North Carolina State Library Raleigh A/ NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT William P. Saunders, Director DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist BULLETIN NUMBER 70 UPPER CRETACEOUS OSTRACODA FROM NORTH CAROLINA By Philip Monroe Brown Geologist, United States Geological Survey PREPARED COOPERATIVELY BY THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1957 North Carolina State Library Raleigh H Q NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT William P. Saunders, Director DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Jasper L. Stuckey, State Geologist BULLETIN NUMBER 70 UPPER CRETACEOUS OSTRACODA FROM NORTH CAROLINA By Philip Monroe Brown Geologist, United States Geological Survey PREPARED COOPERATIVELY BY THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1957 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT GOVERNOR LUTHER H. HODGES, Chairman Raleigh MILES J. SMITH, First Vice Chairman Salisbury WALTER J. DAMTOFT, Second Vice Chairman Canton CHARLES S. ALLEN .". Durham W. B. AUSTIN Jefferson F. J. BOLING Siler City H. C. BUCHAN, JR North Wilkesboro SCROOP W. ENLOE, JR Spruce Pine ROBERT M. HANES , Winston-Salem LEO H. HARVEY Kinston CHARLES H. JENKINS Ahoskie AMOS R. KEARNS , High Point CECIL MORRIS Atlantic HUGH M. MORTON % Wilmington W. EUGENE SIMMONS Tarboro T. MAX WATSON Spindale LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Raleigh, North Carolina April 30, 1957 To His Excellency, HONORABLE LUTHER H. HODGES Governor of North Carolina Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith manuscript for publication as Bulletin No. 70, "Upper Cretaceous Ostracoda from North Carolina," by Philip M. Brown. This report is a product of the program on ground-water investigation being carried out by the Department of Conservation and Development in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. It contains information that should be of value in the interpretation of the geology, ground- water resources, and potential mineral deposits of the Upper Cretaceous formations of North Carolina. Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM P. SAUNDERS Director Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/uppercretaceouso1957brow UPPER CRETACEOUS OSTRACODA FROM NORTH CAROLINA By Philip Monroe Brown1 Abstract Fifty-six species of Upper Cretaceous Ostracoda from ten exposures in North Carolina and one exposure in South Carolina are described and illustrated. Twenty-seven of the species are new. The following genera, one of which is new, are represented in the material : Cytherella Jones, Cytherel- loidea Alexander, Bairdia McCoy, Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, Cytheridea (Haplo- cytheridea) Stephenson, Cytheridea (Clithro cytheridea) Stephenson, Alatacythere Murray and Hussey, Brachycythere Alexander, Trachyleberis Brady, Platycythereis Triebel, Protocythere Triebel, Prog- onocythere Sylvester-Bradley, Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) Sars, Cytheropteron (Eocytheropter- on) Alexander, Velarocythere Brown, Cytherideis Jones, Monoceratina Roth, Loxoconcha Sars, Ortho- notacythere Alexander, Cytherura Sars, and Eucytherura Muller. A checklist showing relative abun- dance of specimens in outcrop and denoting the occurrence of species in strata penetrated by water wells is included. 1 Geologist, Ground Water Branch, U. S. Geological Survey, Raleigh, N. C. Introduction This paper is a result of studies undertaken to establish paleontologic control for the subsurface separation of the Upper Cretaceous Black Creek and Peedee formations in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Ground-water investigations had shown the two formations to be major aquifers and distinct hydrologic units, but their lithologic similarity precludes their visual separation in well cuttings. The Ostracoda were chosen as the paleontologic control because of their apparent tolerance to variable environmental changes, re- sulting in a wide distribution of species in vari- able lithofacies over relatively wide geographic areas. All species described in this paper are from outcrops of Cretaceous sediments. A checklist (fig. 2) notes species that have been recognized in well cuttings. Information relative to the occurrence of the species in the subsurface is taken from a re- port by the writer entitled, "Well logs from the North Carolina Coastal Plain," which is to be published by the Division of Mineral Resources of the North Carolina Department of Conserva- tion and Development after the publication of this report. This investigation was made by the United States Geological Survey in financial cooperation with the North Carolina Division of Mineral Re- sources. The work was done under the general supervision of A. N. Sayre, Chief, Ground Water Branch, U. S. Geological Survey, and J. L. Stuckey, State Geologist of North Carolina, and under the immediate supervision of H. E. Le- Grand, district geologist of the Ground Water Branch for North Carolina. Acknowledgments Appreciation is expressed to Mr. H. E. Le- Grand who has given freely of his time and of his extensive knowledge of the Cretaceous deposits of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and who has encour- aged the writer to undertake this problem. Dr. Landis Bennett, Visual Aids Department, North Carolina State College, acted as technical advisor on photography. Professor F. M. Swain, Univer- sity of Minnesota, Professor Walter Wheeler, Uni- versity of North Carolina, and Mr. I. G. Sohn, U. S. Geological Survey, offered many helpful sug- gestions during the preparation of the manuscript. Previous Work The only previous work dealing with Mesozoic Ostracoda in North Carolina is that of Swain (1952), who described and illustrated 47 species from two deep oil tests in the State. Other sources containing information concerning Mesozoic Os- tracoda from the Atlantic Coastal Plain are papers by Berry (1925), Coryell and others (1935), Jen- nings (1936), Schmidt (1948), and Swain (1948). Mesozoic Ostracoda from Upper Cretaceous equiv- alents of the Gulf Coastal Plain have been the subject of a more intensive study. Stratigraphy As presently recognized, the outcropping Upper Cretaceous formations of the North Carolina Coastal Plain are, in ascending order, the Tusca- loosa, Black Creek, and Peedee formations. Ac- cording to present information, the Tuscaloosa formation contains no marine fossils in outcrop, but beds mapped as the Tuscaloosa formation in the subsurface contain a fauna of Eagle Ford and Woodbine age (Spangler, p. 116). The Tuscaloosa formation is unconformably overlain by the Black Creek formation. The Black Creek formation con- sists of a lower, unnamed member and an upper member, the Snow Hill marl member. On the basis of lithology and stratigraphic position, the lower member of the Black Creek formation at the sur- face is considered to be the shoreward extension of beds equivalent to those of Austin or Taylor age in the subsurface. The upper member, the Snow Hill marl member, is of Taylor age, the correlation being based on the presence of Exogy- ra yonder osa in outcropping sections (Stephen- son, 1923, p. 48). The Peedee formation overlies the Black Creek formation conformably. In North Carolina the Peedee formation includes the Ex- ogyra costata zone and the Exogyra cancellata subzone of Stephenson and is correlated with the Navarro formation and its equivalents of the Gulf Coast (Stephenson, 1923, p. 51). The fauna described in this paper was obtained from exposures of the Snow Hill marl member of the Black Creek formation and from the Peedee formation. Zonation of the two units by means of the ostracodes seems practical but was not under- taken at this time because the subsurface hydro- logic boundaries, which the writer was seeking to establish, are formational rather than intrafor- mational in nature. Lithologic Character of Snow Hill Marl Member of Black Creek Formation and Peedee Formation In surface exposures the Snow Hill marl mem- ber consists of black to gray laminated sandy clay and interbedded sand, with varying amounts of fine-grained glauconite, marcasite aggregates, and black lignitized wood fragments. Most of the macrofossils consist of poorly preserved casts and molds, no calcareous shell material remaining. Lo- cally, however, calcareous shell material has been preserved in a sandy clay matrix, and forms a drab-gray marl which reflects varying degrees of induration. The Peedee formation exhibits a vari- able lithology in outcrop. In the southern part of the State it most nearly resembles the Snow Hill marl member lithologically, and it is very difficult to separate the two even where they occur in the same section. Along the strike to the northeast, in Lenoir, Pitt, and Greene Counties, the Peedee is composed of gray to green medium- to coarse- grained glauconitic sand in a clay matrix contain- ing varying amounts of calcareous shell material. Indurated beds composed mainly of the valves of Exogyra costata Say and Exogyra cancellata Ste- phenson form prominent ledges along many of the streams. Collecting Localities Localities from which ostracodes were obtained are shown on the accompanying map, figure 1. The locality designated as the type locality for the Snow Hill marl member was described by Kerr, in 1875, as being at Snow Hill along Contentnea Creek. This was the locality from which Conrad, in 1871, collected and described numerous fossils. However, there are no good exposures of fossilif- erous material along the stream at Snow Hill. The writer has walked out a considerable section of the stream during periods of extremely low flow, and the first section that contains any identifiable fossils is 1.7 miles downstream from the town of Snow Hill. This section, consisting of prominent bluffs along both sides of the creek, contains a drab-gray to black shell marl as much as eight feet thick which is exposed intermittently along both sides of the stream for several miles. This locality generally conforms with Kerr's descrip- tion of the marl beds along Contentnea Creek at Snow Hill. Therefore, for the purpose of this paper, and as a matter of record, locality J, 1.7 miles downstream from the town of Snow Hill, is designated as the reference locality of the Snow Hill marl member of the Black Creek formation. (Thickness of exposed sections varies, as it is dependent upon seasonal water levels in bordering streams). Outcrops of the Peedee formation Locality A — Scuffleton, Pitt County, N. C, on the farm of E. H. Rogers, 0.7 mile north of Scuf- fleton on N. C. Route 102, about 16 feet of the Peedee formation occurs in a bluff on the east bank of Little Contentnea Creek. The following section of the Peedee was observed by the writer : Feet 1 Indurated shell bed, composed mainly of the valves of Exogyra costata. Ostracoda and Foraminifera common. 4 Grayish-green poorly-sorted glauconitic sand, partially indurated. Ostracoda and Foraminifera common. 8 Drab-gray arenaceous, micaceous clay, sparsely glauconitic. Ostracoda and Fora- minifera abundant. 1 Indurated shell bed, conglomeratic; valves of Exogyra costata and Exogyra cancellata predominate. Ostracoda and Foraminifera rare. 2 Black marl; lignitized wood fragments prominent. Ostracoda and Foraminifera abundant. Locality B — Bladen County, N. C, Cape Fear River. On the west bank of the Cape Fear River 100 feet downstream from the bridge crossing, which is V/-2 airline miles downstream from U. S. Lock No. 1 at Kings Bluff, the following section of the Peedee was sampled by H. E. LeGrand and the writer : Feet 1 Gray indurated shell bed composed of the valves of Exogyra costata. Ostracoda and Foraminifera very rare. 3 Black waxy arenaceous clay containing numerous broken shell fragments. Ostra- coda and Foraminifera abundant. 1 Gray indurated shell bed extending to river level. No recovery of microfossils. Locality C — Kinston, Lenoir County, N. C, Neuse River. On the north bank of the Neuse River 0.54 mile west of Kinston on U. S. Route 70 and opposite the Caswell Training School, the following section of the Peedee was observed by H. E. LeGrand and the writer : Feet 2 Grayish-green glauconitic sand and clay, partially indurated. Ostracoda and Fora- minifera common. 5 Drab-gray to black arenaceous clay con- taining abundant shells and shell frag- ments. Ostracoda and Foraminifera abun- dant. 2 Gray indurated shell bed. Ostracoda and Foraminifera common. Locality D — Wilmington, New Hanover County, N. C, Northeast Cape Fear River. At Hilton Park in Wilmington at a point on the east bank of the river at the Wilmington Waterworks plant, the following section of the Peedee was observed by H. E. LeGrand and the writer: Feet 12 Gray glauconitic, micaceous clays; mas- sive in the upper third, becoming more arenaceous in the middle and lower thirds. Brcken shell fragments prominent, par- tially indurated near the base which is cov- ered at high tide. Ostracoda and Foramin- ifera common to rare. I Cumberland ' Sampson A Hoke v ( \ ^ Scotland f \ 1 \ / A Peedee localities A Block Creek localities Scale 0 10 20 Miles Figure 1. — Upper Cretaceous localities from which Ostracoda are listed. 5a Locality E — Sarecta, Duplin County, N. C. In the north side of a roadcut, one-fourth mile west of Sarecta and 400 yards east of the bridge across the Northeast Cape Fear River, the following section of the Peedee was observed by H. E. Le- Grand and the writer : Feet 7 Drab-black to gray arenaceous clays con- taining many fine shell fragments and sharks teeth. Ostracoda and Foraminifera abundant. Locality F — Carvers, Bladen County, N. C, Cape Fear River. On the Walter Johnson farm, west bank of the Cape Fear River between mile- posts 48 and 49, the following section of the Pee- dee was observed by H. E. LeGrand and the writ- er in a steep ravine in front of the farm house, an estimated 15 feet above normal river level : Feet 11 • Drab-black to gray massive clays, more arenaceous in the upper third. Ostracoda and Foraminifera abundant. 2 Interbedded sands and clays, partially in- durated. Exogyra costata common, broken shell fragments abundant. Ostracoda and Foraminifera common. Outcrops of the Snow Hill marl member of the Black Creek formation Locality G — Greenville, Pitt County, N. C, Tar River, U.S.G.S. locality nos. 4144 and 5347. At Blue Banks Landing on the south bank of the Tar River seven miles upstream from Greenville, the following section of the Black Creek was observed in a steep bluff by H. E. LeGrand and the writer: Feet 16 Grayish-green to black micaceous, arena- ceous, laminated clays. Lignitized wood and plant remains prominent. The lower two feet of the section approaches a marl, containing Exogyra ponderosa and many large shells. Ostracoda and Foraminifera in the upper third of the section are gen- erally recrystallized with small globules of pure calcite affixed to the shells. Ostracoda in the lower two-thirds of the section are abundant. Foraminifera are less common. Locality H — Lenoir County, N. C, Neuse River, U.S.G.S. locality nos. 4160 and 5353. At Auger Hole Landing, milepost 73, 0.5 mile downstream from the Wayne County line, on the north bank of the Neuse River the following section of the Black Creek was observed by H. E. LeGrand and the writer : Feet 7 Dark-gray to black interbedded, lenticular sands and clays, slightly indurated at the base. Macrofossils consist 'of poorly pre- served casts and molds. No microfossils were recovered from the exposed section. Ostracoda listed from this locality were obtained from a 15 foot auger hole sample. The auger hole was located 100 feet from the river bank. Locality I — Strabane, Lenoir County, N. C, Neuse River. At One Dram Landing, 0.2 mile downstream from the mouth of Bear Creek, on the north bank of the Neuse River, one-half mile upstream from the bridge, which is 1.7 miles north of Strabane, N. C, the following section of the Black Creek was observed by H. E. LeGrand and the writer : Feet 3 Black clay-marl with thin interbedded sandy layers, finely glauconitic. No micro- fossils. 2 Indurated shell bed projecting out into the river about 15 feet. No microfossils. The Ostracoda listed from this locality were obtained from a 9-foot auger hole sample. The auger hole was located 25 feet from the river bank. Locality J — Snow Hill, Greene County, N. C, Contentnea Creek. On the farm of L. C. Daniels, 1.7 miles downstream from Snow Hill, N. C, the following section of the Black Creek was observed by the writer on the east bank of Contentnea Creek : Feet 1.5 Rusty, iron-stained coarse sand, partially indurated and containing fossils as casts and molds. No microfossils. 8 Gray to black clay-marl containing abun- dant but fragile macrofossils. Exogyra ponderosa is in the lower five feet of this interval. Ostracoda and Foraminifera com- mon in the lower three feet of this interval. Locality K — Mullins, Marion County, S. C, Pee Dee River tributary, U.S.G.S. locality no. 5372. Three miles south-southeast of Mullins at an old mill site known as Hodges Mill on the west bank of an unnamed tributary of the Pee Dee River the following section of the Black Creek was observed by H. E. LeGrand and the writer : Feet 3 Black-thinly laminated interbedded sand and clay. No microfossils. 4 Black clay-marl containing numerous broken shell fragments. Ostracoda and Foraminifera rare. Systematic Descriptions Order Ostracoda Latreille, 1802 Suborder Platycopa Sars, 1866 Family Cytherellidae Sars, 1866 Genus Cytherella Jones, 1849 Cytherella bullata Alexander Plate 1, Figures 6, 7 Cytherella obesa Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 51, pi. 1, figs. 3, 6. (Non. Cytherella obesa Jones, Kirkby, and Brady, 1884) Cytherella austinensis Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 51, pi. 2, figs. 4, 6. Cytherella bullata Alexander, 1931, Jour. Paleon- tology, vol. 6, p. 101. Alexander, 1932, Amer. Mid. Naturalist, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 305, pi. 28, figs. 3, 4. Cytherella cf. C. obesa Alexander. Swain, 1952, Ostracoda from wells in North Carolina, Pt. 2, Mesozoic Ostracoda: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 68, pi. 8, fig. 2. Shell subovate in lateral view; greatest height median; dorsal margin convex; ventral margin weakly convex ; anterior margin broadly rounded, slightly compressed ; posterior margin less broad- ly rounded. Right valve larger and overlapping around entire margin, least overlap at posterior ventral margin. Surface of right valve smooth. Anterior margin of left valve bears a weak rim more pronounced medially and ventrally, surface otherwise smooth. Dimensions: Fig. 7: length 0.68 mm; height 0.39 mm; biconvexity 0.21 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek only, localities G and J. U.S.N.M. 128887, 128888. Cytherella ovata (Roemer) Plate 1, Figure 12 Cytherina ovata Roemer, 1840, Verstein nord- deutsch. Kreidegeb, p. 104, pi. 16, fig. 21. Cytherella ovata Jones, 1849, Monogr. Cret. Ento- mostraca England, Palaeontographical Soc, London, p. 28, pi. 7, figs. 24a-i. Jones and Hinde, 1890, Suppl. Monogr. Cret. Entomostraca England and Ireland: Palaeon- tographical Soc, London, p. 44, pi. 3, figs. 48-54. pi. 4, fig. 39. Cytherella obovata Jones and Hinde, 1890, Suppl. Monogr. Cret. Entomostraca England and Ire- land: Palaeontographical Soc, London, p. 46, pi. 3, figs. 46, 47. Cytherella navarroensis Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 53, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. Swain, 1952, Ostracoda from wells in North Carolina, pt. 2, Mesozoic Ostracoda, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 68, pi. 8, fig. 1, Cytherella moremani Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 53, pi. 1, figs. 4, 5. Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 1. Cytherella ovata (Roemer) Alexander, 1932, Amer. Mid. Naturalist, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 307, pi. 28, figs. 1, 2. (Non. C. ovata Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 47, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2) Dimensions: Fig. 12: length 0.78 mm; height 0.49 mm; biconvexity 0.32 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, D ( ?) , and F. U.S.N.M. 128889. Remarks: Swain (1952, p. 68) has recently de- scribed the species. Cytherella tuberculifera Alexander Plate 1, Figures 3-5 Cytherella tuberculifera Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 52, pi. 2, fig. 3. Shell subovate-elongate in lateral view; great- est height median ; dorsal margin convex, strong- est posteriorly; ventral margin very weakly con- vex; anterior margin strongly rounded, greatest ventrally ; posterior margin of left valve smoothly North Carolina Stale Library Rafei^fo rounded, that of right valve strongly rounded and drawn out into median bulbous extension, trun- cated. Right valve larger and overlapping left valve, greatest anteriorly and dorsally. Surface smooth. Internal features not observed. Dimensions : Fig. 3 : length 0.87 mm ; height 0.44 mm; biconvexity 0.33 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A and E. U.S.N.M. 128890, 128891, 128892. Remarks : The bulbous posterior extension of the right valve serves to readily distinguish this species. Cytherella herricki Brown, n. sp. Plate 1, Figures 8-11 Shell subovate-elongate in lateral view; great- est height slightly anterad of median ; dorsal mar- gin moderately convex; ventral margin straight; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded ; pos- terior margin rounded. Right valve larger than left, overlapping around entire periphery, great- est anterad dorsally. Surface finely punctate, coarser medially, with a faint "crescent-shaped" median sulcus extend- ing from just inside dorsal margin to center of valve; anterior margin of left valve bears a fine sharp rim below, more pronounced medially.- In- terior of valves deep posteriorly and showing a smooth ridge marking position of median sulcus, otherwise smooth. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.74 mm ; height 0.42 mm; biconvexity 0.25 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, C, and F. U.S.N.M. 128893, 128894, 128895, 128896. Remarks: The punctate surface and median sulcus serves to readily distinguish this species. Specimens which bear a slightly extended and inflated posterior area in the right valve and a very faint anterior swelling ventrally in the left valve probably represent female dimorphs. Named for Dr. Stephen Herrick, U. S. Geological Survey. Cytherella sp. Plate 1, Figures 1, 2 Ovate valves of Cytherella occur frequently in many of the Peedee outcrops. They are generally short in relation to width and contain a faint ill- defined depression dorso-medially. No attempt was made to further identify these specimens as no complete carapaces showing overlap relation- ships were present in the material examined. Dimensions : Fig. 1 : length 0.85 mm ; height 0.53 mm; convexity 0.13 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, D, and E. U.S.N.M. 128897, 128898. Remarks : Common in subsurface Peedee (upper part). Genus Cytherelloidea Alexander, 1929 Cytherelloidea swaini Brown, n. sp. Plate 1, Figures 16-19 Shell short, quadrate in side view ; dorsal mar- gin slightly convex, sinuous ; ventral margin straight ; anterior margin broadly rounded ; pos- terior margin more narrowly rounded. Right valve larger and overlapping left, greatest at an- terior dorsal angle. Anterior margin with broad sloping rim and subjacent depression posterad; sharp ventral rim, connected with anterior rim at anterior ventral angle, forms ventral margin passing posterad into large high tubercle located at posterior ventral angle; a second large high tubercle lies at pos- terior dorsal angle ; a bulbous dorsal ridge rises postjacent to and slightly forward of the an- terior dorsal angle, curves gently towards the an- terior dorsal angle, and forms the dorsal margin passing posterad into the dorsal tubercle. There is a deep subcentral depression. Touching the ventral margin, medially, is a thick bulbous ridge, anterad rising upward and passing into the ante- rior third of the valve, posterad rising upward and passing into posterior third of valve just short of the ventral tubercle. A short rim along the posterior margin connects dorsal and ventral tubercles. Interior of valves, rugose, deep pos- teriorly. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.58 mm ; height 0.36 mm; biconvexity 0.22 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, D, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128899, 128900, 128901. Remarks : This species which can be distin- guished by the large posterior tubercles and slop- ing anterior rim is an excellent guide fossil for the Peedee formation. Named for Professor Fred- erick M. Swain, University of Minnesota. Cytherelloidea (?) cuneiforma Brown, n. sp. Plate 1, Figures 13-15 Carapace in lateral view, oblong-subovate ; dor- sal margin straight, slightly arched in posterior third ; ventral margin straight to weakly concave medially; anterior margin broadly and .evenly rounded, weakly rimmed below ; posterior margin less broadly rounded ; right valve larger than left around entire periphery, more pronounced dor- sally and ventrally; widest post-medially, highest in posterior fourth. Medially, the valves show a system of clearly denned, closely spaced, wedge-shaped furrows out- lined by fine subdued ridges which show a sub- parallel to anastomosing arrangement; anterior and posterior thirds smooth, surface glassy. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.63 mm ; height 0.35 mm; biconvexity 0.18 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, C, and F. U.S.N.M. 128902, 128903, 128904. Remarks: The outline, valve overlap, faint an- terior rim and internal features of this species are suggestive of the genera Cytherella Jones and Cytherelloidea Alexander. Because of the median surface sculpture which resembles arachaic wedge-shaped writing the specimens are believed to be closer to Cytherelloidea Alexander and are provisionally placed in that genus. Cytherelloidea sohni Brown, n. sp. Plate 2, Figures 1-3 Shell in side view, subquadrate ; dorsal margin sinuate, convex medially ; ventral margin straight, slightly concave medially ; anterior margin broad- ly rounded ; posterior margin rounded. Anterior, ventral, and posterior margins sharp- ly rimmed by a continuous connecting ridge rising at anterior dorsal angle. At posterior dorsal angle the ridge swings gently inward subparallel to the dorsal margin, terminating below the anterior dorsal angle and outlining, dorsally, a shallow sub- central pit. Between the pit and ventral margin are two short ridges, slightly concave upward, and merging at their ends into the posterior and an- terior-third of the valves. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.57 mm ; height 0.29 mm; biconvexity 0.19 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, C, and E. U.S.N.M. 128905, 128906, 128907. Remarks : This species which has not been rec- ognized in well cuttings south of the Neuse River seems to be an excellent subsurface guide in the northeastern part of the State. Named for I. Greg- ory Sohn, U. S. Geological Survey. Cytherelloidea greenensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 1, Figures 22, 23, 26, 29 Carapace in lateral view, oblong-ovate; dorsal margin straight to weakly convex; ventral mar- gin straight; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded ; posterior margin less broadly rounded. Anterior margin with well-defined rim ; ventral margin less strongly rimmed ; above posterior mar- gin and parallel to it are prominent well-defined dorsal and ventral tubercles connected by a short sharp ridge ; a sharp ridge extends from the ven- tral tubercle, anteriorly, parallel to and above the ventral margin, terminating sharply in flat ante- rior third of the carapace; a short ridge, subja- cent to the dorsal margin, extends from the dorsal tubercle terminating behind and above a shallow subcentral pit ; subcentral pit outlined above by a short sharp ridge parallel to the dorsal margin. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.57 mm ; height 0.31 mm; biconvexity 0.18 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, C, and E. U.S.N.M. 128908, 128909, 128910. Remarks : The shape, wide-spacing of the pos- terior tubercles and arrangement of the ridges distinguishes this species from C. sivaini and C. andrewsi, n. sp.'s. Cytherelloidea andrewsi Brown, n. sp. Plate 1, Figures 24, 27, 28 Carapace small, subovate in lateral view; dor- sal margin gently arched ; ventral margin straight, slightly concave medially ; anterior margin broad- ly and evenly rounded ; posterior margin more narrowly rounded than anterior. Right valve larger than left, overlap greatest along dorsum. Marginal rim commencing at antero-dorsal junction follows anterior, ventral and posterior margins, posterad of dorsum, medially, the ridge curves inward and around a deep subcentral pit, becomes slightly sinuous beneath the subcentral pit, and terminates just short of the marginal rim at the postero-dorsal junction; a second promi- nent ridge, separated from the subcentral pit by a prominent elongate depression, rises in anterior third, parallels the ventral margin and curves up- ward posteriorly to terminate just short of the posterior rim medially. The subcentral pit con- tains a weak ridge giving the pit the appearance of being subequally divided. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.52 mm ; height 0.31 mm ; biconvexity 0.20 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, C, and E. U.S.N.M. 128911, 128912, 128913. Remarks : This species is named for Dr. T. G. 9 Andrews former head of the geology department, University of Alabama. Cytherelloidea inflata Brown, n. sp. Plate 1, Figures 20, 21, 25 Carapace small, ovate in lateral view; inflated anteriorly, more so posteriorly; dorsal margin weakly arched ; ventral margin straight ; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded ; posterior margin gently rounded dorsally, angulate ven- trally. Anterior and ventral margins with well devel- oped rims. Posterior fourth, with a steep slope to the posterior margin, is surmounted by ill-defined, weakly connected, dorsal and ventral tubercles ; a strong ridge above and parallel to the ventral margin extends from the ventral tubercle ante- riorly, and terminates submedially in the anterior third of the carapace. A short ridge extends me- dially from the dorsal tubercle and terminates just short of a prominent subcentral pit. A second bulbous ridge extends from the dorsal tubercle, extends parallel to and above the dorsal margin, swings inward at the antero-dorsal junction and terminates in inflated anterior third. A short ill- defined ridge, extending from the inflated anterior third, outlines the subcentral pit below. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.50 mm ; height 0.32 mm; biconvexity 0.21 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, C, and E. U.S.N.M. 128914, 128915, 128916. Remarks: This species bears superficial resem- blance to C. stvaini Brown but can be separated on the basis of its longer and continuous ventral ridge, posterior slope and less well-defined tu- bercles. Suborder Podocopa Sars, 1866 Family Bairdiidae Sars, 1888 Genus Bairdia McCoy, 1844 Bairdia pittensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 3, Figures 1-3 Carapace small, subquadrate in lateral view; highest medially ; hinge margin straight medially, broadly obtuse at cardinal angles ; ventral margin straight to sinuous; anterior margin obtusely rounded and extended; posterior margin acumi- nate and extended below. Left valve larger than right, overlapping, greatest overlap along pos- tero-dorsal slope. Surface of valves strongly and finely pitted. The internal features, showing the lack of hinge denticulations on the dorsal slopes place this spe- cies in the genus Bairdia McCoy. The muscle scar consists of a long lateral scar below which are four parallel offset scars two on each side of a circular area and below which is a sixth large scar parallel to the topmost lateral scar. Interior of the valves are coarsely punctate. Inner margin and line of concrescence widely separated at an- terior and posterior extremities. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.64 mm ; height 0.31 mm ; biconvexity 0.24 mm. The two valves of the holotype were separated after being measured. Occurrence: Peedee only, locality A. U.S.N.M. 128917. Remarks : This species most closely resembles Bairdia fortificata Brady from Tertiary and Re- cent sediments. It can be separated from that spe- cies by its more discretely punctate surface, nar- rower posterior margin and smaller size. Two complete carapaces and a left valve were the only specimens obtained at the outcrop. However, be- cause of its unique appearance and its occurrence in several wells it has been described and figured. Genus Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, 1935 Bairdoppilata pondera Jennings Plate 3, Figures 4, 7, 8 Bairdoppilata pondera Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 45, pi. 6, fig. 9. Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 408, pi. 61, figs. 21, 22. Swain, 1952, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 71, pi. 8, figs. 8-12. Dimensions: Fig. 7: length 1.18 mm; height 0.75 mm; biconvexity 0.52 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128918, 128919, 128920. Remarks: Swain (1952, p. 72) has recently de- scribed the species and listed its occurrence in North Carolina well samples as Black Creek and lower. During the present study of outcrop and well samples the species has not been recognized in sediments older than the Peedee formation. Bairdoppilata postextensa (Swain) Plate 3, Figures 5, 6, 9 Bairdia postextensa Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines and Water Res., Bull. 2, p. 193, pi. 12, fig. 10. Carapace subtriangular in side view; greatest 10 height slightly anterad of median ; dorsal margin strongly arched ; ventral margin convex ; anterior margin evenly rounded, slightly extended ; pos- terior margin angulate, obtuse. Left valve larger and overlaps right valve along all margins, overlap most pronounced mid ven- trally. Surface smooth and glassy. Fine denticu- lations on the selvage along anterior and posterior dorsal slopes. Muscle scars not observed. Dimensions: Fig. 6: length 1.10 mm; height 0.62 mm; biconvexity 0.43 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only in outcrop. Swain (1948, p. 193) lists the species from an Eocene interval in the Hammond well. The species has been recognized in water wells from intervals designated as middle and lower Eocene during the present study. Localities A and C. U.S.N.M. 128921, 128922, 128923. Remarks : This species which occurs with Bair- doppilata pondera Jennings can be most easily distinguished from that species by the larger ratio of length to height and the more pronounced ex- tension of the posterior third of the carapace of B. postextensa. Swain (1948, p. 189) lists the species as occurring in the Eocene interval in the Hammond well at a depth of 1320-1330 feet. Family Cytheridae Baird, 1850 The family Cytheridae has been subjected to recent revision by Sylvester-Bradley (1948, p. 794). S-Bradley erected the family Trachyleber- idae to include the genera Trachyleberis Brady and Platycythereis Triebel — genera that are dis- cussed in this paper. Swain (1951, p. 17, 18) and Puri (1953, p. 172, 173) have discussed the re- vision and questioned the validity of the Trachy- leberidae as defined by S-Bradley (1948, p. 793). The present writer feels that a more adequate generic definition of Trachyleberis Brady should preclude its being placed in a new family, and in this paper Trachyleberis Brady is left in the Cytheridae. Genus Brachycythere Alexander, 1933 Brachycythere sphenoides (Reuss) Plate 4, Figure 16 Cythere sphenoides Reuss, 1854, Denschr. K. Akad. Wissen. Wien, vol. 7, p. 141, pi. 26, fig. 2. Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 81, pi. 7, figs. 9, 14. Cytheropteron sphenoides (Reuss), Jones and Hinde, 1889, Suppl. Monogr. Cret. Entom. Eng- land, Ireland, Palaeontographical Soc. London, p. 33, pi. 1, figs. 18-20. Cytheropteron sp. B., Israelsky, 1929, Arkansas Geol. Survey, Bull. 2, p. 8, pi. 1A, figs. 2a-c. Brachycythere sphenoides (Reuss), Alexander, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 205, pi. 25, figs. 3a-c, 14a, b ; pi. 26, figs. 7a, b ; pi. 27, fig. 19. Brachycythere sphenoides (Reuss) , Swain, 1952, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 80, pi. 8, figs. 42, 43. Dimensions : Fig. 16 : length 0.90 mm ; height 0.54 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek only, localities G, H, I, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 128924. Remarks : The external features of this species have recently been described by Swain (1952, p. 80). However, specimens from outcrop sections differ slightly but consistently in having one or more fine ridges on the ventral surface. In addi- tion, well preserved specimens have fine spines along the antero-ventral and postero-ventral mar- gins. Brachycythere rhomhoidalis (Berry) Plate 4, Figures 5, 8, 9, 10 Cythere rhomboidalis Berry 1925, Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 9, p. 481, figs. 1, 2. Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 86, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2. Brachycythere rhomboidalis (Berry) Alexander, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 206. Brachycythere jerseyensis Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 48, pi. 6, figs. 14a-b. Brachycythere rhomboidalis (Berry) Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 414, pi. 62, figs. 8-10. Dimensions : Fig. 8 : length 0.95 mm ; height 0.47 mm; biconvexity 0.52 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, D, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128925, 128926, 128927, 128928. Remarks : In outline and in the possession of a deep postjacent furrow at the anterior cardinal angle these specimens resemble Brachycythere sphenoides (Reuss). The present specimens show great variation in the strength of the ventro- 11 lateral punctate ridge. In both male and female dimorphs the ridge may be sharply truncate pos- teriorly or may merge gently into the posterior third of the valve. Striations on the ventral sur- face vary from strong to weak, generally being more pronounced on the shorter tumid females. Schmidt (1948, p. 414) has recently described the species. Br achy cy there nausiformis Swain Plate 4, Figures 3, 4 Br achy cy there nausiformis Swain, 1952, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 80, pi. 8, figs. 44-47. The external features of this species were ade- quately described by Swain (1952, p. 80). Hinge of right valve consists of a high pointed tooth and postjacent socket; attached is a finely crenulate bar, thicker anterad, extending to a weakly notched, elongate posterior tooth project- ing high on the dorsal margin. Hinge of left valve consists of an anterior socket and postjacent high pointed tooth ; attached is a finely crenulate bar. thicker anterad, extending to a weakly crenulate socket. Anterior tooth and crenulate bar are sep- arated from the dorsal margin by a depressed furrow, widest anterad and merging into crenu- late socket posterad. Line of concrescence and inner margin coincide. Anterior marginal pore canals, about 34 in number, finely bifurcated. Pos- terior marginal pore canals, 12 in number, straight and slightly coarser than anterior ca- nals. Deep muscle pit located anterior median- third of valve. Dimensions: Fig. 3: length 1.02 mm; height 0.52 mm; convexity 0.24 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek only. Swain lists the occurrence in beds of Black Creek ( ?) and Eutaw (?) age. Localities G, H, I, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 128929, 128930. Brachycythere plena Alexander, 1934 Plate 4, Figure 7 Brachycythere plena Alexander, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 216-217, pi. 33, fig. 6. Murray and Hussey, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 16, p. 176, pi. 27, figs. 2, 5, 6, text fig. 2, figs. 3, 7. Kline, 1943, Mississippi Geol. Survey, Bull. 53, p. 67-68, pi. 8, fig. 3. Van den Bold, 1946, Cont. Study Ostracoda, p. 108, pi. 13, figs. 4-5. Harris and Jobe, 1951, Microfauna Midway Ark., p. 71, pi. 12, fig. 6. Munsey, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 27, p. 11, pi. 3, figs. 17-21. Dimensions: Fig. 7: length 1.06 mm; height 0.53 mm; convexity 0.30 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only at surface. Peedee and unnamed Paleocene units in the subsurface. Lo- calities A and E. U.S.N.M. 128931. Remarks : The species has been adequately de- scribed by Alexander (1934, p. 216-217). The present specimens show the strength of the ven- trolateral ridge and "crescent-shaped" sulcus to be variable within narrow limits. In addition, our specimens show a tendency toward a faintly wrinkled or reticulate midportion adjacent to the ventro-lateral ridge. Brachycythere ledaforma (Israelsky) Plate 4, Figure 6 Cytheropteron ledaforma Israelsky, 1929, Ar- kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 2, p. 8, pi. 1A, figs. 5-7. Cythere acutocaudata Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 87, pi. 7, figs. 5, 6. Br achy cy thence ledaforma (Israelsky) Alexan- der, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 206, pi. 25, fig. 9 ; pi. 27, fig. 20. Brachycythere ledaforma (Israelsky) Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 49, pi. 6, fig. 15. Shell in side view, subtriangular ; widest at an- terior cardinal angle ; dorsal margin strongly arched, straight along hinge; ventral margin straight, slightly incised at antero-ventral junc- tion ; anterior margin broadly and obliquely rounded; posterior margin, compressed, triangu- lar, with acute postero-ventral angle. Midportion strongly inflated, alate, and sharply truncate along venter ; right valve with a short ridge sur- mounting ala; left valve more tumid, without ridge ; a well defined furrow separates the anterior fourth from the tumid midportion, terminating dorsally, posterad of a subdued eye tubercle at the anterior cardinal angle. Surface variable, smooth to finely reticulate or punctate medially; venter with about six fine ridges or striations ; a short spine present at acute posterior angle. In- ternal features those of the genus. Dimensions: Fig. 6: length 0.64 mm; height 0.26 mm. 12 Occurrence: Peedee and Black Creek, localities A, B, G, H, I; J, and K. U.S.N.M. 128932. Remarks: The present specimens are variable in surface sculpture medially. In general outline and other features they resemble B. ledaforma (Israelsky). The writer considers that the minor differences shown by the present specimens are not sufficient to permit differentiation from B. ledaforma (Israelsky). Brachycythere raleighensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 4, Figures 11-13 Shell in side view, ovate, subtriangular ; dorsal margin strongly arched, nearly straight along the hinge line; ventral margin straight; anterior margin obliquely rounded, posterior margin com- pressed, triangular with subacute postero-ventral angle; left valve larger than right, most pro- nounced medio-dorsally. Anterior margin ventrally, with about five short spines ; posterior extremity with one or two short incipient spines. Inflated midportion reticulate, coarse puncta arranged subconcentrically. Venter with about six rows of pits parallel to the margin and separated by five ridges. Anterior furrow as in B. ledaforma. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.62 mm ; height 0.32 mm; biconvexity 0.33 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A and F. U.S.N.M. 128933, 128934, 128935. Remarks: This species bears a strong relation- ship to B. ledaforma (Israelsky) and seems to be intermediate between that species and B. fora- minosa Alexander from the Paleocene. Genus Alatacythere Murray and Hussey, 1942 Alatacythere alata atlantica (Schmidt) Plate 4, Figures 1, 2 Brachycythere alata atlantica Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 415, pi. 61, figs. 23-24. Carapace large in side view; left valve larger and overlaps right valve along middle dorsal mar- gin ; dorsal margin weakly concave, strongest an- terad ; ventral margin slightly sinuous ; anterior margin broadly rounded, ventral and median thirds rimmed, with double row of about nine plate-like spines ; posterior margin evenly round- ed, subcaudate, with about six long plate-like spines, strongest ventrally. Exterior smooth, translucent. Strong ala and projecting spines along ventral lateral edge. Well developed plate-like spine on posterior alial slope. Hingement, musculature, and radial pore canals typical of the genus. Dimensions : Fig. 1 : length 0.96 mm ; height 0.51 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A and C. U.S.N.M. 128936, 128937. Remarks: The writer considers the genus Ala- tacythere Murray and Hussey to be valid for those species that exhibit the hingement of the geno- type, Alatacythere ivani (Howe and Law). Genus Trachyleberis Brady, 1898 Trachyleberis bassleri (Ulrich) Plate 7, Figures 10-14 Cythereis bassleri Ulrich, 1901, Maryland Geol. Survey, Eocene, p. 120, pi. 16, figs. 19-21. Weller, 1907, Geol. Survey New Jersey, vol. 4, p. 843, pi. 110, figs. 1-3. ? Cushman, 1925, Bull. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, vol. 9, p. 302, pi. 8, figs. 3a-c. Alexander, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 219-220. Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 51, pi. 7, figs. la-b. ? Van den Bold, 1946, Cont. Study Ostracoda, p. 94, pi. 6, fig. 20. Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 422, pi. 64, fig. 13. Swain, 1948, Maryland Geol. Survey, Bull. 2, p. 197, pi. 13, fig. 7. Munsey, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 27, p. 8, pi. 4, figs. 6, 7, 12-14. Cythereis bassleri lata Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 52, pi. 7, figs. 2a-b. Cythereis claibornensis Gooch, 1939, Jour. Pa- leontology, vol. 13, p. 581, pi. 67, figs. 5, 6, 10. Stephenson, 1946, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 20, p. 336, pi. 45, fig. 4. Cythereis bassleri reticulolira Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 423, pi. 64, figs. 14, 15. Cythereis plusculmenis Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 422, pi. 64, figs. 2-4. Paracythereis potomaca Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 419, pi. 64, figs. 18-19. Trachyleberis ? bassleri (Ulrich), Swain, 1951, Ostracoda from wells in North Carolina, pt. 1, Cenozoic Ostracoda : U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 34-35, pi. 5, figs. 8, 11-15. Dimensions: Fig. 10: length 0.82 mm; height 0.41 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A and F. U.S.N.M. 128938, 128939, 128940, 128941, 128942. Remarks: Swain (1951, p. 34-35) has recently described the species, discussed its generic posi- tion, and, at the same time, placed several previ- ously described species in synonomy. Specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of North Carolina show little variation in surface sculpture, but are generally more coarsely reticulate than specimens from Paleocene and Eocene sediments. The antero-median ridges in the Cretaceous speci- mens are very weakly developed. Trachyleberis communis (Israelsky) Plate 3, Figures 10, 11 Cythereis communis Israelsky, 1929, Arkansas Geol. Survey Bull. 2, p. 14, pi. 3a, figs. 9-13. Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 101, pi. 9, fig. 18. Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 52, pi. 7, fig. 3. Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 419, pi. 61, figs. 11-13. Cythereis (Pterygocythereis) cf. C. (P) com- munis (Israelsky) Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geol, Mines, and Water Res., Bull. 2, p. 207, pi. 14, figs. 5-7. Carapace subquadrate in side view; greatest height at anterior cardinal angle; dorsal margin nearly straight with slight convexity in middle third ; ventral margin straight, moderately con- verging towards dorsal margin posteriorly; an- terior margin broadly rounded, thick and strongly rimmed, with four to six short, blunt spines on ventral portion; posterior margin angular and strongly compressed, bearing a weak rim, con- cave do'rsally with three to four long, blunt spines on ventral portion. Left valve larger than right, greatest projection at anterior cardinal angle. Ventral ridge, inflated and alate, extends off the anterior rim, rising at the anterior ventral angle and extending longitudinally parallel to and slightly overhanging the ventral margin, sparsely punctate on posterior fourth and abruptly trun- cated by compressed posterior ; dorsal ridge rises at anterior cardinal angle; irregular to bulbous ridge extends parallel to the dorsal margin, be- ing less abruptly truncated by compressed pos- terior; median ridge, inflated in anterior third, rises from depressed area behind anterior rim and extends to compressed posterior. Hinge teeth and sockets smooth and noncrenulate. Dimensions: Fig. 10: length 0.79 mm; height 0.40 mm; convexity 0.17 mm. Occurrence : This species is common at all Pee- dee localities and in most subsurface sections. Lo- calities A, B, C, D, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128943, 128944. Remarks : In many of the specimens at hand there is a short ridge of variable development con- necting the median and dorsal ridges at their pos- terior ends. Both adult forms and molts show this variable ridge development. Schmidt (1948, p. 420) mentions this feature in connection with Mt. Laurel specimens. Trachyleberis pidgeoni (Berry) Plate 7, Figures 26, 27 Cytheridea pidgeoni Berry, 1925, Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., no. 9, p. 485, figs. 7, 8. Cythereis pidgeoni (Berry) Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 421, pi. 62, figs. 2-6. (Not) Swain, 1951, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 36, pi. 6, fig. 1. Dimensions: Fig. 26: male; length 0.70 mm; height 0.29 mm. Fig. 27 : female ; length 0.61 mm ; height 0.30 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, D, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128945, 128946. Remarks: Schmidt (1948, p. 421) has recently described the species. Comparison of the present specimens was made with Cythereis huntensis Alexander. The two species are probably identical and examination of a larger suite of specimens than was available to the writer would probably show C. huntensis Alexander and T. pidgeoni (Berry) to be dimorphic synonyms. I Trachyleberis gapensis (Alexander) Plate 7, Figures 15-19 Cythere gapensis Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 84, pi. 6, figs. 16, 17. The external features of this species have been adequately described by Alexander. Hinge of right 14 valve consists of a high pointed tooth and subja- cent socket connected to a finely crenulate inter- terminal groove, formed along the thickened dor- sal margin, connecting posteriorly to an elongate carved tooth which lies above the groove. Hinge of the left valve the antithesis of the right. Inner margin and line of concrescence coincident. An- terior margin with about ten widely spaced simple pore canals; posterior margin bears about six. Hinge teeth and sockets noncrenulate. Muscula- ture that of the genus. Dimensions: Fig. 15: female; length 0.54 mm; height 0.32 mm; biconvexity 0.28 mm. Fig. 16: male; length 0.63 mm; height 0.29 mm ; biconvexity 0.27 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek throughout and low- ermost Peedee only, localities A, C, G, H, I, and J. U.S.N.M. 128947, 128948, 128949, 128950, 128951. Remarks: The present specimens are slightly more acute posteriorly and the ventral and median ridges terminate approximately along the same vertical line, otherwise they are conspscific with C. gapensis Alexander. Sexual dimorphism is marked with male dimorphs being nearly one- third longer than the females. Trachyleberis (?) praecursora Brown, n. sp. Plate 7, Figures 20-25 Carapace small, subrhomboidal in lateral view ; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin straight to concave medially ; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded ; posterior margin angulate, pointed. Anterior margin strongly and finely denticulate with about 20 spines, more pronounced ventrally ; posterior margin with about four blunt spines ventrally; a short ridge, highest posterad, rises near the antero- ventral junction, extends adjacent to and above the ventral margin, swings gently inward medially, and terminates above abruptly compressed posterior ; a faint dorsal ridge, high- est posteriorly, commences postjacent to a sub- dued eye tubercle, outlines the dorsal margin above, turns inward posterad, and terminates above compressed anterior ; a median ridge com- mences in the anterior third, ventrally. passes through the inflated subcentral node and connects to the dorsal ridge posteriorly. Surface, medially, is discretely reticulate, anterior and posterior thirds smooth. Hinge in right valve a high ovate pointed tooth and large ovate postjacent socket, long interter- minal bar terminating in a weak elongate socket connected to a high rounded tooth formed at out- ward inflation of marginal area ; left valve an- tithesis of right. Inner margin and line of con- crescence coincide, not perfectly coincident along anterior ; deep subcentral depression. Musculature that of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.53 mm ; height 0.28 mm; biconvexity 0.20 mm. Occurrence: Lower Peedee only. This species apparently occurs only in the Exogyra cancellata subzone, localities A and F. U.S.N.M. 128952, 128953, 128954, 128955, 128956, 128957. Remarks : Female dimorphs can be distinguish- ed by their relatively shorter and broader cara- paces. The species is provisionally placed in Tra- chyleberis Brady because of slight differences in hingement from that given for Trachyleberis Brady. Our specimens show a slight swelling (secondary tooth?) at the anterior end of the interterminal bar in the left valve and a corre- sponding shallow socket in the right valve. Com- parison with Toulmina Munsey (Munsey, 1953, p. 6) may show our species to belong to that genus. Genus Platycythereis Triebel, 1940 Platycythereis costatana angula (Schmidt) Plate 6, Figures 22-25 Cythereis costatana angula Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 420, pi. 61, figs. 17- 18. Paracythereis semilenis Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 418, pi. 61, fig. 14. Carapace subquadrate in side view ; dorsal mar- gin straight to slightly convex; ventral margin straight ; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded, strongly and broadly rimmed, spinose; posterior margin compressed, subtriangular, sharply rounded, weakly rimmed, spinose. Rounded ridge, reticulate anterad — punctate posterad, extends from just behind anterior dor- sal angle back along dorsal margin to posterior dorsal angle, turns at right angles, and extends parallel to and above dorsal third of compressed posterior. A second short ridge extends from just anterad of midlength back along ventral margin to posterior ventral angle, turns at right angles, and extends parallel to and above ventral third of compressed posterior. Posterior margin with about six well developed spines on dorsal third. 15 Subdued subcentral node. Anterior third bears two rows of coarse reticulations, one row of which passes along and continues on underside of the dorsal ridge. Middle and anterior thirds punctate. Hingement and musculature that of the genus. Dimensions : Fig. 22 : length 0.72 mm ; height 0.35 mm; biconvexity 0.16 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A and C. U.S.N.M. 128958, 128959, 128960, 128961. Remarks : The flat compressed carapace, hinge- ment, marginal rims, and very subdued subcen- tral node of this species place it in the genus Platycythereis Triebel. The writer has compared the more strongly spinose molts identified by Schmidt as Paracythereis semilenis Schmidt with the species at hand and considers them to be con- specific. Genus Protocythere Triebel, 1938 ■ Protocythere paratriplicata Swain Plate 3, Figures 16, 17 ? Cythere fo&rsteriana Bosquet, Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 82, pi. 6, figs. 1, 11. (Not) Bosquet, 1847, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, nol. 4, p. 364, pi. 2, figs. 4a-d. Protocythere paratriplicata Swain, 1952, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 85, pi. 9, figs. 18-21. Swain has recently described this species and discussed its generic position. Dimensions: Fig. 16: length 0.61 mm; height 0.27 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek only, localities G, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 128962, 128963. Remarks : Specimens from the outcropping sec- tions are generally smaller than the holotype de- scribed by Swain from a well section, otherwise they are judged to be conspecific. Average length of the present specimens is ±0.60 mm. Genus Progonocythere Sylvester— Bradley, 1948 Progonocythere caswellensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 4, Figures 14, 15 Carapace small, subquadrate in lateral view; widest anterad, highest just posterad of median ; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin slightly concave medially ; anterior margin broadly round- ed, finely spinose ventrally ; posterior margin less broadly rcunded, slightly extended medially, finely spinose. Entire valve surface covered with high, narrow square-sided ridges, vertically aligned and more pronounced ventrally ; ridges on the anterior third are slightly longer and roughly subparallel to the anterior margin ; dorsad and posterad, the ridges are more subdued. Closely spaced square- sided ridges and deep interridge areas give the valves a very distinct deeply reticulate appear- ance, vertically aligned. Hinge of left valve with terminal elongate den- ticulate sockets and a finely crenulate interter- minal bar all located high on the marginal rim. Hinge of right valve counterpart of the left. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.63 mm ; height 0.31 mm; convexity 0.16 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, C, and F. U.S.N.M. 128964, 128965. Remarks: This species bears closest resem- blance to Progonocythere hieroglyphica Swain and Peterson from the Sundance formation of Jurassic age. This is the first recorded occurrence of the genus in the Cretaceous. Genus Cytheridea Bosquet, 1850 Stephenson (1936) erected several subgenera under the genus Cytheridea Bosquet. Among these subgenera were Haplo cytheridea and Cli- thro cytheridea which Stephenson, at a later date (1946), raised to the rank of genera. The critical point of distinction between Haplocytheridea and Clithrocytheridea was defined as slight differences in hingement. Cretaceous specimens of Haplocy- theridea and Clithrocytheridea from North Caro- lina exhibit hinge structure in which hingement as defined for both Haplocytheridea and Clithro- cytheridea is present in the same species. In addi- tion, reversal of hingement, in which the normal (?) dentition of a right valve appears in the left valve, is commonly observed. Schmidt (1948) commented on this mixed dentition in connection with Cretaceous specimens. Swain (1952) and Alexander (1933) have pointed out cases of re- versal of hingement and valve overlap in Creta- ceous Cytheridea. In this paper both Haplocytheridea and Cli- throcytheridea are reduced in rank to subgenera with the feeling that further revision will be nec- essary as additional populations are studied. Spe- cies in this paper are given as Cytheridea (Hap- locytheridea) if they exhibit a prominent accom- 16 modation groove dorsad of the interterminal area, whereas species are given as Cytheridea (Clithro- cytheridea) if the accommodation groove and at- tendant valve overlap relationships are absent. Subgenus Haplocytheridea Stephenson, 1936 Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) fabaformis ( Berry ) Plate 2, Figures 7, 8 Cytherella fabaformis Berry, 1925, Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 9, p. 487, fig. 13. Cytheridea fabaformis Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 76, pi. 5, fig. 18. Alexander, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 224. Haplocytheridea ? fabaformis (Berry) , Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 426, pi. 62, fig. 23, text fig. 2e. Haplocytheridea ? fabaformis var. multilira Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 426, pi. 62, figs. 25, 26. Dimensions : Fig. 7 : female ; length 0.60 mm ; height 0.34 mm. Fig. 8 : male ; length 0.64 mm ; height 0.30 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, D, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128966, 128967. Remarks: North Carolina specimens are iden- tical with those specimens occurring in the Mon- mouth formation and originally described by Berry, 1925. A variety H. ? fabaformis multilira Schmidt was described by Schmidt, 1948. Exam- ination has shown the species and variety to re- flect only minor differences and the two are con- sidered to be conspecific by the writer. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) sarectaensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 7, Figures 1-3 Shell in side view, oblong-ovate; highest medi- ally; dorsal margin convex; ventral margin straight ; anterior broadly rounded with about ten short spines, most pronounced ventrally ; posterior margin obliquely rounded, slightly extended ven- trally, with about seven short spines along postero- ventral margin. Surface of valves strongly pitted, puncta ar- ranged in about nine subvertical rows separated by short rounded ridges, in the anterior and me- dian two-thirds of valve ; furrows most pro- nounced medio-dorsally, incipient furrows extend to a rounded steep posterior slope ; anterior fourth rounded, slopes steeply to wide slanting anterior margin. Anterior and posterior thirds, ventrally, with a slight bulbous protrudance. Internal fea- tures those of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.75 mm ; height 0.40 mm; biconvexity 0.38 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, locality E. U.S.N.M. 128968, 128969, 128970. Remarks: This species belongs to the large group which includes Cytheridea (H.) moodyi, Cytheridea (H.) veatchi, Cytheridea (H.) veatchi aquia, and Cytheridea (H.) ruginosa. The present specimens are closest to C. ruginosa Alexander in ornamentation. They are higher anteriorly and posteriorly with steeper posterior and anterior slopes than that species, and more tumid in lateral view. Female dimorphs are shorter and more tumid than the males. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) councilli Brown, n. sp. Plate 2, Figures 12-16 Carapace in side view, elongate-ovate; highest post-median, widest behind anterior cardinal angle ; dorsal margin convex ; ventral margin straight to slightly sinuous ; anterior margin rounded, obtuse dorsally; ventral margin less evenly rounded, weakly acuminate ventrally. Left valve larger than right except along anterior mar- gin, overlap greatest along postero-ventral third. Entire carapace very coarsely and evenly pit- ted, deepest pits (about six) are behind and paral- lel to the anterior margin. Viewed ventrally the anterior margin on both valves is weakly rimmed below. Hinge of right valve consists of terminal notched cusps connected by a narrow crenulate bar postjacent to the dorsal margin. The left valve bears narrow notched sockets connected by a narrow crenulate groove, separated from dorsal margin by a very weakly grooved shelf. Muscula- ture that of the genus. Dimensions: Holotype: length 0.59 mm; height 0.26 mm; biconvexity 0.21 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, B, D, and F. U.S.N.M. 128971, 128972, 128973, 128974, 128975. Remarks: The coarsely pitted surface and rimmed anterior margin serves to distinguish this species. Named for Richard Councill, geologist, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. 17 Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) plummeri Alexander Plate 2, Figures 9-11 Cytheridea plummeri Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 73, pi. 5, figs. 5-8. Alexander and Alexander, 1933, Am. Mid- land Naturalist, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 283, figs. 1-4. Haplocytheridea ? plummeri (Alexander) Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 425, pi. 62, figs. 27-29 ; text fig. 2f . Haplocytheridea ? sp. aff. H. ? plummeri (Alex- ander) Swain, 1952, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 79, pi. 8, fig. 15. These specimens agree with Alexander's de- scription. The species as illustrated by Alexander shows anterior and postero-ventral spines. The present specimens have about 12 sharp well- defined spines along the anterior margin medially and ventrally. About six sharp spines, angled pos- teriorly, extend along the posterior third of the ventral margin to the posterior acumination of the right valve. Spines weak to absent on the left valve. Left valve hinge consists of anterior and pos- terior sockets connected by a crenulate groove and separated from the dorsal margin by a well developed accommodation groove (Ausweich- furche) . Right valve consists of terminal notched teeth separated by a narrow crenulate bar and ly- ing above a shallow groove adjacent to the dorsal margin. Musculature that of the genus. Dimensions : Fig. 9 : male ; length 0.80 mm ; height 0.39 mm. Fig. 10 : female ; length 0.69 mm ; height 0.40 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A and D. U.S.N.M. 128976, 128977, 128978. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) wilmingtonensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 7, Figures 4-9 Carapace in side view, ovate; left valve mark- edly larger than right around entire periphery; dorsal margin strongly convex; ventral margin sinuous; anterior margin broadly rounded; pos- terior margin less strongly rounded, extended ven- trally; anterior margin weakly denticulate be- low ; posterior margin with two to three weak spines at postero-ventral junction. Surface of right valve: punctate, arranged in vertical rows or weak furrows, medially ; posterior fourth bears a short, bulbous sub-ventral ridge, flanked anterad and posterad by short concave furrows; post-medially is an irregular bulbous ridge, anterad of which is a depressed area adja- cent to the dorsal margin and containing one or two irregularly oblique furrows which die out medially. Surface of left valve : the anterior half of this valve is the antithesis of the right valve, the posterior third is smoothly convex lacking the ridge and furrows of its right valve counter- part. Muscle scar consists of four round spots in a sub-vertical row located slightly antero-median, forward of which are two more spots. Inner mar- gin and line of concrescence coincide. Hingement and musculature that of the genus. Dimensions: Holotype: length 0.57 mm; height 0.33 mm; biconvexity 0.25 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, locality A. U.S.N.M. 128979, 128980, 128981, 128982, 128983, 128984. Remarks: In outline, arrangement of surface ridges and furrows, and in internal features the present specimens are judged to belong to the sub- genus Haplocytheridea Stephenson. The degree of overlap and strength of surface sculpture is very variable with the locality but not within the locality. The same variability is present in speci- mens from various wells. The species is appar- ently confined to the basal Peedee and should make an excellent marker for picking the Peedee- Black Creek contact. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) ulrichi (Berry) Plate 2, Figures 4, 5 Cythere ulrichi Berry, 1925, Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 23, no. 9, p. 483, fig. 3. Haplocytheridea ? ulrichi (Berry), Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 426, pi. 62, figs. 18, 19. Dimensions: Figure 4: male; length 0.61 mm; height 0.33 mm; biconvexity 0.27 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, D, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128985, 128986. Remarks : Internal and external features of this species have been adequately described by Schmidt, 1948. The hinge structure as described by Schmidt is present in the North Carolina speci- mens. The writer considers this hinge structure 18 to represent a variant of that commonly found in the subgenus Haplocytheridea Stephenson. These atypical examples of hinge structure are in need of further study as has been pointed out by the writer and others. Schmidt (1948, p. 426) has recently described the species. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) carolinensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 2, Figures 17-20 Shell subtriangular in side view; highest me- dially ; dorsal margin gently convex, straight pos- terad; ventral margin sinuous; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded ; posterior margin less broadly rounded. Left valve larger than right except along anterior margin. Posterior and anterior fourths inflated, sur- mounted by bulbous ridges subparallel to anterior and posterior margins respectively ; anterior slope in front and below ridge sharply truncate, pass- ing into compressed marginal area; posterior slope sharply truncate dorsally, bulbous above ventrally, passing into narrowly compressed mar- ginal area. Surface finely reticulate in posterior and ante- rior thirds; medially, between bulbous extremi- ties, are three to four deeply pitted furrows more pronounced anterad and dorsad. Hinge of left valve ; terminal crenulate sockets and narrow crenulate interterminal groove, sep- arated from dorsal margin by weakly developed accommodation groove. Hinge of right valve an- tithesis of left. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.56 mm ; height 0.30 mm; biconvexity 0.22 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, D, and F. U.S.N.M. 128987, 128988, 128989, 128990. Remarks: In bulbous extremities this species resembles C. oblongus n. sp. (p. 19). The me- dial pitted furrows and bulbous ends serve to distinguish this species. Female dimorphs are shorter and more tumid, medially, than the males. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) punctura ( Schmidt ) Plate 2, Figures 26-28 Haplocytheridea punctura Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 425, pi. 61, figs. 27- 31. Dimensions : Fig. 26 : female ; length 0.70 mm ; height 0.46 mm. Fig. 27: male; length 0.82 mm; height 0.44 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, C, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 128991, 128992, 128993. Remarks: Schmidt (1948, p. 425) has recently described the species. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) monmouthensis Berry Plate 2, Figure 6 Cytheridea monmouthensis Berry, 1925, Am. Jcur. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 9, p. 486, fig. 10. Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 74, pi. 5, figs. 11-14. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) monmouthensis Berry, Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, and Water Res. Bull. 2, p. 212, pi. 14, fig. 14. Haplocytheridea monmouthensis (Berry) Swain, 1952, Ostracoda from Wells in North Carolina: pt. 2, Mesozoic Ostracoda, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 79, pi. 8, fig. 19. Dimensions: Fig. 6: female; length 0.68 mm; height 0.44 mm ; biconvexity 0.33 mm. Occurrence: Peedee and Black Creek, localities A, C, D, G, H, I, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 128994. Remarks: The strength of the median sub- vertical furrows varies with individuals. Internal features that of the genus. Swain (1952, p. 79) has recently described the species. Subgenus Clithrocytheridea Stephenson, 1936 Cytheridea (Clithrocytheridea) oblongus Brown, n. sp. Plate 2, Figures 21-25 Carapace in side view, oblong; highest antero- median, widest medially ; dorsal margin slightly arched along anterior third, straight along pos- terior third ; ventral margin sinuous, concave me- dially ; anterior margin rounded, obtuse ventrally ; posterior margin more sharply rounded, obtuse ventrally. Left valve larger than right and over- laps, most pronounced ventrally and along pos- terc-dorsal third. Carapace finely reticulate, irregular ; reticula- tions extend laterally in closely-spaced irregular rows along median and ventro-lateral surfaces ; reticulations are subarcuate along dorsal portions of carapace. There is an inflated ridge paralleling the anterior margin which is sharply truncate in front ; a posterior ridge above the posterior mar- gin is sharply truncate at the posterior margin 19 ventrally with a somewhat gentler slope dorsally. In ventral view the anterior and posterior mar- gins appear square above and below, gently slop- ing to the margin medially. Right valve consists of terminal notched cusps, separated by a finely denticulate groove along the dorsal margin. Left valve consists of terminally notched sockets and a finely crenulate bar below the dorsal margin. Line of concrescence and inner margin coincide except along anterior margin where they are widely separated ventrally. Mus- culature that of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.60 mm ; height 0.25 mm ; biconvexity 0.22 mm. Occurrence : Lower Peedee only, localities A and F. U.S.N.M. 128995, 128996, 128997, 128998, 128999. Remarks: This small distinct species occurs only rarely in the subsurface. Female dimorphs are shorter and slightly more tumid than the males. Genus Cytheropteron Sars, 1865 Subgenus Cytheropteron Sars, s. s. Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) penderensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figures 12, 13 Carapace subovate in lateral view ; highest post- erad of midlength; dorsal margin moderately arched; ventral margin straight, slightly sinuous anterad ; anterior margin evenly rounded ; poster- ior margin sharply rounded, extended in a blunt, compressed caudal process. Left valve slightly larger than right. Ventral third of valve strongly inflated, topped by a weak sinuous ridge ; inflated portion of valve covers marginal area ; postero-ventral slope sharp- ly truncate. Medially, valves are coursely reticu- late with separating sinuous ridges generally aligned normal to the alate ridge. Hingement and muscle scar that of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.55 mm ; height 0.32 mm ; convexity 0.21 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A and C. U.S.N.M. 129000, 129001. Subgenus Eocytheropteron Alexander, 1933 Cytheropteron (Eocytheropteron) straillis Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figures 14, 15 Shell acuminate — ovate in lateral view ; highest medially; dorsal margin moderately convex; ven- tral margin straight; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded; posterior margin narrowly rounded with a blunt compressed caudate exten- sion ventro-medially. Ventral half of valves swol- len, sharply truncate, overhanging or concealing marginal area medially. Anterior third of valves bear three to four subdued ridges parallel to an- terior margin. Median third coarsely punctate with about 20 coarse, widely-spaced pits. Hinge in left valve bears an anterior shallow crenulate socket, a long weakly crenulate bar con- necting to a crenulate posterior socket which lies below the marginal area; a very subdued groove separates the interterminal bar from the dorsal margin. Muscle scar that of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.69 mm ; height 0.36 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, D, and F. U.S.N.M. 129002, 129003. Cytheropteron (Eocytheropteron) striatum Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figures 16, 17 Carapace small, egg-shaped; highest and wid- est medially; dorsal margin gently arched, straight along the hinge line; ventral margin more strongly arched, weakly angulate medially; anterior margin rounded, slightly extended medi- ally ; posterior margin subtriangular, bluntly cau- date medially. Venter is inflated and overhangs margin medially. Midportion of valves moderately punctate. Pos- terior third, ventrally, with about four fine widely- spaced ridges on each valve; ridges swing down and forward along the ventral surface, swing up and across the anterior third terminating anterad of the anterior cardinal angle. Internal features those of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.51 mm ; height 0.26 mm; biconvexity 0.22 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek only, localities G, H, I, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 129004, 129005. Genus Velarocythere Brown, n. gen. Type species: Velarocythere scuffeltonensis Brown, n. sp. Shell oblong-ovate in lateral view, may be gross- 20 ]y inflated ; greatest height median ; dorsal margin gently convex to sinuous ; ventral margin straight with a concave reentrant antero-medially ; an- terior margin broadly and evenly rounded, spinose below, with one or two rows of deep oblong pits behind and immediately adjacent to the margin ; posterior margin less broadly rounded to suba- cute. Coarsely unisulcate or bisulcate subjacent to the anterior cardinal angle. Left valve typically larger than right, most conspicuous overlap along dorsum and anterad of anterior cardinal angle. Cardinal angles obtuse. Convexity of valves strong; surface of valves grossly reticulate to smooth and sparsely punctate. Hinge of right valve consists of a high pointed anterior tooth, notched anterad, a subjacent ovate socket connecting with a wide faintly crenulate groove lying along the dorsal margin and term- inating posterad at a large square-tooth at the posterior cardinal angle. Left valve antithesis of the right. Line of concrescence and broad inner margin coincident. Muscle scar, located in a shal- low submedian pit, consists of a curvilinear row of three spots and a single larger anterior spot. Female dimorphs are shorter and more tumid than the male. Geologic range: Upper Cretaceous Relationships: This genus shows some affinity to Anticythereis Van den Bold (Pseudocythereis Jennings) but can be separated on the basis of size, hingement, and external shell characteristics. Velarocythere scuffeltonensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 5, Figures 5-9 Carapace oblong-ovate in lateral view ; widest anterad; highest medially; dorsal margin weakly convex, sinuous posterad ; ventral margin slightly concave antero-medially ; anterior margin broadly rounded ; posterior margin more narrowly round- ed ; left valve larger than right, extending beyond the right along the ventrum and markedly at the broadly obtuse cardinal angles. Midportion of valves strongly inflated ; ends slightly compressed; entire valve surface very coarsely reticulate ; outlining the anterior margin posterad are two concentrically arranged rows of deep depressions bounded dorsally by a short oblique sulcus adjacent to the anterior cardinal angle and extending to the dorsal margin just posterad of the anterior cardinal angle. Hinge of right valve consists of a high rounded anterior tooth and postjacent socket, a long wide crenulate interterminal bar connecting to a high square posterior tooth; left valve antithesis of right. Line of concrescence and broad inner mar- gin coincident. Muscle scars, located in a shallow submedian pit, consist of a subvertical row of three spots and a single anterior spot. Dimensions: Holotype: female; length 0,75 mm ; height 0.34 mm ; biconvexity 0.35 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, C, and F. U.S.N.M. 129006, 129007, 129008, 129009, 129010. Velarocythere legrandi Brown, n. sp. Plate 5, Figures 1-4 Carapace subovate in side view ; widest in ante- rior third ; greatest height medially ; dorsal margin gently convex to sinuous ; ventral margin slightly concave medially ; anterior margin broadly round- ed, compressed ; posterior margin less broadly rounded, compressed ; ends bear two parallel rows of five spines; left valve larger than right, ex- tending beyond the other ventrally and at the broadly obtuse cardinal angles. Midportion of valves very strongly inflated with a tumid overhang ventrally, sharply truncate anterad and separated from the anterior fourth by a sharp elliptical ridge which terminates at the dorsal margin medially, and lies above and subparallel to the ventral margin, terminating subjacent to the postero-ventral junction ; midpor- tion of valve grossly and subconcentrically re- ticulate ; compressed posterior one-fourth smooth to slightly papillose ventrally ; the anterior fourth, below the sharp elliptical ridge, bears two con- centric rows of deep depressions bounded dorsal- ly by a shallow oblique sulcus subjacent to the anterior cardinal angle. Dimensions : Figs. 3, 4 : length 0.82 mm ; height 0.33 mm ; biconvexity 0.39 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A and C. U.S.N.M. 129011, 129012. Remarks : The grossly reticulate midportion readily distinguishes this species. Named for H. E. LeGrand, U. S. Geological Survey. Velarocythere cacumenata Brown, n. sp. Plate 5, Figures 13-15 Shell in side view, oblong-ovate; widest at an- terior one third ; highest post-medially ; dorsal margin weakly convex, sinuous posterad; ventral margin slightly concave medially; ends rounded, finely spinose. Left valve larger than right, ex- tending beyond the right along the ventrum and markedly at the broad and obtuse cardinal angles. Dorsal edge thickened. 21 Surface of valves glossy, evenly and discretely pitted. Midportion of valves strongly inflated with bulbous and overhanging expansions along the dorsum and ventrum post-medially ; bulbous por- tions lie on either side of a broad, shallow post- median sulcus ; outlining the anterior margin, posterad, is a row of about five deep coarse depres- sions, most pronounced medially and truncated dorsad by a short oblique sulcus adjacent to the anterior cardinal angle. Hingement and muscu- lature that of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.72 mm ; height 0.35 mm; biconvexity 0.36 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, C, and F. U.S.N.M. 129013, 129014, 129015. Remarks : The deep anterior pits characteristic of the genus are not as well developed as in other species of Velar vcythere. Velarocythere eikonata Brown, n. sp. Plate 5, Figures 10-12 The shape, overlap, and valve sculpture of this species is identical with that described for V. cacumenata with one exception. The surface of this species is coarsely reticulate, with large, broad deep pits, and not glossy and discretely pitted as in V. cacumenata. Dimensions: Holotype: length 0.68 mm; height 0.33 mm ; biconvexity 0.33 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, C, and F. U.S.N.M. 129016, 129017, 129018. Remarks: The smooth shelled V. cacumenata occurs higher stratigraphically in the Peedee formation than V. eikonata. Velarocythere arachoides (Berry) Plate 5, Figures 16-18 Cythere arachoides Berry, 1925, Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 9, p. 484, fig. 5. Cythere rectangulajjora Berry, 1925, Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 9, p. 483, fig. 4. Brachycythere arachoides (Berry), Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 415, pi. 62, figs. 13-16. Brachycythere arachoides (Berry), Swain, 1952, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 81, pi. 9, fig. 22. Shell in side view, subpyriform; highest post- median ; dorsal margin weakly arched, sinuate anterad ; ventral margin straight, convex medi- ally ; anterior margin evenly rounded ; posterior margin sharply rounded, extended medially. Valves subequal, left valve larger than right, overlap greatest at cardinal angles. Anterior margin compressed, smooth dorsally, coarsely pitted ventrally with two rows of sub- parallel deep pits ; posterior margin smooth, com- pressed ; centrally, valves strongly inflated, coarse- ly reticulate ; strong submedian pit behind and below anterior cardinal angle, bounded dorsally by a short deep furrow forming a reentrant in dorsal margin ; ventrally pit is bounded by sub- central short ridge and subjacent furrow. The right valve hinge consists of a high pointed tooth with postjacent socket slightly below a long smooth bar, medially formed by the thickened valve edge, a high posterior square-shaped blunt tooth slightly below the interterminal bar. The left valve hinge consists of a deep socket with postjacent high pointed tooth, a long bar formed by the thickened valve edge and connected to an elongate square-shaped socket. Musculature, lo- cated in pit situated dorso-medially below anterior end of interterminal bar, consists of an L-shaped scar on the anterior pit slope and three elongate scars on the posterior pit slope. Dimensions : Fig. 16 : length 0.75 mm ; height 0.34 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 129019, 129020, 129021. Remarks: The hingement, musculature and shape of the carapace exhibited by this species differs in detail from that described for Brachy- cythere Alexander. The valve overlap, obtuse card- inal angles, deep subparallel pits behind the an- terior margin and general surface sculpture place these specimens in the new genus Velarocythere Brown. Compare dentition of Brachycythere Alex- ander (Plate 4, Fig. 10) with that of Velarocythere Brown (Plate 5, Fig. 18). Note the shape and position of the posterior tooth in both figures. 22 Genus Cytherideis Jones, 1856 Cytherideis mayeri (Howe and Garrett) . Plate 3, Figures 12, 13 Bythocypris ? mayeri Howe and Garrett, 1934, Louisana Dept. Cons., Geol. Bull. no. 4, p. 29, pi. 1, figs. 8-10. Xestoleberis mayeri (Howe and Garrett), Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 410, pi. 63, fig. 10, fig. 2 (text). Cytherideis mayeri (Howe and Garrett), Blake, 1950, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 24, p. 179. Munsey, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 27, p. 13, pi. 3, fig. 4. Dimensions: Fig. 13: length 0.73 mm; height 0.29 mm ; convexity 0.16 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only. This species is rare to common in subsurface Eocene and Paleocene formations in North Carolina. Localities A and E. U.S.N.M. 129022, 129023. Remarks: Schmidt (1948, p. 410) has recently described the species. Genus Monoceratina Roth, 1928 Monoceratina biloba Schmidt Plate 3, Figures 14, 15 Monoceratina biloba Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Pal- eontology, vol. 22, p. 412, pi. 61, fig. 9. Dimensions: Fig. 14: length 0.45 mm; height 0.27 mm. Occurrence: Peedee, locality A. U.S.N.M. 1290- 24, 129025. Remarks: Only one specimen, a molt, was ob- tained at the outcrop during the present study. The bulbous node on the ventral lobate area is well developed on our specimen, a right valve. Also figured is a complete carapace from a water well at the Oak Grove Air Base, Jones County, N. C. This specimen was taken from a sample at 200-210 feet, Peedee formation. Schmidt (1948, p. 412) has recently described the species. Genus Loxoconcha Sars, 1866 Loxoconcha neusensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figure 10 Carapace long in relation to width, subquad- rate in lateral view ; dorsal margin straight ; ven- tral margin sinuous ; anterior margin broadly rounded ; posterior margin rounded ventrally, slightly angulate to straight dorsally, bluntly cau- date. Anterior and posterior ends compressed, posterior more so. Surface coarsely reticulate with rounded to angular pits generally subcircular in relation to margins. Ribs most prominent postero- ventrally. Dimensions: Holotype: length 0.55 mm; height 0.19 mm; biconvexity 0.18 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, C, and E. U.S.N.M. 129026. Remarks: This species is close to L. fletcheri Israelsky from the Cretaceous of Texas and Ar- kansas. It is more tumid and the posterior margin less rounded than that species. Loxoconcha seraphae Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figures 9-11 Carapace subelliptical in lateral view; highest medially; widest just posterad of median; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin gently convex, swinging upward to a blunt submedial caudate process ; anterior margin broadly rounded, faintly rimmed above and below ; posterior obtusely angl- ed dorsally ; postero-ventral margin bears a strong lateral keel. Surface strongly reticulate, punctate; puncta arranged in subcircular rows generally converging posterad and anterad. Hinge characteristic of genus. Inner margin and line of concrescence distinctly separate along anterior margin. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.52 mm ; height 0.32 mm; biconvexity 0.20 mm. Occurrence : Peedee only, localities A, C, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 129027, 129028. Genus Orthonotacythere Alexander, 1933 Orthonotacythere sulcata Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figures 6-8 Shell small, quadrate in side view ; dorsal mar- gin straight; ventral margin convex; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded; posterior margin obtusely rounded, moderately caudate dorsally. Antero-median broad vertical sulcus separates anterior third from posterior two-thirds of valve. Surface finely and evenly reticulate. Eight prom- inent tubercles on the valves ; two anterior tuber- cles lie behind and adjacent to the anterior mar- gin ; three tubercles, most pronounced posterad, parallel and lie above the ventral margin ; 2 weak tubercles subparallel and above the posterior mar- gin medially and dorsally ; a single large tubercle lies posterad of the median line dorsally. A prom- inent eyespot lies adjacent to the antero-dorsal junction. Hingement typical of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype r length 0.45 mm ; height 23 0.20 mm; biconvexity 0.18 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek only, localities G, H, I, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 129029, 129030, 129031. Remarks: This species most closely resembles 0. scorbiculata Alexander but the arrangement of the tubercles serves to distinguish this species. These specimens like O. cristata Alexander exhibit a radial reticulate pattern on and around the base of the tubercle. Orthonotacythere hannai (Israelsky) Plate 6, Figures 3-5 Cytheridea (?) hannai Israelsky, 1929, Arkan- sas Geol. Bull. 2, p. 12, pi. 2A, fig. 10. Cytheropteron hannai (Israelsky) Alexander, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, p. 105, PI. 9, fig. 16. Orthonotacythere hannai (Israelsky) Alexand- er, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 200, pi. 25, fig. la-c; pi. 26, fig. 6a-b; pi. 27, fig. 14a-b. Carapace in side view, ovate; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin convex, curving sharply upward posterad to a short thin caudate process at the poster o-dor sal junction; anterior margin obliquely rounded, weakly rimmed medially with about four blunt spines below; posterior margin obliquely rounded with a thin caudate extension dorsally; carapace compressed, widest ventrally. Surface of valve with an ill-defined antero- median sulcus dividing valve into two subequal parts ; three strongly developed tubercles lie above and parallel to the ventral margin ; a fourth well developed tubercle lies above the postero-dorsal junction; a fifth tubercle, more weakly developed, lies posterad of the anterior margin submedially ; about four or five weakly developed tubercles are indiscriminately present on the valve, the most pronounced of these lying at or adjacent to the antero-dorsal angle. Surface of the valves with well developed reticulations giving a striated ap- pearance to the ventrum. Internal features char- acteristic of the genus. Dimensions: Fig. 3: length 0.61 mm; height 0.39 mm; biconvexity 0.37 mm. Occurrence: Peedee rare to common, Black Creek rare. Alexander lists this species both from Taylor and Navarro units in Texas. Localities A, B, C, D, E, F, I, and K. U.S.N.M. 129032, 129033, 129034. Remarks : This distinctive species is very close to O. cristata Alexander from the Paleocene. A comparison with the Paleocene specimens of O. cristata has shown the present specimens to be slightly smaller, more ovate in side view and weak- ly denticulate along the anterior margin; other- wise they are seemingly identical. Alexander (1934, p. 65) suggested that the stronger elevation of the tubercles on O. cristata was a distinguish- ing feature. In the present study the strength and tuberculate pattern of the Cretaceous speci- mens seem to be identical with specimens of O. cristata from the Paleocene of Arkansas and Tennessee. Orthonotacythere tarensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figures 1, 2 Carapace small, oblong to quadrate in side view ; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin convex; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded; posterior margin less broadly rounded, weakly caudate dorsally. Anterior margin broad and com- pressed. A broad, shallow, weakly defined sulcus, slight- ly anterad of median, extends from dorsal mar- gin to midpoint. Surface discretely tuberculate. Anterad of sulcus dorsally, a low rounded tuber- cle; a second low tubercle above and adjacent to postero-ventral junction; two weak tubercles above and parallel to the dorsal margin posterad. Median and ventral portions of valve with about ten fine parallel striations, strongest parallel to ventro-lateral border. Entire surface very finely reticulate. Hingement that of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.66 mm ; height 0.27 mm ; biconvexity 0.25 mm. Fig. 2 : length 0.71 mm; height 0.24 mm; biconvexity 0.23 mm. Occurrence: Black Creek only, localities G, H, I, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 129035, 129036. Remarks: Female dimorphs, generally broader in relation to length, seem to show stronger tuber- cular development. This species bears some re- semblance to Monoceratina trinodosa Alexander from the Weno of Texas. 24 Genus Cvtherura Sars, 1866 Cytherura glossensis Brown, n. sp. Plate 6, Figures 18, 19 Carapace small, spindle-shaped to ovate ; dorsal margin faintly convex ; ventral margin sinuous ; anterior margin obliquely rounded; posterior margin angular, elongate caudal process slightly above middle. A fine ridge commences in the anterior ventral area extends above and parallel to the ventral margin bends inward at the postero-ventral junc- tion and forms a distinct open loop on the pos- terior third ; a short weak ridge extends medially from the anterior margin, bifurcates atop the anterior slope and dies out antero-medially. Sur- face reticulate as a fine mesh arranged in about seven large weakly defined depressions. Internal features characteristic of the genus. Dimensions : Holotype : length 0.42 mm ; height 0.18 mm ; biconvexity 0.14 mm. Occurrence: Rare to common in lower Peedee and in the Black Creek, localities A, C, F, G, H, I, J, and K. U.S.N.M. 129037, 129038. Genus Eucytherura Miiller, 1894 Eucytherura curta (Jennings) Plate 6, Figures 20, 21 Cythereis curta Jennings, 1936, Bull. Am. Pal- eontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 52, pi. 7, figs. 4a-b. Carapace small, thick ; quadrate in lateral view ; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin straight to slightly concave medially, concealed by over- hang medially; dorsal and ventral margins con- verge posterad ; anterior margin broadly rounded ; posterior margin more sharply rounded, extended below in a blunt subdorsal caudate process. Surface of valves reticulate; a ventral ridge commences medially at the anterior margin swings backward to the ventral margin posterad of the antero-ventral junction, outlines and partly con- ceals the ventral margin from above, swings in- ward at the postero-ventral junction, and passes into the valve above the posterior mar- gin ventrally; a second ridge commences just dorsad of the first, extends backward medially to a subdued subcentral nodose process, turns ob- liquely, and extends backward to a point above the posterior margin dorsally; a third ill-defined ridge extends from the nodose process to the outer margin just anterad of a small glassy eye tubercle lying at the antero-dorsal junction. Short, eccentrically-arranged ridge-like projections nor- mal to the main ridges give the carapace a coarsely reticulate appearance. Hinge in right valve consists of an anterior pointed tooth and postjacent socket with an elong- ate carved crenulate tooth located at the postero- dorsal junction, the terminal teeth being connected by a faintly crenulate interterminal groove form- ed of the dorsal marginal edge. Hinge of the left valve the counterpart of the right valve. Line of concrescence and inner margin widely separated. Valves rugose internally. Dimensions : Fig. 20 : length 0.47 mm ; height 0.23 mm. Occurrence: Peedee only, localities A, B, C, D, E, and F. U.S.N.M. 129039, 129040. Remarks : The shape, hingement, and nature of the carapace places this species in the genus Eucytherura Miiller. 25 References Alexander, C. I., 1929 Ostracoda of the Creta- ceous of North Texas: Texas Univ. Bull. 2907, pis. 1-9, p. 1-134. 1932, Sexual dimorphism in fossil Ostracoda: Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, no. 5, p. 302-310. 1933, Shell structure of the ostracode genus Cytheropteron, and fossil species from the Cretaceous of Texas : Jour. Paleontology, v. 7, p. 181-214. 1934, Ostracoda of the genera Mono- ceratina and Orthonotacy there from the Cre- taceous of Texas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 57-67. 1934, Ostracoda from the Midway (Eocene) of Texas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, pis. 32-35, p. 206-237. 1936, Ostracoda of the genera Eucy- there, Cytherura, Eucytherura, and Loxo- concha from the Cretaceous of Texas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 10, p. 689-694. Berry, E. Willard, 1925, Upper Cretaceous Ostra- coda from Maryland : Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 9, p. 481-487. Blake, C. H., 1931, Notes on Ostracoda : Jour. Pa- leontology, v. 5, p. 160-163. Conrad, Timothy A., 1871, Points connected with the Cretaceous and Tertiary of North Caro- lina (letter excerpt) : Am. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., v. 1, p. 468-469. Cornuel, J., 1846, Description des Entomostraces fossiles du terrain cretace inferieur du De- partment du Haute-Marne : Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 2, t. 1, pt. 2, p. 193-205. Coryell, H. N., Sample, C. H., and Jennings, P. H., 1935, Bairdoppilata, a new genus of Ostra- coda, with two new species : Am. Mus. Novi- tates, 777. Harris, R. W., and Jobe, B. I., 1951, Microfauna of basal Midway outcrops near Hope, Ark.: Div. Geology, Arkansas Res. and Devel. Comm., Little Rock. Howe, H. V., 1934, The ostracode genus Cytherel- loidea in the Gulf Coast Tertiary : Jour. Pa- leontology, v. 8, p. 29-34. Howe, H. V., and Garrett, Julius B., 1934, Louisi- ana Sabine Eocene Ostracoda: Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 4. Israelsky, Merle C, 1929, Upper Cretaceous Os- tracoda of Arkansas: Arkansas Geol. Sur- vey Bull. 2, app., p. 1-20. Jennings, P. H., 1936, A microfauna from the Monmouth and basal Rancocas groups of New Jersey : Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 23, no. 78, p. 1-76. Jones, T. R., 1849, A monograph of the Entomo- straca of the Cretaceous formation of Eng- land: Palaeontographical Soc. London, mon. v. 3, pt. 1, p. 1-37. Jones, T. R., and Hinde, G. C, 1890, A supple- mentary monograph of the Cretaceous En- tomostraca of England and Ireland : Palaeon- tographical Soc. London, mon., v. 43, p. 1-70. Kerr, W. C, 1875, North Carolina Geol. Survey Rept., vol. 1, p. 149. Kline, V. H., 1943, Clay County fossils: Missis- sippi Geol. Survey Bull. 53. Morrow, A. L., 1934, Foraminifera and Ostracoda from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas : Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 186-205. Munsey, Gordon C, Jr., 1953, A Paleocene ostra- code fauna from the Coal Bluff Marl member of the Naheola formation of Alabama : Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 1-20. Murray, Grover, 1938, Claiborne Eocene species of the ostracode genus Loxoconcha: Jour. Paleontology, v. 12, p. 586-595. Murray, Grover, and Hussey, Keith M., 1942, Some Tertiary Ostracoda of the genera Ala- tacythere and Brachycy there: Jour. Paleon- tology, v. 16, p. 164-182. Puri, Harbans S., 1953, The Ostracode genus Trachyleberis and its ally Actinocythereis : Am. Mid. Naturalist, v. 49, pp. 171-187, pi. 1,2. Sars, G. O., 1926, An account of the Crustacea of Norway, v. 9, Ostracoda: Bergen Mus., Ber- gen. Schmidt, Ruth A. M., 1948, Ostracoda from the Upper Cretaceous and lower Eocene of Mary- land, Delaware, and Virginia: Jour. Paleon- tology, v. 22, p. 389-431. Sexton, J. V., 1951, The ostracode Cytherelloidea in North America: Jour. Paleontology, v. 25, p. 808-816. Sohn, I. G., 1954, Paleocene Ostracoda from out- crops in Maryland: Science, v. 119, no. 3097, p. 656. 26 Spangler, W. B., 1950, Subsurface geology of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 34, p. 100-132. Stephenson, L. W., and others, 1912, The Coastal Plain of North Carolina (Cretaceous part) : North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey, v. Ill, p. 73-171. 1923, Cretaceous formations of North Carolina: North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey, v. 5, p. 1-59. Stephenson, M. B., 1936, Shell structure of the ostracode genus Cytheridea : Jour. Paleontol- ogy, v. 10, p. 695-703. 1937, Middle Tertiary Ostracoda of the genus Cytheridea: Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 145-159. 1938, Lower Eocene Ostracoda of the genus Cytheridea from Alabama: Jour. Paleontology, v. 12, p. 570-585. 1946, Weches Eocene Ostracoda from Smithville, Tex. : Jour. Paleontology, v. 20, p. 297-344. Swain, F. M., 1948, Ostracoda in Cretaceous and Tertiary subsurface geology : Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, Water Res., Bull. 2, p. 187- 212. 1951, Ostracoda from wells in North Carolina, pt. 1, Cenozoic Ostracoda: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A. 1952, Ostracoda from wells in North Carolina, pt. 2, Mesozoic Ostracoda : U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-B. Swain, F. M., and Peterson, James A., 1952, Os- tracodes from the upper part of the Sundance formation of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Southern Montana: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 243-A. Sylvester-Bradley, P. C, 1948, Bathonian ostra- codes from the Boueti bed of Langton Her- ring, Dorset: Geol. Mag., v. 85, no. 4, p. 185- 204. 1948, The ostracode genus Cyth- ereis: Jour. Paleontology, v. 22, p. 792-797. Triebel, E., 1938, Protocythere and Exophthalmo- cythere, zwie neue Ostracodengattungen aus der deutschen Kreide: Seneckbergiana, bd. 20, p. 179-200, pis. 1-3. 1940, Die Ostracoden der deutschen Kreide : Seneckbergiana, bd. 22, p. 160-227. Van den Bold, W. A., 1946, Contribution to the study of Ostracoda : Doctoral dissertation, Utretch University, Amsterdam, p. 1-167. Vanderpool, H. C, Fossils from the Trinity group (lower Comanchean) : Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 95-107. Van Veen, J. E., 1936, (1) Die Cytheridea der Maastrichter Tufkreide und des Kunrader Korallenkalker von S. Limburg: Naturalist Maandblad, Jaarg. 24, nos. 2-9. 27 Species Alatacythere alata atlantica (Schmidt) Bairdia pittensis n. sp. Bairdoppilata pondera Jennings Bairdoppilata postextensa (Swain) Brachycythere raleighensis n. sp. Brachycy there ledaforma (Israelsky) Brachycythere sphenoides (Reuss) Brachycythere nausiformis Swain Brachycythere rhomboidalis (Berry) Brachycythere plena Alexander Cytheridea (H.) monmouthensis Berry Cytheridea (H.) ulrichi (Berry) Cytheridea (H.) fabaformis (Berry) Cytheridea (~H.) councilli n. sp. Cytheridea (H.) plummeri Alexander Cytheridea (H.) sarectaensis n. sp. Cytheridea (H.) carolinensis n. sp. Cytheridea (H.) wilmingtonensis n. sp. Cytheridea (H.) punctura (Schmidt) Cytheridea (C.) oblongus n. sp. Cytherideis mayeri (Howe and Garrett) Cytherella sp. Cytherella bullata Alexander Cytherella tuberculifera Alexander Cytherella ovata (Roemer) Cytherella herricki n. sp. Cytherelloidea (?) cuneiforma n. sp. Cytherelloidea sivaini n. sp. Cytherelloidea sohni n. sp. Cytherelloidea andrewsi n. sp. Cytherelloidea greenensis n. sp. Cytherelloidea inflata n. sp. Cytheropteron (C.) penderensis n. sp. Cytheropteron (E.) straJus n. sp. Cytheropteron (E.) striatum n. sp. Cytherura glossensis n. sp. Eucytherura curta (Jennings) Loxoconcha neusensis n. sp. Loxoconcha seraphae n. sp. Monoceratina biloba Schmidt Orthonotacythere sulcata n. sp. Orthonotacythere hannai (Israelsky) Orthonotacythere tarensis n. sp. Platycythereis costatana anguta (Schmidt) Protocythere paratriplicata Swain Progonocythere casweLensis n. sp. Trachyleberis bassleri (Ulrich) Trachyleberis communis (Israelsky) Trachyleberis gapensis (Alexander) Trachyleberis pidgeoni (Berry) Trachyleberis (?) praecursora n. sp. Velarocy there arachoides (Berry) Velarocy there cacumenata n. sp. Velarocythere eikonata n. sp. V elarocy there legrandi n. sp. Velarocythere scuff eltonensis n. sp. Key to symbols used in chart A — abundant, more than 25 specimens. C — common, more than 15 specimens. R — rare, 5 or more specimens. VR — very rare, less than 5 specimens. X — denotes occurrence in subsurface samples from water wells. Average sample 500 grams. PEEDEE LOCALI TIES SNOV / HIL L LO CALI TIES Occurrence in A B C D E F G H I J K Wells C R X VR X A R R X A R X R C X R R A R R C R X C R R VR VR X R R C R R X C C C VR A R X VR C X VR R R C R R C VR X A R C VR A C X A A A VR A C X A VR R c R A A X C VR VR C X A VR A C A Vfc C R X R R R R VR VR VR R R X X X VR ? C C R C X VR VR vr X C VR VR VR R VI X C R VR X C R VR C R VR R VR R X VR VR VR VR R A VR R A VR X C VR R C R VR C VR X C R R A VR R X R VR C R VR VR C X X VR X R R R R R X R VR VR VR VR C R VR VR VR R VR VR X C R R R R X VR VR VR R C X A C C c C C X A VR A A A A X A C C c C C X A VR X A C C A C X R R VR X VR VR VR X VR VR X C VR VR X Figure 2. Checklist denoting occurrence and abundance of specimens in outcrop and occurrence of specimens in water wells. 28 Plates 1-7 29 Figures 1-2. Cytherella sp. (p. 8) 1. Right valve, exterior, x 55, Loc. B, U.S.N.M. 128897 2. Right valve, interior, x 61, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128898 3-5. Cytherella tuberculifera Alexander (p. 7) 3. Left side view, complete specimen, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128890 4. Right valve, exterior, x 60, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128891 5. Dorsal view, complete specimen, x 54, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128892 6-7. Cytherella bullata Alexander (p. 7) 6. Right side view, complete specimen, x 50, Loc. J, U.S.N.M. 128887 7. Left side view, complete specimen, x 52, Loc. G, U.S.N.M. 128888 8-11. Cytherella herricki Brown, n. sp. (p. 8) 8. Left side view, holotype, x 56, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128893 9. Right side view, paratype, x 54, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128894 10. Left valve, interior, x 62, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128895 11. Dorsal view, paratype, x 52, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128896 12. Cytherella ovata (Roemer) (p. 7) Left side view, complete specimen, female, x 55, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128889 13-15. Cytherelloidea (?) cuneiforma Brown, n. sp., (p. 8) 13. Left side view, paratype, x 56, Loc. A; U.S.N.M. 128902 14. Right side view, holotype, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128903 15. Dorsal view, paratype, x 57, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128904 16-19. Cytherelloidea swaini Brown, n. sp. (p. 8) 16. Ventral view, holotype, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128899 17. Left side view, holotype, x 60, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128899 18. Left side view, paratype, x 57, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128900 19. Dorsal view, paratype, x 56, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128901 20, 21, 25. Cytherelloidea inflata Brown, n. sp. (p. 10) 20. Right side view, holotype, x 66, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128914 21. Dorsal view, paratype, x 65, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128915 25. Left side view, paratype, x 64, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128916 22, 23, 26, 29. Cytherelloidea greenensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 9) 22. Dorsal view, paratype, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128908 23. Right side view, holotype, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128909 26. Right side view, paratype, x 60, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128910 29. Ventral view, holotype, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128909 24, 27, 28. Cytherelloidea andrewsi Brown, n. sp. (p. 9) 24. Left side view, paratype, male, x 59, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128911 27. Left side view, holotype, female, x 55, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128912 28. Dorsal view, paratype, male, x 61, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128913 Plate 2 Figures 1-3. Cytherelloidea sohni Brown, n. pp. (p. 9) 1. Left side view, paratype, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128905 2. Right side view, holotype, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128906 3. Dorsal view, left valve, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128907 4-5. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) ulrichi (Berry) (p. 18) 4. Right valve, male specimen, x 65, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128985 5. Right side view, female specimen, x 56, Loc. D, U.S.N.M. 128986 6. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) monmouthensis Berry (p. 19) Right side view, female specimen, x 55, Loc. J, U.S.N.M. 128994 7-8. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) fabaformis (Berry) (p. 17) 7. Left valve, female specimen, x 50, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128966 8. Right valve, male specimen, x 48, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128967 9-11. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) plummeri Alexander (p. 18) 9. Left valve, male specimen, x 72, Loc. D, U.S.N.M. 128976 10. Left valve, female specimen, x 55, Loc. D, U.S.N.M. 128977 11. Interior view, right valve, male, x 69, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128978 12-16. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) councilli Brown, n. sp. (p. 17) 12. Right side view, holotype, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128971 13. Right valve, interior, x 55, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128972 14. Left valve, interior, x 52, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128973 15. Dorsal view, female paratype, x 58, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128974 16. Ventral view, male paratype, x 57, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128975 17-20. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) carolinensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 19) 17. Left valve, paratype, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128987 18. Right side view, holotype, male, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128988 19. Ventral view, paratype, male, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128989 20. Left valve, interior, female, x 66, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128990 £1-25. Cytheridea (Clithrocytheridea) oblongus Brown, n. sp. (p. 19) 21. Left side view, holotype, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128995 22. Right side view, paratype, x 63, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128996 23. Left valve, interior, x 63, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128997 24. Ventral view, paratype, x 61, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128998 25. Dorsal view, paratype, x 61, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128999 26-28. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) punctura (Schmidt) (p. 19) 26. Left valve, female specimen, x 52, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128991 27. Left valve, male specimen, x 52, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128992 28. Left valve, interior, x 50, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128993 Plate 3 Figures 1-3. Bairdia pittensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 10) 1. Right valve, holotype, x 76, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128917 2. Right valve, interior, holotype, x 77, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128917 3. Left valve, interior, holotype, x 77, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128917 4, 7, 8. Bairdoppilata pondera Jennings (p. 10) 4. Right valve, interior, x 50, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128918 7. Right side view, x 60, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128919 8. Ventral view, x 60, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128920 5, 6, 9. Bairdoppilata postextensa (Swain) (p. 10) 5. Left side view, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128921 6. Right side view, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128922 9. Dorsal view, x 65, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128923 10-11. Trachyleberis communis (Israelsky) (p. 14) 10. Right valve, exterior, x 81, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128943 11 Right valve, interior, x 77, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128944 12-13. Cytherideis mayeri (Howe and Garrett) (p. 23) 12. Right valve, exterior, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129022 13. Right valve, interior, x 63, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129023 14-15. Monoceratina biloba Schmidt (p. 23) 14. Right valve, exterior, x 77, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129024 15. Dorsal view, molt, x 83, Loc: This specimen is from a well (see p. 23). U.S.N.M. 129025 16-17. Protocythere paratriplicata Swain (p. 16) 16. Right side view, x 76, Loc. G, U.S.N.M. 128962 17. Left valve, interior, x 66, Loc. J, U.S.N.M. 128963 Figures Plate 4 1-2. Alatacythere alata a'Aantica (Schmidt) (p. 13) 1. Left valve, exterior, x 55, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128936 2. Dorsal view, complete specimen, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128937 3-4. Brachycythere nausiformis Swain (p. 12) 3. Right valve, interior, male, x 61, Loc. I, U.S.N.M. 128929 4. Right valve, exterior, female, x 57, Loc. I, U.S.N.M. 128930 , 8-10. Brachycythere rhomboidalis (Berry) (p. 11) 5. Left valve, exterior, x 66, Loc. B, U.S.N.M. 128925 8. Right side view, complete specimen, x 54, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128926 9. Exterior view, abraded left valve, x 54, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128927 10. Dorsal view, right valve showing dentition, x 57, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128928 6. Brachycythere ledaforma (Israelsky) (p. 12) Right side view, complete specimen, x 62, Loc. H., U.S.N.M. 128932 7. Brachycythere plena Alexander (p. 12) Right valve, exterior, x 58, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128931 11-13. Brachycythere raleighensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 13) 11. Right side view, holotype, x 61, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128933 12. Ventral view, paratype, x 55, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128934 13. Dorsal view, paratype, x 63, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128935 14-15. Progonocy there caswellensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 16) 14. Left valve, exterior, holotype, x 52, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128964 15. Right valve, exterior, paratype, x 53, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128965 16. Brachycythere sphenoides (Reuss) (p. 11) Right side view, complete specimen, x 60, Loc. K, U.S.N.M. 128924 t-^&'j f ^^8 JW Y ** * l^Vl^fTv^ P^^^ ^^Bb 1 :*vS*fq] nw .^fl -"' 5 Ik i ■ i .* * * § m 1 ' f f f ' J§ E*9 l» Iff HE sfl r *^IH |B ] 1/ ' ; «■:'.. 1 I §* fli L1 * ^ ■ KB 1 BE v Plate 5 Figures 1-4. V 'elarocy there legravdi Brown, n. sp. (p. 21) 1. Right side view, holotype, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129011 2. Left side view, holotype, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129011 3. Right valve, interior, paratype, x 57, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129012 4. Right valve, exterior, paratype, x 61, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 129012 5-9. Velarocythere scuff eltoncnsis Brown, n. gen., n. sp. (p. 21) 5. Right valve, interior, paratype, male, x 71, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129006 6. Left valve interior, paratype, male, x 65, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129007 7. Right side view, paratype, male, x 58, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 129008 8. Left side view, holotype, female, x 56, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129009 9. Dorsal view, paratype, x 56, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 129010 10-12. Velarocythere eikonata Brown, n. sp. (p. 22) 10. Right side view, holotype, female, x 66, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129016 11. Left side view, paratype, male, x 62, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129017 12. Dorsal view, paratype, x 64, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 129018 13-15. Velarocythere cacumenata Brown, n. sp. (p. 21) 13. Right side view, paratype, female, x 66, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129013 14. Left side view, holotype, male, x 58, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129014 15. Dorsal view, paratype, female, x 61, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 129015 16-18. Velarocythere arachoides (Berry) (p. 22) 16. Right valve, interior, x 77, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129019 17. Right side view, instar, x 81, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 129020 18. Dorsal view of right valve showing dentition, x 79, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129021 Plate 6 Figures 1-2. Orthonotacy there tarewsis Brown, n. sp. (p. 24) 1. Left side view, holotype, female, x 63, Loc. I, U.S.N.M. 129035 2. Dorsal view, paratype, male, x 59, Loc. H, U.S.N.M. 129036 3-5. Orthonotacy there hannai (Israelsky) (p. 24) 3. Left side view, x 62, Loc. D, U.S.N.M. 129032 4. Right side view, x 61, Loc. D, U.S.N.M. 129033 5. Ventral view, x 59, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 129034 6-8. Orthonotacy there sulcata Brown, n. sp. (p. 23) 6. Right valve, exterior, paratype, x 65, Loc. G, U.S.N.M. 129029 7. Left side view, holotype, x 62, Loc. G, U.S.N.M. 129030 8. Ventral view, paratype, x 64, Loc. G, U.S.N.M. 129031 9, 11. Loxoconcha seravhae Brown, n. sp. (p. 23) 9. Left side view, holotype, x 63, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 129027 11. Right side view, paratype, x 58, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 129028 10. Loxoconcha neusensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 23) Left side view, holotype, x 58, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 129026 12-13. Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) penderensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 20) 12. Right valve, exterior, paratype, x 66, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 129000 13. Left valve, exterior, holotype, x 60, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129001 14-15. Cytheropteron (Eocytheropteron) straillis Brown, n. sp. (p. 20) 14. Left valve, exterior, paratype, x 61, Loc. D, U.S.N.M. 129002 15. Right valve, exterior, holotype, x 60, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 129003 16-17. Cytheropteron (Eocytheropteron) striatum Brown, n. sp. (p. 20) 16. Left side view, holotype, female, x 66, Loc. G, U.S.N.M. 129004 17. Right side view, paratype, male, x 64, Loc. K, U.S.N.M. 129005 18-19. Cythcrura glessensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 25) 18. Right side view, holotype, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129037 19. Left side view, paratype, x 57, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 129038 20-21. Eucythcrura curta (Jennings) (p. 25) 20. Left side view, x 63, Loc. D, U.S.N.M. 129039 21. Right side view, x 65, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 129040 22-25. Platycythereis costatana angula (Schmidt) (p. 15) 22. Left side view, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128958 23. Right side view, x 55, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128959 24. Ventral view, x 54, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128960 25. Dorsal view, x 61, Loc. C, U.S.N.M. 128961 Plate 7 Figures 1-3. Cytheridea (Haplo cytheridea) sarectaensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 17) 1. Left valve, exterior, female, x 53, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128968 2. Ventral view, holotype, x 54, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128969 3. Right valve, exterior, paratype, male, x 47, Loc. E, U.S.N.M. 128970 4-9. Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) wilmingtonensis Brown, n. sp. (p. 18) 4. Dorsal view, paratype, x 61, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128979 5. Ventral view, paratype, x 68, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128980 6. Left valve, interior, x 67, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128981 7. Left side view, holotype, x 73, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128982 8. Dorsal view, left valve showing dentition, x 73, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128983 9. Dorsal view, paratype, x 78, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128984 10-14. Trachyleberis bassleri (Ulrich) (p. 13) 10. Right valve, exterior, x 48, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128938 11. Left side view, complete specimen, x 49, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128939 12. Right side view, complete specimen, x 55, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128940 13. Ventral view, instar, x 58, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128941 14. Dorsal view, x 53, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128942 15-19. Trachyleberis gapensis (Alexander) (p. 14) 15. Right side view, female specimen, x 64, Loc. I, U.S.N.M. 128947 16. Right side view, male specimen, x 63, Loc. I, U.S.N.M. 128948 17. Right valve, interior, male, x 60, Loc. I, U.S.N.M. 128949 18. Ventral view, x 63, Loc. H, U.S.N.M. 128950 19. Dorsal view, x 75, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128951 20-25. Trachyleberis (?) praecursora Brown, n. sp. (p. 15) 20. Right side view, holotype, x 66, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128952 21. Left side view, paratype, x 66, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128953 22. Left valve, interior, paratype, x 68, Loc. F, U.S.N.M. 128954 23. Dorsal view, paratype, x 72, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128955 24. Ventral view, paratype, x 67, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128956 25. Dorsal view, left valve, paratype, x 66, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128957 26-27. Trachyleberis pidgeoni (Berry) (p. 14) 26. Right valve, exterior, male, x 60, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128945 27. Left valve, exterior, female, x 59, Loc. A, U.S.N.M. 128946 ^