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To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN L 1 6 1 — O- 1 096 ACES LIBRARY MAY 1 9 2005 UNIVERSITY OF it HNOIR Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/universityofilli1991wuniv ft t?s I >is d Science earch and Extension lonstration Report I M The University of ILLINOIS at Urb ana-Champaign Special Report 1991-10 it of Agronomy il Experiment Station 3VU8I1 S30V Agriculture of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign II i .*/*. uuuih Goodwin Ave. I Urbana, IL 61801 1991 Illinois Weed Science Research and Extension Demonstration Report Final M The University of ILLINOIS at Urbana-Champaign Agronomy Special Report 1991-10 Department of Agronomy Agricultural Experiment Station College of Agriculture University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1102 South Goodwin Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is an affirmative action/equal opportunity institution. INDEX Page l Introduction 3 Efficacy of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron on perennial grasses and legumes. 5 Single herbicide application for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn. 7 Sequential herbicide applications for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn. 10 Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides. 17 Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides. 24 Evaluation of V-53482 combinations for stale seedbed soybeans. 27 Evaluation of V-53482 and metolachlor for weed control under two soil moisture conditions. 30 Evaluation of soil -applied lactofen plus alachlor for weed control in soybeans. 32 Evaluation of lactofen soil-applied followed by sequential application of lactofen plus clethodim. 35 Evaluation of lactofen combinations for weed control in soybeans. 37 Evaluation of clethodim postemergence combinations for weed control in soybeans. 39 Effect of imazethapyr on the performance of postemergence herbicides used for control of grass weeds. 41 Evaluation of quizalofop for early preplant of no-till soybeans. 43 Evaluation of clethodim with imazethapyr, lactofen, and chlorimuron plus metribuzin preplant for no-till soybeans. 45 Evaluation of herbicide combinations for no-till soybeans. 47 Weed control for no-till corn in soybean stubble. 49 Weed control for no-till soybeans after corn. 52 Evaluation of adjuvants for nicosulfuron. 54 Evaluation of nicosulfuron in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn. 58 Effect of time of day for application of sethoxydim. 60 Evaluation of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans with chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, and imazethapyr. 63 Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till. 67 Control of hemp dogbane with sponge applications of glyphosate. 69 Weed control for set-aside soybeans. 72 Field corn herbicide evaluation for no-till in clover sod. 75 Soybean herbicide evaluation for no-till soybeans after corn. 78 Evaluation of herbicides for clover establishment. 81 Interaction of soil-applied terbufos formulations and nicosulfuron for corn. 82 Interaction of soil-applied insecticides and postemergence herbicides for corn. 83 The use of banded herbicide applications and cultivation for weed control in corn. 86 The use of banded herbicides and cultivation for weed control in soybeans. 89 Evaluation of postemergence herbicides for control of weeds in soybeans. 91 Summary INTRODUCTION This report presents results from a portion of the weed science research of the University of Illinois. Emphasis is placed on research at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center near DeKalb. However, significant research is also conducted at the Orr Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center near Perry in western Illinois, and at the Northwestern Agronomy Research and Demonstration Center near Monmouth as well as at Urbana. Many individuals have been involved with this year's research: Area Agronomists IPM Specialists Lyle E. Paul (DeKalb) Joseph D. Walsh Glenn A. Raines (Perry-Orr) David C. Feltes Michael J. Mainz (Monmouth) M. Gene Oldham (Urbana) Computer Programs Les V. Boone - Coordinator David R. Pike Farm Foremen County Extension Advisers David Lindgren (DeKalb) Stan R. Eden Mike Vose (Perry-Orr) Roland Caul kins (Monmouth) Graduate Students Mike Plotner (Urbana) Dale L. Baird Robert C. Bellm Community Colleges Craig A. Tomera Ronald W. Heisner (Kishwaukee) Steven B. Mulrooney Russell Higgins (Joliet) Russell A. Higgins Entomol ogy Undergraduate Students Kevin L. Steffey Dan Block Hassan Oloumi-Sadeghi Michael Sleight Don Gibson Secretaries Jason Anderson Sharon E. Conatser Kris A. Ritter In addition, inputs have been made by other weed science and agronomy staff of the University of Illinois. Appreciation is expressed to the administration of the Department of Agronomy, the Agricultural Experiment Station and others of the College of Agriculture, particularly for land, facilities, equipment and personnel at the research centers. A special thanks is extended to Ron Heisner for his involvement at DeKalb, to Dave Pike for his initiative at the Orr and Monmouth centers, and to Joseph Walsh for his involvement at DeKalb and Urbana. Special recognition is also extended to the area agronomists and farm foremen for their very professional and dedicated efforts. We are very grateful to the many industry representatives who have provided valuable suggestions and encouragement. We especially acknowledge: Luis Figuerola - Agrolinz Inc. Bryan Gentsch and Fred Arnold - American Cyanamid Brian Freed and Mike McKeague - BASF Charles Pearson - CIBA-GEIGY Corp. Loralee Miller and Thomas Strachota - Dairyland Seed Co. Inc. Clarence Jentes - Dow-El anco Kevin Hahn and Lawrence S. Tapia - DuPont Robert S. Perry - FMC Corporation Edwin Koldenhoven and James Bone - Griffin Earl Kingman and Larry Weller - Growmark Bill Bertges - Hoechst Roussel Ronald Wolfe, Dale Chaney, and Gary Sexson - ICI Americas David Nanda and Chan Sieben - Independent Professional Seedsmen Assoc. Randy Myers - Mobay Corporation Jerry Flint - Monsanto John Schoper - Pioneer Hi-Bred William Striegel - Rhone-Poulenc Luke Bozeman and Gary Schmitz - Sandoz Crop Protection James Bower and James Garvin - Terra International Frank Fronek and John Pickle - United Agri Products Stephen L. Pearson - Spraying Systems Co. Keith Sheriff and Howard Shepherd - Valent More than thirty experiments were conducted at six different locations in the state with a variety of soil and climatic conditions. Land area is estimated at about 50 acres. Emphasis is placed on research that will help farmers operate more efficiently and conserve their land and energy resources while also maintaining environmental quality. An estimated 350 million dollars worth of herbicides are used in Illinois by about 85,000 farmers and over 10,000 commercial applicators on about 20 million acres. Thus, a significant research effort is devoted to herbicides. However, a variety of weed control practices are considered. We have attempted to place emphasis on research that will help farmers obtain broad-spectrum control at a reasonable cost. When we visualize new needs and opportunities, we attempt to design systems to fit changing production practices. However, we continue "standard" research to delineate optimum rates of herbicides for most of the crops and individual weed species of the state. We also consider potential for effect on subsequent crops. As research results are moved into the technology transfer system, this information will be helpful to farmers, dealers, applicators and others facing the increased complexity of designing weed control systems. It is also our goal that the results presented here will be helpful to industry in planning their development strategy for Illinois. We sincerely appreciate the cooperation of those involved with our University of Illinois weed science research and demonstration program. Ellery L. Knake Efficacy of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron on perennial grasses and legumes. Mulrooney, Steven B., Ellery L. Knake, Lyle E. Paul, and Ronald W. Heisner. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for using nicosulfuron or primisulfuron to control established Kentucky bluegrass, smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, tall observations were made on alfalfa and Organic matter: 6% Soil pH: 6.1 Soil type: Drummer silty clay loam applied November 17, 1990; 120 lb K Reed canarygrass Location: Plot size: Drainage: In addition, DeKalb SW500 10 X 160 ft fair and Fertility: PA ,0 120 lb A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the grass. fescue, timothy, red clover. Slope: 1 to 2% Exp. design: Randomized complete block Replications: 3 applied November 15, 1990. 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inch: Bluegrass height (inch) Brome height (inch) Orchardgrass height (inch) April 26, 1991 8:00 to 8:30am Postemergence 54 49 9.5 13 Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Sky (% overcast) : Relative humidity(%): Tall fescue height (inch) Timothy height (inch) Reed canarygrass height (inch) moist 8 ESE 3 73 8.5 8.5 9.5 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 0.14 following week: 0.57 Red clover Height (inch) 3.5 Alfalfa Height (inch) 7.5 Nicosulfuron did not give good control of established Kentucky bluegrass, smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue or Reed canarygrass. However, nicosulfuron did control timothy relatively well. Control of these grasses with primisulfuron was less than with nicosulfuron except for smooth bromegrass. Except for the possibility of nicosulfuron on timothy, control was not considered commercially adequate. Results suggested the possibility of Kentucky bluegrass having adequate tolerance to allow selective use of primisulfuron. Tall fescue and orchardgrass may also be in this same category. For alfalfa and red clover, control with primisulfuron was relatively good and nicosulfuron gave partial control. This suggests that these compounds may be useful for additional control of alfalfa or clover, for example, in no-till corn where an earlier treatment did not give complete control. Control of alfalfa or red clover in soybeans, especially with primisulfuron, may also be a possibility if sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans were used. Glyphosate provided good control of Kentucky bluegrass, timothy, and Reed canarygrass; relatively good control of orchardgrass, red clover and alfalfa; but had only modest effect on smooth bromegrass and tall fescue under the conditions of this study. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) Table. Efficacy of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron on perennial grasses and legumes (Mulrooney, Knake, Paul, and Heisner). Kebg Kebg Smbr Smbr Orgr Orgr Tafe Tafe 6/7 7/3 6/7 7/3 6/7 7/3 6/7 7/3 Treatment Rate -- Injury — (lb/A) (%) {%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Nicosulfuron + COC 0.03125 30 17 17 10 30 13 30 30 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.0625 40 20 27 3 40 20 40 40 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 10 7 40 33 10 10 10 3 Primisulfuron + COC 0.072 20 10 50 47 20 20 20 10 Glyphosate 2.0 100 100 57 90 90 90 50 50 LSD(0.05) 0 6 19 9 0 5 0 5 Timothy Timothy Recg Recg Clover Clover Alfalfa Alfalfa 6/7 7/3 6/7 7/3 6/7 7/3 6/7 7/3 Treatment Rate ] injury (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (X) Nicosulfuron + COC 0.03125 90 90 60 40 70 30 40 40 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.0625 100 100 70 53 80 70 50 53 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 30 7 40 30 90 96 90 85 Primisulfuron + COC 0.072 50 23 50 43 100 100 100 95 Glyphosate 2.0 100 100 100 100 90 92 90 95 LSD(0.05) 0 8 0 8 0 5 0 8 COC @ 1.6 qt/A: crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. Kebg is Kentucky bluegrass. Smbr is smooth bromegrass. Orgr is orchardgrass. Tafe is tall fescue. Recg is Reed canarygrass. Clover is red clover. Single herbicide application for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn Craig A., Ellery L. Knake, Lyle E. Paul, Ronald W. Heisner, and David R. Pike. The this study was to evaluate herbicide treatments that give broad spectrum weed control conveniently and economically for soybeans no-till after corn with a single application Tomera, purpose of Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb SW600S 10 X 29 ft. fair 5 to 6% 6.2 Soil type: Drummer silty clay loam Slope: 0 to 1% Exp. design: Randomized complete block 3 cultivated July 8, 1991. mph with 30 Repl ications: Tillage: Disked to chop stalks November 1, 1990; A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles and 20 inches above the soil surface. Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybeans Pioneer 9272 54.5 lb/A May 3, 1991 30 inch psi and 8004 spaced 20 inches flat fan apart Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inch: April 24, 1991 10:30am to noon Preemergence 54 47 Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph): 8 SSW Sky (% overcast): 25 Relative humidity(%): 37 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 0.15 following week: 0.57 Giant foxtail leaf no. 2 height (inch) 0.25 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 2 cotyl height (inch) 0.5 Pennsylvania smartweed leaf no. 2 cotyl height (inch) 0.5 Metribuzin and chlorimuron in either a 6:1 or 10:1 ratio provided broad spectrum control of broadleaf weeds but only fair control of giant foxtail. Addition of pendimethalin, alachlor or metolachlor improved control of giant foxtail but control was not complete. Addition of clethodim or haloxyfop to metribuzin and chlorimuron was only partially successful in providing residual as well as burndown of grass weeds. Imazethapyr plus pendimethalin provided excellent control of the spectrum of broadleaf weeds present and good control of giant foxtail. Clomazone alone or in combination with metribuzin, metribuzin and chlorimuron, or pendimethalin provided excellent broad spectrum control of both broadleaf and grass weeds. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) J Table 1. Single herbicide application for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn (Tomera, Knake, Paul, Heisner, and Pike). Soybean Soybean G ift Gift Colq Col i 3/22 6/7 5/22 6/7 5/22 6/ Treatment Rate injury _ - cont (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (* Metribuzin & chlorimuron 0.28 & 0.047 0 0 50 63 100 1C Metr & cli m + pendimethal in 0.28 & 0.047 + 1.0 0 0 80 88 100 1C Metr & cli m + alachlor 0.28 & 0.047 + 2.5 0 0 90 93 100 1C Metr & cli m + metolalachlor 0.28 & 0.047 + 2.0 0 0 88 93 100 1C Metr & cli m 0.35 & 0.035 0 0 80 70 100 1C Metr & cli m + pend 0.35 & 0.035 + 1.0 0 0 87 80 100 1C Metr & cli m + alac 0.35 & 0.035 + 2.5 0 0 87 85 100 1C Metr & cl im + meto 0.35 & 0.035 + 2.5 0 0 80 83 100 1C Pend & imazethapyr 0.875 & 0.063 0 0 87 91 98 1C Pend & imep + 2,4-D1 0.875 & 0.063 + 0.475 0 0 90 94 100 1C Pend & imep + metr 0.875 & 0.063 + 0.38 1.6 0 88 95 100 1C Clomazone 1.0 0 0 100 99 100 1C Clom + metr 0.75 + 0.38 5 0 98 99 100 1C Clom + metr & cl im 0.5 + 0.14 & 0.024 0 0 98 99 100 1C Clom + metr & cl im 0.75 + 0.21 & 0.035 5 0 98 99 100 1C Clom + pend 0.75 + 1.0 0 0 95 96 100 1C Metr & clim + haloxyfop 0.28 & 0.047 + 0.2 0 0 87 87 100 1C Metr & clim + clethodim 0.28 & 0.047 + 0.094 0 0 80 73 100 1C Metr & clim + clet 0.35 & 0.035 + 0.094 0 0 70 67 100 1C Check 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 1 0 5 8 1 Table 2. Single herbicide application for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn (Ton Knake. Paul. Heisner. and Pike). Vele Vele Pesw Pesw Soybec 5/22 6/7 5/22 6/7 yielc Treatment Rate control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/c Metribuzin & chlorimuron 0.28 & 0.047 100 100 100 100 20.- Metr & cli m + pendimethal in 0.28 & 0.047 + 1.0 97 100 100 100 29. < Metr & cli m + alachlor 0.28 & 0.047 + 2.5 97 100 100 100 33.1 Metr & cli m + metolalachlor 0.28 & 0.047 + 2.0 92 100 100 100 34.6 Metr & cli m 0.35 & 0.035 97 100 100 100 28. y Metr & cli m + pend 0.35 & 0.035 + 1.0 87 100 100 100 28. J Metr & cli m + alac 0.35 & 0.035 + 2.5 85 100 100 100 35.5 Metr & clim + meto 0.35 & 0.035 + 2.5 65 100 100 100 24. c Pend & imazethapyr 0.875 & 0.063 93 100 100 100 31. S Pend & imep + 2,4-D1 0.875 & 0.063 + 0.475 92 100 100 100 34.7 Pend & imep + metr 0.875 & 0.063 + 0.38 97 100 100 100 31J Clomazone 1.0 97 100 100 100 34. i Clom + metr 0.75 + 0.38 98 100 100 100 32.2 Clom + metr & clim 0.5 + 0.14 & 0.024 97 100 100 100 33J Clom + metr & cl im 0.75 + 0.21 & 0.035 98 100 100 100 32J Clom + pend 0.75 + 1.0 95 100 100 100 36.2 Metr & clim + haloxyfop 0.28 & 0.047 + 0.2 95 100 100 100 29. S Metr & clim + clethodim 0.28 & 0.047 + 0.094 88 100 100 100 25.2 Metr & clim + clet 0.35 & 0.035 + 0.094 83 100 100 100 22J Check 0 0 0 0 9.S LSD(0.05) 19 0 0 0 6.2 :The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester. Sequential Tomera, Craig A., herbicide applications for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn Ellery L. Knake, Lyle E. Paul, Ronald W. Heisner, and David R. Pike, The Soil type: purpose of this study was to evaluate sequential herbicide treatments for no-till soybeans after corn. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb SW600N 10 X 29 ft. fair 5 to 6.2 6% Slope: Exp. design: Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybeans Pioneer 9272 54.5 lb/A May 3, 1991 30 inch Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block Replications: 3 Tillage: Disked to chop stalks November 1, 1990; cultivated July 8, 1991. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface for preemergence and 20 inches above the weeds for postemergence. Date: April 24 May 23 May 30 Time: 12:00 noon 8:15am 10:15am Treatment: Preemergence Postemergence Late postemergence Temperature (F) air: 61 70 75 soil under sod 4 inch: 49 64 70 Soil moisture: moist moist moist Wind (mph): 10 SSW 13 NNE 4 W Sky (% overcast): 25 85 5 Relative humidity(%): 22 95 75 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 0.15 0.82 3.93 following week: 0.57 3.93 1.23 Giant foxtail Soybeans Giant foxtail leaf no. 2 leaf no. uni foliate leaf no. 5 height (inch) 0.25 height (inch) 3 height (inch) 4 to Common lambsquarters Giant foxtail leaf no. 2 to 4 leaf no. 1 to 2 height (inch) 0.5 height (inch) 2 to 4 Pennsylvania smartweed Yellow nutsedge leaf no. 2 cotyl leaf no. 4 height (inch) 0.5 height (inch) 4 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 10 to 12 height (inch) 4 to 5 Velvetleaf leaf no. 3 height (inch) 3 Pennsylvania smartweed leaf no. 3 height (inch) 3 Barnyard grass leaf no. 2 height (inch) 4 Paraquat plus metribuzin followed by fluazifop-P, metribuzin and chlorimuron followed by quizalofop or clethodim, and acifluorfen plus metribuzin followed by sethoxydim all provided very good broad spectrum weed control. Early application of 2,4-D or 2,4-DB plus sethoxydim performed well. And acifluorfen plus 2,4-D early followed by bentazon plus acifluorfen and then sethoxydim also performed very well. Glyphosate or sulphosate followed by fomesafen and fluazifop-P gave good control of giant foxtail but incomplete control of broadleaf weeds. Similarly, fomesafen followed by fluazifop-P gave good control of giant foxtail but not all of broadleaf weeds. Lactofen followed by clethodim plus lactofen performed well except on common lambsquarters. Substituting thifensulfuron for chlorimuron with metribuzin followed by quizalofop gave excellent broadleaf weed control and appeared to control the early emerging giant foxtail but not that which emerged after application of the quizalofop. (Dept of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) Table 1. Sequential herbicide applications for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn (Tomera, Knake, Paul, Heisner, and Pike). Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Colq Colq 5/22 6/7 5/22 6/7 5/22 6/7 Treatment Rate — ii njury — (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Paraquat + Metribuzin + 0.625 + 0.38 3 7 57 100 100 100 X-77/fluazifop-P + COC1 0.25% / 0.188 Metr & chlorimuron + COC/ 0.28 & 0.047 0 8 57 99 100 100 quizalofop + COC 0.044 Metr & dim + COC/ 0.28 & 0.047 0 7 57 100 100 100 clethodim + COC 0.094 Acifluorfen + metr + COC/ 0.125 + 0.38 5 8 50 99 100 100 sethoxydim + COC 0.125 2,4-D2 + seth + COC/ 0.475 + 0.0625/ 3 10 20 93 90 100 bentazon & acif+ 0.75 & 0.17 + 28%N/ seth + COC3 1 gal/ 0.125 2,4-DB + seth + COC/ 0.2 + 0.0625/ 0 8 10 92 93 100 bent & acif + seth + Dash4 0.92 + 0.125 4 ■ 1% Glyphosate/ 0.38/ 0 8 10 100 80 93 fluazifop-P & fomesafen+COC 0.188 & 0.25 Sulphosate/ 0.38/ 0 5 23 100 7 27 fluazifop-p & fomesafen+COC 0.188 & 0.25 Fome + COC/ 0.25/ 0 5 53 100 67 47 flfp + COC 0.188 Acif + 2,4-D + Dash/ 0.125 + 0.48 5 8 47 99 97 100 bent & acif + 28%N + X-775/ 0.92 + 2% + 1/8%/ seth + Dash 0.125 + 1/2% Lactofen + COC/ 0.2/ 0 17 33 100 70 80 lact + clet + COC 0.2 + 0.094 + 1/2% Metribuzin + thifensulfuron + 0.38 + 0.004 -f 0 8 60 87 100 100 COC/ quizalofop + COC 0.044 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 2 5 7 6 12 18 COC @ 1.0 qt/A: Crop oil concentrate, 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, with 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 2 The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester. 3 Final sequential treatment applied 5/30/91 at 10:15 am. 4 Dash @ 1.0 pt/A: an adjuvant from BASF. 5 X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. Table 2. Sequential herbicide applications for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn (Tomera, Knake, Paul, Heisner, and Pike). Vele Vele Pesw Pesw Soybean 5/22 6/7 5/22 6/7 yield Treatment Rate control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A) Paraquat + Metribuzin + 0.625 + 0.38 73 92 100 100 36.4 X-77/fluazifop-P + COC 0.25% 0.188 Metr & chlorimuron + COC/ 0.28 & 0.047 83 99 100 100 40.1 quizalofop + COC 0.044 Metr & clim + COC/ 0.28 & 0.047 80 100 100 100 40.7 clethodim + COC 0.094 Acifluorfen + metr + COC/ 0.125 + 0.38 88 97 100 100 40.2 sethoxydim + COC 0.125 2,4-D2 + seth + COC/ 0.475 + 0.0625/ 77 100 70 100 36.0 bentazon & acif + 0.75 & 0.17 + 28%N/ seth + COC3 1 gal/ 0.125 2,4-DB + seth + COC/ 0.2 + 0.0625/ 77 98 47 100 38.4 bent & acif + seth + Dash4 0.92 + 0.125 + 1% Glyphosate/ 0.38/ 73 88 43 60 33.1 fluazifop-P & fomesafen+COC 0.188 & 0.25 Sulphosate/ 0.38/ 23 57 13 83 28.2 fluazifop-P & fomesafen+COC 0.188 & 0.25 Fome + COC/ 0.25/ 83 87 70 93 34.3 flfp + COC 0.188 Acif + 2,4-D + Dash/ 0.125 + 0.48 63 100 60 100 38.7 bent & acif + 28%N + X-775/ 0.92 + 2% + 1/8% seth + Dash 0.125 + 1/2% Lactofen + COC/ 0.2/ 73 100 93 99 35.1 lact + clet + COC 0.2 + 0.094 + 1/2% Metribuzin + thifensulfuron + 0.38 + 0.004 + 97 100 100 100 35.1 COC/ quizalofop + COC 0.044 Check 0 0 0 0 18.6 LSD(0.05) 9 23 12 15 8.4 COC @ 1.0 qt/A: Crop oil concentrate, 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, with 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester. Final sequential treatment applied 5/30/91 at 10:15 am. Dash @ 1.0 pt/A: an adjuvant from BASF. X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, Lyle E. Paul, and David C. Feltes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate crop tolerance and degree of weed control for herbicides preplant incorporated, preplant incorporated followed by sequential postemergence applications, and surface-applied. Most crops and annual weed species of importance in Illinois were included. DeKalb SW700 10 X 150 ft fair 5 to 6% 6.3 chopped once, Soil type: Drummer silty clay loam Slope: 1 to 2% Exp. design:Randomized complete block part on August 6, 1990 and the Planting date: Row spacing: April 23 30 inch and 5 ft Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: Tillage: residue August 30, 1990; field cultivated October 13; disked and harrowed twice April 22, 1991. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat rest on August 14; disked to incorporate herbicide nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width 20 inches above the soil surface. of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart fan and Date: Time: Treatment: (F) sod Temperature air: soil under 4 inch: Soil moisture: Wind (mph & dir) Sky (% overcast) Relative humidity(%): Rainfall (inch) previous week: following week: No species present Species present on May April 22, 1991 2:30 to 5pm Preplant incorporated 59 49 moist 10 W 20 28 0.57 0.26 23: Corn leaf no. height (inch) Soybean leaf no. height (inch) Sunflower leaf no. height (inch) Sorghum leaf no. height (inch) Hairy vetch leaf no. height (inch) Cocklebur leaf no. height (inch) Giant foxtail leaf no. height (inch) Yellow foxtail leaf no. height (inch) Green foxtail leaf no. height (inch) 2 4 1st 4 trif to 8 cotyl 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 April 24 1:00 to 2:00pm Preemergence 59 45 moist 11 SSW 25 25 0.15 0.57 No species present Large crabgrass leaf no. 3 height (inch) 3 Barnyard grass leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Redroot pigweed leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1 Velvetleaf leaf no. 1 height (inch) 2 Jimsonweed leaf no. cotyl height (inch) 1 Tall morningglory leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1.5 Ivyleaf morningglory leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1.5 Eastern black nightshade leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1 May 23 7:45 to 8:15am Postemergence sequential 70 64 moist 11 S 100 93 1.82 4.42 Common sunflower leaf no. 4 height (inch) 6 to 8 Common ragweed leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Giant ragweed leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1.5 Fall panicum leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Shattercane leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Canola leaf no. 4 height (inch) 6 Oats leaf no. 3 height (inch) 3 Wheat leaf no. 4 height (inch) 4 Alfalfa leaf no. 3 to 4 height (inch) 2 to 3 Red clover leaf no. 2 trif height (inch) 2 trif 10 Performance of dry flowable formulations of trifluralin was very similar to that of the EC formulation whether used alone or in various combinations. No problems were encountered in mixing or application of the dry flowables. The dry formulation of alachlor also performed well . Of the various genetic lines of corn from the Independent Professional Seedsmen Association (IPSA) IPSA C1128 and IPSA C8004 appeared to be least vigorous; IPSA C1284, IPSA C4843, and IPSA C6114 moderate; and IPSA C6973 most vigorous. In general, the more vigorous lines appeared to be more tolerant of herbicides. There appeared to be little difference in the degree of tolerance for the soybean cultivars with the soil-applied herbicides. Canola exhibited good tolerance to trifluralin. Hairy vetch exhibited relatively good tolerance to trifluralin and to imazethapyr but was controlled with atrazine or a metribuzin and chlorimuron combination. Except for trifluralin and ethalflural in, tolerance of sunflower was generally not adequate. There was little indication of adequate tolerance with most treatments for use in sorghum, wheat, or oats. Alfalfa generally exhibited relatively good tolerance to trifluralin, pendimethalin, ethalflural in, imazethapyr and EPTC. Control of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters was excellent with nearly all treatments. Except for the dinitroanil ines, control of common ragweed was also quite good. Except for the dinitroanil ines and acetanil ides, most treatments gave good control of velvetleaf; however, metribuzin plus chlorimuron was better than chlorimuron or thifensulfuron alone. For common cocklebur, some of the more effective treatments included metribuzin plus chlorimuron, atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen. Most treatments controlled jimsonweed rather well except the dinitroanil ines and clomazone. Control of ivyleaf and tall morningglory was quite similar with the various treatments; treatments which included atrazine were generally most effective with many other treatments giving only partial control. While most sulfonylureas and dinitroanil ines provided little or no help for eastern black nightshade, imazethapyr, atrazine, the acetanil ides, lactofen and acifluorfen were effective. Most treatments gave relatively good control of most annual grass weeds. However, control of annual grass with metribuzin and chlorimuron was only fair. Observations suggested an antagonistic effect of imazethapyr on annual grass control with EPTC. Of the relatively new compounds XRM 5313 indicated relatively good soybean tolerance, good control of most annual grass weeds; and compared to trifluralin alone, significant improvement in control of velvetleaf, jimsonweed, eastern black nightshade, and common ragweed as well as partial control of common cocklebur and common sunflower, but little additional help on annual morningglories. Lack of adequate tolerance would likely preclude use on sunflower and canola, but alfalfa and hairy vetch appeared to have moderate tolerance. MON 13280 gave control of the foxtails with a rate response, was better on large crabgrass, poor on barnyardgrass, and had activity on shattercane. It gave good control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and eastern black nightshade and had some activity on velvetleaf, jimsonweed, annual morningglories and common ragweed. Combination with imazethapyr or metribuzin and chlorimuron significantly improved control of most broadleaf weeds and also of some grass weeds. Degree of crop tolerance would likely preclude use on the crops included in this study other than soybeans. Acetachlor generally provided good control of grass weeds, redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, eastern black nightshade, common ragweed, and jimsonweed. When incorporated it had activity on velvetleaf. Addition of atrazine further enhanced control. Crop tolerance could be of more concern than with alachlor, making the addition of a safening agent worthy of consideration. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) Table 1. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and Feltes). — IPS/ i' Corn varie ties-- -Soybeans C1128 C1284 C4S43 C41K C6973 cboTS Trpatmpnt Rate Injury llCa LIIIC lib PREPLANT INCORPORATED : (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Ethalfluralin + trif2 0.67 + 0.33 0 0 0 0 0 98 30 Trifluralin2 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 100 60 Trifluralin3 + imep 1.0 + 0.063 0 0 0 0 90 98 40 Trifluralin3 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 Trifluralin* 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 Trifluralin2 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 0 0 0 0 99 95 90 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin3 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 0 0 0 0 99 95 90 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin4 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 0 0 0 0 99 95 90 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin4 + metr & 1.0 + 0.35 & 0 0 0 0 99 96 90 chlorimuron 0.035 Pendimethalin & imep 0.875 & 0.063 0 0 0 0 80 95 10 Trifluralin2 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 95 10 Trifluralin4 + imep 1.0 + 0.063 0 0 0 0 80 98 10 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trifluralin & imep 0.75 & 0.063 0 0 0 0 90 98 10 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.85 & 0.062 2 2 2 2 80 97 20 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.96 & 0.07 4 4 4 4 85 98 30 Trifluralin4 + clom 0.75 + 0.75 0 0 0 0 90 80 20 Clomazone & trif 0.75 & 1.0 0 0 0 0 90 98 30 Butyl ate + atrazine 4.0 + 1.5 95 95 95 95 100 20 95 EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 + 95 95 95 95 100 40 95 dietholate + atra 1.5 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 50 50 50 50 20 50 80 HON 8421 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 80 80 80 80 80 60 95 ICIA 5676 2.0 50 50 50 50 20 50 80 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 80 80 80 80 80 60 95 EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 + 5 5 5 5 80 85 50 dietholate + imep 0.063 Trifluralin4 / imep + 1.0 / 0.063 5 5 5 5 50 100 40 X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 2% Trifluralin4 / bent & 1.0 / 0.75 & 5 5 5 5 50 97 50 acifluorfen + 28%N 0.1675 + 4% Trifluralin4 / clim + 1.0 / 0.004 + 5 5 5 5 50 97 90 thifensulfuron + 0.004 + X-77 + 28% N 0.25% + 2% Tri f 1 ural i n4/l actof en + 1.0 / 0.2 + 20 20 20 20 80 98 70 COC5 1.0% Trifluralin4 / clim + 1.0 / 0.008 + 5 5 5 5 40 99 80 COC + 28%N 1.0% + 2.0% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 30 30 30 30 20 97 80 dlat / nicosulfuron ^ 0.031 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 60 60 60 60 80 97 98 dlat / primisulfuron4 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% Pend & imazethapyr / 0.88 & 0.063/ 20 20 20 20 90 98 80 lactofen + 0.125 + X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 4.0% Metolachlor & atra / 2.0 & 1.0 / 80 80 80 80 100 90 98 primisulfuron + 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PREEMERGENCE: Metribuzin & clim 0.35 & 0.035 0 0 0 0 30 50 20 Metribuzin & clim 0.28 & 0.047 0 0 0 0 40 60 40 90 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 20 20 20 20 20 20 MON 8421 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 25 25 25 25 70 30 100 ICIA 5676 2.0 20 20 20 20 20 10 90 ICIA 5676 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 25 25 25 25 90 20 100 MON 13280 0.2 5 5 5 5 20 40 80 MON 13280 0.3 10 10 10 10 40 50 90 MON 13280 + 0.3 + 15 15 15 15 80 80 100 metribuzin & clim 0.28 & 0.047 MON 13280 + imep 0.3 + 0.063 15 15 15 15 90 90 100 Alachlor(65WDG) 3.0 0 0 0 0 30 40 50 Imazethapyr 0.063 0 0 0 0 90 80 50 Pendimethalin & imep 0.875 & 0.063 0 0 0 0 90 80 60 Imazethapyr + atra 0.063 + 1.5 90 90 90 90 100 90 100 V-53482 0.094 5 5 5 5 50 50 50 13 Table 3. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and Feltes). Gift Yeft Grft Lacg Bygr Rrpw Colq Vele Jiwe Treatment Rate ontrol PREPLANT INCORPORATED: (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Ethalfluralin + trif2 0.67 + 0.33 98 98 98 100 99 100 100 10 0 Trifluralin2 1.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 20 10 Trifluralin3 + imep 1.0 + 0.063 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 99 Trifluralin3 1.0 98 98 98 98 98 100 100 10 0 Trifluralin4 1.0 98 98 98 90 98 100 100 10 0 Trifluralin2 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 98 98 98 97 100 100 100 98 95 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin3 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 98 98 98 97 100 100 100 98 95 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin4 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 98 98 98 97 100 100 100 98 95 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin4 + metr & 1.0 + 0.35 & 98 98 98 98 100 100 100 98 95 chlorimuron 0.035 Pendimethalin + imep 0.875 + 0.063 99 99 99 98 100 100 100 98 99 Trifluralin2 1.0 98 98 98 90 98 100 100 10 0 Trifluralin4 + imep 1.0 + 0.063 99 98 98 90 100 100 100 98 90 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trifluralin & imep 0.75 & 0.063 98 98 98 98 100 100 100 98 90 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.85 & 0.062 95 95 95 75 97 100 100 98 70 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.96 & 0.07 95 95 95 90 98 100 100 98 90 Trifluralin4 & clom 0.75 & 0.75 95 95 95 85 97 100 100 100 60 Clomazone & trif 0.75 & 1.0 95 95 95 90 98 100 100 100 60 Butyl ate + atrazine 4.0 + 1.5 98 98 98 80 100 100 100 99 99 EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 + 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 99 99 dietholate + atra 1.5 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 96 96 96 90 99 100 100 98 98 MON 8421 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 98 98 98 93 99 100 100 99 99 ICIA 5676 2.0 96 96 96 90 99 100 100 97 98 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 98 98 98 93 99 100 100 98 99 EPTC 4 dichlormid & 4.0 + 80 80 80 95 95 100 100 99 98 dietholate + imep 0.063 • Trifluralin4 / imep + 1.0 / 0.063 95 95 95 100 100 100 100 95 98 X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 2% Trifluralin4 / bent & 1.0 / 0.75 & 70 70 70 95 97 100 100 95 98 acifluorfen + 28%N 0.1675 + 4% Trifluralin4 / dim + 1.0 / 0.004 + 80 80 80 90 97 100 100 60 95 thifensulfuron + 0.004 + X-77 + 28% N 0.25% + 2% Trifluralin4 / lact + 1.0 / 0.2 + 85 85 85 95 98 100 100 90 95 COC5 1.0% Trifluralin4 / dim + 1.0 / 0.008 + 80 80 80 90 100 100 98 70 95 COC + 28%N 1.0% + 2.0% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 80 80 dlat / nicosulfuron + 0.031 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 99 100 dlat / primisulfuron+ 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% Pend & imazethapyr / 0.9 / 98 98 98 100 100 100 100 99 100 lactofen + 0.125 + X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 4.0% Metolachlor & atra / 2.0 & 1.0 / 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 97 100 primisulfuron + 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PREEMERGENCE: Metribuzin & dim 0.35 + 0.035 70 70 70 95 50 100 100 100 100 Metribuzin & dim 0.28 + 0.047 70 70 70 95 50 100 100 100 100 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 99 99 99 100 100 100 100 50 100 MON 8421 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 ICIA 5676 2.0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 30 100 ICIA 5676 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 100 MON 13280 0.2 75 75 75 100 10 100 100 50 80 MON 13280 0.3 80 80 80 100 20 100 100 80 90 MON 13280 + 0.3 + 98 98 98 100 98 100 100 100 100 metribuzin & dim 0.28 & 0.047 MON 13280 + imep 0.3 + 0.063 95 95 95 100 95 100 100 99 100 Alachlor(65WDG) 3.0 99 99 99 100 100 100 100 50 90 Imazethapyr 0.063 95 95 95 100 95 100 100 99 100 Pendimethalin & imep 0.875 & 0.063 98 98 98 100 98 100 100 99 100 Imazethapyr + atra 0.063 + 1.5 96 96 96 100 95 100 100 100 100 V-53482 0.094 40 40 40 50 20 100 100 100 100 14 Table 4. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and Feltes). Tamg Ilmg Ebns Cosf Corw Cocb Fap i Shea Treatment Rate — Cor PREPLANT INCORPORATED: (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Ethalfluralin + trif2 0.67 + 0.33 60 60 50 0 5 10 99 99 Trifluralin2 1.5 60 60 0 0 0 20 100 99 Trifluralin3 + imep 1.0 + 0.063 70 70 100 100 100 90 100 100 Trifluralin3 1.0 50 50 0 0 0 10 98 90 Trifluralin4 1.0 50 50 0 0 0 10 98 90 Trifluralin2 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 70 70 0 100 95 100 99 90 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin3 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 70 70 0 100 100 100 99 90 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin* + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 70 70 0 100 100 100 99 90 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin* + metr & 1.0 + 0.35 & 70 70 0 100 100 100 99 90 chlorimuron 0.035 Pendimethal in & imep 0.875 & 0.063 70 70 100 100 90 80 99 95 Trifluralin2 1.0 50 50 0 0 0 10 98 90 Trifluralin* + imep 1.0 + 0.063 70 70 100 100 90 100 100 95 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trifluralin & imep 0.75 & 0.063 70 70 100 100 90 90 99 95 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.85 & 0.062 50 50 90 50 90 60 90 90 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.96 & 0.07 60 60 95 60 95 75 95 90 Trifluralin* + clom 0.75 + 0.75 40 40 30 50 90 40 98 90 Clomazone & trif 0.75 & 1.0 50 50 30 50 90 40 99 90 Butyl ate + atrazine 4.0 + 1.5 80 80 100 100 100 90 99 40 EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 + 80 80 100 100 100 90 100 50 dietholate + atra 1.5 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 50 50 100 10 95 40 98 70 MON 8421 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 80 80 100 100 100 70 99 80 ICIA 5676 2.0 60 60 100 10 95 40 98 70 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 85 85 100 100 100 90 99 80 EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 + 50 50 100 100 90 80 90 95 dietholate + imep 0.063 Trifluralin* / imep + 1.0 / 0.063 80 80 100 50 100 80 100 100 X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 2% Trifluralin* / bent & 1.0 / 0.75 & 80 90 100 70 100 100 90 95 acifluorfen + 28%N 0.1675 + 4% Trifluralin* / dim + 1.0 / 0.004 + 60 60 0 80 100 90 90 90 thifensulfuron + 0.004 + X-77 + 28% N 0.25% + 2% Tri f 1 ural i n*/l actof en f 1.0 / 0.2 + 70 90 100 100 100 100 95 93 COC5 1.0% Trifluralin* / clim + 1.0 / 0.008 + 70 80 0 80 90 90 90 98 COC + 28%N 1.0% + 2.0% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 70 80 95 0 85 80 100 99 dlat / nicosulfuron + 0.031 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 80 80 100 100 100 95 100 100 dlat / primisulfuron+ 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% Pend & imazethapyr / 0.88 & 0.063 / 90 90 100 100 100 95 100 100 lactofen + 0.125 + X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 4% Metolachlor & atra / 2.0 & 1.0 / 90 90 100 100 100 95 100 100 primisulfuron + 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PREEMERGENCE: Metribuzin & clim 0.35 & 0.035 50 80 0 50 100 90 90 90 Metribuzin & clim 0.28 + 0.047 90 90 0 50 100 90 90 90 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 30 10 100 10 100 30 100 70 MON 8421 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 80 80 100 100 100 90 100 80 ICIA 5676 2.0 30 10 100 10 100 30 100 70 ICIA 5676 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 90 100 100 100 100 90 100 80 MON 13280 0.2 60 60 100 0 85 20 90 90 MON 13280 0.3 70 70 100 0 90 30 90 95 MON 13280 + 0.3 + 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 metribuzin & clim 0.28 & 0.047 MON 13280 + imep 0.3 + 0.063 90 90 100 90 100 50 100 100 Alachlor(65WDG) 3.0 40 40 100 0 100 50 100 50 Imazethapyr 0.063 90 90 100 100 100 20 95 98 Pendimethal in & imep 0.875 & 0.063 90 90 100 100 100 50 100 99 Imazethapyr + atra 0.063 + 1.5 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 V-53482 0.094 80 90 100 100 100 50 50 50 15 Table 5. Multi-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and Feltes). Oats Wheat Alfalfa Red Clover Canola Rate Ogle Caldwell Ir Magnum Ruby Cascade Treatment ijury PREPLANT INCORPORATED: (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Ethalfluralin + trif2 0.67 + 0.33 90 90 5 5 20 Triflural in2 1.5 90 90 10 20 10 Trifluralin3 + imep 1.0 + 0.063 95 75 10 50 100 Triflural in3 1.0 90 70 5 15 30 Trifluralin* 1.0 90 70 5 15 40 Trifluralin2 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 99 90 80 100 100 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin3 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 99 90 80 100 100 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin4 + metr & 1.0 + 0.28 & 99 90 80 100 100 chlorimuron 0.047 Trifluralin4 + metr & 1.0 + 0.35 & 99 90 80 100 100 chlorimuron 0.035 Pendimethalin + imep 0.875 + 0.063 95 75 10 80 100 Trifluralin2 1.0 90 70 5 50 10 Trifluralin4 + imep 1.0 + 0.063 95 75 10 40 100 Check 0 0 0 0 0 Trifluralin & imep 0.75 & 0.063 90 80 10 40 100 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.85 & 0.062 80 70 10 40 100 Trifluralin & DE 498 0.96 & 0.07 80 70 20 70 100 Trifluralin4 + clom 0.75 + 0.75 90 80 40 80 10 Clomazone & trif 0.75 & 1.0 90 80 45 85 10 Butylate + atrazine 4.0 + 1.5 99 99 100 100 100 EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 + 100 100 100 100 100 dietholate + atra 1.5 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 75 75 70 100 85 MON 8421 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 85 85 95 100 100 ICIA 5676 2.0 80 80 40 100 85 ICIA 5676 + atra 2.0 + 1.5 90 90 100 100 100 EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 + 90 75 10 85 100 dietholate + imep 0.063 Trifluralin4 / imep + 1.0 / 0.063 85 80 5 40 100 X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 2% Trifluralin4 / bent & 1.0 / 0.75 & 80 65 75 90 40 acifluorfen + 28%N 0.1675 + 4% Trifluralin4 / clim + 1.0 / 0.004 + 75 60 10 90 40 thifensulfuron + 0.004 + X-77 + 28% N 0.25% + 2% Trifluralin4/lactofen + 1.0 / 0.2 + 80 70 100 100 50 COC5 1.0% Trifluralin4 / clim + 1.0 / 0.008 + 80 60 15 90 70 COC + 28%N 1.0% + 2% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 100 100 20 80 40 dlat / nicosulfuron f 0.031 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4% EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0 / 100 100 50 90 50 dlat / primisulfuron+ 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4% Pend & imazethapyr / 0.88 & 0.063 / 90 80 90 98 60 lactofen + 0.125 + X-77 + 28%N 0.25% + 4% Metolachlor & atra / 2.0 & 1.0 / 99 99 100 100 100 primisulfuron + 0.036 + COC + 28%N 1.0% + 4.0% Check 0 0 0 0 100 PREEMERGENCE: Metribuzin & clim 0.35 & 0.035 75 65 85 100 100 Metribuzin & clim 0.28 & 0.047 80 70 90 100 100 MON 8421 (acet) 2.0 70 60 75 100 90 MON 8421 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 80 70 100 100 100 ICIA 5676 2.0 70 60 75 100 80 ICIA 5676 + atrazine 2.0 + 1.5 90 80 100 100 100 MON 13280 0.2 20 20 75 90 80 MON 13280 0.3 30 30 80 98 90 MON 13280 + 0.3 + 90 90 99 100 100 metribuzin & clim 0.28 & 0.047 MON 13280 + imep 0.3 + 0.063 70 60 80 100 100 Alachlor(65WDG0 3.0 50 40 60 100 50 Imazethapyr 0.063 80 70 10 90 100 Pendimethalin & imep 0.875 & 0.063 90 80 60 90 100 Imazethapyr + atra 0.063 + 1.5 95 90 100 100 100 V-53482 0.094 50 50 100 100 100 'Independent Professional Seedsmen Association. 2Treflan 4EC from Dow-El anco. 3Trilin GRP 80 DF from Griffin. 4Trific 60DF from Terra International. 5C0C - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 16 Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, Lyle E. Paul, and Joe D. Walsh. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of crop tolerance and weed control for most crops and annual weed species common to Illinois with herbicides applied postemergence. m Location: Plot size: Drainage: DeKalb SW800 10 X 150 ft fair Organic matter: Soil pH: Soil type: Slope: Planting date: 1 to 2% April 23, 1991 30 inch and 5 ft 5 to 6% 6.3 Drummer silty Row spacing: clay loam Tillage: residue chopped August 6, 1990; disked August 30, 1990; field cultivated October 13, 1990; disked and harrowed April 22, 1991. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface. Date: May 23, 1991 Temperature (F) Soil moisture: moist Treatment: Postemergence air: 75 Wind (mph): 12 NNE Time: 12:15 i pm soil under sod Sky (% overcast): 60 Rainfall (inch) 4 inch: 65 Relative previous week: 0.82 humidity (%): 85 following week: 4.42 Corn Large crabgrass Common sunflower leaf no. 3 leaf no. 1 leaf no. 2 height (inch) 6 height (inch) 1 height (inch) 3 Soybean Barnyardgrass Common ragweed leaf no. 1st trif leaf no. 2 leaf no. 4 height (inch) 5 height (inch) 3 height (inch) 2 Sunflower Redroot pigweed Giant ragweed leaf no. 4 leaf no. 2 leaf no. 2 height (inch) 6 height (inch) 1 height (inch) 1.5 Sorghum Common lambsquart ers Fall panicum leaf no. 2 leaf no. 2 leaf no. 2 height (inch) 3 height (inch) 1 height (inch) 2 Hairy vetch Velvetleaf Shattercane leaf no. 4 leaf no. 4 leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 height (inch) 2 height (inch) 2 Common cocklebur Jimsonweed Canola leaf no. 3 leaf no. 2 leaf no. 4 height (inch) 2.5 height (inch) 1.5 height (inch) 4 Giant foxtail Tall morningglory Oats leaf no. 2 leaf no. 2 leaf no. 4 height (inch) 2 height (inch) 1.5 height (inch) 6 Yellow foxtail Ivyleaf morninggl ory Wheat leaf no. 2 leaf no. 2 leaf no. 4 height (inch) 3 height (inch) 1.5 height (inch) 4 Green foxtail Eastern black nightshade Alfalfa leaf no. 2 leaf no. cotyl leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 height (inch) 1 height (inch) Red clover leaf no. height (inch) 1 3 1.5 The dry water soluble crystals of the dimethyl amine salt of 2,4-D performed in a very similar manner as the liquid formulation of the dimethylamine salt at comparable rate. The dry formulation could offer some convenience. The combination of 2,4-D and atrazine provided weed control very similar to dicamba and atrazine. Although corn tolerance appeared to be relatively adequate in this trial, previous experience suggests some caution. Corn exhibited good tolerance to pyridate and to CL 23601 except for slight effect when pyridate was mixed with cyanazine. Spectrum of control for pyridate combined with atrazine or cyanazine and for CL 23601 combined with atrazine was quite broad for both grass and broadleaf weeds. Pyridate or CL 23601 combined with nicosulfuron or primisulfuron provided good corn tolerance and fairly broad spectrum weed control with spectrum depending somewhat on the relative strength of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron with nicosulfuron more effective on most grass weeds and primisulfuron more effective on some broadleaf weeds. Although pyridate plus 17 sethoxydim provided good weed control, crop tolerance appeared too limited for this combination to be promising for newly established alfalfa or any other crop included in the study. A low rate of metribuzin plus bentazon provided good control of broadleaf weeds with only slight effect noted on corn. Similarly, a low rate of metribuzin with 2,4-D dimethylamine or butoxyethyl ester provided excellent broadleaf weed control with little effect on corn. Sethoxydim plus bentazon and acifluorfen gave excellent broad spectrum weed control with minimal effect on soybeans. Comparison of various adjuvants with imazethapyr indicated Dash (an adjuvant from BASF) and Sunit II (a methylated seed oil) to be quite similar in performance and both slightly more effective than X-77 (an adjuvant from Valent). Under the conditions of this study, 0.125 lb/A of fluazifop-P was nearly as effective as 0.188 lb/A. Fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop gave excellent control of all grasses, including "volunteer" corn. The same combination plus fomesafen provided excellent broad spectrum control of both grass and broadleaf weeds except common lambsquarters and control of it was improved by addition of a dimethylamine formulation of 2,4-DB. Flazifop-P plus fomesafen also provided excellent control of nearly all grass and broadleaf weeds. With the exception of annual morningglories, combinations of imazethapyr plus nicosulfuron or primisulfuron provided excellent broad spectrum weed control but excessive corn injury indicated that an imazethapyr tolerant line would be needed. Except for weakness on large crabgrass, nicosulfuron gave very good control of grass weeds. Primisulfuron was less effective than nicosulfuron on most grass species and especially weak on large crabgrass and barnyardgrass. However, primisulfuron was more effective on several broadleaf weed species than nicosulfuron, including common cocklebur, velvetleaf, jimsonweed, eastern black nightshade, and common sunflower. With these contrasting characteristics, various ratios of nicosulfuron plus primisulfuron were tried. Using a half rate of each provided excellent broad spectrum weed control except for only partial control of annual morningglories, moderate control of velvetleaf and poor control of large crabgrass. Other ratios appeared to have little or no advantage. One of the most dramatic observations was the tolerance of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans to both nicosulfuron and primisulfuron alone or in combination. Reducing the rate of nicosulfuron from 0.031 lb/A to 0.024 lb/A and comparing X-77 with 28% UAN for nicosulfuron plus bromoxynil indicated little significant difference with all treatments being quite effective. Addition of bromoxynil to nicosulfuron or DPX-79406 significantly improved control of common cocklebur, velvetleaf, annual morningglories, common ragweed, common sunflower and eastern black nightshade. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 18 Table 1. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides Walsh). (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and TP<^ A1 Corr i vari eties - -Soyb eans- C1128 C1284 C4843 C6114 C6973 C8004 Archer Bell Treatment Rate njury (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 2,4-D2 0.47 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 2,4-D3 0.22 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 2,4-D3 0.44 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 2,4-D3 0.88 10 0 0 10 0 0 70 70 Atrazine & 2,4-D 0.56 & 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 90 Atra & 2,4-D 0.84 & 0.375 10 0 0 0 0 0 95 95 Atra & banvel 0.47 & 0.92 0 0 0 0 10 0 95 95 Pyridate + atra 0.9 + 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 95 CL 23601 + atra 0.9 + 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 95 Pydt + cyanazine 0.9 + 1.2 5 5 5 5 5 5 90 90 Pydt + nicosulfuron4 0.7 + 0.031 0 0 0 0 10 0 75 75 Pydt + primisulfuron4 0.45 + 0.036 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 80 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CL 23601 + nicosulfuron4 0.7 +0.031 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 70 CL 23601 + primisulfuron' 1 0.45 + 0.036 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 75 Pydt + sethoxydim + COC5 0.9 + 0.188 + 1% 80 80 80 80 80 80 60 60 Metribuzin + bentazon4 0.076 + 0.5 10 0 5 5 0 10 20 20 Metr + 2,4-D6 0.09 + 0.16 0 5 0 0 0 0 50 50 Metr + 2,4-D2 0.09 + 0.25 0 0 10 0 0 0 30 30 Quizalofop + clorimuron+ 0.044 + 0.004 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 10 thifensulfuron + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0.17 85 85 85 85 85 85 10 10 acifluorfen + 28% N 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0.17 85 85 85 85 85 85 10 10 acif + thif + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Imazethapyr + 28% N4 0.063 + 1% 30 30 30 30 30 30 0 0 Imep + 0.063 + 50 50 60 50 50 60 0 0 Dash7 + 28% N 1% + 1% Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 40 40 50 50 50 60 0 0 Sun it8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Pendimethalin & imep + 0.88 & 0.063 40 40 50 50 50 60 0 0 Sun it8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Seth + Flfp-P + 0.125 + 0.016 + 90 90 90 90 90 90 2 2 bentazon + COC + 28% N 1.0 + 1% + 4% Fluazifop-P ■+ COC 0.125 + 1% 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 Flfp-P + COC 0.188 + 1% 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 Flfp-P & fenoxaprop + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 2 fomesafen + COC 0.25 + 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 5 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.25 + 0.031 + COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 5 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.125 + 0.031 + bentazon + 28% N4 0.5 + 4% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 2 fome + thif4 0.25 + 0.004 Flfp-P & fome + COC 0.25 & 0.188 + 1% 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 2 Imep + nicosulfuron4 0.063 + 0.016 50 50 60 50 40 30 20 20 Imep + primisulfuron4 0.063 + 0.018 50 50 60 50 40 40 50 50 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.031 + 1% 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 + 1% 10 10 10 10 0 10 60 60 Nicosulfuron + 0.016 + 20 20 20 20 10 5 60 60 primisulfuron + COC 0.018 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.008 + 10 10 10 10 5 10 60 60 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 10 10 10 5 5 10 50 50 primisulfuron + COC 0.09 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 10 20 10 10 20 10 70 70 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Bromoxynil + nicosulfuron40.25 + 0.024 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 85 Brox + nicosulfuron4 0.25 + 0.031 0 0 0 10 0 0 90 90 Brox + nicosulfuron + 0.25 + 0.031 + 10 0 0 0 0 0 90 90 28% N 2% Brox + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 nicosulfuron4 0.031 DPX-79406 + 28% N4 0.024 + 4% 0 0 0 5 0 0 80 80 DPX-79406 + brox4 0.016 + 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 80 19 lable 2. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul and Walsh) Soybe; ins Sun- Chapman Jack Kunitz Williams Uillians flower Sorghu* Sorgtuji S2 82 STS CGA- 13205 Trpatmpnt Rate - injury I I \- a L u ic ML. (lb/A) (%) w (%) (*) (*) (%) (%) (*) 2,4-D2 0.47 50 50 50 50 50 80 2 2 2,4-D3 0.22 30 30 30 30 30 60 1 1 2,4-D3 0.44 50 50 50 50 50 70 2 2 2,4-D3 0.88 70 70 70 70 70 85 3 3 Atrazine & 2,4-D 0.56 & 0.25 90 90 90 90 90 90 10 10 Atra & 2,4-D 0.84 & 0.375 95 95 95 95 95 95 20 20 Atra & banvel 0.47 & 0.92 95 95 95 95 95 90 0 0 Pyridate + atra 0.9 + 1.0 95 95 95 95 95 100 20 20 CL 23601 + atra 0.9 + 1.0 95 95 95 95 95 100 30 30 Pydt + cyanazine 0.9 + 1.2 90 90 90 90 90 100 50 50 Pydt + nicosulfuron4 0.7 + 0.031 75 75 75 75 75 50 95 95 Pydt + primisulfuron4 0.45 + 0.036 80 80 80 80 60 80 95 95 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CL 23601 + nicosulfuron4 0.7 +0.031 70 70 70 70 70 50 95 95 CL 23601 + primisulfuron4 0.45 + 0.036 75 75 75 75 55 80 95 95 Pydt + sethoxydim + COC 0.9 + 0.188 + 1% 60 60 60 60 60 40 90 90 Metribuzin + bentazon4 0.076 + 0.5 20 20 20 20 25 70 0 0 Metr + 2,4-D6 0.09 + 0.16 50 50 50 50 60 70 0 0 Metr + 2,4-D2 0.09 + 0.25 30 30 30 30 40 70 0 0 Quizalofop + chlorimuron 0.044 + 0.004 + 10 10 10 10 5 90 100 100 thifensulfuron + 28* N4 0.004 + 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0. 17 10 10 10 10 10 60 96 96 acifluorfen + 28% N 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0. 17 10 10 10 10 5 90 96 96 acif + thif + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Imazethapyr + 28% N4 0.063 + 1% 0 0 0 0 0 80 97 97 Imep + 0.063 + 0 0 0 0 0 85 99 99 Dash7 + 28% N 1% + 1% Imep + 0.063 + 0 0 0 0 0 85 99 99 Sunit8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Pendimethal in & imep + 0.88 & 0.063 0 0 0 0 0 83 99 99 Sunit8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Seth + Flfp-P + 0.125 + 0.016 + 2 2 2 2 2 60 98 98 bentazon + COC + 28% N 1.0 + 1% + 4% Fluazifop-P + COC 0.125 + 1% 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 Flfp-P + COC 0.188 + 1% 0 0 0 0 0 5 100 100 Flfp-P & fenoxaprop + 0.125 & 0.035 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 2 2 2 2 2 85 100 100 fomesafen + COC 0.25 + 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 5 5 5 5 5 80 100 100 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.25 + 0.031 + COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 5 5 5 5 5 60 99 99 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.125 + 0.031 + bentazon + 28% N4 0.5 + 4% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 2 2 2 2 2 85 100 100 fome + thif4 0.25 + 0.004 Flfp-P & fome + COC 0.25 & 0.188 + 13 ; 2 2 2 2 2 90 100 100 Imep + nicosulfuron4 0.063 + 0.016 20 20 20 20 20 90 99 99 Imep + primisulfuron4 0.063 + 0.018 50 50 50 50 30 95 99 99 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.031 + 1% 50 60 40 60 10 50 99 99 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.036 + 1% 60 60 60 70 10 98 98 98 Nicosulfuron + 0.016 + 60 60 60 60 20 95 99 99 primisul furon + COC 0.C18 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.008 + 70 60 60 60 20 97 99 99 primisul furon + COC 0.027 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 50 50 50 50 10 85 99 99 primisulfuron + COC 0.09 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 70 70 70 70 30 98 99 99 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Bromoxynil + nicosulfuron !40.25 + 0.024 85 85 85 85 85 98 99 99 Brox + nicosulfuron4 0.25 + 0.031 90 90 90 90 90 98 99 99 Brox + nicosul furon 0.25 + 0.031 + 90 90 90 90 90 100 99 99 28% N 2% Brox + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 nicosulfuron4 0.031 DPX-79406 + 28% N4 0.024 + 4% 80 80 80 80 30 80 99 99 DPX-79406 + brox4 0.016 + 0.25 80 80 80 80 80 70 99 99 20 Table 3. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). C a no la Oats Wheat Alfalfa Red Clover Hairy Cascade Ogle Caldwell Magnum Ruby vetch Gift Yeft Treatment Rate ijury - (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 2,4-D2 0.47 80 10 0 90 90 100 0 0 2,4-D3 0.22 70 5 0 80 80 100 0 0 2,4-D3 0.44 80 10 0 90 90 100 0 0 2,4-D3 0.88 85 20 0 100 95 100 0 0 Atrazine & 2,4-D 0.56 & 0.25 95 10 20 100 100 100 10 10 Atra & 2,4-D 0.84 & 0.375 100 20 30 100 100 100 20 20 Atra & banvel 0.47 & 0.92 50 10 30 100 100 100 30 30 Pyridate + atra 0.9 + 1.0 80 12 50 100 100 100 99 97 CL 23601 + atra 0.9 + 1.0 80 40 60 100 100 100 97 97 Pydt + cyanazine 0.9 + 1.2 80 30 50 100 100 100 100 100 Pydt + nicosulfuron4 0.7 + 0.031 85 95 93 80 85 98 95 90 Pydt + primisulfuron* 0.45 + 0.036 85 90 90 90 95 98 70 60 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CL 23601 + nicosulfuron* 0.7 + 0.031 90 100 93 70 85 95 99 90 CL 23601 + primisulfuron4 0.45 + 0.036 80 90 90 80 95 97 80 50 Pydt + sethoxydim + COC 0.9 + 0.188 + 1% 40 90 60 40 70 95 99 95 Metribuzin + bentazon4 0.076 + 0.5 100 0 40 50 100 50 0 0 Metr + 2,4-D6 0.09 + 0.16 85 0 0 90 100 100 0 0 Metr + 2,4-D2 0.09 + 0.25 75 0 0 80 100 100 0 0 Quizalofop + chlorimuron 0.044 + 0.004 + 80 95 100 50 100 95 100 50 thifensulfuron + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0.17 99 100 95 100 100 80 100 100 acifluorfen + 28% N 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0.17 98 100 100 90 100 99 100 100 acif + thif + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Imazethapyr + 28% N4 0.063 + 1% 79 90 80 10 45 10 93 93 Imep + 0.063 + 85 90 83 15 50 10 95 95 Dash7 + 28% N 1% + 1% Imep + 0,063 + 80 90 85 20 45 10 95 95 Sun it8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Pendimethalin & imep + 0.88 & 0.063 85 90 85 10 40 10 93 93 Sunit8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Seth + Flfp-P + 0.125 + 0.016 + 100 95 80 50 50 20 92 92 bentazon + COC + 28% N 1.0 + 1% + 4% Fluazifop-P + COC 0.125 + 1% 0 100 99 0 0 0 87 87 Flfp-P + COC 0.188 + 1% 0 100 100 0 0 0 90 90 Flfp-P & fenoxaprop + 0.125 & 0.035 + 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 100 COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 99 100 100 70 90 90 100 100 fomesafen + COC 0.25 + 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 100 100 70 90 90 100 100 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.25 + 0.031 + COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 100 100 80 90 90 100 100 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.125 + 0.031 + bentazon + 28% N4 0.5 + 4% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 90 100 99 85 90 90 100 100 fome + thif* 0.25 + 0.004 Flfp-P & fome + COC 0.25 & 0.188 + 1% 100 100 100 70 90 90 100 100 Imep + nicosulfuron* 0.063 + 0.016 80 98 99 50 70 10 98 99 Imep + primisulfuron* 0.063 + 0.018 80 98 99 60 80 80 95 98 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.031 + 1% 75 98 99 50 80 60 99 99 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 + 1% 75 98 99 60 95 90 98 98 Nicosulfuron + 0.016 + 80 98 99 60 80 90 100 100 primisulfuron + COC 0.018 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.008 + 80 98 99 60 80 90 98 100 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 80 98 99 60 80 80 99 100 primisulfuron + COC 0.09 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 80 98 99 70 90 90 100 100 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Bromoxynil + nicosulfuron *0.25 + 0.024 95 98 95 70 100 100 100 100 Brox + nicosulfuron* 0.25 + 0.031 90 98 95 75 100 100 100 100 Brox + nicosulfuron 0.25 + 0.031 + 80 98 95 80 100 100 100 100 28% N 2% Brox + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 95 95 99 90 100 100 99 100 nicosulfuron* 0.031 DPX-79406 + 28% N* 0.024 + 4% 80 98 95 70 100 80 98 100 DPX-79406 + brox* 0.016 + 0.25 90 98 95 80 100 100 100 100 21 Table 4. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Grft Lacg Bygr Fapa Shea Rrpw Colq Vele Trpatmpnt Rate iica Line ml (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 2,4-D2 0.47 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 90 2,4-D3 0.22 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 87 2,4-D3 0.44 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 90 2,4-D3 0.88 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 93 Atrazine & 2,4-D 0.56 & 0.25 10 0 10 10 5 100 100 95 Atra & 2,4-D 0.84 & 0.375 20 0 20 20 10 100 100 100 Atra & banvel 0.47 & 0.92 30 0 20 40 5 100 100 98 Pyridate + atra 0.9 + 1.0 99 30 50 60 20 100 100 93 CL 23601 + atra 0.9 + 1.0 95 30 80 60 20 100 100 99 Pydt + cyanazine 0.9 + 1.2 97 100 70 99 30 100 100 100 Pydt + nicosulfuron* 0.7 + 0.031 95 70 95 80 100 100 100 60 Pydt + primisulfuron4 0.45 + 0.036 80 0 40 100 100 100 100 80 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CL 23601 + nico4 0.7 + 0.031 98 70 99 100 99 100 100 70 CL 23601 + prim4 0.45 + 0.036 80 0 30 70 100 100 100 90 Pydt + sethoxydim + COC 0.9 + 0.188 + 1% 98 99 100 100 100 100 100 60 Metribuzin + bentazon4 0.076 + 0.5 0 0 0 0 5 100 100 100 Metr + 2,4-D6 0.09 + 0.16 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 100 Metr + 2,4-D2 0.09 + 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 100 Quizalofop + chlorimuron 0.044 + 0.004 + 98 85 90 100 100 100 100 90 thifensulfuron + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0. 17 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 acifluorfen + 28% N 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0. 17 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 99 acif + thif + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Imazethapyr + 28% N4 0.063 + 1% 93 100 99 98 98 100 100 90 Imep + 0.063 + 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 Dash7 + 28% N 1% + 1% Imep + 0.063 + 95 99 100 100 100 100 100 93 Sun it8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Pendimethalin & imep + 0.88 & 0.063 93 100 100 99 99 100 100 90 Sun it8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Seth + Flfp-P + 0.125 + 0.016 + 92 99 98 98 98 80 100 99 bentazon + COC + 28% N 1.0 + 1% + 4% Fluazifop-P + COC 0.125 + 1% 87 98 100 98 98 0 0 0 Flfp-P + COC 0.188 + 1% 90 100 100 99 100 0 0 0 Flfp-P & fenoxaprop + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 98 100 100 99 0 0 0 COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 98 100 100 100 100 80 97 fomesafen + COC 0.25 + 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 100 98 100 100 100 100 90 98 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.25 + 0.031 + COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 99 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.125 + 0.031 + bentazon + 28% N4 0.5 + 4% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 99 98 100 100 100 100 99 100 fome + thif4 0.25 + 0.004 Flfp-P & fome + COC 0.25 & 0.188 + 151 ; 99 98 100 100 100 100 99 100 Imep + nicosulfuron4 0.063 + 0.016 98 100 100 100 100 100 99 60 Imep + primisulfuron4 0.063 + 0.018 96 99 100 100 100 100 100 99 Nicosulfuron + COC 0.031 + 1% 96 70 100 100 99 100 100 30 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 + 1% 90 0 0 90 100 100 99 90 Nicosulfuron + 0.016 + 100 30 99 99 100 100 100 80 primisulfuron + COC 0.018 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.008 + 100 10 95 96 100 100 100 90 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 100 50 99 99 100 100 100 60 primisulfuron + COC 0.09 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 100 50 99 100 100 100 100 85 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Bromoxynil + nico4 0.25 + 0.024 100 90 99 100 100 100 100 100 Brox + nico4 0.25 + 0.031 100 90 99 100 100 100 100 100 Brox + nicosulfuron 0.25 + 0.031 + 100 90 99 100 100 100 100 100 28% N 2% Brox + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 nicosulfuron4 0.031 DPX-79406 + 28% N4 0.024 + 4% 100 95 99 100 100 100 100 50 DPX-79406 + brox4 0.016 + 0.25 98 90 90 100 100 100 100 99 22 Table 5. Multi-species evaluation of postemergence herbicides (Knake, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Jiwe Tamg Ilmg Corw Cosf Ebns Cocb Treatment Rate control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 2,4-D2 0.47 90 99 99 100 100 100 100 2,4-D3 0.22 50 97 97 100 100 100 100 2,4-D3 0.44 90 99 99 100 100 100 100 2,4-D3 0.88 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Atrazine & 2,4-D 0.56 & 0.25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Atra & 2,4-D 0.84 & 0.375 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Atra & banvel 0.47 & 0.92 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Pyridate + atra 0.9 + 1.0 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 CL 23601 + atra 0.9 + 1.0 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 Pydt + cyanazine 0.9 + 1.2 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 Pydt + nicosulfuron4 0.7 + 0.031 95 93 93 50 100 100 100 Pydt + primisulfuron4 0.45 + 0.036 100 80 80 100 100 100 100 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CL 23601 + nico4 0.7 + 0.031 95 95 95 100 100 100 100 CL 23601 + prim4 0.45 + 0.036 100 80 80 100 100 100 100 Pydt + sethoxydim + COC 0.9 + 0.188 + 1% 10 80 80 100 90 100 98 COC 1% Metribuzin + bentazon4 0.076 + 0.5 100 80 80 100 100 100 98 Metr + 2,4-D6 0.09 + 0.16 100 90 90 100 100 100 95 Metr + 2,4-D2 0.09 + 0.25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Quizalofop + chlorimuron 0.044 + 0.004 + 20 80 80 70 100 0 100 thifensulfuron + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0. 17 90 90 100 95 100 100 100 acifluorfen + 28% N 4% Seth + bent & 0.188 + 0.75 & 0. 17 90 90 100 100 100 100 99 acif + thif + 28% N4 0.004 + 4% Imazethapyr + 28% N4 0.063 + 1% 100 70 70 100 95 100 99 Imep + 0.063 + 100 75 75 100 100 100 100 Dash7 + 28% N 1% + 1% Imep + 0.063 + 99 75 75 100 100 100 99 Sunit8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Pendimethalln & 1mep + 0.88 & 0.063 99 75 75 100 100 100 98 Sunit8 + 28% N 1% + 1% Seth + Flfp-P + 0.125 + 0.016 + 60 85 85 100 100 100 98 bentazon + COC + 28% N 1.0 + 1% + 4% Fluazifop-P + COC 0.125 + 1% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flfp-P + COC 0.188 + 1% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flfp-P & fenoxaprop + 0.125 & 0.035 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 98 98 98 100 100 100 100 fomesafen + COC 0.25 + 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 99 98 98 100 100 100 95 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.25 + 0.031 + COC 1% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 99 98 98 100 100 100 99 fome + 2,4-DB2 + 0.125 + 0.031 + bentazon + 28% N4 0.5 + 4% Flfp-P & fenx + 0.125 & 0.035 + 99 95 95 100 100 100 98 fome + thif4 0.25 + 0.004 Flfp-P & fome + COC 0.25 & 0.188 + 1* 99 90 90 100 100 100 100 Imep + nico4 0.063 + 0.016 99 70 70 100 100 100 100 Imep + prim4 0.063 + 0.018 99 80 80 100 100 100 100 nicosulfuron + COC 0.031 + 1% 90 70 70 98 60 50 60 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Primisulfuron + COC 0.036 + 1% 99 50 50 100 100 100 95 Nicosulfuron + 0.016 + 99 73 73 100 100 100 90 primisulfuron + COC 0.018 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.008 + 99 75 75 100 100 100 90 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 99 70 70 100 100 100 80 primisulfuron + COC 0.09 + 1% Nicosulfuron + 0.024 + 100 80 80 100 100 100 100 primisulfuron + COC 0.027 + 1% Bromoxynil + nico4 0.25 + 0.024 99 98 98 100 100 100 100 Brox + nico4 0.25 + 0.031 100 98 98 100 100 100 100 Brox + nico 0.25 + 0.031 + 100 95 95 100 100 100 100 28% N 2% Brox + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 nicosulfuron4 0.031 DPX-79406 + 28% N4 0.024 + 4% 99 70 70 50 50 100 10 DPX-79406 + brox4 0.016 + 0.25 99 80 80 100 100 100 99 'Independent Professional Seedsmen Association. 2Dimethyl amine salt. 'Water soluable crystals of dimethylamine salt. 4Plus X-77 nonionic surfactant from Valent used at 0.25% v/v. *COC- crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert 'Butoxyethyl ester. 'Adjuvant from BASF. 81% methylated seed oil. 23 Evaluation of V-53482 combinations for stale seedbed soybeans. Knake, Ellery I., Keith D. Sheriff, Joe D. Walsh, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate V-53482 used in combination with metribuzin, clethodim, alachlor, and imazethapyr for stale seedbed soybeans Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb SW900A 10 X 40 ft. fair 5 to 6% 5.9 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Replications: Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybean Pioneer 9202 54.5 lb/A May 24, 1991 30 inch Tillage: Moldboard plow November 3, 1990; disk and harrow April 24, 1991; used field cultivator with leveling bar April 25; cultivated check plot June 14. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface for preemergence and 20 inches above the weeds for postemergence. June 12 10:00am Postemergence Date: Time: Treatment Temperature (F) air: 82 soil under sod 4 inch: 62 Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph): 14 SW Sky (% overcast): 60 Relative humidity(%): 48 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 1.81 following week: 4.08 Species present: Giant foxtail leaf no. 3 height (inch) 2.5 Redroot pigweed leaf no. 5 height (inch) 0.5 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 5 height (inch) 0.5 Velvetleaf leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1 Pennsylvania smartweed leaf no. 3 height (inch) 1 Ivyleaf morningglory leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1.5 May 21, 1991 2 : 30pm PPI 76 70 moist 2 SE 10 69 0.47 0.08 to 7 to 8 to to 5 5 2 4 17 2 to 4 5 3 to to 4 2.5 All herbicide treatments in this study gave excellent weed control. Perhaps preparing the seedbed early and then applying herbicides later, closer to the time of weed emergence, contributed to the high degree of success. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 24 Table 1. Evaluation ( )f V-53482 combinations for stale seedbed (Knake, Sheriff, Walsh, Heisner, and Paul). Soyb iean Soybean Soybean Soybear i Gift Gift Gift Gift 5/31 6/10 6/19 7/19 5/31 6/10 6/19 7/19 Treatment Rate — Inji jry — Control - (lb/A) (%) {%) (%) (%) {%) (%) (%) (%) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paraquat + metribuzin + 0.47 + 0.38 + 0 0 0 0 97 98 98 93 metolachlor + X-77 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.063 + 2.5 0 2 2 0 80 92 89 83 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.094 + 2.5 0 4 4 0 90 95 94 88 V-53482 + metr + 0.063 + 0.38 0 2 2 0 93 99 99 95 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + metr + 0.094 + 0.38 0 4 4 2 95 99 99 93 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.063 + 0.1 + 0 2 2 0 98 100 100 94 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.094 + 0.1 + 0 4 4 1 100 100 95 87 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + imazethapyr + 0.063 + 0.032 + 0 2 2 0 98 99 97 96 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.063 + 2.5/ 0 2 2 0 90 94 94 91 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.094 + 2.5/ 0 4 4 0 90 96 96 93 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + imep + 0.094 + 0.032 + 0 4 4 0 100 100 99 93 meto + COC 2.5 LSD(0.05) 0 0 0 0 6 4 4 10 Table 2. Evaluation of V-53482 combinations for stale seedbed (Knake, Sheriff, Walsh, Heisner, and Paul). Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq Colq Colq 5/31 6/10 6/19 7/19 5/31 6/10 6/19 7/19 Treatment Rate Control — (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (X) (%) (%) (%) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paraquat + metribuzin + 0.47 + 0.38 + 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 metolachlor + X-77 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.063 + 2.5 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.094 + 2.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 V-53482 + metr + 0.063 + 0.38 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + metr + 0.094 + 0.38 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.063 + 0.1 + 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 98 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.094 + 0.1 + 100 100 100 98 100 100 99 98 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + imazethapyr + 0.063 + 0.032 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.063 + 2.5/ 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.094 + 2.5/ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + imep + 0.094 + 0.032 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 meto + COC 2.5 LSD(0.05) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.4 1.7 25 Table 3. Evaluation of V-53482 combinations for stale seedbed (Knake, Sheriff, Walsh, Heisner, and Paul). Vele Vele Vele Vele Ilmg Ilmg Ilmg Ilmg 5/31 6/10 6/19 7/19 5/31 6/10 6/19 7/19 Treatment Rate - Conti ■ 1 *■_. SJL VII IV— I 1 V (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paraquat + metribuzin + 0.47 + 0.3! 98 99 99 98 0 17 0 0 metolachlor + X-77 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.063 + 2.5 100 100 98 95 100 100 100 95 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.094 + 2.5 98 99 96 93 100 100 100 95 V-53482 + metr + 0.063 + 0.38 100 99 99 95 100 100 100 97 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + metr + 0.094 + 0.38 100 100 99 98 100 100 100 97 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.063 + 0.1 + 100 99 98 93 10 100 100 100 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.094 + 0.1 + 100 99 99 93 100 100 100 100 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + imazethapyr + 0.063 + 0.032 + 100 100 99 95 100 100 99 99 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.063 + 2.5/ 100 99 97 92 100 100 99 99 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.094 + 2.5/ 100 99 99 93 100 99 99 99 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + imep + 0.094 + 0.032 + 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 meto + COC 2.5 LSD(0.05) 2 1 2 6 0 14 1 5 Table 4. Evaluation of V-53482 combinat ions for stale seedbed (Knake, Sheriff, Walsh, , Heisner, and Paul). Tamg Tamg Tamg Pesw Soybean 6/10 6/19 7/19 5/31 yield Treatment Rate — Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A Check 0 0 0 0 22 .7 Paraquat + metribuzin + 0.47 + 0.38 H 17 0 0 100 44 .5 metolachlor + X-77 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.063 + 2.5 99 99 87 100 37 .0 V-53482 + meto + COC 0.094 + 2.5 99 99 95 100 44 .5 V-53482 + metr + 0.063 + 0.38 99 99 96 100 50 .8 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + metr + 0.094 + 0.38 100 99 96 100 44 .5 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.063 + 0.1 + 98 98 92 100 52 .0 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + clethodim + 0.094 + 0.1 + 99 96 85 100 42 .9 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + imazethapyr + 0.063 + 0.032 + 100 98 95 100 51 .6 meto + COC 2.5 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.063 + 2.5/ 100 99 99 100 51 .6 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + meto + COC/ 0.094 + 2.5/ 99 99 98 100 48 .6 clethodim + COC 0.1 V-53482 + imep + 0.094 + 0.032 + 100 100 100 100 54 .3 meto + COC 2.5 LSD(0.05) 14 2 8 0 11 .1 X-77 @ 0.25% v/v: a nonionic surfactant from Valent. COC 0 1.0 qt/A.: Crop oil concentrate, 83% paraffin ba: se petroleum i Dil wi1 th 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 26 Evaluation of V-53482 and metolalchlor for weed control under two soil moisture conditions. Knake, Ellery L., Keith D. Sheriff, Ronald W. Heisner, Lyle E. Paul, Walsh. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of V53482 soil-applied with metolalchlor under two different soil conditions. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb SW900 B & G 10 X 40 ft fair & poor 5 to 6% 5.9 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Replications: Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: and Joe D. alone and Soybean Williams 82 54.5 lb/A April 26, 1991 30 inch Tillage: Moldboard plowed November 3, 1990; disked and harrowed April 24 1991; used field cultivator with leveling bar April 25; check plots cultivated June 14. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface. Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inch: 54 No species present V-53482 gave excellent control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and Pennsylvania smartweed. Control of velvetleaf, ivyleaf morningglory, and tall morningglory was improved on soils with higher moisture. Metolachlor significantly improved control of giant foxtail but complete control was not achieved. (Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) April 26, 1991 3:30 to 4:00pm Soil moisture: moist Rainfall (inch) Preemergence Wind (mph): 14 SE previous week: 4.08 Sky (% overcast): 5 to 10 following week: 0.57 76 Relative humidity(%): 30 27 Table 1. Evaluation of V-53482 and metolalchlor for weed control under two soil moisture conditions (fair drainage location) (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh) Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Gift Gift 5/15/91 5/29 6/10 6/24 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 Treatment Rate Injury Control V-53482 V-53482 + metolachlor V-53482 (lb/A) 0.0625 0.0625 + 2.5 0.094 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 Check (%) 0 0 0 0 0 (%) 10 5 10 7 0 (%) 1 1 2 2 0 (%) 0 0 0 0 0 (%) 13 63 7 67 0 (%) 47 90 52 90 0 (%) 20 83 40 87 0 (%) 10 68 20 73 0 LSD(0.05) 8 13 Table 2. Evaluation of V-53482 and metolalchlor for weed control under two soil moisture conditions (fair drainage location) (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq Colq Colq 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 Treatment Rate Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) V-53482 0.0625 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 V-53482 + 0.0625 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 metolachlor 2.5 V-53482 0.094 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 3. Evaluation of V-53482 and metolalchlor for weed control under two soil moisture conditions (fair drainage location) (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Vele Vele Vele Vele Pesw Pesw Pesv / Pesw 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 5/15 5/29 6/1C ) 6/24 Treatment Rate Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) V-53482 0.0625 10 77 60 53 3 83 100 93 V-53482 + 0.0625 + 17 80 69 60 93 95 97 97 metolachlor 2.5 V-53482 0.094 23 82 84 82 83 100 100 93 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 37 92 94 93 87 93 100 97 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 13 8 14 7 6 8 5 6.7 Table 4. Evaluation of V-i 53482 and metolalchl or for weed control under two soil moisture cond itions (fair drainage location) (Knake, , Sheriff , Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Ilmg Ilmg Ilmg Ilmg Tamg Tamg Soybean 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 6/10 6/24 ) neld Treatment Rate — Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) < ;bu/A) V-53482 0.0625 3 10 20 20 20 20 20.5 V-53482 + 0.0625 + 13 10 20 20 20 20 33.4 metolachlor 2.5 V-53482 0.094 20 10 30 30 30 30 19.6 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 20 10 33 33 33 33 33.0 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 22.8 LSD(0.05) 11.1 28 Table 5. Evaluation of V- conditions (poor 53482 and drainage metolalchlor for weed control location) (Knake, Sheriff, under two soi Heisner, Paul 1 moisture , and Walsh). Treatment Rate Soybean 5/15/91 Soybean Soybean 5/29 6/10 Injury Soybean Gift 6/24 5/15 Gift Gift 5/29 6/10 Control Gift 6/24 (lb/A) V-53482 0.0625 V-53482 + 0.0625 + metolachlor 2.5 V-53482 0.094 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 Check (%) 0 0 0 0 0 (%) 10 10 10 7 0 (%) 1 1 2 2 0 (%) 0 0 1 1 0 (X) 13 70 10 67 0 (%) 43 90 57 90 0 (%) 37 85 57 90 0 (%) 17 75 28 83 0 LSD(0.05) 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 7 Table 6. Evaluation of V-53482 and metolalchlor for weed control under two soil moisture conditions (poor drainage location (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq Colq Colq 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 Treatment Rate Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (X) (X) V-53482 0.0625 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 V-53482 + 0.0625 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 metolachlor 2.5 V-53482 0.094 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 7. Evaluation of V-53482 and metolalchlor for weed control under two soil moisture conditions (poor drainage location) (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Vele Vele Vele Vele Pesw Pesw Pesw Pesw 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 Treatment Rate Control (lb/A) (X) (%) (%) (%) (X) (%) (X) (X) V-53482 0.0625 7 72 85 82 3 75 96 85 V-53482 + 0.0625 + 17 82 92 82 83 78 99 88 metolachlor 2.5 V-53482 0.094 23 87 99 99 80 87 99 92 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 33 93 100 98 80 92 100 97 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 16 6 5 8 10 8 2 3 Table 8. Evaluation of V-53482 and metolalchlor for weed ocntrol under two soil moisture conditions (poor drainage location) (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Paul, and Walsh). Ilmg Ilmg 1 1 mg 1 1 mg Tamg Tamg Soybean 5/15 5/29 6/10 6/24 6/10 6/24 yield Treatment Rate Injury (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A) V-53482 0.0625 3 7 30 30 30 30 11.3 V-53482 + 0.0625 + 13 12 40 33 40 33 17.8 metolachlor 2.5 V-53482 0.094 10 10 50 33 50 33 12.4 V-53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 20 12 63 40 60 40 17.6 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.6 LSD(0.05) 6.0 29 Location: DeKalb SW900C Soil type: Plot size: 10 X 40 ft Drainage: fair Slope: Organic matter: 5 to 6% Exp. design Soil pH: 5.9 Evaluation of soil-applied lactofen plus alachlor for weed control in soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Howard E. Shepherd, Ronald W. Heisner, Joe D. Walsh, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various rates of lactofen soil-applied with alachlor for weed control in soybeans. Drummer silty Crop: Soybean clay loam Variety: Williams 82 0 to 1% Seeding rate: 54.5 lb/A Randomized Planting date: April 26, 1991 complete block Row spacing: 30 inch Replications: 3 Tillage: Moldboard plowed November 3, 1990; disked and harrowed April 24, 1991; used field cultivator with leveling bar April 25 1991; check plots cultivated June 14, 1991. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface. Date: April 26, 1991 Soil moisture: moist Rainfall (inch) Time: 3:30 to 4:00pm Wind (mph): 14 SE previous week: 4.08 Treatment: Preemergence Sky (% overcast): 5 to 10 following week: 0.57 Temperature (F) Relative air: 76 humidity(%): 30 soil under sod 4 inch: 54 No species present Results of this study indicated activity for soil-applied lactofen with a rate response. All herbicide treatments provided excellent control of redroot pigweed and fair to good control of common lambsquarters with some contribution likely from alachlor. Control of Pennsylvania smartweed was good to excellent with a rate response. Control of velvetleaf was only fair but with some improvement as lactofen rate was increased. Although there was some rate response for lactofen on ivyleaf and tall morningglories, good control was not achieved. Control of giant foxtail was fair to good with a slight contribution attributed to lactofen. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana) . 30 Table 1. Treatment Evaluation of soil-applied lactofen plus alachlor for weed control in soybean (Knake, Shepherd, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul ) . Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Gift Gift 5/15 5/22 5/29 6/11 5/15 5/22 5/29 6/11 Injury Control Rate Lactofen + alachlor Lact + alac Lact + alac Check (lb/A) 0.2 + 3.0 0.3 + 3.0 0.4 + 3.0 (%) 0 0 0 0 (%) 0 0 0 0 (%) 4 5 5 0 (%) 1 2 3 0 (%) 77 83 80 0 (%) 83 87 88 0 (%) 88 92 90 0 (%) 80 85 90 13 LSD(0.05) 0 0 10 7 5 4 22 Table 2. Evaluation of soil-applied lactofen plus alachlor for weed Shepherd. Heisner. Walsh, and Paul). control in soybean (Knake, Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq 5/15 5/22 6/11 5/15 5/22 Treatment Rate Control Colq Colq 5/29 6/11 Lactofen + alachlor Lact + alac Lact + alac Check (lb/A) 0.2 + 3.0 0.3 + 3.0 0.4 + 3.0 (%) 100 100 100 0 (X) 100 100 100 0 (%) 100 100 100 0 w 100 100 100 0 (%) 100 100 100 0 w 100 100 100 0 (%) 83 90 97 0 LSD(0.05) 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Table 3. Evaluation of soil-applied lactofen plus alachlor for weed control Shepherd. Heisner. Walsh, and Paul). in soybean (Knake, Vele Vele Vele Vele Ilmg Ilmg 5/15 5/22 5/29 6/11 5/15 5/22 Treatment Rate Control Ilmg Ilmg 5/29 6/11 Lactofen + alachlor Lact + alac Lact + alac Check (lb/A) 0.2 + 3.0 0.3 + 3.0 0.4 + 3.0 (%) 53 60 62 0 (%) 40 45 50 0 (%) 50 58 60 0 (%) 60 70 80 0 (%) 7 10 10 0 (%) 10 13 27 0 (%) 7 8 10 0 (%) 10 20 30 0 LSD(0.05) 7 11 10 0 6 7 5 0 Table 4. Evaluatior Shepherd. i of woil Heisner. -qpplied lactofen Walsh, and Paul). Pi us alachlor for weed control in soybean (Kr ake, Treatment Rate Pesw 5/15 Pesw 5/22 Pesw Pesw 5/29 6/11 — Control - Tamg 6/11 Soybean yield Lactofen + alachlor Lact + alac Lact + alac Check (lb/A) 0.2 + 3.0 0.3 + 3.0 0.4 + 3.0 (%) 70 77 80 0 (%) 83 87 93 0 (%) 87 93 95 0 (%) 92 97 100 0 (%) 10 20 30 0 (bu/A) 34.1 32.9 36.1 23.9 LSD(0.05) 11 5.5 31 Evaluation of lactofen soil-applied followed by sequential application of lactofen plus clethodim. Knake, Ellery L., Howard E. Shepherd, Ronald W. Heisner, Joe D. Walsh, and Lyle E, Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate soil-applied lactofen followed by postemergence application of lactofen plus clethodim. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb SW900D 10 X 40 ft fair 5 to 6% 5.9 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Replications: Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybean Williams 82 54.5 lb/A April 26, 1991 30 inch Tillage: Moldboard plowed November 3, 1990; disked and harrowed April 24, 1991; used field cultivator with leveling bar April 25; check plots cultivated June 14. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface for preemergence and 20 inches above the weeds for postemergence. Date: April 26, 1991 May 22 Giant foxtail Time: 3:30 to 4: :00pm 2:30pm leaf no. 2 Treatment: Preemergence Postemergence height (inch) 2 Temperature (F) Redroot pigweed air: 76 82 leaf no. cotyl soil under sod height (inch) 1 4 inch: 54 64 Common lambsquarters Soil moisture: moist moist leaf no. 2 Wind (mph): 14 SE 13 SW height (inch) 2 Sky (% overcast): 5 to 10 60 Velvetleaf Relative leaf no. 2 humidity(%): 30 60 height (inch) 1.5 Rainfall (inch) Pennsylvania previous week: 4.08 1.84 smartweed following week: 0.57 3.93 leaf no. 1 No species present Species present on May 22: height (inch) 2 Soybeans Ivyleaf morningglory leaf no. uni foliate leaf no. 2 Height (inch) 4 height (inch) 2 Giant foxtail control with clethodim applications of alachlor or metolachlor in Barnyardgrass leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 postemergence was excellent and superior to earlier other nearby studies. All herbicide treatments gave excellent control of redroot pigweed. Control of common lambsquarters and annual morningglories was poor to fair. Control of Pennsylvania smartweed was good and was best with the higher amount of lactofen applied postemergence. Velvetleaf control was very good and increased with the higher rates applied postemergence. In general, using the higher rates of lactofen postemergence rather than preemergence improved weed control and also caused more temporary effect on the soybeans. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana). 32 Table 1. Evaluation of lactofen soil -applied followed by sequential application of lactofen plus clethodim (Knake, Shepherd, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul) . Soybean Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Gift 5/15 5/22 6/11 5/15 5/22 6/11 Treatment Rate Injury -- Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Lactofen + COC/ 0.2 +/ 0 0 15 0 0 99 lact + clethodim + COC 0.2 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.25 +/ 0 0 10 0 0 99 lact + clet + COC 0.15 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.3 +/ 0 0 5 5 5 99 lact + clet + COC 0.1 + 0.094 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 52 Table 2. Evaluation of lactofen soil-applied followed by sequential application of lactofen plus clethodim (Knake. Shepherd. Heisner. Walsh, and Paul) Colq Colq Colq Vele Vele Vele 5/15 5/22 6/11 5/15 5/22 6/11 Treatment Rate Control — (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Lactofen + COC/ 0.2 +/ 100 100 40 0 7 98 lact + clethodim + COC 0.2 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.25 +/ 100 100 40 0 13.3 95 lact + clet + COC 0.15 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.3 +/ 100 100 33 3 23 90 lact + clet + COC 0.1 + 0.094 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 0 0 11 6 7 0 COC is crop oil concentrate used at 1 qt/A: 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactuant and 1% inert. 33 Table 3. Evaluation of lactofen soil-applied followed by sequential application of lactofen plus clethodim (Knake, Shepherd, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul). Ilmg Ilmg Ilmg Pesw Pesw Pesw 5/15 5/22 6/11 5/15 5/22 6/11 Treatment Rate Control - (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Lactofen + COC/ 0.2 +/ 0 0 50 0 20 99 lact + clethodim + COC 0.2 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.25 +/ 0 0 60 0 20 99 lact + clet + COC 0.15 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.3 +/ 0 0 46 0 23 90 lact + clet + COC 0.1 + 0.094 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 0 0 5 0 5 0 Table 4. Evaluation of lactofen soil-applied followed by sequential application of lactofen plus clethodim (Knake, Shepherd, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul). Tamg Rrpw Rrpw Soybean 6/11 5/15 5/22 yield Treatment Rate Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A) Lactofen + COC/ 0.2 +/ 50 100 100 35.6 lact + clethodim + COC 0.2 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.25 +/ 60 100 100 35.5 lact + clet + COC 0.15 + 0.094 Lact + COC/ 0.3 +/ 46 100 100 30.1 lact + clet + COC 0.1 + 0.094 Check 0 0 0 18.3 LSD(0.05) 5 0 0 7.6 COC is crop oil concentrate used at 1 qt/A: 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. 34 Evaluation of lactofen combinations for weed control in soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Howard E. Shepard, Ronald W. Heisner, Joe D. Walsh, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postemergence application of lactofen in combination with thifensulfuron, imazethapyr, bentazon, and chlorimuron. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb SW900E 10 X 40 ft fair 5 to 6% 5.9 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Replications: Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybean Williams 82 54.5 lb/A April 26, 1991 30 inch Tillage: Moldboard plowed November 3, 1990; disked and harrowed April 24, 1991; used field cultivator with leveling bar April 25; check plots cultivated June 14. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with and 20 inches above the weeds. mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzles spaced 20 inches apart Date: May 22, 1991 Time: 3:00pm Species present: Treatment: Postemergence Soybean Velvetleaf Temperature (F) leaf no. uni foliate leaf no. 2 air: 82 height (inch) 4 height (inch) 2 soil under sod Giant foxtail Pennsylvania smartweed 4 inch: 64 leaf no. 2 leaf no. 1 Soil moisture: moist height (inch) 2 height (inch) 2 Wind (mph): 13 SW Redroot pigweed Ivyleaf morningglory Sky (% overcast): 60 leaf no. cotyledon leaf no. 2 Relative height (inch) 1 height (inch) 2 humidity(%): 60 Common lambsquarters Barnyardgrass Rainfall (inch) leaf no. 2 leaf no. 2 previous week: 1.84 height (inch) 2 height (inch) 2 following week: 3.93 All herbicide treatments gave excellent control of redroot pigweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. Addition of thifensulfuron, imazethapyr, or bentazon to lactofen significantly improved control of common lambsquarters but chlorimuron gave little help. Lactofen plus bentazon or imazethapyr gave excellent control of velvetleaf with thifensulfuron a little less effective and chlorimuron least effective. All treatments gave only poor to fair control of the annual morningglories. In general, imazethapyr or bentazon performed best with lactofen and there was a slight rate response for lactofen. Imazethapyr had the advantage of providing control of grass weeds. Clethodim applied to the entire area on June 12 when giant foxtail was about 8 inches tall provided good control. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 35 Table 1. Evaluation of lactofen combinations for weed control in soybeans Heisner, Walsh, and Paul). (Knake, Shepherd, Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Rrpw Rrpw Pesw Pesw 5/29 6/11 5/29 6/11 5/29 6/11 5/29 6/11 Treatment Rate — Inj ury - — Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Lactofen + 0.1 + 5 5 12 10 100 100 90 100 thifensulfuron + X-771 0.004 Lact + thif + X-771 0.125 + 0.004 10 7 12 10 100 100 93 100 Lact + imazethapyr + 0.1 + 0.063 7 10 82 80 100 100 95 100 X-77 + 28%N Lact + imep + 0.125 + 0.063 10 12 80 80 100 100 98 100 X-77 + 28%N Lact + bent + 0.1 + 0.5 5 5 13 10 100 100 100 100 X-77 + 28%N Lact + bentazon + 0.125 + 0.5 10 7 13 10 100 100 100 100 X-77 + 28%N Lact + dim + 0.1 + 0.008 5 5 17 10 100 100 98 100 X-77 + 28%N Lact + chlorimuron + 0.125 + 0.008 7 7 18 10 100 100 100 100 X-77 + 28%N Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD 2 0 5 0 0 0 4 0 Table 2. Evaluation of lactofen combinations for weed control in soybeans (Knake, Shepherd, Heisner. Walsh, and Paul). Colq Colq Vele Vele Ilmg Ilmg Tamg Soybean 5/29 6/11 5/29 6/11 5/29 6/11 6/11 yield Treatment Rate — Control — (lb/A) (%) (X) (%) (X) (X) (%) (%) (bu/A) Lactofen + 0.1 + 87 97 57 88 10 30 30 33.9 thifensulfuron + X-771 0.004 Lact + thif + X-771 0.125 + 0.004 92 100 67 93 23 57 56 34.9 Lact + imazethapyr + 0.1 + 0.063 92 95 98 99 87 67 66 40.9 X-77 + 28%N Lact + imep + 0.0125 + 0.063 92 93 97 100 80 77 76 41.9 X-77 + 28%N Lact + bentazon + 0.1 + 0.5 97 100 100 100 87 57 56 36.8 X-77 + 28%N Lact + bent + 0.125 + 0.5 97 100 100 99 90 70 70 39.5 X-77 + 28%N Lact + chlorimuron + 0.1 + 0.008 75 27 90 70 80 50 50 34.2 X-77 + 28%N Lact + clim + 0.125 + 0.008 73 38 83 77 80 60 60 36.5 X-77 + 28%N Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.7 LSD(0.05) 7 10 8 3 6 10 10 6.3 1 X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent used at 0.125% v/v for the first two trearments, and at 0.25% v/v for the other treatments. 28% N is urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution used at 1 gal /A. All plots were treated with clethodim @ 0.094 lb/A a.i. on June 12. 36 Evaluation of clethodim postemergence combinations for weed control in soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Howard E. Shepard, Ronald W. Heisner, Joe D. Walsh, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postemergence combinations of clethodim with bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen for efficacy and possible antagonism. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb SW900F 10 X 40 ft fair 5 to 6% 5.9 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Tillage: Moldboard plowed November cultivator with leveling bar April A tractor mounted compressed nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block Replications: 3 3 1990; disked and harrowed April 24, 25; check plots cultivated June 14. air sprayer was used traveling 3 Width of spray was ten feet with Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybean Williams 82 54.5 lb/A April 26, 1991 30 inch and 20 inches Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inch: Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Sky (% overcast): Relative humidity(%): Rainfall (inch) previous week: following week: above the weeds. May 22, 1991 3:30pm Postemergence 82 64 moist 13 SW 60 1991; used field mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzles spaced 20 inches apart 60 1.84 3.93 Species present: Soybean leaf no. height (inch) Giant foxtail leaf no. height (inch) Redroot pigweed leaf no. height (inch) Common lambsquarters leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 uni foliate 4 2 2 cotyledon 1 Velvetleaf leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Pennsylvania smartweed leaf no. 1 height (inch) 2 Ivyleaf morningglory leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Barnyardgrass leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Clethodim provided excellent control of giant foxtail with little or no antagonism from bentazon, chlorimuron or lactofen. Chlorimuron and lactofen provided excellent control of redroot pigweed but bentazon did not. Bentazon provided good control of common lambsquarters but chlorimuron and lactofen did not. Bentazon and lactofen provided better control of velvetleaf than chlorimuron. None of the treatments gave good control of annual morningglories but all gave very good control of Pennsylvania smartweed. One of the most significant observations was control of redroot pigweed by adding lactofen to bentazon. (Dept.of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 37 Table 1. Evaluation of clethodim postemergence combinations for weed control in soybeans (Knake, Shepherd, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul). Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq 5/31 6/12 5/31 6/12 5/31 6/12 5/31 6/12 Treatment Rate — Injury Control (TB7A) ffl ffl ffl (%) (%) (%) (%) {%T Clethodim + 0.094 + 5 0 82 97 0 0 97 98 bentazon + COC 0.075 + 1% Clet + 0.094 + 5 5 80 100 100 100 8 10 chlorimuron + COC 0.008 + 1% Clet + 0.094 + 15 10 88 97 100 99 9 10 lactofen + COC 0.2 + 0.5% Clet + lact + 0.094 + 0.125 +15 7 93 99 100 97 98 95 bent + COC 0.5 + 0.5% Check 00000000 LSD(0.05) 0 0 3 5 0 18 0 Table 2. Evaluation of clethodim postemergence combinations for weed control in soybeans (Knake, Shepherd, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul. Vele Vele II mg II mg Pesw Pesw Tamg Soybean 5/31 6/12 5/31 6/12 5/31 6/12 6/12 yield Treatment Rate Control (WA) (%] (%) (%) (%) (%] (%) (%) (WAT Clethodim + 0.094 + 90 97 10 10 97 99 10 46.6 bentazon + COC 0.075 + 1% Clet + 0.094 + 70 20 10 63 100 100 63 45.1 chlorimuron + COC 0.008 + 1% Clet + 0.094 + 90 90 20 30 95 97 30 44.3 lactofen + COC 0.2 + 0.5% Clet + lact + 0.094 + 0.125 + 95 97 20 40 97 97 40 41.4 bent + COC 0.5 + 0.5% Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30.2 LSD(0.05) 0 3 0 10 6 5 10 10.1 COC is crop. oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert 38 Effect of imazethapyr on the performance of postemerqence herbicides used for control of grass weeds. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, Joe D. Walsh, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible antagonistic effect of imazethapyr on sethoxydim, fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop, and quizalofop. Location: DeKalb SW900H Plot size: 5 X 40 ft Drainage: fair Organic matter: 5 to 6% Soil pH: 5.9 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Replications: Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybean Williams 54.5 lb/A April 26, 1991 30 inch 82 Tillage: Moldboard plowed November cultivator with leveling bar April A bicycle mounted OSU compressed a fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. W apart and 20 inches above the weed 3 1990; disked and harrowed April 24 1991; used field 25; check plots cultivated June 14. ir sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi idth of spray was five feet with nozzles spaced and 8004 flat 20 inches Date: May 23, 1991 Species present: Time: 6:45am Soybean Velvetleaf Treatment: Postemergence leaf no. 1st trif leaf no. 2 Temperature (F) height (inch) 4 height (inch) 2 air: 69 Giant foxtail Pennsylvania smartweed soil under sod leaf no. 2 leaf no. 2 4 inch: 64 height (inch) 2.5 height (inch) 2 Soil moisture: moist Redroot pigweed Ivyleaf morningglory Wind (mph): 9 SSW leaf no. 2 leaf no. cotyl Sky (% overcast): 100 height (inch) 2 height (inch) 1 Relative Common lambsquarters Giant ragweed humidity(%): 93 leaf no. 10 to 12 leaf no. 3 Rainfall (inch) height (inch) 3.5 height (inch) 6 previous week: 1.84 following week: 3.91 In a previous study an antagonistic effect was noted resulting in decreased grass control when imazethapyr was added to clethodim. In this study, the most antagonism to decrease control of giant foxtail was noted with imazethapyr added to sethoxydim. Fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop was intermediate and the least was with quizalofop. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 39 Table. Effect of imazethapyr on the performance of postemergence herbicides used for control of grass weeds (Knake, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul) Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Vele Vele Pesw Pesw Soybean 6/6 6/18 6/6 6/18 6/6 6/18 6/6 6/18 yield Treatment Rate - Cont rol -- (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (56) (%) {%) (%) (%) (bu/A) Imazethapyr 0.063 0 0 62 52 50 50 100 78 11.0 Sethoxydim 0.14 0 0 90 93 0 0 0 0 7.5 Imep + seth 0.063 + 0.14 0 0 64 57 50 50 100 78 9.0 Fluazifop & 0.125 & 0 0 99 99 0 0 0 0 9.6 fenoxaprop 0.035 Imep + 0.063 + 0 0 82 75 50 50 100 82 12.7 flfp & fenx 0.125 & 0.35 Quizalofop 0.044 0 0 99 99 0 0 0 0 9.6 Imep + qufp 0.063 + 0.044 0 0 92 92 50 53 100 80 13.1 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 LSD(0.05) 0 0 5 5 0 4 0 3 3.0 Crop oil concentrate of 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert was used 0 1.0 qt/A with each treatment. 40 Evaluation of auizalofop for earlv preplant of no-till soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Joe D. Walsh, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quizalofop alone and in combination with 2,4-D for control of vegetation prior to planting no-till soybeans Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: Tillage: stalks The D+ isomer of quizalofop was used DeKalb SW1700E 10 X 45 ft fair 5 to 6% 6.0 chopped April 24 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: A tractor mounted compressed air 1991. sprayer was and the butoxyethyl low volatile ester of 2,4-D. Flanagan silt Replications: 3 loam Crop: 0 to 1% Seeding rate: Randomized Planting date: complete block Row spacing: Soybean 54.5 lb/A May 29, 1991 30 inch nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. 20 inches above the weeds. used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart fan and Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inch: 63 Soil moisture: wet Wind (mph): 11 SW Sky (% overcast): 80 Relative humidity(%): Rainfall (inch) previous week: 1.81 following week: 3.95 Giant foxtail leaf no. height (inch) Velvetleaf leaf no. height (inch) Yellow nutsedge leaf no. height (inch) Giant ragweed leaf no. height (inch) Common lambsquarters leaf no. 17 height (inch) 4 Pennsylvania smartweed 3 2 May 22, 1991 11:30 am Knockdown 77 81 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 6 May 30, 1991 11:00 am Postemergence 78 71 moist 8 SSW 5 62 3.93 1.23 Giant leaf application foxtail no. 5 + height (inch) 7 Velvetleaf leaf no. 5 height (inch) 2.5 Yellow nutsedge leaf no. 4 height (inch) 3.5 Common lambsquarters 3 tillers leaf no. height (inch) Redroot pigweed leaf no. height (inch) Horseweed leaf no. height (inch) multiple 6.5 17 5.5 leaf no. 3 leaf no. multiple height (inch) 2 height (inch) 10 Horseweed leaf no. 8 height (inch) 6 Quizalofop at all rates provided excellent control of giant foxtail, equivalent to control with sethoxydim applied early preplant. Although chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron was applied postemergence to all but the check plots, 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester applied early preplant enhanced control of velvetleaf. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 41 Table 1. Evaluation of quizalofop for early preplant of no-till soybeans and Paul). (Knake, Walsh, Heisner Soybean Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Gift Vele Vele Vele 6/4 6/12 6/25 6/4 6/12 6/25 6/4 6/12 6/25 Treatment Rate Injury - — Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Quizalofop + COC 0.016 0 0 0 83 100 95 50 85 50 Qufp + COC 0.022 0 0 0 85 100 95 57 85 57 Qufp + COC 0.031 0 0 0 90 100 96 60 85 57 Qufp + COC 0.044 0 0 0 100 100 96 63 83 57 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.016 + 0.24 0 0 0 88 100 95 73 99 92 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.022 + 0.24 0 0 0 78 100 95 73 98 88 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.031 + 0.24 0 0 0 90 100 95 73 98 90 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.044 + 0.24 0 0 0 100 100 97 80 99 92 Sethoxydim + COC 0.094 0 0 0 87 100 94 60 85 38 Seth + 2,4-D + COC 0.094 + 0.24 0 0 0 87 100 94 80 99 95 2,4-D 0.24 0 0 0 50 50 50 80 99 91 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 0 0 0 14 0 1 8 2 4 Table 2. Evaluation of quizalofop for early preplant of no-till soybeans (Knake, Walsh, Heisner and Paul). Colq Colq Voco2 Voco Yens Soybean 6/12 6/25 6/12 6/25 6/25 yield Treatment Rate Control (lb/A) (%) (%) (X) [%) (%) (bu/A) Quizalofop + COC 0.016 98 97 50 50 30 36.5 Qufp + COC 0.022 100 93 50 50 30 33.9 Qufp + COC 0.031 100 97 50 50 32 33.4 Qufp + COC 0.044 98 97 50 50 33 32.0 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.016 + 0. ,24 100 100 50 50 30 42.2 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.022 + 0. ,24 100 100 50 50 33 43.4 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.031 + 0. ,24 100 100 50 50 62 41.7 Qufp + 2,4-D + COC 0.044 + 0. ,24 100 100 50 50 63 43.2 Sethoxydim + COC 0.094 100 97 50 50 73 32.4 Seth + 2,4-D- + COC 0.094 + 0, ,24 100 100 50 50 70 45.5 2,4-D 0.24 100 100 0 0 30 42.0 Check 0 0 0 0 0 24.8 LSD(0.05) 7.0 1 1/16 oz/A a.i. of chlorimuron and 1/16 oz/A a.i. of thifensulfuron were applied to all plots except the check on May 30. 2 Volunteer corn. COC 0 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester. 42 Evaluation of clethodim with imazethapyr. lactofen. and chlorimuron plus metribuzin, preplant for no-till soybeans. Knake, Ellery L., Howard Shepherd, Joe D. Walsh, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clethodim in combination with chlorimuron plus metribuzin, imazethapyr, and lactofen for control of existing vegetation prior to planting no-till soybeans. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: Soil type: silt Slope: Exp. design: DeKalb SW1700C 10 X 45 ft fair 5 to 6% 6.0 Tillage: stalks chopped April 24, 1991 A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with and 20 inches above the soil surface. Flanagan loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block Repl ications: Crop: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybean 54.5 lb/A May 29, 1991 30 inch mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzles spaced 20 inches apart Date: May 22, 1991 Rainfall (inch) Giant ragweed Time: 12:00 noon previous week: 1. 81 leaf no. 5 Treatment: Preemerg ence following week: 3. 95 height (inch) 5 Temperature (F) Giant foxtail Common lambsquarters air: 77 leaf no. 3 leaf no. 10 soil under sod height (inch) 4 height (inch) 4 (4 inch): 63 Velvetleaf Common ragweed Soil moisture: wet leaf no. 2 leaf no. 6 Wind (mph): 11 SW height (inch) 2 height (inch) 10 Sky (% overcast) : 80 Yellow nutsedge Horseweed Relative leaf no. 2 leaf no. 10 humidity(%): 81 height (inch) 4 height (inch) 6 to 12 Clethodim gave excellent control of giant foxtail at both 0.125 and 0.15 lb/A with no antagonism noted by adding metribuzin and chlorimuron, imazethapyr or lactofen. All treatments gave very good control of velvetleaf. Metribuzin and chlorimuron or imazethapyr gave yery good control of common lambsquarters but lactofen did not. This study suggests the feasibility of clethodim plus metribuzin and chlorimuron, imazethapyr or lactofen for early preplant for no- till soybeans. However the addition of a herbicide to improve common lambsquarters control with lactofen is suggested. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 43 Table 1. Evaluation of clethodim with imazethapyr, lactofen, and chlorimuron plus metribuzin, preplant for no-till soybeans (Knake, Shepherd, Walsh, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Soybean Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Gift Gift Yens Yens Yens 6/12 6/26 7/24 5/29 6/12 6/26 7/24 5/29 6/26 7/24 Injury Control Clethodim + metribuzin & chlorimuron Clet + metr & clim Clet + imazethapyr Clet + imep + COC Clet + lactofen + Clet + lactofen + Check (lb/A) 0.125 + 0.28 & + COC 0.047 0.15 + + COC 0.28 & 0.047 0.125 + + COC 0.063 0.15 + 0.063 0.125 + COC 0.4 0.15 + COC 0.4 LSD(0.05) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 0 0 0 93 100 100 98 90 93 93 0 0 0 92 100 98 95 93 97 97 0 0 0 67 100 100 98 60 93 93 0 0 0 80 98 98 97 100 100 100 0 0 0 100 100 100 98 83 88 87 0 0 0 100 100 100 98 85 100 90 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 16 2 2 4 29 11 11 Table 2. Evaluation of clethodim with imazethapyr, lactofen, and chlorimuron plus metribuzin, preplant for no-till soybeans (Knake, Shepherd, Walsh, Heisner, and Paul). Vele Vele Vele Vele Colq Colq Colq Colq Soybean 5/29 6/12 6/26 7/24 5/29 6/12 6/26 7/24 yield Treatment Rate Control — (lb/A) (%) (%) (X) (X) (%) <*) <%) (%) (bu/A) Clethodim + 0.125 + 100 100 99 97 97 100 100 100 44.4 metribuzin & 0.28 & chlorimuron + COC 0.047 Clet + 0.15 + 100 100 97 95 100 100 100 100 41.7 metr & clim + COC 0.28 & 0.047 Clet + 0.125 + 60 97 93 88 20 96 93 88 39.4 imazethapyr + COC 0.063 Clet + 0.15 + 90 99 99 97 85 97 94 89 39.4 imep + COC 0.063 Clet + 0.125 + 90 95 91 83 70 30 30 30 36.5 lactofen + COC 0.4 Clet + 0.15 + 100 98 97 88 95 30 30 30 37.6 lactofen + COC 0.4 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.6 LSD(0.05) 9 3 5 9 26 1 3 6 6.5 COC 0 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate is 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 44 Evaluation of herbicide combinations for no-till soybeans. Knake, Ellery Sheriff, Ronald W. Heisner, Joe D. Walsh, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this herbicide combinations for no-till soybeans. time evaluate one Location: Plot size: Drainage: fair Organic matter: 5 to Soil pH: 6.0 Tillage: stalks chopped L., Keith study was to DeKalb SW1700W 10 X 45 ft 6% Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Flanagan silt loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block A tractor mounted compressed nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. inches above the soil and 20 Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod (4 inch): Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Sky (% overcast) Relative humidity(%): april 24 1991. air sprayer was used traveling 3 Width of spray was ten feet with surface. Replications: Crop: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: 3 Soybean 54.5 lb/A May 29, 1991 30 inch May 22, 1991 12:15 pm Preemergence 77 63 wet 11 SW 80 81 Rainfall (inch) previous week: following week: Giant foxtail leaf no. height (inch) Velvetleaf leaf no. height (inch) Yellow nutsedge leaf no. height (inch) 1.81 3.95 3 4 2 2 2 4 mph with 30 psi and 8004 nozzles spaced 20 inches Giant ragweed leaf no. 5 height (inch) 5 Common lambsquarters flat fan apart leaf no. 10 height (inch) Common ragweed leaf no. 4 6 height (inch) Horseweed 10 leaf no. 10 height (inch) 6 to 12 All herbicide treatments gave excellent control of giant foxtail, velvetleaf, Pennsylvania smartweed, and common lambsquarters with no significant effect on soybeans. Clethodim, glyphosate or glufosinate gave good burndown of giant foxtail and metolachlor provided residual control. For control of velvetleaf, V-53482 and metribuzin were effective although burndown with only glyphosate also appeared to be adequate. Control of common lambsquarters was very good with all herbicide treatments. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 45 Table 1. Evaluation of herbicide combinations for no-till soybeans Walsh, and Paul). (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Soybean Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Gift Gift Yens Pesw 6/12 6/26 7/24 5/29 6/12 6/26 7/24 5/29 5/29 Treatment Rate Injury - — Control (lb/A) {%) (%) (X) (%) (X) (X) (X) (X) (%) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clethodim + COC + 0.094 + 0 0 0 100 100 99 96 100 100 V53482 + metolalchlor 0.063 + 2.5 Clet + COC + 0.094 + 0 0 0 100 100 99 98 100 100 V53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 V53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 0 0 0 100 100 100 99 100 100 glyphosate 1.0 V53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 0 0 0 100 100 99 97 100 100 glyt 1.0 Meto + glyt 2.5 + 1.0 0 0 0 98 100 99 96 80 100 Metribuzin + 0.38 + 0 0 0 90 100 99 98 100 100 meto + glyt 2.5 + 1.0 V53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 0 0 0 100 100 99 96 100 100 glufosinate 0.75 V53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 0 0 0 100 100 99 96 100 100 glufosinate 0.75 LSD(0.05) 20 Table 2. Evaluation of herbicide combinations for no-till soybeans (Knake, Sheriff, Heisner, Walsh, and Paul). Vele Vele Vele Vele Colq Colq Colq Colq Soybean 5/29 6/12 6/26 7/24 5/29 6/12 6/26 7/24 yield Treatment Rate Control - (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) w (%) (bu/A) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23.1 Clethodim + COC + 0.094 + 100 100 97 94 100 100 100 100 47.9 V53482 + metolalchlor 0.063 + 2.5 Clet + COC + 0.094 + 100 100 98 96 100 100 100 100 51.3 V53482 + meto 0.094 + 2.5 V53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 100 100 99 98 100 100 100 100 51.3 glyphosate 1.0 V53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 100 100 99 97 100 100 100 100 52.3 glyt 1.0 Meto + glyt 2.5 + 1.0 97 93 93 90 100 100 100 100 51.4 Metribuzin + 0.38 + 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 42.0 meto + glyt 2.5 + 1.0 V53482 + meto + 0.063 + 2.5 + 100 100 99 98 100 100 100 100 49.4 glufosinate 0.75 V53482 + meto + 0.094 + 2.5 + 100 100 97 96 100 100 100 100 49.6 glufosinate 0.75 LSD(0.05) 3 3 3 4 0 0 0 0 11.4 COC @ 1.0 qt/A: crop oil concentrate is 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 46 Soil type: Drummer silty Crop: Corn clay loam Variety: DK 636 Slope: 0 to 1% Seeding rate: 28,300 Exp. design: Randomized Planting date: May 1, 1991 Replications: complete block 4 Row spacing: 30 inch Weed control for no-till corn in soybean stubble. Tomera, Craig A., Ellery L. Knake, Lyle E. Paul, Ronald W. Heisner, and David R. Pike. The purpose of this study was to evaluate herbicide treatments for no-till corn after soybeans. Location: DeKalb SW1900E Plot size: 50 X 10 Drainage: fair Organic matter- 5 to 6% Soil pH: 6.3 Fertility: 180 lb/A NH4N03 May 8, 1991. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface for preemergence and 20 inches above the weeds for postemergence. Date: April 24, 1991 May 30, 1991 Time: 2:00 pm 1:30 pm Treatment: Burndown & Pre Postemergence Temperature (F) air: 72 84 soil under sod 4 inches: 49 73 Soil moisture: moist moist Wind (mph): 10 N 15 SSW Sky (% overcast): 25 5 Relative humidity(%): 22 54 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 0.15 3.93 following week: 0.57 1.59 Corn leaf no. 6 height (inch) 12 Giant foxtail leaf no. 5 height (inch) 3 to 5 Velvetleaf leaf no. 2 cotyl 4 height (inch) 0.5 2.5 Redroot pigweed leaf no. 9 height (inch) 3 to 4 Where corn and soybeans are the predominant crops, one of the most convenient approaches for no-till is to plant corn in soybean stubble. Previous studies have indicated a high degree of success without increasing amount or cost of herbicides. Combinations of atrazine and cyanazine in 1:1 or 1:3 ratios have provided both early burndown and good residual. The availability of nicosulfuron now provides the opportunity for a postemergence follow-up treatment if needed. A modest rate of glyphosate for early burndown combined with an acetanilide and atrazine has also performed well. In this study, use of dicamba, bromoxynil or bentazon each in combination with atrazine and followed by nicosulfuron provided excellent control of grass weeds. For early application, dicamba with atrazine appeared to have some advantage over bromoxynil or bentazon for greater residual control of broadleaf weeds. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 47 Table 1. Weed control for no-till corn in soybean stubble (Tomera, Knake, Heisner, Pike, and Paul). Corn Corn Corn Gift Gift Gift Colq 6/4 6/10 6/24 6/4 6/10 6/24 6/4 Treatment Rate injury — — — — — - cor itrol -- (lb/A) (%) (X) {%) (%) (%) (%) {%) Atrazine + 2.0 + 0 5 2 83 100 99 100 cyanazine + COC + 28%N 2.0 Glyphosate + 0.38 + 0 1 0 93 100 100 100 metolalchlor & atra 2.0 & 1.6 Glyt + ICIA 5676 + 0.38 + 2.0 + 0 0 0 93 100 98 100 atra 1.5 Cyan & atra + COC/ 3.0 & 1.0/ 0 3 1 98 100 100 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Dicamba & atra + COC/ 0.47 & 0.92 0 5 2 93 100 100 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Bromoxynil + atra/ 0.25 -t 0.5/ 0 0 0 80 98 96 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Bentazon & atra + COC/ 0.75 & 0.75/ 0 0 0 63 100 94 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 0 5 2 22 Table 2. Weed control for no-till corn in soybean stubble (Tomera, Knake, Heisner, Pike, and Paul). mi VttT 7EUE YENS RRPW KRTw" CoTS 6/4 6/10 6/24 6/4 6/10 6/24 yield Treatment Rate control (TbTA) (%) (%) (%j (%) (%) (%) (buTA) Atrazine + 2.0 + 78 97 90 95 100 100 133.5 cyanazine + COC + 28%N 2.0 Glyphosate + 0.38 + 60 95 89 93 100 100 120.5 metolalchlor & atra 2.0 & 1.6 Glyt + ICIA 5676 + 0.38+2.0+ 87 99 97 97 100 100 99.7 atra * 1.5 Cyan & atra + COC/ 3.0 & 1.0/ 91 99 98 95 100 100 115.5 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Dicamba & atra + COC/ 0.47 & 0.92/ 83 98 92 85 100 100 103.7 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Bromoxynil + atra/ 0.25 + 0.5/ 60 90 79 90 100 100 125.2 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Bentazon & atra + COC/ 0.75 & 0.75/ 58 76 63 95 100 95 81.2 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 43.0 LSD 21 12 11 12 0 5 79.5 COC- crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1 qt/A. 28%N is urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution used at 1.0 gal/A. X-77 nonionic surfactant from Valent used at 0.25% v/v. 48 Weed control for no-till soybeans after corn. Tomera, Craig A., Ellery L. Knake, Lyle E. Paul, Ronald W. Heisner, and David R. Pike. The purpose of this study was to evaluate herbicide treatments for no-till soybeans after corn. Location: DeKalb SW1900W Soil type: Drummer silty Crop: Soybean Plot size: 50 X 10 ft. clay loam Variety: Pioneer 9272 Drainage: fair Slope: 0 to 1% Seeding rate: 54.5 lb/A Organic matter: 5 to 6% Exp. design: Randomized Planting date: May 24, 1991 Soil pH: 6.3 complete block Row spacing: 30 inch Replications: 4 A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used for the first application traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the weeds. A bicycle mounted OSU compressed air sprayer was used for second and third sequential applications traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was five feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the weeds. Date: May 21, 1991 June 18, 1991 June 24, 1991 Time: 2:30pm 1:30pm 1:30pm Treatment: Burndown Postemergence Late postemergence Temperature (F) air: 81 81 78 soil under sod 4 inch: 62 70 68 Soil moisture: moist dry dry Wind (mph): 13 SSW 3 WSW 5 ESE Sky (% overcast): 70 5 5 Relative humidity(%): 52 39 39 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 1.71 0.5 0.23 following week: 4.08 0.23 1.6 Soybeans leaf no. 2nd tri folio! ate 3rd trifoliolate height (inch) 6.5 7.5 Giant foxtail leaf no. 3 4 & 1 tiller 5 & 3 tillers height (inch) 3 7.5 10 Redroot pigweed leaf no. 6 7 height (inch) 2.5 3.5 Common lambsquart ers leaf no. 17 height (inch) 2 Velvetleaf leaf no. cotyl 6 7 height (inch) 1 3.5 5.5 Common ragweed leaf no. 3 12 height (inch) 2 5.5 Yellow nutsedge leaf no. 6 9 11 height (inch) 3 8.5 10.5 The metribuzin and chlorimuron combination has generally given excellent control of a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds, including weeds such as prickly lettuce and horseweed that are often associated with no-till. If pressure from grass weeds is not very great, the metribuzin and chlorimuron combination may be adequate as indicated in this study. However, herbicides such as pendimethalin or metolachlor might be added initially to strengthen grass control. Or metribuzin and chlorimuron can be applied initially and followed by a postemergence application of a herbicide such as quizalofop for control of grass weeds. Observations indicate that the postemergence grass killer should not be applied too early but 49 after most of the grass for the season has emerged. Clethodim has been of special interest since it has provided some residual activity, especially with favorable soil moisture conditions. With chlorimuron, significant precaution is needed to avoid applying a relatively high rate on soils with pH above 6.8 to avoid carryover effects on crops such as corn the next season. Related studies have included treatments to reduce the chlorimuron rate. Replacing at least part of the chlorimuron with a shorter residual sulfonylurea herbicide such as thifensulfuron may be one possibility or a combination of clomazone with a reduced rate of metribuzin and chlorimuron appears promising. Another possibility for no-till soybeans is a sequential approach with a herbicide such as glyphosate or sulphosate for early burndown followed by a later postemergence treatment of fluazifop-P and fomesafen. One of the earliest programs introduced was use of 2,4-D plus sethoxydim for early "burndown" followed by bentazon and acifluorfen and then sethoxydim. All of the treatments described for this study performed relatively well except in an area of the field with excessive flooding. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) Table 1. Weed control for no-till soybeans after corn (Tomera, Knake, Paul, Heisner, and Pike). Soybean Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Gift 6/4 6/17 7/3 6/4 6/17 7/3 Treatment Rate injury control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Metribuzin & 0.28 & 0 2 0 55 100 97 chlorimuron + COC 0.047 Metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 + 0 2 0 80 100 96 pendimethalin + COC 1.0 Metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 + 0 2 0 100 100 100 metolalchlor + COC 2.5 Metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 + 0 2 0 100 100 100 clethodim + COC 0.094 Metr & clim + COC/ 0.28 & 0.047 / 0 2 0 85 98 99 quizalofop+ COC 0.044 Sulphosate/ 0.38/ 0 0 1 100 100 100 fluazifop-P & 0.25 & fomesafen + COC 0.188 2,4-D + sethoxydim + 0.5 + 0.0625 / 0 3 3 100 99 100 Dash/ bentazon & 0.75 & acifluorfen + 28% N/ 0.17/ seth + COC 0.14 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD 0 0 1 33 3 3 Table 2. Weed control for no-ti' soybeans after corn (Tomera, Knake, Paul, He isner, and Pikel. Rrpw Rrpw Vele Vele Vele Yens Soybean 6/17 7/3 6/4 6/17 7/3 6/4 yield Treatment Rate -- control — (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A) Metribuzin & 0.28 & 100 100 91 90 62 100 35.9 chlorimuron + COC 0.047 Metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 + 100 100 93 90 74 100 34.0 pendimethalin + COC 1.0 Metr & clim + 0.28 & 0.047 + 100 100 94 95 61 98 40.9 metolalchlor + COC 2.5 Metr & clim -+ 0.28 & 0.047 + 99 93 89 91 75 100 34.7 clethodim + COC 0.094 Metr & clim + COC/ 0.28 & 0.047 / 100 97 89 89 70 98 43.3 quizalofop+ COC 0.044 Sulphosate/ 0.38/ 100 96 83 62 56 65 44.7 fluazifop-P & 0.25 & fomesafen + COC 0.188 2,4-D + sethoxydim + 0.5 + 0.0625 / 100 98 94 84 93 63 36.2 Dash/ bentazon & 0.75 & acifluorfen + 28% N/ 0.17/ seth + COC 0.14 Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 30.7 LSD 1 6 15 27 49 25 6.2 COC- crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1 qt/A. 28% N is urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution used at 1.0 gal/A. X-77 nonionic surfactant from Valent used at 0.25% v/v. Dash @ 1 qt/A: an adjuvant from BASF. The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 51 Evaluation of adjuvants for nicosulfuron. Mulrooney, Steven B., Ellery L.Knake, Kevin L. Hahn, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to compare X-77 (a nonionic surfactant) crop oil concentrate, spray grade ammonium sulfate, and Scoil (a use as adjuvants with nicosulfuron. SHOOS Soil type: Flanagan silt ft seed methylated Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: oil) for DeKalb 5 X 50 fair 5% 5.9 Slope: Exp. design: Fertility Tillage: A bicycle Replications: 120 lb/A K20 October 29, 1990; Disked and harrowed April 26, mounted OSU compressed air sprayer was fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray apart and 20 inches above the giant foxtail. loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 180 lb/A NH3NO3 1991 used traveling Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: 3 mph with was five feet with nozzles 30 psi spaced Corn Pioneer 3475 28,300/A May 2, 1991 30 inch and 8004 flat 20 inches Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inches: Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Sky (% overcast): Relative humidity(%): Rainfall (inch) previous week: following week: May 30, 1991 7:30 am Postemergence 71 70 moist 5 W 30 88 3.93 1.23 Species present: Corn leaf no. 6 height (inch) 12 Giant foxtail leaf no. 5 height (inch) 3 to 5 Redroot pigweed leaf no. 9 height (inch) 3 to 4 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 19 height (inch) 2.5 Velvetleaf leaf no. 4 height (inch) 2.5 Pennsylvania smartweed leaf no. 8 height (inch) 3 Eastern black nightshade leaf no. 6 height (inch) 2 Yellow nutsedge leaf no. 6 height (inch) 4 to 5 In general, ammonium sulfate and 28% urea ammonium nitrate solution each enhanced herbicide performance to about the same degree and appeared to be comparable. The methylated seed oil (Scoil) appeared to be most effective, with crop cil concentrate (an 83% parafin base petroleum oil) intermediate, and X-77 (a nonionic surfactant from Valent) slightly less effective for control of giant foxtail. For primisulfuron, the methylated seed oil appeared to be more effective than crop oil concentrate plus 28% UAN. For imazethapyr, X-77 plus 28% UAN and methylated seed oil were about equally effective for weed control but the methylated seed oil with imazethapyr appeared to have a little less effect on corn. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 52 Table. Evaluation of adjuvants for nicosulfuron (Mulrooney, Knake, Hahn, Heisner, and Paul) Corn Corn Corn Gift Gift Colq Colq Vele Vele Corn 6/10 6/19 6/19 6/10 6/19 6/10 6/19 6/10 6/19 yield Treatment Rate -injury- Height - conl trol - (lb/A) (%) (%) (inch] (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A) Nicosulfuron + X- 0.016 0 0 37 80 70 50 50 50 50 145.7 Nico + X-77 + AMS 0.016 1 1 35 85 75 70 60 70 63 156.1 Nico + X-77 + 28% N 0.016 1 1 37 85 75 70 60 70 60 170.9 Nico + Scoil 0.016 2 2 35 95 90 70 60 70 60 147.0 Nico + Scoil + AMS 0.016 2 2 35 99 98 80 70 80 70 152.1 Nico + Scoil + 28% N 0.016 3 3 34 100 99 80 70 80 70 166.9 Nico + COC 0.016 0 0 34 90 90 50 50 50 50 155.7 Nico + COC + AMS 0.016 1 1 35 95 95 70 60 70 63 156.3 Nico + COC + 28% N 0.016 1 1 37 95 95 70 60 70 60 147.7 Nico + X-77 0.031 0 0 36 90 90 70 70 70 70 151.1 Nico + X-77 + AMS 0.031 2 2 35 95 95 80 80 80 80 165.5 Nico + X-77 + 28% N 0.031 2 2 38 95 95 80 70 80 77 163.5 Nico + Scoil 0.031 2 2 38 98 98 70 70 70 60 163.0 Nico + Scoil + AMS 0.031 5 5 34 100 100 80 80 80 70 165.9 Nico + Scoil + 28% N 0.031 5 5 35 100 100 80 80 80 73 166.7 Nico + COC 0.031 0 0 37 95 95 70 60 70 60 128.1 Nico + COC + AMS 0.031 2 2 36 98 98 75 70 75 70 161.1 Nico + COC + 28% N 0.031 2 2 34 98 98 75 70 75 70 169.8 Prim + COC + 28% N 0.036 2 2 35 80 70 80 73 95 95 141.5 Prim + Scoil 0.036 5 5 35 90 70 90 77 95 95 143.2 Imep + X-77 + 28% N 0.063 50 50 20 95 95 85 82 95 95 73.2 Imep + Scoil 0.063 43 43 24 98 98 80 80 95 92 90.8 Check 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 113.0 LSD(0.05) 2 2 4 1 0 3 4 0 4 26.3 COC- crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1 qt/A. 28% N is urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution used at 1.0 gal/A. X-77 nonionic surfactant from Valent used at 0.25% v/v. AMS is ammonium sulfate used at 2 lb/A. Scoil is methylated seed oil used at 1 qt/A. 53 Evaluation of nicosulfuron in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn. Mulrooney, Steven B., Ellery L.Knake, Kevin L. Hahn, Ronald Paul. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for on crop tolerance with nicosulfuron in combination with various control in corn. W. Heisner, and Lyle E. antagonism and the effect herbicides for broadleaf weed Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: silt DeKalb S1100N 10 X 50 ft fair 5% 5.9 Replications: Fertility: 120 lb/A K20 October 29, 1990; Tillage: Disked and harrowed April 26, A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with and 20 inches above the giant foxtail (free standing). Flanagan loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 180 lb/A NH3NO3. 1991. Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Corn Pioneer 3475 28,300/A May 2, 1991 30 inch Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inch: Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Sky (% overcast): Relative humidity(%): Rainfall (inch) previous week: following week: June 4, 1991 7:30 am Postemergence 62 69 moist 16 E 5 51 1 0 24 05 Species present: Corn leaf no. height (inch) Giant foxtail leaf no. height (inch) Redroot pigweed leaf no. height (inch) Common lambsquarters leaf no. 14 height (inch) 5 8 16 5 13 9 5 extnded mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzles spaced 20 inches apart Velvetleaf leaf no. 5 height (inch) 5 Common ragweed leaf no. 10 height (inch) 6 Yellow nutsedge leaf no. 9 height (inch) 12 There was little evidence bromoxynil, thifensulfuron or V with cyanazine or bentazon had conclusive evidence of antagoni nicosulfuron. Most combination foxtail with DPX-79406 was good broadleaf weeds. A combination control and good corn tolerance of corn injury when 2,4-D, dicamba, atrazine, pyridate, -23031 were combined with nicosulfuron. However, combinations significant effect on corn. There appeared to be little sm and decreased control due to mixing other herbicides with s improved spectrum of weed control. Although control of giant , it appeared to be less effective than nicosulfuron on some of nicosulfuron and thifensulfuron showed promise for good weed . (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 54 Table 1. Evaluation of nicosulfuron in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn (Mulrooney, Knake, Hahn, Heisner, and Paul). Corn Corn Corn Corn Corn Gift Gift Gift 6/17 6/24 7/10 6/21 7/10 6/17 6/24 7/10 Treatment Rate injury ———«"■ height height contro ___ (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (inch)i [inch) (%) (%) (%) Check 0 0 0 24 53 0 0 0 Nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 0 0 3 23 72 80 95 73 2,4-D amine + 0.5 + 0 0 0 26 73 80 93 80 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 2,4-D LV ester + 0.25 + 2 0 0 23 76 83 95 78 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Dicamba + 0.25 + 2 2 0 23 70 87 93 78 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Dica & atrazine + 0.47 & 0.92 + 3 2 2 24 72 87 95 77 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + 0.45 + 0 0 0 27 82 87 95 80 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + 0.90 + 0 0 0 24 81 87 95 85 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + atra + 0.45 + 0.6 + 0 0 0 24 74 85 95 85 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + atra + 0.90 + 1.2 + 0 0 0 26 78 90 95 83 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pydt + cyanazine + 0.45 + 0.6 + 40 35 15 19 68 92 92 60 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pydt + cyanazine + 0.90 + 1.2 + 60 53 27 16 67 93 93 60 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Atrazine + 2.0 + 3 2 0 24 74 83 90 68 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Cyanazine + 2.0 + 37 30 7 22 75 85 85 60 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bentazon + 1.0 + 37 32 23 20 74 90 95 82 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bent & atra + 0.75 + 0.75 + 30 30 17 19 75 90 92 83 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bromoxynil + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 2 2 5 29 77 90 90 85 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% DPX-M6316 + 0.004 + 0 0 0 26 78 98 98 93 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% V23031 + 0.0625 + 3 0 0 26 76 95 95 88 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% DPX-79406 + X-77 0.031 + 0.25% 5 2 0 25 75 93 93 90 DPX-79406 + COC 0.031 + 1 qt 3 3 7 24 74 95 95 90 LSD (0.05) 9 9 6 6 13 5 3 10 X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. DPX-79406 is a combination of nicosulfuron and DPX-E9636, 1:1 ratio. COC is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1 inert. / The 2,4-D amine was a dimethylamine salt formulation. The 2,4-D LV Ester was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 55 Table 2. Evaluation of nicosulfuron in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn (Mulrooney, Knake, Hahn, Heisner, and Paul). Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq Colq Vele Vele Vele 6/17 6/24 7/10 6/17 6/24 7/10 6/17 6/24 7/10 Treatment Rate control 1 (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 100 100 100 50 33 20 73 77 67 2,4-D amine + 0.5 + 98 97 97 92 92 92 90 90 90 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 2,4-D LV ester + 0.25 + 100 100 100 98 98 98 80 82 80 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Dicamba + 0.25 + 98 98 98 98 98 95 87 87 83 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Dica & atrazine + 0.47 & 0.92 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 96 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + 0.45 + 100 100 100 80 80 60 80 80 63 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + 0.90 + 100 100 100 87 87 70 90 90 87 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + atra + 0.45 + 0.6 + 100 100 100 100 100 87 95 95 87 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + atra + 0.90 + 1.2 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 95 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pydt + cyanazine + 0.45 + 0.6 + 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 98 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pydt + cyanazine + 0.90 + 1.2 + 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 97 92 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Atrazine + 2.0 + 97 97 97 100 100 100 100 100 95 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Cyanazine + 2.0 + 90 90 90 100 97 93 100 100 95 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bentazon + 1.0 + 90 90 90 80 77 60 100 97 92 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bent & atra + 0.75 + 0.75 + 97 97 97 100 93 85 100 90 90 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bromoxynil + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 95 95 95 100 100 100 100 98 97 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% DPX-M6316 + 0.004 + 95 95 95 92 88 78 90 88 90 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% V23031 + 0.0625 + 98 98 98 87 83 62 95 95 92 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% DPX-79406 + X-77 0.031 + 0.25% 100 100 100 17 17 10 33 33 33 DPX-79406 + COC 0.031 + 1 qt 100 100 93 10 10 10 27 27 27 LSD (0.05) 3 3 5 14 7 10 6 7 8 X-77 is a nonionic surfactuant from Valent. DPX-79406 is a combination of nicosulfuron and DPX-E9636, 1:1 ratio. COC is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. The 2,4-D amine was a dimethyl amine salt formulation. The 2,4-D LV Ester was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 56 Table 3. Evaluation of nicosulfuron in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn (Mulrooney, Knake, Hahn, Heisner, and Paul). Corw Corw Corw Yens Yens Yens Corn yield 6/17 6/24 7/10 6/17 6/24 7/10 Treatment Rate — con trol - (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A) Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 50.1 Nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 50 13 23 70 90 63 121.6 2,4-D amine + 0.5 + 97 98 97 70 82 62 137.7 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% 2,4-D LV ester + 0.25 + 77 77 77 70 85 63 146.3 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Dicamba + 0.25 + 100 100 100 70 78 60 138.8 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Dica & atrazine + 0.47 & 0.92 + 100 100 100 80 77 67 140.1 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + 0.45 + 0 0 0 80 87 70 166.3 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + 0.90 + 0 0 0 85 83 82 156.6 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + atra + 0.45 + 0.6 + 100 100 100 85 80 60 152.3 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pyridate + atra + 0.90 + 1.2 + 100 100 100 85 77 60 163.0 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pydt + cyanazine + 0.45 + 0.6 + 100 100 100 85 70 58 107.6 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Pydt + cyanazine + 0.90 + 1.2 + 100 100 100 85 70 63 110.3 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Atrazine + 2.0 + 100 100 100 80 73 63 145.6 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Cyanazine + 2.0 + 100 100 100 70 70 57 126.8 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bentazon + 1.0 + 100 100 100 85 85 60 101.4 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bent & atra + 0.75 + 0.75 + 100 100 100 82 80 60 120.4 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% Bromoxynil + atra + 0.25 + 0.5 + 100 100 100 70 70 53 147.3 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% DPX-M6316 + 0.004 + 100 100 100 70 80 67 160.4 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% V23031 + 0.0625 + 100 100 100 80 80 77 165.3 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.047 + 0.25% DPX-79406 + X-77 0.031 + 0.25% 100 97 100 57 65 53 139.3 DPX-79406 + COC 0.031 + 1 qt 100 100 100 57 60 57 145.3 LSD(0.05) 15 16 17 6 9 9 36.0 X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. DPX-79406 is a combination of nicosulfuron and DPX-E9636, 1:1 ratio. COC is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil with 16% surfactant and 1% inert. The 2,4-D amine was a dimethyl amine salt formulation. The 2,4-D LV Ester was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 57 Effect of time of day for application of sethoxvdim. Knake, Ellery L., Joe D. Walsh, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to compare applications of sethoxydim made at 6 am, noon, 6 pm, and midnight. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb S1400NC 5 X 45 ft fair 5 to 6% 6.3 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Replications: Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block 3 Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Soybeans Williams 82 54.5 lb/A April 26, 1991 30 inch May 23, 1991 6:00 am Postemergence Fertility: Tillage: A bicycle mounted fan nozzle tips to apart and 20 inche Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: soil under sod 4 inch: Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Sky (% overcast): Relative humidity(%): 93 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 0.82 following week: 4.42 Species present: Soybeans leaf no. 1st trif height (inch) 4 Giant foxtail leaf no. 3 height (inch) 3 120 lb/A K20 October 29, 1990. Disked and harrowed April 25, 1991. OSU comressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat give 25 gpa. Width of spray was five feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches s above the giant foxtail. May 23 May 23 6:00 pm midnight Postemergence Postemergence May 23 noon Postemergence 69 62 moist 9 SSW 100 75 63 moist 12 S 80 85 74 69 moist 17 SSW 60 46 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Velvetleaf leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 72 68 moist 6 S dark 93 Pennsylvania smartweed leaf no. 3 height (inch) 3 Bentazon at 1 lb/A plus 1 qt/A crop oil concentrate was applied to the entire plot area at 9:00 am May 24, for control of broadleaf weeds using a tractor mounted compressed air sprayer traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Spray width was 10 feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the weeds. Excellent control of all broadleaf weeds was achieved. If photodegradation is important for sethoxydim, then theoretically applications near dusk or after dark may allow more opportunity for uptake by plants and perhaps improved control and the opportunity to use lower rates. A study the previous year tended to support this theory and the study was repeated in 1991. However, the very favorable conditions in 1991 with relatively high temperatures, high humidity, good moisture conditions and very active plant growth appeared to preclude much difference for rate or time of day for application. Sethoxydim gave excellent control of giant foxtail regardless of rate or time of day. Any differences were very minor and difficult to elucidate. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 58 Table. Effect of time of day for application of sethoxydim and Paul) . (Knake, Walsh, Heisner, Treatment Time Rate (lb/A) Gift 6/7 Soybean yield (% control) (bu/A) Sethoxydim + COC 6 am 0.094 + 1 qt/A 96 54.3 Seth + COC 6 am 0.188 + 1 qt/A 99 45.6 Seth + COC noon 0.094 + 1 qt/A 97 48.9 Seth + COC noon 0.188 + 1 qt/A 99 48.8 Seth + COC 6 pm 0.094 + 1 qt/A 98 54.1 Seth + COC 6 pm 0.188 + 1 qt/A 99 50.2 Seth + COC midnight 0.094 + 1 qt/A 99 47.6 Seth + COC midnight 0.188 + 1 qt/A 99 48.2 Check 0 27.1 LSD(0.05) 0.7 7.9 COC - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert 59 Evaluation of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans with chlorimuron. thifensulfuron. and imazethapyr. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, Kevin L. Hahn, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of tolerance of Williams 82 STS soybeans with that of regular Williams 82 soybeans using various rates and combinations of chlorimuron and thifensulfuron. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: DeKalb S1400NE 10 X 45 ft fair 5 to 6% 6.3 Soil type: Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Randomized complete block Replications: 3 Slope: Exp. design: Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Soybean Williams 82 & Williams 82 STS 54.5 lb/A Planting date:April 26, 1991 Row spacing: 30 inch Fertility: 120 lb/A Tillage: Disked and A tractor mounted compressed nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. K20 above the soybeans, May 23, 1991 8:00am Postemergence October 29, 1990. harrowed April 25, 1991. air sprayer was used traveling 3 Width of spray was ten feet with and 20 inches Date: Time: Treatment: Temperature (F) air: 70 soil under sod 4 inch: 64 Soil moisture: moist Wind (mph): 11 S Sky (% overcast): 90 Relative humidity(%): 93 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 1.84 following week: 3.93 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzles spaced 20 inches apart Species present Soybean leaf no. height (inch) Giant foxtail leaf no. height (inch) Yellow nutsedge leaf no. height (inch) Velvetleaf leaf no. height (inch) 1st 6 2 4 4 4 2 4 trif Redroot pigweed leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1 Jimsonweed leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 17 height (inch) 3 Eastern black ni ghtshade leaf no. 2 height (inch) 1.5 The entire plot was treated with quizalofop (0.044 lb/A a.i.) plus crop oil concentrate (1 qt/A) on May 24 using the same sprayer and setting as indicated for May 23. Although some rates of chlorimuron and thifensulfuron were considered relatively high, effect on soybeans was quite limited. Very little discoloration of soybeans was noted but slight differences in height and in canopy width were noted, with the sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans expressing more tolerance. Unexpectedly, imazethapyr appeared to have greater effect on the sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans than on the others. This suggests some caution in selecting herbicides for use on sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans. Although the main objective was to compare soybean tolerance, observations on weed control indicated that the quizalofop applied to all plots gave excellent control of giant foxtail but was slightly less effective on yellow foxtail than on giant foxtail. Chlorimuron and imazethapyr were more effective on yellow nutsedge than thifensulfuron. All three herbicides gave excellent control of redroot pigweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. Thifensulfuron and imazethapyr were much more effective on common lambsquarters than chlorimuron. Only imazethapyr controlled eastern black nightshade. Although control of velvetleaf was generally not complete with any of the treatments, control did not fall below 90% for the June ratings. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 60 Table 1 Evaluation of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans with chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, and imazethapyr (Knake, Heisner, Hahn, and Paul). Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean non-STS STS non-STS STS non-STS STS non-STS STS 5/31 5/31 6/6 6/6 6/18 6/18 6/6 6/6 Treatment Rate injury injury injury injury injury injury height height (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (inch) (inch) Thifensulfuron 0.004 4 0 3 0 1 0 10 10 Thif 0.008 5 0 5 0 2 0 10 10 Thif + chlorimuron 0.004 + 0 004 4 0 4 0 2 0 10 10 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 0052 3 0 2 0 3 0 10 9 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 008 5 0 5 0 5 0 9 9 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 010 7 0 6 0 6 0 9 10 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 012 7 0 8 0 7 0 9 9 Thif + clim 0.008 + 0 008 7 0 12 0 7 0 9 9 Clim 0.008 3 0 0 0 2 0 10 10 Clim 0.012 3 0 0 0 5 0 10 10 Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 2 2 0 3 0 8 10 8 Dash + 28% N 1% + 1% Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 9 LSD(0.05) 3 1 4 1 0 0 1 1 Table 2. Evaluation of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans with chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, and imazethapyr (Knake, Heisner, Hahn, and Paul). Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean non-STS STS non-STS STS non-STS STS 6/7 6/7 6/18 6/18 6/18 6/18 Treatment Rate width width height height width width (lb/A) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) Thifensulfuron 0.004 9 11 17 16 18 20 Thif 0.008 9 10 17 17 19 20 Thif + chlorimuron 0.004 + 0 .004 8 11 17 16 18 19 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 .0052 9 10 17 17 19 20 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 008 8 9 16 16 16 18 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 .010 8 10 17 16 18 20 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0 .012 9 10 17 17 18 20 Thif + clim - 0.008 + 0 008 8 10 17 17 18 20 Clim 0.008 9 9 17 17 18 19 Clim 0.012 10 10 18 17 19 21 Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 9 8 17 16 19 18 Dash + 28% N 1% + 1% Check 11 10 17 16 19 18 LSD(0.05) 1 1 C0C- crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1% on all treatments except the imazethapyr treatment and the untreated check. 28% N is urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution. Dash is an adjuvant from BASF. Entire area was treated with quizalofop @ 0.044 a.i. lb/A and 1 qt/A of C0C Vi hour after primary treatments were applied. Width refers to width of canopy of soybean rows. 61 Table 3. Evaluation of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans with chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, and imazethapyr (Knake, Heisner, Hahn, and Paul). Gift Gift Gift Yeft Rrpw Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq Cola 5/31 6/7 6/18 5/31 5/31 6/7 6/18 5/31 6/7 6/18 Treatment Rate control - (lb/A) (ft) (ft) (X) (ft) (%) (ft) (X) (X) (%) (%) Thifensulfuron 0.004 82 100 100 82 100 100 100 100 100 98 Thif 0.008 90 100 100 90 100 100 100 97 100 100 Thif + chlorimuron 0.004 + 0.004 90 100 100 90 100 100 100 90 100 99 Thif + dim 0.004 + 0.0052 87 100 100 87 100 100 100 97 100 99 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0.008 80 100 100 80 100 100 100 97 100 98 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0.010 87 100 100 87 100 100 100 93 100 99 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0.012 93 100 100 93 100 100 100 92 100 100 Thif + clim 0.008 + 0.008 88 100 100 90 97 100 100 93 100 100 Clim 0.008 87 100 100 87 97 100 100 83 0 10 Clim 0.012 90 100 100 90 97 100 100 87 10 20 Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 98 100 100 98 97 100 100 93 100 98 Dash + 28% N 1% + 1% Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 7 0 0 7 5 0 0 11 0 2 Vele Vele Vele Pesw Pesw Pesw Ebns Ebns Ebns 5/31 6/7 6/18 5/31 6/7 6/18 5/31 6/7 6/18 Treatment Rate — contro 1 — (lb/A) (ft) (ft) (%) (ft) (%) w (X) (%) (X) Thifensulfuron 0.004 73 92 92 85 100 99 0 0 0 Thif 0.008 72 94 92 93 100 100 0 0 0 Thif + chlorimuron 0.004 + 0.004 78 94 94 100 100 100 0 0 0 Thif + cl im 0.004 + 0.0052 82 95 95 98 100 100 0 0 0 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0.008 85 97 97 93 100 100 0 0 0 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0.010 82 99 99 90 100 100 0 0 0 Thif + clim 0.004 + 0.012 83 98 98 92 100 100 0 0 0 Thif + clim 0.008 + 0.008 90 99 99 93 100 100 0 0 0 Clim 0.008 87 94 94 90 100 70 0 0 0 Clim 0.012 83 96 96 97 100 92 0 0 0 Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 85 90 92 100 100 99 100 100 99 Dash + 28% N 1% + 1% Check 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LSD(0.05) 9 1 2 9 0 2 0 0 1 COC- crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1% on all treatments except the imazethapyr treatment and the untreated check. 28% N is urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution. Dash is an adjuvant from BASF. 62 Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till. Knake, Ellery L., Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. The purpose of this study was to compare preplant incorporated, surface applied preemergence, and postemergence herbicide treatments for no-till and lo-till crop production. Exp. design: Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter Soil pH: Soil type: Slope: DeKalb SHOOS 10 X 120 ft fair 5 to 6% 6.0 Drummer silty clay loam 0 to 1% Seeding rate: Replications: Crop: Variety: Planting date: Row spacing: Insecticide: 54.5 lb/A 28,300 15 lb/A April 25, 1991 30 inch Lorsban on alfalfa 2 pt/A June 18, 1991 Randomized complete block 3 Soybean Corn Alfalfa Hack Pioneer 3475 Magnum Fertility: 1601b/A NH4N03 on May 8, 1991 for corn following alfalfa; 2001b/A NH4N03 on May 8, 1991 for corn following soybeans. Tillage: For lo-till corn and soybeans a tandem disk with harrow was used twice for herbicide incorporation. This same tillage was also used to prepare a seedbed for alfalfa. A tractor mounted compressed air sprayer was used traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface. Date: April 25, 1991 May 21, 1991 May 30, 1991 Time: 7:00am to noon 4:30pm 10:00am Treatment: PPI, PRE, & KN0 Postemergence Late postemergence Temperature (F) 82 75 air: soil under sod 4 inch: Soil moisture: Wind (mph): Sky (% overcast): Relative humidity(%): Rainfall (inch) previous week: following week: 54 49 moist 7 SE 90 60 0.15 0.59 Giant foxtail leaf no. 1 height (inch) 0.25 Common ragweed leaf no. 2 height (inch) 0.75 Common lambsquarters leaf no. 4 height (inch) 1.0 Pennsylvania smartweed leaf no. 1 height (inch) 1.0 Alfalfa (established) leaf no. height (inch) 7 Hairy vetch (established) leaf no. height (inch) 10 Soybean leaf no. height (inch) Eastern black nightshade leaf no. height (inch) 63 moist 12 S 90 46 1.71 4.08 3 3.5 4 3.0 24 4 10 4 new seeding 3 trifoliolate 1.5 Corn 4 6 70 moist 4 W 10 75 3.93 1.23 to 5 2nd 4 4 1 trifoliolate 63 In this study, corn was planted lo-till after soybeans and no-till after alfalfa or hairy vetch. Soybeans were planted both lo-till and no-till after corn. Tillage was used to prepare a seedbed for alfalfa. For no-till corn, dicamba with 2,4-D gave good control of alfalfa. Good control of annual weeds was achieved with a preemergence application of cyanazine and atrazine or with a postemergence application of nicosulfuron plus bromoxynil. Dicamba plus atrazine gave excellent control of hairy vetch as well as providing extended control of broadleaf weeds. A postemergence application of nicosulfuron gave good control of grass weeds, including giant foxtail and some quackgrass. For lo-till corn using two diskings, incorporation of EPTC plus dichlormid and dietholate followed by dicamba and atrazine provided good weed control. Good control was also achieved with metolachlor and atrazine or cyanazine and atrazine followed by nicosulfuron. For no-till soybeans, pendimethalin plus metribuzin and chlorimuron, glyphosate followed by fluazifop-P and fomesafen, and 2,4-D plus sethoxydim followed by bentazon and acifluorfen and then sethoxydim all performed relatively well. For lo-till soybeans, incorporation of trifluralin followed by imazethapyr, pendimethalin and imazethapyr surface applied, and metribuzin and chlorimuron followed by quizalofop all performed quite well. For establishing alfalfa, trifluralin followed by 2,4-DB dimethylamine, sethoxydim plus 2,4-DB, or imazethapyr all aided in establishing on excellent stand of alfalfa. However, imazethapyr had a definite advantage for controlling eastern black nightshade. Imazethapyr also had some advantage over 2,4-DB for control of Pennsylvania smartweed. In summary, some excellent herbicides are available to provide considerable flexibility for tillage systems and time and method of application. Results suggest that greater acceptance of herbicides for weed control in small seeded legumes could be quite beneficial. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 64 Table 1. Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Corn Corn Gift Gift Vele Vele Colq Colq 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 Treatment Rate — injury — control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Corn no-till after alfalfa/vetch: Dicamba + 2,4-D Ive + 0.25 + 0.5 + 0 0 100 96 100 97 100 100 cyanazine & 3.75 & atrazine 1.25 Dica + 2,4-D Ive/ 0.25 + 0.5/ 3 7 100 90 92 83 100 98 nicosulfuron + 0.031 + bromoxynil + X-77 0.25 + 1/4% Dica & atra/ 0.47 & 0.92/ 0 0 92 82 96 88 100 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 + 1/4% Corn lo-till after soybeans: EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0/ 0 0 94 90 100 100 100 100 dietholate/ dica & atra 0.47 & 0.92 Metolalchlor & atra/ 2.0+1.6/ 0 0 100 99 88 88 100 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 + 1/4% Cyan & atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ 0 0 100 99 95 93 100 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 + 1/4% LSD(0.05) 4 4 8 11 10 11 0 2 Table 2. Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Ebns Ebns Pesw Pesw Rrpw Rrpw Legume Legume Corn 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 6/12 yield Treatment Rate (TbTA) Corn no-till after alfalfa/vetch: Dicamba + 2,4-D Ive + 0.25 + 0.5 + cyanazine & 3.75 & atrazine 1.25 Dica + 2,4-D Ive/ 0.25 + 0.5/ nicosulfuron + 0.031 + bromoxynil + X-77 0.25 + 1/4% Dica & atra/ 0.47 & 0.92/ nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 + 1/4% Corn lo-till after soybeans: EPTC & dichlormid & 4.0/ 100 100 100 100 100 100 186.1 dietholate/ dica & atra 0.47 & 0.92 Metolalchlor & atra/ 2.0 + 1.6/ 100 83 100 100 100 100 185.3 (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/A) 100 100 100 100 100 95 1001 981 165.4 50 48 100 100 100 98 1001 1001 135.9 100 100 100 100 95 87 1002 1002 167.1 100 83 100 100 100 100 100 83 100 100 100 100 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 + 1/4% Cyan & atra/ 3.75 & 1.25/ 100 83 100 100 100 100 187.4 nicosulfuron + X-77 0.031 + 1/4% LSD(0.05) 37 44 0 0 6 5 25.5 'Alfalfa cover crop. 2Hairy vetch cover crop. The 2,4-D Ive used was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 65 Table 3. Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till and Paul). (Knake, Heisner, Treatment Rate Soybean Soybean Gift Gift Vele Vele Colq Colq 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 — injury — control (lb/A) (%) Soybeans no-till after Metribuzin & 0.28 & 6 chlorimuron + 0.047 + pendimethalin + COC 1.0 + 1% Glyphosate/ 0.38/ 8 fluazifop-P & 0.188 & fomesafen + COC 0.25 + 1% 2,4-D + sethoxydim + 0.5 + 0.063 + 8 COC/ bentazon & 1%/ 0.75 & acifluorfen + 28% N/ 0.17 + 4%/ seth + COC 0.14 + 1% Soybeans lo-till after corn: Trifluralin/ 1.0/ 0 imazethapyr + 0.063 + Sunit + 28% N 1% + 1% Pend & imep 0.875 & 0.063 0 Metr & dim/ 0.35 & 0.035/ 6 quizalofop + COC 0.044 + 1% (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 5 90 68 100 100 100 100 6 100 83 98 85 100 85 8 99 90 100 94 100 99 0 100 98 100 95 100 100 0 86 77 98 83 100 99 4 98 87 89 67 100 100 LSD(0.05) 12 10 Table 4. Time and method of herbici de appl ication for no -till and lo -till (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Ebns Ebns Pesw Pesw Rrpw Rrpw Soybean 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 yield Treatment Rate — control (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu/a) Soybeans no-till after Metribuzin & 0.28 & 83 83 100 100 100 100 23.0 chlorimuron + 0.047 + pendimethalin + COC 1.0 + 1% Glyphosate/ - 0.38/ 100 67 99 82 100 90 20.1 fluazifop-P & 0.188 & fomesafen + COC 0.25 + 1% 2,4-D + sethoxydim + 0.5 + 0.063 + 100 83 100 95 100 78 23.1 COC/ bentazon & 1%/ 0.75 & acifluorfen + 28% N/ 0.17 + 4%/ seth + COC 0.14 + 1% Soybeans lo-till after corn: Trifluralin/ 1.0/ 100 100 100 99 100 100 35.7 imazethapyr + 0.063 + Sunit + 28% N 1% + 1% Pend & imep 0.875 & 0.063 100 100 100 95 100 100 38.3 Metr & clim/ 0.35 & 0.035/ 63 33 100 95 100 99 40.2 quizalofop + COC 0.044 + 1% LSD(0.05) 47 39 1 10 1 10 11.0 COC is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert. 28% N is urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution. Sunit is a methylated seed oil. 66 Control of hemp dogbane with sponge applications of qlyphosate. Walsh, Joseph D., Ellery L. Knake, Ronald W. Heisner, and Lyle E. Paul. Hemp dogbane is a perennial weed problem throughout Illinois. Only translocated herbicides have any degree of effectiveness on controlling the weed. Glyphosate, applied with selective application equipment, appears to offer promise for hemp dogbane control in soybeans. The sponge applicator is equipped with sponges that become saturated and seldom drip. This allows for maximum coverage of plant foliage which is contacted by the sponge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the sponge applicator for control of hemp dogbane in soybeans with a 33% solution of glyphosate. The study was located in an area of natural infestation. One and two passes per application timing were made at three different stages of hemp dogbane development: vegetative, bud, and bloom of hemp dogbane. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: Fertility: Tillage: DeKalb SW1700 5 X 60 fair 4.5% 6.2 Replications: 180 lb/K20, November 13, 1990 No-till Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Drummer silty clay loam 0-1% Randomized complete block 4 Crop: Cultivar: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Insecticide: Soybeans Hack 55 lb/A May 30, 1991 30 inch N/A Roundup burndown treatments were applied with a tractor mounted compressed air sprayer traveling 3 mph with 30 psi and 8004 flat fan nozzle tips to give 25 gpa. Width of spray was ten feet with nozzles spaced 20 inches apart and 20 inches above the soil surface. All sponge applications were made with a Super Sponge1 mounted sponge applicator 5 feet wide. Tractor speed was 5 mph and the applicator was set approximately 6 inches above the soybeans. Date: May 23, 1991 June 12, 1991 June 25, 1991 July 19, 1991 Time: 3 : 00pm 10:00am 4:30pm 1:30pm Timing: Burndown Post 1 Post 2 Post 3 Temperature (F): Air (ambient): 80 85 87 92 Soil 4 inch: 78 81 85 85 Soil moisture: Moist Moist Dry Dry Wind (mph) : 8 S 5 SE 7 SE 2-4 SW Sky (% cloud) : 70 20 40 10 Humidity (%): 75 75 85 65 Rainfall (inch): Prev. week: 2.4 1.2 0 0 Following week: 1.6 0 0 0 Hemp dogbane Stage Vegetative Vegetative Bud Bloom Height (inch) 20 28-32 35-40 40-50 Soybeans Stage V2 V5 R3 Height (inch) 8 15 30 All glyphosate treatments, regardless of timing or number of passes provided at least 75% control of hemp dogbane. There was a trend for 2 passes to increase efficacy over 1 pass but this trend was not significant. No difference was detected with regard to timing of herbicide application at various stages of hemp dogbane development. Previous research indicates hemp dogbane is more susceptible to herbicides when the plant has reached the bloom stage. It is theorized that this facilitates translocation of the herbicide to the roots. In our research, no increase in efficacy was seen when hemp dogbane was treated in the bloom stage versus vegetative or bud. Control was equal at all three application stages. The first two applications were made when a 20 inch crop/weed height differential existed. This allowed for 14 inches of hemp dogbane foliage to be treated. When dogbane reached the bloom stage, the crop/weed height differential was only 10 inches. This left only 4 inches of hemp dogbane foliage to be treated. Therefore, the failure to detect differences between application timings may be a direct response to the amount of herbicide applied to the weed foliage at the time of application and not the stage of weed development. The sponge applicator appears to have potential as a tool for delivering selective applications of glyphosate in soybeans for the control of hemp dogbane. It may be advantageous to treat dogbane when a 20 inch difference exist between the top of the soybean canopy and the top of the weed. This might allow for maximum coverage of the herbicide on the weed foliage. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana. ) 'Smucker Manufacturing, Inc., 22919 N. Coburg Rd., Harrisburg, OR 97446. 67 Table. Control of hemp dogbane with sponge applications of glyphosate. (Walsh, Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Treatment Rate Hedb control (% v/v) (%) Glyphosate Burndown 2.0" 88 Glyphosate Post 1 33 78 1 pass Glyphosate Post 1 33 83 2 passes Glyphosate Post 2 33 85 1 pass Glyphosate Post 2 33 85 2 passes Glyphosate Post 3 33 75 1 pass Glyphosate Post 3 33 83 2 passes Untreated check 0 LSD=0.05 14 'Rate for burndown expressed in Lb ai/A 68 Weed control for set-aside soybeans. Walsh, Joseph D. , Gary E. Pepper, and Ellery L. Knake. The experimental objective was to evaluate various herbicides and herbicide combinations for low cost, effective weed control in soybeans planted on set-aside acres. Proper crop selection and weed control are important aspects in management of set-aside acres. Commonly, producers plant oats on set-aside acres in Illinois. Many of these situations result in high weed densities and significant additions to the weed seed bank of the soil. In addition, oats offer little or no soil building advantage aside from vegetative cover. Planting late maturing soybeans with a modest weed control program, may be advantageous for set-aside acres. The soybeans can provide ground cover while making a significant nitrogen contribution. This would allow producers to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used for subsequent crops as well as providing an additional use for soybeans. Location: Plot size: Drainage: Organic matter: Soil pH: Fertility: Tillage: Urbana M-3N 5 X 60 ft fair 4% 6.4 Soil type: Slope: Exp. design: Replications: Drummer silty clay loam 2.5% Randomized complete block 3 Crop: Variety: Seeding rate: Planting date: Row spacing: Insecticide: None- applied within 1 year of study establishment. Fall, moldboard plow; Spring disc, field cultivated twice. Soybeans Coker 488 Late group VIII 90 lb/A May 30, 1991 7 inch None All treatments were applied using a C02 backpack sprayer calibrated at 32 PSI with 8002 flat fan nozzles traveling at 3 mph to deliver 14 gpa. Width of spray boom was 5 feet with 3 nozzles evenly spaced at 20 inches. Date: May 31, 1991 June 19, 1991 Time: 3:00pm 5 : 00pm Treatment : Pre Post Temperature (F) air: 85 88 soil under sod 4 inch: 81 83 Soil moisture: Dry Dry Wind (mph) : 5-7 NE 7-9 NE Sky (% overcast): 10 30 Humidity ( % ) : 80 75 Rainfall (inch) previous week: 0.6 0 following week: 0.0 0 Giant foxtail leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Redroo^t pigweed leaf no. 3 height (inch) 3-4 Velvetleaf leaf no. 2 height (inch) 2 Soybean stage V2 height (inch) 5 The experiment was established May 30, 1991. Tillage immediately prior to planting reduced weed populations. Little rainfall was received after planting to promote further germination of weeds. Although the late tillage for planting assisted in the control of weeds, weed densities in the untreated plots disclosed the need for additional control. All treatments with the exception of bentazon plus acifluorfen at half the label rate of 0.37 + 0.08 lb/A provided good control of velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and redroot pigweed. The combination of 2,4-DB, sethoxydim, and crop oil concentrate resulted in 25% visible crop injury to soybeans which appeared as stunted plants. The 0.25 and 0.38 rates of glyphosate caused 37 and 47% visible crop injury respectively. Glyphosate injury was indicated by necrosis and reduced stand. Glyphosate caused significant injury in this study. Glyphosate tolerant soybeans of appropriate maturity could be advantageous for this purpose. The combination of late tillage to control early germinating weeds and the use of certain low-cost herbicide treatments, appears to have some potential for weed control in soybeans planted on set-aside acres. Although soybeans are not currently permitted for set- aside, it may be feasible to allow doing so. Very late maturing soybean varieties, that will not produce seed but fix nitrogen for an extended period, could have potential for agronomic use. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana.) 69 Table 5. Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till and Paul). (Knake, Heisner, Alfalfa Alfalfa Gift Gift Vele Vele Colq Colq 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 Treatment Rate — injury — — control - (lb/A) (%) {%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Trifluralin/ 2,4-DB 1.0/ 0.5 0 0 91 91 76 76 100 100 Sethoxydim + 0.14 + 0 0 99 98 80 80 100 100 2,4-DB + COC 0.5 + 1% Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 0 0 98 96 92 92 85 85 Sunit + 28% N 1% + 1% LSD(0.05) 32 32 Table 6. Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till (Knake, Heisner, and Paul). Ebns Ebns Pesw Pesw Rrpw Rrpw 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 6/12 7/3 Treatment Rate - contr •ol — (lb/A) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Trifluralin/ 2,4-DB 1.0/ 0.5 0 0 80 78 100 100 Sethoxydim + 0.14 + 10 10 73 73 100 100 2,4-DB + COC 0.5 + 1% Imazethapyr + 0.063 + 100 100 99 96 100 100 Sunit + 28% N 1% + 1% LSD(0.05) 30 22 COC is crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert, 28% N is^jrea ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution. X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent. Sunit is a methylated seed oil. 70 Table. Weed control for set-aside soybeans. (Walsh, Pepper, and Knake) . Treatment Rate Crop injury Vele Gift Rrpw (lb/A) (%) Cyanazine Pre 2.0 5 85 88 90 Pendimethalin + 2,4-D LVE1 Pre 1.0 + 0.5 0 92 87 95 Pendimethalin Pre/ 2,4-DB2 Post 1.0 + 0.2 18 82 88 95 2,4-DB + Sethoxydim3 + COC4 Post 0.2 + 0.125 25 87 87 92 Glyphosate Post 0.25 37 86 82 90 Glyphosate Post 0.38 47 85 80 93 Bentazon + aciflourfen + COC Post 0.75 + 0.17 13 87 73 90 Bentazon + aciflourfen + COC Post 0.37 + 0.08 0 63 50 60 Untreated 0 0 0 0 LSD=0.05 14 17 16 12 'Butoxyethyl ester 2Dimethyl amine salt formulation. 3Poast Plus formulation of sethoxydim. 4COC - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at 1 quart/A. 71 Field corn herbicide evaluation for no-till in clover sod. Tomera, Craig A., Ellery L. Knake, Gene M. Oldham. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbicide combinations for burndown of a clover cover crop, and to provide grass and broadleaf weed control in field corn. The area for this study was a Mammoth red clover crop that was established in 1990. The field corn was planted no-till. This information is useful for those using a cover crop, clover for livestock, clover for set-a-aside acres or for the long term CRP program. This study took place in 1991 and is the second year of a study conducted at the University of Illinois Agronomy and Plant Pathology Research Farm, at Urbana, II. on field 261-68. The soil is a Flanagan silt loam with a 1 to 2% slope and 4.5% organic matter. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications, with each plot being 10 by 50 ft. The field is in a state of high fertility, so no phosphate or potash was applied. Three ton of calcific limestone per acre was applied in the fall of 1990. Nitrogen as ammonium nitrate was broadcast at a rate of 180 lb/acre on April 28, 1991. Initial burndown and pre emergence herbicide applications were made on April 17, 1991, except for the last treatment listed which was applied May 8,1991. On April 30, 1991, Pioneer 3362 field corn was planted at a population of 28,000 seeds per acre, in 30 inch rows. Postemergence spraying was done on May 8, 1991. Weed control ratings were made on June 30 and on August 2, 1991. Application rates, sprayer calibrations, environmental conditions and plant growth stages were: Date April 17 May 8 May 24 Time 5:00pm 4:00pm 3:45pm Treatment KNO/PRE POST POST Sprayer C02 C02 C02 nozzle 8002 flat fan 8002 flat fan 8002 flat fan gpa 14 14 14 pressure (psi) 24 24 24 speed 3 3 3 Temperature air 60 F 80 F 87 F soil@4H 57 F 65 F 68 F Soil moisture moist moist moist Wind (mph) NE5 SW 12 SW 12 Overcast clear 10% 3% Relative humidity 70% 80% 80% Surface residue 100%o 20% 20% Cora height (inch.) 0 10 15 leaf no. 0 6 10 Weeds April 17 Mav8 Mav 24 number of leaves - Clover many many slight Common lambsquarters 4 8 8 Pennsylvania smartweed 3 7 2 Dandelion 5 0 0 Giant foxtail 0 2 6 Yellow foxtail 0 1 3 Field bindweed 0 12 14 Common milkweed 0 12 12 Velvetleaf 0 4 1 Combinations of dicamba plus 2,4-D or atrazine appeared to give the best control of the clover. Applications of cyanazine and atrazine, also provided good burn down of the clover. Weed control remained very good throughout the growing season, except for a few areas of field bindweed and a few scattered areas of eastern black nightshade. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana) 72 Table 1. Field corn herbicide evaluation for no - till corn in clover sod. (Tomera, Knake, Oldham). Treatment Rate Gift Gift Fapa Fapa Vele Vele Yield 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 - - - Control - lb/A (%) {%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu.) Glyphosate + 038 + metolachlor & 2.0 & 1.6/ atrazine/ 0.031 nicosulfuron + X-77 92 83 98 92 100 92 85 Atra + 2.0 + cyanazine + 2.0 COC + 28%N 97 90 100 92 98 92 115 Cyan & atra + 3.0 & COC 1.0 92 90 100 92 98 92 128 Dicamba & 0.48 & atra + COC 0.92 92 90 85 96 95 92 124 Dica + 2,4-D/ 025 +0.5/ bromoxynil & 0.25 & 0.5 atra + nico + 0.031 X-77 83 97 90 97 93 90 129 Dica + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 0.5/ bentazon & atra 0.75 & 0.75 + nico + X-77 + 0.031 83 63 90 95 92 83 116 Dica + 2,4-D + 025 + 03 alachlor MT + + 23 + 13 atra + COC 77 62 73 65 77 65 86 LSD (0.05) 5 31 4 5 4 5 19 COC - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at a rate of 1.0qL/a. X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from valent used at 025% v/v. 28%N is a urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer used at 1.0 gal/a. The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 73 Table 2. Field corn herbicide evaluation for no - till corn in clover sod. (Tomera, Knake, Oldham) Treatment Rate Rrpw Rrpw Colq Colq Ebns Ebns 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 Control (lbs/a) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Glyphosate + 038 + 2.0 metolochlor & + 1.6/ atrazine/ 0.031 nicosulfuron + X-77 Atra + cyanazine 2.0 + + COC + 28%N 2.0 Cyan + atra + 3.0 + COC 1.0 Dicamba & atra 0.48 & + COC 0.92 Dica + 2,4-D/ 025 + 03/ bromoxinal & atra 0.25 & 03 + nico + X-77 +0.031 Dica + 2,4-D/ 0.25 + 03/ bentazon & atra + 0.75 & 0.75 nico + X-77 +0.031 Dica + 2,4-D + 025 + 03 alachlor MT + +23 + 13 atra + COC LSD (0.05) 92 83 95 90 93 85 92 80 95 85 93 85 92 85 98 92 95 85 92 88 90 82 100 85 93 82 90 82 95 83 93 75 93 85 92 75 80 68 73 62 82 73 COC - crop oil concentrate with 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant, and 1% inert used at a rate of l.Oqt/a. X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from valent used at 025% v/v. 28%N is a urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer used at 1.0 gal/a. The 2,4-D was a butoxyethyl ester formulation. 74 Soybean herbicide evaluation for no-till soybeans after corn. Tomera, Craig A., Ellery L. Knake, Gene M. Oldham. In this study, the objective was to evaluate herbicides used alone or in combinations that might provide both burndown and residual control of weeds. Some herbicides have the potential for providing buradown of existing weeds and residual activity to provide season long control, precluding the need for a postemergence herbicide application and alleviating the need for tillage and cultivation. The 1991 study is the second year for this experiment which was conducted on the University of Illinois Agronomy and Plant Pathology Farm at Urbana, II., field 261-68. The soil is a Catlin Silt Loam with a 1 to 2% slope and 3.5% organic matter. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replications and plots each 10 by 50 ft. No fertilizer was applied due to the high state of fertility, other than three ton per acre calcific limestone in the fall of 1990. This area was in corn in 1990. Plots were lightly disced in the fall of 1990. No spring tillage was done. Initial burndown and preemergence herbicide applications were made on May 8, 1991. On May 10, 1991, soybean cultivar Williams 82 was planted in 30 inch rows at a rate of 9 seeds per foot of row. No post plant cultivation was done, and on June 8, 1991 the postemergence herbicides were applied. Weed control ratings were made on June 30 and August 2, 1991. Application dates, sprayer calibrations, environmental conditions and plant growth stages were as follows: Date Treatment Time Sprayer nozzle gpa pressure (psi) speed (mph) Temperature air soil@4H Soil moisture Wind (mph) % Overcast Relative humidity Surface residue Soybean height (inch.) leaf no. (trifoliates) Weeds Velvetleaf Pennsylvania smartweed Prickly lettuce Canada thistle Dandelion Prostrate knotweed Common lambsquarters Common milkweed Giant foxtail Yellow foxtail Fall panicum Prickly sida Prostrate pigweed Field bindweed May 8 June 8 KNO/PRE POST 2:00pm 9:00am C02 C02 8002 flat fan 8002 flat fan 14 14 24 24 3 3 80 F 72 F 65 F 70 F moist moist NE5 calm 10% clear 80% 73% 95% 80% 0 8 0 4 Mav8 June 8 number of leaves - 3 6 4 15 7 12 6 0 6 8 10 10 4 22 6 10 1 4 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 10 0 15 Most preplant and burndown herbicide combinations controlled weeds throughout the growing season quite well. Postemergence herbicides for controlof grass weeds performed well. The postemergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds generally performed well but there were a few escapes due to the height of the weeds. This was especially true of velvetleaf, lambsquarters and pigweed. Late season hot, dry weather did not allow for full soybean canopy closure. This allowed for the developement of certain annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, especially that of prickly sida, prostrate knotweed and eastern black nightshade. (Dept. of Agronomy , University of Illinois, Urbana) 75 Table 1. Soybean herbicide evaluation for no - till soybeans after corn. (Tomera, Knake, Oldham). Treatment Rate Bygr Bygr Gift Gift Colq Colq 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 (lbs/a) Control (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Metribuzin & 028 & chlorimuron 0.047 + COC Metr & clim + 028 & clethodim + 0.047 + COC 0.094 Pendimethalin 0.875 & & imazethapyr 0.063 + Dash Metr & clim + 028 & COC/ 0.047/ quizalofop + 0.044 X-77 Sulphosate + 038/ COC/ 0.188 & fluazifop & 025 fomesafen + COC 2,4-D + 03 + Sethoxydim + 0.063/ COC/seth + 0.125/ COC/bentazon 0.75 & & acifluorfen 0.17 + 28%N CHECK LSD (0.05) 98 88 92 78 100 95 100 97 95 80 100 88 97 97 98 87 98 87 85 77 85 75 87 83 95 85 95 90 95 90 95 82 90 83 98 98 74 68 78 65 73 73 22 34 13 19 24 24 COC- crop oil concentrate was 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant and 1% inert used at a rate of l.Oqt/a. Dash is an adjuvant from BASF used at l.Oqt/a. X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent used at 025% v/v. The 2,4-D was butoxyethyi ester formulation. 76 Table 2. Soybean hebicide evaluation for no -till < soybeans after corn, i Tomera, Knake, Oldham). Treatment Rate Vele 6/30 Vele 8/2 Ebns 6/30 Ebns 8/2 Prsi 6/30 Prsi 8/2 Yield (lbs/a) Control (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (bu.) Metribuzin & 028 & chlorimuron 0.047 + + COC Metr & clim 028 & + clethodim 0.047 + COC + 0.094 Pendimethalin 0.875 & & imazethapyr 0.063 + Dash Metr & clim + 028 & COC/ 0.047/ quizalofop + 0.044 X-77 Sulphosate + 0381/ COC/ 0.188 fluazifop & &025 fomesafen + COC 2,4-D + 0.5 + sethoxydim + 0.063/ COC/seth + 0.125/ COC/bentazon 0.75 + & acifluorfen 0.17 + 28%N CHECK LSD (0.05) 97 95 93 83 95 87 32 100 92 98 88 100 97 35 100 93 93 88 100 92 25 90 85 88 73 93 78 40 97 90 93 77 90 70 25 98 75 88 77 95 70 30 85 75 88 77 95 70 15 16 21 17 15 15 31 8 COC- crop oil concentrate was 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant and 1% inert used at a rate of l.Oqt/a. Dash is an adjuvant from BASF used at l.Oqt/a. The 2,4-D was butoxyethyl ester formulation. X-77 is a nonionic surfactant from Valent used at 025% v/v. 77 Evaluation of herbicides for clover establishment. Tomera, Craig A., Ellery L. Knake, Gene M. Oldham. In this study, the objective was to evaluate herbicides for the control of grass and broadleaf weeds in seedling clover. This was done so that a vigorous clover stand could develop in the first year, allowing it to provide a good cover crop for the following year's corn crop, and also to help reduce weed competition in the clover as well as the following year's corn crop. This study, a continuation of the 1990 study, was conducted at the University of Illinois Agronomy and Plant Pathology Research Farm at Urbana, II. on field 261-68. The soil is a Flanagan silt loam with a 1 to 2% slope and 4 5% organic matter. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications, and individual plots of 10 by 50 ft The field was in a high state of fertility, so no fertilizer was applied other than 3.0 ton per acre calcitic limestone in the fall of 1990. Plots were fall disced and spring tillage consisted of one pass with a field cultivator and one pass with a soil finisher. Preplant incorporated treatments were applied and were followed by one pass with a soil finisher on April 17. Later that same afternoon, Mammoth red clover was seeded with a Brillion seeder at a rate of 12 pounds per acre. Weed control ratings were made on June 30 and August 2, 1991. Application dates, sprayer calibration, environmental conditions and plant growth stages were as follows: Date April 17 May 3 Time 8:00am 3:30pm Treatment PPI POST Sprayer C02 C02 nozzle 8002 flat fan 8002 flat fan gpa 14 14 pressure(psi) 24 24 speed(mph) 3 3 Temperature air 55 F 65 F soil@4 inch 57 F 80 F Soil moisture moist moist Wind (mph) NE5 SW10 Overcast % foggy 10% Relative humidity 80% 70% Clover height 0 3.0 inches Weeds April 17 May 6 Number of leaves — Yellow foxtail 0 2 Giant foxtail 0 3 Redroot pigweed 0 3 Common lambsquarters 0 6 Field bindweed 0 6 Common milkweed 0 8 Prickly lettuce 0 6 Eastern black nightshade 0 2 Common purslane 0 8 Hairy Vetch many many In this study, the postemergence applications gave much better weed control than did the preplant incorporated herbicides. This was especially true for grass weed control. Moderate injury was noted on the clover as leaf crinkling due to the 2,4-DB application, which only gave moderate control of velvetleaf, redroot pigweed and eastern black nightshade. Clover establishment was slow due to crusting of the soil surface, and later on due to the hot, dry weather conditions that prevailed. (Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana) 78 Table 1. Herbicide evaluation for clover establishment (Tomera, Knake , Oldham). Treatmenl Rate Gift 6/30 Gift 8/2 Yeft 6/30 Yeft 8/2 Rrpw 6/30 Rrpw 8/2 Sethoxydim + COC + Mowing EPTC/2,4-DB Trifluralin/ 2,4-DB Pendimethalin/ 2,4-DB Seth + 2,4-DB + COC Seth + 2,4-DB + COC Fenoxaprop & fluazifop + 2,4-DB + COC Quizalofop + 2,4-DB + COC CHECK - Oats (lbs/a) 0.125 3.0/0.5 0.75/ 0.5 0.75/ 0.5 0.125 + 0.5 1.88 + 0.5 0.125 & 0.035 + 0.5 0.044 + 0.5 Control (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 100 93 100 97 100 100 82 60 85 67 100 92 82 58 82 60 100 100 87 88 70 100 72 100 100 95 100 93 88 88 88 78 98 97 93 78 100 97 100 93 88 75 90 78 100 88 90 88 35 32 52 23 63 55 LSD (0.05) 12 20 21 13 COC - crop oil concentrate was 83% parafin base petroleum oil, 16% surfactant and 1% inert used at a rate of 1.0qt/a. 2,4-DB was a Dimethylamine salt formulation Sethoxydim was the Poast formulation. 79 85 67 83 62 80 80 97 85 90 70 97 97 Table 2. Herbicide evaluation for clover establishment (Tomera, Knake, Oldham). Treatment Rate Vele Vele Ebns Ebns Colq Colq 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 6/30 8/2 Control (lbs/a) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Sethoxydim + 0.125 COC + Mowing EPTC/ 2,4-DB 3.0/0.5 Trifluralin/ 0.75/ 2,4-DB 0.5 97 87 90 70 97 97 Pendimethalin/ 0.75 2,4-DB 0.5 95 87 90 70 97 95 Seth + 2,4-DB 0.125 + + COC 0.5 93 82 92 77 97 97 Seth + 2,4-DB 1.88 + + COC 0.5B 100 87 83 72 95 92 Fenoxaprop & 0.125 & fluazifop + 0.035 + 2,4-DB + 0.5 COC 95 87 88 70 93 92 Quizalofop + 0.044 + 2,4-DB + 0.5 COC 100 88 90 80 100 97 Checks -Oats 72 58 82 60 90 75 LSD (0.05) 7 10 7 19 8 11 COC - crop oil concentrate was 83% paraffin base petroleum oil, with 16% surfactant and 1% inert used at a rate of l.OQt/A. 2,4-DB was the Dimethylamine salt formulation. Sethoxydim was the Poast formulation. 80 Interaction of soil-applied terbufos formulations and nicosulfuron for corn. Pike, David R., Ellery L. Knake, and Kevin Steffey. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate two formulations of terbufos applied as an in-furrow application for interactions with postemergence nicosulfuron. The study was conducted in 1991 at the Orr Research Center near Perry Illinois. The soil was a Herrick silt loam and Clarksdale silt loam with 1.8% organic matter and a slope of 0 to 2%. The pH was determined in the fall of 1989 as 5.8, the Pt was 56 and the K was 278. Cora hybrid FS-6774 was planted June 26, 1991 at a population of 26,100 per acre. Cora preceded corn planted in 1991. All herbicide applications were made with a tractor mounted sprayer set to deliver 25 GPA at 30 PSI. The plot area was treated with cyanazine at 2.7 lb/A and atrazine at .9 lb/A. The entire plot area was also treated with glyphosate at 1 lb/A and paraquat at 1 lb/A for knockdown of existing vegetation prior to planting. Two hundred pounds per acre of anhydrous N was applied. No fall or spring tillage was done. Soil insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting. Nozzle types were 8004 FF. Post emergence treatments were applied 12 July 1991. The prevailing temperatures during spraying operations were between 72 and 82 degrees F. Two inches of rainfall was received within seven days prior to post emergence applications resulting in excellent growing conditions. All plots were hand weeded. The rate of nicosulfuron used conformed to the newly issued product label. Results from the study indicate serious reductions in both plant height and grain yield from a resultant interaction between applications of terbufos (Counter 15G) and nicosulfuron (Accent) as well as a significant interaction between terbufos (Counter 20CR) and nicosulfuron. Reductions in plant height and yield up to 80% were noted for interactions between nicosulfuron and terbufos. Table. Interaction of soil-applied terbufos formulations and nicosulfuron for corn (Pike, Knake, Steffey). Treatment Rate Appl Time Corn height 7/23/91 Cora Yield 1991 Lb/A 1 Terbufos 15G 1.0 In furrow 2 Terbufos 20CR 1.0 In furrow 3 Nicosulfuron 0.031 + 1 Post X-77 0.25% 4 Terbufos 15G 1.0 In furrow nicosulfuron 0.031 Post X-77 0.25% 5 Terbufos 20CR 1.0 In furrow nicosulfuron + 0.031 Post X-77 0.25% 6 Check Inches 37.5 37.7 34.7 18.4 15.6 37.3 Bu/A 137.6 117.6 112.2 23.7 23.6 135.0 LSD (0.05) 3.2 35.5 Interaction of soil-applied insecticides and postemergence herbicides for corn. Pike, David R., Ellery L. Knake, and Kevin Steffey. The objective of this research is to determine the nature and level of interference between applications of nicosulfuron and the insecticides terbufos and DPX-43898 (Fortress). The study was established at the Orr Research and Demonstration Center near Perry, Illinois. The soil was a Herrick silt loam and Clarksdale silt loam with 1.8% organic matter and a slope of 0 to 2%. The pH was determined in the fall of 1989 as 5.8, the Px was 56 and the K was 278. Corn hybrid FS-6774 was planted June 4, 1990 and June 26, 1991 at populations of 26,100 per acre. Soybeans preceded the corn planted in 1990 and corn preceded the corn planted in 1991. The plot area was treated with cyanazine at 2.7 lb/ A and atrazine at .9 lb/ A. In 1991 the plot area was treated with glyphosate at 1 lb/A and paraquat at 1 lb/A for knockdown of existing vegetation prior to planting. Two hundred pounds per acre of anhydrous N was applied. In 1990 the ground was disked followed by Dino-drive. No fall tillage or spring tillage was done in 1991. Plot size was 10 x 50 ft. Soil insecticides were applied at planting in a seven inch band over the row or applied in-furrow as indicated. Postemergence herbicides were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer delivering 25 gallons per acre at a pressure of 30 PSL Nozzle types were 8004 FF. Post emergence treatments were applied 26 June 1990 and 12 July 1991. The prevailing temperatures during spraying operations were between 72 and 82 degrees F both years. Upwards of 2 inches of rainfall were received within seven days prior to post emergence applications in both years resulting in excellent growing conditions. All plots were hand weeded. The rate of nicosulfuron used in 1991 was reduced from the rate used in 1990 to conform to the newly issued product label Soil insecticide and postemergence herbicide applications were evaluated for interaction in a study conducted in 1990 and 1991. Results from the study indicate serious reductions in both plant height and grain yield from a resultant interaction between applications of terbufos (Counter) and nicosulfuron (Accent). Little interaction was noted between DPX-43898 (Fortress) and nicosulfuron in either year. Reductions in plant height and yield up to 87% were noted for interactions between nicosulfuron and in-furrow applications of terbufos. Table 1. Soil insecticide - herbicide interaction (Pike, Knake, Steffey). Cora height Cora Yield Treatment Rate 7/16/90 7/23/91 1990 1991 Lb/A -inches Bu/A 1 Terbufos 1.0 Banded 19 19 74.8 30.7 nicosulfuron QM1* Post X-77 0.25% 2 Terbufos 1.0 In-Funow 13 17 773 14.9 nicosulfuron 0.06 Post X-77 0.25% 3 DPX-43898 0.5 Banded 42 37 134.8 113.8 nicosulfuron 0.06 Post X-77 0.25% 4 DPX-43898 0.5 In-furrow 43 38 138.4 129.2 nicosulfuron 0.06 X-77 0.25% 5 Nicosulfuron 0.06 Post 39 37 128.6 106.0 X-77 0.25% 6 Check 39 34 137.7 111.7 LSD (0.05) 8 4 19.9 26.3 1 The rate of nicosulfuron was reduced from 0.06 lb/A in 1990 to 0.03 lb\A in 1991. 82 The use of handed herbicide applications and cultivation for weed control in corn. Pike, David R., Michael J. Mainz, and Glenn A. Raines. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of banded herbicide treatments in combination with cultivation compared to conventional broadcast pre and postemergence applications. This study was established at the Northwestern Illinois Agronomy Research Station near Monmouth, Illinois and at the Orr Research and Demonstration Center near Perry, Illinois Cora (Sieben 43XS) was planted May 1, 1991 at Monmouth and April 30, 1991 at the Orr center (Pioneer 3241). All herbicide applications were made with a tractor mounted sprayer set to deliver 25 GPA at i 30 PSI. Preemergence banded treatments were applied with 4004 nozzles. Preemergence applications were applied on May 2, 1991 at both locations with 65 to 70 degree F air temperatures. Postemergence applications at the Monmouth location were applied on May 28, 1991 in 8 to 12 mph winds at 70 degrees F and a relative humidity of 70 percent When post applications were made at this location giant foxtail was 5 to 6 inches tall and velvetleaf was 4 to 5 inches tall. Postemergence treatments at the Orr location were applied June 4, 1991 with 75 degree F air temperatures in an 8 to 10 mph wind. On the date of post applications the giant foxtail at this location was 6 to 18 inches tall and pigweed, lambsquarters and Pennsylvania smartweed were 12 to 24 inches tall. No single broadleaf species at this location was distributed evenly enough for independent ratings. Regular rains at the Orr center prevented timely application of postemergence herbicides and appropriate cultivation. At both locations the highest yielding treatment was atrazine + metolachlor applied as a broadcast application. The poorest weed control and lowest yields resulted from atrazine + COC, atrazine + bentazon + COC, atrazine + dicamba + COC and the treatment receiving only cultivation. Treatments containing nicosulfuron also yielded less than broadcast preemergence herbicide treatments suggesting that by the late date of application some yield reduction from weed competition had already occurred. Because postemergence applications at Monmouth (Table 1) were applied when weeds were much smaller yields from postemergence treatments were not as affected at this location compared with the Orr location (Table 2). 81 Table 1. The use of banded herbicide applications and cultivation for weed control in corn (Pike, Mainz, Raines) Appl. Control Treatment Rate Time Gift Vele Yield Lb/A % Bu/A 1 Atrazine + 1.0+ Pre 97 88 1722 metolachlor 2.0 2 Atrazine 1.5 Pre Band 78 97 132.1 cultivation 3 Metolachlor 2.0 Pre Band 72 88 1393 cultivation 4 Atrazine + 1.5 + Band 72 95 124.4 metolachlor 2.0 5 Bentazon + 0.75+ Post 10 97 43.7 atrazine + 0.75+ Activator COC 1.0% 6 Dicamba + 0.5+ Post 12 98 48.7 atrazine + 0.9+ Activator COC 1.0% 7 Atrazine + 1.4+ Post 20 94 85.4 Activator COC 1.0% 8 Metolachlor 2.0 Pre 94 71 151.8 9 Cyanazine + 2.25+ Pre 85 89 170.4 atrazine 0.75 10 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 96 98 159.2 atrazine + 1.0+ Activator COC 1.0% 11 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 95 99 150.8 bromoxynil + 0.25+ X-77 025% 12 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 96 98 156.8 atrazine + 0.9+ bentazon -+- 0.5 + X-77 0.25% 13 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 95 97 147.7 X-77 0.25% cultivation 14 Cultivation 55 82 70.8 CV 10 9 8.6 LSD (0.05) 10 12 15.4 84 Table 2. The use of banded herbicide applications and cultivation for weed control in corn (Pike, Mainz, Raines). AppL Control Treatment Rate Time Gift Bdlv1 Yield Lb/A -96 Bu/A 1 Atrazine + 1.0+ Pre 94 97 164.9 metolachlor + 2.0 2 Atrazine + 1.5 + Pre Band 70 94 122 cultivation 3 Metolachlor + 2.0+ Pre Band 76 71 1155 cultivation 4 Atrazine + 15+ Band 77 76 126.1 metolachlor 2.0 5 Bentazon + 0.75+ Post 20 63 74.0 atrazine + 0.75+ Activator COC 1.0% 6 Dicamba + 05 + Post 22 88 673 atrazine + 0.9+ Activator COC 1.0% 7 Atrazine + 1.4+ Post 12 65 73.4 Activator COC 1.0% 8 Metolachlor 2.0 Pre 63 13 104.9 9 Cyanazine + 2.25+ Pre 73 90 1332 atrazine 0.75 10 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 49 49 1365 atrazine + 1.0+ Activator COC 1.0% 11 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 54 58 116.0 bromoxynil + 0.25+ X-77 0.25% 12 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 38 50 123.9 Atrazine •+-- 0.9+ Bentazon + 0.5+ X-77 0.25% 13 Nicosulfuron + 0.04+ Post 86 89 121.7 X-77 0.25% Cultivation 14 Cultivation 61 73 1002 CV 34 • 35 20.1 LSD (0.05) 28 34 315 1 Species rated include redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and Pennsylvania smartweed. 85 The use of banded herbicides and cultivation for weed control in soybeans Pike, David R., Michael J. Mainz, and Glenn A- Raines. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of banded herbicides and cultivated treatments on weed control and grain yield of soybeans. This study was established at the Northwestern Illinois Agronomy Research Station at Monmouth Illinois and at the Orr Research Station near Perry Illinois. All herbicide applications were made with a tractor mounted sprayer set to deliver 25 GPA at 30 PSI. Preemergence banded applications were made with 4004 nozzles. Soybeans (variety Steine 3940) were planted at the Monmouth Center on May 1, 1991 with preemergence treatments applied on May 2, 1991. Postemergence treatments were applied May 28, 1991 with air temperatures of 85 degrees F and a relative humidity of 70 percent Time of spraying was 10 a.m. Giant foxtail was 4 to 6 inches tall and velvetleaf was 4 to 5 inches tall. At the Orr Research Center the soybeans (variety Pioneer 9301) were planted on April 30, 1991. Preemergence treatments were applied on May 2, 1991 under 70 degree F temperatures. Postemergence treatments were applied on June 4, 1991 with temperatures at 75 degrees F in 12 to 14 mph winds. Foxtails, the predominant grass, were 2 to 3 inches tall at postemergence application. At the Monmouth location the predominant broadleaf weed was velvetleaf whereas at the Orr location there were light infestations of lambsquarters, smartweed, and cocklebur. At the Orr location the broadleaf weeds were unevenly spread across the study area and could not be evaluated as individual species. Regularly occurring rains at the Orr Research Center prevented timely postemergence application and many of the weeds were 12 to 18 inches tall at the time of post treatments. After the postemergence applications were applied additional rains resulted in a flush of large crabgrass invading all plots at this location. At the Monmouth location (Table 1) the cultivation treatment resulted in a 50 percent decrease in yield compared to highest yielding treatment of a broadcast application of imazethapyr and pendimethalux The use of pendimethalin in combination with cultivation also resulted in yields lower than all other treatments except the cultivation treatment. The chlorimuron plus metribuzin plus metolachlor treatment with and without cultivation yielded nearly as well as the broadcast preemergence treatment of imazethapyr plus pendimethalin. At the Orr location (Table 2) the treatment which received only cultivation yielded 79% of the highest yielding treatment of a preemergence broadcast application of chlorimuron + metribuzin + metolachlor. The late season weed pressure brought about by heavy rains at the Orr location reduced yields throughout the study. 86 Table 1. The use of banded herbicides and cultivation for weed control in soybeans (Pike, Mainz, Raines) Appl. Control Treatment Rate Time Gift Vele Yield Lb/A % Bu/A 74 98 55.1 94 97 593 93 97 56.0 81 91 48.9 63 73 36.4 80 86 50.0 86 96 58.1 92 96 54.1 1 Chlorimuron + 0.04+ Pre metribuzin + 0.24 + pendimethalin 1.0 2 Chlorimuron + 0.04 + Pre metribuzin + 0.24 + metolachlor 2.0 3 Chlorimuron + 0.04 + Pre metribuzin + 0.24+ sethoxydim + 0.0625 + Post Dash 1.0% 4 Chlorimuron + 0.04 + Pre Band metribuzin 0.24 cultivation 5 Pendimethalin 1.0 Pre Band cultivation 6 Metolachlor 2.0 Pre Band cultivation 7 Chlorimuron + 0.04 + Pre Band metribuzin + 024 + metolachlor 2.0 cultivation 8 Sethoxydim + 0.0625 + Post bentazon + 0.75 + acifluorfen + 0.17 + Dash 1.0% 9 Imazethapyr + 0.06+ Pre pendimethalin 0.84 10 Cultivation - CV LSD (0.05) 96 98 633 62 80 323 11.1 10.9 11.1 13.2 14.4 83 Table 2. The use of banded herbicides and cultivation for weed control in soybeans (Pike, Mainz, Raines) Appl. Control Treatment Rate Time Gift1 Bdlv2 Yield Lb/A -% Bu/A 1 Chlorimuron + 0.04 + Pre 70 83 27.5 metribuzin + 0.24 + pendimethalin 1.0 2 Chlorimuron + 0.04+ Pre 65 66 28.4 metribuzin + 0.24 + metolachlor 2.0 3 Chlorimuron + 0.04+ Pre 79 71 22.5 metribuzin + 0.24+ sethoxydim + 0.0625 + Post Dash 1.0% 4 Chlorimuron + 0.04 + Pre Band 64 81 19.1 metribuzin 0.24 cultivation 5 Pendimethalin 1.0 Pre Band 60 63 20.0 cultivation 6 Metolachlor 2.0 Pre Band 71 71 21.1 cultivation 7 Chlorimuron + 0.04 + Pre Band 79 90 22.9 metribuzin + 0.24 + metolachlor 2.0 cultivation 8 Sethoxydim + 0.0625 + Post 55 79 11.8 bentazon + 0.75 + acifluorfen + 0.17+ Dash 1.0% 9 Imazethapyr + 0.06 + Pre 90 70 24.4 pendimethalin 0.84 10 Cultivation 67 70 223 CV 31 31 24.8 LSD (0.05) 32 34 7.9 1 Large crabgrass overgrew the study area late in the season. 2 Species rated include common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. 88 Evaluation of postemergence herbicides for control of weeds in soybeans. Monmouth. Illinois. Pike, David R. and Michael J. Mainz. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate several newly registered postemergence herbicides for weed control in soybeans. A preemergence herbicide and cultivation were used as control treatments. This study was established at the northwestern Illinois agronomy research station at Monmouth Illinois in 1991. The soybeans (variety Steine 3940) were planted May 1st into soil that was disked and field cultivated. All herbicide applications were made with a tractor mounted sprayer set to deliver 25 GPA at 30 PSI. The preemergence treatments were applied on May 2nd at 8 a.nL under calm conditions. Post emergence treatments were applied on the 28th of May at 10 a.m. in 8 to 12 m.p.h. winds. Prevailing temperatures were in the range of 80 to 85 degrees F with a relative humidity of 70 percent. Foxtails were 5 to 6 inches tall at the time of postemergence applications. Velvetleaf plants, the predominant broadleaf at that time, were 4 to 5 inches tall. Results of the study indicate that imazethapyr, when applied alone either preemergence or postemergence resulted in 68% grass control compared to 90 to 95% grass control from other pre and postemergence treatments. Postemergence applications of imazethapyr also resulted in broadleaf weed control and yields about 20% lower than broadcast preemergence treatments. Yields from quizalofop + bentazon + acifluorfen and cultivated treatments also resulted in yields lower than either preemergence treatment. No differences in yield were noted between postemergence imazethapyr treatments based upon use of adjuvants. The treatment receiving only cultivation resulted in 24 percent less weed control and 38 percent lower yields than the preemergence treatments. 89 Table. Evaluation of postemergence herbicides for control of weeds in soybeans, Monmouth, Illinois (Pike, Mainz). Appl. Control Treatment Rate Time Gift Vele Yield Lb/A -% Bu/A 1 Imazethapyr 0.06 Pre 78 98 61.7 2 Imazethapyr + 0.06+ Pre pendimethalin 0.84 92 98 62.0 3 Sethoxydim + 0.063 + Post 95 95 543 bentazon + 0.75+ acifluorfen + 0.17+ Dash 1.0% 4 Quizalofop + 0.08+ Post 92 96 49.8 bentazon + 0.75+ acifluorfen + 0.17+ Activator COC 1.0% 5 Fomesafen + 037+ Post 90 94 56.7 fluazifop + 0.19+ Activator COC 1.0% 6 Imazethapyr + 0.06+ Post 67 72 453 Dash 1.0% 7 Imazethapyr + 0.06+ Post 67 74 39.4 Activator COC 1.0% 8 Imazethapyr + 0.06+ Post 70 75 43.5 Sunnit 1.0% 9 Imazethapyr 0.06 Post 68 67 37.0 Prime oil II VOC 1.0% 10 Chlorimuron + 0.004+ Post 92 87 55.5 thifensulfuron + 0.004 + quizalofop + 0.044+ 28%(UAN) + 4.0%+ Activator COC 1.0% 11 Chlorimuron + 0.004+ Post 94 89 55.6 thifensulfuron + 0.004 + quizalofop + 0.044 + X-77 NIS + 025%+ Activator COC 1.0% 12 Cultivated 72 84 37.5 CV 6 11 11.5 LSD (0.05) 8 13 8.2 90 Summaries for 1991 Weed Science Research at the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center Efficacy of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron on perennial grasses and legumes. Nicosulfuron did not give good control of established Kentucky bluegrass, smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue or Reed canarygrass. However, nicosulfuron did control timothy relatively well. Control of these grasses with primisulfuron was less than with nicosulfuron except for smooth bromegrass. Except for the possibility of nicosulfuron on timothy, control was not considered commercially adequate. Results suggested the possibility of Kentucky bluegrass having adequate tolerance to allow selective use of primisulfuron. Tall fescue and orchardgrass may also be in this same category. For alfalfa and red clover, control with primisulfuron was relatively good and nicosulfuron gave partial control. This suggests that these compounds may be useful for additional control of alfalfa or clover, for example, in no-till corn where an earlier treatment did not give complete control. Control of alfalfa or red clover in soybeans, especially with primisulfuron, may also be a possibil ity if sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans were used. Glyphosate provided good control of Kentucky bluegrass, timothy, and Reed canarygrass; relatively good control of orchardgrass, red clover and alfalfa; but had only modest effect on smooth bromegrass and tall fescue under the conditions of this study. Single herbicide applications for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn. Metribuzin and chlorimuron in either a 6:1 or 10:1 ratio provided broad spectrum control of broadleaf weeds but only fair control of giant foxtail. Addition of pendimethal in, alachlor or metolachlor improved control of giant foxtail but control was not complete. Addition of clethodim or haloxyfop to metribuzin and chlorimuron was only partially successful in providing residual as well as burndown of grass weeds. Imazethapyr plus pendimethal in provided excellent control of the spectrum of broadleaf weeds present and good control of giant foxtail. Clomazone alone or in combination with metribuzin, metribuzin and chlorimuron, or pendimethal in provided excellent broad spectrum control of both broadleaf and grass weeds. Sequential herbicide applications for weed control in no-till soybeans after corn. Paraquat plus metribuzin followed by fluazifop-P, metribuzin and chlorimuron followed by quizalofop or clethodim, and acifluorfen plus metribuzin followed by sethoxydim all provided very good broad spectrum weed control. Early application of 2,4-D or 2,4-DB plus sethoxydim performed well. And acifluorfen plus 2,4-D early followed by bentazon plus acifluorfen and then sethoxydim also performed very well. Glyphosate or sulphosate followed by fomesafen and fluazifop-P gave good control of giant foxtail but incomplete control of broadleaf weeds. Similarly, fomesafen followed by fluazifop-P gave good control of giant foxtail but not all of broadleaf weeds. Lactofen followed by clethodim plus lactofen performed well except on common lambsquarters. 91 Substituting thifensulfuron for chlorimuron with metribuzin followed by quizalofop gave excellent broadleaf weed control and appeared to control the early emerging giant foxtail but not that which emerged after application of the quizalofop. Hulti-species evaluation of soil-applied herbicides. Performance of dry flowable formulations of trifluralin was very similar to that of the EC formulation whether used alone or in various combinations. No problems were encountered in mixing or application of the dry flowables. The dry formulation of alachlor also performed well. Of the various genetic lines of corn from the Independent Professional Seedsmen Association (IPSA) IPSA C1128 and IPSA C8004 appeared to be least vigorous; IPSA C1284, IPSA C4843, and IPSA C6114 moderate; and IPSA C6973 most vigorous. In general, the more vigorous lines appeared to be more tolerant of herbicides. There appeared to be little difference in the degree of tolerance for the soybean cultivars with the soil-applied herbicides. Canola exhibited good tolerance to trifluralin. Hairy vetch exhibited relatively good tolerance to trifluralin and to imazethapyr but was controlled with atrazine or a metribuzin and chlorimuron combination. Except for trifluralin and ethalfluralin, tolerance of sunflower was generally not adequate. There was little indication of adequate tolerance with most treatments for use in sorghum, wheat, or oats. Alfalfa generally exhibited relatively good tolerance to trifluralin, pendimethalin, ethalfluralin, imazethapyr and EPTC. Control of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters was excellent with nearly all treatments. Except for the dinitroanilines, control of common ragweed was also quite good. Except for the dinitroanilines and acetanilides, most treatments gave good control of velvetleaf; however, metribuzin plus chlorimuron was better than chlorimuron or thifensulfuron alone. For common cocklebur, some of the more effective treatments included metribuzin plus chlorimuron, atrazine, bentazon, chlorimuron, and lactofen. Most treatments controlled jimsonweed rather well except the dinitroanilines and clomazone. Control of ivyleaf and tall morningglory was quite similar with the various treatments; treatments which included atrazine were generally most effective with many other treatments giving only partial control. While most sulfonylureas and dinitroanilines provided little or no help for eastern black nightshade, imazethapyr, atrazine, the acetanilides, lactofen and acifluorfen were effective. Most treatments gave relatively good control of most annual grass weeds. However, control of annual grass with metribuzin and chlorimuron was only fair. Observations suggested an antagonistic effect of imazethapyr on annual grass control with EPTC. Of the relatively new compounds XRM 5313 indicated relatively good soybean tolerance, good control of most annual grass weeds; and compared to trifluralin alone, significant improvement in control of velvetleaf, jimsonweed, eastern black nightshade, and common ragweed as well as partial control of common cocklebur and common sunflower, but little additional help on annual morningglories. Lack of adequate tolerance would likely preclude use on sunflower and canola, but alfalfa and hairy vetch appeared to have moderate tolerance. 92 MON 13280 gave control of the foxtails with a rate response, was better on large crabgrass, poor on barnyardgrass, and had activity on shattercane. It gave good control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and eastern black nightshade and had some activity on velvetleaf, jimsonweed, annual morningglories and common ragweed. Combination with imazethapyr or metribuzin and chlorimuron significantly improved control of most broadleaf weeds and also of some grass weeds. Degree of crop tolerance would likely preclude use on the crops included in this study other than soybeans. Acetachlor generally provided good control of grass weeds, redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, eastern black nightshade, common ragweed, and jimsonweed. When incorporated it had activity on velvetleaf. Addition of atrazine further enhanced control. Crop tolerance could be of more concern than with alachlor, making the addition of a safening agent worthy of consideration. Hulti -species evaluation of postemergence herbicides. The dry water soluble crystals of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D performed in a very similar manner as the liquid formulation of the dimethylamine salt at comparable rate. The dry formulation could offer some convenience. The combination of 2,4-D and atrazine provided weed control very similar to dicamba and atrazine. Although corn tolerance appeared to be relatively adequate in this trial, previous experience suggests some caution. Corn exhibited good tolerance to pyridate and to CL 23601 except for slight effect when pyridate was mixed with cyanazine. Spectrum of control for pyridate combined with atrazine or cyanazine and for CL 23601 combined with atrazine was quite broad for both grass and broadleaf weeds. Pyridate or CL 23601 combined with nicosulfuron or primisulfuron provided good corn tolerance and fairly broad spectrum weed control with spectrum depending somewhat on the relative strength of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron with nicosulfuron more effective on most grass weeds and primisulfuron more effective on some broadleaf weeds. Although pyridate plus sethoxydim provided good weed control, crop tolerance appeared too limited for this combination to be promising for newly established alfalfa or any other crop included in the study. A low rate of metribuzin plus bentazon provided good control of broadleaf weeds with only slight effect noted on corn. Similarly, a low rate of metribuzin with 2,4-D dimethylamine or butoxyethyl ester provided excellent broadleaf weed control with little effect on corn. Sethoxydim plus bentazon and acifluorfen gave excellent broad spectrum weed control with minimal effect on soybeans. Comparison of various adjuvants with imazethapyr indicated Dash (an adjuvant from BASF) and Sunit II (a methylated seed soil) to be quite similar in performance and both slightly more effective than X-77 (an adjuvant from Valent). Under the conditions of this study, 0.125 lb/A of fluazifop-P was nearly as effective as 0.188 lb/A. Fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop gave excellent control of all grasses, including "volunteer" corn. The same combination plus fomesafen provided excellent broad spectrum control of both grass and broadleaf weeds except common lambsquarters and control of it was improved by addition of a dimethylamine formulation of 2,4-DB. Flazifop-P plus fomesafen also provided excellent control of nearly all grass and broadleaf weeds. With the exception of annual morningglories, combinations of imazethapyr plus nicosulfuron or primisulfuron provided excellent broad spectrum weed control but excessive corn injury indicated that an imazethapyr tolerant line would be 93 needed. Except for weakness on large crabgrass, nicosulfuron gave very good control of grass weeds. Primisulfuron was less effective than nicosulfuron on most grass species and especially weak on large crabgrass and barnyardgrass. However, primisulfuron was more effective on several broadleaf weed species than nicosulfuron, including common cocklebur, velvetleaf, jimsonweed, eastern black nightshade, and common sunflower. With these contrasting characteristics, various ratios of nicosulfuron plus primisulfuron were tried. Using a half rate of each provided excellent broad spectrum weed control except for only partial control of annual morningglories, moderate control of velvetleaf and poor control of large crabgrass. Other ratios appeared to have little or no advantage. One of the most dramatic observations was the tolerance of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans to both nicosulfuron and primisulfuron alone or in combination. Reducing the rate of nicosulfuron from 0.031 lb/A to 0.24 lb/A and comparing X-77 with 28% UAN for nicosulfuron plus bromoxynil indicated little significant difference with all treatments being quite effective. Addition of bromoxynil to nicosulfuron or DPX-79406 significantly improved control of common cocklebur, velvetleaf, annual morningglories, common ragweed, common sunflower and Eastern black nightshade. Evaluation of V-53482 combinations for stale seedbed soybeans. All herbicide treatments in this study gave excellent weed control. Perhaps preparing the seedbed early and then applying herbicides later, closer to the time of weed emergence, contributed to the high degree of success. Evaluation of V-53482 and metolachlor for weed control in soybeans under two soil moisture conditions. V-53482 gave excellent control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and Pennsylvania smartweed. Control of velvetleaf, ivyleaf morningglory, and tall morningglory was improved on soils with higher moisture. Metolachlor significantly improved control of giant foxtail but complete control was not achieved. Evaluation of soil-applied lactofen plus alachlor for weed control in soybeans. Results of this study indicated activity for soil-applied lactofen with a rate response. All herbicide treatments provided excellent control of redroot pigweed and fair to good control of common lambsquarters with some contribution likely from alachlor. Control of Pennsylvania smartweed was good to excellent with a rate response. Control of velvetleaf was only fair but with some improvement as lactofen rate was increased. Although there was some rate response for lactofen on ivyleaf and tall morningglories, good control was not achieved. Control of giant foxtail was fair to good with a slight contribution attributed to lactofen. 94 Evaluation of lactofen soil -applied followed by sequential application of lactofen plus clethodim. Giant foxtail control with clethodim postemergence was excellent and superior to earlier applications of alachlor or metolachlor in other nearby studies. All herbicide treatments gave excellent control of redroot pigweed. Control of common lambsquarters and annual morningglories was poor to fair. Control of Pennsylvania smartweed was good and was best with the higher amount of lactofen applied postemergence. Velvetleaf control was very good and increased with the higher rates applied postemergence. In general, using the higher rates of lactofen postemergence rather than preemergence improved weed control and also caused more temporary effect on the soybeans. Evaluation of lactofen combinations for weed control in soybeans. All herbicide treatments gave excellent control of redroot pigweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. Addition of thifensulfuron, imazethapyr, or bentazon to lactofen significantly improved control of common lambsquarters but chlorimuron gave little help. Lactofen plus bentazon or imazethapyr gave excellent control of velvetleaf with thifensulfuron a little less effective and chlorimuron least effective. All treatments gave only poor to fair control of the annual morningglories. In general, imazethapyr or bentazon performed best with lactofen and there was a slight rate response for lactofen. Imazethapyr had the advantage of providing control of grass weeds. Clethodim applied to the entire area on June 12 when giant foxtail was about 8 inches tall provided good control. Evaluation of clethodim postemergence combinations. Clethodim provided excellent control of giant foxtail with little or no antagonism from bentazon, chlorimuron or lactofen. Chlorimuron and lactofen provided excellent control of redroot pigweed but bentazon did not. Bentazon provided good control of common lambsquarters but chlorimuron and lactofen did not. Bentazon and lactofen provided better control of velvetleaf than chlorimuron. None of the treatments gave good control of annual morningglories but all gave very good control of Pennsylvania smartweed. One of the most significant observations was control of redroot pigweed by adding lactofen to bentazon. Effect of imazethapyr on performance of postemergence herbicides for control of grass weeds. In a previous study an antagonistic effect was noted resulting in decreased grass control when imazethapyr was added to clethodim. In this study, the most antagonism to decrease control of giant foxtail was noted with imazethapyr added to sethoxydim. Fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop was intermediate and the least was with quizalofop. Evaluation of quizalofop for early preplant for no-till soybeans. Quizalofop at all rates provided excellent control of giant foxtail, equivalent to control with sethoxydim applied early preplant. Although 95 chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron was applied postemergence to all but the check plots, 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester applied early preplant enhanced control of velvetleaf . Evaluation of clethodim with imazethapyr. lactofen. and chlorimuron plus metribuzin. preplant for no-till soybeans. Clethodim gave excellent control of giant foxtail at both 0.125 and 0.15 lb/A with no antagonism noted by adding metribuzin and chlorimuron, imazethapyr or lactofen. All treatments gave very good control of velvetleaf. Metribuzin and chlorimuron or imazethapyr gave very good control of common lambsquarters but lactofen did not. This study suggests the feasibility of clethodim plus metribuzin and chlorimuron, imazethapyr or lactofen for early preplant for no- till soybeans. However the addition of a herbicide to improve common lambsquarters control with lactofen is suggested. Evaluation of herbicide combinations for no-till soybeans. All herbicide treatments gave excellent control of giant foxtail, velvetleaf and common lambsquarters with no significant effect on soybeans. Clethodim, glyphosate or HOE-39866 appeared to give good burndown of giant foxtail and metolachlor provided residual control. For control of velvetleaf, V53482 or metribuzin appeared to be effective although burndown with only glyphosate also appeared to be adequate. Similarly, control of common lambsquarters was very good. Weed control for no-till soybeans after corn. The metribuzin and chlorimuron combination has generally given excellent control of a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds including weeds such as prickly lettuce and horseweed that are often associated with no-till. If pressure from grass weeds is not very great, the metribuzin and chlorimuron combination may be adequate as indicated in this study. However herbicides such as pendimethal in or metolachlor might be added initially to strengthen grass control. Or metribuzin and chlorimuron can be applied initially and followed by a postemergence application of a herbicide such as quizalofop for control of grass weeds. Observations indicate that the postemergence grass killer should not be applied too early but after most of the grass for the season has emerged. Clethodim has been of special interest since it has provided some residual activity, especially with favorable soil moisture conditions. With chlorimuron, significant precaution is needed to avoid applying a relatively high rate on soils with pH above 6.8 to avoid carryover effects on crops such as corn the next season. Related studies have included treatments to reduce the chlorimuron rate. Replacing at least part of the chlorimuron with a shorter residual sulfonylurea herbicide such as thifensulfuron may be one possibility or a combination of clomazone with a reduced rate of metribuzin and chlorimuron appears promising. Another possibility for no-till soybeans is a sequential approach with a herbicide such as glyphosate or sulphosate for early burndown followed by a later postemergence treatment of fluazifop-P and fomesafen. 96 One of the earliest programs introduced was use of 2,4-D plus sethoxydim for early "burndown" followed by bentazon and acifluorfen and then sethoxydim. All of the treatments described for this study performed relatively well except in an area of the field with excessive flooding. Weed control for no-tm corn in soybean stubble. Where corn and soybeans are the predominant crops, one of the most convenient approaches for no-till is to plant corn in soybean stubble. Previous studies have indicated a high degree of success without increasing amount or cost of herbicides. Combinations of atrazine and cyanazine in 1:1 or 1:3 ratios have provided both early burndown and good residual. The availability of nicosulfuron now provides the opportunity for a postemergence follow-up treatment if needed. A modest rate of glyphosate for early burndown combined with an acetanilide and atrazine has also performed well. In this study, use of dicamba, bromoxynil or bentazon each in combination with atrazine and followed by nicosulfuron provided excellent control of grass weeds. For early application, dicamba with atrazine appeared to have some advantage over bromoxynil or bentazon for greater residual control of broadleaf weeds. Time and method of herbicide application for no-till and lo-till. In this study, corn was planted lo-till after soybeans and no-till after alfalfa or hairy vetch. Soybeans were planted both lo-till and no-till after corn. Tillage was used to prepare a seedbed for alfalfa. For no-till corn, dicamba with 2,4-D gave good control of alfalfa. Good control of annual weeds was achieved with a preemergence application of cyanazine and atrazine or with a postemergence application of nicosulfuron plus bromoxynil. Dicamba plus atrazine gave excellent control of hairy vetch as well as providing extended control of broadleaf weeds. A postemergence application of nicosulfuron gave good control of grass weeds, including giant foxtail and some quackgrass. For lo-till corn using two diskings, incorporation of EPTC plus dichlormid and dietholate followed by dicamba and atrazine provided good weed control. Good control was also achieved with metolachlor and atrazine or cyanazine and atrazine followed by nicosulfuron. For no-till soybeans, pendimethal in plus metribuzin and chlorimuron, glyphosate followed by fluazifop-P and fomesafen, and 2,4-D plus sethoxydim followed by bentazon and acifluorfen and then sethoxydim all performed relatively well . For lo-till soybeans, incorporation of triflural in followed by imazethapyr, pendimethal in and imazethapyr surface applied, and metribuzin and chlorimuron followed by quizalofop all performed quite well. For establishing alfalfa, triflural in followed by 2,4-DB dimethylamine, sethoxydim plus 2,4-DB, or imazethapyr all aided in establishing on excellent stand of alfalfa. However, imazethapyr had a definite advantage for controlling eastern black nightshade. Imazethapyr also had some advantage over 2,4-DB for control of Pennsylvania smartweed. In summary, some excellent herbicides are available to provide considerable flexibility for tillage systems and time and method of application. Results suggest that greater acceptance of herbicides for weed control in small seeded legumes could be quite beneficial. 97 Evaluation of sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans with chlorimuron. thifensulfuron. and imazethapyr. Although some rates of chlorimuron and thifensulfuron were considered relatively high, effect on soybeans was quite limited. Very little discoloration of soybeans was noted but slight differences in height and in canopy width were noted, with the sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans expressing more tolerance. Unexpectedly, imazethapyr appeared to have greater effect on the sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans than on the others. This suggests some caution in selecting herbicides for use on sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans. Although the main objective was to compare soybean tolerance, observations on weed control indicated that the quizalofop applied to all plots gave excellent control of giant foxtail but was slightly less effective on yellow foxtail than on giant foxtail. Chlorimuron and imazethapyr were more effective on yellow nutsedge than thifensulfuron. All three herbicides gave excellent control of redroot pigweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. Thifensulfuron and imazethapyr were much more effective on common lambsquarters than chlorimuron. Only imazethapyr controlled eastern black nightshade. Although control of velvetleaf was generally not complete with any of the treatments, control did not fall below 90%. Effect of time of day for application of sethoxydim. If photodegradation is important for sethoxydim, then theoretically applications near dusk or after dark may allow more opportunity for uptake by plants and perhaps improved control and the opportunity to use lower rates. A study the previous year tended to support this theory and the study was repeated in 1991. However, the very favorable conditions in 1991 with relatively high temperatures, high humidity, good moisture conditions and yery active plant growth appeared to preclude much difference for rate or time of day for application. Sethoxydim gave excellent control of giant foxtail regardless of rate or time of day. Any differences were very minor and difficult to elucidate. Evaluation of adjuvants for nicosulfuron. In general, ammonium sulfate and 28% urea ammonium nitrate solution each enhanced herbicide performance to about the same degree and appeared to be comparable. The methylated seed oil (Scoil) appeared to be most effective, with crop oil concentrate (an 83% parafin base petroleum oil) intermediate, and X-77 (a nonionic surfactant from Valent) slightly less effective for control of giant foxtail. For primisulfuron, the methylated seed oil appeared to be more effective than crop oil concentrate plus 28% UAN. For imazethapyr, X-77 plus 28% UAN and methylated seed oil were about equally effective for weed control but the methylated seed oil with imazethapyr appeared to have a little less effect on corn. 98 Evaluation of nicosulfuron in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control in corn. There was little evidence of corn injury when 2,4-D, dicamba, atrazine, pyridate, bromoxynil, thifensulfuron or V-23031 were combined with nicosulfuron. However, combinations with cyanazine or bentazon had significant effect on corn. There appeared to be little conclusive evidence of antagonism and decreased control due to mixing other herbicides with nicosulfuron. Most combinations improved spectrum of weed control. Although control of giant foxtail with DPX- 79406 was good, it appeared to be less effective than nicosulfuron on some broadleaf weeds. A combination of nicosulfuron and thifensulfuron showed promise for good weed control and good corn tolerance. 99 APPENDIX Page Weather data - 1991 i DeKalb v Perry-Orr ix Monmouth xiii Herbicide terminology xv Trade names of herbicides xvii Abbreviations for herbicide common names xviii Weed names and abbreviations NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB APRIL, 1991 Date Mean Mean Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Wind Wind Rel Rel Precip 4" under sod Speed mph Direction degrees Max Min Mean Hum % Hum % inches Max Min 1 7 311 53 33 42 88 18 T 46 39 2 12 126 56 31 44 85 19 45 38 3 14 126 67 39 53 63 23 47 40 4 8 166 58 47 53 .100 63 .15 48 44 5 7 214 75 45 61 100 35 53 44 6 14 210 82 53 67 91 19 56 49 7 11 201 79 54 67 87 41 58 51 8 10 192 77 61 67 96 45 .85 60 55 9 11 315 61 39 48 100 86 .34 58 50 10 11 325 55 35 44 93 23 .01 53 47 11 12 71 46 36 41 86 41 50 50 12 17 96 52 40 45 83 47 .10 46 43 13 14 77 51 43 47 95 68 T 47 44 14 13 213 65 48 55 100 71 .89 52 45 15 15 278 64 45 52 94 41 .55 53 47 16 8 276 59 46 52 89 48 .01 54 48 17 10 51 62 41 51 87 30 55 48 18 14 75 60 40 50 88 43 .01 52 48 19 19 44 57 41 50 82 44 51 47 20 13 26 55 37 46 82 41 50 45 21 9 23 59 40 48 77 22 T 52 46 22 8 250 61 36 51 78 22 53 45 23 11 261 57 40 48 90 35 .14 51 47 24 7 332 65 37 51 91 12 54 45 25 7 169 66 42 55 74 25 53 47 26 11 123 77 44 62 87 27 56 48 27 13 159 73 57 65 100 56 .12 58 53 28 10 107 76 49 65 100 37 60 53 29 18 174 74 51 64 95 49 .45 60 57 30 21 239 63 48 55 80 36 58 54 NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB MAY, 1991 Date Mean Mean Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Wind Wind Rel Rel Precip 4" under sod Speed Direction Hum Hum mph degrees Max Min Mean % % inches Max Min 1 14 266 58 43 52 84 34 .02 56 52 2 11 281 70 40 54 84 18 56 49 3 14 86 59 42 50 83 32 53 50 4 12 79 65 47 57 78 51 55 49 5 16 184 68 44 54 99 63 .81 55 51 6 18 251 50 43 46 87 57 54 49 7 10 258 65 41 54 88 24 T 54 47 8 10 103 70 49 58 92 56 55 50 9 8 148 77 52 65 96 34 58 52 10 9 123 77 53 67 91 51 59 54 11 7 176 85 60 73 94 35 63 56 12 6 164 84 62 74 100 35 65 59 13 6 224 87 64 77 91 33 66 61 14 7 167 85 65 73 88 29 .03 66 62 15 7 163 84 61 73 93 41 66 61 16 4 231 73 65 69 96 66 1.02 65 62 17 15 62 73 50 60 99 79 .66 65 61 18 16 70 54 47 51 94 77 62 58 19 12 56 63 49 56 89 52 61 57 20 8 98 77 51 65 89 35 63 57 21 8 154 84 59 71 100 42 .13 64 60 22 8 188 83 68 74 100 52 .03 67 62 23 11 190 84 69 74 97 42 T 70 64 24 10 228 85 68 75 100 36 .57 73 66 25 8 129 76 67 70 100 84 3.35 70 67 26 14 210 80 68 73 96 58 72 67 27 8 220 86 64 76 100 46 75 66 28 10 207 90 68 80 100 30 77 69 29 8 183 85 69 76 97 50 .01 75 70 30 12 218 89 67 76 94 43 .49 76 69 31 8 212 84 67 73 96 64 .51 75 69 11 NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB JUNE, 1991 Date Mean Mean Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Wind Wind Rel Rel Precip 4" under sod Speed mph Direction degrees Max Min Mean Hum % Hum % inches Max Min 1 4 188 87 67 75 96 41- .23 77 69 2 62 8 84 67 75 95 50 77 71 3 9 56 81 62 71 95 41 76 71 4 15 78 71 57 64 74 28 72 67 5 11 73 73 53 64 90 29 71 65 6 7 71 76 53 66 85 20 71 63 7 4 114 80 54 69 78 21 71 63 8 4 165 82 57 71 86 23 74 64 9 8 195 83 60 73 81 25 73 66 10 11 230 83 68 75 94 30 .05 73 67 11 5 256 80 63 71 96 38 .42 75 68 12 6 126 84 64 72 93 48 .07 76 68 13 8 145 87 62 75 92 38 .01 76 68 14 13 190 89 69 80 94 48 T 77 71 15 9 233 83 69 75 89 55 75 71 16 7 6 80 60 71 93 27 T 75 70 17 4 103 83 57 70 92 25 75 67 18 3 65 85 56 73 90 27 75 66 19 5 54 86 60 75 93 35 T 75 68 20 4 146 88 60 75 93 33 T 76 67 21 5 106 88 63 76 94 30 .23 76 69 22 13 46 66 60 62 95 83 73 66 23 10 74 76 59 67 86 25 70 65 24 5 108 81 57 69 93 35 T 72 65 25 4 131 85 57 72 89 33 T 74 65 26 10 189 87 61 77 91 51 .01 75 67 27 10 198 87 67 78 93 51 T 77 70 28 8 208 85 65 76 93 44 .01 76 70 29 7 213 89 68 79 94 45 .01 78 70 30 6 115 88 68 78 96 61 1.57 80 71 111 NORTHERN ILLINOIS AGRONOMY RESEARCH CENTER - DEKALB JULY, 1991 Date Mean Mean Air Temp F Max Min Total Soil Temp F Wind Wind Rel Rel Precip 4" under sod Speed mph Direction degrees Max Min Mean Hum % Hum % inches Max Min 1 6 215 88 68 78 97 59 79 73 2 6 243 87 69 78 94 34 T 80 74 3 6 255 83 66 74 94 44 .59 78 73 4 7 244 79 63 70 94 48 T 77 72 5 5 238 84 63 74 94 46 78 71 6 7 211 88 67 78 95 53 T 78 72 7 7 223 88 70 77 96 57 .03 79 73 8 6 16 79 64 71 94 42 T 78 73 9 6 161 75 60 68 95 50 76 72 10 4 86 83 57 70 96 40 T 77 69 11 6 130 83 59 73 95 49 76 70 12 6 261 84 65 75 96 47 T 76 72 13 6 12 77 61 68 96 52 .03 74 70 14 5 19 78 57 68 96 28 T 75 68 15 3 185 82 52 69 94 29 75 67 16 6 205 84 56 72 94 38 T 76 68 17 6 223 84 65 75 94 47 76 70 18 5 215 88 66 77 94 43 T 78 71 19 7 209 92 65 79 94 38 79 71 20 8 190 89 70 80 94 45 79 73 21 6 172 87 72 79 94 62 .02 78 73 22 8 229 93 73 81 96 42 .08 80 73 23 7 335 82 61 74 95 28 79 73 24 5 251 79 57 69 93 36 76 70 25 6 15 75 54 65 93 34 75 68 26 4 17 76 51 65 95 31 75 66 27 5 66 77 49 65 94 30 74 65 28 5 118 80 58 69 93 37 .02 73 67 29 7 354 76 56 68 95 46 73 68 30 4 306 79 53 66 95 34 74 65 31 9 222 84 56 72 94 45 74 66 IV PERRY ORR AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER APRIL 1991 Date Wind Wind Air Temp F Humidity % Soil Temp F Total Speed mph. Dir. Max. Min. 4" bare Soil Max. Min. Precip Max. Min. inches 1 2 NW 61 33 100 26 49 44 — 2 10 E 67 37 85 24 54 45 — 3 5 E 63 44 78 44 52 47 — 4 3 W 73 50 100 40 53 48 .10 5 7 W 66 41 100 78 55 51 — 6 7 SW 78 50 96 36 58 50 — 7 8 S 83 57 100 32 60 52 — 8 3 SE 79 57 100 64 61 56 .10 9 10 W 80 45 100 56 64 57 .05 10 8 NW 59 35 100 40 60 52 — 11 12 SE 57 35 96 28 58 51 — 12 15 SE 50 42 96 60 52 49 .05 13 4 E 55 46 100 64 51 49 .40 14 5 S 69 49 100 100 56 50 1.08 15 5 W 65 43 100 81 60 55 1.00 16 1 NW 68 39 100 40 60 54 — 17 4 NE 80 45 100 30 62 54 — 18 12 E 71 45 100 56 62 52 — 19 3 N 65 44 100 70 58 56 .19 20 5 N 52 41 100 88 56 53 .33 21 1 NW 52 34 100 72 54 50 .28 22 4 NW 58 33 100 40 57 49 — 23 6 SW 62 43 100 34 57 51 — 24 6 NW 63 35 100 48 56 51 — 25 0 S 67 40 100 28 59 50 — 26 4 SE 60 36 100 60 56 52 — 27 4 S 78 46 100 66 60 52 .31 28 1 N 74 48 100 100 68 58 .13 29 8 SE 77 51 100 84 65 58 .01 30 8 SW 78 46 100 38 66 59 — PERRY - ORR AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER MAY 1991 Date Wind Wind Air Temp F Humidity % Soil Temp F Total Speed mph. Dir. Max. Min. 4" bare Soil Max. Min. Precip Max. Min. inches 1 8 W 70 42 100 42 62 57 .54 2 3 W 64 47 82 34 62 56 — 3 7 E 78 46 100 30 65 55 — 4 3 E 57 45 100 88 59 57 1.58 5 2 SW 66 50 100 100 61 56 3.73 6 7 W 69 41 100 72 61 55 .01 7 3 SW 56 35 100 56 55 52 .01 8 4 SE 76 42 100 44 61 51 .01 9 2 E 76 47 100 44 63 56 — 10 2 E 70 54 100 88 63 59 — 11 1 SE 75 60 100 100 65 60 — 12 1 NE 81 55 100 66 69 62 — 13 4 SW 84 62 100 54 72 64 — 14 6 SW 86 62 100 76 74 67 — 15 4 NE 85 62 100 44 74 69 .23 16 1 E 85 62 100 70 73 69 .10 17 4 S 76 58 100 80 71 69 .29 18 6 SE 88 58 100 70 75 67 1.82 19 3 E 79 55 100 92 73 68 1.07 20 1 NE 63 52 100 100 70 66 — 21 8 SE 79 57 100 76 72 65 — 22 2 E 82 64 100 72 74 68 .01 23 5 S 81 65 100 86 73 70 .25 24 2 SW 84 66 100 60 76 69 .02 25 3 SW 86 65 100 72 78 71 1.53 26 9 SW 79 66 100 100 76 71 .45 27 12 SW 85 63 100 84 78 71 .01 28 4 S 87 64 100 76 80 72 — 29 2 E 91 67 100 70 82 74 — 30 7 S 84 62 100 100 79 74 2.48 31 7 SW 87 65 100 88 80 73 .05 VI ■MirrrmiingTmi PERRY - ORR AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER JUNE 1991 Date Wind Wind Air Temp F Humidity % Soil Temp F Total Speed mph. Dir. Max. Min. 4" bare Soil Max. Min. Precip Max. Min. inches 1 4 NW 89 65 100 90 83 75 .22 2 5 W 90 64 100 68 83 74 — 3 5 W 87 65 100 76 88 75 — 4 7 E 91 64 100 60 86 76 — 5 7 NE 80 58 100 64 79 72 — 6 4 E 78 50 100 50 78 71 — 7 1 NW 78 49 100 42 77 70 — 8 1 SE 80 51 100 46 78 69 — 9 2 SE 82 55 100 52 79 70 — 10 3 SW 88 64 100 56 80 71 — 11 6 SW 83 62 100 60 79 74 — 12 4 SW 85 63 100 76 80 72 — 13 3 SE 89 62 100 66 82 73 — 14 6 SE 90 67 100 72 81 75 — 15 8 SW 92 71 100 72 84 75 — 16 6 N 90 64 100 88 82 75 .48 17 3 SE 83 54 100 64 82 74 — 18 1 N 85 53 100 50 84 73 — 19 3 N 86 58 100 54 84 73 — 20 5 SE 88 58 100 56 84 75 — 21 3 SE 90 66 100 54 85 75 — 22 4 NW 90 67 100 70 84 78 — 23 2 NE 79 59 100 96 80 75 .14 24 3 E 77 60 100 96 78 74 — 25 2 SE 82 61 100 80 80 72 — 26 4 S 87 65 100 74 82 74 — 27 10 S 91 66 100 80 83 75 — 28 5 SW 89 61 100 66 85 76 — 29 8 S 89 66 100 64 84 75 — 30 8 NW 94 72 100 66 87 77 — Vll PERRY - ORR AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER July 1991 Date Wind Wind Air Temp F Humic lity % Soil Temp F Total Speed mph. Dir. Max. Min. 4" bare Soil Max. Min. Precip Max. Min. inches 1 12 SW 95 72 100 57 89 78 — 2 3 SW 94 68 82 68 88 80 .13 3 5 NW 91 63 100 62 87 78 .04 4 1 W 90 61 100 44 84 76 — 5 5 SE 86 63 100 52 84 76 — 6 10 SW 94 71 100 54 86 76 — 7 15 SW 97 75 100 50 88 78 — 8 5 NW 96 69 100 70 89 80 — 9 5 NE 88 62 100 56 88 79 .36 10 2 SW 79 59 100 94 80 75 1.15 11 12 S 78 66 100 100 80 74 1.27 12 12 NW 80 66 100 100 79 74 .68 13 10 NW 89 63 100 66 83 74 — 14 3 E 81 59 100 88 81 75 — 15 2 SE 83 56 100 70 82 75 — 16 2 SE 85 56 100 54 84 74 — 17 2 SE 87 57 100 54 84 74 — 18 2 E 90 58 100 58 85 75 — 19 3 S 92 66 100 50 96 76 — 20 5 E 91 66 100 80 96 78 — 21 10 SW 91 73 100 86 85 78 — 22 10 S 95 74 100 72 87 70 — 23 8 N 94 69 100 70 88 80 .01 24 2 NW 84 59 100 58 86 78 .02 25 6 NW 77 55 100 46 80 74 .01 26 3 NE 81 49 100 50 83 73 — 27 3 E 80 49 100 54 82 73 — 28 4 SE 81 57 100 56 81 72 — 29 14 NW 85 63 100 58 82 73 — 30 1 NW 78 50 100 68 78 71 — 31 8 SW 84 54 100 54 83 71 — Vlll btODMUf* NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER - MONMOUTH APRIL, 1991 Date Air Temperature °F Relative Soil Temper ature-4M Precipitation Growing Degree Days Humdity % Bare Sod Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Inches 1 56 32 93 20 53 39 46 40 ~ 3.0 2 58 36 65 13 58 39 50 40 — 4.0 3 60 40 65 26 56 42 47 43 — 5.0 4 69 49 100 30 59 46 51 44 0.06 9.5 5 59 46 100 68 55 49 51 49 TR 9.5 6 77 54 78 23 65 49 56 49 ~ 15.5 7 80 53 94 21 70 53 59 52 -- 16.5 8 79 60 98 36 68 55 59 54 TR 19.5 9 79 44 97 36 71 57 61 57 0.11 14.5 10 44 34 95 56 57 42 57 47 TR ~ 11 55 34 70 17 62 43 54 47 — 2.5 12 48 41 65 30 47 44 48 45 0.01 ~ 13 57 42 94 36 50 44 47 45 TR 3.5 14 56 48 100 85 51 48 50 47 1.16 3.0 15 59 43 100 57 60 48 54 50 0.62 4.5 16 65 41 95 33 59 47 54 49 ~ 7.5 17 71 45 99 37 66 47 57 49 0.05 10.5 18 65 44 77 37 65 49 57 51 — 7.5 19 62 44 100 55 58 48 54 50 0.27 6.0 20 51 40 100 55 49 45 50 48 0.35 0.5 21 53 36 95 55 56 42 52 46 — 1.5 22 57 36 100 32 59 42 59 46 — 3.5 23 62 43 100 30 62 42 53 47 0.04 6.0 24 57 37 96 34 59 44 62 46 ~ 3.5 25 66 44 82 20 68 44 57 46 — 8.0 26 62 45 98 37 58 48 52 50 — 6.0 27 77 52 100 41 69 48 57 49 0.19 14.5 28 73 49 90 38 67 53 60 54 — 11.5 29 75 58 99 46 66 53 59 54 0.01 16.5 30 78 48 92 21 72 53 61 54 — 14.0 IX NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER - MONMOUTH MAY, 1991 Date Air Temperature °F Relative Soil Temperature-4" Precipitation Growing Degree Days Humdity % Bare Sod Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Inches 1 67 47 73 28 69 53 57 54 ~ 8.5 2 61 40 92 26 67 49 56 51 — 5.5 3 73 45 76 23 72 50 58 51 — 11.5 4 55 45 98 57 53 52 53 52 0.31 2.5 5 66 51 100 63 62 52 56 52 0.94 8.5 6 67 42 100 65 62 47 57 51 TR 8.5 7 49 39 97 46 49 43 56 49 — — 8 68 45 98 42 66 43 57 48 ~ 9.0 9 71 51 99 43 62 54 57 48 « 11.0 10 74 55 98 44 74 54 61 55 — 14.5 11 77 62 97 58 71 58 62 57 — 19.5 12 81 62 97 46 79 63 66 60 — 21.5 13 83 66 97 60 79 65 67 62 ~ 24.5 14 87 64 95 45 84 67 70 64 ~ 25.0 15 87 66 98 29 86 68 71 65 0.17 26.0 16 82 65 98 48 79 68 71 65 0.02 23.5 17 72 61 99 79 72 64 68 65 0.20 16.5 18 83 58 100 57 79 64 71 65 0.62 20.5 19 69 51 100 86 64 57 65 61 — 10.0 20 66 52 86 66 67 57 65 61 ~ 9.0 21 76 58 97 57 74 60 67 62 — 17.0 22 80 67 98 62 76 66 69 65 0.09 23.5 23 83 69 98 50 81 68 72 67 — 26.0 24 81 67 100 50 80 69 72 69 0.43 24.0 25 83 67 98 44 82 69 75 68 0.61 25.0 26 75 68 98 85 84 69 72 70 0.32 21.5 27 81 66 99 46 78 69 74 69 — 23.5 28 87 71 97 42 87 70 76 69 — 28.5 29 90 77 98 40 90 73 78 71 — 31.5 30 84 66 100 48 84 71 75 72 0.25 25.0 31 87 67 98 54 82 71 76 71 — 26.5 NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER - MONMOUTH JUNE, 1991 Date Air Temperature °F Relative Soil Temperature-4" Precipitation Growing Degree Days Humdity % Bare Sod Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Inches 1 89 66 100 47 89 71 78 72 26.0 2 87 70 98 36 85 71 83 72 ~ 3 87 70 99 42 87 73 81 74 — 4 86 62 90 44 91 72 82 73 ~ 5 72 53 100 35 76 65 73 68 0.01 6 75 52 98 28 83 65 74 67 — 7 77 57 73 28 83 65 73 66 — 8 80 56 93 28 85 66 74 67 — 9 82 60 94 26 86 67 74 67 — 10 86 66 100 34 86 69 76 68 — 11 83 67 99 35 82 71 73 70 0.15 12 84 65 98 34 86 72 78 70 ~ 13 89 66 97 28 91 72 81 72 — 14 88 71 98 42 89 74 79 73 ~ 15 91 72 96 46 91 75 79 73 TR 16 85 63 99 52 85 72 78 73 TR 17 81 56 100 30 88 70 80 70 — 18 83 57 96 28 89 70 80 70 — 19 85 61 99 29 90 70 82 70 — 20 88 60 100 31 89 72 81 71 — 21 89 66 99 34 92 73 82 72 « 22 82 63 98 42 89 73 83 71 0.24 23 67 60 98 83 73 67 73 68 TR 24 76 62 94 53 76 66 73 68 — 25 81 64 95 44 83 69 77 68 — 26 84 68 96 39 88 70 80 70 « 27 88 72 96 53 90 74 81 73 ~ 28 87 65 97 50 91 75 83 74 — 29 86 69 96 35 92 75 83 74 — 30 92 72 96 39 93 76 85 75 — 28.0 28.0 24.0 12.5 13.5 17.0 18.0 21.0 26.0 25.0 24.5 26.0 28.5 29.0 24.0 18.5 20.0 23.0 23.0 26.0 24.5 13.5 19.0 12.5 26.0 29.0 25.5 27.5 29.0 XI NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER - MONMOUTH JULY, 1991 Date Air Temperature °F Relative Soil Temperature-4" Precipitation Growing Degree Days Humdity % Bare Sod Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Inches 1 91 73 92 44 95 80 87 77 — 29.5 2 93 66 98 34 95 79 88 78 — 26.0 3 91 63 98 25 95 76 87 77 0.01 24.5 4 89 59 98 25 92 75 84 75 ~ 22.5 5 83 62 95 33 88 74 83 74 TR 22.5 6 92 69 96 27 96 75 87 74 TR 27.5 7 94 72 92 36 92 77 84 77 TR 29.0 8 93 67 94 38 91 77 85 77 ~ 26.5 9 82 65 100 32 93 77 88 77 0.01 23.5 10 67 63 99 88 77 71 77 72 0.44 15.0 11 82 66 98 46 83 71 80 72 0.08 24.0 12 80 70 97 62 79 74 77 74 0.03 25.0 13 88 63 97 32 89 72 84 75 — 24.5 14 81 58 98 40 87 71 83 73 — 19.5 15 82 61 99 35 88 71 85 72 ~ 21.5 16 83 58 96 31 90 73 83 73 — 20.5 17 85 64 91 31 92 73 85 73 ~ 24.5 18 90 64 98 34 94 74 86 74 — 25.0 19 90 67 98 26 94 77 87 76 — 26.5 20 92 69 98 26 95 78 87 77 ~ 27.5 21 91 75 92 45 94 79 88 77 — 30.5 22 94 76 89 40 96 79 88 79 ~ 31.0 23 94 69 100 40 96 75 89 76 3.49 27.5 24 83 61 97 25 82 71 83 74 — 22.0 25 78 57 98 28 80 68 79 72 — 17.5 26 78 55 98 28 79 68 79 71 — 16.5 27 77 56 98 30 82 69 79 71 — 16.5 28 78 61 89 32 81 69 78 71 — 19.5 29 81 64 99 45 81 71 77 72 0.13 22.5 30 74 53 97 40 75 66 76 69 ~ 13.5 31 81 61 98 35 82 66 78 69 — 21.0 Xll HERBICIDE TERMINOLOGY Common Name or Code Name Trade Name Company Acetochlor & safener ICIA-5676 ICI Acifluorfen Blazer BASF Alachlor Lasso Monsanto Alachlor WDG Partner Monsanto Alachlor & atrazine Lariat Monsanto Alachlor & trifluralin Cannon Monsanto Alachlor MT & atrazine Bullet Monsanto Atrazine AAtrex CIBA-Geigy Atrazine & 2,4-D Shotgun United Agri Products Bentazon Basagran BASF Bentazon & acifluorfen Galaxy, Storm BASF Bentazon & atrazine Laddok BASF Bromoxynil Buctril Rhone-Poulenc Butyl ate & atrazine Sutazine ICI Butyl ate & dichlormid Sutan+ ICI Chloramben Ami ben Rhone-Poulenc Chlorimuron Classic DuPont CGA-180937 Metolachlor & CGA-154281 CIBA-Geigy CGA-136872 Beacon CIBA-Geigy CL-23601 Agrolinz Clethodim Select Valent Clomazone Command FMC Clomazone & trifluralin Commence DowElanco,FMC Clopyralid(XRM-3972) Stinger DowElanco Clopyralid & 2,4-D Curtail DowEl anco Cyanazine Bladex DuPont Cyanazine & atrazine 3:1 Extrazine II DuPont 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester Weedone LV4 Rhone-Poulenc 2,4-D dimethylamine salt Savage United Agri Products 2,4-DB dimethyl amine Butyrac 200 Rhone-Poulenc DE-498 DowElanco Dicamba Banvel Sandoz Dicamba & atrazine Marksman Sandoz Diquat Diquat Valent DPX-79406 nicosulfuron & DPXE9636 DuPont EPTC Eptam ICI EPTC & dichlormid Eradicane ICI EPTC & dichlormid & dietholate Eradicane Extra ICI Ethalfluralin Sonalan DowElanco F-80 (naphthalic anhydride) Advantage FMC Fenoxaprop Option Hoechst-Roussel Fluazifop-P Fusilade 2000 ICI Fluazifop-P & fomesafen Tornado ICI Fluazifop-P & fenoxaprop Fusion ICI Fluroxypyr(EF-689) Starane DowElanco Fomesafen Reflex ICI Glufosinate (HOE-39866) Ignite Hoechst-Roussel Glyphosate Roundup Monsanto Glyphosate & alachlor Bronco Monsanto Haloxyfop Verdict DowElanco Xlll HERBICIDE TERMINOLOGY Common Name or Code Name Trade Name Company HOE-39866 Ignite Hoechst-Roussel Imazaquin Scepter American Cyanamid Imazaquin & pendimethalin Squadron American Cyanamid Imazethapyr Pursuit American Cyanamid Imazethapyr & pendimethalin Pursuit Plus American Cyanamid Imazethapry & trifluralin Passport American Cyanamid Lactofen Cobra Valent Linuron & chlorimuron Lorox Plus DuPont Metolachlor & atrazine Bicep CIBA-Geigy Metolachlor & CGA-154281 Dual & safener CIBA-Geigy Metribuzin Lexone, Sencor DuPont, Mobay Metribuzin & chlorimuron Preview, Canopy DuPont Metribuzin & trifluralin Salute Mobay Metribuzin & metolachlor Turbo Mobay MON-8421 (Acetachlor) Monsanto MON-13280 Monsanto Nicosulfuron Accent DuPont Paraquat Gramoxone Super ICI Pendimethalin Prowl American Cyanamid Primisulfuron Beacon CIBA-Geigy Pyridate Tough Agrolinz Quizalofop Assure DuPont Quizalofop D+ isomer Assure II DuPont Sethoxydim Poast BASF Sethoxydim & adjuvant Poast Plus BASF Sulphosate Touchdown ICI Thifensulfuron methyl Pinnacle DuPont Trifluralin Treflan DowElanco Trifluralin 80DF (GX-217) Trilin GRP Griffin Trifluralin 60DF Trific Terra Trifluralin & clomazone Commence Elanco,FMC Triclopyr Garlon DowElanco Triclopyr & 2,4-D ester (XRM-4715) Crossbow DowElanco Tridiphane Tandem DowElanco UAP-112 United Agri Products UAP-105 United Agri Products V-23031 Valent V-53482 Valent Xllll Trade Name TRADE NAMES OF HERBICIDES Common Name(s) Company AAtrex Accent Ami ben Assure Assure II Banvel Beacon Bl adex Blazer Brominal Bronco Buctril Bullet Butyrac 200 Canopy Classic Cobra Command Commence Crossbow Curtail Dual Eptam Eradicane Eradicane Extra Extrazine II Fusilade 2000 Fusion Gal axy Gramoxone Extra Ignite Laddok Lariat Lasso Lexone Linex Lontrel Lorox Marksman Option Partner Passport Pinnacle Poast Poast Plus Preview Prowl Atrazine Nicosulfuron (DPX-V9360) Chloramben Quizalofop Quizalofop D+ isomer Dicamba Primisulfuron (CGA-136872) Cyanazine Acifluorfen Bromoxynil Glyphosate & alachlor Bromoxynil Alachlor MT & atrazine 2,4-DB dimethyl amine Metribuzin & chlorimuron 6:1 Chlorimuron Lactofen Clomazone Clomazone & trifluralin Triclopyr & 2,4-D Clopyralid & 2,4-D Metolachlor EPTC EPTC & dichlormid EPTC & dichlormid & dietholate Cyanazine & atrazine 3:1 Fluazifop-P Fluazifop-P & fenoxaprop Bentazon & acifluorfen Paraquat HOE-39866 Bentazon & atrazine Alachlor & atrazine Alachlor Metribuzin Linuron Clopyralid Linuron Dicamba & atrazine Fenoxaprop Alachlor 65 WDG Imazethapyr & trifluralin Thifensulfuron methyl Sethoxydim Sethoxydim & adjuvant Metribuzin & chlorimuron 10:1 Pendimethalin CIBA-Geigy DuPont Rhone-Poulenc DuPont DuPont Sandoz CIBA-Geigy DuPont BASF Rhone-Poulenc Monsanto Rhone-Poulenc Monsanto Rhone-Poulenc DuPont DuPont Valent FMC FMC,DowElanco DowElanco DowElanco CIBA-Geigy ICI ICI ICI DuPont ICI ICI BASF ICI Hoechst-Roussel BASF Monsanto Monsanto DuPont Griffin DowElanco DuPont Sandoz Hoechst-Roussel Monsanto American Cyanamid DuPont BASF BASF DuPont American Cyanamid XV TRADE NAMES OF HERBICIDES Trade Name Common Name(s) Company Pursuit Imazethapyr American Cyanamid Pursuit Plus Pendimethalin & imazethapyr American Cyanamid Ref 1 ex Fomesafen ICI Roundup Glyphosate Monsanto Salute Metribuzin & trifluralin Mo bay Savage 2,4-D dimethylamine salt United Agri Products Scepter Imazaquin American Cyanamid Select Clethodim Valent Sencor Metribuzin Mobay Shotgun Atrazine & 2,4-D United Agri Products Sonalan Ethalfluralin DowElanco Squadron Imazaquin & pendimethalin American Cyanamid Stinger Clopyralid DowElanco Storm Bentazon & acifluorfen BASF Sutan+ Butylate & dichlormid ICI Tandem Tridiphane DowElanco Tornado Fluazifop-P & fomesafen ICI Touchdown Sulphosate ICI Tough Pyridate Agrolinz Trific Trifluralin 60DF Terra Tri-Scept Imazaquin & trifluralin American Cyanamid Treflan Trifluralin DowElanco Turbo Metribuzin & alachlor Mobay Verdict Haloxyfop DowElanco Note: Package mix products (consisting of 2 or more active ingredients blended by the manufacturer into one product) are identified with an "&" symbol between the common names of the active ingredients. XVI ■ »■!■■»»■ Abbreviations for Herbicide Common Names The abbreviations listed below have been established by the NCWCC for common names of herbicides, herbicide antidotes, and other herbicide-modifying chemicals for which common names have been assigned. Abbreviations only should be used in tables and figures to save space. Authors are encouraged to spell common names wherever possible and use the full name of each herbicide at least once in each table. When abbreviations are used, they must either conform to this NCWCC approved list or they must be footnoted. Common Name Abbre- Common Name Abbre- Common Name Abbre- viation viation viation Acetochlor Acet Dinoseb 01 no Metsulfuron Mets Aclfluorfen Acif Diphenamld 01 ph Mollnate Moli Alachlor Alac Dithiopyr 01th MSMA MSMA Ametryn Amet Oiquat 01 qu Naphthalic anhydride NA Amitrole Amit Diuron Diur Napropami de Napr Atrazine Atra DSMA DSMA Naptalam Napt Barban Barb Endothall Endo Nlcosulfuron Nico Benefin Bnfn EPTC EPTC Nitrofen Nifn Benazolin Bena Ethalfluralin Etha Norflurazon Norf Bentazon Bent Ethamesulfuron Emsu Oryzallne Oryz Benzofluor Befl Fenoxaprop Fenx Oxadlazon Oxad Benzol yprop Bepr Fl amprop Flam Oxyfluorfen Oxyf Blfenox Blfe Fluazlfop Flfp Paraquat Para Bromacil Brcl Fluazlfop-P Fl fp-P Pendimethalin Pend Bromoxynil Brox Fluorochlorldone Fled Perfluidone Perf Butyl ate Buty Flurazole Flzl Phenmedipham Phen Cacodylic acid Caco Flurtamone Flmn Picloram Picl Chi oramben Clam Fl uroxypyr Flox Primisulfuron Prim ChloHmuron Clim Fomesafen Fome Prometryn Prtr Chloroxuron Clxu Glufosinate Gluf Pronamid Pron Chlorsulfuron Clsu Glyphosate Glyt Propachlor Prcl Clnmethylln Cinm Kalosafen Halo Propanll Prnl Clethodlm Clet Hal oxyf op Halx Propazine Przn Clomazone Clom Hexazinone Heaz Pyrazon Pyzn Cloproxydim Clpx Imazamethabenz Immb Pyrldate Pydt Clopyralid Clpy Imazapyr Impr Quinclorac Quel Cyanazlne Cyan Imazaquln Imqn Quizalofop Qufp Cycl oate Cycl Imazethapyr Imep Sethoxydim Seth Cyometrinll Cyom Isouron Isur Siduron Sidu 2.4-0 2.4-0 Isoxaben I sox Simazine Sima Dalapon Dal a Lactofen Lact Sulfometuron Sume 2.4-0B 2.4-DB Linuron Linu Tebuthiuron Tebu Oesmedipham Desm HAA MAA Terbadl Tecl Dial late Dial HAMA HAHA Thifensulfuron Thif Oicamba Oica MCPA HCPA Terbutryn Tert Dichlobenll Oibl MCPB MCPB Triallate Tr1a Dichlornrid Dcmd Hecoprop Meco Tribenuron Trib Diclofop Dcfp Mefluidide Mefl Triclopyr Trcp Oiethatyl Dtyl Methazole Mezl THdiphane Trid Oietholate Dlat Metolachlor Meto Trifluralln Trlf Oi fenzoquat Dife Metribuzin Metr Vernolate Vern ADDITIONAL RULES New abbreviations will be assigned as new common names are assigned and will be added to the above 11st annually. Package mix products (consisting of 2 or more active ingrdients blended by the manufacturer Into one product) shall be abbreviated by placing the "&" symbol between the abbreviations of the active ingredients. For example, the package mix of phenmedipham plus desmeipham shall be abbreviated " Phen&desnT . The & symbol also shall be employed when desginating the inclusion within a package mix of substances other than the active ingredients (i.e. EPTC plus clhlormid becomes "EPTC&Dmd") . The & symbol shall be avoided for all other uses. Tank mix combinations shall use the + symbol . The / symbol shall be used to indicate a time gap between different treatments applied ot the same plot. For examply: Trifluralin (PPI )/Bentazon(Po) . XV 11 WEED NAMES AND ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Common Name Scientific Name Bucu Bygr Cath Cocb Coch Colq Corw Cosf DaH Dafl Ebns Fapa Gift Girw Gift Howe Omg Jiwe Lacg Pesw Prle Prsi Rrpw Shea Shpu Smgc Smpw Tamg Vele Vema Yeft Burcucumber Barnyardgrass Canada thistle Common cocklebur Common chickweed Common lambsquarters Common ragweed Common sunflower Dandelion . daisy fleabane Eastern black nightshade Fall panicum Giant foxtail Giant ragweed Green foxtail Horseweed Ivyleaf morningglory Jimsonweed Large crabgrass Pennsylvania smartweed Prickly lettuce Prickly sida Redroot pigweed Shattercane Shepherdspurse Smooth groundcherry Smooth pigweed Tall morningglory Velvetleaf Venice mallow Yellow foxtail Sicyos angulatus Echinochloa crus-galli Cirsium arvense Xanthium strumarium Stellaria media Chenopodium album Ambrosia artemisiifolia Helianthus annuus Taraxacum officinale Erigeron sp. Solanum ptveanthum Panicum dichotomiflorum Setaria faberi Ambrosia triflda Setaria viridis Conyza canadensis Ipomoea hederacea Datura stramonium Digitaria sanguinalis Polygonum pensvlvanicum Lactuca serriola Sida spinosa Amaranthus retroflexus Sorghum bicolor Capsella bursa-pastoris Physalis subglabrata Amaranthus hybridus Ipomoea purpurea Abutilon theophrasti Hibiscus trionum Setaria glauca XVlll 252 °*05 58 - - — -~ - - - ■ UWVERSITYOFILUNO.S-URBANA SN5o8!^ed8cIEnceS^ch,noexteN 1991