fo a 4 5 (LN AE REE SON aR! REMARRIED RR REBELS. BE LOREM OE SEBO TDG ANSE DT RRS ATI SS ELLA SP CGT EY TERS SE TE EER SERRE TL SS) ELON, ARYELLE BIER SAO Cot = Rig 7 5 Beh on ARI rep 2 3 AD ‘a & ‘a ‘ae ay, ‘ae Whe . Plas a hgh te =, Tes, ie he Bey | . a ‘ " oY ia mie? ‘ : i “he . ; >) Neh 4 - ‘ ‘ ; ‘ mY 4 / wwe Urge je Tae ater WAY gM, Hef Daal ese / i ‘ ’ . f Sat f y Pweg } ‘ a | t } 5 * hi / i? Z ne tee ta ’ / Cia | t f capt ro het land, Ireland, France, Spain, | Cs, 4 : PROF. DAVID BENJAMIN MORGAN, V. S. As Born in Carmarthenshire, South Wales. Has traveled in England, Central America, Mexico, Canada, and of the United States. Permanent address, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Lee Ae ee ee oes oe = Scot- most PRINCE AND THE DOCTOR, This: is a good .picture of Prince, the off horse “in my feamiy eee has worn the silver tube in his throat for four years. Prince was foaled in Boone County, Arkansas, and before it was inserted he was a “‘roarer’’ and practically worthless, as he was afflicted with paralysis of the mnerves that control the involuntary muscles of the throat. The noble animal suffered a great deal before I inserted this tube, but since then has been able to breathe with ease and comfort. My experience convinces me that this is the only remedy for a bad ‘‘roarer,’’ although various sur- gical operations have been attempted, and some are claimed to be suc- cessful. When the cause is paralysis of certain merves it is unreasonable to claim that cutting away certain parts can remove the cause, or do anything more than partially alleviate the difficulties of breathing. TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. EDUCATING THE ee TREATMENT OF DISEASES Morgan’s Iwelve-Remedy System. DENTISTRY & CASTRATION. ALSO A SHORT TREATISE ON CATTLE, SWINE, DOGS AND CHICKENS, GIVING DISEASES AND REMEDIES. By PROF. DAVID B? MORGAN, V. S. TWO. HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS. Pee FAYETTEVILLE, ARK.: D. B. MORGAN, PUBLISHER. 1902. COPYRIGHT, 1902, BY D. B. MORGAN. All Rights Reserved. ee A eS RY RSTO. nee DANIEL T. MORGAN. Father of Dr. Morgan. < Cyc ? oe AEN Ke SEIS < coc ©. e €ee ce o c he, ee < ¢ coe € ‘ P c “ a? SS i ied c Ge Sex «< ec @e «¢. § @ .< 6 ene t € c *3* CEP SG SM es) OC CR GCE © '« c c c cee .c«¢ ‘ - 3 « ce « « Py oS ¢ Pt a“, cee < é c tran é 6. % ons af a! ce «ce S. Gite < ‘ Ce. , C8626 CE Sige gS 1c * fC ee et 6% o. a « . ‘ < be & NE © B'O4EE « Or % the «* ees Christian Fredonia Re -_- fal ‘‘A man of kindness to his beast is kind, But brutal actions show a brutal mind.’ Da. Me 6 Pe PREFACE. My greatest aim in preparing this book has been to make it as _ plain as possible for non-professional readers, and to give them infor- _ mation which is of the greatest importance to all horsemen. I have is endeavored to avoid all technical terms, and at the same time make oes ae as short as possible, as 6 —_ — _~SCsi this age of progression the farm- ‘ j ¥S — CoN : . SE ewe er and stockman have not the time ee oa Jia to devote to reading lengthy treat- : ises on diseases of domestic ani- mals. I. have given my own prac- tical ideas in giving the causes, symptoms and treatment of each disease—only copying from others where the same met with my ap- proval. a I do not offer this book with pre- tensions to literary merits, for writ- ing books is not my business, and beg from a scrutinizing public a charitable criticism for any short- | comings which may be discovered, ‘and yet, I feel quite confident that this work will meet with the hearty _ Companions. approval of all who would be wise Me Mor Pier own interests, as it is my object to be useful rather than to Ca. learned. A great many veterinary surgeons criticise me for traveling and lecturing on the diseases of the horse, and practicing in _ this manner, but I care nothing for their criticisms, as I am desirous of fulfilling (as I thiuk) my mission on earth by educating the peo- ie ple, and thereby bringing about a much needed reform in the proper treatment and management of the most valuable animal of the brute _ creation. I do not believe in the old-fogy methods practiced by some. oh an not work any schemes or fakes on the public, as I am sorry to say is the case with about one-half of the veterinarians that I have ae “met on the road, but when I once visit a town I can return to the 4 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. same town afterwards, with a feeling of pleasure, knowing that I have done some good in the place on my former visits. My reason for claiming that I am performing a laudable mission is that Iam trying to educate the public to the wants of the horse. The reason that the horse suffers so much is that his wants are not understood by the people. In the language of Hon. Geo. T. Angell, president of the American Humane and Education Society, ‘‘We speak for those who cannot speak for themselves.’’ ‘This great and good man is doing more good for the relief of suffering humanity and dumb animals than any living man today, and the paper published by him in Boston, Mass., under the title of ‘‘Our Dumb Animals,” CPDL AE ‘ ONS Oy ey. This is the skeleton of Bald Eagle, the Southwest Missouri Racer, articulated by Dr. Morgan, who carries it with him. should be taken by every family in this country, as its mission is *“To teach and lead every child and older person to seize every opportunity to say a kind word or do a kind act that will make some other human being or some dumb creature happier.”’ I have endeavored in this volume to give a short history of the horse. The anatomical structure of the horse cannot fail to be instruct- ive to all who feel interested in the beautiful animal, and I think it is so brief and plain that every one can understand it. I have devoted a chapter to the education and training of a horse, as the subject of train- ing horses has been for the past forty-five years attracting a great deal of attention, as it should, for no branch has been more neglected than this. A great many methods have been brought before the pub- > os " MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 5 lic for their approval, and a great many good books have been written ‘upon the subject, and a great many have been written by theorists, not <3 by practical horsemen. I have been induced by my friends and pupils a to write this chapter, giving to them my system of horse training, that they may ever have by them a manual of the art to aid them in their endeavors to subdue and train their horse, not by violence, but by kind- mess, which alone can overcome and contro! the nature of any animal. I have handled horses in the presence of thousands, and horses of every age, disposition and character have been my Litheers The uniform success which has attended my method is sufficient i guarantee that it the true way. I use nothing in subduing the horse but what is described in as plain language asI could use. Every horse ‘trainer, I believe, who has offered his services to the public, has issued 4 This is Kif Kif, the Arabian Horse which took the prize at Paris, France. his book, and a great many of them either stated in their books or in Ai their hole that certain'drugs must first be used to bring the horse, if wild or_vicious, into subjection. I contend that no horse can be thoroughly and effectually trained when under the influence of any drug or drugs, and, therefore, I use none but the simple and common- sense method I Bie here described, and am confident that if my method is faithfully carried out, any one else may become as _ success- | ful as I have been. No one would think of giving a person intoxicat- ae ing drinks or drugs, until the brain and mental faculties are stupefied, and then attempt to teach him to do something that is contrary to his _ nature. He might follow your directions and do as you require while - in this idiotic state, but when the influence of this spell thrown over him has passed off, how much will the memory retain of what you have been attempting to teach him? 6 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. The old method teaches to strap up one foot so that the horse can- not, under any circumstances, obtain the use of it in any stage of the training, which will, certainly at once, be understood by all sensible persons as perfect cruelty. By using such methods as this you govern only by fear, and the animal is only safe when controlled by the person who trained him or an experienced horseman. He must, also, lose much of that courage and noble and lofty spirit for which he is so re- markable, because of this influence. Every horse trainer naturally thinks his way the best, hence I claim my method superior to any other, for it is the only one that has stood the severest tests, and upon exami- nation and reflection it will be apparent to every person that it is the only sensible and practical method of successfully training horses. The different diseases of the horse and the operations of various kinds are treated upon, and in the castrations of the horse I have en- deavored to introduce new methods that will do away with the old and extremely cruel manner of, using clamps and searing with a ted hot iron. In the chapter that is devoted to the treatment of the teeth of horses, together with the different cuts, the author has tried to be so plain in the language used that every one can comprehend, as this branch of Veterinary Surgery has been neglected more than any oth- er. And it is hoped that the short treatise on cattle, dogs, chickens and hogs will be of use as well as interest. I have traveled for sixteen years and practiced in a majority of the States in the United States as well as some foreign countries, car- trying a very large collection of different anatomical specimens that I have collected during my travels, and also have one of the most com- plete sets of instruments in the United States, (traveling in my own wagon built especially for my business). The treatment given in this book for each disease can be relied upon as the best to aid non-professional horse owners in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as Morgan’s seven stock remedies have been sold on the market for fifteen years, and are recognized as the | standard, and I also show how to perform the most difficult opera- tions, thus fitting every man of common sense to treat his own horses. Maker of earth, and sea and sky, Creation’s Sovereign Lord and King; Who hung the starry worlds on high And formed alike the sparrow’s wing: Bless the dumb creatures of Thy care, And listen to their voiceless prayer. EMILY B. LORD. MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 7 ‘‘Remember, He who made thee, made the brute; Who gave thee speech and reason formed him-mute. He can’t complain, but God’s all-seeing eye ~ Beholds thy cruelty, and hears his cry.” ‘HISTORY OF THE HORSE. The beauty, grace and dignity of this noble creature, when in. ‘a properly developed state, are as marked as his utility. As an intel- - ligent animal he ranks next in scale to the dog, that other companion and friend to man. ‘Taking into consideration his usefulness, his at- tractive appearance and his intelligence, what is known of his history oe _ cannot prove unacceptable. In order to ascettain to a certainty, the country that can claim the proud distinction of having been the parent country, the birth place of this noble animal, re- course must be taken, primarily, to the pages of scripture as being the most an- . cient and authentic of all existing his- tory. By Ae to those pages, we find that although the ass was in early use among the children of Israel, the horse was unknown to them until after the commencement of their dwelling in Egypt. Strong evidence exists for the belief that he was not brought into sub- jection there until after their arrival. Clear it is at all events, that Arabia, which many have supposed to be the native home of the horse, did not possess him until within a comparatively recent period, while his introduction into Greece, and thence into the countries of Europe and Asia, where he is now found, either wild or domesticated, may be traced with much certainty to an Egyptian source. The first instance of horses being mentioned is in that most an- cient and authentic of all existing histories, the scriptures. The first notice may be found in Getesis, chapter XLVIII, verse 17: ‘‘And Joseph gave them (the Egyptians) bread in exchange for horses.’’ This was B. C. 1702, and is the first and earliest record we have. We are subsequently informed that they multiplied with great rapidity; for when Joseph removed his father’s remains from Egypt to Bee (B. C. 1670,) there went up with him ‘‘both chariots and horsemen,’ and we find that in a ‘century and a half after this period, the horse “ constituted the principal strength of the Egyptian army. At the time of the exodus, some fifteen hundred years before the Christian era, the | pursuing army contained six hundred chosen chariots and all the oe) TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. chariots of Egypt, together with all the horsemen, and when the Is- raelites returned to Canaan we find that the horse had been already naturalized in that country, since the Canaanites went out to fight against the Israelites with horses and chariots very many. We also know from the history of Homer and from ancient sculptures of Per- sepolis and Nineveh, that the horse was used for purposes of deanene for some time previous to his being ridden. From these considerations and from ae fact that so late as six hundred years after this date, Arabia still had no horses, it is by no means improbable that the shepherd kings of Egypt, whose origin is unknown, introduced the horse into Egypt, and that after this period that country became the principal herding district of this animal, whence he was gradually introduced into Arabia and other Asiatic countries. | From the same stock is doubtless derived the entire race in all the southeastern parts of Europe. As Egypt is not in any respect a favorable country for horse breeding, still less for his original existence in a state of nature, the source from whence he was first introduced into that country is in some degree enveloped in uncertainty; though the better * opinion, based upon much indirect testimony, is that he was a native of the - soil of Africa, which also was the parent country of the Zebra and Quagga—two similar animals. No record is extant of the precise period when the horse was first introduced into Europe. ‘The fre- quent wars between the Greeks and Persians were probably the means of introducing him into Greece, as we read that Xerxes, who invaded that country, had eighty thousand horses, principally chosen stall- ions; from thence it was a very easy matter for them to spread over the continent of Europe. The first Arabian horse introduced into England was during the reign of James I. In the oldest sculptures probably in existence—those removed by Layard from the ruins of Nineveh and illustrative of almost every phase of regal and military life, the horse is uniformly represented asa remarkably high crested, large headed, heavy shouldered animal, rather large boned, power- fully limbed, his neck clothed with elites of shaggy mane. Solomon was an admirer of horses, as well as good looking wom- en. B.C. 992: I Kings, chapter X, verse 28: ‘‘And Solomon had horses brought out of aype ’? In the 25th verse of the same chapter it speaks of the men bringing horses and mules (B. C. 992); and Sol- — omon had four théusand stalls for horses and chariots and twelve thousand horsemen whom he bestowed in the Chariot City and with — the kings at Jerusalem.—Chron., 9th chapter, 25th verse. MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. su0q [BSiIv}e}oW [[vVUSs 1ouUny Ly oO [VSIv}eJOM [[eVUIS 193noO OF auoq [esivyeyour osie’y Sp souoqd [esivy, by zy SN[VSeIISY OF SSS NN SS 0 SSS SS SS SSS STO[@) SQ 6 2S = BIGLL, Re == SSN RN J Dear NR en ee ee et INIT : | Wf, Pc WINJVUIMIOUUL SO Of St VE = a ras eye ‘aTApuos ae sepod s Saesos ee *Bo[YOOL SIMISPIZZNS SO || "‘JSO19 URVIIZJUVYI0I1-qus ‘SsomoOq prlowlessas gz S 12158 £2 “IOleIN sage ONL suo0g [edivovjJow [[eUs 19nUT onc ad agB[I}18O om0q [edivovjJoOM []vUIS 19]nO ‘amids om0q [edivoK}U oad1P’T ern -dvos jo ssa00id proov105 somoqg [edieQ ¢z zz 12 o@ 61 ‘OSE[I1VO WIOsISUy IMIOJISTIA SO MOQ j ‘OSR[IJIVO UIOJUTIEO snIped ‘3110 snisuny = SUIT. eindess SIOSIONT ‘[ ‘YSn} 10 oulNeD “H _ SQLI IS[VJ JO SOsv]I}IV_ ZI ‘TY}29], 12 [OW SQII os[ey II SQII INI] JO 9S6L[T}1B_ OI Sqii oni, 6 6 WINUId}S 8 WVIqs}19A [BasAo00H £ L TWNnIoVG 9 9 WiIGs}1I9A 1equin’y S S BVIGI19A [estog v Vv WAGIJIOA [VOTAIOD © Mel IOMO’T z WNiINe1D I aA é agONGEZO AOMGeDE ‘ISUOH HHL JO NOLWIMAS IVIOIMLIAV . ‘ou0q 1B[Nor -ABT SIL, “8 “papta -Ip 98¥][I}1e9 [epod ay 4 ‘syuomesty SUINIBI}Soy “9 ‘S ‘sojosnur Arosso9o -Oy ‘bv ‘€ ‘snzer0; -Iod oy, z ‘sue -I0jtod oy, ‘I “SOT _ aot tO SNOG -NHL WOxH TW 10 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. | oR CLASSIFICATION OF THE VARIOUS ORGANS; STRUCTURE OF. BONE; OF THE SKELETON IN GENERAL; NUMBER OF BONES COMPOSING THE SKELETON, WITH COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE ANATOM- ICAL STRUCTURE OF THE HORSE. The body of the horse, like all the vertebrate animals, may be considered as made up of several distinct apparatuses or systems. Of these, the first is a machine composed of the bony skeleton, or frame- work, the various parts of which are united by joints and moved be muscles. , Secondly, hiete ate contained supply the whole body with ‘the means of nutrition, in the form of blood, and purify this fluid. | Thirdly, in the abdomen are organs which assimilate the food to the condition of the blood; while in the adjoining cavity, the pelvis, are the urinary and generative apparatuses. | may be considered as comprising the grand centre of the mental fac- ulties, and also as presiding over and controlling the whole of the keane performed by the several organs; and Fifthly, certain special organs, as for example, those of sense, and likewise, the foot will complete the circle. The (ane are coinposed of a tissue peculiar to them, cine by a membrane, the periostem. They contain a semi-fluid of a fatty nature, the marrow, and pierced in various directions by blood ves- sels and nerves. | The skeleton is composed of two hundred and forty-seven sepa- rate bones, which are united by joints to form the spine, thorax, pel- ~ vis, tail, and fore and hind extremities. The spine is finished anteri- otly by the head, which is divided into the cranium and face, and contains the teeth. Suspended from the head is the os hyoides, within the thorax the organs which presented to view the important Fourthly, the nervous system — PRED MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. i, 5 aN which complete the number of bones. Thus: The spine consists of 7 cervical, 18 dorsal, and 6 lumbar—vertebre, total........ 21 The thorax i is made up of the dorsal vertebrae, with 18 ribs on each side, and the Maen rereuaity autie middle, totaly tye et ye See oo mie a eee patent a7 The pelvis comprises 2 ossa innominata (or iliumischium, and pubes,) and ox ee CE anata esate, MRI el et Mt SM ee ea lis als a _ The tail contains, on the ERATE Ci Ate ay IAEA BES pn Me! s 2dUy a yy Pinta ons da > ops brane Woah cs 17. _ The fore extremity is made up on each side of the scapula, humerus, os brachii, - and 8 carpal bones, 3 metacarpal, os suffraginis, os coronz, os pedis, os Haviculare, 2 ossa sesdamoidea, total'on both sides...) 20.2.4... 2. ee dees 4O The hind extremity has the femur, patilla, tibia, fibula, 6 tarsal bones, 3 meta- _ tarsals, os suffraginis, os corone, os pedis, os naviculare, 2 ossa sesamoidea, Ee a Mem anthem Wr Ca Ye ee aie oie Sh dig de le Di Ses Bones of the cranium............: gaa ie 18, Re Race eR Uy Sat pie ite) meee LPN TACO VAN MOWER JAW G40 ia) oS an ees eae ee Vere ee dee Deas 18 aN ee ee PR Ae yi a rN eon 8 ott Poe 40 eon ficantertal car Aim cachvorgan 22600) ns he es Dee ee 8 _ Os hyoides, or bone of the tongue, made up of five sections................-.-5- 5 ee ree GhEy er ese em Se ae ior ae ERS Sole a co ding, lim latle ue 247 “The following full and comprehensive description of the anatom- ical structure of the horse cannot fail to be instructive to all who feel a interested in this beautiful animal, and I think it is so brief and plain that every one can understand it: ‘SECTION OF THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS, WITH THE INTESTINES AND LIVER REMOVED, AND LONGITUDINAL SEC- TION OF THE THORAX, ETC. A. The Stomach. b. ‘Spleen. c. Left kidney. d. Broad ligament of the “uterus, with left cornu and ovary displayed. e. Rectum. f. Anus. g.h.i. j. k. 1. - Internal muscles of the thigh. 1. Occiput. 2. Cerebellum. 3. Cerebrum. 4. Nasal membrane. 5. Tongue. 6 6. Cervical vertebrae. 77 7 7. Spinal cord. 8. - Pharynx. 999. CHsophagus. Io. Cardiac orifice of the stomach passing through the diaphragm. II. Pylorus. 12 12. Posterior surface of the diaphragm. 13 I3. ' Trachea.» “14. ‘Lungs. 15. Heart. TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK, GyttttFOta WEES. LET City ip POOL TSSLET , Lefts bast . OS ye SALULL Ses dz jill GME: fl" “yutof yoy “Ib ‘anog [edivoejay «ob «= ‘aan “BE ‘punoq-jooyy ‘gt. Yurof: ugjoa = +2 JOOH = pesopunoy ‘9f ‘auoqsury joywag -S¢e "S[99H] asvainy ‘pe "SOYOWVING "€E “yuIof ussjseq ‘ze ‘suopuay ‘1€ “Sunids-s9uyy ‘of = ‘aug IB[NOIABN 67 “SHOd [USIEWIOW "gz ynndg---2z-*qana oz ‘uraedsg amog jo ya *Gz “OOH Jo yuo ‘bz SIIFD PUIM JO JB9G “fz *[Iog a0yg jo BIS ‘2 "OOH dey iz ‘sntpey jo SNOLUIIa 7 ‘oz «‘yu1of aymg 61 ‘utAeds S0g 10 poolg ‘SI TFB, jo -souog “Zr ‘sqry aniy ‘91 ‘JPABN ‘ST ‘ouOg mnNIJOBg “hI ‘anog 3458 ew one ‘sAOUpIy “ZI “yue_y 11 "JSPJIUS JO yeas ‘OL “BINjShy JO Jas Jo ‘s1yM “6 ‘sanog [eaLA29. 8) Peds oe Mee 6 ees jooseq "S “yIqIQ ‘h ‘peaxy BIg Jo qwas aL ‘€ “SIOSIOUT I9MO’T *z ‘stostouy 1oddq i ~~ ARTIST MONTROSE AND HIS RIDER. The author takes pleasure in presenting the above picture, engraved especially for this work, of Artist Montrose, winner of first prize at St. Louis in 1889, and sweepstakes at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. I saw him at the World’s Fair, and he seemed to me to be the no- blest, handsomest and proudest specimen of horse flesh I ever saw. He was then and is now owned by Judge A. F. Wyckoff, of Appleton City, Mo., who has been offered large sums for him, but the Judge is too great a lover of the beautiful animal to think of parting with the champion sad- dle horse of the world. The rider in the picture is Jeff Bridgford, of Paris, Mo., who trained and rode Artist Montrose to victory, and on the day fol- lowing, the old gentleman, 71 years of age, was awarded first prize as the best rider of the world. HARRY B. MORGAN AND DUKE. Heury B. Morgan is a brother of Dr. D. B. Morgan, and is his able assistant and understudy. ‘‘Duke’’ is my favorite horse. His intelligence is almost human, and his disposition is simply perfect. He was never known to do anything wrong. When I first picked him up in Benton County, Arkansas, he was a mere wreck or frame of a horse, simply because he had one long tooth which caused him intense pain, and prevented him from masticating his food. This was soon remedied, and from that day to this ‘‘Duke’’ has been telling every horse he meets how the Doctor relieved him of his suffering. | ) MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 15 x _ TRAINING HORSES. The training of horses is a matter of great nicety. They are trained for various purposes, hut mostly for our convenience and pleasure, or for the trans- portation of our goods. In olden times burdens were transported from place to place on the backs of pack-horses, and they are so used in Spain now. I have seen fifteen or twenty in one row bringing charcoal from the mountains. In those days they A Noble Head. = ‘were used thus in the mountainous regions, and all journeys were made on horseback. As improvements took place in toads, vehicles suitable for the carriage of goods and persons and drawn by horses in harness were substituted for these methods, and it was necessary to teach the horse differently, rendering his training more difficult and quite an art. With the improvement made in the breed of the horse since the days of the pack and riding saddle, a great change has also taken place in the management and training of this noble animal. The former methods were not only seriously defective, but absolutely injurious. The mode of breaking a young horse was not merely hurt- ful to him and dangerous to the person performing the operation of _ training, but cruel in the extreme. Frequently, without being accus- tomed to the bridle or any incumbrance, he was mounted, and if he refused to comply with the wishes of the rider, the young horse, ignorant and alarmed, was unmercifully beaten; he was jerked by the head backward and forward, until becoming wild with fright, he dashed off and often unseated his rider at a single bound. I have known many instances in which, at the outset, the animal went off kindly, and the injudicious rider continued the exercise until the horse was completely jaded down and dispirited. A horse, if taken early, can be rendered perfectly tractable and docile by tender and kind treatment. I give in these pages the only true and practical ‘method, and if my plan, here given, is faithfully carried out, it will in every instance, be successful in taming and thoroughly subduing the most stubborn and vicious animal. Observation and experience teach that the horse is possessed of as much, or more acuteness of the senses as man, and that his nature is governed by fixed laws. Know- ing this, our success in controlling and managing him will depend ~ , 16 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. upon the amount of prudence and intelligence we exercise in conform- ity to the requirements of his nature, and the advantages we take of his ignorance to impress him with a sense of our power and suprem- acy. The horse is stronger than man, and if he learns to resist and is successful in resisting, he will ever continue to do so. He will acquire bad habits only so far as he discovers we are unable to compel submission. The secret of managing and training horses lies in man’s mental and intellectual superiority. The superiority enables us to devise and use means to overcome the strength of the horse, and it is only by the resources of the mind that we can effectually keep him in ignorance of his strength. Impress him with a feeling of man’s power and superiority, and cause him to yield willing and ready obedience to our ! commands. We must conform to his nature so as not to excite resistance in him, and not let him comprehend the possibility of resistance, and must so dis- concert and control him that he will be impressed with the great- est force of man’s supremacy and power. ‘The horse takes man for just what he proves himself by his actions. Man doubts and fears because he reasons. The animal, reasoning from experience alone, will doubt and fearonly as taught by our actions toward him. If these are uniform in kindness and trust, there will be corresponding trust and confidence on the part of the animal, as he associates with man’s presence a feeling of security and protection; and this because he has not been taught by deception to doubt. The horse becomes in the character of his habits just what he is made—in exact propor- tion to the teaching and example to which he has been subject. PATIENCE, PERSEVERANCE AND KINDNESS are the only drugs to be used, and rightly used, these are the most powerful known, the influence of which does not pass off in a few moments, leaving your animal in a state of stupidity and ignorance of what you have been teaching him. You also preserve all his natural spirit and pride. He 1s taught by kindness that you are his master, and he will take pride in showing you he appreciates this kindness, and the highest spirited horse will be safe, even in the hands of a lady or child, for he ~ will associate mankind with a feeling of security from all dangers or harm. He will yield instant obedience to your orders, for he loves praise and admiration, and you should always pet and caress your © MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. Ly horse ee he has done you a service, as much as you would a child, for he is a child as far as mind is concerned, compared with man, and nothing else, unless you teach him by cruelty that he is superior to you not nly in strength but in brains. No person with any brains at all will ever treat a member of the brute creation with cruelty. Treat your horse with uniform kindness, and he will ever be your willing and obedient servant. Never punish or strike your horse without his knowing what it is for; then let him understand fully that it is intended as a punishment, and you will not soon be obliged to repeat the chastisement. Use patience, perseverance and kindness in the place of foot-straps, drugs and whips, and you will meet with the full- Best SUCCESS, and be assured that it is far easier to rule by love than a fear * Ihave sever ‘yet failed in a single fers ENG... instance, to teach the tricks which I shall ANY ae \ sive in the methods laid down, in from one to five lessons. Let your lessons be ie =SB= short and frequent. Always have some- ) _ thing in readiness that your horse is fond ee ls oases of to give him after each lesson, that he will be paid for doing well; and what he learns he will not forget, as there is a reward ever in His mind. Owing to the great improvements made in the training and disci- -pline of the horse, he becomes attached to the habits and manners to which he has been accustomed. He apparently delights “ia {He noise and tumult of arms, and faces the enemy with alacrity and resolution, equally intrepid as his master; he encounters danger and death with ardor and magnanimity. But itis not in perils and con- flicts alone that he willingly co-operates with his rider. He takes part in human pleasures; he excels in the tournament and chase. He not only yields to the hand, but seems to consult the inclinations of his rider. Uniformly obedient to the permission he receives, he flies or stops, and regulates his motion entirely by his master’s will—in a measure, he renounces his very existence to the pleasures of man; he delivers up his whole powers—he reserves nothing—and often dies rather than disobey or endanger his master. But all this he does, not because it is any pleasure or profit to the horse, but simply because of a sense of duty, just as a sense of duty impels the soldier to suffer all the hardships of forced marches, short rations, inclement weather and the dangers of the battlefield, rather than any pleastre he takes in what he does. The more you train your horse the more he is worth. Look at Dan Rice’s old horse—the large sum he was offered for him. It 18 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. wasn’t for the horse that they offered it—for the poor old animal was blind in one eye and had a spavin; but it was for his education. Educate your horse. If the mare is educated, the colt will be easier taught. ‘This is why the Arabian horse is so intelligent. The Ara- bians think as much of their horses as they do of their children in the house, and talk to them as they do to their children. A man should treat his horse as a child. He can’t speak and tell what he wants; he a Riding and Driving Bridle. depends on man for everything. If you mistreat your horse, I think your chances for heaven are very poor; it is one of the greatest sins on eatth. Remember, farmers and horse-owners, your old horses after they have worked for you fifteen or twenty years. Take care of them. Don’t sell them to any one who has not feed to give them. I have heard men say: ‘I only want the old thing to raise this crop, after that I don’t care if he dies.”’ Don’t do that, but feed MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 19 him and treat him kindly for what he has done, or kill him and let him go to ‘‘horse heaven.”’ In the commencement of his training you should show your horse | just what you wish him to do, and then by kindness compel him to obey you. Horses, it is true, are as varied in their disposition and intelligence as men, almost, and sometimes, when the horse who has long been without a master, is your pupil, it seems that something more than kindness will be required to subdue him. Patience and perseverance added to kindness will render your efforts successful, and hence it is necessary that your lessons should be short and repeated frequently, and he will, by these frequent and repeated les- sons, soon find that resistance is useless and become a willing subject _to man’s mental and intellectual superiority. Bear in mind, at all times, that the horse cannot reason as you do, that he has not been endowed with this power, and try to use the patience and reason in teaching and controlling him you would, at least, believe necessary for yourself to understand, if placed in like circumstances. The horse does not realize what kindness is, and it is admitted that a good, clever man can teach a horse almost anything, while a master who is cruel to his animal cannot teach him, and in ninety-nine times out of a hundred will ruin a horse that is naturally of a docile disposi- tion. If you wish to be successful in your enterprise of training a horse, treat him as you would a child whom you were instructing— when the horse has performed what you desire of him, pet and caress him for it. Give him something from your hand—a taste of some- thing he is fond of—and by this you show him that he has fulfilled your requirements and deserves a reward. You would not think of _ turning the child off, after doing what you had requested of it, with- | out showing him, in some way or by some means, that he had done right. | a You should not iettca: your horse. He does not fear anything _ that he understands to be harmless, and great pains should be taken to familiarize him with and make him examine and smell of such things as are likely to frighten him, and let him comprehend that they are harmless. Anything that is regarded by the horse with sus- picion, he should be allowed to approach cautiously and slowly, and examine the nature of the object in his own way, allowing him to un- derstand fully by smelling and breathing, and touchnig it with his nose, that it is harmless and inoffensive. Familiarize him with your training room before you begin with him, and it will materially assist you. When you approach him with anything let him examine it 20 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. PRM TAN es Leslie NEMA E AOI Tae Ss RIE, Se Dac NEN RSS AP thoroughly and be satisfied it is not intended to harm him, and you will get along much faster. With these preliminary remarks, I will proceed with the ioe tions to be followed in training the young colt or unbroken horse. HOW TO APPROACH, HALTER AND LEAD THE WILDEST COLT OF ANY AGE WITHOUT DANGER. First, put him in an inclosure about twenty feet square. Have it high, so that he will not or can not jump it. Turn him loose, then get in with him. Have a four- horse whip with about a ten- foot lash in your hand. When you approach a wild horse he will turn his heels toward you; then use your whip on him until he turns his head to you, then stop whipping. ‘That lets him know he has done right. _ Speak kindly to him, pat him 7 on the head or side of his neck, thus teaching him which end the halter goes on. Now walk off from him, speak to him gen- tuns away, keep after him and whip him until he turns his head to you again, and then pet and praise him. ‘This. soon teaches him that. if he stays with you, you will not hurt him; that you are his friend as well as his master. Then you can put your halter on him and lead him around quietly. Now by being kind to him you form Fence ele his acquaintance; he gets to like you, and he will do anything in his power to please you, and all he asks is a kind word from you. When a horse is well whip-broken, the work of taming him is half done. You can train a horse in tae : way in three days so he will follow you up-stairs or down, or any place he can go. It is not practicable to use the whip in breaking a gentle colt, or one that is halter-broke, unless you want to make a trick horse of-him, but it is the only practical way to break broncos | or wild colts that you cannot get up to safely. tly, and tell pee to come~ Ti he: follows you, pet him; but if he on ey RR Bata ont? nV ‘: MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 21 The next thing I teach him is about the bit, so he will turn right ot, left as you wish. You take a small cotton rope about twenty feet in length, double it in the middle, then take the double where it forms a loop and tie a knot there; then, about a foot from that, tie another knot; then put this loop in his mouth on the upper jaw; then take the second knot and draw his ‘‘top knot’? through it; then double the ropes, bringing one rope on one side of his head and the other on the '- other; cross them under the jaw five or six times, then bring both ‘ at i { Ten Cent Driving Bridle. Teaching Colt to Right or Left. ends through the loop in the mouth; then draw the ends back, for reins. Now you have a complete bridle. With this a horse can’t run a tod with you. You then take your leather reins and tie them to the ends of the ropes and let them hang loose around him, leaving them out of the rings of the harness so you can pull him around as you please. Let him get used to the bits on both sides alike. The trouble with a young colt is, not being used to the bit, in pulling to turn him from right to left or left to right, the bit pulls through the mouth. With this rope, this is impossible; as when the rope is pulled — it will tighten on the jaw and not slip. The colt should be driven _. with the harness, and taught the word ‘‘whoa’’ with the ‘‘W”? attach- ae \ : : ia 22 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. ment, before being hitched up to the cart. When vou can turn him tight and left satisfactorily, get a two-wheeled cart and hitch him up, and instead of urging him to start straight ahead, take your reins and turn him right or left, and he will start off at once. Keep the reins out of the rings on the back band; this gives you a chance to get the advantage of him on one side or the other. This is an anti-bucking, anti-kicking and anti-run-away bridle. The next thing to teach him is the meaning of the word ‘‘whoa,”’ so he will stop at the word; then, if anything goes wrong all you have to do is to speak the word distinctly and he will stop at once. Take a surcingle and put it — CA on your horse with three rings on it about six inches apart. Let them hang under him, then take two foot-straps with a ring on each one, buckle on the front feet, take a small rope about twenty feet long, take one end of the rope and run it through the first ring in the surcingle then down through ring in the foot-strap on through middle ring in the surcingle down to the other ring in the foot strap, then up to the third ring and ~ tie. Then take hold of the loose end of the rope and have the assistant take hold of the halter and lead the horse. When you want to, say ‘‘whoa!’’ and if he don’t stop, pull the rope _ and down he goes on his knees. ~ By the time you drop him two venga te eats or three times he will Stop. ate once when vou say the word. Then take the rope and wind it around his hind legs; if he kicks, drop him down till he gets so he don’t care what you do with him. I break a kicker the same way. You can put it on a Tunaway and if he undertakes to run, drop him down. After you drop him once or — twice all you have to do is to say ‘‘whoa!” to him and he will stop at once. This is called:the ‘‘W’’ attachment, for it has the shape of © MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. | 22 that letter. If you have a horse that is hard to catch in the field, put the ‘‘W”? attachment on him and tie forty or fifty feet of rope to it and let it drag after him. Tie a ring to the rope to keep it from slip- ping through the first ring and getting loose around his feet. Walk up to the end of the rope and speak to your horse, telling him to come to you. If he starts to run drop him on his knees and halloo “whoa!” Use him once or twice that way and when you go out to the field and tell him to come to you he will come right along. He is afraid to run for he thinks vou will drop him. You can put this at- tachment on the most vicious horse and handle him in perfect safety. Showing Horse Thrown to Knees. “HOW TO TIE A COLT IN A STALL THE FIRST TIME. Take a sinall rope and double it, and put the loop under his tail, cross it over the back, bring it in front of the breast and tie the ends together. Take your halter strap, bring it through the ring in the manger, and tie the loose end to the rope in front of his breast. It pulls on the head and tail at the same time. Another way—take a rope fifteen feet long, tie it around his body in a running noose, bring the loose end of the rope in between his fore legs, then Bbaeh the ring in the halter, and tie it to the manger. This plan will break the worst halter- puller tiene 1s) RIDING “VHE, COLT, First have him well bridle-broken, then buckle a strap with a ting in it to one of his fore feet. Take a rope and run it through the ring in the foot-strap up to the girth of your saddle and tie it. Hold the other end in your hand and cause him to slip forward and pull the feet wp snugly tq the bodv. If he struggles, hold’ the foot. wp strong and pull him toward you until he becomes quiet; then make 24 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. — the motion to mount. He will be frightened and try to get away from you, but by holding the foot in position you teach him to bear a - weight on his back, and soon he will allow you to mount him. Then sit back further and further until you give him a trial the whole length of the body. Repeat the exercise a few times. If he strug- gles, throw him again on three legs. He will soon become quiet. Then commence turning him right and left, then take off the rope and strap and give him more practice. Ina short time you will have ~ him so that any one can ride him in perfect safety. Mode of Tying a Horse that Pulls Back. HOW) LO) START yA “BAIN SENOm ods). Take a small rope, tie it around his body about the flanks, bring the rope under the belly band on between the fore legs and tie it to the end of the wagon tongue. Put a stay chain on your true horse, speak to him to go, then your balker gets a very pressing invitation to go; and after you have started him this way a few times he _ be the first to start. Another way. Puta strap on one of his fore feet, tie a rope to it, then to the end of the wagon tongue, and start your true horse— the balker is compelled to come. Another way. Take a rope twenty feet long, double it in the middle, put the loop under the tail, cross it over the back, bring both ends, one on each side of the neck, to the tongue of your vehicle, then he can’t jump back. Start your true horse and the balker will come with him. | | ‘ee 4 © hy MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 25 (a Ip BS Another Way of Tying a Horse that Pulls Back. Also Shows Manner of Tying Rope on Balky Horse, to Attach to Wagon Tongue, Omitting Running through the Halter. Now I will show you how a horse is taught the bad habit of balking. Here you will again see the evil of using a ‘‘caress’’ at the Getting the Horse Accustomed to the Ropes around His Legs. wrong time; doubtless you have used it the same way. A horse is taught to balk nineteen times out of twenty, when first hitched to the 26 TWENTIETH CE NTURY. HORSE BOOK. wagon. Most generally you will see a man, if he wants to break a colt well, hitch him by the side of a gentle, well broken, good pulling horse, and not make any allowance for the colt; put on load enough for two well broken, good pulling horses, not thinking that the old horse, whom we will call ‘‘Old Reliable,’’ would have to do all the work. ‘‘There,’’? he says, when he has finished his load, “you can’t run with that, young colt.’ He then gets on the load with his big whip, with a new cracker on it, in his hand, and starts his team. The colt lunges and pitches in the collar, for it is new to him. Well, ‘“Old Reliable’? takes the load, colt and all, till they come to a mud Mode of Conquering a Vicious Horse, by Throwing Him down with the ‘“W" At- tachment, Holding Him there until He Gives up. hole, or some bad place where it takes two good horses to get through. ‘‘Old Reliable’’ does all he can, but the colt jumps into the collar, and if it don’t come in an instant, he flies back. ‘‘Here I am, stuck in the mud and that colt won’t pull a pound. Well, Pl get down and coax him a little.’ So down he gets, looks all around, sees nothing is broken, then commences at the colt’s head and car- esses him all over. That is, telling him he is doing just right by standing still and not pulling a pound. Well, he gets up and triés it again; slashes away at the colt with his whip, which causes him to lunge and pitch, but no go. He gets down and caresses the colt again. The colt now thinks that he has been whipped for trying to MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 27 pull and is being caressed for standing still. The driver comes to -the conclusion that he will unload, so off goes the load and ‘‘Old Re- | liable’’ pulls them out. As soon as they are on good ground the colt commences pulling on the single-tree to keep it from touching his legs. Now, he thinks he got the whipping for pulling, and of course thought it was wrong to pull, and forever afterward he is a balker. If colts are used right there will be no balky horses. Inexperienced drivers make balky horses. Showing rope around hind legs, familiarizing him with the rope, so that he will ‘not : be touchy should anything get against his legs by reason of something break- er ce } ; ing, or in case he gets over the traces, but will stop at the word ‘‘whoa.”’ i te HOW TO BREAK A SWITCHER. What I mean by a ‘‘switcher’’? is a horse that will run away or kick when he gets the lines under his tail. When you put your horse in the stable at night take a piece of broom-stick about eight inches in length, make a hole in each end, then tie a cord in each end, put a surcingle on and put the stick under the tail, bringing the cords up to the surcingle and tying them. ‘He will grip the stick with all his power and do considerable kicking and switching at first, but you will find him perfectly docile in the morning. He will hold up his tail to let the stick drop out and if after that he ever gets the lines un- der his tail he will hold that appendage high for fear they will stay under there all day. This will break any of them. 28 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. TO KEEP A HORSE FROM JUMPING. Take a piece of leather wide enough to cover both eyes and sew it around them to each side of the halter. Let it cover the eyes well;. cut the holes in the leather for him to see through; take screen wire (like that used on doors to keep out flies,) sew it over the holes so the animal can look through the wire screen. All horses that jump must get their heads over the fence to see where they are going to jump to. When he looks over he won’t jump when he has this wire screen on because he sees a wire fence as high as he can look. ‘This will break any jumper from the habit. PAWING AND KICKING IN STALLS. Some high-strung and irritable horses are restless even in the stable and paw frequently and vio- lently. They are literally destroyed, the floor of the stable broken up, their shoes worn out, their feet bruised and their legs sometimes sprained. A horse that kicks in the stall or at other horses or at people as they pass behind him is very dan- gerous. This simple method is a. ‘sure way of breaking him of this bad trait. ‘Take a breast-chain or other piece of chain about two or two and a> half feet long, tie or buckle around the hind leg if he is a kicker, and if a pawer around the fore leg, and when he paws or kicks the chain will wrap around his leg and soon teach him to quit the trick. | : ie t e —— G ® ——$— 4 @ ———— Le, O™—) =. Wy TO TEACH A HORSE TO LIE DOWN. After having used the ‘‘W’’ attachment and taught the horse to drop on his knees, start up the left front foot to the surcingle, lead the horse to an old straw stack or some place where the ground is soft, then tie a rope in the ring on the right front foot and bring rope up over the shoulder. Cause the horse to start forward and by pulling on the rope throw him to his knees. Hold rope tight and pull him over, After doing this and while the horse is down caress him and reward him in some way for doing this. Use the controlling bridle in handling, also speak to him and command him to lie down, tap- MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 29 ping him on the front legs with a whip. It will not be very long un- til he will obey and do as you order him to do. SIMPLE BRIDLE. Take a small rope fifteen feet long, double in center over back of ears, bring down on each side and cross in the mouth. Bring the ! two ends back for the felis. “This; cai .-be used together with the ordinary bridle and by using it no horse can tun away. It is very handy in training run- ning horses. The only trouble with the bridle is that if the rider does not. hold. thes )teims tight the rope is lia- ble to drop out of the mouth. This can be overcome by tving two small rings, one on each side of the corner of the mouth and after crossing the rope in the mouth bringing the ends of the rope through ese tings; by doing ie it can be used as a permanent bridle. 4 Simple Bridle. ANTI-KICKING OR BITTING BRIDLE. Take a small cotton rope, twenty-five feet long, double in the middle, grasp this with one hand and take up another strand of the rope. You will then -have three strands in your hands. ‘Take up one end of rope and tie around the ends of these three strands, leav- ing a small loop on the outside, and do so on the other end. Then separate these three strands and place two behind and one in front of ears for a brow-band. ‘Then bring the ends of rope down through the mouth and up on each side of the head through the loops on each side of ears and back for reins. This bridle can be used as a bit- ting rig by having a surcingle on and fastening the reins back into 30 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. = the surcingle, but as an anti-kicking bridle in single harness the ends of rope (after the bridle is made and put on) pass through the turrets on each side, and have ring put on the harness where; the “ips imap passes through the back band on top; bring both ends of rope through this” ring, then bring the ends of the rope down and make fast to the shaft on each side. “This prevents a horse kicking while in the harness, as when he attempts to kick up the rope pulls his head up, thereby preventing him | kicking, as no horse can kick when his head is held up. ‘This is used in connection with the ordinary driving bridle and does not interfere with it. PLD ic sidcasmepes i) Anti-kicking or Bitting Bridle. TRACHING. | "LO. SITY UP After your horse lies down readily you may teach him to sit up. This can generally be done by using the controlling bridle, and as he is lying down, take a short hold and say, ‘‘sit up,’? and cluck to him. As he puts his fore feet out to get up, say ‘‘whoa, boy,’’ and push back upon the bridle, which will probably stop him in that po- sition. ‘Then caress him, and let him up before he gets uneasy, goes down or jumps up; make him lie down immediately, and repeat the efforts. After a few trials of this kind he will obey your command, and will improve very fast if you are patient and careful with him. Don’t try to. teach him to sit up on a floor covered with staw, as it works off and bruises his hocks. It may be necessary to use more force in. getting your horse in a sitting position; if so, place upon him a strong collar, and attach to each hind leg, below the fetlocks, a nice- ly fitted strap with rings on. Now make him lie down and tie the ends of a rope fifteen feet long to the rings and pass it between his fore legs, draw upon the rope tightly so as to bring the hind legs well under him and fasten to the collar in such a way as to be easily loosened. Now take him by the bridle, as at first, and say, ‘‘sit up,’’ ° and as he raises into a sitting posture, he is held there. After hold- MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 31 ing him in this way for a short time, make him lie down again, loosen the rope for a few minutes to rest him, then repeat, after which allow him to get up. Ina few days he will obey the word of command quite readily. — : CONTROLLING BRIDLE. This bridle is used to break and control horses. By its use a horse can be controlled and taught not to be afraid of any object. Take a small rope twenty feet long. ic, around) . the neck in the ordi- nary way,.so that it will not tight- en around’ the neck; passing loop through this rope around the neck, fasten over the under jaw, bringing end back a i LOVED toprol Head. Controlling Bridle. back of the eats. ees it under the upper lip over the teeth and then back into the loop of the rope that passes over the head. The most vicious horse can be controlled by this bridle, as it is so severe, and any colt can be taught to lead by its use. If the horse rears up slacken the rope or he may go over backward and injure himself. TRACHING: TO {SAY °*NO.”? Drive a strong pin through the butt end of your whip. Stand by his near shoulder, facing the same way as your horse, with whip straight up. Get his attention, and then raise the butt end of your whip and prick him lightly on the top of his neck, where the collar would rest. This will make him shake his head, for which you must never forget to caress. By keeping this up for a few days, you will have him so finely broken that he will shake his head when. the top of the whip is dropped a little to the left of you, without even lifting in the least the hand holding it. No one can tell how you make him perform this so nicely, which is the beauty of it. It is no \ 32 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. pleasure for me to see a man perform with a horse, when I can catch him giving the signals. It does not show fine training. Be careful and don’t overdo it, or you are liable to spoil the horse. ANTI-RUNAWAY AND ANTI-KICKING BRIDLE. Anti-Runaway’ and Anti-Kicking Bridle. This is put on in the same manner as the controlling bridle, around the neck; standing on the left side of the horse, grasp the rope close up to the knot that ties around neck, with right hand, take the left hand and pass rope over the head back of the ears, around © through the mouth and back into the loop held in the nght hand, pass rope back under the upper lip over the teeth. Then pass the rope through under the rope on right side of head and then under rope around the neck, then pass back through the turrets on the back band and into the wagon or buggy, then put on the regular driv- ing bridle and the bit of same will hold this rope in place. If the animal attempts to run or kick, by quick short jerks on the rope you will pull his head up and make it impossible for him to do either. TEACHING TO, WALK UPON . THE HIND LEGS. A horse to perform this feat well should be rather strong over the back and in the hind legs, or puffs or spavins are liable to be thrown out. Take a blunt bow-top whip, stand nearly in front of him, hold- ing him by the bridle or halter, so that he cannot turn from you, tap MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 33 him lightly under the chin and say, ‘‘up.’’ Should he show any sign of rearing, caress and repeat. You may increase the blow under his chin as he gets a better idea of what you want of him. When he will get pretty straight up you may step back coaxingly and say, “come boy,’ or cluck to him to make him take a few steps. By working him for a few days in this way, a little while at a time, he will be taught to walk off readily. TEACHING TO MAKE A BOW. Stand close by your horse’s near shoulder and hold him with your left hand by the bridle or halter. Take a pin in your right hand and at first prick him lightly in the breast, gradually increasing the “severity until he tries to relieve himself by biting at his breast. Then stop and caress him. By repeating sufficiently he will bow at a slight prick very promptly. You may now prick him again, and at the same time taise your left knee nearly to his breast. This will make him think the knee causes him the. trouble. As soon as he drops his head, drop your knee and repeat, each time lessening the height you raise it, until he will nod by raising your toe a little. No one can catch you at this, as people generally watch to catch you pointing at the horse’s breast with your hand. LEACHING, TO KISS. This is a nice trick if well done; but if it is necessary to put the hand to the face and turn the cheek to the horse, or punch him in the side, etc., it spoils the trick for me. First, have in your pocket some sugar, salt or apples. (The latter is generally best.) Commence feeding him bits from your hand, lifting it nearer to your face each time until he takes it out of your mouth. Each time say, ‘‘kiss me.’’ After he readily does this, teach him he must do it, by pricking him lightly in the side, at the same time giving the word of command. After he kisses quickly by using the pin, you may give the command as before, and tap him with the whip and prick him, thus making him kiss. In a short time he thinks he must kiss or get switched. When I had to depend entirely on the apple, I have had my horse re- fuse to kiss when he did not feel apple-hungry. TEACHING TO. GIVE YOU THINGS. This is a very nice trick, is easily taught, and is something you see at no circus. Many horses are taught to pick up things, but 34 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. when the trainer wants them he has to reach and take them, which makes the trick appear unfinished. Prick your horse in the side with the right and at the same time reach the other hand toward his mouth a little and say, ‘‘hand it here,’’ he will throw his head around to relieve him of the hurt, when you take the article and caress. He will soon turn and hand it to you when told if you will reach your hand toward him a little as if to take it. CUT SHOWING STALLION BRIDLE. This bridle is used for handling stallions and also in showing horses off to good advantage. ‘Take a cotton window cord about twelve or fif- teen feet long, tie a running loop in one end, put the loop over the lower jaw, bring long end of rope over the: back Por head, behind the ears, down along side of the chee k, then through loop on lower jaw. Jerking this will cause a horse to extend his neck, raise his head and show himself to good advantage and no horse can get away while the bridle is in use. This is the best bridle made to lead a cow or bull. ? Stallion’s Bridle. TEACHING TO GO LAME. Take your horse by the bridle or halter with your left hand, walk along with him and thump him on the shin with the butt of your whip and say, “‘lame.’’? Hit him every time he puts his foot on the ground without limping. He will soon limp at even pointing to- ward his leg with the whip. You may ask him any question which you want him to answer by limping, and he will do so on your point- ing toward his legs. Ss See ee. | I ee a i) DRY ae 5 So A ear Ve RUS ae oe ae 7 =. MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 35 TEACHING TO PAW WITH RIGHT OR LEFT FOOT. Stand by the near side and tap him gently on the left shin with the butt of the whip. He will likely stamp his foot, making a mo- tion as if a fly were biting him, which you can accept as his doing what you asked him by caressing... Repeat until he will paw at the least motion toward him with the whip. To teach him to paw with the other foot, change your position in some way and at the same time thump him on the other shin. By having your motions distinct and separate he never makes any mistakes afterwards; he will paw. readily with either foot you are ready for. TEACHING THE HORSE TO ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE. Having already taught him to paw when you point toward his _ legs with the whip, you can easily make him paw any number of times you wish if you will never allow him to stop until you raise your hand that holds the whip. To teach so thoroughly that he will stop at once, you must, at the same time you raise your hand, hit him a light cut over the back for a few times. Now you may ask him how old he is, or so and so are how many, five times this or that are how many, etc., and carelessly point your whip toward his leg, which will cause him to paw, and when he has pawed the right num- ber of times you will raise your whip just enough for him to see it. No one looking on will be liable to detect you, as they are count- ing too, and watching the horse at the same time. TEACHING THE HORSE TO PICK UP HANDKERCHIEEFS. Stand close to his near shoulder with a pin in your right hand and handkerchief in your left, held close to and just under the nose, and prick him, gently at first, in the breast. If he even drops his nose, caress and repeat, and in a few minutes he will try to bite him- self, or you, possibly, and as he makes the attempt put the handker- chief in his way if possible. Often he will grab it the first thing, and by caressing and repeating he will generally take it from your hand in twenty-five or thirty minutes. Then let him stand awhile and work him again, each time lowering the hand which holds the handkerchief until he will take it from the ground. You may teach him to go away some distance and get it by throwing it a little farther each time. You can now easily teach him to pick up your 36 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. whip, knife, blanket, hat or anything of the kind. After he will pick up things well, but drops them carelessly, you may give him a cut or two with the whip and make him pick it up again. He will soon get afraid to drop it. THACHING.’TO.\ROLL OVER: This is easily done now by making him lie down on a side hill with his feet toward the top. Tie the ends of a rope twelve feet long to one forward and one hind leg, stand behind and tap him on the back with the whip, and say, ‘‘roll over’? at the same time pulling him over withthe rope. After practicing hima few times, take the rope off and practice until perfect. TEACHING; TO”, KICK WITH RIGHT, OR (LERT OR BOTH (eis a: This is an easy trick to teach, and always pleases an audience. Place the lines and open bridle upon him, and get behind and tap him gently below the gambrel on the left leg and say, ‘‘kick’’. If he stamps his foot step up and caress him. Repeat, and in a few min- utes he will kick quite readily; then work at the other in like manner. In teaching him to kick with both feet, stand by his head at first, if he is a little nervous, and while you hold him with vour left hand tap him gently on the hips or root of the tail, gradually increasing the force until he shows signs of bobbing or kicking up; then stop and caress. Repeat, and in a few minutes he will kick quite readily at a slight tap. After.this you may get behind him with your lines and practice him awhile. By continuing this for a few days he will kick when commanded. TEACHING TO GALLOP. Take him by the halter or bridle with your left hand, and have a_ short, blunt whip in your right hand. As you are walking along with him slowly, hit him under the chin lightly at first. If he even throws his head up, caress him, and then repeat. Increase the blows, and he will soon raise both feet off the ground. You can very easily © work him into a nice gallop now. After this you may say to him, ‘‘what do you do when the ladies ride you?’’ then start along with him and give him the sign to gallop. After he goes a little way, stop and ask, ‘‘what do you do when the boys ride you?’’ taking the same position as when teaching him to kick with both feet, and tapping him on the rump. This will cause him to answer by kicking up MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 2 with both feet; a performance which never fails to bring the crowd - down with a laugh. In a short time he will do these tricks at so ~ slight a motion with the whip that no one can tell how it is done, and will soon perform by the word. TEACHING TO LAUGH. Stand by the near side and hold him with your left hand by the nose about where the halter rests, and with your right force the butt of your whip gently into his mouth and jab him lightly in the roof. This will hurt him a little and make him open his mouth. You _ must say at the same time, ‘‘laugh,’’ and caress for the least sign of _ obeying the command. Now put the halter on him, take hold of it a foot or two from his head, give the command and jab him lightly in the mouth as before. By this method he will laugh in a short time at the least motion toward him with the butt of the whip. TO PREVENT A HORSE FROM SCARING. This process is very simple. Whenever a horse scares at objects on going along the road, always stop him and let him face the object. Lead him slowly toward it, and let him touch it with his nose. Take the pains to do this on every occasion, and it will soon break him en- tirely. If your horse is frightened at an umbrella, you can soon teach him to get used to that. Go into the stable with him, and first-let him look at the umbrella before it is opened—let him touch it with his nose. Open it a little way and let him see it, and finally open it wide. By ordinary patience you can soon teach the horse to have the umbrella opened suddenly in his face without being afraid of it. By -asimilar treatment you can break any horse from scaring at almost anything that may look frightful to him. If you wish to make a trial of this theory, just take a horse into the stable and let him examine the frightful object a few minutes, after his mode of examining things, and you will be perfectly satisfied. There is a singular fact connected with taming the horse that I would never have believed if I had nottriedit. Ifyou accustom him to any particular object by show- ing it to him on one side only, he will not be afraid when he sees it with the eye on that side, but he will be afraid if you approach him with it on the other side. It is therefore necessary to pacify him on both sides in all cases. After you have accustomed him to the um- brella or whatever you may wish to make him familiar with, on his fight side, repeat the operation on the left side, in the same manner as if you had not approached him at all. 38 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. BLINDS OR BLINKERS. All my experience with, and observation of horses, proves clear- ly to me that blinkers should never be used, and that the sight of the horse, for many reasons, should not be interfered with in any way. Horses are only fearful of objects which they do not understand, or are not familiar with, and the eye is one of the principal mediums by which this understanding and this familiarity are brought about. The horse, on account of his very amiable nature, can be made in the course of time to bear almost anything in any shape; but there is a quicker process of reaching his intelligence than that of wearing it into him through his skin and bones. However wild or nervous a horse may be, he can be taught in a very short time to understand and not to fear any object, however frightful in appearancé. Horses can be broken in less time, and better, without blinkers; but horses that have always worn them will notice the sudden change, and must be treated carefully the first drive. After that they will drive better without the blinkers than with them. I have proved by my own ex- perience that a horse broken without blinkers.can be driven past any omnibus, cab or carriage, on a parallel line as close as it is possible for him to go, without ever wavering ‘or showing any disposition to dodge. I have not in the last seventeen years, constantly handling horses, both wild and nervous, ever put blinkers on any of them. The horse’s eye is the life and beauty of the animal, as well as the index of all his emotions. It tells the driver, in the most im- pressive characters, what the horse’s feelings are. By it he can tell the first approach of fear in time to meet any difficulty; he can tell if he is happy or sad, hungry or weary. The horse, too, when permit- ted to see, uses his eyes with great judgment. He sees better than we do. He can measure distances with his eyes better than we can, and, if allowed the free use of them, would often save himself, by the quickness of his sight, from collisions when the driver would fail to — do so by a timely pull on the reins. It would also save many acci- dents to pedestrians in the streets, as no horse will run on any person that he can see. Blinkers are rapidly going out of use in the United States, and I have yet to find the man who, having once left them off, could ever be persuaded to put them on again. ‘They are an unneces- sary and injurious incumbrance to the horse, and in years hence will be a thing to be read of as one of the follies happily reformed in the twentieth century. The only horse on which blinds should be placed is a blind horse, to hide his defective eyes. ‘That, in fact, is what the te ew (7 t : tes y j we wey Se Pt he Gl 5 ie ies eas -MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. 39 first blinds were used for. Many years ago,.in London, wealthy people whose horses had bad eyes, put on blinds, and the common people, who think they have to imitate everything the wealthy do, followed the example, and thus a foolish fad was established. : ADVICE ABOUT FEEDING. Feed your horse an hour and a half before he begins his day’s work. Give him his largest feed at night. If you can possibly af- ford it, give him a box stall where he can rest at ease, as it is really a cruelty to tie him up so as to prevent his lying down as he chooses. The stall should be dry and well lit- tered. Never give your horse hard water to drink if soft water can be had. If you cannot get soft water, draw the hard water from the well two hours before you let him drink it. Do not feed different kinds of feed at one time. If corn and bran are fed together, the horse will ——— swallow the corn without properly grinding it. — The best way to feed corn is on the ear. If shelled, the grain should be cracked—about five pieces to the grain. Oats should also be fed alone, never mixed with bran unless the oats are ground. Do not feed your horse too much hay, as it is not only a waste, but when he is put to work on an overloaded stomach it endangers his wind. If left to pull hay out of the rack at pleasure, a horse will eat and waste some thirty pounds a day; whereas twenty pounds is enough for twenty-four hours. Horses, when worked hard, should have a noon feed of grain and water—no hay. Never water your horses after they eat. It washes the food from the stomach. Water before feeding. By following these rules your horses will always be in good condition—will not have that swelled beliy peculiar to ani- mals who are allowed to fill their stomachs with hay—and will us- ually enjoy good health. Especial care should be taken to see that the manger is kept clean, as a filthy and dirty manger breeds dis- ease. It pays to keep stock clean. Avoid feeding damaged feed of any kind; better give less of first-class. Poor feed is dear, for noth- ing. Never allow your barn to become filthy from stinking bedding or fermenting manure, for the ammonia and foul atmosphere arising from the decomposition have a bad effect on the eyes and health. If you have a long drive to make, do not feed your horses hay the night before: =, | : : » AED. 1 a j af rn ? a ; * “s ik ‘ ony ld Ps, 8 if Wr, ” ae es x ee, chi Pte ee: Nee Eli. Seat, er SE Ma Pag aay Te 40 TWENTIETH CENTURY HORSE BOOK. SOMME ete A Pa ARUN ANT A Reina RRA HORSES HAVE RIGHTS—RESPECT THEM. IT WILL PAV YOU. The horse is not a creator of power, but simply a machine. Pow- eris put into the locomotive by fuel; into the horses by good food. Neither can supply one particle more power than is furnished it. No machine better repays thorough care than the horse. Overwork, under feeding, neglect and abuse are costly mistakes, and have re- duced the average life of the horse from thirty to fifteen years, in- curring millions of loss; add the losses from sickness, lameness and ac- cidents due to the same cause, and we get the cost of cruelty to. ani- mals. Ownership has limitations and includes no tight to neglect, torment or mutilate horses. They have a right to good food, kind care and to be as happy as their masters. It js never wise to-do wrong; neither is it a good policy to starve, overwork or abuse a horse. The horse is far more intelligent than many suppose. A kind word is sometimes as good as a feed of oats. A gentle tone, caresses, praise, gifts of dainties, render him safer and more obedient. Harsh treatment keeps him nervous and in misery. Almost every wrong act of a horse is caused by fear, excitement and mismanage- ment, and one harsh word will increase the pulse of a nervous horse eight or ten beats a minute. No man should swear or curse at his horse. An unhappy, terrorized and hungry horse, or one in distress from blows, strains, short check reins, or misfit harness, cannot do his best, and is just so much disabled. The ignorance and depravity of drivers is at the foundation of most troubles, Cruelty is costly. HOW TO FIND THE DEFECTS IN A HORSE. When you are buying or trading for a horse, first examine the eyes well. The best Judges are sometimes deceived in the eyes, therefore you cannot be too careful. Clearness of the eye is a sure in- dication of their goodness; but this is not all that should be observed. The eyelids, eyebrows, and all other parts must be considered; for many horses whose eyes appear clear and brilliant go blind at seven or eight years old. Therefore, be careful to observe whether the parts between the eyelids and evebrows are free from bunches, and whether the parts round the under eyelids be full or swelled, for these are indications that the eyes will not last. When the eyes are re- markably flat, or sunk within their orbits, it is a bad sign; also when they look dead and lifeless. ‘The iris, or circle that surrounds the sight of the eye, should be distinct, and of a pale cinnamon coler, for this is always a sure sign of a good eye, and it adds beauty to the appear- — MORGAN’S TREATMENT AND TRAINING. AT ance of the animal. Occasionally you will find a horse with eyes that look good, but are not. Such a horse is what is called a ‘‘blinker,”’ and may be easily told by pressing the finger on the closed eyelid. The eyeball should feel firm, but. if it is soft you will know it is a bad _ eye.