Cubil- quitz, Tiirckheim 7798. Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 5587. NicaRaGua: Jinotepe, Hitcheoct: 8669, 8682. Costa Rica: Port Limon, Hitch- cock 8434. Talamanca, Tonduz 8600, 8670. Panama: Laguna deChiriqui, Hart 87. Culebra, Hitchcock 7895. Frijoles, Maxon 4703. Panama, Hitchcock 9212. Tabernilla, Pittier 3824, Mitchcock 8383. Gamboa, Ptitier 4798. Balboa, Hitchcock 8015. Cupa: Trinidad, Wright 753. Vento, Curtiss 598, Leén 557. Romelie, Eggers 5350. Jamatca: Port Antonio, Hitchcock in 1890. Porto Rico: Cayey, Sintenis 2471, Chase 6748. Pefiuelas, Chase 6487. Rio Pie- dras, Johnston 143. TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9943. Cedros, Hitchcock 10146. VENEZUELA: Tovar, Fendler 1443. Cotomsta: Santa Marta, Smith 2151. Fig. 91.—Distribution of P. trichanthum. PARVIFOLIA. Perennials, usually glaucous; culms more or less decumbent; panicles small, diffuse, the spikelets small, turgid or subglobose, glabrous, the first glume more than half the length of the spikelet. Culms very siender, decumbent or creeping; blades 1 to 3 cm. MOTI ie fee Ws Seen kt Sa ieee Aes | ene es ee ge er 69. P. parvifolium. Culms firm, erect or decumbent at base only; blades 3 to 8 cm. ROM Ge etal gu pe pa 25 lay REA ts 7a Se A Ee ee a 70. P. cyanescens. 69. Panicum parvifolium Lam. Panicum parvifolium Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173. 1791; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 134. 1910. The blades in this species vary in shape from oblong or ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, in surface from glabrous to densely appressed-hirsute, and in texture from thin to firm. One form, in aspect approaching P. cyanescens, has firm pubescent erect blades, as much as 5 mm. wide and 4.5 cm. long. Thisis represented by Broadway 2372 in part and Hitchcock 10065, both from Trinidad. Panicum brasiliense Spreng. is a pubescent form with oblong-lanceolate moderately firm blades. It does not appear possible to recognize this form as a distinct species. . HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 507 DISTRIBUTION. Wet savannas and margins of ponds and streams, Costa Rica and the West Indies to Paraguay. The type specimen from tropical America. Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Tonduz 3631, 3659, Pittier 10594. Cupa: Los Almacigos, Wright 3458. Herradura, Baker 2078, Tracy 9060, 9079, Hitchcock 181, Britton, Earle & Gager 6494. Pinar del Rio, Britton & Gager 7075. Guane, Shafer 10659. Laguna Los Indios, Shafer 10803. Porto Rico: Lake Loisa, Chase 6786. Campo Alegre, Chase 6615, 6788. Aguada, Sintenis 5719. Guainabo, Chase 6630. gh Catafio, Sintenis 5719. Mar- Fig. 92.—Distribution of P. parvifolium. tin Pefia, Chase 6358. Trujillo Alto, Chase 6763. Vega Baja, Chase 6796, Heller 1316. TrinipaD: Cumuto Station, Hitchcock 10065, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 72. Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 10100. Arima, Broadway 2372. Without locality, Crueger, 224. Ao. f PRP hel Rg ke NAA, ‘70. Panicum cyanescens Nees. Panicum cyanescens Nees} Agrost. Bras. 220. 1829. “‘ Habitat in Brasilia meridional (Sellow).” The type is in the Berlin Herbarium. Panicum firmifolium Trin.; Nees, loc. cit. A herbarium name giver as a synonym of P. cyanescens. DESCRIPTION. Plants perennial, bluish or glaucous; culms tuféed, erect or with a decumbent base rooting at the nodes, slender, smooth, leafy, 30 to 50 cm. high, branching from the mid- dle and upper nodes; sheaths striate, glabrous, rarely ciliate on the overlapping margin; ligule minute, membranaceous, sparsely ciliate with long hairs or sometimes naked; blades flat, rather firm, erect, spreading or reflexed, 3 to 8 cm. long, 4 to 5 ram. wide, oblong-lanceolate, slightly narrowed to the base, acute, glabrous; panicles short-exserted, terminal and often from the upper sheaths, 3 to 6 cm. long, as wide or wider, open, the slender flexuous branches rather remote, stiffly ascend- ing or spreading, naked below, branching and spikelet- bearing toward the ends, the spikelets on slender divaricate pedicels; spikelets about 1.5 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, turgid or subglobose, obtuse, glabrous; first glume two-thirds to three-fourthsas long as the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equal, covering the fruit, or at maturity the glume wrinkled because of the turgidity of the fruit, exposing the summit; fruit 1.2 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, very turgid, subacute, the lemma and palea cellular-roughened as seen under a lens, bearing a few very obscure appressed hairs toward the summit. This species resembles P. parvifolium, but differs in the less slender, more erect culms, longer blades, and stiffly ascending panicle branches, naked below. Fia. 93.—P. cyanescens. From type specimen. 508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DISTRIBUTION. Swamps and wet savannas, British Honduras and Trinidad to Brazil. British Honpuras: Manatee La- goon, Peck 271 (Gray Herb.). TRINIDAD: PiarcoSavanna, Hitch- cock 10349, 10354, 10364. Cu- muto Station, Hitchcock 10067. Aripo Savanna, Broadway Fig. 94.—Distribution of P. cyanescens. 2377 UNGROUPED SPECIES OF TRUE PANICUM. 71. Panicum pyrularium sp. nov. Plants annual; culms delicate, 10 to 13 cm. high, at first erect and simple, finally decumbent and branching, often rooting at the nodes, more or less zigzag, sometimes elongating to 25 or 30 cm.; nodes sparsely pilose or glabrous; sheaths shorter than the blades, glabrous or spores pilose; ligule membranaceous, about 0.5 mm. long; blades thin, flat, spreading, 1 to 3 cm. long, 2 to 7 mm. wide (the lower sometimes smaller), narrowly elliptical, somewhat clasping at base, obtuse or acutish at the apex, scabrous on the margins, glabrous or sparsely pilose on both surfaces, sometimes glaucous; panicles terminating the culm and branches, loose and open, 2 to 5 cm. long, about as wide, oval or pyramidal in outline, the delicate flexuous branches and branchlets spreading or reflexed, smooth, the capillary divaricate pedicels several times longer than the spikelets; spikelets 1.5 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, turgid, pyriform, long-attenuate at base, glabrous; first glume about half as long as the spikelet, acute; second glume and sterile lemma 5-nerved, not exceeding the fruit, the glume slightly shorter than the sterile FI: %—P- pyru- lemma; fruit 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, turgid. oe aoe Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 715639, collected between Hato del Jobo and Cerro Vaca, eastern Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 700 to 1,000 meters, December 25 to 28, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 5416). Panicum pyrularium, one of the smallest and most delicate species in the genus, is not related to any North American species. The South American Panicum polycomum Trin. is an allied species of more tufted habit, with much narrower blades, smaller panicles, and smaller pubescent spikelets not attenuate at base. None of the labels with the specimens cited below indicates the habitat. DISTRIBUTION. Panama to Venezuela. Panama: Between Hato del Jobo and Cerro Vaca, Chiriquf, Pittier 5416. - /Wexezorta: Tovar, Fendler 2502. / Corompra: Santa Marta, Smith — 2570. Without locality, Tiv- ana 281 (28117). Fic. 96.—Distribution of P. pyrularium. a a wt HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 509 72. Panicum haenkeanum Presl. Panicum haenkeanum Presl, Rel. Haenk..1: 304. 1830. ‘‘Hab. in Mexico.’”’ The _ type specimen is in the herbarium of the National Museum at Prague. The only datum on the label is the word ‘‘Mexico.”’ Panicum costaricense Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 51: 428. 1901; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 134. 1910. For discussion of Panicum expansum Fourn., mentioned in the Revision under P. ~ costaricense, see page 525 under P. cordovensce. ~ Field study of this species shows that it is a perennial with straggling culms as much as 2 meters long, often rooting at the lower nodes. DISTRIBUTION. Moist wooded or grassy banks and slopes, Mexico to Panama. Costa Rica: Térraba, Tonduz 3628, 3636, 3673. Boruca, Pittier 4626. Cordoncillal, Pittier 3640. Buenos Aires, Tonduz 3687, 4860, Prtiier 3661. Panama: Culebra, Hitchcock 9168. Between Corozal and Ancon, Pittier 2169, 2636. San Felix, Pittier 5247. Between Panama and Corozal, Hitchcock 9206. oe 6. . Peltier ILO VW, Vo ct, 4 cea ili 73. Panicum ineptum sp. nov. é VV 4 DESCRIPTION. Fig. 97.—Distribution of P. haenkeanum. Plants perennial (?); culms slender, apparently ascending, probably 50 cm. or more long, slender, striate-fluted, glabrous or the upper internodes sparsely pilose, producing nearly simple branches as much as 25 cm. long; nodes retrorsely pubescent; sheaths loose, shorter than the internodes, pilose, the margins densely ciliate; ligule ciliate, about 0.5 mm. long; blades spreading, flat, 3 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, tapering from the truncate base to an acumi- I y nate apex, softly pilose on both surfaces; panicles AN Ng SWZ terminal, those of the branches short-exserted, 3 to x 5 cm. long, consisting of few to several short spread- ing densely flowered branches, remote along the slender pilose axis, the branches 4 to 6 mm. long, bearing 1 to 8 subsessile spikelets, the rachis pilose; spikelets 2.5 to 2.7 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, blunt; first glume about half as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved, obtuse, pubescent; second glume and f sterile lemma equal, inflated, much larger than the fruit, the glume gibbous. in the middle, 7-nerved, pubescent, the sterile lemma 3-nerved, glabrous, inclosing a membranaceous palea; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, elliptical, smooth and shining, the lemma strongly convex. Type in the herbarium of Krug & Urban in the Berlin Botanical Mu- seum, the ticket reading ‘‘817 Panicum———S. Domingo, Bertero. Hb. Spr.’”’ Aslipin Sprengel’s hand bearsthe name ‘‘ Panicum nemorosum Sw.’’ [Ichnanthus nemorosus]. eee, ity Ce Fig. 98.—P. ineptum. From type specimen. Fie. 99.—Distribution of P. ineptum. 510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The type specimen, consists of a culm with four internodes, the base and summit wanting, bearing two flowering branches. No other collection of the species is known. It appears to be related to Panicum venesuelae Hack., from which it differs in the smaller panicle and in the smaller and pubescent instead of bristly hispid spikelets. 74. Panicum millegrana Poir. Panicum millegrana Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 278. 1816; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15 : 135. 1910. Panicum patentissimum Desv.; Poir.in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 283.1816. “Cette plante créit 4 Saint-Dominique & 4 la Nouvelle-Espagne.’’ The type from the her- barium of Desvaux in the Paris Herbarium is a fragmentary specimen consisting of a panicle with immature glabrous spikelets together with a few broken leaves. DISTRIBUTION. Damp woods and shady banks, Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay. The type specimen from tropical America, probably from Cayenne. Veracruz: Cordoba, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 73. Jalapa, Hitchcock 6605, Holway 3083. Mirador, Liebmann 275. Oaxaca: Without locality, Galeotti 5728. . Cuiapas: Santa Rosa, Heyde & Luz 3927. GUATEMALA: Cubilquitz, Tiirck- heim 8783, 8784. Coban, Tiirck- heim 657. Guatemala City, Hitchcock 9056. Costa Rica: El General, Pittier 10615. Panama: El Boquete,, Hitchcock 8299. Fie. 100.—Disiribution of P. millegrana. CUBA: Herradura, Hitchcock 180, Tracy 9098. La Catalina, Wright 3455. Pinar del Rio, Wright 3855. Sumidero, Shafer 13562. Sierra de Cabra, Britton & Gager 7201. TrinmpaD: Pitch Lake, Hitchcock 10087. Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9979. VENEZUELA: Tovar, Fendler 1641. Cotomsia: Santa Marta, Smith 168, 2146. 75. Panicum glutinosum. Swartz. Panicum glutinosum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 138. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Mountain woods, throughout tropi- cal America. The type specimen from Jamaica. Veracruz: Mirador, Liebmann 428, Ross 701. Orizaba, Bourgeau 3192, Botterr. Jalapa, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 74. Zacuapan, Purpus 2156, 2903, Fic. 101.—Distribution of P. gluiinosum. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 511 . Cuararas: Turubula, Nelson 3357. Costa Rica: Helechales del General, Pittier 12002. Cafias Gordas, Pittier 11017. Cabagra, Tonduz 6547. Rio Birris, Pitiier 3118. Cugpa: Loma Pelada, Wright 757. La Perla, Leén 3790. Banao Hills, Leén 3998. Gran Piedra, Shafer 9014. Without locality, Linden 2143. Jamaica: Gordon Town, Hart 792, Hitchcock $321. Troy, Maron 2816, Hitchcock 9785. Abbey Green, Hitchcock 9370. Cinchona, Hitchcock 9708, Harris 11264, 11440, 11508. Ewarton, Hitchcock 9451. Ipswich, Hitchcock 9627. Newport, Britton 3193. Road to Salt Hill, Harris 11395. Without locality, Wullschlaegel 1163. Hartt: Kenskoff, Buch 956. Santo Domineo: Picarda 620 (K. U. Herb.). Porto Rico: Sierra de Yabucoa, Sinfenis 2609, Mayaguez, Sintenis 357. Alto de Bandera, Chase 6469. Maricao, Chase 6199, 6250. VENEZUELA: Caracas, Pitter 5910. 76. Panicum rudgei Roem. & Schult.! Panicum rudgei Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 444. 1817; Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 15: 139. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Savannas, Jamaica and British Hon- duras to Brazil. The type specimen from British Guiana. British Honpuras: Monkey River, Peck 588 (Gray Herb.). Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Pit- tier 10576, Tonduz 3679, 4875. EG. 102.—Distribution of P. rudgei. Los Palmares, Pittier 10588. Helechales del General, Pittier 12064. Jamaica: Bunkers Hill Savanna, Harris 11170. TrinipaD: Pitch Lake, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 75. St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10181. Without locality, Crueger. a © hide Panicum{ megiston Schult. Panicum megiston Schult. Mant. 2: 248. 1824: Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 15: 141. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Swamps, Mexico and Cuba to Para- guay. The type specimen from Brit- ish Guiana. Tapasco: San Juan Bautista, Ro- ViITOsa 532. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Jiménez 727. PanaMA: Empire, Pittier 3726. Bohio, Amer.Gr. Nat. Herb. 76. Vic. 103.—Distribution of P. megiston. Cusa: Santa Cruz de los Pifios, Wright 3872. TrinipAp: Caronf Savanna, Hart 4197. Without locality, Crueger. VENEZUELA: Santa Catalina, Rusby & Squires 355. ‘The South American species described as Panicum rotundum Hitche. & Chase (Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 139. 1910) proves to be the same as Panicum campestre Nees (Trin. Gram. Pan. 197. 1826). 512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Panicum TRIGONUM Retz.,’ an East Indian perennial with low creeping and branching culms and spreading pilose blades 2 to 4 cm.long, contracted panicles of short-pediceled hispidulous spikelets about 1.7 mm. long, the second glume keeled, the fruit slightly compressed laterally, has been found ‘‘under the shade of a shrub,” Port of Spain, Trinidad, Broadway 4891. / (tuyptlocecgern Lr a7, im Subgenus DICHANTHELIUM HBHitchce. & Chase. oe Foliage soft and lax, the flat blades prominently ciliate; ae plants branching from the base, finally forming ro- BEtLES Ol CUSITORS tse! si 2. eye es ary ere aes oe See LAxirLora, p. 513. Foliage not soft and lax; plants branching from the culm nodes. - First glume nearly as long as the spikelet........--. See Corpovensi, p. 525. / First glume much shorter than the spikelet. Spikelets glabrous; plants glabrous throughout; e autumnal form erect, not bushy-branching. See DicHoroma, p. 516. Spikelets pubescent. Sheaths glabrous or minutely puberulent onl¥; ligules minute or obsolete. Spikelets attenuate at base, mostly prominently pustulose; blades narrow, stiff, strongly nerved, ta- _ pering from base to apex......-.. See ANGustiroLta, p. 514. Spikelets not attenuate at base, not pus- tulose. Spikelets subglobose or pyriform. Blades spreading, rarely over 5 em. long and 5 mm. wide, spikelets pyriform; autumnal form bushy- \ branching =.) 557% nee See LANCEARIA, p. 522. ~ Blades erect, 7 to 13 cm. long, 7 to 14 mm. wide; spike- lets/spheroid 2. .-2-2222 See SPHAEROCARPA, p. 521. Spikelets not subglobose nor pyri- form. Spikelets 2.8 mm. or more long. See CommuTara, p. 524. Spikelets not over 2 mm. long. Blades with a cartilaginous white margin; spike- lets not over 1.5 mm. Lone: Rie tee “Sem ere 101. P. albomarginatum. Blades not white-margined; spikelets 2mm.long. See DicHoroma, p. 516. Sheaths pubescent. Spikelets 4 mm. long, pyriform......-- 104. P. nodatum. Spikelets not over 2.6 mm. long. Spikelets attenuate at base, mostly prominently pustulose; blades narrow, stiff, strongly nerved, tapering from base to apex; autumnal form often bushy- branched te ngs ea eee See AN@uSTIFOLIA, p. 514. 1Obs. Bot. 3: 9. 1783. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 5138 Spikelets not attenuate at base. Culms tall, usually 75 cm. high or more; foliage velvety- A eSCeMGs <2 j2 Ns See Scoparis, p. 523. Culms not over 50 cm. high. Spikelets not over 1.3 mm. long; sheaths and culms appressed-pu- escent 255.052. See Sprera, p. 518. Spikelets 1.7 to 2.4 mm. long; plants conspic- uously pubescent, at least on the sheaths. See Lanueinosa, p. 519. LAXIFLORA. Spikelets papillose-pilose; sheaths retrorsely pilose. ...---------- 78. P. xalapense. Spikelets glabrous; sheaths not retrorsely pilose. Blages ela browsomtie suriace: - 2-2. .5..2 5... eee -.- 79. P. polycaulon. Bilder puescominesuriaces. 28 NIJIOTLL Se ee 80. P. strigosum. 78. Panicum xalapense H. B. K. _ Panicum zalapense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 103. 1816; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 159. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist banks and rich woods, southeastern United States to Guatemala; also Santo Domingo. The type specimen from Jalapa. Hipaueo: Trinidad Iron Works, Pringle 13250. : PuesLaA: Chinantla, Liebmann 328. Veracruz: Jalapa, Pringle 8083, Hitchcock 6587, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 84, Smith 1752. Cérdoba, Bourgeaw 2162. Boca del Monte, Nelson 201, Seler 2160. GUATEMALA: Cob4n, Tiirckheim Fic. 104.—Distribution of P. ralapense. 8831. Santo Domineo: Constanza, Tiirckheim 3059. Rio Yaqui near Jarabacoa, Eggers 2129. 79. Panicum polycaulon Nash. Panicum dichotomum glabrescens Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 553. 1864. ‘‘Pd. [Purdie], in mountain-savannahs [Jamaica].’’ The type specimen is in the Kew Herbarium. Panicum polycaulon Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 200. 1897; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 163. 1910. 82472°—15——_5 514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DISTRIBUTION. Open moist woods and savannas, Florida and the Greater Antilles. The type specimen from Florida. Cusa: Sierra Nipe near Woodfred, Shafer 3083. Herradura, Hitch- cock 115. Isle of Pines, Palmer & Riley 990. Without locality, Wright 3875 in part. Jamaica: Hills back of Barican, Hitchcock 9561. Bull Head Mountain, Hitchcock 9550. Porto Rico: Aguada, Sintenis Fig. 105.—Distribution of P. polycaulon. 5724. Monte Mesa. Chase 6276 - ) PARSE Trujillo Alto, Chase 6767. Campo Alegre, Chase 6621. 80. Panicum strigosum Muhl. Panicum sirigosum Muhl. in Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 126. 1816; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 164. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy woods and open moist ground, southeastern United States to Colombia and in the Greater Antilles. Type specimen from South Carolina or Georgia. VERACRUZ: Minatitlan, Smith 555. GUATEMALA: Road from Gualan to Copan, Pittier 1800. Secan- quim, Pittier 257. Costa Rica: Between De Can- delaria and San Cristobal, Jiménez 459. Cusa: El Guama, Palmer & Riley 213. Without locality, Wright 3875 in part. Jamaica: Bull Head Mountain, Hitchcock 9551. Santo Dominao: Without locality, Eggers 2045 (K. U. Herb.). CoLomBia: Santa Marta, Smith 163. (Carwaiec : Aanrlere C2, 4010 Fig. 106.—Distribution of P. strigoswm. ANGUSTIFOLIA. Nodes bearded; plants grayish-villous; autumnal blades flat, TUM OTASOL Ee eerie nee eters oe arenas ee ert eer Re 82. P. chrysopsidifolium. Nodes not bearded; plants villous only at base, or nearly glabrous; autumnal blades involute. Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, pointed.................-. 83. P. fusiforme. Spikelets lessthan 3 mm. long, not pointed or obscurely so. Plants glabrous or nearly so; autumnal culms erect. Spikelets subsecund along the suberect panicle ptanches.ye 2 Wii 2s ' coe aes seem eee 86. Spikelets not subsecund; panicle looseand open. 85. Plants pubescent, at least on the lower half. Spikelets about 2.4 mm., rarely only 2.1mm., long; vernal blades 7 to 12 cm. long; autumnal blades not faleate............ 84. P. arenicoloides. Spikelets not over 2 mm. long; vernal blades 4 to 6 cm. long; autumnal blades much crowded, falcateta sas 22a eee ee 81. P. aciculare. . neuranthum. . ovinum. se HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 515 81. Panicum aciculare Desv. Panicum aciculare Desv.; Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 274. 1816; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 166. 1910. In the discussion of the type specimen it is stated that it probably came from the southeastern United States. As the species is now known to occur in Porto Rico, it becomes probable that this island is the type locality, since Desvaux described many species from there. DISTRIBUTION. Grassy slopes and sandy woods, southeastern United States, Cuba, and Porto Rico. Cusa: Pinar del Rio, Britton & Gager 7064. Sierra Nipe, Shafer 2968. Laguna Jovero, Shafer 10733, 10873. With- out locality, Wright 3454, Fic. 107.—Distribution of P. aciculare. 3461. Porto Rico: Monte Mesa, Chase 6273. Campo Alegre, Chase 6624. 82. Panicum chrysopsidifolium Nash. Pamcum chrysopsidifoliu m Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 100. 1903; Contr. U. _§. Nat. Herb. 15: 168. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy woods and open moist ground, Florida, Louisiana, and the Greater Antilles. The type specimen from Florida. Cusa: Consolacién del Sur, Palmer & Riley481. Isleof Pines, Pal- mer & Riley 982. Herradura, Hitchcock 116. Jamaica: Pedro Morass, Harris 11163. Bull Head Mountain, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 89. Porto Rico: Las Marias, Sintenis — - 5985. Trujillo Alto, Chase 6766. Fic. 108.—Distribution of P. chrysopsidifolium. Santurce, Heller 982. Harti: Without locality, Christ 1744 (K. U. Herb.). Santo Domineo: Without locality, Bertero 818 (K. U. Herb.). 83. Panicum fusiforme Hitchc. Panicum fusiforme Hitche. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 222. 1909; 15: 172. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy pine woods and open moist ground, Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, and British Honduras. The type speci- men from Cuba. British Honpuras: Manatee La- goon, Peck 453a (Gray Herb.). Cusa: Herradura, Hitchcock 117, Caldwell & Baker 7139, Tracy 9074. Nueva Gerona, Curtiss 406. Western Cuba, Wright 3453, 3454. JAMAICA: Bull Head Mountain, Hitchcock 9552. Fia@. 109.—Distribution of P. fusiforme. 516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 84. Panicum arenicoloides Ashe. Panicum arenicoloides Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 89. 1900; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 173. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy pine woods, southeastern United States; also in Guatemala. The type specimen from North Caro- lama Ay fis Balen Crrbas Dela d Pam gloom 1¥ 305) GUATEMALA: Cuesta de Peinha, between Gualdn and Cop4n, Pittier 1805b. Fic. 110.—Distribution of P. arenicoloides. 85. Panicum ovinum Scribn. & Smith. Panicum ovinum Scribn. & Smith, U. §. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 16: 3. 1899; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 174. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Open prairie and meadows, Southern States and in Veracruz. The type speci- men from Texas. Veracruz: Hacienda de la Laguna, near Jalapa, Schiede (Berlin Herb.). Fig. 111.—Distribution of P. ovinum. - 86. Panicum neuranthum Griseb. Panicum neuranthum Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15; 175. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist savannas, Florida and Cuba. The type specimen from Cuba. Cupa: Hanabana, Wright 3453 in part. Without locality, Fig. 112.—Distribution of P. neuranthum. Wright 3454a. DICHOTOMA. Nodes, at least the lower, bearded; spikelets pubescent. Fruit slightly exposed at maturity; upper sheaths viscid- spotted; autumnal form erect or reclining. .......-. 87. P. nitidum. Fruit covered at maturity; sheaths not viscid-spotted; autumnal form decumbent, with flabellate-fascicled branches 222524260 sewce -ac here ee ee eee ae 88. P. multirameum. Nodes not bearded; spikelets glabrous. Spikelets not over 1.6 mm. long; panicles narrow; plants glaucous bluish/ereems 2 Se se 2 eee ae ieee 91. P. caerulescens. J HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 517 Spikelets 2 mm. or more long; panicles open. Blades erect, firm; spikelets turgid, strongly nerved; plants grayish olive green; spikelets turgid, | OPT T has Us stl aN eG se a oe 90. P. roanokense. Blades spreading; spikelets not turgid, 2.2 mm. or more long, pointed; sheaths bearing pale glandular SCOP Sole occ hE 2s I, aR eee eae ad 89. P. yadkinense. 87. Panicum nitidum Lam. Panicum nitidum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 183. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist ground and wooded swamps, southeastern United States, Bahamas, and Cuba. The type specimen from [South?] Carolina. Bawamas: Great Bahama,Golden Grove, Britton & Millspaugh 2736. Cupa: Sierra Nipe, Shafer 2999, | oe os 3001. . Fic. 113.—Distribution of P. nitidum. 88. Panicum multirameum Scribn. Panicum multirameum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 19: 2. 1900; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 185. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Banks and dry open ground, southern Mexico to Guatemala; also in Jamaica. The type specimen from Jalapa. Veracruz: Orizaba, Bourgeau 2383, Smith 593, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb.98. Jalapa, Hitch- Trig. 114.—Distribution of P. multirameum. cock 6610, 6639, aE ring le 7882, 8339a, 9209, 9210. GUATEMALA: Coban, Tiirckheim IT. 1322. Jamaica: Bull Head Mountain, Hitchcock 9532. Vox sie ALOIS us 89. Panicum yadkinense Ashe. Panicum yadkinense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 85. 1900; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 195. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist woods and thickets, southeastern United States to Mexico. The type speci- men from North Carolina. Pursia: Without locality, Nicolas in 1909. Fig. 115.—Distribution of P. yadkinense. 518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 90. Panicum roanokense Ashe. Panicum roanokense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 44. 1898; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 196. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Open swampy woods and wet meadows, Virginia to Texas; also in Jamaica. The type specimen from North Carolina. Jamaica: Bull Head Mountain, Hitchcock 9530. Fiac. 116.—Distribution of P. roanokense. 91. Panicum caerulescens Hack. Panicum caerulescens Hack.; Hitche. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 219. 1909; 15: 197. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Marshes and swampy woods, New Jersey to Florida and Mississippi, Bahamas and Cuba. The type specimen from Florida. Banamas: Great Bahama, Brace 3524, Britton & Millspaugh 2506, 2668. Andros, Brace 7015 (allin Field Mus. Herb.). New Providence, Britton & Brace 597, 599, Millspaugh 2182, Northrup 248, Eggers 4305 (Hackel Herb.), Eggers 4312 (K. U. Herb.). Cusa: Without locality, Wright 3463 in part. Fic. 117.—Distribution of P. caerulescens. SPRETA. Spiscecletsae2 bo) WS mmmeWlone. 05. ee el eee eee gay eee 92. P. leucothrix. Spikelets motiaxernl: mambylone 2: 2) eyes ee eee eens 93. P. wrightianum. 92. Panicum leucothrix Nash. Panicum leucothriz Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 41. 1897; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 205. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Pine woods and moist open ground, ' New Jersey to Louisiana, Cuba, and Porto Rico. The type specimen from Florida. Cupa: Herradura, Hitchcock 554, 560. Without locality, Wright 3460, 3463. Porto Rico: Trujillo Alto, Chase 6770. Fig. 118.—Distribution of P. leucothrix. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 519 93. Panicum wrightianum Scribn. Panicum wrightianum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 44. f. 4. 1898. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 207. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist sandy soil, Massachusetts to Texasand Cuba. The type specimen from Cuba. Cusa: Pinar del Rio, Britton & Gager 6952. Without locality, Wright 3463 in part. Fig. 119.—Distribution of P. wrightianwm. LANUGINOSA. Spikelets 2.2 mm. or more long. Pubescence on culms horizontally spreading; autumnal pOTMeireehypbranchpmm 2. ea 97. P. villosissimum. Pubescence on culms appressed or ascending; autumnal form rather sparingly branching............1.... 98. P. pseudopubescens. Spikelets not over 2 mm. long. Plants not velvety; blades usually glabrous on the upper SYUIBIONCIS 5 Ae ge Mare Pv cee a SN I BON 94. P. tennesseense. Plants velvety; blades softly pubescent on both surfaces. Plants light or yellow green when dry._........... 95. P. acuminatum. Plants dark or olive green when dry............... 96. P. olivaceum. 94. Panicum tennesseense Ashe. Panicum tennesseense Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 15: 52. 1898; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 218. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Open ground, Atlantic States to Utah; also in southern Mexico. The type speci- men from Tennessee. Veracruz: Orizaba, Boéttert 101. Jalapa, Hitchcock 6632. ¥1G. 120,— Distribution of P. tennesseense. 95. Panicum acuminatum Swartz. Panicum acuminatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 1788; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 222: 1910. Panicum ornatum Desyv.; Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 11. 1825. ‘‘ Herb. Prof. Desy. Porto Rico.”’ In the Revision’ this was listed among the doubtful species. The inadequate description indicates the common P. acuminatum. 1Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 331. 1910. - 520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy pine woods, moist banks and open ground, Greater Antilles; also Colombia. The type specimen from Jamaica. Cusa: Isle of Pines, Palmer & Riley 989, 1083, Curtiss 307, 328, Taylor 3873. Pinar del Rio, Palmer & Riley 447. Herradura, Britton, Earle & Gager 6505, Hitchcock 140, Tracy 9078. Rio Guao, Britton & Cowell 9673. Cuchillas de San Sebasti4n, Ledn & Shafer 13719. Sumidero, Leén 3472, Shafer 13544. Without locality, Wright 3874. Jamaica: Clyde River, Harris 11444. Cinchona, Harris 11315, 11371, 11435, 11494, Hitchcock 9697, 9722. Hills back of Barican, Hitchcock 9564. Bull Head Mountain, Hitchcock 9538. Gordon Town, Hart 736. Ab- bey Green, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 133. Catherines Peak, Harris 11554, Hitchcock 9738. Below Sir Johns Peak, Harris 11597. Upper Clarendon, Harris 11109. Hartt: Morne la Sette, Christ 1850. ; Santo DominGo: Without local- Fig. 121.—Distribution of P. acuminatum. ity, Eggers 2021, 2028, 2333 (all in K. U. Herb.). Porto Rico: Santurce, Heller in 1903. Maricao, Sintenis 355. Bayamon, Chase 6378. Alto de Bandera, Chase 6475. Sierra de Luquillo, Chase 6719. Be- tween Guainabo and Catafio, Chase 6647. Indiera Fria, Chase 6249. Tru- jillo Alto, Chase 6765. Jajome Alto, Chase 6752. Lares, Sintenis 5908. Fajardo, Sintenis 1224. Cotomepta: La Esmeralda near Jamundi, Pittier 932, 982a. Santa Marta, Smith 2140. 96. Panicum olivaceum Hitche. & Chase. Panicum olivaceum Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 225. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Clay slopes and open ground, Mexico to Venezuela. The type specimen from Guatemala, Veracruz: Orizaba, Bourgeau 2383 in part, Botteri 99, 100, 101. Minatitlan, Smith 571. Jalapa, Hitchcock 6631, 6646, 6651, 6667, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 134, Pringle 8339. GUATEMALA: Coban, Tiirckheim 428. Without locality, Seler 3200. Costa Rica: San Pedro de la Ca- labaza, Tonduz 10745. Panama: El Boquete, Mazon 5136, Hitchcock 8189, 8252, 8280. VENEZUELA: Tovar, Fendler 1638b. Pico de Naiguatd, Pittier 6252. CotomsB1a: La Esmeralda, near Jamundi, Pittier 946. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 521 97. Panicum villosissimum Nash. Panicum villosissimum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 149. 1896; Contr. U. & Nat. Herb. 15: 233. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. ‘Dry open woods, eastern United States; alsoin Guatemala. The type specimen from Georgia. GUATEMALA: Guatemala City, Fig. 123.—Disiribution of P. villosissimum. Hitchcock 9106. 98. Panicum pseudopubescens Nash. Panicum pseudopubescens Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 577. 1899; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 235. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy open woods eastern United States; also in San Luis Potosi. The type speci- men from Alabama. San Luis Porosf: Without locality, Schaffner 146. Fig. 124.—Distribution of P. pseudopubescens. SPHAEROCARPA. Culmsspreading; panicle nearly as broad as long; spikelets 1.6 RPA RVRTNT MOMBA CI st a Ch ete AN Ue se Sha ta 99. P. sphaerocar pon. Culms erect or ascending; panicle never more than two-thirds as broad as long; spikelets 1 to 1.2 mm. long...._...... 100. P. erectifolium. 99. Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 125. 1816; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 251. 1910. ss DISTRIBUTION. Sandy soil and gravelly banks, eastern United States through Mexico to northern South America. The type specimen from Georgia. San Luts Porosi: Without locality, Schaf/ner 147. Micuoacdn: Sierra de San Andrés, Ross 381. Pursta: Chinantla, Liebmann 327. Teziutlin, Orcutt 3952. Veracruz: Orizaba, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 155, Botteri. Ja- lapa, Pringle7883, 8344, Hitch- cock 6607, 6633. British Honpuras: Manatee La- goon, Peck 61 (Gray Herb.). GUATEMALA: Guatemala City, Hitchcock 9105. Coban, Tiirck- heim 56, 3829. Volcano Pa- caya, Kellerman 6236. Costa Rica: Copey, Tonduz11866, - San Pedro de la Calabaza, Tonduz 10745. Pdramos del Abejonal, Tonduz 7878. Panama: El Boquete, Hitchcock 8172. Dolega, Hitchcock 8343. VENEZUELA: Without locality, Fendler 1638. Fria. 125.—Distribution of P. sphaerocarpon. 522 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 100. Panicum erectifolium Nash. Panicum erectifolium Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 238: 148. 1896; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 256. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist pine woods, southeastern United States and Cuba. Typespeci- men from Florida. Fig. 126.—Distribution of P. erectifolium. Cusa: Vuelta Abaja, Wright 3462. Laguna Santa Maria, Britton & Gager 7170. ‘K ENSIFOLIA. 101. Panicum albomarginatum Nash. Panicum albomarginatum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 40, 1897; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 260. 1910. DISTRIBUTION, Moist sandy woods, southeastern United States, Cuba and Guatemala. Type specimen from Florida. GuATEMALA: Gual4n to Copan, Pittier 1805a. Cusa: Between Sumidero and Pinar del Rio, Leén 3466. Herradura, Hitchcock 555. Isle of Pines, Taylor 32. Fig. 127.—Distribution of P. albomarginatum. LANCEARIA. Spilcerets sto 16 mmm. Longe. See eee ee ele oe ao? aes portoricense. Spikelets:2 mamy Lomas. os is 1h Meee ee beer sice yest Lome ee 103. P. lancearium. 102. Panicum portoricense Desv. Panicum portoricense Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 11. 1825. ‘‘Herb. Prof. Desy. Porto Rico.’’ We have been unable to find the type of this and in the Revision 1 placed it among doubtful species. Recent study of the grasses of Porto Rico, however, leaves no doubt that Desvaux’s description was drawn from a specimen in the autumnal phase of P. pauciciliatum Ashe, which is found to be common in the vicinity of San Juan Bay, the region most likely to have been visited by early botanists. Panicum pauciciliatum Ashe, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 16: 87. 1900; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb..15: 272.1910. 1 Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 15: 331. 1910. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 5238 DISTRIBUTION. Moist sandy woods, southeastern United States, Cuba and Porto Rico. CusBa: Without locality, Wright 3876. Porto Rico: Martin Pefia, Chase 6357. Between Catafio and Guainabo, Chase 6631. Lake Loisa, Chase 6783. Santurce, Heller 982b, 6442. Vega Baja, Heller 639, Underwood & Griggs 955. Campo Alegre, Chase 6434. Fig. 128.—Distribution of P. portoricense. 103. Panicum lancearium Trin. Panicum lancearium Trin. Gram. Pan. 223. 1826; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 273. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Sandy pine woods, southeastern United States, British Honduras, Cuba, and Santo Domingo. The type specimen from North America, the exact locality not known. Brinsa Honpuras: Sibune | River, Peck 425 (Gray Herb.). Cusa: San Juan de Buenavista, Wright 3460 (Gray Herb.). Fig. 129.—Distribution of P. lanceariwm. Santo Domingo: Constanza, Tiirckheim 3321. PEDICELLATA. 104. Panicum nodatum Hitche. & Chase. Panicum nodatum Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 293. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Oak woods and wooded sand dunes, along the coast of Texas and adjoining Mexico. The type specimen from Texas. Mexico: Matamoros, Berlandier 988, 2418 (Gray Herb.). P feet vee S, 1, : Mey > Fig. 130.—Distribution of P. nodatum. SCOPARIA. Vernal culms erect or ascending; plants velvety throughout; Spikeleisabottewanm, ong. oo. l oo ee ee bl 105. P. scoparium. Vernal culms decumbent at base; upper sheaths more or less glabrate; spikelets less than 2 mm. long.................. 106. P. viscidellum. 594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 105. Panicum scoparium Lam. Panicum scoparium Lam. Encycl. 4: 744.1798; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 294. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Wet places, southeastern United States and Cuba. The type specimen from South Carolina. Cusa: Road to Pinal Mayari, - Wright 3467. Sierra Nipe, Fig. 131.—Distribution of P. scopariwm. Shafer 2997, 3018. 106. Panicum viscidellum Scribn. Panicum viscidellum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 19: 2. 1900; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 296. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Open woods and slopes, Mexico to Colombia; also in Cuba. The type specimen from Jalapa. Veracruz: Cordoba, Hitchcock 6425. Orizaba, Amer.Gr. Nat. Herb.179. Jalapa, Hitchcock 6606, 6673, Smith 1617, Pringle 8089. Mirador, Tiebmann 323. Zacuapan, Purpus 2160. GuaTEMALA: Coban, Tiirckheim 3836, 3829 in part. Sierra del Mico, Kellerman 6231, 6249. Nicaracua: U.S. Pacific Expl. Exped. Wright. Costa Rica: Asseri, Tonduz 1244. = El General, Pittier 3358. Fig. 132.— Distribution of P. viscidellum. PanaMA: El Boquete, Hitchcock 8178, Pittier 3043. Cusa: Managua, Palmer & Riley 1065. CotomsBia: La Esmeralda, near Jamundi, Pittier 940. COMMUTATA. Blades unsymmetrical and falcate; culms decumbent; first glume about one-third as long as the spikelet ......._- 107. P. yoorn._ Blades symmetrical, nearly linear; culms erect; first glume about half as long as the spikelet...-.-...........__- 108. P. albomaculatum. 107. Panicum joorii Vasey. Panicum joori Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 8: 31. 1889; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, 15: 308. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Damp woods, southeastern United States; also in southern Mexico. The type speci- men from Louisiana. : Veracruz: Jalapa, Hitchcock 6650. Repus.ic oF Mexico: Without locality, Fig. 133,—Distribution of P. joorii. Pringle 13290. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 525 108. Panicum albomaculatum Scribn. Panicum albomaculatum Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 19: 2. 1900; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 311. 1910. Autumnal form leaning or ascending, with geniculate nodes, branching from the lower and middle nodes, the branches nearly as long as the primary culm, erect, simple or sparingly branching, the sheaths overlapping, the blades scarcely reduced, the panicles short-exserted; apparently no winter rosette developed. One specimen, Hitchcock 6979, has harshly pilose foliage, but in all other respects its characters are those of P. albomaculatum. DISTRIBUTION. Shady banks and wooded slopes, Mexico and Guatemala. The type specimen from Patzcuaro. Jauisco: Zapotlan, Hitchcock 7170, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 193. MicHoacdn: Patzcuaro, Pringle 5203. Urudpan, Hitchcock 6979. Jorullo, Humboldt (Willd. Herb.). GuATEMALA: Antigua, Hitchcock 9139. Fig. 134.—Distribution of P. albomaculatum. CORDOVENSIA. Plants perennial, straggling, the culms decumbent at base, rooting at the nodes; ligules membranaceous, minute; spikelets elliptical, the first glume two-thirds the length of the spikelet or more; fruit smooth and shining, apiculate. This group, to which are apparently allied the South American Panicum phragmites Nees (P. discolor Trin., not Spreng.) and P. ovuliferum Trin., appears to be inter- mediate between true Panicum and the subgenus Dichanthelium, having the sterile primary panicles and secondary panicles with fruitful, probably cleistogamous, spikelets, but not forming a winter rosette. lants glabrous or the leaves sparsely pilose .......----------- 109. P. cordovense. Piaitemelyety pubescent, eee ee eee ee ea 110. P. chiriquiense. 109. Panicum cordovense Fourn. Panicum cordovense Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 26. 1886. ‘‘Cordova (Schaffn. n. 293 in herb. Franq.).’’ The type specimen in the herbarium of Drake de Castillo, now a part of the herbarium of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, has glabrous spikelets (like that shown in Fig. 135). This in the Revision was listed among the doubtful species. Panicum expansum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 26. 1886 (following P. cordovense). ‘‘Huita- malco (Liebm. n. 426).’’ The type specimen, in the Copenhagen Herbarium, has a large immature primary panicle, the spikelets glabrous. In the Revision ? it was suggested that this unknown species was related to P. costaricense. Ichnanthus apiculatus Scribn. U. S.- Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 80: 1. 1901. ““T'ype specimen from near Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz. C.G. Pringle, no. 9208.’’ In the type specimen, in the United States National Herbarium, the spikelets are glabrous. Panicum missionum Ekman, Ark. for Bot. 114: 19. pl. 3. f.1. 1912. ‘‘Bonpland, ~ ad rivulum prope praedium ‘Almacén finlandesa,’ 26. 12. 07. N. 632.’’, collected by E. L. Ekman, in the State of Misiones, Argentina. An immature specimen of the type collection is in the U. 8. National Herbarium, received from Dr. Ekman. The 1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 329. 1910. 2 Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 15: 134. 1910. 526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. photograph of the type specimen (plate 3, figure 1) shows the large open primary panicle, like that of the type of P. expansum, which is characteristic of the early phase of the species. DESCRIPTION. Plants perennial in tangled masses; culms slender, subcompressed, a line of pubes- cence down one side or glabrous, rarely sparsely pilose, straggling, widely creeping, rooting at the lower nodes, as much as 2 meters long, freely branching, the branches usually divergent, becoming nearly as long as the primary culm; nodes puberulent or glabrate; sheaths much shorter than the usually elongate internodes, sparsely papillose-pilose or papillose only, densely ciliate on the margin, puberulent at the junction with the blade; ligule about 0.3 mm. long; blades thin, flat, spreading, 5 to 10 cm. (rarely as much as 15 cm.) long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, rounded and usually ciliate at base, scab- erulous on both surfaces at least on the midnerve, By usually papillose-hispid above the ligule, sometimes Fig. 135.—P. condoversee: From sparsely so throughout; panicles of two kinds, the CCE BEE: primary short-exserted or included at base, loose and open, 10 to 15 cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, the axis and branches slender, sub- flexuous, scaberulous, pubescent in the axils,the few branches solitary or in pairs, remote, simple or nearly so, finally spreading, few-flowered, the branchlets and short- pediceled, apparently unfruitful spikelets more or less appressed to the rachis, the secondary panicles terminal on the branches, reduced, narrow, few-flowered, partially inclosed in the sheath, the crowded appar- ently cleistogamous spikelets fruitful; spike- lets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 1.2 to 1.4 mm. wide, those of the primary panicles usually glab- rous, those of the secondary panicles usually pustulose-villous, turgid; first glume about two-thirds as long as the spikelet, obtuse, 3 to 5-nerved, the second glume and sterile lemma equal, covering the fruit, 7-nerved, the middle internerves of the sterile lemma in the pubescent spikelets usually glab- rous, the midnerve sometimes indistinct; fruit 2.8 to 2.9 mm. long, 1.1 to 1.2 mm. wide, apiculate. The spikelets shown in figures 135 and 136 are from the terminal and lateral panicles respectively of the same individual. Fig. 136.—P. cordovense. From Hitchcock 8328. DISTRIBUTION. Shady banks and in deep woods, southern Mexico to Argentina. Veracruz: Cordoba, Schaffner 293. Jalapa, Pringle 9208, Hitchcock 6611. Huitmalco, Inebmann 426. Costa Rica: Piedra del Convento, Pittier 3655. Panama: Chiriqui Volcano, Hitch- cock 8196. El Boquete, Mitch- cock 8271, 8275, 8303, 8328. Fia. 137.—Distribution of P. cordovense. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 527 110. Panicum chiriquiense sp. nov. »= DESCRIPTION. Plants perennial, olivaceous; culms straggling, creeping and rooting at the lower nodes, softly papillose-pilose, freely branching, the leafy fertile branches ascending, 20 to 30 cm. high; nodes pilose; sheaths nearly as long as the internodes or the upper overlapping, softly papillose-pilose; ligule about 0.5 mm. long; blades flat, somewhat spreading, 4 to 7 cm. long, 7 to 10 mm. wide, nar- rowly lanceolate, unsymmetrical at base and often somewhat falcate, acuminate, softly papillose- villous beneath, rather sparsely pilose on the upper surface; panicles short-exserted or included at base, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, half to two-thirds as wide, the few branches ascending, the axis and few nearly simple branches slender, villous; spike- lets short-pediceled, 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long, about i.1 mm. wide, elliptical; first glume about three- fourths as long as the spikelet, acute, 3-nerved, villous; second glume and ,sterile lemma equal, covering the fruit, the glume villous, minutely apiculate, the lemma usually subindurate, smooth and shining in the two middle internerves, the midnerve suppressed or evident at the summit only, the lateral _ internerves villous; frtit 2.1 mm. long, 1 mm, wide, minutely apiculate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 725186, collected ‘“‘in shade along trail, hillside jungle, foothills, vicinity of El Boquete, province of Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 1,000 to 1,300 meters, October 4, 1911,” by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 8313). Known only from the type collec- tion. This species differs from P. cor- dovense in the villous foliage with shorter, unsymmetrical blades, the less elongate culms, and the smaller spikelets. In the specimens collected all the panicles are terminal on the branches. Whether or not the plants at.an earlier season bear large panicles on a primary culm is not known. The character of the suppressed midnerve and smooth middle internerves, rare in P. cardovense, is usual and emphazised in P. chiri- quiense. Only an occasional spikelet in panicles with the usual form has undiffer- entiated middle internerves. Fic. 138.—P. chiriquiense. From type specimen. Fig. 139.—Distribution of P. chiriguiense. MISCELLANEOUS SPECIES. 111. Panicum obtusum H. B. K. Panicum obtusum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 98. 1816; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 321. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist sandy or gravelly soil, southwestern United States to central Mexico. The type specimen from Guanajuato. Sonora: Nogales to Cocospora Ranch, Griffiths 6800. CurauAHUA: Between Casas Grandes and Sabinal, Nelson 6352. Chihuahua, Pringle 476, Miiiaca, Hitchcock 7734. 528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Duranco: Durango, Palmer 175 in 1896, Hitchcock 7618. Torreén, Hitchcock 7563. Coanuma: Saltillo, Palmer 394 and 504 in 1898, Hitchcock 5582. La Ventura, Nelson 3908.. Jaral, Schumann 1714. Nuevo Lr6n: Monterrey, Hitchcock 5533. ZAacATEcAS: Concepcién del Oro, Palmer 2661n 1904. Zacatecas, Hitchcock 7525. AGUASCALIENTES: Aguascalientes, Rose & Hay 6231, Hitchcock 7456. San Luis Porosf: San Luis Potosi, Palmer 590 in 1898, Parry & Palmer 960 in 1878, Schaffner 148, Hitchcock 5657. GuaNnasuaTo: Obregon, Hitchcock 5801. Trapuato, Hitchcock 7407. QuERETARO: San Juan del Rio, Rose, Fig. 140.—Distribution of P. obtuswm. Painter & Rose 9552, 9594. Querétaro, Hitchcock 5813, 5863. Hinatgo: Tula, Rose, Painter & Rose 8356. Ixmiquilpan, Rose, Painter & Rose 9057. PuEeBLA: Tehuacdn, Hitchcock 6060. Repusiic or Mexico: Without locality, Hartweg 244. 112. Panicum stagnatile sp. nov. DESCRIPTION. Plants perennial, gregarious; culms erect from an ascending or decumbent base rooting at the nodes, somewhat lush, 1 to 2 meters high, about 5 mm. thick, glabrous, simple or occasionally with sterile branches; nodes glabrous or the lower retrorsely appressed-pubescent; sheaths usually about as long as the internodes or the upper overlapping, ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous or pubescent on the sides at the junction with the blade; ligule membranaceous, less than 1 mm. long; blades flat, 20 to 35 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, slightly narrowed to the rounded base, taper- ing from below the middle to an acuminate apex, sparingly pilose above the ligule, otherwise glabrous, the margins scabrous; panicle 20 to 40 cm. long, about half as wide, fusiform in outline, the main axis and rachises strongly angled, scabrous, usually sparsely pilose in the lower axils, the numerous slender, compound branches rather stiffly ascending or spreading, solitary or irregularly fascicled, bearing from near the base and usually along the lower side rather stiffly spreading slender secondary branchlets, the lower 1 to 2 cm. long; spike- lets loosely clustered, short-pediceled, glabrous, 1.8 mm. long, about 0.6 mm. wide, acute; first glume about one-third as long as the spikelet, acute, scabrous on the keeled midnerve, the second glume two-thirds as long as the spikelet, somewhat boat- shaped, scabrous on the keel, the sterile lemma slightly exceeding the fruit, boat- shaped and scabrous on the midnerve at the apex; fruit 1.6 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide, lanceolate, scabrous at the acute apex, the lemma and palea subindurate, the margins of the lemma inrolled only at the base. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 693328, collected in water of swamp, Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama, October 12, 1911, by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 8388). This species is allied to P. rivulare Trin. but differs in the broader blades, less densely flowered panicle branches, and smaller spikelets. The numerous small spikelets and slender branchlets give the panicle a lacelike appearance. The type locality is now covered by the water of Gatun Lake. Fig. 141.—P. stagnatile. From type specimen. c ~-y HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 529 DISTRIBUTION. Swamps, growing in the water, south- ern Mexico to Panama. Tapasco: Between San Juan Bau- tista and San Sebastian, Rovirosa 625. GuATEMALA: Puerto Barrios, Hiich- cock 9153. Panama: Frijoles, Hitchcock 8388. Fig. 142.—Distribution of P. stagnatile. 113. Panicum grande sp. nov. ‘Plants perennial, gregarious, producing extensively creeping or floating leafy stolons about 5mm. thick; culms 1.5 to 2 meters or more high, erect from a long decum- bent base with papery sheaths and tufts of fibrous roots, 1 to 2 cm. thick, simple or sparingly branching, succulent, the nodes densely appressed-hirsute; sheaths over- lapping except toward the summit, glabrous, the junction with the blade in drying presenting a darkened triangle on each side; ligule membranaceous, about 2 mm. long; blades flat, as much as 1 meter long and 6 cm. wide (the upper and lower smaller), at base narrower than the sheath, gradually widening to about the middle, narrowing rather abruptly to the acuminate apex, glabrous, striate, somewhat plicate, the Inargins strongly serrulate; panicle as much as 60 cm. long and 40 cm. wide, the axis and branches strongly several-angled, scaberulous, the promi- nent. pulvilli minutely pubescent, the branches. stiffly spreading, naked at base, the lower in whorls, the short ultimate branchlets and the pedicels appressed along the rather loose secondary branchlets, the pedicels mostly 1 to 2 mm. long; spikelets 2.5 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, nearly terete, pointed, glabrous; first glume slightly over half the leneth of the spikelet, the second glume and sterile lemma equal, exceeding the fruit, somewhat beaked beyond it; fruit 1.8 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide, narrowly obovate, smooth and shining, the lemma and palea indurate but the lemma margins flat. Type in U. 8. National Herbarium, nos. 693329, 693330, 693331 (parts of the same individual), collected in the water of a swamp along the margin of Gatun Lake, Canal Zone, Panama, December 15, 1911, by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 9178). This species grows in large masses in swamps, flowering in December. The broad blades give a lily-like aspect tothe plants earlier in the season. In Gatun Lake, Panama, plants were found growing in 10 feet of water. Doell! describes this species under the name Panicum multiflorum Bee. 2 but the latter name applies to a different species.* Panicum grande is allied to the South American P. grumosum Nees, P. rivulare Trin., and P. prionitis Nees, from all of which it differs in its aquatic habit and open panicle and in the more indurate fertile lemma and palea; from P. rivulare and P. prionitis in the equal second glume and fertile lemma. Fig. 143.—P. grande. From type specimen. \ 1 Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 215. 1877. 2 Encycl. 4: 282. 1816. 3 See Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 48. 1910. 82472°—15—_6 530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DISTRIBUTION. Lakes, ponds, and swamps, growing in the water, Panama to Pard4. Panama: Gatun, Hitchcock 9178. Along the Sambu River, Pit- tier 5546. TriymapD: Mazanilla, Hitchcock 10376. Cedros, Hitchcock 10148. St. Joseph, Hitchcock Fic. 144.—Distribution of P. grande. 10022. VENEZUELA: Bobures, Jahn 353. 114. Panicum tuerckheimii Hack. Panicum tuerckheimu Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 60. 1906. Guatemala, Cubilgititz [Cubilquitz] im Hochwald, 350 ms m. leg H. v. Tiirckheim (1903 sub nr. IT. 820).”’ DESCRIPTION. Plants perennial from a firm knotty base with strong roots; culms erect or ascend- ing, simple, 30 to 50 cm. high, compressed, glabrous, the nodes appressed-hirsute, few to several long erect leaves borne at the base; sheaths compressed-keeled, more or less hispidulous at the junction with the blade, otherwise glabrous, those of the basal leaves loose, overlapping, those of the culm about as long as the in- ternodes; ligule membranaceous-ciliate, scarcely 0.5 mm. long; blades thin, flat, 10 to 25 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. wide, gradually tapering from about the middle to an acuminate apex, the uppermost rather abruptly narrowed to a some- what rounded ciliate base, the lower and especially the basal blades gradually tapering into a narrow, more or less folded, petiole-like base, ciliate on the margins, puberu lent on the upper surface at the very base; panicle short exserted, 15 to 20 cm. long, less than one-fourth as wide, the slender angled axis and branches glabrous, the branches remote, rather stiffly ascending, with short ascending re- mote branchlets, these spikelet-bearing from the base, more or less pilose in the axils, the lower branches about 10 cm. long; spikelets rather short-pediceled, russet brown, 2.5 to3 mm. long, about 0.9 mm. wide, acum- inate, very sparsely appressed-pilose; first glume minute, hyaline; second glume and sterile lemma rather faintly nerved, subequal, or the acuminate tip of the glume exceeding the lemma; the sterile palea wanting; fruit 2.4 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, the lemma and palea not greatly in- durated, the lemma minutely pubes- cent at the pointed apex, the palea at the very tip not inclosed. In the original description Professor Hackel states that the first glume is altogether wanting. This appeared to be the case and, failing to note the obscure organ, we excluded this species from the genus Panicum in the Re- vision.! The first glume is present, but is so thin in texture and so closely appressed’ that the nerves and the base of the sterile lemma are obscurely visible through it. , This species, known only from the type collection, has no close allies. 1Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 16. 1910. Fig. 145.—P. tuerckheimii. From type specimen. Fig. 146.—Distribution of P. twerckheimit. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 5381 115. Panicum zizanioides H. B. K. | Panicum zizanioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 100. 1816; Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 325. 1910. DISTRIBUTION. Moist usually shaded places, Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay. The type locality, Colombia. Veracruz: Cérdoba, Hitchcock 6436. Oaxaca: Trapeche de la Concepcion, Liebmann 394. Tasasco: San Juan Bautista, Rovirosa 624. Curapas: Ocuilapa, Nelson 3023. GuatEMALA: Cubilquitz, Tiirckheim 7699, 7700, 8785, 8796. Coban, Tiirckheim 3828. NicaraGcua: Jinotepe, Hitchcock 8680. Costa Rica: Hacienda de Zent, Tonduz 302. La Florida, Pittier 11276. Matina, Pittier 10307. Talamanca, Tonduz 8566. San Rafael, Pittier 2598. Panama: David, Hitchcock 8351. Tabernilla, Mitchcock 8112, 8385. Gatun, Hitchcock '7974. Gamboa, Pit- tier 4790. Between Gamboa and Cruces, Pittier 3781. Along the Rio Sirri, Pittier 4026. Cusa: Sancti Spiritus, Leon 903. Laguna Castellano, Baker 4334, Wilson 9567. Puentes Grandes, Leén 2743. Sumi- dero, Leédn 13635. Without locality, Wright 3466. Jamaica: Gordon Town, Hart 726. Port Antonio, Maxon 2109. Ramble, Hitch- cock 9513. Castleton Gardens, Hitchcock 9398. Above Constant Spring, Hitchcock 9278. Buff Bay, Hitchcock 9779. Ipswich, Hitchcock 9609. Ewarton to Linstead, Hitchcock 9419. St. Georges, Portland, Harris 11420. Temple Hall, Harris 11385. Troy, Hitchcock 9781. Montego Bay, Hitchcock 9684. Without locality, Alexander Prior in 1850, Wullschlaegel 1108. Trinipap: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 9958. Mount Pleasant Estate, Bot. Gard. Herb. 2286. Toco, Broadway 2563. Without locality, Bot. Gard. Herb. 3188. Tosaco: Great Dog River, Eggers 5810. Roxburgh, Hitchcock 10258. Easter- field, Broadway 4556. Fig. 147.—Distribution of P. zizanioides. 116. Panicum hirtum Lam. Panicum hirtum Lam. Encycl. 4: 741. 1798. Lamarck states that ‘“‘Cette plante croit 4 Cayenne, d’ou elle a été envoyée par Jos. Martin.’’ The type specimen in the Lamarck Herbarium is marked ‘‘Panicum hirtum Lam. dict. Cayenne. Martin.” DESCRIPTION. Plants annual, at first simple and erect, later branching and decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes; culms slender, puberulent, the fertile branches 20 to 40 cm. high; sheaths shorter than the internodes, loose, short-villous, densely ciliate on the margin; ligule a delicate toothed membrane less than 0.5 mm. long; blades flat, thin, 2 to 6 cm. long, 0.8 to 2 cm. wide, ovate to lanceolate, cordate-clasping at base, rather abruptly acuminate, scabrous on the upper surface, sparsely hispid on both surfaces, ciliate at the base; panicles exserted or included at base, 3 to 7 cm. long, half to two-thirds as 532 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. wide, ovoid in outline, the main axis pilose, the numerous delicate but rather stiff brahches ascending at a uniform angle (in herbarium specimens the branches con- spicuously parallel), the numerous but not crowded spikelets recurved at right angles on capillary pedi- cels; spikelets 1.2 mm. long, about 0.7 mm. wide, strongly plano-convex, turgid; first glume nearly as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved, narrow, covering the middle internerves of the sterile lemma, thin in tex- ture and so closely appressed as to be usually invisi- ble, sparsely hispid; second glume inflated, gibbous, pointed, 5-nerved, papillose-hispid, at maturity sub- indurate, the hairs stiffening and as much as 1 mm. long; sterile lemma equaling the second glume and inclosing a 2-keeled palea, 5-nerved, glabrous, the two middle internerves thin; fruit 1 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, very turgidly plano-convex, at first white, at maturity brown, sparsely sprinkled with minute glob- ular hairs. The spikelets of this unique species at maturity look like tiny burs or, as Lamarck says, like the ‘‘seeds of Daucus.’’ The bristly second glume sometimes falls, leaving the turgid fruit, together with the first glume and sterile lemma, attached to the pedicel. Fig. 148 —P. hirtum. From type specimen. DISTRIBUTION. Damp shady places, Trinidad to Brazil. Trinipap: Arima, Hitchcock 10310. Piarco Savanna, Hitchcock 10363. St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10177. Port of Spain, Hitch- cock 10320. Without locality, Bot. Gard. Herb. 3194. Fig. 149.—Distribution of P. hirtwm. bs : EXCLUDED SPECIES. The study of generssallied to Panicum and the examination of a large number of type specimens has resulted in the identification of most of the species of North America included now or in the past by some authors in Panicum. Besides the valid species and the names accounted for in synonymy within the genus Panicum there are a great many names that, according to our present conception of the genera of Paniceae, are referable to other genera. While the list is not complete it is so nearly complete as to enable us to account for almost all the names of North American species that have been re- ferred to Panicum. The second name in the column merely indicates the genus to which the species belongs. In no case is any name in the following list a transfer of a species or a new combination. In many cases the name, if transferred to the genus indicated, would be untenable. : HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 533 Panicum acutum Rasp. Reimarochloa. adscendens H. B. K. Syntherisma, adustum Nees. Syntherisma. ie africanum Trim Oplismenus. / *'* agglutinans Kunth. Lasiacis. alabamense Trin. Paspalum. alopecuroides L. Pennisetum. alopecuroideum L. Pennisetum. alopecuroideum Walt. Chaetochloa, alopecurus Lam. Pennisetum. alsinoides Griseb. Ichnanthus. , americanum L. Pennisetum. amphistemon Wright. Scutachne. amplexicaule Rudge. Hymenachne. amplifolium Steud. Chaetochloa. Arwifarackha anomalum Walt. Chaetochloa. anthaenantia Kuntze. Anthaenantia. antillarum Poir. Pennisetum. aquaticum Bosc. Sacciolepis. aquaticum Muhl. Sacciolepis. arborescens Sieber. Lasiacis. arbusculum Sieber. Isachne. aristatum Macf. Echinochloa, ” arundinaceum Swartz. Isachne. aturense H. B. K. Homolepis. aureum Trin. Axonopus. auriculatum Willd. Hymenachne. autumnale Bose. Leptoloma. badium Scribn. & Merr. Syntherisma. bambusioides Desv. Lasiacis. barbatum Lam. Chaetochloa. & berchtholdiae Doell. Chaetium. bermudianum Steud. Sacciolepis. : berteronianum Schult. Chaetochloa. @ “~~ bifidum Bertol. Paspalum. blepharophorum Presl. Homolepis. brachiatum Poir. Chaetochloa. “1.5 0 brachyphyllum Steud. Syntherisma. brevifolium Kunth. Syntherisma. buckleyanum Vasey. Error in Index Kewensis for Paspalum. californicum Benth. Valota. campylostachyum Hack. Thrasya. caudatum Lam. Chaetochloa. caudatum Salzm. Sacciolepis. cenchroides Rich. Pennisetum. | cenchroides Ell. Cenchrus. cernuum Willd. Chaetochloa. chaetium Steud. Chaetium. chauvinii Steud. Lasiacis. chrysites Steud. Axonopus. chrysoblephare Steud. Axonopus. chrysodactylon Trin. Axonopus. cognatum Schult. Leptoloma. 534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Panicum colonum L. Echinochloa. , compactum Swartz. Lasiacis. compositum Nees. Chaetochloa. UW./2.0t" compressum Balb. Chaetochloa. “4.490 ceresia Kuntze. Paspalum. ciliatiflorum Wood. Anthaenantia. ; cirrhosum Scribn. & Merr. Chaetochloa-- Kite VAI confertum Desv. ? Isachne.. corrugatum Ell. Chaetochloa. ( . crinitum Willd. Pennisetum. : crusardeae Willd. Chaetochloa. 4.16 44 A. cruscorvi L. Echinochloa. crusgalli L. Echinochloa. aristatum Pursh. Echinochloa. hispidum Ell. Echinochloa. mite Pursh. Echinochloa. muticum Ell. Echinochloa. ¥ purpureum Pursh. Echinochloa. sabulicola Trin. Echinochloa. * cruspavonis Nees. Echinochloa. : cubense Steud. Oplismenus. cultratum Trin. Thrasya. curvinerve Hack. Syntherisma. dactylon L. Capriola. decumbens Roem. & Schult. Paspalum. densispica Poir. Pennisetum. digitarioides Rasp. Paspalum. diaper Foun = dispermum Lam. Isachne. B pacha dissectum L. Paspalum. ) area dissitiflorum Steud. Chaetochloa. We AAAs divaricatum Kunth. Lasiacis. Wipes divaricatum L. Lasiacis. glabrum Kuntze. Lasiacis. latifolium Fourn. Lasiacis. puberuJum Griseb. Lasiacis. stenostachyum Griseb. Lasiacis. divaricatum Michx. Festuca. divergens Muhl. Leptoloma. domingense Zucc. Syntherisma. Tavicaaand Vasey. Error in Index Kewensis for ea ee duchaissingii Steud. Valota. dumetorum A. Rich. Chaetochloa. —~ durum Griseb. Scutachne. echinatum Willd. Echinolaena. echinolaena Nees. Echinolaena. eggersii Hack. Valota. elliottianum Schult. Baer oles erianthum Poir. Anthaenantia. falsum Steud. Valota. fasciculatum Lam. Oplismenus. —— fasciculiflorum Steud. Oplismenus. filiforme L. Syntherisma. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 535 Panicum fimbriatum Presl. Syntherisma. setigerum Fourn. Syntherisma. firmum Kunth. Oryzopsis. flavescens Sieb. Eriochloa. floridanum Trin. Paspalum. fluviatilis Nees. Sacciolepis. fragile Kunth. Leptoloma. francoi Steud. Oplismenus. »= frumentaceum Roxb. Echinochloa. »* frumentaceum Salisb. Holcus. furcellatum S. Moore. Paspalum. fuscescens Willd. Chaetochloa. dn fusciflorum Steud. Leptocoryphium. fuscum Sieber. Lasiacis. eavanianum Steud. Valota. eeniculatum Lam. Chaetochloa. } georgicum Spreng. LEriochloa. gibbum Ell. Sacciolepis. glaberrimum Ell. Chaetochloa. glabrum Gaud. Syntherisma. mississippiense Gattinger. Syntherisma. glandulosum Nees. Echinolaena. glaucescens H. B. K. Isachne. glaucescens Nees. Syntherisma. glaucescens Salzm. Chaetochloa. 9-0». \ glaucescens Willd. Isachne. glaucum L. Pennisetum. glaucum Rupr. Chaetochloa. glaucum Steud. Chaetochloa. flavescens Ell. Chaetochloa. purpurascens Ell. Chaetochloa. ¢.©%/ glutinosum Lam. Lasiacis. eracilentum Poir. Festuca. egracillimum Scribn. Syntherisma. grisebachii Nash. Lasiacis. erossum Salisb. Echinochloa. ; hamiltonii Kunth. Syntherisma. heteranthum Link. Echinolaena. hirtellum L. Oplismenus. « hirtellum Walt. Echinochloa. hirticalycinum Bose. Anthaenantia. hirticalycum Bose. Echinochloa. hirtum Willd. Isachne. hispidum Muhl. Echinochloa. } holciforme Steud. Echinochloa’ horizontale G. F. W. Meyer. Syntherisma. horridum Salzm. Echinochloa. humboldtianum Kuntze. Paspalum. humifusum Kunth. Syntherisma. hydrophilum Schult. Sacciolepis. hymenachne Desvy. Hymenachne. ichnodes Griseb. Ichnanthus. ignoratum Kunth. Anthaenantia. § baat HA ey Wes tere 536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Panicum imberbe Poir. Chaetochloa. Wena 4! immersum Trin. Axonopus. inaequivalve Kuntze. Paspalum. incertum Bose. Echinochloa. insulare G. F. W. Meyer. Valota. ischaemum Schreb. Syntherisma. isocalycinum Meyer. Homolepis. italicum L. Chaetochloa. jurgensenil Scribn. & Merr. Chaetochloa. Lo ft bi lachnanthum Torr. Valota. eee: laevigatum Lam. Chaetochloa. Wie *> laevigatum Ell. Chaetochloa. ects laevigatum Muhl. Chaetochloa. lagascae Kuntze. Paspalum. lagopus Willd. Eriochrysis. lagotis Trin. Ichnanthus. lanatum Rottb. Valota. lanatum Swartz. Lasiacis. sorghoideum Hamilt. Lasiacis. langei Fourn. Homolepis. laterale Presl. Olyra. leandri Trin. Brachiaria. leucites Trin. Syntherisma. leucocomum Scribn. Syntherisma. leucophaeum H. B. K. Valota. liebmannianum Fourn. Lasiacis. depauperatum Fourn. Lasiacis. lindeni Fourn. Ichnanthus. lineare L. Syntherisma. lineare Krock. Syntherisma. mississippiense Gattinger. Syuntherisma. linkianum Kunth. Syntherisma. litorale Kuntze. Paspalum. loliaceum Lam. Oplismenus. loliiforme Hochst. Mesosetum. longiflorum Trin. Homolepis. longisetum Torr. Echinochloa. longispicula Doell. Homolepis. lutescens Weigel. Chaetochloa. © macrostachya Nees. Chaetochloa. maculatum Aubl. Lasiacis. pilosum Fourn. Lasiacis. malacophyllum Kuntze. Paspalum. martinicense Griseb. Lasiacis. mayarense Wright. Ichnanthus. melicarium Michx. Panicularia. melicarium Muhl. Sporobolus. melinis Trin. Melinis. mexicanum Scribn. & Merr. Chaetochloa. 2 michauxianum Schult.’ Eriochloa. ‘ michauxii Poir. Eriochloa. minutiflorum Rasp. Melinis. molle Michx. Eriochloa. HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—TROPICAL NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 537 Panicum mollissimum Kunth. Syntherisma. monobotrys Trin. Paspalum. monostachyum H. B. K. Paspalum. montanum Poit. Ichnanthus. multinerve Desvy. Isachne. muricatum Michx. Echinochloa. ~ myosurus Rich. Sacciolepis. myurus Lam. Sacciolepis. neesii Kunth. Syntherisma, nemorale Schrad. Ichnanthus. nemorosum Swartz. Ichnanthus. nemorosum Willd. Echinolaena. nudum Walt. Leptoloma. nuttallianum Steud. Oplismenus. oaxacense Steud. Lasiacis. obtectum Presl. Paspalum. - occidentale Nieuwl. Chaetochloa. ©| WAN A PS onurus Willd. Chaetochloa. orinocense Willd. Lasiacis. oxyanthum Steud. Reimarochloa. pallens Swartz. Ichnanthus. palmeri Vasey. Ixophorus. palmifolium Poir. Chaetochloa. j» - paniculatum Kuntze. Paspalum. paniculiferum Steud. Chaetochloa. | paractaenoides Trin. Chaetochloa. «, (>s 2 a Zee parciflorum Steud. Oplismenus.. patentissimum Roem. & Schult. Festuca. penicillatum Willd. Chaetochloa, 44t\ltes ciel petrosum Trin. Thrasya. : phaeocarpum drummondianum Nees. Syntherisma. phaeothrix Scribn. Syntherisma. phleiforme Presl. Sacciolepis. pittieri Hack. Valota. plantagineum Link. Brachiaria. platyphyllum Munro. Brachiaria. plicatulum Kuntze. Paspalum. polyrrhizum Presl. Paspalum. polystachion Muhl. Chaetochloa. polystachyum Presl. _Hymenachne. praegnans Steud. Lasiacis. pringlei Vasey. Ixophorus. procerrimum Hack. Lasiacis. prorepens Steud. Oplismenus. pulchrum Willd. Axonopus. pungens Poir. Echinochloa. purpurascens H. B. K. Chaetochloa., radicosum Presl. Syntherisma. rariflorum Lam. Orthoclada. rariflorum Presl. Chaetochloa. restitutum Steud. Chaetochloa. ‘s rhizophorum Fourn. Lasiacis, rigens Swartz. Isachne. he oun INDEX. [Synonyms in italic. Page. PROTOS EOI aes ee ee cet hei scknissicczose ete vines 492 PAI PHS MAM see eice Bec Saws assis ie minle i oele 514 Gapillaniameeere ese see sees heehee tesa ewes 476 Comimibataeawsee sc seek eos se Sete C eee 524 WOLd OVENS Aer eee eens es See ease mele 525 IMichanineniMese sac e sas A eee cas Meee ee §12 DICHOTOM Ae Es ee asec oa ce ceeds e Mee ee nee 516 Michotomimorseesece see coc ssess- eee eee SOS 473 IDIMUSR EH eee esc ese. SEEN 480 EB ISHIOM Ameer eee sete EIN ei 522 (MASCI Clair sees eee LU STU o 467 Geminstaeseeeec 225 55.50) A ah ne: Ph PALS 465 Hymenachne frondescens....-.-------------- 500 TEDUGSOCHU OR So sieia sta onic ateinn see ueets 501 Tehnanthusiepiculatus.<-..---.-. 2052-2236. 525 TMD EN aYeST THI 5 cic, Aa Eee ie Hearne ea IS ss ah ape} AMM PINGSdseHe oe sce ss eee eee 528 ATVI AGICN ea eee eee ee fosanic 517 SienOd S22 ee see eee ee eee 492 NGUrAanN tM seca soe eos eee eeCnes 516 stenodoildes:....33 3052 tsS5e Seen eee 490 TTA CGNDkta op Pn a eee ie ae ER See 517 stéVensianiiM 2. 22.0252. 2032see0 ee 498 NOGALES 2 eee one see eee eee ac 523 stolonifermnt. 2 225222522 2 522 ee epee 500 ObiistiINlee sca eee seer ee asses 527 stramineum = 2222. 22220222 22522527 e nee 478 OLIVACE UT pee mere ome e a eee 520 SUTPOSMM oc a2 -2 2 22222 eee eee 514 OT MALUUTTI Ose See ee pee nee ee ea 519 SUCOSHID 2 ooo op2.0'sieae 2 =o ee eee 475 AMplell Mls sp opAces sab so adece anne beenceceas 516 ACMETUME & . 3 oc b= 2 dene ee 490 (ORIGIN RTT ite meme ae geeeee soe sere I= 466 tennesseense .. 5/2: 2/2245 22255824 eee nee eee 519 PATH PINGS I eee ee eer eae 478 feXANUM 50052525202 - 22325 25 oe 472 EGU a adone ecb snecececesneaamacne set 479 frichanthum =: .5..2)/--=2425 22 eee 505 DanvitoliuMoe =o. 0-22 - ec eae eee 9506 trichoides =... <: 2-525 2.23229 -e eee 504 Rin mpalbieS eee eames eoeaonaata enon 503 {Tigonuini =: :- 2.2278 2522 ee eee 512 DOLETHISSUIMUM = 22 = ew 510 tuerckheimits....-.-.2 2522. 652s eee 530 TR EUELLULT Le ea eee 522 UtOWanaAeUM - 2.222252 5.0es2 464 ROULOS TEE ee ere seo ere tee 495 VASCYANUIN. .. 2252252522025 =e ee 473 Olen (Teer ae eee eee See ee ae eee 484 venesuelaé <....-322-22--2222-28ee eee 510 pO lycatiloue seme ere eee? ee eee eee 513 villosissimum . 52 2.2e- 22> -5-=22 eee 521 oly Coudtid prea = ee eee aes 508 Virgatuts: .o222 2212-02 son ee 487 MURA CUAU 3 ow aoe eee eee saeaces sazaas 493 eubense. - - 2. 4208: 225 vee eee 487 [DOLTOUICEUSC = ee epee ema eee 022 Virgilloriii se: 226 seee es =o eee 502 PUIOWL ISS ete eee oe eis aia eee 529 viscidellum! = -ceteeh 2s: = 5: see 524 proliferum strictwm ..---. Se eee aeeewee 474 WHehtianin = eee ha ses eae 518 pseudopubescens.......----------------- 521 RAlAPENSe 2 =.= see eee e (Sos ee 513 pulchellum....---.----.-.--------------- 501 yadkinense. .. 9222-23 52s-= 55-52 ae 517 (DYMUARMON 210 «== rae =i 508 ZIZATNOIMES.. =. < sce Stee See ee ee 531 PAINS UMW ose ome oie eee eis soe AGS” | > Para srass:2 5-2 Mee sees = 2 ao eee 466 VE PCUSHR eens hs 22 - = 220-222 = esl 486° |) ‘Parvifolia)-. 22 Sssenenateee 22: eee 506 reptams.....----------------------------- 467 Parvi plgmin = sees = ae oo ae 502 TEHCUIAIUM, -. =---- 22 == ------ 932 -----m = 468,470") Pavrochaetiiim.- 2. -- 225. soe eee 463 VAT ATO Mee eee anes oie ea 5287029) ||) Pedicellata --—eeeee eeee 523 MOAN OKCHSO Mees oe ae ee = mnie O18 aI Seg paria es sa-cee cee e ae eee ae eee 523 RUROINI rie Ae Nope oS 2 esas 22 - Soe 511 Spliaerocalpa. = 2 se == ae 22-9 521 MO CCl es eee = 2 aaa gee are cle ae 511 Spreta ae. sec-ccres = 26ers 518 cyanea et - 3 hon gear ese bese: Sova seaccs 502: Stolonifera six. occ ceceeu- eae eee 500 SCHMEIC ZL a a meme = eee emer 502’ |-"Menera.: co: 2sesi-cs eke eee ee 490 Scoparium...--------------------------+- 524-15 (prichoidia. . - 225.09.2c2--0hacee ee 504 SONOrUM ..-.---------------------------- AIDE |e Varpeita Seco sears see = eee nee eee ee 486 sphaerocarpon.....--------------------- 521 Fy) be) ||| MUI 3 9088 00044 7664 T | lh | SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES . . fs rer e@ag Vara vt. ie erry ua soa $ wer ath eye ste ase apace rary het er 2: fais Hie nee ame '