IL62 1990 ■ UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY KT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN ACES 631 622 periodical standard 76000 576363 University of Illinois AGX AGX 26 ILLINOIS WEED 1 SCIENCE 290 041905 RESEARCH AND W sman EXTENSION DEMONSTRATION 0-0/16 REPORT 0-0/16 0-0/16 8 1990 5 632.58 | [61a 1 UIUC LIB 252 o*05 85 43194 ■ L161— O-1096 ACES LIBRARY MAY 1 9 2005 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY OF Digitized iMNtt&lJRfMlffiet Archive in 2^^|fflf from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/universityofilli1990univ NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materials! The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN L161 — O-1096 ACES LIBRARY MAY 1 9 2005 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 632. ^S U 6 fit. I?? a AGX 1990 Illinois Weed Science Research and Extension Demonstration Report Agronomy Special Report 1991-02 Department of Agronomy Agricultural Experiment Station College of Agriculture University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1102 South Goodwin Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 The University of at Urbana-Champaign The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is an affirmative action/equal opportunity institution. tj TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH & DEMONSTRATION CENTER DEKALB Evaluation of DPX-V9360 and DPX-V9360 plus DPX-E9636 in combination with bromoxynil for broad spectrum weed control in corn . Evaluation of DPX-V9360 in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn. 12 17 26 Evaluation of pyridate, CL 23601, and CL 11068 for control of nut se dge . Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron ethyl, and lactofen. Evaluation of 2,4-D and atrazine combinations post emergence for corn . 28 31 34 36 40 42 44 Evaluation of V-23031 for weed control in corn. Evaluation of V-53482 for weed control in stale seedbed soybeans . Evaluation of V-23031 combinations for po s t emergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. Evaluation of V-23031 for late post emergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. No-till soybeans after corn. No-till corn after corn. Determination of soil residual activity of po s t emergence herbicides . 48 50 54 57 59 Effect of time of application on efficacy of sethoxydim. Evaluation of lactofen combinations. Evaluation of lactofen po st emergence following preplant incorporated herbicides. Thif ensulf uron methyl combinations for broadleaf weed control pos t emergence in soybeans. No-till corn in alfalfa sod. 62 68 70 72 77 Tine and method of herbicide application for a reduced tillage cropping sequence. Interaction of soil-applied insecticides and post- emergence herbicides for corn. Detoxification of soil-applied herbicides. Multi-species evaluation of preplant and preemergence soil-applied herbicides. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides. ORR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER - FERRY 83 No-till corn in tall fescue sod. 85 No-till soybeans after corn. 87 No-till corn after soybeans. 89 Soil insecticide - herbicide interaction; corn after corn and corn after soybeans. 91 Herbicide and cultivation alternatives for corn. 93 Herbicide and cultivation alternatives for soybeans. 95 Lo-till versus no-till- AGRONOMY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY SOUTH FARM.-URBANA 96 Soybean herbicide evaluation in a stale seedbed. 98 Corn herbicide evaluation in a stale seedbed. 100 Evaluation of herbicides for clover establishment. APPENDIX 102 Summary Weather data 110 Dekalb 115 Perry 118 Urbana 121 Herbicide common names and trade names 125 Weed species abbreviations, scientific and common names 126 Research center locations INTRODUCTION This report presents results from a portion of the weed science research of the University of Illinois. Emphasis in this report is placed on research at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb and at the Orr Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center near Perry in western Illinois. It also includes some studies conducted at Urbana. Many individuals have been involved with this research: Area Agronomists Area IPM Specialist Lyle E. Paul (DeKalb) Robert W. Koethe Glenn A. Raines (Perry-Orr) M. Gene Oldham (Urbana) Computer Programs Les V. Boone - Coordinator David R. Pike Farm Foremen County Extension Advisers David Lindgren (DeKalb) David M. Dimmick Mike Vose (Perry-Orr) Rick G. Keim Mike Plotner (Urbana) Thomas A. Lashmett Robert W. Walker Community College J. Bryon Kirwan Ronald W. Heisner Stan R. Eden Entomology Students Kevin L. Steffey and Staff Robert C. Bellm (Graduate) Larry D. Wesley (Graduate) Secretaries Stanley L. Toepfer (Graduate) Kris Ritter Craig Tomera (Graduate) Sharon E. Malloch Scott Stein Jean M. Creswell Don Gibson In addition, inputs have been made by state weed science staff, including Rex Liebl, Loyd Wax, Ed Stoller, Marshal McGlamery, C. Diane Anderson, William S. Curran, and George Kapusta. Appreciation is expressed to the administration of the Department of Agronomy, the Agricultural Experiment Station and others of the College of Agriculture, particularly for land, facilities, equipment and personnel at the research centers. A special thanks is extended to Ron Heisner for his involvement in the research program at DeKalb, to Rob Koethe for his initiative at the Orr Center, to Scott Stein for his special expertise, and to David Pike for his computer program and data processing expertise. Special recognition is also extended to the area agronomists and farm foremen for their very professional and dedicated efforts. We are very grateful to the many industry representatives who have provided valuable suggestions and encouragement. We especially acknowledge: Charles Pearson - CIBA-Geigy Corp. Rod Dorich and Clarence Jentes - Dow-Elanco Ronald Wolfe and Dale Chaney - ICI Americas Keith Sheriff and Howard Shepherd - Valent Luke Bozeman - Sandoz Crop Protection Bruce Davidson - FMC Corporation Bill Bertges - Hoechst Roussel Jerry Flint - Monsanto Randy Myers - Mobay Corporation Brian Freed - BASF William Striegel - Rhone-Poulenc Matt Reinhart and Kevin Hahn - DuPont Bryan Gentsch and Fred Arnold - American Cyanamid Earl Kingman and Larry Weller - Growmark Ed Koldenhoven and James Bone - Griffin Luis Figuerola - Agrolinz Inc. James Garvin and Mike Grimes - Terra International Frank Fronek - United Agri Products Loralee Miller and Thomas Strachota - Dairyland Seed Co. Inc. Thomas Wadzinski - Cargill Hybrid Seeds Dave Nanda - Independent Professional Seedsmen Assoc. Stephen L. Pearson - Spraying Systems Co. More than thirty experiments were conducted at three different locations in the state with a variety of soil and climatic conditions. Land area is estimated at about 50 acres. Emphasis is placed on research that will help farmers operate more efficiently and conserve their land and energy resources while also maintaining environmental quality. An estimated 350 million dollars worth of herbicides are used in Illinois by about 86,000 farmers and over 10,000 commercial applicators on about 20 million acres. Thus, a significant research effort is devoted to herbicides. However, a variety of weed control practices are considered. We have attempted to place emphasis on research that will help farmers obtain broad-spectrum weed control at a reasonable cost When we visualize new needs and opportunities, we attempt to design systems to fit changing production practices. However, we continue "standard" research to delineate optimum rates of herbicides for most of the crops and individual weed species of the state. We also consider potential for effect on subsequent crops. As research results are moved into the technology transfer system, this information will be helpful to farmers, dealers, applicators and others facing the increased complexity of designing weed control systems. It is also our goal that the results presented here will be helpful to industry when planning their development strategy for Illinois. We sincerely appreciate the cooperation of those involved with our University of Illinois weed science research and demonstration program. Ellery L. Knake \\ luation of DPX-V9360 and DPX-V9360 plus DPX-E9636 in combination with bromoxynil for broad tctrum weed control in corn. Knake, Ellery L. , Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. ective:To evaluate the effect of combining DPX-V9360 or DPX-79406 with bromoxynil control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn. ation: al area: inage: 1 type: 1 pH: . design: nting date: lage: tility: ecticide: DeKalb SW600(S) 100 X 120 ft fair Drummer silty clay loam 6.2 randomized complete block corn April 25, 1990 ft Plot size: Slope: Organic matter: Replications: Variety: Row spacing: Seeding rate: moldboard plow-Nov 20, 1989; used field cultivator with leveler bar-Apr 24 180 lb N, Apr 27. Agrox, a seed treatment of captan & diazinon & lindane in a graphite carrier. 10 X 33 0 to 1% 5 to 6% 3 Pioneer 3475 30 inch 28,300/A BICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION e: ayer: rier: adcast : /A: pellant: perature (F) ir: oil (4 inch) : 1 moisture: d (mph) : nfall revious week: ollowing week May 30, 1990 tractor-mounted water yes 25 30 compressed air 65 61 moist 8 Time: Treatment : Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Temperature (C) air: soil (4 inch) Wind direction: Sky: Humidity: 11:45 to 12:30 pm post-emergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 18 16 88 degrees 30% overcast 34% 0.52 0.47 inch inch CIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION cies: Corn ght (inch) : 3.5 of leaves: 4 cies: Pesw ght (inch): 3 of leaves: 4 cies: Rrpw ght (inch): .25 of leaves: 4 cies: Vele ght (inch): 1.5 of leaves: 2 to 3 Species: Gift Height (inch) : 1.5 No. of leaves: 3 Species: Colq Height (inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Ebns Height ( inch) : .25 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Yens Height (inch) : 2.5 No. of leaves: 6 By June 20 no significant effect on corn was noted and there were no significant differences in corn height on July 3. DPX-V9360 gave very good control of giant foxtail. Bromoxynil had little or no antagonistic effect on control of giant foxtail with DPX-V9360 and very good control was maintained with the combination. Addition of X-77 to the combination improved control of giant foxtail only slightly. DPX-79406 was not as effective as DPX-V9360 for control of giant foxtail and there appeared to be some antagonistic effect of bromoxynil on DPX-79406 which may have been partly overcome by addition of X-77. Very good control of broadleaf weeds was achieved with the bromoxynil plus DPX-V9360 combination. DPX-79406 may have had some antagonistic effect on control of some broadleaf weeds with bromoxynil. The sulfonylurea herbicides did not control eastern black nightshade but addition of bromoxynil corrected this deficiency. With bromoxynil plus DPX-V9360 there was little increase generally in control of broadleaf weeds from increasing bromoxynil rate or adding X-77 surfactant and the combination performed quite well for broad spectrum control of both broadleaf and grass weeds. (DPX-79406 is a premixed combination of DPX-E9636 and DPX-V9360.) (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) ible 1. Evaluation of DPX-V9360 and DPX-V9360 plus DPX-E9636 in combination with bromoxynil for broad spectrum weed control in corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Corn Colq Vele Pesw Gift Rrpw Ebns 'reatment Rate 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 (lb/A) (%Injury f .'heck 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 tromoxynil 0.25 0 100 90 80 0 100 100 trox + DPX-V9360 0.25 + 0.047 0 90 90 90 80 100 100 ;rox + DPX-V9360 0.125 + 0.047 10 80 90 80 80 100 90 :rox + DPX-V9360 0.25 + 0.047 10 100 90 90 80 100 100 ♦ X-77 +0.25% irox + DPX-V9360 0.125 + 0.047 10 100 90 90 80 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% PX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 0 70 70 60 80 100 70 ;rox + DPX-79406 0.25 + 0.031 10 80 90 80 70 90 90 irox + DPX-79406 0.125 + 0.031 10 80 90 80 70 90 100 rox + DPX-79406 0.25 + 0.031 10 90 90 90 70 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% rox + DPX-79406 0.125 + 0.031 10 90 90 90 80 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% PX-79406 + X-77 0.031 + 0.25% 10 70 90 70 80 100 80 LSD (0.05) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Corn Colq Vele Pesw Gift Rrpw Ebns reatment Rate 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 (lb/A) (%Injury) — /ft- f*i-\ ntrol)- heck 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 romoxynil 0.25 0 100 90 80 0 100 100 rox + DPX-V9360 0.25 + 0.047 0 90 90 100 90 100 100 rox + DPX-V9360 0.125 + 0.047 10 80 90 80 80 100 90 rox + DPX-V9360 0.25 + 0.047 10 100 90 100 90 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% rox + DPX-V9360 0.125 + 0.047 10 90 90 100 90 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% PX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 0 70 80 80 90 100 60 rox + DPX-79406 0.25 + 0.031 10 80 90 80 80 90 80 rox + DPX-79406 0.125 + 0.031 10 70 90 80 70 90 100 rox + DPX-79406 0.25 + 0.031 10 90 90 90 80 90 100 + X-77 +0.25% ■rox + DPX-79406 0.125 + 0.031 10 80 90 80 80 100 90 + X-77 +0.25% PX-79406 + X-77 0.031 + 0.25% 10 60 90 70 80 100 60 LSD (0.05) 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 •77 is a nonionic adjuvant from Valent. 'X-79406 is a combination of DPX-V9360 & DPX-E9636. Table 2. Evaluation of DPX-V9360 and DPX-V9360 plus DPX-E9636 in combination with bromoxynil for broad spectrum weed control in corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Treatment Rate Corn 6/20 Colq 6/20 Vele 6/20 Pesw 6/20 Gift 6/20 Rrpw 6/20 Ebns 6/20 (lb/A) (%Inju ry) — (% Control )- Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bromoxynil 0.25 0 100 99 95 0 100 100 Brox + DPX-V9360 0.25 + 0.047 0 99 98 100 95 100 100 Brox + DPX-V9360 0.125 + 0.047 0 96 94 98 95 100 100 Brox + DPX-V9360 0.25 + 0.047 0 100 97 100 98 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% Brox + DPX-V9360 0.125 + 0.047 0 98 98 98 98 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 0 85 83 91 97 99 0 Brox + DPX-79406 0.25 + 0.031 0 88 88 85 70 100 100 Brox + DPX-79406 0.125 + 0.031 0 80 86 73 70 98 100 Brox + DPX-79406 0.25 + 0.031 0 90 92 90 85 100 100 + X-77 +0.25% Brox + DPX-79406 0.125 + 0.031 0 85 85 85 87 100 83 + X-77 +0.25% DPX-79406 + X-77 0.031 + 0.25% 0 60 76 70 93 100 0 LSD (0.05) 0 6 10 6 2 1 14 Treatment Rate Corn 7/3 Colq 7/3 Vele 7/3 Pesw 7/3 Gift 7/3 Rrpw 7/3 Ebns 7/3 Corn yield Check Bromoxynil Brox + DPX-V9360 Brox + DPX-V9360 Brox + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Brox + DPX-V9360 + X-77 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Brox + DPX-79406 Brox + DPX-79406 Brox + DPX-79406 + X-77 Brox + DPX-79406 + X-77 DPX-79406 + X-77 (lb/A) 0.25 0.25 + 0.047 0.125 + 0.047 0.25 + 0.047 +0.25% 0.125 + 0.047 +0.25% 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.031 0.125 + 0.031 0.25 + 0.031 +0.25% 0.125 + 0.031 +0.25% 0.031 + 0.25% LSD (0.05) (Height) (inch) 39.0 43.6 44.3 44.3 43.6 43.6 42.6 44.0 43.6 44.3 43.3 43.0 2.1 0 96 96 75 94 91 66 83 73 78 70 26 16 0 95 85 81 88 88 85 86 86 86 90 95 (% Control) 0 80 88 85 93 88 75 76 73 83 80 63 12 0 0 81 80 88 83 80 76 63 76 76 83 0 93 89 91 91 91 95 93 91 93 96 96 9 0 100 93 96 95 100 36 70 100 96 86 60 18 (bu/A) 108.8 131.1 178.7 178.6 174.1 178.8 177.8 171.0 172.9 171.9 172.9 169.1 11.0 X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. DPX-79406 is a combination of DPX-V9360 & DPX-E9636. Evaluation of DPX-V9360 in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control corn. Knake, Ellery L. , Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate r^tential for antagonism to DPX-V9360 from addition of herbicides for broadleaf weed itrol. :ation: al area: linage: .1 type: .1 pH: >. design: >p: inting date: lecticide: .lage: rtility: DeKalb SW600(CTR) 100 X 210 ft fair Drummer silty clay loam 6.2 randomized complete block corn April 25, 1990 Plot size: Slope: Organic matter Replications: Variety: Row spacing: 10 X 33 ft 0 to 1% 5 to 6% 3 Pioneer 3475 30 inch 28,300/A lindane in a graphite carrier Seeding rate: Agrox, a seed treatment of captan & diazinon moldboard plow-Nov 20, 1989, -used field cultivator with leveling bar Apr 24. 180 lb N, Apr 27. IBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: May 30, 1990 tractor-mounted water yes 25 30 compressed air :e: ayer: rrier: jadcast : ./A: [ jpellant: iperature (F) iir: soil (4 inch): LI moisture: .d (mph) : Lnfall previous week: 65 59 moist 9 0.52 inch Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Temperature (C) air: soil (4 inch) Wind direction: Sky: Humidity: 12:30 to 1:45 pm post -emergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 19 :15 88 degrees 30% overcast 33% following week: 0.47 inch SCIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: teles: Corn Lght (inch): 3.5 . of leaves: 4 ecies: Pesw ight (inch): 3 . of leaves: 4 ecies: Rrpw ight (inch) : .25 . of leaves: 4 ecies: Vele ight (inch) : 1.5 . of leaves: 2 to Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Gift 1.5 3 Colq 1 4 Ebns .25 4 Yens 2.5 6 Corn tolerance appeared to generally be relatively good with DPX-V9360 alone or in ibination with 2,4-D, dicamba, dicamba plus atrazine or bromoxynil plus atrazine. However, ition of cyanazine caused suppression of corn and addition of pyridate to this combination ther accentuated suppression. Observations suggested some caution in combining DPX-V9360 h bentazon or bentazon plus atrazine but effect on corn appeared to be somewhat temporary, early effects from combination of DPX-V9360 with atrazine, dicamba plus atrazine, bromoxynil e atrazine, thifensulfuron or V-23031 appeared to be quite temporary. DPX-V9360 alone gave good control of giant foxtail, redroot pigweed and Pennsylvania irtweed. Addition of most other herbicides significantly improved control of velvetleaf and imon lambsquarters. None of the sulfonylureas in the study controlled eastern black ihtshade but combinations with other herbicides were effective. Observations suggested the possibility of slight antagonism of bentazon or bentazon plus azine on giant foxtail control with DPX-V9360. Control of giant foxtail was not as good with -79406 as with DPX-V9360. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) Table 1. Evaluation of DPX-V9360 in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). " Corn Colq Vele Pesw Gift Rrpw Ebns Treatment Rate? 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5. (lb/A) (%Injury) — — (% Control) Check DPX-V9360 + X-77 2,4-D Amine + 47 + 0.25% 0.5 + 0 0 0 0 70 80 0 70 90 0 70 80 0 80 70 0 100 100 0 90 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 2,4-D LV Ester + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 10 80 90 80 70 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Dicamba + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0 80 90 80 80 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Dica & Atrazine + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.47 & 0.92 + 5 100 90 90 80 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 6 13 90 100 90 90 80 80 70 80 100 100 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + Atra + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 18 100 90 80 80 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + Atra + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 20 100 100 100 90 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pydt + Cyanazine + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 20 100 100 100 90 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pydt + Cyanazine + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 21 100 100 100 90 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Atrazine + 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 10 100 90 90 80 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Cyanazine + 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 20 100 90 100 90 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Bentazon + 0.047 + 0.25% 1.0 + 13 100 100 100 70 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Bent & Atra + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.75 + 0.75 + 15 100 100 100 60 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Bromoxynil + Atra + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.5 + 13 100 90 100 70 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 Thifensulfuron + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.004 + 8 90 90 70 80 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 V23031 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.0625 + 18 90 90 80 80 100 100 DPX-V9360 + X-77 DPX-79406 + X-77 DPX-79406 + COC 0.047 + 0.25% 0.031 + 0.25% 0.031 + 1 Qt/A 15 16 80 80 90 80 80 70 80 80 100 100 80 80 LSD (0.05) 4 0 0 0 0 0 10 X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. DPX-79406 is a combination of DPX-V9360 and DPX-E9636. COC is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. ,le 2. Evaluation of DPX-V9360 in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). reatment Rate neck PX-V9360 + X-77 ,4-D Amine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 ,4-D LV Ester + 3PX-V9360 + X-77 icamba + 3PX-V9360 + X-77 Lea & Atrazine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 yridate + )PX-V9360 + X-77 fridate + !)PX-V9360 + X-77 'ridate + Atra + )PX-V9360 + X-77 'ridate + Atra + 1PX-V9360 + X-77 'dt + Cyanazine + :iPX-V9360 + X-77 'dt + Cyanazine + IPX-V9360 + X-77 razine + IPX-V9360 + X-77 'anazine + IPX-V9360 + X-77 ■ntazon + IPX-V9360 + X-77 ;nt & Atra + 'PX-V9360 + X-77 omoxynil + Atra + 'PX-V9360 + X-77 X-M6316 + 'PX-V9360 + X-77 3031 + •PX-V9360 + X-77 •X-79406 + X-77 'X-79406 + COC (lb/A) 0.047 + 0.25% 0.5 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.47 & 0.92 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 0.047 + 0.25% 1.0 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.75 + 0.75 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.5 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.004 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.0625 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.031 + 0.25% 0.031 + 1 Qt/A LSD (0.05) Corn Colq Vele Pesw Gift Rrpw Ebns 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 6/13 (%Injury) - (% Control) - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 70 90 90 100 90 0 80 90 80 80 100 100 5 90 90 90 80 100 100 0 80 90 90 80 100 100 3 100 100 100 80 100 100 6 90 90 90 90 100 100 8 100 90 90 90 100 100 10 100 90 90 90 100 100 10 100 90 100 90 100 100 18 100 90 100 90 100 100 20 100 100 100 90 100 10 20 10 10 11 8 11 100 100 90 100 100 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 90 90 80 90 80 80 80 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 90 100 13 80 90 80 80 100 60 11 80 80 70 80 100 80 10 '7 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. :-79406 is a combination of DPX-V9360 and DPX-E9636. - is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% lert. Table 3. Evaluation of DPX-V9360 in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Corn Corn Colq Vele Pesw Gift Rrpw Ebns 6/20 6/20 6/20 6/20 6/20 6/20 6/20 6/20 (lb/A) (Height) (%Injury) ( inch) (% Control) Check DPX-V9360 + X-77 2,4-D Amine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 2,4-D LV Ester + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Dicamba + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Dica & Atrazine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + Atra + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pyridate + Atra + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pydt + Cyanazine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Pydt + Cyanazine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Atrazine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Cyanazine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Bentazon + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Bent & Atra + DPX-V9360 + X-77 Bromoxynil + Atra h DPX-V9360 + X-77 DPX-M6316 + DPX-V9360 + X-77 V23031 + DPX-V9360 + X-77 DPX-79406 + X-77 DPX-79406 + COC 17.3 0.047 + 0.25% 16.7 0.5 + 16.3 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 17.3 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 16.3 0.047 + 0.25% 0.47 & 0.92 + 16.0 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 16.0 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 15.0 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 15.0 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 15.0 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 12.7 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 12.3 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 16.3 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 12.3 0.047 + 0.25% 1.0 + 15.7 0.047 + 0.25% 0.75 + 0.75 + 17.3 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.5 + 15.3 0.047 + 0.25% 0.004 + 15.0 0.047 + 0.25% 0.0625 + 14.0 0.047 + 0.25% 0.031 + 0.25% 15.3 0.031 + 1 Qt/A 15.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 86 99 99 100 0 0 99 98 99 90 100 86 0 99 97 99 97 100 86 0 98 95 100 96 100 100 0 100 100 100 98 100 100 3 100 96 100 98 100 100 5 100 98 100 98 100 100 3 100 98 100 98 100 100 4 100 99 100 99 100 100 23 100 99 100 99 99 100 25 100 99 100 97 99 100 0 100 99 100 97 100 100 15 100 99 100 99 100 100 3 100 99 100 93 100 100 2 100 99 100 97 100 100 5 100 99 100 98 100 100 3 100 97 100 96 100 0 2 100 99 97 99 100 100 3 94 94 81 91 100 0 1 93 94 73 97 99 0 LSD (0.05) 2.54 0 X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. DPX-79406 is a combination of DPX-V9360 and DPX-E9636. COC is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. 10 ble 4. Evaluation of DPX-V9360 in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed in corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). control eatment Rate heck PX-V9360 + X-77 ,4-D Amine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 ,4-D LV Ester + DPX-V9360 + X-77 icamba + DPX-V9360 + X-77 ica & Atrazine + DPX-V9360 + X-77 yridate + DPX-V9360 + X-77 yridate + DPX-V9360 + X-77 /ridate + Atra + DPX-V9360 + X-77 fridate + Atra + DPX-V9360 + X-77 fdt + Cyanazine + )PX-V9360 + X-77 fdt + Cyanazine + )PX-V9360 + X-77 irazine + 3PX-V9360 + X-77 fanazine + )PX-V9360 + X-77 jntazon + )PX-V9360 + X-77 ;nt & Atra + 5PX-V9360 + X-77 romoxyr.il + Atra 4 JPX-V9360 + X-77 JX-M6316 + JPX-V9360 + X-77 !3031 + )PX-V9360 + X-77 'X-79406 + X-77 >X-79406 + COC (lb/A) 0.047 + 0.25% 0.5 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.47 & 0.92 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.45 + 0.6 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.90 + 1.2 + 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 0.047 + 0.25% 2.0 + 0.047 + 0.25% 1.0 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.75 + 0.75 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.25 + 0.5 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.004 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.0625 + 0.047 + 0.25% 0.031 + 0.25% 0.031 + 1 Qt/A Corn 7 /5 (Hei ght) ( inch) 44 .0 46 .0 46 .0 45 .6 42 .3 42 .6 43 .6 42 .6 45 .3 45 .3 35 6 34. 6 44. 0 39. 0 44. 6 43. 3 43. 0 44. 3 44. 0 44. 3 41. 3 Colq Vele Pesw Gift Rrpw 7/5 7/5 7/5 7/5 7/5 (% Control) Ebns Corn 7/5 yield (bu/A) LSD (0.05) 4.50 0 65 90 86 95 100 86 93 100 100 96 96 100 100 86 100 100 91 86 76 63 13 0 70 80 70 90 90 70 70 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 80 90 80 90 80 60 10 0 90 90 90 90 100 90 80 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 80 70 50 0 80 80 70 90 80 80 80 80 90 90 80 90 80 70 70 80 80 80 70 80 10 0 100 90 90 100 90 90 90 100 100 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 90 0 60 0 60 60 70 70 60 70 80 60 70 70 70 60 60 60 0 60 0 0 10 125.2 166.7 171.1 165.5 170.7 173.8 171.1 172.6 171.5 174.3 170.8 169.1 177.7 166.5 169.0 169.0 171.2 168.2 168.7 167.3 158.9 14. 5 17 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. C-79406 is a combination of DPX-V9360 and DPX-E9636. ' is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% Jrt. 11 Evaluation of pyridate. CL 23601, and CL 11068 for control of nutsedqe. Knake, Ellery L. , Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate pyridate, CL 23601, and CL 11068 for control of nutsedge. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Exp. design: Crop: Planting date: Insecticide: Tillage: Fertility: DeKalb SW600(N) 100 X 170 ft fair Drummer silty clay loam 6.2 randomized complete block corn April 25, 1990 33 ft Plot size: Slope: Organic matter: Replications : Variety: Row spacing: Seeding rate: Agrox, a seed treatment of captan & diazinon & lindane in a graphite carrier, moldboard plow-Nov 20, 1989;used field cultivator with leveling bar Apr 24 180 lb N, Apr 27. 10 X 0 to 1% 5 to 6% 3 Pioneer 3475 30 inch 28,300/A FIRST HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast: Gal/A: PS I Propellant : Temperature (F) air: soil (4 inch) : Soil moisture: Wind (mph) : Rainfall previous week: May 23, 1990 tractor-mounted water yes 25 30 compressed air 79 58 moist 19 0.47 inch Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Temperature (C) air: soil (4 inch) Wind direction: Sky: Humidity: 2:30 to 3:30 pm post emergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 26 14 159 degrees 30% overcast 55% following week: 0.21 inch SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Yens Height (inch) : 3 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Gift Height (inch): 1 No. of leaves: 2 Species: Pesw Height (inch): 1.5 No. of leaves: 3 SECOND HERBICIDE APPLICATION I] Date: June 19, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast: yes Gal/A 25 PSI 30 Propellant: compressed air Temperature (F; air: 75 soil (4 inch) : 70 Species: Vele Height (inch): 1 No. of leaves: 2 Species: Colq Height (inch): .75 No. of leaves: 3 1.0 lb/A plus 1.0 qt/A COC) Time: Treatment : Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Temperature (C) air: 9:15 to 9:45 am late postemergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 23 soil (4 inch) : 21 12 nil moisture: moist Lnd (mph): 14 ainfall previous week: following week Wind direction: Sky: Humidity: 271 degrees 100% overcast 74% 1.78 inch 1.62 inch >ECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: >ecies: Yens ight (inch): 14 ). of leaves: 12 The primary purpose of this study was evaluation of herbicides for control of yellow tsedge. Pyridate, CL 23601, and CL 11068 alone and in various combinations had some early feet on yellow nutsedge but one treatment was not generally adequate for good control. A bsequent treatment of bentazon improved control of yellow nutsedge very significantly. Most eatments gave relatively good control of broadleaf weeds. Pyridate plus atrazine and CL 11068 us atrazine were two of the more effective treatments for broad spectrum control. (Dept. of ronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) >le 1. Evaluation of pyridate, CL 23601, and CL 11068 for control of nutsedge (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). atmemt Rate Corn Colq Vele Pesw Gift Yens Rrpw 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 6/5 (lb/A) (%Injury) - (% Control) eck razine ntazon ntazon ridate ridate ridate ridate DC ridate ash 23601 23601 23601 DC 23601 ash 11068 11068 11068 DC 11068 ash COC COC Dash COC Dash Atra + Bent + 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1 1 qt/A qt/A qt/A qt/A qt/A ,0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 80 100 30 0 100 0 100 90 100 10 0 100 0 100 90 100 10 0 90 5 100 90 30 90 20 100 3 100 100 40 90 20 100 5 100 100 40 100 10 100 5 100 90 100 90 20 100 COC Atra + + Bent + COC Atra + + Bent + qt/A 8 + 1.0 qt/A 8 8 + 1 8 + 2 qt/A 8 + 1 qt/A 1.8 1.8 + 1 1.8 + 2 1 qt/A 1.8 + 1 i qt/A LSD (0.05) 100 90 100 90 30 100 qt/A + 5 100 80 50 80 30 100 10 100 90 50 90 40 100 10 100 100 100 90 50 100 10 100 90 100 80 50 100 qt/A + 5 100 80 60 5 100 90 50 5 100 100 90 60 20 100 60 50 100 90 50 100 100 90 100 80 60 100 Crop oil concentrate, an 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and inert. "» is an adjuvant from BASF. 13 Table 2. Evaluation of pyridate, CL 23601, and CL 11068 for control of nutsedge (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Corn 6/13 Colq 6/13 Vele 6/13 Pesw 6/13 Gift 6/13 Yens 6/13 Rrpw 6/13 (lb/A) (%Injury) — - (% Control) — — Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atrazine + COC 2.0 + 1 qt/A 0 100 80 100 70 10 100 Bentazon + COC 1.0 + 1 qt/A 0 100 90 100 10 10 100 Bentazon + Dash 1.0 + 1 qt/A 1 100 90 90 10 10 90 Pyridate 1.8 5 100 90 30 90 20 100 Pyridate + COC 1.8 + 1 qt/A 5 100 100 30 80 10 100 Pyridate + Dash 1.8 + 1 qt/A 5 100 100 30 100 0 100 Pyridate + Atra + 1.8 + 2 .0 + 5 100 100 100 90 30 100 COC 1 qt/A Pyridate + Bent + 1.8 + 1 .0 + 5 100 90 100 90 30 100 Dash 1 qt/A CL 23601 1.8 5 100 90 30 70 30 100 CL 23601 + COC 1.8 + 1 qt/A 5 100 90 50 90 40 100 CL 23601 + Atra + 1.8 + 2 + 5 100 100 100 90 50 100 COC 1 qt/A CL 23601 + Bent + 1.8 + 1 + 5 100 90 100 80 50 100 Dash 1 qt/A CL 11068 1.8 5 100 80 50 60 20 100 CL 11068 + COC 1.8 + 1 qt/A 5 100 90 50 60 50 100 CL 11068 + Atra + 1.8 + 2 + 5 100 90 100 90 50 100 COC 1 qt/A CL 11068 + Bent + 1.8 + 1 + 5 100 100 100 80 50 100 Dash 1 qt/A LSD (0.05) 1 0 10 0 10 10 0 (continued) 14 >le 2. Evaluation of pyridate, CL 23601, and CL 11068 for control fo nutsedge (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued atment Rate Corn 6/20 Colq 6/20 Vele 6/20 Pesw 6/20 Gift 6/20 Yens 6/20 Rrpw 6/20 (lb/A) (Height) ( inch) (% Control) ck azine + COC tazon + COC tazon + Dash idate idate + COC idate + Dash idate + Atra + idate + Bent + sh 23601 23601 + COC '3601 + Atra + 23601 + Bent + jh L1068 L1068 + COC L1068 + Atra + L1068 + Bent + ih 2 1 1. 1, 1, 1. 1. 1 1. 1 1 + + + qt/A 8 + 1 qt/A 8 1.8 + 1 1 1 1, 1 1. 1, 1 1 1. 1 8 + 2 qt/A 8 + 1 qt/A 8 8 + 1 8 + 2 qt/A 8 + 1 qt/A qt/A qt/A qt/A qt/A qt/A 0 + ,0 + qt/A + 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 12.0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 90 0 100 100 100 30 30 30 100 100 0 70 30 20 90 80 100 90 90 0 0 30 100 20 100 20 90 20 90 10 90 0 100 40 100 40 100 12.0 100 90 12.0 100 80 12.0 100 100 30 70 30 90 40 90 40 100 100 90 50 100 qt/A + 14.0 14.0 14.0 12.0 13.3 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 80 40 100 80 50 60 90 60 60 90 100 90 30 100 50 100 50 100 90 LSD (0.05) 100 10 80 10 40 10 100 Crop oil concentrate, an 83% .nert . l is an adjuvant from BASF. paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 15 Table 3. Evaluation of pyridate, CL 23601, and CL 11068 for control ot nutseagi e (Knajce, Heisner , and Paul) . • Corn Colq Vele Pesw Gift Yens Rrpw Corn Treatment Rate 7/5 7/5 7/5 7/5 7/5 7/5 7/5 yield (lb/A) (Height) (% Control) - - (bu/A) ( inch) Check 35.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 77.3 Atrazine + COC 2.0 + 1 qt/A 42.0 100 90 100 53 90 100 143.5 Bentazon + COC 1.0 + 1 qt/A 37.6 100 100 100 20 80 90 98.4 Bentazon + Dash 1.0 + 1 qt/A 37.0 100 90 100 10 80 90 85.5 Pyridate 1.8 39.0 100 90 80 66 80 90 148.5 Pyridate + COC 1.8 + 1 qt/A 36.6 100 90 90 56 90 80 135.3 Pyridate + Dash 1.8 + 1 qt/A 33.6 100 90 90 90 70 90 140.5 Pyridate + Atra + 1.8 + 2 .0 + 37.6 100 100 100 93 90 100 162.3 COC 1 qt/A Pyridate + Bent + 1.8 + 1 .0 + 38.6 100 90 100 46 90 90 142.2 Dash i qt/A CL 23601 1.8 38.3 96 90 90 46 80 90 136.7 CL 23601 + COC 1.8 + 1 qt/A 37.6 100 90 80 73 80 90 150.7 CL 23601 + Atra + 1.8 + 2 + 37.6 100 100 100 80 90 100 155.6 COC 1 qt/A CL 23601 + Bent + 1.8 + 1 + 35.3 100 90 100 60 80 90 138.7 Dash 1 qt/A CL 11068 1.8 37.0 100 90 90 53 80 80 131.9 CL 11068 + COC 1.8 + 1 qt/A 36.3 100 100 90 46 80 90 127.4 CL 11068 + Atra + 1.8 + 2 + 38.6 100 90 100 83 90 100 164.4 COC 1 qt/A CL 11068 + Bent + 1.8 + 1 + 37.3 100 100 100 80 90 100 143.5 Dash i qt/A LSD (0.05) 4.9 2 0 10 37 10 10 25.6 COC Crop oil concentrate, an 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. Dash is an adjuvant from BASF. 16 Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron ethyl, and lactofen. ;, Ellery L. , Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate clethodim .nations for potential antagonism and for control of broadleaf and grass weeds. :xon: . area: tage: type: pH: ing date; lity: ge: DeKalb SW800 150 X 500 ft fair Drummer silty clay loam 6.3 many April 23, 1990 Plot size: Slope: Organic matter: Exp. design: Replications : Variety: Row spacing: 10 X 150 ft 1 to 2% 5 to 6% randomized complete block none see table 30 inch and 5 ft 120 lb/A P2Os Nov. 17, 1989; 120 lb/A K20 Nov. 13, 1989. used field cultivator with leveler bar once April 18. CIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: May 30, 1990 er: tractor-mounted er: water ca&t/band: broadcast : 25 30 compressed air (F) 59 (4 inch under sod) : 59 all vious week: 0.52 lowing week: 0.22 llant: rature Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Sky: Humidity: Soil mositure: Wind (mph) ; Wind direction: 7:30 to 9:30 am postemergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 15% overcast 46% moist 14 96 degrees ES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: es: Corn t (inch) : 5, 7 extended f leaves: 4 es: Sorghum t (inch) : 2.5, 3 extended f leaves: 5 es: Canola t (inch) : 4 f leaves: 4 es: Wheat t (inch) : 4 f leaves: 3 plus 2 tillers, each with 3 M: Red clover b (inch) : 1 f leaves: 1 to 2 2S: Gift -. (inch): 3 I leaves: 4 58 : Yeft ~ ; (inch) : 2.5 I leaves: 4 ■b: Grft : (inch) : 2.5 : leaves: 4 Lb: Lacg 1: (inch) : 0.5 1: leaves: 2 lis: Bygr |. ( inch) : 4 1: leaves: 4 - Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Soybean 3.5 2 trifoliolate Hairy vetch 2, 4.5 extended 6 Oats 7 4+1 tiller with 2 leaves Alfalfa 3 2 to 3 Cocb 3 5 Ilmg 1 2 Ebns 0.5 3 Cosf 1 2 Corw 0.75 4 Girw 2 4 17 Species: Rrpw Height (inch): 0.25 No. of leaves: 3 Species: Colq Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 7 Species: Vele Height (inch): 1.5 No. of leaves: 2 to Species: Fapa Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 2 to 3 Species: Shea Height (inch): 1.5 No. of leaves: 3 Species: Tamg Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 2 Clethodim gave very good control of grass species, including "volunteer" corn, winter wheat seeded in the spring, sorghum, oats, shattercane, and all other annual grass weeds. Although increasing rate tended to hasten control, the degree of control was quite similar with all rates at the end of three weeks. Bentazon or chlorimuron tended to have a slight antagonistic effect on clethodim but this tended to be compensated by increasing clethodim rate or by using lactofen in the combination. All combinations gave excellent control of cocklebur, common and giant ragweeds, and common sunflower. Control of ivyleaf and tall morningglories was least with bentazon and best, but not complete, with lactofen. Eastern black nightshade was controlled well by lactofen but bentazon or chlorimuron did not provide control. Velvet leaf control was very good with bentazon or lactofen but only fair with chlorimuron. Chlorimuron or lactofen provided good control of redroot pigweed while bentazon was only fair. Common lambsquarters control was best with bentazon and least with chlorimuron. Combinations of lactofen plus fluazifop-P or quizalofop performed very well on grass species. In general, the plots displayed very good weed control but some soybean injury which decreased with time. (Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 18 Le. Evaluation or clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorirauron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). itment Rate •IPSA Corn varieties- -C1914- -C6114- C1914 F_80 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 Injury hodim + bent + COC + bent + CC (lb/A) 0.094 +.75 0.125 + 0.75 (*) (%) 40 50 60 60 (%) (%) 80 90 50 60 (%) 60 60 (%) 80 90 (%) (%) 40 50 60 60 (%) 85 80 + bentazon actofen + COC + clim + COC + clim + COC + chlorimuron act + COC + lact + COC + lact + COC + quizalofop + COC + fluazifop-P + COC + COC + COC + COC 0.094 + 0.5 70 90 90 75 90 90 75 90 90 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 40 50 80 50 50 85 40 50 90 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 50 60 80 60 60 85 50 60 90 0.094 + 0.006 70 80 85 75 80 90 75 80 95 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 80 90 90 80 90 95 85 90 95 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 80 95 95 80 95 95 85 95 95 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 85 100 100 95 100 100 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 90 100 100 90 100 100 95 100 100 0.063 30 80 90 40 80 90 50 80 100 0.094 40 82 100 40 82 100 60 82 100 0.125 50 84 100 40 84 100 70 84 100 tinued) Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner and Paul). continued •IPSA Corn varieties- C6114 -C2998 C2998 F-80 F-80 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 uneiit Kdl.B .ii t ury- (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) hodim + bent + COC 0.094 +.75 35 60 70 30 60 85 25 60 80 + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 40 60 80 40 60 100 30 60 90 + bentazon 0.094 + 0.5 70 90 90 85 90 100 80 90 90 actofen + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + clim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 35 50 90 25 50 85 25 50 90 + clim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 45 60 95 55 60 95 55 60 95 + chlorimuron 0.094 + 0.006 70 80 90 75 80 90 75 80 90 act + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 80 90 95 90 90 100 90 90 100 + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 70 95 95 85 95 100 90 95 100 + quizalofop -t • COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 90 100 100 95 100 100 95 100 100 + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt . 90 100 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 + COC 0.063 50 80 100 70 80 100 70 80 100 + COC 0.094 40 82 100 70 82 100 70 82 100 + COC 0.125 60 84 100 80 84 100 70 84 100 tinued) 19 Table. Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, cnior^u^u, »«v (Knake, He i oner, and Paul). continued -C8004 Treatment Rate (lb/A) -IPSA Corn varieties— C8004 F-80 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 Injury -C6973 6/7 6/13 6/20 (%) (%) (%) (%) (*) (%) (%) (*) Clethodim + bent + COC Clet + bent + COC Clet + bentazon + lactofen + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + chlorimuron + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Lact + quizalofop + COC Lact + fluazifop-P + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC 0.094 +.75 0.125 + 0.75 0.094 + 0.5 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.006 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 0.063 0.094 0.125 25 20 75 20 40 75 95 95 95 90 60 70 70 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 80 82 84 70 90 90 90 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 20 75 20 35 70 85 80 90 90 60 60 80 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 80 82 84 70 90 90 90 90 90 95 95 100 100 100 100 100 20 35 70 85 80 90 90 60 60 80 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 80 82 84 (continued) Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed mixed bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued Table. 6/7 Treatment Rate IPSA Corn varieties C6973 C9979 - F-80 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 Injury 6/20 (lb/A) (%) Clethodim + bent + COC Clet + bent + COC Clet + bentazon + lactofen + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + chlorimuron + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Lact + quizalofop + COC Lact + fluazifop-P + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC 0.094 +.75 0.125 + 0.75 0.094 +0.5 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt 0.094 + 0.006 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 0.063 0.094 0.125 20 20 75 25 25 65 85 85 95 95 70 80 70 (%) 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 80 82 84 (*) 80 100 100 80 80 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 (%) 20 20 75 20 20 60 85 85 90 90 80 80 80 (*) 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 80 82 84 (*) 80 80 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 (*) 25 60 80 20 60 90 75 90 100 80 80 80 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 (continued) 20 Le. Evaluation of clethodium tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued IPSA Corn varieties C9979 C4843 C4843 F-80 F-80 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 jcment r-dut; irv - ■ (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) ihodim + bent + COC 0.094 +.75 25 60 70 20 60 70 30 60 90 ; + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 25 60 90 20 60 90 30 60 90 : + bentazon 0.094 +0.5 70 90 80 70 90 100 70 90 100 .actofen + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. : + dim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 30 50 90 30 50 100 30 50 100 ; + clim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 30 60 90 30 60 100 30 60 100 . + chlorimuron 0.094 + 0.006 75 80 100 70 80 100 70 80 90 .act + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. . + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 85 90 100 90 90 100 90 90 100 . + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 85 95 100 90 95 100 90 95 100 . + quizalofop ■* ■ COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 90 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 . + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt . 95 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 . + COC 0.063 80 80 100 80 80 100 80 80 100 + COC 0.094 80 82 100 80 82 100 80 82 100 + COC 0.125 80 84 100 80 84 100 80 84 100 itinued) Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued Wheat Soybea Merrimac ■ Hack Pioneer 9272 tment Rate 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 Iniurv 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (*) (%) (%) (%) (%) (*) hodim + bent + COC 0.094 +.75 20 50 50 20 5 5 10 5 5 + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 20 55 55 20 5 5 10 5 5 + bentazon 0.094 + 0.5 50 70 70 40 20 15 30 20 15 actofen + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + clim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 30 45 60 20 10 10 10 10 10 + clim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 30 50 70 30 10 10 20 10 10 + chlorimuron 0.094 + 0.006 50 60 60 40 20 15 30 20 10 act + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 60 70 70 40 30 20 30 30 15 + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 70 70 70 40 30 15 30 30 10 + quizalofop + COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 70 70 100 40 30 20 30 30 20 + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 80 80 100 40 30 20 30 30 20 + COC 0.063 30 45 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 + COC 0.094 30 50 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 + COC 0.125 30 55 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 tinued) 21 Table. Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Sorghum- Treatment Rate — Sorghum Canola — CGA-133205 — Diadem 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 Injury Clethodim + bent + COC Clet + bent + COC Clet + bentazon + lactofen + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + chlorimuron + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Lact + quizalofop + COC Lact + fluazifop-P + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC (lb/A) 0.094 +.75 0.125 + 0.75 0.094 + 0.5 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt 0.094 + 0.006 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.09 + 1 pt. 0.188 + 1 pt. 0.125 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.063 0.094 0.125 (%) 30 30 90 30 30 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 (%) (*) 80 80 100 80 80 90 90 90 90 80 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 90 85 90 90 90 (%) 30 40 90 40 40 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 (*) 80 90 100 80 80 100 100 100 100 100 80 85 90 (%) 90 90 100 80 80 100 100 100 100 100 90 90 90 (%) (%) 70 90 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 (continued) Table. Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued Hairy Vetch 6/7 6/13 6/20 Treatment Rate Clethodim + bent + COC Clet + bent + COC Clet + bentazon + lactofen + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + clim + COC Clet + chlorimuron + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Lact + quizalofop + COC Lact + fluazifop-P + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC (lb/A) 0.094 +.75 0.125 + 0.75 0.094 + 0.5 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.006 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.2 + lpt. 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 0.063 0.094 0.125 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (*) (%) 0 0 80 60 60 70 80 80 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 50 70 100 70 100 80 80 90 90 90 90 0 0 0 80 80 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 50 90 100 90 100 100 0 0 0 30 30 98 70 70 98 99 99 100 99 0 0 0 20 0 20 10 80 100 20 30 80 90 90 90 90 0 0 0 40 10 70 50 50 50 50 0 0 0 70 70 90 80 80 80 80 0 0 0 (*) 100 90 100 100 90 100 70 100 100 80 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 Alfalfa Red Vernal Clover 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 Injury (%) 30 0 30 20 100 100 90 100 80 60 60 50 60 0 0 0 (continued) 22 Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued chlorimuron, and lactofen rment Rate Oats Ogle 6/7 6/13 6/20 Injury Cocb Shea 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 Control — (lb/A) lodim + bent + COC + bent + COC + bentazon actofen + COC + dim + COC + clim + COC + chlorimuron act + COC + lact + COC + lact + COC + quizalofop + COC + fluazifop-P + COC + COC + COC + COC 0.094 +.75 0.125 + 0.75 0.094 + 0.5 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt 0.094 + 0.006 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.2 + lpt. + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.09 + 1 pt. 0.188 + 1 pt. .125 .2 + .2 + .063 .094 0.125 (%) 20 20 50 30 30 50 60 70 70 80 30 30 30 (%) (%) (%) 50 55 70 45 50 60 70 70 70 80 45 50 55 30 40 50 80 90 90 90 100 100 100 90 90 90 100 100 100 80 80 90 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 <%) 100 100 100 98 99 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 (%) (%) 80 90 100 80 80 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 98 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 (%) 80 90 80 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 cinued) Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued :ment Rate Fapa Girw Corw 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) lodim + bent + COC + bent + COC + bentazon actofen + COC • clim + COC + clim + COC + chlorimuron let + COC + + lact + COC 0 + lact + COC 0 + quizalofop + COC 0 + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + + COC 0.063 + COC 0.094 + COC 0.125 0.094 +.75 0.125 + 0.75 0.094 + 0.5 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.006 0.15 + 1 pt. 094 + 0.2 + lpt. + 0.2 + 1 pt. 0.09 + 1 pt. 0.188 + 1 pt. ,125 .2 + 70 60 70 60 60 80 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 90 80 95 80 95 90 90 95 98 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 99 100 100 100 90 100 90 100 100 100 80 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 100 90 100 90 100 100 100 80 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 :inued) 23 Table. Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued Cosf Ebns Ilmg Rate 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 (lb/A) (%) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (%) (%) (*) Clethodim + bent + COC 0.094 +.75 100 100 100 100 0 50 20 10 0 Clet + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 90 100 100 100 0 50 20 10 0 Clet + bentazon 0.094 + 0.5 100 100 100 100 80 100 70 80 4 + lactofen + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. Clet + clim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 50 0 40 70 80 40 Clet + clim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 50 0 50 80 80 40 Clet + chlorimuron 0.094 + 0.006 100 100 100 100 0 100 70 85 50 + lact + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. Clet + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + Ipt. 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 90 70 Clet + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 90 80 Lact + quizalofop + COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 100 100 100 30 90 80 Lact + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 90 90 Clet + COC 0.063 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clet + COC 0.094 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clet + COC 0.125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (continued) Table. Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued Treatment Rate (lb/A) Tamg Vele Colq 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 Control (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (*) (*) (*) Clethodim + bent + COC 0.094 + Clet + bent + COC 0.125 + Clet + bentazon 0.094 + + lactofen + COC + 0.15 Clet + clim + COC 0.094 + Clet + clim + COC 0.125 + Clet + chlorimuron 0.094 + + lact + COC + 0.15 Clet + lact + COC 0.094 + Clet + lact + COC 0.125 + Lact + quizalofop + COC 0.2 + 0 Lact + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + 0 Clet + COC 0.063 Clet + COC 0.094 Clet + COC 0.125 .75 0.75 0.5 + 1 pt. 0.008 + 1 pt. 0.008 + 1 pt, 0.006 + 1 pt. 0.2 + Ipt. 0.2 + 1 pt. .09 + 1 pt. .188 + 1 pt. 20 20 70 70 80 70 70 50 30 80 0 0 0 10 10 80 80 80 85 90 90 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 4 40 40 50 70 80 80 90 0 0 0 100 90 90 90 80 100 90 90 100 80 0 0 0 100 100 100 70 70 90 98 98 98 98 0 0 0 100 95 95 70 70 85 95 95 100 95 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 20 60 90 70 80 80 0 0 0 20 20 90 90 90 90 90 0 0 0 100 95 85 70 65 70 80 80 70 80 0 0 0 (continued) 24 >;. Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). continued Rrpw • Bygr Lacg ,;ment Rate 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 ■Contrc 6/20 1 6/7 6/13 6/20 (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) <%) (%) (%) (%) (*) lodim + bent + COC 0.094 +.75 90 50 60 20 90 60 30 80 70 + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 90 50 70 30 95 70 30 90 70 + bentazon 0.094 + 0.5 100 100 100 40 80 60 80 90 65 ictofen + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + dim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 90 100 90 30 85 80 30 90 75 + clim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 100 100 90 20 100 80 30 90 80 + chlorimuron 0.094 + 0.006 100 100 100 50 99 90 70 90 90 ict + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + lpt. 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 95 100 + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 + quizalofop + COC 0.2 + 0.09 + ] ■ Pfc • 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 70 90 + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 90 98 95 95 90 90 + COC 0.063 0 0 0 80 100 100 90 100 100 + COC 0.094 0 0 0 90 100 100 100 100 100 + COC 0.125 0 0 0 90 100 100 100 100 100 itinued) Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen (Knake, Heisner and Paul). continued Yeft Grft Gift - 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 6/7 6/13 6/20 tment Rate ontrol- (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (*) (%) (%) hodim + bent + COC 0.094 +.75 30 75 65 30 75 50 40 75 65 + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 30 80 75 30 75 70 50 80 75 + bentazon 0.094 + 0.5 90 85 75 90 80 65 85 85 75 actofen + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + clim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 40 80 75 40 85 85 60 80 85 + clim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 30 90 85 30 85 85 50 90 85 + chlorimuron 0.094 + 0.006 80 85 75 70 90 85 70 85 75 act + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + lpt. 100 98 95 100 95 95 90 98 95 + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 + quizalofop + COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 + fluazifop-P + COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 100 99 100 100 95 85 95 99 100 + COC 0.063 80 90 100 80 90 100 80 90 100 + COC 0.094 80 96 100 90 96 100 80 96 100 + COC 0.125 80 98 100 90 98 100 90 98 100 - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert at 1 qt/A. alofop is the D+ isomer from DuPont. 25 Evaluation of 2.4-D and atrazine combinations postemerqence for corn. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate 2,4-D and atrazine combinations for degree of crop tolerance and weed control in corn. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Exp. design: Crop: Planting date: Tillage: Fertility: Insecticide: DeKalb SW900(S) 60 X 150 ft fair Drummer silty clay loam 5.9 randomized complete block Corn April 25 Plot size: 10 X 40 ft Slope: 0 to 1% Organic matter: 5% Replication: 3 Variety: Pioneer 3503 Row spacing: 30 inch Seeding rate: 28,300/A Used field cultivator with leveling bar twice on April 24; disk and harrow twice on April 25 180 lb N April 27; 120 lb P205 Nov 17, 1989; 120 lb KzO Nov 13, 1989 1.3 lb/A a.i. terbufos HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast /band : Gal/A: PS I Propel lant: Temperature (F) air: soil (4 inch): Rainfall previous week: following week May 30, 1990 tractor-mounted water broadcast 25 30 compressed air 59 60 0.52 inches 0.47 inches Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Wind direction: Sky: Humidity: Soil moisture: Wind (mph) : 7:15 to 7:30 am Post-emergence 10 feet 20 inches 20 inches 8004 Flat Fan 3 96 degrees clear 46% moist 14 SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Corn Height (inch): 5 No. of leaves: 4 to 5 Species: Gift Height (inch): 4 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Rrpw Height (inch): 0.25 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Colq Height (inch): 1 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Vele Height (inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 2 Species: Tamg Height (inch): 0.5 No. of leaves: 1 Species: Pesw Height (inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 6 Applied DPX-V9360 @ 0.75 lb a.i. /A + X-77 @ 0.25% v/v to entire area on 6/15 to control Gift. The Gift was 10 inches at time of application and was controlled very well. Combinations of 2,4-D with atrazine provided good control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, tall morningglory and Pennsylvania smartweed. Control of velvet leaf was fair to good. However, the potential for slight corn injury was indicated. Performance of 2,4-D plus atrazine was similar to that of dicamba plus atrazine for the weed species in this trial. A subsequent application of DPX-V9360 to 10 inch giant foxtail provided good control. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 26 ]-. Evaluation of 2,4-D and atrazine combinations postemergence for corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) . Corn Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw Gift irnent Rate 6/7 6/7 6/7 6/7 6/7 6/7 6/7 (lb/A) (%Injury) - - (% Control) - :D isooctyl ester 0.375 & 4 97 100 88 100 100 55 i atrazine 0.84 D isooctyl ester 0.24 & 2 97 100 80 97 97 38 atrazine 0.56 D amine & 0.375 & 3 100 100 83 100 100 39 :razine 0.84 D amine & 0.24 & 6 100 100 83 100 97 33 ;razine + LI 700 0.56 + 0 .25% mba & atra 0.47 & 0. 92 5 100 100 85 90 100 40 k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 0 5.3 0 0 4.2 5.3 19.3 Corn Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw Gift Corn ment Rate 6/15 6/15 6/15 6/15 6/15 6/15 6/15 vie Id (lb/A) (%Injury) - - (% Control) - - (bu/A) D isooctyl ester 0.375 & 4 97 100 92 100 100 53 163.5 atrazine 0.84 D isooctyl ester 0.24 & 2 100 100 87 100 100 37 164.8 atrazine 0.56 D amine & 0.375 & 3 100 100 93 100 100 27 164.2 :razine 0.84 D amine & 0.24 & 6 100 100 89 100 100 27 159.7 ;razine + LI 700 0.56 + 0.25% mba & atra 0.47 & 0.92 5 100 100 95 97 100 38 164.4 k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 152.0 LSD(0.05) 0 4.2 0 9 4.2 0 0 8.8 0 is an adjuvant from United Agri Products. 27 Evaluation of V-23031 for weed control in corn. Knake, Ellery L. , Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate V-23031 for degree of crop tolerance and broadleaf weed control in corn. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Exp. design: Crop: Planting date: Tillage: Fertility: Insecticide: DeKalb SW900(2.20) 150 X 160 ft fair Drummer silty clay loam 5.9 randomized complete block Corn April 25 Plot size: Slope: Organic matter: Replications : Variety: Row spacing: Seeding rate: Field cultivator with bar twice on April 24; disk and harrow twice on April 25 180 lb N April 27; 120 lb P2Os Nov 17, 1989; 120 lb KzO Nov 13, 1989 1.3 lb/A a.i. terbufos 10 X 40 ft 0 to 1% 5% 3 Pioneer 3503 30 inch 28,300/A FIRST HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: May 24, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast /band: broadcast Gal/A: 25 PSI 30 Propel lant: compressed air Temperature (F) air: 64 soil (4 inch) : 58 Rainfall previous week: 0.92 inch Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Sky: Humidity: Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Wind direction: 10:00 to 10:15 am Early post-emergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 50% 76% moist 7 129 degrees following week: 0.52 inch SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Corn Height (inch): 3 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Gift Height (inch): 1.5 No. of leaves: 3 Species: Rrpw Height (inch): 0.25 No. of leaves: 3 Species: Colq Height (inch): 0.5 No. of leaves: 6 SECOND HERBICIDE APPLICATION INF Date: May 31, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast: yes Gal/A: 25 PSI 30 Propel lant: compressed air Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): 2.5 No. of leaves: 3 Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Vele 1 2 Tamg 0.5 2 cotyledons Pesw 7:30 to 8:00 am Late postemergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 28 rature ( r ; : 59 L (4 inch): 59 ill /ious week: 0.52 inch Lowing week: 0.89 inch i>Ky: clear Humidity: 60% Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph) : 9 Wind direction: 136 degrees IS PRESENT AT APPLICATION: 38: Corn : (inch) : 5 j leaves: 4 to 5 je: Gift ; ( inch) : 4 : leaves: 4 >s: Rrpw : ( inch) : 0.25 ! leaves: 4 IB: Colq : ( inch) : 0.5 to j leaves: 4 to 6 1.5 Species: Vele Height ( inch) : 1 to 2 No. of leaves: 2 to 3 Species: Tamg Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 1 Species: Pesw Height ( inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 6 * initial treatment of 3.0 lb/A alachlor plus 0.5 lb/A atrazine provided good control of >t pigweed. Control of common lambsquarters was also very good, possibly with some .but ion from the postemergence treatments. Control of velvet leaf was good with V-23031 .ittle rate response for early post but more rate response for late post. Early post ration of 2,4-D provided the best control of tall morningglory. Results with crop oil itrate and X-77 appeared to be quite similar. Some effect on corn from V-23031 was noted : appeared to be relatively temporary. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, l.) Evaluation of V-23031 for weed control in corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). 'reatment Date sprayed Rate Corn 5/27 Rrpw 5/27 Colq 5/27 Vele 5/27 Tamg 5/27 (lb/A) (%In]i iry) -(% Control) — 131 + X-77 5/24 0.026 10 100 100 97 100 131 + X-77 5/24 0.04 20 100 100 100 100 131 + X-77 5/24 0.053 20 100 100 100 100 31 + X-77/ 5/24 0.026 10 100 100 93 100 031 + X-77 5/31 0.026 31 + COC 5/24 0.026 20 100 100 97 98 xynil 5/24 0.25 10 100 100 67 70 LV ester 5/24 0.25 7 87 100 77 97 31 + X-77 5/31 0.026 0 70 100 30 77 31 + X-77 5/31 0.04 0 33 100 3 23 31 + X-77 5/31 0.053 0 67 100 7 7 31 + COC 5/31 0.026 0 67 100 27 57 xynil 5/31 0.375 0 33 100 27 3 LV ester 5/31 0.25 3 33 100 7 27 St 3 33 100 40 47 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 4. 2 60.7 0.0 31.6 34.2 nued) 29 Table. Evaluation of V-23031 for weed control in corn (continued) (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Date Corn Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Treatment spraved Rate 6/3 6/3 6/3 6/3 6/3 (lb/A) (%Injurj F \ ■■ — .4- _-.1 I r) V-23031 + X-77 5/24 0.026 10 100 100 98 98 V-23031 + X-77 5/24 0.04 15 100 100 97 80 V-23031 + X-77 5/24 0.053 18 100 100 95 87 V-23031 + X-77/ 5/24 0.026 20 100 100 100 99 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.026 V-23031 + COC 5/24 0.026 17 100 100 100 95 Bromoxynil 5/24 0.25 10 100 100 83 80 2,4-D LV ester 5/24 0.25 0 100 100 70 90 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.026 12 100 100 82 88 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.04 13 100 100 80 83 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.053 15 100 100 83 83 V-23031 + COC 5/31 0.026 15 100 100 87 90 Bromoxynil 5/31 0.375 0 100 100 67 50 2,4-D LV ester 5/31 0.25 0 100 100 57 53 No post 0 100 83 20 20 Check 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05 ) 2.4 0.0 8.6 10.0 9.2 (continued) Date Corn Corn Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Corn Treatment spraved Rate 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 yield (lb/A) (Height) (%Injui (bu/A) y) ~ — (inch) V-23031 + X-77 5/24 0.026 22.6 2 100 100 86 30 166.0 V-23031 + X-77 5/24 0.04 22.6 5 100 99 88 40 167.3 V-23031 + X-77 5/24 0.053 22.0 7 98 98 90 50 169.1 V-23031 + X-77/ 5/24 0.026 22.0 5 100 100 90 50 166.4 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.026 V-23031 + COC 5/24 0.026 22.0 5 100 99 95 30 162.7 Bromoxynil 5/24 0.25 22.3 2 100 100 86 30 166.7 2,4-D LV ester 5/24 0.25 22.0 2 100 100 91 97 166.8 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.026 22.3 2 100 100 78 30 173.8 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.04 23.0 5 100 100 83 30 171.6 V-23031 + X-77 5/31 0.053 22.3 5 100 100 91 40 168.7 V-23031 + COC 5/31 0.026 22.3 2 100 100 78 33 163.7 Bromoxynil 5/31 0.375 23.0 0 100 100 94 33 169.5 2,4-D LV ester 5/31 0.25 23.6 0 100 100 50 93 172.0 No post 24.6 0 96 70 20 13 171.4 Check 24.3 0 0 0 0 0 98.5 LDS(0.05) 2.0 0. 0 2. 0 7. 0 11.0 9. 0 14.7 X-77 @ 0.25% v/v:A nonionic surfactant from Valent. COC @ 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate, 83% paraffin base petroleum oil rfith 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester. Machlor + atrazine @ 3.0 +0.5 was applied preemergence to all plots except check. ^ay 27 and June 3 ratings taken by observer A; June 21 ratings taken by observer B. 30 Evaluation of V-53482 for weed control in stale seedbed soybeans. Knake, Ellery L. , 3d W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate V-53482 for weed control 1 seedbed soybeans. in 3 ion: i area: . age: Ltype: LpH: design: ling date: .ge: ;lity: DeKalb SW900(3.02) 100 X 150 ft. fair Drummer silty clay loam 5.9 randomized complete block Soybeans May 24, 1990 Moldboard plow Nov 20, 1989; April 24, 1990 120 lb P2Os Nov 17, 1989; 120 lb K20 Nov 13, 1990 Plot size: 10 X 40 Slope: 0 to 1% Organic matter: 5% Replications: 3 Variety: Pioneer Row spacing: 30 inch Seeding rate: 55 lb/A ft, 9202 field cultivator with leveler bar twice ICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: May 24, 1990 er: tractor-mounted er: water cast: yes : 25 30 llant : compressed air rature (F) : 62 1 (4 inch) : 58 all vious week: 0.92 lowing week :0.52 BS PRESENT AT APPLICATION: as: Colq t (inch) : 1 f leaves: 3 28 : Gift t (inch): 1 f leaves: 3 as : Pesw t (inch): 1 to 2 f leaves: 2 to 3 Time: Treatment : Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Sky: Humidity: Soil moisture: Wind (mph) : 8:30 to 9:15 am Knockdown and preemergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 60% overcast 77% moist 9 Wind direction: 141 degrees Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Vele 1.5 2 Tamg 0.5 2 cotyledons Rrpw 0.25 2 1 of the treatments for this study provided very good control of most annual grass and Leaf weed species. Burndown of giant foxtail was provided by clethodim, paraquat or HOE- and residual control was provided by metolachlor. V-53482 appeared to provide both awn and residual control of broadleaf weeds. The higher rate of V-53482 tended to have advantage for control. V-53482 had some advantage over metribuzin, especially for control LI morningglory. In general, the degree of weed control in this study was quite impressive but considerable rainfall contributed to some late season growth of giant foxtail. jgh some effect on soybeans from V-53482 was evident and there was a rate response, the : appeared to be relatively temporary. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, 31 Table 1. Evaluation of V-53482 for weed control in stale seedbed soybeans (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) . Treatment Rate Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw 5/31 5/31 5/31 5/31 5/31 (lb/A) Check Clethodim + V-53482 + metolalchlor + COC Clethodim + v-53482 + metolalchlor + COC V-53482 + meto + glyphosate V-53482 + meto + glyphosate V-53482 + meto + paraquat + X-77 V-53482 + meto + paraquat + X-77 Metribuzin + meto + glyphosate V-53482 + meto + HOE-39866 + COC V-53482 + meto + HOE-39866 + COC 0.094 +0.063 + 2.5 0.094 +0.094 + 2.5 0.063 + 2.5 + 1.0 0.094 + 2.5 + 1.0 0.063 + 2.5 + 0.47 0.094 + 2.5 + 0.47 0.38 + 2.5 + 1.0 0.063 + 2.5 + 0.75- 0.094 + 2.5 + 0.75 LSD(0. 05) - (% Control) - 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 90 90 100 90 90 90 90 100 90 80 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Treatment Rate Rrpw 6/7 Colq 6/7 Vele 6/7 Tamg 6/7 Pesw 6/7 Gift 6/7 (lb/A) (% Control) Check Clethodim + v-53482 + metolalchlor + COC Clethodim + V-53482 + metolalchlor + COC V-53482 + meto + glyphosate V-53482 + meto + glyphosate V-53482 + meto + paraquat + X-77 V-53482 + meto + paraquat + X-77 Metribuzin + meto + glyphosate V-53482 + meto + HOE-39866 + COC V-53482 + meto + HOE-39866 + coc 0.094 +0.063 + 2.5 0.094 +0.094 + 2.5 0.063 + 2.5 + 1.0 0.094 1.0 0.063 0.47 0.094 0.47 0.38 1.0 0.063 0.75 0.094 0.75 LSD(0.05) + 2.5 + + 2.5 + + 2.5 + + 2.5 + + 2.5 + + 2.5 + 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 90 100 90 100 100 90 90 90 90 0 80 90 90 90 90 100 80 90 90 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 0 COC @ 1.0 qt/A.:Crop oil concentrate, with 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. X-77 @ 1.0% v/v:a nonionic surfactant 83% paraffin base petroleum oil from Valent. 32 Table 2. Evaluation of V-53482 for weed control in stale seedbed soybeans (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) . Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw Gift Treatment Rate 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 (lb/A) (%Injury) - - (% Control ) - - Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clethodim + V-53482 0.094 +0.063 + 10 100 100 96 71 99 100 + metolalchlor + COC 2.5 Clethodim + V-53482 0.094 +0.094 + 16 100 100 100 96 100 98 + metolalchlor + COC 2.5 V-53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 10 100 98 95 96 100 98 glyphosate 1.0 V-53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 20 100 100 100 98 100 95 glyphosate 1.0 V-53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 10 100 100 99 98 100 97 paraquat + X-77 0.47 V-53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 20 100 100 100 100 100 97 paraquat + X-77 0.47 Metribuzin + meto + 0.38 + 2.5 + 2 100 100 91 23 100 99 glyphosate 1.0 V-53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 10 100 100 100 96 100 97 HOE-39866 + COC 0.75 V-53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 20 100 100 100 99 100 99 HOE-39866 + coc 0.75 LSD(0, .05) 3 0 1 2 18 0 2 Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw Gift Soybean Treatment Rate 7/19 7/19 7/19 7/19 7/19 7/19 7/19 yield (lb/A) (%Injury) - - (% Control) - - (bu/A) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.1 Clethodim + V-53482 0.094 +0.063 + 0 100 93 83 63 93 80 40.6 + metolalchlor + COC 2.5 Clethodim + V-53482 0.094 +0.094 + 5 100 96 98 78 100 81 43.4 + metolalchlor + COC 2.5 V-53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 0 100 91 86 73 100 73 43.1 glyphosate 1.0 V-53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 0 100 96 96 83 100 73 39.4 glyphosate 1.0 V-53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 0 100 96 86 93 96 73 45.0 paraquat + X-77 0.47 V-53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 5 100 100 93 96 100 73 41.8 paraquat + X-77 0.47 Metribuzin + mete i + 0.38 + 2.5 + 0 100 96 86 0 96 70 46.3 glyphosate 1.0 V-53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 0 100 90 96 63 100 70 43.1 HOE-39866 + COC 0.75 V-53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 0 100 96 91 83 96 78 41.7 HOE-39866 + COC 0.75 LSD(0. 05) 0 0 10 9 17 5 11 5.5 COC @ 1.0 qt/A. : Crop oil concentrate, 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. X-77 @ 1.0% v/v: a nonionic surfactant from Valent. 33 Evaluation of V-23031 combinations for postemerqence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate V-23031 combinations for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Exp. design: Crop: Planting date: Tillage: Fertility: DeKalb SW900(1.21) 80 X 150 ft. fair Drummer silty clay loam 5.9 randomized complete block soybeans May 24, 1990 Plot size: Slope: Organic matter: Replications: Variety: Row spacing: Seeding rate: used moldboard plow Nov 20, 1989;used field cultivate with bar twice Apr 24; disk and harrow twice Apr 25 120 lb P2Os Nov 17, 1989; 120 lb K20 Nov 13, 1990. 10 X 40 ft. 0 to 1% 5% 3 Pioneer 3503 30 inch 55 lb/A HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast: Gal/A: PS I Propellant: Temperature (F) air: soil (4 inch) Rainfall May 30, 1990 tractor-mounted water yes 25 30 compressed air 65 62 previous week: 0.52 following week: 0.47 Time: 11:00 to 11:30 am Treatment : Postemergence Width of spray: 10 feet Nozzle spacing: 20 inch Nozzle height: 20 inch Nozzle type: 8004 Flat Fan Speed (mph) : 3 Sky: 15% overcast Humidity: 34% Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph) : 8 Wind direction: 87 degrees SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Colq 1 4 Gift 1 2 to 3 Pesw 1 to 1.5 3 Soybeans 2 first trifoliolate just emerging Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Vele 1 2 Tamg 0.5 2 cotyledons Rrpw 0.25 2 The 0.75 lb/A rate of trifluralin applied initially was three fourths of the rate recommended for this soil and giant foxtail control was about 75%. With the subsequent application of V-23031, control of redroot pigweed was very good with no significant rate response. V-23031 in addition to the trifluralin provided very good control of common lambsquarters. V-23031 gave good control of velvet leaf. Control of tall morningglory was fair with some rate response. Control of Pennsylvania smartweed was fair with an inverse rate response suggested. Control of broadleaf weeds except tall morningglory was good with bentazon and combining it with V-23031 appeared to have little advantage. Weed control with imazethapyr alone or in combination with V-23031 was quite good and little advantage for the combination was apparent. Good control of eastern black nightshade was noted with V-23031 and/or imazethapyr. V-23031 had a slight temporary effect on the soybeans. (Lept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 34 Table. Evaluation of V-23031 combinations for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw Treatment Rate 6/2 6/2 6/2 6/2 6/2 6/2 (lb/A) (%Injury) - - < % Control) - Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bent + v-23031 + COC 0.5 + 0.026 10 100 90 80 20 70 Bentazon + COC 0.75 0 100 80 60 20 60 V-23031 + COC 0.026 10 100 100 90 20 70 V-23031 + COC 0.053 10 100 100 90 90 60 PPI trifluralin only 0.75 0 100 50 10 20 30 Imep + V-23031 + X-77 0.063 +0. 026 10 100 100 80 30 80 Imazethapyr + X-77 0.063 0 100 100 60 20 80 LSDfO. .05) 0 0 20 10 0 20 Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw Gift Treatment Rate 6/9 6/9 6/9 6/9 6/9 6/9 6/9 (lb/A) (%Injury) - (% Co ntrol) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bent + V-23031 + COC 0.5 + 0.026 10 100 100 90 80 90 63 Bentazon + COC 0.75 0 100 100 90 60 90 67 V-23031 + COC 0.026 20 100 100 80 90 90 67 V-23031 + COC 0.053 20 100 90 90 70 30 67 PPI trifluralin only 0.75 10 100 100 40 60 40 67 Imep + V-23031 + X-77 0.063 +0. 026 10 90 90 70 90 90 80 Imazethapyr + X-77 0.063 10 100 70 80 70 90 77 LSD(0. 05) 0 0 10 10 10 30 8.! 5 Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Tamg Pesw Gift Soybean Treatment Rate 6/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 yield (lb/A) (%Injury) - - (% Control )- - - (bu/A) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.1 Bent + V-23031 + COC 0.5 + 0.026 4 99 91 92 40 98 75 13.9 Bentazon + COC 0.75 0 99 98 94 40 100 75 14.8 V-23031 + COC 0.026 5 100 96 72 66 66 75 19.0 V-23031 + COC 0.053 5 99 93 79 70 81 75 13.4 PPI trifluralin only 0.75 0 99 69 13 56 66 75 20.9 Imep + V-23031 + X-77 0.063 +0. 026 2 100 99 99 86 99 91 45.9 Imazethapyr + x-77 0.063 0 100 99 99 90 99 90 46.9 LSD(0. 05) 1 0 16 19 16 29 1 9.5 Trifluralin - PPI @ 0.75 lb/A on all except check. COC @ 1.0 qt/A: Crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. X-77 @ .25% v/v. : a nonionic surfactant from Valent. 35 Evaluation of V-23031 for late postemerqence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate V-23031 for late postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Exp. design: Crop: Planting date: Tillage: Fertility: DeKalb SW900(1.70) 100 X 150 ft. fair Drummer silty clay loam 5.9 randomized complete block Soybeans May 24, 1990 Plot size: Slope: Organic matters Replications: Variety: Row spacing: Seeding rate: used moldboard plow Nov 20, 1989; used field cultivator with bar twice Apr 24; disk and harrow twice Apr 25 120 lb P2Os Nov 17, 1989; 120 lb K20 Nov 13, 1990. 10 X 40 ft, 0 to 1% 5% 3 Hack 30 inch 55 lb/A FIRST HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast: Gal/A: PS I Propellant : Temperature (F) air: soil (4 inch) : Rainfall previous week: June 15, 1990 tractor-mounted water yes 25 30 compressed air 80 74 1.29 Time: 1:30 to 2:00 pm Treatment: Postemergence Width of spray: 10 feet Nozzle spacing: 20 inch Nozzle height: 20 inch Nozzle type: 8004 Flat Fan Speed (mph) : 3 Sky: 5% overcast Humidity: 55% Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph) : 8 following week: 1.83 Wind direction: 144 degrees SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Soybeans Height (inch) : 7 No. of leaves: 4 trifoliolate Species: Vele Height ( inch) : 6 No. of leaves: 5 SECOND HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: July 2, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast: yes Gal/A: 25 PS I 30 Propellant: compressed air Temperature (F) air: 80 soil (4 inch) : 77 Rainfall previous week: 1.62 Time: 2:50 to 3:20 pm Treatment : Late postemergence Width of spray: 10 feet Nozzle spacing: 20 inch Nozzle height: 20 inch Nozzle type: 8004 Flat Fan Speed (mph) : 3 Sky: 5% overcast Humidity: 60% Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph) : 12 following week: 0.13 Wind direction: 157 degrees SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Soybeans Height (inch): 16 No. of leaves: 7 trif oliolates Species: Vele Height (inch): 12 No. of leaves: 7 36 The 0.75 lb/A rate of trifluralin applied initially was three fourths of the recommended rate for this soil and provided about 75% control of giant foxtail. However a postemergence application of clethodim resulted in excellent control of giant foxtail. V-23031 provided very good control of 6-inch velvetleaf at all rates with slight rate response. Velvetleaf control from split applications was similar to that from a single application. With bentazon, a split application and no apparent advantage over a single application. V-23031 has very good activity on velvetleaf with significant flexibility in time of application, especially if rates are adjusted upward for later applications. In this study, V-23031 provided some control of tall morningglory and also of eastern black nightshade and had an advantage over bentazon for these two species. V-23031 also had an advantage for control of redroot pigweed. Some advantage was also indicated for common lambsquarters although control was only rated fair. Bentazon likely has some advantage for control of Pennsylvania smartweed. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 37 Table 1. Evaluation of V-23031 for late post emergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Soybean Pesw Tamg Vele Colq Rrpw Gift Treatment Rate 6/18 6/18 6/18 6/18 6/18 6/18 6/18 (lb/A) (%lnjury) - - (% Control) - - V-2 3031 + COC 0.026 EP 10 70 90 90 75 83 70 V-23031 + COC 0.053 EP 10 67 87 95 78 97 80 V-23031 + COC 0.079 EP 13 80 87 100 85 100 80 V-23031 + COC/ 0.026 EP/ 7 65 85 90 75 80 75 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP V-23031 + COC/ 0.053 EP/ 10 70 90 95 88 90 80 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP Bentazon + 1.0 EP 10 40 70 75 47 73 70 28% Nitrogen + COC Bent + 28% N. + COC/ 0.5 EP/ 5 40 47 67 23 80 70 bent + 28% N. ^ • COC 0.5 LP PPI trifluralin only 0 20 20 20 20 47 70 PPI trif/ 0 0 20 20 20 47 70 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 2.2 8.8 8.0 4.1 10.5 15.9 2.0 Soybean Pesw Tamg Vele Colq Gift Ebns Treatment Rate 6/25 6/25 6/25 6/25 6/25 6/25 6/25 (lb/A) (%Injury > - - (% Control) - - V-23031 + COC 0.026 EP 2 66 90 99 60 100 50 V-23031 + COC 0.053 EP 5 66 90 95 63 100 80 V-23031 + COC 0.079 EP 20 70 90 100 65 100 90 V-23031 + COC/ 0.026 EP/ 1 60 90 95 65 100 50 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP V-23031 + COC/ 0.053 EP/ 5 86 90 96 60 100 76 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP Bentazon + 1.0 EP 5 93 70 96 50 100 10 28% Nitrogen + COC Bent + 28% N + COC/ 0.5 EP/ 2 85 60 86 20 100 6 bent + 28% N. + COC 0.5 LP PPI trifluralin only 0 30 43 8 36 100 0 PPI trif/ 0 30 43 8 36 100 0 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 0.0 22.0 10.0 5.0 15.0 0.0 6.0 Trifluralin @ 0.75 lb/A PPI on a 11 except untreated che ck, Apri 1 25. COC @ 1.0 qt/A: c rop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base pet roleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 28% urea ammonium nitrate fertil izer solut .ion used at 1 .0 gal/a Early post applied June 15, EP. Late post applied July 2, LP. Applied clethodim 0.1 lb/A + COC @ 1 qt/A to entire area on June 13. • 38 • Table 2. Evaluation of V-23031 for late postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Soybean Pesw Tamg Vele Colq Rrpw Gift Soybean Treatment Rate 7/13 7/13 7/13 7/13 7/13 7/13 7/13 yield (lb/A) (%Injury) - - (% Control) - - (bu/A) V-23031 + COC 0.026 EP 0 43 50 80 63 90 90 34. 0 V-23031 + COC 0.053 EP 0 40 60 88 56 76 96 30.4 V-23031 + COC 0.079 EP 0 40 60 95 40 80 95 36.1 V-23031 + COC/ 0.026 EP/ 10 36 60 90 56 66 96 38.0 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP V-23031 + COC/ 0.053 EP/ 10 46 80 96 73 83 98 38.2 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP Bentazon + 1.0 EP 0 86 46 95 43 60 91 49.7 28% Nitrogen + COC Bent + 28% N. + COC/ 0.5 EP/ 0 93 60 96 43 66 91 42.0 bent + 28% N.+ COC 0.5 LP PPI trifluralin only 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 18.9 PPI trif/ 10 30 40 70 50 50 90 29.0 V-23031 + COC 0.026 LP Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18.0 LSD(C 1.05) 0.0 21.0 14.0 12.0 18.0 14.0 5.0 13.2 Trifluralin @ 0.75 lb/A PPI on all except untreated check, April 25. COC @ 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 28% urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution used at 1.0 gal/A. Early post applied June 15, EP. Late post applied July 2, LP. Applied clethodim 0.1 lb/A + COC @ 1 qt/A to entire area on June 13. 39 No-till soybeans after corn. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The major objective of this study is to evaluate herbicides for weed control in no-till soybeans following corn. This study is located on area SW1900 at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb, Illinois on Drummer silty clay loam and Flanagan silt loam with 5 to 6% organic matter, a pH of 6.3 and 0 to 1% slope. Planting was done May 23, 1990. Pioneer 9303 soybeans were planted in 30 inch rows using 57 lb/A to give 8 plants/ft, A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Application dates, environmental conditions, and growth stages of plants were: June 15, 1990 12:00-12:30 pm post emergence Date Time Treatment Temperature (F) air 63 soil under sod (4 inch) 63 Soil moisture moist Wind (mph) 5 Sky (% overcast) 3 to Relative humidity 61% Rainfall (inch) previous week 1. following week 0. Giant foxtail leaf no. 2 height (inch 0. Velvetleaf leaf no. 1 height (inch) 1 Soybean leaf no. height (inch) May 22, 1990 6:00-7:00 pm knockdown preemergence 5% 03 52 75 76 73 moist 10 5% 67% 1.62 0.13 8 9 4 8 trifoliolates This area had a history of good weed control and not tilling the area may have contributed further to very limited weed pressure in 1990. Metribuzin plus chlorimuron provided very good burndown and residual control of broadleaf weeds. Additional control for grass weeds was provided by pendimethalin or metolachlor. Clethodim appeared to provide both burndown and some residual control of grass weeds. Using metribuzin plus chlorimuron early and following with a postemergence application of quizalofop was one of the most effective treatments. Sulphosate for early burndown followed by a postemergence application of fluazifop-P and fomesafen was also relatively successful. Sethoxydim plus 2,4-D for early burndown followed by sethoxydim plus bentazon and acifluronfen provided good control of grass weeds but only fair control of velvetleaf. Some effect on soybeans was noted from metribuzin plus chlorimuron, fomesafen and from the treatment with 2,4-D. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 40 Table. No-till soybeans after corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Treatment Rate 6/19 -Soybean — 6/29 7/15 Vele 6/19 Vele 6/29 Vele 7/15 (% Injury) (% Control) 0 5 0 98 98 62 0 5 0 96 99 62 0 5 0 98 99 83 0 5 0 98 99 50 0 5 0 98 99 90 0 1 10 85 88 65 (lb/A) Metribuzin fit 0.28 & chlorimuron + COC 0.047 Metr & clim + 0.28 & pendimethalin + COC1.0 Metr fit clim + 0.28 fit metolalchlor + COC 2.5 Metr & clim + 0.28 & clethodim + COC 0.094 Metr & clim + COC/ 0.28 & quizalofop + COC 0.044 Sulphosate/ 0.38/ fluazifop-P & 0.188 & fomesafen + COC 0.25 2,4-D LVE + 0.5 + sethoxydim + Dash/ 0.188/ sethoxydim + 0.188 + bentazon & 0.75 & acifluorfen + Dash 0.17 Check 0.47 + 0.47 + 0.47 + 0.47/ 22 68 77 50 LSD(0.05) 0.0 1.0 2.0 4.1 10.0 18.0 Treatment Rate Gift 6/19 Gift 6/29 Gift 7/15 Rrpw 6/19 Soybean yield (lb/A) Metribuzin & chlorimuron + COC Metr & clim + pendimethalin + Metr & clim + metolalchlor + COC Metr Si clim + clethodim + COC Metr & clim + COC/ quizalofop + COC Sulphosate/ fluazifop-P & fomesafen + COC 2,4-D LVE + sethoxydim + Dash/ sethoxydim + bentazon & acifluorfen + Dash Check 0.28 & 0.047 0.28 fit 0.47 + COC1 . 0 0.28 & 0.47 + 2.5 0.28 fit 0.47 + 0.094 0.28 & 0.47/ 0.044 0.38/ 0.188 & 0.25 0.5 + 0.188/ 0.188 + 0.75 & 0.17 LSD(0.05) 97 99 97 100 99 99 100 (% Control) 97 99 99 99 99 99 99 60 85 81 100 99 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 93 (bu/A) 50.6 50.4 45.7 52.2 49.2 47.1 42.5 3.0 1.0 14.0 4.0 49.3 6.6 COC @ 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate is 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. Dash @ 1.0 qt/A: an adjuvant from BASF. 41 73 moist 10 5% 67% 1.62 0.13 No-till corn after corn. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The major objective of this study is to evaluate herbicides for weed control in no-till corn following corn. This study is located on area SW1900 at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb, Illinois on Drummer silty clay loam and Flanagan silt loam with 5 to 6% organic matter, a pH of 6.3 and 0 to 1% slope. Planting was done May 23, 1990. Pioneer 3503 corn was planted in 30 inch rows using a 28,300 population. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Application dates, environmental conditions, and growth stages of plants were: Date May 22, 1990 June 15, 1990 Time 6:00-7:00 pm 12:00-12:30 pm Treatment knockdown preemergence postemergence Temperature (F) air 63 76 soil under sod 4 inches 63 Soil moisture moist Wind (mph) 5 Sky (% overcast) 3 to 5% Relative humidity 61% Rainfall (inch) previous week 1.03 following week 0.52 Giant foxtail leaf no. 2 height (inch) 0.75 Velvetleaf leaf no. 1 8 height (inch) 1 9 Corn leaf no. 6 height (inch) 18 This area had a good history of weed control and not tilling the area may have contributed further to limited weed pressure in 1990. Nearly all treatments provided very good control of grass weeds. Although early control of velvetleaf was quite good, a postemergence application of 2,4-D plus DPX-V9360 tended to improve mid season control of velvetleaf. Atrazine plus cyanazine (2.0 lb/A +2.0 lb/A) was one of the most effective treatments and would be one of the most economical. All early treatments provided excellent control of alfalfa. These included 2,4-D or dicamba each alone or in combination. The combination of 0.25 lb/A dicamba plus 0.5 lb. A, 2,4-D low volatile ester is considered appropriate and economical with dicamba providing control of some weeds while 2,4-D gives better control of dandelion which is often present. Clopyralid plus 2,4-D also gave excellent control of alfalfa but was not very effective on some other species. Dicamba plus atrazine gave excellent control of alfalfa. We had postulated that alfalfa when killed might provide some mulch or allelopathic effect to help control annual weeds. However there was little evidence of this. An early postemergence application of DPX-V9360 when giant foxtail was 3 inches provided excellent control of giant foxtail, significantly improved control of redroot pigweed, and gave some improvement in control of common lambsquarters and velvetleaf. DPX-V9360 also provided some control of quackgrass which was in scattered clumps. A later postemergence DPX-V9360 application when giant foxtail was 12 inches appeared to be less effective than the earlier application but as a second treatment improved control of quackgrass. Eastern black nightshade was not controlled by most treatments applied before it emerged or by DPX-V9360 postemergence but dicamba plus atrazine did give good control. Some suppression in corn height was attributed primarily to competition from weeds that were not controlled early. For no-till corn in alfalfa sod one approach would be 0.25 lb/A dicamba plus 0.5 lb/A 2,4-D low volatile ester to control alfalfa and also using one or more herbicides for residual or postemergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds. Dicamba plus atrazine appears to have significant potential to control alfalfa and also provide some residual control of annual weeds. Another approach would be to kill the alfalfa and follow with a postemergence application designed to control both broadleaf and grass weeds. (Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 42 Table. No-till corn after corn (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Treatment Rate 6/19 Corn 6/29 7/15 Vele 6/19 Vele 6/29 Vele 7/15 (lb/A) (% Injury) — (% Control) Atrazine + cyanazine 2.0 + 2.0 + COC + 28% N. Glyphosate + 0.38 + metolalchlor & atra 2.0 &1.6 Tridiphane + atra + 1.0 + 1.0 + cyanazine + COC 1.0 Cyan & atra + COC/ 3.0 & 1.0/ DPX-V9360 + 0.047 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 0.25 Dicamba & atra + COC/ 0.47 & 0.92/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 98 98 0 97 82 0 97 97 0 96 97 10 95 0.047 + 0.25 0.25 +0.5/ 0.047 + 0.25 DPX-V9360 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 Bromoxynil + atra/ DPX-V9360 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 Bentazon & atra + COC/0.75 & 0.75/ DPX-V9360 + 0.047 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 0.25 Check LSD(0.05) 10 88 10 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 81 73 83 80 67 70 72 91 82 92 0 0 0 5.0 24.0 27.0 Treatment Rate Gift 6/19 Gift 6/29 Gift 7/15 Rrpw 6/19 Corn yield (lb/A) - % Cont rol - (bu/A) Atrazine + cyanazine 2.0 + 2.0 100 100 100 100 128.0 + COC + 28% N Glyphosate + 0.38 + 100 100 100 100 123.5 metolalchlor & atra 2.0 fie 1.6 Tridiphane + atra + 1.0 + 1.0 + 100 100 100 100 116.5 cyanazine + COC 1.0 Cyan & atra + COC/ 3.0 & 1.0/ 100 99 100 100 125.0 DPX-V9360 + 0.047 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 0.25 Dicamba & atra + COC/ 0.47 & 0.92/ 100 99 100 100 110.2 DPX-V9360 + 0.047 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 0.25 Bromoxynil + atra/ 0.25 +0.5/ 96 99 99 100 109.9 DPX-V9360 + 0.047 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 0.25 Bentazon & atra + COC/0.75 & 0.75/ DPX-V9360 + 0.047 + 2,4-D ester + X-77 0.25 Check LSD(0.05) 96 96 87 100 0 0 0 2.0 2.0 4 .0 0 0.0 105.8 124.8 8.9 COC @ 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate is 83% paraffin base petroleum with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. 28% Nitrogen @ 1.0 gal/A: 28% ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution. X-77 @ 0.25% v/v: a nonionic surfactant from Valent. oil 43 Determination of soil residual activity of postemerqence herbicides. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The primary objective of this study was to determine to what extent some postemergence herbicides might have soil activity to help control subsequent weed growth. The study was established in 1990 at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb on area 1100S with primarily Drummer silty clay loam and some Flanagan silt loam, 4 to 5% organic matter, a pH of 5.9, and a 0 to 2% slope. The field had been in soybeans the previous year. No fertilizer was applied in 1990. Tillage consisted of using a field cultivator with bar twice on April 24. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Giant foxtail and shattercane were seeded in individual strips with a Brillion seeder on April 26. Herbicide treatments were broadcast May 23 between 12 noon and 1:00 pm with a tractor mounted compressed air spray unit using flat fan 8004 nozzle tips, 30 psi pressure, and 3 mph to give 25 gal/A. Treatments 1 through 13 were watered May 24 to give the equivalent of 0.5 inch of rain. Treatments 14 through 16 were watered May 27, four days after herbicide application. On May 30, 0.25 lb/A paraquat and X-77 surfactant at 0.25% v/v was applied to the plot area which had the April 26, seeding to control all vegetation so evaluation would reflect the residual soil activity of the herbicides on subsequent growth. A second watering of plots with treatments 1 through 16 was made June 31 to give 0.5 inch of water uniformly applied. Since there was rather frequent rainfall during the remainder of the study, no further watering was done. In a second section of the same plots where the herbicides were applied May 23, paraquat at 0.5 lb/A plus X-77 surfactant at 0.25% v/v was applied June 6 to control all vegetation. This area was then seeded June 7. Giant foxtail and shattercane were seeded with a Brillion seeder. A four row planter was then used to plant Pioneer 3377 corn, Funks G522A grain sorghum, Ogle oats, and shattercane. A large celled plate was used for the oats and a sorghum plate for the shattercane. Planting depth was 1 to 1.5 inches with the planter. The area was disked very lightly using the disks of a grain drill, followed by the use of a spike tooth harrow to give minimal seedbed preparation and minimal disturbance of the herbicide in the soil. On June 19, the entire plot was sprayed with 1.0 lb/A bentazon plus 0.2 lb/A 2,4-DB dimethylamine salt to provide further control of broadleaf weeds. In addition to treatments 1 through 16, treatments 17 through 2 5 were treated in the same manner except no watering was done. Ratings were made as indicated in the tables, and indicate height suppression as well as number of plants controlled. The May 30, ratings indicate initial postemergence control. Subsequent ratings indicate residual control of subsequent growth. Other studies have indicated some residual activity of clethodim under certain conditions. In 1989, significant control of sorghum species was noted at this same location with relatively moist conditions. In 1990, at this same location, soil activity of clethodim was noted on several grass species other than barnyardgrass. Some soil activity has also been noted previously with sethoxydim. Under the conditions of this study some soil residual activity was noted primarily as height suppression but the degree of activity was rather limited for sethoxydim, fluazifop-P, and quizalofop. The degree of activity appeared to be of little practical significance. Although soil residual activity for clethodim has been noted, the degree of activity appears to be quite variable and the conditions conducive to such activity have not been thoroughly elucidated. DPX-V9360 and CGA-136872 displayed some soil activity with greater effect from CGA-136872 than from DPX-V9360. Greatest soil residual activity was evident with haloxyfop; the practical significance of this would depend on rate, price, registration for use, and availability. A compound that provides both "burndown" and residual activity would be useful in no-till crop production. It could also be significant for extending activity to control weeds from seeds germinating subsequent to postemergence applications. For some treatments the later ratings indicate better control than the early ratings because the early ratings primarily reflect emergence while some of the later ratings primarily reflect suppression of growth. Although some treatments allowed emergence, suppression of growth was noted later. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 44 Table 1. Determination of soil residual activity of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). First seed: Lng Sec ond seed Lng Gift Gift Gift Gift Gift Bygr Treatment Rate 5-30 6-18 7-19 6-18 7-19 6-18 (lb/A) Control) - (* Clethodim + COC 0.078 93 0 23 10 13 0 Clethodim + COC 0.094 93 0 40 20 26 0 Clethodim + COC 0.125 96 0 43 23 33 10 Quizalofop + COC 0.065 83 0 0 0 23 0 Quizalofop + COC 0.0875 97 0 16 0 30 0 Quizalofop + COC 0.1 93 0 16 10 36 10 Fluazifop-P + COC 0.094 93 0 20 0 16 0 Fluazifop-P + COC 0.1875 93 0 23 0 26 0 Fluazifop-P + COC 0.25 97 0 36 0 46 0 Sethoxydim + COC 0.094 94 0 30 0 26 0 Sethoxydim + COC 0.1875 97 0 46 7 33 0 Sethoxydim + COC 0.375 100 0 56 0 46 0 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clethodim + COC 0.078 93 0 43 0 20 0 Clethodim + COC 0.094 95 0 50 3 36 0 Clethodim + COC 0.125 96 0 63 7 56 0 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.031 93 60 46 20 23 10 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.047 96 80 66 30 40 20 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.0625 98 96 70 40 60 30 CGA-136872 + COC 0.018 88 60 33 10 50 10 CGA-136872 + COC 0.024 92 80 63 20 63 30 CGA-136872 + COC 0.036 93 96 73 40 73 50 Haloxyfop + COC 0.1 96 60 70 63 60 70 Haloxyfop + COC 0.2 100 100 90 100 76 80 Haloxyfop + COC 0.3 99 100 92 100 86 90 LSD 6.6 2.0 18.0 8.9 15.0 1.0 First seeding was planted on April 26. Second seeding was planted on June 7. Shea — p means shattercane planted with a four row planter as opposed to that planted with the Brillion seeder. COC @ 1 qt/A with each treatment: Crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 45 Table 2. Determination of soil residual activity of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). — First seed Lng — — Second seeding — -Second seeding- planter Shea Shea Shea Shea Shea Shea — p Shca — p Treatment Rate 5-30 6-18 7-19 6-18 7-19 6-18 7-19 (lb/A) (% Control) Clethodim + COC 0.078 99 0 16 10 13 10 26 Clethodim + COC 0.094 97 0 26 23 20 20 33 Clethodim + COC 0.125 99 50 30 53 30 40 40 Quizalofop + COC 0.065 99 0 20 0 20 3 16 Quizalofop + COC 0.0875 100 0 26 3 40 13 20 Quizalofop + COC 0.1 100 0 33 17 46 23 33 Fluazifop-P + COC 0.094 98 0 0 10 10 6 23 Fluazifop-P + COC 0.1875 98 0 23 20 26 16 26 Fluazifop-P + COC 0.25 97 0 33 30 33 26 33 Sethoxydim + COC 0.094 93 0 10 23 16 20 25 Sethoxydim + COC 0.1875 93 0 26 40 23 36 30 Sethoxydim + COC 0.375 98 0 26 57 26 60 33 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clethodim + COC 0.078 99 0 0 13 10 20 30 Clethodim + COC 0.094 100 0 0 23 26 36 36 Clethodim + COC 0.125 100 0 13 40 36 56 50 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.031 95 60 30 43 20 40 25 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.047 95 80 33 63 30 63 50 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.063 98 90 46 80 50 80 70 CGA-136872 + COC 0.018 92 60 53 43 23 40 35 CGA-136872 + COC 0.024 95 80 66 60 56 63 50 CGA-136872 + COC 0.036 96 100 76 80 70 83 70 Haloxyfop + COC 0.1 100 60 73 77 50 70 55 Haloxyfop + COC 0.2 99 100 90 87 73 80 75 Haloxyfop + COC 0.3 100 100 100 93 91 90 80 LSD 3.4 0.0 12.0 11.0 14.0 8.0 12.0 First seeding was planted on April 26. Second seeding was planted on June 7. Shea — p means shattercane planted with a four row planter as opposed to that planted with the Brillion seeder. COC @ 1 qt/A with each treatment: Crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% insert. 46 Table 3. Determination of soil residual activity of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Second seeding Corn Corn Sorghum Sorghum Oats Oats 6-18 7-19 6-18 7-19 6-18 7/19 (lb/A) Clethodim + COC 0.078 Clethodim + COC 0.094 Clethodim + COC 0.125 Quizalofop + COC 0.065 Quizalofop + COC 0.0875 Quizalofop + COC 0. Fluazifop-P + COC 0. Fluazifop-P + COC 0. Fluazifop-P + COC 0. Sethoxydim + COC 0. Sethoxydim + COC 0. Sethoxydim + COC 0. check Clethodim + COC 0.078 Clethodim + COC 0.094 Clethodim + COC 0.12 5 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.031 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.047 DPX-V9360 + COC 0.063 CGA-136872 + COC 0.018 CGA-136872 + COC 0.024 CGA-136872 + COC 0.036 Haloxyfop + COC 0.1 Haloxyfop + COC 0.2 Haloxyfop + COC 0.3 1 094 1875 25 094 1875 375 10 20 37 17 7 12 5 12 12 0 7 3 0 10 20 30 0 3 0 0 3 3 17 30 47 3 6 6 0 0 0 16 20 36 6 16 40 0 13 20 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 25 30 ■(* Control )- 10 6 20 6 40 6 3 0 12 0 23 0 3 0 17 10 23 20 2 6 7 16 8 20 0 0 10 10 20 20 33 23 13 0 30 0 30 0 23 20 43 50 63 60 23 25 53 40 73 60 10 20 40 3 17 30 2 8 12 10 20 30 0 10 20 33 13 23 30 10 23 33 17 37 60 20 30 33 10 20 33 10 23 26 16 40 66 0 30 43 60 16 20 25 20 40 60 35 50 70 LSD 12.8 14.0 8.6 8.0 9.9 14.0 First seeding was planted on April 26. Second seeding was planted on June 7. Shea — p means shattercane planted with a four row planter as opposed to that planted with the Brillion seeder. COC @ 1 qt/A with each treatment: Crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 47 Effect of time of application on efficacy of sethoxvdim. Knake, Ellery L., Scott C. Stein, Ronald W. Heisner and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to determine the influence of time of application during a 24 hour period on effectiveness of sethoxydim. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Exp. design: Crop: Planting date: Tillage: Fertility: DeKalb 1100S 45 X 150 ft. fair Flanagan silt loam 5.9 randomized complete block soybeans April 27, 1990 used field cultivator with leveling bar twice on Apr 24, 120 lb P2Os Nov 18, 1989; 120 lb K2Q Nov 9, 1989. Plot size: 5 X 50 ft Slope: 0 to 1% Organic matter: 5% Replications: 3 Variety: Hack Row spacing 30 inch Seeding rate: 55 lb/A HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast: Gal/A: PSI Propellant : Rainfall previous week: 0.52 following week: 0.89 Time: Treatment: Sky: Soil moisture: Wind direction: Wind speed (mph) Temperature (F) air: soil (4 inch) Humidity: Rainfall (inch) May 31, 1990 OSU bicycle water yes 25 30 compressed air 6:00 am post emergence clear moist 109 degrees 2 48 59 85% Previous week: 0. Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : 5 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 12:00 noon post emergence clear moist 122 degrees 9 6:00 pm post emergence 30% overcast moist 139 degrees 13 52 70 74 62 68 34% 20% Following week: 0.89 12:00 midnight postemergence 100% overcast moist 125 degrees 7 62 65 68% SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Soybean Height (inch): 2 to 2.5 No. of leaves: 2 unifoliolates Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Gift 2 to 2.5 4 to 5 Thifensulfuron was broadcast on the entire area at 0.004 lb/A a.i. with 0.125% v/v of X-77, a nonionic surfactant from Valent, on June 13 to control Colq present. Although results are not considered conclusive, the 6:00 PM application appeared to be more effective than the 6:00 AM or noon applications and application at midnight appeared to be most effective. Decreased degradation of the herbicide by light and perhaps more moisture during the evening hours may offer a possible explanation. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 48 Table. Effect of time of application on efficacy of sethoxydim (Knake, Stein, Heisner, and Paul) . Time Gift Soybean of 6/14 yield Treatment Rate Application control (lb/A) (%) (bu/A) Sethoxydim 0 . 094 6 AM 80 12.2 Sethoxydim 0. 188 6 AM 90 11.5 Sethoxydim 0.094 NOON 83 10.3 Sethoxydim 0. 188 NOON 91 12.1 Sethoxydim 0.094 6 PM 86 11.5 Sethoxydim 0. 188 6 PM 95 16.8 Sethoxydim 0.094 MIDNIGHT 96 13.4 Sethoxydim 0. 188 MIDNIGHT 100 12.6 Check 0 6.1 LSD(0.05) 3 3.7 1 qt/A COC used with each treatment: crop oil concentrate was 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. 49 Evaluation of lactofen combinations. Knake, Ellery L. , Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate lactofen in combination with bentazon, chlorimuron, and thifensulf uron for postemergence weed control. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Exp. design: Crop: Planting date: Tillage: Fertility: DeKalb 1100N(1:02) 110 X 150 ft fair Flanagan silt loam 5.9 randomized complete block soybeans April 27, 1990 field cultivator with leveling bar twice on Apr 24. 120 lb P2Q5 Nov 18, 1989; 120 lb K2Q Nov 9, 1989. Plot size: 10 X 35 Slope: 0 to 1% Organic matter: 5% Replications : 3 Variety: Hack Row spacing: 30 inch Seeding rate: 55 lb/A FIRST HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast: Gal/A: PSI Propel 1 ant : Temperature (F) air: soil (4 inch) : Rainfall previous week: May 31, 1990 tractor-mounted water yes 25 30 compressed air 62 59 0.52 following week: 0.89 Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Sky: Humidity: Soil moisture: Wind (mph) : Wind direction: 9:30 to 10:30 am postemergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 clear 35% moist 12 92 degrees SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Species: Height (inch): No. of leaves: Soybeans 2.5 2 unifoliolates Colq 1 6 Rrpw 0.25 4 Yens 3 4 Species: Gift Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 2 to Species: Lacg Height (inch): 0.25 No. of leaves: 2 Species: Vele Height (inch): 0.5 No. of leaves: 2 Species: Pesw Height (inch): 0.75 No. of leaves: 3 50 SECOND HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: at 0.094 lb/A plus 1 qt COC. Sprayed clethodim on entire area except for checks Date: June 6, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast: yes Gal/A: 25 PSI 30 Propel lant: compressed air Temperature (F) air: 76 soil (4 inch) : 63 Rainfall previous week: 0.47 following week :0.62 SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Soybeans Height ( inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 2 trifoliolates Species: Colq Height ( inch) : 1.5 No. of leaves: 6 to 7 Species: Rrpw Height ( inch) : 0.5 No. of leaves: 4 Time: Treatment : Width of spray: Nozzle spacing; Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : 2:15 to 3:00 pm late postemergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 Sky: 20% overcast Humidity: 32 Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph) : 6 Wind direction : 231 degrees Species : Gift Height ( inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 4 Species : Yens Height ( inch) : 5 No. of leaves: 8 Species: Vele Height ( inch) : 1.25 No. of leaves: 3 to 4 Weed control was quite good from essentially all treatments with the clethodim treatment helping to achieve excellent control of giant foxtail. Control of redroot pigweed and velvet leaf control was excellent. Although there was potential for differences in degree of common lambsquarters control, there appeared to be little or no difference due to lactofen rate, type of adjuvant or addition of chlorimuron or thifensulfuron. Some effect on soybeans was attributed primarily to lactofen and this tended to increase with rate but there was little evidence of influence from other herbicides or type of adjuvant. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 51 Table 1. Evaluation of lactofen combinations (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Gift Treatment Rate 6/14 6/14 6/14 6/14 6/14 (lb/A) Lactofen + COC 0.2 Lact + 28% N. + X-77 0.2 Lact + bentazon + 0.15+0.5 COC Lact + bentazon + 0.15+0.5 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Lact + chlorimuron + 0.15 + 0.006 X-77 Lact + chlorimuron 0.15 + 0.006 10 100 90 100 100 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron+ 0.15 + 0.004 X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron + 0.15 + 0.004 28% Nitrogen + x-77 Lact + thifensulfuron + 0.2 + 0.002 X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron + 0.2 + 0.002 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Check LSD(0.05) (%Inju ry) — (% Control )- 20 100 90 100 100 10 100 80 90 90 10 100 90 100 100 10 100 90 100 100 10 100 80 100 100 10 100 90 100 100 10 100 100 100 90 10 100 90 100 100 20 100 90 100 100 20 100 90 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 lb/A) (%Injury) — (% Control )- 0.2 20 100 90 100 100 0.2 10 100 90 100 100 0.15 + 0.5 10 100 90 100 100 0.15 + 0.5 10 100 90 100 90 0.15 + 0.006 10 100 80 100 100 0.15 + 0.006 10 100 90 100 100 0.15 + 0.004 10 100 90 100 90 0.15 + 0.004 10 100 90 100 100 0.2 + 0.002 10 100 90 100 100 0.2 + 0.002 10 100 90 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05> 0 0 0 0 0 Table 2. Evaluation of lactofen combinations (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Gift Treatment Rate 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 6/21 Lactofen + COC Lact + 28% N. + X-77 Lact + bentazon + COC Lact + bentazon + 28% Nitrogen + x-77 Lact + chlorimuron + X-77 Lact + chlorimuron + 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron + X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron + 28% Nitrogen + x-77 Lact + thifensulfuron + X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron + 28% Nitrogen + x-77 Check 52 Table 3. Evaluation of lactofen combinations (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Treatment Rate Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Gift Soybean 6/28 6/28 6/28 6/28 6/28 yield (lb/A) 0.2 0.2 0.15 + 0.5 0.15 + 0.5 Lactofen + COC Lact + 28% N. + X-77 Lact + bentazon + COC Lact + bentazon + 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Lact + chlorimuron + 0.15 + 0.006 X-77 Lact + chlorimuron + 0.15 + 0.006 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron+ 0.15 + 0.004 X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron+ 0.15 + 0.004 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron+ 0.2 + 0.002 X-77 Lact + thifensulfuron+ 0.2 + 0.002 28% Nitrogen + X-77 Check LSD(0.05) (%Inju ry) — (% Control )- 10 100 90 100 100 0 100 90 100 100 10 100 90 100 100 0 100 90 100 90 0 100 80 100 100 0 100 90 100 100 0 100 90 100 90 10 100 90 100 100 0 100 90 100 100 10 0 0 100 0 0 90 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 1 (bu/A) 36.4 37.6 39.0 42.6 35.2 40.3 38.4 43.7 40.6 40.6 22.7 18.6 COC @ 1.0 pt/A: Crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 28% urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution at 1.0 gal/A. X-77 @ 0.25% v/v, a nonionic surfactant from Valent. 53 Evaluation of lactofen postemergence following preplant incorporated herbicides. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate lactofen postemergence applications following preplant incorporated applications of clomazone and trifluralin plus clomazone. Location: DeKalb 1100N(1:07) Total area: 50 X 150 ft Drainage: fair Soil type: Flanagan silt loam Soil pH: 5.9 Exp. design: randomized complete block Crop: soybeans Planting date: April 27, 1990 Tillage: used field cultivator wit herbicide, Apr 24. Fertility: 120 lb P2Os Nov 18, 1989; FIRST HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: April 25, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast /band: broadcast Gal/A: 25 PS I 30 Propellant: compressed air Temperature (F) air: 71 soil (4 inch) : 58 Rainfall previous week: 0.45 Plot size: Slope: Organic matter; Replications: Variety: Row spacing: Seeding rate: 10 X 35 ft 0 to 1% 5% 3 Hack 30 inch 55 lb/A Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Wind direction: Wind (mph) : Humidity: Soil moisture: 7:30 to 8:00 am preplant incorporated 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 215 degrees 16 89 moist following week:0.21 SECOND HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: June 6, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast /band: broadcast Gal/A: 25 PSI 30 Propellant: compressed air Temperature (F) air: 76 soil (4 inch) : 63 Rainfall previous week: 0.47 following week: 0.62 Time: Treatment : Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Sky (overcast): Humidity: Soil moisture: Wind (mph) : Wind direction: 2:00 to 2:15 pm postemergence 10 feet 20 inch 20 inch 8004 Flat Fan 3 20 32 moist 6 231 degrees SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Soybeans Height ( inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 2 trifoliolates Species: Colq Height ( inch) : 1.5 No. of leaves: 6 to 7 Species: Rrpw Height (inch) : 0.5 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Gift Height ( inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Yens Height ( inch) : 5 No. of leaves: 8 Species: Vele Height (inch): 1.25 No. of leaves: 3 to 54 All treatments with clomazone alone or combined with trifluralin and followed by a postemergence application of lactofen provided excellent control of giant foxtail, redroot pigweed and veletleaf. Control of common lambsquarters was very good. There appears to be little or no advantage for increasing the rate of lactofen. Either trifluralin at a reduced rate or clomazone at a reduced rate followed by lactofen provided excellent weed control and there appeared to be little or no advantage for treatments with all three herbicides compared to only two. Either trifluralin or clomazone could likely enhance control of common lambsquarters that lactofen might be weak on. Although some crop injury was noted, soybeans appeared to outgrow the injury relatively well. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana) . 55 Table. Evaluation of lactofen postemergence following preplant incorporated herbicides (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Soybean 6/14 Rrpw 6/14 Colq 6/14 Vele 6/14 Gift 6/14 Clomazone / Lactofen + COC Clomazone / Lactofen + Clomazone & Lactofen + Clomazone & Lactofen + COC Trifluralin / Lactofen + COC COC trifluralin / COC (lb/A) 0.75 / 0.15 0.75 / 0.2 0.66 & 0.15 (%Injury) - (% Control) 0.49 / trifluralin / 0.66 & 0.49 / Treatment 0.2 0.75 / 0.2 LSD(0.05) 30 35 35 37 37 0.0 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 96 95 98 100 100 100 100 100 97 100 100 100 100 0.0 3.0 0.0 2.0 Rate Soybean 6/20 Rrpw 6/20 Colq 6/20 Vele 6/20 Gift 6/20 Clomazone / Lactofen + Clomazone / Lactofen + Clomazone & Lactofen + Clomazone & Lactofen + Trifluralin / Lactofen + COC COC COC trifluralin / COC trifluralin / COC (lb/A) 0.75 / 0.15 0.75 / 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2 66 15 66 2 75 2 0.49 / 0.49 / (%Injury) 10 10 10 10 10 (% Control) 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 98 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 99 99 99 LSD(0.05) 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 4.0 Treatment Rate Soybean Rrpw Colq Vele Gift Soybean 6/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 yield (lb/A) (%lnjury ) " (% Control) - (bu/A) Clomazone / 0.75 / 0 100 93 100 96 32 .4 Lactofen + COC 0.15 Clomazone / 0.75 / 3 100 97 100 96 41 .3 Lactofen + COC 0.2 Clomazone & trif lural in / 0.66 & 0.49 / 5 100 93 100 99 39.6 Lactofen + COC 0.15 Clomazone & trif lural in / 0.66 & 0.49 / 6 100 93 100 99 40.6 Lactofen + COC 0.2 Trifluralin / 0.75 / 7 100 90 100 96 40.4 Lactofen + COC 0.2 LSDfC .05) 2. 0 0.0 6. 0 0.0 7.0 6 .0 COC @ 1.0 pt/A: crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 56 Thifensulfuron combinations for broadleaf weed control postemerqence in soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The major objective of this study was to evaluate combinations of thifensulfuron in combination with other herbicides for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. This study was located on area 1400N(CTR) at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb, Illinois on Drummer silty clay loam with 5 to 6% organic matter, a pH of 6.3 and 0 to 1% slope. This area was moldboard plowed on November 22, 1989 and a field cultivator with a bar used three times on April 17, 18 and May 8. Planting was done May 8, 1990. Limestone at 2000 lb/A was applied Nov. 11, 1989. P2Os was applied at 242 lb/A Nov. 11, 1989 and 165 lb/A K20 was applied Nov. 9, 1989. Pioneer 9272 soybeans were planted in 30 inch rows using 55 lb/A to give 8 plants/ft. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Sethoxydim (Poast Plus formulation), fluazifop-P, quizalofop, and clethodim were applied, each in 10 ft strips, in each replication in the opposite direction as the herbicides for broadleaf weed control. Respective rates were 0.188, 0.188, 0.0875, and 0.094 lb/A. Degree of giant foxtail control was very similar for these four herbicides so only the mean of the four is reported. Common lambquarters was the predominant weed species. Since evaluation of thifensulfuron for common lambquarters control was the major interest, only the ratings for this species are reported. Application dates, environmental conditions, and growth stages of plants were: Date Time Treatment Temperature air soil under sod 4 inches Soil moisture moist June 5, 1990 8:00 to 9:15 am postemergence (F) 52.6 57.5 Wind (mph) 7.0 Sky (% overcast) 100% Relative humidity 92.9% Rainfall (inch) previous week 0.47 following week 0.84 Redroot pigweed height (inch) 0.25 leaf number 2 Giant foxtail height (inch) 1.5 leaf number 4 Eastern black nightshade height (inch) 1 leaf number 4 Velvetleaf height (inch) 0.5 leaf number 1 Pennsylvania smartweed height (inch) 2 leaf number 5 Common lambsquarters height (inch) leaf number Soybeans height (inch) leaf number 0.5 4 first trifoliolate just unfolding Lactofen caused some early injury to soybeans. Acifluorfen caused a little injury and a reduced rate combined with bentazon caused less. Fomesafen and chlorimuron caused only slight soybean injury. However, soybeans quickly outgrew the early season symptoms of injury. Imazethapyr and chlorimuron appeared to have some antagonistic effect on control of giant foxtail. This also appeared to be true for bentazon and thifensulfuron but to a lesser extent. Thifensulfuron in combination with some other herbicides tended to improve control of common lambsquarters. However thifensulfuron alone or in combination with chlorimuron did not control common lambsquarters as well as anticipated. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana) . 57 Table. Thif ensulf uron combinations for broadleaf weed control postemergence in soybeans (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Soybean 6/14 Gift 6/14 Colq 6/14 Soybean yield (lb/A) (%Injury) -(% Control)- (bu/A) Bentazon 0.75 0 Bentazon + 0.75 + 0 thif ensulf uron 0.004 Acif luorfen 0.5 5 Acifluorfen + 0.5 + 5 thif ensulf uron 0.004 Bent & acif 0.75 & 0.168 2 Bent & acif + 0.75 & 0.168 + 2 thif ensulf uron 0.004 Lactofen 0.2 15 Lactofen + 0.2 + 15 thif ensulf uron 0.004 Fomesafen 0.25 1 Fomesafen + 0.25 + 1 thif ensulf uron 0.004 Imazethapyr 0.063 0 Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 0 thif ensulf uron 0.004 Chlorimuron 0.008 1 Chlorimuron + 0.004 + 1 thif ensulf uron 0.004 Thif ensulf uron 0.004 0 Check-herbicide for control of 0 grass weeds only. LSD(0.05) o.c 91 94 90 95 99 93 99 97 96 94 96 97 100 93 99 99 100 85 100 93 80 56 70 86 80 30 70 33 90 30 98 0 4.0 15.0 44.9 38.5 50.0 49.9 46.5 44.0 33.5 39.0 50.5 52.5 52.0 51.8 39.2 42.8 38.1 29.4 9.8 X-77 @ 0.25% v/v with each treatment; a nonionic surfactant from Valent. No-till corn in alfalfa sod. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The major objective of this study was to evaluate herbicides for control of alfalfa and weeds for no-till corn. This study was located on area 1400N(E) at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb, Illinois on Drummer silty clay loam with 5 to 6% organic matter, a pH of 6.3 and 0 to 1% slope. No tillage was done. Limestone at 2000 lb/A was applied Nov. 22, 1989. 180 lb/A nitrogen applied as NH,N03 was applied on April 27, 1990. At 242 lb/A P2Os was applied on Nov. 18, 1989. At 165 lb/A K20 was applied on Nov. 9, 1989. Pioneer 3475 corn was planted April 24, 1990 in 30 inch rows for a population of 28,300 plants/A. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Application dates, environmental conditions, and growth stages of plants were: May 31 9:00 to 9:30 am early postemergence Date Time Treatment Temperature (F) air soil under sod (4 inch) Soil moisture Wind (mph) Sky (% overcast) Relative humidity Rainfall (inch) previous week following week Alfalfa height (inch) 3 Corn height (inch) leaf number Giant foxtail height (inch) leaf number Velvetleaf height (inch) leaf number Pennsylvania smartweed height (inch) leaf number Common lambsquarters height (inch) leaf number Yellow nutsedge height (inch) leaf number Quackgrass height leaf number Redroot pigweed height leaf number Eastern black night shade height leaf number Fall panicum height leaf number April 24 9:45 to 10:15 am knock-down June 15 9:30 to 9:45 am late postemergence 77 58 moist 17 10% and hazy 71% 0.45 0.21 65 59 moist 12 clear 35% 0.52 0.89 9 extended with 2 tillers 5, 4 3 3 2 4 2 13 2.! 6 3 5 16, 24 extended 6 on main culm 0.5 2 1 4 74 69 moist 11 clear 61% 1.29 1.85 18, 6 24 extended 12, 15 extended 4 with 5 tillers 18 many 10, 14 extended 4 on main culm 59 Table 1. No-till corn in alfalfa sod (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Corn Gift Rrpw Colq Vele Alfalfa Qugr Ebns Treatment Rate 6/14 6/14 6/14 6/14 6/14 6/14 6/14 6/14 (lb/A) (%Injur y) - - (% Control) - - - Knockdown and early post 2,4-D LVE/ 1.0/ 0 99 100 20 73 98 50 0 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ Dicamba/ 0.5/ 0 100 100 89 82 100 50 10 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ Dicamba + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 0.5 / 0 100 100 57 94 100 50 30 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ Dicamba + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 1.0/ 0 100 100 60 70 100 50 30 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ Dicamba & atrazine/ 0.47 & 0.92/ 0 100 100 100 91 100 60 100 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ Clopyralid + 2,4- ■D/ 0.063 + 0.5/ 0 99 100 70 87 100 35 0 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ LSD(0.05) 0.0 8.0 0.0 23.9 17.8 1.7 6.1 20.0 Knockdown 2,4-D LVE 1.0 0 0 53 10 10 98 0 0 Dicamba 0.5 0 10 75 70 57 100 0 0 Dicamba + 2,4-D 0.25 + 0.5 0 0 55 20 40 100 0 0 Dicamba + 2,4-D 0.25 + 1.0 0 0 75 23 50 100 0 0 Dicamba & atrazine 0.47 & 0.92 0 50 75 100 65 100 0 100 Clopyralid + 2,4- ■D 0.063 + 0.5 0 0 10 10 10 100 0 0 LSDf0.05) 0.0 10.0 48.0 17.0 24.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 First application, knockdown, applied April 24; second application, early post, applied May 31. X-77 @ 0.25% v/v: a nonionic surfactant from Valent was used with all DPX-V9360 applications. 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 60 Table 2. No-till corn in alfalfa sod (Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Corn Gift Rrpw Colq Vele Alfalfa Qugr Ebns Corn Treatment Rate 7/6 7/6 7/6 7/6 7/6 7/6 7/6 7/6 yield (lb/A) ( Height) - (% Control ) (bu/A) ( inch] 1 Knockdown, early post, and late post application 60 73 98 80 0 2,4-D LVE/ 1.0/ 49.0 99 100 169.1 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ DPX-V9360 0.047 Dicamba/ 0.5/ 48.3 99 100 89 84 100 78 10 179.0 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ DPX-V9360 0.047 Dicamba + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 0.5/ 48.5 100 100 68 90 100 80 0 176.5 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ DPX-V9360 0.047 Dicamba + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 1.0/ 48.0 100 100 70 80 100 80 10 192.8 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ DPX-V9360 0.047 Dicamba & atrazine/ 0.47 & 0.92/ 53.0 100 100 100 89 100 83 100 183.9 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ DPX-V9360 0.047 Clopyralid + 2,4-D/ 0.063 + 0.5/ 47.8 99 100 80 73 100 65 0 176.0 DPX-V9360/ 0.047/ DPX-V9360 0.047 Mean 179.5 LSD(0.05) 2.5 .9 0.0 20.3 16.7 1.7 18. 5 20.0 Knockdown and late post application 2,4-D LVE/ 1.0/ 39.5 70 100 23 20 98 13 0 149.2 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Dicamba/ 0.5/ 39.3 80 100 53 60 100 18 0 147.5 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Dicamba + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 0.5/ 40.3 81 100 33 43 100 13 0 151.7 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Dicamba + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 1.0/ 41.0 88 98 58 50 100 15 0 156.7 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Dicamba & atrazine/ 0.47 & 0.92/ 50.5 98 100 100 79 100 23 100 174.9 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Clopyralid + 2,4-D/ 0.063 + 0.5/ 37.0 63 100 38 38 100 8 0 141.0 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Mean 153.5 LSD(0.05) 5.4 18.8 3.0 19.4 19.0 1.7 7. 3 0.0 10.7* First application, knockdown, applied April 24; second application, early post, applied May 31; third application, late post, applied June 15. X-77 @ 0.25% v/v: a nonionic surfactant from Valent was used with all DPX-V9360 applications. 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. * LSD (0.05) for comparison of all twelve treatment means for yield. 61 Time and method of herbicide application for a reduced tillage cropping sequence. Knake Ellery L. , Larry D. Wesley, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The major objective of this study is to compare preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence, and postemergence applications for weed control in corn, soybeans, and alfalfa with various tillage systems. This long term study is located on area 1400S at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb, Illinois on Drummer silty clay loam with 5 to 6% organic matter, a pH of 6.0 and 0 to 1% slope. The study has a corn, soybean, corn, soybean, alfalfa/clover rotation. For soybeans following corn, no-till is compared with low-till consisting of two diskings after corn. For corn, disking soybean stubble twice is compared with no-till corn after alfalfa. All tillage and seeding was done April 24, 1990. At 180 lb/A nitrogen was applied as NH,N03 to the corn on April 27, 1990. No fertilizer was applied to soybeans or alfalfa. Pioneer 3475 corn was planted in 30 inch rows for a population of 28,300 plants/A. Hack soybeans were planted in 30 inch rows using 60 lb/A to give 8 plants/ft. Vernal alfalfa was seeded at 15 lb/A with a Brillion seeder. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Application dates, environmental conditions, and growth stages of plants were: Date Time Treatment Temperature (F) air soil under sod 4 inches Soil moisture Wind (mph) Sky (% overcast) Relative humidity Rainfall previous week following week Giant foxtail April 24 10:30 to 11:00 am preplant incorporated 80 59 moist 18 10% and hazy 58% April 24 5:30 to 6:30 pm preemergence 82 Velvetleaf 0.45 0.21 height (inch) leaf number height (inch) leaf number Common lambsquarters height (inch) leaf number PA smartweed height (inch) leaf number Common ragweed height (inch) leaf number 64 moist 19 10% and hazy 46% 0.45 0.21 May 23 7:00 to 8:00 am postemergence 55 57 moist 9 100% 94% 1.03 0.52 1 to 2 2 to 3 1.0 1.0 0.5 4.0 1. 2. 2. 4. On April 24 there was little or no growth of vegetation except for alfalfa which was 3 inches. In addition to the April 24 and May 23 treatments, DPX-V9360 at 0.0625 lb/A plus X-77 at 0.25% v/v was applied June 15 to improve control where the PPI treatment was used for corn. On June 15 corn was 15 inch free standing with seven leaves. Giant foxtail was 5.0 inch free standing with two tillers, five leaves on the main culm and four leaves on each tiller. On June 16, 0.5 lb/A acifluorfen plus X-77 at 0.125% v/v was applied to soybean plots where thifensulfuron and chlorimuron had not controlled eastern black nightshade. Also on June 16, 0.5 lb/A tridiphane plus 1.5 lb/A atrazine plus 1.0 qt/A crop oil concentrate was applied to all no-till corn plots primarily to improve control of giant foxtail which was 3.0 inch with four leaves and large crabgrass 2.5 inch with four leaves. On June 19, fluazifop-P plus 1 qt/A crop oil concentrate was applied to all soybean plots and to the PPI alfalfa plots to improve control of grass weeds. No-till and low-till methods used were considered relatively successful. Initial weed control from most treatments was relatively good but rainfall was conducive to subsequent growth of especially giant foxtail. DPX-V9360 gave very good control of giant foxtail but not of large crabgrass. Acifluorfen gave good control of eastern black nightshade not controlled by chlorimuron and thifensulfuron. Bromoxynil performed well following EPTC or used with imazethapyr, but the addition of adjuvants to bromoxynil caused excessive alfalfa injury. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 62 Table 1. Time and method of herbicide application for corn Heisner) . (Knake, Wesley, Paul, and Treatment Rate Type Date Corn Gift Lacg Rrpw Colq Vele 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 (lb/A) Corn low-till - dis iked twice EPTC & R29148 & dietholate + atra/ 1 4.0 + 2.0/ PPI/ 4/24 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Lt post 6/15 Metolalchlor & atra l/2.0 & 1.6/ Pre/ 4/24 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Post 5/23 Cyanazine & atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ Pre/ 4/24 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Post 5/23 Corn no-till after alfalfa Dicamba + 2,4-D + 0.25 + 0.5 + cyanazine & atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ Pre/ 4/24 tridiphane + atra +0.5 + 1.5 Lt post 6/16 COC Dicamba + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 0.5/ Pre/ 4/24 DPX-V9360 + brox 0.47 + 0.25/ Post/ 5/23 + X-77/ tridiphane + atra +0.5 + 1.5 COC Dica & atrazine/ 0.47 & 0. DPX-V9360+X-77/ 0.047/ tridiphane + atra +0.5 + 1.5 COC LSD(0.G5) Lt post 6/16 92/ Pre/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/16 (%Injury) - - (^Control) - 68 100 99 96 53 58 16 100 100 100 99 99 66 42 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 91 79 100 100 83 89 32 Treatment Rate Type Date Pesw Ebns Yens Fapa Qugr Corw 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 (lb/A) Corn low-till - disked twice EPTC & R29148 & dietholate + atra/ 4.0 + 2.0/ PPI/ 4/24 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Lt post 6/15 Metolalchlor & atra/ 2.0 & 1.6/ Pre/ 4/24 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Post 5/23 Cyanazine Si atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ Pre/ 4/24 DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Post 5/23 Corn no-till after alf alfa Dicamba + 2,4-D + cyanazine & atra/ tridiphane + atra + COC Dicamba + 2,4-D/ DPX-V9360 + brox + X-77/ tridiphane + atra + COC Dica & atrazine/ DPX-V9360 + X-77/ tridiphane + atra + COC 0.25 + 3.75 & 0.5 + 0.25 0.47 0.5 + 1.25/ 1.5 0.5/ 0.25/ Pre/ 4/24 Lt post 6/16 Pre/ Post/ 4/24 5/23 0.5 + 1.5 0.47 & 0.92/ 0.047/ 0.5 + 1.5 Lt post 6/16 Pre/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/16 LSD(0.Q5) (% Control) 100 99 100 100 66 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 66 100 70 100 100 100 83 80 98 100 100 86 76 96 92 99 100 100 83 96 99 100 8 46 61 (continued) 63 Table 1. Time and method of herbicide application for corn Heisner), continued. (Knake, Wesley, Paul, and Treatment Rate Type Date Corn Gift Pesw Vele Corw Colq 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 (lb/A) Corn low-till - disked twice EPTC & R29148 & dietholate + atra/ 4.0 + 2.0/ DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Metolalchlor & atra/ 2.0 & 1.6/ DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Cyanazine & atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Corn no-till after alfalfa Dicamba + 2,4-D + 0.25 + 0.5 + cyanazine & atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ tridiphane + atra + 0.5 + 1.5 COC Dicamba + 2,4-D/ DPX-V9360 + brox + X-77/ tridiphane + atra + COC Dica & atrazine/ DPX-V9360 + x-77/ tridiphane + atra + 0.5 + 1.5 COC 0 0, 25 + 0.5/ 47 + 0.25/ 0.5 + 1.5 0 0 47 & 0.92/ 047/ PPI/ 4/24 Lt post 6/15 Pre/ 4/24 Post 5/23 Pre/ 4/24 Post 5/23 Pre/ 4/24 Lt post 6/16 Pre/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/16 Pre/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/16 (%Injury) - (% Control) 95 100 96 100 100 98 98 78 100 100 10 83 98 86 100 100 86 100 100 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 70 100 100 100 100 LSD(0.Q5) 8 19 14 Treatment Rate Type Date Rrpw 7/3 Ebns 7/3 Yens 7/3 Corn yield (lb/A) Corn low-till - disked twice EPTC & R29148 & dietholate + atra/ 4.0 + 2.0/ DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Metolalchlor & atra/ 2.0 & 1.6/ DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Cyanazine & atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ DPX-V9360 + X-77 0.047 Corn no-till after a Lfalfa Dicamba + 2,4-D + cyanazine 6 atra/ tridiphane + atra COC Dicamba + 2,4-D/ DPX-V9360 + brox + X-77/ tridiphane + atra COC Dica & atrazine/ DPX-V9360 + x-77/ tridiphane + atra COC 0.25 + 3.75 & 0.5 + 1.25/ 0.5 + 1.5 0.25 + 0.47 + 0.5/ 0.25/ 0.5 + 1.5 0.47 & 0.92/ 0.047/ 0.5 + 1.5 LSD(O.OS) PPI/ 4/24 Lt post 6/15 Pre/ 4/24 Post 5/23 Pre/ 4/24 Post 5/23 Pre/ 4/24 Lt post 6/16 Pre/ Post/ 4/24 5/23 Lt post 6/16 Pre/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/16 - (% Control) - (bu/A) 100 100 96 96 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 98 175.3 95 186.1 60 166.7 Mean 176.0 90 180.6 100 95 86 162.9 90 11 178.0 Mean 173.8 13.4 X-77 @ 0.25% v/v COC @ 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate - an 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. 64 Table 2. Time and method of herbicide application for soybeans (Knake, Wesley, Paul, & Heisner) Treatment Rate Type Date Soybean Gift Lacg Rrpw Colq Vele 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 (lb/A) Soybeans low-till - disked twice Trif luralin/ bent+thif ensulf uron + X-77/ fluazifop-P + COC Pend & imazethapyr/ fluazifop-p + COC Chlorimuron + 1.0/ PPI/ 0.75 + 0.0625/Post/ 0.188 Lt post 0.875 + 0.063/Pre/ 0.188 Lt post 0.0625 + thifensulfuron+qufp 0.0625+0.044/ Post/ + X-77/ acif luorfen/ fluazifop-P + COC Soybeans no-till Metribuzin & clim + pendimethalin+COC/ fluazifop-P + COC Metribuzin & clim + COC/ quizalofop + COC/ fluazifop-P + COC 2,4-D + sethoxydim/ seth + bent & acif luorfen/ fluazifop-P + COC LSD(0.05) 4/24 5/23 6/19 4/24 6/19 5/23 0.5/ Lt post 6/16 0.188 Lt post 6/19 0.28 & 0.047 + 1.0/ Pre/ 4/24 0.188 Lt post 6/19 0.28 & 0.047/ Pre/ 4/24 0.044/ Post/ 5/23 0.188 Lt post 6/19 0.5 + 0.188/ Pre/ 4/24 0.188 + 0.75 & 0.17/ Post/ 5/23 0.188 Lt post 6/19 (%Injury) - -(% Control)- 0 83 100 100 99 99 11 13 88 100 100 100 94 60 100 100 96 66 70 100 100 100 100 65 100 100 100 100 73 100 99 100 93 13 0 3 23 Treatment Rate Type Date Pesw Ebns Yens Fapa Qugr Corw 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 (lb/A) Soybeans low-till - disked twice Tr'if luralin/ 1.0/ PPI/ 4/24 bent+thif ensulf uronO. 75 + 0.0625/Post/ 5/23 X-77/ fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Pend & imep/ 0.875 + 0.063/Pre/ 4/24 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Chlorimuron + 0.0625 + thifensulfuron+qufpO. 062 5+0. 044/ Post/ 5/23 + X-77/ acif luorfen/ 0.5/ Lt post 6/16 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Soybeans no-till Metribuzin & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 + pendimethalin+COC/ 1.0/ Pre/ 4/24 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Metribuzin & clim + 0.28 & 0.047/ Pre/ 4/24 COC/ quizalofop + COC/ 0.044/ Post/ 5/23 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 2,4-D + sethoxydim/ 0.5 + 0.188/ Pre/ 4/24 seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & acif luorfen/ 0.17/ Post/ 5/23 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 LSD(0.05) (%Control) 100 99 100 100 100 100 96 100 66 100 75 33 99 76 100 100 66 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 81 100 100 96 100 98 100 100 100 83 100 2 29 0 30 56 (continued) 65 Table 2. Time and method of herbicide application for soybeans (Knake, Wesley, Paul, and Heisner) continued. Soybean Gift Pesw Vele Corw Colq Treatment Rate Type Date 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 (lb/A) (%Inju] ry) - - (% Control) - Soybeans low-till - disked twice Trif luralin/ 1.0/ PPI/ 4/24 0 91 76 86 91 93 bent+thifensulfuron0.75 + 0.0625/Post/ 5/23 + X-77/ fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Pend & imep/ 0.875 + 0.063/Pre/ 4/24 0 90 50 63 73 93 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Chlorimuron + 0.0625 + 0 93 93 66 93 63 thifensulfuron+qufpO. 0625+0. 044/ Post/ 5/23 + X-77/ acif luorfen/ 0.5/ Lt post 6/16 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Soybeans no-till Metribuzin & dim + 0.28 & 0.047 + 5 96 96 98 100 100 pendimethalin+COC/ 1.0/ Pre/ 4/24 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Metribuzin & clim + 0.28 & 0.047/ Pre/ 4/24 3 95 81 80 100 100 COC/ quizalofop + COC/ 0.044/ Post/ 5/23 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 2,4-D + sethoxydim/ 0.5 + 0.188/ Pre/ 4/24 18 93 53 76 90 86 seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & acif luorfen/ 0.17/ Post/ 5/23 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 LSD (0.05) 16 6 25 31 27 13 Rrpw Ebns Yens Soybean Treatment Pvate Type Date 7/3 7/3 7/3 yield (lb/A) "(% Contrc .1)- (bu/A) Soybeans low-till - disked twice Trif luralin/ 1.0/ PPI/ 4/24 90 81 71 48.4 bent+thifensulfuron0.75 + 0.0625/Post/ 5/23 + X-77/ fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Pend & imep/ 0.875 + 0.063/Pre/ 4/24 93 83 56 51.9 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Chlorimuron + 0.0625 + 98 80 83 42.3 thifensulfuron+qufpO. 0625+0. 044/ Post/ 5/23 Mean 47.5 + X-77/ acif luorfen/ 0.5/ Lt post 6/16 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Soybeans no-till Metribuzin & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 + 100 86 90 53.9 pendimethalin+COC/ 1.0/ Pre/ 4/24 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 Metribuzin & clim + 0.28 & 0.047/ Pre/ 4/24 98 63 80 53.9 COC/ quizalofop + COC/ 0.044/ Post/ 5/23 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 2,4-D + sethoxydim/ 0.5 + 0.188/ Pre/ 4/24 80 83 80 35.8 seth + bent & acif luorfen/ 0.188 + 0.75 & 0.17/ Post/ 5/23 Mean 47.9 fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Lt post 6/19 - LSDC0.05) 8 23 21 10.3 X-77 @ 0.25% v/v: a nonionic surfactant from Valent. COC @ 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. Quizalofop was the D+ isomer. Sethoxydim was the Poast Plus formulation. 66 Table 3. Time and method of herbicide application for alfalfa Heisner) . (Knake, Wesley, Paul, and Treatment Rate Type Date Alfalfa Gift Lacg Rrpw Colq Vele 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 (lb/A) (%Injury) - -(% Control)- EPTC/ 3.0/ bromoxynil/ 0.25/ fluazifop-P + COC 0.188 Brox + imazethapyr 0.25 + 0.063 Brox + 2,4-DB + 0.25 + 0.5 + sethoxydim + COC 0.188 LSD(0.05) PPI/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/19 Post 5/23 Post 5/23 0 83 96 100 11 100 94 10 96 100 100 100 99 98 90 98 89 96 76 14 Treatment Rate Type Date Pesw Ebns Yens Fapa Qugr Corw 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 6/16 EPTC/ bromoxynil/ fluazifop-P + COC Brox + imazethapyr Brox + 2,4-DB + sethoxydim + COC 0.188 (lb/A) 3.0/ 0.25/ 0.188 0.25 + 0.063 0.25 + 0.5 + PPI/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/19 Post 5/23 Post 5/23 — — (% Contro 1) — 99 100 93 100 100 100 100 100 83 100 99 100 83 83 23 100 99 100 LSD(0.05) 14 32 Treatment Rate Type Date Alfalfa Gift Pesw Vele Corw Colq 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 7/3 EPTC/ bromoxynil/ fluazifop-P + COC Brox + imazethapyr Brox + 2,4-DB + sethoxydim + COC 0.188 (lb/A) 3.0/ 0.25/ 0.188 0.25 + 0.063 0.25 + 0.5 + LSD(0.05) PPI/ 4/24 Post/ 5/23 Lt post 6/19 Post 5/23 Post 5/23 (%Injury) - (% Control) - 5 83 86 90 100 93 76 93 80 100 100 Treatment Rate Type Date Rrpw 7/3 Ebns 7/3 Yens 7/3 (lb/A) -(% Control )- EPTC/ bromoxynil/ fluazifop-P + COC Brox + imazethapyr Brox + 2,4-DB + sethoxydim + COC 3.0/ PPI/ 4/24 0.25/ Post/ 5/23 0.188 Lt post 6/19 0.25 + 0.063 Post 5/23 0.25 + 0.5 + Post 5/23 0.188 LSD (0.05) 100 96 86 83 60 83 X-77 @ 0.25% v/v: a nonionic surfactant from Valent. COC @ 1.0 qt/A : Crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. Sethoxydim was the Poast Plus formulation. 67 Interaction of soil-applied insecticides and postemerqence herbicides for corn. Steffey, Kevin L. , Ellery L. Knake, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The major objective of this study is to determine the potential for corn injury from DPX-V9360 or CGA-136872 preceded by various soil-applied insecticides. This study is located on area S1900 at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb, Illinois on Drummer silty clay loam with 4 to 5% organic matter, a pH of 6.4 and 0 to 2% slope. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. This area was fall moldboard plowed on November, 30, 1989, and field cultivated on May 23, 1990. Planting was done May 24, 1990, using Pioneer 3475 corn, in 30 inch rows for a population of 26,100 plants per acre. Insecticides as granular formulations were surface applied in 7 inch bands over the row at the time of planting. A preemergence application of 3 lb/A alachlor plus 2 lb/A atrazine was applied to the entire plot. DPX-V9360 and CGA-136872 were applied with a tractor mounted compressed air sprayer traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Application dates, environmental conditions, and growth stages of plants were: Date June 15, 1990 Time 2:20 to 3:30 pm Treatment postemergence Temperature (F) air 80 soil under sod (4 inch) 76 Soil moisture moist Wind (mph) 8 Sky (% overcast) 50% and hazy Relative humidity 54% Rainfall previous week 1.29 following week 0.85 Corn height (inch) 8, 13 extended leaf number 5 Effects on corn in 1990 from DPX-V9360 or CGA-136872 preceded by various soil insecticide applications were not as pronounced as in 1989 on northern Illinois soils relatively high in organic matter. However some effects were noted and were again more evident with CGA-136872 than with DPX-V9360. Effects were most significant with terbufos but minor effects were also noted with some of the other insecticides. Observations suggested the possibility of these effects causing some delay in tassel emergence but results were not considered conclusive. A study at the Orr Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center on soil relatively low in organic matter demonstrated much more significant effects. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 68 Table. Interaction of soil-applied insecticides and postemergence herbicides for corn (Steffey, Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Corn Tassel Silk Corn injury -emergence — yield 6/26 8/1 8/1 (lb/A) % % % (bu/A) DPX-V9360 + tef luthrin 0. .06 + 0, , 1 DPX-V9360 + terbuf os 0. .06 + 1. .0 DPX-V9360 + chlorpyrifos 0, .06 + 1. .0 DPX-V9360 + f onofos 0. .06 + 1. ,0 DPX-V9360 + phorate 0. ,06 + 1. ,0 DPX-V9360 + DPX-43898 0. .06 + 0. , 5 DPX-V9360 alone 0. ,06 Check 1 71 19 127.5 9 59 32 125.8 1 76 31 127.2 1 82 34 126.3 2 74 41 128.2 0 85 41 131.4 0 88 40 126.3 0 75 25 124. 3 LSD(0.05) 0 16 13 4.9 Treatment Rate Corn Tassel Silk Corn injury -emergence — yield 6/26 8 /l 8/1 (lb/A) % % % (bu/A) CGA-136872 + CGA-136872 + CGA-136872 + CGA-136872 + CGA-136872 + CGA-136872 + CGA-136872 alone Check tef luthrin terbufos chlorpyrifos fonofos phorate carbofuron 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0, 1, 1. 1. 1. 1. 3 48 19 124.2 18 55 13 122.7 2 48 20 124.5 3 41 5 121.9 3 56 11 123.3 2 52 14 123.6 1 68 18 120.5 0 57 10 123.2 LSD (0.05) 13 10 3.3 Insecticide Terminology: Common (generic) name Trade name Formulation Tef luthrin Terbufos Chlorpyrifos Fonofos Phorate DPX-43898 Carbofuran Force 1.5 G Counter 15 G Lorsban 15 G Dyfonate II 20 G Thimet 20 G Fortress 10 G Furadan 15 G 69 Detoxification of herbicide residue. Toepfer, Stanley L., Ellery L. Knake, Ron W. Heisner and Lyle E. Paul. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of D-Tox, a compound reportedly designed to enhance degradation of herbicide residues in the soil. In the past, herbicide injury has been reported on crops the year following application of some herbicides. The experiment was designed to determine if carryover of herbicides can be reduced by the addition of D-Tox to the soil. Field plots were prepared by fall moldboard plowing on November 21, 1989 and field cultivation on April 18, 1990. The soil was Drummer silty clay loam with organic matter of 6%. The previous crop in 1989 was corn. Field size was 80 by 160 ft. Main treatments consisted of seven different herbicides plus an untreated check. They were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications on field designated as SW 500. Individual plots were 10 by 40 ft and these were split with D-Tox applied to half of each plot. Herbicides were applied preplant incorporated on April 25 from 4:00 to 5:00 p.m., using a compressed air spray unit mounted on an IHC 274 tractor. Herbicides were incorporated twice using a field cultivator with a "hitch hiker" bar. Herbicides were applied at one half normal field rate to simulate carryover. Carrier for herbicides was water with 25 gpa, 30 psi pressure and a ground speed of 3 mph. Method of application was broadcast with 8004 flat fan nozzle tips at a height of 20 inches. No plants were present at the time of application. Weather conditions at application time included a moist soil, soil temperature 64 F, air temperature 84 F, relative humidity 37%, wind speed 6 to 8 mph from the southwest and 80% cloud cover. D-Tox was applied the same day to half of each plot at a rate of 2 quarts/A. On May 24, five crops were planted to evaluate the effectiveness of D-Tox: Cargill 7993 corn and Cargill 7993 treated with naphthalic anhydride, Williams 82 soybeans and Williams W20 "STS" (Sulfonylurea tolerant soybean), Funks G522A sorghum and Reldan sorghum treated with CGA 133205 (Concep III), Ogle oats and Merrimac wheat. The plots were rated on June 7, 15, and 23 to measure percent crop injury on the cultivars and herbicide effectiveness on grass and broadleaf control. Under the conditions of this study there appeared to be little or no significant effect from D-Tox on the degree of herbicide residual activity. Results for June 7, are summarized in the tables. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana) . Composition of DeTox Sodium lignosulfonate 25% Sequestared elemental copper 0.005% Enzyme complex 10% Acetic Acid 1.0% Penetrant 2 5% Methancarboxylic acid 1.25% Inert ingredients 37.745% 70 Table. Detoxification of soil-applied herbicides (Toepfer, Knake, Heisner, and Paul) Corn Corn Corn Corn Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean +F80 +F80 STS STS with with with with Treatment Rate (lb/A) D-TOX D-TOX D-TOX DTOX - - - % In jury - - - - Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atrazine 1.0 0 0 0 0 7 5 7 5 Trif luralin 0.5 22 22 27 25 0 0 0 0 Imazaquin 0.063 22 22 22 22 0 0 0 0 Imazethapyr 0.032 20 20 20 20 0 0 0 0 Clomazone 0.5 37 35 35 35 0 0 0 0 Metribuzin & 0.161 & 17 17 22 22 0 0 0 0 chlorimuron 0.027 Fomesafen 0.125 20 20 20 20 0 0 0 0 Treatment Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Oats Oats Wheat Wheat CONCEP CONCEP with with with with Rate (lb/A) D-TOX D-TOX D-TOX D-TOX Check Atrazine 1 .0 Trif luralin 0. ,5 Imazaquin 0. ,063 Imazethapyr 0. ,032 Clomazone 0. ,5 Metribuzin & 0. ,161 chlorimuron 0. ,027 Fomesafen 0. ,125 0 0 60 30 50 45 52 42 0 0 55 30 50 42 45 42 - % Injury - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 60 45 45 52 52 40 30 25 25 32 27 32 25 32 27 50 50 27 25 45 40 42 35 60 60 70 70 55 45 32 30 50 47 42 42 10 10 42 42 Treatment Rate (lb /A) Gift Gift Pesw Pesw Rrpw Rrpw with with with D-TOX D-TOX D-TOX Check Atrazine 1.5 Trif luralin 0.5 Imazaquin 0.063 Imazethapyr 0.032 Clomazone 0.5 Metribuzin & 0.161 chlorimuron 0.027 Fomesafen 0.125 - - & Control - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 82 100 100 100 100 82 92 80 80 97 97 90 90 100 100 100 100 92 92 99 99 100 100 72 67 77 77 70 70 85 82 100 100 100 100 12 12 42 42 60 60 71 Multi-species evaluation of preplant and preemerqence soil-applied herbicides. Knake, Ellery L. , Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate degree of crop tolerance and weed control for most crops and annual weed species common to Illinois with soil-applied herbicides. Location: Total area: Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Crop: Planting date: Tillage: DeKalb SW700 Plot size: 150 x 500 ft Slope: fair Organic matter: Drummer silty clay loam Exp. design: 6.3 Replications: many Variety: April 23 Row spacing: 10 x 150 ft 1 to 2% 5 to 6% randomized complete block none see table 30 inch and 5 ft Moldboard plow Nov. 20, 1989; disk once before and disk & harrow twice after for PPI April 23. HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast /band: Gal/A: PSI: Propellant: Temperature (F) air: 68 soil (4 inch under sod) Rainfall previous week: 0.47 following week: 0.21 April 23 tractor-mounted water broadcast 25 30 compressed air 53 Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Sky: Humidity: Soil moisture: Wind (mph) : Wind direction: 9:00 to 10:30 am pre-plant incorporated 10 feet 20 inches 20 inches 8004 Flat Fan 3 30% overcast 67% moist 18 150 degrees HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: Sprayer: Carrier: Broadcast /band: Gal/A: PSI: Propellant: Temperature (F) air: soil (4 inch under sod) Rainfall previous week: 0.47 following week: 0.21 April 24 tractor-mounted water broadcast 25 30 compressed air 73 57 Time: Treatment: Width of spray: Nozzle spacing: Nozzle height: Nozzle type: Speed (mph) : Sky: Humidity: Wind (mph) : Wind direction: 7:30 to 8:45 am preemergence 10 feet 20 inches 20 inches 8004 Flat Fan 3 15% overcast and hazy 86% 19 211 degrees SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: none There did not appear to be dramatic differences in tolerance of the various genetic lines of corn to the herbicides in this study. There were occasional indications of the safening effect from treating corn seed with naphthalic anhydride. Hairy vetch displayed relatively good tolerance to preplant incorporated treatments of dinitroaniline herbicides and to imazethapyr. Alfalfa and red clover displayed good tolerance to preplant incorporated dinitroanilines but not imazethapyr. Susceptibility of hairy vetch to the triazines, metribuzin, and acetanilides suggested that these herbicides might be useful for control. Tolerance of canola to dinitoanilines and acetanilides was indicated. Performance of dry flowable formulations of trifluralin was very similar to that of the EC formulation. However, a little clogging of nozzles was experienced with one DF formulation. 72 Table 1. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides (Knake, Heisner and Paul). IPSA1 Corn varieties C1914 C1914 F-80 C6114 C6114 F-80 C2998 C2998 F-80 C8004 C8004 F-80 C6973 C6973 F-80 Treatment Rate — - Injury PREPLANT INCORPORATED: (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Pendimethalin 1.0 10 10 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 Ethalfluralin 1.125 60 60 60 50 50 50 70 70 60 60 Trifluralin 4 EC 1.0 50 50 60 60 50 50 60 50 50 50 Trifluralin2 1.0 50 50 50 50 50 40 50 40 30 30 Trif2 + metribuzin 1.0 + 0.28 80 80 90 90 80 80 80 70 80 80 & chlorimuron & 0.047 Trifluralin3 1.0 90 80 80 80 70 60 70 70 70 70 Trif & metr 0.83 + 0.42 70 70 60 60 60 60 70 70 50 50 Trif3 + metr 1.0 + 0.38 70 70 60 60 60 60 70 70 50 50 Trif + metr & dim 1.0 + 0.28 & 0.047 70 70 70 70 60 60 80 70 70 70 Trif3 + met & clim 1.0 + 0.28 & 0.047 90 90 80 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 Trif + clomazone 1.0 & 0.75 80 80 90 80 70 70 80 70 80 70 Trif3 + clom 1.0 + 0.75 80 80 90 80 70 70 80 70 80 70 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trif & imazethapyr 0.75 & 0.063 70 70 70 70 60 60 80 70 70 70 Trif3 + imep 0.75 + 0.063 70 70 70 70 60 60 80 70 70 70 Alachlor & trif 2.5 & 0.5 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 60 60 60 + metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 Trif & clom 1.0 & 0.75 90 80 80 80 70 70 80 70 70 70 + metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 Clomazone 1.0 80 50 60 40 50 40 80 50 40 40 Alac & trif + clom 1.875 & 0.375 + 0.5 90 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 Clom + metr 0.75 + 0.38 100 50 80 50 90 70 80 60 80 70 Clom + imep 0.5 + 0.031 90 40 80 50 70 70 70 50 60 60 Clom + imep 0.75 + 0.063 90 70 80 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 Butylate & R29148 4.0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + atra 1.5 Bury & dichlormid & atra 4.0 & 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EPTC & R29148 4.8 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 & dietholate + atra 1.2 PREEMERGENCE: Clethodim 0.188 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Clet + metr & clim 0.188 + 0.28 & 0.047 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 ICIA 5676 2.0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 10 10 10 10 • 10 10 10 10 10 10 MON-8435 2.0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 MON-8422 2.0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Alac MT 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alac4 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U of I - 0001 3.5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 V-53482 0.094 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 V-53482 0.188 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Metr & clim 0.35 & 0.035 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Metr & clim 0.28 & 0.047 25 25 25 25 25 2S 25 25 25 25 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metolachlor + metr 2.0 + 0.38 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Meto & metr 2.0 & 0.45 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Meto + metr & clim 2.0 + 0.28 + 0.047 40 40 50 30 40 40 60 30 40 40 Imazethapyr 0.063 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Pend & imep 0.875 & 0.063 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 Cyanazine & atra 3.0 & 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Meto & CGA-154281 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Meto & atra & CGA-154281 2.5 & 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Meto & cyan 2.0 & 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alac & atra 2.5 & 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alac MT & atra 2.5 & 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'Independent Professional Seedsmen Association 2Trilin GRP 80DF formulation from Griffin. 3Trifk 60DF from Terra. 467% WDG formulation. 73 Table 2. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides (Knake, Heisner and Paul). IPSA' Com varieties - -- Soyt eans •- C9979 C9979 F-80 C4843 C4843 F-80 Hack Pioneer 9272 Sorghum Sorghum CG*- 133205 Wheat Merrimoc Trpafmpnr Rate I iLQl.l It 111 (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Pendimethalin 1.0 20 20 10 10 0 0 80 80 70 Ethalfluralin 1.125 60 60 50 50 0 0 95 95 80 Trifluralin 4 EC 1.0 50 50 50 50 0 0 95 95 80 Trifluralin2 1.0 40 40 40 40 0 0 90 90 80 Trif2 + metribuzin 1.0 + 0.28 80 80 70 70 5 10 100 100 80 & chlorimuron & 0.047 Trifluralin3 1.0 60 60 60 60 0 0 95 95 80 Trif & metr 0.83 + 0.42 50 50 60 60 5 10 95 95 70 Trif3 + metr 1.0 + 0.38 50 50 60 60 5 10 95 95 70 Trif + metr & clim 1.0 + 0.28 & 0.047 80 70 70 70 5 5 95 95 80 Trif3 + met & clim 1.0 + 0.28 & 0.047 70 70 70 70 5 5 95 95 80 Trif + clomazone 1.0 & 0.75 70 70 70 70 0 0 85 85 70 Trif3 + clom 1.0 + 0.75 70 70 70 70 0 0 90 90 70 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trif & imazethapyr 0.75 & 0.063 70 70 70 70 0 0 95 95 70 Trif2 + imep 0.75 + 0.063 70 70 70 70 0 0 95 95 70 Alachlor & trif 2.5 & 0.5 70 70 70 70 5 5 90 90 70 + metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 Trif & clom 1.0 & 0.75 70 70 70 70 5 5 100 100 80 + metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 Clomozone 1.0 60 40 70 40 0 0 80 80 90 Mac & trif + clom 1.875 & 0.375 + 0.5 70 70 70 70 0 -0 90 90 80 Clom + metr 0.75 + 0.38 90 70 90 70 50 60 90 90 100 Clom + imep 0.5 + 0.031 60 60 60 60 0 0 50 50 80 Clom + imep 0.75 + 0.063 70 70 70 70 0 0 60 60 90 Butylate & R29148 4.0 + 0 0 0 0 80 90 50 50 90 + atra 1.5 Bury & dichlormid & atra 4.8 & 1.2 0 0 0 0 80 90 50 50 80 EPTC & R29148 4.0 + 0 0 0 0 80 90 60 60 100 & dietholate + atra 1.5 PREEMERGENCE: Clethodim 0.188 30 30 30 30 0 0 50 50 40 Clet + metr & clim 0.188 + 0.28 & 0.047 50 50 50 50 5 5 80 80 70 ICIA 5676 2.0 10 10 10 10 10 10 30 30 50 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 10 10 10 10 • 80 90 30 30 70 MON-8435 2.0 10 10 10 10 15 10 30 30 50 MON-8422 2.0 10 10 10 10 20 20 30 30 50 Mac MT 3.0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 50 Mac4 3.0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 50 U of I - 0001 3.5 10 10 10 10 95 90 0 0 50 V-53482 0.094 20 20 20 20 60 40 80 80 40 V-53482 0.188 40 40 40 40 70 50 90 90 60 Metr & clim 0.35 & 0.035 30 30 30 30 0 b 80 80 70 Metr & clim 0.28 & 0.047 25 25 25 25 0 0 80 80 70 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metolachlor + metr 2.0 + 0.38 5 5 5 5 5 10 90 90 70 Meto & metr 2.0 & 0.45 20 20 20 20 5 5 90 90 70 Meto + metr & clim 2.0 + 0.28 + 0.047 40 40 40 40 5 5 90 90 80 Imazethapyr 0.063 60 60 60 60 0 0 80 80 40 Pend & imep 0.875 & 0.063 70 70 70 70 5 5 90 90 50 Cyanazine & atra 3.0 & 1.0 0 0 0 0 95 95 80 80 60 Meto & CGA-154281 2.5 0 0 0 0 5 5 10 10 30 Meto & atra & CGA-154281 2.5 & 2.0 0 0 0 0 5 50 10 10 20 Meto & cyan 2.0 & 2.0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 20 Mac & atra 2.5 & 1.5 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 20 Mac MT & atra l.J„ 1 n -r i T~= 2.5 & 1.5 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 20 2Trilin GRP 80DF formulation from Griffin. 3Trific 60DF from Terra. '67% WDG formulation. 74 Table 3. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides (Knake, Heisner and Paul). Hairy Alfalfa Red Oats i Canola Shea Fapa Girw Corw Cosf Treatment Rate Vetch Vernal Clover Ogle Diadem Control - PREPLANT INCORPORATED : (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Pendimethalin 1.0 0 0 0 80 0 80 100 50 50 0 Ethalfluxalin 1.125 10 0 0 80 0 90 100 50 80 0 Trifluralin 4 EC 1.0 20 0 0 80 0 90 100 50 60 0 Trifluralin1 1.0 10 0 0 80 0 90 100 50 50 0 Trif1 + metribuzin 1.0 + 0.28 70 90 90 80 100 90 100 70 100 98 & chlorimuron & 0.047 Trifluralin2 1.0 20 0 0 80 10 80 100 50 50 0 Trif & metr 0.83 + 0.42 80 95 100 90 100 70 100 90 100 95 Trif2 + metr 1.0 + 0.38 90 80 100 85 100 70 100 90 100 98 Trif + metr & dim 1.0 + 0.28 & 0.047 80 90 100 80 100 80 100 90 100 98 Trif2 + met & dim 1.0 + 0.28 & 0.047 80 90 90 80 100 90 100 100 100 98 Trif + clomazone 1.0 & 0.75 60 80 80 80 60 80 100 90 95 90 Trif2 + clom 1.0 + 0.75 60 80 80 80 60 80 100 90 95 90 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trif & imazethapyr 0.75 & 0.063 10 60 60 80 95 90 99 90 90 100 Trif2 + imep 0.75 + 0.063 20 60 60 80 95 90 100 90 90 100 Alachlor & trif 2.5 & 0.5 80 95 100 80 100 80 90 95 100 100 + metr & dim + 0.28 & 0.047 Trif & clom 1.0 & 0.75 80 90 95 90 100 90 100 98 99 100 + metr & dim + 0.28 & 0.047 Clomazone 1.0 60 90 80 90 50 40 99 70 100 80 Alac & Trif + clom 1.875 & 0.375 + 0.5 70 85 85 80 50 80 100 80 100 60 Clom * metr 0.75 + 0.38 90 100 100 100 100 50 100 98 100 100 Clom + imep 0.5 + 0.031 60 80 70 80 95 60 99 100 100 80 Clom + imep 0.75 + 0.063 70 90 80 90 95 80 99 80 90 90 Burylate + R29148 4.0 + 80 90 100 95 100 50 98 100 100 100 + atra 1.5 3ury & dichlormid & atra 4.8 & 1.2 70 85 100 95 100 50 98 100 100 100 EPTC & R29148 4.0 + 80 85 100 100 100 60 100 100 100 100 & dietholate + atra 1.5 PREEMERGEN'CE: Clethodim 0.188 0 0 0 60 0 70 90 0 0 0 Clet + metr & dim 0.188 + 0.28 & 0.047 80 90 100 80 100 80 95 100 100 100 IC1A 5676 2.0 90 70 100 70 0 30 100 90 100 60 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 90 100 100 90 100 50 100 100 100 100 MON-8435 2.0 90 70 100 70 0 30 100 80 100 90 MON-8422 2.0 90 70 90 70 0 30 100 80 100 90 Alac MT 3.0 80 50 80 70 0 20 100 50 90 80 Alac3 3.0 80 50 80 70 0 20 99 50 100 80 U of I - 0001 3.5 100 100 100 70 70 70 100 100 100 80 V-53482 0.094 80 100 100 70 100 20 90 80 100 100 V-53482 0.188 90 100 100 80 100 40 100 90 100 100 Metr & dim 0.35 & 0.035 70 100 100 80 100 80 99 100 100 100 Metr & dim 0.28 & 0.047 50 100 100 90 100 70 99 100 100 100 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Metolachlor + metr 2.0 + 0.38 100 95 100 80 100 60 100 100 100 100 Meto & metr 2.0 & 0.45 95 95 100 90 100 70 100 100 100 100 Meto + metr & dim 2.0 + 0.28 + 0.047 90 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 100 100 Imazethapyr 0.063 10 50 50 75 95 80 98 95 100 100 Pend & imep 0.875 & 0.063 30 50 50 80 95 100 99 95 100 100 Cyanazine & atra 3.0 & 1.0 80 100 100 95 100 20 100 100 100 100 Meto & CGA-154281 2.5 50 90 100 30 20 50 100 80 90 10 Meto & atra & CGA-154281 2.5 & 2.0 40 100 100 60 70 50 95 90 90 80 Meto & cyan 2.0 & 2.0 40 95 100 60 60 50 100 80 100 80 Alac & atra 2.5 & 1.5 80 80 100 60 60 50 95 60 80 80 Alac MT & atra 2.5 & 1.5 60 80 100 60 50 50 90 70 80 80 'Trilin GRP 80DF formulation 2Trific 60DF from Terra. 367°/o WDG formulation. 75 \ Table 4. Multi-species evaluation (Knake, Heisner and Paul). Ebns I lmg Tamg Jime Vele Colq Rrpw Cocb Bygr Lacg Grft Yeft Gift Treatment Rate — Control PREPLANT INCORPORATED: (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) ■ (%) 1 :%) C%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Pendimethalin 1.0 30 50 50 30 30 95 100 10 100 100 95 100 95 Ethalfluralin 1.125 30 50 50 50 20 100 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 Trifluralin 4 EC 1.0 30 50 50 50 10 99 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 Trifluralin1 1.0 30 50 50 50 20 98 100 10 97 100 97 100 95 Trif1 + metribuzin 1.0 + 0.28 70 90 90 100 99 100 100 90 97 100 97 100 100 & chlorimuron & 0.047 Trifluralin2 1.0 30 50 50 50 50 99 99 10 97 100 100 100 97 Trif & metr 0.83 + 0.42 80 60 60 100 99 100 100 95 97 100 97 100 95 Trif2 + metr 1.0 + 0.38 80 60 60 99 100 99 99 90 97 100 97 100 97 Trif + metr & clim 1.0 + 0.28 8c 0.047 70 90 90 99 95 100 100 90 97 100 97 100 95 Trif2 + met & clim 1.0 + 0.28 8c 0.047 70 90 90 99 98 100 100 90 100 100 97 100 97 Trif + clomazone 1.0 & 0.75 80 80 80 90 100 98 98 20 97 100 95 100 100 Trif2 + clom 1.0 + 0.75 80 80 80 90 100 100 98 20 97 100 95 100 100 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trif & imazethapyr 0.75 & 0.063 100 60 60 100 99 100 100 90 97 100 97 100 100 Trif2 + imep 0.75 + 0.063 100 60 60 100 98 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 Alachlor 8c trif 2.5 & 0.5 90 80 80 99 98 100 100 100 97 97 97 100 95 + metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 Trif & clom 1.0 8c 0.75 70 90 90 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 100 97 + metr 8c clim + 0.28 8c 0.047 Clomazone 1.0 40 60 60 100 100 100 90 30 100 97 97 100 97 Alac 8c Trif + clom 1.875 8c 0.375 + 0.5 80 85 85 90 100 99 100 50 100 100 97 100 97 Clom + metr 0.75 + 0.38 80 60 60 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 Clom + imep 0.5 + 0.031 100 50 50 100 100 100 100 70 95 97 90 100 95 Clom + imep 0.75 + 0.063 100 70 70 100 100 100 100 90 97 97 95 100 95 Butylate + R29148 4.0 + 100 100 100 100 95 100 98 90 97 97 95 100 97 + atra 1.5 Bury & dichlormid & atra 4.8 8c 1.2 100 95 95 100 90 100 97 90 97 97 95 100 95 EPTC & R29148 4.0 + 100 100 100 100 95 100 99 95 97 97 95 100 97 & dietholate + atra 1.5 PREEMERGENCE: Clethodim 0.188 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 100 100 100 100 Clet + metr & clim 0.188 + 0.28 8c 0.047 100 80 80 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 ICIA 5676 2.0 100 70 70 100 90 99 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 100 90 90 100 100 100 100 95 100 100 100 100 100 MON-8435 2.0 100 70 70 100 60 100 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 MON-8422 2.0 100 70 70 100 80 100 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 Alac 3.0 100 10 10 90 80 95 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 Alac3 3.0 100 20 20 90 70 95 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 U of I - 0001 3.5 100 50 50 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 V-53482 0.094 100 90 90 100 100 100 100 90 95 100 97 100 97 V-53482 0.188 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 97 100 100 100 100 Metr 8c clim 0.35 8c 0.035 95 80 80 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 Metr & clim 0.28 8c 0.047 100 90 90 100 100 100 100 90 100 97 100 100 97 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 Metolachlor + metr 2.0 + 0.38 100 10 10 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 Meto & metr 2.0 8c 0.45 100 10 10 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 Meto + metr & clim 2.0 + 0.28 + 0.047 100 95 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Imazethapyr 0.063 100 80 80 98 99 100 100 80 95 100 100 100 90 Pend & imep 0.875 8c 0.063 100 95 95 99 99 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 Cyanazine & atra 3.0 8c 1.0 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Meto & CGA-1 54281 2.5 100 30 30 80 40 100 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 Meto & atra & CGA-1 5481 2.5 8c 2.0 100 80 80 100 50 100 100 60 100 100 100 100 100 Meto & cyan 2.0 8c 2.0 100 80 80 100 30 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 Alac & atra 2.5 8c 1.5 100 50 50 100 40 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 Alac MT & atra 2.5 8c 1.5 100 50 50 100 40 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 'Trilin GRP 80DF formulation from Griffin. 2Trific 60DF from Terra. 367% WDG formulation. 76 Multi-species evaluation of poatemerqence herbicides. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The objective was to evaluate degree of crop tolerance and weed control for most crops and annual weed species common to Illinois with herbicides applied postemergence . Location: Total area Drainage: Soil type: Soil pH: Crop: DeKalb SW800 150 x 500 ft fair Drummer silty clay loam 6.3 many Plot size: Slope: Organic matter: Exp. design: Replications : Variety: Planting date: April 23, 1990 Row spacing: Fertility: 120 lb/A P2Os Nov. 17. 1989; 120 lb/A K20 Nov. 10 x 150 ft 1 to 2% 5 to 6% randomized complete block none see table 30 inch and 5 ft 13, 1989. Tillage: used field cultivator with leveler bar once April 18. HERBICIDE APPLICATION INFORMATION: Date: May 30, 1990 Sprayer: tractor-mounted Carrier: water Broadcast /band: broadcast Gal/A 25 PSI: 30 Propel lant: compressed air Temperature (F) air: 59 soil (4 inch under sod): 59 Rainfall previous week: 0.52 following week: 0.22 SPECIES PRESENT AT APPLICATION: Species: Corn Height (inch) : 5, 7 extended No. of leaves: 4 Species: Sorghum Height (inch) : 2.5, 3 extended No of leaves: 5 Species: Canola Height (inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Wheat Height ( inch) : 4 No. of leaves: 3 plus 2 tillers, each with 3 Species: Red clover Height (inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 1 to 2 Species: Gift Height ( inch) : 3 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Yeft Height ( inch) : 2.5 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Grft Height ( inch) : 2.5 No. of leaves: 4 Time: 7:30 to 9:30 am Treatment postemergence Width of spray: 10 feet Nozzle spacing: 20 inches Nozzle height: 20 inches Nozzle type: 8004 Flat Fan Speed (mph) : 3 Sky: 15% overcast Humidity: 46% Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph) : 14 Wind direction: 96 degrees Species: Soybean Height (inch) : 3.5 No. of leaves: 2 trifoliolate Species: Hairy vetch Height (inch) : 2, 4.5 extended No. of leaves: 6 Species: Oats Height ( inch) : 7 No. of leaves: 4 plus 1 tiller Species: Alfalfa Height (inch) : 3 No. of leaves: 2 to 3 Species: Cocb Height (inch) : 3 No. of leaves: 5 Species: Ilmg Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 2 Species: Ebns Height ( inch) : 0.5 No. of leaves: 3 Species: Cosf Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 2 77 Species Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Species: Height ( inch) : No. of leaves: Lacg 0.5 2 Bygr 4 4 Rrpw 0.25 3 Colq 1 7 Vele 1.5 2 to 3 Species: Corw Height (inch): 0.75 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Girw Height (inch) : 2 No. of leaves: 4 Species: Fapa Height ( inch) : 1 No. of leaves: 2 to Species: Shea Height (inch): 1.5 No. of leaves: 3 Species: Tamg Height (inch): 1.5 No. of leaves: 2 Some differences were indicated in tolerance of genetic lines of corn to imazethapyr but little difference was noted for most other herbicides. Observations suggested potential for triazines and possibly some sulfonylureas for control of hairy vetch. Results failed to suggest much potential for postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weed control in canola. Imazethapyr with Dash provided good control of most broadleaf and grass weeds except annual morningglori.es. Very good control of shattercane was noteworthy. Bentazon and aciflurofen plus sethoxydim provided excellent broad spectrum control. Substituting thifensulfuron for aciflurofen in this combination decreased control of annual morningglories and eastern black nightshade. Although chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron gave good control of most weed species, including common lambsquarters, this combination did not control eastern black nightshade and was weak on annual morningglories and velvetleaf. Fluazifop-P plus fomesafen provided good broad spectrum control with little opportunity for addition of 2,4-DB to improve control except for velvetleaf. V-23031 provided excellent control of common and giant ragweed, common sunflower, eastern black nightshade, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed at all rates used. However there was a rate response for cocklebur and annual morningglories . Bromoxynil alone or with atrazine gave excellent control of all broadleaf weeds except for redroot pigweed for which atrazine improved control. Pyridate gave excellent control of giant ragweed, common sunflower, eastern black nightshade, common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed. There was a rate response for common ragweed, annual morningglories, velvetleaf and cocklebur. Addition of atrazine to pyridate resulted in excellent control of all broadleaf weed species. CL-23747 gave good control of all broadleaf weeds but CL-23601 was weak on annual morningglories and velvetleaf. Bentazon plus atrazine provided excellent control of all broadleaf weeds. Major strength of fluroxypyr was on ragweed, nightshade, morningglories and cocklebur; addition of 2,4-D improved control of velvetleaf and lambsquarters. Triclopyr plus 2,4-D gave good control of all broadleaves except nightshade. Clopyralid gave good control of ragweeds, morningglories and cocklebur but was weak on pigweed, lambsquarters and velvetleaf. In a separate trial the effectiveness of fluroxypyr on hemp dogbane was reconfirmed. Adding lactofen to bentazon improved nightshade, pigweed, and morningglory control. Bentazon appeared to have some antagonistic effect on clethodim for foxtail control but good grass control was maintained when lactofen was mixed with clethodim, quizalofop or f luazifop-P. Although DPX-V9360 gave better control of most annual grass weeds than CGA-136872, the latter appeared to be significantly better on cocklebur, velvetleaf and giant and common ragweed; both controlled pigweed and good control of smartweed has been observed with both. DPX-V9360 and most current sulfonylureas do not give good control of nightshade, but there appears to be evidence of CGA-136872, activity on nightshade. The D+ isomer of quizalofop at 0.044 lb/A was equal to the regular quizalofop at twice that rate. There appeared to be a slight advantage for adding Dash adjuvant to the Poast Plus formulation of sethoxydim as well as to the regular formulation. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, L'rbana. ) 78 Table 1. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner and Paul). Treatment Rate C1914 C1914 F-80 C6114 IPSA Com varieties C6114 C2998 C2998 C8004 F-80 F-80 - Injury C8004 F-80 C6973 C6973 F-80 Imazethapyr + Dash Bentazon & acifluorfen + sethoxydim1 + COC2 Bent + thifensulfuron + seth + COC Bent & acif + thifensulfuron + seth ~ COC Thifensulfuron - Chlorimuron + quizalofop3 + COC Thifensulfuronn + 2,4-DB' + qufp + COC Fluazifop-P & fomesafen +COC Flfp-P & fome - bent + 2.4-D3 + COC Flfp-P & fome + thifensulfuron + COC V-23031 + COC V-23031 - COC V-23031 + COC Untreated check Bromoxynil Brox & atrazine + 28% N.5 Pyridate + atra Pydt Pydt Pydt CL-23601 CL-23747 Bent & atra Fluroxypyr Flox & 2,4-D amine Triclopyr & 2,4-D amine Trcp & 2,4-D ester Clopvralid Clethodim + bent + COC Clet + bent -r COC Clet + bent + lactofen + COC Clet + dim + COC Clet + dim + COC Clet + dim - lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Clet + lact + COC Lact + qufp + COC Lact + flfp-P + COC Nicosulfuron + COC Untreated check Nicosulfuron + COC PrimisuLfuron + COC Qufp + COC Qufp3 -r COC Flfp-P Seth + Dash Seth1 Seth1 + Dash Clet + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC (lb/A) 0.063 0.75 & 0.17 + 0.188 0.5 + 0.004 + 0.188 0.75 & 0.17 + 0.004 + 0.188 0.004 + 0.004 + 0.044 0.004 + 0.03 + 0.044 0.188 & 0.25 0.188 & 0.25 + 0.5 + 0.03 0.188 & 0.25 + 0.004 0.026 0.04 0.053 0.25 0.25 & 0.5 0.9 + 1.2 0.45 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.73 & 0.73 0.125 0.063 & 0.5 0.35 & 0.13 0.125 & 0.25 0.125 0.094 + 0.75 0.125 + 0.75 0.094 + 0.5 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 0.094 + 0.008 0.125 + 0.008 0.094 + 0.006 + 0.15 + 1 pt. (%) (%) (%) (0/o) (%) — (%) (%) (%) (^) (%) 0.094 0.125 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.031 0.047 0.036 0.088 0.044 0.188 0.188 0.188 0.188 0.063 0.094 0.125 + 0.2 + 0.2 + I 0.09 + 1 pt. 0.188 + 1 pt. pt. Pt. 40 90 50 80 70 70 90 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 bO 60 90 pt. 50 pt. 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 30 90 50 80 70 70 90 90 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 S 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 90 80 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 30 90 50 80 70 80 90 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 20 90 50 80 70 70 90 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 80 70 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 40 90 50 80 60 70 90 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 90 90 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 10 80 50 80 60 70 90 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 10 90 50 80 70 80 100 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 1Q0 0 0 0 0 90 80 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 10 90 50 80 70 80 90 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 10 90 50 80 70 80 90 100 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 90 90 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 10 90 50 80 70 70 90 90 90 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5 60 60 90 50 60 80 90 95 100 100 0 0 0 0 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 82 84 'Poast Plus formulation. " 2COC - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and D+ isomer from DuPont. 'Dimethyl amine salt formulation. 528% nitrogen used at 1 gallon/acre. 1% inert used at 1 qt/A unless otherwise indicated. 79 Table 2. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner and Paul). 1 PSA Corn vaneties -- Soybeans -- C9979 C9979 F-80 C4843 C4843 F-80 Hack Pioneer 9272 Sorghum Sorghum CGA-13J205 Wheat Merrimec Treatment Rate (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Imazethapyr + Dash 0.063 10 10 20 10 10 10 50 50 40 Bentazon & acifluorfen 0.75 & 0.17 90 90 90 90 30 30 90 90 50 + sethoxydim' + COC2 + 0.188 Bent + thifensulfuron 0.5 + 0.004 50 50 50 50 10 10 30 30 45 + seth + COC + 0.188 Bent & acif + thifensulfuron 0.75 & 0.17 + 80 80 80 80 40 40 90 90 60 + seth + COC 0.004 + 0.188 Thifensulfuron + Chlorimuron 0.004 + 0.004 70 70 70 70 5 10 30 30 50 + quizalofop3 + COC + 0.044 Thifensulfuron + 2,4-DB' 0.004 + 0.03 70 70 70 70 10 10 90 90 50 + qufp + COC + 0.044 Fluazifop-P & fomesafen +COC 0.188 & 0.25 90 90 90 90 20 20 95 95 80 Flfp-P & fome + 0.188 & 0.25 90 90 100 100 30 30 95 95 80 bent + 2,4-DB + COC + 0.5 + 0.03 Flfp-P & fome 0.188 & 0.25 90 90 90 90 20 20 90 90 80 + thif + COC + 0.004 V-23031 + COC 0.026 1 1 1 1 20 20 10 10 1 V-23031 + COC 0.04 2 2 2 2 30 30 20 20 2 V-23031 + COC 0.053 3 3 3 3 40 40 30 30 3 0 o Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o Bromoxynil 0.25 1 1 1 1 60 60 1 1, Brox & atrazine + 28% N.5 0.25 + 0.5 2 2 2 2 95 95 2 2 10 Pyridate + atra 0.9 + 1.2 2 2 2 2 100 100 30 30 10 Pydt 0.45 1 1 1 1 70 70 5 5 o Pydt 0.9 2 2 2 2 80 80 10 10 5 Pydt 1.8 3 3 3 3 90 80 30 30 10 CL-23601 0.9 2 2 2 2 80 80 20 20 10 CL-23747 0.9 2 2 2 2 80 80 10 10 10 Bent & atra 0.73 & 0.73 0 0 0 0 90 90 0 o 20 Fluroxypyr 0.125 0 0 0 0 30 30 0 o 0 0 0 o Flox & 2,4-D amine 0.063 & 0.5 0 0 0 0 50 50 o o Triclopyr & 2,4-D amine 0.35 & 0.13 0 0 0 0 50 50 o o Trcp & 2,4-D ester 0.125 & 0.25 5 5 5 5 50 50 10 10 Clopyralid 0.125 5 5 5 5 50 50 s 5 0 Clethodim + bent + C( Z 0.094 + 0.75 60 60 60 60 5 5 80 80 50 Clet + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 60 60 60 60 5 5 80 90 55 Clet + bent + lactofen + COC 0.094 + 0.5 0.15 + 1 pt. 90 90 90 90 20 20 100 100 70 Clet + dim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 50 50 50 50 10 10 80 80 45 Clet + dim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt. 60 60 60 60 10 10 80 80 50 Clet + dim + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.006 + 0.15 + 1 pt. 80 80 80 80 20 ■ 20 90 100 60 Clet + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 90 90 90 90 30 30 100 100 70 Clet + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 95 95 95 95 30 30 100 100 70 Lact + qufp + COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 100 100 100 100 30 > 30 ,100 100 70 Lact + flfp-P + COC Nicosulfuron + COC Untreated check Nicosulfuron + COC Primisulfuron + COC Qufp + COC Qufp3 + COC Flfp-P Seth + Dash Seth1 Seth' + Dash Clet + COC Clet + COC Clet + COC 'Poast Phi"; fnm-mlan'nn 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 0.031 0.047 0.036 0.088 0.044 100 0 0 0 0 90 90 100 0 0 0 0 70 70 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 80 80 30 40 0 50 60 0 0 ' 30 • 40 0 50 60 0 0 100 - 80 0 85 80 95 100 100 80 0 85 80 95 100 80 45 0 50 50 50 50 0.188 0.188 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 0 0 0 0 80 80 80 80 50 45 0.188 0.188 0.063 0.094 0.125 80 80 80 82 84 80 80 80 82 84 80 80 80 82 84 80 80 80 82 84 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 80 80 85 90 80 80 80 85 90 40 45 45 50 55 - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at nmpr rrnm HuDnnr 3D+ isomer from DuPont. 'Dimethyl amine salt formulation. 528% nitrogen used at 1 gallon/acre. 1 qt/A unless otherwise indicated. 80 Table 3. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, heisner and Paul). Hairy Alfalfa Red Oats Canola Shea : Fapa < 3irw Corw Cosf Treatment Rate Vetch Vernal Clover Ogle Diadem Control - (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Imazethapyr + Dash 0.063 5 5 10 40 60 98 95 100 100 100 Bentazon & acifluorfen 0.75 & 0.17 70 70 80 50 100 100 95 100 100 100 + sethoxydim1 + COC2 + 0.188 Bent + thifensulfuron 0.5 + 0.004 50 60 60 45 90 98 100 100 100 100 + seth + COC + 0.188 Bent & acif + thif 0.75 & 0.17 + 70 80 80 60 100 100 100 100 100 100 + seth + COC 0.004 + 0.188 Thif + Chlorimuron 0.004 + 0.004 70 70 70 50 60 99 100 100 100 100 + quizalofop3 + COC + 0.044 Thifensulfuron + 2,4-DB' 0.004 + 0.03 60 60 60 50 60 100 100 100 90 90 + qufp + COC + 0.044 Fluazifop-P & fomesafen 0.188 & 0.25 80 90 90 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 + COC Flfp-P & fome + 0.188 & 0.25 80 85 85 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 bent + 2,4-DB + COC 0.5 + 0.03 Flfp-P & fome 0.188 & 0.25 85 85 85 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 + thifensulfuron + COC 0.004 V-23031 + COC 0.026 5 10 10 10 10 0 0 100 100 100 V-23031 + COC 0.04 10 15 15 2 30 0 0 100 100 100 V-23031 - COC 0.053 15 20 20 3 50 0 0 100 100 100 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bromoxynil 0.25 60 80 10 20 90 0 0 100 100 100 Brox & atrazine 0.25 & 0.5 90 100 100 40 100 0 0 100 lpo 100 + 28% N.5 Pyridate + atra 0.9 + 1.2 80 100 100 50 90 40 30 100 100 100 Pydt 0.45 10 3 3 3 20 0 0 100 30 100 Pydt 0.9 20 6 6 5 30 10 10 100 100 100 Pydt 1.8 30 10 10 10 70 20 20 100 100 100 CL-23601 0.9 20 0 0 10 60 10 10 100 100 100 CL-23747 0.9 20 10 0 10 50 20 10 100 100 100 Bent & atra 0.73 & 0.73 70 80 80 20 90 0 10 100 100 100 Fluroxypyr 0.125 50 50 50 0 50 0 0 100 100 10 Flox & 2,4-D amine 0.063 & 0.5 50 50 50 0 60 0 0 100 100 100 Triclopyr & 2,4-D amine 0.35 & 0.13 50 50 50 0 55 0 0 100 100 100 Trcr; & 2,4-D ester 0.125 & 0.25 50 50 50 0 55 0 0 100 100 100 Clopyralid 0.125 i>0 50 50 0 30 0 0 100 100 100 Clethodim + bent + COC 0.094 + 0.75 0 30 30 50 90 95 90 100 100 100 Get + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 0 30 30 55 90 98 95 100 100 100 Get + bent 0.094 + 0.5 80 98 100 70 100 100 95 100 100 100 + lactofen + COC 0.15 + 1 pt. Get + dim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt . 70 70 70 45 80 99 90 100 100 100 Get + clim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt . 70 70 70 50 80 100 95 100 100 100 Get + clim 0.094 + 0.006 80 98 90 60 100 100 98 100 100 100 + lact + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. Get + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 90 99 80 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 Get + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 90 99 80 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 Lact + qufp + COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 90 100 80 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 Lact + flfp'-P -r COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 90 99 80 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.031 35 60 60 45 6S 99 100 100 0 90 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.047 40 65 65 50 70 100 100 100 0 95 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 60 70 70 50 80 99 100 100 100 100 Qufp + COC 0.088 0 0 0 50 0 100 100 0 0 0 Qufp3 + COC 0.044 0 0 0 50 0 100 100 0 0 0 Flfp-P 0.188 0 0 0 50 0 100 100 0 0 0 Seth - Dash 0.188 0 0 0 45 0 100 99 0 0 0 Seth1 0.188 0 0 0 40 0 99 97 0 0 0 Seth1 + Dash 0.188 0 0 0 45 0 100 99 0 0 0 Get + COC 0.063 0 0 0 45 0 99 98 0 0 0 Get + COC 0.094 0 0 0 50 0 100 99 0 0 0 Get + COC 0.125 0 0 0 55 0 100 100 0 0 0 'Poast Plus formulation. 2COC - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1 qt/A unless otherwise indicated. 3D-r isomer from DuPont. 'Dimethyl amine salt formulation. 528% nitrogen used at 1 gallon/acre. 81 Table 4. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner and Paul). Ebns Umg Tamg Vele Colq Rrpw Cocb BygT Lacg Grft Yeft Gift Treatment Rate Co ntrol -- (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) cw (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Imazethapyr + Dash 0.063 100 50 50 90 95 100 90 100 95 98 98 98 Bentazon & acifluorfen 0.75 & 0.17 100 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 99 99 - sethoxydim1 + COC2 + 0.188 Bent + thifensulfuron 0.5 + 0.004 30 60 60 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 98 98 + seth + COC + 0.188 Bent & acif + thif 0.75 & 0.17 + 100 85 85 100 100 100 90 100 95 99 99 99 + seth + COC 0.004 + 0.188 Thif + Chlorimuron 0.004 + 0.004 0 50 50 60 99 100 98 100 95 95 90 99 + quizalofop3 + COC + 0.044 Thif + 2,4-08' 0.004 + 0.03 10 80 80 60 99 98 80 100 98 90 95 99 - qufp + COC + 0.044 Fluazifop-P &fomesafen 0.188 & 0.25 100 90 90 70 99 100 100 100 100 90 95 98 - COC Flfp-P & feme * 0.188 & 0.25 100 95 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 95 97 bent + 2,4-DB + COC + 0.5 + 0.03 Flfp-P & fome 0.188 + 0.25 100 90 90 80 100 100 95 100 99 80 95 98 + thifensulfuron + COC 0.004 V-23031 + COC 0.026 100 50 50 100 97 100 75 0 0 0 0 0 V-23031 + COC 0.04 100 65 65 100 98 100 85 0 0 0 0 0 V-23031 - COC 0.053 100 80 80 100 99 100 95 0 0 0 0 0 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bromoxynil 0.25 100 100 95 100 100 80 100 0 0 0 0 0 3rox & atrazine - 28V; N.5 Pyridate + atra 0.25 & 0.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 0 5 ' 5 5 0.9 + 1.2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 10 75 60 60 Pydt 0.45 100 40 40 30 100 100 50 0 0 10 10 10 Pydt 0.9 100 60 60 40 100 100 100 5 0 30 30 30 Pydt 1.8 100 80 80 80 100 100 100 10 0 60 60 60 CL-23601 0.9 100 60 60 60 100 100 98 0 0 40 40 40 CL-23747 0.9 100 60 60 60 100 100 98 0 0 30 30 30 3ent & atra 0.73 & 0.73 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 0 10 10 10 Fluroxypyr 0.125 100 98 98 40 0 50 100 0 0 0 0 0 Flox & 2,4-D amine 0.063 & 0.5 30 99 99 80 90 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 Triclopyr & 2,4-D amine 0.35 & 0.13 20 99 99 80 90 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 Trcp & 2,4-D ester 0.125 & 0.25 20 100 100 90 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 Clopyralid 0.125 20 90 90 40 10 50 90 0 0 0 0 0 Clethodim + bent + COC 0.094 + 0.75 0 10 10 100 100 50 100 90 80 60 75 75 Clet + bent + COC 0.125 + 0.75 0 10 10 100 100 50 100 95 90 75 80 80 Clet + bent 0.094 + 0.5 80 80 80 100 100 100 100 80 90 75 85 85 + lactofen + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. Clet + dim + COC 0.094 + 0.008 + 1 pt 0 80 80 70 20 100 98 85 90 80 80 80 Clet + dim + COC 0.125 + 0.008 + 1 pt 0 80 80 70 20 100 99 100 90 85 90 90 Clet + dim 0.094 + 0.006 0 85 85 90 90 100 100 99 90 85 85 85 + lact + COC + 0.15 + 1 pt. Clet + lact + COC 0.094 + 0.2 + 1 pt. 100 90 90 98 90 100 100 100 95 95 98 98 Clet + lact + COC 0.125 + 0.12 + 1 pt. 100 90 90 98 90 100 100 100 99 99 100 100 Lact + qufp + COC 0.2 + 0.09 + 1 pt. 100 90 90 98 90 100 100 100 70 99 100 100 Lact - flfp-P - COC 0.2 + 0.188 + 1 pt. 100 90 90 98 90 100 100 98 90 95 99 99 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.031 0 50 50 50 85 100 40 100 20 98 98 97 Untreated check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.047 0 70 70 60 90 100 50 95 40 98 99 99 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 100 80 80 90 98 100 98 30 10 80 90 85 Qufp + COC 0.088 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 99 99 98 Quip3 + COC 0.044 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 99 99 98 Flfp-P 0.188 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 80 80 80 Seth + Dash 0.188 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 90 90 90 Seth1 0.188 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 85 85 90 Seth1 - Dash 0.188 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 90 90 90 Clet + COC 0.063 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 90 90 90 Clet + COC 0.094 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 96 96 96 Clet + COC 0.125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 98 98 98 'Poast Plus formulation. 2COC - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1 qt/A unless otherwise indicated. 3D+ isomer from DuPont. 'Dimethyl amir.e salt formulation. 528% nitrogen used at 1 gallon/acre. 82 No-till corn in tall fescue. Koethe, Robert W., Ellery L. Knake, David M. Dimmick, Rick G. Keim, and Glenn A. Raines. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbicide treatments for controlling tall fescue for no-till planting of corn. Plots were established in 1990 on field 0303 at the Orr Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center near Perry, Illinois on Rozetta silt loam soil with 1.5% organic matter, a pH of 6.0 and 2 to 7% slope. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 10 by 50 ft. No tillage or mid-season cultivation was performed. On May 7, 1990, anhydrous ammonia was applied to give 180 lb/A nitrogen. Pioneer 3241 corn was planted May 15 in 30 inch rows to give 27,700 plants per acre. Chlorpyrifos soil insecticide was applied behind planter press wheel. Control ratings were taken July 5. Application dates, sprayer calibration, environmental conditions and growth stage of plants were: Date May 2 Time 10 a.m. Treatment KNO/PRE Sprayer - Compressed air, tractor nozzle type 8004 FF gpa 25 pressure (psi) 30 speed (mph) 3 Temperature (F) air 34 - 60 bare soil (4 inch) 51 - 67 Soil moisture moist Wind (mph) SE 5 Sky (% overcast) 40 Relative humidity (%) 26-100 Rainfall during previous week (inch) 0.83 Rainfall during following week (inch) 1.60 Tall fescue height (inch) 8 Treatments with glyphosate or paraquat + atrazine gave fair to good control of tall fescue. Control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds was relatively good with most treatments, however, control of large crabgrass was generally better with metolachlor than with the triazines. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana). 83 Table. No-till corn in tall fescue (Koethe, Knake, Dimmick, Keim, and Raines). — Weed Control — Corn Treatment Rate Tafe Gift Lacg Cocb yield (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (Bu/A) Glyphosate + 2.0 + atrazine + metolachlor 2.0 + 2.0 83 99 98 100 135.4 Glyt + atra + 2.0 + 2.0 cyanazine + 2.0 83 90 68 100 82.6 Glyt + cyan & atra 2.0 -1- 3.0 & 1.0 87 83 78 100 87.8 Paraquat + atra + 0.5 + 2.0 meto + 2.0 92 95 94 100 116.1 HOE-39866 + atra + 0.75 + 2.0 meto + 2.0 63 98 98 100 90.8 Sulphosate + atra + 2.0 + 2.0 meto + 2.0 65 93 96 99 99.7 Untreated Check 0 99 100 99 0.0 LSD (0.05) 9.6 11.6 20.1 1.0 33.1 84 No-till soybeans after corn. Koethe, Robert W., Ellery L. Knake, David M. Dimmick, Thomas A. Lashmett, Rick G. Keim, and Glenn A. Raines. The primary objective of this study was to design and evaluate herbicide treatments for no-till soybeans that would provide burndown and residual activity for broad-spectrum weed control with relatively few herbicides and applications. Plots were established in 1990 on field 0122 at the Orr Agricultural Research and Demenstration Center near Perry Illinois on Rozetta silt loam with 1.5% organic matter, a pH of 6.0 and a 2 to 7% slope. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 10 by 50 ft. In 1989 the field was in no- till corn which followed alfalfa and clover in 1988. No tillage was performed before planting and plots were not cultivated. Pioneer 9391 soybeans were planted May 29, in 30 inch rows using 52 lb/A to give 8 to 10 plants/ft. No fertilizer was applied. The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester. Weed control and crop injury ratings were made July 6. Soybean height measurements were made July 16. Date Mav 2 Mav 26 Time 1:00 - 3:00 p.m. 3:00 - 4:00 p.m Treatment KNO/EPP POST Sprayer - Compressed air, tractor nozzle type 8004 FF 8004 FF gpa 25 25 pressure (psi) 30 30 speed (mph) 3 3 Temperature (F) air 34 - 60 56 - 77 bare soil (4 inch) 51 - 67 59 - 72 Soil moisture moist moist Wind (mph) SE 7 N 3 Sky (% overcast) 50% 50% Relative humidity (%) 26 - 100 72 - 100 Rainfall during previous week (inch) 0.83 1.88 Rainfall during following week (inch" 1 1.60 0.15 Weed height (inch) Giant foxtail 1.0 — Common ragweed 1.0 — Prickle lettuce 7.0 — Results are summarized in the table. Horseweed and prickly lettuce can be significant problems with no-till. The metribuzin plus chlorimuron combination gave excellent control of these two weeds in addition to giving excellent control of other annual broadleaf weeds. To improve annual grass control with this combination, metolachlor or pendimethalin were helpful preemergence. Haloxyfop and clethodim applied early appeared to have some residual as well as burndown activity for giant foxtail. Where metribuzin and chlorimuron were used, the later application of quizalofop was considered better than the earlier applications for improved grass control. Although the imidazolinone treatments provided good control of annual grass and most annual broadleaf weeds, they did not give good control of horseweed and imazethapyr was especially poor on prickly lettuce. Sulphosate for early burndown followed by fomesafen and fluazifop-P gave good control of horseweed and prickly lettuce as well as of giant foxtail. This treatment with sulphosate gave better control of horseweed than a similar one with paraquat. The early treatment of 2,4-D followed by bentazon & acifuorfen gave good control of horseweed, and prickly lettuce. The more significant crop injury indicated was attributed to lack of weed control rather than to the herbicides. 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U u TO QJ TO O co X "* CO , TO + Q Q u d CO u 0 d 0 ^ TO QJ 2 co H /-H CO to -5 d QJ 7T1 t^ O w ^ d § X CQ Oh m <0 N 97 Corn herbicide evaluation for a stale seedbed. Stein, Scott N., Ellery L. Knake and Gene M. Oldham. The objective of this study was to evaluate different herbicide combinations that would control "burn down" small stale seedbed weeds and provide season long weed control in corn. The stale seedbed system for the purpose of this study included early preparation of the seedbed, allowing weeds to emerge for about a month then applying herbicides and planting without further tillage. This information is useful for reduced tillage operators that perform early spring tillage and want to eliminate secondary tillage before planting. The study was established in 1990 at the University of Illinois Agronomy Research Farm, Urbana, Illinois on field 261-68. The soil was a Catlin silt loam with 1 to 2% slope and 3.5% organic matter. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Individual plots were 10 by 50 ft. No P205 or K^O was applied as the field was in a high state of fertility. Plots were fall chiseled. Ammonium nitrate was applied at a rate of 295 lbs. of nitrogen/A on April 20 followed by a field cultivation. Two final field cultivations were performed on April 25. Herbicides were applied May 29. Pioneer 3379 corn was planted May 30, at a population of 25,000 kernels per acre in 30 inch rows. Weed control ratings were made June 18 and July 17. Application dates, sprayer calibration, environmental conditions and growth stage of plants were: Date Mav 29 June 18 Time 9:30 - 10:30 a.m. 8:00 - 9:00 p.m. Treatment ; KNO/PRI POST Sprayer - C02 backpack nozzle type 8002 FF 8002 FF gpa 14 14 pressure (psi) 25 25 speed (mph) 3 3 Temperature (F) air 44 - 77 66 - 93 bare soil (4 inch mean) 64 81 Soil moisture moist moist Wind (mph) N 6-8 SE 2 Sky (% overcast) Clear Clear Relative humidity (%) ; 38 - 100 54 - 100 Rainfall during previous week (inch) 1.04 1.30 Rainfall during following week (inch) 0.16 3.02 Plant residue on soil surface (%) 5 - 10 — Corn Height (inch) 0 5 Leaf number 0 4 May 29 June 18 June 18 July 5 Weed height height plants/ft2 plants/ft2 Fall panicum 0.5 4 3.2 3.8 Giant foxtail 0.5 4 — scattered Large crabgrass 0.25 4 — 1.3 Prostrate pigweed 0.25 4 1.0 1.2 Redroot pigweed 0.25 4 — scattered Eastern black nightshade 0.75 3 — scattered Prickly sida — 3 — 0.7 All treatments gave complete control of existing weeds present in the stale seedbed. Treatments designed with residual control were not quite as effective as postemergence treatments, probably due to the large amount of rain received throughout the growing season. Treatments containing a postemergence application of nicosulfuron provided complete control of fall panicum, the primary weed present in the study. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana). 98 £ 03 X T3 C 03 03 P u p p 00 00 £ no *- «-■ •S-s CJ £ XI ^ 2a bo CJ •3 P 03 CJ X CJ Dh CD 00 03 X 73 i CI 03 .2 £ CO ^ XI £- &.C0 ex, oo O (/, CX, 03 CJ > O in CN 03 CD oo P 4-1 c x! > NO ^3 ^-. CD *2 00 O -rn T3 CD CI. 03 O CJ X u < S 03 j_, u CD oo cx 2 oj o e'S CD O bO C v-i ca 00 i CD CJ > u oo > CN X Evaluation of herbicides for clover establishment. Stein, Scott N., Ellery L. Knake and Gene M. Oldham. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbicides for control of broadleaf and grass weeds in seedling clover. Plots were established at the University of Illinois Agronomy Research Farm, Urbana, Illinois on field 261-68. The soil was a Flanagan silt loam with 1 to 2% slope and 4.5% organic matter. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Individual plots were 10 by 50 ft. The field was in a high state fertility so no fertilizer was applied. Plots were fall chiseled and spring tillage consisted of a field cultivation on April 20. Preplant incorporated treatments were applied and followed by two final field cultivations on April 25. That afternoon Mammouth red clover was seeded with a Brillion seeder at a rate of 20 lb./acre. Weed control ratings were made July 17. Application dates, sprayer calibration, environmental conditions and growth stage of plants were: Date April 25 June 18 Time 9:30 - 10:30 AM 8:00 - 9:00 PM Treatment PPI POST Sprayer - C02 backpack nozzle type 8002 FF 8002 FF gpa 14 14 pressure (psi) 25 25 speed (mph) 3 3 Temperature (F) air 58 - 85 66 - 93 Bare soil (4 inch mean) 66 81 Soil moisture moist moist Wind (mph) N 4 SE 2 Sky (% overcast) Clear Clear Relative humidity (%) 52 - 100 54 - 100 Rainfall during previous week (inch) 0.24 1.30 Rainfall during following week (inch) 0.03 3.02 Clover height (inch) 0 4.5 July 17 Weed height height plants/ft2 Fall panicum 0 4.5 3.5 Giant foxtail 0 5 1.5 Large crabgrass 0 3.5 1.2 Prostrate pigweed 0 3 0.5 Redroot pigweed 0 4 0.5 Common lambsquarters 0 4 <0.5 Velvetleaf 0 4.5 0.5 Postemergence treatments gave slightly better control than did the preplant incorporated treatments. The poor control with EPTC was attributed to a two hour incorporation delay after herbicide application on a warm sunny day. The 2,4-DB was variable for control of velevetleaf. Moderate injury to clover was noted as leaf crinkling. The clover was slow to regrow out of the injury in part due to potato leaf hoppers, which were also stunting the clover's growth. (Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana). 100 6 co Xh T3 T3 C cj ca c CJ 4— > CO CO 4-1 OO OJ Vh OJ > o J-i 1/1 cj a x; c o "f-H 4— > co > ca t- — gj xs > bo .2 '55 Ux: jy / — \ On oo o 00 CO o o ^ Hj O hs On r^ r«s o cn > <*_^ I— 1 m 'o O- o 1-1 c T3 CJ bo u co O cj 4—1 ca a! c CJ e 4—1 ca CJ i-H H x; V C 0s ^ o^ < XI o 00 00 00 00 oo o o o o o o o o o o o o NO o o o o o o oo •—v oo O 00 O o On 0s oo O On o I— 1 o I— 1 On CO /"—N o oo nO o o o Oh oN r^ On On o o o CO I— 1 1— 1 I— 1 1X4 V — ' in d + q co 6 + m in p + m m d + 00 oo m d + co co m d + o Q i CN Oh CQ Q i CN CQ Q i CN ca XI CQ a CN + C *H CO Q + CN + o- CQ a i CN + O- C0 - o CZh •c s •l-H 0 CJ Oh u CJ X! u CJ CJ "T3 CJ OhCJ <£ , ^O^O oo to O nJ"S nJ co U cj x; ro L n x h - + o + 3 + £ oo u- cy D 101 oo o o o On O o o CN oo o — 1 o On o ' o . — 1 CO <3- d ^-^ CO 00 NO o o o o CO 0s r-v ON On o o 1—1 o I— ( -h X3 "£2 O ca ca r "3 >> CJ C cj "3 o ^ £ "*" o 3L.3 .§£*• o 2 " > c; « > • x o H Q Oh r- rg m to CJ *2 o cr1 q I— t @ CJ oo O C CJ 0 T3 C CO 4—1 o CO 4— > u (4-1 l-H o NO Xh P Jh 13 Vh 4— I CJ Oh cj 00 CO X5 O <4-H CO u CO Oh CO 00 C CO CO cj 4—1 CO — '. c Cj O CJ ti Oh u 2 ^ c to 5 O Q O ? P Oh O 1-1 u CJ O u cj — cj 6 o 00 •»-H + SUMMARY Some summaries are included with the individual reports. The following summaries are for the individual reports that do not include summaries. Evaluation of nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron plus DPX-E9636 in combination with bromoxynil. By June 20 no significant effect on corn was noted and there were no significant differences in corn height on July 3. Nicosulfuron gave very good control of giant foxtail. Bromoxynil had little or no antagonistic effect on control of giant foxtail with nicosulfuron and very good control was maintained with the combination. Addition of X-77 to the combination improved control of giant foxtail only slightly. DPX-79406 was not as effective as nicosulfuron for control of giant foxtail and there appeared to be some antagonistic effect of bromoxynil on DPX-79406 which may have been partly overcome by addition of X-77. Very good control of broadleaf weeds was achieved with the bromoxynil plus nicosulfuron combination. DPX-79406 may have had some antagonistic effect on control of some broadleaf weeds with bromoxynil. The sulfonylurea herbicides did not control eastern black nightshade but addition of bromoxynil corrected this deficiency. With bromoxynil plus nicosulfuron there was little increase generally in control of broadleaf weeds from increasing bromoxynil rate or adding X-77 surfactant and the combination performed quite well for broad spectrum control of both broadleaf and grass weeds. (DPX-79406 is a premixed combination of DPX-E9636 and nicosulfuron.) Evaluation of nicosulfuron in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn. Corn tolerance appeared to generally be relatively good with nicosulfuron alone or in combination with 2,4-D, dicamba, dicamba plus atrazine or bromoxynil plus atrazine. However, addition of cyanazine caused suppression of corn and addition of pyridate to this combination further accentuated suppression. Observations suggested some caution in combining nicosulfuron with bentazon or bentazon plus atrazine but effect on corn appeared to be somewhat temporary. Any early effects from combination of nicosulfuron with atrazine, dicamba plus atrazine, bromoxynil plus atrazine, thifensulfuron or V-23031 appeared to be quite temporary. Nicosulfuron alone gave good control of giant foxtail, redroot pigweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. Addition of most other herbicides significantly improved control of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters. None of the sulfonylureas in the study controlled eastern black nightshade but combinations with other herbicides were effective. Observations suggested the possibility of slight antagonism of bentazon or bentazon plus atrazine on giant foxtail control with nicosulfuron. Control of giant foxtail was not as good with DPX-79406 as with nicosulfuron. 102 Evaluation of pyridate. CL23601. and CL11068 for control of nutsedge. The primary purpose of this study was evaluation of herbicides for control of yellow nutsedge. Pyridate, CL23601, and CL11068 alone and in various combinations had some early effect on yellow nutsedge but one treatment was not generally adequate for good control. A subsequent treatment of bentazon improved control of yellow nutsedge very significantly. Most treatments gave relatively good control of broadleaf weeds. Pyridate plus atrazine and CL11068 plus atrazine were two of the more effective treatments for broad spectrum control. Evaluation of clethodim tank mixed with bentazon. chlorimuron. and lactofen. Clethodim gave very good control of grass species, including "volunteer" corn, winter wheat seeded in the spring, sorghum, oats, shattercane, and all other annual grass weeds. Although increasing rate tended to hasten control, the degree of control was quite similar with all rates at the end of three weeks. Bentazon or chlorimuron tended to have a slight antagonistic effect on clethodim but this tended to be compensated by increasing clethodim rate or by using lactofen in the combination. All combinations gave excellent control of cocklebur, common and giant ragweeds, and common sunflower. Control of ivyleaf and tall morningglories was least with bentazon and best, but not complete, with lactofen. Eastern black nightshade was controlled well by lactofen but bentazon or chlorimuron did not provide control. Velvetleaf control was very good with bentazon or lactofen but only fair with chlorimuron. Chlorimuron or lactofen provided good control of redroot pigweed while bentazon was only fair. Common lambsquarters control was best with bentazon and least with chlorimuron. Combinations of lactofen plus fluazifop-P or quizalofop performed very well on grass species. In general, the plots displayed very good weed control but some soybean injury which decreased with time. Evaluation of 2.4-D and atrazine combinations postemergence for corn. Combinations of 2,4-D with atrazine provided good control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, tall morningglory and Pennsylvania smartweed. Control of velvetleaf was fair to good. However, the potential for slight corn injury was indicated. Performance of 2,4-D plus atrazine was similar to that of dicamba plus atrazine for the weed species in this trial. A subsequent application of nicosulforon to 10 inch giant foxtail provided good control. Evaluation of V-23031 for weed control in corn. The initial treatment of 3.0 lb/A alachlor plus 0.5 lb/A atrazine provided good control of redroot pigweed. Control of common lambsquarters was also very good, possibly with some contribution from the postemergence treatments. Control of velvetleaf was good with V-23031 with little rate response for early post but more rate response 103 for late post. Early post application of 2,4-D provided the best control of tall morningglory. Results with crop oil concentrate and X-77 appeared to be quite similar. Some effect on corn from V-23031 was noted but it appeared to be relatively temporary. Evaluation of V-53482 for weed control in stale seedbed soybeans. All of the treatments for this study provided very good control of most annual grass and broadleaf weed species. Burndown of giant foxtail was provided by clethodim, paraquat or Hoe-39866 and residual control was provided by metolachlor. V-53482 appeared to provide both burndown and residual control of broadleaf weeds. The higher rate of V-53482 tended to have some advantage for control. V-53482 had some advantage over metribuzin, especially for control of tall morningglory. In general, the degree of weed control in this study was quite impressive early but considerable rainfall contributed to some late season growth of giant foxtail. Although some effect on soybeans from V-53482 was evident and there was a rate response, the effect appeared to be relatively temporary. Evaluation of V-23031 combinations for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. The 0.75 lb/A rate of trifluralin applied initially was three fourths of the rate recommended for this soil and giant foxtail control was about 75 percent. With the subsequent application of V-23031, control of redroot pigweed was very good with no significant rate response. V-23031 in addition to the trifluralin provided very good control of common lambsquarters. V23031 gave good control of velvetleaf. Control of tall morningglory was fair with some rate response. Control of Pennsylvania smartweed was fair with an inverse rate response suggested. Control of broadleaf weeds except tall morningglory was good with bentazon and combining it with V-23031 appeared to have little advantage. Weed control with imazethapyr alone or in combination with V-23031 was quite good and little advantage for the combination was apparent. Good control of eastern black nightshade was noted with V-23031 and/or imazethapyr. V-23031 had a slight temporary effect on the soybeans. Evaluation of V-23031 for late postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. The 0.75 lb/A rate of trifluralin applied initially was three fourths of the recommended rate for this soil and provided about 75% control of giant foxtail. However a postemergence application of clethodim resulted in excellent control of giant foxtail. V-23031 provided very good control of 6-inch velvetleaf at all rates with slight rate response. Velvetleaf control from split applications was similar to that from a single application. With bentazon, a split application had no apparent advantage over a single application. V-23031 has very good activity on velvetleaf with significant flexibility in time of application, especially if rates are adjusted upward for later applications. In this study, V-23031 provided some control of tall morningglory and also of eastern black nightshade and had an advantage over bentazon for these two species. V-23031 also had an advantage for control of redroot pigweed. Some advantage was also indicted for in/, common lambsquarters although control was only rated fair. Bentazon likely has some advantage for control of Pennsylvania smartweed. No-till soybeans after corn. This area had a history of good weed control and not tilling the area may have contributed further to very limited "weed pressure" in 1990. Metribuzin plus chlorimuron provided very good burndown and residual control of broadleaf weeds. Additional control for grass weeds was provided by pendimethalin or metolachlor. Clethodim appeared to provide both burndown and some residual control of grass weeds. Using metribuzin plus chlorimuron early and following with a postemergence application of quizalofop was one of the most effective treatments. Sulphosate for early burndown followed by a postemergence application of fluazifop-P and fomesafen was also relatively successful. Sethoxydim plus 2,4-D for early burndown followed by sethoxydim plus bentazon and aciflurofen provided good control of grass weeds but only fair control of velvetleaf. Some effect on soybeans was noted from metribuzin plus chlorimuron, fomesafen and from the treatment with 2,4-D. No-till corn after corn. This area had a good history of weed control and not tilling the area may have contributed further to limited weed pressure in 1990. Nearly all treatments provided very good control of grass weeds. Although early control of velvetleaf was quite good, a postemergence application of 2,4-D plus nicosulfuron tended to improve mid season control of velvetleaf. Atrazine plus cyanazine (2.0 lb/A + 2.0 lb/A) was one of the most effective treatments and would be one of the most economical. Effect of time of application on efficacy of sethoxydim. Although results are not considered conclusive, the 6:00 PM application appeared to be more effective than the 6:00 AM or noon applications and application at midnight appeared to be most effective. Decreased degradation of the herbicide by light and perhaps more moisture during the evening hours may offer a possible explanation. Evaluation of lactofen combinations. Weed control was quite good from essentially all treatments with the clethodim treatment helping to achieve excellent control of giant foxtail. Control of redroot pigweed and velvetleaf control was excellent. Although there was potential for differences in degree of common lambsquarters control, there appeared to be little or 105 no difference due to lactofen rate, type of adjuvant or addition of chlorimuron or thifensulfuron. Some effect on soybeans was attributed primarily to lactofen and this tended to increase with rate but there was little evidence of influence from other herbicides or type of adjuvant. Evaluation of lactofen postemergence following preplant incorporated herbicides. All treatments with clomazone alone or combined with trifluralin and followed by a postemergence application of lactofen provided excellent control of giant foxtail, redroot pigweed and velvetleaf. Control of common lambsquarters was very good. There appeared to be little or no advantage for increasing the rate of lactofen. Either trifluralin at a reduced rate or clomazone at a reduced rate followed by lactofen provided excellent weed control and there appeared to be little or no advantage for treatments with all three herbicides compared to only two. Either trifluralin or clomazone could likely enhance control of common lambsquarters that lactofen might be weak on. Although some crop injury was noted, soybeans appeared to outgrow the injury relatively well. No-till corn in alfalfa sod. All early tieatments provided excellent control of alfalfa. These included 2,4-D or dicamba each alone or in combination. The combination of 0.25 lb/A dicamba plus 0.5 lb/A 2,4-D low volatile ester is considered appropriate and economical with dicamba providing control of some weeds while 2,4-D gives better control of dandelion which is often present. Clopyralid plus 2,4-D also gave excellent control of alfalfa but was not very effective on some other species. Dicamba plus atrazine gave excellent control of alfalfa. We had postulated that alfalfa when killed might provide some mulch or allelopathic effect to help control annual weeds. However there was little evidence of this. An early postemergence application of nicosulfuron when giant foxtail was 3 inches provided excellent control of giant foxtail, significantly improved control of redroot pigweed, and gave some improvement in control of common lambsquarters and velvetleaf. Nicosulfuron also provided some control of quackgrass which was in scattered clumps. A later postemergence nicosulfuron application when giant foxtail was 12 inches appeared to be less effective than the earlier application but as a second treatment improved control of quackgrass. Eastern black nightshade was not controlled by most treatments applied before it emerged or by nicosulfuron postemergence but dicamba plus atrazine did give good control. Some suppression in corn height was attributed primarily to competition from weeds that were not controlled early. For no-till corn in alfalfa sod one approach would be 0.25 lb/A dicamba plus 0.5 lb/A 2,4-D low volatile ester to control alfalfa and also using one or more herbicides for residual or postemergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds. Dicamba plus 106 atrazine appears to have significant potential to control alfalfa and also provide some residual control of annual weeds. Another approach might be to use a treatment to kill the alfalfa and follow with a postemergence application of nicosulfuron plus a herbicide to strengthen broadleaf weed control. However economics would need to be considered. Interaction of soil-applied insecticides and postemergence herbicides for corn. Effects on corn in 1990 from nicosulfuron or primisulfuron preceded by various soil insecticide applications were not as pronounced as in 1989 in northern Illinois soils relatively high in organic mater. However some effects were noted and were again more evident with primisulfuron than with nicosulfuron. Effects were most significant with terbufos but minor effects were also noted with some of the other insecticides. Observations suggested the possibility of these effects causing some delay in tassel emergence but results were not considered conclusive. A study at the Orr Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center on soil relatively low in organic matter demonstrated much more significant effects. Multi-species evaluation of preplant and preemergence soil-applied herbicides. There did not appear to be dramatic differences in tolerance of the various genetic lines of corn to the herbicides in this study. There were occasional indications of the safening effect from treating corn seed with naphthalic anhydride. Hairy vetch displayed relatively good tolerance to preplant incorporated treatments of dinitroaniline herbicides and to imazethapyr. Alfalfa and red clover displayed good tolerance to preplant incorporated dinitroanilines but not imazethapyr. Susceptibility of hairy vetch to the triazines, metribuzin, and acetanilides suggested that these herbicides might be useful for control. Tolerance of canola to dinitroanilines and acetanilides was indicated. Performance of dry flowable formulations of trifluralin was very similar to that of the EC formulation. However, a little clogging of nozzles was experienced with one DF formulation. Trifluralin plus metribuzin and chlorimuron performed very well except for control of eastern black nightshade and slight effect on soybeans. Trifluralin plus clomazone performed very well except for poor control of common cocklebur and fair control of annual morningglories. Clamozone plus metribuzin provided good control of most weed species except annual morningglories and eastern black nightshade but caused significant soybean injury. Imazethapyr in various combinations improved control of eastern black nightshade. The thiocarbamates plus atrazine provided good broad spectrum control. Preemergence application of clethodim at 0.188 lb/A gave very good control of most annual grass weeds except barnyardgrass and shattercane. Clethodim plus metribuzin and chlorimuron provided very good broad spectrum weed control except for shattercane and annual morningglories. ICIA5676 (acetochlor) provided excellent control of grass weeds and relatively good control of broadleaf weeds but this was strengthened with atrazine and slight effect on corn was noted. Similar observations were made for MON-8435 and MON-8422 with performance very similar for EC versus encapsulated formulations. Performance of alachlor MT and WDG formulations was very similar. 107 V-53482 gave good weed control but some crop injury. Metribuzin plus chlorimuron formulations with 10:1 and 6:1 ratios gave very similar weed control and crop response with the higher proportion of chlorimuron giving only slightly better weed control, primarily of annual morningglories. Premix or tank mix combinations of metolachlor plus metribuzin gave excellent control of most weed species but addition of chlorimuron improved control of annual morningglories significantly and helped on common cocklebur. Imazethapyr provided relatively good control but addition of pendimetholin improved control of shattercane, giant foxtail and annual morningglories. Metolachlor plus cyanazine performed similar to metolachlor plus atrazine, however cyanazine was slightly better for fall panicum while atrazine strengthened control of common cocklebur and velvetleaf slightly more than cyanazine. Premix formulations for alachlor and atrazine gave good control of annual grass weeds but amount of atrazine appeared low for good control of common cocklebur, velvetleaf and annual morningglory. Multi species evaluation of postemergence herbicides. Some differences were indicated in tolerance of genetic lines of corn to imazethapyr but little difference was noted for most other herbicides. Observations suggested potential for triazines and possibly some sulfonylureas for control of hairy vetch. Results foiled to suggest much potential for postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weed control in canola. Imazethapyr with Dash provided good control of most broadleaf and grass weeds except annual morningglories. Very good control of shattercane was noteworthy. Bentazon and aciflurofen plus sethoxydim provided excellent broad spectrum control. Substituting thifensulfuron for aciflurofen in this combination decreased control of annual morningglories and eastern black nightshade. Although chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron gave good control of most weed species, including common lambsquarters, this combination did not control eastern black nightshade and was weak on annual morningglories and velvetleaf. Fluazifop-P plus fomesafen provided good broad spectrum control with little opportunity for addition of 2,4-DB to improve control except for velvetleaf. V-23031 provided excellent control of common and giant ragweed, common sunflower, eastern black nightshade, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed at all rates used. However there was a rate response for cocklebur and annual morningglories. Bromoxynil alone or with atrazine gave excellent control of all broadleaf weeds except for redroot pigweed for which atrazine improved control. Pyridate gave excellent control of giant ragweed, common sunflower, eastern black nightshade, common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed. There was a rate response for common ragweed, annual morningglories, velvetleaf and cocklebur. Addition of atrazine to pyridate resulted in excellent control of all broadleaf weed species. CL-23747 gave good control of all broadleaf weeds but CL-23601 was weak on annual morningglories and velvetleaf. Bentazon plus atrazine provided excellent control of all broadleaf weeds. Major strength of fluroxypyr was on ragweeds, nightshade, morningglories and cocklebur; addition of 2,4-D improved control of velvetleaf and lambsquarters. Triclopyr plus 2,4-D gave good control of all broadleaves except nightshade. Clopyralid gave good control of ragweeds, morningglories and cocklebur but was weak on pigweed, lambsquarters and velvetleaf. In a separate trial the effectiveness of fluroxypyr on hemp dogbane was reconfirmed. 108 Adding lactofen to bentazon improved nightshade, pigweed, and morningglory control. Bentazon appeared to have some antagonistic effect on clethodim for foxtail control but good grass control was maintained when lactofen was mixed with clethodim, quizalofop or fluazifop-P. Although nicosulfuron gave better control of most annual grass weeds than primisulfuron, the latter appeared to be significantly better on cocklebur, velvetleaf and giant and common ragweed; both controlled pigweed and good control of smartweed has been observed with both. Nicosulfuron and most current sulfonylureas do not give good control of nightshade, but there appears to be evidence of primisulfuron activity on nightshade. The D+ isomer of quizalofop at 0.044 lb/A was equal to the regular quizalofop at twice that rate. There appeared to be a slight advantage for adding Dash adjuvant to the Poast Plus formulation of sethoxydim as well as to the regular formulation. 109 NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB APRIL, 1990 Date Mean Mean Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Wind Wind Rel Rel Precip 4" under soc Speed mph Direction degrees Max Min Mean Hum % Hum % inches Max Min 1 11 235 54 39 47 100 89 .22 48 42 2 14 303 39 34 36 100 93 45 39 3 11 321 52 31 40 98 49 47 37 4 7 282 56 35 43 100 53 .03 46 40 5 9 289 46 28 37 99 28 T 45 39 6 10 270 36 24 30 93 28 42 37 7 8 256 45 22 33 91 19 43 35 8 13 192 63 30 46 85 27 44 37 9 13 183 51 42 47 100 58 .41 44 40 10 13 359 47 34 41 100 66 .07 44 40 11 8 296 39 29 35 100 44 T 43 38 12 7 245 43 25 34 97 46 45 36 13 12 169 48 31 40 100 75 .62 43 37 14 9 261 56 38 45 100 50 .01 49 40 15 8 254 57 37 48 100 35 T 53 43 16 13 237 60 34 46 99 44 .02 50 43 17 8 312 46 29 37 96 19 48 41 18 8 176 55 27 42 94 20 50 39 19 13 172 57 34 47 100 58 T 48 42 20 7 213 60 51 55 100 100 .45 51 46 21 7 70 65 46 55 100 39 58 49 22 6 166 71 38 57 99 40 60 48 23 14 159 82 48 66 100 48 61 51 24 16 190 86 61 73 100 34 65 56 25 14 192 85 60 72 100 34 66 57 26 19 183 85 60 73 100 32 66 59 27 15 173 83 59 70 98 39 66 59 28 10 234 62 46 55 100 97 .21 63 56 29 11 135 73 44 57 100 28 62 53 30 8 282 60 45 53 100 32 60 55 110 NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB MAY, 1990 Date Mean Mean Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Wind Wind Rel Rel Precip 4" under sod Speed Direction Hum Hum mph degrees Max Min Mean % % inches Max Min 1 9 264 56 42 49 87 23 60 52 2 7 250 66 35 53 91 16 61 50 3 13 94 60 47 52 100 34 .15 57 52 4 22 47 48 44 46 100 98 1.24 53 48 5 7 289 61 39 49 100 75 .15 55 47 6 8 238 65 43 54 100 47 60 49 7 17 212 75 48 63 96 35 61 52 8 20 208 80 55 67 100 41 .55 63 55 9 16 187 65 42 58 100 82 .67 61 56 10 16 262 48 38 44 100 71 .50 57 50 11 7 174 61 38 51 100 28 59 48 12 16 52 52 48 49 100 89 .42 56 51 13 12 19 64 44 55 100 44 .02 60 50 14 14 144 68 46 57 100 94 59 53 15 12 88 67 54 59 100 98 59 55 16 12 217 69 57 63 100 85 .11 63 57 17 18 238 61 50 55 100 54 .01 60 56 18 10 239 72 46 59 94 28 63 53 19 16 130 70 55 62 100 73 .91 61 56 20 13 323 56 48 51 100 97 T 60 56 21 14 19 57 47 51 100 78 59 55 22 7 248 67 43 56 100 44 64 53 23 8 176 66 47 57 100 59 64 57 24 6 131 72 48 60 100 50 .04 66 57 25 14 58 60 55 58 100 100 .48 63 59 26 9 18 64 56 60 100 92 63 58 27 9 20 73 56 63 100 46 68 59 28 10 355 74 51 63 98 26 69 60 29 13 353 70 45 57 96 34 69 60 30 9 57 68 40 56 93 24 68 58 31 8 129 76 45 62 93 19 T 69 58 111 NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB JUNE, 1990 Date Mean Mean Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Wind Wind Rel Rel Precip 4" under soc Speed mph Direction degrees Max Min Mean Hum % Hum % inches Max Min 1 16 152 85 61 73 97 49 T 69 62 2 22 184 79 62 71 100 46 .22 69 64 3 22 257 68 49 58 96 47 65 59 4 8 341 65 46 54 93 18 66 56 5 9 174 62 44 55 100 60 .25 62 57 6 6 258 77 56 66 100 22 66 57 7 8 101 79 54 66 99 39 .42 67 63 8 9 236 77 63 70 100 66 .20 70 63 9 9 280 78 61 70 98 40 72 64 10 9 19 79 58 69 94 41 72 64 11 9 164 81 53 70 96 31 70 63 12 24 184 90 67 78 73 38 72 65 13 16 199 91 69 80 97 47 .22 74 67 14 8 295 81 65 73 99 65 .87 74 68 15 7 87 82 61 72 98 44 T 78 67 16 7 131 82 65 72 99 77 .11 74 69 17 15 205 84 66 75 100 71 .58 76 68 18 11 279 82 64 73 97 46 76 69 19 8 127 71 57 64 98 65 .13 72 67 20 8 227 80 62 69 100 61 .03 72 66 21 9 236 79 61 70 96 60 T 72 66 22 12 253 71 61 64 100 77 .98 70 66 23 9 301 73 59 65 98 56 .02 69 64 24 5 273 78 53 67 99 39 74 63 25 9 201 81 62 73 95 39 74 66 26 7 222 82 64 72 99 62 .21 76 67 27 7 175 85 65 75 99 59 78 70 28 10 165 85 64 72 100 80 .08 75 70 29 11 208 78 65 71 100 87 1.33 74 68 30 6 263 87 71 79 100 70 T 81 70 112 NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB JULY, 1990 Date Mean Mean Wind Wind Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Rel Rel Precip 4" under sod Hum Hum mph degrees Max Min Mean % % inches Max Min 1 8 43 77 60 70 99 62 79 72 2 7 154 81 56 70 100 53 T 79 69 3 14 180 87 65 78 97 59 79 71 4 11 230 93 73 84 98 58 82 73 5 7 356 83 59 72 99 61 .13 81 74 6 7 42 72 55 64 99 53 T 78 70 7 10 144 81 51 68 99 51 T 75 68 8 13 205 92 69 81 90 56 79 69 9 6 345 84 70 78 99 54 .13 81 73 10 6 39 76 63 70 100 71 .21 77 72 11 11 54 72 58 66 100 51 .30 73 69 12 14 30 72 53 64 98 63 71 66 13 11 26 65 57 61 98 66 .13 68 64 14 8 19 68 57 62 100 85 .21 68 63 15 4 217 71 58 63 100 96 .05 70 64 16 11 199 80 60 69 100 79 .31 72 64 17 11 195 81 66 74 100 62 75 68 18 8 199 84 66 73 100 81 .06 75 69 19 8 194 84 65 73 100 86 1.26 76 69 20 5 246 78 66 71 100 83 .41 75 70 21 4 10 78 62 69 100 63 .02 75 70 22 5 12 76 62 68 100 60 .02 75 69 23 4 278 75 58 67 100 52 T 75 69 24 4 222 78 58 69 100 60 .01 76 68 25 6 167 79 59 71 100 66 T 77 68 26 8 134 80 61 71 100 67 T 76 68 27 6 134 79 64 71 100 80 .18 75 68 28 7 165 82 68 75 100 86 .12 78 70 29 7 227 81 68 75 100 87 .64 80 72 30 8 3 79 59 70 100 74 T 79 72 31 5 21 71 54 62 100 64 77 70 113 ORR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER - PERRY APRIL - 1990 Soil Temp. F Wind Growing Date Precip. Air Temp. F 4" bare soil Humidity % speed degree Inches Min Max Min Max Min Max MPH days 1 0.05 42 55 43 52 78 100 5 2.5 1 2 0.03 31 69 42 60 44 100 14 9.5 3 0.00 26 41 38 43 66 100 5 0.0 4 0.00 28 50 42 50 46 100 7 0.0 5 0.00 35 62 39 57 28 62 4 6.0 6 0.00 21 47 36 48 30 78 7 0.0 7 0.00 19 44 35 49 26 100 4 0.0 8 0.00 26 53 35 54 20 80 2 1.5 9 0.06 33 69 39 59 20 100 4 9.5 10 0.03 41 58 47 50 58 100 7 4.0 11 0.01 30 49 39 49 76 100 15 0.0 12 0.00 20 43 37 51 30 100 7 0.0 13 0.08 37 52 36 56 26 100 12 1.0 14 0.64 38 48 44 45 100 100 4 0.0 15 0.01 36 55 44 53 50 100 6 2.5 16 0.16 30 58 43 53 50 100 6 4.0 17 0.07 31 63 42 57 50 100 10 6.5 18 0.00 25 50 40 55 20 100 1 0.0 19 0.02 32 56 40 56 26 100 4 3.0 20 0.14 41 58 44 51 86 100 9 4.0 21 0.00 52 69 50 58 88 100 7 10.5 22 0.00 40 67 51 63 80 100 4 8.5 23 0.00 45 77 50 68 52 100 4 13.5 24 0.01 59 85 56 71 40 100 10 22.0 25 0.00 60 87 60 75 26 100 1 22.5 26 0.02 57 85 62 76 40 100 5 21.0 1 27 0.00 57 84 61 75 44 100 6 20.5 28 0.80 47 79 59 71 60 100 14 14.5 29 0.01 35 55 50 61 68 100 10 2.5 30 0.00 38 73 54 65 56 100 10 11.5 Mean 37 61 45 58 49 97 7 6.7 Total 2.18 201 114 ORR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER - PERRY MAY - 1990 Soil Temp. F Wind Growing Date Precip. Air Temp. F 4" bare soil Humidity % speed degree Inches Min Max Min Max Min Max MPH days 1 0.0 39 59 51 62 32 92 7 4.5 2 0.0 34 60 51 67 26 100 2 5.0 3 0.32 38 63 49 62 22 100 8 6.5 4 1.26 44 52 53 53 100 100 5 1.0 5 0.01 39 56 49 55 80 100 5 3.0 6 0.01 44 68 47 67 34 100 1 7.0 7 0.00 47 72 52 69 26 92 7 11.0 8 0.00 56 78 54 72 30 86 8 17.0 9 0.00 55 79 53 73 48 100 15 17.0 10 0.27 38 71 50 64 64 100 20 10.5 11 0.00 40 59 49 61 26 92 5 4.5 12 1.12 46 68 48 68 28 100 8 9.0 13 0.50 45 63 54 60 100 100 10 6.5 14 0.01 45 66 54 66 56 100 5 8.0 15 0.00 49 73 54 65 66 100 8 11.5 16 1.76 58 69 59 61 100 100 7 13.5 17 0.16 48 71 57 65 74 100 12 11.0 18 0.00 49 69 55 69 24 80 4 9.5 19 0.08 55 80 56 73 30 100 10 17.5 20 0.40 49 73 59 67 80 100 10 11.5 21 0.01 47 60 58 64 98 100 4 5.0 22 0.01 46 56 56 60 94 100 5 3.0 23 0.00 43 69 55 72 40 100 0 9.5 24 0.00 52 67 55 64 64 100 8 9.5 25 1.38 55 71 57 64 74 100 8 13.0 26 0.13 56 77 59 72 72 100 3 16.5 27 0.01 50 65 60 65 100 100 2 7.5 28 0.00 55 73 58 70 66 100 4 14.0 29 0.01 50 70 58 65 68 100 4 10.0 30 0.00 44 79 57 74 36 100 6 14.5 31 0.00 43 69 58 67 50 100 5 9.5 Mean 47 68 54 66 58 98 7 9.6 Total 7.45 297 115 ORR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER JUNE - 1990 PERRY Soil r remp. F Wind Growing: Date Precip. Air Temp. F 4" bare soil Humidity % speed degree Inches Min Max Min Max Min Max MPH days 1 0.00 56 73 57 67 42 100 5 14.5 1 2 0.00 62 82 61 76 68 100 18 22.0 3 0.03 58 83 62 76 36 76 14 20.5 4 0.00 46 75 58 74 44 100 4 12.5 5 0.00 43 68 57 76 46 100 11 9.0 6 0.48 53 69 59 68 62 100 4 11.0 7 0.71 58 76 62 71 84 100 7 17.0 8 0.80 60 75 63 67 100 100 6 17.5 9 0.04 64 85 65 76 82 100 12 24.5 10 0.00 56 83 64 78 40 100 3 19.0 11 0.00 54 85 64 82 40 100 6 19.5 12 0.00 60 81 65 83 46 100 15 20.5 13 0.00 65 87 68 85 62 100 12 25.0 14 0.24 65 90 70 86 72 100 3 25.0 15 0.20 60 80 69 78 82 100 5 20.0 16 0.00 65 84 69 80 68 100 3 24.5 17 0.01 67 92 70 87 70 100 0 26.5 18 0.00 61 91 72 87 74 100 4 23.5 19 0.00 62 87 71 89 40 100 3 24.0 20 1.26 62 81 72 80 66 100 10 21.5 21 1.12 71 85 67 78 72 100 5 28.0 23.5 22 0.01 61 87 66 80 50 100 6 23 0.04 55 75 63 74 56 100 8 15.0 24 0.00 56 76 62 78 52 100 5 16.0 25 0.00 56 83 65 86 34 100 4 19.5 26 0.00 63 84 69 86 58 100 4 23.5 27 0.00 64 87 72 88 50 100 1 25.0 28 0.00 68 90 72 92 46 100 2 27.0 29 0.01 73 91 75 87 62 100 12 29.5 30 0.48 66 82 75 80 80 100 4 24.0 Mean 60 82 66 80 59 99 6.5 21.0 Total 5.43 629 116 AGRONOMY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY SOUTH FARM APRIL - 1990 URBANA Soil Temp. F Growing Date Precip. Air Temp. F 4" bare soil Humidity % degree Inches Min Max Mean Min Max days 1 0.00 42 57 46 60 100 2 0.09 46 46 46 60 84 3 0.00 33 44 42 46 84 4 0.00 33 50 43 40 75 5 0.02 31 60 43 92 100 6 0.00 25 58 46 58 100 7 0.00 28 58 46 58 100 8 0.00 20 58 44 26 94 9 0.01 36 64 50 34 100 10 0.80 42 62 47 64 100 11 0.44 33 52 44 80 100 12 0.00 26 44 42 52 100 13 0.00 39 48 43 44 100 14 0.51 41 48 42 76 100 15 0.02 34 55 44 74 100 16 0.00 36 55 47 86 100 17 0.09 35 60 47 72 100 18 0.00 28 48 45 36 100 19 0.00 38 55 48 36 74 20 0.00 52 58 46 36 100 5 21 0.03 52 62 50 96 100 7 22 0.21 46 67 54 64 100 5 23 0.00 50 72 59 46 100 11 24 0.00 56 85 61 52 100 21 25 0.00 58 85 66 52 100 22 26 0.00 56 85 68 50 100 21 27 0.00 56 83 69 54 100 20 28 0.00 56 83 68 52 100 20 29 0.03 45 64 62 64 100 5 30 0.00 47 73 66 60 100 10 Mean 41 61 51 57 97 13 Total 2.25 147 117 AGRONOMY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY SOUTH FARM MAY - 1990 URBANA Soil Temp. F Growing Date Precip. Air Temp. F 4" bare soil Humidity % degree Inches Min Max Mean Min Max days 1 0.00 46 73 62 48 100 10 2 0.00 40 63 62 36 76 7 3 0.09 46 65 61 36 100 6 4 0.90 53 56 55 100 100 5 5 0.05 47 70 57 54 100 9 6 0.22 46 65 57 46 100 6 7 0.00 49 67 60 44 100 8 8 0.00 58 77 61 44 100 18 9 0.00 56 78 64 50 100 17 10 0.83 44 78 63 56 100 11 11 0.00 33 53 51 58 100 0 12 1.20 50 67 56 46 100 9 13 0.65 49 63 55 100 100 6 14 0.00 50 63 58 82 100 7 15 0.01 60 68 60 86 100 14 16 3.58 62 69 62 100 100 16 17 0.29 52 71 63 52 100 12 18 0.00 50 67 60 46 100 9 19 0.00 56 76 62 46 100 16 20 0.20 61 70 62 78 100 16 21 0.00 50 70 63 70 100 10 22 0.02 49 56 57 96 100 3 23 0.00 47 68 63 44 100 8 24 0.11 49 64 58 60 100 7 25 0.71 57 71 59 56 100 14 26 0.20 60 72 61 100 100 16 27 0.00 70 70 63 76 100 13 28 0.00 72 72 65 68 100 15 29 0.00 52 75 62 38 100 14 30 0.00 44 77 64 38 100 13 31 0.00 51 71 65 38 100 11 Mean 51 69 60 61 99 10.5 Total 9.06 326 118 AGRONOMY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY SOUTH FARM JUNE - 1990 URBANA Soil Temp. F Growing Date Precip. Air Temp. F 4" bare soil Humidity % degree Inches Min Max Mean Min Max days 1 0.00 58 77 69 34 100 18 2 0.16 65 85 74 66 100 20 3 0.00 58 86 70 48 100 22 4 0.00 50 80 65 44 100 15 5 0.00 46 80 67 46 100 15 6 0.00 60 70 64 46 100 15 7 1.00 62 72 65 90 100 17 8 1.11 65 75 67 100 100 20 9 0.12 70 86 72 46 100 28 10 0.00 62 82 73 46 100 22 11 0.00 56 80 73 46 100 18 12 0.00 63 83 79 40 100 23 13 0.00 66 86 78 46 100 26 14 0.11 70 91 78 52 100 31 15 0.00 65 81 76 80 100 23 16 0.00 68 91 80 40 100 25 17 0.01 68 92 83 56 100 30 18 1.18 66 93 81 54 100 29 19 0.00 58 86 75 44 100 22 20 2.38 64 78 73 68 100 21 21 0.06 61 77 70 78 100 19 22 0.27 64 85 73 74 100 25 23 0.31 58 75 69 86 100 17 24 0.00 60 73 67 64 100 17 25 0.00 59 79 72 42 100 19 26 0.00 61 82 75 46 100 22 27 0.00 65 84 78 56 100 25 28 0.00 69 90 80 40 100 30 29 1.22 61 90 80 72 100 26 30 0.49 60 86 77 70 100 23 Mean 62 83 73 57 100 22 Total 8.42 663 119 HERBICIDE TERMINOLOGY FOR 1990 Common Name or Code Name Trade Name Company Acetochlor & safener ICI-5676 ICI Acifluorfen Blazer BASF Alachlor Lasso Monsanto Alachlor & atrazine Lariat Monsnato Alachlor & trifluralin Cannon Monsanto Alachlor MT & atrazine Bullet Monsanto Atrazine AAtrex CIBA-Geigy Bentazon Basagran BASF Bentazon & acifluorfen Galaxy, Storm BASF Bentazon & atrazine Laddok BASF Bromoxynil Buctril Rhone-Poulenc Butylate & atrazine Sutazine ICI Butylate & dichlormid Sutan+ ICI Chloramben Amiben Rhone-Poulenc Chlorimuron Classic DuPont CGA-1 80937 Metolachlor & CGA-1 54281 CIBA-Geigy CGA-1 36872 Beacon CIBA-Giegy CL-11068 Agrolinz CL-23601 Agrolinz CL-23747 Agrolinz Clethodim Select Valent Clomazone Command FMC Clomazone & trifluralin Commence Dow - Elanco, FMC Clopyralid(XRM-3972) Stinger Dow - Elanco Clopyralid & 2,4-D Curtail Dow - Elanco Cyanazine Bladex DuPont Cyanazine & atrazine 3:1 Extrazine II DuPont 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester Weedone LV4 Rhone-Poulenc 2,4-DB dimethyl amine Butyrac 200 Rhone-Poulenc Dicamba Banvel Sandoz Dicamba & atrazine Marksman Sandoz Diquat Diquat Valent DPX-79406 nicosulfuron & DPXE9636 Du Pont EPTC Eptam ICI EPTC & dichlormid Eradicane ICI EPTC & dichlormid & dietholate Eradicane Extra ICI Ethalfluralin Sonalan Dow - Elanco F-80(naphthalic anhydride) Advantage FMC Fenoxaprop Option Hoechst - Roussel Fluazifop-P Fusilade 2000 ICI Fluazifop-P & fomesafen Tornado ICI Fluroxypyr(EF-689) Starane Dow - Elanco Fomesafen Reflex ICI 120 HERBICIDE TERMINOLOGY FOR 1990 Company Common Name or Code Name Trade Name Glyphosate Roundup Glyphosate & alachlor Bronco Haloxyfop Verdict HOE-39866 Ignite Imazaquin Scepter Imazaquin & pendimethalin Squadron Imazethapyr Pursuit Imazethapyr & pendimethalin Pursuit Plus Imazethapyr & trifluralin Passport Lactofen Cobra Linuron & chlorimuron Lorox Plus Metolachlor & atrazine Bicep Metolachlor & CGA-1 54281 Dual & safener Metribuzin Lexone, Sencor Metribuzen & chlorimuron Preview, Canopy Metribuzin & trifluralin Salute Metribuzin & metolachlor Turbo MON-9828 (alachlor WDG) MON-8422 MON-8435 Nicosulfuron Accent Oryzalin Surflan Paraquat Gramoxone Super Pendimethalin Prowl Pyridate Tough Quizalofop Assure Quizalofop D + isomer Assure II Sethoxydim Poast Sethoxydim & adujuvant Poast Plus Sulphosate Touchdown Thifensulfuron methyl Pinnacle Trifluralin Treflan Trifluralin 80DF (GX-217) Trilin GRP Trifluralin 60DF Trific Trifluralin & clomazone Commence Triclopyr Garlon Triclopyr & 2,4-D ester (XRM-4715) Crossbow Tridiphane Tandem UAP-112 UAP-105 V-23031 V-53482 (XRM-4814) Triclopyr & 2,4-D amine Monsanto Monsanto Dow - Elanco Hoechst - Roussel American Cyanamid American Cyanamid American Cyanamid American Cyanamid American Cyanamid Valent DuPont CIBA-Geigy CIBA-Geigy DuPont, Mobay DuPont Mobay Mobay Monsanto Monsanto Monsanto Du Pont Elanco ICI American Cyanamid Agrolinz DuPont DuPont BASF BASF ICI Du Pont Dow - Elanco Griffin Terra Elanco, FMC Dow - Elanco Dow - Elanco Dow - Elanco United Agri Products United Agri Products Valent Valent Dow - Elanco 121 TRADE NAMES OF HERBICIDES USED IN 1990 Trade Name Common Name(s) Company AAtrex Atrazine CIBA-Geigy Accent Nicosulfuron (DPX-9360) DuPont Amiben Chloramben Rhone -Poulenc Assure Quizalofop DuPont Assure II Quizalofop D+ isomer DuPont Banvel Dicamba Sandoz Beacon Primisulfuron (CGA-136872) CIBA-Geigy Bladex Cyanazine DuPont Blazer Acifluorfen BASF Brominal Bromoxynil Rhone-Poulenc Bronco Glyphosate & alachlor Monsanto Buctril Bromoxynil Rhone-Poulenc Bullet Alachlor MT & atrazine Monsanto Butyrac 200 2,4-DB dimethyl amine Rhone-Poulenc Canopy Metribuzin & chlorimuron 6:1 DuPont Classic Chlorimuron DuPont Cobra Lactofen Valent Command Clomazone FMC Commence Clomazone & trifluralin FMC, Dow - Elanco Crossbow Triclopyr & 2,4-D Dow - Elanco Curtail Clopyralid & 2,4-D Dow - Elanco Dual Metolachlor CIBA-Geigy Eptam EPTC ICI Eradicane EPTC & dichlormid ICI Eradicane Extra EPTC & dichlormid & dietholate ICI Extrazine II Cyanazine & atrazine 3:1 DuPont Fusilade 2000 Fluazifop-P ICI Galaxy Bentazon & acifluorfen BASF Gramoxone Super Paraquat ICI Ignite HOE-39866 Hoechst-Roussel Laddok Bentazon & atrazine BASF Lariat Alachlor & atrazine Monsanto Lasso Alachlor Monsanto Lexone Metribuzin DuPont Linex Linuron Griffin Lontrel Clopyralid Dow - Elanco Lorox Linuron DuPont Marksman Dicamba & atrazine Sandoz 122 TRADE NAMES OF HERBICIDES USED IN 1990 Trade Name Common Name(s) Company Option Fenoxaprop Hoechst - Roussel Passport Imazethapyr & trifluralin American Cyanamid Pinnacle Thifensulfuron methyl DuPont Poast Sethoxydim BASF Poast Plus Sethoxydim & adjuvant BASF Preview Metribuzin & chlorimuron 10:1 DuPont Prowl Pendimethalin American Cyanamid Pursuit Imazethapyr American Cyanamid Pursuit Plus Pendimethalin & imazethapyr American Cyanamid Reflex Fomesafen ICI Roundup Glyphosate Monsanto Salute Metribuzin & trifluralin Mobay Scepter Imazaquin American Cyanamid Select Clethodim Valent Sencor Metribuzin Mobay Sonalan Ethalfluralin Dow - Elanco Squadron Imazaquin & pendimethalin American Cyanamid Stinger Clopyralid Dow - Elanco Storm Bentazon & acifluorfen BASF Sutan+ Butylate & dichlormid ICI Tandem Tridiphane Dow - Elanco Tornado Fluazifop-P & fomesafen ICI Touchdown Sulphosate ICI Tough Pyridate Agrolinz Trific Trifluralin 60DF Terra Tri-Scept Imazaquin & trifluralin American Cyanamid Treflan Trifluralin Dow - Elanco Turbo Metribuzin & alachlor Mobay Verdict Haloxyfop Dow - Elanco Note: Package mix products (consisting of 2 or more active ingredients blended by the manufacturer into one product) are identified with an "&" symbol between the common names of the active ingredients. 123 WEED NAMES AND ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Common Name Scientific Name Bucu Burcucumber Sicvos angulatus Bygr Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-ealli Cath Canada thistle Cirsium arvense Cocb Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium Coch Common chickweed Stellaria media Colq Common lambsquarters Chenopodium album Corw Common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia Cosf Common sunflower Helianthus annuus Dali Dandelion Taraxacum officinale Dafl daisy fleabane Erigeron sp. Ebns Eastern black nightshade Solanum ptveanthum Fapa Fall panicum Panicum dichotomiflorum Gift Giant foxtail Setaria faberi Girw Giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida Grft Green foxtail Setaria viridis Howe Horseweed Convza canadensis Ilmg Ivyleaf morningglory Ipomoea hederacea Jiwe Jimsonweed Datura stramonium Lacg Large crabgrass Digitaria saneuinalis Pesw Pennsylvania smartweed Polvgonum pensvlvanicum Prle Prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola Prsi Prickly sida Sida spinosa Rrpw Redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Shea Shattercane Sorghum bicolor Shpu Shepherdspurse Capsella bursa-pastoris Smgc Smooth groundcherry Phvsalis subglabrata Smpw Smooth pigweed Amaranthus hvbridus Tamg Tall morningglory Ipomoea purpurea Vele Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Vema Venice mallow Hibiscus trionum Yeft Yellow foxtail Setaria glauca 124 \ D( 3kalb \ D \ Monmouth n Urbana D Perry DKilbourne Brownstown n Dixon Springs n 125 252 °4to5 oir 43794 -/ 8UI UNIVERSITY OF ILL1N0IS-URBANA SnWeEO SCIENCE &CH AND EXTEN 1990 3 0112 020037286