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University of California Publications in

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BOTANY

VOLUME X

1922-1924

WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL

RICHARD M. HOLM AN

EDITORS

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

The University of California Press
Berkeley, California

The Cambridge University Press
London, England

CONTENTS

PAGES

No. 1. The Genus Fueus on the Pacific Coast of North America, by

Nathauiel L. Gardner 1-180

No. 2. Plantae Mexicanae Puii^usianae, XI, by Townsheud S.

Brandegee 181-188

No. 3. A Revision of the Californian Species of Lotus, by Alice M.

Ottley 189-305

No. 4. Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae, by William

H. Pearson 307-370

No. 5. More New Zealand Hepaticae, by William H. Pearson 373-392

No. 6. Parasitic Florideae, II, by William A. Setchell 393-396

No. 7. A Revision of the West North American Species of Callo-

phyllis, by William A. Setchell 397-401

No. 8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII, by Townshend S.

Brandegee 403-421

No. 9. New Species of Plants from Indo-China, by Elmer D. Merrill.... 423-430

Index 431-438

THE GENUS FUCUS ON THE PACIFIC
COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

BY

NATHANIEL LYON GARDNER

University of California Publications in Botany

Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-180, plates 1-60

Issued April 25, 1922

THE GENUS FUCUS ON THE PACIFIC
COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

BY

NATHANIEL LYON GARDNER

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduetion 2

Historical Eeview — 6

Basis of Classification - 9

Diagnostic Characters - 12

Diagnosis of si)ecies - - 16

Literature Cited .— 57

Explanation of Plates 60

BOTANICAL

University of Califorma Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

INTRODUCTION

The genus Fucus, although among the earliest established genera
of algae, having been studied on the Atlantic and Arctic coasts of
Europe by most of the algologists since the days of Linnaeus, is,
nevertheless, even today, a genus in which the limits of the species,
not only in European waters but also in those of Asia and America,
have not been clearly defined. The flattened, more or less flabellate
and mostly dichotomously branched fronds, together with the very
constant character of the formation of eight viable eggs in oogonia
borne in cavities in the modified ends of the fronds, quite definitely
delimit the genus from all other genera of algae ; but the discovery of
single characters, or combinations of characters, sufficiently stable to
serve in delimiting the multitude of species and forms has been a
matter much more difficult of attainment. About twenty-five species
and over forty varieties and forms have been previously proposed.
From time to time species have been reduced to varieties and to forms,
and these have in turn been raised to the rank of species, and the
species have been interchanged, according to the conceptions of the
different investigators of the group. This has gone on with increasing
complexity and there seems never to have been a time when more con-
fusion existed in regard to the disposition of the Fucus flora, par-
ticularly that of the Atlantic and of the Arctic waters, than the present.
The confusion is due to a variety of causes. One of the chief difficulties
one encounters in trying to get an understanding of the conceptions
of the early writers concerning certain species is the incompleteness
of the descriptions, adequate at the time to distinguish fairly well
the few forms then known, but wholly inadequate to serve in the
separation of species as limited b}^ present day usage. Coupled with
the brevity of the descriptions, one often encounters an added difficulty
in the nature of poorly prepared, and for the most part, fragmentary
specimens preserved as types, if indeed any at all have been preserved.
I have quoted some of these early descriptions under proper headings,
and have also presented illustrations of some of the few type specimens,
which will serve, in some degree, to show the existing state of affairs.
Since the days of Linnaeus our conceptions of species have been
and still are changing. Formerly larger units were grouped under a
single concept, and a few words were sufficient to embody the concept.
^ The general tendency has been to break up the larger units, assigning

00

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 3

to each kind fewer and fewer characters. Today, Avith the coming
of the geneticist, the concept of a species is becoming so limited that
for practical purposes, if carried to the extreme, it has but little value •
nevertheless it cannot be ignored. It is now generally conceded that new
kinds of organisms have arisen, and are still arising through permanent
modifications appearing in the offspring which produce an individual
more or less different from the parent, and that these modifications
are heritable and stable. The causes of the modifications that bring
about such changes have not yet been assigned. According to Darwin,
the modifications are small and when the succession of infinitesimally
small modifications in the suppression or development of a structure
has proceeded long enough the offspring becomes a species. According
to De Vries, the modifications may be relatively great, so that one may
readily detect the difference between the parent and the offspring in a
single generation. The offspring becomes a new species at once. Pos-
sibly both these ideas are correct, but in some groups of individuals con-
stituting entities, the forces acting to bring about the changes operate
slowly, whereas in others they are accelerated and the resulting changes
are marked at once. In either case, it is left to the keenness of the
observer to detect the differences. And the difficulty does not end with
that ; it can not, in the nature of things, until a specific standard is set
up and agreed upon. Darwin never suggested by how much one group
should differ from another in order to constitute a species.

Another complicating set of factors alwaj^s enters into the situation
in a rapidly changing, or species making group, to further the difficulty
of detecting the limits of species. The individuals of every generation
of all groups of organisms may vary in one or more morphological
characters, but these differences are not heritable. Tliis is spoken of
as fluctuating variation. The problem which one usually has to deter-
mine in placing an individual is whether the dominant character or
characters is due to fluctuating variation or to a change which has
become fixed. The fluctuating variation may often be much greater
than the permanent difference between two species. Thu.s the average
width of the fronds of a species of Fticus (a) may be 10 cm., and
that of another (&) may be 15 cm. Some individuals in (a) may
possibly be wider than 15 cm. and some in (&) may be narrower than
10 cm.

The causes of the differences in characters in fluctuating variation
may be grouped under two categories, one phj^siological and the other
environmental. For example, two Fucus plants of the same lineage
may have equal environmental conditions and be equal in initial size,

4 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

but be decidedly different at maturity in a particular character or
characters, the differences being due to causes physiological and not
yet explainable, and the deviation from the normal not be heritable.
Again two plants of the same lineage may by chance get started in
different habitats in the same locality and at maturity be quite unlike,
e.g.. in size, one typical of the species growing in a belt of optimum
conditions for that species, and the other a dwarf merely, due to being
removed from such a belt of optimum growth.

In passing I may say that the belt of optimum growth is not the
same for all species of Fucus. Some species or forms thrive only in
the extreme lower littoral belt, others in the middle, and still others
in the narrow belt along the extreme high-tide limit. It cannot be
argued that the species along the extreme high-tide limit are neces-
sarily there by chance and represent dwarf specimens. Fucus
evanescens f. rohustus may be found in such a belt extending along
the coast for miles w'here no other species or specimens exist, and yet
the rock ledges in such localities are continuous from far above the
high-tide limit to below the low-tide limit. Specimens of any species
may, however, be stranded in the upper tide limits, e.g., on mud flats,
and may leave offspring which may develop into seemingly distinct
forms. I have seen this demonstrated to my entire satisfaction in tlie
case of the so-called nanus forms. These forms are merely transitory.
I have seen acres of territory bearing such plants of any species that
happened to be growing in the vicinity, the most of which never come
to the fruiting period and are always more or less, usually profoundly,
distorted and dwarfed. Thus it is quite essential to know the habitat
of a plant w^hen attempting to place it.

In this paper I am describing three new forms of Fucus seemingly
quite distinct from each other genetically, and apparently distinct
from all other entities, but which possibly may be only environmental
forms. They all fruit abundantly and, to all appearances, from oliser-
vations made during only one season, they perpetuate themselves and
remain constant. These are forma cuncatus, forma depauperatus,
and forma oregoncnsis of Fucus evanescens, found growing in Coos
Bay, Oregon. They are profoundly different in shape, size, and color
from any forms growing outside of the moutli of Coos Bay. A strong
tide sets into the bay and floating specimens may be readily carried
for miles in either direction. Tlie determination of the lineage of such
forms constitutes a real problem which, in each case, wherever it may
arise, can only be solved by experimentation. In a jilace like Coos
Bay, the demonstration could fairly easilv be matlc.

1922] Gardner: Tlie Genus Fuois on the Pacific Coast 5

For many years I have observed, in their native habitats, extensive
beds of Fiicus growing on our western shores extending from central
California to Sitka, Alaska, and have been much confused and deeply
perplexed in trying to determine the best disposition to make of the
multitude of forms here represented. The range for the genus extends
from Oil Port, San Luis Obispo County. California, its southern limit
as at present known, into the Arctic Ocean, and is practically unbroken.
In the southern portion of the range the problem is comparatively
simple, there being but few forms represented. The complexity
increases northward, and the optimum for luxuriance in growth of
numbers of forms and of individuals seems to be in the general latitude
of Sitka. Alaska.

I have come to tlie conclusion that we have in this genus an example
of extreme plasticity, in which the forces at work breaking up
continuity are vigorously active. Plants with new combinations of
characters are arising and. to still further complicate the matter, these
probably hybridize with one another.

For ultra popular usage, a very few species, perhaps four, would
thoroughly suffice to include all of the forms of the genus, e.g.. F.
serratiis, F. vesiculosus, F. sjyiralis, and F. evanescens. IMorphologically
serratus is obviously distinct, vesiculosus is always dioicous. while all
others are synoicous. Forms which have been included even under
spiralis and evanescens might be confused because of overlapping
characters. Such a disposition would doubtless, for scientific usage,
meet with hearty disapproval. On account of the nature of the genus,
any disposition at present can only be approximate in the face of our
vastly incomplete knowledge concerning a variety of points.

Without further delay. I am arranging our multitude of forms
under five rather comprehensive species, viz.. F. furcatus Ag.. F.
nitens nob.. F. edentatus De la Pyl., F. mertibranaceus nob., and F.
evanescens Ag. These I have so diagnosed as to make them include
all the forms which I have grouped around them, and have designated
the group as species 'major. Under each species major, respectively, I
, have grouped 13. 0. 5. 6. and 21 fornis which I feel quite convinced
are entities, giving rise to others of their kind in successive generations
in the same manner as does any other species; however, my investiga-
tions may not have been extensive enough as yet to prove this state-
ment. These forms I am designating as species minor and, following
customary usage. I am calling them formae of the respective species,
awaiting further investigation and experimentation to prove the

6 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

validity of their specific rank, or that they represent merely individuals
with inconstant and fluctuating characters, due to environmental
influences.

Historical Review

Kjellman (1883, p. 203) remarks as follows concerning some of the
numerous forms which he has described:

I have set down here the same forms that I have before endeavored to
distinguish and to define. They are certainly connected by numerous inter-
mediate forms, but they deserve, however, to be mentioned specially, because
they show the limits and directions of the variations of the species and differ
somewhat with regard to biology and geographical distribution.

Yendo (1907, p. 16) has assembled several forms from the Japanese
waters and has allied them, according to his conception, with certain
of Kjellman 's forms of F. evanescens, at the same time expressing his
disbelief in ascribing definite identities to such plants : ' ' Besides the
above mentioned formae others might be pointed out. It would, how-
ever, be unimportant to add to algological literature more formal
names, established on what I regard as invalid forms."

I find it not wholly a simple matter to justify the selection of the
species major mentioned above as seemingly the most suitable to include
our flora as against certain others which might have been selected. T
also feel much handicapped in not having had direct contact with more
European material for comparison. I have been compelled to rely
largely upon descriptions.

Most of the earlier collections from our coast were assigned to
European species. Two species, however, viz., F. furcatus Ag. (Sp.
Alg., 1820, p. 97) and F. evanescens Ag. {loc. cit., p. 92) have been
described from the waters of the North Pacific, the former is said to
have come from Unalaska and the latter from Kamtschatka. Agardli
assigned these localities on the authority of Chamisso, who travelled
along our coast in 1816 as far south as San Francisco. Some doubts
have arisen as to the localities from which he obtained the material
upon which Agardh based his species.

Harvey (Bot. Beechey, 1833, p. 163, and 1841?, p. 407) was appar-
ently the first to accredit F. furcatus Ag. to the Pacific coast of North
America. He based his judgment upon material collected at San
Francisco, California, by Dr. Sinclair. I have not seen the specimen,
nor have I any further information concerning it, but it seems quite
probable, as may be seen later, that his determination was correct.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 7

J. Agardh (1848, p. 209) quotes Chaniisso's Unalaska specimen and
Sinclair's San Francisco specimen under F. furcatus Ag., at the same
time reducing F. edentatiis De la Pyl. (1829, p. 84) to synonymy with
F. furcatus Ag. This seems to have been the beginning of the con-
fusion of the two species which has not, up to the present time, been
completely cleared up.

Kuetzing (1849, p. 591) gives a brief diagnosis of the species as
follows: "F. phycomate linear! enervi piano furcato, digital!; carp-
omatibus terminalibus planis 1-1%'' longis, phycomate latioribus."
"Ad oras occidentals Americae borealis, ad Unalaschkam, Cali-
forniam." In Tabulae Phycologicae, 1860. plate 17, figure II, he gives
a diagram of a portion of a plant from " Unalaschka " which shows
the receptacles to be 3 to 4 cm. long and very sharply pointed. This
figure was probably sketched from a portion of the type material
collected by Chamisso and, although it differs considerably from
Agardh's figure (Icon. Ined.. pi. 14), it may well represent a more
typical portion of a plant than Agardh's.

Ruprecht (1851, p. 346) has the following to say concerning F.
evanescens Ag. and F. furcatus Ag., mentioned above :

Ueber Funis evanescens unci furcatus kann ich jetzt, nacli Einsicht der
Original-Exemplare in Chamisso 's Herbarium, ein sicheres Urtheil abgeben.
Der erstere ist ein hochst unbedeutende, keineswegs bestandige Form von E.
vesiculosa und kommt nieht selten unter den Ocliotskisehen Exemplaren vor;
die an den Fruchtzweigen verschwindende Blatt-Rippe bezeiclmet diese Form
am wenigsten; Chamisso 's Pflanze stammt von Eedowski, von der Westkiiste
der Ochotskischen Meeres, nicht aus Kamtschatka.

Fucus furcatus C. Ag. ist eine selbstandige Art, wachst aber nicht bei
Unalaschka, sondern in Nord-Californien bei Ross, woher ich neuerdings niehrere
Exemplare sah. Von eben daher hat auch, nach meinem Dafiirhalten, Chamisso
seine Pflanze mitgebracht; die beigelegte Etiquette mit "Kamtsch?" bezeichnet,
beweist, dass er selbst iiber ihren Fundort im Zweifel war.

Fucus furcatus J. Ag. (Sp. Alg. I, p. 209) ist ein ganz andere Tang (eine Var.
von H. vesiculosa?), als die gleichnamige, in den Icon. Alg. ined. Tab. 14
abgebildete Original-pflanze.

Harvey (1862, p. 163) again ascribes F. furcatus Ag. to the Pacific
Coast in determining Lyall's collections from Vancouver Island. He
remarks {loc. cit.) : "My F. Wrightii from Japan scarcely differs.
I fear tliat neither ought to be regarded as other than local varieties
of F. vesicidosus, which sometimes, even in Europe, occurs with as
narrow fronds. The elder Agardh's figure above quoted," that is,
Icon. Ined., pi. 14, "is worthless as a guide to the species described by
J. Agardh." Fucus Wrightii is now known to bo a species of Pelvetia

8 Universitu of California Publications in Botaiiij [Vol. lo

(cf. Yendo. 1907. p. 20) wliieh again leaves the status of F. furcatus
in donbt so far as tho Vancouver Island specimen is concerned.

These statements of Ruprecht concerning F. furcatus Ag. doubtless,
as pointed out by Kjellman (1883, p. 205) and by Borgesen (1902,
p. 465), influenced J. Agardh (1868, p. 40) to describe F. furcatus Ag.
and F. edentatus De la Pyl. again as separate species. Kleen (1874,
p. 29) subordinates F. edentatus De la Pyl. to F. furcatus Ag. Kjell-
man (1883. pp. 204, 205) takes up F. edentatus De la Pyl., accepting
J. Agardh 's latest interpretation {loc. cit.) of the distinctness of the
two species and reduces Kleen 's F. furcatus to synonymy, remarking
in this connection :

The identity of the Fucus in question (F. furcatus) occurring on the north
coast of Norway, with Fucus edentatus De la Pyl. appears to me to be beyond a
doubt. I have not, among the great number of specimens from Norway and
the northeastern coast of North America examined by me found any that agree
fully with Agardh 's figure of F. furcatus. I have thought best to follow .T. G.
Agardh 's later exposition, regarding F. edentatus as specifically distinct from
F. furcatus Ag.

Borgesen (1902. p. 465) has made the following disposition of the
Fucus forms on the Faeroe Islands. He, with Foslie (1886. p. 109)
and Rosenvinge (1893, p. 834). takes up the F. inftatus (L.) Vahl
(Fl. Dan., pi. 1127) as the species under which should be placed De la
Pylaie's F. edentatus, and also reduces Kleen 's F. furcatus, mentioned
above, to synonymy with F. inftatus, as well as J. Agardh 's F. furcatus
to synonymy with F. in flat us f. edentatus (De la Pyl.) Rosenvinge.

Farlow (1881, j). 102) accredits F. furcatus to the New England
coast, giving as further distribution, "Northern Europe ; Arctic Ocean ;
North Pacific" and cites no. 108 in Farlow, Anderson, and Eaton's
Algae Exsiccatae Americae Borealis. Again (1889, pp. 6. 7) he dis-
poses of F. furcatus on the xVtlantic coast in the following language:

The F. furcatus of Marine Algae of New England is without doubt the same
as F. edentatus of Newfoundland, formerly united with F. furcatus Ag., of the
North Pacific, a species to which was also referred a Fucus of the northern
coast of Norway. Later tlie two species were kejit distinct by J. G. Agardh,
and Kjellman in the Algae of the Arctic Sea referred the so-called F. furcatus
of Norway and Greenland to F. edentatus where our common New England alga
also belongs, although the Fucus furcatus of our west coast may perhaps be the
same as the original F. furcatus of C. A. Agardh 's Icon. Tncd.

Acceptance of tlie ideas set forth by Foslie. Farlow. Rosenvinge,
and Borgesen would (juite effectively eliminate 7*'. furcatus Ag. from
the Atlantic and Arctic waters. It remains now either to reestablish
or to eliminate^ this species entirely. I ])ropose to reestablish i1 with

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pai-ific Coast 9

certain emendations, using as a basis for my decision Ruprecht 's state-
ments {loc. cit.) supported by Farlow's contention {loc. cit.) that
furcatus belongs primarily to the Pacific coast of North America.
Borgesen (1902, p. 465) recognizes the priority of Agardh's furcatus
(1820) over De la Pylaie's eclentafus (1829), but rejects the name
furcatus on the ground, as he says, that "the specimen of this species
which C. Agardh described was — judging especially from his figure —
a small, poorly developed one (apparently a transitional form to f.
distichus) .'' '' The type specimen of F. furcatus is in the Herbarium of
J. G. Agardh. no. 00279 (Type!) Unalaska, Ex. Herb. C. Ag., accord-
ing to Professor Setchell. I have reproduced Agardh's figure on
plate 1, figure 1. and it certainly is not a characteristic portion of any
species of Fucus, but represents, as I think, a proliferous portion of a
plant. I have seen many specimens of proliferations similar to the
one represented by Agardh (cf. plate 2), taken from dried herbarium
specimens collected by Setchell at Fort Ross, the probable type
locality. It seems to me that the evidence is sufficiently ample to
warrant the assumption that Agardh 's delineation, poor and uncertain
as it is, refers to a plant on the California coast.

Basis of Classification

I am using as a fundamental distinguishing character of F. furcatus
as a species major the presence, usually, of a large number of cavities
in the fronds which are completely closed. These are, I suspect, what
J. Agardh (1868, p. 38) refers to under " Cryptostomata immersa saepe
numerosa, plurima diu clausa. " I have investigated the origin of
these structures and find that they originate as do the conceptacles
and ordinary cryptostomata, as shown by Bower (1880). A surface
cell near the growing point in the terminal depression breaks down
and the cavity is formed as described by Bower, but unlike the con-
ceptacles and the cryptostomata no ostiole remains. The cavity is
completely arched over, and no paraphyses develop. This process
appears to be an evolution in the direction of reduction. To these
cavities I am applying the term caecost&mata, as suggested by Professor
Setchell. to distinguish them from the true cryptostomata with ostiole
and paraphyses. In F. furcatus f. typicus, as I am limiting that
species, they are \evj abundant, up to four hundred and fifty in each
square centimeter, and there are no cryptostomata. In certain other
forms of furcatus there are a few cryptostomata perfectly formed very
early. The caecostomatal character seems quite effectually to mark off

10 University of California Publications in Botaiuj [Vol. 10

a distinct group, the distribution of whose members extends as far
north as Sitka, Ahiska, with the southern limit in San Luis Obispo
County, California. Along with this character is usually found a
decided olive green color.

Fucus nitens refers to a group of plants growing in San Francisco
Bay, which seems not to fit in well with any other described species.
It doubtless is an offshoot of the furcatus group, and very probably
hybridizes with it.

The decision in the selection of edentatus as against inflatus for
the specific name seemingly best suited to certain of our narrow forms
is based upon the study of the original descriptions and illustrations
of the type specimens of each species.

Fucus inflatus dates back to Flora Lapponica, of Linnaeus, 1737.
The diagnosis as given by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1753,
p. 1159, is: "Fucus fronde bifida; laciniis ovato-lanceolatis inflatis
apice divisis. " This will suffice in part for any species of Fucus that
has been proposed, just as well for one as for another. Through the
kindness of Dr. M. A. Howe, I have a habit sketch made by him of
two small parts of plants in the Linnaean Herbarium which, according
to Dr. Howe, is all that is left to indicate Linnaeus' conception of this
species. These small bits are sterile and Dr. Howe remarks, "The
enlargements, to which it owes its name, are possibly inflations which
have been flattened do^^'n in pressing, but I find no certain evidence of
this in the Linnaean specimen." Thus neither the description nor the
specimens seem to me in the least adequate to give one even an approxi-
mate idea as to the concept of Linnaeus regarding this species. Vahl,
in Flora Danica, plate 1127, gives a diagrammatic sketch and a brief
diagnosis showing his conception of the species. The sketch is cer-
tainly of a plant quite different from that of Linnaeus. Of late j^ears
there has been as great conf vision in the use of the term inflatus as in
the use of furcaius. Foslie (1886, p. 109) proposes F. inflatus (L.)
Vahl for certain narrow forms. Kjellman (1890, p. 11) adopts the
name for a group of plants which he first separates into two groups,
a Finmarkicus and (3 Nordlandicus, under which he describes nine
different forms. He left no illustrations and made no attempt to show
their relation to other described forms. Rosenvinge (1893, p. 834)
uses the name inflatus to include F. edentatus De la Pyl., F. evanescens
Ag., and F. linearis (Ed. De-Toni (1895, p. 195) accepts the group
as proposed by Kjellman. Borgesen (1902, p. 465) uses the term
inflatus to include certain Faeroe Island plants which he designates as

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 11

formae edentatus, distichus, and linearis. Setchell and Gardner (1903,
pp. 280, 281) used the term in flatus to include certain plants in the
Puget Sound region which were placed under the forms edentatus,
linearis, and filiformis of this species.

The type of F. edentatus De la Pyl. is in the herbarium of the
Museum of Paris. Dr. M. A. Howe has examined and photographed
this type specimen and through his courtesy I have received a print of
the negative, which I have reproduced on plate 60, figure 1. I have
examined dried specimens from the north Atlantic coast of a relatively
narrow form, which are smooth and black on drying and free from
caecostomata, which seem to me to correspond with the description
and illustration of the type of edentatus. Several of our forms which
have been previously associated with F. inflatus seem, on close com-
parison with these eastern specimens, to belong with the edentatus
lineage rather than with the much more vague inflatus lineage, and I
am placing them in accordance with this view.

I am using the term edentatus as a species major to include mostly
narrow, smootli, and glossy forms, almost black on drying, practically
free from caecostomata and with few cryptostomata.

There are remaining certain northern forms which do not seem to
fit in well with any of these groups. They have more or less mem-
branaceous fronds, with no caecostomata, are usually decidedly
yellowish in color, have the cryptostomata most abundant on the
terminal and subterminal segments and these crj'ptostomata protrude
on drying. These I have grouped under the species major which I
have designated as memhranaceus.

In treating of the Fucus flora of the northwest coast of North
America, Setchell and Gardner (1903, p. 281) adopted Fucus evan-
escens as a satisfactory name to include most of the forms then known
in that region. This species thus is given the widest range in distribu-
tion of all the described species, since this name ha.s been applied to
plants of both shores of the North Atlantic and of the North Pacific
as well as of the Arctic oceans. One of the chief characters upon
which this species is based, viz., the vanishing of the midrib in the
terminal and .subterminal segments, is as fluctuating as any other
character. It may be seen on plate 35 that the midrib extends to the
very tips of the segments. This plate represents a plant from Spitz-
bergen determined by J. Agardh. Three fragments of plants, no.
132622 of the Herb. Univ. Calif., from the same region collected by
Kjellman likewise show the midrib quite distinctly. Plate 1, figure 2,

12 University of California ruhlications in Botany [Voi.. 10

represents the original figure of Agardh and shows very little midrib
in the terminal segments nor in other parts of tlie frond. ^\\ own
experience with this character is that it cannot be relied upon as having
verj^ pronounced diagnostic value, except in a few cases. The type
locality is said to be Kamtschatka and, according to Setchell, the type
specimen is in the herbarium of J. Gr. Agardh, under no. 00299, with
a query. Kjellman has described ten forms of evanescens and reduced
J. Agardh 's F. hursigerns to a form of the same species. Stroemfelt
(1886, p. 35) added f. dendroides. De-Toni (1895, pp. 201-203)
accepts all these forms as valid. Setchell and Gardner (1903, p. 283)
added two more. ]\Iost of Kjellman 's forms have been recognized
with some degree of certainty in the northern portion of the range
considered here. The plants so listed, however, seem almost invariably
to be more robust than those of Kjellman 's finding. On the whole, the
species as understood in Europe, seems to me to be the best suited to
include the most of the forms of Fucus growing in the North Pacific
region, having more or less coriaceous fronds for the most part robust.
with a brownish or yellowish color, wath relatively few cryptostomata.

Diagnostic Characters

In attempting to diagnose our forms, I have made use only of the
gross morphological features. I think, however, that it would be quite
within the bounds of possibility that histological characters could
. be made use of effectually in determining limits. The shape and
size of the oogonia and antheridia vary considerably, but I have not
carried the study far enough to determine ^v'hether a fixed difference
may be present and detectable, or whether the difference may be due
simply to fluctuating variation. The only satisfactory way to prosecute
such study is by the use of fresh or fixed material.

The following characters have been used in rendering the diagnosis
in this work :

The lioldfast, in all cases, is a solid, somewhat fibrous disk, larger
or smaller according to the species and to the nature of the substratum
and the environment, which serves to anchor the plant. The plants
growing on tlie open coast, exposed to heavy surf, usually have the
most robust lioldfasts. Those plants growing on wood in (]ui('1 waters
usually have smaller, poorly developed ones. Plants growing under
the latter conditions usually do not persist long.

The stipe is a term ratlnr loosely applied in this group. Strictly
speaking, it should apply to that portion of Ihc frond between the

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 13

holdfast and the first forking, varying in different species from one
centimeter to five centimeters in length. As the plant grows older the
alae wear away, more or less, and the midribs among the segments, or
branches, thicken; flat at first, they become more nearly cylindrical
and virtually become a part of the stipe. The length of the stipe and
its degree of flatness are characters of considerable value in deter-
mining species.

The term segments is understood to apply to those portions of the
frond between each forking. Characters of the segments which are of
morphological value in determining the species are the general shapes,
the most prominent of which are linear and cuneate, thickness and
width of the alae, and the extent of the development of the midrib.
The nature of the terminal segments is often of pronounced value.

The growing point is located at the base of a flattened, more or less
crescent-shaped pit of considerable depth at the outer ends of the
terminal segments. They are thus situated back of what appear to
be the ends of the segments. The nature of these terminal depressions
is of some diagnostic value.

Beceptacle is a term used to designate the metamorphosed free ends
of the terminal segments, for the purpose of developing the reproduc-
tive organs, oogonia and antheridia. These organs are borne along
with sterile filaments, the paraphyses, in cavities, the conceptacles,
scattered in various ways over the surface of the receptacles. The
receptacles vary much in shape, even on the same individual, as well
as on different individuals and on different species. Some are com-
planate and possess little mucilaginous substance, others are much
swollen and filled with the same substance and still others are inflated
with gases. Receptacular characters, though variable, are of con-
siderable value in determining species.

Cryptostomata, w^hen applied to the genus Fucus, is a term that
has been applied to certain cavities scattered promiscuously, or
arranged more or less definitely, over the whole frond except the stipe
and the holdfast. They are not confined to this genus alone, however,
])ut have been more thoroughly investigated in Fucus than in any of
the other genera. They appear in other members of the Fueaceae, and
also in several genera of the Laminariaceae. The cavities may or may
not have sterile, hyaline hairs, paraphyses, in greater or less profusion
and, when present, extruding at times through an opening at the top
called the ostiole. These paraphyses disintegrate sooner or later, and
even the whole cryptostomata may disappear entirely as the lower parts

14 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

of the front metamorphose. The phylogeny, functions, and develop-
ment of the cryptostomata have been the subjects of considerable dis-
cussion and investigation among algologists. It is not my purpose
here to go into an extensive discussion of the literature on these
subjects. A few statements, however, may be of service in this con-
nection.

Bower (1880, p. 36) briefly reviewed the literature that had been
published on the investigations of the subject of the cryptostomata
up to that date, bearing particularly upon their origin. Oltmanns
(1904, 1905) has given a much more exhaustive account of opinions
and investigations, including his own, on all phases of the subject.
Regarding the phylogeny and functions of these organs, the investi-
gations up to the present time seem to have been too meager to warrant
any satisfactory general conclusions. That which seems to me to be
the most satisfactorily assignable function of the paraphyses is one
suggested to me by Dr. Setchell, first mentioned by Reinke (1875,
p. 2.30), viz., their connection with nutrition. Reinke compares them
to root hairs of the higher plants, serving to increase the absorbing
surface. In whatever species they occur, they originate and are most
vigorous in meristematic tissue, either in ephemeral or in perennial
species. They would thus seem to be homologous to root hairs in the
higher plants, exposing a greater absorbing surface at the time and
in the place of greatest need for food, soon disappearing after having
served their purpose.

So far as the genus Fucns is concerned, the investigations of
Bower {loc. cit.) seem definitely to have settled the question of the
origin and development of the conceptaclcs as well as the crypto-
stomata. He shows that they originate just back of the growing point,
in the depressions at the apices of the fronds, by the failure of a single
surface cell to divide horizontally, and its subsequent disintegration.
From this beginning he carefully traces and figures the enlarging
cavity resulting, and the differentiation of the reproductive organs
and sterile hairs. I have verified the results of Bower's investigation
so far as the initial step in the formation of these organs is concerned.

Having frequently noticed forms of Fucus, particularly from the
region of Puget Sound southward to the southern limits of its dis-
tribution, in which tlie cryptostomata were deep-seated, completely
closed, and destitute of paraphyses, I was prompted to investigate their
origin with a view to determining the use to which this character
might be put in placing the species. Several genera of the Fucaceae

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fiicits on the Pacific Coast 15

have the eonceptaeles promiscuously distributed over practically the
entire frond. In others, e.g., Fucus, Pelvetia, the reproductive struc-
tures are limited to the metamorphosed ends of the segments. The
cryptostomata in the genus Fucus are so intimately associated with
the eonceptaeles, both being the same in their method of origination
and similar in their form, as to make it seem quite logical to conclude
that they are degenerated conceptables. Indeed Bower has so considered
them, speaking of them as "incomplete sexual eonceptaeles." Adopt-
ing this line of reasoning one may readily conceive that it is only a
step further in the line of reduction evolution to produce a plant in
which none of the cryptostomata develop paraphyses and all remain
completely arched over, leaving no ostioles. Fucus on the west coast
of the United States abounds in forms having structures of this nature.
Such cavities I have designated caecostomata as distinguished from
cryptostomata, and I am using them as one of the distinguishing
characters of a species major, viz., Fucus furcatus (see above, p. 9).
The next stage in reduction would be the complete elimination of both
caecostomata and cryptostomata, and approximately this condition
exists in the species major, Fucus cdentatus.

The color character is of considerable value in determining species.
This character, however, is subject to a certain amount of variation
and cannot be solely relied upon. The color of an individual may vary
with age and with exposure. In dense clusters of plants the lower
portions have a more intense color than the upper part. All specias
are darker on drying than in the living state, and the color distinction
between species may be more pronounced and constant in the dried
specimens than in the living plants.

The habitat of a plant cannot be said normally to be a specific
determinant, though a knowledge of the normal habitat of a plant, if
markedly different from that of another plant, may assist in estab-
lishing to a certainty the belief in the entities of two closely related
forms. Fucus evanescens f. rohustus is never to be found growing
outside of a narrow belt along high-tide limit. F. mcmhranaceus f.
latissimus inhabits exclusively the lower littoral limit. If there were
nothing in gross morphology to distinguish these two species, this fact
alone would lend plausible support to the belief that the two are
distinct entities, each with a separate lineage.

16 University of California Ptiblications in Botany [Vol. 10

Fucus furcatus Ag.

Plate 1, figure 1

"Fronde lineari enervi plana furcata, receptaculis terminalibus. "

"Ad Unalaschka, Chamisso. "

"Vidi in herbario Chamissoi."

"Frons plana, digitalis, linearis, parum dilatata, lineam vel sesqui-
lineam lata, 2-3 furcata, oranino enervis. Receptacula plana, unciara
vel sesquiunciam longa, fronde latiora, semper furcata, segmentis
attenuatis obtusis, tuberculatis ; tuberculis pertusis continentibus
glomerulos gelatinoso-filamentosos, in quibus capsulae ovatae limbo
hyalino circumfusae numerosae nidulantur. Color exsiccatae niger-
rimus. Substantia cartilaginea, exsiccatae rigida. "

Agardh, Sp. Alg., vol. 1, 1820, p. 97.

Fronds usually rigid, often arborescent, more or less cartilaginous,
for the most part decidedly mucilaginous, regularly dichotomous, olive
green to yellowish ; segments usually relatively long, slightly cuneate
to linear, in some cases decidedly crisped, midrib prominent and per-
current and often yellowish, caecostoraata few to very many; recep-
tacles for the most part complanate, sometimes tumid, often decidedly
yellowish.

Growing in the middle and lower littoral belts. From Sitka, Alaska,
to Oil Port, San Luis Obispo County, California.

Agardh, loc. cit., Icon. Ined., fasc. 2. 1821, pi. 14, Syst., 1824, p.
279 ; J. Agardh, Sp. Alg., 1848, vol. 1, p. 209.

For a discussion of this species major see page 9.

Fucus furcatus f. typicus f. nov. <

Plates 2 and 3

Frons paullo caulescens, paululum cartilaginosa, 20-30 cm. alta.
regulariter dichotoma, obscure olivaceo-viridis, siccata atra, segmentis
planis, linearibus vel cuneatis, 10-18 mm. latis, costa distincta, per-
cursa, caecostomatibus 250-300 in quoquo cm. quadrato, parvis, incon-
spicuis, cryptostomatibus nullis vel sparsissimis; receptaculis eom-
planatis, saepissime late linearibus, 4—6 cm. longis, saepissime bifidis,
apicibus acutis ; conceptaculis numerosissimis et comparative parvis.

Growing on boulders and rock ledges in the middle of the littoral
belt. From the Strait of Juan de Fuca to central California.

Type, Setchell, no. 1691 (Herb. Univ. Calif., 99171), Fort Ross,
California, June, ]897. Gardner, no. 2187 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
201151), I\ross Beach, San Mateo County, California. April. 1910.

Fucus evanescens f. iypicn-s, Collins, IToldeii and Setchell, Phyc.
Bor.-Amer. (Exsicc), no. 1338. Fucus inflatus f. edentatus, Setchell
and Gardner, Alg.. N. W. Amer., 1903, p. 280.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fncus on the Pacific Coast 17

The Fucus furcatus of Tilden's American Algae, no. 234, as to the
specimen distributed in Professor Setchell's copy, is not typical of this
species as found on the California coast. The specimen is only a small
portion of a plant. It is mature, considerably worn and battered, and
has comparatively few caecostomata. The distribution is probably to
be referred to f. typicus, but it is desirable to consult other specimens
of the distribution before deciding definitely.

This form is abundant on the California coast, but less common
toward the north, being supplanted by numerous other forms. It
reaches its optimum growth in localities where the surf is only moder-
ately active. In such situations it attains its greatest height, not
infrequently specimens attaining a height of 4.5 dm., but when on
boulders exposed to a heavy surf, it remains much shorter, is more
arborescent, the alae wearing away up to the last segment. The illus-
tration on plate 3 is of the former state, and that on plate 2 is from
an exposed situation at Fort Ross, California, presumably the type
locality for the species. I have selected this specimen as the type
because it shows the proliferating habit Avhich seems to be the character
of the specimen illustrated by Agardh (see plate 1, figure 1). There
is considerable individual variation in the width of the segments. The
dimensions given in the diagnosis cover a very large majority of
individuals in a bed of plants, but occasionally wider or narrower
plants may be found. They fruit abundantly, only an occasional
segment remaining sterile to continue the growth and fruiting in the
next season if the plant persists. Most of the segments fruit simul-
taneously, and the height of the fruiting season is in June and July ;
some receptacles may, however, be found at any season of the year, as
is usually the case with all the species of the genus.

The specimens after desiccation readily yield a copious amount of
mucilaginous substance on being revived, either with fresh or with salt
water. It was hoped that the copious secretion of mucilage might be
traced to the caecostomata which are so abundant in this species, and
that this definite function might be assigned to them, but it has not
been possible to connect these structures with this function.

18 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

Fucus furcatus f. angustus f. nov.

Plate 4

Frons angusta, caulescens, rigida, subcartilaginosa, 20-35 cm. alta,
dichotoma, obscure olivaceo-brunnea, siecata atra; segmentis linearibus
vel paululum cuneatis, 4-7 mm. latis, apieibus truncatis, eo.sta evidenter
percursa, caecostomatibus 125-175 in quoquo cm. quadrato ; receptaciilis
vulgo complanatis, iiiterdum inflatis, distinete definitis, alte ])ifidis,
4—7 cm. longis, apieibus acutis vel acuminatis; conceptaculis numerosis
confertim dispositis.

Growing in abundance on rock ledges in the upper third of the
littoral belt. San Juan County, Washington, and the central coast of
Oregon.

Type, Gardner, no. 2788 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201188), Sunset
Beach, near the mouth of Coos Bay, Oregon, May, 1914.

The only other definite locality in which this form has been detected
is Cattle Point, at the south end of San Juan Island, Washington
(Gardner," no. 2352g). This locality is particularly rich in forms of
Fucus. There is an intermingling of the waters flowing among the
islands to the north and east, which have a varied Fucus flora, with the
waters from the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Straits of Georgia,
washing the shores of land to the west and north, which have a some-
what different Fucus flora. The shore of the south side of Cattle Point
is exposed to a swiftly flowing current and to the action of swells from
the Pacific Ocean, through the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Around to the
north side of the point the shores are affected but little by the action
of the surf and tides.

Fucus furcatus f. anguMus seems closely related to F. in flat us f.
edentatus of Borgesen. I draw my conclusion after having compared
our plants with a specimen of Borgesen 's from the Faeroe Islands in
the Herbarium of the University of California, no. 99176. I have
represented this specimen on plate 20. Borgesen 's specimen lias a
more pronounced midrib and the segments are more decidedly cuneate.
The color is not so dark as the color of our specimen. The fronds are
somewhat roughened and possess a large number of caecostomata. very
similar to f. angustus.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fuciis on the Pacific Coast 19

Fucus furcatus f. linearis f. nov.

Plate 5

Frons paiillo caulescens, cartilaginosa, 30-35 cm. alta, ramosissima
dichotoma, obscure olivaceo-viridis, siccata atra; segmentis strictis,
linearibiis, 8-12 mm. latis, caecostomatibus 40-70 in quoquo cm.
quadrato, siccatis inconspicuis ; receptaculis numerosissimis distincte
definitis, quam frondibus latioribiis, integris vel bifidis, vulgo ovatis,
1.5-2 cm. longis ; conceptaculis numerosis, amplis.

Growing in quiet water on boulders in the lower littoral belt.
Tracyton, Kitsap County, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 22066 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201142), May,
1910.

This form is remarkable for the abundance of receptacles it produces
on a single plant. Plate 5 was made from a portion of a plant that
had approximately five hundred and fifty receptacles. It is also rather
unusual that so many of the segments should fruit at the same time
as is the case in this form. Not a single segment remained sterile in the
above mentioned plant. This fonn does not seem to be abundant in
the Puget Sound region.

Fucus furcatus f. abbreviatus f. nov.

Plate 6

Frondes cartilaginosae rigidae, asperae, 8-12 cm. altae, regulariter
dichotomae, olivaceo-virides vel olivaceo-brunneae vel luteolae ; seg-
mentis cuneatis vel linearibus, 8-16 mm. latis, apicibus truncatis, costa
angusta evidente, caecostomatibus comparative amplis, siccatis prom-
inentis, 60-80 in quoquo cm. quadrato ; receptaculis distincte definitis
quam segmentis multo latioribus, 2-2.5 cm. longis, complanatis vel muco
inflatis, 1-2-furcatis, apicibus acuminatis; conceptaculis numerosis
valde prominentibus.

Growing on boulders in the middle littoral belt. Islands of San
Juan County and vicinity, Washington.

Type, Gardner no. 2347 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201200), Waldron
Island, San Juan County, Washington, July, 1910.

This form is fairly abundant in the moderately quiet waters among
the islands of San Juan County, AVashington, and extends into the
upper Sound region. It varies considerably in size, both in length
and in width of the fronds. Specimens 3 to 4 cm. in height have been
taken in full fruit, but these were depauperate forms, in the upper

20 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

limit of the belt in which they grow. The striking features of this
form are the short bunchy habit, the abundance of well developed
receptacles appearing simultaneously, and the numerous large caeco-
stomata making the fronds rough, particularly prominent on drying.

Fucus furcatus f. cornutus f. nov.
Plate 7

Frondes subcoriaceae, 20-30 cm. altae, regulariter dichotomae,
obscure olivaceo-virides vel obscure olivaceo-brunneae siccatae atrae;
segmentis divergentibus, linearibus vel iis angustioribus paullo cuneatis
vel iis latioribus raanifeste cuneatis, 5-6 mm. latis, apicibus acuminatis.
truncatis, costa distincte exposita, prominente, superne paululum
evanida, alis angustis, caecostomatibus sparsissimis, parvis, 10-20 in
quoquo cm. quadrato ; receptaculis distincte definitis, valde variabilibus,
complanatis vel inflatis, vulgo quam segmentis multo latioribus.
integris, vel bifurcatis, 2-4 cm. longis, obtusis vel acuminatus, apicibus
vulgo a laterale reflexis ; conceptaculis non numerosis, inconspicuis.

Growing on rocks in the middle and lower littoral belts. From
Yakutat Bay, Alaska, to Victoria, British Columbia.

Type, Gardner, no. 3993a (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201193), Sitka,
Alaska, July, 1917.

Fucus evanescens f. cornutus, Saunders, Alg. Harriman Exp., 1901,
p. 432, pi. 62, fig. 2; Collins, Mar. Alg. Vancouver Isl., 1913, p. Ill ;
Collins, Holdeu and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer. (Exsicc), no. 927.

I have not seen the Saunders' specimen, but have based my judg-
ment upon his description and figure qiioted above, which seem to
agree very well with my specimen from Sitka. He states that some
of the receptacles are up to 7 cm. long, being much longer than an>-
which I have seen.

The narrow fronds with prominent midribs and the very dark color
make this form clase to certain narrow forms of cdentatiis, but the
absence of cryptostomata and the small caecostomata relate it to the
furcatus group. It has the least number of caecostomata of all the
forms with which I am familiar, certain specimens being nearly free
from them. In this character the form approaches very closely to the
edentatus group.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucics on the Pacific Coast 21

Fucus furcatus f. nigricans f. nov.

Plate 8

Frondes comparative fragiles, tenues, membranaceae-, 35-45 cm.
altae, regulariter dichotomae, obscure olivaceo-viridis, siccatae atrae,
angiilis latis paulum rotiindatisque ; segmentis inf erne cuneatis superne
linearibus, ad segmenta terminalia 3-4 infra apicibus ad costam
diminiiatis, ad singulem axillam diminnatis, usque ad 18-24 mm. latis ;
eosta angusta distincta, pereursa, alis tenuibus, caecostomatibus 70-80
in qnoquo cm. quadrato, parvis, obscuris; receptaculis 2.5-3.5 cm.
longis, complanatis vel inflatis, integris vel bifidis, manifeste definitis,
apicibus plerumque acutis reflexisque.

Growing on boulders and rock ledges in the middle of the littoral
belt. Cattle Point, south end of San Juan Island, Washington.

Type Gardner, no. 2352h (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201195), July,
1910.

Plate 8 represents the type specimen of this form. Comparison of
this plate with a representation of the type specimen of Kjellman's
F. evanescens f. cornutus on plate 55 shows the much more pronounced
cornute habit of the receptacles than Kjellman's plant possesses. In
this habit, forma nigricans is closely akin to forma cormttus, but differs
from it in the following characters : thinner fronds which are more
cartilaginous, darker color, black on drying, in having widely divergent
segments and in having an abundance of caecostomata.

Fucus furcatus f. elongatiis f. nov.
Plate 9

Frons sparse ramosa, distincte arborescens, parum f oliacea, 3-5 dm.
alta, regulariter dichotoma, angulis latis rotundatisque, obscure
olivaceo-viridis, siccata obscure olivaceo-brunnea, segmentis longis,
10-18 mm. latis. cuneatis, segmento terminale saepe ovato. puncto
crescente parum depresso, costa angusta evidente, ^oilgo superne
luteola. alis inferne attritis, ad 4-5 segmenta terminalia persistentibus.
caecostomatibus variabilibus vulgo numerosis, usque ad 450 in quoquo
cm. quadrato, cryptostomatibus paueis, sparsis. paraphysum fasces
longos exsertes gerentibus ; receptaculis obscure brunneis vel luteolis,
aut complanatis aut multo inflatis, distincte definitis, integris emargi-
natis vel bifidis, obtu.sis vel acutis, 3-5 cm. longis; eonceptaculis nee
prominentibus neque numerosis.

Growing on boulders in the lower littoral belt in localities exposed
to the surf. South end of San Juan Island, Washington, and Sunset
Beach, near the mouth of Coos Bay, Oregon.

• Type, Gardner, no. 2793 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201178), Sunset
Beach, Oregon, May, 1914.

22 University of California Publications i)i Botany [Vol. 10

This form is intermediate, in several of its characters, between
F. fiircatus f. lypicns and /''. furcatus f. luxurians. On drying it is
smoother than either of the above mentioned forms, the caecostomata
not standing out so prominently.

The type (plate 9) was collected in May, and, although fruiting
abundantly, may possibly be immature, judging from the number of
blunt receptacles. No. 2352&, Gardner, from San Juan Island, was
collected in July and the receptacles have apparently reached their
maximum size. The plants from this locality are scarcely typical in
every respect. The fronds average slightly narrower and the caeco-
stomata are much fewer, but it seems too close to be segregated under
a form name. Gardner, no. 1973 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 132743, and
in Collins, Holden, and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer. (Exsicc), no. CX,
sub F. cvanescens f. niacrocepliaJus Kjellm.) is typical of f. elongatus
in color, character of branching, having mostly wide and usually
rounded angles, character of segments and receptacles, but varies from
the type in having very few caecostomata. It is certainly quite dif-
ferent from Kjellman's F. evanescens f. macrocephalus in all of its
important characters. Compare plate 9 with plate -iQ, representing
Kjellman's type.

Fucus furcatus f. luxurians f. nov.
Plate 10

Frons distincte caulescens, cartilaginosa, alis attritis, costa densa
in complanatum stipitem transeunti, regulariter dichotoma, 4—5 dm.
usque ad 9 dm. alta, obscure olivaceo-viridis vel olivaeeo-brunnea, costa
receptaculisque luteolis, disco radicali magno firmoque; segmentis
variabilibus la,te cuneatis vel fere linearibus, saepe ad costam oblique
fissentibus, 1.5-3 cm. latis, terminale saepe latiori rotundatoque, caeco-
stomatibus numerosissimis, 300-350 in quoquo cm. quadrato, crypto-
stomatibus sparsis, paraphysum fasces longe exsertes gerentibus ; re-
ceptaculis manifeste definitis, 4-6 cm. longis, complanatis vel aeum-
inatis; conceptaculis numerosissimis.

Growing on l)oulders and rock ledges in the middle of the littoral
belt. Northern and central California.

Type, Gardner, no. 4327 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201220), INIoss
Beach, San Mateo County, California, July, 1918.

Plate 10 represents a plant of this form in mature fruit, producing
receptacles for the first time. The receptacles in tliis specimen are
all complanate, a condition which prevails very commonly, but in
certain localities the receptacles are tumid and mucilaginous.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 23

Forma luxurians is closely related to forma typicus. The two
forms often grow intermingled, but may readily be distinguished by
differences in size and color, forma luxurians being much more robust,
and of a lighter brownish or yellowish color in the upper parts, par-
ticularly the receptacles. The southern limit of the form, as of all
forms of Fucus so far as is at present known, is Oil Port, San Luis
Obispo County, California. The northern limit has not yet been deter-
mined, but it probably extends as far north as Cape Flattery, Wash-
ington, where there is an intermingling of several forms whose limits
have not yet been determined. It merges into forma elongatus from
Coos Bay, Oregon, which I have segregated, as is illustrated on plate 9.

The plants persist for several years, are in fullest fruit in early
summer, although some receptacles may be found at any season of the
year. Always a portion of the segments resulting from forking remains
sterile. These continue to grow and branch, forming segments for the
next year's receptacles, while the other segments fruit and disintegrate,
leaving the midrib of the segment as a pointed projection. The plants
do not seem to proliferate. Many of the alae split obliquely to the
midrib, giving them a serrate appearance. Plants growing at Pacific
Grove, California, which I have referred to this form, are subject to
this habit quite generally. I have noticed also that in this locality the
plants have a decided tendency, toward the end of the growing season
of the receptacles, to establish several meristematic regions on the
ends of the receptacles, some of which produce quite prominent and
pointed projections with a tendency to becoming vegetative, as many as
ten having been observed on a single receptacle with a common wide
base.

Fucus furcatus f. reflexus f . nov.

Plates 11, 11a, and 12

Frondes foliaceae, subcartilaginosae, 30-45 cm. altae, regulariter
dichotomae, obscure olivaceo-virides vel obscure olivaceo-castaneae,
angulis saepissime latissimis rotundatisque ; segmentis inf erne cuneatis,
terminalia saepe obovatis, 8-25 mm. latis, apicibus rotundatis, puncto
crescente paululum depresso, costa angusta distincta, superne paullo
evanida, caecostomatibus numero variabilibus, 50-150 in quoquo cm.
quadrato; receptaculis manifeste definitis, substipitatis, complanatis,
ellipsoideis, integris vel bifidis, late patentibus; conceptaculis parvis
numerosisque.

Growing on boulders in the lower littoral belt. Point Defiance,
Tacoma, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2190 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201145), May,
1910.

24 University of California Publications in Botany [^o^. lo

The consistency of this form is somewhat like that of the evanescens
group, the tissues being more delicate and soft than those of the
typical furcatus forms. I have placed it in the- furcatus group on
account of the color, dark olive green to dark olive brown, and the
presence of cryptostomata in abundance.

Many of the terminal segments are very broadly ovate, almost
stipitate, on account of the narrowing of their bases, producing broad
rounded angles between the segments (plate 12). The growing points
differ from those of all other forms observed on our coast, the apices
of the segments being rounded and smooth, but with slight incon-
spicuous slits to indicate the position of the growing point.

The receptacles, particularly when young, have the pronounced and
distinguishing character of spreading very widely from each other at
their bases, in some instances standing at right angles, or even more,
to each other. Many segments have the character of reducing their
Mddth at each forking, the terminal segments forming the stipelike
portion bearing the much wider receptacles.

Fucus furcatus f. rigidus f. nov.
Plate 13

Frondes robustae, rigidae, cartilaginosae, 30-45 em. altae, dicho-
tomae vel subseeundae, obscure olivaeeo- virides, siccatae atrae, costa
et receptaculis subtus olivaceo-viridibus, supra olivaceo-brunneae vel
luteolis, angulis saepissime rotundatis; segmentis linearibus vel paullo
cuneatis, strictis, 1.5-3 cm. latis, apicibus truncatis, costa prominente,
caecostomatibus 60-100 in quoquo em. quadrato ; receptaculis indis-
tincte definitis, ccTmplanatis, linearibus, apicibus acuminatis, 2-3-
furcatis, 12-20 mm. latis, 5-8 cm. longis; conceptaculis magnis partem
cuneatem e receptaculo costam decurrentem vestientibus.

Growing on boulders in the lower littoral belt. Port Townsend
and west coast of Whidbey Island, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 1982 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201138), Port
Townsend, Washington, July, 1908. Gardner, no. 2352a (Herb. Univ.
Calif., no. 201214), from San Juan Island, seems also to belong here.
Most of the specimens of this latter collection have shorter receptacles
with wider base and with most attenuate and divergent apices.

According to my conception of this form, its phylogenetic position
• is between forma latifrons and forma luxurians. From the former it
differs in having a more rigid cartilaginous structure, in having nar-
rower and more strict segments, and in having longer and narrower
receptacles. From the latter it differs in having more strict and more
nearly linear segments and longer and narrower receptacles.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 25

Fucus furcatus f. latifrons f. nov.

Plate 14

Frons distincte foliacea, contorta, comparative tenuis, 25-35 cm.
longa, inferne obscure olivaceo-brunnea, superne pallide brunnea,
siccata atra, dichotoma. angulis vulgo acutis ; segmentis cuneatis, seg-
mentis termiualibus vulgo rotundatis, 2-3.5 cm. latis, costa inferne
prominente, superne distincte diminuante, caecostomatibus 40-80 in
quoquo cm. quadrato ; reeeptaculis indistincte definitis, complanatis,
2-3-furcatis, vulgo acutis ; conceptaculis amplis, vulgo costam descend-
entibus, segmenti partem cuneatam vestientibus.

Growing on rocks in the middle and lower littoral belts. Channel
Rocks, near Fort Ward, west of Seattle, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 1972 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201221), August,
1908. Fucus evanescens f. pergranclis, Collins, Holden, and Setchell,
Phyc. Bor.-Amer. (Exsicc), no. XCI.

In width of fronds, this form of F. furcatus overlaps or merges
into forms of F. .evanescens, e.g., forma magnificus. I am placing it
under furcatus on account of the dark olive green color, more or less
cartilaginous consistency, and particularly on account of the abund-
ance of eaecostomata.

It is closely related to F. furcatus f. rigidus, but the fronds are
more foliaceous, the receptacles are wider and shorter and the eaeco-
stomata are less abundant.

Fucus furcatus f. contortus f. nov.

Plate 15

Frons 20-30 cm. alta, inferne caulescens, superne foliacea, robusta,
cartilaginosa, valde contorta, dichotoma vel subdichotoma, inferne
olivaceo-viridis, superne luteola. siccata obscure olivaceo-castanea ; seg-
mentis inferne cuneatis marginibus crispatis, superne linearibus, supra
axillas diminuatis, 2-2.5 cm. latis, apieibus rotundatis, depressione
crescente parva, costa prominente, caecostomatibus 250-300 in quoquo
cm. quadrato, siecatis minute papillosis; reeeptaculis complanatis,
4-7 cm. longis, indistincte definitis.

Growing in quiet water on boulders in the lower littoral belt. Near
Bellingham, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2335 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201189), July.
1910.

A dried fragment of a plant of this form is shown on plate 15.
The form seems to be quite distinct from all others. Its color, its
rigid, cartilaginous consistency, its relatively wide fronds, its large

26 Vwiversity of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

number of eaecostomata, its contorted and crisped habit of growth are
characters not found combined in any other known form. The plants
were found growing in great profusion, in good vegetative condition
in midsummer. The fruiting season apparently is in the winter, as
onl}^ a few^ well developed receptacles could be found.

Fucus furcatus f. variabilis f. nov.

Plates 16 and 17

Frons caulescens, superne foliacea, 25-40 cm. alta, subcartilaginosa,
dichotoma vel partim subsecunda, obscure olivaceo-viridis vel olivaceo-
brunnea, siccata atra, costa et receptaculis luteolis ; segmentis linear-
ibus vel paullo cuneatis, 2-3.5 cm. latis, plerumque supra axillas in
latere diminuatis, costa vale exposita, percursa, caecostomatibus in
numero variabilibus, paucis usque ad 75 in quoquo cm. quadrato;
receptaculis forma et magnitudine variabilibus. manifeste definitis,
inflatus et mucosis vel complanatis, integris obtusisque vel 2-3-furcatis
acuminatisque.

Growing on rock ledges in quiet bays in the middle of the littoral
belt. Sitka, Alaska.

Type, Gardner, no. 3993 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201219), July,
1917.

A close relationship seems to exist between this form of F. furcatus
and F. evanescens f. magnificus. The color, eaecostomata characters,
and the rigid, more or less cartilaginous consistency of the fronds are
characters that belong to the furcatus group. The width of segments
and particularly the fruiting habit (see under F. evanescens forma
magnificus) are very similar to those of that form. The eaecostomata
vary much in number. In some specimens they are practically absent,
while in others there may be seventy-five or perhaps more to the square
centimeter. They are mostly large, deep-seated and inconspicuous on
drying, except by transmitted light. Specimens with but a few eaeco-
stomata usually have a few small cryptostomata.

Fucus nitens sp. nov.

Plates 18 and 19

Frondes paululum flaccidae, coriaceae, 30-40 cm. altae, regulariter
dichotomae, obscure brunneae vel luteolae, in sicco valde brunneae;
segmentis strictis, 9-18 mm. latis, levibus nitidisque. cuneatis, ter-
minal ibus latioribus, paullo ovatis, truncatis, puncto crescente parum
depresso, costa paullo prominente, cryptostomatibus nullis vel spar-
sissimis; receptaculis luteolis, juvenibus complanatis, saepe demum
tumidis, 2-3-furcatis, interdum usque ad 10 cm. longis; conceptaculis
magnis.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 27

Growing on boulders and rock ledges. San Francisco Bay, Cali-
fornia.

Type, Gardner, no. 2165 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201150),
Sausalito, California.

This relatively small group of Fucus plants, although very much
circumscribed in its distribution, seems so distinctly marked off in its
combination of characters from other species, particularly from those
in the southern portion of the range covered in this paper, that it is
worthy of specific rank. The combination of characters that dis-
tinguish this species consists of the following: relatively long and
narrow, smooth and glossy fronds, strict, even overlapping habit of
the terminal and subterminal segments, the dark brown color with
yellowish receptacles at maturitj^, absence of caecostomata, and the
cryptostomata, when present, are inconspicuous. Its affinities with
F. edentatus may possibly be traced, but they seem too remote to merit
much serious consideration. The somewhat coriaceous consistency of the
fronds suggests relationship in that particular with certain forms of
evanescens, but on the whole it inclines more, in its consistency, to the
cartilaginous consistency of F. furcatus, under which I have con-
sidered placing it. I have observed this species with considerable care
throughout all seasons of the year for the last twenty years. In its
typical habitat it seems thoroughly fixed as a distinct entity.

The chief association of plants extends along the rocky shore from
the harbor at Sausalito to Point Cavallo, a distance of about two miles.
There are a few smaller groups at other points in the Bay, but in all
of these localities the waters are more quiet than along the shores of
the Golden Gate out to the Pacific Ocean. In the localities where
they are found they are never intermixed with any forms of F.
furcatus, the only other known species on the California coast. No
plants of F. nit ens have ever been found growing on either side of the
Golden Gate for some distance inside of the entrance. From Point
Cavallo to some distance west of Lime Point, an interesting association
exists for which I have no way of accounting, except by hybridization
between these two species. A variety of intermediates exist. There
are yellowish brown plants with inflated, yellowish, bi-, tri-furcate
receptacles like those in the quiet waters of the Bay, but filled with
hundreds of small caecostomata characteristic of F. furcatus; and
there are plants with flat receptacles and olive green, cartilaginous
fronds but which are smooth and glossy and wholly lacking in caeco-
stomata, characters belonging to F. nitens. These and other combina-

28 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

tions of modifications lead me to believe that these two species must
hybridize in this locality.

Both species are synoicous and hence it would be very difficult to
carry out definite hybridizing experiments.

Fucus edentatus De la Pyl.

Plate 60, figure 1

"F. fronde longa valida, linear! dichotoma, integerrima, nervo
percurrente plerumque vix tumido vel obsoleto; conceptaculis ter-
minalibus, planis, simplicibus; lineari-lanceolatis ; parum acutis, vulgo
geminatis aut basi connatis, fronde non latioribus. "

De la Pylaie, Flor. Terre-Neuve, 1829, p. 84.

Fronds usually narrow, more or less flaccid, regularly dichotomous,
olive green to olive brown or yellowish, usually very black on drying;
segments mostly decidedly linear, at times cuneate, midrib distinct,
percurrent, cryptostomata few or none, receptacles mostly narrow,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, inflated or complanate.

Growing in the middle and upper littoral belts. From Sitka,
Alaska, to Coos Bay, Oregon.

For a discussion of this species major see page 10.

Fucus edentatus f. hesperius f. nov.

Plate 21

Frondes arborescentes, 30-40 cm. altae, angustae, coriaceae, dicho-
tomae, obscure olivaceo-virides, in sicco atrae, stipite cylindrato; seg-
mentis strictis, linearibus, 5-10 mm. latis, apicibus truncatis et valde
expositis, prominentibus, costis percursis; cryptostomatibus nullis vel
summe infrequentibus, receptaculis plerumque complanatis vel partim
valde inflatis, 2-3-furcatis, linearibus, 3-4.5 cm. longis apicibus acutis ;
conceptaculis numerosis.

Growing on rock ledges exposed to the action of the surf, in the
upper third of the littoral belt. Cape Arago, at the entrance to Coos
Bay, Oregon.

Type, Gardner, no. 2653 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201159), May,
1914.

This form grew in abundance in company with F. furcatus f.
angustus. The two groups of plants were, however, in slightly different
altitudes in the belt, and were not indiscriminately intermixed. AVhen
the two sets of plants are dried, they are easily distinguishable by the
smoothness of the segments, forma hesperius being smooth and usually
shining, while forma angustus is rough, due to caecostomata, and is of
a duller color.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fiicus on the Pacific Coast 29

Forma Jiesperius seems closely related to or is at least very similar
to a narrow, smooth, dark colored form that grows on the Atlantic
coast of the United States, which has been referred to different species
by different authors. There is a good specimen of it contributed by
Howe, under no. 150, to the Herbarium of the University of California,
no. 77184, labelled F. edentatus. The specimen in Professor Setchell's
copy of Farlow, Anderson, and Eaton's Algae Exsiccatae Americae
Borealis, no. 108. is almost identical with Howe's specimen, but is
referred to F. furcatus. I have examined no. 119 of Hauck and
Richter's Phykotheka Universalis, labeled Fucus edentatus De la Pyl.
and contributed by Collins, from ]\larblehead, JMassachusetts. This
specimen seems to be identical with the two above mentioned. It is
my opinion that all three collections should be referred to F. edentatus
De la Pyl.. and, judging from the figure and description of the type
as quoted above, very clearly represent the typical form of the species.
None of the Atlantic specimens referred to above have eaeeo.stomata.

Fucus edentatus f. divergens f. jiov.
Plate 22

Frondes coriaceae, leves nitidaeque, 28-38 cm. altae, regulariter
dichotomae, obscure olivaceo-virides, siccatae atrae ; segmentis diverg-
entibus 7-11 mm., usque ad 15 mm. latis. inferne cuneatis, superne
linearibus, supra axillas paullo diminuatis, terminalibus truncatis.
puncto creseente inconspicuo, costa manifeste distincta, percursa,
cryptostomatibus et caecostomatibus nullis vel sparsissimis ; receptaculis
3-6 cm. usque ad 12 cm. longis, manifeste definitis, quam segmentis
multo latioribus. integris vel 1-2-fureatis, vulgo late divergentibus,
apicibus acumiuatis vel acutis; conceptaculis numerosis prominen-
tibusque.

Growing on rock ledges in the lower littoral belt. Kanaka Bay.
San Juan Island, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2338 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201173), July.
1910.

■This form of edentatus is closely related to forma Jiesperius. The
fronds average somewhat wider, more robust, the angles between the
segments are very much wider and more rounded, and the receptacles
mostly deeply bifurcate or single, widely diverging. The average
width of the segments is about 10 mm., but a few specimens were found
with extremely narrow segments, about 3 mm. Tliese were profusely
branched, with wide angles, and small diverging receptacles. Also a
few specimens were found with the characters of the form, but were
15 mm. wide. These few specimens I have considered as the extremes
in individual variation in this particular character.

30 University of California Fuhlications in Botany [Vol. lo

Fucus edentatus f. costatus f. nov.

Plates 23 and 24

Frons tennis, subcoriacea, 15-25 cm. alta, regulariter dichotoma,
hiteola; segmentis manifeste linearibus, comparative longis. supra
axillas in latere diminuatis, usque ad 5-8 mm. latis, terminalibus
2-4 mm. latis. costa valde exposita, percursa, alis angustis et mem-
branaceis, cryptostomatibus sparsis, prominentibus ; reeeptaculis mani-
feste definitis, integris vel vulgo bitidis, 20-35 cm. longis, apicibus
aeutis; conceptaculis paullo numerosis conspicuisque.

Growing on rocks in the lower third of the littoral belt. Lower
Puget Sound region, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2333 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201199). East
Sound, Orcas Island, Washington, July, 1910.

Fucus evanescens f. angustus, Gardner, no. 694, and in Collins,
Holden, and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer. (Exsicc), no. 926 (cf. Setchell
and Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 284) . This form does not seem
to be very generally distributed in the Puget Sound region, having been
observed in only a few localities.

The plants distributed in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana as
no. 926 were from the type locality, but were taken from the upper
limit of the belt of distribution when the tide was well in. They are
considerably battered and worn away, and thus cannot be said to be
in typical condition. Plate 23 represents a young plant, the type,
mostly in typical vegetative condition. Plate 24 represents two plants,
showing the extremes in variation in the width of the fronds. Speci-
mens as narrow as the narrower sterile one on the plate are rare,
and at some future time may have to be considered as distinct. The
illustrations were all made from dried material.

This form resembles closely F. evanescens f. angnsitis Kjellm. in
width of fronds, and was so referred as is cited above. Subsequent to
the above publications, material of that species, collected and deter-
mined by Kjellman on the Vega expedition, has been received at the
Herbarium of the University of California (no. 132699). The lack of
a prominent percurrent midrib, almost complete absence of crypto-
stomata, and especially the very small rece|>tacles of Kjellman 's
material, point out unmistakably that our plant is of a different lineage.

19-2] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 31

Fucus edentatus f. acutus f. nov.
Plate 25

Frondes 9-15 cm. altae, disco comparative lato planoque oriiindae,
dichotomae, an^ilis acutis. olivaceo-virides, siccatae atrae ; segmentis
linearibus, 3-4 mm. latis, apieibns trimeatis, costa valde prominente,
percurrente, alis comparative angustis, persistentibus, cryptostomat-
ibus sparsis ; receptaculis singulis aut valde bifurcatis, ad finibus qui-
bn.sque attenuatis. 2-2.5 cm. longis.

Growing on sandstone in the middle littoral belt. Bellingham
(Fairhaven), Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 189 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201137).

Fucus in flat us f. linearis Setchell and Gardner. Alg. N. W. Amer.,
1903, p. 280.

The very dark color on drying, the absence of caecostomata, and
the sparseness of cryptostomata in this form seem amply sufficient to
ally it with the edentatus group rather than with the seemingly more
imperfectly defined group infiatus. The linear arrangement of the
cryptostomata in two rows along the prominent midrib and the rela-
tively small, pointed receptacles distinguish it from all other forms
of edentatus.

Fucus edentatus f . divaricatus f . nov.

Plate 26

Frondes fragiles, plerumque 12-22 cm., rariore usque ad 32 cm.
altae, regnlariter dichotomae, angulis latis, stipite et ramis infernis
fere teretis, saturate olivaceo-brunneae, receptaculis plerumque lutes-
centibus, segmentis angaiste linearibus, latitudine ad f ureas quasque
parvis diminuatis, terminalibus acutis, 2-5 mm. latis, costa usque ad
apices valde evoluta, alis fere deuntibus, cryptostomatibus paucis et
inaecpialiter distributis; receptaculis definite delimitatis, subulatis aut
leviter complanatis, 2.5-4.5 cm. longis, plerumque simplicibus aut
valde furcatis; conceptaculis conspicuis.

Growing on ledges of sandstone in the lower littoral belt. Belling-
ham. Washington. Comox and Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, British
Columbia.

Type, Gardner, no. 2336a (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201198), Bell-
ingham, Washington, July, 1910.

Fucus in flat us f . filiformis, Setchell and Gardner, Alg. N. W. Amer.,
1903, p. 281 ; Collins, Mar. Alg. Vancouver Isl., 1913. p. 111.

Since collecting this form at "Fairhaven." a town later incorpor-
ated with Bellingham, Washington, I have had an opportunity to

32 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

study much more extensively in the same general locality. As reported
in Setchell and Gardner {Inc. cii .) , it was found growing on sand
rocks. It is (|uite common on the sand rock ledges of that vicinity, but
I have learned that its normal habitat is farther down in the littoral
belt than was first reported. There were Imt a few plants growing in
the first locality mentioned, on a ledge in the upper littoral belt, but
in a shaded location. The majority of the specimens were very much
dwarfed. The average height in their normal habitat is about 16 cm.,
although some specimens were found up to 32 cm. high. Gardner,
no. 2336a, plate 26, represents a fruiting plant of medium height from
this collection.

Fucus membranaceus sp. nov.

Frondes magnitudine variabiles parvae vel usque ad 4 dm. altae.
manifeste membranaceae, obscure olivaceo-brunneae vel superne
luteolae ; segmentis linearibus vel paullo cuneatis, strictis. alls mera-
branaceis, costa comparative parva distincta et percursa, crypto-
stomatibus sparsis, plerumque ad segmenta tt^rminalia et subterminalia
dispositis. comparative parvis in sicco papillosis. receptaculis vulgo
complanatis, partim inflatis, bifidis aeuminatisque.

Growing in the littoral bolt. From the Bering Sea to Puget Sound.
Washington.

For a discussion of this species major see page 11.

Fucus membranaceus f. abbreviatus f. nov.

Plate 27

Frondes breves, membranaceae, flabelliformes, deconipasite dicho-
tomo ramosissimae, 8-14 cm. altae ; segmentis strictis, anguste cuneatis
vel sublinoaribus. 5-9 mm. latis. apice truncatis. costa panmi promi-
nente paululum evanescente, alls tenuibus cryptostomatibus in seg-
mentis terminal ibus 20-40 in quoque cm. quadrato, ad partem frondis
inf eriorem paucis, parvis siccatis evidentioribus ; receptaculis bifidis,
plerumque muco inflatis. apice acuminatis aut truncatis, paullo divari-
catis distincte definitis; conce])taculis numerosis, promincntibus.

Growing on rock ledges exposed to heavy surf, in tlu' ui)])(M' limit
of the littoral belt. Sitka, Alaska.

Type, Gardner, no. 3995& (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201192 V -Tiily.
1917.

Forma abbreviatus grew on the same islet on wliidi forma acnm-
i)iatus was found growing, but mostly higher up. some specimens were
even above menn high-tide level. Tt differs from forma nnn)iiiiaf}(!<

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fiicus on the Pacific Coast 38

principally in having shorter fronds, relatively much broader and
shorter receptacles, fewer cryptostomata, and it is less mucilaginous.
It seems closely akin to J. Agardh's Fucus hursigeriis from Spitz-
bergen, but it is more robust, and much more profusely branched than
his description and figure call for (cf. J. Agardh, Spets. Alg. Till.,
1868, pp. 41, 42, pi. 3). I have seen the specimen of Kjellman's F.
evanescens f. hursigera, also collected at Spitzbergen. The plants of
Agardh and of Kjellman are undoubtedly of the same lineage, and
they are probably allied more closely to the evanescens lineage than
to any other. The Sitka plants under consideration, on the whole,
and particularly on account of size and consistency, seem closer to the
memhranaceus group than to the evanescens group. The two groups
certainly OA^erlap through these two forms.

Fucus membranaceus f. acuminatus f. nov.

Plate 28

Frons eaulescens. 12-20 cm. alta, decomposite dichotoma. ramos-
sima, brunnea aut fulva ; segmentis paullo cuneatis interdum linearibus,
4—9 mm. latis, truncatis, costa in partem inferiorem distincta, infra
receptaculis diminuatis, alis tenuibus membranaceis, cryptostomatibus
paucis vel 50-60 in quoquo cm. quadrato. saepissime infra receptaculis
ad segmenta, ad partes vetustas deficientibus, minimis, siccatis eviden-
tioribus; receptaculis numerosis, regulariter et profunde furcatis vel
interdum unicis, saepissime complanatis. angustis, acutis, 2-3 em.
longis; coneeptaculis numerosis.

Growing on rock ledges exposed to heavy surf, in the upper littoral
belt. Sitka, Alaska.

Type, Gardner, no. 3905 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201177), July,
1917.

This form was encountered but once. It was growing in abundance
on a small rocky island in front of the Sitka harbor. It grew well
up in the littoral belt, exposed to the heavy action of the surf. The
plants growing in the most exposed places are quite arborescent in
character, the alae wearing away up to the last two or three segments,
leaving the much thickened midrib. In depressions and less exposed
situations, the alae were usually wider and remained on the fronds
longer. The plants in this group become exceedingly mucilaginous on
being soaked out after a thorough drv'ing.

34 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. lo

Fucus membranaceus f. obtusus f . nov.

Plate 29

Frons gracilis, plus minus caulescens, membranaeea, 30-40 cm. alta,
dichotoma, olivaceo-viridis vel" castanea, siccata obscure brunnea ; seg-
mentis strictis, linearibus val parum euneatis, comparative longis.
10-16 mm. latis, costa percursa, alis tenuibus, cryptostomatibus et
caecostomatibus numero paene aequalibus, 30-40 in quoquo cm. (piad-
rato, parvis, siccatis papillosis; receptaculis definitis, multo intlatis,
plerumque singularibus, partim bifidis, 2.5-4 cm. longis, 1-1.5 cm.
latis, truncatis, luteolis; conceptaculis plus minus numerosis, com-
parative parvis, non protrudentibus.

Growing on rocks in the middle and lower littoral belts. Sitka.
Alaska.

Type, Gardner, no. 2221 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201155). June,
1910.

This form has characters linking together forma acuminatus and
forma typicus of this species. It has the arborescent habit common to
both forms, the width of the fronds is intermediate, and the receptacles
are mostly simple and blunt, like neither form.

Fucus membranaceus f. typicus f. nov.

Plates 30 and 31

Frons caulescens, 28-40 cm. alta, flaccida. membranaeea, dichotoma,
alis inferne attritis, costam comparative parvam, crassam cylindratam
relinquentibus luteolis; segmentis anguste euneatis vel linearibus,
10-18 mm. latis, puncto crescente in deprcvssione parva lunata dis-
posito, costa parum exposita, alis tenuibus, cryptostomatibus parvis,
20-25 in quoquo cm. quadrato, siccatis evidentibus, plerumque ad seg-
menta terminalia et subterminalia dispositis, receptaculis comparative
amplis, distincte definitis, plerumque inflatis, bifidis, apicibus longe
acuminatis; conceptaculis parum numerosis, comparative parvis, ob
colorem castaneum conspicuis.

Growing on rock ledges and boulders in the middle of the littornl
belt. Sitka, Alaska.

Type, Gardner, no. 3996 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201213), July.
1917.

I have taken this form to be the typical form of the species major,
more or less arbitrarily, it is true, but largely because it is a medium
among the known members of the group. I know of no way that one
could tell that it has given rise to all or to any of the other forms, oi-
that any one of the other forms has given rise to it. in fact whence
any of the forms came. The form was sparsely interspersed in groups
among the multiplicity of forms growing in tlie vicinity of Sitka. Tt

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 35

may be readily recognized by its light yellowish color, its mostly
inflated receptacles, and by its moderately narrow, long, membra-
naceous fronds.

Fucus membranaceus f . limitatus f . nov

Plate 32

Frondes manifeste membranaceae, 22-32 em. altae, dichotomae.
pallide liiteolae, siccatae obscure brunneae, stipite et disco radicali
fragilibus; segmentis strietis, vulgo cuneatis, plerumque ad axillas
latioribus. 12-20 mm. latis, lobis terminalibus rotundatis, puncto cres-
cente paullo depresso. costa non prominente, alls tenuibus, crypto-
stomatibus sparsissimis et non conspicuis; receptaculis vulgo inflatis.
bifidis, apicibus acuminatis vulgo divergentibus magnitudine valde
variabilibus. usque ad 5 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis; conceptaculis sparsis
non prominentibus.

Growing on rocks, logs, etc., in sheltered localities in the upper
third of the littoral belt. Point Defiance, Tacoma, AVashington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2189 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201160), May,
1910.

It is not easy to delineate the distinctive characters of this form
associating it with the membranaceus group, rather than with the
evanescens group. In many specimens the midrib is quite indistinct.
The cryptostomata characters are quite as much of the one group as of
the other. I am placing it provisionally with the former group largely
on account of the predominance of inflated receptacles, on the mem-
branaceous character of the fronds, and on the color.

Two forms of Fucus were found growing at Point Defiance, rep-
resenting an interesting case in distribution. Forma limitatus occupied
for the most part the extreme upper portion of the littoral belt, and
grew on logs and boulders. F. furcatus f. reflexus grew on boulders
and occupied the lower third, with an occasional plant of either form
invading the central part.

Fucus membranaceus f . latissimus f. nov.

Plates 33 and 34

Frondes foliaceae, membranaceae, crispatae, dichotomae. 22-35 cm.
altae, inferne obscure olivo-virides, superne fulvae disco radicali parvo,
stipite complanato ; segmentis superne paululum ovatis, inferne
angustioribus cuneatisque, subterminalibus 4-6 cm. latis, costa com-
parative angusta pereursa. alis tenuibus, membranaceis, saepe inflatis,
marginibus undulatis apicibus rotundatis et levibus, puncto cres-
cente inconspicuo, cryptostomatibus 15-20 in quoquo cm. quadrato.
paraphyses multas protrusas producentibus, siccatis prominentibus;
receptaculis sparsis, complanatis, indistincte definitis. basi latioribus.
bi-tri-furcatis.

36 Universilij of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

Growing on boulders in the extreme lower littoral belt. Kadiak
Island and Ritka, Ala.ska.

Til June, 1910. I first observed this form growing in the harbor at
Sitka, but at that time I was unable to obtain good fruiting specimens.
On my second visit to the same place in July, 1917. 1 located a large bed
containing thousands of plants growing along the extreme low-tide
level, and I was able to procure a number of good fruiting specimens,
although the summer season does not seem to be its best fruiting season.
This form may be readily distinguished from all others by its width,
being the widest form in the vicinity, its membranaceous alae, its very
dark lower portion, and usually yellowish upper portion, and by its
much crisped habit of growth. Some of the plants of this species
collected by G. B. Rigg at Kadiak Island are the widest specimens of
Fucus that have been reported, some of the fronds measuring over
seven centimeters in width.

Fucus evanescens Ag.

Plate 1, figure 2

"Fronde supra medium costata linear! integerrima subdichotoma
evesiculosa, receptaculis compressis."

"Ad Saehalien, Tilesius; ad Kamtschatka, Chamisso; unde speci-
mina communicaverunt. ' '

' ' Simillimus F. vesiculosa, sed diversus. Frons magis flabelliformis.
Segmenta cuneiformia. brevia, poris tenuissimis sparsis pertnsa. Costa
subobsoleta & supra frondem parum elevata. ante apicem omnino
evanida, ita ut frons superne sit enervis. Receptacnia brevia, saepe
bifida, compressa nee inflata; tuberculata. tuberculis sparsis fere ut in
Fuco serrato. glomerulis in gelatina filamentosa immersis. "

Agardh, Sp. Alg.. vol. 1, part 1, 1820. pp. 92, 9:3.

Fronds moderately robust sometimes arborescent, usually decidedly
coriaceous, dichotomous or in part subsecund, olive brown, to yellowish
above; segments often quite foliaeeous and crisped, in some, narrow,
cuneate to linear, midrib more or less distinct, in some cases vanishing
more or less in the terminal segments, cryptostom.ata few to many,
scattered; receptacles very variable in shape and size, long and narrow
to short and blunt, bi- tri-furcate.

Growing in the littoral and upper sublittoral belts. From Bering
Sea to Coos Bay, Oregon.

In Icones Algarum Ineditae, 1821, XIII, Agardh repeats the first
paragraph of the above quotation in explanation of table XIII, which
illustrates this species, and adds. "Specimen delineatum. ad Kamts-
chatka lectum, dedit clarissiiiius (Itami.'^so. Fig. 1. Planta magni-
tudine naturali." T have here reproduced this figure on plate 1.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fuciis on the Pacific Coast 37

figure 2, reduced 0.3. As may be seen, the illustration measures about
ten and a half centimeters long and the segments fourteen millimeters
wide. There is no holdfast portion, and the illustration appears to
be of only a part of a plant, hence the height of the whole plant cannot
be determined. The receptacles are complanate and are comparatively
short, conditions which are commonly met with in most forms of Fucus
when beginning to fruit. The receptacles of the plant from which the
illustration was made were thus probably immature. For a detailed
discussion of this species major see page 11.

Fucus evanescens f. nanus Kjellm.

"F. evanescentis forma thallo circa 5 ctmr alto, 2-3 mm lato, sub-
coriaceo, irregulariter dichotomo, segmentis linearibus vel sublinear-
ibus. vulgo elongatis, costa in partibus thalli superioribus saepius
obsoleta, receptaculis (in speciminibus uostris parum evolutis) vel
ovatis vel obovatis, dichotomis, interdum deorsuin vix definitis.
Exsiccatione non nigrescit."

"Green Harbour ad seopulos prope rivuli ostium jacentes in
superiore aquae limite, ut sub refluxu maris denudaretur. Formas
banc sum forma typica connectentes in Mosselbav inveni."

Kjellman. Om "Spetsb. Thall, II, 1877a, p. 4. ^

Fronds minute, 4-5 em. high, 2-5' cm. wide, without distinct stipe
and usually without holdfast, branching very irregularly, consider-
ably twisted, color variable, yellowish brown to olive green, fruiting
sparsely; segments extremely variable in shape and size, midrib
slightly developed below, usually vanishing above, cryptostomata few
or absent ; receptacles entire or bifid, ovate-ellipsoidal or with divergent,
blunt, or acuminate apices.

Plate 37

Growing mosth' on mud flats at extreme high-tide limit, or even
considerably above, among various salt marsh plants, covered more or
less by fresh water. Yakutat Bay, Alaska, to Puget Sound, Washing-
ton.

Rev. Albin Johnson, no. 5712 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99121),
Yakutat Bay, Alaska; Gardner, no. 2256 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
201154), Sitka, Alaska; T. C. Frye (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 132931),
Tokeland, Washington.

Kjellman (loc. cit.) • De-Toni, Syll. Alg., 1895, p. 203; Setchell and
Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 285.

After considerable observation in several different localities, I have
come to the conclusion that f. nanus cannot be considered as a distinct
form of any one species, but is in reality composed of a mixture of
dwarfed plants of whatever species or forms of species that happen to

38 University o\ California Publications in Botany [Vol. lu

inhabit the region. These dwarfs are always found on mud flats, salt
marshes, and ({uite commonly at the mouths of rivers and smaller
streams where such mud flats and marshes may occur. At extreme high
tides, frequently, a great abundance of plants, of whatever species of
Fucus happens to be growing in the vicinity, are thrown up and lodge
among other plants that grow there. The spores are shed and, being
in a moist place, they germinate and persist for a longer or shorter
time. The plants are always much gnarled and distorted, and rarely
come to fruit. At the mouth of the Indian River at Sitka, Alaska, is a
favorable place for the study of such dwarfed plants. There are many
different forms of Fucus growing in the vicinity, and a great many
plants are constantly being cast up on the gradually sloping flat at the
mouth of the stream. There are enormous numbers of dwarfed plants
in all possible stages of development and distortion. One can come
to no other conclusion than that these are dwarfed plantvS, that they are
the offspring of whatever plants may by chance be thrown up there,
and that their identity can not be traced, growing as they do in such
unusually abnormal environmental conditions.

Among these abnormal environmental conditions may be mentioned,
first, inconstancy in the food supply due to frequent changes in the
salinity of the water, resulting in great differences in the osmotic
tension; .second, great variation in the temperature— the fresh water
from the river flows over them more or less, and its temperature is
near the freezing point a large part of the year; third, variation in
light intensity; and fourth, exposure to muddy water. Under such
conditions it is rather a biological wonder that any forms of the genus
persist at all, yet many small specimens produce seemingly viable
spores.

All of our forms on the Pacific coast are synoicous. This makes the
matter of tracing the ancestry of dwarfs slightly more difficult than if
dioicous forms were present, without resorting to the experimental
method by cultures.

The study of these dwarfed forms of brown seaweeds has been
pursued quite extensively by Baker (1912'i and by Baker and Bohling
(1916). They traced the ancestry of certain forms and produced
dwarfs experimentally. Some of these forms they claim to he fixed
entities. They did not, however, try the experiment of producing
sporelings from the dwarfed forms and transplanting them to a normal
habitat to ascertain if they reverted at once to the oi-iginal form.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fuciis on the Pacific Coast 39

Fucus evanescens f . cuneatus f . nov.

Plate 38

Frondes parvae, 5-10 cm. altae, membranaceae. regulariter dicho-
tomae, olivaceo-brunneae, segmentis inferioribiis distincte cuneatis,
segmentis terminalibus fere linearibiis, 4-8 mm. latis, apieibus trim-
catis, costa inconspieua, superne paulnlum evanida. cryptostomatibus
paucis, inconspicuis ; receptaciilis complanatis vel interdum inflatis,
alte bifidis. plerumque aeiiminatis. ob plantae magnitudinera compara-
tive amplis ; conceptaciilis comparative amplis numerosisque.

Growing on sandstone in the upper littoral region. Near Empire,
Coos Bay, Oregon.

Type, Gardner, no. 2785 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201196), May,
1914.

One becomes somewhat exasperated in attempting to deal with such
forms as the one above. Ordinarily it might be considered a depau-
perate form of some other well developed and characteristic form.
There w^ere several square rods of fruiting plants like those represented
on plate 38 growing on very gently sloping sandstone near high-tide
level. There were no other plants growing near, and there was seem-
ingly no reason why, from the standpoint of anchorage, they should
not grow much farther down in the littoral belt. The reduced size
could not be due to superabundance of fresh water, for several much
larger forms were found growing from three to six miles farther up
the bay where the water is much less saline. ]\Iany plants have w^ell-
developed mature receptacles.

Its general characters seem to favor its being grouped with F.
evanescens, although it will fit practically as well into the edentatus
group. I am placing it with the former until more can be learned of
its life history.

Fucus evanescens f. ecostatus f. nov.
Plate 39

Frondes submembranaceae, 12-18 cm. altae, dichotomae vel sub-
secundae, luteolae, siccatae obscure brunneae, stipite et disco radical!
f ragilissimis ; segmentis strictis. cuneatis, 5-12 mm. latis. puncto cres-
cente inconspicuo, costa indistincta, fere ad lobos terminales evanida,
alis tenuibus membranaceisque, cryptostomatibus paucis et incon-
spicuis; receptaculis variabilibus, inflatis vel complanatis. saepissime
angustis, bifidis, acuminatis; conceptaculis inconspicuis.

Growing on sandstone, wooden floats, etc.. in the upper littoral belt.
Coos Bay, Oregon.

40 University of California Fiiblications in Botany [Vol. 10

Type, Gardner, no. 2791 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201217), May,
1914.

Forma eeostatns is quite abundant at various localities from the
mouth of Coos Bay up to its headwaters where several streams of fresh
water flow in. This form seems to be definitely fixed, and does not
appear to grade into any of the forms that are found growing outside
of the bay. More investigation, however, may show that it is only a
depauperate form of some definite species; on the other hand, it may
prove to be a distinct species. It varies considerably in size and width
of the fronds. The receptacles, though mostly pointed, are at times
wide and blunt ; at least there are specimens growing in the same
habitat Avhich have the same general characters but differ only in
the character of the receptacles, and in such cases the segments are
generally wider. They are connected, however, by almost impercept-
ible gradations. The size of the plants may be somewhat influenced
by the su.bstratum, mostly wood and soft sandstone, neither of which
is suited to holding plants for a very great length of time. They
usually do not persist in such localities beyond a single fruiting period.
If the vanishing of the midrib is to be considered as having any
diagTiostie value, this form eminently belongs with the evanescens
group. The midrib in some specimens is scarcely discernible in any
part of the frond, and in all it vanishes in the terminal segments.

Fucus evanescens f. oregonensis f. nov.

Plate 40

Frons distincte caulescens, 15-20 cm. alta, subcoriacea, inferne
dichotoma, superne subsecunda. luteola; segmentis angustis. sublinear-
ibus vel paululum euneatis, 4-7 mm. latis, flaccidis, levibus. eosta
angusta inferne evidente, superne parum cvanida, cryptostomatibus
parvis, inconspicuis, 20-25 in quoquo cm. quadrato ; receptaculis
tumidis, distincte definitis. quam segmentis ea gerentibns multo latior-
ibus, integris aut bifidis, late fusif ormibus, apicibus, valde obtusis : con-
ceptaculis paululum conspicuis.

Growing on floats, piles, stones, etc., in the middle and upper lit-
toral belts. East side of Coos Bay, opposite North Bend. Oregon.

Type, Gardner, no. 2786 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201197), ]\ray,
1914.

This form seems decidedly distinct frcnii all other forms previously
described. Judging from its size, color, character of the midrib and its
general consistency, its nearest relatives are to be found in the evan-
escens group, and close to forma flahcllatus of this paper. The plants

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 41

are smaller, segments narrower and regularly dichotomous instead of
subsecund, and the receptacles are shorter and blunter. The only
locality from which it has been reported is the one given above ; there
it grew in profusion. Doubtless it may be found at other localities on
the same bay.

Fncus evanescens f. dendroides Stroem.

"F. evanescens suberectus, rigidus, stipite validissimo, trunciformi.
basin versus incrassato, longe denudato, in costam supra sensim evanes-
centem abeunte; fronde llabelliformiter dichotoma, segmentis angiistis-
simis, 2-8 mm. latis. mediis costa prominente alatis summis ecostatis;
receptaculis fusiformibus — anguste siliquaeformibus, 1-3 cm. longis,
interdum furcatis, minus verrucosis. "

Stroemfelt, Om Alg.-veg. vid. Islands Kuster, 1886, pp. 35, 36, pi. 3.

The type locality is Seley, Iceland,

Fronds distinctly caulescent, dense, coriaceous, 7-15 cm. high,
rigid, terete at the base and for some distance among the main branches,
tapering upward, the narrow alae having worn away leaving only the
much enlarged midrib, iiabellate-dichotomous, in part subsecund, pro-
fusely forked, dark olive green to olive brown, black on drying; seg-
ments strict, somewhat contorted, narrow, 5-8 mm. wide in depau-
perate specimens, cuneate to slightly linear, widest at the truncate
apices, growing point slightly depressed, midrib prominent, per-
current ; cryptostomata sparse or entirely absent ; receptacles very
abundant, single, retuse to bifurcate, subfusiform to ovoid, consider-
ably swollen, 1-3 cm. long ; coneeptacles numerous, emitting relatively
long fascicles of paraphyses.

Plate 41

Growing on rocks exposed to fairly heavy surf, in the upper and
middle littoral belts. Agattu Island to Sitka, Alaska.

Townsend, nos. 5755, 5756 (Herb. Univ. Calif., nos. 99105, 99106),
Agattu, Alaska; Gardner, no. 2227 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201148),
Sitka, Alaska; Setchell and Lawson, no. 4052 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
99095, sub Fucus evanescens f. hursiger). Summer Bay, Alaska (cf.
Setchell and Gardner, 1903, p. 285).

Stroemfelt, lac. cit.- De-Toni, Syll, Alg., 1895, p. 203; Setchell and
Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 284.

I first observed this plant in June, 1910, growing at Sitka, Alaska.
A considerable area near the upper tide limit was completely covered
with specimens. The plants were repeatedly branched, fruiting pro-
fusely, had a relatively large and strong holdfast and stipe, and varied
from 7 cm. to 15 cm. in height. Some of the plants of Setchell and
Lawson, referred to above, are onlv 4 cm. his^h. those of Townsend are

42 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

15 em. to 18 cm. high. Stroemfelt does not mention the height of the
type in his diagnosis, but his illustration, natural size, is 14 cm. high.
The size of our plants, their narrow contorted segments, the character
of the receptacles, the large firm holdfast and dendroid habit, agree
so well with the description and figures of Stroemfelt as to leave little
room for doubt as to the affinity of the two. Comparison with the type
material may, however, show that the two sets of plants are distinct,
as Stroemfelt does not mention the cryptostomata nor the caeco-
itomata, nor does he mention the color, which is very striking in our
plants. As the plants hang on the rocks after the receding tide, the
shape, appearance, color, and abundance of receptacles reminds one
of settled swarms of Italian bees.

Fucus evanescens f. marginatus f. nov.

Plate 42

Frons distincte caulescens, 20-50 cm. alta, regulariter et multo
dichotoma, evidenter rigida coriaceaque, valde contorta, luteola, siccata
olivaceo-brunnea, stipite tereti, superne inter ramos diminuante ; seg-
mentis 9-15 cm. latis, strictis, supra axillas non angustatis truncatis,
vulgo linearibus, costa paululum prominente, parum evanida, alis
inaequaliter attritis, cryptostomatibus fere ab.sentibns ; receptaculis
1.5-3 cm. longis, definitis, integris aut alte bifurcatis, anguste ellipticis,
in margine dispositis; conceptaculis valde prominentibus.

Growing on rocks in the middle littoral belt. Sitka, Alaska.

Type, Gardner, no. 3997 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201163), July.
1917.

The distinguishing characters of this form are absence of con-
ceptacles from a complete margin of the receptacle, particularly of
the rounded terminal portion, coupled with extreme sparsity of both
cryptostomata and caecostomata.

It is difficult to decide to which species this form is most closely
related. It has evident affinities with Fucus evanescens Ag. and with
F. spiralis L. Its color and consistency, coupled witli the slightly
vanishing midrib in the terminal segments, seem to ally it with F.
evanescens, but, if allied with this species, it would be through f. den-
droides of Stroemfelt as its nearest relative. I have not seen the type
nor any authentic specimens of f. dendroides, but since no one has
questioned the validity of the form as belonging to F. evanescens, I
am retaining it as such and grouping certain Alaska specimens with it.
The narrow, rather long, considerably contorted and profusely branched

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Cmst 43

fronds, the blunt and somewhat fusiform receptacles, and the dendroid
habit certainly suggest its close similarity with f. dendroides. How-
ever, I am inclined to keep it distinct on account of its decidedly more
robust habit, the practical absence of cryptostomata, the much lighter
color than that of the other forms within our region which I have
placed with f. dendroides, and the distinctly marginal receptacles.

Fucus spiralis, although, for modern usage, imperfectly des.'cribed
by Linnaeus, has relatively recently been taken up by a number of
algologists to include certain forms on both the European and the
American shores of the Atlantic. Kjellman (1883, p. 202) definitely
recognized it as a species, segregating, as new, f. horealis. In 1890,
however, he changed his conception of the species and named it F.
Areschmigii, segregating f. nana. De-Toni (1895, p. 207) recognized
F. spiralis as a valid species and reduced Kjellman 's F. Areschougii
to synonym. Borgesen (1902, pp. 472^77) followed De-Toni, and in
a clear discussion reduced also F. platycarpns Thuret to a form of
if'', spiralis. Howe (1905, p. 581), after having examined the speci-
mens in the Linnaean Herbarium supposed to represent Linnaeus'
conception of F. spiralis, agrees with Borgesen 's conception with regard
to the validity of F. spiralis, considering as the typical form no. 23-4
of Collins' distribution from IMaine in the Phycotheca Boreali-Amer-
icana sub F. Areschougii, and recently, in a letter to me, he states
that he is inclined to place under this species most of the American
plants which have previously passed for F. platycarpus of Thuret.
Cotton, in Clare Island Survey, 1912. has kept up the name for certain
forms in that locality. It seems thus to be quite well established as a
species; the limits of variation, however, and the exact number of
forms which should be grouped with it, have not yet been agreed upon.
So far as I can learn, the name has not yet been used to designate any
Pacific Ocean forms. Forma marginatus, under discussion, has some
characters which might well link it with F. spiralis. It has the char-
acteristically twisted segments in the upper part of the fronds, and the
margined receptacles figured by Borgesen {loc. cit.), but the specimens
of spiralis to which I have had access usually show an abundance
of cryptostomata emitting fascicles of relatively long paraphyses,
decidedly different in this respect from our plants. They also have
shorter and more rounded receptacles and alae wider in proportion to
the length of the segments.

44 Universifij of (Utlifornia I'lihlirations in Botany [Vol. 10

Fucus evanescens f. flabellatus f. iiov.

Plate 43

Frondes 15-25 cm. altae. siibeoriaceae, subdiehotomae vel partim
secnndae. pallide hrunneae vel liiteolae. disco radical! parvo, stipite
parvo, 2-8 cm. longo; segmentis linearibus vel paiiluhim euneatis,
10-15 mm. latis. strictis, apicibus rotiindatis, parum truncatis, alis
comparative tenuibus, eosta infra receptaculis paiillo diminnata, eryp-
tostomatibus pancis. parvis. inconspicuis ; receptaculis fusiformibus,
2-3.5 cm. longis, integris aut bifurcatis, obscure definitis.

Growing on sandvstone ledges in the middle of the littoral belt.
Belli ngham, "Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2334 (Herb. TTniv. Calif., no. 201168). July,
1910.

The majority of the plants seem scarcely mature at this season of
the year, but enough of them were selected that appeared mature to be
fairly certain that the measurements given for the receptacles are
sufficiently accurate. The distinguishing character of the form is the
pronounced fan-shape of the whole frond when spread out, and par-
ticularly of groups of segments, due to the secund method of branching.

The cryptostomata are relatively few and inconspicuous, and there
is approximately the same number of caecostomata ; thus in this char-
acter the form is on the border line between F. evanescens and F.
furcatus. Probably the tendency is in the direction of the degeneration
of these organs. The other characters, however, seem sufficiently well
represented to ally it with F. evanescens.

Fucus evanescens f . intermedius f . nov.

Plate 44

Frondes foliaceae, flaccidae, 12-18 cm. altae. obscure bnunieae vel
luteolae, siccatae castaneae disco radicali et stipite })arvis. angulis latis,
rotundatis; segmentis linearibus, supra axillas diminuatis, 1-2 cm.
latis, cryptostomatibus 12-25 in quoquo cm. quadrato. co.sta angusta,
percursa, alis comparative latis, membranaceis; receptaculis basi latis,
1-2-furcatis, acuminatis aut acutis, complanatis vel muco inflatis, dis-
tinete definitis; conceptaculis ])arvis. numerosis.

Growing on rocks in the middle of the littoral belt. East Sound,
Oreas Island, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 23336 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 205692), July.
1910.

This forms seems unmistakably connected, through its nari'ow
forms, with T*'. evan( sc< )is f. coslatit.s on one side, and, on the other

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 45

side, through its widest specimens, it seems not unlike certain narrow
specimens of F. evanescens f. pergrandis. It differs from the former
in having wider segments not perceptibly reduced in width, as in
f. costatus, above the forkings, and in having wider, much more robust
and blunt receptacles. From the latter it differs in being much less
robust throughout, in having fewer cryptostomata and in having much
more delicate and membranaceous alae.

Fucus evanescens f. macrocephalus Kjellm.

Plate 46

' ' f . fronde caulescente ; segmentis linearibus, subcoriaceis, 5-6 mm.
latis. costa parum prominente ; receptaculis sublimitatis, magnis, 2.5-
3.5 cm. longis, 1.5-2 cm. crassis plus minus turgidis. vel simplicibus
ellipsoideis vel semel furcatis, cuneatis, ramis subcylindricis, apice
rotundatis; scaphidiis magnis."

"Beringon, ymnig; siilskaplig inom litoralregionem tillsamman med
foregaende ; med receptakler. '

Kjellman. Om Beringh. Algflora, 1889, p. 34.

Fronds subcaulescent, 12-18 cm. high, subcoriaceous, dark brown

below varying to light brown or yellowish above; segments linear to

slightly cuneate, 5-12 mm. wide, midrib well developed, percurrent,

alae rather thin, cryptostomata absent or sparce ; receptacles distinctly

delimited, complanate in part, but mostly very tumid and mucilaginous,

light yellow. 2-3.5 cm. long. 1-2 cm. wide, simple, retuse, or bifid;

conceptacles conspicuous.

Plate 45

Growing in the middle of the littoral region. Bering Sea to Juneau,
Alaska.

Newhall and Rhodes, nos. 5791, 5792 (Herb. Univ. Calif., nos.
99112, 99113), Cape Dyer, Alaska; McGregor, no. 5689 (Herb. Univ.
Calif., no. 99114), Dutch Harbor, Alaska; Setchell and Lawson, no.
4077 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99120), Amaknak Island, Alaska;
Setchell and Lawson, no. 5152 (Herb. Univ. Calif., nos. 99116, 99119),
Orca, Alaska; Gardner, no. 2230fir (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201134),
Juneau, Alaska.

Kjellman, loc. cit.; De-Toni, Syll. Alg., 1895, p. 202; Saunders,
Alg. Harriman Exp., 1901, p. 432, pi. 62, fig. 1; Setchell and Gardner.
Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 282.

Saunders (1901, p. 432) reports this form as growing at Puget
Sound, Annette Island, Wrangell, Juneau, Sitka, Glacier Bay, Prince
William Sound, Cook Inlet, Kukak Bay, and Shumagin Islands, and
states: "This is the most abundant seaweed on the northwest coast."
I have not been able to examine any of the specimens of Saunders'

46 University of California Publications in Bota^nj [Vol. lo

collections, if such exist. There are no numbers quoted, and hence I
will not attempt to place them. ]\Iost of the plants, particularly of the
southern portion of the range, undoubtedly belong to f. magnificus of
this paper. The illustration {loc. cit.) might well represent f. macro-
ccphalus, but it was not stated whence the specimen was collected.
Kjellraan's type specimen is illustrated on plate 46. It shows a plant
with practically all the segments fruiting simultaneously, and the
description calls for a plant relatively small, with narrow segments,
5-6 mm. wide. Plants which have been placed under this form are
mostly very much larger in all parts, as well as differing in other
respects. I doubt if the form should be considered as extending
farther south than Juneau, Alaska, where it intermingles with forma
magnificus. I have illustrated a plant from Juneau on plate 45.
which I consider to be fairly typical. It is somewhat more robust than
the type, and many of the receptacles are obcordate. The form is quite
abundant at Juneau.

Fucus evanescens f. per^andis Kjellm.

Plate 47

"F. evanescentis forma thallo 30 ctmr et ultra alto, 1-2 etmr lato,
subcoriaceo, dichotomo, segmentis elongatis, costa parum prominente,
reeeptaculis inflatis vel complanatis, indivisis, oblongo- ellipsoideis vel
dichotomis, segmentis ovatis vel ellipsoideis."

"Fairliavn et IMosselbay in fundo pluriorgvali."

Kjellman, Om Spetsb. ThalL, II, 1877a, p". 3.

Fronds caulescent, robust, subcoriaceous, up to 40 cm. high, regu-
larly diehotomous, dark brown below to yello^vish lirown above, lilack on
drying; segments elongated, linear to slightly cuneate, 1-2 cm. wide,
midrib distinct, percurrent, cryptostomata varying from none to 20
per sq. cm. ; receptacles numerous, mostly complanate, occasionally in-
flated, mucilaginous, 1-2.5 cm. wnde, 2.5-4 cm. long, entire to bifid ;
conceptacles numerous, large.

Plate 48

Growing on l)oulders in the middle and upper littoral belts.
Unalaska, Alaska, to Puget Sound, Washington.

Setchell and Lawson, nos. 3284, 4049 (Herb. Univ. Calif., nos.
99125, 99124), Amaknak Island, Alaska, and in Collins, llolden, and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer. (Exsicc), no. XLVI. sul) /•'. plnlycarpns;
Rev. Albin Johnson, no. 5701 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99126), Yakutat
Ray, Alaska; Gardner, no. 2230 (Herb. Univ. Calif.. Jio. 201136),
Juneau, Alaska; Townsend, no. 5773 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99129),
Kyska Island. Alaska; Butler and Polly, no. 20 (Herb. Univ. Calif.,
no. 99127), Port Renfrew, l^ritish Columbia.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 47

Kjellman, loc cit.; De-Toni, Syll, Alg., 1895, p. 203 ; Setchell and
Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 284; Collins, Mar. Alg. Vancouver
Island, 1913, p. 111.

The type locality of this form is Spitzbergen, where Kjellman says
it grows at a depth of several fathoms. There are three fragments of the
form in the Herbarium of the Universitj^ of California, no. 132622, from
Spitzbergen Islands, determined by Kjellman. These are represented
on plate 36 and, although authentic, they do not entirely coincide
with Kjellman s descriptions and type specimens as shown on plate 47.
Apparently they are not representative specimens of this form. Plate
48 represents a form growing in the middle littoral belt at Juneau,
Alaska, that coincides very closely with Kjellman 's diagnosis and with
plate 47 of his type specimen of forma pergrandis. A striking feature
of the Juneau plants, however, is that practically every segment fruits
at the same time. The Butler and Polly plant referred here is peculiar
in being completely free from both caeeostomata and cryptostomata.
The Johnson plant referred here might be considered a very large
specimen (45 cm. long) of F. evanescens f. cornutus, and the Kjellman
plants have sterile segments. The simultaneous fruiting of the seg-
ments in the Juneau plant would indicate a much shorter fruiting
season than in such forms as f. magnificats, in which only a few of the
segments are fruiting at any one time. It would be of much interest
to know how constant and reliable these characters of fruiting or non-
fruiting of segments are as an aid to the determination of species.

Fucus evanescens f. robustus S. and G.

Plates 49 and 50

Fronds distinctly caulescent, 15-25 cm. high, much contorted, with
distinct stout stipe and holdfast, diehotomous, terminal portions
foliaceous, olive green to dark olive brown ; segments broadly cuneate,
terminal lobes rounded, 15-28 mm. wide, midrib distinct, slightly
reduced near the apices, alae membranaceous, cryptostomata sparse.;
receptacles broad, oblong, ovate or obcordate, very variable in size,
1.5—3.5 cm. long, complanate, or much inflated, not mucilaginous, with
distinct margin free from conceptacles which are large and projecting.

Growing on rocks in sheltered, shaded localities along extreme high-
tide limit. St. Pavil Island, Alaska, to Friday Harbor, San Juan
Island, Washington.

Setchell and Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 283. Fucus
platy carpus? Setchell, Alg. Prib. Isl. 1899, p. 593.

The type specimen was collected by INIiss Ida M. Rogers, no. 5724
(Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99133), at Sitka, Alaska. The writer collected

48 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

it at Sitka in June, 1910, when it was in full fruit, and at Friday
Harbor in July of the same year. The type and the two cotype speci-
mens have all of the receptacles complanate, and are apparently
immature (plate 49), but in the other collections mentioned many of
the receptacles are much inflated (plate 50). The species is one quite
free from mucilage as compared with other species of Fucus growing
in the same localities but much lower down in the littoral belt. It
seems to have become fixed as a form, and has the distinct habit, or
character, of being able to persist in the upper two feet of the littoral
belt, in which habitat it is necessarily uncovered the greater part of
the twenty-four hours each day. It inhabits rock ledges, either steep
or sloping, yet it is strictly confined to the upper, very narrow, belt.
Its fronds are lighter and somewhat more fibrous than those of any
other form.

Fucus evanescens f. magnificus f. nov.
Plates 51 and 52

Frondes foliaceae, 20-30 cm. altae, subcoriaceae. dichotomae, vel
partim secundae, inferne obscure brunneae, superne luteolae, siccatae
olivaceo-brunneae ; segmentis comparative brevibus, linearibus vel
cuneatis, plus minus contortis, 2.5-3.5 cm. latis, costa superne paululum
evanida, cryptostomatibus variis usque ad 50 in quoquo cm. quadrato,
vulgo paraphysum cristis exsertis quando juvenibus conspicuis ; recep-
taculis distincte definitis, valde tumidis, mucosis, integris vel decom-
posite furcatis, truncatis vel acutis. latitudine et longitudine valde
variis, vulgo flavis; conceptaculis numerosis valde conspicuis.

Growing in great profusion in the middle and upper littoral regions.
Juneau, Alaska, to Puget Sound, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2337 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 205690), Griffin
Bay, San Juan Island, Washington, July, 1910.

So far as my observations extend, this form seems to be the mo.st
abundant of all the forms included in the above mentioned region.
It varies quite widely in the shape of the receptacles as shown in
plate 51. Some receptacles are simple, others decompositely furcate,
many quite obtuse, others decidedly acute, but all are definitely
delimited and swollen almost to the bursting point with mucilaginous
substance. The segments are wide and foliaceous, not narrowing at
the forkings, and the tendency to the strict habit of growth often
makes them quite contorted.

One of the distinguishing characters is the sparsity of receptacles
maturing at any one time. This habit, marked in only a few of our
forms, should receive more study in the field. My opinion is that the

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Paxiific Coast 49

fruiting season extends over a much longer period than in most of the
other forms. In the summer season, when I have observed them, one
may find on the same individual receptacles varying from completely
mature, to others just beginning to form, and many more sterile seg-
ments. The fronds fork. One branch of the dichotomy metamorphoses
directly into a receptacle and the other continues to grow, and it in
turn may fork one or more times without fruiting. This makes the
mature receptacle appear to be lateral in origin, whereas in reality it
originates just as all others do. This seems to be the condition prevail-
ing in Thuret's F. platycarpus. Plate 16 in the Etudes Phycologique
well illustrates this condition, but illustrates also another condition
which does not seem to occur in f. magnijicus, viz., that the suppressed
fruiting segments are alternate, whereas in f. magnificus they are
secund. I do not know how regularly the condition prevails in F.
platycarpus, but this condition is too constantly prevalent in f. mag-
nificus to be overlooked as a diagnostic character.

Fucus evanescens f . stellatus f. nov.

Plate 53

Frons distincte flaccida, vulgo contorta, 25-35 cm. alta, dichotoma
vel subdichotoma, inferne pallide brunnea, superne luteola, siccata
obscure olivaceo-brunnea, stipite et disco radicali comparative parvis;
segmentis comparative brevibus, cuneatis, ad apices latioribus, 1.5-
2.5 cm. latis, costa superne diminuante. cryptostomatibus paucis et
inconspicuis ; reeeptaculis distincte definitsi, complanatis, vel palulum
tumidis, decomposite furcatis, vulgo patentibus acuminatisque,
3-4.5 cm. longis; conceptaculis numerosis, conspicuis.

Growing on boulders, logs, etc., in the lower littoral belt. Sack-
man's Point, near Tracyton, Kitsap County, Washington.

Type, Gardner, no. 2202 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 201144), May,
1910. Fucus evanescent, Tilden, Amer. Alg. (Exsicc), no. 235, same
locality as above.

Tilden 's no. 235 seems to belong here, although the specimen in
Professor Setchell's copy of her American Algae is only a fragment
and just beginning to produce receptacles.

The distinguishing character of this form is the decompositely
furcate receptacles, often widely divergent. As many as eight
divergent apices have been observed with a common base. The fronds
are decidedly flaccid and dissolve rather readily in fresh water after
being dried.

50 Umversitjj of California Puhlications in Botany \yo\.. lo

Fucus evanescens f. longifructus S. and G.
Plate 54

Frond with short stipe and firm holdfast, somewhat caulescent
below, foliaceous above, up to 45 cm. high, dark olive brown ; segments
long and narrow, strict. 1-2 cm. wide, midrib moderately conspicuous,
slightly evanescent, cryptostomata absent or very sparse; receptacles
usually complanate, not definitely delimited, 2-2.5 cm. wide, one to
three times forked, with the divisions long, linear or sometimes re-
curved and pointed, up to 22 cm. long; conceptacles very large and
scattered.

Growing on stones in the upper littoral belt. Orca to Juneau,
Alaska.

Type, Setchell and Lawson, no. 5151 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
99110), Orca, Alaska. Collins. Holden, and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer.
(Exsicc), no. 928; Setchell and Lawson, no. 5186 (Herb. Univ. Calif.,
no. 99109), Juneau, Alaska.

Setchell and Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 283.

A cotype specimen of this very distinct form is illustrated on
plate 54. and it features the distinguishing characteristics very well.
It is unlike all other forms in the extremely long, linear-lanceolate,
regular complanate receptacles, frequently spreading or recurved at
the apices. In external appearance it approaches F. furcatiis f.
rigidus, but that form has an abundance of caecostomata, the recep-
tacles usually more decompositely furcate, and it is more cartilaginous.
No. 5186 from Juneau is placed here with some doubts. If it should
be placed here, it should be considered at the lower limit of variation
in size.

Fucus evanescens f. cornutus Kjellm.

Plate .55

"f. segmentis inferioribus ad costas demum reductis, superioribus
linearibus, .subcoriaceis, angustis, 3-4 mm. latis, costa valida, at parum
prominente; receptaculis sulilimitatis. us(|ue 4 cm. longis. 5-10 mm.
crassis, turgidis, decomi)osito-furcatis, ramis inferioribus subt-ylin-
dricis. summis .subcoriaceis; scaphidiis magnis."

"Beringon. ymnig; tillsamman med de bada foregaende fonncina.
bildande en individrik Fucus-formation ; med receptakler."

Kjellman, Om Heriiigh. Algtlora, 1889, p. 34.

Fronds sul)coriaceous, 20-30 cm. high, regularly dichotomous. dark
olive green to dark olive brown ; segments strict, linear or very slightly
cuneate in the narrower sj^ecimens, 5-8 mm. wide, apices truncate,
midrib well developed, prominent, very slightly evanescent above,
alae narrow, cryptostomata very sparse, small; receptacles distinctly

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 51

delimited, mostly eomplauate, simple or bifurcate, blunt to acuminate,
apices slightly laterally reflexed, 2-4 cm. long; conceptacles numerous,
conspicuous.

Growing on rock ledges in the lower littoral belt. Yakutat Bay,
Alaska.

Rev. Albin Johnson, no. 5719 (Herb. Univ. Calif., nos. 99103,
99104), Yakutat Bay, Alaska.

Kjellman. Joe. cit.- De-Toni, Syll. Alg., 1895, p. 202; Setchell and
Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 283 (in part).

This form was first discovered on Bering Island and described
by Kjellman {loc. cit.). Comparison with a photograph of the type
(cf. plate 55) and with a small portion of the type specimen seems
to make it fairly certain that the two specimens collected by Albin
Johnson, and cited above, are correctly placed, although they are much
larger in all parts than Kjellman 's description calls for. ]\Iore
study of material in the northern waters is highly desirable to make
certain this determination. In neither the type nor the other material
referred to is the cornute habit very pronounced.

Fucus evanescens f. typicus Kjellm.
Plate 56

"F. evanescentis forma antecedente minor, thallo 5-10 mm. lato,
coriaceo, dichotomo, segmentis elongatis. costa plus minus prominente,
receptaculis ^nl]go complanati.s et dichotomis, segmentis obovatis."

"Forma inter omnes vulgatissima per totam oram occidentalem et
septemtrionalem Insulae Vestspetsbergen in fundo vulgo 2-5 orgyali."

Kjellman, Om Spets. Thall., II. 1877a, p. 3.

Fronds 15-25 cm. high, coriaceous, dichotomous. dark brown ; seg-
ments cuneate to sublinear. midrib moderately distinct, percurrent,
cryptostomata few, small; receptacles mostly complanate, deeply
furcate, segments obovate to linear-acuminate.

Growing on rocks in the upper littoral region. Harvester and
Kakiak Islands, Alaska.

Setchell and Lawson, no. 5122 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99136),
Harvester Island, Uyak Bay, Alaska; Rigg, no. 100, Kadiak Island,
Alaska.

Kjellman, loc cit. ; Setchell and Gardner, Alg. N.AV. Amer., 1903,
p. 282.

Kjellman 's type specimen of this form is illustraed on x>late 56,
and represents a plant considerably smaller than the plants which I

52 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

have allied with it from the Alaskan waters. No. 5122, in particular,
is much more robust than Kjellman's description calls for. The
receptacles are much longer and wider, but this may possibly be
accounted for by difference in age. The plants collected by Rigg are
smaller and more nearly coincide with the description. This plate
shows Kjellman's plant to be about 10 cm. high, possessing distinct
midribs in many of the segments, and to have relatively small recep-
tacles. There is a plant in the Herbarium of the University of Cali-
fornia, sheet no. 132618, contributed by Kjellman and collected on
Spitzbergen in "1872-73," labeled in Kjellman's handwriting, ^'Fucus
evanescPMS A^.,''^ which is almost a duplicate of the type specimen
mentioned above. There is also a plant in the same herbarium, col-
lected in 1868 from the same locality and determined by J. G. Agardh
as F. cvanesccns Ag., whose fronds are about twice as wide as those
of the Kjellman plants (cf. plate 56). Otherwise all of these three
collections of plants are very much alike. The type specimen of F.
evanescens Ag. is in the herbarium of J. G. Agardh at Lund under
no. 00299. It has been examined by Professor Setchell, who states
that the plant is slightly smaller than the plant referred to in Setchell
and Gardner's Algae of Northwestern America, under f. typica, from
Harvester Island. Alaska. This plant is in the Herbarium of the
University of California under no. 99139. It differs only slightly from
the wide form of F. evanescens from Spitzbergen, mentioned above,
having more numerous, larger, and better developed receptacles.
There is much greater disparity of size between this specimen and
Kjellman's f. "typica" than there is between Kjellman's f. "typica"
and his f. "limitata." If we admit the specimen determined by J. G.
Agardh from Spitzbergen as belonging with f. typica Kjellman. then
the Harvester Island specimen which is so close to it had probably
better be allied with it at present, until more is known of the forms
from that island. However, it also seems very close to Kjellman's
f. " corniita," but has wider fronds and receptacles than the type
specimen of that form.

1 am referring here a series of plants collected on Kadiak Island,
Alaska, by G. B. Rigg, no. 100. These plants are only slightly wider
than the tj'pe specimen of Kjellman, and liave numerous well developed
receptacles. They appear to be the closest in all «liaracters to the
type, and I am taking them to be the best representatives of f. typicus
thus far discovered in Pacific Coast waters.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 53

Fucus evanescens f. rudis Kjellm.
Plate 57

* ' f . f ronde caulescente ; segmentis inf erioribus valide costatis,
cuneiformibiis, superioribiis coriaeeis, costa plus minus prominente,
1-1.5 cm. latis; receptaculis maximis, inferne non limitatis, raro
simplicibus, ambitu linear! ellipticis, vulgo plus minus deeomposito-
furcatis. segmentis sublinearibus ; scaphidiis magnis."

"Fig. Fucus vesiculosus Post, et Rupr., 111. Alg., t. 30."

"Beringon. vmnig; salLskaplig inom litoralregionen ; med recep-
takler."

Kjellman, Om Beringh. Algflora. 1889, p. 34.

Fronds somewhat caulescent, coriaceous, dark brown, dichotomous;
segments strict, cuneate, 1-2 cm. wide, reduced at the forking, terminal
lobes truncate, midrib narrow but distinct to the apices, crj'^ptostomata
absent or rare ; receptacles relatively large, 3.5-5 cm. long, rarely com-
planate, mostly very tumid and mucilaginous, not definitely delimited.

Growing in the lower littoral and upper sublittoral regions. Bering
Sea to Skagway. Alaska.

Setchell and Lawson. no. 5121 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99131),
Harvester Island, Uyak Bay, Alaska. Fucus evanescens f. macro-
cephalus, Setchell and Lawson, no. 5178 (Herb. Univ. Calif., nos.
99117, 99118), Orca. Alaska: A. L. Bolton (Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
99115), Skagway, Alaska.

Kjellman, loc. cit.- De-Toni, Syll. Alg.. 1895. p. 202; Setchell and
Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 282. Fucus vesiculosus Postels
and Ruprecht, 111. Alg., 1840, p. 12, pi. 25 (cf. Kjellman, loc. cit.).

Kjellman cites plate 30 of Postels and Ruprecht, Illustrationes
Algarum, as representing this form. Plate 30 is labeled "Con-
stantinea rosa marina," but has in addition a small plant of Fucus.
This plant has long, acuminate receptacles. Plate 25 of the same work,
to which Kjellman probably refers, is labeled Fucus vesiculosis and
has decompositely furcate receptacles with long, acuminate apices.
The plants referred here by Setchell and Gardner (1903, p. 282) have
the characteristic receptacles referred to above. Comparison with a
photograph of Kjellman 's type specimen hardly bears out his con-
clusion regarding the illustration in Postels and Ruprecht. The fronds
are reduced in width above each forking. Some of the receptacles are
relatively wide, others are very narrow, and those of Kjellman 's type,
which I have seen, are very blunt. Some doubts must be entertained
as to the limits of this form. I am referring here plants from Orca
and Skagway, cited above, as more nearly coinciding with Kjellman 's
type.

54 Vniversity of ('oliforma Publications i)i Jiofani/ [Vol.10

Fucus evanescens f. irregularis Kjellm.

"f. circa 13 cm. alta. fronde crcbre irregiilariter dichotoma. seg-
mentis plurimis ad eostas validas reductis, summis tantum alatis.
angiistis. obsolete costatis, apicibns truncatis; receptacnlis limitatis
ovatis. obovatis. oblongis vel obcordatis; scapbidiis minoribiis."

"Beringon, sparsam; spridd iuom litoralrc'iionen; nied rcccp-
takler."

Kjellman. Om Beringh. Algflora, 1889. p. .35.

A photograph of the type specimen indicates to me that this form,
segregated by Kjellman on Bering Island, is hardly to be considered
an entity but rather a battered and distorted plant of some other form.
To my knowledge it has not been recognized since its original discovery ;
bnt if a valid form, it is quite likely to occnr on the North American
side of the Pacific Ocean, hence I am inclnding it here as a possibility.

Fucus evanescens f. limitatus Kjellm.

Plate .58

"f. fronde caulescente ; segmentis tennioribns. snbmembranaceis.
subdivaricatis, infimis euneato-linearibus. snperioril)us sublinearibus.
3-5 mm. latis; costa parnm prominente; receptaenlis distinete limi-
tatis, snbpetiolatis vel simplicibns. ovato-ellipsoideis vel semel furcatis.
ramis pins minus longis. divarieatis. apice rotnndatis. "

"S :t Lawrencebay, Port Clarence, pa bada stallena temligen ymnig:
nagot salLskaplig inom sublitoralregionen ; med receptakler."

Kjellman, Om Beringh. Algflora, 1889. p. 34.

Fronds caulescent or subcauleseent, sub'membranaceous, dieho-
tomous. spreading, with rounded angles, yellowish brown, darker
brown on drying: segments short, cuneate-linear. apices rounded,
truncate, midrib distinctly reduced upward, cryptostomata few :
receptacles di.stinctly delimited, subpedieilate, seemingly lateral, entire
or bifurcate, ovoid-ellipsoidal. 12-18 mm. long. 8-12 mm. wide.

Plate .59

Growing in the upper sublittoral belt. Port Clarence to Xoi-ton
Sound. Alaska.

Kjellman, Port Clarence, Alaska; R. C. McGregor, no. 5683 (Herb.
Univ. Calif., no. 99107), Besbora Island. Norton Sound. Alaska.

Kjellman, lor. cit.; De-Toni. Syll. Alg.. 1895. p. 202; Setchell aii.l
Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903. p. 282.

The only material of which T am aware that has previously been
referred to this form since its establi.shment by Kjellman is that
referred by Setchell and Gardner {loc. cif.) from Norton Sound, and
the same material, two small fragments of plants, is again referred

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fuciis on the Pacific Coast 55

here to the same form, though with some doubt. It is evidently a small
form and, according to Kjellman, grows in the sublittoral belt, an
unusual habitat for small forms, or even other forms outside of the
Arctic regions. It may be noticed from the illustration (plate 59) that
the Norton Sound specimens have a decided habit of growth which is
not very common among the forms of the genus, viz., one of the mem-
bers of a dichotomy develops into a receptacle, while the other con-
tinues to grow and forks one to several times before the receptacle of
the original dichotomy matures and disintegrates. This makes the
receptacle appear to have developed laterally. The illustration
(plate 58) of the type specimen does not show this character, prac-
tically all of the segments fruiting simultaneously. More study of
this character is highly desirable.

Fuscus evanescens f. contractus Kjellra.

"f. 5-10 cm. alta, fronde vix cauleseente, subirregulariter furcata,
segmentis subcoriaceis, infimis cuneato-linearibus. superioribus linear-
ibus, 3-5 mm. latis, apicibus truncatis ; costa inferne valida, promi-
nente, superne evanescente ; receptaculis limitatis, complanatis, minor-
ibus, ambitu ellipticis vel obcordatis; scaphidiis parvis. "

"S:t Lawrence-on, temligen ymnig; nagot sallskaplig inom litoral-
regionen ; med reeeptakler. ' '

Kjellman, Om Beringh. Algflora, 1889, p. 31.

Fronds 5-25 cm. high, slightly caulescent, subcoriaceous, irregu-
larly dichotomous or subsecund, dark brown to yellowish ; segments
mostly strict, cuneate-linear below, linear above, 3-10 mm. wide, apices
truncate, midrib distinct below, vanishing above, cryptostomata moder-
ately abundant, 15-20 per sq. cm., inconspicuous; receptacles com-
planate, distinctly delimited. 1.5-3.5 cm. long, ellipsoidal or obcordate.
single or bifid; conceptacles few, but prominent.

Growing in the littoral region. Bering Sea, Alaska.

Setchell, nos. 5239, 5252 (Herb. Univ. Calif., nos. 99097. 99101),
St. Michael, Alaska; McGregor, nos. 5673, 5679 (Herb. Univ. Calif..
nos. 99099, 99100), Golofin Bay. Alaska. Not Gardner, no. 90 (Herb.
Univ. Calif., no. 99096), Whidbey Island, Washington, sub F. evan-
escens f. hursiger (cf. Setchell and Gardner, 1903, p. 285).

Kjellman, loc. cit. ; De-Toni, Syll. Alg., 1895, p. 202 ; Setchell and
Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903. p. 284.

Kjellman does not mention in his description of this form the
decided and sudden difference between the width of the segments and
the receptacles which they bear. This difference makes the receptacles
appear stipitate, since they are over twice as wide at the base of the
segments. Presumably this is the character upon which the form is
based.

56 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

No. 5652 (Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 99101) from St. Michael, Alaska,
quoted above, is as near the type as could be desired in every particular.
The plants are about 10 cm. high, thus representing the upper limits
in size as stated by Kjellman. The plants under the other numbers
referred to are all larger in all parts than the measurements given
by Kjellman, but they seem too closely linked to the type to warrant
separation without further study of quantities of material in the field.
There is not the sudden widening of the receptacles in any of the
latter forms as in the type. The receptacle character seems more
closely allied to that of f. microcephalus.

Fucus evanescens f. angustus Kjellm.

"Fuci evanescentis forma thallo subdichotomo, usque 20-30 ctmr
alto et 4—5 mm. lato, coriaceo vel coriaceo-membranaceo, costa inferne
valida, versus apicem sensim evanescente, in thalli partibus summis
vix eonspicua vel inconspicua, segmentis linearibus vel cuneato-linear-
ibus, elongatis, cryptostomatibus numero variantibus. parum prominent-
ibus, receptaculis minutis, oblongis, ovatis vel late ellipsoideis, obtusis
vel acutis, inflatis vel plus minus complanatis, scaphidiis hermaphro-
ditis, antheridiis interdum perpaucis; exsiccatione nigrescit. "

' ' N. Ganse Cap ; Rogatschew Bay. ' '

Kjellman, Algenv. Murm. Meer, 1877, p. 27.

This form of evanescens, first described by Kjellman, has not been
clearly identified with any specimens from our region, but is here
included because of its close resemblance to certain of our forms, and
hence the probability of its occurrence within our waters would seem
to warrant its inclusion.

Yendo (1917, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 1) identifies a plant of the Japanese
waters with this form. Setchell and Gardner (1903, p. 284) also
identified plants from East Sound and Fairhaven, Washington, with
this form, and specimens from East Sound were distributed in Collins,
Holden, and Setchell 's Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, no. 926. On
comparison of our plants with a sheet of plants in the Herbarium of
the University of California, no. 132699, collected on the Vega expedi-
tion near Tjapka and contributed and labeled by Kjellman, Fucus
evanescens f. angustus, it seems best to change the determination and
to place our plants under Fucus edentatus f. costatus. under which
a detailed account is given. The plants illustrated by Yendo difi'er
decidedly from the Kjellman specimens referred to above, particularly
in the size of the receptacles and the prominence of the midrib. It
may be doubted whether this form really extends so far south on

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 57

either coast of the Pacific Ocean as was previously supposed, but its
occurrence farther north may well be expected.

Fucus ceranoides f. Harveyanus (Dec'ne) Kjellman, collected and
determined by De Alton Saunders at Pacific Grove, California, and
distributed in Tilden's American Algae, no. 339, is Hesperophycus
Harveyanus (Dec'ne) S. and G., in Gardner, Variation in Nuclear
Extrusion, 1910, p. 127, and in Gardner, New Fucaceae, 1913, p. 317,
pis. 36, 37.

In conclusion, it affords me much pleasure formally to acknowledge
my sincere gratitude to Professor W. A. Setchell for encouragement
and many valuable suggestions in the preparation of this work, to
Dr. M. A. Howe and Dr. Carl Skottsberg for prints of photographs
of type specimens, and to Mr. T. S. Brandegee for rendering the Latin
diagnoses of the new species and forms presented here.

LITERATURE CITED

Agardh, C. a.

1820. Species algarum rite cognitae cum synonymis, differentiis specificis et
descriptionibus succinctis, vol. 1, part 1, pp. 1-268. Lund.

1821.. leones algarum ineditae, fasc. 2. Stockholm,

1824. Systema algarum. Lund.
Agardh, J. G.

1848. Species genera et ordines Algarum, vol. 1. Lund.

1868. Bidrag till Kannedomen af Spetsbergens Alger. Tillagg till for-
egaende afhandling. Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 7, no. 8.
Stockholm.

Baker, Sarah M.

1912. The brown seaweeds of the salt marshes. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.,

vol. 40, pp. 275-291, pis. 8, 9, 8 text figures.
Baker, Sarah M., and Bohling, Maude H.

1916. On the brown seaweeds of the salt marshes. Part 2, Their systematic
relationships, morphology and ecology. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.,
vol. 43, pp. 235-380, pis. 28-30, 18 text figures.

BORGESEN, F.

1902. The marine algae of the Faeroes, in Warming, Botany of the Faeroes,
part 2, pp. 339-532. Copenhagen.
Bower, F. O.

1880. On the development of the conceptacles in the Fucaceae. Quart.
Jour. Micr. Sci., vol. 20, n.s., pp. 36-49.
Collins, F. S.

1913. The marine algae of Vancouver Island. Canada Geological Survey.

Victoria Memorial Museum, Bulletin no. 1, pp. 9'9-137. Victoria,
B.C.
Collins, F. S., Holden, L, and Setchell, W. A.

Phycotheca Boreali-Americana (Exsicc), fasc. 5, 19, 27, B, D, E.

58 Universihj of California Publications in Botani) IVol. lo

Cotton, A.D.

1912. Claire Island Surve}', i)art 15, Marine algae. Proc. Koy. Irish Acad.,

vol. 31, pp. 1-187, pis. 1-11. Dublin.

De la Pylaie, B.

1829. Flore de Terre-Neuve et des iles Saint Pierre et Miclon avec figures
dessinees par 1 'auteur sur la plante vivante, jilato 17. I'aris. [The
plate of this work was never j)ublished.]

De-Toni, J. B. (or G. B.)

1895. Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, vol. 3, Fucoideae.

Farlow, W. G.

1881. Marine algae of New England and adjacent coast. Eep. U. S. Fish

Comm., 1879. Washington.
1889. Some new and imperfectly known algae of the United States I. Bull.

Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 16, pp. 1-12, pis. 87, 88.

Farlow, W. G., Anderson, C. L., and Eaton, D. C.

Algae Exsiccatae Americae Borealis, no. 108.

FOSLIE, M.

1886. Kritisk fortegnelse over Norges havsalger efter aeldre botaniske
arbeider indtil aar 1850. Tromso Museums Aarshefter, vol. 9.
Tromso.

Gardner, N. L.

1910. Variations in nuclear extrusion among the Fucaceae. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bot., vol. 4, no. 6.

1913. New Fucaceae. Ihid., no. 18.

Gmelin, S. G.

1768. Historia Fucorum.

Harvey, W. II.

1830-1841. Algae, in Hooker and Arnott's Botany of Captain Beechy's
voyage. London.

1862. Notice of a collection of algae made on the north west coast of North
America, chiefly at Vancouver's Island by Dr. David Lyall, 1859-
1861. Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc, Bot., vol. 6, pp. 157-177. London.

TIowE, M. A.

1905. Phycologieal studies 11. New Chlorophyceae, new Rhodophyceae and
miscellaneous notes. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 32, pp. 563-586,
]tls. 23-29.

Kjellman, F. R.

1877. Ueber die Algenvegetation des Murmanschen Meeres an der west-

kiiste von Nowaja Semlja und Wajgatsch. Nova Acta, Reg. Soc.

Sci., ser. 3. Upsala.
1877a. Om Spetsbergens Marina Klorofyllforande Thallophyter II. Bihang

till Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 4, no. 6. Stoeldiolin.
1883. The algae of the Arctic Sea. Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 20,

no. 5.

1889. Om Beringhafvets algflora. Ihid., vol. 23, no. 8.

1890. Ilandbok T Skandinaviens llafsalgflora. I. Fucoideae. Stockliolni.

Kleen, E. a. G.

1874. Om Nordlandens hcigra hafsalgar. Akademisk afhandling Oefversigt
af. Kong. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., no. 9. Stockholm.

1922] Gardner: The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast 59

KUETZING, F. T. •

1849. Species algarum. Leipzig.
1860. Tabulae phycologieae, vol. 10.

Linnaeus, C.

1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas,
cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis,
locis iiatalibus secundum systema sexuale digestas. Ed. 1. Stock-
holm.
CEder, G. C.

1767. //( Flora Danica, vol. 2, fase. 6, tab. 351.

Oltmanns, F.

1904-1905. Morphologie und Biologie der Algen. 1904, vol. 1; 1905, vol. 2.
Jena.

POSTELS, A., AND EUPRECHT, F.

1840. Illustrationes algarum in itinere circa orbem jussu imperatoris
Nicolai I. Atque auspiciis Navarclii Friderici Liitke annis 1826,
1827, 1828 et 1829' eeloee seniavin exsecuto in Oceano Pacifico,
inprimis septemtrionali ad littora Rossica Asiatico-Americana col-
leetarum. St. Petersburg.
Eeinke, J.

1875. Ueber Fucus vesiculofnis. Nachrichten von der Konigl. Gesell. der
Wissen. und der G. A. Univ. zu Gottingen, no. 9, pp. 225-241.

EOSENVINGE, L. K.

1893. Gronlands Havalger. Meddelelser om Gronland, vol. 3, pp. 765-981.
Copenhagen.

EUPRECHT, F. J.

1851. Tange des Ochotskischen Meeres. Middendorff 's Sibirische Eeise,
vol. 1, part 2, lieferung 2, p. 193.

Saunders, De A.

1901. Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 25, the Algae. Proc.
Wash. Acad. Sei., vol. 3, pp. 391-486, pis. 43-62. Washington.

Setchell, W. a.

1899. Algae of the Pribilof Islands, in Jordan, Fur seals and fur-seal islands
of the north Pacific Ocean, vol. 3, pp. 589-596, pi. 95. Washington.

Setchell, W. A., and Gardner, N. L.

1903. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., vol. 1, no. 3.
pp. 165-418, pis. 17-27.

Stroemfelt, II. F. G.

1886. Om Algenvegetationen vid Islands Kuster. Akademisk Afhandling
Kongl. Vet. ocli Yitt. Samh. Handl. Goteborg.

TiLDEN, Josephine

American Algae (Exsicc), Centuries 3, 4.

Vahl, M.

1794. In Flora Dauica, vol. 7, fasc. 19, tab. 1127.

Yendo, K.

1907. The Fucaceae of Japan. .lour. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

PLATE 1, FIGURE 1

Fucus furcatus Ag.

A reproduction of the original in Icon. Alg. Ined., pi. 14. Natural size.

PLATE 1, FIGURE 2

Fucus evanescens Ag.

A reproduction of Agardh 's original figure in Icon. Alg. Ined., plate 13.

Seven-tenths original size.

[60]

UNIV.- CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

GARDNER ] PLATE 1

PLATE 2

Fuct!s fiircatitfi f. typicii.s Gardner

From a i)hoto<iraiih of the type from herbarium specimens collected at Fort
Boss, California, presumably the type locality of the si)ecies. One-third natural
size.

[62]

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PLATE 3

Fitrns fnrcaius f. ti/jiims Gardner
From a ]ihot(iora]ih of a ]i\iii^' plant witli immature receptacles.

One-half natural size.

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER 1 PLATE 3

PLATE 4

Fiiciis furcdtii.s f. aiu/usius Gardner

From a jihotograpli of the type specimen showing a regeneration of one
iraucli of the first diehotomv. Two-fifths natural size.

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Fucits fiordfiis f. linearis Gardner

From a pliotograiili of a portion of the type specimen showing every terminal
segment to be fruiting. About one-fourth of the original plant. One-thinl
natural size.

[68J

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX, VOL. 10

[ GARDNER ] PLATE 5

I'LATE 6

Fiicii.s fiircdiiis f. (ihhrrfidtus (iai'diier

From a pliotogra]>li of fresh material of the type ^ipeciiiieu, sliowiny rela-
tively large, wii]e and scarcely niatuieil i-eceiitacles. Three-foui-tlis natural size.

UNIV. CALIF, PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER i PLATE 6

PLATE 7
Fucuft furcatns f. connitns Gardner
From a photogra]ih of the type specimen. Two-thirds natural size.

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PLATE 8

Fiiciis fttrcdin^ f. nic/ricdits (iarduer
From a photoyraiili of the ty2)e speeiinen. One-third natuial size.

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL, BOT, VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 8

PLATE 9

Fncii.s fiircatas f. cloiifjatii.s Gardner
From ;i jiliotnarajili of tlie type speeiiiieii. Oiie-tliird natural size.

[76]

UNIV, CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER ] PLATE 9

PLATE 10

Fuciis furcatus f. lu.ruriaiis Gardner

From a i)hotograjili of the tyjie specimen, a young jilant fruiting for the
first time, showing nianv sterile terminal segments. One-third natural size.

[78]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 10

PLATK n
Fuciis furcatus t. rcfle.rus Gardner
From a pliotograph of the type specimen. Two-fifths natural size.

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PLATE 11«

Fuciis furcdlii.s f. ri'pexus Gardiiei'

From a photon rajih of a cotyjie spei-iineii sliowiiiji some sterile seji'ments.

Two-fit'tlis natural size.

[82]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

GARDNER ] PLATE 1 1A

PLATE 12
Fiicus fureatiis f. rcflexus Ganluer
' From a iihotograpli of a sterile cotype specinieu. Two-fifths natural size.

[84]

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PLATE 13

Fdciis ftirciitus f. rnjidus Gardner
From a photograph of the type speciiiieii. Oiie-tliird natural size.

[86]

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PLATE ]4

Fiicuis furcaius f. luli/frons tJardiier

From a jihotograph of the type speciiiieii, a young plant .just beginning to
fruit. Two-fiftlis natural size.

[88]

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PLATE 15

Fucus fnrciiius f. contniius Gai-duer

From a pliotograpli of parts of two dried plants. One-third natural size.

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PLATE ]6

Fiicus fnrcatiis f. rariabilis Gardner

From a jjliotograiih of a variety of forms of rer-ejitacles.
One-half natural size.

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T'LATE 17

Fiifiis furcdtas f. r<iri<ibilis Gardner

From a pliotograph of a portion of the type specimen.
Two-fiftlis natural size.

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PLATE 18

Funis nit ens Gardner

Prom a pliotograjili of a young plant with a few fruiting segments and
characteristic vegetative segments. One-half natural size.

[f)6]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 18

^

PLATP] ]9

Fiifiis iiit(iis ( lanliK.'r

From a iihotoiiiajili ut' tht^ type spoeiiiien allowing mature receptacles, mostly
swollen. 'I'wo-fiftlis natural size.

Ls.s]

UNIV. CALIF, PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[GARDNER] PLATE 19

In the explanation of plate 19, delete the word "type."

PLATE 20

Fiiciis iitffdfiis f. cdenfdlu.s (De la T'vl.) Rosenv.

From a photogiaiili of a plant from the Taeroe Tslands, determined by
Borgesen. One-third natural size.

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PLATE 21
Fueus i'dcniatus f. Iwspcrhis Gavilner
Fi-oiii :t pliotograiih of a portion of a plant, the type. One-tliinl natural size.

[102

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT, VOL, 10

[ GARDNER ] PLATE 21

PLATE 22

Fuc-us edentatus f. divergens Gardner

From a iihotograj)h of the type speciiiieu. Three-eigliths natural size.

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PLATE 23

Fuvus edenfatus f. co-sialu.s Gardner
From a ]ili()toora|,li of tlie tyjie sjieeimen. Two-fifths natural size.

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T'LATE 24

Fucus cch'iitiitit.s f. co.sldlH.s (iardiier

From a j)hotograi)h of two plants, the smaller (•oi!ii)letely and the larger
almost sterile. Two-fifths natural size.

[1(18]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[GARDNER] PLATE 24

I'l.ATK 27)

Fnciis I'dciihihis f. acatiM (lardner

From a jilioto.yrapli of a plant, 'rvvo-fit'tlis natural s'ze.

I III!

PLATK 2fi

T'^Hcus edcnfnfns f. (livaricctlus (lardncr
F^iom a iiliotograjih of a fruiting plant. Three-fifths natural size.

[112]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[GARDNER] PLATE 26

PLATE 27
Fiiciis iiirmhrdiiacciis f. dbhrcvuitm Gardner
l-'iiini a |ili(it(),L;ra|ili of one-littlt' of a plant, tl'.c ty]i(\ Two-tliinls natural size.

114J

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

GARDNER | PLATE 27

PLATE 28

Fkck.s iiKiiihraiiaceus f. acuminatum Gardner
Fioiii :i iiliotograph of the typo speeimeD. Oiie-lialf uatuial size.

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PLATE 29

Fncus iiii'iiihrdiuiccus f. ohitisus GMVilner
From a pliotograiili of the type specimen. Oiio-tliiid natural >;ize.

IIS]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 29

PLATE 30

Fiwns niemhraiKtcciis f. Ifijiicvji Gardner

From a |ilioto<;ra[ili of a steril(> plant of the cotype.
Three-fifths natural size.

120]

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PLAT?: 31

F liens nil inhriniiKuiis f. Ii/jiinis (iai'diier
From a iilidtdgiajiii of the tyjio s|ie('iiiit'ii. Tlirce-fiftlis natural size.

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER 1 PLATE 31

PLATE 82

Fxcns )n( mhranaceus f. lintitafus Gardner
P^'idiii u ijluitiiurapli i)t' tlie type specimen. Three-fifths natural size.

[124]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[GARDNER] PLATE 32

PLATE 33

Furns nuitihrunarriis f. Jdlissituus Uariliii'i-

From a photograph of portions of plants showing the character of the
receptacles and sterile segments. One-third natural size.

IlM)J

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL, BOT. VOL. 10

GARDNER | PLATE 33

PLATE 34

Fitciis memhranaceus t. Jaiissimun Gardner
From a photograjih of the type specimen. One-tliiril natural size.

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PLATE 3()

Fueus evanesccns f. pcrnrdiujis Kjt>lliii.
From a pliotograpli of fragments of ilried plants. Two-thirds natural size.

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PLATE 37

FiKit.s <r(iiief:ceiis f. hiihiis Kjellm.
From ;i |ili(it(itir;i|ili of several wiiole jilants. 'rwo-tliinls natural size.

i:i41

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[GARDNER] PLATE 37

PLATE 38

Fuciis cvdxcsceiis f. cuncatKi^ Gardner

From a photograph of a grouji of i^lants in various stages of development.

Two-thirds natural size.

[i;56]

UNIV, CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. fO

[GARDNER) PLATE 38

PLATE 39

Fucus evanescens f. ecoslaiu.s (Jaidner

From a photograph of several jiarts of plants in various stages of ilevelop-
iiient.' One-third }iatural size.

[138]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER ] PLATE 33

PLATE 40

Fkcus evanescens f. orcyoitcnsi.s Gardner

From a photograj)li of tlie tyjie sjiecimen. One-half natural size.

[140]

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PLATE 41

Fh( k-s (■raiiL'.'<('eus f. (Jcndyoidca Stroeiiif.

Fioin a jilioto^r.'iph of ;i wliole jilaiit, exce]>tiiio- the liolilt'ast.
Two-thirds natui-a] size.

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL, BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 41

PLATE 43

Fiiciis ii'diicsfeitx f. fidhdldt n.s (Tardner
Fioni a |ili(it(ijira|ili of the ty]ie siieeiiiuMi. 'I'wo-fit'tlis iiatuial size.

146]

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Fucus evaiicsceus f. iiitermcdius Gardner
From a pliotograph of tlie type specimen. Two-thirds natuial size.

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PLATK 45

Fiioi.s (TdiK sr( IIS f. mdcroctiihahis Kjellni.
From a jihotograph of portions of niatuie plants. Oin'-half natural si/e.

I.IO]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 45

PLATK 46

FucHS evdiusren.s f. iitdcroci iihnhis Kjellni.

From a phutograph of Kjellinan 's type specimen. 1:1.8.

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PLATE 47

Fiicus cvdiicscciis f. pcrarandis Kji'lliii.
Frniii a pli()t(igi-;t])li uf KJi'llinan 's type sjuH-iiiuMi. 1:1.8.

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I'LATE 48

F)i('its cfdiic'^ccns f. pcrfiritiidh Kjclliii.

)ili()tiiL;iaiili of a yiortion of a ]i]aiit and a series of receptacles.
One-half natural size.

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PLATE 49

Fucus cvauescens f. rohustus 8. and G.
From ;i [iliotograjih of the tyjie si.ecimeii diied. Oiio-tliird natural size.

]:>8]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL, BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 49

PLATE 50

Fucus evanescens f. robust us S. and G.

From a i)liotograph of a portion of a fresh plant. Ono-thinl natural size.

[160]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[GARDNER] PLATE 50

PLATE .31

Fucus cvancscciis f. )u(i(/itipc(i.s (iarduer

Fi-oin a jtliotogiapli of a yrouj) of ie<-e|itack'8. T\\ o-thiiils natural size.

[162]

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PLATE 53

Fitcns tvaiicsceiifi f. stcUdtus Gardner
From a j[ili(itoi;ra|ih of the tvjie sjieciineii. Oue-tliird natural size.

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PLATE 54

Fuciis erancscens f. loiu/ifnictus S. aii<l (t.

From a photograph of a cotype specimen. One-fourth natural !<ize.

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PLATE 55

Fti.cus evanescens f. cornutus Kjellin.
From a photograph of Kjellinaii 's type specimen. 1:1.8.

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PLATE 56

Fkciis cranrsceus f. 1 ijpicus Kjellm.
Fri.iiii a jiliotograpli of Jvjelluian 's type spec-inieu. 1:1.8.

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PLATE .17

Ft(cus evanesccus f. rudis Kjellm.

Frdiii ;i iihoto<^iai)li of Kjellinaii "s type speciiiuMi. !:!>.

'-^J

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ GARDNER | PLATE 57

PLATE 58

Funis cvaiiescens f. Umitatu.s Kjellni.

Fi-oni ;i pliotogiajili of Kjellman 's type speciineu. 1:1. 8.

[176]

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PLATE 59

Fiicii.s crdiK sccii.s f. liiiiitdhis Kjt'llm.

FioMi a ]iliut()i;iaiili of two fragments of plants, sliowing the nneijual growth
of the various segments. Two-tliirds natural size.

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]'LATE 60. FraURE 1

Fiicus edenialuH De la Pyl.

From a jihotograiih of the ty])e si)ecinieii in the heiliaiium of the Paris
]\riiseuni. Alioiit two-fiftlis tlie size of di'ieil specimen.

PLATE 60. FIGURE 2

Fitciis t'deiiidtiis var. (iiKinsfior l^e la Pyl.

From a ]>hotoj;raiih of a s]iecimen in tlie herliariuni of the Paris Museum.
About two-fifths the size of dried spec-imen.

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PLANTAE MEXICANAE PURPUSIANAE, XI

BY

TOWNSHEND STITH BRANDEGEE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

1922

University of California Publications in Botany
Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 181-188, 1 figure in text
Issued November 20, 1922 .

QASIDEN

PLANTAE MEXICANAE PURPUSIANAE, XI

BY

TOWNSHEND STITH BEANDEGEE

Tradescantia heterophylla, sp. nov.

Ramosa, glabra: caulibus e radicibus fasciculato-tnberosis, phis
quam 5 dm. altis : foliis anguste linearibiis usque ad 15 cm. longis,
nunc 1 cm. latis, nunc 2 mm. latis : floribus in umbellis terminalibus
interdum axillaribus ; pedicellis 1-3 cm. longis ; pedunculis 4-6 cm.
longis ; staminibus consimilibus ; filamentis inf erne barbatis ; petalis
roseis sepala paululum superantibus ; seminibus rugosis.

The pedicels of the umbel are sometimes divided and 2-flowered,
Collected in the Cape Region of Baja California by T. S. Brandegee
at Sierra El Taste, at Corral Piedra, and other localities. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 142035.

Gomphrena crassicaulis, sp. nov.

Erecta plus quam 4 dm. alta, ramosa : ramis et caulibus paululum
hirsutis : foliis ovato-oblongis, apice acutis, basi in petiolum ca. 7 mm.
c^ longum angustatis, ca. 5 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, utrinque appresso-
^ hirsutis : spicis brevibus terminalibus vel axillaribus sessilibus ca. 1.5
'^ cm. latis, foliolis ovatis acutis dense sericeo-hirsutis eis brevioribus
•—^ involucratis ; bracteis late ovatis acuminatis concavis ; bracteolis quam
^^ bracteis 4-plo. longioribus, ca. 8 mm. longis, longe acuminatis albis,
O dorso valde cristatis, crista lacerata-dentata ; segmentis perianthii
^. lanceolatis quam bracteolis brevioribus; staminum tubo incluso; stylo
tubo breviori, stigmatibus 2 linearibus.

This is a large plant of which the basal parts were not collected.
It is near G. Palmeri according to its description. The bractlets are
not indurated; the leaves are broadly oval, rounded, or obtuse at the
apex ; the crests are deeply lacerate rather than denticulate and the
stamen tube is not exserted. Collected at Acasonica. No. 8907. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 205125.

Lonchocarpus dumetorum, sp, nov.

Ramis brunneis : racemis axillaribus terminalibusque usque ad 18
cm. longis ; pedunculis ca. 1 mm. longis 1-2-floris quam pedicellis
multo brevioribus : foliis ca. 15 cm. longis, 3-5-f oliolatis ; foliolis

182 University of California Piiblications in Botany [Vol. 10

utrinque glabris, oblongo-ovatis 4-11 cm. longis, 1.5-4.5 cm, latis,
apice obtuse acuminatis : calyce 5-sinuato-dentato, albo-sericeo-
pubescenti ; vexillo suborbiculato, ca. 12 mm. lato, apice alte emar-
ginato, flavido-punctato, dorso minute pubescenti, ochroleuco, ungui
ca. 2.5 mm. longo ; stamine vexillari basi libero ; stylo curvato ; alis
flavido-punctatis violaceo-tinctis ; ovario pubescenti, 5-10-ovulato ;
legumine immature, oblongo, mcmbranaceo, glabro, 1-3-spermo, ca.
8 cm. longo, 1.8 cm. lato.

Three of the four collections are leafless. Collected at Remulatero,
Vera Cruz. Nos. 8591 and 8588. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 20596.

Pithecolobium leucospermum, sp. nov.

Ramis brunneis lenticellis praeditis, flexuosis: foliis bipinnatis,
pinnis 3-4-jugis ; foliolis 8-10-jugis, oblongis, acutis, basi inaequalibus,
utrinque paullo pubescentibus, rachidibus albo-pubescentibus, stipulis
deciduis vel rare spinis validis instructis : floribus in capita congestis ;
jiedunculis pubescentibus, 1-2 cm. longis, 1-2-axillaribus, glandulis
plerumque deficientibus ; calyce ca. 2 mm. longo, paullo pubescenti,
breviter dentato; corolla ochroleuca, ca. 5 mm. longa, paullo
pubescenti, apice breviter 5-loba; staminibus longe exsertis, basi ca.
2 mm. connatis ; legumine coriaceo, fusco, glabro, paullo f alcato, usque
ad 20-spermo, 2-valvi, ca. 15 cm. longo, 7 mm. lato, intus septato ;
seminibus ovatis, pallide albis, nitidis ; f uniculo filif ormi, contorto.

The egg-like seeds are different from those of most Mexican species
of the genus. Collected in a barranca near Cameron, Vera Cruz.
No. 8717. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 206765.

Mimosa chaetocarpa, sp. nov.

Fruticosa inermis: caulibus cinereis setosis: pinnis unijugis;
petiolis ca. 8 mm. longis, hirsutis ; stipulis lanceolatis ca. 3 mm. longis,
setosis ; foliolis pinnae 16-22 oblongo-obliquis, margine parum setosis,
utrinque breviter setosis, apice obtusis mucronatis : floribus ut videtur
siccatis purpureis, in capitulum congestis, 4-meris; pedunculis ca. 2
cm. longis, hirsutis, axillaribus: legumine juveni oblongo ca. 15 mm.
longo, 5 mm. lato, apice mucronato, utrinque longe denseque setoso,
setis stramineis albescentibus, ca. 3 mm. longis, 2-3-spermis.

The crowded densely setose pods are very conspicuous. Only
fruiting specimens with remnants of old dried flowers were collected.
Collected at Cameron, Vera Cruz. No. 8600. Type, Herb. Univ.
Calif. No. 206733.

1922] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI 183

Calliandra mexicana, sp. nov.

Frutex ? ramis pubescentibus : pinnis 1-jugis ; f oliolis 2-jiigis, fere
glabris, oblique obovatis, apice apiculatis, 1-nerviis, ca. 14 mm. longis,
9 mm. latis, addito tertio saepe minori ; petiolis usque ad 7 mm. longis,
pubescentibus ; stipulis brunneis, lanceolatis, ca. 4 mm. longis :
capitulis globosis ; pedunculis ca. 4 cm. longis, pubescentibus, ad
axilis solitariis vel geminis : floribus rubris ; calyce ca. 2-5 mm. longis,
parum pubescentibus ; corolla inf undibulif ormi, ca. 5.5 mm. longa ;
staminibus numerosis, ca. 3 cm. longis, basi in tubum corollam
aequantem, connatis. Legumen deest.

A handsome species bearing large heads of red flowers and small
shining leaves. Collected near Kemulatero, Vera Cruz. No. 8726.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 214396.

Calliandra scopulina, sp. nov.

Frutex ? ramis crassis glabris, lenticellis instructis : pinnis uni jugis
5-6 cm. longis ; f oliolis 2-3-jugis glabris ovato-lanceolatis, terminali-
bus ca. 6 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, inferioribus minoribus, apice
acuminatis, basi cuneatis; petiolis 0.1-1.0 cm. longis: capitulis florum
ad nodos vetustos pedunculis 3-5 mm. longis ; corolla ca. 6 mm. longa,
ochroleuca ; filamentorum tubo corollae aequali. Legumen deest.

The heads of flowers are nearly sessile along the branches. Col-
lected in a rocky barranca near Cameron, Vera Cruz. No. 8930.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 205119.

Bauhinia (Casparia) peninsularis, sp. nov.

Frutex ramosus, 2-3 m. altus : ramis brunneis f ulvo-tomentosis :
foliis apice obtusis ad tertiam partem bilobatis, basi cordatis, usque
ad 5 cm. longis, 6 cm. latis, 7-9 nerviis, subtus tomentosis, supra
glabris ; petiolis ca. 1.4 cm. longis, tomentosis ; petalis ca. 2 cm. longis,
albis ; ovario dense tomentoso : legumine glabro oblongo, utrinque
acuto, ca. 8 cm. longo, 1.5 cm. lato ; stipite ca. 2.5 cm. longo.

The cordate basal sinus is about as large as the emargination
between the lobes of the leaflets. Collected in the Cape Region of
Baja California by T. S. Brandegee, at Pescadero, at west side of
Cape Region and at Buena Vista, No. 177. The specimens from the
latter locality were listed as B. porrecta var. ? Type, Herb. Univ.
Calif. No. 137264.

184 University of California Fublications in Botany [Vol. 10

Desmodium sylvicola, sp. nov.

Herbaceiim, erectum, ramosum : caulibus striatis, glabris : foliis
inferioribus trifoliatis; superioribus unifoliatis superne gradatim in
bracteas nutantibus, utrinque glabris ; foliolis ovato-acutis, usque ad
4.3 cm. longis, 2 era. latis ; foliolo terminal! majori cum petiolulo 1.8
cm. longo ; petiolulis f oliorum latiorum 2-3 mm. longis ; stipulis
brunneis, striatis, ca. 4 mm. longis ; stipellis filiformibus : inflorescentia
laxe paniculata ; calyce breviter uneinato-hirsuto ; corolla purpurea ;
pedicellis peduneulisque breviter uncinato-hirsutis ; bracteis sub
floribus ovato-lanceolatis, ca. 5 mm. longis, breviter hirsutis ; legumine
breviter stipitato, glabro ; articulis 4-5, ovato-orbicularibus, plerumque
sibi invicem replicatis; isthmis centralibus.

Usually the legume resembles that of D. plectocarpum Hemsley
but sometimes it is flat. The specimens do not show the height of the
plant. Collected at Lochiapa, Vera Cruz, in rocky forests. No. 8658.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 208411.

Parosela longeracemosa, sp. nov.

Fruticulus plus quam 25 cm. altus ramosus : ramis juvenibus
pubescentibus : f oliorum rhachi ca. 1.7 cm. longa, pubescenti,
indistincte glancluloso-punctata ; petiolo pubescenti, ca. 1 cm. longo ;
foliolis oblongo-obovatis, primum puberulis demum supra glabris,
subtus glanduloso-punctatis, ca. 7 mm. longis ; stipulis subulatis,
brevibus; racemis caules vel ramos terminantibus, laxifloris fructiferis
demum usque ad 18 cm. longis, rachi pubescenti ; calyce campanulato,
villoso, eglanduloso, dentibus deltoideis brevibus margine albo-
pubescentibus ; vexillo late cordato, oehroleuco, ca. 6 mm. longo, quam
carina purpurea breviori ; alls purpureis : legumine apicem versus
puberulo : bracteis calyce brevioribus ovato-lanceolatis, pubescentibus,
deciduis.

Not sufficient quantity was collected for distribution. Collected
at Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi. No. 4839. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 148411.

Hiraea Purpusii, sp. nov.

Fruticosa : ramis brunneis : foliis coriaceis, ovatis vel obovatis,
apice acutis, obtusis, vel emarginatis, basi truncatis vel cordatis, supra
glabris, nitentibus, subtus praeter' costam parum hirsutulam glabris,
7-12 cm. longis, 3-6 cm. latis; petiolis hirsutulis, ca. 5 mm. longis,
interdum glandulam gerentibus : pedunculis ca. 8 mm. longis ; pedicellis
ca. 15 mm. longis, hirsutulis; sepalis ovatis, ca. 2 mm. longis, interdum
glandulis concavis, stipitatis instructis; petalis flavis, margine den-
ticulatis; samaris alls lateralibus, membranaceis, flabelliformibus,
dorso crista instructis, alas includentibus ca. 2.2 cm. latis.

1922] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI 185

Usually only one samara develops. The plant is very floriferous.
Collected at Cameron, Vera Cruz. No. 8731. Type, Herb. Univ.
Calif. No. 214375.

Croton sitiens, sp. nov.

Fruticulus : ramis cinereis, glabris : f oliis ovato-aeutis, basi
euneatis, margine minute denticulatis, utrinque dense longeque
stellato-hirsutis, venis ca. 4-jugis, ca. 15 mm. longis, 5 min. latis, ad
apices ramorum congestis ; petiolis ca. 3 mm. longis ; stipulis parvis ;
spicis terminalibus axillaribusque, monoicis ca. 1 cm. longis; bracteis
ca. 1.5 mm. longis, ovato-lanceolatis, unifloris ; fioribus masculis 6-8,
calyce ca. 2.5 mm. alto ad medium 5-fido, staminibus 5, filamentis
glabris, petalis calycem aequantibus : flore f emineo solitario, apetalo,
calyce 5-partito, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, ca. 1 mm. longis ; ovario
pubescenti ; stylis prof unde bifidis, laciniis paulo bilobis ; capsula
calycem aequanti, dense stellato-hirsuta ; seminibus levibus.

The stamens, styles, and petals are often purple. Collected at
Kemulatero, Vera Cruz, gro^s'ing on dry slopes. No. 8732. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 214369.

Miconia Purpusii, sp. nov.

Frutex : f oliis in eodem jugo aequalibus, lanceolato-ellipticis, apice
longe acuminatis, basi euneatis, usque ad 15 cm. longis, 6 cm. latis,
3-5 nerviis, supra glabris, subtus interdum ad nervos paululum
ferrugineo-tomentosis, margine breviter spinuloso-sinuato-dentatis ;
petiolis ca. 2 cm. longis ; paniculis quam f oliis brevioribus : calyce
glabro urceolato ca. 3 mm. longo, limbo truncato persistenti ; petalis
5, ca. 4 mm. longis ; staminibus 10, antheris ca. 4 mm. longis in rimam
dehiscentibus : bacca subglobosa 5-loculari.

The greater number of the many species of Miconia have anthers
which open by terminal pores. This proposed new species belongs
to the small group in which the anthers open by longitudinal slits.
Collected at Mirador, Vera Cruz. No. 8903. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif.
No. 205088.

(Enothera thalassaphila, sp. nov.

Ascendens vel di^eumbens suffrutescens : caulibus breviter pubes-
centibus usque ad 30 cm. longis, interdum decorticantibus : f oliis
ovatis integris apice aeutis basi in petiolum ca. 1 mm. longum mar-
ginatum angustatis, dense albo-pubescentibus, ca. 1 cm. longis, 6 mm.
latis: fioribus axillaribus; sepalis ca. 1.7 cm. longis, e basi lata
attenuatis longitudine petalis aequalibus, sparsim breviterque albo-
pubescentibus ; tubo ca. 4 cm. longo, pubescente ; capsula ca. 3 cm.
longa, pubescente quadrangulare curvata ; seminibus oblongo-ovatis
utrinque aeutis, levibus.

186

University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

This probably is the same plant as Xantus, No. 35 referred by
Dr. Gray (Proc. Am, Acad., 5:158) to CE. sinuata var. humifusa and
by Dr. Watson (Rev. CKnothera, 1873:581) to (E. Drummondii. In
appearance it somewhat resembles (E. humifusa but the flowers are
much larger and the ovate leaves smaller. From (E. Drummondii it
differs by having a different pubescence and smaller leaves of a differ-
ent shape. The stems are more woody than those of either of the
two related species. Collected by T. S. Brandgee on the ocean beach
of the Cape Region of Baja California at San Jose del Cabo and
Pescadero and also at Rancho Tomate. Herb. Univ. Calif. Nos.
140659, 107673, 107674.

Fig. 1. Gunnera mexicana Brandg.

Gunnera mexicana, sp. nov.

Foliis chartaceis, latitudine valde variabilibus, prope apicem usque
ad 14 cm. latis, ca. 32 cm. longis in petiolum brevissimum gradatim
angustatis, apice grosse dentatis simul dentibus minoribus multis
instruetis, subtus ad costas breviter hirsutis venis hirsutulis: scapo
plus quam 30 cm. alto : inflorescentia thyrsoidea ramulis ca. 10 cm.
longis, fructibus subglobosis sessilibus ca. 1 cm. latis, Cet. ignota.

This extra limital species differs from the generic description in
the shape of the leaves. The leaves in circumscription are rounded at

1922] Brandegee : Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI 187

the top and attenuate into a very short petiole. The upper part is
almost acutely lobed and also dentate. The midvein is often two or
three times forked. The single specimen collected bears only mature
fruit. Collected from wet rocks of the Sierra Madre near IMisantla,
Vera Cruz. No. 8568. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 206237.

Pachystelma cordatum Brandg.

Additional collections of this species from the type locality enable
the fruit to be described,

Folliculi crassi, longe acuminati, tuberculoso-muricati, ca. 8 cm.
longi, medio ca. 1.5 cm. lati.

Cordia ovata, sp. no v.

Frutex: ramis glabris: foliis alternis late ovatis, acuminatis,
margine nunc repandis nunc breviter serratis nunc integris, ca. 5.5
cm. longis, 3.5 cm. latis, supra glabris, scabris, subtus praecipue ad
venas paululum pubescentibus ; petiolis ca. 1 cm. longis pubescentibus :
floribus in cymis dichotomis, pedunculis pedicellisque pubescentibus;
calyce ca. 4 mm. longo, anguste campanulato pubescenti, ca. 12-striato-
costato, 5-dentato, costis interdum paulo excurrentibus ; corolla in-
f undubilari ca. 1 cm. longa, alba ut videtur siccata ; antheris 5 inclusis ;
stylo 2-fido ramis breviter 2-fidis; drupa ossea 1-loculari.

The slightly bifid branches of the stjde are an important char-
acter. Collected at Remulatero, Vera Cruz. No. 8937. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. Xo. 205972.

Physalis filipendula, sp. nov.

Annua: caulibus glabris, striatis, ramosis: foliis glabris, ovato-
acuminatis, basi in petiolum ca. 5 cm. longum attenuatis; lamina
usque ad 8 cm. longa, 6 cm. lata, margine sinuato-dentata : corolla
ochroleuca, subrotata, diametro ca. 1.3 cm, ; pedicellis ca. 1.2 cm.
longis, parum furfuraceis: calyce fructiferi glabro, ovato-acuminato,
ca. 3-4 cm. longo, 2.4 cm. lato ; pedicello 4^6 cm. longo.

The long filiform pedicels of the large fruit furnish the most im-
portant character of the species. Collected by T. S. Brandegee in
Baja California at San Jose del Cabo and on Sierra San Lazaro.

188 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

Stemmadenia calycina, sp. iiov.

Friiticosiis : ramis einereis : foliis ovatis, vetustis supra glabris,
subtiis ad venas molliter pubescentibus, apice acutis, usque ad 8 cm.
longis, 5 cm. latis, breviter petiolatis; calycis segmentis late ovatis,
ca. 2 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, glabris, obtusis, basi bracteis duabus
inaequalil)us suffultis; corolla infundibulari, ca. 5 cm. longa, flava;
folliculis juvenibus divaricatis, acutis.

The calyx segments are much larger than those of *S'. hcUa, S.
tomentosa, and 8. Palmeri and have a different form. The upper
part of the segments seems to become yellow with age. Collected at
Remulatero, Vera Cruz. No. 8771. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No.
211882.

Roseanthus heterophyllus, sp. nov.

Monoicus : caulibus striatis glabris : foliis membranaceis trilobatis
vel integris, basi cordatis sinu lato, utrinque sparse hirsutis, usque
ad 13 cm. longis, 9 cm. latis, plerumque usque ad medium lobatis,
lobis ovatis acutis denticulatis ; petiolis ca. 3.5 cm. longis, sparsim
hirsutis : pedunculo masculo ca. 8.5 cm. longo ; flore 6.5 cm. longo,
albo ; f ructu maturo ovoideo, glabro 3.5-5 cm. longo, 3-4 cm. lato,
pedunculo 3.5 cm. longo.

The sinus at the base of the leaf is auricled by the blade. Collected
in Barranca de Panoaya, A'^era Cruz, climbing trees and rocks. No.
8686. Type, Herb Univ. Calif. No. 208377.

Apodanthera scaberrima, sp. nov.

]\Ionoica : caulibus striatis, scaberrimis, setosis: foliis latioribus
quam longis, fere ad medium 3-lobatis, utrinque setosis praecipue
subtus, setis interdum e basi pustulata, usque ad 5 cm, longis, 6 cm.
latis, basi leviter cordatis; lobis obtusis, margine denticulatis; petiolis
3-8'cm. longis, dense pustulato-setosis ; cirrhis simplicibus : pedunculo
masculo brevi 2-3-floro ; calycis lobis ovato-lanceolatis ; pedunculo
f emineo ca. 7 cm. longo, striato, pustulato ; calyce pustulato-setoso ;
corolla ca. 7 mm. longa ; staminibus 3, liberis ; antheris rectis, una
1-loculari, duabus 2-locularibus, dorso corollae affixis ; lobis acutis :
f ructu maturo ovoideo glabro, 4-5 cm, longo, 3 cm. lato ; seminibus
ellipsoideis utrinque acutis.

The lobes of the leaves are variable in shape and size. The whole
plant is very scabrous. The specimens furnish only old pistillate
flowers, young staminate ones, and a single mature fruit. Collected
in Barranca de Panoaya, Vera Cruz. No. 8685. Type, Herb. Univ.
Calif. No. 208381.

Transmuted Novcmher 3, 1922.

A REVISION OF THE CALIFORNIAN
SPECIES OF LOTUS

BV

ALICE M. OTTLEY

University of California Publications in Botany

Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 189-305, plates 61-82, maps 1-10

Issued September 11, 1923

A REVISION OF THE CALIFORNIA^
SPECIES OF LOTUS

BY

ALICE M. OTTLEY

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction 190

Geographical distribution — 190

Development of the generic concept of the genus Lotus in its relation to
the New World species 191

Reasons for remitnding the New World species to the Old World genus
Lotus 193

Acknowledgments 195

Systematic treatment 196

Explanation of certain terms used in the text 190

Descriptions and keys 19G

Literature cited 239

Explanation of plates 240

Index to species and maps 305

190 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

INTRODUCTION

In monographing the Calif ornian species of Lotus one must consider
first the limits of the species, and, second, the unity of the group and its
relationships to Old World forms. The early publications of Bentham
(1829, 1837), of Gray (1863), and of Watson (1876) dealing with
American species are inadequate to meet the present needs, as the
Avork of later students has resulted in the accumulation of much
material, and in additions to the number of described species. The
somewhat heterogeneous assemblage of American species is in many
respects similar to the Old World group, but has been treated in
diverse ways by the various authors. An Enumeration of the North
American Loti was published by Greene in 1890. Although com-
paratively few species have been described since, the need of further
investigation is still great, as Greene's diagnoses are commonly brief
and practically ignore the variations present within many of the
species.

Geographical Distribution

The New World Loti comprise a large group of species, limited,
almost without exception, to western North America, extending from
British Columbia to Mexico and Lower California, but, in one case,
reaching as far south as Chile. Only one native species has been cited
for the eastern, and one for the middle United States, the latter being
abundant in the Pacific Coast states. More species are found growing
in California than in any other one state. In the northern part of
the state occur species common to British Columbia, Washington,
Idaho, and Oregon ; in the southern part and in the islands off the
coast appear many species which occur also in Lower California ; and
in the eastern and southeastern parts, especially in the regions of the
Mohave and Colorado deserts, are found several species whose range
extends into Nevada, Arizona, and Mexico.

The Old World species of Lotus have a widespread geographical
distribution. They are of most common occurrence in those parts of
Europe, Asia, and Africa adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, but they
appear also in northern Europe, southern Africa, and montane Asia.
In Australia the genus is represented by one indigenous species.

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 191

Development of the Generic Concept of the Genus Lotus
IN Its Kelation to the New World Species

The American species first described were referred to the Old

World generic type Lotus. They were L. sericeus Pursh, in 1814,

and L. suhpinnatus Lag., in 1816. The third species was described

by W. J. Hooker as L. pinnatus in 1829. Later that same year,

Bentham redescribed this species and named it Hosackia hicolor

Dougl. making it the type of the new genus Hosackia. At the same

time he described two other species for his new genus, Hosackia

decumhens and Hosackia parviflora, and transferred Lotus sericeus

of Pursh to Hosackia, assigning to it the binomial Hosackia purshiana.

In stating his reasons for regarding the American plants as generically

distinct from the Old World genus Lotus, Bentham says of Hosackia

hicolor Dougl.

This plant has much of the habit, as well as the inflorescence and fruit
of a Lotus, to which Dr. Hooker. has referred it in the Botanical Magazine; but
independently of the characters which may be drawn from the position of the
alae and the capitate stigma, the pinnate not ternate leaves, and the absence
of the large foliaceous stipule of Lotus — characters which appear to be of
importance among most of the Leguminosae * * * perhaps alone suffice for the
adoption of the genus HosacMa proposed by Mr. Douglas.

Bentham found, however, as he became acquainted with an
increasingly larger number of American species, that the characters
which he had regarded as distinctive for Hosackia did not hold for
all; and in 1837, retaining the name Hosackia for eleven species,
he referred five {Lj. suhpinnatus Lag., L. macraei Benth., L.
micranthus Benth., L. sericeus Pursh, and L.f unifoliolatus Hook.)
to the genus LotiLS and created for these the section Microlotus
characterized by plants having one-flowered peduncles and exstipulate
leaves of three to five leaflets. Bentham and Hooker (Genera
Plantarum, 1865) reduced two of these {L. macraei Benth. and L.
unifoliolatus Hook.) to synonymy, retained the other three in the
section Microlotus of the genus Lotus, and referred twenty -five other
American species to the genus Hosackia.

Torrey and Gray (Flora of North America, 1838) used the name
Hosackia for all the American species, as did Gray (Synopsis of the
Species of Hosackia, 1863). Watson (Botany of California, 1876)
followed Gray in recognizing the genus Hosackia and referred to it
all the species belonging to the group under discussion. These three
works, however, differ as to the number of sections and as to the

192 University of California Publications in Botany V^'ou 10

taxonomic position of certain species. Torrey and Gray {op. cit.,
1888), divided the group into four sections: Euhosackia Benth.,
Drepanalohus Nutt. (later in the same work changed to Syrmatium
Vogel), Microlotus Benth., and Psychopsis Nutt. MSS. Gray (1863)
grouped the species within the three sections, Euhosackia, Microlotus,
and Syrmatium, and Watson (Botany of California) followed Gray
in this usage. Gray and Watson reduced the five species of the
section Psychopsis Nutt. as given in Torrey and Gray {op. cit., 1838)
to one species, Hosackia purshiana Benth., and assigned this species
to the section Microlotus. The section Microlotus of Hosackia as
given in Gray 's Synopsis and in the Botany of California differs from
Bentham's Microlotus of Lotus by the omission of a single species;
this species, Hosackia parvi flora Benth. {Lotus micranthus Benth.)
having been assigned by Gray and Watson to the section Euhosackia.
On the other hand, the section Microlotus in the Flora of North
America contains not only Hosackia parviflora Benth. and Hosackia
suhpinnata T. & G. but also Hosackia strigosa Nutt. with its near
relatives, and Hosackia maritima Nutt. Torrey and Gray believed
that these latter species show a complete transition from the single-
flowered species of Microlotus to the umbellate species of typical
Hosackia.

In 1890 Greene remanded all the New World species to the genus
Lotus under four sections corresponding to the following genera of
earlier authors : Acmispon Raf ., Anisolotus Bernh., Hosackia Benth,,
and Syrmatium Vogel. In Engler and Prantl (Die Natiirliehen
Pflanzenfamilien) all the American species are referred by Taubert
to the genus Hosackia. On the other hand, some of the more recent
authors have not only discarded the generic name Lotus for the
New World species, but have treated the several groups {Hosackia,
Acmispon, Anisolotus, and Syrmatium) as distinct genera. In
general, each author's usage has differed from all other treatments in
regard to the generic concept and also in regard to the limits ascribed
to the species. The various assignm-ents of the species to Lotus and
its segregates may be summarized as follows :

1. All the American species have been referred to the Old World
genus Lotus.

2. All the New World plants have been treated as a distinct genus
under the name Hosackia.

3. The American species have not only been regarded as wholly
distinct generieally from the genus Lotus of the Old World, but have

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 193

been segregated into several genera : Hosackia Benth., Acmispon Kaf.,
Syrmatitim Vogel, and AnisoJotus Bernh,

4. The genus Hosackia has been recognized as including the greater
number of American species, while at the same time certain of the
sjjecies were remanded to the Old World genus Lotus.

Reasons for Remanding the New "World Species to the
Old World Genus Lotus

While the North American species have been assigned to two or
more distinct genera, the species which form the most well-marked
group are those which have been referred to the genus Syrmatium
(subgenus Syrmatium of this paper). In general they are char-
acterized by small indehiscent arcuate legumes which with the per-
sistent calyx and pedicel are deciduous at maturity. These characters,
however, with the exception of the deciduous fruit, are not constant
for all the species assigned to the group. The legumes of some
may be tardily dehiscent, as has been observed in the case of Lotus
eriophorus Greene (Syrmatium eriophorum Heller), while two of the
species, Lotus glaher Greene (Syrmatium glabrxim Vogel), and Lotus
leucophyllus Greene (Syrmatium sericeum Greene), have straight or
slightly falcate legumes. The leaves, inflorescence, and flowers possess
only those characters which have their counterpart in many of the
species of the groups Hosackia and Acmkpon. The deciduous fruit
is therefore the only distinguishing character which is constant for
the Syrmatium group. Shall we recognize such a character as of
sufficient importance to justify the formation of a new genus? Of
this Greene (1890) says: "Since the jointed pedicels and deciduous
fruiting calyces of for example the Lag opus subgenus of Trifolium
are not to be of generic import, neither may they be so treated in
this group of Lotus which has been called a genus under the name
Syrmatium."

A consistent treatment of the remaining species would demand
recognition of at least five generic groups: (1) Hosackia Benth.
including those species with stipules, (2) Acmispon Raf. represented
by L. americanus Bisch. with its three-foliolate leaves, (3) Anisolotus
Bernh. embracing L. suhpinnatus Lag., L. humistratus Greene, and
L. denticulatus Greene, all having seeds and corollas that differ
slightly from those of the other American species, and (4 and 5) two
additional genera separated b}'' characters of corolla and stigma.

194 University of California Publications in Botany [^^oi.. 10

If the Californian species were grouped according to the method
outlined above they would segregate into five or six genera, largely
on the basis of single characters which are of doubtful generic
importance. The appearance of intergrades also presents an objec-
tion. For example, Lotus oMongifolius Greene var. cupreus of the
subgenus Hosackia, with its short leaves of three to seven leaflets, its
small flowers with petal claws approximate, and its few-flowered
umbels (mostly 1 to 3), more closely resembles some of the species
within the subgenus Acmispon than it does the other species of the
subgenus Hosackia. Lotus micranthus Benth. is another of these
troublesome species and has been disposed of in different ways by the
various authors.

It has been suggested that the Old World genus Lotus is used in
too restricted a sense and that it should be extended to include several
other closely related genera. With reference to this point, Greene
(1890) states: "Lotus Tetragonolobus, Lotea, Krokeria and Dory-
cnium of the Old World along with Acmispon, Anisolotus, Hosackia,
and Syrmatium of the New World are even more naturally of one
genus than are the various subdivisions of the one genus Trifolium
as now everywhere received." If we accept the view that the New
World species are not sufficiently diverse to be referred to different
genera, but constitute a natural generic group, we have next to con-
sider whether the American species are generically distinct from the
Old World genus Lotus, as used in the broader sense indicated above,
or whether they form merely a part of it.

As a result of careful study of the literature and of available
plant material, we find that the American species as a group possess
no constant characters of inflorescence, flower, or fruit which dis-
tinguish them generically from the European Loti as conceived by
Greene. The most nearly constant character that has been used in
separating the two groups relates to the leaves. The typical leaf in
the Old World species is pinnately compound with three leaflets at
the apex of the rachis and two at the base of the leaf, close to the
stem, simulating stipules. The leaves of the New World species are
far from uniform in the number and arrangement of the leaflets.
They vary from pinnately to subpalmately compound with the leaflets
ranging in number from three to fifteen or more. According to the
usage adopted in the present paper distinct stipules are always
present in the subgenus Hosackia, while in the subgenera Acmispon
and Syrmatium the stipules are reduced to glands. The leaves of

1923] Ottley: A Eevision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 195

three or four species of the subgenus Acmispon resemble very closely
those of the typical European Loti. Leaves with three leaflets at the
apex of the rachis and one at the base near the stem are of common
occurrence in Lotus sul)pinnatus Lag. and in L. humistratus Greene,
while in L. americanus Bisch. leaves with one terminal leaflet and
two lateral ones near the stem are the rule. Moreover, certain Old
World species which differ in leaf character from the Lotus type in
the restricted sense possess leaves similar to those occurring in certain
species of the American representation ; for example, the short petioled
subpalmate leaves with gland-like stipules of Dorycnium suffruticosum
Villars correspond closely to those of Lotus ivrightii Greene of the
American species.

Therefore, since characters of generic importance are lacking in
inflorescence, flower, and fruit, and since the distinctive leaf characters
in addition to being merely vegetative are weakened by the presence
of exceptions and intergrades, we have remanded the American species
to the Old AYorld genus Lotus in its broadest sense.

Acknowledgments

Grateful acknowledgments are due those who have assisted me in
this work. Dr. Willis Linn Jepson of the University of California,
under whose careful direction the work was carried on, has been most
helpful in giving suggestions and criticisms and has kindly permitted
me to use his research material, his library, and his manuscript notes
relating to the types of Hosackia and of North American Loti pre-
served in the Kew Herbarium. These notes contain not only descrip-
tions of the types but also comparisons of many of the types with
specimens in the herbarium at the University of California and have
been of invaluable aid to me in determining the specific limits of
certain species. Mr. Frank W. Peirson of Pasadena, California, very
generously assisted me in making field observations and in collecting
specimens of those species of Lotus growing in southern California.
For the privilege of examining herbarium material I am indebted to
those in charge of the herbaria of the University of California, Leland
Stanford Junior University, Pomona College, the California Academy
of Sciences, the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, and the
United States National Museum. To these and to all others whose
services or interest have contributed toward the preparation of this
paper, I wish to express my heartiest thanks.

196 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
Explanation of Certain Terms Used in the Text

Calyx tube should be interpreted to include the short hypanthium at the
base of the flower. Length of flower refers to the distance between the tip of the
wings and the apex of the pedicel. The terms Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran,
and Transition refer to life zones in which the different species herein treated
are found growing. In general, the Lower Sonoran extends from sea level to
the foothills, the Upper Sonoran comprises the Foothill Belt, and the Transition
covers the Yellow Pine Belt. Quotations followed by " Jepson '06, Kew Herb."
signify that these quotations Avere taken from a manuscript volume of notes
made by Dr. Jepson in 1906 while studying the types of Lotus and Hosackia
at the Kew Herbarium.

LOTUS [Tourn.] L.

Annuals or perennials, the perennials herbaceous or suffrutescent.
Leaves pinnately compound, rarely subpalmate ; leaflets one to many,
entire-margined ; stipules f oliaeeous, membranous, scarious, or gland-
like. Flowers in axillary umbels or rarely solitary, mostly leafy-
bracteate. Calyx cylindrical, with teeth more or less subequal.
Corolla whitish to j^ellow, tinged or streaked with red, rose, or purple ;
wings obovate or oblong, adhering at base to the gibbous keel by
means of a lobe or process; keel incurved, beaked, or obtuse. Petals
and diadelphous stamens attached to a short perigynous disk or
hypanthium. Ovary one to many-ovuled ; style incurved. Legumes
straight to strongly arcuate.

Subgenus 1. Hosackia. Perennials; leaves odd-pinnate with
foliaceous, membranous, or scarious stipules ; flowers usually more
than 1 cm. long, several to many in long-pedunculate umbels ; legumes
dehiscent, straight, abruptly short-beaked, several to many-seeded ;
fruit not reflexed.

Legumes linear-oblong, 3 or more mm. wide; bracts usually distant from the
umbel and often pinnately compound; pedicels 1 mm. to 1 cm. long; claws
of petals exserted beyond calyx tube; blades of the keel and banner
shorter than their claws.

Densely gray-woo-lly ; calyx teeth linear-subulate, 1.5 to 3 mm. long

1. L. incanus.

Villous to glabrous; calyx teeth less than 2 mm. long.

Villous to glabrate, often glandular; leaflets oblong to oval (obovate),
those of the variety glaucous on the under side; calxy teeth tri-
angular or subulate; legumes 2 to 4 cm. long 2. L. stipularis.

Mature herbage glabrous, young herbage densely covered with short
arched hairs; leaflets oval, rhombic, or obovate, under side glaucous,
with few short appressed hairs; calyx teeth short subulate-tri-
angular (or longer); legumes 3.5 to 7 cm. long 3. L. crassifolius.

1923] Ottley: A Revisio7i of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 197

Legumes linear; bracts, when present, mostly of 1 to 3 leaflets closely associated
with the umbel; pedicels short, rarely over 1 mm. long.

Glabrous or nearly so; flowers 1.3 to 2 cm. long; claws of the petals dis-
tinctly exserted beyong the calyx tube, those of the keel longer than
the narrowly beaked blade.

Bract absent as a rule; flowers yellow and white or cream-color

_ 4, L. pinnatus.

Bract of 1 to 3 leaflets; banner yellow, wings pale rose or lilac, tip of
keel purple 5. L. formosissimus.

Hirsute-pubescent to nearly glabrous; flowers 7 mm. to 1.5 cm. long; claws
of the petals obscurely exserted beyong calyx tube, those of the keel

only about one-half the length of the broad rounded blade

6. L. oblongifolius.

Subgenus 2. Acmispon. Annuals or perennials; leaves pinnate
or in a few species subpalmate, short (except in L. grandiflorus) ;
stipules gland-like ; flowers 4 mm. to 2.5 cm. long, solitary or umbellate,
mostly peduncled ; legumes dehiscent, straight or nearly so, abruptly
short-beaked, two to many-seeded, not reflexed.

Stigma capitate with a collar of spreading hairs below it; wings conspicuously
longer than the keel, canoe-shaped, one beneath, the other inverted over
the keel; banner blade attenuate into the claw.

Perennials; umbels pedunculate, one to many-flowered.

Leaf rachis elongated; flowers 1.3 to 2.5 cm. long; umbels mostly several-
flowered 7. L. grandiflorus.

Rachis short, bearing few leaflets, leaves often subpalmate; umbels 1 to

3 (to 5)-flowered.

Plant erect; stems stiff, internodes long: leaves small; flowers 1.3 cm.

to 2.2 cm. long; legumes typically straw-colored, terete, 2 to

5 cm. long by 3 to 5 mm. -wide, many-seeded; seeds granulose.

8. L. rigidus.

Plants procumbent to ascending; internodes not conspicuously long;

seeds not granulose but occasionally shallow-pitted.

Legumes mostly reddish brown, appressed-pubescent, 2.5 mm. or less

A^•ide ; flowers 8 to 10 mm. long..9. L. wrightii var. multicaulis.

Legumes mostly straw-colored, thinly silky-pubescent, 1 to 2.2 cm.

long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; flowers 8 to 12 mm. long

10. L. argyraeus.

Annuals; umbels pedunculate, 1 to 3-flowered.

Seeds quadrate, granulose, sometimes rugose 11. L. strigosus.

Seeds subglobose, granulose, sometimes rugose 12. L. tnmentellus.

Stigma capitate but without the collar of hairs; wings of about the same length
as the keel, more or less strap-shaped, one on either side of the keel;
banner blade abruptly clawed; flowers not over 1.2 cm. long; annuals.

Seeds orbicular to short-oblong, ends always rounded; legumes linear; flowers
peduncled (except in variety of L. americanus) .

Leaf rachis dilated; umbels 1 to 5-flowered; keel obtuse, not attenuately
beaked 13. L. salsuginosus.

198 Vniversiti) of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

Leaf rachis scarcely if at all dilated; umbels reduced to one flower; keel
acute, attenuately beaked.
Calyx teeth shorter than the tube; legumes constricted between the
seeds; leaves, at least many of them, of more than 3 leaflets.

14. L. micranthus

Calyx teeth longer than the tube, approaching the length of the
corolla; legumes scarcely if at all constricted between the
seeds; leaves of 3 (1 to 5) leaflets 15. L. americanus.

Seeds variable but always flattened and angled at one or both ends, a cross-
section through center diamond-shaped; legumes oblong to linear;
flowers subsessile; rachis dilated.
Legumes 1 to 2.5 cm. long.

Plants erect; flowers wiiitish cream-color, tinged with purple; calyx

teeth longer than tube 16. L. denticulatus.

Plants not erect; flowers yellow, tinged with reddish purple; calyx
teeth shorter or slightly longer than the tube.... 17. L. suhpiimatus.

Legumes not more than 1 cm. long; plant not erect; flowers yellow,
tinged with reddish purple; calyx teeth much longer than the tube.
18. L. Immistratus.

Subgenus 3. Syrmatiuni. Mostly perennials (often flowering the
first season) ; leaves short-pinnate with gland-like stipules; flowers
2 to 12 mm. long, umbellate (umbels sometimes reduced to a single
flower) ; legumes small, less than 2 cm. in length, arcuate to nearly
straight, mostly attenuate into a long incurved beak, one to several-
seeded ; fruits reflexed, indehiscent, deciduous at base of pedicel.

Annuals; legumes usually 2-seeded, more or less constricted between the seeds,
long and slender, slightly curved.

Umbels pedunculate; flowers 5 to 7 mm. long; style glabrous

19. L. nuUallianus.

Umbels nearly sessile; flowers 3 to 4.5 mm. long; style pubescent

20. L. hamatus.

Perennials.

Legumes one to several-seeded, not constricted (slightly so in L. benthamii).
Claws of petals exserted beyond calyx tube (except in variety of L.
leucopliyllus) ; floAvers in pedunculate or sessile umbels and more
than 5 mm. long.

Umbels sessile or short-peduncled, ebracteate; calyx teeth erect.

Umbels 1 to 4-flowered; legumes straight or falcate; herbage
appressed silky-canescent 21. L. leucophyUus.

Umbels many to few-flowered; legumes falcate; pubescence (e.xeept
in var. veatchii) scanty, appressed, confined to young herbage
and calyces and occasionally to legumes 22. L. scoparius.

Umbels peduncled; bract, when present, of 1 or 2 leaflets; legumes
falcate.

Calyx teeth subulate, often recurved 23. L. benthamii.

Calyx teeth short subulate-triangular.. ..22. L. scoparius var. traskiae.

Claws of petals not exserted beyond calyx tube; flowers mostly solitary
and not over G mm. long 24. L. haydonii.

1923] Ottleij: A Revision of the Calif oniian Species of Lotus 199

Legumes 1 or 2-seeded, arcuate, often short and fat.

Calyx teeth short-triangular; keel equal in length to the wings or longer;
herbage glabrous or with appressed pubescence 25. L. junceus.

Calyx teeth linear or subulate; keel equal in length to the wings or
shorter; herbage pubescent.

Pubescence somewhat woolly, hairs of young stems loose and spread-
ing making with the stem, at point of insertion, a right or
an obtuse angle; legume abruptly beaked, not keeled or only
slightly so 26. L. eriophorus.

Pubescence mostly appressed, hairs of young stems always joining
the stem at less than a right angle; legume attenuately beaked,
mostly clearly keeled.

Banner blade oblong to short-oblong, making an acute angle with
the wings.

Pubescence not silky, hairs on leaves and calyces somewhat
arched .". 27. L. douglasii.

Pubescence usually silky, hairs on leaves and calyces soft,
straight, mostly long 28. L. argophyllus.

Banner blade short-obovate, either reflexed, or erect and making a
right angle with the wings 29. L. davidsonii.

1. L. incanus Greene (pi. 61). Densely gray -woolly somewhat
silky perennials, erect, 1.5 to 3 dm. tall ; leaves 2 to 8 em. long ; leaflets
5 to 15, commonly 7 or 9 ; stipules ovate, scarioiis or membranous ;
umbels few to many-flowered, on peduncles slightly shorter than the
leaves; bract typically stipulate, pinnately compound, closely asso-
ciated with the umbel or removed from it; pedicels more than 1 mm.
long; flowers 1.2 to 1.5 cm. long; calyx teeth linear-subulate, hairy,
less than one-half the length of the oblong-campanulate tube ; claws
of the petals long and exserted beyond the calyx tube; banner claw
removed from the other claws; wings longer than the short obtuse
keel ; legumes reddish or dark j-ellowish brown, with glabrous surface
finely reticulated, 1.5 to 4 cm. long by 3 to 7 mm. wide ; seeds several,
suboval, smooth, mottled with olive and black, 3 mm. or less long.

Open places in pine woods of Butte, Placer, and Nevada counties.
Of limited occurrence in Upper Sonoran and Transition. Distribu-
tion Map 1. May- July.

Localities. — Near Stirling, Butte County, Heller 10797 ; Stirling
City ; HaU, May 27, 1913 ; Alta, Placer County, K. Brandegee, July 6,
1889; Alta, Kellogg 37; Cape Horn, Placer County, K. Brandegee;
Blue Caiion, Placer County, Walker 1278 ; near Gold Run, Placer
County, Sonne, June 5, 1891.

References.— LoTVS incanus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 147.
Hosackia incana Torr., Pac. R.R. Rep., a'oI. 4, part 5, 1857, p. 79, pi. 4;
tj'pe loc, dry hillsides near South Yuba, Bigelow.

2. L. stipularis Greene (pi. 62 and pi. 63, fig. 1). Taller than L.
incanus Greene, its villous pubescence less dense and not at all silky,
the hairs long and somewhat wavy ; largest leaves 10 to 13 cm. long ;
leaflets 11 to 15 (19) in number, oval or almost oblong, often with
first pair at the base of the leaf and more or less covering the stipules ;

200 Universitij of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

stipules auricled or not, broadly ovate to lanceolate, foliaeeous or
membranous ; umbels 4 to 8-flowered ; bract as for L. incanus Greene ;
flowers 1 to 1.2 cm. long on pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long, differing from
those of the species mentioned above only in having short-triangular
or subulate calyx teeth 1 (2) mm. or less long; corolla white veined
with rose ; legumes not more than 3 cm. long and between 2 and 3 mm.
wide ; seeds as for the preceding species.

Tn the form represented by Kellogg 's Hosackia halsamifera, viscid-
glandular hairs which exude a yellow resinous substance are scattered
over herbage and fruit, and the entire plant is said to be remarkably
fragrant.

Hillsides and mountain slopes of the Coast Ranges from Monterey
County to Mendocino County, thence eastward through Shasta and
Butte counties to Amador County, and south into Mariposa and Tulare
counties. Less frequent in the Sierra Nevada than in the Coast
Ranges. Distribution Map 1. April-July.

Localities. — Pacific Grove, Elmer 4599 ; Big Basin, Santa Cruz
County, Eastwood in 1916; Loma Prieta, Price, June 17, 1890; Loma
Prieta, Elmer 4449 ; Kings Mountain, San Mateo County, C. Baker
805; Kings Mountain, Ahrams 2460; Redwood Peak, Ottley 1245
(slightly glandular) ; Redwood Peak, Oakland, Drew, July 1, 1889,
"pubescence the same as in the type of Hosackia stipularis Benth.
The specimen does not differ from the type essentially, save in its
stipules which are too small and scarcely auricled enough." Jepson
'06, Kew Herb. ; type of Hosackia halsamifera Kellogg, no locality
given (Calif. Acad. Sci. Herb.) ; San Rafael, Marin County, Rattan;
Lagunitas, Eastwood 63; Hood's Peak, Sonoma County, Bioletti,
June 7, 1893 (glandular) ; Cobb Mountain, Lake County, LeightJiold,
July, 1893 (glandular) ; Ukiah, Blasdale 1005 ; Mendocino. Kellogg 40
(glandular) ; Squaw Creek Ranger Station, Shasta County, Drew in
1916 (glandular) ; De Sabla, Butte County, Edwards in 1917 (glandu-
lar) ; lone, Amador County, K. Brandegee; Green Gulch, Mariposa
County, Congdon, April, 1893 (form with narrow leaflets) ; Agua
Fria, Mariposa County, Congdon, April 17 and May 27, 1894; 46
Maple Canon, Colony Road, Kaweah River basin. Hopping, May 27,
1901 ; Cedar Creek, Sequoia Park, Jepson 596 (pods narrow, glandu-
lar) ; Watson Spring, Sequoia Park, Jepson 584 (glandular).

Var. subglaber Ottley n. nom. (pi. 63, figs. 2-8). Prostrate to
erect ; nearly glabrous ; underside of leaflets glaucous, with scattered
hairs usually shorter than for the species; pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long;
calyx turbinate, with ciliolate triangular teeth; corolla white deeply
suffused with rose; legumes 1.5 to 4 cm. long, 3 to 4.5 mm. wide.

Borders of woods of the plains, hills, or mountains of Sonoma,
Mendocino, Humboldt, and Del Norte counties, from sea level into the
Transition. Extends north into Washington. Distribution Map 1.
April-July. Undoubtedly the type plant described by Eastwood as
Hosackia rosea is a small low much branched form of this variety.
Other plants labelled "Hosackia rosea" by Eastwood (Eastwood 105
and 1686) are larger than the type and resemble some of the Tracy
sheets cited below which represent the natural type more nearly than
does the artificial type, i.e., the Eastwood original specimen.

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 201

Localities. — Near Adams Station, Del Norte County, Eastwood
105 ; near Little Bear Harbor, Bolander 6510 ; Redwood Creek,
Humboldt County, Jepson 1944; Bald Mountain, 4000 ft. alt.,
Tracy 4599, 4576 ; Bald Mountain, Davy and Blasdale 5618 ; Areata,
Chesniit and Drew, July 8, 1888; Eureka, Humboldt County,
Blasdale, May 31, 1896 ; immediate vicinity of Eureka, Tracy 1078,
2389, 2390, 2462 ; near Kneeland Prairie, Rattan, June, 1883 ; Knee-
land Prairie, Tracy 2485, 3073 ; Fort Bragg to Glen Blair, Mendocino
County, Eastwood in 1894 (type of Hosackia rosea Eastw.) ; Fort
Bragg to Glen Blair, Eastwood 1686; Fort Bragg to Glen Blair,
Ottley 1501 (erect), 1512 (prostrate to ascending, noticeably pubes-
cent) ; Fort Bragg, W. C. Mathews 50; plains of Mendocino, State
Survey 4717, 4789 ; Gualala, Sonoma County, Michener and Bioletti,
July 6, 1892 (difficult to tell whether this plant is L. stipidaris
Greene or the variety suhglaber) ; Forest Hill, Bolander 4617.
Oregon : Mt. Emily, Jepson, 9375. Washington : Mason County,
Piper 1044.

References. — Lotus stipularis Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 147.
Hosackia stipularis Benth., Trans. Linn Soc, vol. 17, 1837, p. 365,
type from California, Douglas. Hosackia macrophylla Kellogg, Proc.
Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1861, p. 123. H. balsamifera Kellogg, loc. cit.,
p. 125, fig. 40; type loc, summits back of Oakland according to
Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif., ed. 1, 1901, p. 300. Lotus halsamiferus
Greene, Man. Bay Reg., 1894, p. 93, "Hood's Peak, Sonoma County,
Bioletti. Doubtless a rediscovery of Dr. Kellogg 's Hosackia balsami-
fera." Var. SUBGLABER Ottley. Hosackia rosea Eastw., Proc. Calif.
Acad,, ser. 2, vol. 6, 1896, p. 424, pi. 55 ; type loc, along road to Glen
Blair near Fort Bragg.

3. L. crassifolius Greene (pis. 64 and 65). Tall erect perennials
(sometimes attaining a height of 12 dm.) ; bright green, glabrate, the
young herbage with densely matted short arched hairs; stem broad
and fistulose; leaves long; leaflets 7 to 15 (rarely all opposite), oval,
rhombic, or obovate; stipules scarious, narrowly or broadly ovate;
umbels many-flowered, peduncles shorter than the leaves ; bract as for
L. stipularis Greene ; pedicels varying in length from more than 1 mm.
to almost 1 cm. ; flowers 1 to 1.5 cm. long ; calyx teeth usually very
short and subulate-triangular, although occasionally as long as in
Tj. stipidaris; corolla greenish yellow marked with dark red; legumes
3.5 cm. to 7 cm. long by 3 mm. or more wide — larger than for any
other species of the Calif ornian Loti.

Foothills and mountains from San Jacinto Mountains north to the
Columbia River. Frequent, often forming a thick rank growth in
the Upper Sonoran and Transition, extending in its southern range
to an altitude of 8000 feet. Distribution Map 1. May-July.

Localities. — Sisson, Jepson, July-August, 1894; Quartz Valley,
Siskiyou County, Butler 1452; between Shasta Retreat and Shasta
Springs, Heller 7972 ; Gasguets to Waldo, Del Norte County, Dudley
in 1899; Klamath River, Humboldt County, Chandler 1470; Potter
Valley, Mendocino County, Purpus, April, 1898; near Newville-
Covelo road, Glenn County, Heller 31995 (calyx teeth long, subulate) ;
divide between Lakeport and Hopedale, Lake County, C. Baker 3001 ;

202 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

Butts Canon, Lake County, K. Brandegee; foothills south of Mt.
Sanhedrin, Lake County, Heller 5857, 5933 ; Kelseyville to Clover-
dale, T. S. Brandegee, July, 1885 ; Collins Camp, Vaca Mountains,
Jepson, August 17, 1892; Mt. Diablo, Bioletti, May 13, 1894; above
Alma Soda Springs near "French Settlement," Santa Clara County,
Heller 7489 ; Black Mountain, Santa Clara County, Elmer 4695 ; Mt.
Hamilton, Pendleton 881 ; near Big Spring, Santa Lucia Mountains,
Hall 10008 ; divide between Fish and Monrovia caiions, San Gabriel
Mountains, Ottley 622; Mt. Baldy, 7000 ft. alt., San Antonio
Mountains, Johnston 1495 ; Palomar, Jepson 1490 ; Palomar, T. S.
Brandegee, August 1, 1898 ; San Jacinto Mountains, Anthony, July
13, 1895 ; Santa Ana Canon, San Bernardino Mountains, R. Smith
15B ; San Bernardino Mountains, Parish, June, 1892 ; Bear Valley,
San Bernardino Mountains, Parish Bros. 399 ; Tehachapi Mountains,
Hasse and Davidson 1683 ; South Fork, Kaweah River, Tulare County,
Culhertson 4293 ; 48 Maple Canon, Colony Road, Kaweah River basin,
Hopping, May 27, 1901 ; Giant Forest (6500 ft. alt.), Jepson, June 24-
July 2, 1900 ; Old Colofty Mill, Sequoia Park, Jepson, 627 ; Old Colony
Mill, K. Brandegee, July 26, 1905; south of Pinehurst, Ottley 1373;
Bubbs Creek, Ottley 1472 ; Pine Ridge, Fresno County, Hall and
Chandler 163; Crocker's, Yosemite National Park, Eastwood 30;
Rosasco's Meadow, Tuolumne County, Chcsnut and Brew, June 24,
1889 ; Hetch-Hetchy, Jepson 3421 ; lower end of Donner Lake, Heller
7150 (one fruit in an umbel) ; Placer County, Carpenter, August-
October, 1892 ; Humboldt road north of Chico, Butte Countv, Austin
390 ; Mill Creek, Plumas County, Austin, July, 1876 ; Susanville, T. 8.
Brandegee, July 1, 1892 ; Modoc County, M. S. Baker, July 19, 1893 ;
timbered hills, McCloud River, Siskiyou County, M. S. Baker, August
18, 1893; Goose Valley, Shasta County, Eastwood 823 (slightly
pubescent, some of the calyx teeth long). Oregon: prairies, Hood
River, Henderson, July 15, 1896 (in part).

References.- — -Lotus crassifolius Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 147.
Hosackia crassifolia Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 17, 1837, p. 365,
type from California, Douglas. H. stolonifera Lindl., Bot. Reg., vol.
23, 1837, t. 1977, type from California, Douglas. H. stolonifera Lindl.
var. pnhescens Torr. in Pac. R.R. Rep., vol. 4, part 5. 1857, p. 79, type
loc, Corte Madera, Bigeloiv. H. platycarpa Nutt. in T. & G. FL, vol. 1,
1838, p. 323.

4. L. pinnatus Hook. (pi. 66, figs. 1-6). Essentially glabrous
plants, 2 to 4 dm. tall, with stems ascending from a thickened per-
ennial root ; stems with little woody tissue and delicate, indicative of
the damp habitat; leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, shorter than the peduncles;
leaflets 5 to 9, oval or obovate, obtuse or acute, somewhat mucronulate;
stipules narrowlj^ ovate, 3 to 5 ram. long ; umbels 3 to 7-flowered,
mostly bractless, with only the involucre of scarious bractlets ; flowers
1.2 to 1.5 cm. long, slightly reflexed, on pedicels less than 1.5 mm. long ;
calyx tube 6 to 7 mm. long, the conic liypanthium darker than the thin
transparent cylindrical calyx tube, calyx bilabiate, the two uj^per teeth
short-triangular, the other three long-subulate ; banner and keel yelloAV,
wings white with no trace of purple (according to all descriptions) ;
claAvs of petals long-exserted as in the three preceding species, banner

1923] Ottley: A Revision of ike Calif ornian Species of Lotus 203

more reflexed, wings obovate, keel beaked and subacute ; legumes 4 to
6 cm. long and 1.5 mm. wide; seeds many, oblong (according to
Howell, Flora of Northwest America, 1903, p. 140).

Of only occasional occurrence along streams or in springy places,
in Trinity and Shasta counties and in the northern Sierra Nevada
from Plumas County to Calaveras County. More abundant north of
the state. According to W. J. Hooker, Douglas found this plant
growing abundantly in low alluvial overflowed soils between Fort
Vancouver and Grand Rapids upon the Columbia, and also near the
base of Mt. St. Helen's. Distribution Map 2. April-July.

Localities. — Washington : Yakima region, T. S. Brandegee 33 ;
Tacoma, Fleet, June 7, 1894. Idaho : CottouAvood, Idaho County,
Henderson, June 27, 1894; Palouse country and about Lake Couer
d'Alene, Ait 071 in 1892; Latah County, Sandherg, 402 (foliaceous
bract present in some of the umbels) ; Kootenai County, Leiherg 615,
''corresponds well with type of Lotus pinnatus Hook.," Jepson '06,
Kew Herb. California : Indian Valley, Plumas County, Austin in
1876; five miles northwest of Greenville, Stephens, April 29, 1894;
Quincy, Plumas County, Jepson 4141; Donner Lake, Sonne, July,
1888, in part (U.C. Herb.) ; Emigrant Gap, Placer County, Jones
3282; Placer County, Hardy in 1893, in part (U.C. Herb.), resembles
L. formosissimus Greene in general aspect but does not have a
bracteate inflorescence ; El Dorado County, Gross in 1903 (umbels
ebracteate or with a bract of 3 leaflets) ; Poole's Meadow, CalaA'eras
County, Davy 1435 ; De Sabla, Butte County, Edwards in 1917 ; near
Redding, Heller 7905 ; Squaw Creek Ranger Station, Shasta County,
Drew in 1916; Montgomery Creek, Shasta County, Eastwood 645;
northeast of Weaverville, Trinity County, Yates 344 (bract of 1 small
leaflet in some of the umbels) ; foot of Mt. Sanhedrin, Lake County,
Reynolds, June, 1917.

References. — Lotus pinnatus Hook., Bot Mag., vol. 56, 1829, t.
2913, type from northwestern North America, Douglas. Hosackia
hicolor'Dougl., Bentham in Lindl. Bot. Reg., vol, 15, 1829, t. 1257,
type from northwestern North America, Douglas. Lotus hicolor Frye
& Rigg, Fl. Northwest, 1912, p. 234; Frye & Rigg, Elem. Fl. North-
west, 1914, p. 140.

5. L. formosissimus Greene (pi. 66, figs. 7-13). In general aspect
resembling a small decumbent form of L. pinnatus Hook., but differ-
ing from it in having a bract of 1 to 3 (to 7) leaflets; leaflets of lower
leaves obovate, obtuse ; stipules ovate, sometimes attaining 1.5 cm. in
length ; no marked contrast between hypanthium and calyx tube ;
calyx but slightly bilabiate, the two dorsal teeth more than one-half
the length of the other three ; wings of corolla spreading, faint lilac
or rose becoming darker upon drying; tip of keel purple; seeds small,
varying from oblong to asymmetrically oval.

Moist situations in the coastal counties, extending nortli from
Monterey and San Benito counties into Oregon and Washington.
Sonoran. Distribution Map 2. March-JunCi

Ijocalities. — San Benito County, Eastwood in 1915 ; Carmel, Ott^e]/
1310; Pacific Grove, Elmer 3548; Pacific Grove, Heller 6669; Pesca-
dero Ranch, Monterey County, Brewer 655; Pescadero, Hutchings,

204 University of California Publications in Botany ["^ol. 10

April 4, 1895; Moss Beach at Halfmoon Bay, K. Brandegee, June,
1905 ; Crystal Springs Lake, San Mateo County, C. Baker 689 ; Lake
San Andreas, San Mateo County, Davy 1030 ; San Bruno Hills, Ottley
267; Corte Madera, Greene, April 16, 1882; Olema, Marin County,
Blasdale, April 13, 1895; Marin County, Michener and BioJetti 66a ;
Bodega Bay, Chandler 674; near Windsor, Sonoma County, Heller and
Brown 5332 ; Valley Ford, Sonoma County, Lohenstein in 1906 ; Ken-
wood, Sonoma County, Michener and Bioletti, June, 1893 ; Lower
Lake, Anderson Ranch, Lake County, Bowman in 1901 ; Mendocino
County, Bolander 4725 ; near Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Davy
6559, "a very good match for type of Hosackia gracilis Benth., col-
lected by Douglas, doubtless at Monterey, differing only in the smaller
stipules, t^'pe stipules 4 to 7 mm. long." Jepson '06, Kew Herb.;
Humboldt Bay, Chandler 1200; Kneeland Prairie, Humboldt County,
Chesnut and Drew, July 8, 1888 ; near Campbell, Humboldt County,
Chesnut and Dreiv, July 8, 1888; Eureka to Areata, Jepson 1922;
Requa, Del Norte County, Davy and Blasdale 5903 ; Lake Earle, Del
Norte County, Davy, June, 1902. Washington : near Montesano,
Chehalis Count}^ Heller and Heller, 3934. Oregon : Curry County,
Thompson 204.

References. — Lotus formosissimus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p.
147, Hosackia gracilis Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 17, 1837, p. 365,
type from California, Douglas.

6, L. oblongifolius Greene. Stems bright green, 1.5 to 3 dm. high,
arising from a slender rootstock ; herbage appressed-pubescent ; leaflets
linear-lanceolate or elliptical, acute at both ends ; umbels 1 to 5-
flowered, borne on peduncles exceeding the leaves ; bract of 1 to 3
leaflets; flowers 8 mm. to 1.5 cm. long; calyx tube short-turbinate,
somewhat villous ; banner yellow more or less veined with purple ;
claws of petals scarcely exserted beyond calyx tube, the broad obtuse
blade of keel longer than the claws.

Common in damp or wet situations in the foothills and mountains
of southern California, passing into the variety torreyi in the southern
Sierra Nevada. Distribution Map 2. May-October. The plants with
the narrowest leaflets and the fewest flowered umbels are evidently
the same as Hosackia lathyroides Dur. and Hilg. They doubtless
represent only the first season's growth and have not yet developed a
perennial rootstock, as for example, Abrams' 1879 from the San
Gabriel River and Vought's specimen from the head of San Joaquin
Valley. Elmer's 3975 from Mt. Pinos possesses a very short rhizome,
otherwise closely resembling the collections cited above.

Localities. — Ojai and vicinity, Santa Clara Valley, Peckham, May
3, 1866; Oak Canon Spring, Tehachapi Mountains, Dudley 407; Kern-
ville, T. S. Brandegee, May 13, 1890; Witcher Cabin meadow, :\Iono
County, Kennedy, August, 1916; head of San Joaquin Valley, T ought,
May, 1896 (flowering the first season) ; near Manzana, Antelope Valley,
Davy 2457; Antelope Valley, Davidson, May, 1895; Middle Creek,
Mt. Pinos, Ventura County, Hall 6645; Mt. Pinos, Elmer 3975;
Arroyo Seco, Los Angeles County, Ottley 682 ; Arroyo Seco, Geo. B.
Grant 6293 ; near Los Angeles, Davidson, May, 1892 ; Los Angeles,
Davidson in 1891 (flowering the first season) ; Rivera, Los Angeles

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Californian Species of Lotus 205

County, Braunton 329; Claremont, Los Angeles County, C. Baker
5059; West Fork of San Gabriel River, Ahrams 1879 (no rootstock,
apparently flowering the first season) ; Swart out Caiion, San Antonio
Mountains, Hall 285 ; Lytle Creek Canon, Abrams 2628 ; San Ber-
nardino Valle}^, Parish 7151 ; Little Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Mountains, Wilder 347 ; Seven Oaks Camp, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Geo. B. Grant, June 11-14, 1901; Fish Creek, San Ber-
nardino Mountains, Grinnell 10; Santa Ana River, San Bernardino
County, Parish Bros., June, 1887; Victorville, Jepson 5606; Victor-
ville. Parish 10579 ; vicinity of Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Hall 2380; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, Jepson
2258a ; Los Coyotes, Hall 2832 ; Noble Ranch, between Pine Valley and
Laguna, San Diego County, Mearns 3969 ; Laguna Mountains, San
Diego County, T. S. Brandegee, June 20, 1904; Cuyamaca, T. S.
Brandegee, July 6, 1894; Aliso Canon, southern California, Barber
193 ; Palomar, T. S. Brandegee, August 1, 1898 ; San Diego, Palmer 61.

Var. torrejd Ottley n. comb. (pi. 67). Hirsute-pubescent becoming
glabrate; leaflets oblanceolate or obovate, usually obtuse, those of the
uppermost leaves often elliptical or oval and acute at both ends;
flowers 1 to 1.5 cm, long. Although of the same general appearance
as L. pinnatus Hook, easily distinguishable from that species by the
hirsute pubescence, the short-turbinate calyx tube, the petal claws
only obscurely exserted beyond the calyx tube, and the broad obtuse
keel.

Common in damp or wet situations of the north Coast Ranges and
in the Sierra Nevada from Modoc County south to Kern County.
Transition. Distribution Map 2. May-September.

Localities.— Iiov:ell Mountain, Jepson, June 26, 1893 ; near sum-
mit of Mt. Sanhedrin, Lake County, Heller 6002; Ten Mile River,
Mendocino County, Eastwood, June, 1894; coastal plain, Fort Bragg,
Ottley 1541; Big. Horse Mountain, South Fork, Eel River, Jepson,
July-August, 1892 ; Bald Mountain, Humboldt County, Tracy 4527 ;
Burr Vallev on northwest slope of Buck Mountain, Tracy 3902 ;
Coffee Creek, Salmon Mountains, Trinity County, Hall 8526; Swift
Creek, Salmon Mountains, Hall 8682 ; McCloud River, Shasta County,
Hall and Babcock 4120; Shasta Springs, Geo. B. Grant, September
15, 1902 ; Mt. Shasta, Geo. B. Grant 5236 ; West Fork, W^oolly Creek,
Siskiyou County, Butler 395 ; Etna Creek, Siskiyou County, Butler
397 ; Modoc County, M. S. Baker, in 1893 ; near Eagle Lake, Lassen
County, Baker and Nutting, July 21, 1894; near mouth of Little
Grizzly Creek below Genessee, Plumas County, Heller and Kennedy
8854 ; near Morgan, Tehama County, Hall and Babcock 4345 ; Brush
Creek, Butte County, Conger in 1907; near Chicago Park, Nevada
Countv, Hall 10211 ; Donner Lake, Sonne 62 ; lower end of Donner
Lake, ^Heller 6882 ; Blue Caiion, Placer County, Walker 1289 ; Bear
Valley, Placer County, Jepson, July, 1898; near Placerville, K.
Brandegee, May 25, 1907; Gilmores, Tallac, El Dorado County, C. J.
Fox, Jr., July, 1895; Fallen Leaf, El Dorado County, Ottfey 871,
1213; west of Woodfords, Alpine County, Ottley 1140; Panther
Creek, Amador County, Hansen 1082 ; Pine Grove, Amador County,
Hansen 348 ; Yosemite Valley and mountains, Torrey in 1865 ; Clarks
and in Yosemite Valley, Gray in 1872; Yosemite Valley, Bioletti in

206 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

1900; Yosemite Valley, Jcp.son 8185; Crocker's, Mariposa County. Bias-
dale, May 21, 1896, "sligliti}' less hairy than Cray's type of Hosackia
torreyi." Jepson' 06, Kew Herb. ; Pine Ridge, Fresno County, Hall and
Chandler 89, "slightly more hairy than the plant collected by Gray
between Clarks and Yosemite Valley and cited as one of his types of
Hosackia torreyi." Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; Bearskin Meadow. Otiley
1465; Round Meadow, Giant Forest, Jepson 676; North Fork, Kaweah
River, Dougherty ]\Ieadow, Dudley 1431 ; Marble Fork, Kaweah River,
Giant Forest, K. Brandegec, July 27, 1905 ; Three Rivers, Tulare
County, A'. Brandegee in 1905 ; 8outh Fork, Kaweah River, Tulare
County, Culbertson 4473 ; near Brown Meadow, southeastern Tulare
County, Hall and Babcock 5156; Bishop Creek, Inyo County, Shockley
415 ; Little Kern River, Jepson 4907. The following plants, though
lying within the range of the sjiecies, resemble the variety torreyi
more than they do the species: Swanton, Santa Cruz County, Rich
in 1912; Fall Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Crawford 907
(8000 ft. alt.). Lower California: Nachoguero Valley, Mearns 3879.

Var. cupreus Ottley n. comb. Low much-branched flaccid per-
ennials, with a closely branched woody underground stem ; essentially
glabrous ; leaflets oblaneeolate, jnucronate, those of the lower leaves
mostly cuneate-obovate ; umbels 1 to 3-flowered ; flowers 7 to 8 mm.
long.

Meadows of the southern Sierra Nevada at 8000 ft. altitude or
higher. Local. Distribution Map 2. June-August,

Localities. — North line of Sequoia Park, 8000 ft. alt., Jepson 738 ;
open pine woods near Sand IMeadow, Sequoia Park, Jepson 4672
(2 dm. high, a transition form between the species and the A'ariety) ;
in woods of Dougherty Meadow, North Fork, Kaweah River, Dudley
1427; meadow at head of Belknap Creek, Tulare Countv, Hall and
Hall 8867; Hockett ]\Ieadow, 8500 ft. alt., Tulare County. Hall and
Babcock 5588; Cahoon Meadow, Tulare County, 9000 ft. alt., Dudley
1811 (between the species and the variety) ; Oavcus Lake, Inyo County,
3600 ft. alt.. Hall and Chandler 7327 (approaches habit of the species;
leaflets linear-lanceolate).

Beferences.- — Lotus oblongifolifr Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890. p.
146. Hosackia oblongifolia Benth., PI. Hartw., 1848, p. 305, type loc,
"vicinity of ^Monterey," Coidter (locality doubtless erroneous). H.
lathy roides Dur. and Hilg., Jour. Acad. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 3, 1854,
p. 38, type loc. Fort Miller on the banks of the San Joaquin River,
Heermann. H. lathyroides Dur. and Hilg., Pac. R.R. Rep., vol. 5,
part 3, 1855, p. 6, pi. 3. Lotus lathyroides Greene, loc. cit. Hosackia
oblongifolia var. angiistifnlia Wats.. Bot. Calif., vol. 1, 1876, p. 135.
Var. TORREYI Ottley. Hosackia torreyi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., vol. 8,
1873, p. 625, type specimens from Clarks to Yosemite Valley. Lotus
torreyi Greene, loc cit. Hosackia torreyi var. nevadensis Gray. loc.
cit., type loc. near Donner Lake, Torrey. Var. cupreus Ottley. Lotus
cupreus Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs., vol. 1, 1904, p. 74, type loc,
Hockett 's IMeadows, at 8600 feet altitude, Baker. Hosackia cuprea
Smiley, Lniv. Calif., Publ. Bot., vol. 9, 1921, p. 257.

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 207

7. L. grandiflorus Greene (pi. 68, figr. 1). Erect perennials, 4 to
7 dm. high, A\oody at base ; leaves and young steins slightlj' puber-
alent, calyces more obviously so : leaves 3 to 9 era. long ; leaflets 7 to 9,
obovate, obtuse, mucronate, the largest 4 cm. long hy 1.8 cm. wide;
stipules gland-like ; umbels mostly few-flowered ; peduncles exceeding
the leaves: bract large, of 1 (to 3) leaflets; flowers a clear lemon-
yellow, turning a deep rose with age, 1.7 to 2 cm. long, the calyx not
quite half as long ; calyx teeth varying from long-subulate with a broad
base to nearly linear, half to nearly as long as tube, with soft short
white hairs at the sinuses between the teeth ; banner obovate-oblong,
Avith blade rolling back, attenuate into the claw ; wings much longer
than the keel, more or less canoe-shaped, turned somewhat obliquely,
one standing under, the other inverted over the keel; legumes linear,
many-seeded.

Dry slopes in the Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada from
Shasta County to Mariposa County. ]\Iarch-July. The plants of the
Sierra Nevada represent an extreme form which was named Hosackia
macro nth a by Greene. In this large form the leaves, peduncles, flowers,
and fruit (legumes 2 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide) always approach
the upper limit in size. The triangular base of the long-subulate calyx
teeth is more pronounced and the soft hairs at the sinuses between the
calyx teeth are more abundant than in the plants of the Coast Ranges.
The typical form occurs in the Coast Ranges but is not so abundant
there as is the variety miitahilis. Distribution Map 3. L. grandiflorus
Greene with L. rigidus Greene. L. wrightii Greene, L. argyraeus
Greene, L. strigosus Greene, and L. tomenteUus Greene form a group
of species characterized by a corolla-form (see description above)
unlike that of anv other species of Loti found in California. Plates
68, 69, 70, 71.

Localities. — Santa Ynez Mountains, Santa Barbara. Elmer 3918
(Jepson "06, Kew Herb., saj-s of a duplicate, "A most excellent match
for the type of Hosackia grandiflora Benth.") ; Montgomery Creek,
Shasta (^ountv, Eastwood in 1912; Brush Creek, Butte Countv,
Conger in 1907 ; western Nevada County, Essig and Hall 10169 ;
Magra Station, Placer County, K. Brandegee, June 5, 1908 ; Sweet-
water Creek, El Dorado County, Curran in 1883 (type of Hosackia
macrantha Greene) ; Agua Fria. Mariposa County, Congdon, May,
1884; Mariposa, Congdon, May 27, 1893. The plants cited below
combine characters of the species and of the variety mutahilis. These
plants are in general more robust than the variety but more pubescent
than the species. Ridge above Collin's Camp, Vaca Mountains,
Solano County, Jepson, June 12, 1893; Painted Cave Ranch, Santa
Barbara, Eastwood 34; mountains near Santa Barbara, State Survey
291, March, 1861 ; Santa Monica Canon, Los Angeles County, Earlier
107, 107a, the latter specimen, according to Jepson '06, Kew Herb.,
"is conspecific with the type of Hosackia grandi/lora var. anthylloides
Gray"; Mountain Home Canon, San Bernardino ^Mountains, HaU
7503; Glen Martain, San Bernardino Mountains, Smith 12; Mohave
River district. Palmer 82; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains,
Jepson 1286; San Jacinto, Gregory in 1892.

208 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

Var. mutabilis Ottley n. nom. fpl. 68, figs. 2-6 and pi. 69, fifj. 1).
Shorter than the species, less than 8 dm. in height, with many aerial
stems arising from a freely branching slender rootstock which ramifies
in all directions ; herbage velvety-pubescent, stems occasionally appear-
ing frosted ; leaves usually under 4 cm. in length ; peduncles shorter
or slightly longer than the leaves; flowers 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long; calyx
villous; calyx teeth variable, long-subulate with broad base, or short
subulate-triangular to linear, equal in length to the tube or slightly
shorter ; legumes 2 to 3.5 cm. long. Fairly common in the Coast
Ranges, also present in the Sierra Nevada within Calaveras County,
April-June.

Localities. — Mendocino County, Bolander 4752, May 10, 1866;
near Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Davy 6561 ; Mendocino Plains,
McMurphy 139; Hough's Springs, Lake County, Cleveland 42; Vaca
Mountains back of Miller Canon, Jepson, May 23, 1897; ridge above
Collin's Camp, Vaca Mountains, Jepson, August, 1892; summit of
Yolo Mountains, C. Baker 2993; Mt. Tamalpais, T. S. Brandegee,
June 13, 1892 ; Carmelo Valley, Brewer 675 ; Valley of Arroyo Seco,
Monterey County, Brewer 677 (U.C. Herb.) "Brewer's 677 is nearer
Gray's type of HosacMa grandiflora var. anthylloides than anything
here in the Kew Herb." Jepson '06, Kew Herb. ; Big Cholame Valley
on clay banks, Monterey County, Hall 10023 (leaves more than 4 cm
long) ; Santa Cruz Island, T. S. Brandegee, April, 1888; Paso Robles
San Luis Obispo County, Barber, April 23, 1899 ; Santa Clara Valley
Peckham, May, 1866; vicinity of Elizabeth Lake, Hall 3085; trail to
Luken Peak, San Gabriel Mountains, Ottley 683 ; Lancaster, K
Brandegee, May, 1889 ; San Diego County, Alderson 1893 ; Cuyamaca
T. 8. Brandegee, June 3, 1896, and June 3, 1906 ; San Jacinto Moun
tain, San Diego County, Parish Bros. 475; Cajon Pass. Hall 6224
Manzana, Calaveras County, Sprague 2456. The following (L. con-
finis Greene) are forms with flowers 1.8 to 2.2 cm. long, deep red even
in bud (according to Greene) ; calyx teeth subulate; half the length
of the tube : Witch Creek, Alderson, November, 1893 ; grade near
Descanso, San Diego County, T. 8. Brandegee, May 24, 1906.

References. — Lotus gr.vndiflorus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p.
145 (not of Form.). Hosackia grandiflora Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc,
vol. 17, 1837, p. 366, type from California. Douglas. Anisolotus
grandiflorus Heller. Muhl., vol. 8, 1912, p. 20. Hosackia macrantha
Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., vol, 1, 1885, p. 81, type loc, Sweetwater
Creek, El Dorado County, Curran. Lotus macranthus Greene, loc.
cit., p, 146. Anisolotus macranthus Heller, Muhl., vol. 8, 1912, p, 48.
Hosackia ochroleuca Nutt. in T. and G. Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 323, type
loc. near Santa Barbara. Lotus guadahipensis Greene, loc. cit., p. 144,
type loc, Guadalupe Island. Hosackia? occulta Greene, Bull. Calif,
Acad., vol. 2, 1887, p. 394, type loc, Santa Cruz Island, "probably
Hosackia grandiflora Benth.," T. 8. Brandegee, Zoe, vol. 1, 1890, p.
134. Var, mutabilis Ottley, Hosackia grandiflora var, -^anthylloides
Gray, Proc Acad. Phila., vol. 15, 1863, p, 350, type loc, Santa Lucia
Mountains, Brewer. Lotus leucophaeus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890,
p. 145. Anisolotus leucophaeus Heller, Muhl., vol. 8, 1912, p. 48.
Lotus confinis Greene, Erythea, vol. 1, 1893, p. 258, type loc. in the
mountains of San Diego County, near the boundary between the
United States and Mexico, Alderson.

1923] Ottleij: A Bevision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 209

8. L. rigidus Greene (pi, 69, figs. 2-8). Erect from a woody, per-
ennial taproot ; branches long, coarse, and stiff, with long internodes
and few small leaves; pubescence scanty, of short, white, appressed
hairs, the old stem and leaves becoming glabrate, the calyces with less
appressed and more abundant pubescence ; stipules gland-like ; leaflets
3 to 5 (when 5, leaves clearly pinnate), linear-oblong, obtuse at apex,
often cuneate at base, variable in length; umbels 2 to 3-flowered;
peduncles long, sometimes as much as 12 cm. ; bract when present
commonly of one small leaflet ; flowers 1.3 to 2.5 cm. long, in general
appearance like those of L. grand iflorus Greene ; calyx nearly one-half
as long as corolla, with its broad subulate teeth one-fourth to one-half
the length of the tube or rarely almost equaling it in length; pods
glabrate, shiny, straw-color, terete, 2 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide,
abruptly short beaked, the beak of same color as the pod ; seeds many,
globose, finely granulose.

Reaches its highest development in the desert regions of south-
eastern California, whence it extends east into Arizona and Utah and
southwest into Lower California. In the latter region the plants
often have reddish brown, pubescent pods which are less than 3 mm.
in width. Distribution Map 3. March-June.

Localities. — Shepherd Canon, Argus Mountains, Inyo County,
CoviUe and Funston (U.C. Herb.), duplicate of type of Lotus argensis
Coville ; Shepherd Caiion, Argus Mountains, HaU and Chandler 7064 ;
rocky slopes, Argus Mountains, Purpiis 5434, 5737 ; Pleasant Caiion,
Panamint Mountains, Inyo County, Hall and Chandler 6944; New
York Mountains, eastern San Bernardino County, Parish 10304;
Providence Mountains, T. S. Brandegee, May 25, 1902; Cottonwood
Mountain, Colorado Desert, Schellenger 60 ; eastern base of San
Jacinto Mountains, border of Colorado Desert, Hall 1844, 2124,
"good match for type of HosacTxia rigida Benth., but leaflets some-
what broader in the type. ' ' Jepson '06, Kew Herb. ; border of Colorado
Desert at Agua Caliente, San Diego County, Parish Bros. 14 ; Coyote
Canon, Hall 2841 ; Palm Canon, Jepson 1382 ; Palm Springs, Parish
6147 ; near Toro Mountain, eastern slope, San Jacinto Reserve, Leiherg
3177; San Felipe, T. 8. Brandegee, April 16, 1895, and April 6, 1901 ;
Lower San Felipe Valley, Jepson 8723 ; Vallecito, San Diego County,
Jepson 8586 ; Box Canon, eastern San Diego County, Jepson 8657.
Lower California: Valledros Creek, T. 8. Brayidegee, May 29, 1893.
Arizona : High mountains, I^owell, W. F. Parish 38 ; Valley of the
Colorado, Palmer 75 ; Sabina Caiion, Tourney 583, 585 ; Sabina Canon,
Zuck, April 4, 1896; Pagumpa, Jones 5095f; Verde River, 8mart 155
in part (U.S. Nat. Herb.) ; Gila Caiion, Mohr 263; Kingman, Wooton,
March 11, 1912.

References. — Lotus rigidtts Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 142.
Hosackia rigida Benth., PI. Hartw., 1848, p. 305, according to Greene,
loc. cit., "founded on a specimen of Coulter said to have come from
Monterey ; but the only plants answering well to the description are
from the extreme south of the state and the peninsula beyond."
Anisolotus rigidus Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club, vol. 33, 1906, p. 144.
Lotus argensis Coville in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., vol. 4, 1893 (p. 83,
type loc. Shepherd Caiion, Argus Mountains, Inyo County, Coville

210 University of Califoriiia Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

and Funston 736. Jopson ('06, Kew Herb.) says of a duplicate of
Coville's type of L. aryensis, "the same as Ilosackia riyida Benth."
Anisolotus aryensis Heller, Muhl., vol. 9, VM'.], p. 67.

9. L, wrightii Greene (pi. 70, figs. 1-6). Erect, well ))ranclied
perennials, less coarse than L. riyidus Greene, with shorter internodes,
more abundant leaves and with flowers distributed for a considerable
distance along the stem; leaves sliort-petioled and subpalnirite, even
when consisting of more than 3 leaflets; leaflets of the uppermost
leaves filiform-linear, those of the lower ones oblanceolate, acute;
flowers 1 or 2 in the axils of the leaves, upper ones with peduncles
short or absent, lower ones often with elongated peduncles ; bract absent
or of one linear leaflet ; flower 1 cm. or more in length ; calyx teeth
subulate-setaceous, approaching the length of the tube, entire calyx
silky -pubescent ; pubescence of herbage less silky ; pods reddish brown,
silky-pubescent, 1.75 era. to 3 cm. long, 1.5 mm. to 3.5 mm. wide, the
sutures and very short beak yellowish ; seeds globose, smooth.

Appearing in the Transition in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado,
and ITtah. Considerable variation occurs in leaves and in length of
peduncles. Most of the plants from Utah, which were studied, have
broader leaflets and longer peduncles with 3 to 5 flowers. May-
September.

Localities. — New Mexico: Stony hills at the copper mines, Wriyht
1000; Rio Navajo, Neu-berry, July 26, 1859; in the Valley of the Rio
Grande, below Donana, Parry, Biyelow, Wriyht, and Schott, one of the
three plants (U.S. Nat. Herb. 23S70) ; Mangas Springs, Metcalfe,
August, 1901; Balsam Park, Sandia Mountains, Ellis 106; vicinity of
Brazos Caiion, Sfaiidleii and Bollman 10679; vicinitv of Chama.
Standley 6568; Wheeler's Ranch, Wooton, July 11, 1906; dry hills,
Jicarilla Apache Reservation, near Dulce, iStandley 8091 ; Fort
Bayard, A. Mulford 421 ; Luna, ^yooton, July 28, 1900 ; mountains
southeast of Patterson, Wootoyi, August 16, 1900; Burro Mountains,
Blumer 1833; northwest peak of Burro Mountains, Wooton, August
18, 1902; near Alma, Wooton, July 24, 1900; West Fork of the Gila,
Mogollon Mountains, Wooton, August 6, 1900; Fort Wingate, JRotJi-
7 0ck 152 in 1874; Mimbres River, Grant County, Metcalfe 1043;
Hanover Mountain, Holzinger, July 29, 1911. Colorado: Rockwood,
Tweedy 461 ; ten miles east of Bayfield. Wooton 2625 ; Arboles,
Baker 430; southwestern Colorado, T. S. Brandeyee 1055 (l".C.
Herb.) ; Dolores, Crandall, June 17, 1892 (leaflets tend to be broader
than is typical). Utah: Juniper Mountains, Purpus 6243; Utah,
Ward in 1875; Salina Canon, Jones 5412c ; southern Utah, Palmer in
1877; Summit, southern X'tah, Jones, June 21, 1890; on the divide
between Brine Creek and Grass Valley, Ward 316; Utah, Bishop 145;
Burrville Sink, Jones 5638c ; Panguitch Lake, Jones 6015m ; Sju-ing-
dale, Jones 5249f; Jugtown, Jones 5399; Marysvale, Jones 5375k,
5355g, 5338j ; along Sevier River, below Marysvale, Rydbery and
Carlton 6979; south end of Fish Lake, Rydbery and Carlton 7539;
mountains south of Glenwood, Ward 146. Arizona : Grand Canon,
Wooton, July 11, 1892; Grand Canon, Tourney 545c ; Grand Canon,
Hitchcock 5S; near Flagstaff, Pearson 23 ; Flagstaff, Rusby 1542 ; Flag-
staff, MacDougal 145; Flagstaff, Jones 3982; Prescott, Zuck, August

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 211

14, 1896; Prescott, Griffiths 4895; mountains near Williams, Tourney
545b ; Williams, Greene, July 5, 1889; Chiricahua ]\Iountains, Good-
ding 2334 (all of the peduncles elongated) ; dr}^ washes near Part-
ridge, San Francisco Mountains, Leiberg 5680 ; San Francisco Moun-
tain, Knowlton 8; about Mormon Lake, MacDougaJ 89; Rincon Moun-
tains, Neallij 236 (flowers all long peduncled) ; Rincon Mountains,
Nealhj, 235"; St. John's to White Mountains, Griffiths, 5202; Black
River, White Mountains, Goodding 695 ; head of AVhite River, White
Mountains, Goodding 662 ; Twelve-Mile Creek, White Mountain Indian
Reservation, CoviUe 1124; Bonita Creek, White Mountains, Goodding
1247 ; Bradshaw Mountains, Tourney 586 ; Willow Spring, Palmer 525 ;
Cave Creek Caiion, Lenimon and Lemmon, August, 1884.

It has been suggested that Hosackia wrightii Gray (Lotus wrightii
Greene) is too near H. puheruJa Benth. (L. j^uberulus Greene), to be
a distinct species; but if my assumption, that the specimens in the
Herbarium of the U.S. National Museum from Mexico cited below are
typical L. puherulus Greene, be correct, the two are clearly dis-
tinct. The leaves of L. puherulus Greene are not in the least sub-
palmate but are strictly pinnate with 4 to 8 (3) acute linear leaflets.
The majority of the plants in the U.S. National Herbarium, from
Arizona and New Mexico have subpalmate leaves and seem more
closely akin to L. wrightii Greene than to L. puherulus Greene. The
Mexican plants cited below are assumed to be typical of Hosackia
puherula Benth., since Bentliam's type of H. puheruJa came from
near Zacatecas. Mexico. The plants listed herewith are clearly L.
puherulus Greene not L. wrightii Greene. — Mexico: in the Sierra
Madre, State of Zacatecas, Rose 3756 ; near Plateado, Zacatecas,
Rose 2776; Ojo Caliente, Zacatecas. Jones 151; San Luis Potosi,
Schaffner 614, 615/819; in the region of San Luis Potosi, Parry
and Palmer 141; base of San Luis ^Mountains, 3Iearns 2120; caiion
east side San Luis Mountains, Mearns 2200 ; near Colonia Garcia
in the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Townsend and Barber 93 ; as
above. Nelson 6223; southwestern Chihuahua, Palmer 433; between
Santa Gertrudis and Santa Teresa, Tepic, Rose 2113 ; Otinapa,
Durango, Palmer 383; Sierra de Los Alamos, Palmer 343; San Jose
Mountains, Sonora, Mearns 1764. New Mexico : El Capitan Moun-
tains, Earle and Earle 198 ; AVhite Mountains, Wooton and Standley
3502; Organ Mountains, Wooton 530; Hermits Peak, Snow 1542; Las
Vegas, Dewey, June 24, 1891 ; Las A'egas, Hot Springs, Geo. B. Grant
5540 ; Hot Springs, Snow, August, 1882 ; Expedition from Western
Texas to El Paso, Wright 137.

Var. multicaulis Ottley n. var. (pi. 70, figs. 7-13). Decumbent or
ascending, with many stems arising from a perennial root; leaflets
oblanceolate, or those of the lower leaves rounded-obovate, not more
than 1 cm. long ; flowers 8 to 10 mm. long ; calyx teeth midway between
those of the species and those of L. rigidus Greene; pods 2 to 2.5 cm.
long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide.

Mohave Desert in the vicinity of New York Mountains, eastward
into Nevada. Distribution Map 3. April-May.

212 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

Localities. — Barnwell, K. Brandegee, May, 1911 (type in U.C.
Herb.) ; Providence Mountains, T. S. Brandegee, June, 1902; Mohave
Desert, New York Mount ians, Jepson 5461. Nevada: Karshaw,
Meadow Valley Wash, Goodding 626. These plants differ in many
respects from Hosackia rigidia var. numwuUiria Jones (Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 5, 1895, p. 633) as represented by Jones' 5128,
Santa Clara Valley, Utah. In the latter the internodes are long, the
leaves above the basal ones with 1 to 3 leatlets; leaflets linear-ovate,
acute, the terminal one over 2 cm. long ; bract usually present, also
linear-ovate ; flowers 1.2 to 1.4 cm. long ; legumes 2 to 3 cm. long,
3 to 4 mm. wide, yellowish brown. Jones' 5()98d, ten miles south of
Black Rock Spring, Arizona, and 5125d, Diamond Valley, Utah, are
immature plants and one cannot determine with certainty whether or
not their fruits and uppermost leaves would, if mature, resemble those
of Jones 5128. I have not seen Jones' 5224k, Rockville, Utah, the
first of the four specimens cited by Jones following his diagnosis of
Hosackia rigida var. nummularia, but assume that it corresponds to
the other three plants.

References. — Lotus w^rightii Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 143.
Hosackia ivrightii Gray, PI. AVright., vol. 2. 1853, p. 42, type loc,
stony hills at the copper mines, New Mexico, Wright 1000. A7iisolotus
wrightii Rydb. in Bull. Torr. Club, vol. 33, 1906, p. 144.

10. L. argyraeus Greene (pi. 70, figs. 14-22). Prostrate, much
branched, woody perennials, with dense silky pubescence on the leaves,
young stems, and calyces ; internodes short ; leaves often broader than
long, with very short petiole and rachis; leaflets 3 to 5, cuneate-
oblanceolate or cuneate-obovate to rounded-deltoid, mostly obtuse;
umbels ebracteate, 1 to 3-flowered ; peduncles exceeding the leaves ;
flowers 8 to 10 mm. long, the subulate calyx teeth a little more than
one-half as long as the tube; legumes variable, 1 to 2.2 cm. long,
2 to 4 mm. wide, silky-pubescent to glabrate, 2 to several-seeded;
seeds oblong-spherical, smooth.

Dry situations, San Bernardino Mountains, south into Lower Cali-
fornia. Upper Sonoran and Transition. Distribution Map 3. May-
September. Closely allied to L. mearnsii Britt. of Arizona and to
Hosackia nivea Wats, of Lower California.

Localities.— ^ai[iis. Ana River (about 6500 ft. alt.), Peirson, 2266;
Holcomb Valley, Parish Bros., 1495; Holcomb Valley, San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Parish 10887 ; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Parish 3741; Green Valley, San Bernardino Countv, Ahrams
2060 ; Rose Mine, Parish 3094, 3097 ; Coyote Canon, Santa Rosa Moun-
tain, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2140; Coyote Canon near El Toro.
Jepson 1440 ; Santa Rosa Mountain, twenty-five miles south of Palm
Springs, Hall, August, 1897. Lower California: Cantillas Mountains,
ten miles from Tres Pozos, Palmer 100,

References. — Lotus argyraeus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 144.
Hosackia argyraea Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 1, 1885, p. 184,
type loc. in the Cantillas Mountains, Lower California, Orcutt.
Anisolotus argyraeus Ileller, Muhl., vol. 8, 1912, p. 47.

1923] Ottleij: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 213

11. L. strigosus Greene (pi. 71. %s. 1-11). Annuals, ascending or
decumbent, with many slender branches arising from the crown of
the root ; herbage and pods appressed-hirsutulous ; leaves 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
long, with 6 to 10 leaflets scattered along the flattened rachis, one
nearly at the base of the leaf and only about one-half the size of the
terminal leaflet ; leaflets acute, linear-oblong, those of the lower leaves
often cuneate-obovate and obtuse; peduncles exceeding the leaves or
shorter, the lower ones 1-flowered, those higher up on the stem 2 to 3-
flowered ; bract when present mostly of one leaflet ; flowers 5 to 10 mm.
long; pods straight or slightly curved at apex, 2 to 3 cm. long, 2 to
2.5 mm. wide, the beak short and straight ; seeds many, granulose,
notched at the hilum, quadrate in surface view; in cross-section
rounded oblong, not more than 1 mm. in diameter.

Common in sandy situations near the coast from San Francisco
south to San Diego County, Distribution Map 4. January-November.
The small-flowered plants agree with L. ruheUus Greene. I do not
find the seeds of these distinguishable from those of the large-flowered
form of L. strigosus Greene, either by shape of seed or by markings
of seedcoat, as claimed by Greene.

Localities. — San Francisco, Jepson 2632 ; San Francisco, Greene,
May 30, 1892, and May 27, 1893 ; sand hills near the Marine Hospital,
San Francisco, Heller 6628 ; sand hills near San Francisco, C. Baker
2855 ; San Francisco, Blasclale, June 11, 1893 ; Lake Merced, San
Francisco County, Michener and Bioletti, November, 1892, and April
23, 1892; Antioch, Contra Costa County, Chcsnut and Drew, April
18, 1889; Steven's Creek Caiion, San "Mateo County, Wright 74;
Temescal Range, Brewer 153 (leaves less than 1.5 cm. in length) ;
ridge west of Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, Heller 7375 (leaves
large, largest ones 3 cm. long with leaflets 3 to 4 mm. wide ; flowers
1.4 cm. long); foothills near Stanford University, C. Baker 669;
Stanford University, Elmer 3024; Santa Cruz, Jones 2265; Pacific
Grove in pine woods, Heller 6689, 6818 ; Pacific Grove, Elmer 3574 ;
Pacific Grove, Chandler 341; Monterey, Eastwood, April 16, 1900;
near Gigling Station east of Monterey, Heller 6714; Carmel, Ottley
1261 ; on the right bank of the Carmel River three miles above the
Mission, Heller 6588; Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County, Barber
April 9, 1899, and April 25, 1901; Santa Maria, Summers; Coast
Range north of San Luis Obispo, Palmer 78; Santa Ynez Mountains,
near Santa Barbara, T. S. Brandegee in 1888; Carpinteria, Brewer
262 ; Santa Barbara, Elmer 3924 ; Santa Paula, Evermann in 1880 ;
Susana Pass, Ventura County, Jepson 8466 ; Santa Susana Moun-
tains, Brewer 206 (leaves less than 1.5 cm. in length) ; Matilija Caiion,
Peckham, February 26, 1866; Saugus, Davy, March 1, 1901 (three
sheets in U.C. Herbarium with leaflets short, and obovate to nearly
orbicular); Arroyo Seco, Pasadena, Ottley 684; Pasadena, Ottley
599; Garvanza, Brannton 156; near Inglewood, Ahrams 3246; Elysian
Park, Braunton 835; Eaton Caiion, San Gabriel Mountains, Ottley
541 ; near Bassett, Los Angeles County, Ottley 668 ; San Gabriel
Wash near Azusa, Grinnell, March 29, 1901 ; Claremont, C. Baker
4006 (leaflets obovate to orbicular) ; North Pomona, Braunton 229 ;
Pomona, Barber, April 20, 1897; Witch Creek, Alderson, April, 1894;
Granite, vicinity of San Diego, Spencer 94, 95 ; San Diego, Dunn,

214 University of California PuhJications in Botany [Vol.10

April 24, ]891; La Jolla, Clements and Clements 147; El Cajon
Valley, San Diego County, Orcutt, May, 1889 ; Campo, Ahrams 3567 ;
Riverside, Thurber, March, 1908; San Bernardino, Parish Bros. 206,
1863; San Bernardino, Vasey 122; Whipple's Exploration in 1853-54,
Bigelow (U.S. Nat. Herb. 23837); Avalon, Santa Catalina Island,
Trask, March, 1897; Avalon, Geo. B. Grant, April 9, 1901.

Intergrades between the species and the variety hirteUiis are
abundant, especially in the southern dry interior portion of the state.
Here the specific and varietal characters, including pubescence, shape
and texture of leaflets, size of pods and seeds, appear in various com-
binations and it is often extremely ditKcult to determine Avhether a
given plant belongs to the species or to the variety. It is among these
intergrades that L. nudiforus Greene may be found. Intergrades
between the species and the A'ariety hirtelhis: Santa Rosa Island.
T. S. Branderjee, June, 1888 ; Santa Cruz Island, T. S. Brandegee,
April, 1888; Little Sur, Ventura Cone, Monterey County, Davy 7392;
Tassajara Hot Springs, ]\Tonterey County, Elmer 3290; Pajaro
Hills, Monterey County, Chandler 447 (many of the leaflets oval
or obovate) ; San Luis Mountain, Summers, March, "good match
for type of Hosacl'ia nudifora Xutt.. save the banner is a bit too
long. Type plants of same size." Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; San
Francisquito Pass, Hall 3095 ; vicinity of Elizabeth Lake. IlaU
3067; Tujunga Canon, Los Angeles County, Ottley 691; Lytle Creek,
San Antonio Mountains, Ottley 744; Whitewater, T. S. Brandegee,
May 14. 1902 ; Grapevine Canon, Colorado Desert, T. S. Brandegee,
April, 1905 ; Avash south >;ide Grapevine Caiion, Jepson 8771 ; Seven
Oaks Camp, San Bernardino Mountains, Geo. B. Grant, June 11-14,
1901 ; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 3063 ; common
on mesas and foothills, San Bernardino County, Parish, May. 1887;
San Bernardino, Jepson 5597 ; San Bernardino County, Parry and
Lemmon 75; vicinitv of San Bernardino, Parish 4661 (seeds granulose
and rugose); Cajon Canon, A. C. ^Vilson, June 20, 1893 ; near San
Jacinto, I^eiherg 3129; Riverside, Jepson 1227 (seeds rugose and
granulose) ; Palm Springs, Geo. B. Grant 6713; Keene Station, Kern
County, Heller 7820; Randsburg, Kern County, Heller 7684; Kaweah
River, eighteen miles east of Visalia, Woolsey, March 20, 1898 ; Hot
Springs, Sequoia National Park, Jardine 175 ; New York Falls,
Amador County. Hansen 751; White Bar, Hansen 1317.

Var. hirtellus Ottley n. comb. (pi. 71, fig. 12). Pubescence
canescently hirsutulous, not appressed ; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long ; leaflets
cuncate-oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, obtuse, thickish ; flowers 8 to
11 mm. long; legumes mostly 3 mm. wide and usually somewhat con-
stricted between the seeds; seeds larger than in the species, granulose
and occasionally faintly sinuate-rugose.

Arid situations, southern California north to Hetch-Hetchy.
Rarely found with the species along the coast but of more frequent
distril)ution in the interior. Sonoran and Lppor Sonoran. Dis-
tribution ]\Iap 4. April-October.

Localities. — Ridge north of IL'tch-IIetchy, dry ground. Chesnut
and Drew, June 29, 1889; Coulterville road into Merced Canon,
Yosemite National Park, Hall 8882 ; Yosemite Falls, Hall 8958 ; hills

1923] Ottlcij: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 215

near Erskine Creek, Piirpus 5568; Bakersfield, Calloway Canal, Kern
County, Davy 1791 ; under pines, Richardson Caiion, Antelope Valley,
Davy 2500; Manzana, Antelope Valley, Davy 2530; Santa Lucia
Mountains. Jcpson 1658 ; Liebre Mountains, Los Angeles County,
Ahrams and McGregor 372; Mt. Lowe, Los Angeles Countv, Ottley
644; Mt. Wilson, Ottley 649; Mt. Wilson, Geo. B. Grant, 6792;
Fredalba, San Bernardino Mountains, Ahrams 2790; Waterman
Caiion, southern slope of San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 5925 ;
vicinit}* of Chalk Hill, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2059 ; San
Jacinto Mountain, Hall 965; south side of San Jacinto Mountain,
Hall 1809 ; Coyote Caiion, Avestern border of Colorado Desert, Hall
2776, 1907 ; Vandeventer Ranch, Riverside County, Jepson 1426 ;
Palomar, Hall 1948; Witch Creek, San Diego County, Alderson 424;
Campbell Ranch, Laguna, Mearns 3530; Julian, T. 8. Brandegee,
June 12, 1894. Lower California : San Sebastian, T. S. Brandegee,
April 29, 1889.

References. — Lotus strigosus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 141,
Hosackia strigosa Nutt. in T. & G. Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 326, type loc,
dry gravelly hills near Monterey. Anisolotus strigosus Heller, ]\Iuhl.,
vol. 3, 1907. p. 101. Hosackia rnhella Nutt., loc cit., type loc, dry
gravelly hills near ^Monterey. Lotus ruhellus Greene, loc. cit. A^iiso-
lotus ruhellus Heller, Muhl., vol. 7, 1912, p. 139. Hosackia nudiflora
Nutt., loc. cit., type loc, gravelly hills near Monterey. Lotus nudi-
florus Greene, loc cit. Lotus strigosus var. nudiforus Jepson, Fl. W.
Mid. Calif., ed. 1, 1901, p. 302. Anisolotus nudiflorus Heller, loc. cit.
Var. HiRTELLUS Ottley. Lotus hirtellus Greene, loc. cit., p. 142, type
loc, high ridges of the mountains north of Hetch-Hetchy Valley,
Chesnut and Drew. Hosackia striaosa var. hirtella Hall. T'^niv.
Calif. Publ. Bot., vol. 4, 1912, p. 199. Anisolotus hirtellus Heller,
Muhl., vol. 8, 1912, p. 60.

12. L. tomentellus Greene (pi. 71, figs. 13-20). Prostrate; leaves
similar to those of L. strigosus Greene var. hirtellus but pubescence
more appressed and pods less than 3 mm. wide ; seeds globose to oval,
granulose. Barely distinguishable, without recourse to the seeds,
from certain desert forms of L. strigosus Greene.

A desert species of southeastern California, Arizona, and Lower
California. Distribution Map 4. March-May.

Localities. — Hanaupah Caiion, Panamint Mountains, Jepson 7061 ;
Panamint Mountains, Coville and Funston 526 (U.C. Herb, sheet
authenticated by Greene according to Coville) ; Granite Wells, San
Bernardino County, Parish, 10137; wash between Carrego and Split
Mountain, Parish 9112; Split Mountain Cafion, Colorado Desert,
Parish 9113; Palmetto Springs, Colorado Desert, Stephens 1003;-
Barregos Springs, T. S. Brandegee, April 17, 1S95 ; Mecca, Colorado
Desert, Hall 5830 ; Canon Springs, Colorado Desert, Riverside County,
Hall 5823; Cottonwood Springs, Colorado Desert, Parish 10842 (seeds
rugose) ; southwestern part of Colorado Desert, San Diego County,
Orcutt, April 25, 1890; San Felipe, San Diego County. T. S. Bran-
degee, April 16, 1895; San Felipe Wash, Eastwood, 2701; Vallecito,
San Diego County, Jepson 8543. Lower California: Santa Rosalia,
Palmer 201 ; San Bartolome Bay, Rose 16233. Arizona : Palmer 76 ;

216 University of California Puhlications in Botany [you 10

Lowell, W. F. Parish 45. California: McCoy Wash, Colorado Desert,
Hall 5952 is referred here lirovisionall}- — general aspect of L. tomen-
tellus but the seeds are rugose rather than granulose or tuberculate
and the pods are 1.3 to 1.7 cm. long, curved near the apex and 3 mm.
wide.

Reference. — Lotus tomentellus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 140,
type loc. at Los Angeles Bay, Lower California, Palmer 602, "dis-
tributed as Hosackia strigosa."

13. L. salsuginosus Greene (pi. 72; pi. 73, fig. 1). Prostrate or
decumbent annuals, somewhat succulent ; pubescence of few short
appressed hairs ; leaves 2 to 4 cm. long ; leaflets mostly 5 or 6, orbicular
to obovate, obtuse, the rachis flat ; umbels 1 to 5-flowered ; peduncles
shorter or longer than the leaves, with a bract of 1 to 3 ovate or
orbicular leaflets; flowers 8 to 10 mm. long; calyx not quite one-half
as long as flower, the teeth as long as the tube or shorter ; corolla unlike
those of the six preceding species, banner distinctly separated into
blade and claw, claw slightly exserted beyond calyx tube, wings
obovate, lying on either side of the obtuse keel and surpassing it in
length; legumes 1.8 to 3 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, with recurved
beak, more or less constricted between the seeds; .seeds smooth,
globose to obliquely oval.

Common in the coastal counties from Santa Clara County south
into Lower California, also appearing on the islands off the coast and
extending sparingly into the southeastern part of the state. Dis-
tribution Map 4. March-July.

Localities. — :Alum Rock Park, Santa Clara County, Elmer 4723;
Big Sur, Monterey County, Davy 7462; Little Sur River, Monterey
County, Davy 7307 ; San Luis Obispo, Jones 2684 ; Avila, San Luis
Obispo County, Summers, June 4, 1885 ; Santa Lucia Mountains,
Jepson 1677 ; Santa Lucia Mountains, Barhcr, May, 1899 ; Gaviota,
Santa Barbara County, Eastwood 45; Santa Barbara, Elmer 3766;
Santa Barbara, Dunn, May 27, 1891 ; Ventura, Hall 3131 ; Hueneme,
Ventura County, Davy, April 7, 1902, "fair match for Nuttall's type
of Hosackia maritima," Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; Casitas Pass, Ven-
tura County, Hall 3220 ; San Francisquito Pass, Hall 3094 ; San Fran-
cisquito Caiion, Parish, 1891 ; Santa Monica forestry station, Los
Angeles County, Barher 106; Santa Monica, Hall 3274; Elysian Park,
Los Angeles County, Setchell, March 13, 1901; Echo Park, Braunton
439; Los Angeles, Geo. B. Grant, April, 1903; Pasadena, Geo. B.
Grant 7506; Garvanza, Geo. B. Grant, April 20, 1905; Fish Caiion,
San Gabriel Mountains, Ottley 605; banks of San Gabriel River,
Leiherg 3387 ; Reche Caiion, San Bernardino County, Parish 2065 ;
Temecula, Vascy 126; near Ysidora, San Diego County, Ahrams 3293 ;
Ija Jolla, Clements and Clements 145; San Diego, Cleveland, March
9, 1884 ; Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, Pendleton 1375 ; Avalon,
Trask, April, 1895; Santa Cruz Island, Niedermiiller, May 31, 1908;
Santa Cruz Island, T. S. Brandegee, April, 1888 ; Santa Rosa Island,
T. S. Brandegee, June, 1888.

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 217

Var. brevivexillus Ottley n. nom. (pi. 73, figs. 2-9). Small and
prostrate ; flowers 3 to 5 mm. long ; keel longer than the banner or
wings ; legumes 1 to 2 cm. long, noticeably constricted between the
seeds. A diminutive form of L. salsuginosus. The differences in
the relative lengths of the petals of the two, especially as the length
of the banner in the variety is not constant, are deemed of insufficient
value to justify the retention of Greene's species L. humilis.

Southeastern California east into Arizona and south into Lower
California and Mexico. Also on the islands west of Lower California.
Distribution Map 4. March-May.

Localities. — Hanaupah Canon, Panamint Mountains, Jepson
7061a ; Johnson Canon, Panamint Mountains, Coville and Funston
564 ; Colorado Desert, T. S. Brandegee, April, 1905 ; semi-arid places,
Colorado Desert, Wright 1775 (in part) ; Coyote Canon, western
border of Colorado Desert, Hall 2848; Del Mar, T. 8. Brandegee,
March 28, 1894; Vallecito, San Diego County, Jepson 8545. Lower
California : San Telmo, T. S. Brandegee, May 30, 1893 ; Patrocinia,
T. S. Brandegee, April 17, 1889 ; Lagoon Head, Palmer 111 ; Santa
Maria, T. S. Brandegee; Cedros Island, Anthony 311 ; Cedros Island,
T. S. Brandegee, April 2, 1897 ; San Benito Island, T. S. Brandegee,
March 28, 1897. Arizona: Lowell, W. F. Parish 44; Lowell, W. F.
Parish, May, 1884; Little Meadow^, Stephens, June 22, 1902; Yucca,
Jones, May 15, 1884. Mexico : Sonora, Pringle, March 29, 1884.

References. — Lotus salsuginosus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p.
140. Hosackia maritima Nutt. in T. and G., Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 326,
type loc, Santa Barbara. Anisolotus maritimus Heller, Muhl., vol. 8,
1912, p. 48. Var. brevivexillus Ottley. L. humilis Greene, Pitt., vol,
2, 1890, p. 140, type loc, San Bartolome Bay, Lower California. Pond.
Hosackia maritima Nutt., Greene, loc. cit., vol. 1, 1889, p. 288.

14. L. micranthus Benth. (pi. 73, figs. 10-16). Diffuse sleiider
annuals; nearly glabrous, leaflets often glaucous; leaves 8 to 16 mm.
long ; leaflets, 3 to 5, oblong, oblanceolate, or elliptical, obtuse ; flowers
solitary, 4 to 5 mm. long ; peduncles shorter or longer than the leaves ;
bract of 3 (1 or 2) leaflets; calyx turbinate-campanulate, with subulate
teeth nearly as long as the tube or much shorter ; petal claws exserted
beyond the tube, banner blade short-oblong to nearly orbicular, the
wings slightly longer than the acute keel ; legumes 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
1 to slightly more than 2 mm. wide, the short beak curved or straight,
constricted between the seeds ; seeds 5 to 9, suborbicular to short-
oblong, less than 2 mm. long.

Fairly common in grassy places in the Sonoran, both in the western
part of the state and eastward into the Sierra region. Distribution
Map 4. January-August. Plants are frequently found in which the
legumes are sinuate on the margins and larger than in the type, with
seeds 2 mm. long.

Localities. — Washington : Near Montesano, Chehalis County,
Heller and Heller 3911. Western Oregon, Howell, June, 1881.
California : Sissons, K. Brandegee, July, 1887 ; sand dunes at mouth
of Little River, Humboldt County, Tracy 4795 ; Humboldt Bay,
Chandler 1136 ; Alton, Humboldt County, Tracy 3647 ; opposite Buck
Mountain, Tracy 4111 ; Fort Seward Ranch Ridge, Humboldt County,

218 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

Jrpson li)()(); near AVeaverville, Yates 286; Willits, Jepson 2499; Fort
Bragg, Davy 6564; near Fort Bragg, Ottlcy 1505; near I'kiah, Mendo-
cino County, Bolander 3920 ; near Comptehe, Vt^dker 256 ; Los
Giiilicos, Michener and BioleUi, May 22, 1892; near St. Helena, Napa
River basin, Jepson in 1893 ; Howell Mountain, Napa River basin,
Jepson, April24, 1893; Bodega, Chandler 651a ; Olema, Marin County,
Jepson, March 28, 1897; Fairfax, Marin County, Ottley 339; Mt.
Tamalpais, Jepson, June 11, 1891; Mill Valley, Ottley 154; Sausalito,
Ottley 406; near "Little Grizzly," Berkeley, Y/Y/r/; 770; Fish Ranch,
Contra Costa County, Jepson, June 9, 1891 ; Pilarcitos, Davy 1045,
1156 ; foothills near AVellesley Park, San Mateo County, Ahrams 2414 ;
summit of tlie first ridge west of Los Gatos, Heller 7374 ; on Salinas
road near Del Monte, Heller 6774; Pacific Grove, Heller 6671; near
Monterey, Brewer 620 ; Santa Lucia Mountains, H(dl 10005 ; Paso
Robles, Santa Lucia Mountains, Barher 1024 ; Santa Susana Moun-
tains, Brewer 205; Evey Caiion, San Antonio Mountains, Johnston
1277 ; Kaweah River basin, Hopping 172 ; northeast of Pinehurst,
Ottley 1393; Jerseydale, Mariposa County, Hedl 8846; Blochman
Ranch, Mariposa County, Eeistwood 4209 ; Yosemite Valley, Ahrams
4482; foot of Yosemite Falls, Hall 9120; near French Flat. Tuolumne
County, Ferris 1548; Gwin JVtine, Calaveras County, Jepson 1772,
1809; ^lokelumne Hill, Calaveras County, Blaisdell; vicinity of lone,
Amador County, Braunton 1195; Agricultural Station, Amador
County, Hansen 13 ; El Dorado County, Rattan 1866 ; Marysville
Buttes, Sutter County, Heller 11271 ; grade betAveen Clear Creek and
Paradise, Butte County, Heller and Brown 5531 ; Dibble Creek,
Tehama County, Jepson, April 29, 1899. Form with sinuate, larger
legumes: Rattlesnake Mountain. Davy and Blasdale 5335; vicinity
of Eureka, Tracy 1750; near Red 13]ufi:', Tehama County, Heller
12335; Little Chico Creek, Austin 702; near Mt. Diablo, Brewer
1173; Julian, San Diego County, T. S. Breindegee, June 14, 1894;
Santa Cruz Island, T. S. Breindegee in 1888.

References. — Lotus MicRANTHrs Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 17,
1837, p. 367. Hosackia parvifiora Benth. in Lindl. Bot. Reg., vol. 15,
1829, under t. 1257, type from northwest coast of North America,
Douglas. Anisolotus parviflorus Heller, ]\Iuhl., vol. 3, 1907, p. 100.
According to Greene, Hosackia ndcroph^illa Nutt. in T. and G., Fl.
N. A., vol. 1, 1838. p. 326.

15. L. americanus Bisch. (pi. 74. figs. 1-7). Erect or ascending
annuals, 1.5 to 4.5 dm. tall (or taller), w(41 branched; herbage villous,
pilose or nearly glabrous ; large leaves on the main branches 2.5 cm.
long, other leaves 1 cm. long or less; leaflets typically 3 (some of the
largest leaves on vigorous plants often Avith 4 or 5 leaflets, tips of
branches occasionally bearing leaves of but one leaflet), terminal leaflet
oblong or elli]-)tical, acute, petiolulate, the two lateral leaflets asym-
metrically ovate, nearly sessile and attached near or at the base of
the leaf; peduncles exceeding the leaves, often very mucli reduced on
plants flowering late in the season ; bract of one leaflet ; flowers solitary
(rarely in tAvos), 6 to 9 mm. long; calyx tube short, turbinate-cam-
panulate, the teeth narrowly triangular-subulate, nearly equaling the
corolla in length ; corolla cream-color or Avhite with l)anner deeply

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 219

veined with rose, wings but faintly veined, the acute keel tipped with
yellow and projecting beyond the wings; legumes linear, 2 to 3.5 cm.
long, glabrous, 3 to 7-seeded ; seeds oblong.

Pacific Coast states east into central United States. Distribution
Map 5. May-October. A very variable polymorphic species of wide
distribution. L. americanus has been divided into several different
species, notably by Heller, on the basis of variation in pubescence,
number and size of flowers, length of peduncles, and habit. After a
careful study of the various forms in the field and of duplicates of
Heller 's types we conclude that the group is essentially a unit. With
the exception of Heller's Acmispon glabratus with its relatively short
and broad calyx teeth, no qualitative distinction, except that of habit,
has been found on which to separate the group into the different
divisions.

Localities. — Hornbrook, Siskiyou County, Copeland 3495 ; Yreka,
Heller, 8001; near Dietz Station, 3800 ft. alt., Heller, 11701,
'' Acmispon gracilis"; Sisson, Jepson, July-August, 1894; Scott
River Valley, Gilbert in 1899 ; near Black Butte, Siskiyou County,
Heller 12430, "Acmispon silvicola" (leaves mostly reduced to one
leaflet); Hupa Indian Reservation, Chandler 1394; Redwood Creek
at crossing of Willow Creek road, Humboldt County, Tracy 4386;
valley of Van Duzen River, opposite Buck Mountain, Tracy 3964,
3973 ; Hyampon, Price, July 5, 1890 ; Rush Creek Anclerlines,
Trinity County, Yates 429; South Fork of Eel River, Mendocino
County, Tracy 5067, "villous form" and 5068, "The common form
here" (pubescence inconspicuous) ; near Ukiah, Purely; near Walker's
Ranch, Mendocino County, Davy and Blasdale 1021 ; near Comptche,
Walker 315 ; banks of Russian River, north of Cloverdale, Mendocino
County, Heller 5834 ; Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, Heller 6051 ; near
Burke's Sanitarium, Sonoma County, Heller 5754; Sulphur Banks,
Lake County, Bowman; Uncle Sam Mountain, Lake County, Jepson;
Vacaville, Jepson, September, 1891 ; Alamo Creek, Solano County,
Jepson, September, 1891 ; Moraga Ridge, Ottley 778 ; Alameda, Park,
September 1, 1866 ; Alameda, Kellogg, September 1, 1866 ; Fruitvale
near Diamond Caiion, Walker 686 ; Stockton, Sanford 70 ; foothills west
of Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, Heller 7526 ; foothills near Stan-
ford University, C. Baker 872, 1511 ; Jolon Ranch, Monterey County,
Brewer 559 ; Paso Robles, Barber, April 23, 1899 ; sand hills near the
sea, San Luis Obispo Countj^ Summers; The Sisquoc, Santa Barbara
Countv, M. S. Baker, Julv, 1895 ; Topango, Los Angeles County, Barber
August 3, 1898; Elysian Hills, Braunton 396; Pasadena, Ottley 598;
Aliso Caiion, Los Angeles County, Barber 199 ; Los Angeles, Geo. B.
Grant, May 18, 1902 ; Cienega, Braunton 626 ; Cuyamaca, T. S.
Brandegee, July 6, 1894 ; Witch Creek, San Diego County, Alderson,
May, 1894; Ramona, K. Brandegee, October, 1903; Boulevard, Laguna
Mountains, Imperial County, McGregor 89 ; San Jacinto Mountain,
Anthony, July 15, 1895; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains,
Hall 2387; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Chandler, July
29, 1897; Waterman Canon, San Bernardino County, Parish 2286;
vicinity of Riverside, Hall 154; Claremont, Chandler, June 21, 1897;
Owen's Valley and at Fort Tejon, Horn in 1862-64 ; Cajon Caiion. N. C.
Wilson, June 25, 1893 ; Middle Tule River, Purpus 5623 ; Toll House,

220 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

Fresno County, Hall and Chandler 28; below Sentinel Hotel, Yosemite
Valley, Hall 9130; Yosemite Valley, Hall 9207; Tuolumne County,
Hall I.ITO ; Iletch-IIetchy, Jepson 3409 ; grounds of Preston School,
Amador County, Braunton 1061a ; four miles east of Placerville, El
Dorado County, Heller 12553, " Acmispon aestivalis" ; Marston,
Plumas County, Hall 9387; east of Chieo, Heller 12651, "Acmispon
sparsiflorus" ; Chico, Butte County, Heller 11132; Dry Creek, Butte
County, Heller 11692; Table Mountain, Olive Ranch, Heller 11146,
"Acmispon aestivalis"; Mud Flat on the Newville-Covelo road, Glenn
County, Heller 11531 ; lied Bluff, T. S. Brandegee, September 20,
1892 ; near Pitt River Ferry, Shasta County, Brown 223.

Var. minutiflorus Ottley n. nom. Less robust than the species,
usually decumbent, pilose to nearly glabrous ; peduncles reduced or
longer than the leaves ; flowers 4 to 5 mm. long. Undoubtedly but
little more than a reduced form growing at high altitudes and under
other unfavorable conditions. Distribution Map 5. The various com-
binations of the different characters render it impossible to separate
this small-flowered group into clean cut divisions. June-July.

Localities. — Between Bartlett Springs and Allen Springs, Lake
County, Heller 12366 ; Uncle Sam Mountain, Lake County, Jepson,
July-August, 1892; Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Ottley 1546a,
1552 ; Eureka, Humboldt County, Tracy 3807, 4583, 3536 ; ocean beach
at Humboldt Bay, Tracy 5092; Crescent City, Del Norte County
Davy and Blasdale 5945b ; in dry swale, near Yreka, Siskiyou County,
Butler 390; Sisson, Setchell and Dohie, July 21, 1902; on low sandy
moist lava beds, Modoc County, M. S. Baker, June-August, 1893 ; west
shore. Egg Lake, Modoc County., 31. S. Baker in 1893 ; American
Valle}', Plumas County, Austin 376; Butte Meadows, Butte County,
Heller 12826, "Acmispon mollis"; Forest Ranch, Btitte County,
Heller 11625, "Acmispon mollis"; Chico Meadow^s, Heller 11615;
Bear Valley, Nevada County, Jepson, July 21, 1898 ; lower end of
Donner Lake, Heller, 7019, duplicate of type of Acmispon glahratus
Heller (calyx teeth shorter and broader than in typical L. ameri-
canus) ; Truckee, Heller 7059 (duplicate of type of Acmispon
pilosus) ; Sierra Nevada Mountains, Placer County, Carpenter,
August, 1892 ; Blue Canon, Placer Countv, Walker 1243 ; near Cisco,
Placer County, Hall 8734, 8733; roadside near Tallac, El Dorado
County, Ottley 1200 ; roadside. Fallen Leaf, Ottley 875, 843 ; Myers,
Ottley 938; Antelope, Amador County, Hansen 335; Alpine County,
Hansen in 1892; Kennedy Meadow, Tuolumne County, A. L. Grant
893; Yosemite Valley, Ahrams 4654; Greely Hill above Coulterville,
Jejjson, July 3, 1896 ; W. Jackson Meadow, Maimvaring 511 ; Kings
River Caiion, Ottley 1485 ; Little Kern Lake, Tulare County, Culhert-
son 4287 ; Victorville, San Bernardino County, Parish 10541 ; Fawn-
skin Park, San Bernardino Mountains (7200 ft. alt.). Wilder 735;
woods near Pacific Grove, Patterson and Wiltz; near French Flat,
Tuolumne County, Williamson 48 ( between species and variety ; plant
small, villous; flowers 5-6 mm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves).

References. — Lotus americani's Bisch., Del. Sem. Hort. Heidelb.,
1839; Linnaea, vol. 14, 1840: Lift. Bericht., p. 132. Trigonella ameri-
cana Nutt., Gen., vol. 2, 1818, p. 120. Hosackia americana Piper,

1923] Ottley: A Bevision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 221

Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., vol. 11, 1906, p. 366, Lotus sericeus Pursh,
Fl., vol. 2, 1814, p. 489, type loc. on the banks of the Missouri. Acmi-
spon sericeus Raf., Atl. Jour., vol. 1, 1832, p. 144. Acmispon sericeum
Raf., New Fl., part 1, 1836, p. 53, Hosackia sericea Trelease ex Bran-
ner and Coville in Am. Rep. Geol. Surv. Ark., vol. 4, 1888, p. 174.
Hosackia purshiana Benth in Lindl. Bot. Reg., vol. 15, 1829, under
t, 1257, type from northwest coast of North America, Douglas. Lotus
purshianus Clements and Clements, Rocky Mt. FL, 1914, p. 183,
Hosackia imifoliolata Hook., Fl. Bor. Am., vol. 1, 1833, p. 135, type loc,
shores of the Columbia River, Scolder. Lotus(f) unifoliolatus Benth.,
Trans, Linn, Soc, vol, 17, 1837, p, 368, Hosackia elata Nutt, in T. and
G., Fl. N. A., vol. 1, 1838, p. 327. Hosackia floribunda Nutt., loc. cit.,
type loc, plains of the Rocky Mountain Range, towards the Oregon.
Hosackia mollis Nutt., loc. cit., type loc. gravel bars and sandy
shores of the Wahlamet near the Falls. Acmispon mollis Heller,
Muhl, vol. 9, 1913, p. 62. Acmispon gracilis Heller, Muhl, vol. 9,
1913, p. 61, type loc. near Burke's Sanitarium, Sonoma County,
Heller 5745. Acmispon spnrsiforns Heller, loc. cit., p. 63, type loc,
Russian River, Mendocino County, Heller 5834. Acmispon aestivalis
Heller, loc. cit., type loc, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, Heller 6051.
Var. MINUTIFLORUS Ottley. Hosackia elata var. glabra Nutt.. loc. cit.,
type loc, gravelly bars of the \Yalilamet and Oregon. Acmispon
glahratus Heller, loc. cit. type loc, lower end of Donner Lake, Heller
7019. Hosackia jnlosa Nutt., loc cit. Acmispon pilosits Heller, loc.
cit., p. 64.

16. L, denticulatus Greene (pi. 74, figs. 8-14). Erect annuals,
2 to 5 dm, high, with few long coarse branches ; stems glabrous or
sparingly covered with short appressed hairs ; leaves and calyces
pilose, the hairs longer and softer than in L. suhpinnatus Lag. ; leaves
1.5 to 3 cm. long ; leaflets 3 or 4, narrowly obovate, margins usually
denticulate ; rachis flat, bearing two leaflets at its apex and one or two
on one side ; flowers solitary, almost sessile, 6 to 8 mm. long, whitish-
cream with back of banner tinged with purple; calyx teeth subequal
or the two dorsal ones narrowly triangular and the others nearly
linear, as long as or longer than the tube, margins often denticulate;
banner short-clawed, blade nearly orbicular ; keel attenuately beaked,
with upper margin covered by the wings; wings of this and of L.
suhpinnatus Lag. and of L. humistratus Greene furnished with a
deeper, more nearly triangular lobe or process than any other Cali-
f ornian species of Lotus; ovary straight on one margin, rounded on
the other, covered with silky hairs ; style hooked at base ; legumes 1 to
2 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, covered with short soft appressed hairs,
sutures thickened and often denticulate, 2 to 4-seeded ; seeds 4 by
2 mm. to 2 by 1 mm., asymmetric, notched at the hilum, with an
elevation on one or both sides.

Northern part of California north to British Columbia. Dis-
tribution Map 6. May-August. According to Greene, this species
"embraces all of Hosackia subpinnata of Mr, Macoun's Catalogue,"

Localities. — Oregon: Ash Creek, Rogue River Valle^^ Austin, July,
1893. California: near Egg Lake, Modoc County, Baker and Nutting,
June 8, 1894 ; near Pitt River, Modoc County, M. S. Baker, July 28,

222 University of California Publications in Botany [^'ol. 10

1893; alonjr creek near Yreka. Butler 912, 389; Yreka Creek, Butler
1610 (form with leaves and lei;nme.s densely villous) ; Edgewood, K.
Brandegee, July, 1887 ; bank of Mad River, CJiesnut and Drew, July,
1888; Jarnijran's, Humboldt County, Chesnut and Drew, Julv 11,
1888; Mad River, Pr^Vr, July ], 1890; Harris to Fort Seward Ranch
Ridge, Humboldt County, Jepson 1882 ; Kneeland Prairie, Tracy 3845 ;
valley of Van Duzen River, Tracy 2756 ; near Hydesville, Tracy 1240 ;
Chico-Hamilton road, six miles from Chico, Heller 11342 ; Tehachapi,
Kern Co., Greene, June 21, 1889 (out of range but stem, calyx teeth,
and legumes tj^pical L. denticulatus).

References. — Lotus denticulatus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p.
139. Hosackia denticulata Drew, Bull. Torr. Club, vol. 16, 1889, p.
151, type loc. along Mad River, near Jarnigan's, Humboldt County,
Chesnut and Drew. Anisolotus denticulatus Heller, ]\Iuhl., vol. 7,
1912, p. 139.

17. L. subpinnatus Lag. (pi. 74, figs. 15-20). Closely resembling
L. denticulatus Greene in many of its technical characters and often
distinguished from it with dit^iculty in herbarium specimens; low,
diffusely branched, pilose to nearly glabrous; leaflets 3 to 5, mostly 4;
flowers yellow, tinged with reddish purjDle ; calyx teeth usually shorter
than the tube; ovary oblong, less hairy than for L. denticulatus;
legumes 3 to 7-seeded ; seeds 2 mm. long by slightly less than 1.5 mm,
wide, shape as in L. denticulatus.

More or less common in the Sonoran throughout the state. Often
found growing side by side with L. humistratus Greene. Distribution
Map 6. March-October. Upon comparison of certain Calif ornian
specimens of the U.C. Herbarium {TIaU 3841, Brewer 360, 1166, see
localities) with plants at Kew Herbarium of Lotus suhpinnatus Lag.
collected in Chile, Dr. Jepson found that, in general, the Chilian
plants were more pubescent, the leaflets were narrower and were four
in number, not five as is often the case with the Californian plants.
After a careful study of a large number of plants from different parts
of the state and a consideration of the diagnosis of the Chilian type
by Lagasca and of the description given by Hooker and Arnott for
the species as represented by plants collected at Conception, Chile,
I have come to the conclusion that the Californian representatives
should be retained within the species. They show as great variation
among themselves as with the South American plants. The South
American plants are also variable, as may be seen from a comparison
of Hooker and Arnott 's description Avith that of T^agasca. The extent
of variation is no more than one might expect to find in a species with
such a wide range of distribution.

Localities. — Near Trinidad. Humboldt County, Tracy, 2967 ;
Yager Creek near Hydesville, Tracy 2521 ; T'kiah, Purdji April 13,
1898 ; Fort Ross, Sonoma County, Heller 6599 ; Bodega Point, East-
wood, June 9, 1899; Bodega Bay, Chandler 719; Vanden and Little
Oak, Jepson in 1885 ; near Napa, Heller and Brown 5358 ; Ross Vallev,
Marin County, Chandler 292; Fairfax, Ottley 360; Holiday Hill, San
Francisco, Rattan in 1887; Lands End, San Francisco, Davy, June
12, 1896; vicinity of Berkeley, Walker, 56; North Berkelev Hills,
Chandler, March 17, 1900; Berkeley, Chandler, 243; U. C. Campus,

1923] Ofileij: A Eevision of the CaUfornian Species of Lotus 223

Berkeley, OttJeij 1 ; Berkeley, Tidestrom, April 27, 1893 ; Livermore
Valley, Davij, May, 1898; Mt. Diablo, Brewer 1166, "very like a
specimen from Huasco, Chile, except that this is more glabrous. In
general, Chilian specimens show a hairier calyx than do those from
California." Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; Mt. Diablo, Ottley 458; Moraga
Ridge, OttJey 119; Knight's Ferry, Bancroft, April 9, 1895; Crystal
Springs Lake, San Mateo County, C. Baker 776 ; Belmont, San Mateo
County, Elmer 4741 ; Evergreen, Santa Clara County, Davy 93 ; foot-
hills near Stanford University, C. Baker 114: ; Alma, K. Brandegee,
April, 1890 (legumes 4 to 5 mm. wide) ; San Juan, San Benito County,
Elmer 5024; in pine woods. Pacific Grove, Heller 6670; Pacific Grove,
Elmer 3573; Cambria, Condit, June 13, 1912; Santa Lucia Mountains,
Barber, March 30, 1900; Santa Barbara, Brewer 360, "very like a
specimen of Lotus suhpinnatus Lag. from Rancagua, Chile, but the
Chilian one is somewhat more hairy and the leaflets in this, on the
whole, broader and 5 instead of 4, " Jepson '06, Kew Herb. ; Santa
Cruz Island, T. S. Brandegee in 1888 ; in field near Arroyo Seco, Los
Angeles County, Ottley 636 (calyx teeth denticulate and slightly
longer than tube) ; North Pomona, Braunton 228; San Diego, Jones
3162; Witch Greek, Alderson, April, 1894; southwestern part of
Colorado Desert, San Diego County, Orcutt in 1889 ; Midlands, River-
side County, Hall 3841, "quite like Lotus suhpifinatus Lag. as repre-
sented by Cuming 289 Valparaiso, Chile, Kew Herb., save that the
hairs are a trifle shorter and the leaflets mostly 5 instead of 4,"
Jepson '06, Kew Herb. ; bluffs of Kern River, Kern County, Heller
7632 ; Marysville, Kern County, Heller 7554 ; Orosi, Goldman 5 ;
near Badger, Ottley 1413; Wright's, seventeen miles west of Los
Bafios, Wooto7i, April 3, 1912; east of Berenda, Wooton, April 7,
1912 ; near French Flat, Tuolumne County, Ferris 1543 ; Mokelumne
Hill, Calaveras County, Blaisdell; San Joaquin County, C. Baker
2111 ; base of South Peak, Marysville Buttes, Jepson, April 20, 1891;
Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, Ferris 657 ; seven miles west of
Arbuckle, Colusa Count}^ Ferris 577 ; Stilson Cafion, east of Cliico,
Heller; near Clear Creek, Butte County, Brown 182.

References. — Lotus subpinnatus Lag., Gen. and Sp. PI., 1816,
p, 23, type loc, Talcahuano, Chile. J^otus suhpinnatus Lag., Hook, and
Arn., Bot. Beech., 1830, p. 17, pi. 8, Conception, Chile. Hosackia
subpitmata, T. and G., Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 326. Jjotus wrangelianus,
F. and M., Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop.. 1835, no. 41, p. 16, type loc,
Bodega Bay; Linnaea, vol. 11, 1837: Litt. Bericht., p. 110; transcript
in Erythea, vol. 2, 1894, p. 149. Hosackia ivrangeliana, T. and G.,
Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 326. Lotus subpimiatus var. wrangelianus Jepson,
Fl. W. Mid. Calif., ed. 1, 1901, p. 303. Lotus macraei Benth., Trans.
Linn. Soc, vol. 17, 1837, p. 367, type loc, Valparaiso, Chile, Macrae.

18. L. humistratus Greene (pi. 74, figs. 21-27). Clo.sely resembling
L. subpinnatus Lag. in general habit and appearance, distinguishable
from it by a denser villous pubescence, by the longer calyx teeth
(usualty twice as long as the calyx tube) and by the shorter pod;
ovary similar to that of L. denticidatus Greene; legumes commonly
straw-color, 7 to 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; seeds 2 to 5 (mostly 3),
in shape resembling those of the two preceding species.

224 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

Distribution in the state as for L. suhpinnatus Lagr. Distribution
Map 6. In Arizona and New Mexico. Ajiril-Jnly. Plants cited
below from the Mohave Desert and from near Lancaster (type loc.
for L. trispermus Greene) are referred to this species since they
appear to be nothinfj- other than small plants of L. humistratus. L.
trispermus Greene therefore is not accepted as a distinct species.

Localities. — Goosenest foothills, Siskiyou County, Butler 1623 ;
Hupa Indian Reservation, Chandler 1308, "very close to type speci-
men of Hosackia hrachycarpa Benth. The pods in this are a trifle
(1 or 2 mm.) longer." Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; Fort Seward Ranch
Ridge, Humboldt County, Jepson 1897 ; Kneeland Prairie, Tracy
3833 ; valley of Van Duzen River, Tracy 2701 ; Yager Creek near
Hydesville, Tracy 2531 (some of the pods more than 1 cm. long) ;
north of Weaverville, Yates 302 ; near Pitt River Ferry, Shasta
County, Brown 226 ; near Redding, Shasta County, Heller 7848 ; near
Comptche, Walker 361 ; near Alder Springs, Glenn Countv, Heller
11465; Allen's Springs, Lake County, Cleveland June 17, 1882; Mt.
St. Helena, C. Baker 2605 ; Jerusalem Valley, Lake County, Jepson
9035; Hood's Peak, Sonoma County, Michener and Bioletti, June,
1893 ; near Mark West Springs, Sonoma County, Heller and Brown
5288; trail to Caux's Cabin, Napa River Basin, Jepson, April 25,
1893 ; Walker Caiion, Solano County, Jepson, May 17, 1892 ; Sacra-
mento River, Baker and Nutting, May 20, 1894; Ross Valley Hills,
Marin Countv, Jepson, April 10, 1897 ; Fairfax, Marin Countv, Ottley
359, 371; Mt. Tamalpais, Chandler 261; Mt. Tamalpais, Heller 8390;
dry west slope of Grizzly Peak, Alameda County, Tracy 1420 ; Lake
Temescal, Alameda County, Jepson, June 14, 1891 ; on dry rocky hills,
Mt. Diablo Range, Brewer 1073, ''of all our specimens in the her-
barium of the University of California this is the nearest Bentham's
type of Hosackia, hrachycarpa." Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; Mt. Diablo,
Ottley 482 ; Belmont, San Mateo County, Elmer 4722 ; summit of the
first ridge west of Los Gatos, Heller 7392 ; Stanford University,
Abrams 2400; foothills near Stanford University, C. Baker 659; trail
to Manzana Creek, Santa Barbara County, Eastivood 659 ; Seymour
Creek, Mt. Pinos, Hall 6341; near Lancaster, Davidson; Cajon Pass,
San Bernardino County, Parish 9276 ; near Victorville, Hall 6202 ;
Kramer, San Bernardino County, K. Brandegee in 1914; ^Mohave
Desert, Parish Bros. 1272 ; desert west from Piute Creek, N. C. Wilson,
June 12, 1893; Barnwell, K. Brandegee, May, 1911; Granite Wells,
San Bernardino County, Parish 10137 ; mesas, Argus Mountains,
Purpus 5420; near Independence, Inyo County, Hall and Chandler
7299 ; Kaweah, Hopping 279 ; Copperopolis, Calaveras County, Davy
1339 ; road to Calaveras Grove, T. S. Brandegee, July 7, 1890 ; near
Plymouth, Amador County, Gross in 1903; Nevada City, Eastwood
609; plains near Chico, Butte County, A}(stin 46; on the Clear Creek-
Paradise grade, Butte County, Heller 11377. Arizona : near King-
man, N. C. Wilson, June, 1893, "very near type of Hosackia hrachy-
carpa Benth. Calyx teeth in this are not quite as long," Jepson '06,
Kew Herb. New Mexico: Mangas Springs, Metcalfe, 14.

References. — Lott's humirtratt^s Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p.
139. Hosackia hrachycarpa Benth., PI. Hartw., 1848, p. 306, type loc.
in mountains of Sacramento. Anisolotus hracltycarpus Rydb. in Bull.

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Californian Species of Lotus 225

Torr. Club. vol. 33, 1906, p. 144. Lotus trispermus Greene, Erythea,
vol. 1, 1893, p. 258, type loc, Lancaster, Davidson. Anisolotus tri-
spermus, Woot. and Stand., Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb,, vol. 16, 1913,
p. 135.

19. L. nuttallianus Greene fpl. 75, figs. 1-8). Prostrate annuals
with long slender branches; leaves, calyces, and young stems thinly
hirsutulous, older stems glabrate ; largest leaves 2 cm. long, with 5, 6,
or 7 leaflets, cuneate-oblanceolate, acute or obtuse ; umbels several-
flowered ; peduncles exceeding the leaves ; bract when present mostly
of one leaflet ; flowers 5 to 7 mm. long ; calyx less than one-half as
long, with teeth triangular and about one-third the length of the tube
or shorter ; ovary in fruit slender, arcuate, constricted between the
two seeds, much exceeding the calyx and terminated by a long involute
glabrous style.

Occurring in the southern part of the state near the sea and south
into Lower California. Range limited. Distribution Map 7. April-
June.

Localities. — Santa Barbara, NuttaJl (label reads *DrepanoJol)us
prostratus), doubtless an incorrect locality; Del Mar, San Diego
County, Jepson 1602a, "an excellent match of Nuttall's type of
Hosackia prostrata." Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; Del Mar, Eastwood
2967; Del Mar, T. S. Brandegee, May 16, 1894; North Island,
Coronado, Chandler 5170; Coronado Beach, Berg, September 3, 1904;
Coronado Beach, K. Brandegee, June 2, 1889 ; San Diego, Eastwood
9272 ; near the sea, San Diego, Stokes in 1895 ; Chula Vista, near San
Diego, Collins and Kempt on 52 ; Tia Juana AVash, San Diego County,
Hall 3958; Tia Juana, Ahrams 3486j.

References. — Lotus nuttallianus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p.
150. Hosackia prostrata Nutt. in T. and G. Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 325,
type loc, "Santa Barbara" (?), Nuttall. Syrmatium prostratum
Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 147. ?Hosackia decumhens
var. glabriuscula Hook and Arn., Bot. Beech., 1832, p. 137, according
to Watson's Index to N. A. Bot., 1878, p. 226.

20. L. hamatus Greene (pi. 75, figs. 9-17), Very similar to L.
nuttaUianus Greene in general aspect, but differing in the following
technical characters: flowers 3 to 4.5 mm. long, in sessile or nearly
sessile umbels ; calyx one-half the length of the flower ; wings not
longer than the keel ; style appressed-hairy.

Occasional in sandy soils of Los Angeles, San Diego, San Bernar-
dino and Riverside counties, on Santa Catalina Island, and in Lower
California. Distribution Map 7. March-June.

The plants are more herbaceous, with pubescence less appressed
and somewhat more abundant than in L. nuttallianus Greene.

Localities. — Coronado, San Diego County, Geo. B. Grant 6831 ;
vicinity of San Diego, Spencer 91 ; San Diego, K. Brandegee, April,
1906; Vicinity of San Diego, Wright 37, 132; San Diego, T. S.
Brandegee 1619 ; ]Mission Hills, San Diego, Abrams 3403 ; mesa near
San Diego, Stokes in 1895 ; Jamacha, Chandler 5271 ; Descanso, T. S.
Brandegee, May 24, 1906; Swetzer Caiion, Alderson 2217; Menifee,
Riverside County, M. A. King in 1893; Palm Springs, Peirson 714;

226 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

8an Bernardino Yalloy, Parish 5586 ; plains near San Bernardino,
Parish 2172; Ked Hill near ri)land, Johnston 1193; Garvanza, Los
Angeles County, Eastwood 62; Little Tujunga Wash, Ottley 587; liill
at entrance to Tujunga Canon, Ottley 693 ; plains near Colton, Parish
2072 ; Santa Catalina Island, Davidson 3. Lower California : San
Pablo, T. S. Brandegee, April 21, 1889.

References. — Lotus hamatus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 150.
Hosackia micrantha Nutt. in T. and G. Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 324, type
loe. "near Monterey." According to notes Jepson '06, Kew Herb.:
"The label on Xuttall's specimen is in his hand, the loc. Monterey,
the plant is typical strigosus. It is plainly conspecific with Heller's
Monterey, 6818, U.C. Herb. 'Drepanolohus micranthus, Isl. Catalina,
IT. C* Label in Nuttall's hand. This plant is Lotus hamatus
Greene."

21. L. leucophyllus Greene (pi. 76, figs. 1-8). Silky-canescent
perennials, with stems long and procumbent, bearing leaves with three
approximate leaflets; leaflets elliptical (oblanceolate), acute, variable
in width — 1 to 8 mm. ; umbels sessile or nearly so, consisting of but
1 to 3 (5) flowers 6 to 9 mm. long; calyx nearly one-half length of
flower, the narrowly linear teeth nearW one-half length of tube ;
claws of petals exserted ; wings longer than the keel ; legumes silk}''-
canescent, straight or falcate, slender, much exceeding the calyx ;
seeds 2 to several, rounded-oblong.

Upper Sonoran and Transition from San Benito and Monterey
counties east to Inyo County, Distribution Map 7. April-July.
Apparently includes Greene's Hosackia procumhens. The calyx teeth
of the type of the latter are not so nearly triangular nor so different
in other ways from those of L. leucophyllus as one would be led to
think from reading Greene's diagnosis. Hosackia procumhens Greene
is midwa}^ between Hosackia sericea Benth. and the variety proposed
below.

Localities. — Near Pinnacles, San Benito County, Hcdl 9963 ; Upper
Salinas Valley, Brewer 521 ; along grade, Jolon to King City, Mon-
terey County, Dudley in 1895; Jolon, Vasey 121, July, 1880 (parts
of two plants, on one the pods short and fat, mostly 5 to 6 mm. long
and 2 mm. wide, straight on one side and curved slightly on the other,
on the other plant the pods varying in length from -4 to 14 mm.) ; Jolon,
K. Brandegee, June 8, 1909 ; dry hills near Mission San Antonio, Santa
Lucia Mountains, Jepson 1666 (legumes strongly arcuate) ; Temple-
ton, San Luis Obispo County, Barber A25, "good match for type of
Hosackia sericea Benth," Jepson '06, Kew Herb.; Grit!ins, Ventura
County, Elmer 3988, July, 1902 (calyx teeth broadly triangular,
short); Frazier Mountain, Ventura County, HaJl 6603; Mt. Pinos.
HaU 6494, 6536; east slope of Walker Pass, Kern County, Covillc and
Funston 1017; Poso Flat, Greenhorn Kange, Kern County, Hall and
Bahcock 5025; Tehachapi, Curran in 1884 (duplicate of Green's type
of Hosackia procumhens) ; region of Tehacha]M Peak. Dudley 324a ;
rim of Mohave Desert (6000 ft. alt.), HaU 1254; Tejon Pass, HaU
6264; vicinity of Fort Tejon, Abrams and McGregor 211 ; in Owen's

* Upper California.

1923] Ottley: A Eevision of the CaUfornian Species of Lotus 227

Valley and at Fort Tejon, Horn in 1863 ; Llano Verdi, Antelope
Valley, Davy 2312 ; Manzana, Antelope Valley, Davy 2502 ; hills
south of Antelope Valley, HaJl and Chandler 7392 ; Mohave River
district. Palmer 80; Mohave Desert, Parish 3740; Mohave Desert
near head of Cajon Pass, Parish 10911 (pods immature, but some as
much as 2 cm. long) ; Cajon Pass, Cooper, June 8, 1861; Rock Creek,
Mohave Desert, Davidson, July, 1893 ; Bryne 's Spring, San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Parish 3193. Pods strongly arcuate: Independence,
Inyo Count}", Bhine 655; sunny slopes, Argus Mountain, Piirpus 5465
(in U.S. Nat. Herb.), duplicate in U.C. Herbarium has pods curved
to form almost a circle.

Var. jepsonii Ottley n. var. Ascending ; flowers 1 to 2 in the leaf
axils, 9 to 12 mm. long; calyx teeth between 2 and 3 mm. long and
over one-half the length of the tube ; claws of petals scarcely exserted.
— Eastern part of the range of the species. Distribution Map 7. July.

Localities. — Kern River, near Little Kern Lake, Jepson 4921
(type) ; vicinity of Lloyd Meadow, Kern River, Dudley 798; Green-
horn Mountains, Purpus 5533; Trout Meadows, Tulare Comity,
Purpus 1856; gravellv ridges around Trout Meadows, Hall and Hall

8385.

References. — Lotus leucophyllus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p.
149. Hosackia sericea Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 17, 1837, p. 367,
type from California, Douglas in 1833. Syrmatium sericeum Greene,
Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1886 p. 147. Hosackia procumbens Greene,
loc. cit., vol. 1, 1885, p. 82, type loc, Tehachapi, Kern County, Curran.
Syrmatium procumbens Green, loc. cit., vol. 2, 1886, p. 147. Lotus
procumbens Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 149.

22. L. scoparius Ottley n. comb. (pi. 77, figs. 1-9). Suberect bushy
perennials, 4 to 12 dm. tall, with long virgate branches bearing sessile
umbels extending back from the tip for many centimeters ; stem hard,
green, striate, with stipular ridge prominent ; herbage glabrous except
at young growing ends of the stems ; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long ; leaflets 3
(4 or 5), acute, oblong or oblanceolate (oval) ; flowers 8 to 10 mm.
long; calyx teeth short-subulate; claws of petals exserted slightly
beyond calyx tube ; wings equal in length to the keel ; legumes falcate
to almost straight, extending far beyond the calyx, 1 or 2-seeded.

Common in the I'pper Sonoran of the western part of the state
and in the Sierra Nevada, so abundant in certain regions as to be
classed among the weeds. In the vicinity of Pasadena it often fills
vacant city lots. It varies much in size, in habit, and in abundance
of flowers. One mainland and several island varieties may easily be
distinguished. Distribution Map 8. February-October.

Localities. — On bluffs. South Fork, Eel River, Humboldt County,
Tracy 3801, 5048; Mendocino and IJkiah road, McMurphy 137; near
Clear Lake, Torrey in 1865 ; Healdsburg, Sonoma County, King, June,
1897; near St. Helena Sanitarium, Abrams 5770; Weldon Canon,
Solano County, Jepson, June 1, 1891 ; along Sonoma Creek at foot of
Mt. Hood, Heller 5111 ; Howell Mountain, Jepson, June, 1893 ; Buck-
eve Creek, Yolo Countv, Stinchfield 321; Bolinas Bav, Setchell, ]\Iareh
6^ 1896; Mt. Tamalpais, A'. Brandegee in 1905; Mill Valley, ^yalker

228 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

635; sand hills near San Francisco, C. Baker 2997; North Berkeley
Hills, ^yalker 608 ; Moraga Ridge, Ottley 773 ; Antioch, K. Brandegee,
May, 1907 ; San Leandro, Eastwood 4735 ; hills south of Niles Canon,
Ottley 752; Colma, Ehlers 269; near Orestimba, Stanislaus County,
Breiver 1278 (June 16, 1862) ; foothills west of Los Gatos. Santa
Clara Co.. Heller 7485 ; Big Sandy Creek, Fresno County, McDonald
in 1915; on Salinas road near Del Monte, Heller 6836; Monterey,
McLean, June, 1873; Carmel, Ottley 1262; near Jolon Ranch, Mon-
terey County, Breiver 581 ; San Luis Obispo County, Summers 284 ;
Templeton, Davy 7639 ; mesa slopes near Santa Barbara, Eastwood
144 ; Santa Ynez Mountains, near Santa Barbara, T. S. Brandegee in
1888 ; Santa Barbara County, Torrey 105 in 1865 ; Santa Monica
coast. Barber 374; Elysian Park, Los Angeles, Setchell, March 13,
1901 ; Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles County, Parish 11665 ; San Diego,
K. Brandegee, May, 1906 ; vicinity of San Diego, Spencer 90 ; Del
Mar, T. S. Brandegee, May 16, 1894; Riverside, Johnston 1236; near
Caliente, Kern County, Heller 7624; hills near Springville, Purpus
1314 ; Rawhide Hill, Tuolumne County, Williamson 111 ; Gwin Mine,
Calaveras County, Jepson, October 6, 1902; Calaveras Valley, K.
Brandegee ; AVest Point Bridge, Hansen 1811 (few flowers) ; Amador
County, Hansen in 1892. Calyx teeth triangular with a prominent
vein running through the center and ending in a subulate point :
Redondo, K. Brandegee, October, 1893 ; San Diego, T. S. Brandegee
1605; southern part of San Diego County, Palmer 58; Tia Juana,
Abrams 3469 ; Playa del Rey, Abrams 2518. Calyx teeth linear, with
or without the prominent vein, over one-half the length of tube:
Witch Creek, San Diego Countv, Alderson in 1893 and April and
May, 1894.

Var. veatchii Ottley n. comb. Decumbent ; calyces, leaflets and
young stems silky-pubescent, with appressed hairs; leaflets oblanceo-
late, obtuse ; umbels nearly sessile ; flowers 1 to 1.2 cm. long, wings
longer than the keel ; calyx teeth short-triangular ; legume 2-seeded. —
Islands of Lower California and California. Distribution Map 8.

Localities. — San Miguel Island, Greene in 1886 (type of Syrmat-
ium patens Greene). Elide opposite Cedros Island, Veatch (type of
Hosackia veatchii Greene).

Var. dendroideus Ottley n. comb. Erect, 12 to 21 dm. high, more
woody than the species ; leaves larger, leaflets 3 or 4, oblong or
oblanceolate, 8 to 15 mm. long ; umbels short-peduncled ; flowers 1 to
1.2 cm. long ; fruit 2 or 3-seeded and longer than in the species. —
Insular. Distribution Map 8. January-August,

Localities. — Santa Cruz Island, Greene in 1886 (type of Syrmat-
ium dendroidenm Greene) ; Santa Cruz Island, Swain in 1919; Frey's
Harbor, NiedermUller, May, 1908, "bushj^ 2 ft. woody at base";
Santa Cruz Island, T. 8. Brandegee, April, 1888 ; Santa Cruz Island,
Franceschi in 1894; Santa Cruz Island, Greene, Julv and August,
1886; Santa Rosa Island, T. S. Brandegee, June, 1888; Santa Cata-
lina Island, Davidson 6 in 1891; Santa Catalina Island, Grant and
Wheeler, April 21-26, 1904; Avalon, Geo. B. Grant, March 29, 1900.

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 229

Var. traskiae Ottley n. comb. Erect ; umbels pedunculate with or
without a bract of one leaflet, few-flowered, more delicate looking than
those of the variety above; claM's of petals conspicuously exserted;
calyx teeth short subulate-triangular ; leaflets 5 to 9 mm. long,
oblanceolate, obtuse. — Insular, Distribution Map 8.

Locality. — Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, Trask in 1897.

Var. brevialatus Ottley n. var. (pi. 77, figs. 10-16). Flowers .8 to
1 cm. long ; banner short ; keel extending noticeably beyond the
wings, which curve upward tOAvard banner, — Southern California.
Distribution Map 8.

Localities. — Vicinity of San Diego, Spencer 92 ; San Diego, Stokes
in 1895; Jacumba, Ahrams 3652; Cuvamaca (Tallev's), Dunn, June,
1889; Reche Canon, Riverside County, Hall, May 15, 1900; Box
Caiion, below Blair Valley, east San Diego County, Jepson 8671 ; San
Antonio Caiion near Upland, Condit, June 1 ; vicinity of San Bernar-
dino, Parish, 4776; San Bernardino Vallev, Parish 7134; Claremont,
Chandler, May 11, 1897; Little Tujunga'Wash, Ottley 589 (type);
Los Angeles County, Barher July 8, 1898 (banner not short) ; Los
Angeles, E. D. Palmer, February, 1902 ; Augustine Ranch, Palomar,
Jepson 1558 ; Ca jon Canon, N. C. Wilson, June 25, 1893 ; vicinity of
Havilah, Kern County, F. Grinnell 296 (U.S. Nat. Herb.).

References.- — Lotus scoparius Ottley. Hosackia scoparia Nutt.
in T. and G. FL, vol, 1, 1838, p, 325. Syrmatium glahrum Vogel,
Linnaea, vol. 10, 1836, p. 591, type from California. Hosackia
glabra Torr., Bot. AVilkes Exp., 1874, p. 274, type loc. near San
Francisco. Lotus glahcr Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 148 (not of
Mill.). Hosackia crassi folia Nutt., loc. cit., type loc, dry hills near
the sea, Santa Barbara. //. glahra var. diffusa Grav, Proc. Acad.
Phila., vol. 15, 1863, p. 346. Lotus diffusus Heller, Cat. N. Am. PI.,
ed. 2, 1900, p. 7. Var. veatchii Ottley. Hosackia veatchii Greene,
Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 1, 1885, p. 83, type loc. at Elide, Lower
California, Veatch. Lotus veatchii Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 148.
Syrmatium patens Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 147,
type loc, San ]\Iiguel Island, Lower California. Var. dendroideus
Ottley. Syrmatium dendroideum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., loc. cit.,
p. 146, type loc, Santa Cruz Island. Lotus dendroideus Greene,
Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 148. Var. tra.skiae Ottley. Syrmatium traskiae
Eastw, (in herb.), Abrams, Fl, Los Angeles, 1917, p. 201, type loc.
Mosquito Harbor, San Clemente Island. Trask 287.

23. L. benthamii Greene (pi. 76, figs. 9-16). Suffrutescent per-
ennials, decumbent to suberect, with manj^ branches from the crown of
the woody root ; glabrous except on young herbage ; gland-like stipules
prominent ; leaves short ; leaflets oblong or cuneate-oblanceolate, 3 to 5
in number, 6 to 10 mm. long ; umbels many-flowered ; peduncles ex-
ceeding the leaves; bract (usually present) of 1 or 2 leaflets; flowers
8 to 10 mm. long ; calyx teeth subulate, arising abruptly from the tube,
recurved to nearly erect, lax, never stiffly erect as in L. scoparius;
wings slightly longer than the keel ; legumes falcate, 2-seeded, with
subulate beak nearly as long as the body.

Extending along the coast from Sonoma County south to San
Luis Obispo County. Distribution Map 8. April-October.

230 University of California Publicaiions in Botany [Vol. 10

LocaJifics. — Fort Ross, Sonoma County, Heller 6597 (calyx teeth
short-triangular) ; south slope, Montara Mountains, San Mateo
County. Dudley, March 17, 1900; Lighthouse Point near Pacific Grove,
Ahrams 5621, April 8, 1916 (type specimen for Syrmaiium ahramsi
Noddin MS.) ; Pescadero Ranch, Monterey County, Brewer 671, "fine
match for type of Hosackia cytisoides Benth. " Jepson '06, Herb.
Benth. ; Point Pietras, Greene, June 10, 1887 ; Pacific Grove in pine
Avoods, Ilcller 6816, distributed by Heller as //. sylvestris, "undoubted
Hosackia cytisoides" Jepson '06, Herb. Benth.; Pacific Grove along
the beach. Heller 6643 ; Seventeen-Mile Drive, Monterey, I. McGuire
in 1917 ; Monterey, Jepson, August 8, 1896 ; Monterey, Davy 7223 ;
Cypress Point, Monterey, Eastwood 74; sand dunes, Carmel, Clemens
in 1919; near Carmel Bav, Dudley, April 4, 1894; back of dunes at
Carmel, Hall 10065; Carmel, Ottleij 1247, 1251, 1289; Carmel Hill,
Davy 7525 ; Big Sur, Davy 7445 ; Little Sur, Davy 7873 ; Lucia, Hall
9984; near Gorda, K. Brandegee, June 11, 1909; San Simeon, K.
Brandcgee, June, 1888; Mill Creek, Santa Lucia Mountains, Jepson
2611; Santa Lucia Mountains, Jepson 1667, "good match for type"
(Hosackia cytisoides Benth.), Jepson '06, Herb. Benth.; Big Creek,
Santa Lucia Mountains, K. Brandegee.

References. — Lotus benthami Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 148.
Hosackia cytisoides Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 17, 1837, p. 366,
type from California, Douglas. Syrmatium cytisoides Greene, Bull.
Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 147. Hosackia cytisoides var. ruhescens
Nutt. in T. and G. Fl., vol. 1, 1838, p. 324, type loc. near Santa
Barbara.

24. L. haydonii Greene (pi. 78, figs. 1-6). Low thickly-branched
perennials with leaves and flowers reduced in size and number until
the plant seems to be little more than a mass of slender stiff green
branches; few appressed hairs on the stem, somewhat more on the
growing tips and calyces; leaves ternate, the tiny leaflets borne on a
short petiole; leaflets elliptical, obtuse, 2.5 mm. long or less; flowers
solitary or occasionally in pairs, slightly over 5 mm. long ("2 mm."
according to Orcutt), borne on short peduncles; calyx one-half as
long as the flower, with broadly linear teeth shorter than the tube;
legume curved, 1-seeded, 5 mm. long ; seed slightly curved.

Range exceedingly limited. Reported only from Mountain Springs
and caiions in or near Colorado Desert, San Diego County. Dis-
tribution Map 8. April. Careful field observations of this species
should be made to determine whether or not it intergrades with L.
scoparius. The description given above is taken from Orcutt 's type
of Hosackia haydoni, but does not agree with Orcutt 's diagnosis as
to size of flower. Macbrides' diagnosis of L. spencerae does not differ
essentially from the description above and his type is clearly con-
specific with the specimens cited below.

Localities. — Colorado Desert canons, Orcutt, April, 1889 (type of
Hosackia haydoni Orcutt) ; stony desert slopes, Movintain Springs,
Colorado Desert, Spencer 561 (type of Lotus spencerae Macbr.) ;
Mountain Springs, San Diego County, Yalcntien; grade east of INIoun-
tain Springs, L. M. Newlon 369; Ilansen's Ranch, Baja California,
Orcutt (pod curved but not arcuate, resembling a short fruit of
L. scoparius).

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 231

References. — Lotus haydoni Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 149.
Hosackia haydoni Orcutt, West Am. Sci., vol. 6, 1889, p. 63, type
loc, canon leading into Colorado Desert, on the old stag'e line from
San Diego to Fort Yuma. Syrmatium haydoni Heller, Mulil., vol. 9,
1913, p. 67. Lotus spencerae Macbride, Contrib. Gray Herb., n.s.,
vol. 53, 1918, p. 13, type loc., stony slopes, Mountain Springs,
Colorado Desert, Spencer.

25. L. junceus Greene (pi. 78, figs. 7-14). Low brown much-
branched suffrutescent perennials, suberect to decumbent ; herbage
sparsely covered with short appressed hairs, becoming glabrate with
age ; leaflets 3 to 5, rounded-oblanceolate, not over 6 mm. long ; umbels
few and peduncled ; calyx teeth short-triangular, not at all subulate,
the midvein broad and inconspicuous ; legumes short, fat, and arcuate,
1 or 2-seeded.

Of infrequent occurrence on dry hills from Mt. Tamalpais south-
ward near the coast to San Luis Obispo. Distribution Map 8. April-
July. This species should not be confused with the form of L.
scoparius appearing in San Diego County, which has triangular
calyx teeth with a vein running through the center and ending in a
subulate point. The aspect of L. jimceus easily distinguishes it in
the field from L. scoparius with which it is occasionally found
growing.

Localities. — Mt. Tamalpais, K. Brandegee, May 2, 1905 ; Moraga
Ridge, Ottley 111 ; Moraga Pass, Davy 1895 ; Kings Mountain road,
San Mateo County, Randall 194; Big Basin, Santa Cruz County,
Pendleton in 1908 ; Carmel road near Monterey, Heller 6826 ; San
Luis Obispo, Brewer 475, "good match in technical characters for
type of Hosavl-ia juncea Benth. Type compact, broom-like, not so
tall," Jepson '06, Kew Herb.

Var. biolettii Ottley n. comb. (pi. 78, figs. 15-22), More decum-
bent, the stems more delicate and often wiry ; pubescence more
abundant ; peduncle usually exceeding the leaves and bearing a bract
of one leaflet. Distinguishable from delicate plants of L. henthamii
Greene by its terete arcuate fruit and its short-triangular calyx
teeth. — North Coast Ranges from Marin County to Mendocino County.
Distribution Map 8. May-July (October).

There is apparently no qualitative character to separate this
variety from L. junceus Greene unless the manner of growth be con-
sidered as such. The length of the peduncle and the presence or
absence of a bract can hardly be of specific value, as umbels with
or without a bract may occur on the same plant, while the length
of the peduncle is a variable character also. The pubescence is in
kind that of the species, only more abundant, and the amount varies
within the variety.

Localities. — Near Fort Bragg, Davy 6560 ; east of Fort Bragg,
Ottley 1513 ; Fort Bragg to Glen Blair, Eastwood 1697 ; Point Arena,
Davy and Blasdale 6021; Mt. Tamalpais, T. S. Brandegee, July 7,
1890; :\Iill Valley, K. Brandegee in 1913; Mill Valley, Bioletti, July,
1891; Mt. Tamalpais, Michener and Bioletti, May, 1893.

References. — Lotus junceus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 148.
Hosackia juncea Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 17, 1837, p. 366, type

232 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

from California, Douglas. Syrmatium jiinceum Greene, Bull. Calif.
Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 147. Var. biolettii Ottley. Lotus hiolettii
Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1892, p. 222, type loe., dry Vidges above Mill
Vallev, Marin Countv, Bioletti. Syrmatium hioletti Heller, Muhl.,
vol. 9, 1918, p. G7.

26. L. eriophorus Greene (pi. 79, figs. 1-9). Prostrate (ascend-
ing), miicli-branclied, forming a dense mat several decimeters in
diameter ; herbage, calyces, and fruits covered with a dense villous
pubescence, the hairs spreading out from the stem and giving the
ends of the branches a woolly appearance ; largest leaves on the main
branches often conspicuously larger than the others, sometimes attain-
ing a length of 2.5 em. ; leaflets 4 to 6, scattered, often one at the base
of the leaf, oblanceolate or obovate, acute and apiculate ; umbels 4 to
10-flowered ; bract of one leaflet ; peduncle very short to 5 mm. long ;
floAvers 5 to 7 mm. long; calyx slightly more than one-half the length
of the flower, with filiform teeth approaching the length of the tube ;
wings as long as or slightly longer than the keel; legumes fat, arcuate,
with a long incurved beak, indistinctly keeled, usually 2-seeded.

Near the coast from Sonoma County south to San Diego County.
Distribution ]\Iap 9. April-October.

Localities.- — Bodega Point, Sonoma County, Eastwood, June 9,
1899; Bolina^s Bay, Marin County, Cliemutl A\>t\\, 1891; Italian
Cemetery, San Francisco, Bioletti, June 22, 1892 ; south of life-saving
station, San Francisco, Jepson 2633; Point Lobos, Jepson, August 20,
1891; Lands End, San Francisco, Ottley 119, 131, 415, 428, 1221;
Big Trees, Santa Cruz County, K. Brandegee 16, 1889 (flower-
length of the variety) ; Pacific Grove, in pine woods. Heller 6630 ;
Pacific Grove, Chandler 346; Monterey, State Survey 635, "good
match for tyipe of Hosackia tomentosa Hook. & Arn. in Bentham
Herb. Pubescence of type is slightly more brownish or rusty ; leaflets
of type are mainly like the largest ones on this. ' ' Jepson '06 ; Seven-
teen-Mile Drive, Monterev, Noddin, October 10, 1915 ; Point Carmel,
Setchell, June 3, 1901 ;' Carmel, Ottley 1256, 1304; San Simeon,
Curran, June, 1888; Carlsbad, San Diego County, Street 1926
(pubescence of the variety) ; Mission Caiion near San Diego, Hall
3922; Palomar, T. S. Brandegee, August 1, 1898. The two specimens
cited below although within the range of the variet}- po.ssess the
pubescence and flowers of the type : Red Hill near Upland, San
Bernardino Countv, Johnston, Mav 6, 1917; Evev Canon, Johnston
1913.

Var. heermannii Ottley n. comb. (pi. 79, figs. 10-17). Pubescence
thinner, stems often glabrate; flowers smaller (3 to 5 mm. long);
legumes mostly 1-seeded. — Within the range of the species from Santa
Cruz County to San Diego County, extending eastward beyond the
species into San Bernardino and Riverside counties. Distribution
Map 9. April-November.

The typical varietal form appears at low altitudes in sandy washes
near the coast. As it passes inland to the higher altitudes, as in the
San Jacinto Mountains (Distribution Map 9), it approaches L.
douglasii Greene var. nevadensis in general appearance, but may be
distinguished from the latter by the spreading hairs of the young

1923] Ottlejj: A Eevision of the CaUfornian Species of Lotus 233

steins. There is no technical character separating L, heermannii
Greene from L. eriophorus Greene and the former, therefore, is con-
sidered by the writer but a variety of the latter, a variety with smaller
flowers and less pubescence. It is not always possible to distinguish
clearly between the species and the variety as occasionally small-
flowered plants appear to have the pubescence of the species and
large-flowered plants have the general aspect of the variety. The
limit of 5 mm. for length of flower in the variety is arbitrarily chosen
and holds true only in general.

Localities, — Soquel Creek, Santa Cruz County, Dudley, June 19,
1909; Soquel Canon, Jepson, June 20, 1896; Santa Cruz Mountains,
Jepson, June 19, 1896; Santa Margarita Valley, San Luis Obispo
County, SummerSy June 8, 1885; Coast Range north of San Luis
Obispo, Palmer 81; Oxnard, Ventura County, Davy 7632; Tujunga
Caiion, Los Angeles County, Ottley 692; Pocoima Cailon, Hitchcock
32 ; Arroyo Seco Canon, Los Angeles County, Geo. B. Grant, June 17,
1904; Inglewood, Los Angeles County, Ahrams 2486; Rivera, Braun-
ton 330; Balloona, Braunton, 440; Balloona marshes, Los Angeles
County, Chandler 2032; Santa Catalina Island, Geo. B. Grant 716;
Campo, San Diego County., T. S. Brandegee, June 17, 1904; Fish
Caiion, San Gabriel Mountains, Ottley 603, 612; San Gabriel
River Caiion, Ahrams 870, 2651; San Gabriel Wash, El Monte,
Ottley 660; Claremont, C. Baker, Augiist 2, 1903; Rock Creek,
desert slope of San Gabriel Mountains, Ahrams and McGregor 537 ;
North Fork, Lvtle Creek, San Antonio Mountains, Peirson 2283;
North Fork, Lytic Creek, Johnston 1657; Lytic Creek, Ottley 712;
Victorville, San Bernardino County, Parish 10577 ; Santa Ana River,
Parish 11366; Mill Creek Caiion, San Bernardino Mountains, Craiv-
ford 943; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4194; San Jacinto
River, Jepson 1255; San Jacinto Valley, Reinhardt, June, 1897;
Whitewater, Parish, 208; Temescal Canon, Riverside County, 3Iun2
2124 (flowers slightly over 5 mm. long) ; West Canon, Palm Springs,
Copeland, May, 1904; Palm Canon, F. M. Feed 3874; Palm Caiion
to Vandeventer 's, Jepson 1362; Coyote Caiion, Colorado Desert, Hall
2825; Nuevo-Ramona, T. S. Brandegee, May 19, 1894; Cuyamaca,
K. Brandegee, July 16, 1906; Jamuel Valley, San Diego County,
Palmer 59 ; San Diego, K. Brandegee, June 5, 1894 ; Granite, vicinity
of San Diego, Spencer 93 ; Jacumba, Mnnz 1671 ; Tia Juana, Ahrams
3505. Specimens suggesting L. douglasii Greene var. nevadensis:
In open pine forests in vicinity of Strawberry Valley (alt. 5200-
6000 ft.), San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2379; Strawberry Valley,
San Jacinto Mountains, Geo. B. Grant, August, 1901; Strawberry
Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, Jepson 2287; Shingle Valley, in
partially exposed places (alt. 4400 ft.). Hall 2022b and 2022a ; San
Jacinto Mountains, south side in shade, chaparral belt (alt. 4000 ft.).
Hall 2021; San Jacinto Mountains (alt. 6000 ft.). Hall in 1897.

References. — Lotus eriophorus Greene, Erythea, vol. 1, 1893, p.
207. Syrmatium eriophorum Heller, Muhl., vol. 9, 1913, p. 67.
Hosackia tomentosa Hook. & Am., Bot. Beech., 1832, p. 137, type
from California. Syrmatium tomentosum Vogel, Linnaea, vol. 10,
1836, p. 591. Lotus tomentosus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 150.
Var, HEERMANNII Ottley, Hosackia heermannii Dur, & Hilg, in Jour.

234 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

Acad. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 3, 1854, p. 39, type loc, Tejon Pass, Heer-
mann. H. heermanni Diir. & nil{2r., Pac. R.R. Rep., vol. 5, part 3,
1855, p. 6, pi. 4. Syrmatium heermanni Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad.,
vol. 2, 1886, p. 148. Lotus heermanni Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 150.

27. L. douglasii Greene (pi. 80, figs. 1-8). Perennials with long
(4 dm.) decumbent branches, long internodes, and peduncled umbels
extending along the stems ; stems clothed with short appressed hairs ;
leaves and calyces with a somewhat looser pubescence ; largest leaves
2 to 3 cm. long ; leaflets 4 or 5, oblanceolate or obovate, usually acute ;
umbels several-flowered, the bract when present of one or more
leaflets ; flowers 10 to 12 mm. long ; calyx teeth linear-subulate, villous,
equal in length to the tube ; blade of the banner oblong, wings oblong,
noticeably surpassing the keel ; legumes arcuate, extending well
beyond the calyx, canescent, keeled, and attenuately beaked.

Northern California north to Washington and Idaho. Sonoran
and Transition. Distribution Map 9. May-July. Reaches its typical
condition in the states north of California. In northern California
it becomes somewhat reduced, with leaves less than 2 cm. long, flowers
8 to 12 mm. long, and calyx teeth equal in length to the tube or
shorter. In Humboldt, Siskiyou, Trinity, and Lake counties it passes
into the variety congestus ; in the northern Sierra Nevada, into the
variety nevadensis (Distribution Map 9).

Localities. — Washington : West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June
16, 1883; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller and Heller 4047.
Idaho: Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation, Heller 551 (Sandberg
Exped.), "very near type of Hosackla decumhens Benth. " Jepson "06,
Kew Herb. Oregon: sandy, stony forest of Black Butte, Cusick
2679 ; dry gravelly prairies, Hood River, Henderson, flowers June 21,
fruits September 6, 1896; Badger Creek, Wilson, July, 1893. Cali-
fornia : Scott River Valley, Gilbert, June-July, 1899 ; near Yreka,
Butler 111 ; dry banks near Yreka, Butler 1441 ; Yreka, Siskiyou
County, Heller 8000; Sisson, K. Brandegee, July, 1887; Goose Valley,
Shasta County, Baker and Nutting, May 26, 1894; lava beds, north-
eastern Shasta County, Hall and Bahcock 4238 ; rocky ridge of Big
Valley, Lassen County, M. S. Baker, July 3, 1893; Susanville, T. S.
Brandegee, July 2, 1892; Sierra County, Lemmon 59 in 1875
(approaches var. nevadensis).

Var. nevadensis Ottley n. comb. (pi. 80, figs. 9-16). Perennials
(flowering the first season), prostrate, with wiry branches; pubescence
always appressed; leaves 1 to 1.5 cm. long; peduncles shorter than
in the species ; flowers 4 to 7 mm. long ; calyx teeth typically not more
than half the length of the tube ; wings equaling or exceeding the keel
in length ; keel not beaked, the upper margin almost a straight line.

Occurring sparingly in northern California but abundant in the
Transition of the Sierra Nevada, and of occasional occurrence in the
mountains of southern California. Also in Nevada. DLstribution
Map 9. May-Avigust. In southern California its place is largely
taken by Ij. davidsonii Greene and L. argophyllus Greene var. decorus.
In the San Jacinto Mountains it is scarcely distinguishable from L.
eriophorus Greene var. hcermannii. It appears in San Diego Coiuity,
though hardly in its typical condition.

1923] Ottleij: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 235

Localities. — Dietz Station near Black Butte, Siskiyou County,
Heller 11711 ; Upton, Siskij'ou County, Jepson; Lassen Peak, Plumas
County, Austin 460 ; grade between Genessee Valley and Summit,
Plumas County, Heller and Kennedy 8865 ; Butte Meadows, Butte
County, Heller 12828; Bear Valley, Nevada County, Jepson, July,
1898 ; Boca, Curran in 1885 ; Summit — Soda Springs, Kennedy and
Doten 249 ; south of Donner Lake, Heller 6950 ; meadow along Truckee
Kiver, Sonne 64 ; about Lake Tahoe, Geo. B. Grant 6980 ; Emerald
Bay, El Dorado County, Ottley 1188; Cascade Lake, Ottley 1195;
near Myers, Ottley 959, 976; Wiley's, Amador County, K. Brandegee,
July 1886; Lake Merced, Merced River, Jepson 3196 (erect, 15 cm.
high, with many branches); Calaveras Big Trees, Dudley in 1906;
Kenned}' Meadow, Tuolumne County, A. L. Grant 916; Crocker's,
Mariposa County, Blasdale, May 22, 1895; Camp Awahnee, Yosemite
Valley, Hall 9150; Alder Creek Trail, Yosemite Park, Jepson 4322;
Hazel Green to Big Meadows, Coulterville trail to Yosemite. Jepson,
July 6, 1896; Pine Ridge, Fresno County, Hall and Chandler 174:
Kings River Caiion, Jepson, 774 ; Kings River Canon, Ottley 1492 ;
Granite Creek, Fresno County, Coville and Funston 1838 ; Old Colony
Mill, K. Brandegee, July 27, 1905 ; North Fork, Kaweah River, Dudley
1400; South Fork, Kaweah River, CuTbertson 4514; head of Kern
River, Soda Creek, Dudley 1959 ; Kern River, Tulare County, Dudley
667; Middle Tule River, Purpus in 1885; Cannell Meadows, Tulare
County, Hall and Bahcock 5123 ; Greenhorn Range, Kern County,
Hall and Bahcock 5061 (not typical, many of the leaves over 2 cm.
long, peduncles long as in the species) ; Eaton Caiion, San Gabriel
Mountains, Ottley 540 ; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains,
Jepson 2287, 2288 ; vicinity of Deer Springs, San Jacinto Mountains,
Hall 2337 ; between Julian and Cuyamaca, San Diego County, Ahrams
3963. In the following plants the pubescence suggests that of L.
davidsonii, but the flowers resemble those of the variety under con-
sideration : San Jacinto River Caiion, growing in the river sand. Street
and Durant, May 12, 1918; Cuyamaca, T. S. Brandegee, July 7, 1894;
Cuyamaca Peak (alt. 4000 ft.), Reed, June 29, 1897; Laguna, San
Diego County, Cleveland 408, July 6, 1885 ; Laguna, Mearns 3524.

Var. congestus Ottley n. nom. Branches shorter than in the species,
15 to 20 cm. long ; internodes short ; umbels dense and confined to the
ends of the branches ; villous pubescence more marked ; leaflets
elliptical, acute at both ends. — Appearing in some of the northwestern
counties of the state, in the Sonoran. Distribution Map 9. May-July.
Specimen from Crook County, Oregon, Ferris and Duthie 565, tends
toward this variety in general aspect.

Localities. — Tunis Mill, Lake County, T. S. Brandegee; Snow
Mountain, Lake County, T. S. Brandegee, June 24; Mt. Sanhedrin,
Lake County, Hall 9523; Mt. Sanhedrin, Heller 5916; mountain
slopes along road between Three Creeks and mouth of Willow Creek,
Humboldt County, Tracy 3358 ; Three Creeks to Willow Creek, Jepson
1979 {Lotus incanus Dougl. according to Jepson '06, Kew Herb.)
northwest slope of Buck Mountain, Humboldt County, Tracy 2913
Pilot Ridge, Humboldt County, Chesnut and Drew, July 19, 1888
a duplicate (does not have the umbels dense or congested at the ends

236 TJniversity of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. lO

of the branches) ; Klamath "River, ITiimboldt County, Chandler 14.S7 ;
north of Weaverville, Trinity County, Yates 300 ; Siskiyou County,
Rattan in 1879.

References. — Lotus douglasii Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 149.
Hosackia decumhens Benth. in Lindl. Bot. Reg;., vol. 15, 1H29, under
t. 1257, type from northAvest coast of America, Douylas. Var.
NEVADENSis Ottlev. Hosackia decuml)ens var. (?)nevadensis Wats.,
Bot. Calif., vol. i, 1876, p. 138. According^ to Watson, loc. cit., H.
heermannii of Anderson, Cat. Nev. P'l., 1870(?), p. 119 and H. heer-
mannii, in part, of Wats. Bot. King. vol. 5, 1871, p. 63. Syrmatium
nevadense Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 148. Lotus
nevadensis Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 149. Hosackia nevadensis
Parish, Plant World, vol. 20, 1917, p. 220. Var. congestus Ottley.
Lotus incanus Dougl., MSS in Hook., Fl. Bor. Am., vol. 1, 1833, p. 134,

28. L. argophyllns Greene (pi. 81, figs. 1-8). Silvery-canescent
siTffrutescent perennials, with a close tomentum, usually extending
from tip to base of the long slender decumbent branches ; pubescence
of leaves and calyces longer, denser, and more silky ; leaves 8 to 15 mm.
long, with the 3 to 5 roundish obovate leaflets borne close to the stems;
the dense, nearly sessile (as a rule) umbels reaching back along the
branches for some distance ; bract of one leaflet usually present ;
pedicels short, hidden by the pubescence ; flowers 8 to 10 mm. long ;
calyx teeth filiform, about one-half the length of the tube, obscured
by the hairs ; claws of petals not exserted beyond calyx tube, relative
lengths of claws and blades variable (the short blades and long claws
figured by Miss Eastwood for this species in contrast with her pro-
posed species, Hosackia venusta, are found not to be the typical con-
dition) ; ovarj' with 2 to 4 ovules, in fruit keeled (as a rule), attenu-
atelj^ beaked, short, extending but a slight distance beyond the calyx
and containing but one seed; seeds mottled, smooth, curved-oblong.

A highly variable species extending south and east from ]\Ionterey
County in the Lower and Upper Sonoran. March-July, Varieties
occur in the Sierra Nevada, in the mountains of southern California,
and on the islands west of the state and of Lower California. Dis-
tribution Map 10. When the type approaches L. davidsoyiii Greene
in appearance it may be distinguished from the latter by the straight
hairs on the leaves and calyces.

Localities. — Limekiln Creek, Monterey County, Hall 10000 (petal
claws long) ; Point 8ur, T. S. Brandegee, July, 1888 ; Big Sur, Davy
7429 ; Ventana Cone, Little Sur, Davy 7388 ; near Cahuenga Pass. Los
Angeles County, i)ui)ils of Los Angeles High School, June, 1904
(leaves and inflorescence resembling those of var. ornithopus) ; War-
ner's Springs, A. L. Combs; Witch Creek, Alderson, April, 1894;
Ramona, T. S. Brandegee, April 3, 1894; Julian, T. S. Brandegee,
June 14, 1894; near Foster, Hall 3884; near Campo, Abrams 3604;
Descanso, Eastwood 9083 ; San Diego, Cleveland; Cuyamaca, T. S.
Brandegee, June 3, 1896; vicinity of San Diego, Spencer 89; Win-
chester, Riverside County, Hall 423; vicinity of Sage, Riverside
County, Hall 2899; El Toro Mountain, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall
1169 (calyx teeth long) ; Box Springs Mountain, Zumbro, April 10,
1902; San Bernardino, Parish Bros. 403; Erskine Creek, Purpus

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 237

5052; part of Kellogg 's type of Hosackia argentea; Kaweah Kiver,
eighteen miles east of Yisalia, WooJsey, March 20, 1898 ; Hot Springs,
Eastwood 2617 ; Bear Creek, Tulare County, Purj^us 1711 ; Toll House,
Fresno County, Hall and Chandler 46.

Var. fremontii Ottley n, comb. (pi. 81, figs. 9-14). Umbels dense
and confined to the ends of the branches, giving them a top-hea^y
appearance ; calyx teeth filiform, as long as the tube and obscured by
the dense matted hairs ; blade of banner shorter than its claw ; leaves
slightly longer than those of the species, leaflets broadly oblanceolate
or obovate to elliptical, acute. — Sierra Nevada from Placer County
to Mariposa County. Also possibly occurring in the Santa Lucia
Mountains on the western coast. May-July.

Localities. — Hite's Cove road, Mariposa Countv, Congdon, May
29, 1898; Yosemite Valley, Chesmit and Drew] July 16, 1889;
Yosemite, Parrij; Sweetwater Creek, El Dorado County, Simpson,
June, 1907 ; ridge above Bear Valley, Placer County, Jones; New-
castle, Mackie, April-May, 1904; Colfax, Jones 3338; Cape Horn,
Essig, June 17, 1916 ("erect, bushy") ; Cape Horn, J. P. Moore;
Santa Lucia Mountains, Jepson 1654.

Var. decorus Ottley n. comb. (pi. 81, figs. 15-22). Herbage
glistening satiny-canescent throughout or at tips of branches only ;
plants prostrate, forming dense mats covered with the yellow flowers
which turn pinkish purple with age ; banner blade oblong, longer than
the claw ; umbels peduncled and pedicels more evident than in the
species. Mostly in the Upper Sonoran of the mountains of southern
California. April-July.

Localities. — Little Tujunga Wash, Los Angeles County, Ottley
565 ; Tujunga Canon, Ottley 697 ; Mt. Lowe, Geo. B. Grant, Mav 23,
1901 ; Old AYilson Trail, Geo. B. Grant, April 1, 1898 ; Old Wilson
Trail, Brown in 1894; Mt. Wilson, Ottley 655; Little Santa Anita
Canon, Geo. B. Grant, May 27, 1902; Evey Canon, Johnston, May 6,
1917; Day Cafion, San Antonio Mountains, Johnston 1737; Cascade
Cafion, San Antonio Mountains, Johnston 1278 (type of Hosackia
argophylla var. decora Johnston) ; mouth of Cucamonga Canon, San
Antonio Mountains, Johnston 2111 ; Lytle Creek, San Antonio Moun-
tains, Ottley 701 ; Bear Caiion, tributary San Antonio River, Peirson,
May 28, 1920; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4389; San Ber-
nardino, Parish Bros., June, 1884 ; Glen Martain, San Bernardino
Mountains, Crawford 922; Waterman Caiion, Parish 11392; Devil's
Canon, San Bernardino Mountains, Munz, 2789; Dark Caiion road,
San Bernardino Mountains, Munz, Street and Williams 2802; southern
slope of San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 7115 ; San Bernardino
Mountains, Parish Bros., June, 1888.

Var. niveus Ottley n. comb. (pi. 82, figs. 1-11). Stems woody and
stocky, characterized by short internodes and raised leaf scars at
base, otherwise much as in variety fremontii. — Santa Cruz and San
Clemente islands.

Ijocalities. — Santa Cruz Island, Greene in 1886 ; Santa Cruz Island,
T. S. Brandegee in 1888; San Clemente Island. T. S. Brandegee,
August 25, 1894.

238 Universitij of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

Var. ornithopus Ottley n. comb. (pi. 82, figs. 12 and L3). Erect
(according to Greene), less pubescent than the others, the herbage
somewhat silky, the stem becoming glabrate ; leaves 7 mm. to 1.9 cm,
long; leaflets mostly 4 or 5 (3 to 7), 6 to 12 mm. long, oblanceolate to
oblong, acute; umbels long-peduncled, extending along the branches;
legumes conspicuously exserted beyond the calyx and curved upward.
2-seeded, otherwise much as var. frcmontH. — Islands off the coast of
southern California. April- June.

Localities. — Guadalupe Island, Greene in 1885 (type of Ilosackia
ornithopus); Guadalupe Island, Palmer 853; Santa Catalina Island,
Cox, March 31, 190S; Davidson 5; Jepson 3066; Condit 12; Grant and
Wlxeeler, April 21-26, 1904; K. Branclegee, May, 1889; Trask, May,
1896; San Nicholas Island, Trask, April, 1897 (type of Eastwood's
Hosackia venusta) ; Santa Barbara Island, Trask.

References. — Lotus argophyllus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2. 1890, p.
149. Hosackia argophylJa Gray, Mem. Am. Acad, n.s., vol. 5, 1854,
p. 316, tj'pe loc, San Isabel, May, 1852. Syrmatium argophyllum
Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 147. Hosackia argentea
Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad., vol, 3, 1863, p. 38, pi. 8, type loc, Kern
Kiver, Hutchings. Var. fremontii Ottley. Hosackia argophylla var,
f fremonti Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila., vol. 15, 1863, p. 347. Lotus
fremonti Heller, Cat. N. Am. PI., ed. 2, 1900, p. 7. Syrmatium
fremontii Heller, Muhl., vol. 9, 1913, p. 67. Var. decorus Ottley.
Hosackia argophylla var. decora Johnston, Bull. S. Calif. Acad., vol.
17, part 2, 1918, p. 63, type loc. Cascade Caiion, Fork of San Antonio
Caiion. Var. niveus Ottley. Syrmatium niveum Greene, Bull. Calif.
Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 148, type loc, Santa Cruz Island, Greene. Lotus
niveus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1890, p. 148. Var. ornithopus Ottley.
Hosackia ornithopus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad., vol. 1, 1885, p. 185,
type loc. Guadalupe Island. Syrmatium ornithopum Greene, Bull.
Calif. Acad., vol. 2, 1886, p. 148. Lotus ornithopus Greene, Pitt.,
vol. 2, 1890, p. 149. Hosackia venusta Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad.,
ser. 3, vol. 1, 1898, p. 103, pi. 8, type loc, San Nicholas Island, Trask.
Lotus venustus Heller, Cat. N. A. PI., ed. 2, 1900. p. 7,

29. L. davldsonii Greene (pi. 82, figs. 14-21), A species closely
resembling L. douglasii Greene var. nevadensis on the one side and
L. argophyllus Greene var. decorus on the other, but always differing
from either in the character of its corolla. Herbage either silvery or
bluish-green ; flowers 5 to 8 mm. long ; calyx teeth linear-subulate,
one-half as long as the tube or approaching it in length ; the short
obovate banner blade erect, making a right angle with the wings, or
reflexed ; keel slightly angled on its upper surface.

Pine belt of the mountains of southern California. Distribution
Map 10. May-August.

Localities. — Griffins, Mt. Pinos, Elmer 3977; Mt. Pinos, North
Creek (alt. 6700 ft.), Ventura County, Hall 6537; Mt. Gleason Sum-
mit, southern California, Barber 260; Mt. Wilson, Davidson, August,
1892 (type of Lotus sulphureus Greene) ; Mt. Wilson, Geo. B. Grant,
June 16, 1906 and June 10, 1907; Mt. Wilson, Abrams 1880; Sierra
Madre trail, Mt. Wilson, Abrayns 2604; Kelly's cabin, Ontario Peak,
San Antonio Mountains, Johnston 1552; Baldy Lookout, Johnston

1923] Ottley: A Revision of the Calif ornian Species of Lotus 239

1258; south slope of Baldy, San Antonio Mountains, Johnston 1423;
head of Soutli Fork, Lytle Creek, San Antonio Mountains, Johnston
1458 ; San Antonio Mountains, Hall 289 ; Ontario Ridge, Peirson 96 ;
Swartout Canon, San Antonio Mountains, Hall 1253, 1519 ; Glen
Martain, San Bernardino Mountains, Smith 14; above Seven Oaks,
Crawford 936; Dry Lake (alt. 9100 ft.). Hall 7612; Bear Valley, Hall,
July, 1899 ; between Bear Valley and Bluff Lake, Hall, June 28, 1899 ;
Little Green Valley, Geo. Hall 33 ; Fredalba, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, 3Imiz and Johnston 2898; Bear Valley, Edwards, June 1, 1916;
Little Bear Valley, Parish 1406; Pine Crest, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Munz, Street and Williams 2814.

Beferences. — Lotus davidsonii Greene, Erythea, vol. 1, 1893, p,
207. L. sulphureus Greene, Pitt., vol. 2, 1892, p. 293, type loc,
Wilson's Peak, Los Angeles Countv, Davidson. Sijrmatium david-
sonii Heller, Muhl., vol. 9, 1913, p. 67.

LITERATURE CITED
Bentham, G.

1829. Lindley's Botany Eegister, vol. 15, table 1257.

1837. Observations on tha Genus Hosaclia and the American Loti. Trans.
Linn. Soc, vol. 17, pp. 363-368.

Bentham, G., and Hooker, J. D.

1865. Genera Plantarimi, vol. 1, part 2, pp. 488-491.

Gray, A.

1863. Synopsis of the Species of Hosackia. Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila.,
vol. 15, pp. 346-352.

Greene, E. L.

1890. Enumeration of the North American Loti. Pittonia, vol. 2, pp. 133-
150.

Hooker, W. J.

1829. Botanical Magazine, vol. 56, table 2913.

Taubeet, p.

1894. Engler, A., and Prantl, K., Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Teil 3,
Abt. 3, pp. 254-258.

Watson, S.

1876. In Brewer, W. H., Watson, S., and Gray, A., Botany of California,
vol. 1, pp. 133-139.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE8

PLATE 61

L. incanus Greene

Fig. 1. Habit. X 1.

Fig. 2. Cluster of fruits. X 1.

Fig. 3. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 4-8. Dissected flower. X 4.

[240 I

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 61

PLATE 62

L. stijmlaris Greene

Fig. 1. Habit. X 1.

Fig. 2. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 3-7. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 8. Seed. X 4.

[242]

UNIV, CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 62

PLATE 63
L. stipularis Greene
Fig. 1. Cluster of fruits. X 1.

L. stipularis Greene var. subglaber

rig. 2. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 3-7. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 8. Seeds. X 4.

[244]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL, BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 63

PLATE 64

L. crassifolius Greeue

Fig. 1. Habit. X 1.

Fig. 2. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 3-5. Dissected corolla. X 4.

[246]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 64

PLATE 65

L. crassifolius C4reene

Fig. 1. Cluster of fruits. X 1.

Calyx sliOAviug calyx teeth slightly larger

than the typical condition. X 4.
Calyx with the short-subulate teeth. X 4.
Pistil. X 4.
Seed. X 4.

Fig.

2

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

[248]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 65

PLATE 66

L. pinnatus Hook.

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X -4.

L. forrnosissimus Greene

Fig. 7. Flower. X -i.

Figs. 8-12. Dissected flower. X 4,

Fig. 1.3. Seed. X 4.

[2.50]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 66

PLATE 67

L. oblongifolius Greeue var. torreyi

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 7. Seed. X 4.

[252]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 67

PLATE 68
L. grandiflorus Greene
Fig. 1. Habit. X 1.

L. grandiflorus Greene var. mutahilis

Fig. 2. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 3-.5. Dissected corolla. X -1.

Fig. 6. Pistil. X 4.

[254]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 68

PLATE 69
L. grandiflorus Greene var. mutahilis
Fig. 1. Calyx. X 4.

L. rigidus Greene

Fig. 2. FloAver. X 4.

Figs. 3-7. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 8. Seed. X 4.

[256]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL, 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 69

PLATE 70

L. xorigMii Greene

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

L. wriglitii Greene var. muUicaulis

Fig. 7. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 8-12. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 13. Seed. X 4.

L. argyracus Greene

Fig. 14. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 15-19. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 20. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 21. Seed from same plant as fig. 20 (collection

Parish 3097).
Fig. 22. Seed from another plant (collection Hall

2140).

[25S]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 70

PLATE 71

L. strigosus Greene

Fig. 1. Flower of the large-flowered form. X 4.
Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.
Fig. 7. Flower of the small-flowered form. X 4.
Fig. 8. Surface view of seed of small-flowered form. X 4.
Fig. 9. Cross-section of seed of small-flowered form. X 4.
Fig. 10. Surface view of seed of small-flowered form. X 4.
Fig. 11. Cross-section of seed of small-flowered form. X 4.
Fig. 12. Side and end views of seed of L. strigosus Greene
var. hirtellus. X 4.

L. tomentellus Greene

Fig. 13. Habit. X 1.

Fig. 14. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 15-19. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 20. Seed. X 4.

[260]

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>

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PLATE 72

L. salsuginosus Greene

Fig. 1. Habit. X 1.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 7. Seed. X 4.

[262]

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R

PLATE 73

L. salsuginosus Greene

Fig. 1. Flower. X -4.

L. salsugmosus Greene var. brevivexillus

Fig. 2. Flower. X -i.

Figs. 3-7. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 8. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 9. Seed. X 4.

L. micrantlius Benth.

Fig. 10. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 11-15. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 16. Seeds. X 4.

[264]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY] PLATE 73

O

o

WiY/

■iSL

^llJ

11

;y'

15

c:

12

''0

14

13

PLATE 74
L. amcricanus Biscli.

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-0. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 7. Seed. X 4.

L. denticulatus Greene

Fig. 8. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 9-13. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 14. Seed. X 4.

L. suhpinnatus Lag.

Fig. 15. Flower. X 4.

Figs. lG-19. Dissected flower (banner omitted). X 4.

Fig. 20. Seeds. X 4.

L. Immistratus Greene

Fig. 21. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 22-26. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 27. Seeds. X 4.

[260]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[OTTLEY] PLATE 74

PLATE 75

L. nuttallianus Greene

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 7. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 8. Seed. X 4.

L. hamatus Greene

Fig. 9. Habit. X 1.

Fig. 10. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 11-15. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 16. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 17. Seeds. X 4.

[268]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 75

PLATE 76

L. leucophyllus Greene

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 7. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 8. Seeds. X 4.

L. 'bentliamu Greene

Fig. 9. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 10-14. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 15. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 16. Seeds. X 4.

[270]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 76

12

14

15

16

PLATE 77
L. scoparius

Fig. 1. Habit. X 1.

Fig. 2. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 3-7. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 8. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 9. Seed. X 4.

L. scoparius var. hrevialatus

Fig. 10. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 11-15. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 16. Bud with banner removed. X 4.

[272]

UNIV. CALIF, PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 77

.MJUUf

15

PLATE 78

L. liavdonii Greene

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

^t?'

L. junceus Greene

Fig. 7. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 8-12. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 13. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 14. Seed. X 4.

L. junceus Greene var. iiolettii

Fig. 15. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 16-20. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 21. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 22. Seed. X 4.

[274]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 78

iMV?

20

Q^^

16

22

PLATE 79

L. eriophorus Greene

Fig. 1. Habit. X 1.

Fig. 2. FJower. X 4.

Figs. 3-7. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 8. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 9. Seed. X 4.

L. eriophorus Greene var. liecrmannii

Fig. 10. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 11-15. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 16. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 17. Seed. X 4.

[276]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. EOT, VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY] PLATE 79

PLATE 80

L. douglasii Greene

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 7. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 8. Seed. X 4.

L. douglasii Greene var. nevadensis

Fig. 9. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 10-14. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 15. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 16. Seed. X 4.

[278]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] PLATE 80

^

S3/^ ,2

16

PLATE 81

L. argophyllus Greene

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 2-6. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 7. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 8. Seed. X 4.

L. argophyllus Greene var. fremontU

Fig. 9. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 10-14. Dissected flower. X 4.

L. argopltyllus Greene var. decorus

Fig. 15. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 16-20. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 21. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 22. Seed. X 4.

[280]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL, BOT. VOL, 10

[OTTLEY] PLATE 81

<3>

PLATE 82
L. argophyllus Greene var. niveus

Fig. 1. Flower. X 4.

Fig. 2. Calyx. X 4.

Fig. 3. Banner. X 4.

Fig. 4. Keel. X 4.

Fig. 5. Pistil. X 4,

Fig. 6. Older flower, corolla persistent witli the fruit. X 4.

Figs. 7-11. The older flower dissected. X 4.

L. argopliyllus Greene var. ornitliopus

Fig. 12. Fruit. X 4.
Fig. 13. Seeds. X 4.

L. davidsonii Greene

Fig. 14. Flower. X 4.

Figs. 15-19. Dissected flower. X 4.

Fig. 20. Fruit. X 4.

Fig. 21. Reed. X 4.

[282]

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[ OTTLEY 1 PLATE 82

21

DISTRIBUTION MAP 1

Lotus incanus Greene

Lotus sti-pularis Greene

Lotus stipularis Greene var. suhglaber

Lotus crassifolius Greene

[284]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[OTTLEYl MAP 1

DISTRIBUTION MAP 2

0 Lotus pinnatus Hook.

9 Lotus formosissimus Greene

^ Lotus ohl on gif alius Greene

^ Lotus oblongifolius Greene var. torreyi

^ Lotus olilongifolius Greene var. cupreus

[286]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY J MAP 2

DISTRIBUTION MAP 3

0 Lotus grandiflorus Greene

^ Lotus f/randiflorus Greene var. mutabilis

^ Lotus rigidus Greene

4k Lotus wrightii Greene var. multicdulis

© Lotus argyraeus Greene

[288]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX, VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] MAP 3

Dlfr^TEIBUTION MAP -i

m Lotus strigosus Greene

^ Lotus strigosus Greene var. liirtellus

# Lotus tomentellus Greene

(9 Lotus salsuginosvs Greene

^ Lotus salsuginosus Greene var. brevivcxillus

A Lotus micrantlms Benth.

[290]

UNIV. CALIF, PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] MAP 4

DISTRIBUTION MAP 5

0 Lotus amcricanus Biscli.

^ Lotus americanus Biseh. var. ininutiflorns

[292]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY J MAP 5

DISTRIBUTION MAP 6

^ Lotus denticulatus Greene

# Lotus subpinnatus Lag.

# Lotus humistratus Greene

[294]

UNIV, CALIF, PUBL. BOT. VOL, 10

[ OTTLEY 1 MAP 6

DISTRIBUTION MAP 7

Lotus nuttallianus Greene

Lotus Jiamaius Greene

Lotus leucophyllus Greene

Lotus leucophyllus Greene var. jepsonii

[296]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL, 10

[ OTTLEY ] MAP 7

DISTRIBUTION MAP 8

^ Lotus scoparius

^ Lotus scoi)arius var. dendroidcus

J(t Lotus scoparius var. brevialatus

^ Lotus scoparius var. trasMae

( Lotus scoparius var. veatcMi

% Lotus henthamii Greene

# Lotus liaydonii Greene

0. Lotus junceus Greene

▲ Lotus junceus Greene var. hiolettii

[298]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY ] MAP 8

DISTETBUTION MAP 9

0 Lotus erinphorus Greene

4k Lotus cricpliorus Greene var. Jieermannii

0 Lotus douglasii Greene

A Lotus douglasii Greene var. nevadensis

•^ Lotus douglasii Greene var. congestus

[300]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ OTTLEY 1 MAP 9

DISTEIBUTION MAP 10

^ Lotus argoi)liyllus Greene

4fk Lotus argophyllus Greene var. fremontii

J(t Lotus argophyllus Greene var. decorus

4 Lotus argophyllus Greene var. ornithopus

( Lotus argophyllus Greene var. niveus

A Lotus davidsonii Greene

[302]

UNIV, CALIF, PUBL. BOT. VOL, 10

[ OTTLEY ] MAP 10

INDEX TO SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTION MAPS

PAGE

Lotus americanus (map 5) 218

argophyllus (map 10) 236

argj-raeus (map 3) 212

benthamii (map 8) 229

crassifolius (map 1) 201

davidsonii (map 10) 238

denticulatus (map 6) 221

douglasii (map 9) 234

eriophonis (map 9) 232

formosissimus (map 2) 203

grandiflorus (map 3) 207

hamatus (map 7) 225

haydonii (map 8) 230

humistratus (map 6) 223

incanus (map 1) ■ 199

junceus (map 8) 231

leucophyllus (map 7) 226

micranthus (map 4) 217

nuttallianus (map 7) 225

oblongifolius (map 2), 204

pinnatus (map 2) 202

rigidus (map 3) 209

salsuginosus (map 4) 216

scoparius (map 8) 227

stipularis (map 1) -. 199

strigosus (map 4) 213

subpinnatus (map 6) 222

tomentellus (map 4) 215

wrightii (map 3) 210

[305!

NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF NEW
ZEALAND HEPATICAE

BY

WILLIAM HENRY PEARSON

University of California Publications in Botany
Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 307-370. plates 83-108^ S
Issued June 9, 1923

LIBRARY

WeW YORK

BOTANICAL

OARDE>>»

NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF NEW ZEALAND

HEPATICAE

BY

WILLIAM HENRY PEAESON

Since Archibald Menzies collected Hepaticae in New Zealand in
1791 (the specimens are in the Manchester Museum), a large number
of species have been added by various collectors and named by
Mitten, Stephani, Colenso, and other authorities. These are all
enumerated by Stephani in his Species Hepaticarum and Supplement
up to 1918. Colenso published as new a great many species in the
Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, most of which have been
examined by Stephani, and a revision of the same published in the
Journal of the Linnean Society for 1893. I have not been able to
find that any New Zealand Hepaticae have been published since 1918.

The present collection was made by Professor Setchell in 1904.
Although small, it contains some interesting species and its examin-
ation has afforded me much pleasure. There may be errors in
judgment, where I have not had the opportunity of comparing the
specimens with the original types, but I have been very fortunate
in being able to do so in many cases, for the Manchester Museum
is very rich in types of New Zealand species from the Carrington
and Spruce collections.

Although Stephani records many New Zealand species from Tas-
mania and Australia, he intimates in one of his notes that he is of
the opinion that the Hepatic Flora of New Zealand is almost endemic,
and with this opinion I agree.

The type specimens of all species described as new are deposited
in the Herbarium of the University of California and duplicates of
the same, as far as the specimens would allow division, are also
deposited in the Manchester Museum in England.

308 University of California PuhUcations in Botany [Vol. 10

Marchantia Setchellii sp. nov.
Plate 83

Dioicous. Medium size; dark glaucous green in color; densely
caespitose. Fronds dicliotomous, ligulate, equal breadth, cross-section
plano-convex, 20 to 25 cells thick at the middle, cortical cells two
laj^ers, dark-colored, similar in size to the inner, margin of fronds
often recurved, marginal cells smaller than others. Scales light
purple, oval, rotundate or obtuse, distinctly dentate, teeth short;
appendages deep purple, lanceolate-acuminate or ovate-acuminate,
dentate, teeth often long and hamate; cells oblong-quadrate.

Stomata numerous, round or oblong, three tiers of cells high, 8
marginal cells, inner quadrate.

Cupules shallow, dilated, fringe dentate, teeth 1 to 3 cells long.

Dimensions. — Fronds 1 to l^/o inch long; 2 to 3 mm. wide; .5 mm.
thick at the middle, margin .1 mm. thick, marginal cells .01 to .02
mm. ; median scales .4 mm. X .45 mm., .35 mm. X .3 mm., cells of
same .05 mm. X .02 mm. ; appendages .6 mm. long X 2 mm. broad,
cells of same .075 mm. X .05 mm. ; teeth of fringe of cupule .1 mm.
long ; stomata .6 mm. diam.

Habitat. — Slopes near Waimangu, North Island, W. A. Setchell,
1904, no. 160. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 213707.

Observations. — Although the specimens received from Setchell are
all sterile, I have no hesitation in considering this a new species.
Evans, in The American Species of Marchantia (Trans. Conn. A. & S.,
vol. 21, 1917), notes the specific value of the appendages; in this
species they are very distinct from any of those of any other species
recorded from New Zealand. The onlv one that has somewhat similar
ones is 31. papillata Raddi, a South American species, although 31.
platycnemos Schwaegr. from the Falkland Islands has been doubtfully
referred to this species.

I have not had the opportunity of examining any specimens of
31. loapiUata except those of 31. subandina Spruce, which has been
reduced by Evans to a synonym of 31. papillata.

31. subandina Spruce is similar in size, but the lobes are more
erect, not widely spreading, and in some forms f astigiate ; in a cross-
section they are 10 to 15 cells thick at the middle, which gradually
become thinner in the lamina. In the examination of 31. subandina
I noticed a singular feature. Many of the cross-sections showed, on
the ventral side, the bulging out of a semicircular band of 5 cells X 5.
This feature disappears on the younger fronds.

In 31. Setchellii the fronds are 20 to 25 cells thick at the middle
and abruptly become thinner winged.

1923] Pearson: Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae 309

In M. suhandina the appendages are usually smaller, ovate acute,
not longly acuminate, with only a few teeth (2 or 3), not 10 to 12,
which are large and often hamate.

The median scales to which the appendages are attached in
31. suhandina and in all other species I can remember examining have
an entire margin; in M. SetchelUi they are distantly and shortly
dentate.

In all the exhaustive particulars given by Evans of Marchantia,
1 have not seen such a character noted.

No description of cupules of 31. suhandina is given by Dr. Spruce
(Hep. Am. et An., p. 561, 1884) for the simple reason, I suppose,
that he could find none. I have examined a considerable number
of fronds in the specimens distributed by him, with the same result.

No species from New Zealand is listed by Stephani in his Sp. Hep.
to which I can refer 31. Setchellii.

31. Berteroana L. & L. is recorded bv Evans from New Zealand,
"W. A. Setchell, North Island, 1904, no. 32"; I have not received
this packet from Setchell.

Riccardia marginata (Colenso) comb. nov.

Plate 84

Aneura marginata Colenso, Trans. Xew Zeal. Inst., 1885. Stephani, Sp.
Hep., Bull. Herb. Boiss., p. 259, 1899.

Dioicous. Small ; brown in color ; corticolous ; densely and intri-
cately caespitose. Fronds irregularly furcate, 10 cells wide, 5 cells
thick at the middle, cortical cells very small, 40 ; plano-convex winged,
wings composed of one row of single cells, very distinct ; branches
plane or slightly plano-couA'ex, two cells thick at the middle; apices
retuse or emarginate. Calyptra cylindrical, short, apex papillose,
cuticle with few (5 or 6) conical tubercles; a cross-section disclosed
a peculiar feature, the calyptras are slightly compressed with 6 cells
thick at two sides, 2 to 4 cells thick at one side and one cell thick at
the other. Spores minute, greyish-brown, angular, smooth ; elaters
reddish-brown, mono-spiral, 8 to 10 turns.

Dimensions. — Fronds 14 to V^ inch long; .8 mm. wide, .25 mm.
thick at the middle ; branches .75 mm. wide, .125 mm. thick at the
middle; marginal cells .04 mm.; calyptra 1.6 mm. X -7 mm.; capsule
.7 mm. X -5 vara. ; spores .0075 mm. ; elaters .15 mm. X .01 mm.

Hahitat. — Kahikanui near Whakapara, North Island, New Zea-
land. Coll. W. A. Setchell, July 8, 1904.

Ohservaiions.- — Agrees well with Stephani 's description of Aneura
marginata Colenso.

310 University of California Puhlicationii in Botany [^'o\.. 10

Riccardia bistrata sp. iiov.

Plate 85

Dioicous. Medium size, greenish brown in color; loosely eaespitose.
Fronds irregularly pinnate, very thin, bistratose, 40 to 50 cells wide
with wings of layer of single cells 2 to 4 cells wide; branches 20
cells Avidc, unistratoso. Imperfect flowers opposite, semicircular;
bracts laciniate, laciniae 4 cells long, 1 to 2 cells wide.

Dimensions. — Fronds 1 inch long; 1.5 mm. wide; .05 mm. to .075
mm. thick ; imperfect involucres .4 mm. X -4 mm. ; laciniae of bracts
.2 mm. long.

7/r/?>(7flf.— Pipiriki, North Island, New Zealand, Mav 29. 1904,
Coll. W. A. Setchell. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 213706.

Observations. — This is the thinnest and most remarkable species
of Riccardia I have seen, and none like it is recorded by Stephani
in his Sp. Hep. ; repeated cross-sections of the frond never show more
than a layer of 2 colls, with the branches and young fronds uni-
stratose.

That this may be an aquatic form of some other species is possible,
but there are numerous imperfect female involucres on the fronds
which indicate a certain maturity.

Riccardia riccioides sp. nov.
Plate 86

Dioicous. Small ; dark brown in color, densely eaespitose. Stems
suberect, rhizomatous; rhizomes numerous, minute, terete, 10 cells
in diam., often bearing male amentula ; irregularly furcate, f astigiate,
branches cuneate, broader than chief trunk which is thick, broadly
oval on cross-section, 15 cells thick, 20 broad, margin acute, often
] cell ; cortical cells smaller, dark colored ; branches broader and
thinner, slightly biconvex, 10 cells thick X 30 cells wide, margin of
trunk and branches often one cell winged. Calyptra pyriform, below
slightly verrucose, above densely papillose, papillae long, striolate;
apex coronate ; on cross-section 6 cells thick, two outer layers of cells
dark colored.

Male amentula basal radiate, 4 to 8 on a branch, rarely single,
4 to 5 pairs of alveolae.

Dimensions. — Fronds 14 to 1 inch long; trunk 1.25 mm. broad
X .6 mm. thick ; branches 2 mm. broad X .3 mm. thick ; rhizomes
.4 mm. diam. ; calyptra 2.25 mm. X 1 mm. broad ; corona .2 mm.
high X .3 mm. wide; papillae .2 mm. long X .05 mm. thick; male
amentula 1 mm. long X .4 mm. thick.

Habitat. — ]\Iamaku Bush, North Island, New Zealand ; coll. W. A.
Setchell, 1904, no. 157. Type Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 213708.

1923] Pearson: Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae 311

Observations. — The general outline of the plant is like a Biccia;
the chief characters, however, being the pyriform calyptra, the upper
portion of which is densely papillose, with a very large corona and
the numerous radiating amentula on the branches.

Riccardin alteriiiloha (Tayl.), the original specimens of which are
in the Manchester Museum and have been examined by me, has,
according to Stephani, two such similar characters, but it is quite a
different species with very large lobate fronds not unlike R. lohata
Schiffn.

Metzgeria atrichoneura Spruce

Trans Edinb. Bot. Soc, 1885. p. 296. Stephani, Sp. Hep., p. 298.

Habitat. — Otonga, Whakapara, North Island, New Zealand, coll.
W. A. Setchell, July 9, 1904, no. 26.

Observations. — This is a very distinct species ; costa with 2 antical
and 2 postical cells, fronds with margins very involute, apices often
cucculate, costa and wdngs nude, margin fringed with long, delicate
cilia ; male flowers smooth.

Spruce simply records it from New Zealand, place and name of
collector not mentioned. Stephani mentions only New Zealand, Coll.
Lauterbach.

Metzgeria ?

Near Hamurana Spring, Rotoriia, North Island, New Zealand.
Coll. W. A. Setchell, 1904, no. 156.

Observations. — Too small and imperfect to name; costa 2 cells
wide on the antical and postical side ; setae very few on costa, wings
and margin.

Hymenophylum Phyllanthus (Hook.) Dum,

Habitat. — Mamaku Bush, North Island, New Zealand, coll. W. A.
Setchell; 1904, no. 158.

Observations. — Fertile branches postical; involucre laciniate; peri-
anth pluriplicate, mouth ciliate.

312 University of California Publications in Botany ["^^ol. lo

Symphyogyna undulata Colenso

Colcnso MS; Stephani, Sp. Hep., p. 340, 1900.

Hdbiiat. — Pipiriki, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, May 27, 1904, no. 10.

Observations. — Specimens young and imperfect. Costa broad, 12
dark colored cells thick ; fronds undulate, furcate ; -wings composed of
several layers of cells; squamae large, incised and lacerate.

Symphyogyna microcalyptra sp. nov.

Plate 87

DJoicous. Medium size ; pale to greenish brown in color ; loosely
caespitose. Fronds procumbent, somewhat rigid, bifurcate, ligulate,
regular, slightly biconvex; costa broadly oval, 10 cells thick, gradually
excurrent into wings, 3-3-2-2-1 ; wings 25 cells wide, unistratose ;
band of minute dark colored cells in middle of costa; cortical cells
larger than inner, margin of fronds distantly dentate, teeth ascending,
3 to 6 cells long, 2 to 3 cells broad at base, Calyptra very small,
trumpet shaped, corrugated when old, with numerous appendages and
archegonia near the mouth. Bracts lobate, lobes obtuse.

Male fronds smaller, with bracts somewhat distant, not crowded
near apex.

Dimensions. — Fronds 1 inch long; 4 mm. wide; segments 5 mm.
long; costa .25 mm. to .3 mm. thick at the middle X .75 mm. broad,
bracts 1 mm. long ; calyptra 2.75 mm. long X -75 mm. wide at mouth ;
perigonial bracts .5 mm. long.

Habitat. — Kahikanui, near Whakapara, North Island, New Zea-
land, coll. W. A. Setchell, July 8, 1904, no. 19. Type, Herb. Univ.
Calif., no. 213723.

Observations. — I have had the opportunity of comparing Setchell 's
specimens with various ones of S. obovata from Tasmania and New
South AVales, from which they differ in several particulars, and they
do not quite agree with Stephani 's description of S. obovata.

The plants are brown to brownish green, with no trace of rose, more
rigid, fronds ligulate, not narrowty oval, cortical cells of costa larger
than inner (in **>. obovata they are of equal size) ; marginal teeth
erect, not projecting, 3 to 6 colls long, not 2, calyptra very small,
2.75 mm. long, not 10 mm. as Stephani says of S. obovata. My meas-
urements of S. obovata are 5 to 7 mm. long ; both the $ and ^ bracts
are more laciniate, the J* bracts more distant on the fronds, not
crowded near the apex.

1923] Pearson: Notes on a Collection of Neiv Zealand Hepaticae 313

I have seen no specimens of S. olovata from New Zealand.
Stephani says he has seen no fertile ones from that country, where
the species is evidently rare. I have specimens of 8. grandibracteata
St., ex herb. Levier, Nova Zelandia, AVaimata bush (Canterbury),
May, 1901, legit T. W. N. Beckett, det. F. Stephani n. 2797, which
although Stephani places it in another section {A. Frocumbentes) is
very similar to 8. ohovata; there are no calyptras on the specimen
and the $ bracts are similar to and no larger than those I find on
other specimens of 8. ohovata. Stephani describes 8. grandibracteata
as brownish-olive, Beckett's specimens are as green or greener than
8. obovata, with costa abruptly changing to wings, and Beckett's
specimen on cross-section shows a gradual transition as in 8. obovata,
3-3-2-2-2-1.

8. puIcJira Tayl. is reduced to a synonym of 8. obovata by
Stephani. This I agree with, after examination of original specimens
in the Manchester Museum, collected by Drummond at Swan River.

Stephani points out (Sp. Hep., Mem. Herb. Boissier, no. 11, p. 43)
that Mitten is wrong in referring the New Zealand plant to 8. rhizo-
loba Schwaegr., a species which is distinguished at once from all
allied forms by the distinctly thickened marginal cells.

Specimens named ^S'. obovata ? Basket Island leg. Spezziganni, ex.
herb. Massalongo, "in the Manchester Museum agree with 8. obovata.

Solenostoma brevissimum sp. nov.

Plate 88

Dioicous. Small, pale green to rose colored; densely caespitose,
terricolous. Stems erect, simple, tender, 35 cortical cells, inner 12
in diam., similar to the cortical, radiculose up to apex, rhizoids few,
delicate, hyaline. Leaves 3 to 6 pairs, spreading or ascending and
then clasping the stem, distant, approximate or imbricate, slightly
concave, oval, lower ones smaller and sometimes rounder, entire or
retuse, cuticle smooth ; cells medium size, quadrate or oblong-quadrate,
walls thin, trigones small or wanting. Bracts similar to leaves,
slightly larger, retuse or entire. Perianth projecting half beyond
the bracts to which they are adnate at their base, narrowly oval, 130
single cells round near the middle, 4-keeled, keels irregular, rounded,
mouth when young shortly tubular, setulose, afterwards lacerate.

Numerous delicate sterile stems with distant leaves entangled in
the tufts.

No androecia seen.

Dimejisiovs. — Stems I/4 inch long, with leaves 1.25 mm. wide,
diam. .3 mm., leaves 1.25 mm. X 1 mm., 1.1 mm. X -9 mm., .9 mm.
X .9 mm., cells .035 mm. ; bracts 1.25 mm. X 1-1 mm. ; perianth 1.5
mm. X -7 mm.

314 University of California Puhlicaiions in Botany [Vol. lo

Hahitat. — Wliakcrowarewa, Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand;
coll. W. A. Setchc'll, 1*J04, no. 155. Type Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
213710.

Observations. — The Solenostoma humile Mitten, Royal Soc. 1879
listed by Stephani in Sp. Hop. (Bull, de I'Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, as
of p. 50, 1906) is a myth.

From Nardia humilis Berggren, N. Zeal. Hep., p. 7, it differs in
its oval leaves, not orbicular, trigones wanting or very small, not large,
narrowlj' oval perianth not ovate.

The figure of the perianth represents a mature one ; when young
the mouth is small and shortly tubular with a few minute setae. I
refer my species to Solenostoma Mitten on account of this character
along with the perianth's being adnate to the bracts, but I consider
that there are species included in the genus by Mitten and Stephani
which ought to be placed elsewhere. Jung, inundata Tayl., a species
with large underleaves, as Stephani correctly states, although Mitten
in Handbook Fl. N. Z., saj^s "without," is one, for instance.

Jungermannia inundata Taylor

Habitat. — Whakerew^arewa, North Island, New Zealand; coll.
W. A. Setchell, 1904. With no. 155.

Plagiochila Lyallii Mitten

Mitten, Fl. New Zealand, vol. 2, j). 132,

Habitat.— "Siamakn, North Island, New Zealand, coll, AV. A,
Setchell, April 22, 1904.

Growing with Plagiochila Kirkii Mitt,, no, 28.

Plag-iochila Kirkii ]\Iitten

Plate 89

Habitat. — Mamaku, North Island, New Zealand; coll. AV. A.
Setchell, April 22, 1904, no. 28.

Observations. — Very distinct species; stems 2 inches long, dark
brown in color, leaves oblong triangular, antical margin very decur-
rent, postical margin ampliate, marginal teeth 6 cells long, hamate;
mouth of perianth Avith 30 teeth, 6 cells long, 2 and 3 cells wide at
base.

J 323] Pearson: Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae 315

Plagiochila deltoidea Lindenberg, emend. Pearson

Plate 90

Dioicous. Medium size ; olive green in color ; caespitose. Stems
simple or sparingly branched. Leaves homomallous; approximate or
imbricate, alternate, antical (lower) margin patent-divergent (70°)
to patent (50°), very slightty decurrent, margin much recurved,
entire; postical (upper) margin extending beyond the stem, ampliate,
with about 12 large distant teeth ; outline of leaf semi-broadly
trigonous; apex rotundate with 3 to 4 teeth; cells minute, smaller
still near margin, roundish-quadrate, trigones distinct, basal cells
narrow, elongate, wall ligneous.

Haditat. — Mamaku, North Island, New Zealand, coll. W. A.
Setchell, April 22, 1904, no. 4.

Dimensions. — Stems 1 to 1% inch long ; leaves 3 mm, X 3.5 mm. ;
cells near margin .015 mm., at base .05 mm. X .02 mm.

Plagiochila neohoweana Pearson sp. nov.

Plate 91

Dioicous. Medium to largish in size ; pale yellow to reddish brown
in color ; caespitose. Stems simple or sparingly branched, branches
erect. Leaves alternate, imbricate, patent (50°) to erecto-patent
(30°), antical (lower) margin slightly recurved, decurrent, entire
or rarely with few" distant teeth, postical (upper), slightly ampliate,
covering the stem but rarely extending beyond, sometimes reflexed,
coarsely dentate, teeth 10 to 12 straight or hamate, 6 to 8 cells long,
with a broad base, 4 cells wide ; outline semi-oblong, trigonous, apex
truncate with 2 or 3 teeth ; cells between smallish and medium in size,
roundish-quadrate, large trigones, basal cells the same. Bracts some-
what similar to the leaves, only larger and longer, with lower margin
5 to 6 dentate. Perianth oval, truncate, mouth wide, 40 teeth, irregu-
lar in length, 4 to 10 cells long, 4 cells wide at base, straight or
hamate ; pedicel short ; capsule reddish-brown. Androecia on short
and small erect branches arising from apex of stem, intercalular ;
perigonial bracts much smaller than the leaves, erect, closely im-
bricate, ventricose at base, bilobed, lobes oval, entire or with few short
teeth at apex.

Dimensions. — Stems li/4 to 2 mm. long; leaves 3 mm. X 1.5 mm.,
2.5 mm. X 1-5 mm. ; cells near margin and base .03 mm. ; bracts
3.5 mm. X 1-75 mm. ; perianth 3 mm. X 2 mm. ; perigonial bracts
1.25 mm. X .75 mm. ; antheridia .4 mm. X .3 mm.

Observations. — I have read somewhere, but I cannot remember
where, that when a complimentary name is given to a plant, there
should be no doubt as to its specific value ; consequently I have given
more time to the study of this plant than to any other in the collec-
tion, in order to satisfy myself as to its position, being anxious that
it should stand good.

316 University of California Puhlications in Botany ["^'ol. 10

iStephaui, after his description of Plagiochila deltoidea Lindenb.
in his Sp. Hep. (Bull, de I'Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 783,
11)04), says: "This phmt probably does not occur in New Zealand
and has been confused with Plagiochila Howeana St."

Lindenberg, the founder of P. deltoidea, gives Dusky Bay, New
Zealand, as the first station for it, then Tasmania. The Barbados
record maj' safely be deleted.

Although no indication is given, I think we may assume that
the figures of P. deltoidea given on plate XXVII by Lindenberg in
his Spec. Hep. are taken from New Zealand specimens, for in his
notes on the species, he remarks that the Tasmanian form has
"minuteh^ denticulate leaves," probably constituting quite a distinct
species from our more modern standpoint.

These figures undoubtedly represent Stephani's P. Howeana,
much more accurately than the P. deltoidea from Tasmania and other
countries. A careful re-examination of all my specimens named
P. deltoidea disclosed several inaccuracies. I have one from New
Zealand determined by Stephani which is P. Banksiana, and several
others named by him from New Zealand are his P. Howeana. Gepp
of the British Museum informs me that in a set of Exotic Hepaticae
received from Stephani there are 4 specimens from New Zealand
named P. deltoidea and none P. Howeana.

There is no doubt in my mind that Stephani is right in distin-
guishing the New Zealand forms from those from Tasmania and
elsewhere ; the darker green color, the shorter, more quadrate outline
of the leaves, the more recurved antical margin of the leaves, the
smaller cells, are distinctive, but Stephani does not make this clear
in his descriptions. The narrow elongate ligneous-walled basal cells
give the leaves at their base a broad vittate appearance, while in
P. deltoidea they are large and roundish-quadrate with large trigones,
very similar to the other cells. These characters enable a student
to separate them readily, and although the proposal I am about to
make may seem somewhat unusual, I make P. Howeana Stephani a
synonym of P. deltoidea Lindenb. and propose for the Tasmanian
and other similar forms the name of P. neohowcana Pearson, so as
to retain the name of my valued friend, Dr. Marshall A. Howe, of
whom Stephani says, "the plant bears the name of the distinguished
North American botanist (the investigator of the California Hepatic
Flora)."

1923] Pearson : Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae 317

Plagiochila gigantea (Hook.) Dum,
Jungermannia gigantea Hook., Musci exot., p. 22.

Habitat. — Mamakii, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, April 22, 1904, no. 6.

Plagiochila arbuscula (Bridel) L. et L.

Plate 92
Spec. Hep., p. 23.
Jungermannia arbuscula Bridel in Lehm. Pug. IV, p. 63.

Habitat. — Pipiriki, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, May 26, 1904, no. 15.

Lophocolea sp.?

Habitat. — Mamaku, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, April 22, 1904.

Observations. — I picked out a few stems of a small Lophocolea
with androecia which I have not been able to refer to any in Mitten's
or Stephani's lists of New Zealand species; the leaves are broadly
ovate, .7 mm. X .6 mm., to shortly trigonous, .7 mm. X .6 mm., broad
base with narrow apex, bidentate, sinus shallow, teeth 3 to 5 cells
long; underleaves connate on one side with leaf obcuneate, bifid to
below the middle, segments entire or with a small tooth near the base
on either side.

Lophocolea heterophylloides Nees

Habitat. — Taupo. North Island, New Zealand ; coll. AV. A. Setchell,
May 16, 1904, no. 23.

Observations. — This is a small sterile form, w^ith leaves usually
entire or retuse, occasionally a bifid leaf near the base of the stem
is found, but the numerous minute flagelliferous shoots are alwaj^s
deeply bifid.

Chiloscyphus echinellus (Lindenb. & Gottsche)

See P. Lyallii Mitten, Fl. N. Z., 11, p. 141.

Habitat. — Growing on Plagiochila Kirkii Mitt., Mamaku, North
Island, New Zealand ; coll. W. A. Setchell, April 22, 1904.

Observations. — This is often confused with Lophocolea muricata.
I have fine specimens sent to me under this name, collected by S.
Chadwick, Hawke 's Bay, North Island ; also, from the same collector
and same station, the true plant.

318 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

I have seen no mention by any observer that the leaves of Loplio-
colea muricata are papillose on their postical side. I find that to be
the case with all specimens I have examined from New Zealand and
Tasmania.

fSande la Coste in his description of his Lophocolca horridula says
of the leaves, "dorsum papillis elevatis conicus, in ventre deficienti-
bus. " This is a species which has been referred to L. muricata by
Stephani.

Lophocolea muricata according to Stephani has a very wide dis-
tribution. CJiiloscyphus echinellus is restricted to New Zealand and
Tasmania.

Zoopsis argentea Hook. & Tayl.

Hook, Hep. antarct., p. 167, 1844.

Jungermannia (Metzgeria) argentea Hook & Tayl., Jour, of Bot., p. 400,
1844.

Habitat. — Mamaku Bush, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, 1904.

Cephalozia (Prionolobus) hirta St.

Stephani, Sp. Hep., Bull, de I'Herb. Boissier, no. 8, 1908, p. 345.
Cephalozia dentata (Eaddi) Mitten, Flora Tasmania, II, p. 222.

Habitat. — Taupo, North Island, New Zealand ; coll. W. A. Setchell,
May 16, 1904.

Observations. — I picked out a few sterile stems of a minute
Cephalozia growing on Frullania fugax. The specimen is too meager
to determine with certainty, but may be referred to C. hirta St. until
better specimens are obtained.

It differs, however, from C. hirta in being only half its size, stems
3 to 4 mm. long, not 8 ; also the cuticle is papillose, of which no men-
tion is made by Stephani, although specimens recorded from Queens-
land, by him, collected by C. J. Wild, have the same character.

Stephani does not report his C. hirta from New Zealand, although
Colenso and Rodway record C. dentata from there, which according
to Stephani 's synonymy is the same as his C. hirta.

The plant is very minute, .stems simple or once branched, branches
postical, rhizoids few, delicate, ascending to apex of the stem; leaves
distant, alternate, bifid to the middle, segments and sinus acute,
denticulate, cuticle papillose.

1923] Pearson: Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae 319

Lembidium nutans (Taylor) Mitten

Mitten, Handb. X. Z. ¥1, p. 754.

Spruce, Ou Cephalozia, p. 59.

Mastigobryum nutans Hook., Fl. Antarct., p. 160, t. 65; Lindenb. &

Gottsche, Spec. Hep., p. 20, t. 22.
Micropterygium nutans Mitt., Handb. X. Z. FL, p. 526.

Hahitat. — Kahikanui, near AVhakapara. North Island, New Zea-
land, coll. W. A. Setchell, July 8, 1904, no. 19.

Observations. — I am pleased to have found specimens of this
species in the collection as it has given me the opportunity of study-
ing the point raised by Dr. Spruce in On Cephalozia, p. 59, 1882.

Mitten in Hooker's Handbook of the New Zealand Flora, savs of
Lemhidium nutans, "the stem is clothed with a vesicular coat."
Spruce in a footnote adds, "Mitten attributes 'a loosely cellular coat'
to the stem. There is, however, none such and the 'looseness' exists
solely in the author's perceptions."

I know there was no love lost between these two authorities but
I think this is the only instance where their loss of love is shown.

In Lindenberg & Gottsche 's Spec. Hep,, t. 22, is given a cross-
section of a stem with an underleaf attached, which shows the stem
to be thicker than it is broad. It is not so : it is broader than it is
thick.

I find that the cortical cells are about the same size as the inner,
but there is one peculiarity about the stem. At each lateral side, the
central cell is usualty larger and prominent, so that when the stem
is observed lying flat it appears to have a loose cellular coat — a justi-
fication for Mitten's apparent looseness of observation.

Adelanthus falcatus (Hook.) Mitten

Handb. N. Z. FL, p. 518, 1867.

Hahitat. — Mamaku Bush, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, 1904 (with no. 157).

320 University of California PuhJiratio))'^ in Botany [Vol. 10

Bazzania adnexa (L, & L.) comb. nov.

Junr/crmannia adnexa L. & Limlenb., in Lehin. Pug., pi. i.\', p. 56, n. 26, 10

fasciculi (1828-57), 1831?
Mastigobryum Novae Hollandiae Nees., Syn. Hep., p. 221 (1844).
Mastigobryum Sieberianum Lindenb., Syn. Hep., p. 222 (1844).

Hahitaf. — Mamaku Bush, North Island, Ncm^ Zealand, coll. W. A.
Setchell, 1904.

Observations. — Stephani (Sp. Hep., p. 855, 1908) justly restores
the prior name of Lehmann & Lindenberg for this species, which has
a verywide distribution in Australasia and which varies within certain
limitations considerably. The comparison of actual specimens with
the 20 figures in Lindenb. & Gottsche's beautiful plate 7, Sp. Hep.,
and the reduction of M. Sieierianum to a synonym confirm this.

Stephani also refers Mastigohryum affinis Mitt. (Fl. N. Z.) to this
species. I have not had the opportunity of seeing it.

The oblong leaves, arcuate antical margin, straight postical one,
with truncate, trilobate apex, segments often minutely denticulate,
easily enable the species to be determined.

Bazzania fissistipa (St.) comb. nov.

Mastigobryum fissistipum Steph., Sp. Hep., vol. 3, p. 533, 1909.

Habitat. — Mamaku Bush, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A,
Setchell, 1904, no. 157.

Observations. — Rhizoids very abundant proceeding from base of
underleaves. Leaves brown in color, ovate, truncate, vittate; under-
leaves broadly obcuneate, quadrifid to the middle, segments lanceolate.

Lepidozia plumulosa Lehm. & Lindenb.
Plate 93

Dioicous. Medium size; pale yellowish brown in color; caespitose;
flagelliferous. Stem broadly pinnate or bipinnate ; branches close,
ascending, patent (50°); cross-section shows 15 large cortical cells
and inner cells 15 to 20 per diam. Leaves obliquely inserted, divided
to the middle or below, segments 5 or 6, 6 cells long, 4 and 5 single
with 2 to 4 wide at the base, disc 8 cells broad at the base and 20 cells
broad at ui)per margin ; cells rather large, 4, 5 and 6 sided, quadrate,
walls thin, no trigones. Underleaves quadrifid to a little below the
middle, obcuneate, a little wider than the stem; segments 5-7 cells
long, 5 and 6 single, at the base 2 cells broad; branch underleaves

1923] Pearson: Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae 321

trifid. Perianth at the base of the stem on a short branch, narrowly
and elongated ovate, 6-fold, 120 double row of cells at middle, mouth
contracted and contorted, with 30 two-celled setae. Bracts obovate
or oblong-quadrate, apex broad, ciliolate; bracteole oval, apex ciliolate.
Androeeia not seen.

Dimensions. — Stems 1 inch long; with leaves 1 mm. wide, diam.
.3 mm., leaves with segments, explanate .8 mm. long X 1-1 mna. broad;
disc .3 mm. broad at base. .75 mm. at apex, segments .3 to A mm. long,
.1 mm. wade at base; cells .05 mm. ; underleaves .6 mm. X -6 mm. with
segments explanate, disc .2 mm. Avide at base, .4 mm. upper margin,
segments .3 mm. long, ,075 mm. to .1 mm. wide at base ; bracts 1 mm.
long X .75 mm. broad; bracteole .75 mm, X -5 mm.; perianth 2.25
mm. long X -9 mm. at widest part, apex .1 mm., setae .1 mm. long;
archegonia .175 mm. X -05 mm.

Habitat. — Mamaku Bush, North Island, New Zealand; coll, W. A.
Setchell, 1904.

Observations. — This is a very beautiful and distinct species. I
have compared the specimens with the originals from Cape Horn,
in the ^Manchester Museum, vrith which they agree, save that they
are larger.

- o^

Lepidozia brevipinna sp. nov.

Plate 94

Dioicous. Largish size ; light brownish green in color ; densely
erectocaespitose. Stems roundish, slightly frontally compressed, 35
cortical cells, slightly larger than inner, which are 20 broad and 15
high; ramose, pinnate or slightly bipinnate, pinnae short, distant,
somewhat regular in length, attenuate, flagelliferous, often secund;
slightly ascending, patent-divergent (70°), horizontal (90°) or
slightly decurved. Leaves distant, approximate or imbricate near
apex; lower (postical) margin slightly decurrent, insertion a little
beyond the margin of stem, upper (antical) margin extending to
middle of stem, slightly ampliate or truncate ; concave, incurved,
clasping the stem except on young branches ; oblong-quadrate, quad-
rifid to about one-fourth, basal tooth smallest, segments narrowly tri-
angular or lanceolate-acute, 4 to 7 cells wide at their base. Under-
leaves as wide as stem from which they stand off, quadrate, quadrifid
to about one-third, segments subequal, narrowly triangular to lanceo-
late, acute or obtusate. Androeeia terminal on short, narrow
branches; bracts closely imbricate, trifid; bracteole oval, acute, bifid
to the middle.

Dimensions. — Stems IV^ to 2 inches long ; with branches 1 mm.
wide ; diam. .2 to .3 mm. ; leaves .9 mm. X .7 mm., segments .2 mm. ;
cells .03 mm., underleaves .5 mm. X .5 mm., segments .2 mm., peri-
gonial bract .5 mm. X .4 mm., perigonial bracteole .4 mm. X -2 mm.

Habitat. — Waiora Valley, Wairakei, North Island, New Zealand;
coll. W. A. Setchell, Mav'4, 1904. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
213712.

322 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

. Observations. — Belongs to the L. quadriloha group, from the type
species of Avhicli it is to be distinguished by the lobes of the leaves
and underleaves being much shorter.

It comes nearest to L. Nova ZeaUmdia St., from the description,
but specimens of the latter which I have seen, collected by J. Meckle-
john near Lake Wakatipu, Ncav Zealand, and determined by Stephani,
indicate that it is a smaller and more delicate plant, irregularly
ramose, having leaves with larger cells, and underleaves much more
deeply divided.

L. hrevipinna is recognized at once by its graceful, regular shape,
given to it by its short pinnae.

Isotachis Lyallii Mitten

Mitten in Fl. N. Z., II, p. 149, t. 100, f. 7.

Ilahitat. — Pipiriki, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, May 29, 1904 j no. 12.

Isotachis minima sp. nov.
Plate 95

Dioicous. Small; pale green to reddish brown in color; creeping
on other hepatics, terricolous. Stems prostrate, radiculose up to apex ;
rhizoids few. hyaline ; simple or with one branch ; cortical cells 40,
similar to the inner 10 X 32. Leaves ascending, often secund com-
plicate or very concave, outline broadly oval to rotund, bifid or trifid
to one-fourth or one-third, segments triangular, acute, sinus rounded
or acute, margin entire, rarely with a minute tooth near the middle;
cuticule smooth ; cells medium size, elongate, 4, 5, or 6-sided, walls thin,
no trigones, numerous chlorophyll bodies in the cells. Underleaves
transA'ersely inserted, erect, oval or broadly oval, bifid to nearly the
middle, segments triangular, acute, sinus rounded or acute, margin
unidentate on one or both sides near the middle. Androecia terminal,
3 or 4 pairs of bracts ; perigonial bracts smaller than the leaves,
ventricose at the base, exj)]anate (outline) broadly oval, bifid to
nearly the middle, segments acute, sinus rounded, wide, margin entire
or unidentate near the middle; perigonial bracteole oval, bifid to the
middle or nearly so, segments lanceolate, acute, margin entire or
unidentate; antheridia oval, 1, 2, or 3 in each bract.

Dimensions. — Stems y_^ to % ii^^h long, with leaves 1 mm. wide;
diam. of .stem. .3 mm. ; leaves 1.25 mm. X 1 mm., seg. .3 mm. ;
1 mm. X 1 mm., seg. .3 ram. ; .9 mm. X -9 mm., seg. .3 mm. ; .8 mm. X
.7 mm., seg. .3 mm. ; cells .04 mm. X -02 mm. ; underleaves .75 mm. X
.75 mm., seg. .3 mm.; .6 mm. X .5 mm., seg. .3 mm.; perigonial bracts
.7 mm. X .6 mm., seg. .25 mm. ; perigonial bracteole .5 mm. X .3 mm.,
seg. .2 mm.; antheridia .2 ram. X .15 mm.

Habitat. — Whakerewarewa. Tlotorua. North Island, New Zealand;
coll. W. A. Setchell, 1901. no. 155. Tvpe. Herb. Univ. Calif., no.
213715.

1923] Pearson : Notes on a Collection of Netv Zealand Hepaticae 323

Ohservations. — As I find several male stems of the same small
size as the others, I take it that the stems met with are normal in
size. So far as I know no Isotachis like it has been described before.

Lepicolea scolopendra (Hook.) Dum.

Rec. d'obs., 1835, p. 20.

Habitat. — Mamaku, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W, A.
Setchell, April 22, 1904. With no. 28.

Lepidolaena clavigera (Hook.) var. Stangeri Gottsche

Hal it at. — Mamaku, North Island, New Zealand ; coll. W. A.
Setchell, April 22, 1904. With no. 4.

Observations. — The reducing of L. Taylori (Gottsche) to a variety
of L. clavigera (Hook.) by Mitten (Handb. Fl. N. Z., p. 529) may
possibly account for the uncertainty which several collectors have
shown as 1o L. Taylori, to judge by the various specimens I have
received under wrong names.

Mitten simply says (when making it a variety) : ''var. Taylori
Cauline leaves toothed and spinose on the ventral margin," but
Gottsche, the founder of the species, saw more differences. The
underleaves, to mention another character, are quite different. They
are deeply quadrifid, with the segments spreading and irregularly
laciniate-spinulose. In L. clavigera they are not so deeply divided and
are entire, slightly calcarate at the base.

Lepidolaena papebrifolia (Gottsche) has underleaves much
nearer to L. Taylori than has L. clavigera, but the segments are still
more spinulose and ciliate than L. Taylori and can be at once dis-
tinguished from that species by the absence of laciniae on the antical
base of the leaves.

The var. Stangeri G. to which Setchell 's specimens belong, differs
from type by having its branch-leaves sometimes dentate-serrate.

Schistochila nobilis (Hook.) Dum.

Eec, p. 15, 1835.

Jungermannia nobilis Hook., Musci Exot., t. 11, 1818.

Gottschea nohilis Nees, Syn. Hep., p. 21, 1844.

Habitat. — Mamaku, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A,
Setchell, April 22, 1904 ; no. 133, no. 157.

324 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

Radula plicata Mitten

Plate 96
Flora N. Z., II, p. 154.
Stephani, Sp. Hep., vol. IV, p. 214, 1910.

Habitat. — Mamaku, North Island, New Zealand ; coll. W. A.
Setchell, April 22, 1904, no. 8 and no. 28.

Ohscrvations. — A very remarkable and distinct species. In addi-
tion to the perianth being plicate, a unique character in this genus
so far as I know, the leaves on their antical (upper) margin are
abruptly and acutely truncate,

Stephani remarks under R. plicata (Sp. Hep., vol. IV, p. 214,
1910) "that the folding of the perianth is usually not noticeable,
and only in the old branches to be observed, evidently an indication
of their coming decay. ' ' This is not so, for in the numerous perianths
on Setchell 's specimens they are of different stages of growth and the
plication is always to be seen ; in fact the ridges are really narrow
wings, 1, 2 and 3 cells wide.

Its nearest ally is B. physoloba Mont., a species which Stephani
does not think belongs to the New Zealand flora. The specimens he
received from there, collected by Beckett, are so poor that the ques-
tion is undecided.

There are specimens (3074) in the Manchester Museum named
B. physoloba Mont. (I do not know by whom), collected by Sinclair
in New Zealand, which are B. plicata, but they are without perianths.
Also, there is a specimen named B. physoloba (Jung, flavifolia Tayl.)
from Cape Horn (20569) which represents a distinct species as recog-
nized by Taylor, Jour, of Bot., p. 476, 1844, the acute leaves at once
distinguishing it.

Through the kindness of Professor Dismier I have had the
opportunity of examining the original specimen of B. physoloba of
Montague. It is a different species from that collected by Weymouth
in Tasmania and determined by Rodway, the lobes of the leaves being
rounder, with the lobules having an acute angle.

The Badvla plicata listed by Rodway in his Hepaticae of Tas-
mania, with the mouth of the perianth fimbriate, must belong to
another species.

T have the pleasure of being able to add drawings from the orig-
inal specimens of Badula physoloba ]\Iont. and Badula flavifolia
(Tayl.), (cf. plates 97 and 98).

1923] Pearson: Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae 325

Madotheca Stangeri G. L. & N.

Syn. Hep., p. 280, 1844; Stephani, Sp. Hep., p. 284, 1910.

Habitat. — Pipiriki, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell ; May 29, 1904. With no. 16.

FruUania (Galeiloba) Colensoana St.

Plate 99
Sp. Hep., vol. IV, 40.5.

Dioieous. Medium size ; stems, reddish or greyish brown in color ;
intricately caespitose. Stems narrowly pinnate, sometimes irregu-
larly ramose, pinnae unequal in length, sometimes long, ascending,
erecto-patent (30°). Leaves imbricate, concave, lobe broadly oval,
appendiculate, appendix triangular, acute ; lobe galeate, mouth wide
truncate. Underleaves three times broader than the stem, sub-
circular, slightly cordate or decurrent, very shortly bidentate, seg-
ments acute and apiculate.

Androecia on short terminal branches, globose or oblong-globose,
or intercalular, 4-5 pairs of bracts, bracts divided to the middle, lobe
obtuse, lobule acute, entire or with a minute tooth, bracteole spath-
ulate, retuse.

Dimensions. — Stems II/2 inch long, with leaves 1.25 mm. wide;
diam. .2 mm. ; leaves, lobe .75 mm. X .7 mm., lobule .3 mm. X -2 mm. ;
cells .02 mm. ; underleaves .5 mm. X -5 mm., .5 mm. X .4 mm. ; peri-
gonial bracts, lobe .5 mm. X -3 mm. ; lobule .4 mm. X -25 mm.

Habitat. — Taupo, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A. Setchell,
May 16, 1904.

Observations. — Stephani wrote to me some years ago that he had
received from the Rev. Wm. Colenso 600 packages of New Zealand
Hepatics. The species here named by him after Colenso is remark-
able in having the large appendix of the leaf triangular and acute
in shape. This can be well seen only by detaching a leaf from the
stem and flattening it out with the cover glass. It is a remarkable
character and I have not seen it in any other species.

Stephani in his description of the species says he had not seen
the male plant. On Setchell 's specimens there are several male stems.

Frullania (Galeiloba) fugax Tayl.

Plate 100
Jour, of Bot., p. 87, 1845.

Habitat. — Taupo, North Island, New Zealand ; coll. W. A. Setchell,
May 16, 1904, no. 25.

Bush near Waiotapu, North Island, New Zealand, coll. W. A.
Setchell, 1904.

326 Vniversity of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. lo

Observations.— Jn wetting the plant for examination, the leaves
nearly all fall off, far more so than in FruUania fragilifolia. The
plant has a reddish color, the lobule very large and underleaves small.
I found iiuincrous involucres but no perianths. Gemmae are very
abundant on the margin of the leaves.

Frullania (Galeiloba) squarrosula Hook. f. et Tayl.

Plate 101

Fl. N. Z., II, p. 160, t. 103, f. 6.

Jungermannia squarrosula Hook. f. and Tayl., Jour, of Bot., Hep. Antarct.

Suppl., p. 10, 1844.
FruUania (Galeiloba) squarrosula Tayl. Stephani, Sp. Hep., IV, p. 409,

1910.

11 ah it at. —Fipiriki, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, May 29, 1904, no. 16.

Observations. — Remarkable for its recurved squarrose leaves,
which distinguish it at once.

It has been recorded only from New Zealand.

Frullania (Galeiloba) Setchellii sp. nov.

Plate 102

Dioicous. Medium size; reddish brown in color; corticolous;
stratose. Stems irregularly ramose, bipinnate, pinnae and pinnulae
short, spreading. Leaves horizontally inserted, imbricate, very
slightly concave, broadly oval, longer than broad, entire, margin of
some leaves very slightly and narrowly reflexed and darker colored,
antical (upper) margin extending beyond the stem, a little ampliate,
appendiculate, appendix obtuse ; postical (lower) margin dependant;
cells very small, basal ones rather larger, walls irregular, nodulose,
trigones large and distinct. Underleaves large, 3 to 4 times broader
than the stem, approximate, subcircular, sometimes very slightly
cordate, bidentate to one-fifth, segments obtuse or rarely acute, sinus
obtuse or acute.

Bracts, lobe oblong, entire, apex rotundate, lobule equal in length,
lanceolate, with a long linear segment arising from base. Bracteole
broadly lanceolate, bifid to the middle or below, segments acuminate
with a blunt tooth on the exterior margins.

No perianth or androecia seen.

Dimensions. — Stems 1 inch long, with leaves .8 mm. wide ; diam.
.1 mm.; leaves, lobe .55 mm. X .4 mm., .5 mm. X .4 mm., lobule
.3 mm, X .2 mm,, cells .015 mm. ; underleaves .425 mm. high X .4
mm. broad, .4 mm. X .4 mm., .35 mm. X .35 mm., .35 mm. X .3 mm. ;
bracts, lobe .9 mm. X -35 mm., lobule .9 .mm. X .2 mm.; bracteole
.9 mm. X .4 mm.

Habitat. — Bush, near Waiotapu, North Island, New Zealand ; coll.
W. A. Setchell, 1904, no. 159. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif,, no. 213713.

1923] Pearson : Notes on a Collection of Neiv Zealand Hepaticae 327

Observations. — The only species near it, from Stepliani's descrip-
tion of New Zealand Frullaniae, is F. falciloha Tayl. ; but this is a
much more robust plant, with underleaves proportionately large,
not so regularly circular, often a little angular and slightly dentate,
lobe of bract acute and sometimes dentate, lobule dentate and
bracteole dentate.

Stephani does not record F. falciloha Tayl. from New Zealand, but
Mitten does (AVairapara Valley on bark, Wm. Colenso). I have
specimens from New Zealand collected by Colenso, ex herb. Curnow,
named F. falciloha, which are quite different from the description,
lobule spiniferous, underleaves irregular in shape, deeply, divided
with margin more or less dentate,

FruUania (Diastoloba) rostrata (Tayl.) Hook, et Tayl.

Syn. Hep., p. 445; Stephani, Sp. Hep., vol. IV, 1911, p. 661.
Jungermannia rostrata Tayl., Jour, of Bot., 1845, p. 87.

Leaves apiculate, perianth triplicate, narrowly oblong, long beak,
bracts lobe lanceolate acute or acuminate, entire, lobule same only
smaller.

Habitat. — Bush near Waiotapu, North Island, New Zealand; coll.
W. A. Setchell, 1904. With no. 159.

Anthoceros? nostocoides sp. nov.

Plate 103

Sterile. Largish in size; olive green in color; densely stratose.
Fronds bi-trifurcate, lobes erecto-patent (30°), linear, regular, slightly
plano-convex, 3 to 4 cells thick at the middle, gradually thinning to
margin which is one cell thick ; cortical cells very small and indistinct,
inner large and irregular in size, hyaline ; lobulate ; lobules few, 3-4 ;
cuticle smooth; postical side with numerous narrow oval Nostoc
colonies imbedded in the fronds.

Dimensions. — Fronds 1 to 2 inches long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, .2 to .3
mm. thick ; Nostoc colonies .5 mm. long X .25 mm. wide.

Habitat. — Pipiriki, North Island, New Zealand; coll. W. A.
Setchell, 1904, no. 14. Type Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 213714.

Observations. — Although the plant was collected in considerable
quantity I have not been able to find any trace of J* or 5, so am not
able to say to ^Yhich sub-genus of Anthoceros the species belongs.
Mitten records only 4 species of Anthoceros from New Zealand, all
very different from the above, and Stephani records 6 Megaceros and
3 Anthoceros, to none of which does this species agree according to
his descriptions.

328 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

The plant has very much the appearance of an Aneura, to which
genus I thought it belonged, but Lang, to whom I submitted specimens
at once put me on the right track with some interesting information
as to the Nostoc colonies.

In the collection I have been able to pick out only a few stems
of two Lejeuneae, one probably Eulejeunea and the other Micro-
lejeunea, neither of which I am able to refer to any described New
Zealand species, but they are too few to publish safely as new.

Transmitted November 21, 1922. '

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

PLATE 83

Marchantia Setchellii sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Figs. 1 and 2. Frond, nat. size.

Fig. 3. Cross-section of frond, X 24.

Fig. 4. Cells near margin of frond, X 260.

Fig. 5. Median-scale, X 50.

Figs. 6, 7. Appendages, X 120.

Fig. 8. Mouth of stomata, X 260.

Fig. 9. Portion of fringe of cupule, X 120. {Marchantia subandina Spruce).

Fig. 10. Cross-section of frond, X 24.

Figs. 11, 12. Appendages, X 50.

[330]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 83

8

PLATE 84

Miccardia marginata (Colenso) comb, nov,

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Fronds, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Portion of frond, X 16.

Fig. 3. Cross-section of chief stem, X 50.

Fig. 4. The same of branch, X 50.

Fig. 5. Marginal cells, X 260.

Fig. 6. Calji^tra, X 24.

Fig. 7. Cross-section of same, X 50.

Fig. 8. Spores, X 260.

[332]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX, VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 84

o

8

Fig.

1.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

6.

PLATE 85

Biccardia Mstrata sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fronds, nat. size.
Portion of frond, X 11.
Cross-section of frond, X 120.
Cross-section of young frond, X 24.
Portion of frond, X 260.
Young female involucre, X 50.

[334]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON ] PLATE 85

XUJUOJLUPJiCCP

rcEcaj-iJXOi I " I niia>

PLATE 86

Biccardia riccioides sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Fronds, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Portion of frond, X 31.

Fig. 3. Cross-section of rhizome, X 24.

Fig. 4. Cross-section of trunk, X 24.

Fig. 5. Cross-section of branch, X 24.

Fig. 6. Calyptra, X 16.

Fig. 7. Cross-section of ealyjatra, X 24.

Fig. 8. Portion of calyptra, showing papillae, X 50.

Fig. 9. Portion of trunk ^Aith male amentula, X 16.

.3.'i6]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 86

PLATE 87

Symphyogyna microcalyptra sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plants, nat. size.

Figs. 2, 3. Cross-sections of frond, X 24.

Fig. 4. The same, X 50.

Figs. 5, 6. Bracts from base of calyptra, X 24.

Fig. 7. Calyptra, X 24.

Figs. 8, 9. Appendages and archegonia from apex of calyptra, X 24.

Figs. 10, 11. Perigonial bracts, X 50.

[3;58]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 87

<f^ 1

11^.

f

8

%

10

PLATE 88

Solenostnma brevissimum sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plants, nat. size.

Figs. 2-8. Leaves, X 24.

Fig. 9. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 10, 11. Bracts, X 24.

Fig. 12. Perianth, X 24.

Figs. 13-15. Cross-sections of perianth, X 24.

[340]

UNIV. CALIF, PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 88

13

14

15

PLATE 89
Plagiochila Kirkii Mitten
(W. H. P., ad uat. del.)

Figs. 1-4. Leaves. X 24.
Fig. 5. Bract, X 16.
Fig. 6. Periauth, X 16.

[342]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 89

PLATE 90

Plagiochila deltoidea Liudb.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Figs. 1-3. Leaves, X 16. (New Zealand, Setchell.)

Fig. 4. Portion of leaf near margin, X 260. (New Zealand, C. P. Smith.)

Fig. 5. The same near base, X 260. (New Zealand, C. P. Smith.)

[344]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 90

PLATE 91

PlagiocJiila neohoweana Pearson
(W. H. P., ad rat. del.)
Figs. 1, 2. Leaves, X 16. (Weymouth, Tasm. Hep., 1566.)
Figs. 3, 4. The same, X 16. (Weymouth, Tasm. Hep., 1562.)
Fig. 5. Portion of leaf near margin, X 260.
Fig. 6. The same near base, X 260. (Tasmania, E. A. Bastow.)

[346]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 91

td:Q

PLATE 92
Plagiochila arhuscula (Bridel) L. et L.
(W. H. P., ad iiat. del.)
Pigs. 1-4. Leaves, X 16.

[318]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOX. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 92

PLATE 93

Lepidozia plumulosn Lehm. et. Lindb.

(W. H. P., ad uat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plant, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Cross-section of stem, X 50.

Figs. 3, 4. Leaves, X 50.

Fig. 5. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 6, 7. Underleaves, X 50.

Figs. 8, 9. Bracts, X 24.

Fig. 10. Sub-bract, X 24.

Fig. 11. Bracteole, X 24.

Fig. 12. Perianth, X 24.

Fig. 13. Cross-section of perianth, X 24.

Fig. 14. Setae from mouth of perianth, X 50.

Fig. 15. Archegonium, X 50.

[350]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON ] PLATE 93

13

14

15

8

PLATE 94

Lepidozia brevipinna sp. nov.

(W. H. r., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plants, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Portion of branch, X 50.

Figs. 3-7. Leaves, X 24.

Fig. 8. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 9-11. Underleaves, X 24.

Fig. 12. Perigonial bract, X 50.

Fig. 13. Perigonial bracteole, X 50.

[352]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 94

r

^

10

11

13

12

PLATE 95

Isotachis minima sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plants, nat. size.

Figs. 2-7. Leaves, X 24.

Fig. 8. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 9-13. Underleaves, X 24.

Figs. 14-17. Perigonial bracts, X 24.

Figs. 18-20. Perigonial bracteoles, X 24.

[354]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 95

10

13

11

12

18

16

19

14

15

17 20

PLATE 96
Badula plicata Mitten
(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)
Fig. 1. Portion of stem, antieal view, X 24.
Figs. 2-6. Leaves, X 24.
Fig. 7. Leaf, X 50.
Figs. 8-10. Lobules, X 50.
Fig. 11. Perianth, X 24.

[356]

UNIV. CALIF, PUBL, BOT. VOL, 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 96

8

(fn\

11

10

PLATE 97

Bndula physoloha Mont.

(Figs. 1-3, W. H. P., ad nat. del. Figs. 4-7, after Dismier.)

Fig. 1. Portion of branch, X 24.
Figs. 2, 3. Leaves, X 24.
Figs. 4, 5. Leaves.

Figs. 6, 7. Perianths (Insulis Auckland ad Stictam, Mont. Astrolabe Museum
d'Hist. Nat. Paris).

:358]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 97

PLATE 98
Eadula fiavifolia (Tayl.) Nees.
(\V. H. P., ad nat. del.)
Fig. 1. Portion of branch, postical view, X 30.
Figs. 2-5. Leaves, X 50.
Fig. 6. Bract, X 50.
Fig. 7. Perianth, X 24. (Cape Horn, Herb. Taylor, Manchester Museum.)

[300]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 98

PLATE 99

Frullania Colensoana St.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plant, nat. size.

Pig. 2. Portion of stem, antical view, X 24.

Fig. 3. The same, postical view, X 24.

Figs. 4-10. Leaves, X 24.

Fig. 11. Leaf, X 50.

Fig. 12. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 13, 14. Underleaves, X 24.

Fig. 15. Underleaf, X 50.

Figs. 16, 17. Perigonial bracts, X 50.

Fig. 18. Perigonial bracteole, X 50.

[362]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON ] PLATE 99

f A

PLATE 100

Frullania fugax Tayl.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plant, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Portion of stem, postical view, X 50.

Fig. 3. Portion of branch, postical view, X 50.

Figs. 4-6. Leaves, lobes, X 50.

Fig. 7. Leaf with gemniiparous branchlet, X 50.

Fig. 8. Lobule, X 50.

Fig. 9. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 10-12. Underleavcs, X 50.

Figs. 13, 14. Bracts, X 50.

Figs. 15, 16. Bracteoles, X 50.

[364]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 100

15

16

8

PLATE 101

Frullania squarrulosa Hook. f. et Tayl.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plant, nat size.

Figs. 2-6. Leaves, X 24.

Fig. 7. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 8, 9. Underleaves, X 50.

Fig. 10. Bract, X 24.

Fig. 11. Bracteole, X 24.

Fig. 12. Perianth, X 24.

Fig. 13. Cross-section of perianth, X 24.

[366]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT, VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 101

8

11

13

foMP

PLATE 102

FruUania Sctchellii sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Fig. 1. Plant, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Portion of stem, postical view, X 50.

Figs. 3-6. Leaves, X 50.

Fig. 7. Lobules, X 50.

Fig. 8. Portion of leaf, X 260.

Figs. 9-12. Underleaves, X 50.

Fig. 13. Bract, X 50.

Fig. 14. Bracteole, X 50.

[368]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 102

10

OCX

8 OOOC^

PLATE 103

Anthoceros nostocoides sp. nov.

(W. H. P., ad nat. del.)

Figs. 1,2. Plants nat. size.

Fig. 3. Portion of frond, X 11.

Fig. 4. Apex of frond, X 24.

Fig. 5. Cross-section of frond, X 24.

Fig. 6. The same, X 50.

Fig. 7. The same with Nostoc colony, X 24.

[370]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 103

MORE NEW ZEALAND HEPATICAE

BY
WILLIAM HENRY PEARSON

University of California Publications in Botany

Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 373-392, plates 104-109

Issued June 9, 1923

MORE NEW ZEALAND HEPATICAE

BY
WILLIAM HENRY PEARSON

The following is a list of species, in a further collection from the
North Island made by Professor AV. A. Setchell in 1904, arranged
according to Stephani's Species Hepaticarum.

Where the specimens could be divided, a set has been deposited
in the Manchester Museum, in England, but the type specimens of
the new species are deposited in the Herbarium of the University of
California.

Aneura ?

No (^ or 5- Specimen small and imperfect.
Habitat. — Taupo, May 15. No. 45.

Metzgeria chilensis St.

Observations. — Fronds small, narrow, more or less revolute ; costa
with 2 antical and 2 postical cells, setose; wings naked or sometimes
setose ; cells without trigones.

Stephani describes the wings as naked, but I find some setose.

Habitat.— Oi^eY)e, May 17. No. 53.

Pallavicinia Setchellii sp. nov.

Plate 104, figures 1-6

Dioicous ; small to medium size, yellowish to brownish green in
color ; densely caespitose ; stem firm, procumbent, radiculose ; rhizoids
abundant near the base, pale reddish bro^vn in color, naked at and
near base, then narrowly winged, afterwards abruptly dilated into a
linear, narrowly oblong, or rarely suborbicular frond, simple or
furcate at the apex, some wings connivant, others flat or slightly
undulate ; costa broad, plano-convex ; cross-section of costa showing
a central band of 50 broad and 10 thick, of minute cells, with 5 larger
above and 5 below ; wings ?> to 4 cells thick near the costa, gradually
becoming thinner to the margin, where they are one cell thick; cells
medium to rather large, quadrate, 4, 5, and 6-sided, walls thin; no
trigones ; margin distantly dentate-serrate, teeth hamate, 3 to 4 cells

S74 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

wide at their base, 3 to 4 cells lonor; inflorescence antical J arising
from costa; involucre cup-shaped, laciniate. laeiniae short, acute,
numerous; archegonia long, narrow, reddish brown, 30; perianth
young and imperfect. No J* seen.

Dimensions. — Plants 2 cm. long; fronds 8 ram. long X 4 mm. wide ;
casta. 75 mm. wide X -5 mm. thick; cells of wings .035 mm. to .045
mm. ; marginal teeth .35 mm. long ; involucre 2 mm. high X 1 mm.
broad ; archegonia .4 mm. long X -Oo mm. wide.

Observations. — The only Pallavicinia from New Zealand with
which to compare P. Sctchellii is P. connivens (Colenso) St., which
has, according to Stephani's description (Proc. Linn. Soc, p. 270,
1893), reniform or sub-circular fronds, which are repeatedly furcate,
texture fleshy, marginal teeth straight, archegonia 6 to 8, with cells
0.025 mm. (Sp. Hep., p. 324, 1900). P. Setchellii has usually linear,
more rarely sub-orbicular fronds, with firm texture, marginal teeth
hamate, archegonia 30. Sterile forms of Pallavicinia may be mistaken
for Symphyogyna, which genus has also an antical inflorescence, but
as Stephani remarks (Proc. Linn Soc, p. 271, 1893), "The cylindrical
involucre distinguishes Pallavicinia at once from Symphyogyna, the
pistils of which are merely covered by a scale free at the sides and
inserted on the frond by its base alone, so that it can be turned back-
wards without a rupture." I add a figure of bract of Symphyogyna
grandibracieata St., a specimen of which I took occasion to compare
with my plant.

Through the kindness of the Director of Kew, I have been able to

see the original specimens of Pallavicinia connivens (Col.) St. The

plant is much smaller, with a long stipe, which abruptly dilates into

a radiate frond, margin with a few coarse teeth which might almost

be called segments.

Habitat.— Tauipo, Mav 16, 1904. No. 34. Tvpe Herb. Univ. Calif..
No. 213704.

Symphyogjoia Hymenophyllum (Hooker) M. et N.
Syn. Hep., p. 480.

Habitat. — Pipiriki, May. No. 97.

Solenostoma brevissimum Pearson
Habitat.— T&npo, May 15. No. 45. Pipiriki. May. No. 98.

1923] Pearson: More Neic Zealand Hepaticae 375

Lophocolea heterophylloides Nees

Habitat . — Whangerei, July 14. No. 52 with periantlis and J*.
Tanpo, May 16, No. 88; Tanpo, Mav 15. No. 46; Island Bar, June 5,
No. 42. '

Observations, No. 38. — This is a very variable and difficult species
to understand. Some forms seem so different from the type that one
feels inclined to consider them as distinct, but the characters vary so
much in the same tufts and even on the same plant that I have solved
the difficulty by lumping them together.

Observations, No. 46. — This is a small male form with leaves entire,
retuse or emarginate, and with underleaves free, bifid with exterior
tooth on both sides.

Observations, No. 42. — The specimen represents a small, flaccid

innovant form, with numerous involucres but no perianths. The

involucres are compressed and that, along with the comparatively

large patulous underleaves, gives it the appearance of a Leioscyphus.

I add the notes I made on its examination.

Stem 1 cm. long, simple or rarely with a small branch, repeatedly
innovant, 3 times; on a cross-section, stem broader than thick, some-
what angular, 15 cells by 10, cortical cells 30, similar to the inner ;
leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, rotundate, retuse or on the young
branches bifid ; cells small to smallish, quadrate, 4, 5 and 6-sided, walls
thick, trigones very small ; underleaves roundish-quadrate, bifid to
about the middle, long tooth on exterior side of segments, segments
acuminate, narrowly connate with one or both leaves, patulous, stand-
ing off from the stem ; sub-bracts entire, often with a minute tooth at
their base ; bracts broadly ovate, entire, apex obtuse or rotundate ;
bracteole quinquedentate ; perianth (young) with mouth laciniate;
archegonia 20 ; perigonial bracts oval, ventricose.

Lophocolea heterophylloides Nees. var. crassiflora var nov.

Plate 105

Dioicous ; medium size ; yellowish green in color ; stems slightly
ramose; leaves oblong-obovate, entire or slightly retuse, upper leaves
and sub-bracts with 1 or 2 minute teeth near the base, cells smallish
small to smallish, quadrate, 4, 5 and 6-sided, walls firm, no trigones;
underleaves large, roundish-quadrate, 6 or 7 segments, the two inner
segments largest, lanceolate acuminate ; bracts oblong, apex with few
teeth or laeinae, with a large tooth near base; perianth large, firm,
3 or 4 cells thick near base, mouth laciniate.

Dimensions. — Stem 3 to 4 cm. long; with leaves 2 mm. wide ; diam.
of stem .3 mm. ; leaves 2 mm. X 1-5 mm., 1.5 mm. X 1 mm., 1 mm. X
.75 mm; cells .02 mm., .03 mm.; underleaves 1.25 mm. X -75 mm..

r!76 University of California PuhUcations in Botany [^^ol. lo

segments. 75 mm., 1 mm. X 1 mm., seg. .5 ram. ; bracts 3 mm. X 1.5
mm., bracteole 2 mm. X 1-5 mm., seg. .75 mm.; perianth 4 mm. X
2 mm.

Habitat.— Tiiupo, May. No. 49. Type Herb. Univ. Calif., No.

213703.

Observations. — For a time I was inclined to look upon this form
as a distinct species, but, after repeated examination and comparison
with all my other specimens of L. heterophylloides, I refer it as a
variety under this species. The large, 6 and 7-toothed underleaves,
the 1 or 2 minute teeth on the upper leaves and sub-bracts at their
base, the large, firm perianths 3 to 4 cells thick near the base, seem
to justify its separation, but the findings of young bifid leaves and the
approach to its other characters in other specimens of L. heterophyl-
loides induce me to consider it as only a variety of this variable
species.

Lophocolea minuta n. sp.

Plate 106

Dioieous; small, yellowish green in color; terricolous; loosely
caespitose; stem simple or rarely with a thin, short branch; cortical
cells 30, similar in size to inner, which are 8X8; leaves spreading or
secund, patent-divergent (70°) to patent (50°), distant or approxi-
mate, narrowly oblong or ovate, bifid to nearly the middle, segments
lanceolate, acuminate, 8 cells wide at the base, 20 cells long, incurved
or spreading, sinus rounded; antical margin slightly decurrent;
postical margin extending to the middle of stem; cells smallish,
quadrate or oblong-quadrate, walls firm, trigones small but distinct ;
underleaves free, moderately large, bipartite to two-thirds or three-
fourths, disk broadly cuneate or broadly quadrate, segments lanceo-
late, acuminate, with an exterior segment on each side near the
middle, about a third or fourth the length of the segment ; bracts and
sub-bracts larger than the leaves; bracts narrowly oval, bifid to
nearly the middle, segments lanceolate, acuminate, with a small tooth
on the exterior side of one segment ; perianth large, oblong, obovate,
trigonous, wingless, mouth wide, laciniate, laciniae 6 to 8, entire or
slightly dentate; androecia intercalular on smaller and more delicate
stems, 4 to G pairs of bracts, secund, closely imbricate, ventricose,
bifid to about the middle, perigonial bracteole quadrate, bifid to the
middle with small tooth on exterior side of each lanceolate segment.

Hahitat.—TRXiYio, May 16. No. 48. Tvpe Herb. Univ. Calif., No.
213702.

Dimensions. — Stem 1 em. long ; diam. of stem .1 mm. ; with leaves
1 mm. wide; leaves .9 mm. X .45 mm., segments .35 mm., .8 mm. X
,35 mm., seg. .4 mm., ,75 mm. X .3 mm., seg. .35 mm. ; cells .02 mm. ;
underleaves .5 mm. X .35 mm., seg. 35 mm.. .475 mm X -25 mm., seg.
.3 mm. ; bracts 1.75 mm. X .6 mm., seg. .75 mm. ; bracteole 1.25 mm,
X .6 mm., seg, .6 mm. ; perianth 2 mm, X -75 mm, ; perigonial bract
.4 mm. X .3 mm., seg. .2 ram.

1923] Pearson: More New Zealand Hepaticae 377

Observations. — Mitten, in Handbook of the New Zealand Flora,
reduces eight of Hooker and Taylor's small bifid-leaved LopJiocoIeae
to three species. I have had the opportunity of examining these eight
species, about which I hope to write later on, but L. minuta agrees
with none of them.

Lophocolea minuta is one of the smallest perfectly developed
species of the genus I have seen.

Lepidozia capilligera L. et L.

Lindenb. et Gottsche, p. 25, tab. IV.

Bracts oval, apex bidentate, with few minute teeth, perianth
cylindrical, acuminate, mouth very small with few, short setae.
Habitat.— O^QV^, May 17. No. 40 and No. 44.

Observations. — The narrow segments of the leaves (2 to 3 cells
broad at base) with large cells induce me to refer these specimens to
this species.

Lepidozia quadrifida L. et G.

Lindenb. et Gottselie, Sp. Hep.
Habitat. — Pipiriki, May. No. 98,

Lepidozia pendulina (Hook.)
HaUtat.—O^^Q^e, May 17. No. 40.

Lepidozia hippuroides Tayl.

Habitat. — Opepe, May 17. No. 44.

Observations. — Stephani says (Sp. Hep., vol. Ill, p. 595) : "This
species has been referred to Lepidozia capillaris (a Jamaica plant)
to my amazement (by Mitten in Handbook New Zealand Flora, p. 523).
The figure in the Antarctic Voyage is unfortunately quite mislead-
ing."

Lepidozia Novae Zealandiae St.

Dioicous ; small, stems 2 cm. long, pinnate or bipinnate, flagel-
liferous; leaves not verj^ deeply quadrified, segments 6 cells wide at
base ; cells small ; underleaves broadly quadrate, quadrifid to the
middle, 3 or 4 cells wide at base ; perianths on short postical branches,
very small, narrowly oblong, mouth constricted, with few short setae ;

378 University of California PuhJications in Botany [Vol.10

bracts broadly oval, .sub-ontirc, slightly dentate or emarginate at apex ;
bracteole smaller, ovate, tri-qiiadridentate at apex ; androecia on very
short, postical branches; very small, subglobose, 2 pairs of perigonial
bracts.

H ah it at. —Opepc, May 17. Nos. 40 and 44. Taupo, May 16.
No. 38.

Observations. — I have type specimens of this very distinct species.
Neither J' nor 5 is described by Stephani, but I have found both on
Professor Setchell's specimens.

Frullania (Galeiloba) laciniaeflora sp. no v.

Dioicous; small, pale, greenish brown in color, intricately caespi-
tose; stems irregularly ramose, branches spreading, pinnate or bi-
pinnate, horizontally inserted, vaginate, imbricate, recurved or
squarrose, oval, appendiculate, appendix rotundate ; lobule small,
galeate, sub-rotund, mouth wide, erect or slightly divergent from stem,
often explanate, then lanceolate, obtuse ; cells small, quadrate, 4, 5, or
6-sided, walls and angles thick, nodulose; underleaves large, three
times broader than the stem, sub-orbicular, margin entire, bifid to
one-fourth, segments triangular, acute, sinus acute ; inflorescence on
short branches, very numerous, usualty imperfect ; bracts wath lobe
broadly oval, apex rotundate or obtuse, lobule lanceolate, acute,
unidentate on one side near the middle or entire ; bracteole oblong-
quadrate, bifid to the middle or below, slightly dentate, segments
broadly lanceolate; perianth projecting about one-half beyond the
bracts, broadly oval, tri-plicate, keels obtuse, densely covered with
erect laciniae, beak short ; spores brown, tuberculate, 15-20 on face.
Androecia on more delicate and simpler stems, produced on short
alternate branches, globose, 3 pairs of bracts, perigonial bracts, lobe
semi-rotund, entire, apex obtuse, lobule broadly lanceolate, apex acute.

Habitat. — Kahikanui. near Whakapara, Julv 8. No. 50. Tvpe
Herb. Univ. Calif., No. 213701.

Dimensions. — Stems 2 cm. long ; with leaves 1 mm. wide ; diameter
of stem .2 mm. ; leaves, lobes .75 mm. X .6 mm., 85 mm. X .6 mm. ;
lobule .2 mm. X .15, explanate .2 mm. X .075 mm.; cells. 02 mm.;
underleaves .5 mm. X .5 mm., segments .15 mm., .5 mm. X -45 mm.,
seg. .15 mm., .45 mm. X .45 mm., seg. .15 mm. ; bracts, lobe .7 mm. X
.6 mm., lobule .6 mm. X .3 mm. ; bracteole .55 mm. X .4 mm., seg.
.3 mm. ; perianth 1.25 mm. X 1 mm. ; valve of capsule .65 mm. X
.325 mm. ; spores .03 mm. ; elaters .25 mm. long X -02 mm. wide ;
perigonial bract, lobe 5 mm. X .3 mm., lobule .45 mm. X .2 mm.;
antheridia .15 mm. X .1 mm.

Observations. — There are two FruUanias recorded from New Zea-
land with hairy perianths; viz., F. pycantha Tayl. and F. rostellata
Mitten. T have seen the original specimens of both and with neither
of them does F. lacinaeflora agree. F. pycantha Tayl. is a much
more robust species, stems 4 to 5 cm. long, reddish brown in color,

1923] Pearson: 3Iorc New Zealand Hepaticae 379

branches narrowly pinnate, leaves very sq^^arrose, underleaves longer
than broad. Stephani, in his description, Sp. Hep., says: "appendix
subligulate, rotundate, connivent, lobule with large beak, underleaves
small, only a little broader than the stem, broadly obcuneate, lobes
apiculate; perianth obovate; bracts, lobe obovate-acute, lobule interior
margin coarsely lacerate, bracteole coarsely spinose. "

F. rostellata Mitten, of which the original specimen was kindly
loaned to me by the Director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew,
has leaves concave, not squarrose ; horizontally inserted, not vaginate,
larger cells with large trigones, ovate-oblong (1 mm. X -65 mm) ;
lobule very large, longly decurved, hooked with a long beak ; and has
underleaves with dentate margins; perianth obovate-oblong, laciniae
much larger and longer, 6 cells long, with beak very long.

In F. Jacinaefiora, the minute lacinae with which the perianth is
clothed are unique, so far as observation goes. They are very minute
and numerous. I counted more than a hundred on the antical side
which are 3 cells long and 3 cells wide at their base, all pointing
upwards. The spores are also very singular, being regularly and
beautifulh^ tuberculate and having on their face 15 to 20 little circular
dots, which are more evident on the younger spores. The only capsule
I saw was hvaline with a short seta.

Frullania (Galeiloba) obtusiloba sp. nov.

Plates 107 and 108

Sterile ; small ; pale brown in color : densely and intricately
caespitose ; stems irregularly ramose, branches bipinnate ; leaves dis-
tant below, imbricate above, horizontally (90°) inserted, antical
(upper) margin extending beyond the stem, broadly oval, apex rotun-
date, exappendiculate, gemmiparous, gemmae in small clusters on the
margin, amorphous; cells minute, walls thick, nodulose, also at the
angles; lobule galeate, mouth truncate, often explanate, then lanceo-
late; underleaves small, twice as broad as stem, orbicular or broadly
oval, emarginate to about one-fourth, segments broad, obtuse or
rotundate, sinus wide, rounded. No J* or 5 seen.

Habitat. — Island Bav, June 5. No. 43. Type Herb. Univ. Calif.,
No. 213700.

Dimensions. — Stems 2 cm. long; diam. 1 mm. ; with leaves .75 mm.
wide ; leaves, lobe .7 mm. X .55 mm., lobule .2 mm. X -125 mm. ; cells
.0125 mm. ; underleaves .3 mm. X -3 mm., 25 mm. X .25 mm., .225 mm.
X .3 mm., segments .075 mm.

Observations. — The only Frullania belonging to the Galeiloba
section which has exappendiculate leaves is F. decurvifolia St., and

380 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

this differs from F. ohtusiloha in having lobules as broad as high
(.27 mm.), not broader than high (.2 mm. X .125 mm.) ; underleaves
three times broader than the stem, not twice, obeuneate not orbicular ;
margin dentate on both sides, not entire ; with segments subacute, not
obtuse or rotundate. It is somewhat of a risk to found a new species
on sterile Frullania plants, but the remarkable obtuse or rotundate
segments of the underleaves enable the plant to be distinguished
readily from any other.

Aspiroraitus novazealandica sp. nov,

Plate 109

Monoicous; small, dark green in color, terricolous, densely caespi-
tose; fronds solid, 10 cells thick at the middle, 50-60 cells wide,
cortical cells dark, walls thick, inner cells hyaline, broadly cuneate,
lobate, margins laciniate-dentate, crispate; cuticle tuberculate;
involucre small and short, 5 cells thick near base, at mouth thin,
lacerate ; capsule reddish brown, stomatif erous ; male alveoles adjacent
to each other, crowded ; antheridia solitary, large, stipitate, stipe 6
single cells long.

Habitat.— Taupo, Mav 16, 1904. Nos. 36 and 47. Tvpes Herb.
Univ. Calif., Nos. 213698, 213699.

Dimensions. — Fronds 1 cm. long and broad ; lobes 3 to 4 mm. long,
2 mm. to 4 mm. broad, .75 mm. thick ; involucres 1.5 mm. to 2.5 mm.
long X -6 mm. to .75 mm. broad; capsule 3 cm. long; stomata .03 mm.
X .02 mm. ; antheridia .25 mm. X .225 mm.

Observations. — This is the first Aspiromitus recorded from New
Zealand; it is remarkable for its small and short involucres and the
crowded, large alveolas with large solitary antheridia.

The specimens were much overrun with Solenostoma brevissimum
Pearson, making it difficult to make a satisfactory examination. Only
young spores and elaters were observed.

PLATE 104

Fallavicinia Setcliellii sp. nov.

.Fig. 1. Plants, natural size.

Fig. 2. Frond, antical view. X 11.

Fig. 3. Cross-section of frond. X 24.

Fig. 4. Marginal tooth of frond. X 50.

Fig. 5. Portion of frond near margin. X 260.

Fig. 6. Involucre, explanate. X 24.

Symphyogyna grandihracteata St.
Fig. 7. Bract. X 24.

[382]

UNIV, CALIF. PUBL, BOT, VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 104

PLATE 105

Lophocolea heterophylloides var. crassiflora var. nov.

Fig. 1. Plants, natural size.

Fig. 2. Portion of branch, antieal view. X 16.

Fig. 3. Portion of branch, postical view. X 24.

Figs. 4, 5. Leaves. X 24.

Fig. 6. Portion of leaf. X 260.

Figs. 7-9. Underleaves, X 24.

Figs. 10, 11. Bracts. X 11.

Fig. 12. Bracteole. X 11.

Fig. 13. Perianth. X 11.

[384]

UNIV. CALIF, PUBL, BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 105

PLATE 106
Lophocolea minuta sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Plants, natural size.

Fig. 2. Portion of stem, antical view. X 24.

Figs. 3, 4. Leaves. X ."^0.

Fig. .5. Portion of leaf. X 260.

Fig. 6, 7. Underleaves. X 50.

Fig. 8, I). Bracts. X 24.

Fig. 10. Bracteole. X 24.

Fig. 11. Perianth. X 24.

Fig, 12. Perigonial bract. X 50.

Fig. 13. Perigonial bracteole. X 50.

[386]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 106

10

8

13

PLATE 107

FruUania (GaJeiloha) ohtusiloha sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Plant, natural size.

Fig. 2. Portion of stem, antical view. X 24.

Fig. 3. Portion of stem, postical view. X 24.

Figs. 5, 6. Leaves. X 24.

Fig. 7. Portion of leaf. X 260.

Figs. 8-11. Underleaves. X 24.

Fig. 12. TJnderleaf. X 50.

Fig. 13. Bract. X 50.

Fig. 14. Bracteole. X 50.

Fig. 15. Perianth. X24.

Fig. 16. Spore. X 260.

Fig. 17. Perigonial bract. X 50.

[388]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL, BOT. VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 107

8

13

16

17

PLATE 108

Frullania (Galeilola) oitusifolia sp. nov,

Fig. 1. Plant, natural size.

Fig. 2. Portion of stem, antical view. X 50.

Fig. 3. Portion of stem, postical view. X 50.

Figs. 4, 5. Leaves. X 50.

Fig. 6. Portion of leaf. X 260.

Figs. 7-9. Underleaves. X 50.

[390]

UNiV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT, VOL. 10

[PEARSON] PLATE 108

D

D

O'

O

8

PLATE 109
Aspiromitus novazelandica sp. nov.

Fig. 1. Plant, natural size.

Fig. 2. Portion of frond. X 11.

Fig. 3. Portion of frond, male. X H.

Fig. 4. Cross-section of frond. X 16.

Fig. 5. Involucre. X 24.

Fig. 6. Cross-section of involucre, near base. X 24.

Fig. 7. Stomata on capsule wall. X 260.

Fig. 8. Antheridium. X 50.

[392]

UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT, VOL. 10

[ PEARSON ] PLATE 109

8

ERRA.TA

University of California Publications in Botany
Volume 10. Nos. 6 and 7

(Setchell, Parasitic Florideae, II.

Setchell, a Revision of the ^Yest North American Species of
Callophyllis. )

Pag-e 893, line 15. For albido read albidis.

Page 393, line 20. For carpostomi, read carpostomio.

Page 395^ line ^5.'{ ^^'' Gonmiophyllum read Gonimophyllum.
Page 394, line 31. For mentibus read nentibns.
p^^^onc' Tne 19 [ ^^^ NitophyUu-m read NitrophyUum.

Page 399, line 15. For maxiraate read maxima.
Page 399, line 19. For systoearpic read, c^/stocarpic.
Page 397. Under "Key" expand the first two lines to:

1. Cystocarps on terminal segments only 2

1. Cystocarps marginal (or on lateral lobes) only 4

1. Cystocarps largely on the 'disk' of the frond 9

700-9,'23

PARASITIC FLORIDEAE, II

BY
WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL

University of California Publications in Botany

Vol. 10, Nos. 6 and 7, pp. 393-401

Issued May 24, 1923

Library

NEW YORK

BOT

PARASITIC FLORIDEAE, II

BY

WILLIAM ALBEET SETCHELL

In 1914 (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-34), pi. 1-6)
I published what was intended to be the first of several papers on the
floridean parasites, especially on floridean hosts. The publication of
other species than those of Janczewskia has been delayed by pressure
from other projects.

In 1918 (Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, vol. 57, pp. 155-172), I reviewed
the progress made in our knowledge of the parasitism of the Red
Algae and (pp. 165, 166) referred to certain unnamed species in my
possession, but as yet unpublished.

It seems best, therefore, to publish the diagnosis of several new
genera and species, awaiting the completion of the work of more
thorough illustration and the drawing up of more complete descrip-
tions?, which are, however, in advanced preparation.

Gracilariophila Gardner! sp. nov.

Frondibus 3-3.5 ram. diam., albido, depresso-tuberculiformibus
tetrasporiferis superficialiter laevigatis, cystocarpiferis superficialiter
cum cystocarpiis mammillatis ; tetrasporangiis per frondem totam,
sub superficiem, regulariter s]')arsis, cruciatim divisis; cystocarpiis
superficiem frondis totam tegentibus, proeminentibus. placentis
exiguis, sporis catenatis, carpostomi apicali, pericarpio crasso, stratis
cellularum numerosis, cellulis, internis majoribus, hyalinis, externis
angustis. coloratis, in seriebus anticlinis ordinatis, superficialibus
verticaliter elongatis, composito.

Parasitic on Gracilaria Cvnninghamii J. Ag., near Santa Monica,
California, January, 1913, N. L. Gardner, No. 2576.

Gracilariophila seems to be quite distinct from HarveyeUa (cf. how-
ever, Eddelbiittel. Bot. Zeit., vol. 60, p. 230, 1910) and G. Gardneri
is a larger species than G. orfizoides Setch. and AVilson. with cystocarps
projecting more conspicuously.

394 University of California Piihlications in Botany [Vol. lo

Faucheocolax gen. nov.

Genus Floridcarum parasiticnm in structura frnctifieationeque
ad Faucheam arete approximans; frondibiis albidis aut albido-luteis,
verrucaeformibus, parte basali solidis, ramos fertiles paucos aut
numerosos emittentibus; tetrasporangiis cystocarpiisque et quoque
structura frondis iisdem specierum Faucheae, sed frondibus para-
sitieis et decoloratis.

Faucheocolax attenuata sp. nov.

Frondibus circa 2 mm. diam. ; ramis fertilibus brevibus simplicibus
aut ramosis, tetrasporantriiferis basi plus minusve tumidis, supra
attenuatis. cystoearpiiferis supra in cystocarpiis terminatis, tetra-
sporangiis cruciatis.

Parasitic on Fauchea lacini-ata J. Ag,, Carmel Bay, California,
May, 1915, N. L. Gardner, No. 2867.

This species is probably widespread on the Pacific coast of North
America, but I quote, here, only the locality of the type.

Rhod3Tneniocolax gen. nov.

Genus Floridearum parasiticum in structura frnctifieationeque
Rhodymeniam arete approximans ; frondibus minutis, e basi solidis,
exiguis, hostam plane penetrantibus ramos curtos crassosque irregu-
lares et indistincte ramulosos gerentibus, oriendis,

Rhodymeniocolax botryoidea sp. nov.

Frondibus circa 8 mm. latis ; ramis usque ad 0.75 mm. altis ; cysto-
carpiis terminalibus.

Parasitic on RJwdymenia Pahnettaf, Whites Point, San Pedro,
California, June, 1908, N. L. Gardner, No. 2067.

Gonmiophyllum Skottsbergii sp. nov.

Frondibus nanis, membranaceis, confertis, rosulatis, lobatis, plus
minusve irregulariter laeiniatis et cucullatis, usque ad 5 mm. latis,
dilute rosea; tetrasporangiis polysporis massam globosam conti-
mentibus, sporis radiatim positis, regulariter sparsis; cj'stocarpiis
unilateral iter proeminentibus.

Parasitic on the stout basal portions of Nitophyllum Ruprecht-
ianum J. Ag.. at Lands Fiud, San Francisco, California, December,
1905, W. A. Setchell, No. 6227.

This is a plant frequently found in rosettes at the base of the
"stipe" of Nitophyllum Ruprechtianum J. Ag. all along the Pacific
coa-st of North America. I have quoted only the type specimen since

1923] SetcheU: Parasitic Florideae, II 395

more careful study of materials from other localities must be made.
Unfortunately I have no material for careful comparison with G.
Buffhami Batters. The polyspores are possiblj^ a sufficient character-
istic upon which to found a new genus. There are certain peculiarities
of vegetative structure, also, tending away from Gonmiophyllum.

Polycoryne Gardner! sp. nov.

Frondibus in pulvinulo 2-3 mm. diam. aggregatis, albidis ; ramis
e centro communi exiguo solido radiantibus, tetrasporangiiferis usque
ad 3 mm. longis nunc apiee nunc medio tumidis, aut oblongis, cysto-
carpiferis curtis, usque ad 1 mm. longis, cystocarpiis in parte basali
positis apice attenuatis acutisque.

Parasitic on NitophyUnm Andersonianum J. Ag., Point Cavallo,
Marin County, California, October, 1913, N. L. Gardner, No. 2594.

This species, the second to be referred to the genus Polycoryne, is
readily to be distinguished from P. radiata Skottsberg by the basal
position of the cystocarp and the proportionally longer acute tip of
the cystocarpic branch! et. P. radiata was detected at Maihafen in
South Georgia Island in the Antarctic Ocean, para-sitic on a species
of Nitrophyllum, probably N. polydactyhim.

StromatocarpiTS Gardneri sp. nov.

Frondibus pulvinulos 2.5 mm. diam. formantibus, atropurpureis ;
filamentis basalibus et hostem penetrantibus monosiphoneis, dense
confertis; filamentis superis liberis polysiphoneis, sparse ramosis,
cellulis pericentralibus 4, tetrasporangiis in curtis, leviter tumidis
stichidiis, in serie singulari, tripartitis ; antheridiis oblongo-ellipsoideis ;
cystocarpiis magnis ; pilis nullis.

Parasitic on Pterosiphonia Baileyi (Harv.) Falk., near Santa
Monica, California, Februarv^ 1912, N. L. Gardner, No. 2475.

Our plant is much longer than ;S'. parasitica Falk., has less swollen
stichidia and antheridia and has the tetrasporangia in a single series
in the stichidium. It has something more nearly approachng a solid
base than is described for 8. parasitica.

S. parasitica is cited from Cape Colony, South Africa.

Plocamiocolax gen. nov.

Genus Florid earum parasiticum in structura frondis et fructi-
ficatione Plocamium arete approximans; frondibus minutis filiform-
ibus e centro communi, solido, exiguosissimo radiantibus, albidis.

396 TJnivfrsitii of Calif oniia Puh! leaf ions in Botany [Vol. 10

Plocamiocolax pulvinata, sp. nov.

Frondibiis piilvinatis, usque ad 4 mm. latis, albidis aut albido-
luteis; ramis usquo ad 2.5 mm. loiifris. 0.25 mm. latis, sparse ramosis,
rectis et sinuosis: tetrasporaiijiriis in soris verrucosis, lateralibus,
botryoideo-ag:g:regatis ; cystocarpiis terminalibus aut lateralibus,
proeminentibus, carpostomiura ostendentibus.

Parastic on Plocamium coccineum, Carrael Bay, California, May,
1915, N. L. Gardner, No. 2869.

A REVISION OF THE WEST NORTH

AMERICAN SPECIES OF

CALLOPHYLLIS

BY
WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL

A EEA^ISION OF THE WEST NORTH AMERICAN
SPECIES OF CALLOPHYLLIS

BY
WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL

The North American species of CallophyUis have never been
revised, or even critically studied. Some years ago Dr. Olive Swezy,
at the advice of the writer, made a critical study of our West Coast
forms and the writer himself has since extended these observations.
The greater number of the species referred to, or possibly referrable
to, this genus have been examined and the following arrangement has
been adopted.

This account is preliminary to a full discussion at some later date.

Key to the Species of Callophyllis of the Pacific Coast op North America

1. Cystocarps on terminal segments only 2

1. Cystocarps marginal (or on lateral lobes) only 9

2. Congested at the very tips, projecting C. acrocarpa

2. Subterminal, on ultimate laciniae 3

3. Immersed - C. flabelliilata

3. Projecting -- C. filicina

4. On tips of lateral lobes -- C. odonthalioides

4. Along the margins 5

5. Mostly projecting from the margins 6

5. Just within the margins 7

6. Frond over 400/x thick C. crassifolia

6. Frond under 400/^ thick C. marginifructa

7. Margins of the frond finely crisped 8

7. Margins plane and entire C. Gardner!

8. Cystocarps scattered C. stenophylla

8. Cystocarps crowded C. Thompsonii

9. Margins crisped, laciniate, or proliferous 10

9. Margins nearly or completely entire 11

10. Margins crisped C. crenulata

10. Margins crowded with narrow, slender, compound laciniae

C. plumosa

10. Margins with regular, broad, stalked pinnules C. pinnata

11. Frond dichotomous below, pinnate above 12

11. Frond dichotomous throughout 13

12. Fronds under 400fi thick, cystocarps small C. violacea

12. Fronds over 600/^ thick, cystocarps large C. megalocarpa

IJ98 I'^icn'sili/ of (Uilifornid Publications in Botanij [Vol. 10

l;{. Frond thin (undor 200/i tliick) C. heanophylla

13. Frond medium thick (200-300^ thick) C. dissecta

U. Frond thick (500-700^ thick) C. obtusifoUa

Callophyllis acrocarpa sp. nov.

Projiflibus 3-5 cm. altis, laete nihris, complanatis, 5-6-plo dicho-
tomo-iMimatis, int'erne usque 6 mm. diam., supra august is et acute
laciniatis, angulis acutis praecipue supernis; cystocarpiis ad apices
pinuularum ultimarum conp^estis, maxime proeminentibus; tetra-
sporaufriis in pinuulus ultimis sparsis.

Santa Cruz, California, C. L. Anderson, Mrs. M. Tuttle, type, ?
and + Herb. Univ. Calif., No. 150912; Santa Barbara, California,
Mrs. S. P. Cooper.

Callophyllis filicina Setchell et Swezy sp. nov.

Frond ibus 5-8 cm. altis, e disco communi gregariis, laete usque
atro rubro, infra dichotomis, superne dichotomo pinnatis, praecipue
opposito, alterne, aut secundato pinnatis (in fronde eadem), corym-
boso-complanatis, ramulis ultimis laciniato-dentatis aut lobatis, e basi
ad apicem diametro constante ; cj'Stocarpiis seofmenta ultima occu-
pantibus, subterminalibus, maxime proeminentibus; tetrasporangiis
ramulos supernos occupantibus.

Venice, California, N. L. Gardner, type $, no. lOl^g ; La Jolla,

Mrs. M. S. Snyder, type +, Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 77819.

Callophyllis crassifolia Setchell et Swezy sp. nov.

Frondibus usque 12-13 cm. altis, obscure rubris, crassis carno-
sisque, e disco oriendis, inferne flabellatis, superne plus minusve
pinnatis, pinnis ultimis laciniatis, segmentis in latitudine e basi ad
apicem gradatim decrescentibus, omnibus plus minusve cuneatis;
cystocarpiis definite marginalibus, seriatis aut sparsis, proeminentibus.

Pacific Grove, California, Mrs. J. M. Weeks, type $, Herb. Univ.
Calif., no. 92800; Santa Cruz, California, C. L. Anderson.

Callophyllis marginifriicta Setchell et Swezy sp. nov.

Frondibus gregariis, us(iue ad 12 cm. altis, saturate rubris, com-
parative tenuibus, membranaceisque, basi attenuatis et crassis, mox
expansis, superne latis, complanatis, tenuibus, inferne flabellato-
ramosis superne plus minusve dichotomo-pinnatis; cystocarpiis stricte
in marginibus ])ositis, \^ilgo seriatis, nunc sparsis aut inferne leviter
intramarginalibus, i)roeminentibus.

San Pedro, California, Miss JMary T. Reynolds, type $, Herb.
Univ. Calif., no. 92797. Apparently a frequently occurring plant on
the coasts of central and southern California.

1923] Setchell : A Revisimi of West North American CallophijUis 399

Callophyllis stenophylla sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 15 cm. altis, saturate rubris, membranaceo-
chartaceis di-trichomoto-flabellatis ; segmentis planis, modice latis
(usque ad 7-8 mm.) superne dilatatis, cuneatis, ultimis rotundatis et
plus minusve lobatis ; marorinibus serrulatis crispatisque ; cystocarpiis
in disco positis, sparsis, magnis, leviter proeminentibus.

Duxbury Reef. Bolinas, Marin Co., California, W. A. Setchell and

M. B. Nichols, type $, Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 92766.

Callophyllis Thompsonii sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 20 cm. altis, saturate rubris, e disco parvo
oriendis. infime in stipite cylindrica curta (1-7 mm. longis) contractis,
mox in frondem late linearem basi plus minusve cordatam abrupte
expansis, 3-5-plo dichotomo-flabellatis, lobis ultimis latis (0.5-1.5
cm.), rotundatis; cystocarpiis stricte seriatis intramarginalibus, pro
maximate parte exigue proeminentibus; tetrasporangiis per segmenta
supera sparsis.

Canoe Island, San Juan County, Washington, N. F. Thompson.

Only two specimens were dredged off Canoe Island ; fortunately one

was systocarpic and the other tetrasporic. The types are in Herb.

Univ. Calif.

Callophyllis Gardner! sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 8 cm. altis, saturate rubris, angustis, char-
taceis, disco parvo binis aut ternis oriendis; stipitibus curtis (5-8
mm.) crassis, superne cuneato expansis et complanatis, repetite fur-
catis; ramis angustis (2-4 mm. latis), frondem segmentis numerosis
angustis. ultimis pinnato-laciniatis et apicibus oblique truncatis
formantibus; cystocarpiis marginalibus, sparsis aut in lobis frondis
ag-gregatis, proeminentibus, longe rostratis; tetrasporangiis per seg-
menta superna sparsis.

Venice, California. X. T^. Gardner, no. 2428 ; Redondo. California,

Mrs. Thayer.

Callophyllis odonthalioides sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 12 cm. altis, saturate ad atro rubris, mem-
branaceo-chartaceis, e disco parvo oriendis, segmento basali crasso,
complanato, cuneato, curto (3-5 mm. alto), mox repetito furcatis;
segmentis planis, 3-8 mm. latis. inferne dichotomis mox regulariter
pinnatis, ramis in lobos curtos, rotundatos profunde fissis; cysto-
carpiis in lobis lateralibus aggregatis, plus minusve terminalibus,
proeminentibus, rostratis.

Santa Cruz, California, C. L. Anderson, type $, no. 655 ; San

Diego, California, Mrs. M. S. Snyder, type +, no. 656d.

400 TJniversii]j of California Puhlications in Botany ["^^ol. 10

Callophyllis crenulata sj). iiov.

Froiulibus usqiu' ad 20 cm. altis, saturate rubris, paucis e disco
communi parvo oriendis, latis, planis, se^entis infimis curtis,
cuneatis, superne furcato-flabellatis, segmentis inferioribiis curtis,
Into eunoatis, supornis latis (1.5-3 cm.), longisque, ultimis late lobatis,
marginibus undulato-crispatis et irregulariter dentatis aut in pinnulas
curtas, late et sparse lobatas prolongatis ; cystocarpiis parvis moderate
magnis (usque ad 1 mm. diam.), leviter proeminentibus, in disco
frondis totae sparsis,

Whidbey Island, Washington, N, L. Gardner, type $ and -f-, Herb.

Univ. Calif., no. 92775; Santa Cruz, California, Mrs. J. M. Weeks.

Callophyllis plnmosa Setchell et Swezy sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 15 cm. altis, saturate rubris, planis, usque ad
1 cm. latis, membranaceo-chartaceis, uno aut paucis e disco communi
parvo oriendis, segmentis infimis angustis crassisque, superne pin-
natis, ramis paucis, elongatis, primo marginibus sparse dentatis, aetate
provectiori i)innulis congestis, laciniate aut pinnulato ramosis obsitis ;
cystocarpiis magnis (usque ad 2 mm. diam.) in disco frondis laxe
sparsis, leviter et unilateraliter proeminentibus.

La Jolla, California, Miss Minnie Reed, type 5, Herb. Univ. Calif.,
no. 92773 ; San Pedro, California, Miss Mary T. Reynolds.

Callophyllis pinnata Setchell et Swezy sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 35 cm. altis, saturate ad atro rubris, latis
(usque ad 4 cm.) planis, cartilagineo-membranaceis, paucis e disco
communi oriendis, segmentis infimis late cuneatis, superne in seg-
mentis longis latisque, vice semel aut bis profunde divisis, ultimis
longis, obtusis aut apice late et obtuse lobatis, marginibus (in frondi-
bus adultioribus) pinnulis magnis, late-lanceolatis aut ovatis, stipitatis
aliquando segmenta principalia aequantibus obsitis ; cystocarpiis in
disco frondis totae sparsis, magnis (usque ad 3 mm. diam.) in super-
ficie una leviter proeminentibus.

Fort Point, San Francisco, California, W. A. Setchell, M. A.

Howe; Duxbury Reef. Bolinas, Marin Co., California, W. A. Setchell,

type $, Herb. Univ. Calif., No. 92762, N. L. Gardner; Santa Cruz,

California, C. L. Anderson. This is a coarse species with the likeness

of Rhodymenia palmata.

1923] Setchell: A Revision of West North American CallophyUis 401

Callophyllis megalocarpa Setchell et Swezy sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 25 cm. altis, saturate rubris, moderate latis
(usque ad 2.5 cm.), stipitibus curtis, prope cylindricis e disco parvo
oriendis, abrupte expansis complanatisque, segmentis curtis, admodum
inferne dentatis aut proliferatis, superne dichotomo-pinnulatis et ad
apicem veram crasse et laciniate fissis; cystocarpiis dense in disco
dimidii superioris frondis sparsis, latis (usque ad 3 mm. et ultra
latis.)

Carmel Bay, Monterey County, California, W. A. Setchell, type 5,
Herb. Univ. Calif., no. 92737. This coarse species occurs all along the
California coast, recognizable at times with difficulty.

Callophyllis heanophylla sp. noA^

Frondibus usque ad 10 cm. altis, latis (usque ad 2 cm.), saturate
rubris, papyraceo-membranaceis, paucis e disco communi parvo oriendis
et in basem latam flabelliformen expansis, dichotomis frondem latem
rotundatam f ormantibus, segmentis ultimis rotundato lobatis ; cysto-
carpiis in disco superioris et mediae frondis sparsis, parvis (0.25-0.75
mm. latis), apiculatis.

Shaw Island, Washington, N. L. Gardner, no. 2291, type in Herb.

Univ. Calif. The type specimens were dredged in some abundance

from 5 to 30 fathoms of water.

Callophyllis dissecta Setchell et Swezy sp. nov.

Frondibus usque ad 16.5 cm. altis, angustis usque ad latis (1-3.5
cm.), saturate rubris, planis, moderate crassis, cartilagineo mem-
branaceis, e disco parvo oriendis et abrupte in segmentum latum et
flabelliforme expansis, dichotomo aut flabellato-ramosis, segmentis
ultimis rotundato-lobatis ; cystocarpiis in disco frondis sparsis, magnis
(2-3 mm. latis).

San Pedro, California, Mrs. H. D. Johnston, type 5, Herb. Univ.
Calif., no. 92776.

PLANTAE MEXICANAE PURPUSIANAE, XII

BY
TOWNSHEND S. BRANDEGEE

University of California Publications in Botany

Vol. 10, Xo. S, pp. 403-421

Issued October 27, 1924

New YOKK

UOTAINICAI.

OAkUEN

PLANTAE MEXICANAE PURPUSIANAE, XII

BY

TOWNSHEND S. BRANDEGEE

The collection from which these species are described was made by
Dr. Purpus in 1923 in the states of Vera Cruz and Chiapas. The
number of rare species and those belonging to other regions found in
Mexico make this a very interesting collection. The locality printed
in a former publication, No. XI, as Remulatero is an error and should
have been Remudadero. I am under obligations to Dr. B. L. Robinson
and Mr. I. M. Johnston, of the Gray Herbariiun, for the comparison
and determination of difficult species. Dr. A. S. Hitchcock, Mr. W.
M. Maxon, Dr. S. F. Blake, and Dr. J. N. Rose also have obligingly
identified many species belonging to orders or genera in which they
are interested.

Callisia parvula sp. nov.

Caules ca. 2 cm. alti, ramosi, foliosi : f oliis oblongo-lanceolatis
usque 5 cm. longis, 5 mm. latis, margine prope basin hirtis, paulo
ciliatis : pedunculis ramos terminantibus, 2-4 cm. longis, glabris,
1-3-floris ; sepalis 3 ovato-acutis, 2 mm. longis ; petalis 3 dilute pur-
pureis sepala paulo superantibus, flabellatis; staminibus 2 filamentis
dense barbatis, autheris oblongis, loculis contiguis; capsulis loculicide
3-valvis loculis 2-spermis, ellipsoideis, acutis ; seminibus rugosis.

This is a small plant having grass-like leaves and growing in moist
localities. Collected near Jalisco, Chiapas. No, 9202. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 220504.

Echeandia Purpusii sp. nov.

Glabra : foliis graminiformibus usque ad 15 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis,
striatis; radicibus plerumque crassis: scapo ca. 25 cm. alto simplici
vel parum ramoso : floribus ad quamque bracteam singulis ; perianthii
segmentis exterioribus lanceolatis 3-nerviis, ca. 5 mm. longis ; interior-
ibus latioribus albis ; antheris connatis 5 mm. longis quam filamentis
laevibus duplo longioribus; stylo hand exserto; pedicellis 6 mm.
•cj- longis paulo infra medium articulatis : capsula 5 mm. longa.

52 Collected on rocky slopes near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas.

,^ No. 9155. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220399.

CD

404 University of ('(lUfornia Publicaiioiif; in Bofavi/ [Vol. lo

Pouzolzia Purpusii sp. nov.

Fniticulus monoicus : ramis brnnneis jiinioribus pubescentibvis :
foliis alternis ovato-acuminatis basi cuneatis utrin(i\ie adpresse
pubescentibus, ca. 1 cm. longis ; stipulis lanceolatis ca. 5 mm. longis,
deciduis: pprifjfonio fructifero compresso margine alato, alis mem-
branaceis ciliatis venosis; achaenio ovato-acnminato albo nitido.

The leaves of this species are not tomentose like those of P. nivea
and P. Pringlei, and the species differs from other Mexican species in
having the fruiting perigonium winged. Collected in rocky ravines
of mountains near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9206. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220508.

Aristolochia oblong'ifolia sp. no v.

Caulibus puberulis striatis: foliis oblongis apice acutis basi
3-nerviis cuneatis vel breviter cordatis utrinque glabris, ca. 10 cm.
longis, 4.3 cm. latis ; petiolis ca. 5 mm. longis, puberulis : utriculo
globoso diametro ca. 1.4 cm. ; tubo ca. 8 mm. longo ; limbo bilabiato
labiis inaequalibus, labio superiori breviter apiculato : antheris 6 ;
stylo apice 6-partito. Fructus ignotus.

The flowers of the specimen have fallen but they seem to have been
racemose. Dr. Purpus notes that the bark is corky. Collected near
Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9076. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif.
No. 220393.

Coccoloba petrophila sp. nov.

Frutex parva, ramosa, ramis brunneis : foliis ovatis, utrinque
glabris, coriaceis, supra viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, apice obtuse
acuminatis, basi angustatis obtusis vel cuneatis, laminis 4-8 cm. longis,
1.5-3 cm. latis, venis subtus magis prominentibus; petiolis 0.5-1 cm.
longis, ad basin ochrae insertis, quam ochreis brunneis 2-3-plo longi-
oribus: inflorescentia solitaria ramos brevissimos terminanti vel
axillari ; spieis 4-7 cm. longis, quam foliis longioribus vel latioribus,
nodulis 1-2-floris, pedicellis ca. 2 cm. longis, raehi breviter puberuli,
pedunculo 3-9 cm. longo : perianthii tubo campanulato ; lobis 5,
ochroleucis; antheris exsertis, filamentis basi breviter connatis.
Fructus ignotus.

Collected in a rocky arroyo near Cameron, Vera Cruz. No. 8872.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 218883.

Pisonia Purpusii sp. nov.

Frutex subscandens, ramis divaricatis glabris, interdum spinis
paullo curvatis gerentibus : foliis oppositis vel ad apices ramulorum
spinescentium fasciculatis, utrinque glabris, ovatis vel obovatis, sepius

1924] Brandegee: PJantae Mexicanae Purpusiarme, XII 405

ad basim angustatis, apice acutis vel obtusis, 3-5 cm. longis, 1.5-
2.5 cm. latis; petiolis usque ad 1.8 cm. longis, supra canaliculatis :
inflorescentia dioica axillari ; mascula pedunculis brunneo-pubes-
centibus, ca. 2 cm. longis, ca. 30-floris ; periantliiis campanulatis,
brunneo-puberulis, lobis triangularibus ; antheris exsertis ; acanthio-
carpiis ca. 1 cm. longis, glandulis stipitatis in seriebus duabus ad
angulos singulos obsitis. Flores feminei desunt.

The position of the glands of the acanthocarpium in a double row
at each angle is an important character separating the species from
P. capitata, which it much resembles. The staminate plant was col-
lected at Cameron, Vera Cruz, in 1923. No. 8869. The fruiting plant
at the same locality without leaves was collected in 1922. No. 8739.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 218880.

Lonchocarpus fuscopurpureus sp. nov.

Frutex : ramis cinereis : f oliis ca. 7 cm. longis, rhachibus paulo
puberulis; foliolis 7-11, obovatis vel ellipticis, coriaceis, ca. 2.5 cm.
longis, 1.5 cm. latis, inferioribus minoribus, apice plerumque emargin-
atis, supra glabris, subtus sub lente pubescentibus, pellucido-punctatis :
racemis usque ad 5 cm. longis interdum 2-3-fasciculatis; pedunculis
pubescentibus 1-2-floris; pedicellis brunneo-pubescentibus : floribus
ca. 1cm. longis; calyce cyathiformi, brunneo-pubescenti, breviter
dentato ; corolla atro-purpurea, vexillo emarginato, extus paululum
pubescenti ; stamine vexillari ima basi libero ; ovario pubescenti, ca.
6-spermo. Fructus deest.

The leaflets vary in size and shape. "When very young they are
densely appressed hirsute, but in age they become apparently glabrous.
The flowers, like those of L. Purpusii, are dark purple. Collected in
a barranca near Remudadero, Vera Cruz. No. 8984. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 220292.

Machaerium chiapense sp. nov.

Undique glabrum, ramosum, foliosum : ramis verrucosis : foliorum
rhachi 3 cm. longa; petiolo 2-2.5 cm. longo; foliolis 5-7, alternis,
ovato-acuminatis, 2.8-3.8 cm. longis, 1.2-2.2 cm. latis ; petiolulis 3 mm.-
1 cm. longis: legumine axillari, recto, alam includenti 5-8 cm. longo ;
stipite ca. 8 mm. longo. Flores, bracteae, stipulae desunt.

The specimens are branches bearing only leaves and mature fruit.
The leaves in drying have become dark colored. Collected along the
road between Tuxtla Gutierrez and Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 9137. Tj'pe,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220440.

406 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

Tephrosia albida sp. nov.

Suffruticosa: caiilibiis erectis dense albo-sericeis, plus qnam 3 dm,
altis: rhachi foliorum crassa albo-sericea, ca. 3.5 em. longa; foliolis
9-11, an^iste oblongo-ovatis, basi cuneatis, apice obtusis vel retusis,
supra grlabris, subtus albo-sericeis, ca, 6 cm, longis, 1,4 cm, latis;
petiolnlis ca, 2mm. longis; stipulis lanceolatis, 1cm, longis, sericeis,
deciduis : racemis terminalibus axillaribusque, ca, 12 cm. longis ; florum
pedicellis 2 mm. longis; calycis lobis lanceolatis, ca. 8 mm, longis,
dense longo-sericeis ; carina 1,1 cm, longa prope apicem valde incurva,
pallide purpurea ; vexillo glabro ; stylo intus barbato : legumine
immaturo 3 cm, longo, albo-sericeo, ca, 8-spermo.

Allied to T. nitens Benth, but differs from the illustration and
description given, in the form and color of the corolla, and in the
length of the pedicels; also, judging from the specimens, it is not a
bush. Collected on rocks along the road from Tuxtla Gutierrez to
Jalisco, Chiapas, The species is white with silky hairs, except on the
upper surface of the leaves. No. 9136. Type, Herb, Univ, Calif.
No. 222439.

Crotalaria monticola sp, nov.

Annua: caulibus erectis, usque ad 2 dm. altis, pilis adpressis
patentibusque breviter hirsutis, longitudine tota patentim ramosis:
foliis ternatis pedunclo hirsuto ca. 2.7 cm. longo ; foliolis ovatis, acutis,
1-2 cm. longis, 0.8-1.7 cm. latis, utrinque adpresse pilosis : racemis
6-12 cm. longis ; calyce hirsuto prof unde lobato, 6 mm. alto ; vexillo
fiavo quam calycis lobis dimidio longiori : legumine maturo 1.5 cm.
longo, dense hirsuto, ca. 8-spermo.

This plant is very hirsute and the spreading branches give it a
breadth equal to its height. Collected on high mountains near
Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9133. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif.
No. 220436.

Crotalaria chiapensis sp. nov.

Suffruticosa, erecta, ramosa : caulibus paulo pubescentibus plus
quam 3 dm, altis : foliis ternatis, obovatis, acutis, basi cuneatis, subtus
paululum adpresse breviter pilosis, supra glabris, 2—2.5 cm. longis,
4-7 mm, latis ; pedunculis ca. 1 cm. longis ; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis,
ca, 1 mm. longis, deciduis: racemis usque ad 12 cm. longis, laxifloris;
pedicellis 1-2 mm, longis, breviter adpresse pilosis, basi bractea iis
breviori praeditis : carina ca, 8 mm. longa quam vexillo flavo pallidiori :
legumine immaturo ca, 8-o\Tilato.

The stems and branches are erect. Collected on rocky plains near
Buena Vista, Chiapas. No. 9130. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220433.

1924] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII 407

Crotalaria quercetorum sp. nov.

Annua : caulibus prope basim patentira ramosis, adpresse breviter-
que hirsutis, 5-12 dm. longfis : f oliis simplicibus, lineari-oblongis, usque
ad 6 cm. long^is, 6 mm. latis, apice acutis, basi in petiolum ca. 2 mm.
longiim attenuatis, utrinque breviter adpresse hirsutis ; stipulis nullis :
lobis cah^cis lanceolatis, albo-hirsutis, ca. 7 mm. longis, quam corolla
flava longioribus ; racemis usque ad 4 cm. longis, 1-3-floris : legumine
glabro, 2 cm. longo, pedicello 4 mm. longo.

This plant lacks the decurrent stipules and spreading yellow hairs
of C. sagiitalis L., a species the narrow leaved forms of which it
somewhat resembles. Collected on high mountains among forests of
pine and oaks near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9144. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220447.

Desmodium monticola sp. nov.

E radice lignosa decumbens : caulibus ca, 6 dm. longis, hirsutis :
foliis ternatis; foliolis ovato-acuminatis, supra adpresse hirsutis,
subtus hirsutis venis conspicuis ; f oliolo terminali ca. 3 cm. longo, 2 cm.
lato, petiolulo 8 mm. longo ; foliolis lateralibus minoribus : petiolo ca.
1.5 cm. longo, hirsuto : racemis uncinato-hirsutis, ca. 2.5 dm. longis,
multifloris, pedicellis plerumque geminatis; bracteis brunneis striatis,
lanceolatis, hirsutis, deciduis, ca. 5 mm. longis : leguminibus usque ad
1 cm. longis, 2-5-spermis, pendulis, uncinato-hirsutis, aequaliter
sinuatis; articulis ellipticis. Flores desunt.

Allied to D. mexicanum Watson, but more hirsute with white hairs,
and the raceme somewhat crowded with pendulous fruit and different
form of leaf. Collected on high mountains near Hacienda Monserrate,
Chiapas. No. 9134. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220437.

.ffischynomene chiapensis ^p. nov.

E radice lignosa multicaulis: caulibus tenuibiLs striatis stricte
ramosis : foliis petiolum 3 mm. longum includentibus usque ad 5.5 cm.
longis ; foliolis 31-61 oblongis apiculatis glabris 3 mm. longis ; stipulis
late lanceolatis striatis 2-3 mm. longis : racemis caules ramosque
terminantibus 8-12 cm, longis, laxifloris; pedicellis 5 mm. longis;
calycis lobis 4 ovatis ciliatis superiore lanceolato latiorique; petalis
flavis purpureo-lineatis ; carina valde incui*\'a: leguminis articulis
1-3 glabris semilunatis sutura semenifera fere rectis; stipite 2 mm.
longo.

The plants grow in clumps from thick woody roots. Collected
near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9147. Type, Herb, Univ,
Calif, No, 220376,

408 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

.ffischynomene arenicola sp. nov.

Annua: prope basim ramosis; caulibns usque ad 3 dm. altis,
patentim hirsutis hirtis flavescentibus : foliis 2-2.5 cm. longis petiolum
2 mm. lonfjum ineludontibus; rhachi hirsuta; foliolis 5-7-jngis oblongis
congestis supra glabris subtus adpresse hirsutis, margine plerumque
ciliatis, apice apiculatis, medio costatis, ca. 7 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis ;
stipulis lanceolatis hirsutis ca. 3 mm. longis : floribus racemis 2-3-
floris axillaribus dispositis, ca. 3 mm. longis ; pedunculis pedicellisque
patentim hirsutis, pedicellis 4mm. longis; calyce hirsuto; corolla ca.
4 mm. longa, flava purpureo-tinctaque; legumine ca. 1.5 cm. longo;
articulis 5-8 utrinque fere aequaliter sinuatis, orbicularibus ca. 2 mm.
latis ; stipite 4-5 mm. longo.

An annual hirsute species having a slender legume with a long

stipe. Collected on sandy soil in pine forests near Hacienda Mon-

serrate, Chiapas. No. 9148. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220377.

.ffischynomene pinetorum sp. nov.

E radice lignosa crassaque multicaulis : caulibus erectis tenuibus
glabris striatis paulo ramosis, ca. 3.5dm. altis; rhachi foliorum ca.
2.5 cm. longa ; f oliolis plus quam 25 oblongis, 4 mm. longo ; stipulis
lanceolatis striatis hirtellis: inflorescentiis caules ramosque termi-
nantibus ; pedicellis ca. 1.8 cm. longis, hirtellis ; corolla flava purpureo-
tinctaque : legumine plerumque 1 cm. longo, articulis 2 glabris ellip-
soideis terminali longe acuminato, isthmo fere centrali lato.

The specimens are old, and most of the leaflets and flowers have

fallen. The numerous slender erect stems and short branches give the

plant a broom-like appearance. Purpus No. 6625, distributed as

2E. simulans Rose, is the same species. Collected in pine forests near

Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9064. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif.

No. 220371.

Petalostemon chiapense sp. nov.

Fruticosum, erectum, ramosum, foliosura: caulibus ramisque
pubescentibus praecipue superne : foliis ca. 1 cm. longis. utrinque
albo-pubescentibus ; stipulis lanceolatis, ca. 3mm. longis; foliolis 5-7
ovato-oblongis, ca. 6 mm. longis, apice acutis, truncatis, vel retusis;
stipellis miuutis: spicis caules ramosque axillares breves terminan-
tibus, densifloris, ca. 1.5 cm. longis: calycis lobis 1-1.5 mm. longis,
quam tubo paulo brevioribus; petalis albis; vexillo cordato : ovario
apice albo-hirsuto ; bracteis 4 mm. longis, e basi lata filiformibus flores
superantibus.

The flowering spikes, mainly terminating short axillary branches,

are numerous. The pubescence of the stems, branches, and leaves

gives the species a white appearance. Collected on mountains near

Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9142. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif.

No. 220445.

1924] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII 409

Stylosanthes eciliata Blake, sp. nov.

Herbacea perennis pluricaiilis ; caules suberecti (?) parce ramosi
bre\ater pilosi (pilis laxis albis saepins adscendentibiLs) et dense
hirsuto-setosi (pilis patentibus flavicantibus 2 mm. longis basi vix
incrassatis) ; folia 3-foliolata internodiis saepe breviora; vaginae stipu-
larum 4-5.5 mm. longae ut in caiile pubescentes purpureo-tinctae,
dentibus angiiste snbulatis curvato-patentibus hirsuto-setosis ca. 4 mm.
longis ; petioli similiter pubescentes 3.5-6 mm. longi, rachide 1.5-2 mm.
longa ; f oliola brevissime petiolulata angiiste elliptica 1.2-2.1 cm. longa
2-5.5 mm. lata acuminata cuspidulata basi rotundata Integra firma
pallide viridia supra praecipue ad costam sparse pilosula subtus in
costa sparse hirsuto-setosa interdum in pagina sparse pubescentia
margine laxe piloso-eiliata (pilis albis flaccidis), costa et venis (3-4-
jugis, nervam submarginalem formantibus) supra impressis subtus
prominulis; spicae axillares et terminales anguste oblongae ca. 8 mm,
longae dense ca. 6-florae hirsuto-setosae ; bracteae primariae 1-folio-
latae, vaginis oblongo-ovatis ca. 3.5 mm. longis hirsuto-setosis et pilo-
sulo-ciliatis, dentibus ca. 2.5 mm. longis, foliolo lineari-elliptico 3^
mm. longo ; bracta secondaria 1 ovata abrupte acuminata piloso-eiliata
et intus pilosa 5 mm. longa, seta 2.5 mm. longa terminata ; seta plumosa
nulla; bracteola 1, bracteae secondariae simillima sed paullo minor et
apice non longe setosa ; calyx 7 mm. longiis (basi stipitiformi 3-3.8
mm. longa inclusa), dentibus ad apicem ciliatis, dente infimo paullo
longiore ; vexillum fla\'um ca. 5 mm. longum ; articuliLS fructus inferior
sterilis minimus ca. 0.5 mm. longus apice pubescens, superior fertilis
quadrato-ovalis paullum obliquus supra late rotundatus 2.2-2.6 mm.
longns 1.8-2 mm. latus compressus in utroque latere 2-ner^'ius et laxe
reticulatus sparse sessili-glandularis, stylo sublaterali debili incurvo
0.3-0.4 mm. longo.

Type in the IT. S. National Herbarium, No. 1,114,896, collected in
pine forests at Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas, September, 1923 ;
Purpus No. 9246. Closely related to S. purpurata Blake, of Jalisco,
which has the leaflets conspicuously pilose-setose on the margin, and
fruit with a terminal style. In S. eciliata the leaflets are weakly pilose-
ciliate, and the style is borne slightly below the level of the rounded
highest point of the fruit, so that it appears to be lateral.

Mascagnia polycarpa sp. nov.

Frutex scandens : caulibus brunneis glabris : foliis oblongo-ovatis,
oppositis, glabris, apice obtuse acutis, basi cuneatis, usque ad 12 cm.
longis, 5 cm. latis, interdum basi glandulis duabus praeditis; petiolis
puberulis, ca. 1.3 cm. longis : paniculis ca. 7 cm. longis ; carpellis paulo
pubescentibus : samarum alls lateralibus flabelliformibus, venosis,
margine undulatis, ca. 1 cm. latis ; ala dorsali e apice carpelli ad basim
affixa, superne auriculata, ca. 3 mm. lata. Flores desunt.

410 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

The specimens are very mature and most of the fruit has fallen.
Of the three carpels of each ovary, only one seems to have developed.
Undeveloped fruit having three styles is abundant, scattered in the
panicle. Collected at Eemudadero, Vera Cruz. No. 9019. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220319.

Banisteria nemorum sp. nov.

Fruticosa : ramis g:labris : f oliis ovatis, acutis, utrinque glabris,
8 em. longis, 5 cm. latis, eglandulosis; petiolis 8 mm. longis : inflores-
centia terminali, paniculata ; sepalis ovatis, acutis 3 mm. longis quam
glandulis 8 duplo longioribus; samaris 2.5 cm. longis, nuculis ex-
appendulatis; alls breviter pubescentibus prope apicem 1.7 cm. latis,
exauriculatis, dilute roseis. Flores desunt.

Collected in. open forests near Jalisco, Chiapa.s. No. 9185. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220486.

Bunchosia monticola sp. nov.

Frutex glaber cortice brunneis : f oliis ovato-lanceolatis, basi in
petiolum angustatis, 6-10 cm. longis, 2-3 em. latis ; petiolis ca. 7 mm.
longis, puberulis: racemis ca. 7 cm. longis, 10-15-floris; pedicellis
1.3 cm. longis prope basim articulatis bracteolatisque ; glandulis
ealycis 8 fere aequalibus ; petalis calycem paulo superantibus, margine
ciliatis ut videtur pallide flavis ; stigmate capitato : f ructu juveni
pubescenti 3-loculari.

The large glands of the calyx and the small petals characterize
this species. Not enough was collected for distribution. A single
gland is often present near the base of the leaf blade. Collected on
high mountains .near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9263. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 223436.

Picrasma mexicana sp. nov.

Frutex: ramis brunneis: foliis 25 cm. longis; foliolis 9-11, usque
ad 10 cm. longis, 4 cm. latis, ovato-acuminatis, utrinque glabris,
margine integris: paniculis cymosis, 5-8-floris; pedunculis 3-4 cm.
longis, adpresse brunneo-pilosis ; pedicellis brunneo-pubescentibus :
sepalis oblongis, brunneo-pubescentibus : ovario 4-partito : stylis quam
petalis longioribus : drupis 1-4 globosis.

Collected at Remudadero, Vera Cruz. No. 8800. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 211913.

1924] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpiisianae, XII 411

Acalypha chiapensis sp. nov.

Frutex monoicus : caulibus ramisque interne glabris superne paulo
pubescentibiis : foliis ovato-acuminatis basi trinerviis utrinque pilis
paucis praeditis, jiivenibus primum pilosis, margrine serratis, 4—7 cm,
longis, 2.5-4 cm. latis; petiolis foliorum inferiorum usque ad 2.5 cm.
long:is, glabris vel hirsutulis, foliorum superiorum brevibus magis
hirsutis ; stipulis setaceis 5 mm. longis : inflorescentia mascula axillari
usque ad 4.5 cm. longa pedunculum 2 cm. longum includenti, multi-
flori, bracteis ovato-acuminatis, 1.5 mm. longis, hirsuto-ciliatis ; in-
florescentia feminea axillari ca. 5 cm. longa pedunculum 3-4 cm.
longum includenti, 1-4-floris, bracteis 7-9-lobis piloso-ciliatis ; capsula
pjlosa.

Near A. unibracteata, differing in the much larger leaves and more
numerous larger pilose bracts of the pistillate flowers. The older
leaves lacking pubescence have a lustrous appearance. Collected
between Tuxtla Gutierrez and Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 9171. Type,
Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220417.

Acal3rpha unibracteata Mull. Arg. var. heterantha var. nov.

Puberula : ramis interdum spicis ca. 3.5 cm. longis, laxifloris, floris
femineis sessilibus terminantibus.

The axillary flowers on long pedicels are similar to those of the
usual form of the species. Stems bearing terminal spikes are not
common. Collected in fields near Mata Zarza, Vera Cruz. No. 9047.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220340.

Pedilanthus petraeus sp. nov.

Ramis glabris ; internodiis ca. 3.5 cm. longis : foliis deficientibus
(delapsis?) : floribus ad nodos secus ramulos dispositis; pedicellis ca.
5 mm. longis, glabris basi bracteis iis brevioribus tomentosis suffultis ;
involucris rubris ca. 7 mm. longis, labio anteriori ad basim usque
fisso, lobis obtusis : lobis lateralibus anguste oblongis fere omnino
liberis ; appendice saccif ormi, lobo integro. intus glandulis 6 gerenti ;
pedicellis antherarum stylique glabris; stylo apice trifido. Fructus
deest.

Collected in the state of Vera Cruz. No. 8885. Type, Herb. Univ.
Calif. No. 218896.

Cormonema multiflorum sp. nov.

Ramis glabris plerumque ramulis 1-10 cm. longis instructis : foliis
late ovatis, glabris, basi cuneatis, apice obtusis, margine integris
2-4.5 cm. longis, 1.5-3.5 cm. latis ; petiolis ca. 5 mm. longis, brunneo-

412 University of California Publications in Botany [A^ol. 10

puberulis: floribus numerosis ad axillas folioriim et ramulorum
fasciculatis, pedicellis ca. 2 mm. longis brunneo-puberulis ; calycis
lobis 5, brunneo-puberulis. Fructus deest.

The inflorescence is mainly in the axils of the somewhat crowded
leaves of the short branches. The leaves have a different shape from
those of C. spinulosum of Brazil, to which species this plant is near.*
The glands are distant from the petiole about 3 mm. Collected near
Remudadero, Vera Cruz. No. 8863. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No.
218874.

Triumfetta dioica sp. nov.

Frutescens dioica : caulibus ca. 3 dm. altis dense hirsutis : f oliis
late ovatis, acuminatis, basi cordatis, margine serratis, supra stellato-
hirsutis viridibus, subtus dense stellatis incanis, ca. 8 cm. longis, 7 cm.
latis ; petiolis 3.5 cm. longis hirsutis : inflorescentia f asciculati-
cymulosa ; calycis lobis 3.5 mm. longis extus hirsutis apice breviter
fornicatis; petalis 5 ut videtur siccatis pallide flavis 1.5 mm. longis;
stylo filiformi, stigmate breviter 2-dentato : fructu juveni setoso.

Staminate specimens w^ere not collected. Collected near Hacienda
Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9256. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 223429.

Turnera violacea sp. nov.

Fruticosa : caulibus juvenibus glanduloso-pubescentibits, 10-20
cm. longis: f oliis oblongo-lanceolatis, utrinque obscure puberulis,
subtus pallidioribus, basi in petiolum longum marginatum angustatis,
margine serratis sepius revolutis, prope basim biglandulosis, usque ad
6 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis : floribus prope axillas foliorum superiorum
solitariis ; petalis violaceis, acutis, ca. 1.3 cm. longis, 6 mm. latis ; calyce
ca. 1.5 cm. longo, lobis lanceolatis, bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis ;
staminibus 5, ca. 7 mm. longis ; stylis 3, stigmatibus flabellatis ;
seminibus 3-4 obovoideis.

This proposed species wdth its violet flowers large for the genus is
an attractive one. The leaves are crowded near the ends of the stems
and usually bear two large glands at the base of the blade and often
a long gland on the petiole, with other glands, sometimes, along the
stems. The flowers are sessile on the petioles. The collector notes it
as a rare plant, and few specimens could be obtained. The lower half
of the plant is woody and the upper half herbaceous. Collected on
rocky mountain slopes near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9092.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220459.

1924] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII 413

Tauschia pinetorura sp. no v.

Undique g:labra : caulibus ca. 3 dm. altis paiilulnm ramosis, prope
basim folia paiica gerentibus : foliis pinnatim decompositis, lobis ultimis
oblongis apice albo-acuminatis, petiolum 2 cm. longum includentibus
ca. 6.5 cm. longis, 4 cm. latis : bracteis involucri involucellorumque
pleriimque nullis: petalis nt videtur siccatis flavis ; pedunculis .05-
1 cm. longis ; pedicellis brevibus : f ructus carpellis 5-gonis obtuse
costatis ca. 4 mm. longis.

The leaves are pinnatifid like those of Tauschia madrensis C. & R.,
but are shorter and deltoid in circumscription. The minute, white,
spinose tips of the lobes of the leaves are not credited to other species
of the genus. Collected in pine forests of high mountains near
Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9293. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif.
No. 223468.

Ardisia chiapensis sp. no v.

Frutex : foliis alternis ovato-lanceolatis, glabris, basi in petiolum
1.3 cm. longum attenuatis, raargine indistincte crenato-serratis, usque
ad 10 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis : infloreseentia laxe paniculata axillari
quam foliis longiori ; calyce parvo profunde 4-lobato ; alabastro conico,
pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis ; petalis 4 liberis, 4 mm. longis, intus
puberulis ; staminibus prope basim petalorum affixis, liberis, filamentis

3 mm. longis, quam antheris sagittatis acutis multo longioribus ; stylo

4 mm. longo.

The leaves and flowers have, indistinctly, the usual dots and lines.
Collected near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9273. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 223447.

Schultesia chiapensis sp. nov.

Annua glabra : caule simplici erecto usque ad 1 dm. alto : foliis
anguste lanceolatis trinerviis, majoribus 3 cm. longis, 1.5mm. latis:
floribus 1-4 caules terminantibus vel prope apicem caulis axillaribus ;
pedicellis 0-8 mm. longis; calyce 4 cm. longo, lobis 4 lineari-lanceo-
latis corollae tubum 6 mm. longum fere aequantibus dorso valde alatis
alis papyraceis reticulatis ; corolla infundibuliformi lobis 4; antheris
versitalibus : stigmatis laminis 2 patentibus: capsula fere sessili.

The color of the corolla seems to have been light blue. The speci-
mens in crowded masses indicate that the living plant grew covering
the ground. Collected at Jalisco, Chiapas, in wet localities of meadows.
No. 9158. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220402.

414 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

Vincetoxicum? tortum sp. nov.

Volubile : caulibiis paiilulum hirsutis : f oliis glabris, superioribus
alternantibus, inferioribus oppositis latioribus, ovato-aciiminatis basi
profunde cordatis, usque ad 11 em. longis, 8 cm. latis; petiolis jrlabris,
ca. 4.5 cm. longis: cymis axillaribiLS, laxe florentibus; pedunculis
glabris 3-5 cm. longis ca. 6-floris; pedicellis 0.5-1 cm. longis: corolla
alabastro ut videtur siecata flavida, valde contorta, deinde explanata
fuscaque : sepalis ca. 1 mm. longis, ovato-lanceolatis intus glandulis
paucis praeditis; corolla fere usque ad basim 5-lobata, lobis anguste
lineari-lanceolatis, margine hirsuto-ciliatus, ca. 1.5 cm. longis ; corona
basi columnae affixa, 5-lobata, intus hirsuta, columnae brevi aequali ;
stigmate vertice depresso apiculo nullo ; pollinio in quoque loculo
solitario, horizontali. Folliculi non suppetunt.

This plant is a vigorous climber. The lower opposite leaves are
much broader and less acuminate than the alternate upper ones. The
column is very short, so the anthers and stigma appear to be sessile.
The gynostegium seems to be that of Gonololms as given by Bentham
and Hooker, but the long, conical, contorted bud of the corolla, and
the alternate leaves are peculiar. Collected at Santa Lucrecia, Vera
Cruz. No. 9012. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220312.

Vincetoxicum propinquum sp. nov.

Volubile : caulibus dense retrorsum pubescentibus : foliis ovato-
acuminatis basi cordatis sinu ca. 3 mm. lato, supra paulo breviter
pubescentibus, subtus pubescentibus ca. 5 cm. longis, 2.7 cm. latis;
petiolis ca. 2 cm, longis, pubescentibus : floribus 1-2-cymosis pedunculo
ca. 1 cm. longo pubescenti plerumque flores 2 gerenti ; jjedicellis ca.
3 cm. longis, pubescentibus ; calyce profunde lobato lobis ovato-
aeuminatis ca. 7 mm. longis, breviter ciliatis extus pubescentibus;
corollae tubo ca. 3 mm. longo ; corona duplici, exterior! annulata lobata
pubescenti prope basim corollae affixa, interiori crassa rugosa glabra;
columna ca. 2.5 mm. longa ; stigmate vertice depresso valde angulato.

This is near Gonololus unifforus H. B. K. but differs from the
description in having retrorsely pubescent stems, a double corona, and
other minor characters. Collected on mountains near Hacienda Mon-
serrate, Chiapas, No. 9079. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220312.

Ditassa mexicana sp. nov,

Caulibus glabris: foliis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis, supra venis
prominentibus utrinquesecus ca, 12, glabris usque ad 4 cm. longis,
1.7 em. latis; petiolis ca, 5 mm, longis: umbellis axillaribus 4— 8-floris;
pedunculis brevibus breviter multibracteatis; pedicellis 2-4 cm. longis:
calyce 5-fido lobis ovatis; corolla 3.5 mm. longa quam calyce triplo
longiori profunde 5-loba ; lobis oblongis aeutis prope margines breviter
albo-pubescentibus ; columna brevi; stigmate vertice convexo; corona

1924] Brandegee : Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII 415

duplici basi coliimnae affixa, squamis exterioribus ovato-acuminatis
stigmata superantibus, interioribus oblongis brevioribus. Fructus
deest.

This plant resembles a broad leaved Mclastehna. The only im-
portant character different from that genus is the double corona.
Collected near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9167. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 220412.

Scutellaria vitifolia sp. no v.

Herbacea : caulibus puberulis interdum paulo ramosis, ca. 20 cm.
altis : f oliis late ovatis, acuminatis, basi cordatis vel cuneatis, margine
grosse crenato-serratis, subtus ad venas breviter hirsutulis, supra pilis
paucis brevibus praeditis, usque ad 9 cm, longis, 8 cm. latis ; petiolis
puberulis 4—5 cm, longis : inflorescentia racemosa ; pedunculis axil-
laribus vel terminalibus puberulis, 2-4 cm. longis ; rhachibus fiorum
4-5 cm. longis puberulis usque ad 25-floris ; floribus alternantibus
pedicellis ca, 2 mm. longis quam bracteis lineari-lanceolatis longior-
ibus calyce demum glabro ; corolla 8 mm. longa breviter puberuli-
hirsuta, tubo pallido, labiis purpureis ; staminibus breviter exsertis :
seminibus glabris tuberculosis.

Collected in moist, rocky, shaded localities of mountains near
Jalisco, Chiapa.s. No. 9207. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220509.

Salvia chiapensis sp. nov.

Fruticulus ramosus : ramis brunneis junioribus paulo pubes-
centibus: f oliis discoloribus ovato-lanceolatis serratis basi longe
cuneatis, supra venis albescentibus notatis, subtus venis prominentibus
puberulis, ca. 6.5 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis; petiolis usque ad 1.5 cm.
longis ; racemis simplicibus axillaribus vel terminalibus 4-8 cm. longis ;
pedunculis ca. 2 cm. longis ; pedicellis 2-3 mm. longis, glabris ; bracteis
ovato-acuminatis breviter ciliatis quam calyce brevioribus deciduis;
calyce glabro, labio superiore integro, lobis labii inf eriori acutis ;
verticillis approximatis usque ad 8-floris ; corolla 8 mm. longa calyce
duplo longiori, labiis subaequalibus extus molliter pubescentibus ;
staminibus inclusis; stylo exserto barbato.

From the dried specimens the color of the flowers cannot be deter-
mined with certainty, but were probably white. The spikes are densely
flowered. Collected on mountaiiLs near Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 9208.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220510.

Bouvardia Purpusii sp. nov.

Suffruticosa: caulibus pubescentibus plerumque striatis; inter-
nodiis ca. 3.5 cm. longis; foliis oppositis ovato-acutis supra breviter
villosis subtus dense villosis pallidioribus basi in petiolum albo-
villosum ca. 4 mm. longum attenuatis, margine scabridis, 3-3.5 cm.
longis, 2-5 mm. latis ; stipulis albo- villosis aristis 1-2 instructis : in-

416 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

florescentiis caules terrainantibus vel ad axillas superas 2-6-cymosis;
pedicellis brevibus albo-villosis ; tubo calycis brevi lobis 4 lineari-
lanceolatis longitudine inaequalibus albo-villosis 3-5 mm. longis;
corolla hj^pocrateriformi ut videtur siecata rosea ca. 4.5 cm. longa,
tnbo ca. 1 mm. lato extns plus miniisve villoso, lobis anguste ovatis
intus villosis, 1.9 cm. longis; antheris inclusis, filamentis brevibus;
stylo exserto 5.5 cm. longo ramis ca. 5.5 mm. longis.

There is no suggestion of a bush about this handsome species. No.
9252 seems to be a glabrous broader leaved form of the same species.
Collected near Hacienda Monserrate. No, 9251. Type, Herb. Univ.
Calif. No. 223423.

Guettarda insularis sp. no v.

Frutex : f oliis late ovatis, acutis, 3-6 cm. longis, 2-4 cm. latis,
subtus venis prominentibus, utrinque deinde glabris; petiolis usque
ad 1 cm. longis ; stipulis lanceolatis : cymis 1-4 prope ad finem ramu-
lorum, pedunculis ca. 4 mm. longis : calycis limbo tubuloso-campanu-
lato, margine undulato, puberulo, ca. 3 mm. longo ; corollae tubo ca.
7 mm. longo, adpresse pubescenti, superne paulo ampliato ; lobis limbi
5, oblongis, ca. 2.5 mm. longis; staminibus apicibus paulo exsertis;
stylo minute 2-lobo. Fructus deest.

Collected by A. W. Anthony, No. 377, and F. E. Barkelew, No. 179,
on Socorro Island of the Revillagigedo group, Mexico. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 102472.

Borreria radicosa sp, nov,

Fruticosa patenter ramosa verisimiliter procumbens: caulibus ca.
2.5 cm. longis tetragonis, angulis retrorsum scabro-muricatis ; ramis
inferioribus radicibusque dense fibrato-radicatis : f oliis oppositis ad
axillas ramis brevissimis foliatisque instructis, utrinque glabris mar-
gine scabridis lanceolatis basi angustatis, ca. 1.7 cm. longis, 2 mm.
latis; stipulis glabris setis rigidis vaginam aequantibus; internodiis
1-2 cm. longis : floribus in capitulis caules terminantibus vel verti-
cillis axillaribus; capitulis foliis 4 involucratis intordum ad folia
supera ses,silibus involucra 6-f oliata simulantibus : f ructibus glabris
oblongis dentibus 2 corollam albam aequantibus coronatis; seminibus
laevibus. *

This proposed species differs from B. podocephala in manner of
branching, its stem with scabrid angles, its dense fibrous rootlets of
the lower part of the stem and branches, and in other characters. The
plant is sprinkled with adhering sand. Collected near Jalisco, Chiapas,
growing in sand. No. 9223. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 223392.

1924] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII 417

Borreria aiiriculata sp. nov.

Erecta ramosa : caiilibiis obscure tetragonis scabridis ca. 3 dm.
altis : foliis anguste ovato-lanceolatis basi in petiolum breve attenuatis
utrinque scabridis, oppositis usque ad 5 cm. longis, 8 mm. latis;
stipularum setis quam vaginam triplo longioribus : capitulis plerumque
caules ramosque terminantibus ; involucri foliis 4 ad folia suprema
sessilibus, lanceolatis basi late auriculatis; calyce 4-dentato dentibus
ovato-acutis ciliatis ; corolla alba infundibulif ormi ca. 25 mm. longa
denies calycis superanti, tubo gracili, lobis ciliatis.

The specimens are young and have no mature fruit. The
glomerules of flowers terminating the stems and branches appear to
have a 6-foliate involucre, but they are sessile between two lanceolate
leaves connected by setiferous stipules. Collected in moist rocky
meadows near Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 9218, Type, Herb. Univ. Calif.
No. 22338.

Borreria chiapensis sp. nov.

Erecta, ramosa, annua : caulibus 4-sulcatis, glabris, 4—5 dm. altis :
foliis oblongo-lanceolatis basi in petiolum angustatis, penniveniis
supra paulo scabridis, subtus ad venas paululum scabridis, margine
hispidis, usque ad 9 cm. longis, 8-15 mm. latis; stipulis cum petiolis
in vaginam setosam connatis, setis ramosis quam vaginis glabris
longioribus : capitulis ramos caulesque terminantibus rariter axil-
laribus, f oliolis 4 inaequalibus ca. 3.5 cm. longis involucratis ; calycis
dentibus 4 lanceolatis basi setosis ; corolla alba calycem paulum super-
anti tubo gracili fauce ampliata; stylis ramis 2 brevibus cum antheris
breviter exsertis.

The leaves are longer than the internodes. The intervals between
the grooves of the stem are curved : they cannot be described as
quadrangular. The setae of the stipules are narrowly lanceolate and
the margins ciliate. Collected in pine forests near Hacienda Mon-
serrate, Chiapas. No. 9216. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 223384.

Borreria arenicola sp. nov.

E radice lignosa multicaulis: caulibus prostratis, tetragonis,
glabris, ramosis, paulo alatis, ca. 12 cm. longis: foliis verticillatis,
anguste lineari-ovatis, prope basin angustatis, apicibus acutis, glabris,
ca. 9 mm. longis, medio ca. 3 mm. latis; setis stipularum vagina brevi-
oribus: capitibus terminalibus axillaribusque foliis 4 involucratis,
floribus parvis: capsulis oblongis dentibus 2 brevibus coronatis; fructu
2-cocco, coccis 1-spermis ; semine ca. 3 mm. longo paulo rugoso.

Collected in a sandy arroyo near Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 8968.
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220266.

418 University of California PiCbJicaiions in Botany [Vol. 10

Borreria heterophylla sp. no v.

E radiee peronni multicaulis: canlibiis ramosis, acute tetragonis,
angulis scabridis, ca. 5 cm. longis : foliis ovato-acviminatis, ca. 1 cm.
longis, nunc 8 mm. latis prope basim angustatis, nunc 2 mm. latis
basi lata sessilibus, glabris ; setis stipularum ca. 3 mm. longis, quam
vagina multo longioribus: capitibus paucifloris terminalibus axil-
laribusque, foliis inaequalibus ca. 6 involucratis, foliis majoribus
pinnato-venosis : floribus parvis ; capsula calycis dentibus deltoideo-
lanceolatis 3 coronata ; semine ca. 1 mm, longo.

The long conspicuous bristles of the stipules are characteristic of
this species. Collected with the preceding species in a sandy arroyo
near Jalisco, Chiapas. No. ^969. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220267.

Diodia pulchella sp. nov.

E radiee lignosa multicaulis : caulibus gracilibus paulo ramosis
tetragonis pubescentibus cum pilis intermixtis, usque ad 6 dm. longis :
foliis lanceolatis apice setiferis utrinque scabridis subtus ad costam
hirsutis margine revolutis serriilato-scabris, 1.5 cm. longis, 3 mm.
latis ; stipulis ca. 2 mm. longis, hirsutulis, setis 8 mm. longis : verti-
cillis 2-3-floris ; calycis dentibus inaequalibus subulatis : corolla in-
fundibuliformi 1 cm. longa, lobis ovato-acutis ut videtur siccatis
lilacinis; stylo exserto ramis 2 brevibus; stigmatibus capitatis.

The flowers of this species are large for the genus. The slender
elongated stems must have been prostrate or supported by other plants.
Collected near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. No. 9221. Type, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 223390.

Marsypianthes arenosa sp. nov.

Herbacea, ramosa, undique viscoso-pubescens, arena adhaerente,
sparsa : foliis ovatis, ca. 3 cm. longis, 1.3 cm. latis, apice acutis, basi
cuneatis, margine dentatis ; petiolis 2-3 mm. longis : capitulis axil-
laribus, versus ad ramorum apices eongestis spicam formantibus;
pedunculis usque ad 7 mm. longis ; calyce late campanulato, 5-dentato,
demum explanato ; nuculis brunneis facie interiore concavo-cymbi-
formi, margine involutis, laceratis. Flores desunt.

The specimens do not show the habit of the plant, but the sand
adhering to the stems, leaves, and calyces indicates that it is of pros-
trate habit. Collected near Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 8988. Tj-pe, Herb.
Univ. Calif. No. 220282.

1924] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII 419

Conyza chiapensis sp. nov.

Suffrutescens, prope basim ramosa, ca. 16 cm. alta; ramis striatis,
inferne pnbescentibus, snperne villosis : foliis ovato-lanceolatis, ses-
silibus, utrinque hirtellis, basi angustatis, apice acuminatis, margine
integris vel dentatis, usque ad 2 cm. longis, 7 mm. latis : floribus in
paniculis terminalibus numerosis ; floribus femineis plerumque paucis
vel nullis, corollis filiformibus, stylis longe exsertis ramis linearibus;
floribus hermaphroditis fertilibus stylis truncatis; involucri squamis
4-5-seriatis, villosis, interioribus lineari-lanceolatis, ca. 5 mm. longis ;
pappi setis quam involucro brevioribus albis : achaeniis glabris.

Most of the heads bear only hermaphrodite corollas. The whole
plant is very villous or hirsute, the leaves are somewhat crowded, and
the panicle is leafy or bracteate. Collected in a sandy arroyo near
Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 8987. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220280.

Galea Purpusii sp. nov.

Eradiata : caulibus ca. 4 dm. longis, inferne glabris superne paulo
pnbescentibus : foliis ovato-acutis parum dentatis, subtus hirtis paucis
praeditis, supra scabridis, usque ad 4.5 cm. longis, 1-6 cm. latis, ses-
silibus : inflorescentia caules longos terminanti ; cymis pedunculis
usque ad 4 cm. longis vel sessilibus ebracteatis; capitulis ca. 5 mm.
longis, involucrorum squamis flavidis inaequalibus striatis apice
obtusis; pappi squamis 7-8, oblongis apice fimbriatis, ca. 0.5 mm.
longis; achaeniis ca. 1 mm. longis.

Most of the leaves are around the lower part of the plant v.dth only
a few oblong bracts on the upper part. The stems are not woody.
Collected in pine forests on high mountains near Hacienda Monserrate,
Chiapas. No. 9103. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 223414.

Verbesina sylvicola sp. nov.

Suffrutescens, ramosa: ramis puberulis : foliis oppositis, ovato-
lanceolatis, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine denticulatis,
supra scabro-hirsutulis, subtus hirsutulis, 9-12 cm. longis, 4.5-8 cm.
latis; petiolis scabro-hirsutulis, 1.5-2.5 cm. longis: inflorescentia
paniculata saepe umbellif ormi ; pedunculis usque ad 5 era. longis,
pubescentibus ; pedicellis 0.5-3 cm. longis; involucri squamis late
ovatis, 4-seriatis, ca. 5 mm. longis latisque, minute ciliatis, exterioribus
pubescentibus ; capitulis sine radiis diametro ca. 1 cm. ; radiis flavis,
ca. 7 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis, styliferis ; achaeniis ca. 4 mm. longis ;
alis latis, puberulis ; pappi aristis 2, 3-4 mm. longis, setis brevibus
intermediis.

Collected in open forests at Santa Lucrecia, Vera Cruz. No. 8997,
Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220297.

420 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 10

Perymenium pinetorum sp. nov.

Friitex ramosus : canlibus glabris : foliis oppositis late ovatis, acntis,
margine integris vel obscure serratis, utrinque scabridis, ca. 2.5 cm.
longis, 1.4 cm. latis, trinerviis, nervis lateralibus paulo supra basim
orientibus; petiolis ca. 4 mm. longis: capitulis corymbosis, axillaribus
terminalibusque, ovato-globosis, diametro ca. 3 mm. ; pedicellis 2-5 mm.
longis ; pedunculis 0-1 cm. longis : involucri squamis ca. 3-seriatis,
inaequalibus, exterioribus ovatis, acutis, puberulis; radiis paucis,
inconspicuis, angustis; disci achaeniis plerumque triquetris; pappi
setis inaequalibus, numerosis.

This species is a much branched shrub bearing very many heads of
flowers. The heads seem to be eradiate, and a careful search is neces-
sary to find the rays. Collected in rocky pine forests near Hacienda
Monserrate, Chiapas, No. 9072. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220466.

Zinnia P^^rpusii sp. nov.

Annua: caulibus erectis interdum ramosis, paululum puberulis,
ca. 2 dm. altis: foliis lanceolatis, basi rotundatis, utrinque paulo
scabridis, margine tenuiter ciliatis, usque ad 2.4 cm. longis, 4 mm.
latis : capitulis caules ramosque terminantibus, globosis, diametro ca.
8 mm. ; pedunculis brevibus ; involucri squamis glabris plerumque
purpureis, 2-3-seriatis, exterioribus brevibus suborbicularibus, in-
terioribus obtusis vel acutis; radiis aurantiacis, ca. 2.5 mm. longis
latisque : radiorum achaeniis compressis, late ovatis, bidentatis, mar-
gine tenuiter serrato-ciliatis ; disci floribus atro-purpureis, achaeniis
eis radiorum similibus, anguste alatis, alls oblongo-sectis.

Collected near Hacienda Monserrate on rocky mountain slopes.
No. 9108. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220369.

Aspilia scabrida sp. nov.

Valde scabra, e radice lignosa crassaque multicaulis: caulibus basi
lignosis, asperis, ca. 2 dm. altis: foliis ovato-lanceolatis, utrinque
acutis, scabris, margine dentatis, fere sessilibus, ca. 3.4 cm. longis,
8 mm. latis : capitulis cum pedunculis asperis usque ad 8 cm. longis
axillaribus terminalibusque; involucrorum squamis longitudine
aequalibus, ciliatis; exterioribus ovato-acutis pilis validis hispidis,
margine ciliatis; squamis interioribus purpureo-striatis ; capitulis
radios includentibus diametro ca. 2.3 cm.; radiis 3-4, atropurpureis;
achaeniis disci obovatis, turgidis, basi squamellis duabus parvis acutis,
pilis paucis adpressis praeditis, pappo cyathiformi lacerato, aristis
duabus brevibus additis.

Near Aspilia purpurea Greenmn. which is described as hirsute
pubescent throughout. Collected near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas.
No. 9107. Type, Herb. T^niv. Calif. No. 220367.

1^24] Brandegee: Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII 421

Melanthera fruticosa sp. nov.

Fruticosa, ramosa: foliis oppositis, ovatis, acuminatis, margine
serratis, basi cuneatis, utrinque fere glabris, usque ad. 6.5 cm. long-is,
4 cm. latis ; petiolis 2 cm. longis : floribus ramos caulesque termin-
antibus, pedicellis 2-2.5 cm. longis ; involucri squamis ovato-lanceolatis,
glabris, ca. 5 mm. longis ; radii floribus flavis, stylif eris ; receptaculo
conico demum 5 mm. longo ; paleis rigidis, spinoso-acuminatis flores
superantibus ; achaeniis breviter pilosis, pappo aristis duabus validis
cum ciliis brevibus intermediis.

Collected from rocks along the road between Tuxtla Gutierrez and
Jalisco, Chiapas. No. 9117. Type, Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 220420.

NEW SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM
INDO-CHINA

BY

ELMER D. MERRILL

University of California Publications in Botany

Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 423-430

Issued October 11, 1924

LIBRAK*

NOW '

NEA¥ SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM INDO-CHINA

BY
ELMER D. MEERILL

During the past two or three years Dr. A. Petelot of the Entomo-
logical Station at Cho-Ganh, Indo-China, has submitted, to me from
time to time, for identification, an extensive series of botanical speci-
mens. Among these a considerable number of species are represented
that are apparently undescribed. The present paper contains the
descriptions of thirteen forms which I consider to represent new
species, with notes on several previously described forms that are of
sufficient general interest to warrant brief discussion. The types of
the new species herein described are preserved in the Herbarium of the
University of California.

GRAMINEAE

Eremochloa Petelotii Merr. sp. nov.

Erecta, glabra, circiter 60 cm. alta; foliis anguste lanceolatis,
tenuiter acuminatis, margine minutissime denticulatis, 15 ad 20 cm.
longis, 7 ad 9 mm. latis; ligula barbata, ciliis 2 ad 3 mm. longis;
inflorescentiis circiter 25 cm. longis, spicis paucis (circiter 4), 8 ad
10 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis ; pedicellis sterilibus 7 ad 9 mm. longis,
breviter stipitatis, acuminatis, glaberrimis, inflatis, in siccitate brun-
neis, quam spiculis sessilibus circiter bis longioribus, spiculis rudi-
mentariis 0 ; rhachibus articulis 2.5 mm. longis, sursum incrassatis,
glaberrimis ; spiculis sessilibus 4.5 ad 5 mm. longis, oblongo-ellipticis,
arete adpressis; gluma I in ^ superiore parte utrinque ala obtri-
angulari lata margine minutissime ciliata munita, inde late rotundata
vel truncato-emarginata, in f inferiore parte spinis utrinque 7 ad 9
brevis crassis antrorse curvatis 0.5 ad 1 mm. longis instructa, partibus
medianis subhyalinis, tenuissime 4-nervis; gluma II lanceolata,
acuminata 4 mm. longa, hyalina, 3-carinata; III et IV 3 mm. longa,
hyalina, enervosa.

Indo-China, Cambodia, Campong Chnang, Dr. A. Petelot 247,
July, 1921. In places subject to inundation.

A species allied to Eremochloa muricata Hack., differing in its
J^ much larger leaves, smaller spikelets, obscurely nerved first glume,
<T> and the conspicuous sterile pedicels, which are about twice as long as

0 3

csi

the sessile spikelets.

C3

"73

424 Unwersit!) of Califoniia PnJ)Hc(dionn in Botanij [Vol. 10

CAPPARIDACEAE
Capparis indochinensis Merr. sp. nov.

Frutex scandens, priaber vel subg-laber, ramis ramnlisque purpureo-
brnrincis, ramiilis jiiiiiori})ns obscure pubeseentibus <i'labres('entibus;
foliis coriaet'is, ()l)lon<i;is, in siceitate supra olivaeeis, nitidis subtus
brunneis, g^laberrimis, 4 ad 6 cm. longis, 2 ad 3 cm. latis, breviter
acuminatis, basi obtusis ad rotundatis plerumque obscure cordatulis,
nervis utrinque circiter 7, obscuris vel admodum obsoletis; petiolo

4 ad 6 mm. long^o ; stipulis spiniformibus brevibus, crassis, curvatis,
1.5 ad 2 mm. longis; inflorescentus axillaribus, brevibus, solitariis,
paucifloris, 1 ad 1.5 cm. longis, floribus racemoso-umbellatim dispositis,
pedicellis circiter 4 mm. longis; sepalis ellipticis, concavis, quara
petalis paullo brevioribus, glabris ; petalis oblongo-obovatis, obtusis,

5 mm. longis, deorsum ad margine ciliatis : staminibus 20, filamentis
4 ad 5 mm. longis, glabris, antheris 1.5 mm. longis ; ovario glabro,
breviter (1.5 mm.) stipitato, placentis binis, 2- vel 3-ovulatis.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh. Dr. A. Petelot 1463 (type), 14i8, Sep-
tember, 1923. On limestone hills.

A species well characterized by being almost entirely glabrous, as
well as by its very short, few-flowered, solitary, axillary inflorescences.
As the Indo-China species are arranged by Gagnepain^ it seems to
be most closely allied to Capparis tonkinensis Gagnep.. from which,
among other characters, it is at once distinguished by its very short
inflorescences.

EUPIIORBIACEAE
Glochidion triloculare Merr. sp. nov. § Euglochidion

Frutex vel arbor parva, ramis teretibus, brunneis, glabris, ramulis
tenuibus, leviter ciliatis; foliis chartaceis, subolivaceis, utrinque con-
coloribus, nitidis, oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, 6 ad 9 cm., longis, 2 ad
3.5 cm. latis, breviter acuminatis apiculatisque, basi subacutis ad sub-
rotundatis, equilateralibus ad perspicue inaequilateralibus. supra
glabris vel costa deorsum obscure pubeseentibus, subtus ad costa
nervisque leviter ciliatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, curvato-anastomo-
santibus, subtus distinctis; petiolo 5 ad 6 mm. longo. Floribus (^
paucis, pedicellis 5 mm. longis, cinereo-ciliatis ; se]ialis oblongis, 2 ad
2.5 mm. longis, extus pubeseentibus, interioribus minoribus; antheris
5, connatis, 2 ad 2.5 mm. longis : floribus 5 numerosis, f asciculatis.
sessilibus, sepalis 6, elliptico-ovatis, liberis vel subliberis, 1.5 mm.
longis, pubeseentibus. alternantibus minoribus; ovario subgloboso.
3-loculare, dense pubescente ; columna stylaris (juam ovario brevi-
oribus, glabra, crassa, vix 1 mm. longa, basi hand constricta, sub-
cylindrica, brevissime lobata.

1 Gagncpain, F., Cayjparidacces, in Lecomte, Flore generale do 1 'Indo-Chine,
vol. 1, 1908, pp. 181-196.

1924] Merrill: New Species of Plants from Indo-China 425

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Pet el at 1479, October, 1923. In
thickets.

Within the section, a species stron^h' characterized by its densely
pubescent, 3-celled ovaries.

Strophioblachia fimbricalyx Boerl. Handl.

Fl. Nederl. Ind., vol. 3, part 1, 1900, pp. 236, 284.
Stroijhioblachia gJandulosa Pax in Engl. Piianzcnreich, vol. 47, 1911, p. 36,
f. 10.

Indo-China. Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot S32, 923, December, 1922,
and June, 1923. On limestone hills,

A monotypic genus originallj^ described from Celebes, but now
also known from Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Mindanao, and Bongao in
the Philippines.

Trigonostemon Petelotii Merr. sp. nov. § Dichotomae sect. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, partibus junioribus leviter adpresse
hirsutis, ramis glabris, lenticellatis, subpurpureis ; f oliis membranaceis
vel chartaceis, oblongo-laneeolatis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, 3 ad 10 em.
long-is, 1.5 ad 3.5 cm. latis, olivaceis, obtuse acuminatis, margine dis-
tanter glanduloso-denticulatis, basi acutis ad obtusis, 3-nerviis, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 3 vel 4, tenuibus, distantibus, baud perspicuis,
supra minute albido-verruculosis, subtus ad costa nervisque leviter
adpresse hirsutis ; petiolo 5 ad 18 mm. longo ; inflorescentiis ^
axillaribus, 3 ad 6 cm. longis, pedunculatis, dichotome ramosis, sub-
cymosis, paucifloris, leviter hirsutis; sepalis inaequalibus, ellipticis ad
obovatis, leviter ciliatis, baud glandulosis, majoribus 2.5 mm. longis,
retusis, minoribus 1.5 ad 2 mm. longis, truncatis ; petalis 5, elliptico-
obovatis, rotundatis, glabris, 6 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis; filamentis
columnae 1.5 mm. longae, antheris 3, brevissime stipitatis, 0.6 mm.
longis, orbiculari-ellipticis, integris ; disco 1 mm. diametro ; floribus
5 fructibusque ignotis.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot 795 (type), 922, June, 1921,
and December, 1922. On limestone hills.

For this very distinct species I have proposed the new section
Dichotomae, oh account of the dichotomous, cymose, axillary staminate
inflorescences and the entire anthers,

Cleistanthus long-ipedicellatus Merr. sp, nov. § Pedicellati

Frutex vel arbor parva, ramulis leviter pubescentibus exeeptis
glabra, ramis teretibus, lenticellatis: foliis chartaceis, olivaceis, nitidis,
oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, 7 ad 13 cm. longis. 2.5 ad
3,5 cm. latis, acutis ad di.stincte acuminatis, deorsum angustatis, basi

426 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. lo

aciitis vel rariter obtusis, nervis utrinqiie 7 ad 10, tenuihus, distinctis;
petiolo 3 ad 4 mm. longo; fioribus ^ fasciculatis, axillaribus, sessilibus,
7 mm. diametro ; scpalis 5, oblongo-ovatis, aciitis vel aciiminatis,
3.5 mm. lonfjis, petalis minutis, vix 1 mm. longis, oblongis ; disco 2 mm.
diametro: floribns 5 paueis, a:xillaribus, longe (3 em.) pedicellatis,
1 ad 1.2cm. diametro; sepalis oblongo-obovatis, 6mm. longris, accre-
scentibus, persistentibus ; petalis lanceolatis ad oblanceolatis, acntis,
1 mm. longris ; disco 5 mm. diametro ; ovario glabro, o\Tilis basilaribiis,
stylis brevibus 1.5 mm. longis.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganb, Br. A. Petelot 1172 (type), 1173, October.
1923. On limestone hills.

A distinct species belonging in the section PediceJlati, strongly
characterized by its relatively large, long pedicelled female flowers,
and its persistent accrescent sepals. An allied form is apparently
represented by Petelot 867 from the same locality. The specimen is in
fruit, has larger, fewer nerved, longer petioled leaves and densely
pubescent branchlets. Cleistanthus longipedicellatus is entirely
glabrous except for a few scattered hairs on the youngest branchlets.

DILLENIACEAE

Saurauia Petelotii Merr. sp. no v.

Frutex vel arbor parva, ramis glabris, atro-purpureis, ramulis,
5 mm. diametro, dense cinnamomeo-tomentosis et paleis brevibus
sparsis adpressis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis 1 ad 1.5 mm. longis
instructis ; foliis chartaceis vel coriaceis, ellipticis. 15 ad 20 cm. longis.
9 ad 15 cm. latis, rotundatis ad breviter acuminatis, basi late rotun-
datis, margine breviter serrulato-setosis, supra olivaceis, glaberrimis,
nitidis, subtus densissime cinnamomeo-tomentosis. costa nervisque
paleis brevibus sparsis adpressis instructis, nervis utrinque circiter 25,
perspicuis ; petiolo 4 cm. longo, dense cinnaniomeo-tomentoso. paleis
adpressis instructo ; inflorescentiis lateralibus e ramis vetustioribus,
fasciculatis, cymosis, 3 ad 5 cm. longis, tomentosis setosisque ; pedi-
cellis circiter 1 cm. longis; sepalis late elliptico-ovatis, rotundatis.
glabris, 4.5 ad 5 mm. longis ; f ructibus globosis vel ovoideis, glabris,
sepalis aequantibus; stylis 5, circiter 5 riim. longis, basi 1.5 mm.
connatis.

Indo-China, ' ' Massif du Pia Quae, ' ' near Nam Kep, Dr. A. Petelot
669, July, 1922, in alluvial decomposed schist soil.

A very strongly marked species well characterized by the dense
cinnamomeous tomentum on the branchlets, petioles, and lower surface
of the leaves, tlic upper surface of the leaves being entirely glal)rous.

1924] Merrill: New Species of Plants from Indo-China 427

TPIEACEAE

Thea Petelotii Merr. sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra vel subglabra, rarais ramulisque
glabris, purpureo-brimneis, circiter 3 mm. diametro ; foliis oblongis ad
oblongo-ellipticis, 15 ad 23 cm. longis, 5.5 ad 7 cm. latis, coriaceis,
glaberrimis, in siccitate olivaceis, subopacis, subtus pallidioribus et
in siccitate plerumque verruculosis, breviter acuminatis, basi late
acutis ad subrotundatis, margine distanter glanduloso-crenulatis ;
nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtns perspicuis, distantibus, anastomos-
antibus ; petiolo 1.4 ad 1.8 cm. longo ; floribus terminalibus, solitariis
vel binis, pedicellatis, circiter 6 cm. diametro, pedicellis 1 ad 1.5 cm.
longis, bracteis late ovatis ad subreniformibus margine obscure ciliatis

2 ad 3 mm. longis et 3 ad 5 mm. latis sursum in sepalis transnentibus
instructis; sepalis exterioribus bracteiformis, interioribus late ovatis,
coriaceis, rotundatis, margine plus minusve ciliatis, 10 ad 12 mm. longis
et latis; petalis circiter 12, integris, ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis,
obtusis, 2.5 ad 3 cm. longis, circiter 1.5 cm. latis, margine ciliatis
excepta glabris, in siccitate verruculosis; staminibus x, filamentis
circiter 1.8 cm. longis, glabris, interioribus liberis, exterioribus
omnibus usque ad ^ connatis; antheris 4 mm. longis; ovario glabro,
3-loculare ; stylis 3, glabris.

Indo-China "Massif du Tam Dao," Dr. A. Petelot 848, February,
1923, altitude 900 m.

A species apparently allied to Thea tonkinensis Pitard but differ-
ing in its larger, very shortly acuminate leaves, the nerves projecting
on the lower surface; longer petioles; the bracts and sepals merely
ciliate on their margins, other%vise glabrous; the ovary and styles
glabrous.

FLACOURTTACEAE
Homalium mjrriandrum Merr. sp. nov.

Arbor, floribus exceptis glaberrima, ramis teretibus, ramulis
tenuibus ; foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, utrinque nitidis, breviter
obtuseque acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, integris vel obscure
distanter glanduloso-crenulatis, 6 ad 9 cm. longis, 2.5 ad 4.5 cm. latis,
nervis utrinque circiter 8, distinctis, curvatis, anastomasantibus ;
petiolo 4 ad 5 mm. longo ; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, foliis
subaequantibus; floribus numerosis, 9- vel 10-meris, circiter 8 mm.
diametro, pedicellis 3 ram. longis ; sepalis lanceolatis, acuminatis,
glabris vel subglabris, 3 mm. longis ; petalis oblongis, 4 mm. longis,
intus dense cinereo-villosis ; staminibus circiter 100, filamentis glabris,

3 mm. longis ; ovario pubescente, stylis 4, tenuibus, 1.5 mm. longis.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot 960 (type), 1460, June and
September, 1923. On limestone hills.

A species very strongly marked by its 9- or 10-numerous flowers
and its very numerous stamens, about ten stamens opposite each petal.

428 University of California Piihlications in Botany [Vol. lo

ARALTACEAE

Schefflera Petelotii Merr. sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurum

Frutex ])lus minusve stellato-tomentosvis ; ranmlis eireiter 1cm.
(liamctro. dense stellato- vel breviter ]iliimosn-tomejitosis ; foliis pal-
matim .l-foliolatis; petiolo circiter 20 em. loiigo, junioribiis plus
mimisve tomentoso, vetustioribus o;labro, basi leviter dilatato ; stipulis
obloiigo-lanceolatis, 1.5 cm. longis; foliolis elliptico-ovatis, subcoriaceis,
pallide olivaeeis, 12 ad 15 cm. lonfifis, 8 ad 10 cm. latis, intetrris,
breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi late rotundatis, supra glal)ris, nitidis,
subtus stellato-toraentosis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, perspicuis
petiolulis 2 ad 4 cm. longis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, plus minusve
stellato-tomentosis, ramis primariis circiter 10, us(iue ad 12 cm. longis,
racemose dispositis, rliacliibus crassis, 3 ad 4 cm. longis, bracteis sub-
persistentibus, lanceolatis, coriaceis, 3 cm. longis, extus dense pallide
toraentosis, intus glabris ; floribus 5-meris, umbellatis, umbellulis 5-
ad 7-floris, in ramis primariis racemose dispositis, pedunculis 8 ad
13 mm. longis, stellato-tomentosis, pedieellis 3 ad 5 mm. longis, parce
stellato-tomentosis ; calycis turbinatis, circiter 2 mm. diametro, par-
cissime stellato-tomentosis ; petalis 5, circiter 1 mm. longis, extus parce
stellato-tomentosis; ovario 5-loculare, stylis 0.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot 942, June, 1923. On lime-
stone hills.

A remarkably distinct species not at all closely allied to any of the
nine species known from Indo-China. It is well characterized by its
stellate, or in places, plumose indumentum, together with its vegetative
and inflorescence characters. Each primary branch of the inflorescence
bears about 20 umbels, each umbel being subtended by an oblong-
lanceolate, 5 mm. long bract.

SYMPLOCACEAE

Symplocos myriadenia Merr. sp. nov. § Bobua, Lodlira

Arl)or parva, ramulis junioribus sepalisque ferrugineo-])ubes-
centibus exceptis glabra, ramis teretibus, subpurpureis; foliis oblongis,
subcoriaceis, oblivaceis, subtus pallidioribus, 6 ad 8 cm. longis, 2 ad
2.5 cm. latis, basi acutis, apice perspicue acute acuminatis, margine
glanduloso-serratis; petiolo 5 ad 7 mm. longo supra glandulis parvis
18 ad 24 in series duas dispositis praeditis, nervis utrinciue circiter 6,
supra cum costa valde impressis, subtus valde perspicius, arcuato-
anastomosantibus ; floribus sessilibus, axillaribus et in axillis defoliatis,
fasciculis uscpie ad 20-floris ; calycis 2 mm. diametro. tubo glabro,
lobis 5, orbiculari-ovatis, 1 mm. diametro, ferrugineo-eiliatis ; petalis
5, liberis, ellipticis, 3 mm. longis, staminibus circiter 22, liberis vel
subliberis, filamentis glabris, 4 ad 5 mm. longis; stylis glabris, 4 ram.
longis; ovario 3-loculare.

Indo-China. "Massif du Tam Dao," A. Petelot 1518, October, 1923.

1924] Merrill: New Species of Plants from Indo-China 429

A species manifestly closely allied to Sijmplocos aclenopus Hance
of southern China, differing in its much smaller leaves, fewer petiolar
glands, shorter petioles, the nerves conspicuously impressed on the
upper surface, etc.

Symplocos Petelotii Merr. sp. nov. § Bobua, Lodhra

Arbor parva, ramis teretibus, glabris, castaneo-purpureis, ramulis
junioribus perspicue f errugineo-pubescentibus ; f oliis coriaceis, ellip-
ticis, glabris vel subtus ad costa leviter ciliatis, integris vel obscurissime
glanduloso-crenulatis, tlavido-olivaceis, nitidis, utrinque late rotun-
datis, 5 ad 8 cm. longis, 3 ad 4.5 cm. latis, costa supra leviter impressa,
nervis utrinque 5 ad 7, perspicuis, supra planis, subtus prominentibus,
anastomosantibus; petiolo glabro, 5 ad 7 mm. longo; inflorescentiis
axillaribus, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, stricte racemosis, solitariis, 15-
ad 20-floris, 4 ad 6 cm. longis ; floribus luteis, circiter 1.5 cm. diametro,
pedicellis 3 mm. longis, apice bibracteolatis, bracteolis ovatis, acutis,
pubescentibus, 2.5mm. longis; calycis circiter 5.5 mm. diametro, tubo
2 mm. longo, glabro, lobis 5, inaequalibus, elliptico-ovatis, rotundatis,
exterioribus distincte pubescentibus, interioribus subglabris ; petalis 5,
liberis, glabris, ellipticis, rotundatis, 6 ad 6.5 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis ;
staminibus oo, filamentis liberis, glabris, 3 ad mm. longis; ovario
3-loculare ; stylis glabris, 4 mm. longis.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot 765, November, 1921, in
argillaceo-calcareous soil.

A species well characterized by its coriaceous, elliptic, entire,
rounded leaves ; by being glabrous or nearly so except for the younger
branchlets and inflorescences; and by its bibracteolate not tribracteo-
late flowers. Tt probably belongs in the group Avith Sijmplocos elegans
Thwaites.

OLEACEAE

Jasminum longisepalum Merr. sp. nov.

Frutex scandens ramulis junioribus puberulis sepalisque dense
cinereo-pubescentibus exceptis glaber ; ramis teretibus. laevis, olivaceis
vel purpureis, ramulis circiter 2 mm. diametro ; f oliis simplicibus,
ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, 3 ad 8 cm. longis,
2 ad 4 cm. latis, olivaceis, nitidis, glaberrimis, acute acuminatis, basi
rotundatis, 5-plinerviis, nervis tenuibus, distinctis, nervis lateralibus
paucis; petiolo 1 ad 1.5 cm. longo; inflorescentiis terminalibus axillar-
ibusque, pedunculatis, cinereo-pubescentibus, floribus numerosis, con-
fertis, plerumque in triadibus dispositis, pedicellatis, calycis tubo 2
ad 3 mm. longo, lobis plerumque 7, linearis. 1.5 ad 3 cm. longis, dense
cinereo-pubescentibus; corolla glabra, tubo 2.5cm. longo, lobis pler-
umque 7, oblongo-ovatis, acute acuminatis, circiter 1 cm. longis;
antheris oblongis, 5.5 mm. longis.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot 773, 973 (type), July. 1923.

On limestone hills.

430 University of California Puhlications in Botany [Vol. 10

A remarkable species strongly characterized by its very long,
slender, densely cinereous-pubescent calyx lobes which attain a length
of 3 cm. In vegetative characters it resembles Jasminum hifarium
Wall, and manifestly belongs in the same general group as that species.

Jasminum nervosum Lour.

Fl. Cochinch. 20. 1790.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot 907, June, 1923. In hedges.

The specimen matches material collected by Mr. McClure at Hue,
where Loureiro lived while in Cochin China, and agrees closely with
the original description except that the leaves are simple, not pinnate.
I explain the discrepancy on the assumption that Loureiro mis-
interpreted the simple distichous leaves or that he deliberately
described the leaves as imparipinnate to bring his description into
conformity with the other Linnean species of the genus known to and
described by him. It is the same as the form figured by Ker, Bot.
Reg., vol. 7, 1821, t. 521, as Jasminum angustifoUum (non. Vahl) var.
laurifolium Ker, which in turn is the same as Jasminum laurifoliivm,
Roxb. Loureiro 's specific name takes precedence. India to southern
China and Indo-China.

VERBENACEAE

Premna acuminatissima Merr. sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, partibus junioribus leviter pubescentibus ;
ramis glabris, pallidis, ramulis, teretibus, rubro-brunneis, junioribus
leviter pubescentibus; foliis ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis, perspicue longe
acuminatis apiculatisque, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, chartaceis,
olivaceis, nitidis, 5 ad 9 cm. longis, 2.5 ad 4 cm. latis, punctatis, supra
glaberrimis, subtus glabris vel ad costa nervisque obscure pubes-
centibus, nervis utrinque plerumque 3, perspicuis, subadscendentibus,
anastomosantibus ; petiolo circiter 1 cm. longo, leviter pubescente ;
inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, laxis, angiiste pj^ramidatis,
6 ad 8 cm. longis, obscure pubescentibus ; floribus 5 ad 6 mm. longis,
extus puberulis, pedicellis 2 mm. longis, bracteis bracteolisque lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, bracteis 2 mm. longis, bracteolis 1 mm. longis ; calycis
cupulatis, 2.5 mm. longis, obscurrissime 2-labiatis, subaequaliter
5-dentatis, dentibus brevibus, acutis ; corollae tubo 2 ad 2.5 mm. longo,
subaequaliter 4-lobato, lobis ovato-rotundatis, 2.5 ad 3 mm. diametro ;
stylis filamentisque 3 mm. longis, glabris.

Indo-China, Cho-Ganh, Dr. A. Petelot 1434, September, 1923. On
limestone hills.

A species strongly characterized by its slenderly acuminate, nearly
glabrous leaves and its narrowly pyramidal panicles. The acumen on
the larger leaves is frequently 1.5 to 2 cm. in length.

INDEX

Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., Vol. 10.

Synonyms are in italics; names of new species, etc., and titles of papers,
are in boldface.

Acalypha chiapensdsi, CJiiapas, Mexico,
411.

unibracteata, 411.

var. heterantha, near Mata Zarza,
Vera Cruz, Mexico, 411.
Acmispon, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197.

aestivalis, 220, 221.

glahratus, 220, 221.

gracilis, 221.

mollis, 220, 221.

pilosiis, 220, 221.

sericcum, 221.

sericeus, 221.

silvicola, 219.

sparsiflorus, 220, 221.

Adelanthiis faleatus. North Island,
New Zealand, 319.

Aeschynomene arenicola, Chiapas,
Mexico, 408.
chiapensis, Chiapas, Mexico, 407.
pinetonim, Chiapas, Mexico, 408.
siniulans, 408.

Agardh, J., cited, on Pucus furcatus,
7 ; diagnosis of Fucus furcatus, 7.

Aneura, North Island, New Zealand,
373.
marginata, 309.

Anisolotus, 192, 193, 194.
argensis, 210.
argyraeus, 212.
bracJiycorpus, 224.
denticulatus, 222.
grandiflorus, 208.
Mrtellus, 215.
leucopliacus, 208.
macvantlms, 208.
maritimus, 217.
nudiflorus, 215.
parviflorus, 218.
rigidus, 209.
rubellus, 215.
strignstis, 215.
trispermus, 225.
wrightii, 212.

Aiithoceros? nostocoides, North Is-
land, New Zealand, 326, 327; fig-
ure showing, opp. 370.

Apodanthera scaberrima, 188.

Araliaceae, 428.

Ardisia chiapensis, Chiapas, Mexico,
413.

Aristolochia oblongifolla, Chiapas,
Mexico, 404.

Aspilia purpurea, 421.

scabrida, Chiapas, Mexico, 421.
Aspiromitus novazealandica, North

Island, New Zealand, 380; figure

showing, opp. 392.

Banisterla nemorum, Chiapas, Mexico,
410.

Bauhinia (Casparla) peninsularis, 183.
piinecta, 183.

Bazzania adnexa, North Island, New
Zealand, 320.
fissistdpa. North Island, New Zea-
land, 320.

Bentham, G., cited, 190, 191.
Borgesen, cited, disposition of Fucus
forms on Faroe Islands, 8.

Borreria arenicola, Chiapas, Mexico,
418.
auriculata, Chiapas, Mexico, 417.
chiapensis, Chiapas, Mexico, 417.
heterophylla, Chiapas, Mexico, 418.
podocephala, 417.
radicosa, Chiapas, Mexico, 417.

Bouvardia Purpusii, Chiapas, Mexico,
415.

Bower, cited, 14.

Brandegee, Townshend S., 181, 403.

Bunchosla nionticola, Chiapas, Mexico,
410.

caecostomata, definition of, in fonns

of Fucus, 15.
Galea Purpusii, Chiapas, Mexico, 419.

Callianda mexicana. Vera Cruz, Mex-
ico, 183.
scopulina, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 183.

CaHisia parvula, Chiapas, Mexico, 403.
CallophyUis, Revision of West North
American Species of, 397.

CallophyUis acrocarpa, Santa Cruz,
Calif., 397, 398.
crassifolia. Pacific Grove, Calif.,

397, 398.
creniilata, Whidbey Island, Wash.,

Santa Cruz, Calif., 397, 400.
dissecta, San Pedro, Calif., 398,
401.

[431]

Index

filicina. Venice, Calif., 397, 898.
i::il>clliilata, 397.

Gardner!, Venice, Calif., 397, 399.
heanopliyUa, Shaw Islan<l, Wash.,

398, 401.
marginifructa, San Pedro, Calif.,

397, 89S.
megalocarpa, Carmel Bav, Mon-
terey Co., Calif., 397, "401.
obtuslfoiia, 398.
odonthalioides, Santa Cruz, Calif.,

San Diego, Calif., 397, 399.
piniiata. Fort Point, San Francisco,

Calif., Diixbury Reef, Boliuas,

Marin Co., Calif., Santa Cruz,

Calif., 397, 400.
plumosa, La Jolla, Calif., San

Pedro, Calif., 397, 400.
stenophylla, Duxbury Reef, Bolinas,

Marin Co., Calif., 397, 399.
Thompsonii, Canoe Island, San

.Juan Co., Wash., 397, 399.
violaeea, 397.
Capparidaceae, 424.
Capparis indochinensis, 424.
tonkinensis, 424.

Ceplialo2%a dcntata, 318.

{Prionolohus) hirta, North Island,
Xew Zealand, 318.

Cheirostylus, 416.

glaber, near Jalisco, Chiapas, Mex-

ico, 416.

Chiloscyphus echinellus, Mamaku
Bush, North Island, New Zea-
land, 317, 318.
Cleisanthus longipedicellatus, 425.
Coccoloba petrophilla, near Cameron,

Vera Cruz, Mexico, 404.
color character, definition of, in forms

of Fucus, 15.
conceptacles, definition of, in forms of

Fucus, 13.
Conyza cMapensis, Jalisco, Chiapas,

Mexico, 419.
Cordia ovata, Remulatero, Vera Cruz,

^Mexico, 187.
Cormonema multiflormn, near Remu-
dadero, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 411.
spinulosum, Brazil, 412.
Crotalaria chiapensis, near Buena
Vista, Chiapas, Mexico, 406.
monticola, near Monserrate, Cliia-

pas, Mexico, 406.
sagittalis, 407.

quercetonun, near Hacienda Mon-
serrate, Chiapas, Mexico, 407.

Croton sitiens, Remulatero, Vera Cruz,
Mexico, 185.

cryptostomata, definition of, applied
to Fucus, 137; literature on, 14.

De la Pylaie, cited, 28.
Desmodium mexicanum, 407.

monticola, Cliiapas, Mexico, 407.

plectocarjium, 184.

sylvlcola, Lochiapa, Vera Cruz,
Mexico, 184.
Dilleniaceae, 426.

Diodia pulcheUa, near Hacienda Mon-
serrate, Chiapas, Mexico, 418.

Ditassa mexicana, near Hacienda
Monserrate, Chiapas, Mexico, 414,

Drepanalobus, 192.
micranthus, 226.
prostratus, 225.

Echeandia Puxpusii, near Hacienda
Monserrate, Chiapas, Mexico, 403.

Eremochloa muricata, 423.
Petelotii, 423.

Euhosackia, 192.

Euphorbiaceae, 424.

Farlow, cited, 8.

Fauchea laeiniata, Carmel Bay, Mon-
terey Co., Calif., 394.
Faucheocolax, 394.

attenuata, Carmel Bay, Monterey
Co., Calif., 394.

Flaeourtiaceae, 427.
FlorJdae, II, Parasitic, 393.
fluctuating variation, in study of

Fucus, 3.
Frullania decurvifolia, 379, 380.
(Diastoloba) rostrata, near W^aio-
tapu. North Island, New Zea-
land, 327.
falciloba, 327.
fragilifolia, 326.
lacinaeflora, 378, 379.
obtusiloba, 380.
pycantha, 378.
rostellata, 378, 379.
(Galeiloba) Colensoana, Taupo,
North Island, New Zealand,
325; figure showing, opp. 362.
decurvifolia, 379, 380.
fugax, Taupo, North Island, New
Zealand; near Waiotapu,
North Island, New Zealand,
325 ; figure showing, opp. 364.
laciniaeflora, near Whakapara,
North Island, New Zealand,
378.
obtusifolia, figure showing, opp.

390.
obtusiloba. Island Bay, North Is-
land, New Zealand, 379, 380 ;
figure showing, opp. 388.
Setchellii, near Waiotapu, North
Island, New Zealand, 326,
327 ; figure showing, opp. 368.

[432]

Inde.)

squarrosulj), Pipiriki, North Is-
land, New Zealand, 326; fig-
ure showing, opp. 366.

Fucus, general remarks, 2 ; variation in
study of, 3 ; geographical range,
5; species major, 5; species
minor, 5; see Kjellman, 6; in
Japan, 6; Faroe Islands, forms
of, 8; basis of classification of,
9; diagnostic characters of, 12ff.

Fucus edentatus, 5, 11; as species

major, 11; diagnosis of, Sitka,

Alaska, to Coos Bay, Ore., 28;

figure 1 shomng, opp. 180.

forma acutus, diagnosis of, Belling-

hani, Wash., 31.
forma costatus, diagnosis of, Lower

Puget Sound, Wash., 30.
forma divaricatus, diagnosis of

Bellingham, Wash. ; Comox and

Ueluelet, Vancouver Island,

British Columbia, 31.
forma divergens, diagnosis of.

Kanaka Bav, San Juan Island,

Wash., 29.
forma hesperius, 29.
Fucus evanescens, forms of, Coos
Bay, Ore., 4; forms of, 5; state-
ment by Ruprecht on, 7; as
species major, 11 ; diagnosis of,
36.
forma angustus, diagnosis of, 56.
forma contractus, St. Michael, Go-

lofin Bay, Alaska, diagnosis of,

55.
forma cornutus, Yakutat Bay,

Alaska, diagnosis of, 50, 51.
forma cuneatus, near Empire, Coos

Bay, Oregon., diagnosis of, 39.
forma dendroides, Agattu Island to

Sitka, Alaska, diagnosis of, 41.
forma ecostatus, Coos Bay, Ore.,

diagnosis of, 39.
forma flabellatus, Bellingham,

Wash., diagnosis of, 44.
forma intennedius, East Sound,

Orcas Island, Wash., diagnosis

of, 44.
forma irregularis, diagnosis of, 54.
forma limitatus, diagnosis of, 54.
forma longifructus, Orca to Juneau,

Alaska, diagnosis of, 50.
forma macrocephalus, Bering Sea

to Juneau, Alaska, diagnosis

of, 45.
forma magnificus, .Juneau, Alaska,

to Puget Sound, Wash., diag-
nosis of, 48.
forma marginatus, Sitka, Alaska,

diagnosis of, 42.
forma nanus, Yakutat Bay, Alaska,

to Puget Sound, Wash., diag-
nosis of, 37.

forma oregonensis, Coos Bay, Ore.,
opp. North Bend, Ore., diag-
nosis of, 40.
forma pergrandis, Unalaska, Alaska,
to Puget Sound, Wash., diag-
nosis of, 46.

forma robustus, general habitat, 4;
St. Paul Island, Alaska, to Fri-
day Harbor, San Juan Island,
Wash., diagnosis of, 47.

forma rudis, Bering Sea to Skag-
way, Alaska, diagnosis of, 53.

forma stellatus, Kitsap Co., Wash.,
diagnosis of, 49.

forma typicus. Harvester and Ka-

kiak Islands, Alaska, diagnosis

of, 51.

Fucus furcutus, Sitka, Alaska, to Oil

Port, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif.,

5; earliest records of, on Pacific

Coast, 6; quotations by Agardh

on, 7; diagnosis of, by Kuetzing,

7; statement by Ruprecht on, 7;

citations by Farlow on, 8; type

specimen of, 9; as species major,

9; diagnosis of, 16.

forma abbreviatus. Islands of San
Juan Co. and vicinity. Wash.,
diagnosis of, 19.

forma angustus, San Juan Co.,
Wash., and central coast of
Oregon, diagnosis of, 18; re-
lated to F. inflatus f. edenta-
tus, 18.

forma contortus, Bellingham, Wash.,
diagnosis of, 25.

forma cornutus, Sitka, Alaska,
diagnosis of, 20.

foi-ma elongatus, San Juan Island,
Wash., and Sunset Beach, near
mouth of Coos Bay, Ore., diag-
nosis of, 21.

forma latifrons, near Fort Ward,
west of Seattle, Wash., diag-
nosis of, 25; compared with f.
rigidus, 24, 25.

forma linearis, Kitsap Co., Wash.,
diagnosis of, 19.

forma luxurians, northern and cen-
tral California, diagnosis of,
22; compared to f. typicus, 23;
to f. rigidus, 25.

forma nigricans, south end of San
Juan Island, Wash., diagnosis
of, 21.

forma reflexus, Taconia, Wash.,
diagnosis of, 23.

forma rigidus, Whidbey Island,
Wash., diagnosis of, 24; com-
pared to f. latrifrons and f.
luxuriaiis, 24.

forma typicus, from Strait of Juan
de Fuca to central California,
iliagnosis of, 16.

[433]

Index

formn variabilis, Sitka, Alaska,
(liatrnosis of, 26; related to F.
cvanosfc'iis f. mag-nificus, 2G.
Fucus inflatus, diagnosis by l^in-
naeus, 10; remarks by K jell man
on, 10.
forma edentatus, related to F. fur-
t-atus f. angustus, 18.
Fucus membranaceus, Bering 8ea to
Puget Sound, Wash., 5; diagnosis
of, 32.
forma abbreviatus, Sitka, Alaska,

diagnosis of, 32.
forma acuminatus, Sitka, Alaska,

diagnosis of, 33.
forma latissimus, Kadiak Island,
and Sitka, Alaska, diagnosis
of, 3n, 3().
forma liinita,tus, Tacoma, Wasli.,

diagnosis of, 35.
forma obtusus, Sitka, Alaska, diag-
nosis of, 34:.

forma typicus, Sitka, Alaska, diag-
nosis of, 34.
Fucus nitens, San Francisco Bay,
Calif., 5; species major, 10; diag-
nosis of, 26; habitat, 27.
Fucus spiralis, compared to F. evan-
escens f. marginatus, 42.

Gardner, Nathaniel L., 1.

Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast of

North America, 1.
Glochidion triloculare, 424.
Gomphrena crassicaulis, 181.

Palmeri, 181.
Gonimopliylhnn Buffhami, 39;").

Skottsbergii, San Francisco, Calif.,
394.
Gonolobiis, 414.

unillorus, 414.

Gottschea nobilis, 323.

Gracilaria Cunninghamii, near Santa

Monica, Calif., 393.
Gracilariophila, 393.

Gardnerl, near Santa Monica, Calif.,
393.

oryzoides, 393.
Gramineae, 423.
Gray, A., cited, 190, 191, 192.
Greene, E. L., cited, 190, 192, 193.

growing point, definition of, in forms
of Puciis, 13.

Guettarda insularis, on Socorro Is-
land of Revilagigedo group, Mex-
ico, 416.

Gunnera mexicana, near Misantla,
Vera Cruz, Mexico, 186, 187.

habitat, definition of, in forms of
Fucus, 15.

Harvey, cited, on Fucus furcatus, 6,

7."
Harveyella, 393.

Hepaticae, New Zealand, Notes on
Collection of, 307.

Hepaticae, More New Zealand, 373.

Hiraea Purpusii, Vera Cruz, Mexico,
184, 185.

holdfast, definition of, in forms of

Fucus, 12.
Homalium myriandrum, 427.
Hooker, W. J., cited, 191.
Hosackia, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196.
argcntea, 237, 238.
argyraea, 212.
argophylla, 238.

var. "decora, 237, 238.

var. fremonti, 238.
halsamifcra, 200, 201.
bicolor, 191, 203.
hrachycarpa, 224.
crassifolia, 202, 229.
cytis'yides, 230.

var. ruhescens, 230.
cuprea, 206.
decumbens, 191, 234, 236.

var. glabriuscvia, 225.

var. nevadensis, 236.
dcnticulata, 222.
elata, 221.

var. glabra, 221.
floribunda, 221.
glabra, 229.

var. diffusa, 229.
gracilis, 204.
grandiflora, 207, 208.

var. anthyUoidcs, 207, 208.
haydnni, 230, 231.
Jiernnannii, 233, 234.
incana, 199.
juncea, 231.
lathyroides, 204, 206.
marrantha, 207, 208.
maritima, 192, 216, 217.
micraniha, 226.
micropliylla, 218.
mollis, 221.
nevadensis, 236.
nivea, 212.
n It (I i flora, 215.
oblongifolia, 206.

var. angustifolia, 206.
occidta, 208.
ochroleuca, 208.
ornithopus, 238.
porviflura, 191, 192, 218.
pilosa, 221.
platycarpa, 202.
prncumhens, 226, 227.
pnistrata, 225.
pitbenila, 21 1.
purshiana, 191, 192, 221.

[434]

Index

rigida, 210.

var. nummularia, 2V1.

rosea, 200, 201.

ritheUa, 215.

scoparia, 229.

sericea, 221, 226, 227.

stiimlaris, 200, 201.

stolonifera, 202.

Tar. piihescens, 202.

strigosa, 192, 215, 216.
var. hirtella, 215.

subpinnata, 192, 221, 223.

^o?«f»ifosrt, 232, 233.

torrcyi, 206.

var. nevadensis, 206.

unifoliolata, 221.

veatchii, 228, 229.

venusta, 236, 238.

ivrangeliana, 223.

icrightii, 211, 212.
Hymeuopliylum Pliyllanthus, Mamaku
Bush, North Island, New Zea-
land, 311.

Isotachis Lyalli, Pipiriki, North Is-
land, Ne^v Zealand, 322.
minima, 322, 323; figure shov.in^,
opp. 354.

Janezewskia, cited, 393.
Jasminum

angustifolium

var laurifolium, 430.

bifarium, 430.

laurifolium, 430.

longisepalum, 429.

nervosum, 430.
Jungermanuia adnexa, 320.

arbuseula, 317.

flavifolia, 324.

gigautea, 317.

inundata, Wliakerewarewa, North
Island, New Zealand, 314.

(Metzgeria) argentea, 318.

nobilis, 323.

rostrata, 327.

squarrosula, 326.

Kjellman, cited, remarks on Fueus,
0: on Fueus inflatus, 10; diag-
nosis of F. evanescens f. nanus,
37; diagnosis of F. evanescens f.
macrocephalus, 45; diagnosis of
F. evanescens f. pergrandis, 46;
diagnosis of F. evanescens f. cor-
nutus, 50; diagnosis of F. evan-
escens f. typicus, 51; diagnosis
of F. evanescens f. rudis, 53;
diagnosis of F. evanescens f.
irregularis, 54; diagnosis of F.
evanescens f. limitatus, 54; diag-
nosis of F. evanescens f. contrac-
tus, 55; diagnosis of F. evan-
escens f. angustus, 56.

Kuetzing, cited, on Fueus furcatus, 7.

Lembidium nutans, Kahi Kanui,

North Island, New Zealand, 319.

Lepicolea scalopendra, Mamaku,

North Island, New Zealand, 323.

Lepidolaena clavigera, 323.

var. Stangeri, Mamaku, North Is-
land, New Zealand, 323.
papebrifolia, 323.
Taylori, 323.
Lepidozia brevipinna, Wairakei,
North Island, New Zealand, 321,
322; figure showing, opp. 352.
capillaris, 377.
capilligera, Opepe, North Island,

New Zealand, 377.
hippuroides, Opepe, North Island,

New Zealand, 377.
Nova Zealandia, 322.
Novae Zealandiae, Opepe, Taupo,
North Island, New Zealand,
378.
pendulina, Opepe, North Island,

New Zealand, 377.
plumulosa, Mamaku Bush, North
Island, New Zealand, 321; fig-
ure showing, opp. 350.
quadrifida, Pipiriki, North Island,

New Zealand, 377.
quadriloba, 322.
Linnaeus, cited, diagnosis of Fueus

inflatus, 10.
Lonchocarpus fuscopurpureus, near
Eemudadero, Vera Cruz, Mexico,
405.
dumetonim, 181.
Purpusii, 405.
Lophocolea, Mamaku, North Island,
New Zealand, 317.
heterophylloides, Whangerei, Is-
land Bay, North Island, New
Zealand, 317, 375, 376.
crassiilora, Taupo, North Island,
New Zealand, 375, 376; figure
showing, opp. 384.
horridula, 318.

minuta, Taupo, North Island, New
Zealand, 376, 377 ; figure show-
ing, opp. 386.
muricata, 317, 318.
Lotus americanus, 193, 195, 218-220;
figures showing, opp. 266, 292.
var. minutiflorus, 220, 221 ; figure
showing, opp. 292.
argensis. 209, 210.
argophyllus, 199, 236, 238; figures
showing, opp. 280, 302.
var. decorus, 234, 237, 238; fig-
ures showing, opp. 280, 302.
var. fremontii, 237, 238; figures

showing, opp. 280, 302.
var. niveus, 237, 238; figures

showing, opp. 282, 302.

var. ornithopus, 238; figures

showing, opp. 282, 302.

[435]

Index

argvriious, TJ7, 207; figures sliow-

' ing opp. 258, 288.
hnlsomifrrns, 201.
Ijenthaniii, 198, 229, 230; figures

showing, opp. 270, 298.
bicolor, 203.
hiolettii, 232.
co7ifinis, 208.
crassifolius, 196, 201, 202; figures

showing, opp. 246, 248, 284.
davidsonii, 199, 234, 235, 236, 238,
239 ; figures showing, opp. 282,
302.
dcndroideus, 229.

denticulatus, 193, 198, 221, 222; fig-
ures sliowiug, opp. 266, 294.
douglasii, 199, 234, 236; figures
showing, opp. 278, 300.
var. congestus, 234, 235, 236; fig-
ure showing, opp. 300.
var. nevadensis, 232, 233, 234,
236; figures showing, opp.
278, 300.
eriophorus, 193, 199, 232, 233; fig-
ures showing, opp. 276, 300.
var. heermannii, 232, 233, 234;
figures showing, opp. 276,
300.
formosissimus, 197, 203, 204; fig-
ures showing, opp. 250, 286.
frcmonti, 238.
glaber, 193, 229.

grandiflorus, 197, 207, 208, 209;

figures sliowing, opp. 254, 288.

var. mutabilis, 207, 208; figures

showing, opp. 254, 256, 288.

ffuadalujjen.tis, 208.

hamatus, 198, 22.5, 226; figures

showing, opp. 268, 296.
haydoni, 198, 230, 231; figures

showing, opp. 274, 298.
hirtellus, 215.
humUis, 217.

humistratus, 193, 195, 198, 221,
222, 223, 224; figures showing,
opp. 266, 294.
ineanus, 196, 199, 235, 236; figures

sliowing, opp. 240, 284.
junceus, 199, 231 ; figures showing,
opp. 274, 298.
var. biolettii, 231, 232; figures
showing, opp. 274, 298.
lathyrnidcs, 206.
levcopJinrus, 208.

leucophyllus 193, 198, 226, 227;
figures showing, opp. 270, 296.
var. jepsonii, 227 ; figure showing,
opp. 296.
maeraei, 191, 223.
macranthnu, 208.
mearnsii, 212.

micranthus, 191, 192, 194, 198, 217,
218; figures showing, opp. 264,
290.

vevadcnsis, 236.
jiivens, 238.
nudifforus, 214, 215.
nuttallianus, 198, 225; figures show-
ing, opp. 268, 296.
obh.iigifolius, 197, 204, 206, 286.
var. cupreus, 194, 206; figure

showing, opp. 286.
var. torrevi, 205; figures showing,
opp. 252, 286.
oriiithnpus, 238.

piunatus, 191, 197, 202, 203, 205;
figures showing, opp. 250, 286.
prncitmbens, 227.
pul)prulus, 211.
jjurshianus, 221.
rigidus, 197, 207, 209, 211; figures

sliowing, opp. 256, 288.
ruleUus. 213, 215.
salsugiiiosus, 197, 216, 217; figures
showing, opp. 262, 264, 290.
var. brevivcxillus, 217 ; figures
showing, opp. 264, 290.
scoparius, 198, 227, 229, 230, 231;
figures shoAving, opp. 272, 298.
var. brevialatus, 229; figures

showing, opp. 272, 298.
var. dendroideus, 228, 229; figure

showing, opp. 298.
var. traskiae, 198, 229; figure

shoAAdng, opp. 298.
var. veatehii, 228, 229; figure
showing, opp. 298.
sericeus, 191, 221.
spencerae, 230, 231.
stipularis, 196, 199, 201; figures
showing, opp. 242, 244, 284.
var. subglaber, 200, 201; figures
showing, opp. 244, 284.
strigosus, 197, 207, 213, 215; figures
showing, opp. 260, 290.
var. hirtellus, 214, 215; figures

showing, opp. 260, 290.
var. nudiflorus, 215.
subpinnatus, 191, 193, 195, 198,
221, 222, 223; figures showing,
opp. 266, 294.
var. uTanf;eliarni.i, 223.
suJphurcus, 238, 239.
tomcntosus. 233.

tomentellus, 197, 207, 215, 216; fig-
ures showing, opp. 260, 290.
torreyi, 206.
trispermus, 224, 225.
unifnliolatvs, 221.
veatehii, 229.
venustus, 238.
ieran(jelia7ius, 223.
wrigiitii, 195, 207, 210, 211, 212;
figure showing, ojip. 258.
var. multicaulis, 197, 211; figures
showing, opp. 258, 288.

[436]

Index

Machaerium chiapense, Chiapas,

Mexico, 405.
Madotheca Stangeri, Pipiriki, North

Island, New Zealand, 325.
Marchantia Berteroana, 309.
papUlata, 308.

Setchellii, near Waimangu, North

Island, New Zealand, 308, 309;

figure showing, opp. 330.

subandina, 308, 309 ; figure showing,

opp. 330.

Mars.ypiantJiesl arenosa, near Jalisco,

Chiapas, Mexico, 419.
Mascagnia polycarpa, Eemudadero,

Vera Cruz, Mexico, 409.
Mastigobiyum affinis, 320.
fissistipum, 320.
Novae Hollandiae, 320.
Sieberianum, 320.
Melanthera fruticosa, between Guti-
errez and Jalisco, Chiapas, Mex-
ico, 421.
Melastelnia, 415.
Merrill, Elmer D., 423-430.
Metzgeria, near Hamurana Spring,
Eotorua, North Island, New
Zealand, 311.
atrichoneura, Whakapara, North

Island, New Zealand, 311.
chilensis, Opepe, North Island,
New Zealand, 373.
Miconia Purpusii, 185.
Microlotus, 191, 192.
Mieropterygium nutans, 319.
Mimosa chaetocarpa, 182.
More New Zealand Hepaticae, 373.

Nardia humilis, 314.
New Species of Plants from Indo-
china, 423-430.
Nitophyllum Andersonianum, Point
Cavallo, Marin Co., Calif., 395.
polydactylum, 395.
Ruprechtianum, Lands End, San
Francisco, Calif., 394.
Notes on Collection of New Zealand
Hepaticae, 307.

Oenothera Drunimondii, 186.
sinuata var. humifusa, 186.
thalassaphila, Baja, San Jose del
Cabo, Pescadero, Eancho To-
mate, Calif., 185.
Oleaceae, 429.
Ottley, Alice M., 189.

Pachystelma cordatum, 187.
Pallavicinia, 374.
connivens, 374.

SetcheUii, Taupo, North Island, New
Zealand, 373, 374; figure show-
ing, opp. 382.

paraphyses, definition of, in forms of

Fueus, 13.
Parasitic Floridae, II, 393.
Parosela longeracemosa, 184.
Pearson, William H., 307, 373.
Pedilanthus petraeus, Vera Cruz,

Mexico, 411.
Perymenium pinetonim, near Haci-
enda Monserrate, Chiapas, Mex-
ico, 420.
Petalostemon chiapense, near Haci-
enda Monserrate, Chiapas, Mex-
ico, 408.
Physalis filipendnla, 187.
Pierasma mexicana, Eemudadero,

Vera Cruz, Mexico, 410.
Pisonia capitata, 405.

Purpusii, Cameron, Vera Cruz, Mex-
ico, 405.
Pi,thecolobium leucospermum, 182.
Plagiochila arbuscula, Pipiriki, North
Island, New Zealand, 317; fig-
ure showing, opp. 348.
Banksiana, 316.

deltoidea, Mamaku, North Island,
New Zealand, 315, 316; figure
showing, opp. 344.
gigantea, Mamaku, North Island,

New Zealand, 317.
Howeana, 316.

Kirkii, Mamaku, North Island, New
Zealand, 314, 317; figure show-
ing, opp. 342.
Lyalli, Mamaku, North Island, New

Zealand, 314.
neohoweana, 315, 316; figure show-
ing, opp. 346.
Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI,

181; XII, 403.
Plocamiocolax, 395.

pulvinata, Carmel Bay, Monterey
Co., Calif., 396.
Plocamium coccineum, 396.
Polycoryne Gardnerl, Point Cavallo,
Marin Co., Calif., 395.
radiata, 395.
Pouzolzia nivea, 404.
Pringlei, 404.

Purpusii, near Hacienda Monser-
rate, Chiapas, Mexico, 404.
Premna acuminatissima, 430.
Psychopsis, 192.
Pterosiphonia Baileyi, 395.

Eadula flavifolia, 324; figure show-
ing, opp. 360.
physoloba. Cape Horn, 324; figure

showing, opp. 358.
plicata, Mamaku, North Island,
New Zealand, 324; figure show-
ing, opp. 356.

[437]

Index

Eeeeptacle, definition of, in forms of

Fucus, 13.
Revision of the Califomian Species

of Lotus, ISii.

Revision of West North American
Species of Callophyllis, 397.

Rliodynienia palniata, 400.
I'ahnetta, Whites Point, San Pedro,
Calif., 394.
Rhodymeniocolax, 394.

botryoidea, Whites Point, San
Pedro, Calif., 394.
Riccardia alterniloba, 311.

bistrata, Pipiriki, North Island,
New Zealand, 310; figure show-
ing, opp. 334.
marginata, near Whakapara, North
Island, New Zealand, 309; fig-
ure sliowing, opp. 332.
riccioides, Mamaku Bush, North Is-
land, New Zealand, 310 ; figure
showing, opp. 336.

Roseanthus heterophyllus, 188.

Ruprecht, cited, on Fucus furcatus,
7 ; on Fucus evanescens, 7.

Salvia chiapensis, near Jalisco, Chia-
pas, Mexico, 415.
Saurauia Petelotli, 426.
Schefflera Petelotii, 428.

Schistochila nobilis, Mamaku Bush,
North Island, New Zealand, 323.

Schnltesia chiapensis, Jalisco, Chia-
pas, Mexico, 413.

Scutellaria vitifolia, near Jalisco,
Chiapas, Mexico, 415.

segments, definition of, in forms of

Fucus, 13.
Setchell, William A., 393.

Solenostoma brevissimum, Taupo,
Pipiriki, North Island, New Zea-
land, 374, 380.

brevissimum, Wluikerewarewa, Roto-
rua, North Island, New Zea-
land, 313, 314; figure showing,
opp. 340.
humile, 314.
species, conceptions of, 3.
species, major, definition of, 5; Fucus
furcatus as, 9; Fucus nitens as,
10; Fucus edentatusas, 11; Fucus
evanescens as, 11.

species minor, definition of, 5.
Stennnadenia bella, 188.

calcycina, Rennilatero, Vera Cniz,
Mexico, 188.

Palmcri, 188.

tomentosa, 188.

stipe, definition of, in forms of Fucus,
12.

Stroemfelt, cited, 41.
Stromatocarpus Gardneri, Santa
Monica, Calif., 395.
parasitica, 395.

Stropliioblacliia fimbricalyx, 425.
glandulosa, 425.

Stylosanthes eciliata, Chiapas, Mex-
ico, 409.
purpurata, 409.

Symphyogyna grandibracteata, 313,
374; figure showing, opp. 382.
Hymenophyllum, Pipiriki, North

Island, New Zealand, 374.
microcajyptra, near Whakapara,
North Island, New Zealand,
312; figure showing, opp. 338.
obovata, 312, 313.
pulchra, 313.
rhizoloba, 313.

undulata, Pipiriki, North Island,
New Zealand, 312.
Symplocaceae, 428.

Symplocos adenopus, 429.
elegans, 429.
myriadenia, 428.
Petelotii, 429.

Syrmatium, 192, 193, 194.
abramsi, 230.
argophyllum, 238.
bioletti, 232.
cytisoidcs, 230.
davidsonii, 239.
dendroideum, 228, 229.
eriophoruin, 193, 233.
fremontii, 238.
glabrum, 229.
haydoni, 231.
heermanni, 234.
junccum, 232.
nevadense, 236.
niveum, 238.
ornithopum, 238.
patens, 228, 229.
procumbens, 227.
prostratum, 225.
sericcum, 227.
tomentosum, 233.
traskiae, 229.

Taubert, cited, 192.

Tauschia madrcnsis, 413.

pinetorum, Chiapas, Mexico, 413.

Torrey, J., cited, 191, 192.

Tephrosia albida, along road from
Tuxthi (iutierrez to Jalisco,
('liiapas, Mexico, 406.
nitons, 406.

Theaceae, 427.

[439]

Index

Thea Petelotii, -427.

tonkiiiensis, 427.

Tradescantia heterophylla, 181.

Trigonella, americana, 220.

Trigonostemon Petelotii, 425.

Triiimfetta dioica,, near Hacienda
Monserrate, Chiapas, Mexico, 412.

Tumera violacea, near Hacienda
Monserrate, Chiapas, Mexico, 412.

Yerbenaeeae, 430.

Verbesina sylvicola, Santa Luerecia,
A'era Cruz, Mexico, 420.

Vincetoxicum proptnquum, near Haci-
enda Monserrate, Chiapas, Mex-
ico, 414.
?tortum, Santa Luerecia, Vera Cruz,
Mexico, 414.

Watson, S., cited, 190, 191, 192.
West North American Species of
CallophyUis, Revision of, 397.

Yendo, cited, on Fucus in Japan, 6.

Zinnia Purpusii, near Hacienda Mon-
serrate, Chiapas, Mexico, 420.

Zoopsis argentea, Mamaku Bush,
North Island, New Zealand, 318.

ERRATA

Page 393, line 15. For albido read albidis.

Page 393, line 20. For carpostomi read carpostomio.

Page 394, line 27.)

p 9Q- 1- r. [ ^^'' GonmiophyUum read Gonimophyllum.

Page 394, line 31. For mentibus read nentibus.

Page 395, line 19. For Nitrophyllum read Nitophyllnm.

Page 399, line 15. For maximate read maxima.

Page 399, line 19. For systocarpic read cystocarpic.

Page 397. Under "Key" expand the first two lines to:

1. Cystocarps on terminal segments only 2

1. Cystocai^ps marginal (or on lateral lobes only) 4

1. Cystocarps largely on the 'disk' of the frond..... 9

[438]

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PLANTAE MEXICANAE PURPUSIANAE,XI

BY
TOWNSHEND STITH BRANDEGEE

University op California Publications in Botany
Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 181-188, 1 figure in text

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

TJNIVEESITT OF OALIFOKNIA PUBLICATIONS

Note. — Tb9 University of California Publications are offered in exchange for the publU
eatlonB of learned societies and Institutions, universities and libraries. Complete lists of
all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample copies, lists
of publications and other information, address the MANAGER OF THE UNIVERSITY
PRESS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be
addressed to THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BERKELEY,
CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.

WILLIAM WESLEY & SONS, LONDON

Agent for the series in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Botany, Geology,

Physiology, and Zoology.

«'

BOTANY. — W. A. Setchell, Editor. Price per volume, $3.50 (vol. 5, $6.00) ; beginning with
volume 6, $5.00. Volumes I, II, HI, IV, V, VI, VII, and IX completed, "Volumes
Vm, X, and XI in progress.

Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
VoL 5. 1912-1922.

1. Studies in NicoUana. I, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 1-86. December,

2. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance In NicoUana Hybrids. I, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 87-168, plates 1-28. December, 1912 1.00

S. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in NicoUana Hybrids. 11, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 169-188, plates 29-34. January, 1913 20

4. On the Partial Sterility of NicoUana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 189-198. March, 1913 10

5. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. I, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 199-222. May, 1913 „ - - .25

6. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in NicoUana Hybrids, in, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 223-231. April, 1915 _ 10

7. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. II, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 233-248. June, 1915 _ — .15

8. Parthenogenesis, Parthenocarpy and Phenospenny in NicoUana, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 249-272, plate 35. July, 1915 ..._ _ .25

9. On the Partial Sterility of NicoUana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. II, by T. H. Goodspeed and A. H. Ayres. Pp. 273-292, plate 36.
October, 1916 „ _ _ 20

10. On the Partial Sterility of NicoUana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. Ill, An Account of the Mode of Floral Abscission in the Fj Species
Hybrids, by T. H. Goodspeed and J. N. KendaU. Pp. 293-299. November,

11. The Nature of the Fj Species Hybrids between NicoUana sylvestris and

Varieties of NicoUana Taiacum, with Special Reference to the Conception
of Reaction System Contrasts in Heredity, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.
Clausen. Pp. 301-346, plates 37-48. January, 1917 _ _ .45

12. Abscission of Flowers and Fruits in the Solanaceae, with Special Reference

to Nicotiana, by John N. Kendall. Pp. 347-428, 10 text figures, plates 49-

53. March, 1918 _ - 85

IS. Controlled Pollination in Nicotiana, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Pirie

Davidson. Pp. 429-434. August, 1918 J.0

14. An Apparatus for Flower Measurement, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.

Clausen. Pp. 435-437, plate 54, 1 figure in text. September, 1918 „ .05

15. Note on the Ilffects of Illuminating Gas and Its Constituents in Causing

Abscission of Flowers in Nicotiana and Citrus, by T. H. Goodspeed, J. M.
McGee and E. W. Hodgson. Pp. 439-450. December, 1918 ..._ _- J.0

16. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. HI, Note on the Relation of

Light and Darkness to Germination, by T. Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 451-

455. April, 1919 05

17. Inheritance in Nicotiana Taiacum. I, A Report on the RestUts of Crossing

Certain Varieties, by William Albert Setchell, Thomas Harper Goodspeed,
and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 457-582, 2 figures in text, plates 55-85.
April, 1922 1-76

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

Vol 6. 1914-1919.

1. Parasitic Florideae, by William Albert SetchelL Pp. 1-34, plates 1-6.

April, 1914 _ _ _ 35

2. Fhytomorula regularis, a Symmetrical Protopliyte Related to Coelastrum, by

Charles Atwood Kof old. Pp. 35-40, plate 7. April, 1914 _ .06

8. Variation in Oenothera ovaia, by Katherine Layne Brandegee. Pp. 41-50,

plates 8-9. June, 1914 „ „ .10

4. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VI, by Townshend Stitli Brandegee. Pp.

51-77. July, 1914 „ ^ JBi

5. The Scinaia Assemblage, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 79-152, plates

10-16. October, 1914 _ .75

6. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. I, Pylaiella Postelsiae, n. sp., a New Type in

the Genus Pylaiella, by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 153-164, plates 17-19. May,

1915 „ „ 15

7. New and Noteworthy Calif omian Plants. II, by Harvey Monroe Hall. Pp.

165-176, plate 20. October, 1915 _.._ 15

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

177-197. October, 1915 _ „_ „ _ 25

9. Floral Relations among the Galapagos Islands, by A. L. Kroeber. Pp.
199-220. March, 1916 „ _ 20

10. The Comparative Histology of Certain Califomian Boletaceae, by Harry S.

Yates. Pp. 221-274, plates 21-25. February, 1916 „ .50

11. A Revision of the Tuberales of California, by Helen Margaret Gilkey. Pp.

275-356, plates 26-30. March, 1916 _ _ „ „ „ .80

12. Species Novae vel Minus Cognitae, by T. S. Brandegee. Pp. 357-361. May,

1916 _..^ „ _ _ .05

13. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. Vin, by Townshend Stith Brandegee.

Pp. 263-375. March, 1917 _ _ .15

14. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. I, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 377-

416, plates 31-35. June, 1917 „ „ .40

15. An Account of the Mode of Foliar Abscission in Citrus, by Robert W.

Hodgson. Pp. 417-428, 3 text figures. February, 1918 „ _ J.0

16. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae, n, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 429-

454, plates 36-37. July, 1918 .25

17. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae, m, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

455-486, plates 38-41. December, 1918 _ .36

18. New Pacific Coast Marine Alga^. IV, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

487-496, plate 42. January, 1919 ...„ .15

19. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae.'^ IX, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

497-504. November, 1919 _ _ _ .06

Index in preparation.

Vol 7. 1916-1922.

1. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. I, A Report of the General

Results of Field and Garden Studies, 1911-1916, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 1-24, plates 1-4. October, 1916 .25

2. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. II, The Nature and Occur-

rence of Undeveloped Flowers, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Robert
Percy Brandt. Pp. 25-38, plates 5-6. October, 1916 ..._ — .15

S. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. m, Seasonal Changes in
Trillium Species with Special Reference to the Reproductive Tissues, by
Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 39-68, plates 7-10. December, 1916 _ .30

4. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillvum K IV, Teratologlcal VarlJ^
tlons of Trillium sessile var. giganteum H. & A., by Thomas Harper Good-
speed. Pp. 69-100, plates 11-17. January, 1917 .30

UNIVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

5. A Preliminary List of the Uredinales of California, by Walter C. Blasdale.

Pp. 101-157. August, 1919 _ JiO

6, 7, 8. A Rubber Plant Survey of Western Nortb America. I. Chrysothammis
nauseosus and Its Varieties, by Harvey Monroe HalL II. Chrysil, a New
Rubber from Chrysothammis nauseosus, by Harvey Monroe Hall and
Thomas Harper Goodspeed. III. The Occurrence of Rubber in Certain
West American Shrubs, by Harvey Monroe Hall and Thomas Harper
Goodspeed. Pp. 159-278, plates 18-20, 8 figures in text. November, 1919. 1.26

9. Phycological Contributions. I, by WiUlam Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 279-324, plates 21->31. April, 1920 ..._ JBO

10. Plantae Mexlcanae Purpusianae. X, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

325-331. December, 1920 ..._ - J.0

11. Phycological Contributions II to VI. New Species of: II. Msrrionema;

in. Compsonema; IV. Hecatonema; V. Pylaiella and Streblonema; VI.
Ectocarpus, By William Albert SetcheU and Nathaaiiel Lyon Gardner.
Pp. 333-426, plates 32-49. May, 1922 1.50

12. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. II. On the Calif omian "Delesseria Querci-

folia," by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 427-436, plate 50. June, 1922 25

13. Undescribed plants mostly from Baja California, by Ivan Murray Johnston.

Pp. 437-446. August, 1922 _. .25

14. Morphology, Development, and Economic Aspects of Scliisophyllum com-

mune Fries, by Frederick Monroe Essig. Pp. 447-498, plates 51-61.

August, 1922 80

Index in preparation.

VcL 8. 1919-.

1. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part L

Myxophyceae, by William Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 1-138, plates 1-8. November, 1919 „ .\.._ ?1.50

2. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part IL

Chlorophyceae, by WiUiam Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 139-374, plates 9-33. July, 1920 „ _ 2.75

VoL 9. A Report upon the Boreal Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California, by Frank

Jason Smiley. Pp. 1-423, plates 1-7. October, 1921 . _ 5.00

Vol 10. 1922-.

1. The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast of North America, by Natlumlel Lyon

Gardner. Pp. 1-180, plates 1-60. April, 1922 2J26

2. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

181-188, 1 figure in text. November, 1922 15

VoL 11. 1922-.

1. Interspecific Hybridization in Nicotiana. I. On the Results of Backcrossing
the Fi Sylvestris-Tdbacum Hybrids to Sylvestris, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 1-30. August, 1922 45

A REVISION OF THE CALIFORNIAN
SPECIES OF LOTUS

BY
ALICE M. OTTLEY

Univebsity of California Publications in Botany
VoL 10, No. 3, pp. 189-305, plates 61-82, maps 1-10

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

1923

UNIVEKSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS

Note. — The University of California Publications are offered in exchange for the publl.
cations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. Complete lists of
all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample copies, lists
of publications and other information, address the MANAGER OF THE UNIVERSITY
PRESS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be
addressed to THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BERKELEY,
CALIFORNIA, U. S. A.

WILLIAM WESLEY & SONS, LONDON

Agent for the series in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Botany, Geology,

Physiology, and Zoology.

BOTANY. — W. A. Setchell and R. M. Holman, Editors. Price per volume, $3.50 (vol. 5,
$6,00) ; beginning with volume 6, $5.00. Volumes I, II, HI, IV, V, VI, VII, and IX
completed. Volumes VIII, X, and XI in progress.

Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
Vol. 5. 1912-1922.

1. Studies in Nicotiana. I, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 1-86. December,

1912 _ $1.25

2. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. I, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 87-168, plates 1-28. December, 1912 1.00

3. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. II, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 169-188, plates 29-34. January, 1913 ..._ 20

4. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids n)ade with N. sylvestris as a

Parent, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 189-198. March, 1913 10

5. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. I, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 199-222. May, 1913 25

6. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids, in, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 223-231. April, 1915 10

7. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. II, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 233-248. June, 1915 _ _. — .15

8. Parthenogenesis, Parthenocarpy and Phenospermy in Nicotiana, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 249-272, plate 35. July, 1915 .25

9. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. II, by T. H. Goodspeed and A. H. Ayres. Pp. 273-292, plate 36.
October, 1916 _ _ 20

10. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. Ill, An Account of the Mode of Floral Abscission in the Fj Species
Hybrids, by T. H. Goodspeed and J. N. Kendall. Pp. 293-299. November,
1916 ~ .05

11. The Nature of the Fi Species Hybrids between Nicotiana sylvestris and

Varieties of Nicotiana Tahacum, with Special Reference to the Conception
of Reaction System Contrasts in Heredity, by T. H. Goodspeed and K. E.
Clausen. Pp. 301-346, plates 37-48. January, 1917 „ - .45

12. Abscission of Flowers and Fruits in the Solanaceae, with Special Reference

to Nicotiana, by John N. Kendall. Pp. 347-428, 10 text figures, plates 49-

53. March, 1918 85

13. Controlled Pollination in Nicotiana, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Pirie

Davidson. Pp. 429-434. August, 1918 10

14. An Apparatus for Flower Measurement, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.

Clausen. Pp. 435-437, plate 54, 1 figure in text. September, 1918 05

15. Note on the Effects of Illuminating Gas and Its Constituents in Causing

Abscission of Flowers in Nicotiana and Citrus, by T. H. Goodspeed, J. M.
McGee and R. W. Hodgson. Pp. 439-450. December, 1918 — _ _ J.0

16. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. Ill, Note on the Relation of

Light and Darkness to Germination, by T. Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 451-

455. April, 1919 _ ~ - 05

17. Inheritance In Nicotiana Tahacum. I, A Report on the Results of Crossing

Certain Varieties, by William Albert Setchell, Thomas Harper Goodspeed,
and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 457-582, 2 figures In text, plates 55-85.
April, 1922 1.75

UNIVEBSITY OF CALIFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

Vol 6. 1914-1919.

1. Parasitic Florideae, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 1-34, plates 1-6.

April, 1914 .- 85

2. Phytomorula regularis, a Symmetrical Protophyte Related to Coelastrum, by

Charies Atwood Kofoid. Pp. 35-40, plate 7. April, 1914 ™ .05

3. Variation in Oenothera ovata, by Katherine Layne Brandegee. Pp. 41-50,

plates 8-9. June, 1914 10

4. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, VI, by Townshend Stitb Brandegee. Pp.

51-77. July, 1914 „ „ - „ „ .25

5. The Scinaia Assemblage, by William Albert SetcheU. Pp. 79-152, plates

10-16. October, 1914 _ ._ .75

6. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. I, Pylaiella Postelsiae, n. sp., a New Type in

the Genus Pylaiella, by Cari Skottsberg. Pp. 153-164, plates 17-19. May,
1915 _ „ 15

7. New and Noteworthy CaUfomian Plants. II, by Harvey Monroe Hall. Pp.

165-176, plate 20. October, 1915 _ _.._ - .15

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

177-197. October, 1915 _ _ _ 25

9. Floral Relations among the Galapagos Islands, by A. L. Kroeber. Pp.

199^220. March, 1916 _ 20

10. The Comparative Histology of Certain CaUfomian Boletaceae, by Harry S.

Yates. Pp. 221-274, plates 21-25. February, 1916 50

<

11. A Revision of the Tuberales of California, by Helen Margaret Gilkey. Pp.

275-356, plates 26-30. March, 1916 _ _ _ 80

12. Species Novae vel Minus Cognitae, by T. S. Brandegee. Pp. 357-361. May,

1916 , - .05

13. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VIII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee.

Pp. 263-375. March, 1917 _ 15

14. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. I, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 377-

416, plates 31-35. June, 1917 — .40

15. An Account of the Mode of Foliar Abscission in Citrus, by Robert W.

Hodgson. Pp. 417-428, 3 text figures. February, 1918 _ .10

16. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. II, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 429-

454, plates 36-37. July, 1918 25

17. New Pacific Coast Marine AIga«. m, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

455-486, plates 38-41. December, 1918 — .35

18. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. IV, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

487-496, plate 42. January, 1919 15

19. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. IX, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

497-504. November, 1919 „ .05

Vol. 7. 1916-1922.

1. Notes on the Califomlan Species of Trillium L. I, A Report of the General

Results of Field and Garden Studies, 1911-1916, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 1-24, plates 1-4. October, 1916 .25

2. Notes on the CaUfomian Species of Trillium L. II, Tlie Nature and Occur-

rence of Undeveloped Flowers, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Robert
Percy Brandt. Pp. 25-38, plates 5-6. October, 1916 .15

3. Notes on the CaUfomian Species of Trillium L. m, Seasonal Changes in

Trillium Species with Special Reference to the Reproductive Tissues, by
Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 39-68, plates 7-10. December, 1916 _. .30

4. Notes on the Califomlan Species of Trillvum L. rv, Teratological Varia-

tions of Trillium sessile var. giganteum H. & A., by Thomas Harper Good-
speed. Pp. 69-100, plates 11-17. January, 1917 _ .30

5. A PreUminary List of the Uredinales of California, by Walter C. Blasdale.

Pp. 101-157. August, 1919 _ _ ~ £0

UNIVEESITT OF CALTFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

6, 7, 8. A Eubber Plant Survey of Western Nortli America, L Chrysothamnus
nauseosvs and Its Varieties, by Harvey Monroe Hall. n. Cbrysil, a New
Rubber from Chryaothavinus nauseosus, by Harvey Monroe Hall and
Thomas Harper Goodspeed. III. The Occurrence of Rubber in Certain
West American Shrubs, by Harvey Monroe Hall and Thomas Harper
Goodspeed. Pp. 159-278, plates 18-20, 8 figures in text. November, 1919. 1.25

9. Phycological Contributions. I, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 279-324, plates 21-^31. April, 1920 JQQ

10. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. X, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

325-331. December, 1920 ..._ _ _ J.0

11. Phycological Contributions n to VI. New Species of: II. Myrionema;

m. Compsonema; IV. Hecatonema; V. Pylaiella and Streblonema; VL
Ectocarpus. By William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.
Pp. 333-426, plates 32-49. May, 1922 _. 1.50

12. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. H. On the Calif omian "Delesseria Querci-

folia," by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 427-436, plate 50. June, 1922 25

13. Undescribed plants mostly from Baja California, by Ivan Murray Johnston.

Pp. 437-446. August, 1922 _ 25

14. Morphology, Development, and Economic Aspects of ScMzophyllum com-

mune Fries, by Frederick Monroe Essig. Pp. 447-498, plates 51-61.
August, 1922 „ „ 80

Index in preparation.

VcL 8. 1919-.

1. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part L

Myxophyceae, by WiUiam Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 1-138, plates 1-8. November, 1919 ..„ _ ™ $1.50

2. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part IL

Chlorophyceae, by WlUiam Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 139-374, plates 9-33. July, 1920 „„ _ _ „ 2.75

VoL 9. A Report upon the Boreal Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California, by Frank

Jason Smiley. Pp. 1-423, plates 1-7. October, 1921 „ _ _ 5.00

Vol 10. 1922-.

1. The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast of North America, by Nathaniel Lyon

Gardner. Pp. 1-180, plates 1-60. April, 1922 „ 2.25

2. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

181-188, 1 figure in text. November, 1922 15

3. A Revision of the Californian Species of Loius, by Alice M. Ottley. Pp.

189-305, plates 61-82, maps 1-10. September, 1923 2.00

4. Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pear-

son. Pp. 307-370, plates 83-103.

5. More New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pearson. Pp. 373-392,

plates 104-109.

Nos. 4 and 5 in one cover. June, 1923 1.25

6. Parasitic Florideae, II, by William Albert SetchelL Pp. 393-396.

7. A Revision of the West North American Species of CallophyUis, by

William Albert Setchell. Pp. 397-401.

Nos. 6 and 7 in one cover. May, 1923 .25

Vol 11. 1922-.

1. Interspecific Hybridization in Nicoti-ana. I. On the Results of Backcrossing
the F, Sylvestris-Tabacum Hybrids to Sylvestris, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 1-30. August, 1922 45

NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF
NEW ZEALAND HEPATICAE

BY
WILLIAM HENRY PEARSON

MORE NEW ZEALAND HEPATICAE

BT

WILLIAM HENRY PEARSON

Ukiversity op California Publications in Botany
Vol. 10, Nos. 4 and 5, pp. 307-392

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

1923

UNrVEESITY OF CALIFOENIA PUBLICATIONS

Note. — The University of California Publications are offered in exchange for the pablU
cations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. Complete lists of
all the publications of the University •will be sent upon request. For sample copies, lists
of publications and other information, address the MANAGEE OF THE UNIVEESITY
PEESS, BEEKELEY, CALIFOENIA, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be
addressed to THE EXCHANGE DEPAETMENT, UNIVEESITY LIBEAEY, BEEB:ELEY,
CALIFOENIA, U. S. A.

WILLIAM WESLEY & SONS, LONDON

Agent for the series in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Botany, Geology,

Physiology, and Zoology.

BOTANY.— W. A. Sctchell, Editor. Price per volume, $3.50 (vol. 5, $6.00) ; beginning with
volume 6, $5.00. Volumes I, n, m, IV, V, VI, VH, and IX completed. Volumes
Vni, X, and XI in progress.

Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
VoL 5. 1912-1922.

1. Studies in Nicotiana. I, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 1-86. December,

1912 _ _ $1.25

2. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. I, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 87-168, plates 1-28. December, 1912 1.00

3. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids, n, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 169-188, plates 29-34. January, 1913 20

4. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids njade •with N. sylvestris as a

Parent, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 189-198. March, 1913 10

5. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. 3, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 199-222. May, 1913 - _. .25

6. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids, in, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 223-231. April, 1915 - 10

7. Notes on the (Termination of Tobacco Seed. II, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 233-248. June, 1915 _... .15

8. Parthenogenesis, Parthenocarpy and Phenospermy In Nicotiana, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 249-272, plate 35. July, 1915 jl _ .25

9. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. II, by T. H. Goodspeed and A. H. Ayres. Pp. 273-292, plate 36.
October, 1916 „ 20

10. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. Ill, An Accoimt of the Mode of Floral Abscission in the F, Species
Hybrids, by T. H. Goodspeed and J. N. Kendall. Pp. 293-299. November,
1916 „ .05

11. The Nature of the Fj Species Hybrids between Nicotiana sylvestris and

Varieties of Nicotiana Tabactim, with Special Eeference to the Conception
of Eeaction System Contrasts in Heredity, by T. H. Goodspeed and E. E.
Clausen. Pp. 301-346, plates 37-48. January, 1917 „ 45

12. Abscission of Flowers and Fruits in the Solanaceao, with Special Eeference

to Nicotiana, by John N. Kendall. Pp. 347-428, 10 text figures, plates 49-

53. March, 1918 _ 85

13. Controlled Pollination in Nicotiana, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Pirie

Davidson. Pp. 429-434. August, 1918 J.0

14. An Apparatus for Flower Measurement, by T. H. Goodspeed and E. E.

Clausen. Pp. 435-437, .plate 54, 1 figure in text. September, 1918 05

15. Note on the Effects of Illuminating Gas and Its Constituents in Causing

Abscission of Flowers in Nicotiana and Citrus, by T. H. Goodspeed, J. M.
McGee and E. W. Hodgson. Pp. 439-450. December, 1918 J.0

16. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed, m, Note on the Eolation of

Light and Darkness to Germination, by T. Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 451-

455. April, 1919 - .05

17. Inheritance in Nicotiana Tdbacum. I, A Eeport on the Eesults of Crossing

Certain Varieties, by William Albert Setchell, Thomas Harper Goodspeed,
and Eoy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 457-582, 2 figures in text, plates 55-85.
April, 1922 1.76

UNIVEESITY OF CAUFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

Vol 6. 1914-1919.

1. Parasitic Florideae, by William Albert SetchelL Pp. 1-34, plates 1-6.

April, 1914 _ _ „ 36

2. Phytomorula regularis, a Symmetrical Protophjrte Eelated to Coelastrum, by

Charles Atwood Kofoid. Pp. 35-40, plate 7. April, 1914 .05

3. Variation in Oenothera ovata, by Katherine Layne Brandegee. Pp. 41-50,

plates 8-9. June, 1914 10

4. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VI, by Townshend Stitb Brandegee. Pp.

51-77. July, 1914 „.._ _ J25

5. The Scinaia Assemblage, by WiUlam Albert SetcheU. Pp. 79-152, plates

10-16. October, 1914 .75

6. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. I, Pylaiella Postelsiae, n. sp., a New Type in

the Genus Pylaiella, by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 153-164, plates 17-19. May,
1915 „ _ 15

7. New and Noteworthy Calif omian Plants. II, by Harvey Monroe HaU. Pp.

165-176, plate 20. October, 1915 _ „ _ _ .15

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, VII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

177-197. October, 1915 _ ^- _— _ 25

9. Floral Relations among the Galapagos Islands, by A. L. Eioeber. Pp.

199^220. March, 1916 „ _ _ 20

10. The Comparative Histology of Certain Califomian Boletaceae, by Harry S.

Yates. Pp. 221-274, plates 21-25. February, 1916 „ .50

11. A Revision of the Tuberales of California, by Helen Margaret Gilkey. Pp.

275-356, plates 26-30. March, 1916 „ _ „ _ 80

12. Species Novae vel Minus Cognitae, by T. S. Brandegee. Pp. 357-361. May,

1916 _ _ - „ .05

13. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. ' VIII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee.

Pp. 263-375. March, 1917 _ _ .15

14. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. I, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 377-

416, plates 31-35. June, 1917 _ _ ~ — .40

15. An Account of the Mode of Foliar Abscission in Citrus, by Robert W.

Hodgson. Pp. 417-428, 3 text figures. February, 1918 „ .10

16. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. II, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 429-

454, plates 36-37. July, 1918 25

17. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae, HI, by Nathaniel Lyon GardBer. Pp.

455-486, plates 38-41. December, 1918 — .85

18. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. IV, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

487-496, plate 42. January, 1919 — .15

19. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. IX, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

497-504. November, 1919 .08

Vol. 7. 1916-1922.

1. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. I, A Report of the General

Results of Field and Garden Studies, 1911-1916, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 1-24, plates 1-4. October, 1916 .26

2. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. II, The Nature and Occur-

rence of Undeveloped Flowers, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Robert
Percy Brandt. Pp. 25-38, plates 5-6. October, 1916 — .15

3. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. m. Seasonal Changes In

Trillium Species with Special Reference to the Reproductive Tissues, by
Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 39-68, plates 7-10. December, 1916 _. .30

4. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. IV, Teratological Vari:^

tlons of Trillium sessile var. giganteum H. & A., by Thomas Harper Good-
speed. Pp. 69-100, plates 11-17. January, 1917 .30

5. A Preliminary List of the Uredinales of CaUfomia, by Walter 0. Blasdale.

Pp. 101-157. August, 1919 £0

ITNIVERSITT OF OALIFOENTA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

6, 7, 8. A Bubber Plant Survey of Western Nortli America, I. Chrysothamnus
nauseosus and Its Varieties, by Harvey Monroe Hall. II. Chrysil, a New
Rubber from Chrysofhamnus nauseosus, by Harvey Monroe Hall and
Tbomas Harper Goodspeed. III. The Occurrence of Rubber in Certain
West American Shrubs, by Harvey Monroe Hall and Thomas Harper
Groodspeed. Pp. 159-278, plates 18-20, 8 figures in text. November, 1919. 1.25

9. Phycological Contributions. I, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 279-324, plates 21-31. April, 1920 ..50

10. Plantae Mexlcanae Purpusianae. X, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

S25-331. December, 1920 ..._ JLO

11. Phycological Contributions 11 to VI. New Species of: II. Myrionema;

in. Compsonema; IV. Hecatonema; V. Pylaiella and Streblonema; VL
Ectocarpus. By WiUiam Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.
Pp. 333-426, plates 32-49. May, 1922 _. 1.50

12. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae, n. On the Calif omian "Delesserla Querci-

folia," by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 427-436, plate 50. Jime, 1922 25

13. Undescribed plants mostly from Baja California, by Ivan Murray Johnston.

Pp. 437-446. August, 1922 25

14. Morphology, Development, and Economic Aspects of Schizophyllum com-

mune Fries, by Frederick Monroe Essig. Pp. 447-498, plates 51-61.
August, 1922 80

Index in preparation.

VcL 8. 1919-.

1. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part L

Mysophyceae, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 1-138, plates 1-8. November, 1919 „ _ 31.60

2. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part IL

Chlorophyceae, by WUliam Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 139-374, plates 9-33. July, 1920 „ _ _ 2.76

VoL 9. A Report upon the Boreal Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California^ by Frank

Jason Smiley. Pp. 1-423, plates 1-7. October, 1921 _ 5.00

Vol. 10. 1922-.

1. The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast of North America, by Nathaniel Lyon

Gardner. Pp. 1-180, plates 1-60. April, 1922 2.25

2. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

181-188, 1 figure in text. November, 1922 15

3. A Revision of the California Species of Lotus, by Alice M. Ottley. Pp. 189-

305, plates 61-82, maps 1-10 (In press)

4. Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae, by WilUam Henry Pear-

son. Pp. 307-370, plates 83-103.

5. More New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pearson. Pp. 373-392,

plates 104-109.

Nos. 4 and 5 in one cover. June, 1923 1.25

6. Parasitic Florideae, II, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 393-396.

7. A Revision of the West North American Species of CallophyUis, by

William Albert SetcheU. Pp. 397-401.

Nos. 6 and 7 in one cover. May, 1923 25

Vol. 11. 1G22-.

1. Interspecific Hybridization in Nicotiana. I. On the Results of Backcrossing
the F, Sylvestris- Tab arum Hybrids to Sylvestris, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Roy Elwood Clausen, Pp. 1-30. August, 1922 45

PARASITIC FLORIDEAE, II

BY
WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL

A REVISION OF THE WEST NORTH

AMERICAN SPECIES OF

CALLOPHYLLIS

BY
WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL

Universitt of California Publications in Botany
Vol. 10, Nos. 6 and 7, pp. 393-401

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

1923

UNIVEESITY OF CAIiIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS

Note. — The University of Callfomia Publications are offered in exchange for the publl.
cations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. Complete lists of
all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample copies, lists
of publications and other information, address the MANAGER OF THE UNIVEESITY
PRESS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. All matter sent in exchange should be
addressed to THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BERKELEY,
CALIFORNIA, U. S. A.

WILLIAM WESLEY & SONS, LONDON
Agent for the series in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Botany, Geology,

Physiology, and Zoology.

BOTANY. — W. A. Setchell, Editor. Price per volume, $3.50 (vol. 5, $6.00) ; beginning with
volume 6, $5.00. Volumes I, n, HI, IV, V, VI, VII, and IX completed. Volumes
Vm, X, and XI in progress.

Cited as Univ. CaUf. Publ. Bot.
Vol. 5. 1912-1922.

1. Studies in Nicotiana. I, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 1-86. December,

1912 _ $1.25

2. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. I, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 87-168, plates 1-28. December, 1912 1.00

3. Quantita,tive Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids, n, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 169-188, plates 29-34. January, 1913 20

4. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids njade with N. sylvestris as a

Parent, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 189-198. March, 1913 10

5. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. I, by Thomsts Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 199-222. May, 1913 ~. .25

6. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids, in, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 223-231. April, 1915 _ 10

7. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. II, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 233-248. June, 1915 - — . .15

8. Parthenogenesis, Parthenocarpy and Phenospenny in Nicotiana, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 249-272, plate 35. July, 1915 ..._ .25

9. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. II, by T. H. Goodspeed and A. H. Ayres. Pp. 273-292, plate 36.
October, 1916 20

10. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. Ill, An Account of the Mode of Floral Abscission in the F, Species
Hybrids, by T. H. Goodspeed and J. N. Kendall. Pp. 293-299. November,
1916 - 05

11. The Nature of the Fj Species Hybrids between Nicotiana sylvestris and

Varieties of Nicotiana Tabacuvi, with Special Reference to the Conception
of Reaction System Contrasts in Heredity, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.
Clausen. Pp. 301-346, plates 37-48. January, 1917 45

12. Abscission of Flowers and Fruits ia the Solanaceae, with Special Reference

to Nicotiana, by John N. Kendall. Pp. 347-428, 10 text figures, plates 49-

53. March, 1918 ..._ 85

13. Controlled Pollination in Nicotiana, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Pirie

Davidson. Pp. 429-434. August, 1918 10

14. An Apparatus for Flower Measurement, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.

Clausen. Pp. 435-437, plate 54, 1 figure in text. September, 1918 05

15. Note on the Effects of Illuminating Gas and Its Constituents in Causing

Abscission of Flowers in Nicotiana and Citrus, by T. H. Goodspeed, J. M.
McGee and R. W. Hodgson. Pp. 439-450. December, 1918 ..- 10

16. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. Ill, Note on the Relation of

Light and Darkness to Germination, by T. Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 451-

455. April, 1919 05

17. Inheritance in Nicotiana Tahacum. I, A Report on the Residts of Crossing

Certain Varieties, by William Albert Setchell, Thomas Harper Goodspeed,
and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 457-582, 2 figures in text, plates 55-85.
April, 1922 1.75

UNIVERSITY OF CAUFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

Vol 6. 1914-1919.

1. Parasitic Florideae, "by William Albert SetchelL Pp. 1-34, plates 1-6.

April, 1914 „ _ - 36

2. Phytomorula regularis, a Symmetrical Protophyte Related to Coelastrum, by

Charles Atwood Kofoid. Pp. 35-40, plate 7. April, 1914 05

3. Variation in Oenothera ovata, by Katherine Layne Brandegee. Pp. 41-50,

plates 8-9. June, 1914 10

4. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VI, by Tovmshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

51-77. July, 1914 _ „ .25

5. The Scinaia Assemblage, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 79-152, plates

10-16. October, 1914 „ „ .75

6. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. I, Fylaiella Postelsiae, n. sp., a New Type in

the Genus Fylaiella, by Caxl Skottsberg. Pp. 153-164, plates 17-19. May,
1915 - „ 15

7. New and Noteworthy Califomian Plants. II, by Harvey Monroe Hall. Pp.

165-176, plate 20. October, 1915 _ - 15

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

177-197. October, 1915 _ --. _— _ 25

9. Floral Relations among the Galapagos Islands, by A. L. Kroeber. Pp.

199^220. March, 1916 ..„ _ 20

10. The Comparative Histology of Certain Califomian Boletaceae, by Harry S.

Yates. Pp. 221-274, plates 21-25. February, 1916 50

11. A Revision of the Tuberales of California, by Helen Margaret Gilkey. Pp.

275-356, plates 26-30. March, 1916 _ _ _ 80

12. Species Novae vel Minus Cognitae, by T. S. Brandegee. Pp. 357-361. May,

1916 _ „ _ _ 05/

13. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VIII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee.

Pp. 263-375. March, 1917 „. .15

14. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae, I, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 377-

416, plates 31-35. June, 1917 „ — .40

15. An Account of the Mode of Foliar Abscission in Citrus, by Robert W.

Hodgson. Pp. 417-428, 3 text figures. February, 1918 J.0

16. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. II, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 429-

454, plates 36-37. July, 1918 „ 25

17. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae, m, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

455-486, plates 38-41. December, 1918 — .35

18. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. IV, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

487-496, plate 42. January, 1919 _ 15 "

19. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. IX, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

497-504. November, 1919 „ „ ^„ „ .05

Vol. 7. 1916-1922.

1. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. I, A Report of the General

Results of Field and Garden Studies, 1911-1916, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 1-24, plates 1-4. October, 1916 25

2. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. 13, The Nature and Occur-

rence of Undeveloped Flowers, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Robert
Percy Brandt. Pp. 25-38, plates 5-6. October, 1916 „._ ^ _. .15

3. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. m. Seasonal Changes in

Trillium Species with Special Reference to the Reproductive Tissues, by
Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 39-68, plates 7-10. December, 1916 _. .30

4. Notes on the Califomian Species of Trillium L. IV, Teratological Varia-

tions of Trillium sessile var. giganteum II. & A., by Thomas Harper Good-
speed. Pp. 69-100, plates 11-17. January, 1917 _..„ — . .30

5. A Preliminary List of the Uredinales of California, by Walter C. Blasdale.

Pp. 101-157. August, 1919 .50

UNIVEESITY or OALTFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

6, 7, 8. A Rubber Plant Survey of Western North America, X Chrysothamnus
nauseosus and Its Varieties, by Harvey Monroe Hall. II. Chrysil, a New
Rubber from Chrysothavmus nauseosus, by Harvey Monroe Hall and
Thomas Harper Goodspeed. III. The Occurrence of Rubber in Certain
West American Shrubs, by Harvey Monroe Hall and Thomas Harper
Goodspeed. Pp. 159-278, plates 18-20, 8 figures in text. November, 1919. 1.25

9. Phycological Contributions. I, by William Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 279-324, plates 21-51. April, 1920 60

10. Plantae Mexicanae Pvirpusianae. X, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

S25-331. December, 1920 ..._ „ _ _ JO

11. Phycological Contributions II to VI. New Species of: 11. Myrionema;

in. Compsonema; IV. Hecatonema; V. Pylaiella and StreblOnema; VI.
Ectocarpus. By WiUiara Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.
Pp. 333-426, plates 32-49. May, 1922 „. 1.50

12. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. II. On the Calif omian "Delesseria Querci-

folia," by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 427-486, plate <50. June, 1922 25

13. Undescribed plants mostly from Baja California, by Ivan Murray Johnston.

Pp. 437-446. August, 1922 _ 25

14. Morphology, Development, and Economic Aspects of ScMzophyllum com-

mune Fries, by Frederick Monroe Essig. Pp. 447-498, plates 51-61.
August, 1922 „ 80

Index in preparation.

VoL 8. 1919-.

1. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part L

Myxophyceae, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 1-138, plates 1-8. November, 1919 _ _ $1.50

2. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part IL

Chlorophyceae, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 139-374, plates 9-33. July, 1920 - 2.76

VoL 9. A Report upon the Boreal Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California, by Frank

Jason Smiley. Pp. 1-423, plates 1-7. October, 1921 „ „ _ 5.00

VoL 10. 1922-.

1. The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast of North America, by Nathaniel Lyon

Gardner. Pp. 1-180, plates 1-60. April, 1922 2.26

2. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

181-188, 1 figure in text. November, 1922 15

3. A Revision of the California Species of Lotus, by Alice M. Ottley. Pp. 189-

305, plates 61-82, maps 1-10 {In press)

4. Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pear-

son. Pp. 307-370, plates 83-103.

5. More New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pearson. Pp. 373-392,

plates 104-109.

Nos. 4 and 5 in one cover. May, 1923 1.28

6. Parasitic Florideae, n, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 393-396.

7. A Revision of the West North American Species of Callophyllis, by

William Albert SetcheU. Pp. 397-401.

Nos. 6 and 7 in one cover. May, 1923 25

VoL 11. 1922-.

1. Interspecific Hybridization in Nicotmna. I. On the ResiUts of Backcrossing
the F, Sylvestris-Tabacum Hybrids to Sylvestris, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 1-30. August, 1922 _ 46

PLANTAE MEXICANAE PURPUSIANAE, XII

BY
TOWNSHEND S. BRANDEGEE

Universitt of California Pttblications in Botany
Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 403-421

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA
1924'

UNIVERSITY OF CAUTOENIA PUBLICATIONS

Note. — The University of California Publications are offered in exchange for the publi-
cations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. Complete lists of
all the publications of the University will be sen,t upon request. For sample copies, lists
of publications, and other information, address the MANAGER OF THE UNIVERSITY
PRESS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A All matter sent in exchange should be
addressed to THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BERKELEY,
CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.

Publications of the University of California Press may be obtained from The Cambridge
University Press, Fetter Lane, London, E. C. 4, England, to which orders originating in
Great Britain and Ireland should be sent.

BOTANY. — W. A. Setchell and R. M. HoLman, Editors. Price per volume, $3.50 (vol. 5,
$6.00) ; beginning with volume 6, $5.00. Volumes I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and IX
completed. Voliunes VIII, X, XI, XII, and XIII in progress.

Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
Vol. 5. 1912-1922.

1. Studies in Nicotiana. I, by William Albert SetchelL Pp. 1-86. December,

1912 „ _ $1.25

2. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. I, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 87-168, plates 1-28. December, 1912 1.00

3. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. II, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 169-188, plates 29-34. January, 1913 ..._ „ 20

4. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 189-198. March, 1913 10

5. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. I, by Tbomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 199-222. May, 1913 _ .25

6. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. lEE, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 223-231. April, 1915 _ 10

7. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. II, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 233-248. June, 1915 15

8. Parthenogenesis, Parthenocarpy and Phenospermy in Nicotiana, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 249-272, plate 35. July, 1915 .26

9. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. II, by T. H. Goodspeed and A. H. Ayres. Pp. 273-292, plate 36.
October, 1916 20

10. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. Ill, An Account of the Mode of Floral Abscission in the F, Species
Hybrids, by T. H. Goodspeed and J. N. KendaU. Pp. 293-299. November,
1916 - - .05

11. The Nature of the Fj Species Hybrids between Nicotiana sylvestris and

Varieties of Nicotiana Tabacum, with Special Reference to the Conception
of Reaction System Contrasts in Heredity, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.
Clausen. Pp. 301-346, plates 37-48. January, 1917 „ 45

12. Abscission of Flowers and Fruits in the Solanaceae, with Special Reference

to Nicotiana, by John N. Kendall. Pp. 347-428, 10 text figures, plates 49-

53. March, 1918 „ 85

13. Controlled Pollination in Nicotiana, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Pirie

Davidson. Pp. 429-434. August, 1918 10

14. An Apparatus for Flower Measurement, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.

Clausen. Pp. 435-437, plate 54, 1 figure In text. September, 1918 05

15. Note on the Effects of Illuminating Gas and Its Constituents in Causing

Abscission of Flowers in Nicotiana and Citrus, by T. H. Goodspeed, J. M.
McGee and R. W. Hodgson. Pp. 439-450. December, 1918 _ .10

16. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. HI, Note on the Relation of

Light and Darkness to Germination, by T. Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 451-

455. April, 1919 _ - — .05

17. Inheritance in Nicotiana Tabacum. I, A Report on the Results of Crossing

Certain Varieties, by William Albert Setchell, Thomas Harper Goodspeed,
and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 457-582, 2 figures in text, plates 55-85.
April, 1922 _ _ ~ 1.76

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

Vol 6. 1914-1919.

1. Parasitic Florideae, by WilUam Albert SetcbelL Pp. 1-34, plates 1-6.

April, 1914 _ _. J35

2. Phytomorula regularis, a Symmetrical Protophyte Related to Coelastrum, by

Charles Atwood Kofoid. Pp. 35-40, plate 7. April, 1914 „_ .05

3. Variation in Oenothera ovata, by Katherine Lasme Brandegee. Pp. 41-50,

plates 8-9. June, 1914 „ 10

4. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VI, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

51-77. July, 1914 „ „ _ _ .25

5. The Scinaia Assemblage, by William Albert SetcheU. Pp. 79-152, plates

10-16. October, 1914 .75

6. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. I, Pylaiella Postelsiae, n. sp., a New Type in

the Genus Pylaiella, by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 153-164, plates 17-19. May,

1915 „ ^ 15

7. New and Noteworthy Californian Plants. II, by Harvey Monroe Hall. Pp.

165-176, plate 20. October, 1915 _ _ _ .15

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

177-197. October, 1915 „ _ _ 25

9. Floral Relations among the Galapagos Islands, by A. L. Kroeber. Pp.

199^220. March, 1916 _ .'. 20

10. The Comparative Histology of Certain Californian Boletaceae, by Harry S.

Yates. Pp. 221-274, plates 21-25. February, 1916 „ .50

11. A Revision of the Tuberales of California, by Helen Margaret Gilkey. Pp.

275-356, plates 26-30. March, 1916 _ _ -.80

12. Species Novae vel Minus Cognitae, by T. S. Brandegee. Pp. 357-361. May,

1916 „ „ _ 05

13. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. Vin, by Townshend Stith Brandegee.

Pp. 263-375. March, 1917 „ „ .15

14. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. I, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 377-

416, plates 31-35. June, 1917 ...„ „ .40

15. An Account of the Mode of Foliar Abscission in Citrus, by Robert W.

Hodgson. Pp. 417-428, 3 text figures. February, 1918 _ .10

16. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. II, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 429-

454, plates 36-37. July, 1918 _.. .26

17. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae, m, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

455-486, plates 38-41. December, 1918 .85

18. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. IV, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

487-496, plate 42. January, 1919 15

19. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. IX, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

497-504. November, 1919 „ _ „. „ .05

Vol. 7. 1916-1922.

1. Notes on the Californian Species of Trillium L. I, A Report of the General

Results of Field and Garden Studies, 1911-1916, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 1-24, plates 1-4. October, 1916 .25

2. Notes on the Californian Species of Trillium L. H, The Nature and Occur-

rence of Undeveloped Flowers, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Robert
Percy Brandt. Pp. 25-38, plates 5-6. October, 1916 _. .15

3. Notes on the Californian Species of Trillium L. m. Seasonal Changes la

Trillium Species with Special Reference to the Reproductive Tissues, by
Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 39-68, plates 7-10. December, 1916 _. .30

4. Notes on the Californian Species of TTiUium L. IV, Teratological Varij^

tions of Trillium sessile var. giganteum H. & A., by Thomas Harper Good-
speed. Pp. 69-100, plates 11-17. January, 1917 _.._ _ .30

5. A Preliminary List of the Uredinales of CaUfomia, by Walter C. Blasdale.

Pp. 101-157. August, 1919 _ „ „ £0

6, 7, 8. A Rubber Plant Survey of Western North America. L Chrysothamnus
nav-seosus and Its Varieties, by Harvey Monroe Hall. II. Chrysil, a New
Rubber from Chrysothamnus nauseosus, by Harvey Monroe Hall and
Thomas Harper Goodspeed. HI. The Occurrence of Rubber In Certain
West American Shrubs, by Harvey Monroe Hall and Thomas Harper
Goodspeed. Pp. 159-278, plates 18-20, 8 figures in text. November, 1919. 1.25

UNIVEESITY OF CALTFORNIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

9. Phycologlcal Contributions. I, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 279-324, plates 21-<31. April, 1920 .50

10. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. X, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

325-331. December, 1920 ..._ _ _ J.0

11. Phycologlcal Contributions II to VI. New Species of: n. Myrionema;

in. Compsonema; IV. Hecatonema; V. Pylaiella and Streblonema; VL
Ectocarpus. By William Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.
Pp. 333-426, plates 32-49. May, 1922 _. 1.50

12. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae, n. On the Califomian "Delesseria Quercl-

folia," by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 427-436, plate 50. June, 1922 .25

13. Undescribed plants mostly from Baja California, by Ivan Murray Johnston.

Pp. 437-446. August, 1922 _ „ .25

14. Morphology, Development, and Economic Aspects of Schisophyllum com-

mune Fries, by Frederick Monroe Essig. Pp. 447-498, plates 51-61.
August, 1922 80

Index in preparation.

VcL 8. 1919-.

1. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part L

Myxophyceae, by William Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 1-138, plates 1-8. November, 1919 $1.50

2. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part II.

Chlorophyceae, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 139-374, plates 9-33. July, 1920 „„ „ „ „ _. 2.75

Vol. 9. A Eeport upon the Boreal Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California, by Frank

Jason Smiley. Pp. 1-423, plates 1-7. October, 1921 _ _ 5.00

Vol. 10. 1922-.

1. The Genus Fucux on the Pacific Coast of North America, by Nathaniel Lyon

Gardner. Pp. 1-180, plates 1-60. April, 1922 2.25

2. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XI, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

181-188, 1 figure in text. November, 1922 15

3. A Revision of the Californian Species of Lotus, by Alice M. Ottley. Pp.

189-305, plates 61-82, maps 1-10. September, 1923 2.00

4. Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pear-

son. Pp. 307-370, plates 83-103.

5. More New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pearson. Pp. 373-392,

plates 104-109.

Nos. 4 and 5 in one cover. June, 1923 1.25

6. Parasitic Florideae, II, by William Albert SetchelL Pp. 393-396.

7. A Revision of the West North American Species of CallophyUis, by

WiUiam Albert Setchell. Pp. 397-401.

Nos. 6 and 7 in one cover. May, 1923 _ .25

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, xn, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

403-421. October, 1924 25

9. New Species of Plants from Indo-China, by Elmer D. Merrill. Pp. 423-

430. October, 1924 25

VoL 11. 1922-.

1. Interspecific Hybridization in Nicotiaria. I. On the Results of Backcrossing

the F, Sylvestris-Tabacum Hybrids to Sylvestris, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 1-30. August, 1922 _ 45

Vol. 12. 1924-.

L liichenes a W. A. SetcheU et H. E. Parks in Insula Tahiti a 1922 CoUecti,

scripsit Edv. A. Vainlo. Pp. 1-16. January, 1924 35

2. Report upon a CoUection of Ferns from Tahiti, by William E. Maxon.

Pp. 17-44, plates 1-6. April, 1924 _ .45

3. Tahitian Mosses, Collected by W. A. SetcheU and H. E. Parks; Determined

by V. F. Brotherus. Pp. 45-48. September, 1924 .25

Vol. 13. 1924-.

1. Phycologlcal Contributions, VII, by William Albert SetcheU and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 1-13. October, 1924 25

NEW SPECIES OF PLANTS FROM
INDO-CHINA

BY

ELMER D. MERRILL

University of California Publications in Botany
VoL 10, No. 9, pp. 423-430

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

1924

UNIVERSITY OF CAIilFORNIA PUBLICATIONS

Note. — The University of California Publications are offered in exchange for the publi-
cations of learned societies and institutions, universities and libraries. Complete lists of
all the publications of the University will be sent upon request. For sample copies, lists
of publications, and other information, address the MANAGER OF THE UNIVERSITY
PRESS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A AU matter sent in exchange should be
addressed to THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BERKELEY,
CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.

Publications of the University of California Press may be obtained from The Cambridge
University Press, Fetter Lane, London, E. C. 4, England, to which orders originating in
Great Britain and Ireland should be sent.

BOTANY. — W. A. Setchell and R. M. Holman, Editors. Price per volume, $3.50 (vol. 5,
$6.00) ; beginning with volume 6, $5.00. Volumes I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and IX
completed. Volumes VII, X, XI, XII, and XIII in progress.

Cited as Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
Vol. 5. 1912-1922.

1. Studies in Nicotiana. I, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 1-86. December,

1912 - $1.25

2. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids. I, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 87-168, plates 1-28. December, 1912 1.00

3. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids, n, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 169-188, plates 29-34. January, 1913 ..._ 20

4. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 189-198. March, 1913 10

5. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. I, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed. Pp. 199-222. May, 1913 25

6. Quantitative Studies of Inheritance in Nicotiana Hybrids, in, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 223-231. April, 1915 10

7. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed. II, by Thomas Harper Good-

speed, Pp. 233-248. June, 1915 „ „ 15

8. Parthenogenesis, Parthenocarpy and Phenospermy in Nicotiana, by Thomas

Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 249-272, plate 35. July, 1915 ...„ .25

9. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent. II, by T. H. Goodspeed ajid A. H. Ayres. Pp. 273-292, plate 36.
October, 1916 _ 20

10. On the Partial Sterility of Nicotiana Hybrids made with N. sylvestris as a

Parent, in, An Account of the Mode of Floral Abscission in the F, Species
Hybrids, by T. H. Goodspeed and J. N. Kendall. Pp. 293-299. November,
1916 - 05

11. The Nature of the F, Species Hybrids between Nicotiana sylvestris and

Varieties of Nicotiana Tahacum, with Special Reference to the Conception
of Reaction System Contrasts in Heredity, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.
Clausen. Pp. 301-346, plates 37-48. January, 1917 _ ^ .45

12. Abscission of Flowers and Fruits in the Solanaceae, with Special Reference

to Nicotiana, by John N. Kendall. Pp. 347-428, 10 text figures, plates 49-

53. March, 1918 85

13. Controlled Pollination in Nicotiana, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Pirie

Davidson. Pp. 429-434. August, 1918 10

14. An Apparatus for Flower Measurement, by T. H. Goodspeed and R. E.

Clausen. Pp. 435-437, plate 54, 1 figure in text. September, 1918 05

15. Note on the Efifects of Illuminating Gas and Its Constituents in Causing

Abscission of Flowers in Nicotiana and Citrus, by T. H. Goodspeed, J. M.
McGee and R. W. Hodgson. Pp. 439-450. December, 1918 ..._ J.0

16. Notes on the Germination of Tobacco Seed, ni. Note on the Relation of

Light and Darkness to Germination, by T. Harper Goodspeed. Pp. 451-

455. April, 1919 - 05

17. Inheritance in Nicotiana Tahacum. I, A Report on the Results of Crossing

Certain Varieties, by William Albert Setchell, Thomas Harper Goodspeed,
and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 457-582, 2 figures in text, plates 55-85.
April, 1922 - 1-78

UNIVERSITY OF CAIilFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Contlmied)

VoL 6, 1914-1919.

1. Parasitic Florideae, by William Albert SetchelL Pp. 1-34, plates 1-6.

AprU, 1914 _ 35

2. Phytomorula repulans, a Ssnnraetrical Protopbyte Related to Coelastrum, by

Charles Atwood Kof oid. Pp. 35-40, plate 7. April, 1914 _ .05

3. Variation in Oenothera ovata, by Katherine Layne Brandegee. Pp. 41-50,

plates 8-9. June, 1914 10

4. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VI, by Townshend Stitb Brandegee. Pp.

51-77. July, 1914 _ 25

5. The Scinnia Assemblage, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 79-152, plates

10-16. October, 1914 „ _ „ _ 75

6. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae. I, Fylaiella Fostehine. n. sp., a New Type in

the Genus Fylaiella, by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 153-164, plates 17-19. May,

1915 15

7. New and Noteworthy Calif omian Plants. II, by Harvey Monroe Hall. Pp.

165-176. plate 20. October, 1915 _ 15

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

177-197, October, 1915 25

9. Floral Relations among the Galapagos Islands, by A. L. Kroeber. Pp.

199^220. March, 1918 20

10. The Comparative Histology of Certain Californian Boletaceae, by Harry S.

Yates. Pp. 221-274, plates 21-25. Febmary, 1916 50

11. A Revision of the Tuberales of California, by Helen Margaret Gilkey. Pp.

275-356, plates 26-30. March, 1916 _ 80

12. Species Novae vel Minus Cognitae, by T. S. Brandegee. Pp. 357-361. May,

1916 05

13. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae. VIII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee.

Pp. 263-375. March, 1917 „ 15

14. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. I, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 377-

416, plates 31-35. June. 1917 „ 40

15. An Account of the Mode of Foliar Abscission in Citrus, by Robert W.

Hodgson. Pp. 417-428, 3 text figures. February, 1918 10

16. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. II, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp. 429-

454, plates 36-37. July, 1918 25

17. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. ITT. by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner. Pp.

455-486, plates 38-41, December, 1918 35

18. New Pacific Coast Marine Algae. IV, by Nathaniel Lyon Gardner, Pp.

487-496, plate 42, January, 1919 15

19. Planta« Mexicanae Purpusianae. IX, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

497-504. November, 1919 .._ _ 05

Vol. 7. 1916-1922.

1. Notes on the Californian Species of TriUinm L. I, A Report of the General

Results of Field and Garden Studies, 1911-1916, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Robert Percy Brandt, Pp. 1-24, plates 1-4. October, 1916 25

2. Notes on the Califcmian Species of Trillium L. IT, The Nature and Occur-

rence of Undeveloped Flowers, by Thomas Harper Goodspeed and Robert
Percy Brandt. Pp. 25-38, plates 5-6.> October, 1916 - ,15

3. Notes on the Californian Species of Trillium L. Ill, Seasonal Changes in

Trillium Species with Special Reference to the Reproductive Tissues, by
Robert Percy Brandt. Pp. 39-68, plates 7-10. December, 1916 30

4. Notes on the Californian Species of Trillium L. TV, Teratological Varia-

tions of Trillitim sessile var. giganteum, H. & A., by Thomas Harper Good-
speed. Pp. 69-100, plates 11-17, January, 19il7 _... .30

5. A Preliminary List of the Uredinales of CaUfomia, by Walter C. Blasdale,

Pp. 101-157. August, 1919 „ _.. £0

6, 7, 8, A Rubber Plant Survey of Western North America. I. Chrysnthawnus
navseosus and Its Varieties, by Harvey Monroe HaU. II. Chrysil, a New
Pubber from Chrysothnvinus natisensus. by Harvey Monroe Hall and
Thomas Harper Goodspeed, HI, The Occ\\rrence of Rubber in Certain
West American Shrubs, by Harvey Monroe Hall and Thomas Harper
Goodspeed. Pp. 159-278, plates 18-20, 8 figures in text. November, 1919, 1.25

UNIVEESITY OF CALTFOENIA PUBLICATIONS— (Continued)

9. Phycological Contributions, I, by WiUiam Albert Setchell and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 279-324, plates 21-31. April, 1920 .60

10. Plantae Mexican ae Purpusianae. X, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

325-331. December, 1920 x " JO

11. Phycological Contributions n to VL New Species of: II. Myrionema;

in. Compsonema; IV. Hecatonema; V. Pylaiella and Streblonema; VL
Ectocarpus. By William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.
Pp. 333-426, plates 82-49. May, 1922 „ 1.50

12. Notes on Pacific Coast Algae, n. On .the Calif omlan "Delesserla Qnerd-

f olia, ' ' by Carl Skottsberg. Pp. 427-436, plate 50. June, 1922 .25

13. Unde&crlbed plants mostly from Baja California, by Ivan Murray Johnston.

Pp. 487-446. August, 1922 .25

14. Morphology, Development, and Economic Aspects of Schizophyllum com-

mune Fries, by Frederick Monroe Esslg. Pp. 447-498, plates 51-61.
August, 1922 „ 80

Index in preparation.

Vol 8. 1919-.

1. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part L

Myxophyceae, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 1-138, plates 1-8. November, 1919 _ $1.50

2. The Marine Algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part IL

Chlorophyceae, by WiUlam Albert Setchell and Nathaniel Lyon Gardner.

Pp. 139-374, plates 9-33. July, 1920 _ „ „ 2.75

Vol. 0. A Eeport upon the Boreal Flora of the Sierra Nevada of California, by Frank

Jason Smiley. Pp. 1-423, plates 1-7. October, 1921 _ 5.00

Vol 10. 1922-.

1. The Genus Fucus on the Pacific Coast of North America, by Nathaniel Lyon

Gardner. Pp. 1-180, plates 1-60. April, 1922 2J25

2. Plantae Mexlcanae Purpusianae, XI, by Townshend Stith Brandegee. Pp.

181-188, 1 figure in text. November, 1922 „ 15

S. A Revision of the Callfomian Species of Lotus, by Alice M. Ottley. Pp.

189-305, plates 61-82, maps 1-10. September, 1923 2.00

4. Notes on a Collection of New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pear-

son. Pp. 307-370, plates 83-103.

5. More New Zealand Hepaticae, by William Henry Pearson. Pp. 373-392,

plates 104-109.

Nos. 4 and 5 in one cover. June, 1923 1.25

6. Parasitic Florideae, n, by William Albert Setchell. Pp. 393-896.

7. A Revision of the West North American Species of Callophyllis, by

William Albert Setchell. Pp. 397-401,

Nos. 6 and 7 in one cover. May, 1923 _ .25

8. Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, XII, by Townshend Stith Brandegee, Pp.

403-421. October, 1924 25

9. New Species of Plants from Indo-China, by Elmer D, Merrill. Pp. 423-

430. October, 1924 25

Vol 11. 1922-.

1. Interspecific Hybridization in Nicotiana. I. On the Results of Backcrossing
the F, Sylvestris-Tabarum Hybrids to Sylvestris, by Thomas Harper Good-
speed and Roy Elwood Clausen. Pp. 1-30. August, 1922 _ 45

Vol 12. 1924-.

1. Lichenes a W. A. Setchell et H. E. Parks in Insula Tahiti a 1922 Collect!,

scripsit Edv. A. Vainio, Pp. 1-16, January, 1924 85

2, Report upon a Collection of Ferns from Tahiti, by William B. Maxon.

Pp, 17-44, plates 1-6. April, 1924 _ _ 45

8. Tahitian Mosses, Collected by W. A. Setchell and H. E. Parks; Determined

by V. F. Brotherus. Pp. 45-48, September, 1924 25

Vol. 13. 1924-.

1. Phycological Contributions, VII, by William Albert Setchell and Nathaniel

Lyon Gardner. Pp. 1-13. October, 1924 25

new YorK Botanical Garden Librar

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